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847b5e066aa0138af5a227fb6dac94f1	Death in Paradise (TV series) starred two English actors and one Irish actor.	[ { "docid": "39dc3cc6db0eb042eb4e3af48baf7427", "text": "Ardal O'Hanlon Ardal O'Hanlon ( -LSB- oʊˈhænlən -RSB- born 8 October 1965 ) is an Irish comedian and actor . He played Father Dougal McGuire in Father Ted , George Sunday in My Hero , and DI Jack Mooney in Death in Paradise .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "52430bcada1adc3eca9dcb1280798498", "text": "Death in Paradise (TV series) Death in Paradise is a British-French crime comedy-drama television series created by Robert Thorogood , starring Ben Miller ( series 1 -- 3 ) , Kris Marshall ( series 3 -- 6 ) & Ardal O'Hanlon ( series 6 -- present ) . The programme is a joint UK and French production filmed on the French Caribbean island of Guadeloupe and broadcast on BBC One in the United Kingdom and France 2 in France . Death in Paradise has enjoyed high ratings , leading to repeated renewals . A sixth series began broadcasting on 5 January 2017 and aired its finale on 23 February , with the subsequent DVD release occurring three days later on 27 February 2017 . The series will return in 2018 for a seventh series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d650faee6a408dadb1fb1e815e7e6c8", "text": "Ben Miller Bennet Evan `` Ben '' Miller ( born 24 February 1966 ) is an English comedian , actor and director . He is best known as one half of comedy double act Armstrong and Miller , with Alexander Armstrong . Miller and Armstrong wrote and starred in the Channel 4 sketch show Armstrong and Miller , as well as the BBC sketch show The Armstrong & Miller Show .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ec7da99d41d82887e1934ba368b2d503", "text": "Kris Marshall Kristopher `` Kris '' Marshall ( born 11 April 1973 ) is an English actor . He has played Nick Harper in My Family , Colin Frissell in the 2003 film Love Actually , Adam in BT Retail adverts from 2005 until 2011 , and Dave in the first series of Citizen Khan ( 2012 ) . He played DI Humphrey Goodman in Death in Paradise , taking over the role April 2013 for the show 's third series and leaving it in February 2017 in the sixth series .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "4676ab0a9e8d886fd2000dcc58aeb1ad", "text": "Ben Chaplin Ben Chaplin ( born Benedict John Greenwood ; 31 July 1969 ) is an English actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "12e3f38c8c2a29acf996a94d7073fb78", "text": "Herbert Marshall Herbert Brough Falcon Marshall ( 23 May 1890 -- 22 January 1966 ) was an English stage , screen and radio actor who , in spite of losing a leg during the First World War , starred in many popular and well-regarded Hollywood films in the 1930s and 1940s . After a successful theatrical career in the United Kingdom and North America , he became an in-demand Hollywood leading man , frequently appearing in romantic melodramas and occasional comedies . In his later years , he turned to character acting . The son of actors , Marshall is best remembered for roles in Ernst Lubitsch 's Trouble in Paradise ( 1932 ) , Alfred Hitchcock 's Murder ! ( 1930 ) and Foreign Correspondent ( 1940 ) , William Wyler 's The Letter ( 1940 ) and The Little Foxes ( 1941 ) , Albert Lewin 's The Moon and Sixpence ( 1942 ) , Edmund Goulding 's The Razor 's Edge ( 1946 ) , and Kurt Neumann 's The Fly ( 1958 ) . He appeared onscreen with many of the most prominent leading ladies of Hollywood 's Golden Age , including Greta Garbo , Marlene Dietrich and Bette Davis . From 1944 to 1952 , Marshall starred in his own radio series , The Man Called ` X ' . Often praised for the quality of his voice , he made numerous radio guest appearances and hosted several shows . He performed on television as well . The actor , known for his charm , married five times and periodically appeared in gossip columns because of his sometimes turbulent private life . During the Second World War , he worked on the rehabilitation of injured troops , especially aiding amputees like himself . Marshall received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1960 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "63436afcb5e4288d1198079cc1b8b72d", "text": "Felix Aylmer Sir Felix Edward Aylmer Jones , OBE ( 21 February 1889 -- 2 September 1979 ) , known as Felix Aylmer , was an English stage actor who also appeared in the cinema and on television . Aylmer made appearances in films with comedians such as Will Hay and George Formby .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "33030e2912e46d4a263ca54c5dcf8384", "text": "Dominic Marsh Dominic Marsh '' ' is an English actor", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8a19d592dc6bfdcc92cd8b0120eea58d", "text": "Peter Reynolds (actor) Peter Reynolds ( 16 August 1926 -- 22 April 1975 ) was a British actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2aa03b32e23a50d0151854cd0f9f624a", "text": "Barry Howard Barry Frederick Howard ( 9 July 1937 -- 28 April 2016 ) was an English actor . He was best known for his role as Barry Stuart-Hargreaves in the first seven series of the long-running BBC sitcom Hi-de-Hi ! , in which his deadpan comedy style and classic facial expressions made him a popular character .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "40eb22ffc0b53e433a4152fe38514c5b", "text": "Brendan Cauldwell Brendan Cauldwell ( 25 October 1922 -- 12 January 2006 ) was an Irish radio , film and television actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5c51579620c92fb6144d06a24fcf84e6", "text": "Nathaniel Parker Nathaniel Parker ( born 18 May 1962 ) is an English stage and screen actor best known for playing Detective Inspector Thomas `` Tommy '' Lynley in the BBC crime drama series The Inspector Lynley Mysteries .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "16f93cddb1e8b5c0f126f03fab202197", "text": "Matthew Wolfenden Matthew Wolfenden ( born 5 May 1980 ) is an English actor best known for his role as David Metcalfe in the British soap opera Emmerdale .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5521340ec9b494d3de0adc1bc59b1561", "text": "Marcus Patrick Marcus Patrick ( born Patrick Marcus Osborne , 5 June 1974 , Bath , Somerset ) is an English actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a39f2b1bcb508933901ced210e07dbee", "text": "Justin Edwards (actor) Justin Matthew Edwards ( born 1972 ) is an English actor and writer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e91d1f4cb457d9bebd3f7cf71f2ed7b7", "text": "Blake Ritson Blake Adam Ritson ( born 14 January 1978 ) is an English actor and director .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "34c2ad0fadaa207c4e4922b7b1f103e9", "text": "Roy Marsden Roy Marsden ( born Roy Anthony Mould ; 25 June 1941 ) is an English actor , who is probably best known for his portrayal of Adam Dalgliesh in the Anglia Television dramatisations of P. D. James 's detective novels .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d28233b57364a5a87bc4b7a3c9b52d3b", "text": "Thomas Henty Thomas Henty ( 19January 195613August 1988 ) was an English actor , and the son of the magician and prop comedian Tommy Cooper . Born Thomas John Cooper , he attended Sutton Court Primary School in Chiswick and Latymer Upper School , Hammersmith . He went on to appear alongside his famous father in an episode of the Thames Television variety series London Night Out in 1979 , as well as in four episodes of the series Cooper 's Half Hour in 1980 , also for Thames . He also acted as occasional stage manager to his father , and was backstage when Cooper died in front of a live television audience at Her Majesty 's Theatre on 15April 1984 . In addition to his work with his father , Henty was an actor in his own right . His desire to make his own mark in the field was behind his decision to adopt his mother 's maiden name . In an archive interview with the television personality Frank Bough , included in the ITV documentary The Unforgettable Tommy Cooper ( 2001 ) , Henty explained that he did not want people in the acting profession to know that he was Cooper 's son , presumably because he was fearful of claims of nepotism . Henty made appearances in episodes of the popular British television series Robin of Sherwood ( 1984 ) and Just Good Friends ( 1986 ) , as well as the British film Bellman and True ( 1987 ) . His role in Bellman and True was his last . In 1988 Henty 's marriage collapsed after seven years . Just six weeks later he died suddenly on 13 August 1988 , aged just 32 , of haemophilia , following complications caused by liver failure . Doctors had attempted to pump seventy pints of new blood into his body , but the blood failed to clot and after three days his mother took the decision to have his life support machine switched off , just four years after his well-known father Tommy Cooper died . He left a six-year-old son , Tam Henty ( born in 1982 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a72142050c9fd269615eb434fa11e9a1", "text": "James Wilby James Jonathon Wilby ( born 20 February 1958 ) is an English film , television and theatre actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ec9713dfa60146ed45fc073caf0a7339", "text": "Michael Simkins Michael Simkins ( born 4 February 1957 ) is an English actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fa6ef4ea3650e1d6c0ae50764d047178", "text": "John Sumner (actor born 1951) John Sumner ( born 14 October 1951 ) is an English actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a412dc7ccff10538880fab80cbf5e45", "text": "Lorcan Cranitch Lorcan Cranitch ( born 28 August 1959 ) is an Irish actor . Born in Dublin , Lorcan Cranitch became involved in drama while a student , and in 1980 , he moved to London where he trained at RADA . His first major role on British television was as Tim Healy in the 1991 BBC drama series , Parnell and the Englishwoman . It was as the troubled DS Jimmy Beck in Cracker ( 1993-1995 ) that he became a familiar face to viewers . When he informed the producers of his intention to leave the show following the second season , his character was killed off in a spectacular suicide scene in October 1995 . Following Cracker , he returned to the BBC in a part specially written for him , as Sean Dillon in Ballykissangel . In 2001 , he starred in the short-lived drama series McCready and Daughter , taking on a role originally intended for his former Ballykissangel co-star , Tony Doyle , who died shortly before the series was due to be filmed . He appeared in several other British television dramas , including Deacon Brodie ( with Billy Connolly ) , Shackleton ( as Frank Wild ) with Kenneth Branagh , Omagh , Hornblower ( with Ioan Gruffudd ) , The Street , Waking the Dead , Spooks , Silent Witness and New Tricks . In 2005 , he took a villainous role in the HBO/BBC production of Rome , as the underworld baron Erastes Fulmen . In the 2009 BBC drama Best : His Mother 's Son , he played Dickie Best , the father of footballer George Best . Lorcan briefly appeared as DI Littlejohn in the Sky Atlantic Series , Fortitude . On film he has appeared in Dancing at Lughnasa with Meryl Streep , The Playboys and Titanic Town . In 2016 , he appeared in season 5 episode 7 of the BBC series Death in Paradise . He has combined this with stage work with The Royal National Theatre , The Royal Shakespeare Company , Donmar West End , and The Abbey and The Gate theatres in Dublin . He is married to Susan Jackson , a journalist and newsreader with RTÉ . The couple adopted an Ethiopian child in 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "112ae6681cccb616d2e2cfa8d257990c", "text": "Derrick De Marney Derrick R E A De Marney ( 21 September 1906 -- 18 February 1978 ) was an English stage and film actor and producer , of French and Irish ancestry .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3973d0a0eb8e4386f181b28ac01b2a84", "text": "Patrick O'Kane Patrick O'Kane is an Irish actor who was born in 1965 in Belfast , Northern Ireland . He attended St Malachy 's grammar school where he discovered a love of acting and then attended Manchester University , graduating with double honours in Drama and English . This was followed by training at the Central School of Speech and Drama . He has been part of the companies of the Royal National Theatre , where he appeared in The Playboy of the Western World and Peer Gynt , and the Royal Shakespeare Company , where he played the title role in Macbeth . At the Royal Exchange Theatre , Manchester , he gave an `` eye-catching '' , `` triumphant '' performance in the title role of Christopher Marlowe 's Doctor Faustus in 2010 . In London 's West End , he has appeared in War Horse . He played John Proctor in the Lyric Theatre , Belfast 's production of Arthur Miller 's The Crucible , opening the theatre 's new performance space in April 2011 to rave reviews and receiving a nomination for best actor in the Irish Theatre Awards for his performance . In October 2011 O'Kane appeared to great acclaim in the lead role of `` 16 Possible Glimpses '' at the Abbey Theatre in Dublin http://www.abbeytheatre.ie/whats_on/event/16_possible_glimpses/ In May 2012 He appeared as J. Bruce Ismay in Owen McCafferty 's Titanic ( Scenes from the British Wreck Commissioner 's Inquiry , 1912 ) at the newly opened MAC art 's venue in Belfast and will be performing in Owen McCafferty 's play `` Quietly '' in the Abbey Theatre in October 2012 . In addition to his extensive stage work , O'Kane has appeared in the movies ( most recently in ` Prometheus ' ) and on television in many parts including ` Game of Thrones ' , seasons two and three of ` The Borgias ' , series nine of the popular BBC `` New Tricks '' and the upcoming BBC detective series `` The Fall '' set in Northern Ireland . He won a Nesta Fellowship in 2005 and has released a book `` Actor 's Voices '' a series of conversations with modern actors ( Oberon Press 2012 ) He has also been in season 3 of HBO series Game of Thrones , playing as the new face of Jaqen H'ghar .", "title": "" } ]	fever
e942ed9a4f5ef566d41c0a8fc93a25a1	Mark Cuban is an author.	[ { "docid": "d7247d1aa1ac1329d844ad6dbbe26da5", "text": "Mark Cuban Mark Cuban ( born July 31 , 1958 ) is an American businessman , investor , author , television personality , and philanthropist . He is the owner of the NBA 's Dallas Mavericks , co-owner of 2929 Entertainment and chairman of the AXS TV . He is also one of the main `` shark '' investors on the ABC reality television series , Shark Tank . In 2011 , Cuban wrote an e-book , How to Win at the Sport of Business , in which he chronicles his life experiences in business and sports .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "7dd897f956619ae765b8dfce3e43ee3c", "text": "Manhattan Transfer (novel) Manhattan Transfer is an American novel by John Dos Passos published in 1925 . It focuses on the development of urban life in New York City from the Gilded Age to the Jazz Age as told through a series of overlapping individual stories . It is considered to be one of Dos Passos ' most important works . The book attacks the consumerism and social indifference of contemporary urban life , portraying a Manhattan that is merciless yet teeming with energy and restlessness . The book shows some of Dos Passos ' experimental writing techniques and narrative collages that would become more pronounced in his U.S.A. trilogy and other later works . The technique in Manhattan Transfer was inspired in part by James Joyce 's Ulysses ( 1922 ) , T. S. Eliot 's The Waste Land , and experiments with film collage by Soviet director Sergei Eisenstein . Sinclair Lewis described it as `` a novel of the very first importance ... The dawn of a whole new school of writing . '' D. H. Lawrence called it `` the best modern book about New York '' he had ever read , describing it as `` a very complete film ... of the vast loose gang of strivers and winners and losers which seems to be the very pep of New York . '' In a blurb for a European edition , Ernest Hemingway wrote that , alone among American writers , Dos Passos has `` been able to show to Europeans the America they really find when they come here . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "efd4b924f011d4b8db63741c9051f604", "text": "Carole Maso Carole Maso is a contemporary American novelist and essayist , known for her experimental , poetic and fragmentary narratives often called postmodern . She received a B.A. in English from Vassar College in 1977 . She is the recipient of a Lannan Literary Fellowship for Fiction , an NEA fellowship , and several other grants . Her first published novel was Ghost Dance , which appeared in 1986 . Her best known novel is probably Defiance , published in 1998 . She is a professor of literary arts at Brown University , where she has taught since 1995 , and has previously held positions as a writer-in-residence at Illinois State University in 1991 -- 92 and George Washington University in 1992 -- 93 , as well as teaching writing at Columbia University in 1993 . A forthcoming novel , The Bay of Angels , incorporates various narrative types -- essay , memoir , prose poems , and even graphics -- and represents nearly 15 years of work . Parts of The Bay of Angels have appeared in journals and anthologies . Maso was born in Paterson , New Jersey in 1955 , the child of her jazz musician father and her emergency room nurse mother . Maso admits she was not an avid reader in childhood . Indeed , she did not write creatively until her senior year at Vassar , when she submitted about 50 pages of prose poems as her senior honors thesis . It is at this point that she knew she wanted to be a writer . Maso eschewed the traditional path to teaching , having never studied formally beyond her Vassar B.A. , despite having been offered a graduate fellowship at Boston University . Rather , she devoted 9 years to learning the craft by doing , writing while alternately working as a waitress , artist 's model , and fencing instructor . She also did some house - and cat-sitting , which afforded her time to write . Maso has referred to this period as her `` apprenticeship years . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "df9e8e14a4ab61340db40c8a408e8d7c", "text": "Cuba Libre (novel) Cuba Libre is a 1998 historical novel written by Elmore Leonard . The story takes place in 1898 , immediately before the outbreak of the Spanish -- American War .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2059ee4d51df98cc0d68267e52bdea6c", "text": "Mark M. Ford Mark Morgan Ford , also Mark Ford and Michael Masterson , is an American author , entrepreneur , publisher , real estate investor , filmmaker , art collector , and consultant to the direct marketing and publishing industries . Ford is the author of essays and books on entrepreneurship , wealth-building , economics , and copywriting . He has also written a book of poetry and a book on word use titled Words that Work . Ford 's business writing is published under the pen name Michael Masterson . His books , Automatic Wealth and Ready , Fire , Aim , were recognized on the Wall Street Journal and New York Times Best Sellers lists . Ford is active in real estate development both in the United States and abroad . Since 1993 , he has been the chief growth strategist for Agora , Inc. , a publisher of newsletters and books . In 2014 , Ford co-wrote the comedic coming-of-age film After Midnight with Steve Cabrera .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3fc4c40b94102ee63f826ef9166e468a", "text": "Norwegian Cuba Association The Norwegian Cuba Association ( Cubaforeningen i Norge , Asociación de amistad Noruego-Cubana ) is a Norwegian advocacy group . Established on 17 April 1964 as Norsk-Cubansk Forening , its purpose is to `` further the friendship between Norway and Cuba '' and to spread information about the `` real Cuba '' . It publishes the magazine Cuba Nytt , and arranges for groups known as `` brigades '' to travel to Cuba . It condemns the United States embargo against Cuba , demands the extradition of Luis Posada Carriles and the release of the Cuban 5 , and supports a campaign to award the Nobel Peace Prize to Fidel Castro . Harboring several viewpoints that do not directly pertain to Cuba , the organization supports the Bolivarian Revolution in Venezuela , opposes the Colombian Uribe government as well as the Iraq War , and calls for a boycott of Israel through membership in the network Boikott Israel .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "307ea4c9e5db75c8d4a070f953403bb3", "text": "Cuban packages The Cuban packages ( 1972 ) was a Chilean smuggling scandal , involving President Salvador Allende , his Minister of the Interior , Hernán del Canto and the Director of the Civil Police Eduardo Paredes . It was cited by the authors of the Chamber of Deputies ' Declaration of the Breakdown of Chile 's Democracy as one of the instances of government officials ' illegality . The packages turned out to have contained automatic weapons , grenades and ammunition destined to form a small `` revolutionary '' army in Chile . These specific packages were just the tip of the iceberg of a constant smuggling of weapons from Cuba that were delivered regularly twice a week via Cubana de Aviación , hidden inside the diplomatic pouches .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "54029d68ff285a39b101dca75f586678", "text": "Mark Thompson (historian) Mark Thompson ( born 1959 ) is an award-winning British historian . The most recent of his four books is Birth Certificate : The Story of Danilo Kis ( 2013 ) , which was described by Adam Thirlwell , in a lead review in the Times Literary Supplement , as `` a great biography of the work as much as the life '' . The White War . Life and Death on the Italian Front , 1915-1919 ( 2008 ) is the first comprehensive narrative history in English of the part played by Italy in World War I . It was selected as Book of the Week by The Guardian newspaper , and hailed there as `` magnificent ... original , masterly and definitive . '' Forging War ( 1999 ) is an account of the media manipulation that took place before and during the Wars of Yugoslav Succession . A Paper House ( 1992 ) is a political travelogue which describes the federal republic of Yugoslavia upon the brink of dissolution . Thompson has also edited , with Louis Mackay , Something in the Wind : Politics after Chernobyl ( 1988 ) , and has translated fiction from French , Italian and Croatian . His CV includes stints as the head of media analysis for the biggest peacekeeping mission mounted by the United Nations ( UNPROFOR ) , in 1994 and 1995 ; the first political officer to serve with the UN 's smallest peacekeeping mission ( UNMOP ) in 1997 ; the spokesman and head of media affairs for the mission to Croatia of the Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe ( OSCE ) in 1998 and 1999 ; and the Balkans Program Director of the International Crisis Group ( ICG ) in 2000 and 2001 . In 2015 , Thompson took up a position as Reader in Modern History at the University of East Anglia ( half time ) . He lives in Oxford , where he supervises a small number of undergraduate and graduate students at the Faculty of History . Thompson is an alumnus of Merchant Taylors ' School , Northwood .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "40cd9972c10a1815a903d213f039ce84", "text": "Mark Frost Mark Frost ( born November 25 , 1953 ) is an American novelist , screenwriter , director and film producer , best known as a writer for the television series Hill Street Blues and as the co-creator of the television series Twin Peaks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3483dac8d78b4031973fd48b64baded3", "text": "Normando Hernández González Normando Hernández González ( born Camagüey , October 21 , 1969 ) is a Cuban writer and journalist who now lives in the United States . He was the youngest of 75 persons rounded up by Cuban authorities on March 18 , 2003 , a day that is now commonly known as `` Black Spring . '' Arrested for having criticized conditions under the Fidel Castro government , he was held for seven years in various prisons , from 2003 to 2010 . During his incarceration , he spent long periods in solitary confinement and was subject to beatings and torture . Released in 2010 as a result of efforts by the Catholic Church and the government of Spain , Hernández spent several months in Madrid , where , he later said , he and his family were treating abusively by Spanish authorities , whom he accused of serving as accomplices to `` the Castro brothers . '' In 2011 , he accepted asylum in the U.S , where he founded the Cuban Institute for Freedom of Expression and the Press and the Cuban Foundation for Human Rights and became a Reagan-Fascell Democracy Fellow at the National Endowment for Democracy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7dfa63a81d744e6784e12ee95a5705c5", "text": "Mark Abley Mark Abley ( born 13 May 1955 ) is a Canadian poet , journalist , editor and non-fiction writer . His latest book of non-fiction is Conversations with a Dead Man : The Legacy of Duncan Campbell Scott , published in November 2013 . Born in Warwickshire , England , he moved to Canada as a small boy and grew up in Lethbridge , Alberta and Saskatoon , Saskatchewan . He attended the University of Saskatchewan from which he won a Rhodes Scholarship in 1975 . He won prizes for his poetry while a student at St John 's College , Oxford , and began to write full-time after moving to Toronto in 1978 . He has been a contributing editor of both Maclean 's and Saturday Night magazines , and a regular contributor to the Times Literary Supplement . In 1996 he won Canada 's National Newspaper Award for critical writing . Since 1983 Abley has lived in the Montreal area . For sixteen years he worked as a feature writer and book-review editor at the Montreal Gazette . He returned to freelance writing in 2003 , though he continues to write columns on language issues for the Gazette . In 2009 he joined McGill-Queen 's University Press as a part-time acquisition editor . He became the first-ever writer-in-residence for the city of Pointe-Claire in 2010-11 . He has written four books of poetry , two children 's books , and several books of non-fiction . The best-known is probably Spoken Here : Travels Among Threatened Languages ( 2003 ) , in which Abley showcases people and cultures whose languages are at risk of vanishing in an era of globalization . Abley poses the question : should anybody care that thousands of languages are at risk ? Spoken Here : Travels Among Threatened Languages was short-listed for the Grand Prix du Livre de Montreal and the Pearson Writers ' Trust Non-Fiction Prize . It was translated into French , Spanish and Japanese , and was largely responsible for Abley being awarded the LiberPress Prize for international authors in Girona , Spain , in October 2009 . Abley has given lectures at Oxford University , Cambridge University , Ohio State University , McGill University , and elsewhere . In 2005 he was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship for research into language change . His book The Prodigal Tongue : Dispatches from the Future of English appeared in May 2008 . It was praised as `` fascinating '' in The Times ( London ) , and hailed by William Safire in The New York Times . In August 2009 Abley published a children 's book about words and their origins , Camp Fossil Eyes . Abley has edited several books , including When Earth Leaps Up and A Woman Clothed in Words by Anne Szumigalski ; he was Szumigalski 's literary executor . Over the years he has led workshops for the Quebec Writers ' Federation , the Maritime Writers ' Workshop and the Banff Centre for the Arts . In 2010 Abley began to research the complex legacy of a troubling figure from the Canadian past , Duncan Campbell Scott , a poet who ran the Department of Indian Affairs for many years and is sometimes accused of cultural genocide . The result is a book of creative nonfiction entitled Conversations with a Dead Man : The Legacy of Duncan Campbell Scott . It appeared in November 2013 and won high praise from reviewers . In 2015 Coteau Books published `` The Tongues of Earth , '' a volume of new and selected poems . It made an implicit claim for Abley 's status not only as a prose writer but as a poet too . In 2016 it was shortlisted for the Fred Cogswell Award for literary excellence . Abley is now at work on a new book about language and a memoir of his father .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dabc818ac7e7bf281157ff7ddba5aedd", "text": "Humberto Fontova Humberto Fontova ( born 1954 ) is a Cuban-American author , blogger , political commentator , and conservative polemicist . A critic of the Castro regime , many of his works are aimed at correcting the record to what he contends is the unreported and inaccurate portrayal of Castro 's Cuba . Fontova is a frequent contributor to several websites and has made guest appearances on the Glenn Beck Program and Fox News show Hannity and Colmes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f3cf273bcf660be7a30db91247c6755d", "text": "Cuba (song) `` Cuba '' is a 1978 song by The Gibson Brothers taken from their album Cuba . It was the group 's first charting single reaching number 41 in the UK upon its original release however following the success of their following top 10 hit songs `` Ooh , What a Life '' and `` Que Sera Mi Vida ( If You Should Go ) '' it was re-released in 1980 where it reached number 12 in the UK with Better Do It Salsa , however , its chart performance did not improve in the U.S.", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ec96ccd60ade4a17cd5be19ae20d32a2", "text": "Havana Times Havana Times is an independent Cuban blog and online magazine founded in 2008 . The online publication is edited in Nicaragua . Most of its contributors live in Havana , Santiago de Cuba and Guantanamo . There are also Cuban contributors in Venezuela , the Dominican Republic , Ecuador and Mexico and volunteer translators in the Netherlands , the United States and England .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4be68438487f05017664713c5dea4828", "text": "Mark Moran (writer) Mark Moran is a co-creator of the Weird N.J. magazine and website . Moran , along with co-creator Mark Sceurman , started Weird N.J. as a homemade newsletter , passed out to family and friends . It was produced as an annual issue . The `` zine '' as they called it , contains articles , facts , and legends about weird places to visit in New Jersey . He is a lifetime New Jersey resident , who grew up in Livingston , New Jersey and graduated from Parsons School of Design . His Internet success led him to co-create and co-star in the History Channel show Weird U.S. . In 2003 , Moran and Sceurman published their first book , Weird N.J. : Your Travel Guide to New Jersey 's Local Legends and Best Kept Secrets . The book was well-received , and soon the travel writers began to receive submissions from other states . Weird U.S. : Your Travel Guide to America 's Local Legends and Best Kept Secrets was the result of such fandom . It was published in 2004 by Barnes & Noble Press . In 2005-2006 , the writers of Weird U.S. released a calendar based on the book .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d3139e6422909cc5128ec5444e6afca", "text": "John Beverley (Latin Americanist) John Randolph Beverley II is a literary and cultural critic who works at the University of Pittsburgh . He is a professor of Spanish and Latin American Literature and Cultural Studies as well as an adjunct professor in the English and communication departments . He was influential in co-founding the Latin American subaltern studies group as well as a founding member of the Graduate Program in Cultural Studies at the University of Pittsburgh . PhD , University of California at San Diego . Visiting professor at Stanford University , University of California -- San Diego , Universidad Andina Simon Bolivar , University of Minnesota , University of Washington . No one who has read the work of John Beverley will doubt his importance as one of the most key U.S.-based Latin Americanist cultural and literary theorists of his generation . But what is the nature of that importance ? Overall it is his commitment to revolutionary changes that would end the differences between rich and poor in Latin America and make a new and revolutionary democratic culture corresponding to the people 's economic and political democratic revolutions . It is this dual emphasis on democracy and the people -- the workers , the masses , los de abajo , the multitude , and ultimately , his preferred designation , the subalter -- that distinguishes his work as a Latin Americanist . Born into a prosperous Anglo American family residing in South America , he became sensitive to the poverty and misery in which so many lived even as he had all the benefits of his class and caste . In this sense , his life goal has been to negate such differences . As a non-Hispanic student of Spanish literature , he gradually turned to Latin American themes , but always relating them to Spanish , but also U.S. , European and worldwide concerns as he knew them more than most from his special point of enunciation . At Princeton and then at the University of California , San Diego , he focused on Spanish Peninsular literature with the likes of Américo Castro , Carlos Blanco Aguinaga , and Claudio Guillén ; and he ventured to study with the young Fredric Jameson who was developing sophisticated methods for a rich Marxist approach to cultural and literary phenomena . The first result was a fine Marxist interpretation of Gongora 's Soledades as his dissertation and first book . But early on , the center of his interests began to drift from Spain to Latin America , impelled by the political hopes of the 60s and 70s and given weight by his application of his understanding of the Baroque to the development and structural situation of literature as a colonial and postcolonial institution in the Americas . Probably his early interest was spurred on by the dichotomy Américo Castro claimed existed in the Spanish literary tradition between state-centered officialist castizo structures and those emanating from converso and other trends helped lead him to examine the relation of literature to different social groups and structures of power . As a self-proclaimed Marxist and activist , he developed his literary work in relation to the Institute of Ideologies and Literatures in Minnesota , seeking to find progressive dimensions of literature and criticism that transcended state-centered powers of structure . That effort culminated in his Del Lazarillo a Sandinismo and his book with Marc Zimmerman , Literature and Politics in the Central American Revolutions . But that book also marked the limit of his hopes in Latin America 's Marxism and in literature as he began to doubt the very social groups of letrados which both produced the area 's cultural leftism and even its most leftist literature . Already Beverley had written crucial texts on a form of literature which was in some ways anti-literature , the testimonio , a subject which becomes central to the question of popular representation in Literature and Politics . But along with his literary concerns came his growing suspicion that Latin America 's own ideological structures prevented the area 's most progressive intellectuals from grasping their own reality -- a position not received very favorably by his Latin American intellectual colleagues and friends . With the end of the cold war , the defeat of the Sandinistas and the full emergence of postmodern perspectives in Latin Americanist discourse , he produced a key collection called The Post-Modern Debate in Latin America . While working on that text , he along with Ileana Rodríguez and others , co-founded the Latin American Subaltern Studies group , seeking a new post-cold war/post-sandinista post/postmodedrn theorization of the relations between culture , literature and political possibility , which he and other members ( following Ernesto Laclau and others involved in cultural studies theory , but above all the South Asian Subaltern studies Group -- at first through Gayatri Spivack and then more directly through R. Guha and others ) saw as centered not directly on social classes but on the social groups and movements that struggled for empowerment and expression in the Americas . A first articulation of his evolving views came with the publication of the provocative Against Literature , a transitional work which , from a subalternist perspective , poses literature and existing literary studies ( even leftwing versions ) as implicated in hegemonic modernization projects at odds with subaltern positions . This view , now developed in relation to developing Latin American cultural studies discourse and in relation to the full emergence of globalization as the new macro-narrative of the post-postmodern period , became the subject of Subalternity and Representation , which appeared in 1999 . The Latin American subaltern group dissolved early in our new century , but Beverley has continued working , co-developing a Pittsburgh University Press book series called `` Illuminations : Cultural Formations of the Americas , '' publishing a new collection on Cuban literature , re-publishing his book with Hugo Achugar on testimonio , and completing his own definitive take on the theme , in Testimonio : The Politics of Truth ( 2004 ) . Meanwhile , he has kept abreast of all the polemics surrounding Latin American Cultural Studies in relation to globalization and the new lefts in Latin America , culminating in his recent volume , Latin Americanism after 9/11 . This volume argues for a new situation for Latin America in the emerging global order , especially in view of Chavez , Evo Morales and the other new left figures which have emerged in recent years and have threatened older paradigms of left and right that circulated in previous decades . This small book is replete with acute analyses of the failed politics of Zapatismo , and the `` neo-conservative turn '' which he imputes to his arielist antagonists on the Latin American left . Beverley has always found the polemical edge to make his voice heard . He has been probably the major target of his friends and students seeking to up their cultural capital by mounting arguments against his views . At times depressed by the constant debates , but pleased ever to be part of them , he repeatedly speaks of ending his Latin Americanist effort , only to try again as he ... keeps on rollin ' on .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "74595f93b4395d16b79d94440bc5c7a9", "text": "Academia Cubana de la Lengua The Academia Cubana de la Lengua ( Spanish for Cuban Academy of Language ) is an association of academics and experts on the use of the Spanish language in Cuba . It was founded in Havana on May 19 , 1926 . It is a member of the Association of Spanish Language Academies . Category : Spanish language academies Category : Cuban literature Category : Organizations established in 1926 Category : Cuba -- Spain relations", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4fe2b9fe2bb420a2db234d54100ca8f4", "text": "Cuban art Cuban art is an exceptionally diverse cultural blend of African , South American , European and North American elements , reflecting the diverse demographic makeup of the island . Cuban artists embraced European modernism , and the early part of the 20th century saw a growth in Cuban vanguardist movements , which were characterized by the mixing of modern artistic genres . Some of the more celebrated 20th-century Cuban artists include Amelia Peláez ( 1896 -- 1968 ) , best known for a series of mural projects , and painter Wifredo Lam ( Dec 8,1902 -- September 11 , 1982 ) , who created a highly personal version of modern primitivism . The Cuban born painter Federico Beltran Masses ( 1885-1949 ) , was renowned as a colourist whose seductive portrayals of women sometimes made overt references to the tropical settings of his childhood . Better known internationally is the work of photographer Alberto Korda , whose photographs following the early days of the Cuban Revolution included a picture of Che Guevara which was to become one of the most recognizable images of the 20th century . There is a flourishing street art movement influenced by Latin American artists José Guadalupe Posada and the muralist Diego Rivera . After the Cuban Revolution of 1959 , some artists felt it was in their best interests to leave Cuba and produce their art , while others stayed behind , either happy or merely content to be creating art in Cuba , which was sponsored by the government . Because it was state sponsored , an implied censorship occurred , since artists would n't want to make art that was against the revolutionary movement as that was the source of their funding . It was during the 1980s in which art began to reflect true uninfluenced expression . The `` rebirth '' of expression in Cuban art was greatly affected by the emergence of a new generation of Cuban , which did not remember the revolution directly . In 1981 Cubans saw the introduction of `` Volumen Uno '' , a series of one man exhibitions featuring contemporary Cuban artists . Three years later , the introduction of the `` Havana Bienal '' assisted in the further progression of the liberation of art and free speech therein .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d133c226f8aea0083555201cad2cf638", "text": "Hill & Wang Hill & Wang is an American book publishing company focused on American history , world history , and politics . It is a division of Farrar , Straus and Giroux . Hill & Wang was founded as an independent publishing house in 1956 by Arthur Wang ( 1917/18 -- 2005 ) and Lawrence Hill , who were both working at A. A. Wyn . They bought backlist books from Wyn and started Dramabooks , publishing plays in trade paperback , then a new format . The series included Jean Cocteau , Arthur L. Kopit and Lanford Wilson . In 1959 , Arthur Wang acquired Elie Wiesel 's Holocaust memoir , Night , which had been turned down by several English-language publishers , publishing it in 1960 . They continued to build the Hill & Wang list to include such authors as Roland Barthes , Langston Hughes , and American historians Stanley Kutler and William Cronon . In 1971 , the two sold Hill & Wang to Farrar , Straus and Giroux , and the imprint continues to be recognized for its high quality nonfiction . More recently , it has published authors such as Cass Sunstein , Philip Gura , John Allen Paulos , Melvyn Leffler , Thomas Bender , William Poundstone , Woody Holton , and Eric Rauchway . The imprint also launched a graphic line , `` Novel Graphics , '' when it published a graphic adaptation of the 9/11 Commission Report by Sid Jacobson and Ernie Colón . It has since published several graphic biographies and works of graphic journalism , and a graphic adaptation of the United States Constitution .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2ca2faf8d3a5983c6b2ec429517b7ffe", "text": "La Demajagua (newspaper) La Demajagua is the official Cuban newspaper of the provincial committee of the Cuban Communist Party in Granma Province . It is published in Spanish and English . It was named after the homonym sugar mill , near Manzanillo , in which Carlos Manuel de Céspedes issued his cry of independence , the `` 10th of October Manifesto '' , in 1868 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "304c97ee5f4d8ae38d44a804847de6a7", "text": "Cuban migration to Miami Cuban immigration has greatly characterized modern Miami , creating what is known as `` Cuban Miami . '' However , Miami reflects global trends as well , such as the growing trends of multiculturalism and multiracialism ; this reflects the way in which international politics shape local communities . Essentially , the coexistence of growth and internationalization within Miami has perpetuated an ethnically driven social polarization . The growing number of Cubans in Miami have remained loyal to their cultural norms , mores , customs , language , and religious affiliations . The transnational force of immigration defines Miami as a growing metropolis , and the 20th century Cuban influx has greatly affected Miami 's growth . As of 2012 , there were 1.2 million Cubans in Greater Miami . As of that year , about 400,000 had arrived after 1980 .", "title": "" } ]	fever
8d64d6af282c089568292b518a909d10	Most species on Earth have not been described.	[ { "docid": "f22b617095edee8b00b49f55aa420364", "text": "Earth Earth ( from Eorðe -LSB- Γαῖα , Gaia -RSB- Terra ) , otherwise known as the World or the Globe , is the third planet from the Sun and the only object in the Universe known to harbor life . It is the densest planet in the Solar System and the largest of the four terrestrial planets . According to radiometric dating and other sources of evidence , Earth formed about 4.54 billion years ago . Earth 's gravity interacts with other objects in space , especially the Sun and the Moon , Earth 's only natural satellite . During one orbit around the Sun , Earth rotates about its axis over 365 times ; thus , an Earth year is about 365.26 days long . Earth 's axis of rotation is tilted , producing seasonal variations on the planet 's surface . The gravitational interaction between the Earth and Moon causes ocean tides , stabilizes the Earth 's orientation on its axis , and gradually slows its rotation . Earth 's lithosphere is divided into several rigid tectonic plates that migrate across the surface over periods of many millions of years . About 71 % of Earth 's surface is covered with water , mostly by its oceans . The remaining 29 % is land consisting of continents and islands that together have many lakes , rivers and other sources of water that contribute to the hydrosphere . The majority of Earth 's polar regions are covered in ice , including the Antarctic ice sheet and the sea ice of the Arctic ice pack . Earth 's interior remains active with a solid iron inner core , a liquid outer core that generates the Earth 's magnetic field , and a convecting mantle that drives plate tectonics . Within the first billion years of Earth 's history , life appeared in the oceans and began to affect the Earth 's atmosphere and surface , leading to the proliferation of aerobic and anaerobic organisms . Some geological evidence indicates that life may have arisen as much as 4.1 billion years ago . Since then , the combination of Earth 's distance from the Sun , physical properties , and geological history have allowed life to evolve and thrive . In the history of the Earth , biodiversity has gone through long periods of expansion , occasionally punctuated by mass extinction events . Over 99 % of all species that ever lived on Earth are extinct . Estimates of the number of species on Earth today vary widely ; most species have not been described . Over 7.4 billion humans live on Earth and depend on its biosphere and minerals for their survival . Humans have developed diverse societies and cultures ; politically , the world has about 200 sovereign states .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "b4490498aa70011d2b1452e0dd6ec07a", "text": "Microorganism A microorganism or microbe is a microscopic organism , which may be single-celled or multicellular . The study of microorganisms is called microbiology , a subject that began with the discovery of microorganisms in the 1670s by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek . Robert Hooke coined the term `` cell '' after viewing plant cells under his microscope . Later , in the 19th century , Louis Pasteur found that microorganisms caused food spoilage , debunking the theory of spontaneous generation . In 1876 Robert Koch discovered that microorganisms cause diseases . Microorganisms are very diverse and include all bacteria , archaea and most protozoa . This group also contains some fungi , algae , and some micro-animals such as rotifers . Many macroscopic animals and plants have microscopic juvenile stages . Some microbiologists classify viruses and viroids as microorganisms , but others consider these as nonliving . In July 2016 , scientists identified a set of 355 genes from the last universal common ancestor of all life , including microorganisms , living on Earth . Microorganisms live in every part of the biosphere , including soil , hot springs , inside rocks at least 12 mi deep underground , the deepest parts of the ocean , and at least 40 mi high in the atmosphere . Microorganisms , under certain test conditions , have been observed to thrive in the vacuum of outer space . Microorganisms likely far outweigh all other living things combined . The mass of prokaryote microorganisms including the bacteria and archaea may be as much as 0.8 trillion tons of carbon , out of the total biomass of between 1 and 4 trillion tons . Microorganisms appear to thrive in the Mariana Trench , the deepest spot in the Earth 's oceans . Other researchers reported related studies that microorganisms thrive inside rocks up to 580 m below the sea floor under 2590 m of ocean off the coast of the northwestern United States , as well as 2400 m beneath the seabed off Japan . In August 2014 , scientists confirmed the existence of microorganisms living 800 m below the ice of Antarctica . According to one researcher , `` You can find microbes everywhere -- they 're extremely adaptable to conditions , and survive wherever they are . '' Microorganisms are crucial to nutrient recycling in ecosystems as they act as decomposers . As some microorganisms can fix nitrogen , they are a vital part of the nitrogen cycle , and recent studies indicate that airborne microorganisms may play a role in precipitation and weather . Microorganisms are also exploited in biotechnology , both in traditional food and beverage preparation , and in modern technologies based on genetic engineering . A small proportion of microorganisms are pathogenic , causing disease and even death in plants and animals .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e0d2cc8cf0cf3ca4572ef6cb4e4f138", "text": "Endemism Endemism is the ecological state of a species being unique to a defined geographic location , such as an island , nation , country or other defined zone , or habitat type ; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsewhere . The extreme opposite of endemism is cosmopolitan distribution . An alternative term for a species that is endemic is precinctive , which applies to species ( and subspecific categories ) that are restricted to a defined geographical area . The word endemic is from New Latin endēmicus , from Greek ενδήμος , endēmos , `` native '' . Endēmos is formed of en meaning `` in '' , and dēmos meaning `` the people '' . The term , precinctive , has been suggested by some scientists , and was first used in botany by MacCaughey in 1917 . It is the equivalent of `` endemism '' . Precinction was perhaps first used by Frank and McCoy . Precinctive seems to have been coined by David Sharp when describing the Hawaiian fauna in 1900 : `` I use the word precinctive in the sense of ` confined to the area under discussion ' ... ` precinctive forms ' means those forms that are confined to the area specified . '' That definition excludes artificial confinement of examples by humans in far-off botanical gardens or zoological parks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "798532bb12c2b7fa3228558c4f1ded92", "text": "Ichthyology Ichthyology ( from Greek : ἰχθύς , ikhthus , `` fish '' ; and λόγος , logos , `` study '' ) , also known as fish science , is the branch of zoology devoted to the study of fish . This includes bony fish ( Osteichthyes ) , cartilaginous fish ( Chondrichthyes ) , and jawless fish ( Agnatha ) . While a large number of species have been discovered , approximately 250 new species are officially described by science each year . According to FishBase , 33,400 species of fish had been described by October 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "167ef1145ce639e66afd5662123ff4ea", "text": "Evolution of birds The evolution of birds began in the Jurassic Period , with the earliest birds derived from a clade of theropoda dinosaurs named Paraves . Birds are categorized as a biological class , Aves . The earliest known is Archaeopteryx lithographica , from the Late Jurassic period , though Archaeopteryx is not commonly considered to have been a true bird . Modern phylogenies place birds in the dinosaur clade Theropoda . According to the current consensus , Aves and a sister group , the order Crocodilia , together are the sole living members of an unranked `` reptile '' clade , the Archosauria . Four distinct lineages of bird survived the Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction event 66 million years ago , giving rise to ostriches and relatives ( Paleognathae ) , ducks and relatives ( Anseriformes ) , ground-living fowl ( Galliformes ) , and `` modern birds '' ( Neoaves ) . Phylogenetically , Aves is usually defined as all descendants of the most recent common ancestor of a specific modern bird species ( such as the house sparrow , Passer domesticus ) , and either Archaeopteryx , or some prehistoric species closer to Neornithes ( to avoid the problems caused by the unclear relationships of Archaeopteryx to other theropods ) . If the latter classification is used then the larger group is termed Avialae . Currently , the relationship between dinosaurs , Archaeopteryx , and modern birds is still under debate .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9475c20ad52041a69cd6b7189333efcb", "text": "Biogeography Biogeography is the study of the distribution of species and ecosystems in geographic space and through ( geological ) time . Organisms and biological communities often vary in a regular fashion along geographic gradients of latitude , elevation , isolation and habitat area . Phytogeography is the branch of biogeography that studies the distribution of plants . Zoogeography is the branch that studies distribution of animals . Knowledge of spatial variation in the numbers and types of organisms is as vital to us today as it was to our early human ancestors , as we adapt to heterogeneous but geographically predictable environments . Biogeography is an integrative field of inquiry that unites concepts and information from ecology , evolutionary biology , geology , and physical geography . Modern biogeographic research combines information and ideas from many fields , from the physiological and ecological constraints on organismal dispersal to geological and climatological phenomena operating at global spatial scales and evolutionary time frames . The short-term interactions within a habitat and species of organisms describe the ecological application of biogeography . Historical biogeography describes the long-term , evolutionary periods of time for broader classifications of organisms . Early scientists , beginning with Carl Linnaeus , contributed to the development of biogeography as a science . Beginning in the mid-18th century , Europeans explored the world and discovered the biodiversity of life . The scientific theory of biogeography grows out of the work of Alexander von Humboldt ( 1769 -- 1859 ) , Hewett Cottrell Watson ( 1804 -- 1881 ) , Alphonse de Candolle ( 1806 -- 1893 ) , Alfred Russel Wallace ( 1823 -- 1913 ) , Philip Lutley Sclater ( 1829 -- 1913 ) and other biologists and explorers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b8035fa5dae8ba9129e9ce566c2a85cf", "text": "Type species In zoological nomenclature , a type species ( species typica ) is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated , i.e. , the species that contains the biological type specimen ( s ) . A similar concept is used for suprageneric groups called a type genus . In botanical nomenclature , these terms have no formal standing under the code of nomenclature , but are sometimes borrowed from zoological nomenclature . In botany , the type of a genus name is a specimen ( or , rarely , an illustration ) which is also the type of a species name . The species name that has that type can also be referred to as the type of the genus name . Names of genus and family ranks , the various subdivisions of those ranks , and some higher-rank names based on genus names , have such types . In bacteriology , a type species is assigned for each genus . Every named genus or subgenus in zoology , whether or not currently recognized as valid , is theoretically associated with a type species . In practice , however , there is a backlog of untypified names defined in older publications when it was not required to specify a type .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0e37e659d0f2652569d4a7212e931b14", "text": "Eurypterid Eurypterids ( sea scorpions ) are an extinct group of arthropods related to arachnids that include the largest known arthropods to have ever lived . They are members of the extinct order Eurypterida ( Chelicerata ) ; which is the most diverse Paleozoic chelicerate order in terms of species . The name Eurypterida comes from the Greek words eury - ( meaning `` broad '' or `` wide '' ) and pteron ( meaning `` wing '' ) . This name was chosen due to the pair of wide swimming appendages on the first fossil eurypterids discovered . The largest , such as Jaekelopterus , reached 2.5 m in length , but most species were less than 20 cm . They were formidable predators that thrived in warm shallow water , in both seas and lakes , from the mid Ordovician to late Permian . Although informally called `` sea scorpions '' , only the earliest ones were marine ( later ones lived in brackish or freshwater ) , and they were not true scorpions . According to theory , the move from the sea to fresh water had probably occurred by the Pennsylvanian subperiod . Eurypterids are believed to have undergone ecdysis , making their significance in ecosystems difficult to assess , because it can be difficult to tell a fossil moult from a true fossil carcass . They became extinct during the Permian -- Triassic extinction event or sometime before the event . Their fossils have a near global distribution . About two dozen families of eurypterids are known . Perhaps the best-known genus of eurypterid is Eurypterus , of which around 16 fossil species are known . The genus Eurypterus was described in 1825 by James Ellsworth De Kay , a zoologist . He recognized the arthropod nature of the first-ever described eurypterid specimen , found by Dr. S. L. Mitchill . In 1984 , that species , Eurypterus remipes was named the state fossil of New York . Pentecopterus decorahensis , which lived as early as 467.3 million years ago , is the oldest described eurypterid ; with an estimated length of 1.83 m , it has been described as `` the first real big predator '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d379d2e5043c8c50fdd8dec04c4a804", "text": "Cryptogam A cryptogam ( scientific name Cryptogamae ) is a plant ( in the wide sense of the word ) that reproduces by spores , without flowers or seeds . `` Cryptogamae '' ( Greek -LSB- : wikt : κρυπτός , κρυπτός -RSB- kryptos , `` hidden '' + -LSB- : wikt : γαμέω , γαμέω -RSB- , gameein , `` to marry '' ) means hidden reproduction , referring to the fact that no seed is produced , thus cryptogams represent the non-seed bearing plants . Other names , such as `` thallophytes '' , `` lower plants '' , and `` spore plants '' are also occasionally used . As a group , Cryptogamae are the opposite of the Phanerogamae ( Greek φανερός , phaneros = `` visible '' ) or Spermatophyta ( Greek -LSB- : wikt : σπέρμα , σπέρμα -RSB- , sperma = `` seed '' and -LSB- : wikt : φυτόν , φυτόν -RSB- , phyton = `` plant '' ) , the seed plants . The best known groups of cryptogams are algae , lichens , mosses and ferns , but it also includes non-photosynthetic organisms traditionally classified as plants , such as fungi , slime molds , and bacteria . At one time , the cryptogams were formally recognised as a group within the plant kingdom . In his system for classification of all known plants and animals , Carl Linnaeus ( 1707 -- 1778 ) divided the plant kingdom into 24 classes , During World War II , the Government Code and Cypher School recruited Geoffrey Tandy , a marine biologist expert in cryptogams , to Station X , Bletchley Park when someone confused these with cryptograms .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1428ddc6d54808f001e25049465019ff", "text": "Natural selection Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype . It is a key mechanism of evolution , the change in heritable traits of a population over time . Charles Darwin popularised the term `` natural selection '' , and compared it with artificial selection . Variation exists within all populations of organisms . This occurs partly because random mutations arise in the genome of an individual organism , and offspring can inherit such mutations . Throughout the lives of the individuals , their genomes interact with their environments to cause variations in traits . The environment of a genome includes the molecular biology in the cell , other cells , other individuals , populations , species , as well as the abiotic environment . Individuals with certain variants of the trait may survive and reproduce more than individuals with other , less successful , variants ; therefore , the population evolves . Factors that affect reproductive success are also important , including sexual selection ( now often included in natural selection ) and fecundity selection . Natural selection acts on the phenotype , or the observable characteristics of an organism , but the genetic ( heritable ) basis of any phenotype that gives a reproductive advantage may become more common in a population . Over time , this process can result in populations that specialise for particular ecological niches ( microevolution ) and may eventually result in speciation ( the emergence of new species , macroevolution ) . In other words , natural selection is a key process in the evolution of a population . Natural selection can be contrasted with artificial selection , in which humans intentionally choose specific traits , whereas in natural selection there is no intentional choice . Natural selection is one of the cornerstones of modern biology . The concept , published by Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace in a joint presentation of papers in 1858 , was elaborated in Darwin 's influential 1859 book On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection , or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life , which described natural selection as analogous to artificial selection , a process by which animals and plants with traits considered desirable by human breeders are systematically favoured for reproduction . The concept of natural selection originally developed in the absence of a valid theory of heredity ; at the time of Darwin 's writing , science had yet to develop modern theories of genetics . The union of traditional Darwinian evolution with subsequent discoveries in classical genetics formed the modern synthesis of the mid-20th century . The addition of molecular genetics has led to evolutionary developmental biology , which explains evolution at the molecular level . While genotypes can slowly change by random genetic drift , natural selection remains the primary explanation for adaptive evolution .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "926b6cba70a0ce7b6a404ee0562efcb9", "text": "List of birds of Bolivia This is a list of the bird species recorded in Bolivia . The avifauna of Bolivia has 1381 species ( 1382 according to Clements ; see puffbirds ) . Fifteen are endemic , two have been introduced by humans , and 19 are rare or accidental . An additional 38 species are hypothetical ( see below ) . This list 's taxonomic treatment ( designation and sequence of orders , families , and species ) and nomenclature ( common and scientific names ) follow the conventions of The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World , 2016 edition . The family accounts at the beginning of each heading reflect this taxonomy , as do the species counts found in each family account . Introduced and accidental species are included in the total counts . Except as an entry is cited otherwise , the list of species is that of the South American Classification Committee ( SACC ) of the American Ornithologists ' Union . The taxonomy used by the SACC differs from `` Clements '' , and significant differences in names are noted . Differences from `` Clements '' in the sequence of orders , families , and species within families are not noted . The following tags have been used to highlight certain categories , but not all species fall into one of these categories . Those that do not are commonly occurring native species . ( A ) Accidental - a species that rarely or accidentally occurs in Bolivia ( E ) Endemic - a species endemic to Bolivia ( I ) Introduced - a species introduced to Bolivia as a consequence , direct or indirect , of human actions ( H ) Hypothetical - a species recorded but with `` no tangible evidence '' according to the SACC", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6f04a1ce077697e4ae54561362f32a5b", "text": "List of marine gastropod genera in the fossil record This list of marine gastropod genera in the fossil record is an attempt to list all the genera of sea snails or marine gastropod mollusks which have been found in the fossil record . Nearly all of these are genera of shelled forms , since it is relatively rare for gastropods without a shell ( sea slugs ) to leave any recognizable traces . It is also worth pointing out that this list of genera represents only a very tiny fraction of the number of genera that must actually have existed over the evolutionary time span : the fossil record is an extremely patchy and exceedingly incomplete pteryrecord of life on earth in earlier geological eras . Many genera on this list are still extant , are still living now . On the current version of this list , some extant genera are mistakenly marked as extinct , with a '' † '' next to the name , but this should slowly become more accurate over time as corrections are made . The list consists of formal genera names in the class Gastropoda ; it excludes purely vernacular names . It shows all commonly accepted genera , but it also includes genera which are now considered invalid or doubtful ( nomina dubia ) , and names that were not formally published ( nomina nuda ) , as well as junior synonyms of more established names . The list also includes some genera which were first described as gastropods , but which are no longer considered to be gastropods , and which in many cases are not even considered to be mollusks . Genera are listed here alphabetically ; no attempt has been made to group them in families or other higher taxa .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d7927f3a1008fc7c372d330908aa3ef", "text": "Chitinozoan Chitinozoa ( singular : chitinozoan , plural : chitinozoans ) are a taxon of flask-shaped , organic walled marine microfossils produced by an as yet unknown animal . Common from the Ordovician to Devonian periods ( i.e. the mid-Paleozoic ) , the millimetre-scale organisms are abundant in almost all types of marine sediment across the globe . This wide distribution , and their rapid pace of evolution , makes them valuable biostratigraphic markers . Their bizarre form has made classification and ecological reconstruction difficult . Since their discovery in 1931 , suggestions of protist , plant , and fungal affinities have all been entertained . The organisms have been better understood as improvements in microscopy facilitated the study of their fine structure , and there is mounting evidence to suggest that they represent either the eggs or juvenile stage of a marine animal . The ecology of chitinozoa is also open to speculation ; some may have floated in the water column , where others may have attached themselves to other organisms . Most species were particular about their living conditions , and tend to be most common in specific paleoenvironments . Their abundance also varied with the seasons .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "85109e9126cfa6dff18f1e9d54dd1499", "text": "List of birds of Colorado This list of birds of Colorado includes every wild bird species recorded in the U.S. state of Colorado as of March 2017 . Unless otherwise noted , the list is that of the Colorado Bird Records Committee ( CBRC ) of Colorado Field Ornithologists . Only birds that are considered to have established , self-sustaining , wild populations in Colorado are included on this list . This excludes birds that are considered probable escapees , although they may have been sighted flying free in Colorado . Introduced species that are not native to North America , but were brought to this continent by human activity , are marked on this list as ( I ) . This list is presented in the taxonomic sequence of The Check-list of North American Birds ( 7th edition through the 57th supplement , 2016 ) , published by the American Ornithological Society . Common and scientific names are also those of the Check-list . The official state list of birds includes 499 species , of which six are introduced .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fedf7b21cef8ef33f087d557e17f61cf", "text": "List of systems of plant taxonomy This list of systems of plant taxonomy presents `` taxonomic systems '' used in plant classification . A taxonomic system is a coherent whole of taxonomic judgments on circumscription and placement of the considered taxa . It is only a `` system '' if it is applied to a large group of such taxa ( for example , all the flowering plants ) . There are two main criteria for this list . A system must be taxonomic , that is deal with a large number of plants , by their botanical names . Secondly it must be a system , i.e. deal with the relationships of plants . Although thinking about relationships of plants had started much earlier ( see history of plant systematics ) , such systems really only came into being in the 19th century , as a result of an ever increasing influx from all over the world of newly discovered plant species . The 18th century saw some early systems , which are perhaps precursors rather than full taxonomic systems . A milestone event was the publication of Species Plantarum by Linnaeus which serves as the starting point of binomial nomenclature for plants . By its size this would qualify to be on this list , but it does not deal with relationships , beyond assigning plants into genera . Note that a system is not necessarily monolithic and often goes through several stages of development , resulting in several versions of the same system . When a system is widely adopted , many authors will adopt their own particular version of the system . The Cronquist system is well known for existing in many versions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fb9394a7eec587b91a4faacd1ed674c3", "text": "Sister group A sister group or sister taxon is a phylogenetic term denoting the closest relatives of another given unit in an evolutionary tree . The expression is most easily illustrated by a cladogram : A , B , and C each represent a taxon : The sister group to A is B ; conversely , the sister group to B is A. Groups A and B , together with all other descendants of their most recent common ancestor , form the clade AB . The sister group to clade AB is C. The whole clade ABC is itself a subtree of a larger tree , which offers yet more sister group branches that are related but farther removed from the leaf nodes , such as A , B , and C. In cladistic standards , A , B , and C may represent specimens , species , taxon-groups , etc. . If they represent species , the term sister species is sometimes used . The term `` sister group '' is used in phylogenetic analysis , and only groups identified in the analysis are labeled as sister groups . An example is in birds , whose sister group is commonly cited as the crocodiles , but that is true only when dealing with extant taxa . The bird family tree is rooted in the dinosaurs , making for a number of extinct groups branching off before coming to the last common ancestor of birds and crocodiles . Thus , the term sister group must be seen as a relative term , with the caveat that the sister group is the closest relative only among the groups/species/specimens that are included in the analysis .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "198aaaf6abf355f7b0f781d3373710ec", "text": "Conservation status The conservation status of a group of organisms ( for instance , a species ) indicates whether the group still exists and how likely the group is to become extinct in the near future . Many factors are taken into account when assessing conservation status : not simply the number of individuals remaining , but the overall increase or decrease in the population over time , breeding success rates , and known threats . Various systems of conservation status exist and are in use at international , multi-country , national and local levels as well as for consumer use", "title": "" }, { "docid": "390dd489d9598ceab5c490e55c1d5c32", "text": "Journal of Natural History The Journal of Natural History is a scientific journal published by Taylor & Francis focusing on entomology and zoology . The journal was established in 1841 under the name Annals and Magazine of Natural History ( Ann . Mag . Nat . Hist . ) and obtained its current title in 1967 . The journal was formed by the merger of the Magazine of Natural History ( 1828 -- 1840 ) and the Annals of Natural History ( 1838 -- 1840 ; previously the Magazine of Zoology and Botany , 1836 -- 1838 ) and Loudon and Charlesworth 's Magazine of Natural History ) . In September 1855 , the Annals and Magazine of Natural History published `` On the Law which has Regulated the Introduction of New Species '' , a paper which Alfred Russel Wallace had written while working in the state of Sarawak on the island of Borneo in February of that year . This paper gathered and enumerated general observations regarding the geographic and geologic distribution of species ( biogeography ) . The conclusion that `` Every species has come into existence coincident both in space and time with a closely allied species '' has come to be known as the `` Sarawak Law '' . The paper was hailed by Edward Blyth and shook the thinking of Charles Lyell . They both advised Charles Darwin of the paper , and though he missed its significance , Lyell 's concerns about priority pressed Darwin to push ahead towards the publication of Darwin 's theory .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e6d9057179bae27d47db989eae6f14e1", "text": "Gastropoda The Gastropoda or gastropods , more commonly known as snails and slugs , are a large taxonomic class within the phylum Mollusca . The class Gastropoda includes snails and slugs of all kinds and all sizes from microscopic to large . There are many thousands of species of sea snails and sea slugs , as well as freshwater snails , freshwater limpets , land snails and land slugs . The class Gastropoda contains a vast total of named species , second only to the insects in overall number . The fossil history of this class goes back to the Late Cambrian . There are 611 families of gastropods known , of which 202 are extinct and appear only in the fossil record . Gastropoda ( previously known as univalves and sometimes spelled `` Gasteropoda '' ) are a major part of the phylum Mollusca , and are the most highly diversified class in the phylum , with 65,000 to 80,000 living snail and slug species . The anatomy , behavior , feeding , and reproductive adaptations of gastropods vary significantly from one clade or group to another . Therefore , it is difficult to state many generalities for all gastropods . The class Gastropoda has an extraordinary diversification of habitats . Representatives live in gardens , woodland , deserts , and on mountains ; in small ditches , great rivers and lakes ; in estuaries , mudflats , the rocky intertidal , the sandy subtidal , in the abyssal depths of the oceans including the hydrothermal vents , and numerous other ecological niches , including parasitic ones . Although the name `` snail '' can be , and often is , applied to all the members of this class , commonly this word means only those species with an external shell big enough that the soft parts can withdraw completely into it . Those gastropods without a shell , and those with only a very reduced or internal shell , are usually known as slugs ; those with a shell into which they can not withdraw are termed limpets . The marine shelled species of gastropod include edible species such as abalone , conches , periwinkles , whelks , and numerous other sea snails that produce seashells that are coiled in the adult stage -- though in some , the coiling may not be very visible , for example in cowries . In a number of families of species , such as all the various limpets , the shell is coiled only in the larval stage , and is a simple conical structure after that .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b2544ff8ceb0399d490c41d63f3302c8", "text": "Species (metaphysics) Species , in metaphysics , is a specific genus-differentia defined item that is described first by its genus ( genos ) and then its differentia ( diaphora ) . Put differently , it is an item , not necessarily biological , that belongs to a group and can be distinguished from other species in that group . For example , a human being as a species can be defined as an animal ( genus ) that can reason ( differentia ) . The term is derived from the Greek word eidos , which means form in Plato 's dialogues but should be taken to mean species in Aristotle 's corpus .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "03e276a5f33878f29ddf14057b09aca4", "text": "Evolution Without Evidence Evolution Without Evidence : Charles Darwin and `` The Origin of Species '' is a 1982 book by historian Barry G. Gale . Contrary to the title , the book is not on the Creation -- evolution controversy . Gale attempts to explain why Charles Darwin waited twenty years to publish his theory of natural selection and how his theory evolved during this period . The book heavily relies on Darwin 's letters , notebooks , essays and papers . Darwin 's private correspondences with Asa Gray and Joseph Hooker are cited .", "title": "" } ]	fever
114b46ba265a89326365085432a0a64b	Christiano Ronaldo doesn't play football.	[ { "docid": "98682560a8710d2a3a1d07d8adb8ce8d", "text": "2013 FIFA Ballon d'Or The 2013 FIFA Ballon d'Or Gala was the fourth year for FIFA 's awards for the top football players and coaches of the year . The awards were given out in Zürich on 13 January 2014 . The deadline for voting was 15 November 2013 but was unexplicably extended to 29 November 2013 for the first time in history . Real Madrid and Portugal winger Cristiano Ronaldo won the Ballon d'Or award as the World Player of the Year . It was his second Ballon d'Or , after winning the award in 2008 , as well as his first FIFA Ballon d'Or . With the win , he ended Lionel Messi 's domination of the award . Nadine Angerer was announced as the Women 's World Player of the Year recipient , while Jupp Heynckes claimed the World Coach of the Year for Men 's Football , and Silvia Neid the World Coach of the Year for Women 's Football . The ninety-minute ceremony was hosted by Fernanda Lima along with Ruud Gullit . The 2013 voting extension remains the greatest scandal in the award 's history .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f926e2976ef1d8c3d7928198b11210bc", "text": "Ballon d'Or The Ballon d'Or ( -LSB- balɔ̃ dɔʁ -RSB- ; `` Golden Ball '' ) , is an annual association football award presented by France Football . It has been awarded since 1956 , although between 2010 and 2015 , an agreement was made with FIFA and the award was temporarily merged with the FIFA World Player of the Year , and known as the FIFA Ballon d'Or . Conceived by sports writer Gabriel Hanot , the Ballon d'Or award honours the male player deemed to have performed the best over the previous year , based on voting by football journalists . Originally , only European players were in contention for the Ballon d'Or : in 1995 the award was expanded to include all players at European clubs and in 2007 to all players from around the world .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d232f392c0fe37d31573f396226b6de9", "text": "UEFA Euro 2016 The 2016 UEFA European Championship , commonly referred to as UEFA Euro 2016 or simply Euro 2016 , was the 15th UEFA European Championship , the quadrennial international men 's football championship of Europe organised by UEFA . It was held in France from 10 June to 10 July 2016 . Spain were the two-time defending champions , having won the 2008 and 2012 tournaments , but were eliminated in the round of 16 by Italy . Portugal won the tournament for the first time , following a 1 -- 0 victory after extra time over the host team , France , in the final played at the Stade de France . For the first time , the European Championship final tournament was contested by 24 teams , having been expanded from the 16-team format used since 1996 . Under the new format , the finalists contested a group stage consisting of six groups of four teams , followed by a knockout phase including three rounds and the final . Nineteen teams -- the top two from each of the nine qualifying groups and the best third-placed team -- joined France in the final tournament , who qualified automatically as hosts ; a series of two-legged play-off ties between the remaining third-placed teams in November 2015 decided the last four finalist spots . France was chosen as the host nation on 28 May 2010 , after a bidding process in which they beat Italy and Turkey for the right to host the 2016 finals . The matches were played in ten stadiums in ten cities : Bordeaux , Lens , Lille Métropole , Décines-Charpieu , Marseille , Nice , Paris , Saint-Denis , Saint-Étienne , and Toulouse . It was the third time that France hosted the finals , after the inaugural tournament in 1960 and the 1984 finals . As the winners , Portugal earned the right to compete at the 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup in Russia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c2c1da6d647ff6192bee99190daaf46b", "text": "FIFA Club World Cup The FIFA Club World Cup is an international men 's association football competition organised by the Fédération Internationale de Football Association ( FIFA ) , the sport 's global governing body . The competition was first contested in 2000 as the FIFA Club World Championship . It was not held between 2001 and 2004 due to a combination of factors , most importantly the collapse of FIFA 's marketing partner International Sport and Leisure . Since 2005 , the competition has been held every year , and has been hosted by Brazil , Japan , the United Arab Emirates and Morocco . The FIFA Club World Cup 's prestige is perceived quite differently in different parts of the football world : while it is widely regarded as the most distinguished club level trophy in South America , it struggles to attract interest in most of Europe . The first FIFA Club World Championship took place in Brazil in 2000 . It ran in parallel with the Intercontinental Cup ( also known as European/South American Cup ) , a competition organised jointly by the Union of European Football Associations ( UEFA ) and the Confederación Sudamericana de Fútbol ( CONMEBOL ) first disputed in 1960 by the winners of the European Champions ' Cup and the Copa Libertadores . In 2005 , after the Intercontinental Cup 's last edition , that competition was merged with the Club World Cup 's pilot edition and renamed the `` FIFA Club World Championship '' . In 2006 , the tournament took its current name . The current format of the tournament involves seven teams competing for the title at venues within the host nation over a period of about two weeks ; the winners of that year 's AFC Champions League ( Asia ) , CAF Champions League ( Africa ) , CONCACAF Champions League ( North America ) , Copa Libertadores ( South America ) , OFC Champions League ( Oceania ) and UEFA Champions League ( Europe ) , along with the host nation 's national champions , participate in a straight knock-out tournament . The host nation 's national champions dispute a play-off against the Oceania champions , from which the winner joins the champions of Asia , Africa and North America at the quarter-finals . The quarter-final winners go on to face the European and South American champions , who enter at the semi-final stage , for a place in the final . The current champions are Spain 's Real Madrid , who defeated Japan 's Kashima Antlers 4 -- 2 in the final of the 2016 edition , to win a second title in the competition . European teams have been the most successful , with nine titles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a8e5605c6d5756701022cd9b83ebfdbd", "text": "Manchester United F.C. Manchester United Football Club is a professional football club based in Old Trafford , Greater Manchester , England , that competes in the Premier League , the top flight of English football . Nicknamed `` the Red Devils '' , the club was founded as Newton Heath LYR Football Club in 1878 , changed its name to Manchester United in 1902 and moved to its current stadium , Old Trafford , in 1910 . Manchester United are the most successful club in England , having won a record 20 League Titles , 12 FA Cups , 5 League Cups and a record 21 FA Community Shields . The club has also won three UEFA Champions League , one UEFA Europa League , one UEFA Cup Winners ' Cup , one UEFA Super Cup , one Intercontinental Cup and one FIFA Club World Cup . In 1998 -- 99 , the club became the first in the history of English football to achieve the treble of the Premier League , the FA Cup and the UEFA Champions League . In 2016 -- 17 , they also , by winning the UEFA Europa League , became one of five clubs to have won all three main UEFA club competitions . In winning all three top domestic trophies ( as well as both iterations of the English championship ) , all three major European trophies , both the domestic and European super cups , and both international titles ( the now-defunct Intercontinental Cup in 1999 and its successor , the FIFA World Club Cup in 2008 ) , the club has achieved a clean sweep of all top honours available to it ; the first and thus far only English club to do so . The 1958 Munich air disaster claimed the lives of eight players . In 1968 , under the management of Matt Busby , Manchester United became the first English football club to win the European Cup . Alex Ferguson won 38 trophies as manager , including 13 Premier League titles , 5 FA Cups and 2 UEFA Champions Leagues , between 1986 and 2013 , when he announced his retirement . José Mourinho is the club 's current manager , having been appointed on 27 May 2016 . Manchester United was the highest-earning football club in the world for 2015 -- 16 , with an annual revenue of $ 689 million , and the world 's third most valuable football club in 2015 , valued at # 1.98 billion . As of June 2015 , it is the world 's most valuable football brand , estimated to be worth $ 1.2 billion . After being floated on the London Stock Exchange in 1991 , the club was purchased by Malcolm Glazer in May 2005 in a deal valuing the club at almost # 800 million , after which the company was taken private again , before going public once more in August 2012 , when they made an initial public offering on the New York Stock Exchange . Manchester United is one of the most widely supported football clubs in the world , and holds several rivalries with other clubs , most notably with Liverpool , Manchester City and Leeds United , and more recently with Arsenal .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a9f0ce7175b813bf0e44b898ad3e8247", "text": "List of men's association football players with 50 or more international goals As of 28 March 2017 , a total of 55 male players have each scored fifty or more goals in official international association football matches . The only male player to score more than a hundred goals is Ali Daei , who scored 109 goals for Iran .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aefcf446b8af07cc41fd63508d47a281", "text": "Jimmy Greaves James Peter Greaves ( born 20 February 1940 ) is a former England international footballer who played as a forward . He is England 's fourth highest international goalscorer ( 44 goals ) , Tottenham Hotspur 's highest ever goalscorer ( 266 goals ) , the highest goalscorer in the history of English top-flight football ( 357 goals ) , and has also scored more hat-tricks ( six ) for England than anyone else . He finished as the First Division 's top scorer in six seasons . He is a member of the English Football Hall of Fame . Greaves began his professional career at Chelsea in 1957 , and played in the following year 's FA Youth Cup final . He scored 124 First Division goals in just four seasons before being sold on to Italian club A.C. Milan for # 80,000 in April 1961 . His stay in Italy was not a happy one and he returned to England with Tottenham Hotspur for a fee of # 99,999 in December 1961 . Whilst with Spurs he won the FA Cup in 1961 -- 62 and 1966 -- 67 , the Charity Shield in 1962 and 1967 , and the European Cup Winners ' Cup in 1962 -- 63 ; he never won a league title but did help Spurs to a second-place finish in 1962 -- 63 . He moved to West Ham United in a player-exchange in March 1970 and retired the following year . After a four-year absence he returned to football at the non-league level , despite suffering from alcoholism . In a five-year spell he played for Brentwood , Chelmsford City , Barnet , and Woodford Town . Greaves scored 13 goals in 12 England under-23 internationals and scored 44 goals in 57 full England internationals between 1959 and 1967 . He played in the 1962 and 1966 FIFA World Cup , but was injured in the group stage of the 1966 World Cup and lost his first team place to Geoff Hurst , who kept Greaves out of the first team in the final . England won the World Cup , but Greaves was not given his medal until a change of FIFA rules in 2009 . After retiring as a player Greaves went on to enjoy a career in broadcasting , most notably working alongside Ian St. John on Saint and Greavsie from 1985 to 1992 . During this period , he also made regular appearances on TV-am . He worked on a number of other sport shows on ITV during this period , including Sporting Triangles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4031f48e3656ccb21ac0584ec12fc06a", "text": "Cristiano Ronaldo Cristiano Ronaldo dos Santos Aveiro , ( -LSB- kɾiʃ ` tjɐnu ʁuˈnaɫdu -RSB- , born 5 February 1985 ) is a Portuguese professional footballer for Spanish club Real Madrid and the Portugal national team . He primarily plays as a forward , but has also been deployed as a winger and serves as captain for Portugal . In 2008 , he won his first Ballon d'Or and FIFA World Player of the Year awards . Ronaldo then won the FIFA Ballon d'Or in 2013 and 2014 . In 2016 , he received his fourth Ballon d'Or , the most for a European player in the history of the award , and the inaugural Best FIFA Men 's Player . In 2015 , Ronaldo scored his 500th senior career goal for club and country . Two years later , he surpassed Jimmy Greaves as the all-time top-scorer in the top five European leagues . Often ranked the best player in the world and widely regarded as one of the greatest of all time , Ronaldo was named the best Portuguese player of all time by the Portuguese Football Federation , during its 100th anniversary celebrations in 2015 . He was the first player to win four European Golden Shoe awards . One of the most marketable athletes in sport , in 2016 Forbes named Ronaldo the world 's best paid athlete . ESPN ranked him the world 's most famous athlete in 2016 and 2017 . Ronaldo began his senior club career playing for Sporting CP , before signing with Manchester United at age 18 in 2003 . After winning his first trophy , the FA Cup , during his first season in England , he helped United win three successive Premier League titles , a UEFA Champions League title , and a FIFA Club World Cup . By age 23 , he had received Ballon d'Or and FIFA World Player of the Year nominations . He was the subject of the most expensive association football transfer when he moved from Manchester United to Real Madrid in 2009 in a transfer worth $ 94 million ( $ 132 million ) . In Spain , he has won two La Liga titles , two Copas del Rey , two Champions League titles , and two Club World Cups . Ronaldo holds the record for most goals scored in a single UEFA Champions League season , having scored 17 goals in the 2013 -- 14 season . In 2014 , Ronaldo became the fastest player to score 200 goals in La Liga , which he achieved in his 178th La Liga game . He is the only player in the history of football to score more than 50 goals in a season on six consecutive occasions . In 2015 , Ronaldo became the all-time top goalscorer in the UEFA Champions League , and he also became Real Madrid 's all-time leading goalscorer . In 2017 , he became the first player to reach 100 goals in European club competitions , as well as in the UEFA Champions League . He is the second highest goalscorer in La Liga history behind Lionel Messi , his perceived career rival . Ronaldo made his international debut for Portugal in August 2003 , at the age of 18 . He is Portugal 's most capped player of all time with over 130 caps , and has participated in seven major tournaments : four UEFA European Championships ( 2004 , 2008 , 2012 and 2016 ) and three FIFA World Cups ( 2006 , 2010 and 2014 ) . He is the first Portuguese player to reach 50 international goals , making him Portugal 's all-time top goalscorer . He scored his first international goal in Euro 2004 and helped Portugal reach the final . He took over full captaincy in July 2008 , and he led Portugal to the semi-finals at Euro 2012 , finishing the competition as joint-top scorer . In November 2014 , Ronaldo became the all-time top scorer in the UEFA European Championship ( including qualifying ) with 23 goals . At Euro 2016 , he became the most capped player of all-time in the tournament , the first player to score at four consecutive European Championship finals , and also equalled Michel Platini 's all-time record for most goals scored in the competition . Ronaldo lifted the trophy after Portugal defeated France in the final , and he received the Silver Boot as the second-highest goalscorer of the tournament .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e9e30bb5855a60dfcb5c9b635fcf98e2", "text": "List of European Cup and UEFA Champions League top scorers The UEFA Champions League , known until 1992 as the European Champion Clubs ' Cup or colloquially as the European Cup , is an annual association football cup competition organised by UEFA since 1955 . Originally a straight knockout competition open only to champion clubs , the tournament was expanded during the 1990s to incorporate a round-robin group phase and more teams . The expansion resulted in more games being played , increasing players ' goalscoring chances , thus the list below is weighted in favour of modern players . On April 2017 Cristiano Ronaldo became the First player to score 100 goals in this competition .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4095dfbc5bcc7cdd19f377e8b34a7c4d", "text": "Portugal national football team The Portugal national football team ( Seleção Portuguesa de Futebol , -LSB- sɨlɛˈsɐ̃w puɾtuˈgezɐ dɨ futɨˈbɔl -RSB- ) represents Portugal in international men 's association football competition since 1921 . It is controlled by the Portuguese Football Federation , the governing body for football in Portugal . Portugal 's first participation in a major tournament finals , at the 1966 FIFA World Cup , saw a team featuring famed striker Eusébio finish in third place . The next two times Portugal qualified for the World Cup finals were in 1986 and 2002 , going out in the first round both times . Portugal also made it to the semi-finals of the UEFA Euro 1984 final tournament , losing 3 -- 2 after extra time to the hosts and eventual winners France . The team reached the semi-finals of Euro 2000 , the 2006 World Cup and Euro 2012 , as well as the final of Euro 2004 , the latter on home soil . At Euro 2016 , Portugal won its first ever major trophy , defeating hosts France 1 -- 0 after extra time , with the winning goal scored by Eder . With the win , Portugal qualified and will make its first appearance in the FIFA Confederations Cup held the following year in Russia . The team 's home stadium is the Estádio Nacional , in Oeiras , although most of their home games are frequently played in other stadia across the country . The current head coach is Fernando Santos and the captain is Cristiano Ronaldo , who holds the team records for most caps and goals .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2bf1892e9847d386ef17d5b17d6852a4", "text": "European Golden Shoe The European Golden Shoe , formerly known as the European Golden Boot , is an association football award presented each season to the leading goalscorer in league matches from the top division of every European national league . From its inception in the 1967 -- 68 season , the award , originally called Soulier d'Or , which translates from French as Golden Shoe or Boot , has been given to the top goalscorer in all European leagues that season . Originally presented by L'Équipe magazine , it has been awarded by the European Sports Media since the 1996 -- 97 season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e210c39f58a39c40950ade3781c0b517", "text": "FA Cup The FA Cup is an annual knockout football competition in men 's domestic English football . First played during the 1871 -- 72 season , it is the oldest association football competition in the world . It is organised by and named after The Football Association ( The FA ) . For sponsorship reasons , from 2015 through to 2018 it is also known as The Emirates FA Cup . A concurrent women 's tournament is also held , the FA Women 's Cup . The competition is open to any eligible club down to Level 10 of the English football league system -- all 92 professional clubs in the Premier League ( Level 1 ) and the English Football League ( Levels 2 to 4 ) , and several hundred `` non-league '' teams in Steps 1 to 6 of the National League System ( Levels 5 to 10 ) . A record 763 clubs competed in 2011 -- 12 . The tournament consists of 12 randomly drawn rounds followed by the semi-finals and the final . Entrants are not seeded , although a system of byes based on league level ensures higher ranked teams enter in later rounds -- the minimum number of games needed to win the competition ranges from six to fourteen . The first six rounds are the Qualifying Competition , from which 32 teams progress to the first round of the Competition Proper , meeting the first of the 48 professional teams from Leagues One and Two . The last entrants are the Premier League and Championship clubs , into the draw for the Third Round Proper . In the modern era , only one non-league team has ever reached the quarter finals , and teams below Level 2 have never reached the final.Since 1920 , when the Football League expanded to three divisions , no club from outside the top two divisions has reached the final . Since 1914 , when QPR reached the fourth round proper ( the last eight/quarter-final stage ) , the only non-league club to have reached that stage is Lincoln City in 2017 . As a result , as well as who wins , significant focus is given to those `` minnows '' ( smaller teams ) who progress furthest , especially if they achieve an unlikely `` giant-killing '' victory . Winners receive the FA Cup trophy , of which there have been two designs and five actual cups ; the latest is a 2014 replica of the second design , introduced in 1911 . Winners also qualify for the Europa League and a place in the FA Community Shield match . Arsenal are the current holders , having beaten Chelsea 2 -- 1 in the 2017 final to win the cup for the 13th time in their history and become the tournament 's most successful club . Arsenal 's Arsène Wenger is the most successful manager in the competition , with seven finals won .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "57b8dd142227b025c650d604afef05b0", "text": "UEFA Champions League The UEFA Champions League is an annual continental club football competition organised by the Union of European Football Associations ( UEFA ) and contested by top-division European clubs . It is one of the most prestigious tournaments in the world and the most prestigious club competition in European football , played by the national league champion ( and , for some nations , one or more runners-up ) of each UEFA national association . The UEFA Champions League final is the most watched annual sporting event worldwide . The final of the 2012 -- 13 tournament had the highest TV ratings to date , drawing 360 million television viewers . Introduced in 1992 , the competition replaced the European Champion Clubs ' Cup , or simply European Cup , which had run since 1955 , adding a group stage to the competition and allowing multiple entrants from certain countries . The pre-1992 competition was initially a straight knockout tournament open only to the champion club of each country . During the 1990s , the format was expanded , incorporating a round-robin group stage to include clubs that finished runner-up of some nations ' top-level league . While most of Europe 's national leagues can still only enter their national league champion , Europe 's strongest national leagues now provide up to four teams for the competition , and will provide up to five teams from the 2015 -- 16 season onwards . Clubs that finish next-in-line in each nation 's top level league , having not qualified for the UEFA Champions League competition , may be eligible for the next level UEFA Europa League competition . In its present format , the UEFA Champions League begins in mid-July with three knockout qualifying rounds and a play-off round . The 10 surviving teams enter the group stage , joining 22 other teams qualified in advance . The 32 teams are drawn into eight groups of four teams and play each other in a double round-robin system . The eight group winners and eight runners-up proceed to the knockout phase that culminates with the final match in May . The winner of the UEFA Champions League qualifies for the UEFA Super Cup and the FIFA Club World Cup . Real Madrid is the most successful club in the competition 's history , having won the tournament 11 times , including its first five seasons . Spanish clubs have accumulated the highest number of victories ( 16 wins ) , followed by England and Italy ( 12 wins apiece ) . The competition has been won by 22 different clubs , 12 of which have won it more than once . Since the tournament changed name and structure in 1992 , no club has managed consecutive wins ; Milan were the last holders to successfully defend their title , in the 1989 -- 90 season . The reigning champions are Real Madrid , who secured their eleventh title in the competition after defeating Atlético Madrid on penalties following a 1 -- 1 draw in the 2016 final .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7597da9c8195c0900da4d18151fe8910", "text": "Forward (association football) Forwards are the players on an association football team who play nearest to the opposing team 's goal , and are therefore most responsible for scoring goals . Their advanced position and limited defensive responsibilities mean forwards normally score more goals on behalf of their team than other players . Modern team formations generally include one to three forwards ; for example , the common 4 -- 2 -- 3 -- 1 formation includes one forward . Unconventional formations may include more than three forwards , or none .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d593a747b39bb52791c2b3126e0cacd7", "text": "UEFA Euro 2004 Final The UEFA Euro 2004 Final was a football match played on 4 July 2004 at the Estádio da Luz in Lisbon , Portugal to determine the winner of UEFA Euro 2004 . The match featured tournament hosts Portugal , who went into the match as favourites , and Greece , playing in only their second European Championship . It was the first time in a major international tournament where both finalists had also played in the opening game of the tournament . Both teams had qualified for the knockout stage from Group A of the tournament 's group stage , with Greece winning 2 -- 1 in the teams ' earlier meeting . Greece won the final 1 -- 0 , defying odds of 80 -- 1 from the beginning of the tournament , with Angelos Charisteas scoring the winning goal in the 57th minute . While the dedication of the side and the victory were celebrated by their nation , Greece were dubbed by Barry Glendenning of The Guardian as `` the only underdogs in history that everyone wants to see get beaten '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7283e57d1f0354ef5548d5e2642a8d54", "text": "La Liga The Primera División , commonly known as La Liga and as La Liga Santander for sponsorship reasons with Santander , is the top professional association football division of the Spanish football league system . Administrated by the Liga de Fútbol Profesional ( LFP ) , La Liga is contested by 20 teams , with the three lowest-placed teams relegated to the Segunda División and replaced by the top two teams in that division plus the winner of a play-off . A total of 60 teams have competed in La Liga since its inception . Nine teams have been crowned champions , with Real Madrid winning the title a record 33 times and Barcelona 24 times . Real Madrid dominated the championship from the 1950s through the 1980s . From the 1990s onwards , Barcelona ( 14 titles ) and Real Madrid ( 8 titles ) both dominated , though La Liga also saw other champions , including Atlético Madrid , Valencia , and Deportivo de La Coruña . In more recent years , Atlético Madrid has joined a coalition of now three teams dominating La Liga alongside Real Madrid and Barcelona . According to UEFA 's league coefficient , La Liga has been the top league in Europe over the last five years , and has produced the continent 's top-rated club more times ( 18 ) than any other league , double that of second-placed Serie A. Its clubs have won the most UEFA Champions League ( 16 ) , UEFA Europa League ( 10 ) , UEFA Super Cup ( 13 ) , and FIFA Club World Cup ( 5 ) titles , and its players have accumulated the highest number of ( FIFA ) Ballon d'Or awards ( 19 ) . La Liga is one of the most popular professional sports leagues in the world , with an average attendance of 26,741 for league matches in the 2014 -- 15 season . This is the sixth-highest of any domestic professional sports league in the world and the fourth-highest of any professional association football league in the world , behind the Bundesliga , the Premier League , and the Indian Super League .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cf09647c31c0f2d1efb48fc59bb7da0b", "text": "FIFA World Player of the Year The FIFA World Player of the Year was an association football award presented annually by the sport 's governing body , FIFA , since 1991 . Originally an honour bestowed on the world 's best male player , it was awarded to both sexes from 2001 , and from 2010 presented exclusively to the best female player . Coaches and captains of international teams and media representatives selected the player they deem to have performed the best in the previous calendar year . During the men 's era , Brazilian players won 8 out of 19 years , compared to three wins -- the second most -- for French players . In terms of individual players , Brazil again led with five , followed by Italy and Portugal with two each . The youngest winner was Ronaldo , who won at 20 years old in 1996 , and the oldest winner was Fabio Cannavaro , who won aged 33 in 2006 . Ronaldo and Zinedine Zidane each won the award three times , while Ronaldo and Ronaldinho were the only players to win in successive years . From 2010 to 2015 , the equivalent men 's award was the FIFA Ballon d'Or . Eight female players -- three Germans , three Americans , one Brazilian , and one Japanese -- have won the award . Marta , the youngest recipient at age 20 in 2006 , has won five successive awards , the most of any player . Birgit Prinz won three times in a row and Mia Hamm won twice in a row . The oldest winner is Nadine Angerer , who was 35 when she won in 2013 ; she is also the only goalkeeper of either sex to win .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e2bb367fd3bfb5972186929d98db3ad", "text": "Copa del Rey The Copa del Rey ( King 's Cup ) is an annual football cup competition for Spanish football teams . Its full name is Campeonato de España - Copa de Su Majestad el Rey ( Championship of Spain - His Majesty the King 's Football Cup ) , and is also known as La Copa . The competition was founded in 1903 , thus making it the oldest Spanish football competition . Typically , the winner of Copa del Rey goes to the UEFA Europa League ; unless they qualify for the UEFA Champions League . Barcelona are currently the cup holders , who won their 29th Copa del Rey against Deportivo Alavés at the 2017 Copa del Rey Final held at the Vicente Calderón Stadium .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be1af0130a75395bdbfc794354ebb7fa", "text": "2014 FIFA World Cup The 2014 FIFA World Cup was the 20th FIFA World Cup , the quadrennial world championship for men 's national football teams organized by FIFA . It took place in Brazil from 12 June to 13 July 2014 , after the country was awarded the hosting rights in 2007 . It was the second time that Brazil staged the competition ( the first was in 1950 ) , and the fifth time that it was held in South America . Thirty-one national teams advanced through qualification competitions to join the host nation in the final tournament . A total of 64 matches were played in 12 venues located in as many host cities across Brazil . For the first time at a World Cup finals , match officials used goal-line technology , as well as vanishing foam for free kicks . FIFA Fan Fests in each host city gathered a total of 5 million people , and the country received 1 million visitors from 202 countries . Every World Cup-winning team since the first edition in 1930 -- Argentina , Brazil , England , France , Germany , Italy , Spain and Uruguay -- qualified for this tournament . Spain , the title holders , were eliminated at the group stage , along with England and Italy . Uruguay were eliminated in the round of 16 , and France exited in the quarter-finals . Host nation Brazil , who had won the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup , lost to Germany 7 -- 1 in the semi-finals and eventually finished in fourth place . In the final , Germany defeated Argentina 1 -- 0 to win the tournament and secure the country 's fourth world title , the first after the German reunification in 1990 , when as West Germany they also beat Argentina in the World Cup final . Germany became the first European team to win a World Cup staged in the Americas , and this result marked the first time that sides from the same continent had won three consecutive tournaments ( following Italy in 2006 and Spain in 2010 ) . As the winners , Germany qualified for the 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup in Russia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d3afdf64add3218deecbc1fd97aa57f5", "text": "Ronaldo (Brazilian footballer) Ronaldo Luís Nazário de Lima ( -LSB- ʁoˈnawðu ˈlwiʒ nɐˈzaɾju dʒ ˈɫĩmɐ -RSB- ; born 18 September 1976 ) , commonly known as Ronaldo , is a Brazilian retired professional footballer who played as a striker . Popularly dubbed `` The Phenomenon , '' he is widely considered to be one of the greatest football players of all time . A three-time FIFA World Player of the Year and two-time Ballon d'Or recipient , Ronaldo , in his 1990s prime , was known for his dribbling at speed , feints and clinical finishing . He was named in the FIFA 100 , a list of the greatest living players compiled in 2004 , and was inducted into the Brazilian Football Museum Hall of Fame and the Italian Football Hall of Fame . Ronaldo played for Brazil in 98 matches , scoring 62 goals , and is the second-highest goalscorer for his national team , trailing only Pelé . At age 17 , Ronaldo was the youngest member of the Brazilian squad that won the 1994 FIFA World Cup . At the 1998 World Cup , he received the Golden Ball for player of the tournament in helping Brazil reach the final where he suffered a convulsive fit hours before the defeat to France . He won a second World Cup in 2002 where he starred in a front three with Ronaldinho and Rivaldo . Ronaldo scored twice in the final , and received the Golden Boot as tournament 's top goalscorer . During the 2006 FIFA World Cup , Ronaldo scored his 15th World Cup goal , which was a World Cup record at the time . At his physical peak in the 1990s , Ronaldo starred at club level for Cruzeiro , PSV , Barcelona and Inter Milan . His moves to Spain and Italy made him only the second player , after Diego Maradona , to break the world transfer record twice , all before his 21st birthday . At age 23 , he had scored over 200 goals for club and country . After almost three years of inactivity due to serious knee injuries and recuperation , Ronaldo joined Real Madrid in 2002 , which was followed by spells at A.C. Milan and Corinthians . Having suffered further injuries , Ronaldo retired from professional football in 2011 . Post-retirement , he has continued his work as a United Nations Development Programme Goodwill Ambassador , a position to which he was appointed in 2000 . He served as an ambassador for the 2014 FIFA World Cup .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "1364662446b1e3b58a79336f052a9591", "text": "Marcelo (footballer, born 1988) Marcelo Vieira da Silva Júnior ( born 12 May 1988 ) , known as Marcelo , is a Brazilian professional footballer for Spanish club Real Madrid and the Brazil national team . He plays mainly at left back but can also operate as a left winger . He is frequently compared to Roberto Carlos , who himself said Marcelo was his heir , the world 's best left back and that `` Marcelo possesses a better technical ability than me '' . After his breakthrough season , Marcelo was praised by football legends such as Paolo Maldini and Diego Maradona , who also called him the best in his position .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "89891d28b8446821be792b13a2b0e5cb", "text": "Ronaldo Giovanelli Ronaldo Soares Giovanelli ( born 20 November 1967 ) is a retired Brazilian footballer . Although as a child he was a forward he spent his career as a goalkeeper .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2bd6277e7421623adc37464af284768b", "text": "History of FIFA FIFA ( Fédération Internationale de Football Association ) is the international governing body of association football . It is one of the world 's oldest and largest NGOs , being founded on 21 May 1904 . It has since expanded to include 209 member associations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1da04f0c94fd250841a9c6d01262b075", "text": "Grêmio F.B.P.A. Academy Grêmio F.B.P.A. Academy is the youth set up of Grêmio . Is composed of a feeder team , known as Transition team , and several youth teams from the age group of under-7 to the under-20 , and is considered one of the most prolific football academies in Brazil as also in the world . Notable graduates in recent years include former FIFA World Cup and FIFA Ballon d'Or winner Ronaldinho , Brazil national team and Bayern Munich winger Douglas Costa , Liverpool midfielder Lucas Leiva and current first team players Marcelo Grohe and Luan , among many others . The club has a large academy training complex , named CT Presidente Hélio Dourado , based in Eldorado do Sul , in the metropolitan area of Porto Alegre , which includes a small stadium where all the youth teams play their home games .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6a9ad2273c98aeb236bd0708ba59a09b", "text": "2014 College Football All-America Team The 2014 College Football All-America Team includes those players of American college football who have been honored by various selector organizations as the best players at their respective positions . The selector organizations award the `` All-America '' honor annually following the conclusion of the fall college football season . The original All-America team was the 1889 College Football All-America Team selected by Caspar Whitney and Walter Camp . In 1950 , the National Collegiate Athletic Bureau , which is the National Collegiate Athletic Association 's ( NCAA ) service bureau , compiled the first list of All-Americans including first-team selections on teams created for a national audience that received national circulation with the intent of recognizing selections made from viewpoints that were nationwide . Since 1957 , College Sports Information Directors of America ( CoSIDA ) has bestowed Academic All-American recognition on male and female athletes in Divisions I , II , and III of the NCAA as well as National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics athletes , covering all NCAA championship sports . The 2014 College Football All-America Team is composed of the following College Football All-American first teams chosen by the following selector organizations : Associated Press ( AP ) , Football Writers Association of America ( FWAA ) , American Football Coaches Association ( AFCA ) , Walter Camp Foundation ( WCFF ) , The Sporting News ( TSN ) , Sports Illustrated ( SI ) , USA Today ( USAT ) ESPN , CBS Sports ( CBS ) , College Football News ( CFN ) , Scout.com , and Yahoo! Sports ( Yahoo! ) . Currently , the NCAA compiles consensus all-America teams in the sports of Division I-FBS football and Division I men 's basketball using a point system computed from All-America teams named by coaches associations or media sources . The system consists of three points for a first-team honor , two points for second-team honor , and one point for third-team honor . Honorable mention and fourth team or lower recognitions are not accorded any points . Football consensus teams are compiled by position and the player accumulating the most points at each position is named first team consensus all-American . Currently , the NCAA recognizes All-Americans selected by the AP , AFCA , FWAA , TSN , and the WCFF to determine Consensus and Unanimous All-Americans . In 2014 , there were 12 unanimous All-Americans .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "753b2947764ce2c6c5b10bcf95c1e71a", "text": "World championship A world championship is generally an international sports competition open to elite competitors from across the world , representing their nations , and winning such an event will be considered the highest or near highest achievement in the sport or contest . The title is usually awarded through a combination of specific contests or , less commonly , ranking systems ( e.g. the ICC Test Championship ) , or a combination of the two ( e.g. World Triathlon Championships in Triathlon ) . This determines a ` world champion ' , who or which is commonly considered the best nation , team , individual ( or other entity ) in the world in a particular field , although the vagaries of sport ensure that the competitor recognised at the best in an event is not always the ` world champion ' ( see Underdog ) . Certain sports do not have a world championship . Instead , they may organise a world cup competition , or they may organize both , for example cycling ( UCI World Championships and UCI World Cups ) ) . Often , the use of the term cup or championship in this sense is just a choice of words . Some sports have multiple champions because of multiple organizations , such as boxing , mixed martial arts and wrestling . Certain sports do not have a world championship or a world cup as such , but may have one or several world champions . Professional boxing , for example , has several world champions at different weights , but each one of them is decided by a `` title fight '' , not a tournament . A certain number of sports hold world championships or world cups which are overshadowed , in terms of prestige , by the same events in the Olympic Games , the most prestigious multi-sports event . Still other sports may or may not have a true world championship but may designate the winners of a domestic competition to be `` world champions . '' This is especially true of the major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada ; world cups and championships exist in all of the major sports , but the domestic U.S. and Canadian leagues are generally recognized as the world professional championships or the equivalent of a world club championship . ( In American football , although an IFAF World Championship exists , the United States is so far above and beyond the other nations it faces that the winner of the U.S.-based Super Bowl , a competition limited to the 32 teams in the National Football League , is commonly recognized as the world champion . ) Finally , certain professional sports do not have a world championship or world cup , but rather hold a series of events recognised as the elite level in their field ( e.g. tennis has a series of four Grand Slam events recognised as the pinnacle of the game , in addition to key team events , world tour finals and the Olympic Games , but no world championship or world cup ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3b10d49e4f357effacdacadafce330f5", "text": "History of FC Barcelona The history of Futbol Club Barcelona goes from the football club 's founding in 1899 and up to current time . FC Barcelona , also known simply as Barcelona and familiarly as Barça , is based in Barcelona , Catalonia , Spain . The team was founded in 1899 by a group of Swiss , English and Spanish footballers led by Joan Gamper . The club played amateur football until 1910 in various regional competitions . In 1910 , the club participated in their first of many European competitions , and has since amassed ten UEFA trophies and a sextuple . In 1928 , Barcelona co-founded La Liga , the top-tier in Spanish football , along with a string of other clubs . As of 2016 , Barcelona has never been relegated from La Liga , a record they share with Athletic Bilbao and arch-rival Real Madrid . The history of super Barcelona has often been political . Though it is a club created and run by foreigners , Barcelona gradually became a club associated with Catalan values . In Spain 's transition to autocracy in 1925 , Catalonia became increasingly hostile towards the central government in Madrid . The hostility enhanced Barcelona 's image as a focal point for Catalonism , and when Francisco Franco banned the use of the Catalan language , the stadium of Barcelona became one of the few places the people could express their dissatisfaction . The Spanish transition to democracy in 1978 has not dampened the club 's image of Catalan pride . In the 2000s -- a period of sporting success in the club and an increased focus on Catalan players -- club officials have openly called for Catalonia to become an independent state .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ce69d265d906f683b0c9689bc853e973", "text": "Diego Maradona Diego Armando Maradona ( -LSB- ˈdjeɣo maɾaˈðona -RSB- , born 30 October 1960 ) is an Argentine retired professional footballer . He has served as a manager and coach at other clubs as well as the national team of Argentina . Many in the sport , including football writers , players , and fans , regard Maradona as the greatest football player of all time . He was joint FIFA Player of the 20th Century with Pelé . An advanced playmaker who operated in the classic number 10 position , Maradona is the first player in football history to set the world record transfer fee twice , first when he transferred to Barcelona for a then world record # 5 million , and second , when he transferred to Napoli for another record fee # 6.9 million . He played for Argentinos Juniors , Boca Juniors , Barcelona , Napoli , Sevilla and Newell 's Old Boys during his club career , and is most famous for his time at Napoli , where he won numerous accolades . In his international career with Argentina , he earned 91 caps and scored 34 goals . Maradona 's vision , passing , ball control , dribbling skills , speed , reflexes and reaction time was combined with his small size ( 1.65 m tall ) giving him a low center of gravity which allowed him to be more maneuverable than most other football players ; he would often dribble past multiple opposing players on a run . His presence on the pitch had a great effect on his team 's general performance , while he would often be singled out by the opposition . A precocious talent , Maradona was given the nickname `` El Pibe de Oro '' ( `` The Golden Boy '' ) , a name that stuck with him throughout his career . Maradona played in four FIFA World Cups , including the 1986 World Cup in Mexico where he captained Argentina and led them to victory over West Germany in the final , and won the Golden Ball as the tournament 's best player . In the 1986 World Cup quarter final , he scored both goals in a 2 -- 1 victory over England that entered football history for two different reasons . The first goal was an unpenalized handling foul known as the `` Hand of God '' , while the second goal followed a 60 m dribble past five England players , voted `` The Goal of the Century '' by FIFA.com voters in 2002 . Maradona became coach of Argentina in November 2008 . He was in charge of the team at the 2010 World Cup in South Africa before leaving at the end of the tournament . He coached Dubai-based club Al Wasl in the UAE Pro-League for the 2011 -- 12 season . In August 2013 , Maradona joined Argentine Primera D club Deportivo Riestra 's staff as `` spiritual coach '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b1604c93555b9dbbad60a98c82e7b829", "text": "Sports marketing Sports marketing is a subdivision of marketing which focuses both on the promotion of sports events and teams as well as the promotion of other products and services through sporting events and sports teams . It is a service in which the element promoted can be a physical product or a brand name . The goal is to provide the client with strategies to promote the sport or to promote something other than sport through sports . Sport marketing is also designed to meet the needs and wants of the consumer through exchange processes . These strategies follow the traditional four `` P '' 's of general marketing Product , Price , Promotion and Place , another four `` P '' 's are added to sport marketing , relating to the fact sports are considered to be a service . The additional 4 P 's are : Planning , Packaging , Positioning and Perception . The addition of the four extra elements is called the `` sport marketing mix . '' Sports marketing is an element of sports promotion which involves a wide variety of sectors of the sport industry including broadcasting , advertising , social media , digital platforms , ticket sales , and community relations . Sports marketing is divided into three sectors . The first is the advertising of sport and sports associations such as the Olympics , Spanish Football league and the NFL , as well as sport teams like Real Madrid and the New York Yankees . The second concerns the use of sporting events , sporting teams and individual athletes to promote various products . The third category is the promotion of sport to the public in order to increase participation . In the first case , the promotion is directly related to sports . In the second case , the products can but do not have to be directly related to sports . When the promotion is about sports in general , the use of this kind of strategy is called `` Marketing of Sports . '' When the promotion is not about the sports but sports events , athletes , teams or leagues are used to promote different products , the marketing strategy is denominated `` Marketing through sports . '' When the promotion is about increasing participation among the public , it is called `` Grassroots Sports Marketing . '' To promote the products or services , the companies and associations use different channels such as sponsorships of teams or athletes , television or radio advertisement during the different broadcast sports events and celebrations , and/or advertisement on sporting venues . `` Street marketing of sport '' considers sport marketing through billboards on the street and also through urban elements ( street lighters and sidewalks , etc. ) to help promote and gain publicity during major worldwide sporting events such as the Football World Cup , the Olympic Games , or the Super Bowl .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fabe14197a2b8d5a0db7cda1b70d6f85", "text": "Diego Forlán Diego Forlán Corazzo ( -LSB- ˈdjeɣo forˈlan -RSB- ; born 19 May 1979 ) is a Uruguayan footballer who plays as a forward for Indian Super League club Mumbai City FC . He is a two-time winner of both the Pichichi Trophy and the European Golden Shoe , and also received the Golden Ball as the best player at the 2010 World Cup . He is regarded as one of the greatest Uruguayan players of all time . Forlán joined Argentine club Independiente after rising through their youth team , and after a successful four-year spell , he signed for Manchester United of England . His form for United was not as successful as at Independiente , although he won the Premier League in 2002 -- 03 and the FA Cup in 2003 -- 04 . In the summer of 2004 , he moved on to Spanish side Villarreal . In his first season in Spanish football with Villarreal , Forlán scored 25 league goals and won the Pichichi Trophy . After two more successful seasons with Villarreal , Forlán joined Atlético Madrid , where he once again became the league 's top scorer , and became the first player to win the Pichichi Trophy twice since Ronaldo achieved this feat in the 2003 -- 04 season . Forlán scored in Atlético 's 2010 Europa League final victory against Fulham . In 2011 , he joined Inter Milan of Italy before moving to Internacional in 2012 . Forlán also had a successful international career , scoring 36 times for his country since his 2002 debut , including one at the 2002 FIFA World Cup . He was the joint top scorer by scoring five times as Uruguay came fourth at the 2010 World Cup , being recognised with the Golden Ball award for the best player at the tournament . On 12 July 2011 , at the 2011 Copa América in Argentina , Forlán earned his 79th international cap , against Mexico , breaking the record held by former goalkeeper Rodolfo Rodríguez since 1986 . On 20 June 2013 , in a match against Nigeria at the 2013 Confederations Cup , he became the first Uruguayan to win 100 caps . With 36 goals , Forlán was Uruguay 's all-time leading top scorer from 2011 until Luis Suárez overtook him two years later . He retired from international football on 11 March 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "982d6001f1527828a22d2f7c406a0734", "text": "Fla–Flu Fla -- Flu ( truncation of Flamengo-Fluminense ) is an association football match between cross-town rivals Flamengo and Fluminense . Matches take place in the 78,000-seat Maracanã Stadium , located near downtown Rio de Janeiro , in the city 's Maracanã district . The world record football match attendance between clubs is a Fla 0-0 Flu with 194,603 ( 177,656 paid ) in 1963 . The moniker Fla -- Flu was coined by the journalist Mário Filho during the professionalization of Rio de Janeiro 's football . Flamengo is the most successful team in Rio State Championship by one championship . Flamengo has won it 33 times while Fluminense has won 31 . Flamengo has won 6 Brazilian National Championships , as defined by the CBF , the 1987 Copa União ( an independent league organised by the Club of 13 ) and 3 Brazilian Cups . Fluminense has won 4 Brazilian National Championships and 1 Brazilian Cup . Fluminense has won the Copa Rio , which it claims to be equivalent to an intercontinental club tournament . Flamengo has won one Libertadores Cup and one Intercontinental Cup , both in 1981 . Fluminense is the only team in the world that holds the IOC 's Olympic Cup ( `` Coupe Olympique '' or `` Taça Olímpica '' ) , a non-competitive award for distinguished service in upholding the ideals of the Olympic Movement and to recognise the particular merits of institutions or associations and their services rendered to sport , conquered in 1949 . The rivalry between these two clubs began in October 1911 , when a group of dissatisfied players from Fluminense left the club , and went to Flamengo , which at the time had no football department . The first Fla -- Flu ever was played the following year , on July 7 , 1912 at Laranjeiras stadium . Fluminense won this match 3-2 , with 800 people in attendance . The Fla -- Flu matches are mentioned in Lamartine Babo 's unofficial , but very popular , Flamengo anthem composed in 1942 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b502f99f2ee6312d5aa3dd9d6cabd4d6", "text": "American football American football , referred to as football in the United States and Canada , and also known as `` gridiron football '' or simply `` gridiron '' , is a sport played by two teams of eleven players on a rectangular field with goalposts at each end . The offense , the team with control of the oval-shaped football , attempts to advance down the field by running with or passing the ball , while the team without control of the ball , the defense , aims to stop their advance and take control of the ball for themselves . The offense must advance at least ten yards in four downs , or plays , or else they turn over the football to the opposing team ; if they succeed , they are given a new set of four downs . Points are primarily scored by advancing the ball into the opposing team 's end zone for a touchdown or kicking the ball through the opponent 's goalposts for a field goal . The team with the most points at the end of a game wins . American football evolved in the United States , originating from the sports of association football and rugby football . The first game of American football was played on November 6 , 1869 , between two college teams , Rutgers and Princeton , under rules based on the association football rules of the time . During the latter half of the 1870s , colleges playing association football switched to the Rugby Union code , which allowed carrying the ball . A set of rule changes drawn up from 1880 onward by Walter Camp , the `` Father of American Football '' , established the snap , eleven-player teams , and the concept of downs ; later rule changes legalized the forward pass , created the neutral zone , and specified the size and shape of the football . American football as a whole is the most popular sport in the United States . Professional football and college football are the most popular forms of the game , with the other major levels being high school and youth football . , nearly 1.1 million high school athletes and 70,000 college athletes play the sport in the United States annually , almost all of them men , with a few exceptions . The National Football League , the most popular American football league , has the highest average attendance of any professional sports league in the world ; its championship game , the Super Bowl , ranks among the most-watched club sporting events in the world , and the league has an annual revenue of around US$ 10 billion .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1c1c4875272d249cf29398574019932b", "text": "Senegal at the FIFA World Cup This is a record of Senegal 's results at the FIFA World Cup . The FIFA World Cup , sometimes called the Football World Cup or the Soccer World Cup , but usually referred to simply as the World Cup , is an international association football competition contested by the men 's national teams of the members of Fédération Internationale de Football Association ( FIFA ) , the sport 's global governing body . The championship has been awarded every four years since the first tournament in 1930 , except in 1942 and 1946 , due to World War II . The tournament consists of two parts , the qualification phase and the final phase ( officially called the World Cup Finals ) . The qualification phase , which currently take place over the three years preceding the Finals , is used to determine which teams qualify for the Finals . The current format of the Finals involves 32 teams competing for the title , at venues within the host nation ( or nations ) over a period of about a month . The World Cup Finals is the most widely viewed sporting event in the world , with an estimated 715.1 million people watching the 2006 tournament final . Senegal have appeared in the finals of the FIFA World Cup on one occasion in 2002 where they reached the quarter finals .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "19802bb12cd6e2e9fe2c82fab0bcbf15", "text": "Caio Ribeiro Caio Ribeiro Decoussau ( born 16 August 1975 ) is a Brazilian former professional footballer nicknamed Caio , who played as a forward in Brazil with São Paulo , Santos , Flamengo , Fluminense , Gremio and Botafogo , in Italy with Internazionale joining for a world record fee of # 6.6 m for a teenager at the time and Napoli , and in Germany with Rot-Weiß Oberhausen , as well as with the Brazil national team . He participated at the 1995 FIFA World Youth Championship , winning the Golden Ball . He holds dual Brazilian and Italian nationality . Since January 2008 , Caio works as a sportscaster for Brazilian network Rede Globo television .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d84a314d5858449ea1671815afeb2ae3", "text": "3v3 Soccer 3v3 Soccer is a variety of soccer played between two teams . Each team may only have 3 players on the field at a time ( hence providing the name , `` 3 v 3 '' , `` 3 versus 3 '' , or `` 3 on 3 '' ) . This style of soccer is more commonly referred to as a `` small-sided '' game , as compared to a full game with larger teams . The field used is smaller than a regulation soccer pitch , instead it typically is 30 yards wide by 40 yards long , although these dimensions vary quite a bit when the game is played indoors due to the varied styles and sizes of indoor pitches . It uses a much smaller goal than fullsided soccer . In most 3v3 there is no keeper , although one variant , 3v3 Micro Soccer , does use a keeper . `` 3v3 Soccer '' is claimed to be the fastest growing form of soccer in the World . Its greatest popularity is in the United States , where hundreds , and perhaps thousands of Tournaments take place each year , however it is also now begun to catch on in many other countries . Nike helped to popularize it with its international Joga3 Joga Bonito Tour back in 2006 , in which teams qualified at local events around the World , culminating in a big 3v3 World Cup played in Brazil . It is a much faster paced , and higher scoring game than traditional full sided soccer . The speed of the attack , the use of triangulation , and the strategies bring aspects of Hockey into the game . The quick shift from one end of the field to the other after a goal is scored , or upon loss of possession is reminiscent of Basketball . It requires the blending of individual skills with teamwork . Its gain in popularity is largely because every member of the team gets equal playing time , and equal touches on the ball . All players on the field are a part of the play . Because of the speed of the game , and the fact that players are constantly in motion , there are frequent substitutions . A typical player may be rotated on six times or more in one game . There are no permanently assigned positions as there are in full sided soccer , giving each team member equal status and equal importance . This helps to develop individual skills . Currently there are Four major tours in the United States , Colorado based Kick it 3v3 Soccer http://www.kickit3v3.com/ with their World Championship 's held at the ESPN Wide World Of Sports Complex in Florida , Utah based 3v3 Live , Florida based Challenge3v3 and 3v3 World Tour , a 3v3 soccer tour that offers a 3v3 ranking system . There is also a new California based US 3v3 Soccer is promoting 3v3 soccer throughout California and the West . Canada also finally has its own home grown tour attempting to promote 3v3 there . Ontario based Ultimate 3 on 3 Soccer is the first Canadian based 3v3 Soccer Tour .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e2ce9062a4c9b0b78409c391f91c8cc5", "text": "History of American football The history of American football can be traced to early versions of rugby football and association football . Both games have their origin in varieties of football played in Britain in the mid-19th century , in which a football is kicked at a goal or kicked over a line , which in turn were based on the varieties of English public school football games . American football resulted from several major divergences from association football and rugby football , most notably the rule changes instituted by Walter Camp , a Yale University and Hopkins School graduate who is considered to be the `` Father of American Football '' . Among these important changes were the introduction of the line of scrimmage , of down-and-distance rules and of the legalization of interference . In the late 19th and early 20th centuries , gameplay developments by college coaches such as Eddie Cochems , Amos Alonzo Stagg , Parke H. Davis , Knute Rockne , and Glenn `` Pop '' Warner helped take advantage of the newly introduced forward pass . The popularity of college football grew as it became the dominant version of the sport in the United States for the first half of the 20th century . Bowl games , a college football tradition , attracted a national audience for college teams . Boosted by fierce rivalries and colorful traditions , college football still holds widespread appeal in the United States . The origin of professional football can be traced back to 1892 , with William `` Pudge '' Heffelfinger 's $ 500 contract to play in a game for the Allegheny Athletic Association against the Pittsburgh Athletic Club . In 1920 the American Professional Football Association was formed . This league changed its name to the National Football League ( NFL ) two years later , and eventually became the major league of American football . Primarily a sport of Midwestern industrial towns in the United States , professional football eventually became a national phenomenon . The modern era of American football can be considered to have begun after the 1932 NFL Playoff game , which was the first American football game to feature hash marks , the legalization of the forward pass anywhere behind the line of scrimmage , the first indoor game since 1902 , and the movement of the goal posts back to goal line . Other innovations to occur immediately after 1932 , were the introduction of the AP Poll in 1934 , the tapering of the ends of the football in 1934 , the awarding of the first Heisman Trophy in 1935 , the first NFL draft in 1936 and the first televised game in 1939 . Another important event was the American football game at the 1932 Summer Olympics , which combined with a similar demonstration game at 1933 World 's Fair , led to the first College All-Star Game in 1934 , which in turn was an important factor in the growth of professional football in the United States . American football 's explosion in popularity during the second half of the 20th century can be traced to the 1958 NFL Championship Game , a contest that has been dubbed the `` Greatest Game Ever Played '' . A rival league to the NFL , the American Football League ( AFL ) , began play in 1960 ; the pressure it put on the senior league led to a merger between the two leagues and the creation of the Super Bowl , which has become the most watched television event in the United States on an annual basis .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "87a41e104e73d81b95a6623243e4d8b8", "text": "Cruz Azul Cruz Azul b , A.C , or simply Cruz Azul ( -LSB- kɾus aˈsul -RSB- , `` Blue Cross '' ) , is a Mexican football club that plays in the top division of Mexican football , Liga MX . The team was originally based in the town of Jasso ( now part of the `` city cooperative '' Ciudad Cooperativa Cruz Azul ) , south of Tula de Allende in the state of Hidalgo . The team moved to Mexico City in 1971 to play at the Estadio Azteca . Its current home venue is the Estadio Azul , located in the southwestern part of Mexico City in the Colonia Ciudad de los Deportes , adjacent the Nápoles neighborhood . Its headquarters are in La Noria , a suburb within Xochimilco in the southern part of Mexico City . Cruz Azul will return to the Estadio Azteca in 2018 . Cruz Azul has been the Primera División champions 8 times , trailing Toluca 's 10 , C.D. Guadalajara 's and Club América 's 12 . Cruz Azul 's six titles makes it the second most successful club in the history of the CONCACAF Champions League , the most prestigious international club competition in North American football , trailing Mexico City rivals , Club America . Cruz Azul was also the first CONCACAF team to reach the final of the Copa Libertadores , the most prestigious club competition in South American football ( which has invited top Liga MX clubs since 1998 ) , losing on penalties to Argentine football giants Boca Juniors in 2001 . In the 1968 -- 69 season , Cruz Azul became the first CONCACAF club ( and fifth worldwide club ) to complete a rare Continental Treble , winning the Mexican Primera División championship , the Copa México national tournament , and the CONCACAF Champions League . The International Federation of Football History & Statistics , in its Club World Ranking for year ending December 31 , 2014 , places Cruz Azul as the 99th best club in the world and the 3rd best club in CONCACAF . According to several polls published , Cruz Azul is the third most popular team in Mexico , behind only C.D. Guadalajara and Club América .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "90a86e787a5094297dd9fc7461dcc68d", "text": "Slovakia at the FIFA World Cup This is a record of Slovakia 's results at the FIFA World Cup . The FIFA World Cup , sometimes called the Football World Cup or the Soccer World Cup , but usually referred to simply as the World Cup , is an international association football competition contested by the men 's national teams of the members of Fédération Internationale de Football Association ( FIFA ) , the sport 's global governing body . The championship has been awarded every four years since the first tournament in 1930 , except in 1942 and 1946 , due to World War II . The tournament consists of two parts , the qualification phase and the final phase ( officially called the World Cup Finals ) . The qualification phase , which currently take place over the three years preceding the Finals , is used to determine which teams qualify for the Finals . The current format of the Finals involves 32 teams competing for the title , at venues within the host nation ( or nations ) over a period of about a month . The World Cup Finals is the most widely viewed sporting event in the world , with an estimated 715.1 million people watching the 2006 tournament final . Slovakia have appeared in the finals of the FIFA World Cup on one occasion in 2010 where they reached the second round .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d8ae0e4c5dfe9d9028879475a8eecd23", "text": "Copa Aldao The Copa Ricardo Aldao ( English : Ricardo Aldao Cup ) , popularly called Campeonato Rioplatense and Copa Río de La Plata , was a football club competition contested annually , albeit irregularly , between the league champions of Argentina and Uruguay . The cup is one of several inter-South American club competitions that have been organised on the continent . The first competition was scheduled for the 1913 season ( although it was never played ) and the last in 1955 ( actually played in 1959 , no champions proclaimed ) . The Copa Ricardo Aldao is seen today as the first stepping-stone into the creation of Copa Libertadores . In 2009 , when the IFFHS proclaimed Peñarol of Montevideo as the best South American team of the 20th century , they took into consideration the Copa Aldao and other international club tournaments played in South America before the beginning of Copa Libertadores in 1960 . In August 2015 a CONMEBOL 's article described Aldao Cup as the first official international professional football cup in South America .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6a3a22fa2c465ee188baaa5c5a7aca44", "text": "Christian Neiva Afonso Christian Neiva Afonso ( born 10 December 1994 ) , known as Kiki , is a Portuguese footballer who plays for Olhanense as a midfielder .", "title": "" } ]	fever
39b6a6e425946608a6c3f8ceaab4e87c	Red Hot Chili Peppers' original line-up included a guitarist.	[ { "docid": "6d26deaa9818e5d701c375ab34b2ff8d", "text": "Red Hot Chili Peppers Red Hot Chili Peppers , also sometimes shortened to The Chili Peppers or abbreviated as RHCP , are an American alternative rock/funk rock band formed in Los Angeles in 1983 . The group 's musical style primarily consists of rock with an emphasis on funk , as well as elements from other genres such as punk rock and psychedelic rock . When played live , their music incorporates elements of jam band due to the improvised nature of much of their performances . Currently , the band consists of founding members vocalist Anthony Kiedis and bassist Flea , longtime drummer Chad Smith , and former touring guitarist Josh Klinghoffer . Red Hot Chili Peppers are one of the best-selling bands of all time with over 80 million records sold worldwide , have been nominated for sixteen Grammy Awards , of which they have won six , and are the most successful band in alternative rock radio history , currently holding the records for most number-one singles ( 13 ) , most cumulative weeks at number one ( 85 ) and most top-ten songs ( 25 ) on the Billboard Alternative Songs chart . In 2012 , they were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame . The band 's original line-up , originally named Tony Flow and the Miraculously Majestic Masters of Mayhem , featured guitarist Hillel Slovak and drummer Jack Irons , alongside Kiedis and Flea . Because of commitments to other bands , Slovak and Irons did not play on the band 's self-titled debut album ( 1984 ) . Slovak performed on the second and third albums , Freaky Styley ( 1985 ) and The Uplift Mofo Party Plan ( 1987 ) , but he died from a heroin overdose in 1988 . As a result of his friend 's death , Irons chose to leave the group . After short-lived replacements at guitar and drums , John Frusciante and Chad Smith joined in 1988 . The line-up of Flea , Kiedis , Frusciante , and Smith was the longest-lasting and recorded five studio albums beginning with Mother 's Milk ( 1989 ) . In 1990 , the group signed with Warner Bros. . Records and recorded the album Blood Sugar Sex Magik ( 1991 ) under producer Rick Rubin . This album became the band 's first commercial success , but Frusciante grew uncomfortable with it and left abruptly in 1992 in the middle of the Blood Sugar Sex Magik Tour . After two temporary guitarists , Dave Navarro joined the group in 1993 and played on their subsequent album , One Hot Minute ( 1995 ) . Although commercially successful , the album failed to match the critical or popular acclaim of Blood Sugar Sex Magik , selling less than half as much as its predecessor . Navarro was fired from the band in 1998 . Frusciante , fresh out of drug rehabilitation , rejoined the band that same year at Flea 's request . The reunited quartet returned to the studio to record Californication ( 1999 ) , which became the band 's biggest commercial success with 16 million copies worldwide . That album was followed three years later by By the Way ( 2002 ) , and then four years later by the double album Stadium Arcadium ( 2006 ) , their first number-one album in America . After a world tour , the group went on an extended hiatus . Frusciante announced he was amicably leaving the band in 2009 to focus on his solo career . Klinghoffer , who had worked both as a sideman for the band on their Stadium Arcadium tour and on Frusciante 's solo projects , replaced him . The band 's tenth studio album , I 'm with You , was released in 2011 and topped the charts in 18 different countries . The band released their eleventh studio album , The Getaway , in 2016 . The album was produced by Danger Mouse , marking the first time since 1989 's Mother 's Milk that the Red Hot Chili Peppers had not worked with Rubin , and topped the charts in ten different countries .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "4c74f43886317e2513d88e66c90499fb", "text": "Eddie Perez (guitarist) Edward Anthony Perez ( born June 26 , 1968 in Los Angeles , California ) is an American guitarist and singer . He currently tours and records with The Mavericks after a long time of being on tour with Dwight Yoakam . Perez joined the Grammy award-winning , multi-platinum band The Mavericks as a member in 2003 . He has also played with other notable artists such as James Intveld , Connie Smith , Jim Lauderdale , Miranda Lambert , Lee Ann Womack , Gary Allan and Kim Richey . In addition to his work with The Mavericks , he has worked with Mavericks ' lead singer , Raul Malo , on his solo projects , including the Peter Asher-produced record , You 're Only Lonely . He can be seen on the DVDs The Mavericks - Live in Austin , Texas , as well as the DVD Return to Sin City : A Tribute to Gram Parsons . He also appears in CMT 's 100 Greatest Love Songs and CMT 's 100 Greatest Duets . Born in Los Angeles , Perez grew up listening to rock guitarists of the 1970s and 1980s . `` My heroes were Jimmy Page , Jeff Beck , Van Halen and Ace Frehley , '' Perez told the Pittsburgh City Paper in June 2016 . `` Everything a big-eyed boy would find fascinating about rock 'n' roll , that was me . I was 12 years old and my father took me to see ZZ Top and it blew my mind . I was never the same after that . '' Perez began playing in bands at the age of 13 and discovered Honky Tonk music when he first heard `` Guitars and Cadillacs '' by Dwight Yoakam , with whom he would later perform . `` Hearing that really turned me around and it gave me a focus . From then on I started to learn everything I could about that music . But then I also had that rock 'n' roll background , too . '' In 2003 , Perez replaced Nick Kane in the Mavericks , just a short time before the band broke up . A consummate showman , Perez is known for his flair on stage both in his dress and in his stage movements . `` You would n't think that an influence of Jimmy Page or Angus Young of AC/DC would fit into the Mavericks , but somehow it does , '' Perez says of his stage presence . `` When I 'm on stage , I show up to give a performance because that 's what I would want to see . You dig what I 'm saying ? I 'm not so much thinking it as much as I 'm feeling it . I try to get to the most real , honest place that I can within each song . What I 'm doing on stage is a visual to what that sound feels like to me . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d28e229400924c8477c25523eccb51f8", "text": "Wah Wah Watson Melvin Ragin ( born December 8 , 1950 ) , better known by the nickname `` Wah Wah Watson '' , is an American guitarist and session musician famed for his skills with a wah-wah pedal .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "13122c973a76a90f2fb34b88b6559108", "text": "Richard Lloyd (guitarist) Richard Lloyd ( born October 25 , 1951 ) is an American guitarist , singer and songwriter , best known as a founding member of the rock band Television .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9c67ef77db0e8cfffadf343b40133d5d", "text": "Ross the Boss Ross Friedman ( born January 3 , 1954 , in the Bronx , New York ) , also known as Ross the Boss , is a guitarist , known as a founding member of both the punk band The Dictators , and the heavy metal band Manowar .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "504d849a963cb440636fd5dc8897d828", "text": "G. E. Smith George Edward `` G. E. '' Smith ( born January 27 , 1952 ) is an American guitarist . He was the lead guitarist in the band Hall & Oates and the musical director of Saturday Night Live . Smith was lead guitarist of Bob Dylan 's touring band from June 7 , 1988 , to October 19 , 1990 . Smith also served as musical director of The 30th Anniversary Concert Celebration for Bob Dylan at Madison Square Garden on October 16 , 1992 . As a session player , Smith has performed and recorded with an exceptionally wide spectrum of influential artists . His own albums include In The World ( 1981 ) , Get A Little ( with the Saturday Night Live Band , 1993 ) and Incense , Herbs and Oils ( 1998 ) . Smith was the lead guitarist for the band Moonalice until December 2009 . He played guitar in the tour of Roger Waters ' The Wall Live . Smith and his band provided entertainment at the Republican National Convention in Tampa Florida in the last week of August 2012 as well as the Republican National Convention in Cleveland , Ohio during July 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f6eb4c4d139d2f80591007c0f0101732", "text": "Woodstock 1994 (Red Hot Chili Peppers album) Woodstock 1994 is a bootleg recording and a unofficial release of the Red Hot Chili Peppers , recorded on August 14 , 1994 at Woodstock ' 94 . The concert was released on CD and 2-LP Vinyl in 2016 . This concert was part of the band 's Tour de La Sensitive and was the second performance with guitarist Dave Navarro . The performance featured the live debut of the songs `` Aeroplane '' , `` Warped '' and `` Pea '' which would be featured on the band 's 1995 album , One Hot Minute although with slightly different lyrics than the live versions performed at Woodstock ' 94 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e693d38c91af0b2a17aa408fc045e806", "text": "Slim Richey David Michael Richey ( February 11 , 1938 -- May 31 , 2015 ) , better known as Slim Richey , was an American jazz guitarist , fiddle player , bandleader , and publisher who was known for his long white beard and eclectic guitar style that crossed genres from jazz to swing to country . Slim 's self-proclaimed moniker , `` The most dangerous guitar player in Texas '' was displayed on the The Paramount Theatre Marquee in Austin , Texas , on June 1 , 2015 , in remembrance to his contribution to Texas music .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab230d1b52cd6baf35b3757e76f69d65", "text": "Eruption (instrumental) `` Eruption '' is an instrumental rock guitar solo performed by Eddie Van Halen . It is widely considered one of the greatest guitar solos of all time . It segues into `` You Really Got Me '' on the album Van Halen , and the two songs are often played together by radio stations . The song was also released as the b-side to the `` Runnin ' with the Devil '' single . `` Eruption '' starts with a short accompanied intro with Alex Van Halen on drums and Michael Anthony on bass . The highlight of the solo is the use of two-handed tapping . `` Eruption '' was played on the Frankenstrat , with a MXR Phase 90 , an Echoplex , a Univox echo unit and a 1968 Marshall 1959 Super Lead tube amp . The Sunset Sound studio reverb room was also used to add reverb . The Frankenstrat was tuned down a half-step . `` Eruption '' begins in the key of A flat and ends on an E flat note that is a twelfth fret , 6th string harmonic processed through a Univox EC-80 echo unit . The `` Eruption '' introduction is based on the `` Let Me Swim '' introduction by Cactus . After the intro , an E-flat major quotation of the `` Etude No. 2 '' by Rodolphe Kreutzer is heard . The end section begins with a series of rapid two-handed tapping triads that have a classical like structure and eventually finishes with a repeated classical cadence followed by sound effects generated by a Univox EC-80 echo unit . The piece that would later be named `` Eruption '' had existed as part of Van Halen 's stage act at least as far back as 1976 , when it featured no tapping . `` Eruption '' popularized the tapping trend of the '80s . Although one-handed tapping ( hammer-ons and pull-offs ) had been previously done by many guitarists , `` Eruption '' introduced two-handed tapping to the mainstream popular rock audience . Previously , Baroque-like tapping had been recorded by Steve Hackett of Genesis in 1971/1972 . Initially , `` Eruption '' was not considered as a song for the Van Halen album as it was just a guitar solo Eddie performed live in the clubs but Ted Templeman overheard it in the studio as Eddie was rehearsing it for a club date at the Whisky a Go Go and decided to include it on the album . Eddie recalled `` I did n't even play it right . There 's a mistake at the top end of it . To this day , whenever I hear it , I always think , ` Man , I could 've played it better . ' '' `` Spanish Fly '' , an acoustic guitar solo on Van Halen II , can be viewed as a nylon-string version of `` Eruption '' , expanding on similar techniques . Similarly , it was suggested by Templeman for inclusion on the album after he heard Eddie Van Halen playing a classical guitar . In March 2005 , Q magazine placed `` Eruption '' at number 29 in its list of the 100 Greatest Guitar Tracks . `` Eruption '' has been named the 2nd greatest guitar solo by Guitar World magazine -LSB- citation needed -RSB- .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e63184c7dd1f1531d94798984c3ac3ea", "text": "Jerry Garcia Jerome John Garcia ( August 1 , 1942 -- August 9 , 1995 ) was an American singer-songwriter and guitarist , best known for his work as the lead guitarist and as a vocalist with the band the Grateful Dead , which came to prominence during the counterculture era in the 1960s . Although he disavowed the role , Garcia was viewed by many as the leader or `` spokesman '' of the group . One of its founders , Garcia performed with the Grateful Dead for their entire thirty-year career ( 1965 -- 1995 ) . Garcia also founded and participated in a variety of side projects , including the Saunders -- Garcia Band ( with longtime friend Merl Saunders ) , the Jerry Garcia Band , Old and in the Way , the Garcia/Grisman acoustic duo , Legion of Mary , and the New Riders of the Purple Sage ( which Garcia co-founded with John Dawson and David Nelson ) . He also released several solo albums , and contributed to a number of albums by other artists over the years as a session musician . He was well known for his distinctive guitar playing and was ranked 13th in Rolling Stone 's `` 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time '' cover story . Later in life , Garcia was sometimes ill because of his diabetes , and in 1986 went into a diabetic coma that nearly cost him his life . Although his overall health improved somewhat after that , he also struggled with heroin and cocaine addictions , and was staying in a California drug rehabilitation facility when he died of a heart attack in August 1995 at the age of 53 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a3813928354bbdf1e3061c8f6cf50c4", "text": "Vibrato systems for guitar A variety of mechanical vibrato systems for guitar have been developed since the 1920 's . They are used to add vibrato to the sound by changing the tension of the strings , typically at the bridge or tailpiece of an electric guitar using a controlling lever ( often referred to as a whammy bar , vibrato arm/bar , or incorrectly as tremolo arm/bar ) . The lever enables the player to quickly vary the tension and sometimes the length of the strings temporarily , changing the pitch to create a vibrato , portamento or pitch bend effect . Instruments without this device have other bridge and tailpiece systems . The mechanical vibrato systems began as a device for more easily producing the vibrato effects that blues and jazz guitarists had long produced on arch top guitars by manipulating the tailpiece with their picking hand . However , it has also made many sounds possible that could not be produced by the old technique , such as the 1980s-era shred guitar `` dive bombing '' effect . Since the regular appearance of mechanical vibrato systems in the 1950s , they have been used by many guitarists , ranging from the gentle inflections of Chet Atkins , the exaggerated twang effects of Duane Eddy and the buoyant effects of surf music aficionados like The Ventures , The Shadows and Dick Dale . In the 1960s and 1970s , vibrato arms were used for more pronounced effects by Jimi Hendrix , Jeff Beck , David Gilmour , Ritchie Blackmore , Jimmy Page , and Frank Zappa . In the 1980s , shred guitar virtuosos such as Eddie Van Halen , Joe Satriani and Steve Vai , and metal guitarists such as Ritchie Blackmore and Kirk Hammett used the `` whammy bar '' in a range of metal-influenced styles . The pitch-bending effects , whether subtle inflections or exaggerated effects , have become an important part of many styles of electric guitar . Terje Rypdal , David Torn and David Duhig have added to the language and extended techniques of vibrato bar usage . Despite the common misnomer tremolo arm , these devices can not produce tremolo in the normal sense of the word , but can produce vibrato ; while some electronic `` vibrato units '' used by electric guitarists generally produce a tremolo effect , rather than vibrato . See `` Vibrato or Tremolo '' . Guitars equipped with any vibrato system can be harder to re-string , tune , and keep in tune than `` stop-tail '' ( fixed tailpiece ) guitars .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2dd5459f5790da3c674c8224d6f5fbca", "text": "Sun Red Sun Sun Red Sun was an American heavy metal project created by guitarist Al B. Romano . It also featured several prominent musicians : vocalists Ray Gillen of Badlands and Black Sabbath , and John West of Artension and Royal Hunt ; drummer Bobby Rondinelli of Rainbow ; bassists Mike Starr of Alice in Chains and John McCoy of Gillan ; and lead guitarist Chris Caffery of Savatage and Trans-Siberian Orchestra .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fbf4c2d1d235906349f9306b4eea0463", "text": "Michael Ray (guitarist) Michael Rea ( born April 4 , 1960 ) better known by his stage name Michael Ray is an American guitarist , songwriter and record producer . He was the lead guitarist for the punk rock band Plasmatics and for Wendy O. Williams solo projects . He also worked with hard rock band Kiss and toured with the English rock band Motörhead .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "88ba77533c5bed2abc29f08e90b37b6b", "text": "Guitarist A guitarist ( or a guitar player ) is a person who plays the guitar . Guitarists may play a variety of guitar family instruments such as classical guitars , acoustic guitars , electric guitars , and bass guitars . Some guitarists accompany themselves on the guitar by singing or playing the harmonica .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "00b2d2ed73c0c98251fb580fc8e5e60c", "text": "Buckethead Brian Patrick Carroll ( born May 13 , 1969 ) , known professionally as Buckethead , is an American guitarist and multi-instrumentalist who has worked within many genres of music . He has released 294 studio albums , four special releases and one EP . He has also performed on more than 50 other albums by other artists . His music spans many diverse areas such as progressive metal , funk , blues , Heavy Metal , bluegrass , ambient , and avant-garde music . Buckethead is famous for wearing a KFC bucket on his head , emblazoned with an orange bumper sticker reading FUNERAL in capital black block letters , and an expressionless plain white mask , which , according to Buckethead , was inspired by his seeing Halloween 4 : The Return of Michael Myers . At one point , he changed to a plain white bucket that no longer bore the KFC logo , but subsequently reverted to his trademark KFC bucket . He also incorporates nunchaku and robot dancing into his stage performances . As an instrumentalist , Buckethead has received critical acclaim for his electric guitar playing , and is considered one of today 's more innovative guitarists . He has been voted number 8 on a list in GuitarOne magazine of the `` Top 10 Fastest Guitar Shredders of All Time '' as well as being included in Guitar Worlds lists of the `` 25 all-time weirdest guitarists '' and the `` 50 fastest guitarists of all time '' . He performs primarily as a solo artist , though he has collaborated extensively with a wide variety of high-profile artists such as Bill Laswell , Bootsy Collins , Bernie Worrell , Iggy Pop , Les Claypool , Serj Tankian , Bill Moseley , Mike Patton , Viggo Mortensen , That 1 Guy , Bassnectar , and was a member of Guns N ' Roses from 2000 to 2004 . Buckethead has also written and performed music for major motion pictures , including : Saw II , Ghosts of Mars , Beverly Hills Ninja , Mortal Kombat , Mortal Kombat : Annihilation , Last Action Hero , and contributed lead guitar to the track `` Firebird '' featured on the Mighty Morphin Power Rangers : The Movie soundtrack .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fceba37647a90c98847e1ab84e443559", "text": "Tour de La Sensitive Tour de La Sensitive was a short 1994 concert tour by the Red Hot Chili Peppers and their first with guitarist , Dave Navarro who joined the band in 1993 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "73948acdf584626f2ba898105cc55899", "text": "Dave Parsons Dave Parsons ( born David Richard Parsons , 2 July 1965 ) is a British bass guitarist .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5469ead7c2a18984679542a83dddba89", "text": "Trevor Burton Trevor Burton ( born Trevor Ireson , 9 March 1944 , Aston , Birmingham , England ) is an English guitarist and is a founding member of The Move .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5190e5b9c27894ff314eb78d6c126fe3", "text": "Malcolm Ross (musician) Malcolm Ross ( born 31 July 1960 in Blantyre , Malawi ) is a Scottish guitarist . His musical career started when he played guitar in the Scottish band Josef K . They released a string of singles and an album , The Only Fun in Town , on Postcard Records in the early 1980s . After the demise of Josef K , Ross joined Edwyn Collins in the group Orange Juice , playing and writing songs for both the Rip it Up and Texas Fever albums . After Orange Juice , Ross joined Roddy Frame in Aztec Camera as second guitarist , and recorded and toured the Mark Knopfler produced Knife album . Next Ross embarked on other projects such as the High Bees with his wife , Syuzen Buckley , and Dave Ruffy ( formerly with The Ruts ) . In the mid-1980s and throughout the 1990s , Ross worked with many artists such as former Josef K bandmate Paul Haig , Momus , Edwyn Collins , Moodist Dave Graney and The Coral Snakes , Blancmange and Barry Adamson ( ex-Magazine and The Bad Seeds ) . He was also hired as musical consultant on The Beatles biographical film Backbeat ( 1993 ) , and contributed to the original musical score of the film Chocolat ( 2000 ) , playing guitar alongside Johnny Depp . Ross appeared on ex-Fire Engine Davy Henderson 's band The Nectarine No. 9 's last album , I Love Total Destruction ( 2004 ) and is currently working with another ex-Fire Engine , Russell Burn , in their new band , Stac Lee . Ross continues to play with wife Syuzen in the excellent group Buckley 's Chance , mostly around Edinburgh , Scotland . He has also worked in various one off projects including The Lonely Crowd with Bassist Billy Buckley ( his brother-in-law ) , Drummer Chris McArthur and New York songwriter Spike Priggen . Ross ' solo career includes two solo albums on the German label Marina Records , some danny lamb and the associations ( 1995 ) and Euan Morton ( 1998 ) . A compilation of Ross ' work was released on Re-Action Recordings in 2006 , and he recently was performing as a member of Barry Adamson 's live band . The future will see Ross collaborating with Hulk Hogan and Lenny Henry , as well as producing the debut album from Erskine 's . He supports Hibernian Football Club", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c5887bf4536e3e9d113ecafcf355f517", "text": "Elvis Presley's guitars Elvis Presley 's guitars were a major component of the iconic rock and roll image created by Elvis Presley that revolutionized popular culture in the 1950s and 1960s . It is impossible to gauge the impact of that image on millions of young people around the world who were inspired to learn to play guitar after watching Presley in performance , on television , or in films . Although not known for his abilities as a guitarist , Presley had a profound musical influence on some of the most important rock and roll artists to emerge since the 1950s , including Buddy Holly , John Lennon , Paul McCartney , George Harrison , Bob Dylan , and Bruce Springsteen . The extent of Presley 's impact on their lives and music is captured in John Lennon 's famous quote : `` Before Elvis , there was nothing . '' According to his first lead guitarist , Scotty Moore , Presley was not `` an accomplished musician '' , yet he possessed `` an uncanny and amazing sense of timing and rhythm . '' In the early years of his career , Presley 's rhythm guitar accompaniment played a major role in the sound of his early performances and recordings . Moore noted that as Presley began to learn to move on stage and to work the audience with his physical performance , his guitar became more of a `` prop '' . Presley was not known to treat his instruments in a gentle manner . His very aggressive strumming style would frequently break strings during his performances . The lack of a microphone on his guitar throughout those years contributed to the development of his `` aggressive style in attempt to be heard '' . As his career progressed , he became even more aggressive toward his instruments , frequently tossing his guitar to Charlie Hodge , who sometimes failed to catch it . The impact of the large belt buckles and jewelry he wore left their marks on most of his instruments .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ea5c73bef2af8c16b0720cc14ff4064", "text": "Randy Parsons Randy Parsons is an American luthier whose client list includes Jack White , Jimmy Page , Sammy Hagar , Death Cab for Cutie , Peter Frampton , Joe Perry , and Modest Mouse . Parsons has a reputation for using hand tools and traditional methods of guitar building in order to make his work more authentic and personal . His approach is to treat each new guitar like it 's a one-of-a-kind sculpture , and he embraces construction techniques used in the '50s , '60s and '70s . He does not use newer technologies such as CNC machines , plek and fret machines . He is also known for using atypical items in his guitars , such as bones , skulls and other organic materials . Parsons created a line of high-end electric guitars built from recycled car tires , newspapers , non-endangered woods and ceramics . Parsons creates unique finishes and treatments on his guitars . Parsons used peach colored rose petals that were dried in books and painstakingly applied to the guitar body for the model known as Peach Thief , which was built for singer/songwriter Karen Elson . Despite starting with no training as a luthier , he has built a business with five different shops . Until 2013 he worked out of his main shop in Seattle , which was run by five women , three of whom are luthiers . In August 2013 , Parsons moved with his main shop to Ventura , California . Parsons has made 5 guitars for Jack White . White hired Parsons to have a custom Gretsch guitar made rather than working directly with the Gretsch Guitar Company . White wanted the color of the guitar to be copper for the Raconteurs . White 's ideas were integrated into the guitar which would be known as the Triple Jet . The original guitar was painted a copper color . Parsons later suggested using a real copper top . Parsons built the Triple Jet III , which is now White 's number one guitar . Parsons and White are featured in the documentary `` It Might Get Loud , '' directed by Davis Guggenheim . A modified Gretsch Anniversary Jr. production model is introduced in the movie , which represents an interesting collaboration between White as a creative musician , and Parsons as a guitar builder . Parsons installed a coil from an industrial vacuum cleaner in this guitar named The Green Machine , so that the body could hold a retractable green bullet microphone that White pulls out to sing into . After seeing the movie , Gretsch Guitars asked Parsons to create his own signature guitar for them . Parsons built a dark , gothic , hot rod Gretsch prototype which uses dried red sunflower seed petals for the finish . A documentary short film about Parsons , Randy Parsons : American Luthier , premiered at the ITSA Film Festival at the Historic Sonoma Opera Hall on October 1 , 2011 . The film made its television debut on Public Television as part of Reel NW \| Season four . It was nominated for an Emmy Award in April , 2015 .", "title": "" } ]	fever
58ebfd3c3ba3f39a55a1d891840c3181	The Wolf of Wall Street received a nomination for Best Picture.	[ { "docid": "81ed2e522b6f3bcfa45613e220a0d725", "text": "The Wolf of Wall Street (2013 film) The Wolf of Wall Street is a 2013 American biographical black comedy crime film directed by Martin Scorsese . The screenplay by Terence Winter is adapted from the memoir of the same name by Jordan Belfort and recounts Belfort 's perspective on his career as a stockbroker in New York City and how his firm Stratton Oakmont engaged in rampant corruption and fraud on Wall Street that ultimately led to his downfall . Leonardo DiCaprio ( who also co-produced the film ) stars as Belfort , with Jonah Hill as his business partner and friend Donnie Azoff , Margot Robbie as his second wife Naomi Lapaglia and Kyle Chandler as Patrick Denham , the FBI agent who tries to bring him down . Matthew McConaughey , Rob Reiner , Jon Favreau , Joanna Lumley and Jean Dujardin are also featured . The film marks the director 's fifth collaboration with DiCaprio , after Gangs of New York ( 2002 ) , The Aviator ( 2004 ) , The Departed ( 2006 ) and Shutter Island ( 2010 ) , as well as his second collaboration with Winter after the television series Boardwalk Empire ( 2010 -- 14 ) . The Wolf of Wall Street premiered in New York City on December 17 , 2013 and was released theatrically on December 25 , 2013 in the United States , distributed by Paramount Pictures . The film was the first to be released entirely through digital distribution . It was a major commercial success , grossing more than $ 392 million worldwide during its original theatrical run to become Scorsese 's highest-grossing movie and the 17th-highest-grossing film of 2013 . The film was controversial for its morally ambiguous depiction of events , explicit sexual content , profanity , depiction of hard drug use and the use of animals during production . The film also caused controversy due to revelations that it was financed by illegally obtained funds from 1Malaysia Development Berhad ( 1MDB ) . The film received mostly positive reviews from critics , with praise for Scorsese 's direction , the comedic performance of DiCaprio and the fast-paced and consistent humor . The film was nominated for several awards including five nominations at the 86th Academy Awards ceremony : Best Picture , Best Director for Scorsese , Best Writing ( Adapted Screenplay ) for Winter and Best Actor and Best Supporting Actor nominations for DiCaprio and Hill , respectively . The film did not win in any category , although DiCaprio did win Best Actor -- Motion Picture Musical or Comedy at the 71st Golden Globe Awards , where the film was also nominated for Best Picture -- Musical or Comedy . It was also recognized by numerous other awards ceremonies , as well as guilds and critics ' associations . The word `` fuck '' and its numerous conjugations are said between 506 and 569 times , making this the film with the most uses of the word in a mainstream , non-documentary film .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "265457bbd71c6794b018f6d68b1e85e8", "text": "25th Academy Awards The 25th Academy Awards ceremony was held on March 19 , 1953 . It took place at the RKO Pantages Theatre in Hollywood , California , and the NBC International Theatre in New York City . It was the first Academy Awards ceremony to be televised , and the first ceremony to be held in Hollywood and New York City simultaneously . It was also the only year that the New York ceremonies were to be held in the NBC International Theatre on Columbus Circle , which was shortly thereafter demolished and replaced by the New York Coliseum convention center . A major upset occurred in the category of Best Picture . The heavily favored High Noon lost to Cecil B. DeMille 's The Greatest Show on Earth , eventually considered among the worst films to have won the Academy Award for Best Picture . The American film magazine Premiere placed the movie on its list of the 10 worst Oscar winners and the British film magazine Empire rated it # 3 on their list of the 10 worst Oscar winners . It has the lowest spot on Rotten Tomatoes ' list of the 81 films to win Best Picture . Of all the films nominated for the Oscar this year , only High Noon and Singin ' in the Rain would show up 46 years later on the American Film Institute list of the greatest American films of the 20th Century . For a film that only received two nominations , Singin ' in the Rain went on to be named as the greatest American musical film of all time and in the 2007 American Film Institute updated list as the fifth greatest American film of all time , while High Noon was ranked twenty-seventh on the same 2007 list , as well . The Bad and the Beautiful won five awards , the most wins ever for a film not nominated for Best Picture . It was also the second Academy Awards in which a film not nominated for Best Picture received the most awards of the evening , excluding years where there were ties for the most wins . The only other film to do this was The Thief of Bagdad at the 13th Academy Awards ; as of the 87th Academy Awards , it has not happened since . Until Spotlight won only Best Picture and Best Original Screenplay at the 88th Academy Awards , this was the last year in which the Best Picture winner won just two Oscars . It was also the second of three years to date in which two films not nominated for Best Picture received more nominations than the winner ( The Bad and the Beautiful and Hans Christian Andersen , both with six ) . This occurred again at the 79th Academy Awards . Shirley Booth also became the last person to win an Oscar in a Leading Role to be born in the 19th century . She also holds the distinction of being the first woman in her 50s to win the award , at the age of 54 ( the second woman in her 50s to win , Julianne Moore , was 54 when awarded at the 87th Academy Awards ) . John Ford 's fourth win for Best Director set a record for the most wins in this category that remains unmatched to this day . For the first time since the introduction of Supporting Actor and Actress awards in 1936 , Best Picture , Best Director , and all four acting Oscars went to six different films . This has happened only three times since , at the 29th Academy Awards for 1956 , the 78th for 2005 , and the 85th for 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f0c4b8075d2fcc25bf1ffc9a87378847", "text": "The Hustler (film) The Hustler is a 1961 American drama film directed by Robert Rossen from Walter Tevis 's 1959 novel of the same name , adapted for the screen by Rossen and Sidney Carroll . It tells the story of small-time pool hustler `` Fast Eddie '' Felson and his desire to break into the `` major league '' of professional hustling and high-stakes wagering by high-rollers that follows it . He throws his raw talent and ambition up against the best player in the country ; seeking to best the legendary pool player `` Minnesota Fats . '' After initially losing to Fats and getting involved with unscrupulous manager Bert Gordon , Eddie returns to try again , but only after paying a terrible personal price . The film was shot on location in New York City . It stars Paul Newman as `` Fast '' Eddie Felson , Jackie Gleason as Minnesota Fats , Piper Laurie as Sarah , and George C. Scott as Bert . The Hustler was a major critical and popular success , gaining a reputation as a modern classic . Its exploration of winning , losing , and character garnered a number of major awards ; it is also credited with helping to spark a resurgence in the popularity of pool . Real-life pool player Rudolf Wanderone , known at the time as `` New York Fats '' and `` Chicago Fats '' , claimed to be the real life inspiration for Gleason 's character , Minnesota Fats , and adopted the name as his own .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "85d9df8bd148ebf5bd18a619ff7d678b", "text": "Tower Heist Tower Heist is a 2011 American heist comedy film directed by Brett Ratner and written by Ted Griffin and Jeff Nathanson , based on a story by Bill Collage , Adam Cooper and Griffin . The plot follows Josh Kovaks ( Ben Stiller ) , Charlie Gibbs ( Casey Affleck ) and Enrique Dev ` reaux ( Michael Peña ) , employees of an exclusive apartment building who lose their pensions in the Ponzi scheme of Wall Street businessman Arthur Shaw ( Alan Alda ) . The group enlist the aid of criminal Slide ( Eddie Murphy ) , bankrupt businessman Mr. Fitzhugh ( Matthew Broderick ) and another employee of the apartment building , Odessa ( Gabourey Sidibe ) , to break into Shaw 's apartment and steal back their money while avoiding the FBI agent in charge of his case , Claire Denham ( Téa Leoni ) . Tower Heist began development as early as 2005 , based on an idea by Murphy that would star himself and an all-black cast of comedians as a heist group who rob Trump International Hotel and Tower . As the script developed and changed into an Ocean 's Eleven -- style caper , Murphy left the project . Ratner continued to develop the idea into what would eventually become Tower Heist , with Murphy later rejoining the production . Filming took place entirely in New York City on a budget of $ 75 million ( after tax rebates ) , with several buildings provided by Donald Trump used to represent the eponymous tower . The film score was composed by Christophe Beck and released commercially on November 1 , 2011 . The film received mixed reviews with much of the praise going to the cast , including Broderick , Leoni and Stiller . However , Murphy was repeatedly singled out by critics as the star of the film , with critics feeling that he displayed a welcome return to the comedic style of his early career . Much of the criticism received by the film was focused on the plot , which was considered `` formulaic , '' `` rushed , '' `` dull '' and `` laborious . '' The film was released on November 4 , 2011 and earned $ 152 million worldwide . Prior to release , the film was involved in a controversy over plans by Universal Pictures to release it for home viewing on video on demand to 500,000 Comcast customers , only three weeks after its theatrical debut . Concern over the implementation 's harming ticket sales and inspiring further films to follow suit resulted in several theater chains ' refusal to show the film at all if the plan went ahead , forcing Universal to abandon the idea .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "92de842d2de777ad24787d857ad94102", "text": "Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy The Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture -- Musical or Comedy has been awarded annually since 1952 by the Hollywood Foreign Press Association ( HFPA ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f12113ffa2a6df4e1dfaf3133e3e653b", "text": "Assault on Wall Street Assault on Wall Street ( also known as Attack on Wall Street and formerly known as Bailout : The Age of Greed ) is a 2013 action thriller film written and directed by Uwe Boll , and starring Dominic Purcell . The film stars Purcell as a security guard who struggles to pay for his wife 's medical bills and loses his investments in the 2007 -- 08 financial crisis , prompting a shooting spree on Wall Street after his wife takes her own life .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c3ec9d899eca67259ed9f51856f87b4f", "text": "Academy Award for Best Animated Feature The Academy Awards are given each year by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS or the Academy ) for the best films and achievements of the previous year . The Academy Award for Best Animated Feature is given each year for animated films . An animated feature is defined by the Academy as a film with a running time of more than 40 minutes in which characters ' performances are created using a frame-by-frame technique , a significant number of the major characters are animated , and animation figures in no less than 75 percent of the running time . The Academy Award for Best Animated Feature was first given for films made in 2001 . Through the 89th Academy Awards , presented in 2017 , Academy Award nominations in this category were made by the Academy 's animation section ; effective with the 2018 awards , all Academy members will be eligible to vote on nominations . The entire AMPAS membership has been eligible to choose the winner since the award 's inception . If there are sixteen or more films submitted for the category , the winner is voted from a shortlist of five films , which has happened six times , otherwise there will only be three films on the shortlist . Additionally , eight eligible animated features must have been theatrically released in Los Angeles County within the calendar year for this category to be activated . Animated films can be nominated for other categories , but have rarely been so ; Beauty and the Beast ( 1991 ) was the first animated film ever nominated for Best Picture . Up ( 2009 ) and Toy Story 3 ( 2010 ) also received Best Picture nominations after the Academy expanded the number of nominees . Waltz with Bashir ( 2008 ) is the only animated film ever nominated for Best Foreign Language Film ( though it did not receive a nomination for Best Animated Feature ) . The Nightmare Before Christmas ( 1993 ) and Kubo and the Two Strings ( 2016 ) are the only two animated films to ever be nominated for Best Visual Effects .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5df96c0814e26b36c1c686b0693dcb1b", "text": "26th Academy Awards The 26th Academy Awards honored the best in films of 1953 . The second national telecast of the Awards show drew an estimated 43 million viewers . Shirley Booth , appearing in a play in Philadelphia , presented the Best Actor award through a live broadcast cut-in , and privately received the winner 's name over the telephone from co-host Donald O'Connor . ( Actor Fredric March co-hosted from New York City . ) Gary Cooper filmed his presentation of the Best Actress award in advance on a set in Mexico , with O'Connor announcing the winner 's name . All the major winners in this year were black-and-white films . The big winner was Fred Zinnemann 's From Here to Eternity , with thirteen nominations and eight awards including Best Picture , Best Supporting Actor , Best Supporting Actress , Best Director , Best Screenplay ( Daniel Taradash ) , Best Cinematography ( Burnett Guffey ) , Best Sound , and Best Film Editing . All five of its major actors and actresses were nominated , with secondary players Donna Reed and Frank Sinatra taking home Oscars . The candid film was based on James Jones ' controversial , best-selling novel about Army life on a Hawaiian ( Oahu ) military base just prior to the Pearl Harbor attack and World War II , illustrating the conflict between an individualistic private ( Montgomery Clift ) and rigid institutional authority ( exemplified by the Army ) . Its achievement of eight awards matched the then record held by Gone with the Wind ( 1939 ) . The record would be tied again the following year by On the Waterfront ( 1954 ) . Walt Disney won four awards , which remains the record for the most Oscars won in the same year . William Holden 's speech for Best Actor for his role in Stalag 17 was simply `` Thank You '' , making it one of the shortest speeches ever ; the TV broadcast had a strict cutoff time which forced Holden 's quick remarks . The frustrated Holden personally paid for advertisements in the Hollywood trade publications to thank everyone he wanted to on Oscar night . He also remarked that he felt that either Burt Lancaster or Montgomery Clift should have won the Best Actor Oscar for From Here to Eternity , instead of him .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5f552d1abd43dab1ae24828341f90310", "text": "Astor Theatre The Astor Theatre was located at 1537 Broadway , at West 45th Street in Times Square in New York City . It opened September 21 , 1906 with Shakespeare 's A Midsummer Night 's Dream and continued to operate as a Broadway theatre until 1925 . From 1925 until it closed in 1972 it was a first-run movie theater . The theater was designed by architect George W. Keister . It was demolished in 1982 to make way for the Marriott Marquis Hotel . The Astor was first managed by Lincoln A. Wagenhals and Collin Kemper , then by George M. Cohan and Sam Harris , and later by the Shubert Organization . Among the plays that debuted at the Astor were Cohan 's Seven Keys to Baldpate ( 1913 ) and Why Marry ? ( 1917 ) by Jesse Lynch Williams , the first winner of the Pulitzer Prize for Drama . In 1925 Loew 's Theatres bought the Astor and converted it into a movie house in order to have a Times Square `` road show '' showcase for first-run films from the MGM film studio . The Big Parade ( 1925 ) was the first film shown at the Astor where it ran for a continuous 96-week engagement . Other films to make their Times Square debuts at the Astor include The Broadway Melody ( 1929 ) , Grand Hotel ( 1932 ) , The Great Ziegfeld ( 1936 ) and Gone With the Wind ( 1939 ) for MGM ; and Alfred Hitchcock 's Spellbound ( 1945 ) and The Beatles in A Hard Day 's Night '' ( 1964 ) for United Artists .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a913a508bcb016d99cd6c7e4975a6a1", "text": "Major film studio A major film studio is a production and film distributor that releases a substantial number of films annually and consistently commands a significant share of box office revenue in a given market . In the North American , Western , and global markets , the major film studios , often simply known as the majors , are commonly regarded as the six diversified media conglomerates whose various film production and distribution subsidiaries collectively command approximately 80 to 85 percent of U.S. and Canadian box office revenue . The term may also be applied more specifically to the primary motion picture business subsidiary of each respective conglomerate . The `` Big Six '' majors , whose operations are based in or around the Los Angeles neighborhood of Hollywood , are all centered in film studios active during Hollywood 's Golden Age of the 1930s and 1940s . In three cases -- 20th Century Fox , Warner Bros. , and Paramount -- the studios were one of the `` Big Five '' majors during that era as well . In two cases -- Columbia and Universal -- the studios were also considered majors , but in the next tier down , part of the `` Little Three '' . In the sixth case , Walt Disney Studios was an independent production company during the Golden Age ; it was an important Hollywood entity , but not a major . Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , United Artists , and RKO were majors . Today , Disney is the only member of the Big Six whose parent entity is still located near Los Angeles ( actually , on Disney 's studio lot and in the same building ) . The five others report to conglomerates headquartered in New York City , Philadelphia , and Tokyo . Of the Big Six , Paramount is the only one still based in Hollywood , and Paramount and Fox are the only ones still located within the Los Angeles city limits , while Disney and Warner Bros. are located in Burbank , Columbia in Culver City , and Universal in the unincorporated area of Universal City . Most of today 's Big Six control subsidiaries with their own distribution networks that concentrate on arthouse pictures ( e.g. Fox Searchlight Pictures ) or genre films ( e.g. Sony 's Screen Gems ) ; several of these specialty units were shut down or sold off between 2008 and 2010 . The six major studios are contrasted with smaller production and/or distribution companies , which are known as independents or `` indies '' . The leading independent producer/distributors -- Lionsgate Films , The Weinstein Company , and former major studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer -- are sometimes referred to as `` mini-majors '' . From 1998 through 2005 , DreamWorks SKG commanded a large enough market share to arguably qualify it as a seventh major , despite its relatively small output . In 2006 , DreamWorks was acquired by Viacom , Paramount 's corporate parent . In late 2008 , DreamWorks once again became an independent production company ; its films were distributed by Disney 's Touchstone Pictures until 2016 , at which point distribution switched to Universal . The Big Six major studios are today primarily backers and distributors of films whose actual production is largely handled by independent companies -- either long-running entities or ones created for and dedicated to the making of a specific film . The specialty divisions often simply acquire distribution rights to pictures in which the studio has had no prior involvement . While the majors still do a modicum of true production , their activities are focused more in the areas of development , financing , marketing , and merchandising . Those business functions are still usually performed in or near Los Angeles , even though the runaway production phenomenon means that most films are now mostly or completely shot on location at places outside Los Angeles . Since the dawn of filmmaking , the U.S. major film studios have dominated both American cinema and the global film industry . U.S. studios have benefited from a strong first-mover advantage in that they were the first to industrialize filmmaking and master the art of mass-producing and distributing high-quality films with broad cross-cultural appeal . Today , the Big Six majors routinely distribute hundreds of films every year into all significant international markets ( that is , where discretionary income is high enough for consumers to afford to watch films ) . It is very rare , if not impossible , for a film to reach a broad international audience on multiple continents and in multiple languages without first being picked up by one of the majors for distribution .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a0ab95b07216f9cefd824aece117c05e", "text": "Gary Cooper filmography The filmography of Gary Cooper chronicles the film appearances of American actor Gary Cooper . After starting his career in 1925 as a film extra and stuntman , Cooper made his official cinematic debut in 1926 in the Samuel Goldwyn production The Winning of Barbara Worth . He went on to become a contract player with Paramount Pictures where he established himself as a popular leading man prior to the end of the silent film era . Cooper 's future in the sound era was assured with the release of The Virginian ( 1929 ) , his first all-talkie film . For the next 32 years , he would be one of cinema 's top money-making stars . From 1936 to 1957 , Cooper ranked 18 times among the top ten box office attractions -- a record when he died in 1961 , and later surpassed only by John Wayne , who ranked among the top ten 25 times , Clint Eastwood ( 21 times ) and Tom Cruise ( 20 times ) . Cooper was nominated for the Best Actor Academy Award five times and won twice , for Sergeant York ( 1942 ) and High Noon ( 1952 ) . The latter film boosted his popularity , resulting in him being the number one box office attraction in 1953 . Cooper received a third Academy Award -- an honorary one -- just prior to his death in 1961 . His final film , The Naked Edge , was released shortly after his death . As of February 2008 , more than half of Gary Cooper 's feature films are available on DVD , while others not yet on home video are available for television broadcast . Unfortunately , at least two of his silent films -- Beau Sabreur ( 1928 ) and The Legion of the Condemned ( 1928 ) -- are now considered lost films . Another of his silent films , Wolf Song ( 1929 ) , was originally released as a part talkie , but survives only as a silent film . One of Cooper 's earliest talkies , Paramount on Parade ( 1930 ) , survives incomplete . The prints that are available for television are missing all but one of the film 's Technicolor scenes -- a partial restoration of these scenes was done by the UCLA Film Archives . This filmography contains sections for Cooper 's work as an extra in the earliest part of his film career , his feature film appearances , his occasional appearances in short films , and a section for a compilation film . Due to its length ( 92 films ) , the listing of his feature films is divided in four sections . Cooper 's film roles are listed , as well as the names of each film 's director and co-stars . Cooper 's awards and nominations are also listed . Except where noted , all of his films were shot in 35mm black and white . All films released prior to Lilac Time ( 1928 ) are silent films and all from The Virginian ( 1929 ) onward are sound films . The films made during the silent-to-sound transition are noted as being either silent or sound films . As an addendum , Cooper 's handful of television appearances are also listed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "65ad49417436c79896f76f52d1155cc2", "text": "Wolf Prize in Medicine The Wolf Prize in Medicine is awarded once a year by the Wolf Foundation in Israel . It is one of the six Wolf Prizes established by the Foundation and awarded since 1978 ; the others are in Agriculture , Chemistry , Mathematics , Physics and Arts . The Prize has been stated to be the second most prestigious award in science , and a significant predictor of the Nobel Prize .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "601c999353b05e482bdc578bda7fd3f5", "text": "38th Saturn Awards The 38th Saturn Awards , honoring the best in science fiction , fantasy and horror film and television in 2011 , were held on July 26 , 2012 in Burbank , California . The awards are presented by the Academy of Science Fiction , Fantasy and Horror Films . The six Best Film Award categories were respectively won by Rise of the Planet of the Apes ( Science Fiction ) , Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows -- Part 2 ( Fantasy ) , The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo ( Horror or Thriller ) , Mission : Impossible -- Ghost Protocol ( Action or Adventure ) , The Skin I Live In ( International ) and Puss in Boots ( Animated ) . Rise of the Planet of the Apes and Super 8 led the winners with three each . In the television categories , Breaking Bad won three of its six nominations , including Best Syndicated/Cable Television Series . Fringe , The Walking Dead and Teen Wolf won the other Best Series Awards . Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows -- Part 2 became the first Harry Potter film to win Best Fantasy Film , for which the seven previous Harry Potter films were nominated , and only the second film of the series to win a Saturn Award , following The Philosopher 's Stone which won Best Costume in 2001 . Mission : Impossible -- Ghost Protocol also became the first Mission : Impossible film to win Best Action or Adventure Film , following the nominations of the first and third installments .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a8c2cb01d046f57a7f2d3da2d83b609", "text": "The Wolf The Wolf may refer to : In film : The Wolf ( film ) , a 2004 film directed by Miguel Courtois Winston Wolf , a fictional character played by Harvey Keitel in the 1994 film Pulp Fiction In music : The Wolf ( Andrew W.K. album ) The Wolf ( Shooter Jennings album ) `` The Wolf '' ( Mumford & Sons song ) `` The Wolf '' , a song by The Banner from Frailty `` The Wolf '' , a song by Motörhead from Rock 'n' Roll `` The Wolf '' , a song by Fever Ray `` The Wolf '' , a song by Eddie Vedder from Into the Wild `` The Wolf '' , a song by Phildel from The Disappearance of the Girl In literature : The Wolf ( magazine ) , an independent literary magazine based in the UK . In radio :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0cd71b3ac62810bd196d9b5cf71be252", "text": "Wolf PAC Wolf PAC is an American non-partisan political action committee formed in 2011 with the goal of `` ending corporate personhood and publicly financing all elections in our country '' , to include the restriction of large monetary donations to political candidates , parties , and groups . It began with an announcement at an Occupy Wall Street rally in New York City by The Young Turks host Cenk Uygur . On a state level Wolf PAC has received some bi-partisan support for its objectives . Its strategy is to add a 28th amendment to the Constitution , thereby overturning multiple Supreme Court cases including Citizens United v. FEC and Buckley v. Valeo , which cumulatively have made it impossible to achieve Wolf PAC 's campaign finance goals through simple legislation . Wolf PAC believes that Congress is too corrupt to pass such an amendment itself , and therefore advocates a convention of the States , which is a procedure outlined in Article V of the Constitution . , five states had passed resolutions calling for such a convention , though not all states have used identical language in their convention call .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3e112d28a09d70117e27782ede378f7c", "text": "Silver Linings Playbook Silver Linings Playbook is a 2012 American romantic comedy-drama film written and directed by David O. Russell . It was adapted from the novel The Silver Linings Playbook , by Matthew Quick . The film stars Bradley Cooper and Jennifer Lawrence , with Robert De Niro , Jacki Weaver , Chris Tucker , Anupam Kher , and Julia Stiles in supporting roles . Cooper plays Patrick `` Pat '' Solitano , Jr. , a man with bipolar disorder who is released from a psychiatric hospital and moves back in with his parents , played by Robert De Niro and Jacki Weaver . Determined to win back his estranged wife , Pat meets recently widowed Tiffany Maxwell , portrayed by Jennifer Lawrence , who offers to help him get his wife back if he enters a dance competition with her . The two become closer as they train and Pat , his father , and Tiffany examine their relationships with each other as they cope with their problems . Silver Linings Playbook premiered at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival on September 8 , 2012 , and was released in the United States on November 16 , 2012 . The film opened to major critical success and earned numerous accolades . It received eight Academy Award nominations , including Best Picture , Best Director , Best Adapted Screenplay . It became the first film since 1981 's Reds to be Oscar-nominated for the four acting categories and the first since 2004 's Million Dollar Baby to be nominated for the Big Five Oscars , with Lawrence winning the Academy Award for Best Actress . It also achieved four Golden Globe Award nominations , with Lawrence winning Best Actress ; three BAFTA nominations , with Russell winning for Best Adapted Screenplay ; four Screen Actors Guild nominations ; and five Independent Spirit Award nominations , winning in four categories , including Best Film . The film was a success at the box office , grossing over $ 236 million worldwide , more than eleven times its budget .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "102ecdb916d863d7684cd586a7290725", "text": "Wolf Dog Wolf Dog is a 1958 Northwestern movie , directed and produced by Sam Newfield and released by Regal Films . In August 1957 , Newfield and a camera crew filmed the movie in and around Markdale , Ontario , near Owen Sound , Ontario , Canada . The movie co-starred Hollywood actors Jim Davis , Allison Hayes and John Hart along with Canadian actors Austin Willis and Tony Brown . Several locals were offered a chance to be unpaid `` extras '' . Among those were Paul Hutton , Jerry Bartley , Constable Clarence Bowins , David Jackson , Officer Jack Johnston , Ron Wyvill , Don Wyvill . While not an artistic or commercial success , the film is noteworthy in that it was created almost 40 years before Telefilm Canada and federal government subsidies enabled big-name movies to be filmed in Canadian locales . Markdale residents were delighted to have Hollywood make a film in their town . It was hoped a film set in `` The Great North Country '' would be a crossover hit in the U.S. and the Commonwealth , both lucrative movie markets . For reasons unknown , the film disappeared from the public eye for almost 50 years . One interesting , though unsubstantiated , rumor suggested one of the main actors wanted all traces of the film destroyed . The only known copies of the movie are an incomplete version stored at the National Archives of Canada and a complete version at the U.S. Library of Congress . Copies of the movie can be found at the Markdale Public Library , Ontario , Canada , donated by the creator of the fan site , Jeff Wilson . He , along with actors from the film , Ron Wyvill and Paul Hutton , appeared in a short documentary made by Rogers Television , Owen Sound . Wilson and Wyvill also organized several screenings in the town of Markdale , Ontario , where the film was originally shot . There is also a link to a radio interview with Ron Wyvill on YouTube which can be found under the channel Toonguy85 , belonging to Wilson . All distribution copyrights belong to 20th Century Fox .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "59479e707be329441073301ea299b277", "text": "Scot J. Paltrow Scot J. Paltrow is an American journalist . A financial journalist , Paltrow currently works for Reuters . Paltrow is from New York . He received his bachelor 's degree from the Cornell University College of Arts and Sciences and a master 's degree from the London School of Economics . Paltrow 's journalism career began in 1977 when he joined the Memphis Commercial Appeal as a reporter . The following year , he joined the Los Angeles Herald-Examiner , where his investigative series on corruption in Industry , California , `` The City of Insiders , '' resulted in federal and state criminal probes and several convictions . In 1981 , Paltrow moved to the Washington Star , where he covered federal courts . After the Star shut down the same year , Paltrow moved to the Wall Street Journal , where he was a reporter in the Los Angeles bureau . In 1985 , Paltrow became a European correspondent for the Journal based in Brussels . In April 1988 , Paltrow returned to the United States as New York financial bureau chief for the Los Angeles Times . During this period he did numerous investigative stories on Wall Street investment banks , markets and the insurance industry . '' While at the Times , Paltrow won a 1993 George Polk Award for Financial Reporting . Paltrow returned to the Wall Street Journal in May 1997 and served as senior special writer based in New York and writes for the paper 's Washington bureau . In 2007 , following Rupert Murdoch 's purchase of Dow Jones & Company ( which owns the Wall Street Journal ) , Paltrow left the paper and joined Condé Nast 's Portfolio.com as a contributing editor , starting September 1 , 2007 , following another longtime Journal journalist who moved to Portfolio.com , Peter Waldman . In September 2010 , Paltrow moved to Reuters , where he and fellow financial journalist Mark Hosenball were brought on as `` key hires '' in an effort to expand Reuters ' `` coverage of business , Wall Street and Washington . '' Paltrow joined Reuters to cover `` financial crimes , specifically covering criminal and civil investigations related to the financial crisis , as well as the effort to more closely regulate and police the financial world . '' In 2012 , Paltrow won a Society of American Business Editors and Writers Best in Business Awards in the Explanatory/News Agency category for his investigation into banks ' use of robo-signing . Paltrow has written a report , The Case for a Stronger Federal Role in Insurance Regulation : Weak State Regulation Highlights the Need for Federal Oversight of Health Premiums , for the Center for American Progress Action Fund . Paltrow has received a Gerald Loeb Award . Paltrow won 1992 and 1993 John Hancock Awards for Excellence in Business & Financial Journalism , the 1994 Los Angeles Times Editorial Award , the Unity Award in Media , and a 2001 Deadline Club Award from New York City Chapter of the Society of Professional Journalists .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8bf46fc2c16260c2a2447ad6d3b25962", "text": "List of accolades received by Fences (film) Fences is a 2016 American drama film directed by Denzel Washington and written by August Wilson . Starring Washington , Viola Davis , Jovan Adepo and Stephen McKinley Henderson , the film focuses on a man and his life , family , and job . The film began a limited release on December 16 , 2016 , before opening wide on December 25 . The film was released to universal acclaim , with Rotten Tomatoes listing an approval rating of 93 % , based on 207 reviews , with an average rating of 7.7 / 10 , and Metacritic listing a score of 79 out of 100 , based on 48 reviews . Fences won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress and the British Academy Film Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role for Davis . The film won Best Supporting Actress for Davis and was nominated for Best Picture , Best Director , Best Actor for Washington , Best Acting Ensemble and Best Adapted Screenplay at Critics ' Choice Awards . The film won Best Supporting Actress -- Motion Picture for Davis and was nominated for Best Actor -- Motion Picture Drama for Washington at Golden Globe Awards . The film received four nominations at Satellite Awards , including Best Film , Best Director , Best Actor for Washington and Best Supporting Actress for Davis .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "697580c81479770dc6c70a31e36dd7f8", "text": "B movie A B movie is a low-budget commercial movie , but one that is not an arthouse film . In its original usage , during the Golden Age of Hollywood , the term more precisely identified films intended for distribution as the less-publicized bottom half of a double feature . Although the U.S. production of movies intended as second features largely ceased by the end of the 1950s , the term B movie continues to be used in the broader sense it maintains today . In its post -- Golden Age usage , there is ambiguity on both sides of the definition : on the one hand , the primary interest of many inexpensive exploitation films is prurient ; on the other , many B movies display a high degree of craft and aesthetic ingenuity . In either usage , most B movies represent a particular genre -- the Western was a Golden Age B movie staple , while low-budget science-fiction and horror films became more popular in the 1950s . Early B movies were often part of series in which the star repeatedly played the same character . Almost always shorter than the top-billed films they were paired with , many had running times of 70 minutes or less . The term connoted a general perception that B movies were inferior to the more handsomely budgeted headliners ; individual B films were often ignored by critics . Latter-day B movies still sometimes inspire multiple sequels , but series are less common . As the average running time of top-of-the-line films increased , so did that of B pictures . In its current usage , the term has somewhat contradictory connotations : it may signal an opinion that a certain movie is ( a ) a genre film with minimal artistic ambitions or ( b ) a lively , energetic film uninhibited by the constraints imposed on more expensive projects and unburdened by the conventions of putatively `` serious '' independent film . The term is also now used loosely to refer to some higher-budgeted , mainstream films with exploitation-style content , usually in genres traditionally associated with the B movie . From their beginnings to the present day , B movies have provided opportunities both for those coming up in the profession and others whose careers are waning . Celebrated filmmakers such as Anthony Mann and Jonathan Demme learned their craft in B movies . They are where actors such as John Wayne and Jack Nicholson first became established , and they have provided work for former A movie actors , such as Vincent Price and Karen Black . Some actors , such as Bela Lugosi , Eddie Constantine and Pam Grier , worked in B movies for most of their careers . The term B actor is sometimes used to refer to a performer who finds work primarily or exclusively in B pictures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5cccd9aa4f98e025c3b4f84f4401567e", "text": "Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? Who 's Afraid of Virginia Woolf ? is a 1962 play by Edward Albee . It examines the breakdown of the marriage of a middle-aged couple , Martha and George . Late one evening , after a university faculty party , they receive an unwitting younger couple , Nick and Honey , as guests , and draw them into their bitter and frustrated relationship . The play is in three acts , normally taking a little less than three hours to perform , with two 10-minute intermissions . The title is a pun on the song `` Who 's Afraid of the Big Bad Wolf ? '' from Walt Disney 's Three Little Pigs ( 1933 ) , substituting the name of the celebrated English author Virginia Woolf . Martha and George repeatedly sing this version of the song throughout the play . Who 's Afraid of Virginia Woolf ? won both the 1963 Tony Award for Best Play and the 1962 -- 63 New York Drama Critics ' Circle Award for Best Play . It is frequently revived on the modern stage . The film adaptation was released in 1966 , written by Ernest Lehman , directed by Mike Nichols , and starring Richard Burton , Elizabeth Taylor , George Segal and Sandy Dennis .", "title": "" } ]	fever
e75cf404dd3a320d6d0d687d0a864dad	Marble Hill, Manhattan is a New York City neighborhood.	[ { "docid": "7a909395cf2cd7772aa3afb54d18b2df", "text": "Manhattan Manhattan ( -LSB- mænˈhætən -RSB- , -LSB- mənˈhætən -RSB- ) is the most densely populated borough of New York City , its economic and administrative center , and the city 's historical birthplace . The borough is coextensive with New York County , founded on November 1 , 1683 , as one of the original counties of the U.S. state of New York . The borough consists mostly of Manhattan Island , bounded by the Hudson , East , and Harlem rivers ; several small adjacent islands ; and Marble Hill , a small neighborhood on the U.S. mainland physically connected to the Bronx and separated from the rest of Manhattan by the Harlem River . Manhattan is sometimes described as a financial and cultural capital and hosts the United Nations Headquarters . Anchored by Wall Street in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan , New York City has been called both the most economically powerful city and the leading financial center of the world , and Manhattan is home to the world 's two largest stock exchanges by total market capitalization : the New York Stock Exchange and NASDAQ . Many multinational media conglomerates are based in the borough . It is historically documented to have been purchased by Dutch colonists from Native Americans in 1626 for 60 guilders which equals US$ today . Manhattan real estate has since become among the most expensive in the world , with the value of Manhattan Island , including real estate , estimated to exceed US$ 3 trillion in 2013 ; residential property sale prices in Manhattan typically exceeded US 1,400 $ / ft2 as of 2017 , and Fifth Avenue in Midtown Manhattan commands the highest retail rents in the world , at US 3,000 $ / ft2 in 2017 . New York County is the United States ' second-smallest county by land area ( larger only than Kalawao County , Hawaii ) , and is also the most densely populated U.S. county . It is also one of the most densely populated areas in the world , with a census-estimated 2015 population of 1,644,518 living in a land area of 22.83 sqmi , or 72,033 residents per square mile ( 27,812 / km2 ) , higher than the density of any individual U.S. city . On business days , the influx of commuters increases that number to over 3.9 million , or more than 170,000 people per square mile ( 65,600 / km2 ) . Manhattan has the third-largest population of New York City 's five boroughs , after Brooklyn and Queens , and is the smallest borough in terms of land area . Many districts and landmarks in Manhattan have become well known , as New York City received a record of nearly 60 million tourists in 2015 , and Manhattan hosts three of the world 's 10 most-visited tourist attractions in 2013 : Times Square , Central Park , and Grand Central Terminal . The borough hosts many world-renowned bridges , such as the Brooklyn Bridge ; skyscrapers such as the Empire State Building , one of the tallest skyscrapers in the world ; and parks , such as Central Park . There are many historically significant places in Manhattan : Chinatown incorporates the highest concentration of Chinese people in the Western Hemisphere , and the Stonewall Inn in Greenwich Village is considered the birthplace of the modern gay rights movement . The City of New York was founded at the southern tip of Manhattan , and the borough houses New York City Hall , the seat of the city 's government . Numerous colleges and universities are located in Manhattan , including Columbia University , New York University , Weill Cornell Medical College , and Rockefeller University , which have been ranked among the top 35 in the world .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "84724210393569962d7b50ba97579487", "text": "Marble Hill, Manhattan Marble Hill is the northernmost neighborhood in the New York City borough of Manhattan . It is the only Manhattan neighborhood on the mainland of North America . Marble Hill was occupied as a Dutch colonial settlement in 1646 , and gained its current name in 1891 because of marble deposits underneath the neighborhood . Politically a part of Manhattan and New York County , Marble Hill became an island in the Harlem River when it was separated from the island of Manhattan by the construction of the Harlem Ship Canal in 1895 . In 1914 , the Harlem River was filled in on the north side of Marble Hill , connecting it to the North American mainland and the Bronx . Because of this change in geography , Marble Hill is often associated with the Bronx and is part of two of the latter 's Community Board Districts .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "079c72feaa9a6192f334319bba50cd3d", "text": "Metropolitan Savings Bank Building The Metropolitan Savings Bank Building opened on May 22 , 1867 at the northeast corner of Third Avenue ( Manhattan ) -- now Cooper Square -- and East 7th Street , in New York City . The building , which was designed by architect Carl Pfeiffer in Second Empire style , is four stories high , 45 ft wide and 75 ft deep , and was considered at the time it opened to be one of the most finely constructed edifices , `` from garret to basement . '' Its facades were composed of white marble , with the upper floor being enclosed by a mansard roof . The building was fireproof , as no combustible materials were used during construction , either internally or externally . The entire cost of the structure was $ 150,000 . The building was designated a New York City Landmark in 1969 , and was added to the National Register of Historic Place in 1979 . It has an alternate address of 61 Cooper Square .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "56d61c062525438edb667ddc0ca34368", "text": "Washington Square Park Washington Square Park is a 9.75 acre public park in the Greenwich Village neighborhood of Lower Manhattan , New York City . One of the best known of New York City 's 1,900 public parks , it is a landmark as well as a meeting place and center for cultural activity . It is operated by the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation . The Park is an open space , dominated by the Washington Square Arch at the northern gateway to the park , with a tradition of celebrating nonconformity . The Park 's fountain area has long been one of the city 's popular spots for residents and tourists . Most of the buildings surrounding the park now belong to New York University , but many have at one time served as homes and studios for artists . Some of the buildings have been built by NYU while others have been converted from their former uses into academic and residential buildings . __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "44c9d45cefb509d8718d43db0aa11b37", "text": "Central Park Central Park is an urban park in Manhattan , New York City . Central Park is the most visited urban park in the United States , with 40 million visitors in 2013 , and one of the most filmed locations in the world . The park was established in 1857 on 778 acre of city-owned land . In 1858 , Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux , a landscape architect and an architect , respectively , won a design competition to improve and expand the park with a plan they titled the `` Greensward Plan '' . Construction began the same year and the park 's first area was opened to the public in the winter of 1858 . Construction continued during the American Civil War farther north , and was expanded to its current size of 843 acre in 1873 . Central Park was designated a National Historic Landmark by the U.S. Department of the Interior in 1962 , which in April 2017 placed it on the tentative list for UNESCO World Heritage sites . The park , managed for decades by the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation , is currently managed by the Central Park Conservancy under contract with the municipal government in a public-private partnership . The Conservancy is a non-profit organization that contributes 75 percent of Central Park 's $ 65 million annual budget and is responsible for all basic care of the 843-acre park .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6b48013b1af3730754d2cb3fab3541d0", "text": "Manhattan Community Board 2 The Manhattan Community Board 2 is a New York City community board encompassing the neighborhoods of Greenwich Village , West Village , NoHo , SoHo , Lower East Side , Chinatown , and Little Italy in the borough of Manhattan . It is bounded by the Bowery , Canal Street , the Hudson River , and 14th Street on the east , south , west , and north , respectively . The district covers three city council districts and four police precincts , and encompasses one of the largest landmark districts in New York City . Due to overwhelming disgust with the impending overdevelopment of Greenwich Village during the late 1950s and early 1960s , residents organized to fight further destruction of historic buildings and townhouses within the village . These residents made up the first members of what was then called a `` Community Planning Board . '' CB2 was one of the very first of these `` Community Planning Boards . '' The board 's Chair is Tobi Bergman and its District Manager is Bob Gormley . He administers the Board office and is the principal liaison with various City agencies involved in CB2 affairs . He further chairs the monthly District Service Cabinet meeting at which representatives from various City agencies and elected officials address issues of concern within the community . The District Manager additionally oversees the Board operating budget expenditures and prepares drafts as well as the annual report submitted to the Mayor and the City Council . Mr. Gormley reports on all of these matters at the monthly CB # 2 Executive Committee meeting .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "01248d490300ec2a0a3afe459a48810a", "text": "Manhattan Club Manhattan Club may refer to : Manhattan Club ( social club ) , Manhattan , New York , 1865 -- 1979 Manhattan Club , a timeshare portion of the Park Central Hotel in Midtown Manhattan , New York", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a5223c35b5d91bcb03f049b6ffb5c102", "text": "Capitol Hill (disambiguation) Capitol Hill is a neighborhood of Washington , D.C. , adjacent to the U.S. Capitol . Capitol Hill may also refer to :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f686a43b1d712a8cca8b5a8f8c488e0e", "text": "Astoria, Queens Astoria is a middle-class and commercial neighborhood with a population of 78,793 in the northwestern corner of the New York City borough of Queens . Located in Community Board 1 , Astoria is bounded by the East River and is adjacent to three other Queens neighborhoods : Long Island City , Sunnyside ( bordering at Northern Boulevard ) , and Woodside ( bordering at 50th Street ) . Astoria is patrolled by the New York City Police Department 's 114th Precinct .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa5539fba090563418b53c361dd9f2bb", "text": "East Harlem East Harlem , also known as Spanish Harlem or El Barrio , is a neighborhood of Upper Manhattan , New York City roughly encompassing the area north of the Upper East Side and East 96th Street up to about the 140s , east of Fifth Avenue to the East and Harlem Rivers . It lies within Manhattan Community District 11 . Despite its name , it is generally not considered to be a part of Harlem . The neighborhood is one of the largest predominantly Latino communities in New York City , mostly made up of Puerto Ricans , as well as sizeable numbers of Dominican , Cuban and Mexican immigrants . It includes the area formerly known as Italian Harlem , in which the remnants of a once predominantly Italian community remain . The Chinese population has increased dramatically in East Harlem since 2000 . East Harlem has historically suffered from many social issues , such as the highest jobless rate in New York City , teenage pregnancy , AIDS , drug abuse , homelessness , and an asthma rate five times the national average . It has the second highest concentration of public housing in the United States , closely following Brownsville , Brooklyn . Police services to the neighborhood are divided between the 23rd and the 25th Precincts . Conversely , East Harlem is notable for its contributions to Latin freestyle and salsa music . However , East Harlem is now undergoing some gentrification . In February 2016 , East Harlem was one of four neighborhoods featured in an article in The New York Times about `` New York 's Next Hot Neighborhoods '' . Beginning in 2016 , the New York City government was seeking to rezone East Harlem `` to facilitate new residential , commercial , community facility , and manufacturing development . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7aefb910c399eb2fe5b1aad7656ff8f1", "text": "Park East Synagogue Park East Synagogue is located on the Upper East Side of Manhattan , in New York City .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "921cc2775b7f70e87bdd80ab949621ac", "text": "625 Park Avenue 625 Park Avenue is a co-op residential building in the Lenox Hill neighborhood of Manhattan 's Upper East Side at the intersection of East 65th Street and Park Avenue . It is noted for its spacious residences and well-known residents .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "57f27d996c40f7b73986158ec8f8b15a", "text": "Long Island City Long Island City ( L.I.C. ) is the westernmost residential and commercial neighborhood of the New York City borough of Queens . L.I.C. is noted for its rapid and ongoing residential growth and gentrification , its waterfront parks , and its thriving arts community . L.I.C. has among the highest concentration of art galleries , art institutions , and studio space of any neighborhood in New York City . It is bordered by Astoria to the north ; the East River to the west ; Hazen Street , 49th Street , and New Calvary Cemetery in Sunnyside to the east ; and Newtown Creek -- which separates Queens from Greenpoint , Brooklyn -- to the south . It originally was the seat of government of the Town of Newtown , and remains the largest neighborhood in Queens . The area is part of Queens Community Board 1 , located north of the Queensboro Bridge and Queens Plaza ; it is also of Queens Community Board 2 to the south . Long Island City is the eastern terminus of the Queensboro Bridge , also known as the 59th Street Bridge , which is the only non-toll automotive route connecting Queens and Manhattan . Northwest of the bridge terminus are the Queensbridge Houses , a development of the New York City Housing Authority and the largest public housing complex in North America . __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d4a740336ac957a6a9ef11899726a42b", "text": "Fieldston, Bronx Fieldston is a privately owned affluent neighborhood in the Riverdale section of the northwestern part of the New York City borough of the Bronx . It is bounded by Manhattan College Parkway to the south , Henry Hudson Parkway to the west , 250th Street to the north , and Broadway to the east . It is noted for its rural atmosphere , large houses and abundance of trees . The majority of the neighborhood is included in the Fieldston Historic District , designated by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission in 2006 . The area is home to two of the three prestigious `` Hill Schools '' , the Horace Mann School and the Ethical Culture Fieldston School ; the third , Riverdale Country School , lies just outside Fieldston to the north . Manhattan College is located on Manhattan College Parkway , the neighborhood 's southern boundary .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fbf1f3d5016acc4a3e690d4aedec7075", "text": "Manhattan Country School Manhattan Country School is a private coeducational PreK-8 school with its main location in Manhattan and a farm in Roxbury , New York . Founded in 1966 , it is distinctive because of its multicultural and progressive educational philosophy , the diversity of its student body , its sliding scale tuition system , its incorporation of farm experiences and the activism of its students .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bff1a695a23c65ae63e84112a4d1df4e", "text": "Jamaica Bay Jamaica Bay is located on the southern side of Long Island , in the U.S. state of New York , near the island 's western end . The bay connects with Lower New York Bay to the west through Rockaway Inlet and is the westernmost of the coastal lagoons on the south shore of Long Island . Politically , it is divided between the boroughs of Brooklyn and Queens in New York City , with a small part touching Nassau County . The bay contains numerous marshy islands . It was known as Grassy Bay as late as the 1940s . Jamaica Bay is located adjacent to the confluence of the New York Bight and New York Bay , and is at the turning point of the primarily east-west oriented coastline of southern New England and Long Island and the north-south oriented coastline of the mid-Atlantic coast . The name derives from the nearby town of Jamaica , which in turn derives from `` Yameco '' , a corruption of a word in the Lenape language spoken by the Native Americans who lived in the area at the time of first European contact . The `` y '' sound in English is spelled with a `` j '' in Dutch , the first Europeans to write about the area . This resulted in the eventual English pronunciation of `` Jamaica '' when read and repeated orally .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9ee641b28d98550f15ae42739f748309", "text": "Peekskill Downtown Historic District The Peekskill Downtown Historic District is a historic district located in the downtown section of Peekskill in the U.S. state of New York . It includes the 40 acre along Main , Division , South , Park , Bank , Brown , First and Esther streets , and Central and Union avenues , near where those streets intersect . There are 150 buildings and one object counted among its contributing resources . Peekskill , originally a settlement along the shore of the Hudson River where farmers from inland Westchester County brought produce for transshipment to markets in New York City and elsewhere , began to grow inland in the early 19th century due to the intersection of two major roads that roughly corresponds to today 's Central and Division streets . The Albany Post Road , followed later by US 9 until its relocation to the Croton Expressway closer to the river , and the Danbury Turnpike , still followed by US 202 ( and , in the western part of the city and district , US 6 and NY 35 ) . Two houses in the district , in a typical Hudson Valley vernacular style , remain from this era . Industrialization began changing downtown after 1830 , with brick buildings supporting that use replacing older wooden ones along Magregere 's Creek . Many of the district 's churches were built by the mid-19th century . Fashionable houses , later known as `` Doctor 's Row '' , were built on Main Street . In the 1880s the Moorish Revival tower was built on a structure in the center of town that has remained a landmark for passing travelers ever since . Other late Victorian styles made their mark as well . In the 20th century , some more buildings were added in more modern contemporary styles , and the increasing use of the automobile affected downtown as well . The decline of retail shopping in the district led to urban renewal efforts in the 1960s and 70s . While some historic buildings were razed , the major urban renewal projects coincided with the eastern boundary of the downtown core , sparing most of it . The district was recognized and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2004 as a rare example of intact 19th-century Hudson Valley downtown architecture .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ff45494300f867a93ad16b79a40d6a7a", "text": "Manhattan (disambiguation) Manhattan is a borough of New York City , located primarily on Manhattan Island . Manhattan may also refer to :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "780801ee65c747c80f2dbd7d2b50530c", "text": "Jamaica Hills, Queens Jamaica Hills is a small middle class neighborhood in the New York City borough of Queens . The neighborhood is surrounded by the Grand Central Parkway ( north ) , Jamaica Estates ( east ) , Jamaica ( south ) , and Briarwood ( west ) . It is centered on the terminal moraine which runs the length of Long Island . Originally populated with people who left neighborhoods under ethnic transition , Jamaica Hills started to become more ethnically diverse after 1964 . The population today is very mixed with a large South Asian Population and smaller populations from the Caribbean , Central American , and Chinese . Because of the opening of a Greek Orthodox church in the 1960s , many Greek immigrants also live in the area . Jamaica Hills is patrolled by the NYPD 's 107th Precinct .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "763041e33387355b12f2ea7a347a2815", "text": "Yorktown, New York Yorktown is a town that lies on the north border in Westchester County , New York , in a suburb approximately 38 mi north of midtown Manhattan . The population was 36,081 at the 2010 census .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9ea99a26c6b84cd0df0bc55eaf8aa77c", "text": "Centre Market Place Centre Market Place is a one block long street in Lower Manhattan , New York City , bordering Mulberry Street to the east , Grand Street to the south , Broome Street to the north , and Centre Street to the west . Centre Market Place was originally an extension of Orange Street ( now Baxter Street , which starts at Grand Street , where Centre Market Place ends ) , before being formally renamed Centre Market Place in April 1837 , after Centre Market , which was west of the street . At one time , the street was at the top of a high hill . Currently , local residents consider Centre Market Place to be part of the NoLIta neighborhood . At the southern end of the street , on the corner of Grand Street , is Onieal 's restaurant , which features a cavernous wine cellar that once served as a speakeasy during Prohibition . Gentlemen of means would walk through the front of the Police Building , perhaps make a contribution to the `` widows and orphan fund '' and then walk through the cellar corridor connecting the two buildings . 9 Centre Market Place was once the location to `` The People 's Bath House '' , a privately run public bathhouse built by the Association for Improving the Condition of the Poor . The People 's Baths served as a model to which the City of New York would later build the city 's truly public bathhouses . The block also included several gun stores including the John Jovino at 5 Centre Market Place , and the older Frank Lava Gunsmith at 6 Centre Market Place . The gun stores were part of a gun district owing to its proximity to the police headquarters at 240 Centre St. A row of townhouses at No. 1 , 2 , 4 , and 5 were rehabilitated by two developers , a husband-and-wife team , incorporating found architectural castoffs scavenged from around the world as part of its facade . The street was home to many well-known writers , poets , and artists , including the noted crime photographer Weegee , who lived in a small studio apartment at 5 Centre Market Pl .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c8c9da24b0589b41ee886e3343470337", "text": "Bellevue Hill, Boston Bellevue Hill is a neighborhood in West Roxbury comprising the areas roughly between Lagrange Street , Centre Street , and the West Roxbury Parkway . Defined by its leafy streets and stately homes , Bellevue Hill is one of the most upscale neighborhoods outside of Boston 's downtown core . Bellevue Hill is also the highest natural point in the city of Boston and Suffolk County . It rises to a height of 330 feet ( 101m ) above sea level . On it lies the Bellevue Standpipe , which is on the Boston Register of Historic Places .", "title": "" } ]	fever
007e5d694cedea96be5d28359fb24dbd	Tiger Woods lost the Arnold Palmer Invitational.	[ { "docid": "d9b6f3ed806ac36d1cbcc32e337e2879", "text": "Tiger Woods Eldrick Tont `` Tiger '' Woods ( born December 30 , 1975 ) is an American professional golfer who is among the most successful golfers of all time . He has been one of the highest-paid athletes in the world for several years . Following an outstanding junior , college , and amateur career , Woods turned professional at the age of 20 , at the end of the summer in 1996 . By April 1997 he had already won his first major , the 1997 Masters . Woods won this tournament in a record-breaking performance , winning by 12 strokes while pocketing $ 486,000 . He first reached the number one position in the world rankings in June 1997 , after less than a year as a professional . Throughout the 2000s , Woods was the dominant force in golf ; from August 1999 to September 2004 ( 264 weeks ) and from June 2005 to October 2010 ( 281 weeks ) , Woods was the top-ranked men 's golfer in the world . From December 2009 to early April 2010 , Woods took leave from professional golf to focus on his personal life after he admitted infidelity . Despite attempts at reconciliation , he and his wife Elin Nordegren eventually divorced . His many alleged extramarital indiscretions were revealed by several women , through many worldwide media sources . This was followed by a loss of golf form , and his ranking gradually fell to a low of No. 58 in November 2011 . He ended a career-high winless streak of 107 weeks when he triumphed in the Chevron World Challenge in December 2011 . After winning the Arnold Palmer Invitational on March 25 , 2013 , he ascended to the No. 1 ranking once again , holding the top spot until May 2014 . Woods had back surgery in April 2014 and September 2015 and has struggled since to regain his dominant form . By March 29 , 2015 , Woods had fallen to # 104 , outside of the top 100 for the first time since 1996 . In May 2016 , Woods dropped out of the world top 500 for the first time in his professional career . Woods has broken numerous golf records . He has been World Number One for the most consecutive weeks and for the greatest total number of weeks of any golfer . He has been awarded PGA Player of the Year a record eleven times , the Byron Nelson Award for lowest adjusted scoring average a record eight times , and has the record of leading the money list in ten different seasons . He has won 14 professional major golf championships , the second-highest of any player ( Jack Nicklaus leads with 18 ) , and 79 PGA Tour events , second all time behind Sam Snead , who had 82 wins . He has more career major wins and career PGA Tour wins than any other active golfer . He is the youngest player to achieve the career Grand Slam , and the youngest and fastest to win 50 tournaments on tour . Additionally , Woods is only the second golfer ( after Nicklaus ) to have achieved a career Grand Slam three times . Woods has won 18 World Golf Championships , and won at least one of those events in each of the first 11 years after they began in 1999 . Woods and Rory McIlroy are the only golfers to win both The Silver Medal and The Gold Medal at The Open Championship .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "b7f28d73de0d54669e37d78c5acd52cf", "text": "1987 PGA Championship The 1987 PGA Championship was the 69th PGA Championship , held August 6 -- 9 at the Champion Course of PGA National Golf Club in Palm Beach Gardens , Florida . In hot and windy conditions , Larry Nelson won his second PGA Championship in a sudden-death playoff over 1977 champion Lanny Wadkins . It was Nelson 's third and final major title . D.A. Weibring , a 54-hole co-leader , shot 76 ( +4 ) and finished a stroke back at even-par 288 . The other co-leader , Mark McCumber , posted 77 and finished in a tie for fifth . Two major champions in contention shot high scores and fell back : Seve Ballesteros ( 78 ) and Raymond Floyd ( 80 ) . In the August heat of Florida , the attendance was low . A record high temperature for the day of 97 F was recorded on Sunday . It was the second major played in Florida , following the PGA Championship in 1971 , played in February at the old PGA National . Through 2016 , this is the last major played in the state . The purse was the last under $ 1 million at the PGA Championship . With the win , Nelson gained an automatic bid to the Ryder Cup team in 1987 , his third , bumping Don Pooley . Nelson 's record in that competition in late September was 0 -- 3 -- 1 , as the U.S. lost the Cup for the first time on home soil . He lost all three pairs matches and halved his singles match . The Champion Course hosted the Ryder Cup in 1983 and the Senior PGA Championship for 19 years ( 1982 -- 2000 ) . Since 2007 , it has been the venue of The Honda Classic on the PGA Tour , played in March .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f50ebf757195a3fdf9621b3dca9dd821", "text": "Crestar Classic The Crestar Classic was a golf tournament on the Champions Tour from 1983 to 1990 . It was played in Manakin-Sabot , Virginia at the Hermitage Country Club . In 1988 , it was the last professional victory for golf legend Arnold Palmer . The purse for the 1990 tournament was US$ 350,000 , with $ 52,500 going to the winner . The tournament was founded in 1983 as the United Virginia Bank Seniors .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a7fdf485d10446e23e5704e95029ecba", "text": "2013 Masters Tournament The 2013 Masters Tournament was the 77th edition of the Masters Tournament and the first of golf 's four major championships to be held in 2013 . It was held from April 11 -- 14 at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta , Georgia . Adam Scott won the tournament on the second hole of a sudden death playoff against Ángel Cabrera . It was Scott 's first major championship and the first time an Australian won the Masters .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ffc7fdc85ce252a8c081df2e4688c48c", "text": "1994 Players Championship The 1994 Players Championship was a golf tournament in Florida on the PGA Tour , held at TPC Sawgrass in Ponte Vedra Beach , southeast of Jacksonville . It was the 21st Players Championship . Greg Norman set the scoring record of 264 ( − 24 ) at the Stadium Course and finished four strokes ahead of runner-up Fuzzy Zoeller . Norman opened with 63 and followed with three rounds at 67 to set the 36-hole ( 130 ) and 54-hole ( 197 ) scoring records as well . Nick Price had set the mark the previous year at 270 ( − 18 ) , three better than Mark McCumber 's 273 in 1988 ( equaled by Davis Love III in 1992 ) . Defending champion Nick Price missed the 36-hole cut by five strokes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4f2cfd7a771495ee858f9b1510df6736", "text": "1995 Masters Tournament The 1995 Masters Tournament was the 59th Masters Tournament , held April 6 -- 9 at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta , Georgia . Ben Crenshaw won his second Masters championship , one stroke ahead of runner-up Davis Love III . It was an emotional victory for Crenshaw as it came just days after the death of his mentor , Harvey Penick . Crenshaw and Tom Kite attended the funeral in Texas on Wednesday and did not return to Augusta until that night , on the eve of the first round . The 1995 Masters marked the first major championship for Tiger Woods , who qualified as the 1994 U.S. Amateur champion . A 19-year-old college freshman at Stanford , he tied for 41st place and was the leading amateur , the only one to make the cut . Woods ' average driving distance was the longest in the tournament .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b490b668cb1c5474c805d56cffcc2ec1", "text": "1976 Open Championship The 1976 Open Championship was the 105th Open Championship , played 7 -- 10 July at Royal Birkdale Golf Club in Southport , England . Johnny Miller won his only Open championship , six strokes ahead of runners-up Seve Ballesteros and Jack Nicklaus . It was Miller 's second and last major championship title ; his first was the U.S. Open in 1973 . Ballesteros , age 19 , was the 54-hole leader at 211 ( − 5 ) , two strokes ahead of Miller . In the final round , he was seven over par after twelve holes , which included a triple-bogey at the eleventh . Ballesteros rallied on the final six holes , with three birdies and an eagle , to tie Nicklaus for second place . Defending champion Tom Watson carded an 80 ( +8 ) in the third round for 227 ( +11 ) and missed the second cut by a stroke . U.S. Open champion Jerry Pate was level par after two rounds , but also missed the second cut with an 87 for 231 . Masters winner Raymond Floyd finished in fourth at 286 ( − 2 ) , a stroke behind Ballesteros and Nicklaus .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "88317cabea58b05e22d0c4da72d260fa", "text": "1986 Masters Tournament The 1986 Masters Tournament was the 50th Masters Tournament , held April 10 -- 13 at the Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta , Georgia . Jack Nicklaus won his record 18th professional major with a historic one-stroke victory . He shot a final round 65 ( − 7 ) , with a back nine of 30 ( − 6 ) , for a total score of 279 ( − 9 ) . At age 46 , he became the oldest winner of the Masters and the second-oldest winner of any major championship , behind Julius Boros , who was 48 when he captured the PGA Championship in 1968 . The win also gave Nicklaus a record six Masters victories , the first in 1963 , less than ten months after his first major win at the 1962 U.S. Open . The 23-year span of Masters victories and 24-year span of major victories are also records . The runners-up were Tom Kite and Greg Norman , whose near-misses at the Masters are also noteworthy . The winner 's share was $ 144,000 , up from $ 20,000 at Nicklaus ' first win at Augusta in 1963 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "915449f4c47f3054a567445542fe8a15", "text": "1964 PGA Championship The 1964 PGA Championship was the 46th PGA Championship , played July 16 -- 19 at Columbus Country Club in Columbus , Ohio . Bobby Nichols won his only major title , three strokes ahead of runners-up Jack Nicklaus and Arnold Palmer . Nichols led wire-to-wire after a first round 64 in the hometown of Nicklaus , who shot a 64 in the final round to gain his third runner-up finish in majors in 1964 . Ben Hogan , age 51 , competed at the PGA Championship for the first time since 1960 . Tied for fifth place after a third round 68 , he finished tied for ninth for his penultimate top ten in a major . His final top ten came at the 1967 Masters . Nichols ' winning score of 271 was the lowest to date at the PGA Championship , the seventh as a 72-hole stroke play championship . It stood as the record for thirty years , until Nick Price 's 269 in 1994 . The British Open was played the previous week in St Andrews , Scotland , one of five times in the 1960s that these two majors were played in consecutive weeks in July . The PGA Championship moved permanently to August in 1969 ( except 1971 , when it was played in late February ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9cec1f5fab3c70a44b4a3f35f51e9f7a", "text": "1963 PGA Championship The 1963 PGA Championship was the 45th PGA Championship , played July 18 -- 21 at the Blue Course of Dallas Athletic Club in Dallas , Texas . Jack Nicklaus won the first of his five PGA Championship titles , two strokes ahead of runner-up Dave Ragan . It was the second major win of the year for Nicklaus , and the third of his eighteen major titles . Nicklaus entered the final round in third place , three shots behind 54-hole leader Bruce Crampton . Nicklaus shot a three-under 68 while Crampton fell back to third with 74 ( +3 ) in the Texas heat , with temperatures over 100 F . At the trophy presentation , Nicklaus grasped the very hot Wanamaker Trophy with the aid of a towel . The temperature in downtown Dallas on Sunday reached a high of 110 F. With the victory , Nicklaus at age 23 joined Gene Sarazen , Byron Nelson , and Ben Hogan as the only winners of all three American majors : the Masters , U.S. Open and PGA Championship . Nicklaus completed the first of his three career grand slams three years later at Muirfield in 1966 . The Open Championship was played the previous week in northeast England at Lytham St Annes , one of five times in the 1960s that these two majors were played in consecutive weeks in July . The PGA Championship moved permanently to August in 1969 ( except 1971 , when it was played in late February ) . After cool temperatures in Britain , the oppressive July heat in Dallas was difficult for many to adjust to . Nicklaus bogeyed the last two holes to finish a stroke out of the playoff . Nicklaus won the Masters in April , marking only the third time that the Masters champion won the PGA Championship in the same calendar year . He was preceded by Sam Snead in 1949 and Jack Burke , Jr. in 1956 . Through 2016 , it has been accomplished only four times , twice by Nicklaus , and most recently in 1975 . On Wednesday , Nicklaus set a record in the long drive contest at over 341 yd ; breaking the record set in 1952 by 12 yd .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f5eee896a0ff0b09d7285dc1aa890ee5", "text": "AT&T Champions Classic The AT&T Champions Classic was a professional golf tournament on the Champions Tour in southern California from 1990 to 2009 . A mid-autumn event through 2000 , it was moved to late winter in 2001 . AT&T was the main sponsor of the tournament for its final editions , held at Valencia Country Club in Valencia . The tournament was founded in November 1990 as the `` Security Pacific Senior Classic '' at Rancho Park Golf Club , a municipal course in the city of Los Angeles , where it was played through 1994 . Rancho Park hosted the Los Angeles Open on the PGA Tour from 1956 through 1972 ( except 1968 ) . The purse for the inaugural event was $ 500,000 with a winner 's share of $ 75,000 . From 1995 through 2000 , it was played at Wilshire Country Club , then moved north to Valencia in March 2001 . The purse in 2009 was $ 1.6 million , with a winner 's share of $ 240,000 to playoff winner Dan Forsman , his first victory on the senior tour .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c0d010524517984f3c3599ae669e3d6d", "text": "Tiger Woods PGA Tour 11 Tiger Woods PGA Tour 11 is a golfing simulation video game in the PGA Tour series developed by EA Tiburon and published by Electronic Arts . It was released in 2010 for the PlayStation 3 , Wii , Xbox 360 and iOS . The game is the first in the series to support the PlayStation Move controller for the Sony PlayStation 3 . As with Tiger Woods PGA Tour 10 , the Wii version utilizes Wii MotionPlus . This edition of Tiger Woods PGA Tour is the first to feature someone on the cover other than Tiger himself . The privilege was given to the Northern Irish golfer Rory McIlroy , who was the first person to win a PGA Tour event before their 21st birthday since Tiger Woods . McIlroy would later become the namesake of the PGA tour games .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d2ebec17be3642ecfa3a66f104b419f5", "text": "1984 Masters Tournament The 1984 Masters Tournament was the 48th Masters Tournament , held April 12 -- 15 at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta , Georgia . Ben Crenshaw won the first of his two major titles , both Masters , two strokes ahead of runner-up Tom Watson , the winner in 1977 and 1981 . The leader after 36 holes was Masters rookie Mark Lye at 135 ( − 9 ) , three strokes ahead of Tom Kite . Play was halted near the end of the third round due to thunderstorms and the final groups completed it on Sunday morning . After 54 holes , Kite led at 207 ( − 9 ) and Lye was a stroke back . Crenshaw was two strokes back at 209 and shot a final round 68 ( − 4 ) to slip on his first green jacket . He won again eleven years later in 1995 . Defending champion Seve Ballesteros was assessed a two-stroke penalty in the second round for grounding his club within the confines of a water hazard at the 13th hole and missed the cut by a stroke . He also missed the cut as defending champion in 1981 . Normally scheduled to conclude on the second Sunday of April , this Masters was held a week later , as was 1979 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9f5eb94dea6cf21695b9cdb4f477a1f2", "text": "2005 Masters Tournament The 2005 Masters Tournament was the 69th Masters Tournament , played from April 7 -- 10 at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta , Georgia . Tiger Woods , 29 , won his fourth green jacket on the first hole of a playoff with Chris DiMarco . Rain was a factor the whole week , and delayed much of the play . The purse was $ 7.0 million with a winner 's share of $ 1.26 million . It was the ninth of Woods ' fourteen major championships . This Masters was the last as competitors for three former champions : Tommy Aaron ( 1973 ) , Billy Casper ( 1970 ) , and six-time winner Jack Nicklaus . Ryan Moore was low amateur at 287 ( − 1 ) , the best score by an amateur since 1978 , and earned an exemption to the 2006 tournament . Jerry Pate , a non-playing invitee , won the 46th Par-3 contest on Wednesday with a five-under 22 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d42b1fcb571e76688356fe837e5e81a4", "text": "Official World Golf Ranking The Official World Golf Ranking is a system for rating the performance level of male professional golfers ( although there is no rule prohibiting women from being ranked ) . It was introduced in 1986 and is endorsed by the four major championships and six major professional tours , five of which are charter members of the International Federation of PGA Tours : PGA Tour European Tour Asian Tour ( not a charter member of the Federation ) PGA Tour of Australasia Japan Golf Tour Sunshine Tour Points are also awarded for high finishes on other tours : Web.com Tour , the official developmental tour for the PGA Tour Challenge Tour , the official developmental tour for the European Tour PGA Tour Canada , which became a full member of the Federation in 2009 under its former name of the Canadian Professional Golf Tour OneAsia Tour , not a member of the Federation , but a joint venture between two charter members and two other tours that became full members in 2009 Korean Tour , from 2011 PGA Tour Latinoamérica , from 2012 Asian Development Tour , the official developmental tour for the Asian Tour , from 2013 PGA Tour China , from 2014 Alps Tour , from July 2015 Nordic Golf League , from July 2015 PGA EuroPro Tour , from July 2015 ProGolf Tour , from July 2015 MENA Golf Tour , from April 2016", "title": "" }, { "docid": "07ef9820a1da580907ec7d00b2a37623", "text": "Golf course A golf course is the grounds where the game of golf is played . It comprises a series of holes , each consisting of a teeing ground , a fairway , the rough and other hazards , and a green with a flagstick ( `` pin '' ) and hole ( `` cup '' ) . A standard round of golf consists of 18 holes . Most courses contain 18 holes ; some share fairways or greens , and a subset has nine holes , played twice per round . Par-3 courses consist of nine or 18 holes all of which have a par of three strokes . Many older courses are links , often coastal . Courses are private , public , and municipally owned , and typically feature a pro shop . Many private courses are found at country clubs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ef839173b25d996843f7ec8462b5859", "text": "1958 U.S. Open (golf) The 1958 U.S. Open was the 58th U.S. Open , held June 12 -- 14 at Southern Hills Country Club in Tulsa , Oklahoma . Amid oppressive heat and high winds which created difficult scoring conditions , native Oklahoman Tommy Bolt won his only major championship , four strokes ahead of runner-up Gary Player . It was Player 's debut in the U.S. Open at age 22 . Bolt owned the 36-hole lead at 142 ( +2 ) , a stroke ahead of Player . After a third round 69 on Saturday morning , Bolt was at 211 ( +1 ) and three strokes ahead of Gene Littler , who carded a 67 for 214 ( +4 ) . Littler fell back in the final round in the afternoon , shooting a 76 to finish in fourth place . Bolt ran away from the field with a final round 72 for 283 ( +3 ) , four ahead of Player . Bolt was the only player not to record a round of 75 or over during the championship . Ben Hogan , in search of his fifth U.S. Open title , was hampered by an injured left wrist and finished eleven strokes back in a tie for tenth . Eighteen-year-old Jack Nicklaus , in his second U.S. Open , made his first cut and finished in 41st place . Sam Snead missed the cut for the first time in 18 Open appearances . Two-time champion Gene Sarazen missed the cut in his final appearance , while three-time Masters champion Jimmy Demaret also played his final Open , withdrawing after the third round . It was the first of seven major championships at Southern Hills . The U.S. Open returned in 1977 and 2001 and the PGA Championship has been played at the course four times : 1970 , 1982 , 1994 , and 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9f085e2b4b700c8acf58d4249fcbf647", "text": "1969 Ryder Cup The 18th Ryder Cup Matches were held 18 -- 20 September 1969 at the Royal Birkdale Golf Club in Southport , England . The competition ended in a draw at 16 points each , when America 's Jack Nicklaus conceded a missable three-foot ( 0.9 m ) putt to Britain 's Tony Jacklin at the 18th hole , in one of the most famous gestures of sportsmanship in all of sport . It was the first draw in Ryder Cup history , and the United States team retained the Cup . The matches were marred by considerable acrimony and unsportsmanlike behavior by players on both sides . Britain 's captain Eric Brown had instructed his players not to search for the opposition 's ball if it ended up in the rough . American Ken Still , in the first-day foursomes , had deliberately and regularly stood too close to Briton Maurice Bembridge as he was putting . During one of the fourballs on the second day , both captains had to come out and calm down the warring players . This led to Nicklaus conceding Jacklin 's final putt with the knowledge that the overall competition would end in a draw . On the previous hole , Jacklin sank a long eagle putt while Nicklaus missed his from 15 ft and the match was squared . Jacklin had won the Open Championship two months earlier at nearby Royal Lytham & St Annes to become the first British champion in eighteen years . After holing his final putt for par , Nicklaus picked up Jacklin 's ball marker and told him , `` I do n't think you would have missed it , but I was n't going to give you the chance , either . '' Playing in his first Ryder Cup at age 29 , Nicklaus ' gesture became known as `` the concession '' and marked the beginning of a lasting friendship between the two that has spanned nearly a half century . It was the inspiration for The Concession Golf Club in Florida near Sarasota , which was co-designed by Nicklaus and Jacklin . The two were opposing captains in the competition in 1983 and 1987 . The U.S. team had only two players with previous Ryder Cup experience , Billy Casper and Gene Littler . On the previous four teams , Arnold Palmer did not participate in 1969 , but returned in 1971 and 1973 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f3999fbe74d5e4ae3ed3b52582043e15", "text": "1960 Open Championship The 1960 Open Championship was the 89th Open Championship , played 6 -- 9 July at the Old Course in St Andrews , Scotland . In the centenary year of the Open Championship , Kel Nagle prevailed over Arnold Palmer by a single stroke ; this year marked the championship 's re-emergence as a major stop for American players . The total prize money was increased by forty percent , from # 5,000 to # 7,000 . The winner 's share was increased to # 1,250 with # 900 for second , # 700 for third , # 500 for fourth , # 400 for fifth , # 300 for sixth , # 250 for seventh , # 200 for eighth , # 150 for ninth , and # 130 for tenth . The next fifteen places each received # 60 with # 50 for next seven and then # 40 for the next eighteen . The # 50 prize for winning the qualification event was unchanged while the four prizes for the lowest score in each round were was increased to # 50 . For the centenary event there was a special prize for the winner in the form of a replica of the claret jug . Qualifying took place on 4 -- 5 July , Monday and Tuesday , with 18 holes on the Old Course and 18 holes on the New Course . A maximum of 100 players could qualify . Gary Player led the qualifiers as medalist at 135 , and the qualifying score was 147 and 74 players qualified ; 28 players on 148 were not included . Dick Metz , who had won the World Senior Golf Championship at Gleneagles on 3 July , was one of those on 148 who just failed to qualify . Roberto De Vicenzo opened the tournament proper with consecutive rounds of 67 on Wednesday and Thursday to take a two-stroke lead over Nagle . In the third round , De Vicenzo 's drive on the 14th ended up on top of a wall and he finished the round with a score of 75 , allowing Nagle to take a two-shot lead . Palmer , who had won the U.S. Open three weeks earlier by erasing a seven-shot deficit in the final round , was four back after 54-holes . The final round on Friday afternoon was delayed until Saturday due to a heavy rainfall that flooded portions of the course ; the first postponement in over fifty years . When play resumed the next day , Palmer and Nagle both went out in 34 . Still four-strokes behind , Palmer began another charge on the back . He made up strokes on the 13th and 15th , made a 4 on the 17th , then made birdie at the last . Nagle was standing over a crucial par putt on the Road Hole 17th when he heard the roar signifying Palmer 's birdie at 18 . He managed to collect himself and hole the putt , then made a safe 4 at the last to win the title by a single shot over Palmer . Already 39 at the time of his victory , this was Nagle 's first top ten finish in a major championship . Although little-known outside of Australia at the time of the tournament , he went on to have success throughout the next decade and came close to winning another major at the 1965 U.S. Open , losing to Gary Player in an 18-hole playoff . Palmer had won the first two majors at the Masters and U.S. Open , and was attempting to equal Ben Hogan 's 1953 season with a third consecutive major . His appearance established the British Open as an important tournament for American golfers and , although Palmer himself skipped the tournament a few times afterward , the best American players began crossing the Atlantic with regularity from then on . Palmer won the next two Opens in 1961 and 1962 . The appearance of Palmer , already the most popular golfer in the world , proved to be a turning point for the Open Championship . Until the 1960s , few Americans made the trip to the Open Championship , with the lengthy ocean-voyage and high costs of traveling to Britain often more than they stood to win in the tournament . Even Palmer , winner of the first two majors of the year , had to play in the 36-hole qualifier immediately preceding it . The 1960 event included only four Americans following the qualifier , and only two made the cut . Ten years later , 24 Americans were in the field of 134 . For many years , the event often conflicted with the PGA Championship in the U.S. , a more lucrative major which gradually moved to late July and then August .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea8f7f7446ec4a5b1a6b80a764784335", "text": "2001 Players Championship The 2001 Players Championship was a golf tournament in Florida on the PGA Tour , held at TPC Sawgrass in Ponte Vedra Beach , southeast of Jacksonville . It was the 28th Players Championship . Tiger Woods won the first of his two Players Championships , one stroke ahead of runner-up Vijay Singh . Because of bad weather , the tournament was completed on Monday , March 26 . In the final pairing with 54-hole leader Jerry Kelly , Woods played the final nine holes on Monday . Woods had won the previous three majors in 2000 ; he won the Masters Tournament two weeks later to hold all four major titles at once , the Tiger Slam , as well as this Players , an unofficial `` fifth major . '' He won his second Players a dozen years later in 2013 . Through 2016 , Woods is the only winner of the Players and Masters in the same calendar year ( 2001 ) , and he was the third Players champion to win a major in the same calendar year , joining Jack Nicklaus ( 1978 ) and Hal Sutton ( 1983 ) ; it expanded to four with Martin Kaymer in 2014 . Defending champion Sutton finished seven strokes back , in a tie for fifth place .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fbc681898069e5ff5530cd7ba8e59830", "text": "2000 U.S. Open (golf) The 2000 United States Open Championship was the 100th U.S. Open Championship , held June 15 -- 18 at Pebble Beach Golf Links in Pebble Beach , California . Tiger Woods won his first U.S. Open by a record-setting fifteen strokes over runners-up Ernie Els and Miguel Ángel Jiménez -- it remains the most dominating performance and victory in any major championship . As the United States Golf Association wanted to begin the millennium with a memorable tournament , Pebble Beach was moved up two years in the rotation . Notable golfers going into the tournament at large included Jack Nicklaus , playing in his final U.S. Open , Vijay Singh , the year 's Masters winner , as well as Ernie Els , and David Duval . The defending champion , Payne Stewart , died in an aviation accident less than eight months earlier , in October 1999 . His death was commemorated many times throughout the week , starting with a group of players simultaneously teeing off from the 18th fairway into the Pacific in a twist on the 21-gun salute . Sergio García wore Stewart 's trademark navy plus fours in Stewart 's honor in the first round . Nicklaus was asked to take Stewart 's spot in the traditional grouping , for the first two rounds , of the prior year 's British Open winner ( Paul Lawrie ) , U.S. Amateur winner ( David Gossett ) , and U.S. Open winner .", "title": "" } ]	fever
63b0473a0da07181ddaaeaab389eadd1	Rope was directed.	[ { "docid": "56aa88ddf94ab9ed5b7520ad8a3c58b2", "text": "Rope (film) Rope is a 1948 American film noir psychological crime thriller film directed by Alfred Hitchcock , based on the 1929 play of the same name by Patrick Hamilton , and adapted by Hume Cronyn and Arthur Laurents . The film was produced by Hitchcock and Sidney Bernstein as the first of their Transatlantic Pictures productions . Starring James Stewart , John Dall and Farley Granger , this is the first of Hitchcock 's Technicolor films , and is notable for taking place in real time and being edited so as to appear as a single continuous shot through the use of long takes . It is the second of Hitchcock 's `` limited setting '' films , the first being Lifeboat . The original play was said to be inspired by the real-life murder of 14-year-old Bobby Franks in 1924 by University of Chicago students Nathan Leopold and Richard Loeb .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "c42844a1a1fc778ea322ede39a2664fc", "text": "Threads Threads is a 1984 British television drama jointly produced by the BBC , Nine Network and Western-World Television Inc. . Written by Barry Hines and directed by Mick Jackson , it is a docudrama account of nuclear war and its effects on the city of Sheffield in Northern England . The plot centres on two families as a confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union erupts . As the nuclear exchange between NATO and the Warsaw Pact begins , the film depicts the medical , economic , social and environmental consequences of nuclear war . Shot on a budget of # 250,000 -- 350,000 , the film was the first of its kind to depict a nuclear winter . Certain reviewers nominated Threads as the `` film which comes closest to representing the full horror of nuclear war and its aftermath , as well as the catastrophic impact that the event would have on human culture '' . It has been compared to the earlier programme The War Game produced in Britain in the 1960s and its contemporary The Day After , a 1983 ABC television film depicting a similar scenario in the United States . It was nominated for seven BAFTA awards in 1985 and won for Best Single Drama , Best Design , Best Film Cameraman and Best Film Editor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7ebf4f77f90209b52e0fdf622968269c", "text": "Director's Cut Awards The Director 's Cut Awards is an annual awards ceremony for excellence in film in South Korea . It is presented by the Korea Film Director 's Network ( KFDN ) , a group of approximately 300 Korean filmmakers . The KFDN selects winners in the Korean film industry in eight categories : Director , Actor ( Male/Female ) , New Director , New Actor ( Male/Female ) , Producer and Independent Film Director . It was launched in 1998 by film director Lee Hyun-seung with a membership of `` young generation '' directors in their twenties to forties . The ceremony was temporarily discontinued after 2010 due to `` internal issues '' within the organization . It was resumed in 2014 and held concurrently with the Jecheon International Music and Film Festival ( JIMFF ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a55640024457900988c3b2aa9012214", "text": "The Dam Short Film Festival The Dam Short Film Festival is a film festival held annually in Boulder City , Nevada , typically in early February . Lee Lanier and Anita Lanier are the original co-founders of the festival . The festival is organized by the Dam Short Film Society , a non-profit 501 ( c ) 3 Nevada corporation . Past festival sponsors have included The Art Institutes , the Nevada Film Office , the Hacienda Hotel and Casino , and Cirque du Soleil . The Society receives annual grants from the National Endowment for the Arts via the Nevada Arts Council . Started in 2005 , the Dam Short Film Festival only screens films that run between 1 and 40 minutes . Generally , there are between 100 and 140 short films programmed each year . Although most of the festival shorts are submitted by student , independent , and other `` up-and-coming '' filmmakers , the stiff competition means many of the shorts have been produced involving film professionals . These have included Oscar-winner Louis Gossett Jr. in `` Window , '' Oscar-winner , Tom Hanks , William Shatner , and Michael York in `` Why Shakespeare ? '' , the late Bela Lugosi narrating an animation based on the Edgar Allan Poe classic `` The Tell-Tale Heart '' , Francesco Quinn in `` The Gnostic '' , and Robert Wagner and Lori Singer in `` Little Victim '' The short films are arranged into thematic programs , such as international drama , crime drama , dramedy , science-fiction , horror , comedy , avant-garde , underground , and animation . In addition to the regular screenings , the festival presents special showcases and retrospectives ; for example , the 2009 event featured a showcase dedicated to documentary filmmaker Jay Rosenblatt while 2008 included a program dedicated to animator Jim Blashfield The festival also presents parties , mixers , filmmaker panels , and Q&A sessions with attending filmmakers . In 2008 , the Festival moved to the historic 400-seat Boulder Theatre . The Theatre was built in 1931 and is currently owned by Desi Arnaz Jr. and his wife Amy . 2014 marked the 10th anniversary of the festival . At present , Lee Lanier serves as the Dam Short Film Society 's executive director while John LaBonney serves as festival director . The Society has a working board of directors that varies from 4 to 6 members .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "72624258d58807ba85fe8f6238ca0eb8", "text": "Basic Instinct Basic Instinct is a 1992 neo-noir erotic thriller film directed by Paul Verhoeven and written by Joe Eszterhas , and starring Michael Douglas and Sharon Stone . The film follows a police detective , Nick Curran ( Douglas ) , who is investigating the brutal murder of a wealthy rock star . During the investigation Curran becomes involved in a torrid and intense relationship with the prime suspect , Catherine Tramell ( Stone ) , an enigmatic writer . Even before its release , Basic Instinct generated heated controversy due to its overt sexuality and graphic depiction of violence . It was strongly opposed by gay rights activists , who criticized the film 's depiction of homosexual relationships and the portrayal of a bisexual woman as a murderous narcissistic psychopath . In a 2006 interview , Stone alleged that the infamous leg-crossing scene in which her vulva was exposed was filmed without her knowledge . Despite initial critical negativity and public protest , Basic Instinct became one of the most financially successful films of the 1990s , grossing $ 352 million worldwide . Several versions of the film have been released on videocassette , DVD , and Blu-ray including a director 's cut with extended footage previously unseen in North American cinemas . The film has contemporarily been recognized for its groundbreaking depictions of sexuality in mainstream Hollywood cinema , and has been referred to by scholars as `` a neo-noir masterpiece that plays with , and transgresses , the narrative rules of film noir . '' A 2006 sequel , Basic Instinct 2 starring Stone was made without Verhoeven 's involvement , but received negative reviews from critics and was unsuccessful at the box office .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ac11de3957afc0b2a10a1221ea8116d", "text": "Leopold and Loeb Nathan Freudenthal Leopold Jr. ( November 19 , 1904 -- August 29 , 1971 ) and Richard Albert Loeb ( -LSB- ˈloʊb -RSB- June 11 , 1905 -- January 28 , 1936 ) , usually referred to collectively as Leopold and Loeb , were two wealthy students at the University of Chicago who in May 1924 kidnapped and murdered 14-year-old Robert Franks in Chicago . They committed the murder -- widely characterized at the time as `` the crime of the century '' -- as a demonstration of their perceived intellectual superiority , which , they thought , rendered them capable of carrying out a `` perfect crime '' , and absolved them of responsibility for their actions . After the two men were arrested , Loeb 's family retained Clarence Darrow as counsel for their defense . Darrow 's 12-hour-long summation at their sentencing hearing is noted for its influential criticism of capital punishment as retributive rather than transformative justice . Both men were sentenced to life imprisonment plus 99 years . Loeb was murdered by a fellow prisoner in 1936 ; Leopold was released on parole in 1958 . The Franks murder has been the inspiration for several works of film , theatre , and literature , including Patrick Hamilton 's 1929 play Rope and Alfred Hitchcock 's 1948 film of the same name . Later movies , such as Compulsion -- adapted from Meyer Levin 's 1957 novel -- and Swoon , were also based on the crime .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "53c0b5688e4737bd6d4e918af20bf6c9", "text": "Hakkaisan Ropeway The is Japanese aerial lift line in Minamiuonuma , Niigata , operated by Prince Hotels . The line opened in 1983 as a gondola lift line , and refurbished as an aerial tramway in 2001 . It climbs of . The line mainly transports skiers , but also hikers and autumn color spectators in other seasons . The line only operates in `` winter '' ( from December to March ) and `` summer '' ( from May to October ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "697580c81479770dc6c70a31e36dd7f8", "text": "B movie A B movie is a low-budget commercial movie , but one that is not an arthouse film . In its original usage , during the Golden Age of Hollywood , the term more precisely identified films intended for distribution as the less-publicized bottom half of a double feature . Although the U.S. production of movies intended as second features largely ceased by the end of the 1950s , the term B movie continues to be used in the broader sense it maintains today . In its post -- Golden Age usage , there is ambiguity on both sides of the definition : on the one hand , the primary interest of many inexpensive exploitation films is prurient ; on the other , many B movies display a high degree of craft and aesthetic ingenuity . In either usage , most B movies represent a particular genre -- the Western was a Golden Age B movie staple , while low-budget science-fiction and horror films became more popular in the 1950s . Early B movies were often part of series in which the star repeatedly played the same character . Almost always shorter than the top-billed films they were paired with , many had running times of 70 minutes or less . The term connoted a general perception that B movies were inferior to the more handsomely budgeted headliners ; individual B films were often ignored by critics . Latter-day B movies still sometimes inspire multiple sequels , but series are less common . As the average running time of top-of-the-line films increased , so did that of B pictures . In its current usage , the term has somewhat contradictory connotations : it may signal an opinion that a certain movie is ( a ) a genre film with minimal artistic ambitions or ( b ) a lively , energetic film uninhibited by the constraints imposed on more expensive projects and unburdened by the conventions of putatively `` serious '' independent film . The term is also now used loosely to refer to some higher-budgeted , mainstream films with exploitation-style content , usually in genres traditionally associated with the B movie . From their beginnings to the present day , B movies have provided opportunities both for those coming up in the profession and others whose careers are waning . Celebrated filmmakers such as Anthony Mann and Jonathan Demme learned their craft in B movies . They are where actors such as John Wayne and Jack Nicholson first became established , and they have provided work for former A movie actors , such as Vincent Price and Karen Black . Some actors , such as Bela Lugosi , Eddie Constantine and Pam Grier , worked in B movies for most of their careers . The term B actor is sometimes used to refer to a performer who finds work primarily or exclusively in B pictures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a47b8dd1561e4cc37d4e2c7b30d92ea3", "text": "Bridgewire A bridgewire , sometimes spelled as bridge wire , also known as a hot bridge wire ( HBW ) is a relatively thin resistance wire used to set off a pyrotechnic composition serving as pyrotechnic initiator . By passing of electric current it is heated to a high temperature that starts the exothermic chemical reaction of the attached composition . After successful firing , the bridgewire melts , resulting in an open circuit . Usually a thin nichrome wire is used . Some applications also use platinum-silver alloy ; other bridgewire materials in use are platinum , gold , silver , tungsten , etc. . Care has to be taken when selecting the material as it is in direct contact with the pyrotechnic composition and should not undergo corrosion in such conditions . Another material , able to actively release chemical energy , is Pyrofuze , aluminium wire clad with palladium ; when being heated it undergoes strongly exothermic reaction as the molten metals form an alloy . A variant with the same function consists of laminated thin alternate layers of aluminium and nickel . Carbon bridge is a thin spot of colloidal graphite used as the bridgewire . Some variants use a conductive pyrotechnic composition as the resistive material . In amateur rocketry , grossly overloaded low wattage metal film resistors and 0805 Surface-mount technology resistors are also used . A shallow notch cut into the center of the bridgewire promotes gross localized overheating instead of homogeneous heating of the entire bridgewire . This may improve the bridgewire performance in some applications . Bridgewires are used in diverse applications ; to trigger detonators , electric matches , squibs , electric blasting caps , pyrotechnic fasteners , and more . Bridgewires dipped in a suitable pyrotechnic composition ( pyrogen ) are known as electric matches . Pyrogens with content of magnesium allow reaching very high combustion temperatures . Devices using bridgewires , whether for initiating an explosion ( `` electroexplosive '' ) or for nonexplosive purposes , are called bridge wire actuated devices ( BWAD ) . Bridgewires , especially connected to longer cables , may be susceptible to initiation by currents induced by external electromagnetic fields . By passing an extremely high amount of electric current through the bridgewire , it gets rapidly vaporized , causing a small explosion . This is exploited in exploding-bridgewire detonators ( EBWs ) , used for very safe and highly precise initiation of explosives , e.g. in nuclear weapons .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "980192d6fa3366e4f0d2e64e3d4c0cb6", "text": "Kenneth Kokin Kenneth Kokin has been a producer for many first time feature directors . He is also a sworn deputy in state of Georgia . The debut feature film he produced for Bryan Singer , Public Access won the Sundance Grand Jury Prize . Ken Kokin and Singer developed a script with writer Christopher McQuarrie to produce the multi-Academy Award winning film The Usual Suspects which Kokin directed the substantial second-unit and co-produced . This achievement landed Kokin on the cover of Fade In Magazine as one of `` The 100 People to Know in Hollywood '' . Kokin spent the next several years dividing his time between working with new film makers and developing a screenplay on the life of Alexander the Great , written with Peter Buchman and McQuarrie , for Martin Scorsese and Leonardo DiCaprio . ( Scorsese and DiCaprio chose to do The Aviator first , making way for Oliver Stone to produce his version of Alexander . ) Next , he produced and directed second-unit on McQuarrie 's directorial first feature , The Way of the Gun starring Juliette Lewis , Ryan Phillippe , James Caan and Oscar winner Benicio del Toro . The 2008 Sundance Film Festival marks Kenneth Kokin 's next statements in cinema with Captain Abu Raed the Audience Award Winner in festival 's World Dramatic Competition . This is not only the first independent film produced in Kingdom of Jordan but it 's the fist feature film from recent AFI graduate Amin Matalqa . 2008 is also the year where For Tomorrow the documentary that Kokin produced and directed in Argentina which was an official selection for the Tribeca Film Festival and the Newport Beach Film Festival where he won the Humanitarian Vision Award . This groundbreaking documentary premiered in 10 film festivals and won many other awards and created awareness about cause of Toms shoes assisting the company in achieve recognition as the fastest growing shoe company in the world . Kenneth Kokin 's dedication to directing started at 14 when he started making his own films with a borrowed Super-8 camera . In high school , he directed several claymation , live action shorts and documentaries on 16mm . His most ambitious teenage endeavor was a re-creation of the Civil War Battle of Bull Run where he combined animated clay figures and actors to win the Newbridge Reel Award for Best Picture . Upon graduating from University of Southern California Cinema , Kokin joined the Editor 's Guild and worked at both NBC and Amblin Entertainment . CBS hired Kokin to shoot , edit and direct the behind the scenes for the longest-running annual special , Circus of the Stars where he worked with lions , tigers , motorcycle , stunts , high-wire and trapeze acts . Having a passion for all elements of filmmaking from pre-production through production and post-production , Kokin chose producing and directing because they are the only jobs where he has the opportunity to participate in all areas of the process . Recently , Kokin has produced a Chinese-America co-production in Chengdu , China starring John Robinson http://www.imdb.com/name/nm1440281/ and Xiaolu Li http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0523735/ . Back in two thousand and eight , he traveled South America , Haiti and Africa directing documentaries about the pandemic of poverty and HIV facing children in those regions . Staying true to his roots in the crime genre Kenneth Kokin wrote the feature about the famous mobster , James `` Whitey '' Bulger . The Los Angeles Time piece June 26 , 2012 quoted Kokin to say , `` Finding out that Whitey Bulger was living in Santa Monica just three blocks away from me was a little like looking frantically for your sunglasses only to find out they were on your head the whole time . '' Kokin 's passion for documentaries continues as he is currently working on a feature about sea mammals as well as working as a producer in reality television . link title http://about.me/kenkokin", "title": "" }, { "docid": "546bfe44d96d2b88881fd4028223b6f8", "text": "Nail knot The nail knot , also known as the tube knot or gryp knot , is mostly used in carp and fly-fishing . The nail knot was named because a nail was inserted as a guide when threading the line . Today , it is easier to use a small straw . The nail knot is an important fishing knot used to join two lines of different diameters and allows for line diameters to diminish down to the fly . I.E. , it is useful for attaching your backing to the fly line , and your fly line to the leader , or tippet . The knot can be tied in multiple ways and is uniform . Most common uses in fly-fishing are attaching the leader to the fly line and attaching the fly line to the backing . Fly-fishing is an angling method in which an artificial `` fly '' is used to catch fish . The fly is cast using a fly rod , reel , and specialized weighted line . Casting a nearly weightless fly or `` lure '' requires casting techniques significantly different from other forms of casting . Fly fishermen use hand-tied flies that resemble natural invertebrates or other food organisms , or `` lures '' to provoke the fish to strike . Carp anglers use the nail knot to attach monofilament-fishing line and/or braided fishing line to lead core leader material . To tie the nail knot by hand is very difficult ; therefore some anglers use a nail knot-tying tool . It is one of those deceptively simple , clever , useful , and easy to use tools that many seem to own . This tool also seems to fly `` under the radar '' in terms of public awareness . It allows fishermen to tie any size monofilament , fluorocarbon line or fishing braid to any size fishhook , fishing lure or lead core in just seconds . With it you can tie various knots , but it is best known for the nail/gryp knot . It ca n't come untied because the untied end is gripped by all the turns of the knot . This knot will not slip , even if you make a hair loop on a carp hair rig , as the tag end goes under all the wraps . How To Tie the Nail Knot Lay a nail or hollow tube against the end of a fly line . Set the butt section end of a leader against the line and tube . Leave an extra 10 -- 12 ″ of its tag end to tie the knot . Make 6 -- 8 close together wraps , working left to right , back around the leader , line and tube or nail . Pass the tag end through the tube or the spaces made by the nail and remove the tube . Pull tag end to snug up the coils , then tag end and leader to seat the knot firmly onto the fly line . Trim tag end close to the knot .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd0ace1270f626365441a3fbd3d36d96", "text": "Unsimulated sex Unsimulated sex is the presentation in a film of sex scenes where the actors engage in an actual sex act , and are not just miming or simulating the actions . At one time in the United States such scenes were restricted by law and self-imposed industry standards such as the Motion Picture Production Code . Films showing explicit sexual activity were confined to privately distributed underground films , such as stag films or `` porn loops '' . Beginning in the late 1960s , most notably with Blue Movie by Andy Warhol , mainstream cinemas began pushing boundaries in terms of what was presented on screen . Although the vast majority of sexual situations depicted in mainstream cinema are simulated ( in early pornography , the main actors engaged in simulated sex , with inserts placed in the film ) , on rare occasions actors engage in real sex . The difference between these films and pornography is that , while such scenes might be considered erotic , the intent of these films is not solely pornographic . Notable examples include two of the eight Bedside-films and the six Zodiac-films from the 1970s , all of which were produced in Denmark and had many pornographic sex scenes , but were nevertheless considered mainstream films ( they all had mainstream casts and crews , and premiered in mainstream cinemas ) . The last of these films , Agent 69 Jensen i Skyttens tegn , was made in 1978 . From the end of the 1970s until the late 1990s it was rare to see hardcore scenes in mainstream cinema , but this changed with the success of Lars von Trier 's The Idiots ( 1998 ) , which heralded a wave of art-house films with explicit content , such as Romance ( 1999 ) , Baise-moi ( 2000 ) , Intimacy ( 2001 ) , Vincent Gallo 's The Brown Bunny ( 2003 ) , and Michael Winterbottom 's 9 Songs ( 2004 ) . Some simulated sex scenes are sufficiently realistic that critics mistakenly believe that they are real , such as the cunnilingus scene in the 2006 film Red Road .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3c95d6b6f0e5fc404bce953042aa238", "text": "Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film . The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "57531ef3d1b2b1100ae9c257dff22286", "text": "Rope (data structure) In computer programming , a rope , or cord , is a data structure composed of smaller strings that is used to efficiently store and manipulate a very long string . For example , a text editing program may use a rope to represent the text being edited , so that operations such as insertion , deletion , and random access can be done efficiently .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64daf635e0704799258b62ebaea7c666", "text": "Art film An art film is typically a serious , independent film aimed at a niche market rather than a mass market audience . An art film is `` intended to be a serious artistic work , often experimental and not designed for mass appeal '' ; they are `` made primarily for aesthetic reasons rather than commercial profit '' , and they contain `` unconventional or highly symbolic content '' . Film critics and film studies scholars typically define an art film as possessing `` formal qualities that mark them as different from mainstream Hollywood films '' , which can include , among other elements , a sense of social realism ; an emphasis on the authorial expressiveness of the director ; and a focus on the thoughts , dreams , or motivations of characters , as opposed to the unfolding of a clear , goal-driven story . Film scholar David Bordwell describes art cinema as `` a film genre , with its own distinct conventions '' . Art film producers usually present their films at specialty theatres ( repertory cinemas , or , in the U.S. , `` arthouse cinemas '' ) and film festivals . The term art film is much more widely used in the United States , the UK and Australia than in Europe , where the term is more associated with `` auteur '' films and `` national cinema '' ( e.g. , German national cinema ) . Because they are aimed at small niche market audiences , they can rarely get the financial backing that will permit large production budgets , expensive special effects , costly celebrity actors , or huge advertising campaigns , as are used in widely released mainstream blockbuster films . Art film directors make up for these constraints by creating a different type of film , which typically uses lesser-known film actors ( or even amateur actors ) and modest sets to make films that focus much more on developing ideas or exploring new narrative techniques or film-making conventions . A certain degree of experience and knowledge are required to fully understand or appreciate such films . One mid-1990s art film was called `` largely a cerebral experience '' that one enjoys `` because of what you know about film '' . This contrasts sharply with mainstream `` blockbuster '' films , which are geared more towards escapism and pure entertainment . For promotion , art films rely on the publicity generated from film critics ' reviews , discussion of their film by arts columnists , commentators and bloggers , and `` word-of-mouth '' promotion by audience members . Since art films have small initial investment costs , they only need to appeal to a small portion of the mainstream viewing audiences to become financially viable .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "701114f9f5afab4c74e99be273917cf9", "text": "Bondage (2006 film) Bondage is a 2006 film written and directed by Eric Allen Bell ( creator of Global One TV ) . The film had limited release in January 2006 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "76ffc990bf4494a56d8d210d60b402b8", "text": "Jerked Jerked , also known as May the Best Man Win , is an American comedy film directed by Andrew O'Connor and co-written with Lee Hupfield and Matthew Robinson . The film stars Whitmer Thomas , Drew Tarver , Rosa Salazar , Budd Diaz and Ryan Grassmeyer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6f37ff145aac52ef5778e26a0612a3fe", "text": "Wire A wire is a single , usually cylindrical , flexible strand or rod of metal . Wires are used to bear mechanical loads or electricity and telecommunications signals . Wire is commonly formed by drawing the metal through a hole in a die or draw plate . Wire gauges come in various standard sizes , as expressed in terms of a gauge number . The term wire is also used more loosely to refer to a bundle of such strands , as in `` multistranded wire '' , which is more correctly termed a wire rope in mechanics , or a cable in electricity . Wire comes in solid core , stranded , or braided forms . Although usually circular in cross-section , wire can be made in square , hexagonal , flattened rectangular , or other cross-sections , either for decorative purposes , or for technical purposes such as high-efficiency voice coils in loudspeakers . Edge-wound coil springs , such as the Slinky toy , are made of special flattened wire .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3b4f9ed9a981884101e6f734af2f4021", "text": "Office Lady Rope Slave aka Oniroku Dan 's OL Rope Slave and sometimes mis-referenced as is a 1981 Japanese film in Nikkatsu 's Roman porno series , directed by Katsuhiko Fujii and starring Junko Mabuki .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3fdbe1e7e535d55106b168ec842271ad", "text": "Rope and Breasts is a 1983 Japanese film in Nikkatsu 's Roman porno series , directed by Masaru Konuma and starring Nami Matsukawa .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "94fac71226bd19832e059ef3a0280bff", "text": "Barenaked in America Barenaked in America is a 1999 documentary film about the Canadian band Barenaked Ladies filmed during the 1998-1999 Stunt tour . Directed by actor Jason Priestley , the film was first shown at the Toronto International Film Festival . The band and director introduced the film at the Winter Garden theatre . Barenaked in America was originally released in the United States through a distribution deal with Blockbuster Video , and was available only for rental in VHS format . Blockbuster put many of its remaining copies on the sale rack , in an effort to eliminate its inventory , after their exclusive deal had expired . Barenaked in America has since been released on DVD in territories outside of North America , with no word on a US or Canadian release . The film has run on premium movie channels in the US .", "title": "" } ]	fever
44b376bbe8a73c111f635f5ba6a732cb	Prince released zero albums in 2004.	[ { "docid": "00157046f026a2ec5a73ff049c2da298", "text": "Prince (musician) Prince Rogers Nelson ( June 7 , 1958 -- April 21 , 2016 ) was an American singer-songwriter , actor , multi-instrumentalist , philanthropist , dancer and record producer . He was a musical innovator who was known for his eclectic work , flamboyant stage presence , extravagant dress and makeup , and wide vocal range . His music integrates a wide variety of styles , including funk , rock , R&B , new wave , soul , psychedelia , and pop . He has sold over 100 million records worldwide , making him one of the best-selling artists of all time . He won seven Grammy Awards , an American Music Award , a Golden Globe Award , and an Academy Award for the film Purple Rain . He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2004 , his first year of eligibility . Rolling Stone ranked Prince at number 27 on its list of 100 Greatest Artists , `` the most influential artists of the rock & roll era '' . Prince was born in Minneapolis , Minnesota , and developed an interest in music as a young child . He signed a recording contract with Warner Bros. at the age of 18 , and released his debut album For You in 1978 . His 1979 album Prince went platinum , and his next three records -- Dirty Mind ( 1980 ) , Controversy ( 1981 ) , and 1999 ( 1982 ) -- continued his success , showcasing Prince 's prominently sexual lyrics and blending of funk , dance , and rock music . In 1984 , he began referring to his backup band as the Revolution and released Purple Rain , the soundtrack album to his eponymous 1984 film debut . It quickly became his most critically and commercially successful release , spending 24 consecutive weeks atop the Billboard 200 and selling over 20 million units worldwide . After releasing the albums Around the World in a Day ( 1985 ) and Parade ( 1986 ) , The Revolution disbanded , and Prince released the double album Sign o ' the Times ( 1987 ) as a solo artist . He released three more solo albums before debuting the New Power Generation band in 1991 . In 1993 , while in a contractual dispute with Warner Bros. , he changed his stage name to , an unpronounceable symbol also known as the `` Love Symbol '' , and began releasing new albums at a faster pace to remove himself from contractual obligations . He released five records between 1994 and 1996 before signing with Arista Records in 1998 . In 2000 , he began referring to himself as `` Prince '' again . He released 16 albums after that , including the platinum-selling Musicology ( 2004 ) . His final album , Hit n Run Phase Two , was first released on the Tidal streaming service on December 12 , 2015 . Prince died from a fentanyl overdose at his Paisley Park recording studio and home in Chanhassen , Minnesota , on April 21 , 2016 , at the age of 57 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "f17593e0e44bc6b48f05c873a57cc861", "text": "Prince & Princess `` Prince & Princess '' is the third single from Versailles , released on December 10 , 2008 . The single was released in six different versions ; five with a different member on the cover and one regular edition with the whole group on the cover plus the bonus track `` Silent Knight '' . This version of `` Prince '' is slightly different from the one that was first distributed free of charge on the band 's website and then added to the October 22 reissue of their first album , Noble . `` Princess '' is featured on the band 's second album Jubilee , albeit as the re-recording `` Princess - Revival of Church - '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a93260c4acfac947a0da1f90f9a8c4aa", "text": "Flying Free Flying Free is the fourth studio album by Native American band Black Eagle , released in March 9 , 2004 and recorded in July 2002 . It received the Grammy Award for Best Native American Music Album in 2004 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d2419e1ef83989738589e26688c5473", "text": "Live in 2004 Live in 2004 is a live-double album released on August 3 , 2004 by the Washington , D.C.-based go-go band Rare Essence . The album was recorded live at The Classics Nightclub in Suitland , Maryland , and consists of an audio CD of the concert , and a video DVD of the same concert .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7c4868509573d8a2b31f8f8553b533ad", "text": "Space (Prince song) `` Space '' is a song by American musician Prince from his 1994 album Come . The B-side of the single is actually the album track . The A-side is the Universal Love Radio Remix of `` Space '' , with completely new lyrics . In the album version of `` Space '' Prince sings about being obsessed with a lover and wanting to take their love higher comparing to the likes of space whereas the Universal Love Remix features a rap from Prince at the end which is lyrically similar to his smash hit `` When Doves Cry '' with a new bridge saying `` All the pain that a human has to go through , in a planet that 's so bitter and cold / Universal love awaits you , baby all you got to say is that you really , really , really wan na go / And we 're outta here '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b289b880ef81f7df485f139cd3899d4f", "text": "Me and Mr. Johnson Me and Mr. Johnson is a 2004 album recorded by Eric Clapton consisting of covers of songs written and originally recorded by Robert Johnson . Released in March 2004 by Reprise Records , with the cover painted by Sir Peter Blake , using a series of photographs of Clapton . Clapton had planned to record an album of new material , but by the time of the recording sessions there were not enough new songs written , so the band instead recorded a series of Johnson songs . Me and Mr. Johnson sold more than two million albums worldwide and reached the Top 10 in more than 15 countries . A companion album and video release entitled Sessions for Robert J was released on December 7 , 2004 , and featured different versions of each of the songs from the studio album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d22c304cc66a690bee251b92e1ae90f", "text": "Tangerine Tree Tangerine Tree was a fan project operating from 2002 through 2006 with the goal of collecting , preserving and distributing unreleased concerts and other audio material by the band Tangerine Dream . The creators of the Tangerine Tree project received permission from Tangerine Dream to release the collection on a strict non-profit basis . Several of the Tangerine Tree volumes have been used as the basis for official Tangerine Dream releases . The project collected just under 300 hours of material ( 291:39:26 ) . Material was collected from audience recordings , soundboard recordings , recordings of radio and TV transmissions and in some cases the purchase of studio masters . Only recordings of a high quality and a unique nature were considered for the core Tangerine Tree volumes . These recordings were professionally re-mastered and released on CD-R and accompanied by high quality artwork for the CD labels and case liners . Tangerine Leaves releases were based on material that did not meet the quality standards of the Tangerine Tree or from concerts that were not considered notable among a series of concerts . If a better source was found , a Tangerine Leaves volume might have been deprecated and replaced by a Tangerine Tree volume . Starting from 1980 , the music played during each of the shows in a single Tangerine Dream concert tour were very similar , so it was impractical to release many volumes of the Tangerine Tree with similar content . Audio DVD Tree volumes consisted of about two sets of the Tangerine Tree volumes on a DVD that played to a slideshow of the CD artwork . These releases were standard DVDs with a menu structure and were available in both PAL and NTSC versions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee79964c220fcfc01709a995dde76ae9", "text": "Platinum & Gold Collection (Toni Braxton album) Platinum & Gold Collection , released in 2004 , is the second greatest hits compilation by Toni Braxton , following Ultimate Toni Braxton released in 2003 . It is a budget CD with fewer songs than Ultimate , but it has the remix versions of some songs . Although the album was not given a proper release in the United States and is considered an international release , it has sold 281,518 copies in the US as of February 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8c332305eb43d5a0de01a189315ec4fd", "text": "Pop (Joachim Witt album) POP is the eleventh studio album released by Joachim Witt in 2004 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "707f1d6ea373acd8afa7e6b2ba4157fc", "text": "The Old Prince The Old Prince is the second studio album by Canadian rapper Shad , released October 23 , 2007 on Black Box Recordings . On June 30 , 2009 it was re-released on iTunes on the same label .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "28cb8fe3bea224a791e27589e58fe550", "text": "Impossible Princess Impossible Princess ( retitled Kylie Minogue in the UK and Europe for a temporary period , following the death of Princess Diana ) is the sixth studio album by Australian singer Kylie Minogue , released on 22 October 1997 , by Sony BMG and Deconstruction in Japan . Minogue had co-written all the songs on the album , with additional credits in production and composition ; the album was also assisted by Dave Ball , Ingo Vauk , Brothers in Rhythm , Manic Street Preachers and Rob Dougan , among others . Musically , the album was inspired by the techno and brit-pop revolution during the late 1990s , and incorporates musical elements of trip-hop , dance music , rock , and electronica . Lyrically , it focuses on Minogue 's relationships , self-discovery , and a variety of emotions . Impossible Princess received a polarized response from music critics . American and Australian critics noted Minogue 's involvement in the production , whilst the sound and experimentation were commended . Conversely , British press criticized these points . Additionally , the records attracted controversy by the public , which was ambivalent towards Minogue 's sonic and visual development . Commercially , the album reached the top 10 in Australia , Scotland and the United Kingdom , but was certified Platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association ( ARIA ) for physical shipments of 70,000 units . The lack of commercial success prompted further tabloid exploitation of Minogue and the album , with formal comments added by the producers and management of Deconstruction . Five singles were released off the album : `` Some Kind of Bliss '' , `` Did It Again '' , `` Breathe '' , and `` Cowboy Style '' , all of which experienced moderate success . The fifth single , `` Too Far '' , was distributed in the US and UK to promote the album . After a promotional tour in 1997 , Minogue went on her Intimate and Live tour in Australia and the UK the following year , which was a commercial and critical success . Since the album 's release , it has been recognized by publications as one of Minogue 's key `` re-inventions '' . In retrospect , Minogue labelled the Impossible Princess period as the lowest point of her career .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9c70c6a17a8a6a46e7e31dc89eda0024", "text": "Gotta Stop (Messin' About) `` Got ta Stop ( Messin ' About ) '' was the follow-up single in the UK to support Prince 's third album , Dirty Mind . The single was not an album track , though it was written at the same time , and possessed a similar sound . `` Got ta Stop Messin ' About '' b/w `` Horny Toad '' marked the first time Prince released non-album tracks , which , especially as B-sides , would become a prominent part of his career . The song is keyboard dominated , and the lyrics speak of a woman who 's constantly `` messin ' about '' with other men . The song contains familiar Prince themes of sexual frustration , masturbation and sexual metaphors . The track consists of two verses and multiple repeats of the chorus . It was played live on the Dirty Mind Tour with an extended instrumental section at the end . `` Got ta Stop ( Messin ' About ) '' was released in the UK as two separate 7 '' singles , one with the Dirty Mind track `` Uptown '' as a B-side , and the other with `` I Wan na Be Your Lover '' , from Prince . Each single also had an accompanying 12 '' single , both with the same tracks as the 7 '' and both including the song `` Head '' , from Dirty Mind . Despite an extensive advertising campaign and promotion , and coinciding with Prince 's first UK gig , neither issue of the single charted . The track would later be released in the U.S. as the B-side of the 12 '' single for `` Let 's Work '' , and become a highly sought-after collector 's item . `` Got ta Stop ( Messin ' About ) '' was also later released on The Hits/The B-Sides and Prince 4Ever .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aaf24179129fbf8fd0dc9d28186ff248", "text": "Hit n Run Phase Two Hit n Run Phase Two is the thirty-ninth and final studio album by American recording artist Prince and the last to be released before his death on April 21 , 2016 . It was initially released exclusively on the Tidal streaming service on December 12 , 2015 for streaming and purchase as a continuation of his previous album , Hit n Run Phase One . Prince confirmed on Twitter that a physical CD would be released during a weekend of Paisley Park shows in January 2016 . The CD was given away to attendees of the shows on the Australian and New Zealand leg of the Piano & A Microphone Tour . The album was finally given a worldwide CD release on May 6 , 2016 through Universal Music Group .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d4d3e5f67867b21dcf58964d32487282", "text": "Around the World in a Day Around the World in a Day is the seventh studio album by American recording artist Prince , and the second to feature his backing band The Revolution . It was released on April 22 , 1985 by Paisley Park Records and Warner Bros. . Records . Departing somewhat from the commercial sound of his previous release , the massively successful Purple Rain ( 1984 ) , the album instead saw Prince experimenting with psychedelic styles and more opulent textures . In compliance with Prince 's wishes , the record company released the album with minimal publicity , withholding accompanying singles until almost a month after the album 's release . Around the World in a Day was released to notably mixed reception after the success of Purple Rain , though it nonetheless sold relatively well , eventually going double platinum and becoming Prince and the Revolution 's second number-one album on the Billboard 200 . Two of its four singles reached the top 10 : `` Raspberry Beret '' and `` Pop Life '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2466fd4b04e51a751bf6545567b88d85", "text": "Little Prince Little Prince may refer to : The Little Prince , French writer and aviator Antoine de Saint-Exupéry 's most famous novella and the eponymously named character within the story , or other versions of the story adapted for various media , including : The Little Prince ( 1974 film ) , a 1974 musical film directed by Stanley Donen The Little Prince ( 2015 film ) , a 2015 computer-animated fantasy film directed by Mark Osborne The Little Prince ( play ) , a theatrical adaptation The Little Prince ( opera ) , a 2003 opera in two acts by Rachel Portman to an English libretto by Nicholas Wright The Adventures of The Little Prince ( TV series ) , an anime series The Little Prince ( 2010 TV series ) The Little Prince and the Aviator , a 1981 musical theatre adaptation List of The Little Prince adaptations , a listing of The Little Prince story adapted into various media Petit-Prince ( moon ) ( English : Little Prince ) , a small moon orbiting asteroid 69 Eugenia , named jointly in honour of the French Empress Eugénie 's son , the Prince Imperial , and as allusion to the eponymously named Saint-Exupéry novella The Little Prince Little Prince ( chief ) ( also named : Tastanaki Hopayi and Tustanagee Hopae , died 1832 ) , chieftain and longtime representative of the Muscogee ( Lower Creeks ) tribe in the United States `` Little Prince '' ( Miami Vice ) , episode of the 1980s undercover cop television series Miami Vice `` The Little Prince '' ( Lost ) , 2009 episode in the fifth season of the American television series Lost `` Little Prince '' ( song ) , a 1974 song by Frederick Loewe and Alan Jay Lerner which featured in the 1974 film and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Song at the 47th Academy Awards The Little Prince ( EP ) , a 2016 extended play ( EP ) by South Korean singer Kim Ryeowook , a member from boy band Super Junior", "title": "" }, { "docid": "14e7964d4465137956d15ccb6aee60e5", "text": "Music Inspired by Watership Down Music Inspired by Watership Down is a progressive rock album by Swedish musician Bo Hansson . The album is Hansson 's fourth solo album and is , as its name suggests , built around musical ideas inspired by Richard Adams ' heroic fantasy novel Watership Down . It was the second album of Hansson 's to have been based on a novel ; his first solo album , Music Inspired by Lord of the Rings , had likewise been based on J. R. R. Tolkien 's The Lord of the Rings . Hansson had already composed and released a musical suite inspired by Watership Down on his previous album Attic Thoughts . However , beyond its title , the Music Inspired by Watership Down album contains few overt references to the novel and instead features excerpts from the works of various poets , such as John Keats and Alexander Pope . Music Inspired by Watership Down was originally released in Sweden as El-Ahrairah by YTF Records in 1977 . This title was taken directly from the pages of Watership Down , with El-Ahrairah being the name of a trickster , folk hero-deity rabbit , known as `` The Prince with a Thousand Enemies '' . The album was subsequently released with its English title by Charisma Records in the United Kingdom and Sire Records in the United States , but it failed to chart on either side of the Atlantic . Music Inspired by Watership Down was reissued on CD in 2004 by Virgin Records .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a7fb89c4a3807797cbef73522b65623", "text": "Lovesexy Tour The Lovesexy Tour was a tour by American recording artist-musician Prince in 1988 -- 1989 in support of his platinum album , Lovesexy . The tour was his last outing in the 1980s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "752f24bfbd93eeb5ee011f01520f4ba3", "text": "I Wish U Heaven `` I Wish U Heaven '' is a song by Prince , and the third single from his 1988 album , Lovesexy . It is a joyful , spiritual song with few lyrics , which runs 2:43 . The 12 '' single is a substantially extended three-part suite which runs over ten minutes . This song was a replacement for `` The Line '' , an upbeat jam featuring Sheila E. on backing vocals . * Part One of the mix starts with a stripped-down version of the Lovesexy album song , remixed with a dance beat . The original drum programming and rhythmic electric guitar riffs are deleted for much of the song . Part Two is a gospel rendition with new lyrics , continuing the spiritual theme . This part of the song was often sung in concert during the Lovesexy World Tour . The beginning of this section paraphrases lyrics from `` Housequake '' , from the previous album Sign '' ☮ '' the Times . Prince also quotes the film Scarface with the lines `` Say hello to my little friend ... '' and then introduces the `` Blue Angel '' , a new blue version of his custom `` White Cloud '' guitar featured in the film Purple Rain . Sheila E. is also given a call out , and her voice can be heard responding in this section . Part Three is based on an outtake called `` Take This Beat '' and deviates quite a bit from the original theme . This segment has Prince using his `` Jamie Starr '' persona to humorously tout the fact that he 's funky , musically talented , and has plenty of beats ( songs ) that are `` so fine '' . The song ends with a looped repeat of the title . This version of the song became one of the highlights during the supporting tour in which Prince would usually order the house lights to be turned up , and instruct the crowd during a call and response segment . The B-side , `` Scarlet Pussy '' , is credited to Prince 's alter ego , Camille . The song is very sexual , using metaphors of cats and dogs for sexual organs , a theme Prince previously used for the B-side `` La , La , La , He , He , Hee '' . Prince uses his sped-up Camille vocals , as well as a slowed-down vocal , similar to `` Bob George '' from The Black Album . The song features a saxophone solo from Eric Leeds . The decision to include such a raunchy song with the spiritual A-side was noteworthy . The edit of `` Scarlet Pussy '' was included on 1993 's The Hits/The B-Sides .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "43e4e4994f214c2e401883d1f0096e65", "text": "Prince of Darkness (Alice Cooper album) Prince of Darkness is a compilation album by Alice Cooper released in 1989 . There is no new material released on the album ; however the live version of `` Billion Dollar Babies '' ( Live ) was only released as the B-Side to the RCA single of `` He 's Back ( The Man Behind the Mask ) '' thus making this CD it 's only official digital release .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fa5e1244d7c2584225aa9ec950a78a9f", "text": "Sleep No More (DJ Signify album) Sleep No More is the first studio album by American hip hop producer DJ Signify . It was released on Lex Records in 2004 . It features guest appearances from rappers Buck 65 and Sage Francis .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d77eb99be92e19d418c90ae470c4aaf3", "text": "No Pleasantries No Pleasantries is the debut album of American post-grunge band U.P.O. Released on May 30 , 2000 , the album broke U.P.O. into the mainstream rock scene and was their most successful release . It was made available on iTunes on September 22 , 2004 . In promotion of No Pleasantries , U.P.O. toured throughout 2000 with popular acts such as Linkin Park , Nickelback , Godsmack , and 3 Doors Down . July saw the group joining Slipknot , Slayer , and Metallica on the Tattoo the Earth Tour . U.P.O. played two more shows in 2001 before their brief hiatus .", "title": "" } ]	fever
81c4f375e9e01dc2b72dbad3bbb62a50	Duleep Singh was denied the title of Maharaja.	[ { "docid": "a07b358e142b9b0b13860dfa6cdd680d", "text": "Duleep Singh Maharaja Duleep Singh , GCSI ( 6 September 1838 -- 22 October 1893 ) , also known as Dalip Singh and later in life nicknamed the Black Prince of Perthshire , was the last Maharaja of the Sikh Empire . He was Maharaja Ranjit Singh 's youngest son , the only child of Maharani Jind Kaur . After the assassinations of four of his predecessors , he came to power in September 1843 , at the age of five . For a while , his mother ruled as Regent , but in December 1846 , after the First Anglo-Sikh War , she was replaced by a British Resident and imprisoned . Mother and son were not allowed to meet again for thirteen and a half years . In April 1849 ten-year-old Duleep was put in the care of Dr John Login . He was exiled to Britain at age 15 and was befriended and much admired by Queen Victoria , who is reported to have written of the Punjabi Maharaja : `` Those eyes and those teeth are too beautiful '' . The Queen was godmother to several of his children . In 1856 , he tried to contact his mother , but his letter and emissaries were intercepted by the British in India , and did not reach her . However , he persisted and , with help from Login , was allowed to meet her on 16 January 1861 at Spence 's Hotel in Calcutta and return with her to the United Kingdom . During the last two years of her life , his mother told the Maharaja about his Sikh heritage and the Empire which once had been his to rule .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "d3f7a5ff6816551e4c55e72969a5e9f5", "text": "Punjab, Pakistan Punjab ( Urdu , Punjabi : , panj-āb , `` five waters '' : ) , is Pakistan 's second largest province by area after Balochistan , and its most populous province with an estimated population of 101,391,000 as of 2015 . It is bordered by Sindh , Balochistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , as well as the regions of Islamabad Capital Territory and the Azad Kashmir . It also shares borders with the Indian states of Punjab , Rajasthan , and Jammu and Kashmir . The provincial capital of Punjab is the city Lahore , a cultural centre of Pakistan where the country 's cinema industry , and much of its fashion industry , are based . Punjab has been inhabited since ancient times . The Indus Valley Civilization , dating to 2600 BCE , was first discovered at Harappa . Punjab features heavily in the Hindu epic poem , the Mahabharata , and is home to Taxila , site of what is considered by many to be the oldest university in the world . In 326 BCE , Alexander the Great defeated King Porus at the Battle of the Hydaspes near Mong , Punjab . The Umayyad empire conquered Punjab in the 8th century CE . Punjab was later invaded by Tamerlane , Babur , and Nader Shah . Punjab reached the height of its splendour during the reign of the Mughal Empire , which for a time ruled from Lahore . Following a successful rebellion , Sikh-led armies claimed Lahore in 1759 . The administration of the Sikh Empire was based out of Lahore , until its defeat by the British . Punjab was central to the independence movements of both India and Pakistan , with Lahore being site of both the Declaration of Indian Independence , and the resolution calling for the establishment of Pakistan . The province was formed when the Punjab province of British India was divided along religious boundaries in 1947 by the Radcliffe Line after Partition . Punjab is Pakistan 's most industrialised province with the industrial sector making up 24 % of the province 's gross domestic product . Punjab is known in Pakistan for its relative prosperity , and has the lowest rate of poverty amongst all Pakistani provinces . A clear divide is present between the northern and southern portions of the province ; with poverty rates in prosperous northern Punjab amongst the lowest in Pakistan , while some in south Punjab are amongst the most impoverished . Punjab is also one of South Asia 's most urbanized regions with approximately 40 % of people living in urban areas . Its human development index rankings are high relative to the rest of Pakistan . Punjab is known in Pakistan for its relatively liberal social attitudes . The province has been strongly influenced by Sufism , with numerous Sufi shrines spread across Punjab which attract millions of devotees annually . The founder of the Sikh faith , Guru Nanak , was born in the Punjab town of Nankana Sahib near Lahore . Punjab is also the site of the Katasraj Temple , which features prominently in Hindu mythology . Several UNESCO World Heritage Sites are located in Punjab , including the Shalimar Gardens , the Lahore Fort , the archeological excavations at Taxila , and the Rohtas Fort .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3614b60113039d890493c800b9f982aa", "text": "Punjabis The Punjabis ( Punjabi : , ਪ ਜਾਬੀ ) , or Punjabi people , are an ethno-linguistic group associated with the Punjab , who speak Punjabi , an Indo-Aryan language . Punjab literally means the land of five waters ( Persian : panj ( `` five '' ) āb ( `` waters '' ) . The name of the region was introduced by the Greeksas Pentapotamia , which was later translated into Persian by the Turko-Persian conquerors of South Asia and more formally popularised during the Mughal Empire . Punjab is often referred to as the breadbasket in both Pakistan and India . The coalescence of the various tribes , castes and the inhabitants of the Punjab into a broader common `` Punjabi '' identity initiated from the onset of the 18th century CE . Prior to that the sense and perception of a common `` Punjabi '' ethno-cultural identity and community did not exist , even though the majority of the various communities of the Punjab had long shared linguistic , cultural and racial commonalities . Traditionally , Punjabi identity is primarily linguistic , geographical and cultural . Its identity is independent of historical origin or religion , and refers to those who reside in the Punjab region , or associate with its population , and those who consider the Punjabi language their mother tongue . Integration and assimilation are important parts of Punjabi culture , since Punjabi identity is not based solely on tribal connections . More or less all Punjabis share the same cultural background . Historically , the Punjabi people were a heterogeneous group and were subdivided into a number of clans called biradari ( literally meaning `` brotherhood '' ) or tribes , with each person bound to a clan . However , Punjabi identity also included those who did not belong to any of the historical tribes . With the passage of time , tribal structures are coming to an end and are being replaced with a more cohesive and holistic society , as community building and group cohesiveness form the new pillars of Punjabi society .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eacbce87fa058de67aff886d96d78278", "text": "Western Satraps The Western Satraps , Western Kshatrapas , or Kshaharatas ( 35 -- 405 ) were Indo-Scythian ( Saka ) rulers of the western and central part of India ( Saurashtra and Malwa : modern Gujarat , Maharashtra , Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh states ) . They are so named in contrast to the `` Northern Satraps '' who ruled around East Punjab and the area of Mathura . The Western Satraps were contemporaneous with the Kushans who ruled the northern part of the Indian subcontinent and were possibly their overlords , and the Satavahana ( Andhra ) who ruled in Central India . They are called `` Western '' in contrast to the `` Northern '' Indo-Scythian satraps who ruled in the area of Mathura , such as Rajuvula , and his successors under the Kushans , the `` Great Satrap '' Kharapallana and the `` Satrap '' Vanaspara . Although they called themselves `` Satraps '' on their coins , leading to their modern designation of `` Western Satraps '' , Ptolemy in his 2nd century `` Geographia '' still called them `` Indo-Scythians '' . The power of the Saka rulers started to decline in the 2nd century CE after the Saka rulers were defeated by the south Indian Emperor Gautamiputra Satakarni of the Satavahana dynasty . Later the Saka kingdom was completely destroyed by Chandragupta II of the Gupta Empire in the 4th century CE . Altogether , there were 27 independent Western Satrap rulers during a period of about 350 years . The word Kshatrapa stands for satrap , itself descended from Old Persian and which means viceroy or governor of a province .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8303105dfcdc3977f5485d60b4ed2524", "text": "Jai Singh III Jai Singh III ( 25 April 1819 -- 6 February 1835 ) , was the Maharaja of Jaipur State from 1819 until 1835 . He was a son of Jagat Singh of Amber , Raja of Jaipur .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad92a2e812682c252ace6258dbe3d7ca", "text": "Asian Relations Conference The Asian Relations Conference took place in New Delhi in March-April 1947 . It was hosted by Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru , who then headed a provisional government that was preparing for India 's Independence , which came on 15 August 1947 . The Asian Relations Conference brought together many leaders of the independence movements in Asia , and represented a first attempt to assert Asian unity . The objectives of the conference were `` to bring together the leading men and women of Asia on a common platform to study the problems of common concern to the people of the continent , to focus attention on social , economic and cultural problems of the different countries of Asia , and to foster mutual contact and understanding . '' In his writings and speeches , Nehru had laid great emphasis on the manner in which post-colonial India would rebuild its Asia connections . At this conference Nehru declared : '' ... Asia is again finding herself ... one of the notable consequences of the European domination of Asia has been the isolation of the countries of Asia from one another . ... Today this isolation is breaking down because of many reasons , political and otherwise ... This Conference is significant as an expression of that deeper urge of the mind and spirit of Asia which has persisted ... In this Conference and in this work there are no leaders and no followers . All countries of Asia have to meet together in a common task ... ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da8c663ad1483f1e8da89f4633506952", "text": "Nashipur Nashipur is located in the Murshidabad district in West Bengal , India . It was the only princely state ruled by an Agarwal at the time of Indian independence . Founder of Nashipur dynasty is said to be Maharaja Debi Singh . He migrated from Panipat ( now in Haryana ) in the 1770s . He settled down first at Bokhara in Murshidabad District of West Bengal , which lies on the Azimgunge-Nalhati Branch line of Eastern Railway . The nearest station is Moregram . He established a temple dedicated to Sri Sri Giri Gobardhan Dhari Deb Thakur along with his residence . The ruins of the temple can still be seen there . Maharaja Deby Singh later shifted his residence to Nashipur in Murshidabad District . Later on the Deity of Sri Sri Giri Gobardhan Dhari Deb Thakur was shifted to Nashipur by his descendant Raja Ranendra Narayan Sinha Bahadur in the 1970s . The title of `` Raja '' and later on `` Maharaja '' was conferred on him by the then British Government on account of his good work of tax collection from a number of districts of Bengal , in his capacity as Dewan ( or tax collector ) . The Rajas following him are Raja Bahadur Sinha Bahadur - Raja Hanumanta Singh - Raja Udmanta Singh - Raja Kissen Chand - Raja Kirtee Chand - Maharaja Ranajit Sinha - Raja Bhupendra Narayan Sinha Bahadur - Raja Ranendra Narayan Sinha Bahadur and presently Ranjoy Sinha .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aca14584970af7bcac9721d892054777", "text": "Suraj Parkash The book Gur Partap Suraj , popularly known as the Suraj Parkash is detailed work of 51,829 verses describing the lives of the last nine Sikh Gurus and Banda Bahadur . It was finished in 1843 by Bhai Santokh Singh . It is a sequel to his own Nanak Prakash , describing the life of the first Guru . The lives of the Gurus , are divided into twelve Raas or sections . The life of the tenth Guru is presented in six Ruts ( literally six seasons ) , and into two Ayans , the ascending and descending phases of the year . The whole work is written Braj dialect of classical Hindi , with a significant use of Sanskrit words . Bhai Santokh Singh is said to have drawn from the writings of Bhai Gurbaksh Singh , who had been one of Guru Gobind Singh 's teachers and passed on his history to Bhai Sahib Singh . Suraj Parkash is one of the most revered Sikh scriptures which is recited regularly in the afternoon in a katha form ( story telling manner ) in all the gurdwaras . Suraj Parkash was first edited by Bhai Vir Singh during 1926-1935 . On the direction of the SGPC , Professor Kirpal Singh has started the re-editing of Suraj Parkash to remove `` mythological content '' , which shows Hindu influence and place it in an appendix . The editing has been criticised by some as amounting to `` poetic as well as religious sacrilege ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f0e155a07ac13fc614f9c1080220d8d8", "text": "Sunyatphaa Sunyatphaa or Udayaditya Singha was the king of Ahom Kingdom from 1670 CE to 1672 CE . After his elder brother Swargadeo Chakradhwaj Singha died in the middle of Ahom-Mughal war , Udayaditya Singha succeeded to the throne . His reign witnessed the end of Ahom-Mughal war , which started during the reign of Chakradhwaj Singha , when the Mughal army led by Rajput prince , Raja Ram Singh I of Amber , was decisively defeated by the Ahom forces led by Ahom commander Lachit Borphukan in the Battle of Saraighat . The later part of his reign was characterized by the failure of military expedition against the Dafala tribes and the influence of Paramananda Sannyasi , a saintly figure from Brindaban , over Udayaditya Singha . Udayaditya 's over exerted devotion towards Paramananda Sanyasi , aroused dissatisfaction among the nobles , which ultimately caused his deposition and execution . His reign was followed by a series of political anarchy and internal disturbances in the Ahom kingdom which continued till the accession of Gadadhar Singha in 1681 CE .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "40ca860b90d67d9e8cc6f84c171e7900", "text": "Government of India Act 1858 The Government of India Act 1858 was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom ( 21 & 22 Vict . c. 106 ) passed on August 2 , 1858 . Its provisions called for the liquidation of the British East India Company ( who had up to this point been ruling British India under the auspices of Parliament ) and the transference of its functions to the British Crown . Lord Palmerston , then-Prime Minister of the United Kingdom , introduced a bill for the transfer of control of the Government of India from the East India Company to the Crown , referring to the grave defects in the existing system of the government of India . However , before this bill was to be passed , Palmerstone was forced to resign on another issue . Later Edward Henry Stanley , 15th Earl of Derby ( who would later become the first Secretary of State for India ) introduced another bill which was originally titled as `` An Act for the Better Government of India '' and it was passed on August 2 , 1858 . This act provided that India was to be governed directly and in the name of the Crown .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "52ea051856e84b07099e269d878c0f90", "text": "List of Padma Vibhushan award recipients The Padma Vibhushan is the second highest civilian award of the Republic of India . Instituted on 2 January 1954 , the award is given for the `` exceptional and distinguished service '' , without distinction of race , occupation , position , or sex . The Padma Vibhushan award recipients are announced every year on Republic Day and registered in The Gazette of Indiaa publication released weekly by the Department of Publication , Ministry of Urban Development used for official government notices . The conferral of the award is not considered official without its publication in the Gazette . Recipients whose awards have been revoked or restored , both of which require the authority of the President , are also registered in the Gazette and are required to surrender their medals when their names are struck from the register . , none of the conferments of Padma Vibhushan have been revoked or restored . The recommendations are received from all the state and the union territory governments , the Ministries of the Government , the Bharat Ratna and previous Padma Vibhushan award recipients , the Institutes of Excellence , the Ministers , the Chief Ministers and the Governors of State , and the Members of Parliament including private individuals . The recommendations received during 1 May and 15 September of every year are submitted to the Padma Awards Committee , constituted by the Prime Minister . The committee recommendations are later submitted to the Prime Minister and the President for the further approval . When instituted in 1954 , the Padma Vibhushan was classified as `` Pahela Warg '' ( Class I ) under the three-tier Padma Vibhushan awards ; preceded by the Bharat Ratna , the highest civilian award , and followed by `` Dusra Warg '' ( Class II ) , and `` Tisra Warg '' ( Class III ) . On 15 January 1955 , the Padma Vibhushan was reclassified into three different awards ; the Padma Vibhushan , the highest of the three , followed by the Padma Bhushan and the Padma Shri . The criteria includes `` exceptional and distinguished service in any field including service rendered by Government servants '' but excluding those working with the Public sector undertakings with the exception of doctors and scientists . The 1954 statutes did not allow posthumous awards but this was subsequently modified in the January 1955 statute . The award , along with other personal civil honours , was briefly suspended twice in its history ; for the first time in July 1977 when Morarji Desai was sworn in as the fourth Prime Minister . The suspension was rescinded on 25 January 1980 , after Indira Gandhi became the Prime Minister . The civilian awards were suspended again in mid-1992 , when two Public-Interest Litigations were filed in the High Courts questioning the civilian awards being `` Titles '' per an interpretation of Article 18 ( 1 ) of the Constitution . The awards were reintroduced by the Supreme Court in December 1995 , following the conclusion of the litigation . The recipients receive a Sanad ( certificate ) signed by the President and a medal with no monetary grant associated with the award . The decoration is a circular-shaped toned bronze medallion 1 +3 / 4 inch in diameter and 1/8 inch thick . The centrally placed pattern made of outer lines of a square of 1 +3 / 16 inch side is embossed with a knob embossed within each of the outer angles of the pattern . A raised circular space of diameter 1 +1 / 16 inch is placed at the centre of the decoration . A centrally located lotus flower is embossed on the obverse side of the medal and the text `` Padma '' written in Devanagari script is placed above and the text `` Vibhushan '' is placed below the lotus . The Emblem of India is placed in the centre of the reverse side with the national motto , `` Satyameva Jayate '' ( Truth alone triumphs ) in Devanagari Script , inscribed on the lower edge . The rim , the edges and all embossing on either side is of white gold with the text `` Padma Vibhushan '' of silver gilt . The medal is suspended by a pink riband 1 +1 / 4 inch in width . It is ranked fourth in the order of precedence of wearing of medals and decorations . The first recipients of the Padma Vibhushan were Satyendra Nath Bose , Nandalal Bose , Zakir Husain , Balasaheb Gangadhar Kher , V. K. Krishna Menon , and Jigme Dorji Wangchuck , who were honoured in 1954 . , the award has been bestowed on 300 individuals , including twelve posthumous and nineteen non-citizen recipients . Some of the recipients have refused or returned their awards ; Vilayat Khan , Swami Ranganathananda , and Manikonda Chalapathi Rau refused the award ; the family members of Lakshmi Chand Jain ( 2011 ) and Sharad Anantrao Joshi ( 2016 ) declined their posthumous conferments , and 1986 recipient Baba Amte returned his honour in 1991 . Most recently on 25 January 2017 , the award has been bestowed upon seven recipients ; Murli Manohar Joshi , Sharad Pawar , Udupi Ramachandra Rao , Jaggi Vasudev , K. J. Yesudas and posthumously on Sunder Lal Patwa and P. A. Sangma .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4380397a8409abe0642b69fd11941a44", "text": "Sardar Ajit Singh Sardar Ajit Singh ( 1881 -- 1947 ) was a revolutionary , an Indian dissident , and a nationalist during the time of British rule in India . With compatriots , he organised agitation by Punjabi peasants against anti-farmer laws known as the Punjab Colonisation Act ( Amendment ) 1906 and administrative orders increasing water rate charges . He was an early protester in the Punjab region of India who challenged British rule , and openly criticized the Indian colonial government . In May 1907 , With Lala Lajpat Rai , he was exiled to Mandalay in -LSB- Burma -RSB- -RSB- . Due to great public pressure and apprehension of unrest in the Indian Army , the bills of exile were withdrawn and both men were released in November 1907 . With his brothers Kishan Singh and Swaran Singh , and Sufi Amba Parshad , he continued publishing political literature about how the British Government of India was planning to arrest them and put them in prison long-term . Along with Sufi Amba Parshad , he escaped to Iran in 1909 , remaining in exile for 38 years . He returned to India in March 1947 , breathing his last on the morning of 15 August 1947 at Dalhousie , Punjab , the very day India was declared independent of British rule . Sardar Ajit Singh was the uncle of Sardar Bhagat Singh .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8c3f03c3fc95a96ceaf1689ed27df815", "text": "Male Rao Holkar Shrimant Subhedar Male Rao Holkar II Bahadur ( 1745 - 5 April 1767 ) , belonging to the Holkar dynasty of the Marathas was the Maharaja of Indore ( r. 1766 - 1767 ) . He was only son of Khande Rao Holkar Bahadur , and his wife Ahilya Bai Holkar .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "62839eb21cc5f5dbd6abdf12531bc5e3", "text": "Bhaddaiyan Raj After the defeat of Chauhan army in the battle of Tarain , the whole empire started crumbling and fell to the Ghorids and the neighboring states . Emperor Prithviraj Chauhan 's son Govindraj went southwards from Delhi and strengthened the stronghold of Chauhans in Malwa region and made it his base , the fortress came to be known as Ranthambore or Ranastambhpura . Till beginning of 14th century the Chauhans held Ranthambhore and the region of Malwa , Maharaj Hammir Dev Chauhan lost the state to Alauddin Khilji in 1301 during his campaign . Hamirdev 's son Ramdev chauhan left the fort before it fell and goes on exile towards Awadh region.Later Ramdev 's son , Takshah singh is given the title of `` Rajkunwar '' ( Raj is the family title of the imperial chauhans and was used in their name and kunwar stands for the person who will carry the legacy of the imperial Chauhans i.e. a son , so rajkunwar stands for the person who will carry the legacy of the royal Chauhan blood or their direct descendent ) by his father and he moves to the bank of river Gomti in present Sultanpur district in Uttar Pradesh .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "852b61f2628e0a81b7d70e2d95b22394", "text": "Thapa Thapa ( थापा pronunciation : -LSB- t̪ʰāpā -RSB- ) is the surname commonly used by Nepali people belonging to the Chhetri caste of Khas group , an Indo-Aryan ethno-linguistic group and Magar people , a Sino-Tibetan ethno-linguistic group . Kshetri Thapa of Kshatriya Varna are addressed as Thapa Kaji while Thapa Magar are addressed as general Magar . Kshatriya Thapa dynasty were one of the four noble family to be involved in active politics of Nepal together with Shah dynasty , Basnyat/Basnets and Pandes before rise of Rana dynasty . and ruled between 1806 to 1837 and 1843 to 1845 . Thapas played important role in Unification of Nepal and had held many prestigious post in the Malla Court and Bijayapur Court . This family grew prominent during the rule of King Prithvi Narayan Shah and were established as dominant faction during reign of King Rana Bahadur Shah . After the assassination of King Rana Bahadur Shah , Bhimsen Thapa rose to the event killing all his enemies and catapulting the Thapa family as most dominant faction in the Royal Court of Nepal . Thapa family were strengthened in the Royal court by including family members of the another Thapa Bharadar Amar Singh Thapa . Bada ( Elder ) Kaji Amar Singh Thapa was a legendary military commander and National Hero of Nepal . Thapas have important role in Anglo-Nepalese War where Colonial Power British India Company had major loss at First Campaign . Colonel Ujir Singh Thapa was sector commander at Jitgadh , Kaji Ranajor Singh Thapa at Jaithak , Sardar Bhakti Thapa at Deuthal , Colonel Ranabir Singh Thapa at Makawanpurgadhi and Bada Kaji ( Elder Kaji ) Amar Singh Thapa at Malaon . Bhimsen 's nephew PM Mathabarsingh Thapa was known for his charisma from whom Jung Bahadur Rana rose to power . Thus , the state of administrative Thapa rule in Nepal is politically termed as Thapadom . Kshetri Thapa was divided into clans ( subgroups ) like Bagale Thapa , Godar Thapa , Deoja Thapa , Thakuryal Thapa , Mugali ( Lamichhane ) Thapa , Kalikote Thapa , Suyal Thapa , Punwar Thapa , Khulal Thapa , Sonal Thapa , Bhandare Thapa , Achhami Thapa , Ghimire Thapa , Maharaji Thapa , Patkheti Thapa , Gaunle Thapa and others . Modern day Thapas are prominent in wide professions . Manjushree Thapa , an English language author is known for Forget Kathmandu : An Elegy for Democracy ( 2005 ) , was shortlisted for the Lettre Ulysses Award in 2006 . Gagan Thapa , a popular 40-year-old minister is in the Nepalese cabinet . Ujwal Thapa , the President of Bibeksheel Nepali is a leading youth activist and entrepreneur .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0609dfe3927204ee436b0a3fa5306f61", "text": "Rajaram of Thanjavur Srimant Rajasri Rajaram Rajah Sahib Bhonsle Chhatrapati was the eldest son of Prathapasimha , the younger brother of Shivaji III of Thanjavur , by his first wife . He succeeded his uncle Shivaji III as the Senior Prince of Thanjavur and the head of the House of Bhonsle on the former 's death .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "df74dbcdf8f1cd87ca95f8e952f5e17a", "text": "Diwan Bhai Abdul Hamid Diwan Sir Abdul Hamid ( also known as Khan Bahadur Abdul Hamid ) born in Jalandhar was the Prime Minister of Kapurthala Princely State in India under the British Raj .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "559d73956649e6360379b8eb950e19a9", "text": "Misl Misl generally refers to the sovereign states of the Sikh Confederacy that rose during the 18th century in the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent . The misls formed a commonwealth that was described by Antoine Polier as an `` aristocratic republic '' . Although the misls were unequal in strength , and each misl attempted to expand its territory and access to resources at the expense of others , they acted in unison in relation to other states . The misls held biannual meetings of their legislature , the Sarbat Khalsa in Amritsar .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b62c31e298839333b88b862f66c73866", "text": "Reasi district Reasi district is a district of the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir . The Reasi district is bordered by Udhampur district and Ramban district in the east , Jammu district in the south , Rajouri district in the west and by Kulgam district on the north . The Reasi and Rajouri tehsiles formed a joint district called the `` Reasi district '' at the time of princely state 's accession to India in 1947 . As part of the reorganisation , the two tehsils were separated and Reasi was merged with the Udhampur district . It again became a separate district in 2006 . Reasi is one of the oldest towns of the Jammu and Kashmir State . It was the seat of the erstwhile Bhimgarh State , said to have been established by Raja Bhim Dev sometime in the 8th century . It remained an independent principality till 1822 , when Raja Gulab Singh the then Raja of Jammu hill region , under the Sikh empire , consolidated the small states .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "621faab77c9ab7cd7dbbea89fa37de58", "text": "Catherine Hilda Duleep Singh Catherine Hilda Duleep Singh ( 27 October 1871 -- 8 November 1942 ) , born to royalty , was a suffragette in the United Kingdom . She lived in Germany before World War II with her governess Fräulein Lina Schäfer , with whom she had a lifelong relationship . She was the daughter of Maharaja Duleep Singh , son of Maharaja Ranjit Singh , known as the `` Lion of the Punjab '' , who abdicated his kingdom of Punjab to the British Raj following political maneuvering by Governor-General Dalhousie in India . Her mother was Maharani Bamba Müller . Catherine Hilda Duleep Singh and Schäfer lived in and toured Europe until the latter 's death on 27August 1937 . Singh died in 1942 . After World WarII , her name was again in the news upon the discovery of a jewel box stashed in a vault and a joint bank account in a Swiss bank . After several claimants had been rejected , the box and contents of the bank account were awarded by a Swiss tribunal to the family of a secretary of her elder sister Bamba in Pakistan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a13a167f26fa48ad4e415f16a19a225", "text": "Ghadar Party The Ghadar Party was an organisation founded by Punjabi-Sikhs , principally Sikhs in the United States and Canada with the aim of securing India 's independence from British rule . Key members included , Sohan Singh Bhakna , Kartar Singh Sarabha , Abdul Hafiz Mohamed Barakatullah and Rashbehari Bose . Projection of Lal Hardyal as ` brain ' behind , the Ghadar movement has been disputed by reputed historian Ajmer Singh as ` an implicit attempt to reject and subsume the Sikh identity of the Ghadar leaders into pan-Indian identity ' . He quotes Baba Bhakna as saying in his autobiography that ` Lala Hardyal was most intelligent person but had no consistency and perseverance of a fighter ... ... ... . . and he was hired only to edit the Ghadar newspaper where he worked only for six months ... ... . . and then left for Germany thereafter not to come back to US again ' . During stay in Germany , Lala Hardyal lost his earlier anti-British fervor , rather , began singing paeans of the British and later wrote a book in their praise which was freely distributed in India by the British administration . After the outbreak of World War I , Ghadar party members returned to Punjab to agitate for rebellion alongside the Babbar Akali Movement . In 1915 they conducted revolutionary activities in central Punjab and organised uprisings . Their presence challenged the hold of the British Empire ; police surveillance in Punjabi villages increased in an attempt to crush the rebellion . The party is known for setting the foundation for future Indian revolutionary movements and served as a stepping stone for independence . Though predominantly Sikh , the party included members and leaders of many religions , demonstrating an accepting and democratic attitude towards all people as they united in their patriotism . After the conclusion of the war , the party in America split into Communist and Anti-Communist factions . The party was formally dissolved in 1948 .", "title": "" } ]	fever
ddfb69b6f8ed5e2ecc87167126d9fcc1	Each jackfruit is made of more than a thousand flowers.	[ { "docid": "0909067abbf5dc0354d07b1ce941dae9", "text": "Jackfruit The jackfruit ( Artocarpus heterophyllus ) , also known as jack tree , jakfruit , or sometimes simply jack or jak , is a species of tree in the fig , mulberry , and breadfruit family ( Moraceae ) . It is native to parts of South and Southeast Asia and is believed to have originated in the southwestern rain forests of the Western Ghats in the Indian subcontinent . The jackfruit tree is well suited to tropical lowlands , and its fruit is the largest tree-borne fruit , reaching as much as 35 kg in weight , 90 cm in length , and 50 cm in diameter . The jackfruit tree can produce about 100 to 200 fruits in a year . The jackfruit is a multiple fruit , composed of hundreds to thousands of individual flowers , and it is the fleshy petals that are eaten . The jackfruit tree is a widely cultivated and popular food item throughout the tropical regions of the world . Jackfruit is the national fruit of Bangladesh .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "45e2173d3eb1ee4c22b9175009710b8c", "text": "Stewartia Stewartia as described by Philibert Commerçon is a synonym of Dombeya . Stewartia ( sometimes spelled Stuartia ) is a genus of 8-20 species of flowering plants in the family Theaceae , related to Camellia . Most of the species are native to eastern Asia in China , Japan , Korea , Laos , Myanmar , Thailand , and Vietnam , with two ( S. malacodendron , S. ovata ) in southeast North America , from Virginia and Kentucky south to Florida and Louisiana . They are shrubs and trees , mostly deciduous , though some species ( e.g. S. pteropetiolata ) are evergreen ; the evergreen species form a genetically distinct group and are split into a separate genus Hartia by some botanists , but others retain them within Stewartia . The Asian species include both shrubs and trees , growing to 3-20 m tall , while the American species are shrubs growing 3-5 m tall , rarely becoming small trees . The bark is very distinctive , smooth orange to yellow-brown , peeling in fine flakes . The leaves are alternately arranged , simple , serrated , usually glossy , and 3-14 cm long . The flowers are large and conspicuous , 3-11 cm diameter , with 5 ( occasionally 6-8 ) white petals ; flowering is in mid to late summer . The fruit is a dry five-valved capsule , with one to four seeds in each section . The species are adapted to acidic soils , and do not grow well on chalk or other calcium-rich soils . They also have a high rainfall requirement and will not tolerate drought . The genus was named in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus to honour John Stuart , 3rd Earl of Bute . Owing to a transcription error , Linnaeus was given the name as ` Stewart ' , and consequently spelled the name `` Stewartia '' ( and continued to do so in all his subsequent publications ) . Some botanists and horticulturists , mainly in the past but still widely in the UK have interpreted Article 60 of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature to consider `` Stewartia '' an orthographical error to be corrected to Stuartia , but this type of correction has been discouraged by changes to the code in recent times . During the 19th century , the spelling Stuartia was `` almost universally '' used . However , the original spelling `` Stewartia '' has been accepted by virtually all systematic botanists in recent treatments of the family and genus as well as in numerous influential horticultural publications .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8b3a0a7129987e68c8b7dfbbec491700", "text": "Cherry blossom A cherry blossom ( or commonly known in Japan as sakura ) is the flower of any of several trees of genus Prunus , particularly the Japanese cherry , Prunus serrulata ( 桜 or 櫻さくら ) . Currently it is widely distributed , especially in the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere including Japan , China , Korea , West Siberia , Iran , Pakistan , India , Canada , and the United States . Along with the chrysanthemum , the cherry blossom is considered the national flower of Japan . Many of the varieties that have been cultivated for ornamental use do not produce fruit . Edible cherries generally come from cultivars of the related species Prunus avium and Prunus cerasus . Cherry blossom are also closely related to other Prunus trees such as the almond , peach , plum and apricot , and more distantly to apples , pears and roses .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d807639a1df9b619ebb629c734a13fed", "text": "Osmanthus Osmanthus -LSB- ɒzˈmænθəs -RSB- is a genus of about 30 species of flowering plants in the family Oleaceae . Most of the species are native to eastern Asia ( China , Japan , Indochina , the Himalayas , etc. ) with a few species from the Caucasus , New Caledonia , Sumatra , and North America ( Mexico , Central America , southeastern United States ) . Osmanthus range in size from shrubs to small trees , 2 - tall . The leaves are opposite , evergreen , and simple , with an entire , serrated or coarsely toothed margin . The flowers are produced in spring , summer or autumn , each flower being about 1 cm long , white , with a four-lobed tubular-based corolla ( ` petals ' ) . The flowers grow in small panicles , and in several species have a strong fragrance . The fruit is a small ( 10 -- 15 mm ) , hard-skinned dark blue to purple drupe containing a single seed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2cd0a6d18ef53cd9a933eddf31a96914", "text": "Prumnopitys andina Prumnopitys andina ( Lleuque ) , the Chilean plum yew , is an evergreen coniferous tree native to south-central Chile and a few areas in adjacent parts of westernmost Argentina from 36 to 40 ° South latitude . It lives on moderately wet soils , preferably on Andean slopes from 500 -- . It grows up to 30 m high , with a trunk up to 2 m in diameter . The leaves are linear to sickle-shaped , 15 -- 30 mm long and 2 mm broad . The seed cones are highly modified , reducing to a central stem 2 -- 4 cm long bearing 1-4 scales , each scale maturing berry-like , oval , 10 -- 15 mm long and 10 mm broad , green maturing dark purple , with a soft edible pulp covering the single seed . The seeds are dispersed by birds , which eat the ` berries ' and pass the seeds in their droppings . Seeds are very difficult to germinate . It has a straight and cylindrical trunk , with gray and shiny bark . Before the genus Prumnopitys was distinguished , it was treated in the related genus Podocarpus as Podocarpus andinus . It has also been treated by some botanists as Prumnopitys spicata ( Molloy & Muñoz-Schick 1999 ) ; however this name is illegitimate ( Mill & Quinn 2001 ) . Prumnopitys elegans ( Phil ) is a synonym for Prumnopitys andina . The fruit ( an Aril ) are tasty , 1.5 cm long , blue-purple in color , are eaten by Native American people in Chile , and a marmalade is produced with them . The tree is also occasionally grown as an ornamental tree and a hedge in oceanic climate areas in northwest Europe and the Pacific Northwest of North America . In these areas , it is also sometimes known as `` Plum-yew '' or `` Plum-fruited Yew '' , though these names are more commonly applied to plants in the genus Cephalotaxus ( Cephalotaxaceae ) . The wood is a yellowish color and has a good quality . It is used in furniture and construction . Evidence suggests that very little regeneration is occurring to replace current ageing trees in populations . In 2007 , the Forestry Commission planted large numbers of young trees at Bedgebury Pinetum in the UK as part of a project aiming to conserve the genetic resources of endangered conifers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f740af146e40246e40bc237b87322886", "text": "Verticordia For the clam genus , see Verticordia ( bivalve ) . Verticordia is a genus of more than 100 species of plants commonly known as featherflowers , in the myrtle family , Myrtaceae . They range in form from very small shrubs such as V. verticordina to trees like V. cunninghamii , some spindly , others dense and bushy , but the majority are woody shrubs up to 2.0 m tall . The flowers are variously described as `` feathery '' , `` woolly '' or `` hairy '' and are found in most colours except blue . They often appear to be in rounded groups or spikes but in fact are always single , each flower borne on a separate stalk in a leaf axil . Each flower has five sepals and five petals all of a similar size with the sepals often having feathery or hairy lobes . There are usually ten stamens alternating with variously shaped staminodes . The style is simple , usually not extending beyond the petals and often has hairs near the tip . All but two species are found in Southwest Australia , the other two occurring in the Northern Territory . The first scientific collection of verticordia specimens was made in 1791 and the first formal description of a verticordia was written in 1826 but the name Verticordia was not used until 1828 . Alex George undertook a revision of the genus and in 1991 published a paper describing three subgenera , 24 sections , and 102 species . Verticordia species occupy a wide variety of habitats , with some species widespread and abundant whilst others are rare and endangered . The profuse and striking display of intricate flowers of many species has led them to being harvested for floristry or simply admired as a wildflower .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "39cd0d431348424b089c18722fcdf4a5", "text": "Prunus nipponica Prunus nipponica , also called , is a shrub which originates from the islands of Hokkaido and Honshu , Japan . It grows to a height of about 5 m and can grow in sandy , loamy , and clay soils . This species is one of the hardiest of cherry trees , well-suited to cold climates . The flowers are a very light pink or even white in color . Flowers bloom in the first half of spring . They have 5 petals and are 3 cm in diameter . The pistils are usually longer than the stamen . The leaves are serrated and the bark is gray . In autumn the leaves turn yellow and orange-red ; these are rare autumnal colors for a cherry tree . P. nipponica wood contains significant amounts of these flavonoids : d-catechin , naringenin , sakuranetin , eriodictyol , taxifolin , genistein , and prunetin . Being a member of the genus Prunus , P. nipponica would contain amygdalin and prunasin which form hydrocyanic acid when combined with water . This acid is poisonous but in very small doses it can improve respiration , digestion , and a sense of well-being . The fruit can be used as food and to make green dye . This species was first reported by Japanese botanist Ninzo Matsumura in the Tokyo Botanical Magazine in 1901 . It is in the section Pseudocerasus of the cherry subgenus Cerasus of the Prunus genus , which are ornamental plants . Ma et al classified it in a group with Prunus incisa . P. nipponica is on the `` List of Protected Animals and Plants in the Wildlife Protection Zone '' of the wilderness Shirakami-Sanchi World Heritage Site .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e624eb31435d3df19061568a6e51d694", "text": "Verbenaceae The Verbenaceae -LSB- v3rbi : ` naysee -RSB- are a family , commonly known as the verbena family or vervain family , of mainly tropical flowering plants . It contains trees , shrubs , and herbs notable for heads , spikes , or clusters of small flowers , many of which have an aromatic smell . Recent phylogenetic studies have shown that numerous genera traditionally classified in Verbenaceae belong instead in Lamiaceae . The new narrowly circumscribed Verbenaceae family includes some 35 genera and 1,200 species . The mangrove genus Avicennia , sometimes placed in the Verbenaceae or in its own family , Avicenniaceae , has been placed in the Acanthaceae . Economically important Verbenaceae include : Lemon verbena ( Aloysia triphylla ) , grown for aroma or flavoring Verbenas or vervains ( Verbena ) , some used in herbalism , others grown in gardens", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1c31e341f1408ea9fc2cb3a12b3daf88", "text": "Vanilla Vanilla is a flavoring derived from orchids of the genus Vanilla , primarily from the Mexican species , flat-leaved vanilla ( V. planifolia ) . The word vanilla , derived from the diminutive of the Spanish word vaina ( vaina itself meaning sheath or pod ) , is translated simply as `` little pod '' . Pre-Columbian Mesoamerican people cultivated the vine of the vanilla orchid , called tlilxochitl by the Aztecs . Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés is credited with introducing both vanilla and chocolate to Europe in the 1520s . Initial attempts to cultivate vanilla outside Mexico and Central America proved futile because of the symbiotic relationship between the vanilla orchid and its natural pollinator , the local species of Melipona bee . Pollination is required to set the fruit from which the flavoring is derived . In 1837 , Belgian botanist Charles François Antoine Morren discovered this fact and pioneered a method of artificially pollinating the plant . The method proved financially unworkable and was not deployed commercially . In 1841 , Edmond Albius , a slave who lived on the French island of Réunion in the Indian Ocean , discovered at the age of 12 that the plant could be hand-pollinated . Hand-pollination allowed global cultivation of the plant . Three major species of vanilla currently are grown globally , all of which derive from a species originally found in Mesoamerica , including parts of modern-day Mexico . They are V. planifolia ( syn . V. fragrans ) , grown on Madagascar , Réunion , and other tropical areas along the Indian Ocean ; V. tahitensis , grown in the South Pacific ; and V. pompona , found in the West Indies , and Central and South America . The majority of the world 's vanilla is the V. planifolia species , more commonly known as Bourbon vanilla ( after the former name of Réunion , Île Bourbon ) or Madagascar vanilla , which is produced in Madagascar and neighboring islands in the southwestern Indian Ocean , and in Indonesia . Vanilla is the second-most expensive spice after saffron , because growing the vanilla seed pods is labor-intensive . Despite the expense , vanilla is highly valued for its flavor . As a result , vanilla is widely used in both commercial and domestic baking , perfume manufacture , and aromatherapy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "364dc942d7024ed024f64ac5a978872b", "text": "Caryocar nuciferum Caryocar nuciferum , the butter-nut of Guiana , is also known as pekea-nut , or -- like all other species of Caryocar with edible nuts -- `` souari-nut '' or `` sawarri-nut '' . It is a fruit tree native to northern Brazil , Colombia , Costa Rica , Guyana , Panama , and Venezuela . This colourful tree grows up to 35 m , in humid forests . Flowers are hermaphroditic and in small clusters . The large coconut-sized fruit , weighs about 3 kg , is round or pear-shaped some 10 -- 15 cm in diameter , and greyish-brown in colour . The outer skin is leathery , about 1 mm thick , and covered in rust-coloured lenticels . It has been called `` perhaps the finest of all the fruits called nuts . The kernel is large , soft , and even sweeter than the almond , which it somewhat resembles in taste . '' Pulp of the mesocarp is oily and sticky , holding 1-4 hard , woody , warty stones , with tasty , reniform endocarp , which is eaten raw or roasted , and produces a nondrying edible oil . The wood is durable and used for boat-building . The correctly expressed oil of its nuts produces an effective healing balm . This species is illustrated and discussed in detail in Curtis 's Botanical Magazine volume 54 published in 1827 , and figured on plates 2727 and 2728 using material sent from the island of Saint Vincent by the Revd . Lansdown Guilding .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4dd2779e958765d0660cf4cf16be1339", "text": "Unbelievable Acres Botanic Gardens Unbelievable Acres Botanic Gardens ( 1 ha / 2.5 acres ) is a private man made Tropical Rainforest , nonprofit botanical garden located at 470 63rd Trail North , West Palm Beach , Florida . The garden is open to the general public on the Second Saturday of every month . Guided Tours are given at 1:30 and 3 p.m. . An admission fee ( $ 10 adults and $ 5 Children ) is charged . Tours can be scheduled on other days for parties of 10 or more by calling (561) 242-1686 to make reservations . The Tropical Rainforest garden was established in 1970 by Gene Joyner , who has developed and maintained it since . It is now one of Florida 's largest private collections of tropical fruit trees , with a 30 m tree canopy . The garden contains some 2000 varieties of plants , including more than 160 varieties of fruit trees , with 40 types of citrus , and 35 types of banana and plantain trees . It also includes orchids , bromeliads , palms , and ferns , as well as less well-known plants such as jaboticaba , black sapote , jackfruit , and carambola trees .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c8d8cb045c9759ca0b9524cf1139dfe0", "text": "Australia's Open Garden Scheme Australia 's Open Garden Scheme was a non-profit organisation that began in Victoria Australia in 1987 but closed its doors in June 2015 due to financial issues . Its aim was to promote the knowledge and pleasure of gardens and gardening across Australia . Under the scheme , private gardens opened for public viewing for one or two weekends a year . About 650 gardens were opened annually across Australia but declining numbers and competition from groups promoting their own events outside of their booklet meant that it was not viable . Each year over 275,000 adults visited open gardens , together with accompanying children . A schedule for openings across Australia was published annually . Tamie Fraser was President of the Open Garden Scheme . The scheme grew out of the practice in Victoria of `` grand '' private gardens in the hill country near Melbourne opening occasionally for public viewing for the benefit of charities . However the scheme did not limit itself to large gardens , with many normal-sized suburban gardens , and even tiny inner-city plots , included . Most openings in the southern , temperate zone occurred between October and May , while tropical gardens open during the winter months . A nominal fee was charged for each viewing . This money was divided with 35 % going to the garden owner or their nominated charity , and 65 % going to the Open Garden Scheme . After funding the scheme operating costs , the remainder was given as grants to community garden projects , with over $ 800,000 in grants being made by the end of 2006 . Additionally garden owners passed on over $ 3.5 million to their nominated charities since the commencement of the scheme . In 2015 new non-for-profit organisations have spring up to carry on some of the tradition in individual states including Open Gardens SA and Open Gardens Victoria . Both schemes aim to educate and promote the enjoyment , knowledge and benefits of gardens and gardening and are promoting a long list of garden openings from spring through to autumn each year . They have attracted good membership numbers and visitor numbers . Unfortunately , no Open Gardens Group has formed in Sydney , but an Open Gardens group exists in the Southern Highlands of NSW , and the famous gardens of Mount Wilson are generally available for viewing all year round ; Spring and Autumn are the most popular seasons . Blue Mountains and Mount Wilson open gardens are listed in detail here . An independent business `` My Open Garden '' also promotes open gardens and gardening events across Australia . A detailed list of 650 or more Open Gardens in Australia is still being constructed . Open Gardens claimed almost 20,000 gardens were opened because of the Scheme 's development . A list of 400 Australian Heritage Gardens is now in Wikipedia . Guide books and web guides to Open Gardens are also published in the UK , and were published in Australia by the ABC . All such lists have now migrated to the web , and are published regularly by Weekend Notes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cfd3259e958e6fce19c45843bc1f74e9", "text": "A Sketch of the Vegetation of the Swan River Colony `` A Sketch of the Vegetation of the Swan River Colony '' , also known by its standard botanical abbreviation Sketch Veg . Swan R. , is an 1839 article by John Lindley on the flora of the Swan River Colony . Nearly 300 new species were published in it , many of which are still current . It appeared as Part Three of Appendix to the first twenty three volumes of Edward 's Botanical Register , the first two parts being indices of previous volumes of Edwards 's Botanical Register , of which Lindley was editor . It contained 58 pages , issued in three parts . Pages 1 to 16 were issued on 1 November 1839 ; pages 17 to 32 on 1 December 1839 ; and the remaining 26 pages on 1 January 1840 . It also contained four woodcuts based on sketches by Lindley , and nine hand-coloured lithographic plates , the artist and lithographer of which are unacknowledged and are now unknown . According to Helen Hewson , the woodcuts are of high quality , but the plates `` do not measure up to the standard of contemporary illustration '' . `` A Sketch of the Vegetation of the Swan River Colony '' represents only the second attempt to provide a flora for the colony , the first being Stephan Endlicher 's 1837 Enumeratio plantarum , a Latin work of which only one installment was published . Thus there were at the time a great many undescribed species awaiting publication -- speaking of the ( now defunct ) order Stylidaceae , Lindley remarks `` In Brown 's prodromus forty-six species only are named for all New Holland ... but I possess from Swan River alone at least forty well marked species , and there are some of Baron Hugel 's with which I am unacquainted '' . Working primarily from the collections of James Drummond , Lindley was able to publish around 280 new taxa , many of which remain current .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a0d419619d6a1acb1fa18ba012702f9d", "text": "Phlox Phlox ( -LSB- ˈflɒks -RSB- Greek φλόξ `` flame '' ; plural `` phlox '' or `` phloxes '' , Greek φλόγες phlóges ) is a genus of 67 species of perennial and annual plants in the family Polemoniaceae . They are found mostly in North America ( one in Siberia ) in diverse habitats from alpine tundra to open woodland and prairie . Some flower in spring , others in summer and fall . Flowers may be pale blue , violet , pink , bright red , or white . Many are fragrant . Fertilized flowers typically produce one relatively large seed . The fruit is a longitudinally dehiscent capsule with three or more valves that sometimes separate explosively . Some species such as P. paniculata ( garden phlox ) grow upright , while others such as P. subulata ( moss phlox , moss pink , mountain phlox ) grow short and matlike . The foliage of Phlox is a food for the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including dot moth , Gazoryctra wielgusi , hummingbird hawk-moth and Schinia indiana ( which feeds exclusively on P. pilosa ) . Phlox species are also a popular food source for groundhogs , rabbits and deer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bda398991197b1a2f964b761d9d3bc72", "text": "Bluebell Arboretum Bluebell Arboretum is an arboretum and associated plant nursery near the village of Smisby in South Derbyshire , England . It is a Royal Horticultural Society recommended garden , comprising a large selection of rare trees , shrubs and climbers growing in a woodland garden . Planting was started by the owners , Suzette and Robert Vernon ( a Royal Horticultural Society committee member and Chelsea Flower Show judge ) in 1992 on what was then a six acre ( 2.2 hectare ) meadow , just under 500 feet ( 150 metres ) above sea level . The arboretum was officially opened by Roy Lancaster , OBE VMH in 1997 , and has since been expanded and is now open to the public throughgout the year , excluding Sundays during the winter months . In the garden emphasis is placed on its educational potential ; its collection is extensive and well-labelled and there are many posters describing points of botanical/ecological interest , designed to stimulate further interest in trees , especially amongst younger visitors . The collection includes numerous species and cultivars from Northern Asia , North America and other temperate regions around the world ; it includes cultivars of Cornus kousa ( Chinese dogwood ) , Liquidambar styraciflua ( American sweetgum ) , Liriodendron ( tulip tree ) and various Betula ( birch ) species , as well as other woody plants from many different genera . The arboretum includes a 2007 planting of 75 Sequoiadendron giganteum , the well-known giant redwood from the mountains of Southern California , and this area of the arboretum is intended to become a redwood grove in the future . Britain 's first `` Singing Sequoia '' was commissioned in BlueBell Arboretum in spring , 2013 ; this automated musical and educational feature is amongst a group planting of Coastal Redwoods , which fully-grown in California are the tallest trees in the world . The aim of this planting is to create a small-scale representation of a Californian redwood forest , complete with sword ferns , ` Polystichum munitum ' , growing beneath the redwoods and skunk cabbages , ` Lysichiton americanus ' , in a nearby damp area . In May 2004 , the arboretum was given the ` Greenwatch Award ' by Derbyshire County Council for Environmental Sustainability , and was featured for its autumn colour in October 2007 in the BBC 's Gardeners ' World . The arboretum also regularly holds open days for the National Gardens Scheme charity .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "17c5864bd8dd91861aa61231e2169394", "text": "Commelinaceae Commelinaceae is a family of flowering plants . In less formal contexts , the group is referred to as the dayflower family or spiderwort family . It is one of five families in the order Commelinales and by far the largest of these with about 731 known species in 41 genera . Well known genera include Commelina ( dayflowers ) and Tradescantia ( spiderworts ) . The family is diverse in both the Old World tropics and the New World tropics , with some genera present in both . The variation in morphology , especially that of the flower and inflorescence , is considered to be exceptionally high amongst the angiosperms . The family has always been recognized by most taxonomists . The APG III system of 2009 ( unchanged from the APG system of 1998 ) , also recognizes this family , and assigns it to the order Commelinales in the clade commelinids in the monocots . The family counts several hundred species of herbaceous plants . Many are cultivated as ornamentals . The stems of these plants are generally well-developed , and often swollen at the nodes . Flowers are often short-lived , lasting for a day or less . The flowers of Commelinaceae are ephemeral , lack nectar , and offer only pollen as a reward to their pollinators . Most species are hermaphroditic , meaning each flower contains male and female organs , or andromonoecious , meaning that both bisexual and male flowers occur on the same plant . Floral dimorphism may be accompanied by variable pedicel length , filament length and/or curvature , or stamen number and/or position . Species tend to have specific flowering seasons , though local environmental factors tend to effect exact timing , sometimes considerably . Species tend to flower at a specific time of day as well , with these periods being well defined enough to presumably isolate different species reproductively . Furthermore , some species exhibit differential opening times for male and bisexual flowers . Commelinaceae flowers tend to deceive pollinators by appearing to offer a larger reward than is actually present . This is accomplished with various adaptations such as yellow hairs or broad anther connectives that mimic pollen , or staminodes that lack pollen but appear like fertile stamens .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "41f1f79498b8203b6b20abad0c7c27c2", "text": "Quaqua The genus Quaqua falls within the tribe of plants known collectively as stapeliads . All stapeliads , including Quaqua , are old world stem succulents . Species of the Quaqua genus are exceptionally varied and endemic to southwestern Africa , and locally very common in Namaqualand . They are usually characterised by having stout , firm , 4 or 5-sided stems bearing conical tubercles which often have a tough , tapering spike at their ends . A few species lack the spikes or have smoothly rounded tubercles . Quaqua flowers are distinctive from those of other southern African stapeliads for their numerous inflorescences emerging from each stem , especially closer to the ends . There are ten along each stem , vertically arranged in distichous series . The flowers themselves are typically sweet smelling ( faintly of honey or lemon ) , attractive and rather small ( between 7 and 15 mm in diameter ) . Some , however , reach a maximum diameter of 27 mm and are dark and papillate . These larger flowers frequently have a repulsive , pungent odor , either of urine or excrement . Species", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d9bc1089555c54e1ac08b86ec73ff72", "text": "Ganjam Kewda Flower Kewra is an extract from the male flowers of a screw-pine tree . Ganjam Kewda Flower is registered ( on Application No. 229 ) under the Geographical Indications ( GI ) of Goods ( Registration and Protection ) Act by Government of India . Kewda scent is produced in Chhatrapur , Brahmapur , Gopalpur and Jagannathpur in district of Ganjam , Odisha . Although kewda plants almost distributed almost throughout India , 90 % of production of kewda flower is estimated in this district of Odisha . The flower is dear to the Indian heart is Kewda ( Pandanus odoratissimus ) . It grows on a small tree or shrub which is both cultivated and grows wild in coastal areas . It can also be found in some inland districts but the flowers seem to create their most exquisite floral bouquet in certain coastal localities , the most famous being the Ganjam district of Odisha . The tree/shrub can reach a height of 18 feet . The densely branched plant is supported by aerial roots forming a thick impenetrable jungle . The long leaves possess prickly spines along the edges and mid-ribs making the plant tough to handle for those not use to their peculiar nature . The male flower `` spikes '' ( a better technical word is inflorescence ) are 10-20 inches long . Along the central stalk of spike one can fine many true flowers each encased in a fragrant cream-coloured spathe ; a spathe being a leaf-like structure enclosing a flower . A fully mature Kewda tree produces about 30-40 flower spikes each year weighing 5-6 each ounces each .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4f81666d95e355d4f7aa436d3b36922", "text": "Espalier Espalier ( -LSB- ᵻˈspælɪər -RSB- or -LSB- ᵻˈspæli.eɪ -RSB- ) is the horticultural and ancient agricultural practice of controlling woody plant growth for the production of fruit , by pruning and tying branches to a frame . Plant are frequently shaped in formal patterns , flat against a structure such as a wall , fence , or trellis , and also plants which have been shaped in this way . Espaliers , trained into flat two-dimensional forms , are used not only for decorative purposes , but also for gardens in which space is limited . In a temperate climate , espaliers may be trained next to a wall that can reflect more sunlight and retain heat overnight or orientated so that they absorb maximum sunlight by training them parallel to the equator . These two strategies allow the season to be extended so that fruit has more time to mature . A restricted form of training consists of a central stem and a number of paired horizontal branches all trained in the same plane . The most important advantage is that of being able to increase the growth of a branch by training it vertically . Later , one can decrease growth while increasing fruit production by training it horizontally .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b801ca2e9e7e54c932c9c860f1b8bd54", "text": "Moraceae The Moraceae -- often called the mulberry family or fig family -- are a family of flowering plants comprising about 38 genera and over 1180 species . Most are widespread in tropical and subtropical regions , less so in temperate climates . The only synapomorphy within Moraceae is presence of laticifers and milky sap in all parenchymatous tissues , but generally useful field characters include two carpels sometimes with one reduced , compound inconspicuous flowers , and compound fruits . Included are well-known plants such as the fig , banyan , breadfruit , mulberry , and Osage-orange . The ` flowers ' of Moraceae are often pseudanthia ( reduced inflorescences ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "05da72bd9429c17b48bf939d2d4c21dd", "text": "Accessory fruit An accessory fruit ( sometimes called false fruit , spurious fruit , pseudofruit , or pseudocarp ) is a fruit in which some of the flesh is derived not from the ovary but from some adjacent tissue exterior to the carpel . Examples of accessory tissue are the receptacle of the strawberry , pineapple , common fig , and mulberry , and the calyx of Gaultheria procumbens or Syzygium jambos . Pomes , such as apples and pears , are also accessory fruits , with much of the fruit flesh derived from a hypanthium . Other example could be the anthocarps specific to the family Nyctaginaceae , where most of the fruit comes from the perianth ( floral whorls ) . Fruit with fleshy seeds , such as pomegranate or mamoncillo , are not considered to be accessory fruit . The terms false fruit , spurious fruit , and pseudocarp are older terms for accessory fruit that have been criticized as `` inapt '' , and are not used by some botanists today .", "title": "" } ]	fever
ed1b2ed885ef686017b46287e7fd6ccf	Maria I of Portugal was a monarch in a place.	[ { "docid": "8198f68313af765ad872e1d2e2875edb", "text": "Maria I of Portugal Dona Maria I ( English : Mary I ; 17 December 1734 -- 20 March 1816 ) was Queen of Portugal , Brazil , and the Algarves . Known as Maria the Pious ( in Portugal ) , or Maria the Mad ( in Brazil ) , she was the first undisputed Queen regnant of Portugal . With Napoleon 's European conquests , her court , then under the direction of Prince Dom João , the Prince Regent , moved to Brazil , then a Portuguese colony . Later on , Brazil would be elevated from the rank of a colony to that of a kingdom , with the consequential formation of the United Kingdom of Portugal , Brazil and the Algarves .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "5ed5c08ce1a6344873ba05b43db3050c", "text": "Norte Region, Portugal Norte ( Região Norte , -LSB- ʁɨʒiˈɐ̃w ˈnɔɾtɨ -RSB- ; `` North Region '' ) is a region in the northern part of Portugal . It is a land of dense vegetation and profound historic and cultural wealth . Its capital is the city of Porto . The region has 3,689,173 inhabitants according to the 2011 census , and its area is 21,278 km ² ( density of 173 inhabitants per square kilometre ) . It is one of five regions of Mainland Portugal ( NUTS II subdivisions ) . Northern Portugal is a culturally varied region , thus historical rivalries between different neighbouring cities and towns are common , unlike other Portuguese regions where every city and town is culturally very similar .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0e519594d1541d991e01a065d954cf92", "text": "Palace of the High-Courier The Palace of the High Courier of Loures ( Palácio do Correio-Mor ) , is a palatial residence in the civil parish of Loures , in the municipality of the same name in the periphery of the Portuguese capital of Lisbon . The imposing Baroque-era residence , is a `` U '' - shaped layout , consisting of courtyard leading to staircase and two-storey building decorated in azulejos , stucco artistic works and paintings , that was once home to the Counts and Marquesses of Penafiel .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b225db526c30ff3c8a28654ede8781c6", "text": "Póvoa de Varzim Póvoa de Varzim ( -LSB- ˈpɔvwɐ ðɨ vɐɾˈzĩ -RSB- , locally -LSB- -LSB- ˈpɔβwə ðɨ βəɾˈzĩŋ -RSB- -RSB- ) , also spelled Povoa de Varzim , is a Portuguese city in Northern Portugal and sub-region of Greater Porto . It sits in a sandy coastal plain , a cuspate foreland , halfway between the Minho and Douro rivers . The population of the municipality was 63,408 at the time of the 2011 census . According to the 2001 census , there were 63,470 inhabitants , with 42,396 living in the city proper . The city expanded , southwards , to Vila do Conde , and there are about 100,000 inhabitants in the urban area alone . It is the seventh-largest urban agglomeration in Portugal and the third largest in Northern Portugal . Permanent settlement in Póvoa de Varzim dates back to around four to six thousand years ago ; around 900 BC , unrest in the region led to the establishment of Cividade de Terroso , a fortified city , which developed maritime trade routes with the civilizations of classical antiquity . Modern Póvoa de Varzim emerged after the conquest by the Roman Republic of the city by 138 BC , fishing and fish processing units soon developed , which turned out to be the foundations of the local economy . By the 11th century , the fish industry and fertile farmlands were the economic base of a feudal lordship and Varzim was fiercely disputed between the local overlords and the early Portuguese kings , which resulted in the establishment of the present day 's municipality in 1308 and being subdued to monastic power some years later . Póvoa de Varzim 's importance reemerged with the Age of Discovery due to its shipbuilders and merchants proficiency and wealth , who traded around the globe in complex trade routes . By the 17th century , the fish processing industry rebounded and , some time later , Póvoa became the dominant fishing port in northern Portugal . Póvoa de Varzim has been a well-known beach resort for over three centuries , the most popular in Northern Portugal , which unfolded an influential literary culture and historical artistic patronage in music and theater . Casino da Póvoa is one of the few and prominent gambling venues in Portugal . Leisure and health benefits provided in large sandy beaches attracts national and international visitors . Póvoa de Varzim holds other landmarks , especially the traditional Junqueira shopping street , Garrett Theatre , the Ethnography and History Museum , Cividade de Terroso , the Medieval Rates Monastery , Baroque Matriz Church , city Hall and Portuguese vernacular architecture in Praça do Almada , and numerous Portuguese cuisine restaurants that make Póvoa de Varzim popular in all Northern Portugal , which started to attract an international following . Farol da Lapa , Farol de Regufe , the main breakwater of the Port of Póvoa de Varzim , Carvalhido and São Félix Hill are preferred for sightseeing . The city has significant textile and food industries . The town has retained a distinct cultural identity and ancient customs such as the writing system of siglas poveiras , the masseira farming technique and festivals .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d924166e09e30c54852573b7626c586e", "text": "Dom Luís I Bridge The Dom Luís I Bridge ( Ponte D. Luís I ) is a double-deck metal arch bridge that spans the River Douro between the cities of Porto and Vila Nova de Gaia in Portugal . At its construction , its 172 m span was the longest of its type in the world . It has been confused with the nearby Maria Pia Bridge , a railway bridge that was built 9 years earlier ( and located 1 km to the east ) , that is similar in aspect to the Dom Luís bridge .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fd88deffd9bba3c3c20e07320465edcc", "text": "Palace of the Marquises of Fronteira The Palace of the Marquesses of Fronteira ( Portuguese : Palácio dos Marqueses de Fronteira ) is a Portuguese palace located in Lisbon , Portugal .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a2557795548dfddd21a59b574b2d922", "text": "Feira (Santa Maria da Feira) Feira is a former civil parish in the municipality of Santa Maria da Feira , Portugal . In 2013 , the parish merged into the new parish Santa Maria da Feira , Travanca , Sanfins e Espargo . Covering the historic city centre , it was the seat of the Santa Maria da Feira Municipality . It has a population of 11,040 inhabitants and a total area of 8.40 km ² . Its name of inhabitants are known as Feirense . Official city name : Santa Maria da Feira . The surrounding area is often known as Terras de Santa Maria . The parish is the location of a medieval castle . It is also famous for its local bread named fogaça and its local market .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0b46f73307aed536b19f02088e1fe675", "text": "List of governors of Portuguese India The government of Portuguese India started in 1505 , six years after the discovery of the sea route to India by Vasco da Gama , with the nomination of the first Viceroy Francisco de Almeida , then settled at Kochi . Until 1752 , the name `` India '' included all Portuguese possessions in the Indian Ocean , from southern Africa to Southeast Asia , governed - either by a Viceroy or Governor - from its headquarters , established in Goa since 1510 . In 1752 Portuguese Mozambique got its own government and in 1844 the Portuguese Government of India stopped administering the territory of Portuguese Macau , Solor and Portuguese Timor , seeing itself thus confined to a reduced territorial entity in Malabar : Goa , Daman , Diu , Dadra and Nagar Haveli . Portuguese control ceased in the last two enclaves in 1954 , and finally ceased in the remaining three pockets in 1961 , when they were occupied by the Republic of India ( although Portugal only recognized the occupation after the Carnation Revolution in 1974 ) . This ended four and a half centuries of Portuguese rule in parts -- thought tiny -- of India . It may be noted that during the term of the monarchy , the title of the head of the Portuguese government in India ranged from `` Governor '' to `` Viceroy '' . The title of viceroy would only be assigned to members of the nobility ; It was formally terminated in 1774 , although it has later been given sporadically to be decisively ended after 1835 ) , as shown below .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "547f67718e5b7962d84368dcf3fae020", "text": "Marvão Marvão ( -LSB- mɐɾˈvɐ̃w -RSB- ) is a municipality in Portalegre District in Portugal . The population in 2011 was 3,512 , in an area of 154.90 km ² . The present Mayor is Vitor Martins Frutuoso , elected by the Social Democratic Party . The municipal holiday is September 8 . Perched on a granite crag of the Serra de São Mamede , Marvão 's name is derived from an 8th-century Muladi duke , named Ibn Marwan . Ibn Marwan , who constructed the Castle of Marvão - likely on the site of an earlier Roman watchtower - as a power base when establishing an independent statelet ( `` emirate '' , duchy ) - covering much of modern-day Portugal - during the Emirate of Cordoba ( 884-931 CE ) . The castle and walled village were further fortified through the centuries , notably under Sancho II of Portugal ( 13th century ) and Denis of Portugal . The village has generated significant tourist interest in recent years . It was included in the # 1 New York Times bestselling book , ' 1000 Places to see Before you Die ' . Nobel prize-winning author José Saramago wrote of the village `` From Marvão one can see the entire land ... It is understandable that from this place , high up in the keep at Marvão Castle , visitors may respectfully murmur , ` How great is the world . '' . In the 1950s , author Huldine V. Beamish wrote of Marvão ` There is an atmosphere about the district ( of Marvão ) that is very ancient . At times you have the same peculiar feelings as those evoked by Stonehenge and that amazing druid monument at Callernish in the Isle of Lewis . Picking your way along the steep stony pathways , you would not be at all surprised to meet a Phoenician trader or Roman Soldier . It would be the most natural thing in the world . ' . An annual international classical music festival , under the artistic direction of German conductor Christoph Poppen , was launched in Marvão in July 2014 . The village also hosts an international film festival , Periferías , in August each year . Other annual festivals in Marvão include ` Al-Mossassa ' - a celebration of the town 's Moorish past , held jointly with the Spanish city of Badajoz ( also founded by Ibn Marwan ) - in early October , plus a major Chestnut Festival in early November .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "89f2cc5dbe0249b97b98878a62e0adb5", "text": "Infanta Maria Adelaide of Portugal D. Maria Adelaide of Braganza , Infanta of Portugal , ( 31 January 191224 February 2012 ) was a member of the royal house of Braganza , daughter of Miguel , Duke of Braganza and Princess Maria Theresa of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "437887e27af2b2eeb9e8be02f6296e77", "text": "History of Póvoa de Varzim thumb \| 280px \| Old Town of Varzim , probable site of a Roman villa which prompted the development of the modern city . The history of Póvoa de Varzim , Portugal , and its development as a maritime trade and fishing hub , have been greatly influenced by its location at the entrance to one of Portugal 's best natural ports . Permanent settlement in the coastal plain of Póvoa de Varzim dates back to around four to six thousand years ago ; around 900 BC , unrest in the region led to the establishment of a fortified city . The ocean has played an important part in its popular culture and economy , through maritime trade and fishing , leading it to establish a fiefdom in the 10th or 11th century , a municipality in 1308 and to become , in the 18th century , the main fishing port in northern Portugal . Póvoa de Varzim and its region had relevant input that allowed the Portuguese discoveries , throw manpower , shipbuilding and seafaring knowledge . Since the 18th century , its beaches have helped it become one of the main tourist areas of the region , which prompted high-culture development since late 18th century . Its development suffered setbacks due to feudalism , monastic domain , border disputes and , recently , the development of a highly centralized state . However , it gained significant privileges confirmed by successive Portuguese kings such as town limit exception and royal appeal rights .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "432819171551b780330b22718e9f96d7", "text": "Teatro Nacional de São Carlos The Teatro Nacional de São Carlos ( -LSB- tiˈatɾu nɐsiuˈnaɫ dɨ sɐ̃w̃ ˈkaɾluʃ -RSB- ) ( National Theatre of Saint Charles ) is an opera house in Lisbon , Portugal . It was opened on July 30 , 1793 by Queen Maria I as a replacement for the Tejo Opera House , which was destroyed in the 1755 Lisbon earthquake . The theatre is located in the historical center of Lisbon , in the Chiado district . In 1792 , a group of Lisbon businessmen decided to finance the construction of a new Opera House in the city . The theatre was built in only six months following a design by Portuguese architect José da Costa e Silva , with neoclassical and rococo elements . The general project is clearly inspired by great Italian theatres like the San Carlo of Naples ( interior ) and La Scala in Milan ( interior and façade ) . In the early 19th century , when the Portuguese Royal Court had to flee to the Portuguese colony of Brazil to escape the invading Napoleonic troops , a theatre modelled on the São Carlos was built in Rio de Janeiro . The main façade has a decorated clock , the Portuguese coats-of-arms and an arched entrance hall ( a portico ) . The theatre was named after the Princess Charlotte of Spain , who had come to Portugal in 1790 to marry the future King , Prince John : Carlos ( Portuguese form of Charles ) is the masculine form of Charlotte . A Latin commemorative inscription dedicates the theatre to the princess . The main room is elliptic , has five tiers of boxes and seats 1148 people . The luxurious royal box was lavishly decorated by the Italian Giovanni Appianni . The ceiling was painted by Manuel da Costa and the stage by Cirilo Wolkmar Machado . The first opera presented here , in 1793 , was La Ballerina Amante , by Domenico Cimarosa . The most famous Portuguese composer of the time , Marcos Portugal , became musical director of the São Carlos in 1800 after returning from Italy , and many of his operas were staged here . Between 1828 and 1834 , the São Carlos was closed during the Portuguese Civil War , fought between kings Miguel I and Pedro IV . In 1850 , the lighting of the interior was changed to gas illumination , the latest technology available . Shortly afterwards , the Portuguese state bought the theatre from private investors . After a few failed attempts , electrical illumination was installed in 1887 . From 1935 to 1940 , the theatre was closed for repairs . In 1974 , a resident opera company was established . In 1993 , the Orquestra Sinfónica Portuguesa was created as the Teatro 's affiliate orchestra , with Álvaro Cassuto as the orchestra 's first principal conductor . Subsequent principal conductors of the Orquestra Sinfónica Portuguesa have included José Ramón Encinar ( 1999-2001 ) , Zoltán Peskó ( 2001-2004 ) and Julia Jones ( 2008-2011 ) . Since January 2014 , the orchestra 's principal conductor is Joana Carneiro .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "44ce55397437fa2f5bb24e09faf4408b", "text": "Church of Nossa Senhora da Conceição Velha The Church of Nossa Senhora da Conceição ( -LSB- Igreja de Nossa Senhora da Conceição Velha , links = no -RSB- ) is a church in the civil parish of Madalena , in the municipality of Lisbon . The Church of Conceição dos Freires , or Conceição Velha , ( known as the Church of the Misericórdia ) was not included in the original plans to reconstruct the Lisbon riverfront , even though it was partially ruined . Instead , King Joseph gave the monks from the Church of Nossa Senhora da Conceição ( which was destroyed ) the location of the Misericórdia church , and ordered Pombaline architect Francisco António Ferreira ( with the collaboration of Honorato José Correia ) in 1770 , to rebuild the structure . Once renovations were completed , the clerics of the Conceição , re-occupied the rebuilt Misericórdia Church , and the Brotherhood of the Misericórdia was transferred to the ( formerly Jesuit ) Church of São Roque . Francisco António Ferreira , also known as o Cangalhas , reused the lateral entrance , central column , two Manueline windows , the relief of the Misericórdia , and Chapel of the Holy Sacrement , as the new entrance . With this , he reoriented the temple , whose southern entrance became the principal , and the lateral chapel became the presbytery . The main facade , crowned by triangular pediment , is marked by an ornate Manueline portico , with a tympanum that includes the Virgin of the Misericórdia , and figures of nobles and religious clerics . Flanked by comparable Manueline-style windows , the whole group has semblances to the Monastery of the Jerónimos .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "774e55b0e5b4cee95269f24d04a73067", "text": "The Royal Palace (Bucharest) The Royal Palace in Bucharest is a monumental building situated in Bucharest , on Calea Victoriei . The large place in front of it was traditionally called `` Piața Palatului '' ( The Palace 's Place ) , but was renamed `` Piața Revoluției '' ( `` Revolution 's Square '' ) after the Romanian Revolution of 1989 . The Palace is the largest and most significant Royal residence in Romania , containing emblematic official spaces such as the Throne Hall ( Sala Tronului ) , the Royal Dining Hall ( Sufrageria Regală ) and the monumental Voivodes ' Staircase ( Scara Voievozilor ) . During World War II , a complete rebuild of the Palace 's Place was planned , in order to underline the Royal Palace 's full monumentality , but this architectural project was never completed . On December 30th , 1947 , a sudden Communist coup d'etat supported by the Soviet military ( that occupied Romania after the end of WWII ) forced HM King Michael I to sign an unconstitutional act of abdication and go in exile for 50 years . Romanian people was never consulted via a referendum . The Romanian Popular Republic was proclaimed the same evening , during a rigged Parliament assembly . After the installation of the Republican regime , the National Museum of Art of Romania was hosted in the Royal Palace . After the Romanian Revolution , HM King Michael and HM Queen Anne were allowed for a first visit in the country in April 1992 ( despite their attempts to do that immediately after the events ) . The two-day visit was a historical event , the press reporting more than one million people warmly greeting the King in the streets . After that , the Romanian post-Communist authorities denied him a second visit until 1997 , when a newly-installed government under Victor Ciorbea abolished the Communist decree that banned the King 's Romanian citizenship , effectively allowing him to regain ID documents and permanently move in the country . Since then , the Romanian Royal Family does regular public activities for Romania 's official representation worldwide . Since the Royal Palace presently hosts a museum , the Romanian Royal Family ( HM King Michael , HRH Crown Princess Margareta and the other members ) now uses Elisabeta Palace as its official residence in Bucharest .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "380e29b4d4a2dbe3c1f6015baf92da36", "text": "Convento de San Marcos The Convento de San Marcos was a convent in León , Spain is today an operating luxury parador hotel . It also contains a consecrated church and museum , and is one of the most important monuments of the Renaissance in Spain . It is one of the greatest architectural jewels of León , together with the Cathedral , the Basilica of San Isidoro and la Casa Botines . It has a highly ornamental plateresque facade . The darkest period in the monastery of San Marcos 's five centuries of history is concentrated in just four years . During the course of the Spanish Civil War cells , rooms , stables , cloisters , church , choir , museum and every fast corner of the building were transformed into impromptu dungeons or jailers ' offices . Between July 1936 and the end of 1940 , up to 7,000 men and 300 women were imprisoned at the same time . It is estimated that , over the entire war and the period immediately following , the number of Republican militia members and political prisoners that passed through its cells totaled some 20,000 . In the province of Leon , around 3,000 deaths are recorded due to the repression , and a good number of these came from the dungeons of San Marcos . The origins of this building lie in the twelfth century , in the days of Alfonso VII of León . His sister , the Infanta Sancha of Castile , made a donation in July 1152 to construct a modest building on the outskirts of the walled city , on the banks of the Bernesga river , where `` the poor of Christ '' could stay . This would be a hospital-temple of shelter for pilgrims travelling the Camino de Santiago . Also , the building was the main residence for the Order of Santiago in the Kingdom of León . In 1176 , Pedro Fernandez de Castro , the first maestre of the Order of Santiago was elected as the first prior , and in 1184 he was buried in his church .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6cf1da13cde32af67c662d8179694715", "text": "Infanta Ana de Jesus Maria of Portugal Infanta Ana de Jesus Maria of Portugal ( Mafra , 23 October 1806 -- Rome , 22 June 1857 ) was a Portuguese infanta and youngest daughter of King John VI and his wife , Carlota Joaquina of Spain .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ae0f596a1d7d01105a0cdcc9b0657ba2", "text": "Maria Pia of Savoy Dona Maria Pia of Savoy ( 16 October 1847 -- 5 July 1911 ) was a Portuguese Queen consort , spouse of King Luís I of Portugal . On the day of her baptism , Pope Pius IX , her godfather , gave her a Golden Rose . Maria Pia was married to Luís on the 6 October 1862 in Lisbon . She was the grand mistress of the Order of Saint Isabel .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "753bc05292e82c6017ab58634b8613e7", "text": "Castle of Penela Castle of Penela ( Castelo de Penela , -LSB- kɐʃˌtɛɫu dɨ pɨˈnɛɫɐ -RSB- ) is located in a Penela town in Penela Municipality in Coimbra District , Portugal . The castle was built on a hill dominating the area and used to be a stronghold protecting Coimbra in times of Reconquista . Castle of Penela and the neighboring castle Montemor-o-Velho are both fine examples of defensive structures of that period . The origins of the name are controversial and are attributed by some authors to ancient Celtic tribes . According to a local legend , King Afonso I ( Afonso Henriques ) exclaimed to incite his troops storming the stronghold : Coragem ! Já estamos com o pé nela ! ( Courage ! We have already set a foot in it ! ) . A more plausible hypothesis is , however , that penela is a diminutive of penha , a place selected to build a fortress on .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b76db366a1196c1482112e8bd6e5cddd", "text": "Patuleia The Patuleia , Guerra da Patuleia , or Little Civil War was a civil war in Portugal , so called to distinguish it from the ` great ' civil war between Dom Pedro and Dom Miguel that ended in 1834 . The Patuleia occurred after the Revolution of Maria da Fonte , and was closely associated with her . It was caused by the nomination , as a result of the palace coup of 6 October 1846 , known as the `` Emboscada '' , to set up a clearly Cartista government presided over by marshal João Oliveira e Daun , Duque de Saldanha . The war lasted 8 months , pitting the Cartistas ( with the support of queen Maria II ) against an unnatural coalition of Septembrists and Miguelists . The focus of resistance to the new government was the Septembrist ` Junta of Porto ' , whose military leader , the First Count of Bonfim , was defeated by Marshal Saldanha at the siege of Torres Vedras on 22 -- 23 December 1846 , and sent into exile in Angola . The war ended in a clear Cartista victory , as shown in the signing of the resulting Convention of Gramido on 30 June 1847 , but only just , after the intervention of foreign military forces of the Quadruple Alliance . Category :1846 in Portugal Category : Wars involving Portugal Category : Civil wars involving the states and peoples of Europe Category : Civil wars of the Industrial era Category : Revolution-based civil wars Category : Conflicts in 1846 Category :1847 in Portugal", "title": "" }, { "docid": "374db3d19d53b0bf67f6e53032fe87f1", "text": "Maria of Portugal, Duchess of Viseu D. Maria of Portugal , Duchess of Viseu ( 18 June 1521 -- 10 October 1577 in Lisbon ; -LSB- mɐˈɾiɐ -RSB- ) was an Infanta of Portugal , the only daughter of King Manuel I of Portugal and Eleanor of Austria . A noted patron of the arts , Maria 's personal wealth rivaled that of the king , her brother ( John III of Portugal ) , making her the richest woman in Portugal and one of the richest in Europe .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b7d16833efb66ff794933499a1c9578b", "text": "Ferdinand I of Portugal Dom Ferdinand I ( Portuguese : Fernando ; 31 October 1345 -- 22 October 1383 ) , sometimes called the Handsome ( o Formoso or o Belo ) or occasionally the Inconstant ( o Inconstante ) , was the King of Portugal and the Algarve from 1367 until his death in 1383 . His death led to the 1383 -- 85 crisis , also known as the Portuguese interregnum .", "title": "" } ]	fever
264aa32ea0c0dba1fc9980f350ac3003	Margaret Atwood has published short stories in Harper's.	[ { "docid": "cd4f1abde8b33e49b3d1a4b11ff1c0d4", "text": "Margaret Atwood Margaret Eleanor Atwood , ( born November 18 , 1939 ) is a Canadian poet , novelist , literary critic , essayist , and environmental activist . She is a winner of the Arthur C. Clarke Award and Prince of Asturias Award for Literature , has been shortlisted for the Booker Prize five times , winning once , and has been a finalist for the Governor General 's Award several times , winning twice . In 2001 , she was inducted into Canada 's Walk of Fame . She is also a founder of the Writers ' Trust of Canada , a non-profit literary organization that seeks to encourage Canada 's writing community . Among innumerable contributions to Canadian literature , she was a founding trustee of the Griffin Poetry Prize . Atwood is also the inventor , and developer , of the LongPen and associated technologies that facilitate the remote robotic writing of documents . She is the Co-Founder and a Director of Syngrafii Inc. ( formerly Unotchit Inc. ) , a company that she started in 2004 to develop , produce and distribute the LongPen technology . She holds various patents related to the LongPen technologies . While she is best known for her work as a novelist , she has also published fifteen books of poetry . Many of her poems have been inspired by myths and fairy tales , which have been interests of hers from an early age . Atwood has published short stories in Tamarack Review , Alphabet , Harper 's , CBC Anthology , Ms. , Saturday Night , and many other magazines . She has also published four collections of stories and three collections of unclassifiable short prose works .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "959bd7930ea557bdbe9b33e8eea68a8d", "text": "The Edible Woman The Edible Woman is a 1969 novel that helped to establish Margaret Atwood as a prose writer of major significance . It is the story of a young woman whose sane , structured , consumer-oriented world starts to slip out of focus . Following her engagement , Marian feels her body and her self are becoming separated . As Marian begins endowing food with human qualities that cause her to identify with it , she finds herself unable to eat , repelled by metaphorical cannibalism . In a foreword written in 1979 for the Virago edition of the novel , Atwood described it as a protofeminist rather than feminist work . Atwood explores gender stereotypes through characters who strictly adhere to them ( such as Peter or Lucy ) and those who defy their constraints ( such as Ainsley or Duncan ) . The narrative point of view shifts from first to third person , accentuating Marian 's slow detachment from reality . At the conclusion , first person narration returns , consistent with the character 's willingness to take control of her life again . Food and clothing are major symbols used by the author to explore themes and grant the reader insight on each of the characters ' personalities , moods and motivations . Setting is used to identify differences between the characters ; for example , Duncan is encountered in a mundane laundromat , gloomy theatre or sleazy hotel . In comparison , Peter inhabits genteel bars and a sparkling new apartment . However these changing environments are also used to explore different angles of existence , contrasting a freer , wilder glimpse of life , with a civilised , gilded cage . This highlights the difficulties presented to women in the era , where freedom was synonymous with uncertainty but marriage presented problems of its own . This novel 's publication coincided with the rise of the women 's movement in North America , but is described by Atwood as `` protofeminist '' because it was written in 1965 and thus anticipated second wave feminism .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fb8003219767ca3372a1623aba3e7394", "text": "Marjorie Daw (short story) `` Marjorie Daw '' is a short story by Thomas Bailey Aldrich . One of Aldrich 's first short stories , and his most famous , it was first published in 1869 ( in book form in 1873 , in Marjorie Daw and Other People ) and remains in print to this day . The story , which is written entirely as a series of letters between two friends , concerns the invention of an imaginary young woman , Marjorie Daw , by one correspondent , intended as a harmless diversion . When the other correspondent becomes madly smitten with the imaginary Ms Daw , the first correspondent is forced to confess his ruse . The story ends thus : `` For oh , dear Jack , there is n't any piazza , there is n't any hammock - there is n't any Marjorie Daw ! ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "98dd193b1c93072eec27ab646a6e2aaa", "text": "Quattro Books Quattro Books is a Canadian small press based in Toronto , Ontario . Quattro publishes both poetry and novellas by established and emerging Canadian writers . Quattro Books was founded in 2006 by Allan Briesmaster , John Calabro , Beatriz Hausner and Luciano Iacobelli , who collectively ran the reading series , Toronto WordStage , from 2006 to 2008 . As of 2014 , Allan Briesmaster and Luciano Iacobelli became the sole owners of Quattro . John Calabro left the company in order to accept the role of Co-Executive Director of the Inspire ! Toronto International Book Fair , which was hosted at the Metro Toronto Convention Centre November 13 to 16 , 2014 . The publishing mandate of Quattro Books includes fostering the development and popularity of the literary novella . Known as the `` Home of the Novella , '' Quattro Books runs a yearly novella contest called the `` Ken Klonsky Novella Contest '' . Authors published by Quattro Books include George Fetherling , Christopher Levenson , Binnie Brennan , Brenda Niskala , Rocco de Giacomo , Carole Giangrande , Sky Gilbert , Michael Wex , Gianna Patriarca , Gale Zoë Garnett , David Silverberg , Susan McCaslin and Jim Christy . In 2014 , Night Vision by Christopher Levenson was shortlisted for the Governor General 's Literary Award for poetry .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "05d1a3b725269fe65a76a4abcce70fcc", "text": "The Handmaid's Tale The Handmaid 's Tale is a 1985 dystopian novel by Canadian author Margaret Atwood . Set in a near-future New England , in a totalitarian theocracy that has overthrown the United States government , the novel explores themes of women in subjugation and the various means by which they gain individualism and independence . The novel 's title echoes the component parts of Geoffrey Chaucer 's The Canterbury Tales , which comprises a series of connected stories ( `` The Merchant 's Tale '' , `` The Parson 's Tale '' , etc. ) . The Handmaid 's Tale won the 1985 Governor General 's Award and the first Arthur C. Clarke Award in 1987 ; it was also nominated for the 1986 Nebula Award , the 1986 Booker Prize , and the 1987 Prometheus Award . The book has been adapted into a film ( 1990 ) , an opera ( 2000 ) , a TV series ( 2017 ) , and other media .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "53e64db6888eb6091bc9e957c8c1ef6e", "text": "Eve's Diary `` Eve 's Diary '' is a comic short story by Mark Twain . It was first published in the 1905 Christmas issue of the magazine Harper 's Bazaar , and in book format in June 1906 by Harper and Brothers publishing house .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2f080d3ea8e3b67a3c4235a827e39c83", "text": "Songs of Stars and Shadows Songs of Stars and Shadows is the second short story collection by author George R.R. Martin . The collection was first published in July 1977 and contains nine short stories .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4197a4b16f31acb0ac6997be73669dc8", "text": "Black Lawrence Press Black Lawrence Press is an independent publishing company founded in upstate New York . It was an imprint of Dzanc Books from 2008 to 2013 . It hosts the Big Moose Prize for the novel , the Hudson Prize and the St. Lawrence Book Award . In addition to fiction and poetry , it also publishes French and German translations . The executive editor is Diane Goettel and the senior editor is Angela Leroux-Lindsey , who also manages The Adirondack Review . Contemporary authors published by Black Lawrence include Mary Biddinger , Louella Bryant Daniel Chacón , B. C. Edwards , Rachel Galvin , Eric Gamalinda , Yvan Goll , Carol Guess , Michael Hemmingson , Hardy Jones , Lawrence Matsuda , Laura McCullough , Daniele Pantano , Pascale Petit , Kevin Pilkington , David Rigsbee , Ron Savage , Anis Shivani , Jen Michalski , and Erica Wright . Pilkington 's `` The Unemployed Man Who Became A Tree '' is a finalist for the 2012 Kessler Poetry Book Award . The press has also published the first English translation of Yvan Goll 's Traumkraut and a collection of previously untranslated poems by Robert Walser . Black Lawrence press published Louella Bryant 's `` While in Darkness There is Light : Idealism and Tragedy on an Australian Commune , '' an account of the 1974 death of Charlie Dean ( brother of future American Presidential candidate Howard Dean ) that drew national attention to the story of the younger Dean 's disappearance .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d425822e3832ca36dd94328e6de9b203", "text": "Omnibus of Science Fiction Omnibus of Science Fiction is an anthology of science fiction short stories edited by Groff Conklin . It was first published in hardcover by Crown Publishers in 1952 , and reprinted in 1953 ; a book club edition was issued by the same publisher with the Science Fiction Book Club in the same year . Later editions were issued by Bonanza Books/Crown Publishers in 1984 and Chatham River Press in 1984 . An abridged paperback version including eleven of its forty-three stories was published by Berkley Books in August 1956 under the variant title Science Fiction Omnibus and reprinted in November 1963 . A two volume British edition , also abridged , was published in hardcover by Grayson & Grayson in 1953-1954 under the variant titles Strange Travels in Science Fiction and Strange Adventures in Science Fiction ; together , they included twenty-two of the original forty-three stories . The book collects forty-three novellas , novelettes and short stories by various science fiction authors , together with an introduction by the editor . The stories were previously published from 1912-1952 in various science fiction and other magazines .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4187ed7f1a87cc45e8b8bdfbaebe136b", "text": "The String Quartet The String Quartet is a short story written by Virginia Woolf and published in 1921 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fb82eb2146385575c187bda5ab70453a", "text": "Harper Allen Harper Allen is a Canadian writer of contemporary and fantasy romance novels since 1998 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e071c07ccb347027a9a8b64f83563e7", "text": "Bleeding Shadows Bleeding Shadows is a short story collection by American author Joe R. Lansdale . It was published by Subterranean Press on 28 November 2013 . This volume contains 30 short stories that span Mr. Lansdale 's extensive career . This book is the largest collection of Mr. Lansdale 's short stories available to date .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6b2924b96fcf0bd2e032636000026852", "text": "The Early Ayn Rand The Early Ayn Rand : A Selection from Her Unpublished Fiction is an anthology of unpublished early fiction written by Ayn Rand , first published in 1984 , two years after her death . The selections include short stories , plays , and excerpts of material cut from her novels We the Living and The Fountainhead .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f378cfbe5ce3d5e3c2026df382181079", "text": "Not After Midnight Not After Midnight is a 1971 collection of short stories by Daphne du Maurier . It was published in Britain under the title Not After Midnight by Gollancz ( with a cover by Daphne du Maurier 's daughter Flavia Tower ) , and published in America by Doubleday as Do n't Look Now . The book contains several novella-length stories , all with different characters and themes but similar in that they touch on the supernatural or strange events . The Penguin Books edition , Harmondsworth and Ringwood , Victoria , Australia , was issued with the title Do n't Look Now and Other Stories and a cover illustration by Charles Raymond in 1973 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "98ebb8647c30f2321ce84ddd31c8f350", "text": "The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 1963 This is a list of adult fiction books that topped The New York Times Fiction Best Seller list in 1963 . The list is notable for being blank for part of the winter as the New York Times , like many other newspapers in the city , worked its way through a major newspaper strike . When the strike ended in March , the political thriller Seven Days in May led the list , having also been at the top at the start of the strike in December 1962 . It lasted there only one week before being overtaken by J.D. Salinger 's second No. 1 bestseller in 18 months , the anthologized novellas , `` Raise High the Roof Beam , Carpenters '' and `` Seymour : An Introduction '' . Salinger 's book led the list for 14 weeks through the spring of 1963 . Daphne du Maurier 's The Glass-Blowers then spent six weeks on the list , followed by Morris West 's novel about the Vatican , The Shoes of the Fisherman ( 14 weeks ) . On October 6 , Shoes gave way to Mary McCarthy 's semi-autobiographical novel The Group , which would spend the next 20 weeks at the top , closing out the year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6fde7a01d9e9ac5137d849768e9c3e97", "text": "A Short History of Indians in Canada A Short History of Indians in Canada is a collection of short stories by Thomas King , published by HarperCollins in 2005 . Although the majority of the stories deal with issues surrounding First Nations people , the topics and styles are quite diverse . The book won the McNally Robinson Aboriginal Book of the Year Award in 2006 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f2a3c1e00bc08821cd34895d19684519", "text": "In a Glass Darkly In a Glass Darkly is a collection of five short stories by Sheridan Le Fanu , first published in 1872 , the year before his death . The second and third are revised versions of previously published stories , and the fourth and fifth are long enough to be called novellas . The title is taken from 1 Corinthians 13:12 , a deliberate misquotation of the passage which describes humanity as perceiving the world `` through a glass darkly '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a2993efca0764f35b9829536430f814", "text": "The Atwood Stories The Atwood Stories was a Canadian television drama series , which aired on W in 2003 . A short-run dramatic anthology series produced by Shaftesbury Films , the series dramatized six short stories by Margaret Atwood . The following year , Shaftesbury produced The Shields Stories , a similar series which dramatized six short stories by another Canadian writer , Carol Shields .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "692ab91d3c6c7bd8a1df009225a0521d", "text": "The Grantville Gazettes The Grantville Gazettes are anthologies of short stories set in the 1632 universe introduced in Eric Flint 's novel 1632 . The Gazettes started as an experiment : a professionally edited , officially sanctioned `` fan magazine '' published electronically . Initially released as serialized e-magazines , they were later published as e-books ( taking a page from the Baen Books experience with E-ARCs -- Electronic Advance Reader Copies , which had been instituted several years earlier . ) Because the electronic sales were successful , Baen contracted with Flint for more issues , to be published 3-4 times per year ( bimonthly , starting in 2007 ) . Each would form part of the canonical background for the other works ( novels and anthologies ) in the rapidly growing 1632 series . As of mid-2012 , e-magazines are published bimonthly , and six books have been published ( five of those as both hardcover and mass market paperback ) excerpted from the first 17 issues of the magazine . A seventh book is promised .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "50d1ad602d2dcd34898cf1b7bfabc67d", "text": "Goose Lane Editions Goose Lane Editions is a Canadian book publishing company founded in 1954 in Fredericton , New Brunswick as Fiddlehead Poetry Books by Fred Cogswell and a group of students and faculty from the University of New Brunswick associated with The Fiddlehead Magazine . After Cogswell retired in 1981 , his successor , Peter Thomas , changed the name to Goose Lane Editions . From 1989 to 1997 Douglas Lochhead was president of Goose Lane . It is now headed by publisher and co-owner Susanne Alexander . The Canada Council for the Arts says the publishing company `` has evolved to become one of Canada 's most exciting showcases of home-grown literary talent . '' Publications from Goose Lane Editions include literary fiction , poetry , biographies , works of history , travel literature , outdoor travel guides and serious non-fiction , as well as fine art volumes that it often publishes in association with museums and galleries . Authors published by Goose Lane include Alden Nowlan , Nancy Bauer , Herb Curtis , Reg Balch , Lynn Coady , Alan Cumyn , Sheree Fitch , Kerry Clare , Jeffery Donaldson , Herménégilde Chiasson , Lynn Davies , Tammy Armstrong , Kathryn Kuitenbrower , Catherine Bush , Noah Richler , Jacques Poitras , Tamai Kobayashi , Douglas Glover whose novel Elle won the 2003 Governor General 's Award for English-language fiction , Joan Thomas whose novel Reading by Lightning won the 2009 Commonwealth Writers Prize for Best First Book ( Canada and the Caribbean ) , Riel Nason whose novel The Town That Drowned won the 2012 Commonwealth Book Prize ( Canada and Europe ) , and Marcello Di Cintio , whose book Walls : Travels Along the Barricades won the 2013 Shaughnessy Cohen Award for Political Writing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "01eca0127bfb875a4607bf56b67f12e0", "text": "Aurealis Award for best young adult novel The Aurealis Awards are presented annually by the Australia-based Chimaera Publications and WASFF to published works to `` recognise the achievements of Australian science fiction , fantasy , horror writers '' . To qualify , a work must have been first published by an Australian citizen or permanent resident between 1 January and 31 December of the corresponding year ; the presentation ceremony is held the following year . It has grown from a small function of around 20 people to a two-day event attended by over 200 people . Since their creation in 1995 , awards have been given in various categories of speculative fiction . Categories currently include science fiction , fantasy , horror , speculative young adult fiction -- with separate awards for novels and short fiction -- collections , anthologies , illustrative works or graphic novels , children 's books , and an award for excellence in speculative fiction . The awards have attracted the attention of publishers by setting down a benchmark in science fiction and fantasy . The continued sponsorship by publishers such as HarperCollins and Orbit has added weight to the honour of the award . The results are decided by a panel of judges from a list of submitted nominees ; the long-list of nominees is reduced to a short-list of finalists . Ties can occur if the panel decides that both entries show equal merit , however they are encouraged to choose a single winner . The judges are selected from a public application process by the Award 's management team . This article lists all the short-list nominees and winners in the best young-adult novel category , as well as novels that have been highly commended . Three people have won the award twice -- Isobelle Carmody , Garth Nix and Scott Westerfeld . Westerfeld holds the record for most nominations with eight , and Rory Barnes has the most nominations without winning , having been a losing finalist five times .", "title": "" } ]	fever
eac513d2894586e107a25396bd8056b6	Liverpool F.C. is in the American football league.	[ { "docid": "54321a234bb54eff066aac839d6a76cd", "text": "Liverpool F.C. Liverpool Football Club ( -LSB- ˈlɪvərpuːl -RSB- ) is a professional association football club based in Liverpool , Merseyside , England . They compete in the Premier League , the top tier of English football . The club has won 5 European Cups , 3 UEFA Cups , 3 UEFA Super Cups , 18 League titles , 7 FA Cups , a record 8 League Cups , and 15 FA Community Shields . The club was founded in 1892 and joined the Football League the following year . The club has played at Anfield since its formation . Liverpool established itself as a major force in both English and European football during the 1970s and 1980s when Bill Shankly and Bob Paisley led the club to 11 League titles and seven European trophies . Under the management of Rafa Benítez and captained by Steven Gerrard Liverpool became European champion for the fifth time , winning the 2005 UEFA Champions League Final against Milan in spite of being 3 -- 0 down at half time . Liverpool was the ninth highest-earning football club in the world for 2014 -- 15 , with an annual revenue of $ 391 million , and the world 's eighth most valuable football club in 2016 , valued at $ 1.55 billion . The club holds many long-standing rivalries , most notably the North West Derby against Manchester United and the Merseyside derby with Everton . The club 's supporters have been involved in two major tragedies . The first was the Heysel Stadium disaster in 1985 , where escaping fans were pressed against a collapsing wall in the Heysel Stadium , with 39 people -- mostly Italians and Juventus fans -- dying , after which English clubs were given a five-year ban from European competition . The second was the Hillsborough disaster in 1989 , where 96 Liverpool supporters died in a crush against perimeter fencing . The team changed from red shirts and white shorts to an all-red home strip in 1964 which has been used ever since . The club 's anthem is `` You 'll Never Walk Alone '' .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "b22b7b59fbf1d7c79b7bb67bfdea70f4", "text": "American Football League (1936) The American Football League ( AFL ) was a professional American football league that operated in 1936 and 1937 . The AFL operated in direct competition with the more established National Football League ( NFL ) throughout its existence . While the American media generally ignored its operation ( often relegating game coverage to `` page filler '' status ) , this second AFL was the first `` home '' of the Cleveland Rams , which joined the National Football League after one year in the AFL . In 1937 , the Los Angeles Bulldogs , the first professional football team to play its home games on the West Coast , also became the first professional football team to win a league championship with a perfect record ( no losses , no ties ) -- 11 years before the Cleveland Browns ( AAFC ) and 35 years before the Miami Dolphins ( NFL ) accomplished the same feat .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2207067ebd85b3e7571590ecaaf8f128", "text": "United States Soccer Federation The United States Soccer Federation ( USSF ) , commonly referred to as U.S. Soccer , is a 501 ( c ) ( 3 ) nonprofit organization and the official governing body of the sport of soccer in the United States . With headquarters in Chicago , Illinois , the FIFA member governs U.S. amateur and professional soccer , including the men 's , women 's , youth , beach soccer , futsal , and Paralympic national teams . U.S. Soccer sanctions referees and soccer tournaments for most soccer leagues in the United States . The U.S. Soccer Federation also administers and operates the Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup , which was first held in 1914 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "950c62d82db6c962c6b42c0be2b95f4c", "text": "Blackburn Rovers F.C. Blackburn Rovers Football Club -LSB- ˈblækbɜrn_ˈroʊvərz -RSB- is a professional association football club based in Ewood , Blackburn in the county of Lancashire , England . It competes in League One following its relegation from the Championship at the conclusion of the 2016 -- 17 season . The club was established in 1875 , becoming a founding member of The Football League in 1888 . It is one of only three clubs to have been both a founder member of the Football League and the Premier League ( the others being Aston Villa and Everton ) . In 1890 , Rovers moved to Ewood Park . Blackburn Rovers have been English champions three times , and have won six FA Cups and one Football League Cup . Blackburn are the only extant club to have won three consecutive FA Cups . The club has spent the majority of its existence in the top flight of English football ( 72 years ) . In 1992 , Rovers gained promotion to the new Premier League a year after being taken over by local entrepreneur Jack Walker , who installed Kenny Dalglish as manager . In 1995 , Rovers became Premier League champions . In the 1998 -- 99 season , the club was relegated . It was promoted back to the Premier League two years later , in the 2000 -- 01 season . It has qualified for the UEFA Cup four times : once as League Cup winners , twice as the Premier League 's sixth-placed team and once via the Intertoto Cup . The 2011 -- 12 season marked the club 's 72nd , non-consecutive , year in the top flight . Rovers are currently one of only six clubs to have won the Premier League , along with Arsenal , Chelsea , Manchester United , Manchester City and Leicester City . The club 's motto is `` Arte et Labore '' , `` By Skill and Hard Work '' in Latin .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e2ce9062a4c9b0b78409c391f91c8cc5", "text": "History of American football The history of American football can be traced to early versions of rugby football and association football . Both games have their origin in varieties of football played in Britain in the mid-19th century , in which a football is kicked at a goal or kicked over a line , which in turn were based on the varieties of English public school football games . American football resulted from several major divergences from association football and rugby football , most notably the rule changes instituted by Walter Camp , a Yale University and Hopkins School graduate who is considered to be the `` Father of American Football '' . Among these important changes were the introduction of the line of scrimmage , of down-and-distance rules and of the legalization of interference . In the late 19th and early 20th centuries , gameplay developments by college coaches such as Eddie Cochems , Amos Alonzo Stagg , Parke H. Davis , Knute Rockne , and Glenn `` Pop '' Warner helped take advantage of the newly introduced forward pass . The popularity of college football grew as it became the dominant version of the sport in the United States for the first half of the 20th century . Bowl games , a college football tradition , attracted a national audience for college teams . Boosted by fierce rivalries and colorful traditions , college football still holds widespread appeal in the United States . The origin of professional football can be traced back to 1892 , with William `` Pudge '' Heffelfinger 's $ 500 contract to play in a game for the Allegheny Athletic Association against the Pittsburgh Athletic Club . In 1920 the American Professional Football Association was formed . This league changed its name to the National Football League ( NFL ) two years later , and eventually became the major league of American football . Primarily a sport of Midwestern industrial towns in the United States , professional football eventually became a national phenomenon . The modern era of American football can be considered to have begun after the 1932 NFL Playoff game , which was the first American football game to feature hash marks , the legalization of the forward pass anywhere behind the line of scrimmage , the first indoor game since 1902 , and the movement of the goal posts back to goal line . Other innovations to occur immediately after 1932 , were the introduction of the AP Poll in 1934 , the tapering of the ends of the football in 1934 , the awarding of the first Heisman Trophy in 1935 , the first NFL draft in 1936 and the first televised game in 1939 . Another important event was the American football game at the 1932 Summer Olympics , which combined with a similar demonstration game at 1933 World 's Fair , led to the first College All-Star Game in 1934 , which in turn was an important factor in the growth of professional football in the United States . American football 's explosion in popularity during the second half of the 20th century can be traced to the 1958 NFL Championship Game , a contest that has been dubbed the `` Greatest Game Ever Played '' . A rival league to the NFL , the American Football League ( AFL ) , began play in 1960 ; the pressure it put on the senior league led to a merger between the two leagues and the creation of the Super Bowl , which has become the most watched television event in the United States on an annual basis .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3e2edf5bbfe75d82fce40dce813b059c", "text": "2011–12 Football League Cup The 2011 -- 12 Football League Cup , known as the Carling Cup due to the competition 's sponsorship by lager brand Carling , was the 52nd season of the Football League Cup , a knock-out competition for England 's top 92 football clubs . Birmingham City were the defending champions , having beaten Arsenal 2 -- 1 in last season 's Final , but were knocked out 2 -- 0 by Manchester City in the Third Round . Liverpool , the winner of the competition , qualified for the third qualifying round of the 2012 -- 13 UEFA Europa League . The final was held on 26 February 2012 , and was contested at Wembley Stadium between finalists Liverpool and Cardiff City . Cardiff were the first team outside the Premier League to appear in a League Cup final since 2001 . It was Liverpool 's first appearance at the new Wembley . Liverpool won the final 3 -- 2 on penalties , claiming a record eighth League Cup , after the score was 2 -- 2 after extra time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d7af7fad31f47e6b9df257a6dd2b92c8", "text": "USA Football USA Football is the national governing body for amateur American football in the United States . It is an independent non-profit based in Indianapolis , Indiana . USA Football hosts more than 100 training events annually and offers education programs for coaches and game officials , as well as skill development for young players and resources for youth league administrators . The organization awards more than $ 1,000,000 in equipment grants to youth leagues and high schools each year based on merit and need along with additional resources . USA Football also offers up to $ 500,000 in subsidies for volunteer youth coach background checks . USA Football was endowed by the National Football League and the National Football League Players Association in 2002 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c2b8c99d536baaabea09f5b11d5e1aa6", "text": "East Lancashire derby The East Lancashire Derby also known as the `` Cotton Mills Derby '' is a football match between Blackburn Rovers F.C. and Burnley F.C. . The nickname originates from the fact that Blackburn and Burnley were former mill towns . The first ever competitive league match between these two former English football champions and founder members of the Football League , took place at Turf Moor on 3 November 1888 , Blackburn won the game 7 -- 1 . Blackburn also won the return fixture at Ewood Park 4 -- 2 . From a town standpoint there is an obvious geographical reason for the rivalry as the two Lancashire towns only lie 11 miles ( 18 km ) apart . Accrington Stanley F.C. stands in the middle , but is not taken seriously as a rival by either . Another alleged reason for the increased hostilities is that Blackburn complained to the Football League about Burnley 's illegal number of Scottish players in the 1890s . Blackburn Rovers were founded in 1875 and in the following years , many other clubs were formed in the region such as Accrington F.C. in 1886 and Clitheroe Central in 1877 , due to football being passionately taken up by the area . Another such club was Burnley Rovers , who started out as a rugby club until changing codes in 1882 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e3b39e612dd90efcf21a3aa64f63739f", "text": "James Milner James Philip Milner ( born 4 January 1986 ) is an English professional footballer who plays for Premier League club Liverpool . A versatile player , he has been utilised in many different positions such as on the wing , in midfield and most recently at left-back . Milner 's talent in football , cricket , and long-distance running was recognised at a very young age . He represented his school in these sports and played football for amateur teams from Rawdon and Horsforth . He supported Leeds United from a young age and was a season ticket holder at the club . In 1996 , he joined the Leeds United youth academy . He made his debut for the first team in 2002 aged only 16 and gained prominence as the youngest player to score in the Premier League . While at Leeds United , he spent time on loan at Swindon Town to gain experience as a first-team player . Following his move to Newcastle United , he was loaned to Aston Villa for a season . He went on to make over 100 appearances for Newcastle , before returning to Aston Villa on a permanent transfer in 2008 . After playing an influential role in Aston Villa 's run to the 2010 League Cup Final and being named 2009 -- 10 PFA Young Player of the Year , Milner joined Manchester City for a reported # 26m transfer fee in 2010 , going on to win the 2011 -- 12 and 2013 -- 14 Premier League titles , 2010 -- 11 FA Cup and 2013 -- 14 League Cup . After five seasons with Manchester City , Milner signed for Liverpool on a free transfer in 2015 . Milner made a record 46 appearances for the England national under-21 football team , playing at the 2007 and 2009 UEFA European Under-21 Championships . He also played 61 appearances for the full English national team , scoring once against Moldova . He was selected for the 2010 and 2014 FIFA World Cup squads , as well as the 2012 and UEFA Euro 2016 UEFA Euro Championships . Milner retired from international football in 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bfddb4e3fdf6832148e20910f95a2381", "text": "Cleveland Browns relocation controversy The Cleveland Browns relocation controversy , sometimes referred to by fans as `` The Move '' , was the decision by then-Browns owner Art Modell to move the Cleveland Browns of the National Football League ( NFL ) from its long-time home of Cleveland to Baltimore during the 1995 NFL season . Subsequent legal actions by the city of Cleveland and Browns season ticket holders led to a compromise that saw the Browns history , records , and intellectual property remain in Cleveland , while Modell was permitted to move to Baltimore and establish the Baltimore Ravens , who are officially regarded as a 1996 expansion team . The city of Cleveland agreed to demolish Cleveland Stadium and build a new stadium on the same site , and the NFL agreed to reactivate the Browns by the 1999 season through either an expansion draft or a relocated franchise . The Browns were officially reactivated in 1998 through the expansion process and resumed play in 1999 . The compromise between Cleveland , the NFL , and Modell was a first in North American professional sports . The compromise has been cited in other franchise moves and agreements , including those in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) , National Hockey League ( NHL ) , Major League Soccer ( MLS ) , and Major League Baseball ( MLB ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "240774435a545023ba5e7201f76d0f53", "text": "AFL and NFL era competitive college drafts During the first seven years of existence ( 1960 -- 1966 ) of the American Football League ( AFL , 1960 -- 1969 ) , the AFL and the NFL held separate , competing drafts for college football talent . These drafts were conducted differently in each league , with the AFL , as a new league , starting its existence with the 1960 AFL draft that was actually held in December , 1959 and had 33 rounds . Each AFL team had `` territorial rights '' to players from its general region for a `` bonus '' draft selection , so that teams could sign players who were known to their fans . These were not `` picked '' as such , but agreed on by consensus . The 1960 AFL draft proceeded with teams selecting by lot and player position , e.g. , each team selected quarterbacks from the available list , then running backs , etc. . These were not listed in order of selection , but alphabetically in two groups called `` First Selections '' and `` Second Selections '' by each team . Minneapolis-Saint Paul was originally included in the AFL draft on November 22 , 1959 . When the Minneapolis-Saint Paul owners reneged on their agreement to join the AFL and jumped to the NFL , some of the remaining AFL teams signed several players from the deserters ' draft list . To compensate for this , after the Oakland Raiders ' AFL franchise was granted , an allocation draft was held , to permit the Raiders to stock their team with players from the other seven AFL teams . The established NFL held drafts more similar to the present day , in which the team with the worst record from the previous year selected first , and the reigning league champion selected last . Starting in 1961 , the AFL also followed this procedure . Because of the competition between the leagues , unlike today 's drafts , they were held soon after the end of the football season in each league , often before the college bowls were over . Many players , such as LSU 's Billy Cannon signed pro contracts `` under the goalposts '' at bowl games ; and in the College East-West Game and other all-star college bowls , many players wore the helmets of the professional team that they had signed with . The AFL was at a disadvantage in name-recognition with the established NFL , but contrary to common belief , during this period , its franchises signed a significant number of stars away from the older league . These included Cannon , as well as eventual Hall of Famers Lance Alworth , Buck Buchanan , Jim Otto , Billy Shaw , and Nick Buoniconti , and such standouts as Matt Snell , Tom Sestak , Charley Hennigan , Abner Haynes , Johnny Robinson and many others . Category : American Football League draft Category : National Football League Draft", "title": "" }, { "docid": "344acb1ab2fe5743c4982fdcfee21af2", "text": "Stanley Park Stadium Stanley Park was a proposed football stadium in Stanley Park , Liverpool that if built , would have become home to Liverpool Football Club , replacing their current home ground Anfield . The stadium had a planned capacity of 60,000 ( potentially expandable to 73,000 ) all-seated . There were two designs that were given planning permission . One was designed by architects AFL with a capacity of 60,000 , the second was a more expensive futuristic design by Dallas-based architects HKS , which would originally seat 60,000 with capacity for further expansion to 73,000 . As of January 2012 only small site preparation work had been completed . A change in owners resulted in the plans for Stanley Park Stadium being reexamined . In October 2012 new owners Fenway Sports Group announced their decision to redevelop and expand the current club stadium Anfield ( in a similar way that they redeveloped Fenway Park for the Boston Red Sox ) rather than proceed with the planned new stadium .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc18a3e3e1f43abe188f1c8186bebcdc", "text": "Slovak Football League The Slovak Football League ( Slovenská futbalová liga ) is a national American Football league in Slovakia . The league was founded in 2011 by the Slovak Association of American Football ; there are seven teams that compete in the league today .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ed45ddd6b8f910b08339d0e252381694", "text": "Association football in America Association football in America could mean :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "44b87290a9efa71c876a7c6db8ab03ad", "text": "National Football League regular season The National Football League ( NFL ) regular season begins the weekend after Labor Day in early September and ends in December or early January . It consists of 256 games , where each team ( 32 total ) plays 16 games during a 17-week period . Since 2012 , the NFL schedule generally has games in one of five time slots during the week . A game played on Thursday night , kicking off at 8:25 PM ( ET ) . The majority of games are played on Sunday , most kicking off at 1:00 PM ( ET ) , some late afternoon games starting at 4:05 or 4:25 PM ( ET ) . Additionally , one Sunday night game is played every week at 8:30 PM ( ET ) . One Monday night game then starts at 8:30 PM ( ET ) every week with the exception of the first week of the regular season , in which two Monday night games are played back-to-back ( the second game always occurring on the West coast ) , as well as the last week of the season , in which no Monday night game is held . In addition to these regularly scheduled games , there are occasionally games at other times , such as a Saturday afternoon or evening , or the annual Thanksgiving Day games in which three games are played . During the final week of the regular season , all games are held on Sunday . In place since 2006 , the current broadcasting contract establishes broadcast partners for each game . The Sunday afternoon games are broadcast either on CBS or Fox . CBS has the broadcast rights for teams in the American Football Conference while Fox has the rights for teams in the National Football Conference . In games where teams from both conferences play each other , the network with the broadcast rights for the `` away '' team will broadcast the game . In each local television market , three Sunday afternoon games are played . One of the two networks gets a doubleheader , while the other network has the right to broadcast a single game ; the networks alternate weeks when each has the right to the doubleheader . Doubleheader games are broadcast at 1:00 ( ET ) and 4:25 PM ( ET ) . The network with the single game will have an official kick-off time at either 1:00 PM ( ET ) or 4:05 PM ( ET ) . In addition to the regular Sunday afternoon games , there are three prime time games each week . The Thursday night game is broadcast by the NFL Network ( with , starting in 2016 , five of those Thursday games also being simulcast by CBS and another five on NBC ) . The Sunday night game is broadcast by NBC , while the Monday night game is broadcast by ESPN . The NFL uses a strict scheduling algorithm to determine which teams play each other from year to year , based on the current division alignments and the final division standings from the previous season . The current formula has been in place since 2002 , the last year that the NFL expanded its membership . Generally , each team plays the other three teams in its own division twice , all four teams from a single division in the AFC once , all four teams from a single division in the NFC once , and two additional intraconference games based on the standings from the previous season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7706353a69e60d9b59b3d0e2f7155ff8", "text": "List of sports rivalries A sports rivalry is intense competition between athletic teams or athletes . This pressure of competition is felt by players , coaches , and management , but is perhaps felt strongest by the fans . The intensity of the rivalry varies from a friendly competition on one end to serious violence on the other that , in one case ( the Football War ) , was suggested to have led to military conflicts . Owners typically encourage rivalries as they tend to improve game attendance and television ratings for rivalry matches , but a rivalry that gets out of control can lead to fighting , hooliganism , rioting and some , with career-ending or even fatal consequences . Rivalries stem from various sources . Simple geographic proximity as well as frequent meetings in important games can lead to rivalries . Games between two rivals of close geographical proximity are usually called a local derby , or simply just derby ( UK : -LSB- 'd ɑrbi -RSB- or US : -LSB- ˈdɜrbi -RSB- ) ; a sporting fixture between two teams from the same town , city or region , particularly in association football . The phrase most likely originated from The Derby , a horse race in England , founded by the 12th Earl of Derby in 1780 , since at least as early as 1840 ` derby ' has been used as a noun in English to denote any kind of sporting contest . In the United States , the term crosstown rivalry is more commonly encountered for this type of rivalry . The town of Derby was renowned as the site of a chaotic and exuberant game that involved the whole town and often resulted in fatalities . The goals were at Nuns Mill in the north and the Gallows Balk in the south of the town , and much of the action took place in the River Derwent or the Markeaton Brook . Nominally the players came from All Saints ' and St Peter 's parishes , but in practice the game was a free-for-all with as many as 1,000 players . A Frenchman who observed the match in 1829 wrote in horror , ` if Englishmen call this play , it would be impossible to say what they call fighting ' . The traditional Shrovetide football match is commonplace in the town of Ashbourne , Derbyshire . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18e5265c7032f671199bf9518a019ddb", "text": "Baltimore Ravens The Baltimore Ravens are a professional American football team based in Baltimore , Maryland . The Ravens compete in the National Football League ( NFL ) as a member club of the American Football Conference ( AFC ) North division . The team plays its home games at M&T Bank Stadium and is headquartered in Owings Mills . The Ravens were established in 1996 , when Art Modell , who was then the owner of the Cleveland Browns , announced plans to relocate the franchise from Cleveland to Baltimore . As part of a settlement between the league and the city of Cleveland , Modell was required to leave the Browns ' history and records in Cleveland for a replacement team and replacement personnel that would take control in 1999 . In return , he was allowed to take his own personnel and team to Baltimore , where such personnel would then form an expansion team . The Ravens have been one of the more successful franchises since their inception , having qualified for the NFL playoffs ten times since 2000 , with two Super Bowl victories ( Super Bowl XXXV and Super Bowl XLVII ) , two AFC Championship titles ( 2000 and 2012 ) , 15 playoff victories , four AFC Championship game appearances ( 2000 , 2008 , 2011 and 2012 ) , four AFC North division titles ( 2003 , 2006 , 2011 and 2012 ) , and are currently the only team in the NFL to hold a perfect record in multiple Super Bowl and Thanksgiving Day appearances . The Ravens organization has been led by general manager Ozzie Newsome since 1996 , and has had three head coaches : Ted Marchibroda , Brian Billick , and John Harbaugh . With a record-breaking defensive unit in their 2000 season , the team established a reputation for relying on strong defensive play , led by players like middle linebacker Ray Lewis , who , until his retirement , was considered the `` face of the franchise . '' The team is owned by Steve Bisciotti and valued at $ 1.5 billion , making the Ravens the 24th-most valuable sports franchise in the world .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "83fe59fc66f338546ea39fe3a58cddd1", "text": "Miami FC Miami FC is an American professional soccer team based in Miami , Florida . They began play in the North American Soccer League , the second tier of the American soccer pyramid , in the 2016 season . They play home games at Riccardo Silva Stadium .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "08baa60b718ba72173ee1a14856bf488", "text": "National Football League Management Council The National Football League Management Council is a non-profit association of clubs in the National Football League ( NFL ) that represents its members in negotiations related to the Collective Bargaining Agreement with the NFL Players Association . It is based in New York City and its chairman is the NFL Executive Vice President of Labor Relations , Harold Henderson .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7aadba8b89158a569e52006220cfe3cd", "text": "Everton F.C. Everton F.C. -LSB- ˈɛvərtən -RSB- is a football club in Liverpool , England , that currently competes in the Premier League , the top flight of English football . The club have competed in the top division for a record 114 seasons and won the League Championship nine times , and the FA Cup five times . Formed in 1878 , Everton were founding members of The Football League in 1888 and won their first League Championship two seasons later . Following four League Championship and two FA Cup wins , Everton experienced a lull in the immediate post World War Two period , until a revival in the 1960s , which saw the club win two League Championships and an FA Cup . The mid-1980s represented their most recent period of sustained success , with two League Championships , an FA Cup , and the 1985 European Cup Winners ' Cup . The club 's most recent major trophy was the 1995 FA Cup . The club 's supporters are known as Evertonians . Everton have a rivalry with neighbours Liverpool , and the two sides contest the Merseyside derby . The club have been based at Goodison Park in Walton , Liverpool , since 1892 , after moving from Anfield following a row over its rent . The club 's home colours are royal blue shirts with white shorts and socks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c1563924bf6d2846e4bf0ffcd9dbcce4", "text": "2001 NFL season The 2001 NFL season was the 82nd regular season of the National Football League ( NFL ) . In the wake of the September 11 attacks , the NFL 's week 2 games ( September 16 -- 17 ) were postponed and re-scheduled to the weekend of January 6 -- 7 . In order to retain the full playoff format , all playoff games , including Super Bowl XXXVI , were re-scheduled one week later . The New England Patriots won the Super Bowl , defeating the St. Louis Rams 20 -- 17 at the Louisiana Superdome .", "title": "" } ]	fever
132daa7b2f200039e9f39bbc26ac6873	Ivanka Trump is the daughter of a person.	[ { "docid": "d0e6ee8435880c391cb94550787039d8", "text": "Ivanka Trump Ivanka Marie Trump ( -LSB- iˈvɑːŋkə -RSB- born October 30 , 1981 ) is an American businesswoman and former fashion model who is currently assistant to President Donald Trump . She is the daughter of the president and his first wife , former model Ivana Trump . Trump has been an executive vice president of her father 's company -- The Trump Organization -- as well as serving as a boardroom advisor on her father 's TV show The Apprentice . She moved to Washington , D.C in January 2017 as her husband , Jared Kushner , was appointed as a Senior Advisor to the President of the United States by her father . Starting in late March 2017 , Trump began serving in her father 's administration as assistant to the president . She assumed this official , unpaid federal government position after multiple ethics concerns were raised about her access to sensitive material while not being held to the same ethics restrictions as a federal employee . She is considered part of her father 's inner circle .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "6cbb86173ce7910cbaa4674ebfa9f6b2", "text": "Kevin C. Newsom Kevin Christopher Newsom ( born September 22 , 1972 ) is an American attorney who has been announced by President Donald Trump as a nominee to a seat on the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "53a377dcf1d34a7d11a972038757beef", "text": "Mark Rockefeller Mark Fitler Rockefeller ( born 1967 ) is a fourth-generation member of the Rockefeller family . He is the younger son of former U.S. Vice President Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller ( 1908 -- 1979 ) and Happy Rockefeller . Rockefeller was Chairman of the Board of Directors of the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation in 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d3f2105a103031eaf84084aeb6c7926", "text": "Trump Vodka Trump Vodka was an American brand of vodka produced by The Trump Organization at the behest of its owner Donald Trump . The brand was launched in the United States in 2005 , but ceased production under the Trump name in 2011 when it failed to meet the required threshold for distribution . However , it is still sold in Israel , especially around the Jewish holiday of Passover .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f3127b93b198315b619300de71f092c9", "text": "Residences of Donald Trump U.S. President Donald Trump currently has seven residences . During his time at the New York Military Academy , he lived on campus ; he later rented row houses in college . In 1971 , Trump moved to a studio on 75th Street in Manhattan . Since the completion of Trump Tower in 1983 , Trump has lived in a three-level penthouse on the top floors . He purchased the Seven Springs mansion in Bedford , New York in 1995 . Upon Trump 's election to the US presidency , he moved into the White House in Washington , D.C. while First Lady Melania and their son will stay at Trump Tower in Manhattan until the end of the school year before moving to the White House as well .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fd4ffeeb94c8313d05e722f40b485129", "text": "Lizzie Grubman Elizabeth Grubman ( born January 30 , 1971 ) is an American publicist , manager and socialite . She is the daughter of entertainment lawyer Allen Grubman and his first wife , the late Yvette Grubman . In 2002 , Grubman served 38 days in jail for an incident where she backed a Mercedes SUV into a crowd , injuring 16 people .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d70d6096bc014d9898cddcd691b97f1c", "text": "E. Pierce Marshall Everett Pierce Marshall ( January 12 , 1939 -- June 20 , 2006 ) was an American businessman and a son of J. Howard Marshall II . According to a Dallas Morning News article , he was a very private man , but became known due to defending the long-running legal dispute from his father 's third wife , Anna Nicole Smith .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0e2611f5a5d96518055ce11644b7638b", "text": "White House Deputy Chief of Staff The White House Deputy Chief of Staff is officially the top aide to the White House Chief of Staff , who is the senior aide to the President of the United States . The Deputy Chief of Staff usually has an office in the West Wing and is responsible for ensuring the smooth running of the White House bureaucracy , as well as such other duties as the Chief of Staff assigns to him or her . In some administrations , there are multiple deputy chiefs with different duties . In the Trump administration , there are two current Deputy Chiefs of Staff : Joe Hagin , Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations Rick Dearborn , Deputy Chief of Staff for Policy Implementation Katie Walsh was Deputy Chief of Staff until March 30 , 2017 . Six Deputy Chiefs of Staff were subsequently promoted to become Chief of Staff : Dick Cheney , Ken Duberstein , Andrew Card , Erskine Bowles , John Podesta , and Joshua Bolten .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c30a3b2d5632a1d625b9e10eb645158e", "text": "Luci Baines Johnson Luci Baines Johnson ( born July 2 , 1947 ) is an American businesswoman and philanthropist . She is the younger daughter of U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson and his wife , former First Lady Lady Bird Johnson .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e8f63750a07cdbab89f71c20e3e5c2ba", "text": "Deana Martin Deana Martin ( born August 19 , 1948 ) is an American singer , actress , author , performer and daughter of well-known entertainer , Dean Martin .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a81e09293c7fe0a6c6213284db390ebd", "text": "List of presidential trips made by Donald Trump This is a list of presidential trips made by Donald Trump as the 45th President of the United States . This list excludes trips made within Washington , D.C. , the U.S. federal capital in which the White House , the official residence and principal workplace of the President , is located . Also excluded are trips to Camp David , the country residence of the President , and to the private home of the Trump family in Trump Tower , New York City . International trips are included .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1b53333990f2a7778bd985ada5e10b30", "text": "United States presidential election, 2016 The United States presidential election of 2016 was the 58th quadrennial American presidential election , held on Tuesday , November 8 , 2016 . The Republican ticket of businessman Donald Trump and Indiana Governor Mike Pence defeated the Democratic ticket of former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton and U.S. Senator from Virginia Tim Kaine . Trump took office as the 45th President , and Pence as the 48th Vice President , on January 20 , 2017 . Concurrent with the presidential election , Senate , House , and many gubernatorial and state and local elections were also held on November 8 . Voters selected members of the Electoral College in each state , in most cases by `` winner-takes-all '' plurality ; those state electors in turn voted for a new president and vice president on December 19 , 2016 . While Clinton received about million more votes nationwide , a margin of % , Trump won 30 states worth a total of 306 electors , or 57 % of the 538 available . He won the perennial swing states of Florida , North Carolina , Ohio , and Iowa , as well as Clinton 's `` blue wall '' states of Michigan , Pennsylvania and Wisconsin , which had been Democratic strongholds in presidential elections for decades . Leading up to the election , a Trump victory was considered unlikely by almost all media forecasts . In the Electoral College vote on December 19 , seven electors voted against their pledged candidates : two against Trump and five against Clinton . A further three electors attempted to vote against Clinton but were replaced or forced to vote again . Ultimately , Trump received 304 electoral votes and Clinton garnered 227 , while Colin Powell won three , and John Kasich , Ron Paul , Bernie Sanders , and Faith Spotted Eagle each received one . Trump is the fifth person in U.S. history to become president while losing the nationwide popular vote . He is the first president without any prior experience in public service or the military , as well as the wealthiest and the oldest at inauguration , while Clinton was the first woman to be the presidential nominee of a major party and the first woman to win the popular vote . This was the first time since the 1984 re-election of Ronald Reagan that Wisconsin voted for a Republican , and the first time since 1988 that the Republican nominee won the states of Pennsylvania and Michigan , as well as Maine 's second congressional district . It was also the first time since the 1828 election of Andrew Jackson that an electoral vote split occurred in Maine . On January 6 , 2017 , the United States government 's intelligence agencies concluded that the Russian government interfered in the 2016 United States elections . A joint U.S. intelligence review stated with high confidence that `` Russian President Vladimir Putin ordered an influence campaign in 2016 aimed at the US presidential election . Russia 's goals were to undermine public faith in the US democratic process , denigrate Secretary Clinton , and harm her electability and potential presidency . '' Investigations about potential collusion between the Trump campaign and Russian officials were started by the FBI , the Senate Intelligence Committee and the House Intelligence Committee . Donald Trump has criticized these conclusions by citing a lack of evidence , calling it a `` hoax '' and `` fake news , '' stating in a tweet : `` The Russia-Trump collusion story is a total hoax , when will this taxpayer funded charade end ? ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "88c9fda7f80e72194f0e2890d6e48a8d", "text": "Sarah Huckabee Sanders Sarah Elizabeth Huckabee Sanders ( born August 13 , 1982 ) is an American political aide , currently serving as Principal Deputy White House Press Secretary . She is the daughter of former governor of Arkansas and presidential candidate Mike Huckabee , and former Arkansas first lady Janet Huckabee .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6aa754c4a7b8a9dee25c7f08d4a51fc1", "text": "Louis R. Cappelli Louis R. Cappelli ( born c. 1951 ) is an American businessman . He is an active real estate developer , mostly in Westchester County , New York . Cappelli has constructed , designed and developed more than twenty million square feet of mixed use , retail , residential , office , medical and parking facilities throughout the northeast , with a portfolio value exceeding $ 3 billion . His firm , Cappelli Enterprises , operates out of Valhalla , New York . Cappelli graduated with a Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering in 1973 from Notre Dame University . Cappelli has had an integral role in reviving the downtown districts of New Rochelle and White Plains with his targeted large scale mixed-use developments . Between 2001 and 2008 , Cappelli developed White Plains City Center , Trump Plaza New Rochelle , The Ritz-Carlton Hotel in White Plains , The Residences at The Ritz-Carlton , Westchester , The Lofts at New Roc , Trump Parc Stamford , and Trump Park Residences in Yorktown . Cappelli Enterprises has also received approvals for The Ritz Carlton Hotel and Residences in Stamford , Connecticut as well for River Park Center , a 4000000 sqft mixed use development in the heart of downtown Yonkers . Cappelli 's father , Luca Cappelli , founded the company 's predecessor real estate and development businesses from scratch ( portions of which were sold to Reckson Properties ) . Cappelli 's son is a vice president within his organization . Cappelli is the second largest stockholder in Empire Resorts which operates the Monticello Racetrack and racino . Cappelli is also currently in the process of building a casino with Mohegan Sun on the site of the Concord Resort Hotel ( estimated cost between $ 600 million and $ 700 million in Phase I , and over $ 1 billion in total ) . It is slated to be one of the largest development projects in the history of upstate New York . Cappelli is married to actress Kylie Travis . Not to be confused with Louis J. Cappelli ( born 1931 ) , chairman of Sterling Bancorp. .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "08aacc21d93da0de2b53d7f5d22dec88", "text": "Meghan McCain Meghan Marguerite McCain ( born October 23 , 1984 ) is an American columnist , author , Fox News host and contributor , and blogger . She is the daughter of 2008 presidential nominee and long-time U.S. Senator John McCain and Cindy Hensley McCain . McCain first received media attention in 2007 for her blog , McCain Blogette , on which she documented life on the campaign trail and mused about fashion , music , and pop culture . In 2009 , she became a contributing author for The Daily Beast , and in 2011 , began appearing as a contributor on MSNBC . In 2013 , she began hosting on the start-up Pivot channel and in 2014 assumed the co-host role on Pivot 's TakePart Live until that show was canceled later in the year . In July 2015 , McCain joined Premiere Networks as host of the nationally syndicated radio program America Now . McCain also signed on as a FOX News contributor in July 2015 , and was officially named a regular co-host of the afternoon talk program Outnumbered on November 14 , 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a12d8a1332d1d895aa52ef1052df186", "text": "Princess Eugenie of York Princess Eugenie of York ( -LSB- ˈjuːʒəni -RSB- Eugenie Victoria Helena ; born 23 March 1990 ) is the younger daughter of Prince Andrew , Duke of York , and of Sarah , Duchess of York . She is eighth in line to succeed her grandmother , Queen Elizabeth II . In 2015 , she started working for the Hauser & Wirth art gallery in London as an associate director .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "53c2e445af384baa6345feb74bda367f", "text": "Humayun Khan (soldier) Humayun Saqib Muazzam Khan ( September 9 , 1976June 8 , 2004 ) was an American soldier . Born in the United Arab Emirates to Pakistani parents , he moved to the U.S. with his family as a young boy . He attended the University of Virginia , where he was a member of the Army Reserve Officers ' Training Corps . Upon graduating in 2000 , Khan was commissioned an officer in the United States Army and was deployed as a captain to Iraq during the Iraq War . In 2004 he was killed in a suicide attack near Baqubah , Iraq , and was posthumously awarded a Purple Heart and Bronze Star . Khan 's name came to national attention during the 2016 presidential campaign as an example of Muslim Americans serving in the military . At the 2016 Democratic National Convention , his father Khizr Khan , standing at the podium with his wife ( and Humayun 's mother ) Ghazala , delivered a speech condemning U.S. presidential candidate Donald Trump 's statements on Muslims .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ec209f6708ad08badef4203efae183cf", "text": "Prince Michael of Kent Prince Michael of Kent , ( Michael George Charles Franklin ; born 4 July 1942 ) is a paternal first cousin of Queen Elizabeth II , being a grandson of King George V and Queen Mary . Prince Michael occasionally represents the Queen at some functions in Commonwealth realms outside the United Kingdom . Otherwise , he manages his own consultancy business and undertakes various commercial work around the world . He has also presented some television documentaries on the royal families of Europe . He is named after Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich of Russia , the younger brother of Tsar Nicholas II of Russia , and a first cousin of three of Michael 's grandparents . Since his mother was a cousin of Prince Philip , he is also a second cousin to Prince Charles and his siblings .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "39f7fe2b113b658cbfbc4300bee42c02", "text": "Donald L. Trump Donald Lynn `` Skip '' Trump ( born July 31 , 1945 , in Greencastle , Indiana ) is an American oncologist who has been the director of the Inova Schar Cancer Institute in Falls Church , Virginia since January 2015 . He is not related to U.S. President Donald Trump .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "57cd58eeadbdcea49fdd99caa427baf0", "text": "John G. Trump John George Trump ( August 21 , 1907 -- February 21 , 1985 ) was an American electrical engineer , inventor , and physicist . He was a recipient of U.S. President Ronald Reagan 's National Medal of Science , and a member of the National Academy of Engineering . John Trump was noted for developing rotational radiation therapy . Together with Robert J. Van de Graaff , he developed one of the first million-volt X-ray generators . He was the paternal uncle of Donald Trump .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7f57583a1204ffb9fb260591f3f75485", "text": "Hillary Clinton email controversy In March 2015 , it became publicly known that Hillary Clinton , during her tenure as United States Secretary of State , had used her family 's private email server for official communications , rather than official State Department email accounts maintained on federal servers . Those official communications included thousands of emails that would retroactively be marked classified by the State Department . The controversy unfolded against the backdrop of Clinton 's 2016 presidential election campaign and hearings held by the United States House Select Committee on Benghazi . Some experts , officials , and members of Congress have contended that her use of private messaging system software and a private server violated State Department protocols and procedures , as well as federal laws and regulations governing recordkeeping . In response , Clinton has said that her use of personal email was in compliance with federal laws and State Department regulations , and that former secretaries of state had also maintained personal email accounts , though not their own private email servers . After allegations were raised that some of the emails in question contained classified information , the Federal Bureau of Investigation ( FBI ) initiated an investigation regarding the origin and handling of classified emails on Clinton 's server . The FBI Report found that some of the emails originated in five other intelligence agencies . The FBI found that all classified emails on Clinton 's server were stored and sent from `` unclassified systems '' , violating the same policies as those on Clinton 's personal server . FBI Director James Comey identified 110 emails as containing information that was classified at the time it was sent , including 65 emails deemed `` Secret '' and 22 deemed `` Top Secret '' . None of these had classification markings . However , as noted in Clinton 's non-disclosure agreement , unmarked classified information should be treated the same as marked classified information . An additional three email chains contained `` portion markings '' , simply a '' ( C ) '' indicating `` Confidential '' in front of one or more paragraphs . These were not included in Comey 's list of 110 because the State Department failed to confirm they were classified at the time they were sent . Clinton told the FBI she did not know the meaning of '' ( C ) '' . Nearly 2,100 emails on the server were retroactively marked as classified by the State Department . In May 2016 , the State Department 's Office of the Inspector General released an 83-page report about the State Department 's email practices , including Clinton 's . On July 5 , 2016 , Comey announced that the FBI 's investigation had concluded that Clinton was `` extremely careless '' in handling her email system but recommended that no charges be filed against her . On July 6 , 2016 , Attorney General Loretta Lynch announced that no charges would be filed . On July 7 , the State Department reopened its probe into the email controversy . On October 28 , 2016 , Comey notified Congress that the FBI had started looking into newly discovered emails that may be pertinent to the case . Law enforcement officials stated the emails were found on a laptop belonging to Clinton aide Huma Abedin 's husband , Anthony Weiner , during an investigation of his sexting scandals . On November 6 , Comey notified Congress that the FBI had not changed its conclusion , reached in July , regarding Clinton 's emails .", "title": "" } ]	fever
26eb8783f413f842e1ecafa6e94d1bf7	Central New York is dominated by the Finger Lakes.	[ { "docid": "29d07fb8d2af397f78035c7bde1988db", "text": "New York New York is a state in the northeastern United States , and is the 27th-most extensive , fourth-most populous , and seventh-most densely populated U.S. state . New York is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south and Connecticut , Massachusetts , and Vermont to the east . The state has a maritime border in the Atlantic Ocean with Rhode Island , east of Long Island , as well as an international border with the Canadian provinces of Quebec to the north and Ontario to the northwest . The state of New York , with an estimated 19.8 million residents in 2015 , is also referred to as New York State to distinguish it from New York City , the state 's most populous city and its economic hub . With an estimated population of 8.55 million in 2015 , New York City is the most populous city in the United States and the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States . The New York Metropolitan Area is one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world . New York City is a global city , exerting a significant impact upon commerce , finance , media , art , fashion , research , technology , education , and entertainment , its fast pace defining the term New York minute . The home of the United Nations Headquarters , New York City is an important center for international diplomacy and has been described as the cultural , financial , and media capital of the world , as well as the world 's most economically powerful city . New York City makes up over 40 % of the population of New York State . Two-thirds of the state 's population lives in the New York City Metropolitan Area , and nearly 40 % lives on Long Island . Both the state and New York City were named for the 17th-century Duke of York , future King James II of England . The next four most populous cities in the state are Buffalo , Rochester , Yonkers , and Syracuse , while the state capital is Albany . New York has a diverse geography . The southern part of the state consists of Long Island and several smaller associated islands , as well as New York City and the lower Hudson River Valley , most of which lie within the wider Atlantic Coastal Plain . The large region known as Upstate New York consists of several ranges of the wider Appalachian Mountains , including the Allegheny Plateau and Catskills along New York 's Southern Tier , and the Adirondack Mountains , Thousand Islands archipelago , and Saint Lawrence Seaway in the Northeastern lobe of the state . These more mountainous regions are bisected by two major river valleys -- the north-south Hudson River Valley and the east-west Mohawk River Valley , which forms the core of the Erie Canal . Western New York is considered part of the Great Lakes Region and straddles Lake Ontario and Lake Erie . Between the two lakes lies Niagara Falls . The central part of the state is dominated by the Finger Lakes , a popular vacation and tourist destination . New York had been inhabited by tribes of Algonquian and Iroquoian-speaking Native Americans for several hundred years by the time the earliest Europeans came to New York . The first Europeans to arrive were French colonists and Jesuit missionaries who arrived southward from settlements at Montreal for trade and proselytizing . In 1609 , the region was claimed by Henry Hudson for the Dutch , who built Fort Nassau in 1614 at the confluence of the Hudson and Mohawk rivers , where the present-day capital of Albany later developed . The Dutch soon also settled New Amsterdam and parts of the Hudson Valley , establishing the colony of New Netherland , a multicultural community from its earliest days and a center of trade and immigration . The British annexed the colony from the Dutch in 1664 . The borders of the British colony , the Province of New York , were similar to those of the present-day state . Many landmarks in New York are well known to both international and domestic visitors , with New York State hosting four of the world 's ten most-visited tourist attractions in 2013 : Times Square , Central Park , Niagara Falls ( shared with Ontario ) , and Grand Central Terminal . New York is home to the Statue of Liberty , a symbol of the United States and its ideals of freedom , democracy , and opportunity . In the 21st century , New York has emerged as a global node of creativity and entrepreneurship , social tolerance , and environmental sustainability . New York 's higher education network comprises approximately 200 colleges and universities , including Columbia University , Cornell University , New York University , and Rockefeller University , which have been ranked among the top 35 in the world .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "af278fdc406a3fc6b747c8136d92a136", "text": "Mohawk Towpath Scenic Byway The Mohawk Towpath Scenic Byway is a National Scenic Byway in the Capital District region of New York in the United States . It extends from Schenectady to Waterford by way of a series of local , county , and state highways along the Mohawk River and the Erie Canal . The byway is intended to showcase the history of the waterway , from Native American times through the creation of the Erie Canal and the role the waterside communities played in the Industrial Revolution and the westward expansion of the United States . At its east end , the byway connects to the Lakes to Locks Passage , an All-American Road .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0113dcd279705361b65e92d8bedbef63", "text": "Farmers' Market (New York City) There are over 50 farmer 's markets in New York City in all boroughs , which operate under GrowNYC under the `` Greenmarket '' name . GrownNYC 's food hub , `` Greenmarket , '' includes Greenmarket Co. , Youthmarket , Fresh Food Box , and the Wholesale Greenmarket under it 's programming . Greenmarket farmers market aims to encourage regional agriculture by allowing small family farms to sell their locally grown fruits , vegetables , flowers , dairy and other products , so that people in New York of all incomes and in all parts , have access to the fresh , nutritious , provincial , affordable and sustainable goods . GrownNYC 's network , Greenmarket Co. has customers that range from Michelin starred restaurants , popular food retailers to family run bodegas , senior centers and soap kitchens ; and their sources are not only from small to mid sized farms in Northeast region of New York State and New York City but also from farms in New Jersey , Pennsylvania and New England , providing New Yorkers with a bountiful and diverse array of fresh foods ☂ . One well-known farmer 's market in New York is the Union Square Greenmarket which was founded in 1976 , held year-round on Mondays , Wednesdays , Fridays and Saturdays with changing vendors on different days . The number of regional farmers , fishers , and bakers go as high as 140 during the most popular seasons , when the market is visited by food-enthusiast New Yorkers . Union square farmers market offers seasonal , fresh fruits and vegetables , artisanal cheeses , meats , breads , pickles , jams , wines , flowers amongst many others . The market is situated at the city 's one of the most vibrant locations and allows about 60,000 people to shop , taste and tour while meeting with farmers", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8ef83058ce31d6165040f8299d3838a7", "text": "Northern Cities Vowel Shift The Northern Cities Vowel Shift ( or simply Northern Cities Shift ) is a chain shift in the sounds of some regional American English vowels , and the defining accent feature of Inland Northern American English , heavily centering on the Great Lakes region , though also variably found to some degree in Upper Midwest American English and Southwestern New England English . The name of the shift comes from the region where it occurs , a broad swath of the United States along the Great Lakes , beginning some 50 mi west of Albany and extending west through Utica , Syracuse , Rochester , Buffalo , Cleveland , Detroit , Flint , Chicago , Milwaukee , Madison , and north to Green Bay .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cdec8f837ddf3f2f25a91aaf87830371", "text": "Seaway Trail Discovery Center The Seaway Trail Discovery Center is a museum located in Sackets Harbor , New York that offers a wide range of exhibits about the culture and heritage of the Great Lakes Seaway Trail and surrounding regions . The Seaway Trail is a 504 mi National Scenic Byway in the United States , mostly in New York but with a small segment in Pennsylvania . The museum is located in the historic Union Hotel and was opened in July 2000 by the New York State Office of Parks , Recreation and Preservation to provide visitors with an overview of the Seaway Trail , the State 's only scenic byway . It includes exhibits on the history , architecture and natural resources of St. Lawrence , Jefferson , Oswego , Cayuga , Wayne , Monroe , Orleans , Niagara , Erie and Chautauqua counties , those that surround the Great Lakes . The Center 's exhibits also focused on the region 's 27 historic lighthouses , local battles during the War of 1812 , and famous residents including : Susan B. Anthony , Frederic Remington and George Eastman . In addition to historical exhibits , the Center also features exhibits and lectures with content that applies to the daily lives and residents of the region . Federal funding allows the center to contribute to and help develop the counties it serves . The Center is one of the few attractions in the North Country that is open year-round and believe that doing so helps extend the tourism season in the region . As of 2004 , the Center received more than 20,000 visitors each year . Its work is believed to contribute to providing visitors with a greater understanding of how its agricultural heritage shaped the region and allow residents to understand how heritage tourism can help develop and grow the region .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "873770115713e5e88893a94c842f6dac", "text": "Ithaca (town), New York Ithaca is a town in Tompkins County , New York , United States . The town 's population was 19,930 at the 2010 census . The town is in the central part of the county , in the Finger Lakes -- Southern Tier region of New York , and is part of the Ithaca Metropolitan Statistical Area . The Town of Ithaca is a horseshoe-shaped portion of the metropolitan area of Ithaca , New York , surrounding the City of Ithaca and being the city 's only border .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "225bdff6c5a7db27476effa6466a05b4", "text": "North River (Hudson River) North River is an alternate name for the southernmost portion of the Hudson River in the vicinity of New York City and northeastern New Jersey in the United States . The colonial name for the entire Hudson was given to it by the Dutch in the early seventeenth century , the term fell out of general use for most of the river 's 300 + mile course during the early 1900s . However it still retains currency as an alternate or additional name among local mariners and others as well as appearing on some nautical charts and maps . The term is used for infrastructure on and under the river , such as the North River piers , North River Tunnels , and the North River Wastewater Treatment Plant . At different times `` North River '' has referred to the entire Hudson ; the approximate 160-mile portion of the Hudson below its confluence with the Mohawk River , which is under tidal influence ; the portion of it running between Manhattan and New Jersey ; and just the short length flowing between Lower Manhattan and Hudson County , New Jersey . Its history is strongly connected to New York Harbor 's shipping industry , which shifted primarily to Port Newark in the mid-20th century due to the construction of the Holland Tunnel and other river crossings and the advent of containerization . The names for the lower portion of the river appear to have remained interchangeable for centuries . In 1909 , construction of two tunnel projects was under way : one was called the North River Tunnels , the other , the Hudson Tubes . That year the Hudson-Fulton Celebration was held , commemorating Henry Hudson , the first European to record navigating the river , and Robert Fulton , the first man to use a paddle steamer in America , after their invention by the Marquis de Jouffroy d'Abbans in 1774 , named the North River Steamboat , to sail up it , leading to controversy over what the waterway should be called .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "44c9d45cefb509d8718d43db0aa11b37", "text": "Central Park Central Park is an urban park in Manhattan , New York City . Central Park is the most visited urban park in the United States , with 40 million visitors in 2013 , and one of the most filmed locations in the world . The park was established in 1857 on 778 acre of city-owned land . In 1858 , Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux , a landscape architect and an architect , respectively , won a design competition to improve and expand the park with a plan they titled the `` Greensward Plan '' . Construction began the same year and the park 's first area was opened to the public in the winter of 1858 . Construction continued during the American Civil War farther north , and was expanded to its current size of 843 acre in 1873 . Central Park was designated a National Historic Landmark by the U.S. Department of the Interior in 1962 , which in April 2017 placed it on the tentative list for UNESCO World Heritage sites . The park , managed for decades by the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation , is currently managed by the Central Park Conservancy under contract with the municipal government in a public-private partnership . The Conservancy is a non-profit organization that contributes 75 percent of Central Park 's $ 65 million annual budget and is responsible for all basic care of the 843-acre park .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3de8b1defa32f3a84b7730f6730f601", "text": "Wallkill Valley The Wallkill Valley is a broad valley extending through southeastern New York and northwestern New Jersey . It is composed of rolling hills , plains , and swamps ( including the Black Dirt Region ) surrounding the Wallkill River . The valley is a subdivision of the larger Hudson Valley , bound to the west by the Shawangunk Ridge/Kittatinny Mountains and to the east by the Marlboro Mountains and New York -- New Jersey Highlands . The northern Wallkill Valley is sometimes associated with the greater Catskills region , although it is geographically separated from the Catskill Mountains by the Shawangunk Ridge and Rondout Valley . In a broader sense , the Wallkill Valley is part of the Ridge-and-Valley physiographic province of the Appalachian Mountains , while the Catskills further to the north and west are part of the Appalachian Plateau .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7625d98a6492959e22598b39ef39cb77", "text": "Valparaiso Moraine The Valparaiso Moraine is a terminal moraine that forms an immense U around the Lake Michigan basin in North America . It is a band of high , hilly terrain made up of glacial till and sand . It begins near the border of Wisconsin and Illinois and extends south through Lake , McHenry , Cook , DuPage and Will counties in Illinois , and then turns southeast , entering Indiana . From this point , the moraine curves northeast through Lake , Porter , and LaPorte counties of Indiana into Michigan . It continues into Michigan as far as Montcalm County . It was formed during the Crown Point Phase of the Wisconsin glaciation . At this time the glacier covering the area had grown thin , so it was restrained by the dolomite rock layers of the Lake Michigan basin . Where the glacier stopped , glacial till and sand was deposited , creating the hills of the moraine . After the Valparaiso Moraine was formed , the glacier retreated and formed the Tinley Moraine . Many towns in northwest Indiana and northeast Illinois are named after the Valparaiso Moraine or the Tinley Moraine . Also , many small creeks or rivers start in the Valparaiso Moraine . The moraine itself was named after the city of Valparaiso , Indiana , where the moraine is narrower and higher than in other places . The Valparaiso Moraine forms part of the Saint Lawrence River Divide , bounding the Great Lakes Basin . Water on one side of the moraine flows into Lake Michigan , through the Great Lakes , and eventually into the Atlantic Ocean via the Saint Lawrence River , while water on the other side flows into tributaries of the Mississippi River , which eventually flows into the Gulf of Mexico .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d2a495faeda55b33d7d447409d2b544e", "text": "Lake Cities (train) The Lake Cities was a passenger train operated by the Erie Railroad and its successor -- the Erie Lackawanna Railway -- between Chicago , and Jersey City , and later , to Hoboken , New Jersey . The Lake Cities began in 1939 as the Midlander , a Jersey City-Chicago service with sections to Cleveland , Ohio , and Buffalo , New York . Unlike other New York-Chicago runs , it bypassed Buffalo to the south and ran through the Southern Tier of New York State . A few years before the Erie 's 1960 merger with the Delaware , Lackawanna and Western Railroad , the Lake Cities began running into the Hoboken Terminal in Hoboken , New Jersey , rather than the Erie 's Pavonia Terminal , in Jersey City . Between 1961 and 1962 , the train was known as the `` Chicago Lake Cities/Buffalo Lake Cities '' , but reverted to Lake Cities again . Sleeper service ended on October 28 , 1962 . In connection with the 1964 World 's Fair in New York , the Lake Cities was renamed The World 's Fair from April 26 until October 25 , 1964 . Originally routed via Port Jervis en route to Bingamton over the traditional Erie lines , by the latter part of the 1960s it was routed over the Lackwanna 's Poconos line after the elimination of the Phoebe Snow line in 1966 . On November 28 , 1966 , the Lake Cities regained diner and sleeper service to compensate for the withdrawal of the Phoebe Snow ( which had its final run the previous day ) , but by 1967 the sleeping service went no further west than Marion , Ohio , while the dining car stopped at Huntington , Indiana . The Erie Lackawanna withdrew the train on January 6 , 1970 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "73052663377d9a4c9c89ba6eb2e882e6", "text": "List of longest rivers of the United States (by main stem) The main stems of 38 rivers in the United States are at least 500 mi long . The main stem is `` the primary downstream segment of a river , as contrasted to its tributaries '' . The United States Geological Survey ( USGS ) defines a main-stem segment by listing coordinates for its two end points , called the source and the mouth . Well-known rivers like the Atchafalaya , Willamette , and Susquehanna are not included in this list because their main stems are shorter than 500 miles . Seven rivers in this list cross or form international boundaries . Two -- the Yukon and Columbia rivers -- begin in Canada and flow into the United States . Three -- the Milk and Saint Lawrence rivers and the Red River of the North -- begin in the United States and flow into Canada . Of these , only the Milk River crosses the international border twice , leaving and then re-entering the United States . Two rivers , the Colorado and the Rio Grande , begin in the United States and flow into or form a border with Mexico . In addition , the drainage basins of the Mississippi and Missouri rivers extend into Canada , and the basin of the Gila River extends into Mexico . Sources report hydrological quantities with varied precision . Biologist and author Ruth Patrick , describing a table of high-discharge U.S. rivers , wrote that data on discharge , drainage area , and length varied widely among authors whose works she consulted . `` It seems , '' she said , `` that the wisest course is to regard data tables such as the present one as showing the general ranks of rivers , and not to place too much importance on minor ( 10 -- 20 % ) differences in figures . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b6009a03bd910d712023e319573b5cd6", "text": "New River (Kanawha River) The New River , part of the Ohio River watershed , is about 360 mi ( 515 km ) long . The river flows through the U.S. states of North Carolina , Virginia , and West Virginia before joining with the Gauley River to form the Kanawha River at the town of Gauley Bridge , WV . Much of the river 's course through West Virginia is designated as the New River Gorge National River , and the New River is one of the nation 's American Heritage Rivers . In 1975 , North Carolina designated a 26.5 miles segment of the river as `` New River State Scenic River '' , by including it in the state 's Natural and Scenic Rivers System . The segment was added to the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System the following year . The origins of the name are unclear . Possibilities include being a new river that was not on the Fry-Jefferson map of Virginia , an Indian name meaning `` new waters '' , or the surname of an early settler . Despite its name , the New River is one of the five oldest rivers in the world geologically . This ancient river begins in the mountains of North Carolina near the Tennessee state line , flows generally northeastward across the Blue Ridge Mountains , Great Appalachian Valley , Ridge and Valley Province , and the Allegheny Front in western North Carolina and Virginia , before turning and following a more northwestward course into West Virginia , where it then cuts through the Appalachian Plateau ( in the New River Gorge ) to meet the Gauley River and become the Kanawha River in south-central West Virginia . The Kanawha then flows into the Ohio River at Point Pleasant , WV . Much of the river 's course is lined with steep cliffs and rock outcrops , particularly in its gorge in West Virginia . This low-level crossing of the Appalachians , many millions of years old , has long been a biogeographical corridor allowing numerous species of plants and animals to spread between the lowlands of the American East Coast and those of the Midwest ; other unusual kinds of plants occur on the gorge 's cliffs or rim-top ledges . Portions of this corridor are now also used by various railroads and highways , and some segments of the river have been dammed for hydroelectric power production . The New River Gorge is not only quite scenic , but also offers numerous opportunities for white-water recreation such as rafting and kayaking . Many open ledges along the rim of the gorge offer popular views , with favorites including Hawks Nest State Park and various overlooks on lands of the New River Gorge National River . Few highways cross the gorge , with the most dramatic bridge by far being the New River Gorge Bridge on U.S. 19 , a steel arch bridge spanning 1700 ft , with the roadway 876 ft above the average level of the river . This structure is the third-longest single-arch bridge in the world , and is also the world 's twelfth-highest vehicular bridge , and the fourth highest in the Americas . The New River Gorge and the U.S. 19 bridge crossing it are shown on the West Virginia State Quarter , minted in 2005 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a17c600dfec17dd9e4892ad41ef1c25b", "text": "Garden Peninsula The Garden Peninsula is a peninsula of 22 mi in length that extends southwestward into Lake Michigan from the mainland of Michigan 's Upper Peninsula . The peninsula is bordered by Lake Michigan on the east , and by Big Bay de Noc on the west . The base of the peninsula is served by U.S. Highway 2 , and the peninsula 's west shore is reached by M-183 . The largest settlement on the peninsula is Garden , Michigan . Many of the peninsula 's hardwoods were cut down for use in the charcoal-fired iron furnaces operated by the Jackson Iron Company in 1867 -- 1891 at what is now Fayette State Park , on the peninsula 's western shore . With its access to Great Lakes shipping , the remaining lumber of the Garden Peninsula was largely logged by the 1890s . After the conclusion of the old-growth logging era , homesteaders tried to develop an agricultural economy on the cleared land ; but these efforts largely failed in the 20th century , the main exceptions being fruit such as strawberries . Much of the peninsula reverted to second-growth woodland within the Lake Superior State Forest .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f61941bec27e915c93b8ae539f520918", "text": "Episcopal Diocese of Rochester The Episcopal Diocese of Rochester is the diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America with jurisdiction over eight counties in west central New York . It is bounded on the north by Lake Ontario , on the east by the Episcopal Diocese of Central New York , on the south by the Episcopal Diocese of Central Pennsylvania and on the west by the Episcopal Diocese of Western New York . It is in Province 2 and has no cathedral . Its diocesan offices are in Rochester .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "361a27e7549537ac1c90f80530d56c21", "text": "History of Minneapolis Minneapolis is the largest city by population in the U.S. state of Minnesota , and the county seat of Hennepin County . The origin and growth of the city was spurred by the proximity of Fort Snelling , the first major United States military presence in the area , and by its location on Saint Anthony Falls , which provided power for sawmills and flour mills . Fort Snelling was established in 1819 , at the confluence of the Mississippi and Minnesota Rivers , and soldiers began using the falls for waterpower . When land became available for settlement , two towns were founded on either side of the falls : Saint Anthony , on the east side , and Minneapolis , on the west side . The two towns later merged into one city in 1872 . Early development focused on sawmills , but flour mills eventually became the dominant industry . This industrial development fueled the development of railroads and banks , as well as the foundation of the Minneapolis Grain Exchange . Through innovations in milling techniques , Minneapolis became a world-leading center of flour production , earning the name `` Mill City '' . As the city grew , the culture developed through its churches , arts institutions , the University of Minnesota , and a famous park system designed by Theodore Wirth . Although the sawmills and the flour mills are long gone , Minneapolis remains a regional center in banking and industry . The two largest milling companies , General Mills and the Pillsbury Company , now merged under the General Mills name , still remain prominent in the Twin Cities area . The city has rediscovered the riverfront , which now hosts parkland , the Mill City Museum , and the Guthrie Theater .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5fdcdc1d7fe2ad321facaead9dd5f224", "text": "Clinton Lake (Illinois) Clinton Lake is a 4900 acre reservoir located near Clinton , Illinois . The lake is a part of the Clinton Lake State Recreation Area , which encompasses 9300 acre . Clinton Lake is located in the central part of the state . It was built in the 1970s as a cooling source for Clinton Nuclear Generating Station . The lake opened in 1978 . Clinton Lake is one of the best lakes for catfish , and other gamefish . Boating power is unrestricted on the main body of the lake , and the upper arm of the lake is reserved as a no-wake area and some limited areas are reserved for electric trolling motors . There are six boat launches on the lake , as well as one canoe launch . There is also a 1000 ft long white sand beach on the lake . Other activities at Clinton Lake include camping , boating , swimming , water skiing , fishing , hiking trails , pickniking , hunting , and winter sports . The various access and public use areas around Clinton Lake are collectively known as Clinton Lake State Recreation Area . Although fishing and other water sport activities have been the main attraction at this site , a diversity of other recreational activities are provided as well . Hunting ( by permit only ) , camping , picknicking , hiking and cross country ski facilities are also available . Snowmobiling is allowed if conditions are favorable . Horse owners may also make use of an equestrian trail . Clinton Lake is less than a 4-hour drive from Chicago and St. Louis . It is approximately 30 miles from , and centrally located between , the cities of Champaign , Bloomington , Decatur and Lincoln . Access from the north or south is facilitated by Interstates 57 and 55 as well as U.S. 51 , which passes within 10 miles of the lake . Interstates 72 and 74 provide access from the east or west . Illinois Route 10 , 54 and 48 provide a direct route to the lake . The sport fish community of Clinton Lake is composed of fishes common to central Illinois reservoirs : largemouth bass , bluegill , white crappie , black crappie , channel catfish , bullheads , flathead catfish , walleye , striped bass and hybrid striped bass . The Marina is located on the south shoreline of the Salt Creek area of Clinton Lake , between the towns of Lane and Weldon , and is accessible from Illinois Route 10 or DeWitt County Highway 14 . ( Information taken from the `` Illinois Department of Natural Resource 's CLINTON LAKE ACCESS AREAS AND FISHING GUIDE '' by Gary Lutterbie , March 2006 )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7d949a92ac61be81d5b280f641ee04d2", "text": "Lansing, New York Lansing ( -LSB- ˈlænsɪŋ -RSB- ) is a town in Tompkins County , New York , United States . The population was 11,033 at the 2010 census . The town is named after John Lansing . Settlers from Lansing were early residents of the then-township of Lansing , Michigan and named it after their hometown ; it would later become a city and the capital of Michigan . The Town of Lansing has within it a village named Lansing . The town is on the north border of the county , north of the City of Ithaca . In December 2014 , the Lansing Town Board unanimously adopted a resolution recognizing freedom from domestic violence as a fundamental human right .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a2f8355a4ee99b5ee3e6e25bc97f28d7", "text": "Central Alabama Central Alabama is the region in the state of Alabama that stretches 170 miles ( 270 km ) from its western border with Mississippi to the eastern border with Georgia and 136 miles ( 219 km ) from the northern border of Cullman County to the Alabama River in southern Autauga County . The region 's population was 1,870,970 as of 2008 . The Birmingham television market reaches approximately the same area . The Valley and Ridge Province of the Appalachians consist mainly of long , low ridges such as Red Mountain , Sand Mountain , Beaver Creek Mountain , Shades Mountain , and Coldwater Mountain in this region , and make impressive backdrops in the Greater Birmingham , Gadsden , and Anniston metropolitan areas . The easternmost part of Central Alabama around Anniston has the steepest mountains and highest elevations of the region . Coldwater Mountain and Mount Cheaha make up the highest of the mountain ridges that are located in the eastern portion of the region . The Coosa River divides the easternmost portion of the region from the central portion with the Birmingham area . The westernmost portion of Central Alabama is relatively a flat region with fertile black soil called the Black Belt . The Black Warrior River and its tributaries contribute to the fertile land of the area , and also serve as a demarcation line between the western and the central portions of the region . The central portion of Central Alabama varies from rugged in the east to flat in the west . Numerous valleys are scattered throughout this region between the mountain ridges including the densely populated Jones Valley and Shades Valley . Because the central portion is more rugged compared to the westernmost portion of Central Alabama , it is also the most flood-prone . Urban sprawl has exacerbated the risk of flooding by increasing the proportion of land covered by hard surfaces , leading to greater runoff during storms . The Black Warrior , Cahaba , and Coosa Rivers and their tributaries are among the many waterways that wind their way through the region . Other major waterways that run through the area include Choccolocco Creek , Shades Creek , and the Little Cahaba River . Large deposits of iron ore , limestone , and coal are chief among the plentiful mineral resources found in the region . The coincidence of these three in close proximity was a major incentive for the rapid development of industry in the Birmingham District after the American Civil War .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18b5df46035a5e7b221b3eba95cbfcff", "text": "Upper Hudson River Valley The northern portion of the Hudson River valley in Upstate New York , generally that region extending from the first town below the headwaters of the Hudson River at North River to the last substantive waterfall preventing the passage of vessels at Fort Edward . Downstream from Fort Edward , northbound boat traffic exits the Hudson River onto the Champlain Canal . The largest population center in the Upper Hudson River Valley is that of Glens Falls . Other towns include North Creek , Hadley , Lake Luzerne , Corinth , and Hudson Falls . The region is characterized by a series of small glens and valleys surrounded by the Adirondack Mountains on all sides . At Corinth the river deepens and widens as it approaches the `` big bend '' where Interstate 87 crosses near Glens Falls . Category : River valleys of the United States Category : Hudson River Category : Valleys of New York Category : Landforms of Warren County , New York Category : Landforms of Washington County , New York Category : Landforms of Saratoga County , New York", "title": "" }, { "docid": "db764c08afa06d622dfae0d625c241a1", "text": "Syracuse metropolitan area The Syracuse Metropolitan Statistical Area , as defined by the United States Census Bureau , is an area consisting of three counties in central New York , anchored by the city of Syracuse . As of the 2010 census , the MSA had a population of 662,577 . In the 2000 census , the MSA had a population of 650,154 .", "title": "" } ]	fever
2dd185231a0a38fef2bf4711a293f692	Gucci is part of a group.	[ { "docid": "b74bf79f1e3cf0bcd323d33c681314b2", "text": "Gucci Gucci ( -LSB- guːtʃi -RSB- -LSB- ˈɡuttʃi -RSB- ) is an Italian luxury brand of fashion and leather goods , part of the Gucci Group , which is owned by the French holding company Kering . Gucci was founded by Guccio Gucci in Florence in 1921 . Gucci generated about $ 4.2 billion in revenue worldwide in 2008 according to BusinessWeek and climbed to 41st position in the magazine 's annual 2009 `` Top Global 100 Brands '' chart created by Interbrand ; it retained that rank in Interbrand 's 2014 index . Gucci is also the biggest-selling Italian brand . Gucci operates about 278 directly operated stores worldwide as of September 2009 , and it wholesales its products through franchisees and upscale department stores . In the year 2013 , the brand was valued at US$ 12.1 billion , with sales of US$ 4.7 billion . In the Forbes World 's Most Valuable Brands list , Gucci is ranked the 38th most valuable brand , with a brand value of $ 12.4 billion as of May 2015 . As of January 2015 , the creative director is Alessandro Michele .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "11bd3a484f6840159c8ce86bb4e2b47a", "text": "Moores Moores the Suit People Inc. , is a Canadian brand specialized in tailor-made clothing for men similar to Tip Top Tailors or Classys . It is an affiliate to Men 's Wearhouse , from the U.S. The store was founded by Martin Prosserman and David Moore , who as a minority shareholder was bought out in 1982 . In 1980 they opened the first location in Mississauga in the Greater Toronto Area . Moores is owned by the Moores Retail Group , which also owns GoldenBrand clothing in Montreal . In 1999 the Moores Retail Group was acquired by Men 's Wearhouse . Today , Moores has 126 retail locations situated all over Canada and employs over 1200 people . Its current headquarters are in Toronto . The stores sell a wide variety of footwear , tuxedo rentals , office wear , outerwear , ties and many more articles for workers or special occasions . Its ad slogan is : `` Well made , Well Priced , Well Dressed '' In September 2008 Men 's Wearhouse selected the New York advertising agency DeVito/Verdi to handle its national advertising and marketing communications account . The assignment called for the agency to provide full service marketing support and to develop strategic planning , advertising , public relations , market planning , promotions , and P-O-S programs . In addition to the Men 's Wearhouse brand , DeVito/Verdi handled marketing for the company 's other retail brands : K&G , MW Tux , Moores Clothing For Men ( Canada ) , as well as new projects in development . '' Reuters '' ' , `` http://www.reuters.com/article/pressRelease/idUS129874+23-Sep-2008+BW20080923 '' , 23 September 2008 , retrieved 18 June 2009", "title": "" }, { "docid": "abee2690d9e6e1f7157bfcb8f7edea98", "text": "Bigotti Bigotti , also known as Bigotti Exclusive , is a Romanian brand of men 's clothing manufacturer owned by Graftex Prodcom SRL . Bigotti is promoted as a luxury ready-made clothes and leather goods for men , offering style , quality and diversity for an original , successful image . Other brands owned by Graftex Prodcom SRL are Massini Camicia , Egobigotti , Artigiani and Il Capo Uomo .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c004f9b7666ae53b7e67acf505d2ddc8", "text": "Georgian mafia The Georgian mafia is regarded as one of the biggest , powerful and influential criminal networks in Europe , which has produced the biggest number of `` thieves in law '' in all former USSR countries and controls and regulates most of the Russian-speaking mafia groups . A major criminal group based in Russia is the Georgian mafia . Georgian mafia is known as best organized and most ruthless criminal group . Georgian mafia is very `` structured '' and `` hierarchical '' . At the head of such a group is a leader who rarely appears in public and , in turn , reports to a `` Godfather '' , who operates on an international level . The power of the leader is largely dependent on his ability to subordinate independent groups of thieves under his authority . His underlings oversee the activities of smaller Georgian criminal gangs . The pyramid is cemented by the payment of tributes to the leader of each group acting in the region . This is the so-called `` common fund '' . Georgian mafia has two major criminal clans : Tbilisi criminal clan Kutaisi criminal clan Georgian criminal groups are active throughout the former Soviet Union and Europe . Georgia always had a disproportionately high number of crime bosses and still has a majority of the 700 or so still operating in the post-Soviet space and western Georgia ( Kutaisi clan ) is particularly well represented . In some of its rules or `` laws '' , the Georgian mafia parallels the Sicilian Mafia . There are differences but many things are similar .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1a33867743f487e662f950a6d14a82d2", "text": "Groupement des Cartes Bancaires CB Groupement des Cartes Bancaires CB ( `` CB Bank card Group '' ) , also known as simply CB , is France 's national interbank network , with over 46,000 ATMs and over 1 million EFTPOS acceptance points . Carte Bleue VISA is a brand often associated with CB . In fact , all Carte Bleue cards are part of CB but not all CB cards are Carte Bleue ( they could also be MasterCard ) . CB offers the ATM and EFTPOS networking infrastructure , while Carte Bleue is the debit card or mode of payment . CB GIE was created in 1984 by the six founding banks of Carte Bleue , plus Crédit Agricole and Crédit Mutuel . Since 1992 , all CB cards are smart cards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "45b37c6a4a09758864c0b139d80dd90a", "text": "Coin (department store) Coin ( -LSB- -LSB- koˈiŋ -RSB- -RSB- , after the venetian for cohen ) is an Italian upmarket department store chain dedicated to the worlds of apparel , home decorations , accessories and beauty . Its headquarters are located in Venezia Mestre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "23e3fbff8ef60b47cce9bbd5e0a2946d", "text": "Dassault Group Dassault Group ( -LSB- daˈso -RSB- ; GIMD , Groupe Dassault , or the Groupe Industriel Marcel Dassault S.A. ) is a France-based group of companies established in 1929 with the creation of Dassault Aviation by Marcel Dassault , and led by son Serge Dassault with cofounder of Dassault Systèmes Charles Edelstenne , and currently Dassault Aviation Chairman and CEO is Éric Trappier .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d312ddb80c40e7c6fa3ca6036f087676", "text": "Italia Independent Group Italia Independent S.p.A. is an Italian company that produces and distributes eyewear and sunglasses . The group is also active in the field of communication through the agency Independent Ideas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6716f8a9bf0d4e5bc1fa66805e915d34", "text": "Wu-Syndicate Wu-Syndicate is a group from Virginia consisting of Joe Mafia , Napoleon , and Myalansky ( who named himself after the gangster Meyer Lansky ) . They were originally called Crime Syndicate but changed their name to Wu-Syndicate when they signed to Wu-Tang Records and became Wu-Tang Clan affiliates . After debuting on the compilation Wu-Tang Killa Bees : The Swarm in 1998 , their self-titled debut album Wu-Syndicate was released in 1999 on both Wu-Tang Records and their own label Slot Time Records . The album was , like most releases from Wu-Tang Clan affiliates during this time enjoyed moderately successful sales with the single `` Where Wuz Heaven '' going gold . Soon after the release there was a dispute of an unknown origin between the group and Wu-Tang Records and the group briefly changed their name to The Syndicate until 2009 with eventual reconciliation and the release of their second official album Grimlenz , produced mostly by Antagonist Dragonspit of Virginia Beach , VA. . Both Myalansky and Napoleon continue to work with Joe Mafia but have refused to work with each other since the release of their first album . In an interview Napoleon stated that though they have always clashed , `` Mya is still my dude though regardless '' . The group has maintained ties with various members of the Wu-Tang Family . Napoleon is currently working on a project with fellow Wu-Tang alumni Solomon Childs , Shaka Amazulu , and Dexter Wiggle called `` Illuminati Network '' . Joe Mafia released his debut solo album This One in 2002 and founded his own label called 58 West Diamond Street Records . Napoleon released his first solo album , Kingpin Wit Da Inkpen in 2007 and a mixtape titled Mark of the Beast in 2011 . Myalansky released his first solo album , Drastic Measures in 2008 and a mixtape a few years later in 2011 AMW.Com . Myalansky has also been working with California rapper Mitchy Slick and has released two more volumes of his AMW.Com mixtape series . In 2013 Myalansky and Joe Mafia featured on the song `` Golden Age Rapper '' by CHG Unfadable .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b1604c93555b9dbbad60a98c82e7b829", "text": "Sports marketing Sports marketing is a subdivision of marketing which focuses both on the promotion of sports events and teams as well as the promotion of other products and services through sporting events and sports teams . It is a service in which the element promoted can be a physical product or a brand name . The goal is to provide the client with strategies to promote the sport or to promote something other than sport through sports . Sport marketing is also designed to meet the needs and wants of the consumer through exchange processes . These strategies follow the traditional four `` P '' 's of general marketing Product , Price , Promotion and Place , another four `` P '' 's are added to sport marketing , relating to the fact sports are considered to be a service . The additional 4 P 's are : Planning , Packaging , Positioning and Perception . The addition of the four extra elements is called the `` sport marketing mix . '' Sports marketing is an element of sports promotion which involves a wide variety of sectors of the sport industry including broadcasting , advertising , social media , digital platforms , ticket sales , and community relations . Sports marketing is divided into three sectors . The first is the advertising of sport and sports associations such as the Olympics , Spanish Football league and the NFL , as well as sport teams like Real Madrid and the New York Yankees . The second concerns the use of sporting events , sporting teams and individual athletes to promote various products . The third category is the promotion of sport to the public in order to increase participation . In the first case , the promotion is directly related to sports . In the second case , the products can but do not have to be directly related to sports . When the promotion is about sports in general , the use of this kind of strategy is called `` Marketing of Sports . '' When the promotion is not about the sports but sports events , athletes , teams or leagues are used to promote different products , the marketing strategy is denominated `` Marketing through sports . '' When the promotion is about increasing participation among the public , it is called `` Grassroots Sports Marketing . '' To promote the products or services , the companies and associations use different channels such as sponsorships of teams or athletes , television or radio advertisement during the different broadcast sports events and celebrations , and/or advertisement on sporting venues . `` Street marketing of sport '' considers sport marketing through billboards on the street and also through urban elements ( street lighters and sidewalks , etc. ) to help promote and gain publicity during major worldwide sporting events such as the Football World Cup , the Olympic Games , or the Super Bowl .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "571887dc706d160cf59155db823b934d", "text": "George Bucci George P. `` The King '' Bucci Jr. ( born July 9 , 1953 ) is a retired American basketball player . He played collegiately for the Manhattan College . He was selected by the Buffalo Braves in the 3rd round ( 52nd pick overall ) of the 1975 NBA draft and by the New York Nets in the 1975 ABA Draft . He played for the New York Nets ( 1975 -- 76 ) in the ABA for 33 games , Nets won the ABA championship that season . From 1977 until 1992 he played in the Lega Basket Serie A In the 1990s he was elected to political office , as councilman and later supervisor of the Town of Newburgh , New York . His uncle , Paul , resides in Wildwood , Florida .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f156085bafcd8eccbef7211206a9d3c6", "text": "Crookers Crookers is the musical project of Italian DJ and producer , Francesco `` Phra '' Barbaglia . Crookers was originally a duo consisting of Phra and fellow producer Bot , who worked together from 2003 to 2012 . When the two artists met , both were trying to branch out of their genre and explore dance music . Their first collaboration worked . Phra said , `` It felt natural to team up , seeing that we had the same musical tastes ... which is n't that easy here in Milan . '' On October 19 , 2012 , it was announced that Bot had left the group to pursue a new direction and that Phra would carry on the Crookers name as a solo project . Since then , `` Phra '' has produced the song `` Ghetto Guetta '' under the Crookers allias , the song was published on Phra 's own label Ciao Recs under licence to the Be Yourself Catalog as well as OWSLA . Phra has stormed 2014 with singles being released from his forthcoming ` Sixteen Chapel ' album . ` Heavy ' followed ` Ghetto Guetta ' as the 2nd single off the album . There were remixes from Hybrid Theory , Donovans and Sharkslayer & First Gift . Following that , Crookers then released Able To Maximize via Ciao Recs with remixes from Chuckie , franskild , Mao Ra Sun , Digi and Suck Fake . Phra then released ` Get Excited ft STS ' for free via his social media . During this time , Phra asked the group Plastic Horse to put their spin on the music videos for Able To Maximize and Picture This . Crookers ' track Picture This was released via Ciao Recs on 9th Sept and his new album ` Sixteen Chapel ' was scheduled to be released in February 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ed5215ef92c8d60a442313006de95e25", "text": "L'Occitane en Provence L'Occitane en Provence ( -LSB- lɔk.si.tan ɑ̃ pʁɔ.vɑ̃s -RSB- ) and commonly known as L'Occitane , is an international retailer of body , face , fragrances and home products based in Manosque , France . The company was founded in 1976 by Olivier Baussan with the purpose to create a company that celebrates and preserves the traditions of his native Provence . The company name means `` the Occitan woman -LSB- in Provence -RSB- '' . In 2010 , the company became listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "10e92cfb01dd5ab21b05662492ec7682", "text": "The Combined (Group) The Combined or Big Seven Group , was a criminal organization headed by organized crime figures on the East Coast of the United States during Prohibition serving as the predecessor to the alleged National Crime Syndicate of the 1930s . The organization consisted of seven Jewish , Italian , and Irish American gangs on the east coast . Following the reform movements and police crackdown on street gangs and other criminals , the criminal underworld entered a `` slow period '' in the years during and after the First World War . While the older political bosses were able to get their former criminal associates work as bouncers and work in vice districts such as gambling dens and brothels , they began to disassociate themselves from their former criminal alliances . Following the announcement of the Volstead Act in 1919 , many in the underworld readily entered into bootlegging as gang wars broke out in major cities across the country . As the struggle to gain dominance over the industry continued into the early 1920s , with shootouts and bombings commonplace , a group emerged to resolve the constant warfare which was costing everyone money . Originally intended to serve as a centralized office for the purposes of ordering bootleg liquor to be equally distributed , the group would also reduce costs among bootleggers for supplies and , without worrying about rival bootleggers , enable independent bootleggers to focus on protecting their shipments from freelance hijackers . Although the concept of the organization differed between Arnold Rothstein and Johnny Torrio , both Charles `` Lucky '' Luciano and Meyer Lansky were major supporters by 1927 . Its original members included Enoch `` Nucky '' Johnson , Abner `` Longy '' Zwillman of New Jersey , Moe Dalitz of Cleveland , Waxey Gordon and Harry `` Nig '' Rosen of Philadelphia and Danny Walsh of Providence . Other members included the Bug and Meyer Mob as `` enforcers '' and the semi-retired Johnny Torrio who remained in an advisory capacity regarding organizational advice . As the violence of the bootleg wars died down in the mid-Atlantic area , others requested membership including Dutch Schultz of Manhattan , Charles `` King '' Solomon of Boston . Al Capone also expressed interest in joining the organization ; however his gang war with the North Side Gang prevented him from doing so . Despite the death of Rothstein that same year , and the subsequent pushing aside or deaths of several gang leaders , the remaining members of the Seven Group were successful in establishing its authority and served as the basis for the Atlantic City Conference in 1929 . Category : Organized crime groups", "title": "" }, { "docid": "08a5baa88e7dfdfc55936804742f619f", "text": "Gruppo di intervento speciale Gruppo di Intervento Speciale ( GIS , in English `` Special Intervention Group '' ) is an elite airborne special operations counter-terrorism tactical response unit inside the Italian Carabinieri military police , first formed in 1977 . In 2004 the GIS evolved into a special forces unit . The unit has taken part in counter-terrorism operations and VIP , executive and dignitary protection security details ever since the inception of the GIS .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c06818ee8fe8f24abed88a80c122bb6a", "text": "Cigna Cigna is an American worldwide health services organization . Its insurance subsidiaries are major providers of medical , dental , disability , life and accident insurance and related products and services , the majority of which are offered through employers and other groups ( e.g. governmental and non-governmental organizations , unions and associations ) . Cigna also offers Medicare and Medicaid products and health , life and accident insurance coverages primarily to individuals in the U.S. and selected international markets . In addition to its ongoing operations described above , Cigna also has certain run-off operations , including a Run-off Reinsurance segment . In the Phoenix metropolitan area , Cigna runs a full-service staff-model HMO ( health maintenance organization ) with satellite clinics throughout the region , known as the Cigna Medical Group Cigna Global Health Benefits also operates under the Cigna corporation . Their tag line is ` Together , all the way . '", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1dc9bbc7a494e709e411d8b5e3bedc78", "text": "Mandalay Entertainment Mandalay Entertainment Group is an American entertainment company founded in 1995 by Peter Guber , with interests in motion pictures , television , sports entertainment and new media . The company has around 40 employees .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c3176cf44d3c89776c4cff323133893b", "text": "Mafia (B.U.G. Mafia album) Mafia is the debut studio album by Romanian hip hop group B.U.G. Mafia , released September 20 , 1995 on local Bucharest-based label Amma Sound . Production for the album was handled by group member and founder Tataee , with various composers and keyboardists giving co-production . Heavily influenced by N.W.A. and Bone Thugs-n-Harmony , the album has been viewed as the pioneering record of gangsta rap in Romania . With its ever-present profanity and violent lyrics , it helped to give birth to this then-new genre of music in Romania . As hip hop music was quite new in Romania at the time , the album attracted many rock fans , who appreciated the group 's aggressive approach towards music . In spite of poor sound quality and practically no professional promotion , Mafia achieved moderate success and quite favorable reviews . The album is still known for being the third hip hop album to be released in Romania by a record label . It had 15 tracks and featured guest performances from M&G , Marijuana , Coco , Vlad `` Ben '' Blându and actress Rona Hartner . Tataee has stated that he considers the album the group 's worst release .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a1d1f3572ff839be90297adce3035e69", "text": "Gufram Gufram is an Italian seat and furniture manufacturer based in Barolo ( Piedmont area ) known for the influence it had in the field of industrial design and for helping to revolutionize the look of the furniture from the '60s . Their sculptural art objects show the many influences of pop art , conceptual art , illusionism , naturalism and modern design .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bf1475ae65aa4563acddeacd3f8bc163", "text": "NH Hotel Group NH Hotel Group ( officially NH Hotel Group SA , ) is a Spanish-based hotel chain headquartered in Madrid . NH offers moderately priced and modernly-furnished hotel rooms and lobbies , located primarily in Europe and Latin America . NH Hotel Group ranks third in the European ranking for business hotels . The group has 380 hotels in 29 countries with over 53,000 rooms . In 2016 , China becomes the 30th country that NH Hotel Group enter . It expects to open two hotels in Haikou and Sanya in the second half of 2016 . It has 54 projects for new hotels under construction , which would add almost 8,000 new rooms . NH Hotel Group is listed on the Madrid Stock Exchange , where it is a member of the Madrid Stock Exchange General Index , and is also quoted on the New York Stock Exchange ( OTC Market ) . NH ( `` Navarra Hotels '' , named after the region in Spain ) was founded in 1978 by Antonio Catalan . Throughout the 1980s , 1990s and 2000s , it made a series of acquisitions ( Jolly in Italy , Krasnapolsky in the Netherlands , Astron in Germany ) which increased its size to close to 400 hotels . The company was severely affected by the economic crisis and changed top management often : Gabriele Burgio ( now Alpitour ) , Mariano Pérez Claver ( ex Bankia ) and Federico González Tejera ( now Carlson ) . The latter managed to steer the company throughout a strategic plan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8624e0f4f232215b69f778d9c8da68ce", "text": "Just a Yes Basta un Sì ( `` a Yes is enough '' ) is an advocacy group which campaigns in favour of the constitutional reform , proposed by Matteo Renzi 's government and approved by the Italian Parliament in the Spring of 2016 , in the December 2016 constitutional referendum . The group is actively supported by the Democratic Party . On 21 May 2016 Renzi announced the formation of the `` National Committee ' A Yes is Enough ' '' ( Comitato Nazionale Basta un Sì ) . On the same day , Maria Elena Boschi , who is the Minister of Constitutional Reforms in Renzi 's government , was appointed Coordinator of the committee . Moreover , Renzi had hired American political adviser Jim Messina , who had previously managed Barack Obama 's presidential campaigns , to oversee the campaign for `` Yes '' . On 24 May 2016 , 193 university professors publicated a manifesto on L'Unità ( the official newspaper of the Democratic Party ) , in which they expressed their support to the constitutional reform . Notable signatories were Franco Bassanini and Guido Tabellini . On 2 June , on the newspaper la Repubblica 300 notable professors , intellectuals , politicians and artists have signed a manifesto in favour of the reforms . The most famous signatories were Isabella Adinolfi , Stefano Arduini , Luigi Berlinguer , Andrea Carandini , Liliana Cavani , Fulvio Conti , Enrico Decleva , Antonio Ereditato , Mario Fortunato , Raffaele Lauro , Franco Malerba , Alberto Melloni , Federico Moccia , Andrea Moro , Giuseppe Novelli , Alberto Oliverio , Lorenzo Ornaghi , Annalisa Piras , Riccardo Pozzo , Michele Rak , Vincenzo Scotti , Luca Serianni , Giacomo Stella , Susanna Tamaro , Giuseppe Veltri and Giuliano Volpe .", "title": "" } ]	fever
0d98222c97475c8bbd0272bb353ce653	Matt Groening won three Primetime Emmy Awards for The Simpsons.	[ { "docid": "351f4181f75f987f80471ca26ce75c9f", "text": "Matt Groening Matthew Abraham `` Matt '' Groening ( -LSB- ˈɡreɪnɪŋ -RSB- ; born February 15 , 1954 ) is an American cartoonist , writer , producer , animator , and voice actor . He is the creator of the comic strip Life in Hell ( 1977 -- 2012 ) and the television series The Simpsons ( 1989 -- present ) and Futurama ( 1999 -- 2003 , 2008 -- 2013 ) . The Simpsons has gone on to become the longest-running U.S. primetime-television series in history , as well as the longest-running animated series and sitcom . Groening made his first professional cartoon sale of Life in Hell to the avant-garde Wet magazine in 1978 . At its peak , the cartoon was carried in 250 weekly newspapers . Life in Hell caught the attention of James L. Brooks . In 1985 , Brooks contacted Groening with the proposition of working in animation for the Fox variety show The Tracey Ullman Show . Originally , Brooks wanted Groening to adapt his Life in Hell characters for the show . Fearing the loss of ownership rights , Groening decided to create something new and came up with a cartoon family , the Simpson family , and named the members after his own parents and sisters -- while Bart was an anagram of the word brat . The shorts would be spun off into their own series The Simpsons , which has since aired episodes . In 1997 , Groening and former Simpsons writer David X. Cohen developed Futurama , an animated series about life in the year 3000 , which premiered in 1999 , running for four years on Fox , then picked up by Comedy Central for additional seasons . Groening has won 12 Primetime Emmy Awards , ten for The Simpsons and two for Futurama as well as a British Comedy Award for `` outstanding contribution to comedy '' in 2004 . In 2002 , he won the National Cartoonist Society Reuben Award for his work on Life in Hell . He received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame on February 14 , 2012 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "adfb781e1d7bf0df497312d2d55fb56e", "text": "A Star Is Burns `` A Star Is Burns '' is the eighteenth episode of The Simpsons ' sixth season . It first aired on the Fox network in the United States on March 5 , 1995 . In the episode , Springfield decides to hold a film festival , and famed critic Jay Sherman is invited to be a judge . The story involves a crossover with the short-lived animated series The Critic . Jay Sherman was the main character on the show . The Critic was created by Al Jean and Mike Reiss , who had previously written for The Simpsons but left following the fourth season , and produced by James L. Brooks , who was also a producer for The Simpsons . The show had premiered on the American Broadcasting Company ( ABC ) network in January 1994 but was canceled despite positive critical reception . The series was switched over to Fox , and put in the timeslot directly after The Simpsons . Brooks pitched a crossover episode as a way to promote The Critic and decided that a film festival would be a good way to introduce Sherman . Matt Groening , creator of The Simpsons , reacted negatively when he heard about this episode , feeling that it was just an advertisement for The Critic , and that people would incorrectly associate the show with him . When he was unsuccessful in getting the program pulled , he had his name removed from the credits and went public with his concerns , openly criticizing James L. Brooks . The episode was directed by Susie Dietter and was the first episode to be written by Ken Keeler . Jon Lovitz , the star of The Critic , guest stars as Jay Sherman , while Maurice LaMarche ( who was also a regular on The Critic ) has a few minor roles . The episode received mixed reviews from critics , many of whom felt the crossover was out of place on the show , although Barney 's film festival entry was well received .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "65a3f679f16817a03879f7dc79ab8288", "text": "Bart Gets an Elephant `` Bart Gets an Elephant '' is the seventeenth episode of The Simpsons ' fifth season . It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on March 31 , 1994 . In this episode , Bart wins a radio contest and is awarded a full-grown African elephant that he names Stampy . After Stampy wrecks the Simpsons ' house and eats all the food , Homer decides to sell Stampy to an ivory dealer . Bart runs away with Stampy to save his pet , but the family finds the two at a museum exhibit , where Homer sinks into a tar pit . Homer is saved by Stampy , and so gives the elephant away to an animal refuge instead . The episode was written by John Swartzwelder , and directed by Jim Reardon . It introduced the fictional elephant Stampy , and marks the first appearance of the recurring character Cletus Spuckler . The episode features cultural references to the songs `` Sixteen Tons '' and `` Do-Re-Mi '' , and the La Brea Tar Pits cluster of tar pits located in Hancock Park in Los Angeles , California . Since airing , the episode has received mostly positive reviews from television critics . It acquired a Nielsen rating of 10.7 , and was the highest-rated show on the Fox network the week it aired .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1a1390660200817b1e4b074567bf1255", "text": "The Simpsons Movie The Simpsons Movie is a 2007 American animated comedy film based on the Fox television series The Simpsons . The film was directed by David Silverman , and stars the regular television cast of Dan Castellaneta , Julie Kavner , Nancy Cartwright , Yeardley Smith , Hank Azaria , Harry Shearer , Tress MacNeille , Pamela Hayden , Marcia Wallace , and Russi Taylor with guest appearances by Tom Hanks , Green Day , and Albert Brooks . The film follows Homer Simpson , whose irresponsibility gets the better of him when he pollutes the lake in Springfield after the town has cleaned it up following receipt of a warning from the Environmental Protection Agency . As the townspeople exile him and eventually his family abandons him , Homer works to redeem his folly by stopping Russ Cargill , the fictional head of the EPA , when he intends to destroy Springfield . Previous attempts to create a The Simpsons film failed due to the lack of a script of appropriate length and production crew members . Eventually , producers James L. Brooks , Matt Groening , Al Jean , Richard Sakai , and Mike Scully began development of the film in 2001 . A writing team consisting of Brooks , Groening , Jean , Scully , Ian Maxtone-Graham , George Meyer , David Mirkin , Mike Reiss , Matt Selman , John Swartzwelder , and Jon Vitti was assembled . They conceived numerous plot ideas , with Groening 's being the one developed into a film . The script was re-written over a hundred times , and this creativity continued after the animation had begun in 2006 . This meant hours of finished material was cut , which included cameo roles from Erin Brockovich , Minnie Driver , Isla Fisher , Kelsey Grammer , and Edward Norton . Hanks and Green Day appeared in the final cut as themselves . Tie-in promotions were made with several companies , including Burger King and 7-Eleven , the latter which transformed selected stores into Kwik-E-Marts . The film premiered in Springfield , Vermont , which had won the right to hold it through a competition organized by Fox . The film was a critical and commercial success , grossing over $ 527 million worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2488fb8dd6f2715c3b2fdd9b1fd2b876", "text": "Greg Daniels Gregory Martin `` Greg '' Daniels ( born June 13 , 1963 ) is an American television comedy writer , producer , and director . He is known for his work on several television series , including Saturday Night Live , The Simpsons , King of the Hill and The Office . All four shows were named among Times James Poniewozik 's All Time 100 TV Shows . Daniels attended Harvard University and he became friends with Conan O'Brien . Their first writing credit was for Not Necessarily the News , before they were laid off due to budget cuts . He eventually became a writer for two long-running series : Saturday Night Live and The Simpsons . He joined the writing staff of The Simpsons during the fifth season , and he wrote several classic episodes including `` Lisa 's Wedding , '' `` Bart Sells His Soul '' and `` 22 Short Films About Springfield . '' He left the series in order to co-create another long-running animated series , King of the Hill , with Mike Judge . The series ran for thirteen years before it was cancelled in 2009 . During the series run , he worked on several other series , including the American version of The Office and Parks and Recreation . As of 2016 , he is an executive producer on the TBS series People of Earth . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e223ee9efaa45c19f39e2c5a8ea2414", "text": "Duffless `` Duffless '' is the sixteenth episode of The Simpsons ' fourth season . It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on February 18 , 1993 . After getting arrested for drunk driving , Homer tries to remain sober , at Marge 's request . Meanwhile , Lisa attempts to prove that Bart is less intelligent than a hamster after he ruins her first science fair project . It was written by David M. Stern , and directed by Jim Reardon . The episode received a positive reception .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eba0886583f27c9878f64dd7c3112252", "text": "44th Primetime Emmy Awards The 44th Primetime Emmy Awards were held on Sunday , August 30 , 1992 . The ceremony was broadcast on Fox from the Pasadena Civic Auditorium in Pasadena , California . It was hosted by Tim Allen , Kirstie Alley and Dennis Miller , and directed by Walter C. Miller . Presenters included Roseanne Barr , Tom Arnold , Scott Bakula , Candice Bergen , Corbin Bernsen , Beau Bridges , Lloyd Bridges , and Cindy Crawford . The program was written by Buddy Sheffield and Bruce Vilanch . Over 300 million people watched the ceremony in 30 countries . A rule change , instituted for this year only , stated that regular and guest performers would compete in the same category . There could be lead guest or supporting guest . On the comedy side , Murphy Brown won Outstanding Comedy Series for the second time , winning three major awards on the night , the most for a comedy series . On the drama side , L.A. Laws strangle hold on Outstanding Drama Series came to an end , as Northern Exposure took home the award . Northern Exposure also won three major awards and received nine major nominations , which tied for the most in each category . For the first time in its run , The Golden Girls , then in its seventh and final season , was not nominated for Outstanding Comedy Series . After being on the air for thirty years , The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson finally heard its name called when its final season won for Outstanding Variety , Music , or Comedy Program . The show was first nominated for the category in 1964 and was 0/13 before this ceremony .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2004987c028a841e1a5e9342b94cbf19", "text": "Simpson and Delilah `` Simpson and Delilah '' is the second episode of The Simpsons ' second season . It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on October 18 , 1990 . Homer uses the Springfield Nuclear Power Plant medical insurance plan to buy ` Dimoxinil ' , a miracle hair growth formula . Homer grows hair , and is given a promotion at work which allows him to hire a secretary named Karl . The episode was directed by Rich Moore and written by Jon Vitti , and guest starred Harvey Fierstein as Karl .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a811888a7c431f8479828e48a86816f", "text": "Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Single-Camera Picture Editing for a Comedy Series This is a list of winners and nominees of the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Single-Camera Picture Editing for a Comedy Series . This award and Outstanding Single-Camera Picture Editing for a Drama Series replaced Outstanding Single-Camera Picture Editing for a Series in 2003 . As of 2015 , no show has won this award more than once except for The Office , which has won twice ( 2007 and 2013 ) . In the following list , the first titles listed in gold and bold are the winners ; those not in gold are nominees , which are listed in alphabetical order . The years given are those in which the ceremonies took place : __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7715c6d2158d1664e14b3fe0bf7fe7b7", "text": "The Simpsons The Simpsons is an American animated sitcom created by Matt Groening for the Fox Broadcasting Company . The series is a satirical depiction of working-class life epitomized by the Simpson family , which consists of Homer , Marge , Bart , Lisa , and Maggie . The show is set in the fictional town of Springfield and parodies American culture , society , television , and the human condition . The family was conceived by Groening shortly before a solicitation for a series of animated shorts with producer James L. Brooks . Groening created a dysfunctional family and named the characters after members of his own family , substituting Bart for his own name . The shorts became a part of The Tracey Ullman Show on April 19 , 1987 . After a three-season run , the sketch was developed into a half-hour prime time show and became an early hit for Fox , becoming the network 's first series to land in the Top 30 ratings in a season ( 1989 -- 90 ) . Since its debut on December 17 , 1989 , episodes of The Simpsons have been broadcast . Its 28th season began on September 25 , 2016 . It is the longest-running American sitcom and the longest-running American animated program , and , in 2009 , it surpassed Gunsmoke as the longest-running American scripted primetime television series . The Simpsons Movie , a feature-length film , was released in theaters worldwide on July 27 , 2007 , and grossed over $ 527 million . On November 4 , 2016 , the series was renewed for a twenty-ninth and thirtieth season of 22 episodes each , extending the show to 2019 . The Simpsons received widespread critical acclaim throughout its first nine seasons , which are generally considered its `` Golden Age '' . Time named it the 20th century 's best television series , and Erik Adams of The A.V. Club named it `` television 's crowning achievement regardless of format '' . On January 14 , 2000 , the Simpson family was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame . It has won dozens of awards since it debuted as a series , including 31 Primetime Emmy Awards , 30 Annie Awards , and a Peabody Award . Homer 's exclamatory catchphrase `` D'oh ! '' has been adopted into the English language , while The Simpsons has influenced many adult-oriented animated sitcoms . Despite this , the show has also been criticized for what many perceive as a decline in quality over the years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "70d40769f8ccb2f000a98c58d03f977b", "text": "Take My Life, Please `` Take My Life , Please '' is the tenth episode of the twentieth season of The Simpsons . It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on February 15 , 2009 . In the episode , Homer finds out that the class presidential election he lost in high school was rigged , and he gets the opportunity to find out what his life would have been like if he had become class president . The episode was written by Don Payne and directed by Steven Dean Moore . It was the first episode of The Simpsons to air in 16:9 720p high-definition television . It was also the first episode to use the new HD opening sequence . Since airing , the episode has received mixed reviews from television critics . 6.82 million people watched the episode , and coupled with an episode of King of the Hill , it won its hour in the 18-49 demographic .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d9c02f7ee071905aaf39f947ca1ab264", "text": "The Man Who Grew Too Much `` The Man Who Grew Too Much '' is the thirteenth episode of the 25th season of the American animated sitcom The Simpsons , and the 543rd episode of the series . It premiered on the Fox network in the United States on March 9 , 2014 . It was written by Jeff Westbrook and directed by Matthew Schofield . In the episode , Lisa discovers that Sideshow Bob has become the chief scientist of a massive chemical engineering company , but the two of them bond over their appreciation for high culture . Meanwhile , Marge ends up a church volunteer to help teenagers become abstinent .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f4948b407ba268f1a20b6728c3b94159", "text": "Bart the Lover `` Bart the Lover '' is the sixteenth episode of The Simpsons ' third season . It first aired on the Fox network in the United States on February 13 , 1992 . In the episode , Edna Krabappel , Bart 's teacher , feels increasingly isolated and , looking for a companion , places a personal ad in the newspaper . Bart , who was given a month 's detention for breaking the class fish tank with his yo-yo , decides to get revenge by responding to the ad . He creates a new adult male alter ego named Woodrow , inspired by a picture of former President Woodrow Wilson , and Mrs. Krabappel becomes infatuated with `` Woodrow '' . Meanwhile , Ned Flanders asks Homer to cut down on his swearing , so Homer starts using a swear jar . The episode was written by Jon Vitti and directed by Carlos Baeza . Vitti had wanted an episode centered on Mrs. Krabappel that examined what it was like to have Bart as a student . It was the first episode of the show to feature her in a prominent role . The subplot where Homer tries to clean up his language was written partially in response to the complaints the show had been getting about the amount of cursing on the show . Woodrow 's voice was performed by Harry Shearer , who did an impression of Ricardo Montalbán . The picture Bart sends Edna is of NHL and WHA star Gordie Howe . The writers had originally wanted to use a picture of American football player Johnny Unitas , but were unable to get the rights to use his image . In its original airing on the Fox Network during February sweeps , the episode had a 12.9 Nielsen rating , finishing the week ranked 29th , up from the season 's average . Marcia Wallace , the voice of Mrs. Krabappel , won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Voice-Over Performance for her role in the episode .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "55911d699a372c3a068f18c49f1f527c", "text": "The Simpsons (season 25) The Simpsons '' ' twenty-fifth season began airing on Fox on September 29 , 2013 and ended on May 18 , 2014 . In this season , Homer sells his Mapple stock to buy a bowling ball ; Marge blames herself and Kiss for Bart 's rebellious streak ( `` Four Regrettings and a Funeral '' ) ; Lisa becomes a cheerleader for Springfield 's football team ; and Homer delivers a baby ( `` Labor Pains '' ) . Guest stars for this season include Judd Apatow , Will Arnett , Anderson Cooper , Harlan Ellison , Zach Galifianakis , Stan Lee , Eva Longoria , Rachel Maddow , Elisabeth Moss , Joe Namath , Daniel Radcliffe , Aaron Sorkin , and Kristen Wiig . This is Al Jean 's 13th consecutive season as showrunner and 15th overall . Matt Groening , James L. Brooks , Matt Selman , and John Frink serve as executive producers . Executive producer Al Jean stated that Edna Krabappel will be retired from the show following the death of Marcia Wallace on October 25 , 2013 . February 2014 held back Simpsons episodes , due to the transmission of the Super Bowl XLVIII in East Rutherford , New Jersey , United States ; the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi , Russia ; the 2014 Daytona 500 in Daytona Beach , Florida , US ; and the 86th Academy Awards in Hollywood , Los Angeles , California . This season The Simpsons '' won three Primetime Emmy Awards out of four nominations , including an Primetime Emmy Award for Character Voice-Over Performance to Harry Shearer , who was the last member of the main cast to earn the award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e7c0bfc8f20a1c2a5313f9219913939e", "text": "Another Simpsons Clip Show `` Another Simpsons Clip Show '' is the third episode of The Simpsons ' sixth season . It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on September 25 , 1994 . In the episode , Marge reads a romance novel in bed , and it prompts her to have a family meeting , where the Simpson family recall their past loves in form of clips from previous episodes . The episode was written by Jon Vitti ( credited as `` Penny Wise '' ) and directed by David Silverman . It is the second The Simpsons episode featuring a clip show format and uses clips from all the previous five seasons . The episode features cultural references to the 1992 book The Bridges of Madison County and the 1967 film The Graduate . The episode has received rather negative reviews , since clip shows tend to be the least favorite episodes among fans . It acquired a Nielsen rating of 8.7 and was the fourth highest rated show on the Fox network that week .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "db92b3c2b034a3e4cfebcf6287bdc8f9", "text": "Matt Selman Matthew `` Matt '' Selman ( born September 9 , 1971 ) is an American writer and producer . Selman grew up in Massachusetts , attended the University of Pennsylvania and was editor-in-chief of student magazine 34th Street Magazine . After considering a career in journalism , he decided to try to become a television writer . After two years of failed spec scripts he was eventually hired to write an episode of Seinfeld in 1996 . Selman then joined the writing staff of The Simpsons , where he has remained , rising to the position of executive producer . He has written numerous episodes of the show , including `` Natural Born Kissers '' , `` Behind the Laughter '' , `` Trilogy of Error '' , `` Simpsons Bible Stories '' ( for which he won an Annie Award ) , `` The Dad Who Knew Too Little '' ( for which he won a Writers Guild of America Award ) , and also `` The Food Wife '' . He also co-wrote the 2007 film adaptation of the show , as well as the video games The Simpsons : Road Rage , The Simpsons Hit and Run and The Simpsons Game .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d3764e7234bddbc73d71d09c91b8f51e", "text": "List of The Simpsons video games The Simpsons is an American animated television sitcom created by Matt Groening for the Fox Broadcasting Company . The series is a satirical parody of a middle class American lifestyle epitomized by its eponymous family , which consists of Homer , Marge , Bart , Lisa and Maggie . It is set in the fictional town of Springfield , and lampoons American culture , society and television , and many aspects of the human condition . The family was conceived by Groening shortly before a pitch for a series of animated shorts with producer James L. Brooks . Groening created a dysfunctional family and named the characters after members of his own family , substituting Bart for his own name . The shorts became a part of The Tracey Ullman Show on April 19 , 1987 and after a three-season run , the sketch was developed into a half-hour prime time show and became a hit series for Fox . The growing popularity of the series motivated video game developers to create video games based on the series . Two pinball machines have also been produced ; one self-titled , that was only made available for a limited time after the first season finale ( 1990 ) and The Simpsons Pinball Party ( 2003 ) . Additionally , several handheld device games have been released , such as Bartman : Avenger of Evil ( 1990 ) and Bart Simpson 's Cupcake Crisis ( 1991 ) . Video games based on the series have reached multiple platforms since their debut in 1991 . The Simpsons '' ' first video game release , The Simpsons , developed and published by Konami , saw a release on the Commodore 64 and DOS , while Bart vs. the Space Mutants ( 1991 ) , developed by Imagineering , expanded the franchise into new platforms , including the Amstrad CPC , NES and Master System . Over the next few years , the franchise would continue to expand , releasing system-exclusive games , such as the PC 's Cartoon Studio ( 1996 ) and the PlayStation 's The Simpsons Wrestling ( 2001 ) . The release of The Simpsons Game ( 2007 ) , developed by EA Redwood Shores ( Visceral Games ) , further expanded the franchise , appearing on new platforms including the Wii , Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 . Due to the series ' longevity , The Simpsons video games have also spanned across many genres , such as the puzzle game Krusty 's Fun House ( 1992 ) , the sports game Itchy & Scratchy in Miniature Golf Madness ( 1994 ) and racing game Road Rage ( 2001 ) . The Simpsons is also one of the franchises spotlighted in the toys-to-life video game Lego Dimensions '' ( 2015 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "77db9058a5c1bc75441bb9d71642bf11", "text": "There's Something About Marrying `` There 's Something About Marrying '' is the tenth episode of the sixteenth season of The Simpsons . In the episode , Springfield legalizes same-sex marriage to increase tourism . After becoming a minister , Homer starts to wed people to make money . Meanwhile , Marge 's sister Patty comes out as a lesbian and reveals that she is going to marry a woman named Veronica . Marge originally disapproves of this , making Patty frustrated . When Marge accidentally discovers that Veronica is a man cross-dressed as a woman , she decides to keep quiet about it knowing that Patty will be marrying a man . However , at the ceremony , she is so moved by Patty 's vow that she is forced to reveal Veronica 's secret . After the ceremony is abruptly cancelled , Marge tells Patty that she now accepts her sexuality . This was the third time that an episode of The Simpsons focused on homosexuality . The episode -- written by J. Stewart Burns and directed by Nancy Kruse -- was inspired by the 2004 same-sex weddings that occurred in San Francisco . According to executive producer Al Jean , the staff wanted the episode to explore what the different characters ' stances on same-sex marriage were . Around the time of the episode 's original airdate , February 20 , 2005 , the same-sex marriage question was a hot political issue in the United States and the episode became controversial . `` There 's Something About Marrying '' received a lot of criticism from conservative groups , including the Parents Television Council and the American Family Association , that claimed it was promoting gay marriage . Jean stated in response that the staff was not taking a side on the issue and that they were just examining all sides of it . Positive reaction to the episode came from , among others , the Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation and the gay-oriented website AfterEllen.com . During the first airing , 10.5 million people watched `` There 's Something About Marrying '' and it became the highest rated episode of the season . The episode had received a lot of publicity in the media before its broadcast -- not only because of the same-sex marriage controversy but also because of Patty 's outing . It was revealed in July 2004 , that a character would come out as gay in the episode , leading to much speculation from fans and the press . Bookmaker websites were even posting odds on which character it would be , with Patty receiving the best odds .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "053d0f878b2c1463b77b6912eb9ba631", "text": "Jeff Martin (writer) Jeff Martin is an American television producer and writer . He was a writer for The Simpsons during the first five seasons and returned over 20 years later to write again for seasons 27 and 28 . He attended Harvard University , where he wrote for The Harvard Lampoon , as have many other Simpsons writers . He left along with most of the original staff in 1993 , and has since written for several TV shows , including Listen Up ! , Baby Blues and Homeboys in Outer Space . He also wrote for Late Night with David Letterman during the 1980s , and occasionally appeared on the show as Flunkie the late-night viewer mail clown , a depressed clown who smoked cigarettes and sometimes talked about his infected tattoos . Martin won four Emmys during his time at Late Night . He currently lives in Los Angeles with his wife , fellow television producer and writer Suzanne Martin and his youngest daughter . His eldest daughter graduated from NYU in 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d7ffcd694dce5413d91ad97eb25ba981", "text": "Josh Weinstein Josh Weinstein ( born May 5 , 1966 ) is an American television writer and producer , known for his work on the animated comedy series The Simpsons . Weinstein and Bill Oakley became best friends and writing partners at St. Albans High School ; Weinstein then attended Stanford University and was editor-in-chief of the Stanford Chaparral . He worked on several short-term media projects , including writing for the variety show Sunday Best , but was then unemployed for a long period . Weinstein and Oakley eventually penned a spec script for Seinfeld , after which they wrote `` Marge Gets a Job '' , an episode of The Simpsons . Subsequently , the two were hired to write for the show on a permanent basis in 1992 . After they wrote episodes such as `` $ pringfield ( Or , How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love Legalized Gambling ) '' , `` Bart vs. Australia '' and `` Who Shot Mr. Burns ? '' , the two were appointed executive producers and showrunners for the seventh and eighth seasons of the show . They attempted to include several emotional episodes focusing on the Simpson family , as well as several high-concept episodes such as `` Homer 's Enemy '' , `` Two Bad Neighbors '' and `` The Principal and the Pauper '' , winning three Primetime Emmy Awards for their work . After they left The Simpsons , Oakley and Weinstein created Mission Hill . The show was plagued by promotional issues and was swiftly canceled . They worked as consulting producers on Futurama , then created The Mullets in 2003 . The two wrote several unsuccessful TV pilots , and were due to serve as showrunners on Sit Down , Shut Up in 2009 . Oakley left the project over a contract dispute , but Weinstein remained until it was canceled . He co-produced and wrote for Futurama again during its Comedy Central revival , winning an Emmy in 2011 . Since 2013 , Weinstein has served as showrunner for the CBBC series Strange Hill High . He has also served as a writer for Season Two of Gravity Falls , co-writing nine of the season 's episodes . Weinstein is married to journalist Lisa Simmons .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8e4cf95e83832b59f456a4ae6de610a6", "text": "The Old Man and the Key `` The Old Man and the Key '' is the thirteenth episode of The Simpsons ' thirteenth season . It first aired in the United States on the Fox network on March 10 , 2002 . In the episode , Grampa Simpson falls in love with Zelda , an old woman who has just moved into the senior home in which Grampa lives . However , Grampa is not the only one in the home who is infatuated with Zelda . The episode was written by Jon Vitti and directed by Lance Kramer . The storyline was pitched by Vitti , who based it on an article about social status in senior homes . The episode features Olympia Dukakis as Zelda , and Bill Saluga as his television character Ray J. Johnson . The song `` Ode to Branson '' , which was written by Vitti and composed by Alf Clausen , was submitted for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Music And Lyrics in 2002 , which it ultimately lost to a score from The Blue Planet .", "title": "" } ]	fever
ca872c25296775ef8aafaf51851f8515	Michael C. Hall is a Golden Globe Award winner.	[ { "docid": "94b695c8475fa0c924b2508ea2dc99da", "text": "Michael C. Hall Michael Carlyle Hall ( born February 1 , 1971 ) is an American actor , known for his role as Dexter Morgan , a serial killer and blood spatter analyst , in the Showtime TV Network series Dexter , and as David Fisher in the HBO drama series Six Feet Under . In 2010 , Hall won a Golden Globe Award and a Screen Actors Guild Award for his role in Dexter .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "92de842d2de777ad24787d857ad94102", "text": "Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy The Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture -- Musical or Comedy has been awarded annually since 1952 by the Hollywood Foreign Press Association ( HFPA ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2bc986913ca5aa509f5f13598d9beecd", "text": "Conrad Hall Conrad Lafcadio Hall , ASC ( June 21 , 1926 -- January 6 , 2003 ) was an American cinematographer from Papeete , Tahiti , French Polynesia . Named after writers Joseph Conrad and Lafcadio Hearn , he was best known for photographing films such as In Cold Blood , Cool Hand Luke , Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid , American Beauty , and Road to Perdition . For his work he garnered a number of awards , including three Academy Awards and BAFTA Awards . In 2003 , Hall was judged to be one of history 's ten most influential cinematographers in a survey of the members of the International Cinematographers Guild . He has been given a star in Hollywood Boulevard 's Walk of Fame .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a9006fa6488b3ca68b0517fdef0749a", "text": "Halls (department store) Halls is the department store division of Kansas City , Missouri-based Hallmark Cards , consisting of a specialty department store located in downtown Kansas City in the city 's Crown Center commercial complex district . The store carries a variety of premium-branded items in apparel , cosmetics , jewelry , shoes , and other product categories , in addition to greeting cards and gift items carrying the Hallmark brand . Hall 's is positioned at a price level comparable to larger luxury-oriented chains including Bloomingdale 's and Neiman Marcus .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c52d51109c9c5bdf380ddb395113505", "text": "29th Golden Globe Awards The 29th Golden Globe Awards , honoring the best in film and television for 1971 films , were held on February 6 , 1972 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "888677d77638c770bbe89cdcc6bb3470", "text": "The Woman in the Hall The Woman in the Hall is a 1947 British drama film , directed by Jack Lee , with a screenplay by Jack Lee , Ian Dalrymple and Gladys Bronwyn Stern , from Stern 's novel . It was released in 1947 . `` A studio bound melodrama , it seems atypical of Lee 's later films , but the struggles of an individual to achieve a goal and through that struggle develop into a better person was a recurrent theme . '' The film features the screen debut of future television star Susan Hampshire .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "313d0b586e0ef90f4a309c8df443c032", "text": "Hartley Hall Hartley Hall was the first official residence hall ( or dormitory ) constructed on the campus of Columbia University 's Morningside Heights campus , and currently houses undergraduate students from Columbia College as well as the Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science . The building is named for Columbia alumnus Marcellus Hartley Dodge , who donated $ 300,000 for its construction shortly after his graduation . The building was meant as a memorial to his grandfather , Marcellus Hartley , the owner of Remington Arms , who died during Dodge 's sophomore year and who bequeathed him the family fortune . Dodge hoped to create `` the commencement of a true dormitory system '' at Columbia . Construction began on Hartley Hall in 1904 and it opened in tandem with Livingston Hall in 1905 , welcoming students with its lobby of marble and oak . 200 students were housed in corridor-style rooms of various sizes . Lounges provided opportunities for social events such as teas with professors , although there was not yet an undergraduate dining hall on campus . Rooms of the period cost $ 3.30 per week , or $ 129 for the academic year , which , although more expensive than a roominghouse , ultimately allowed even poor students to afford bearth there . University President Nicholas Murray Butler , who presided over the hall 's opening , noted that `` in the interest of true democracy , '' rooms were arranged to allow `` the poorer student to live in the same building and the same entry with him who is better off , and so avoids the chasm between rich and poor living in separate buildings , of which there is so much complaint at Harvard . '' Subsequently , the building became home , among others , to authors Allen Ginsberg and Jack Kerouac , who noted its cockroach problem . Overhauled during a 1980s renovation , the dorm is now organized into mostly two-story suites , where up to 15 students live in single and double rooms . The suites ' common space includes kitchens , bathrooms and living/dining areas . Along with neighboring Wallach Hall , it is currently part of the Living and Learning Center ( LLC ) , home to suite-style housing that intermingles all class levels and features interactive events designed to draw them together . An application process is required to obtain housing in either of the LLC dormitories . Hartley also houses Columbia 's undergraduate housing office . A small kosher deli used to be housed on the main floor . It was recently moved in 2007 to John Jay Hall .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bc17029c9e4ef9eae161f9fd0d27d374", "text": "Hall & Partners Hall & Partners is a brand and communications research agency with offices in London , New York , Los Angeles , Seattle , Chicago , Salt Lake City , Sydney , Melbourne , Singapore , Tokyo , and Delhi . They also maintain a network of global partners for conducting internationally focused work . The agency specializes in brand & communications research , specifically in the following areas : Brand positioning & strategy Communications strategy Channel planning Creative development & copy testing In-market tracking & modeling Their supposed `` expertise '' includes packaged goods , consumer services , business-to-business , e-brands , government and charity groups , consumer/business technology , and automotive ; they also have a specialist healthcare/pharmaceutical division . In 2003 , Hall & Partners became a member of the Omnicom Group .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c45f4f5334cadaf1d57b672a7bed1c9a", "text": "Grammy Award for Video of the Year The Grammy Award for Video of the Year was an honor presented to recording artists at the 24th Grammy Awards in 1982 and the 25th Grammy Awards in 1983 for music videos . The Grammy Awards , an annual ceremony that was established in 1958 and originally called the Gramophone Awards , are presented by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences of the United States to `` honor artistic achievement , technical proficiency and overall excellence in the recording industry , without regard to album sales or chart position '' . First presented in 1982 to Michael Nesmith for Elephant Parts , the award was reserved for quality `` video cassettes or discs in any format created specifically for the home video market '' . In 1983 , Olivia Newton-John was presented the award for Olivia Physical . Beginning with the 1984 Grammy Awards , the Video of the Year award category was replaced with the categories Best Video , Short Form and Best Video Album ( now known as Best Music Video and Best Music Film , respectively ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "265457bbd71c6794b018f6d68b1e85e8", "text": "25th Academy Awards The 25th Academy Awards ceremony was held on March 19 , 1953 . It took place at the RKO Pantages Theatre in Hollywood , California , and the NBC International Theatre in New York City . It was the first Academy Awards ceremony to be televised , and the first ceremony to be held in Hollywood and New York City simultaneously . It was also the only year that the New York ceremonies were to be held in the NBC International Theatre on Columbus Circle , which was shortly thereafter demolished and replaced by the New York Coliseum convention center . A major upset occurred in the category of Best Picture . The heavily favored High Noon lost to Cecil B. DeMille 's The Greatest Show on Earth , eventually considered among the worst films to have won the Academy Award for Best Picture . The American film magazine Premiere placed the movie on its list of the 10 worst Oscar winners and the British film magazine Empire rated it # 3 on their list of the 10 worst Oscar winners . It has the lowest spot on Rotten Tomatoes ' list of the 81 films to win Best Picture . Of all the films nominated for the Oscar this year , only High Noon and Singin ' in the Rain would show up 46 years later on the American Film Institute list of the greatest American films of the 20th Century . For a film that only received two nominations , Singin ' in the Rain went on to be named as the greatest American musical film of all time and in the 2007 American Film Institute updated list as the fifth greatest American film of all time , while High Noon was ranked twenty-seventh on the same 2007 list , as well . The Bad and the Beautiful won five awards , the most wins ever for a film not nominated for Best Picture . It was also the second Academy Awards in which a film not nominated for Best Picture received the most awards of the evening , excluding years where there were ties for the most wins . The only other film to do this was The Thief of Bagdad at the 13th Academy Awards ; as of the 87th Academy Awards , it has not happened since . Until Spotlight won only Best Picture and Best Original Screenplay at the 88th Academy Awards , this was the last year in which the Best Picture winner won just two Oscars . It was also the second of three years to date in which two films not nominated for Best Picture received more nominations than the winner ( The Bad and the Beautiful and Hans Christian Andersen , both with six ) . This occurred again at the 79th Academy Awards . Shirley Booth also became the last person to win an Oscar in a Leading Role to be born in the 19th century . She also holds the distinction of being the first woman in her 50s to win the award , at the age of 54 ( the second woman in her 50s to win , Julianne Moore , was 54 when awarded at the 87th Academy Awards ) . John Ford 's fourth win for Best Director set a record for the most wins in this category that remains unmatched to this day . For the first time since the introduction of Supporting Actor and Actress awards in 1936 , Best Picture , Best Director , and all four acting Oscars went to six different films . This has happened only three times since , at the 29th Academy Awards for 1956 , the 78th for 2005 , and the 85th for 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18a75c5ad0c17a861ba966e0fbe71d59", "text": "BAFTA Award for Best Film The BAFTA Award for Best Film is given annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts and presented at the British Academy Film Awards . It has been given since the 1st BAFTA Awards , representing the best films of 1947 , but until 1969 it was called the BAFTA Award for Best Film From Any Source . It is possible for films from any country to be nominated , although British films are also recognised in the category BAFTA Award for Best British Film and ( since 1983 ) foreign-language films in BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language . As such , there have been multiple occasions of a film being nominated in two of these categories . There has been one tie for the Best Film award when , in 1962 , Ballad of a Soldier tied with The Hustler for Best Film from any Source . Until 1981 , the award was given to the director , except in 1976 and 1977 , when it was given to the producers . From 1981 to 1985 , it was given solely to the producers , and then in 1986 , it was shared between the Director and Producer . In 1998 , it was once again given to only the producers . In the following lists , the titles and names in bold with a dark grey background are the winners and recipients respectively ; those not in bold are the nominees . The years given are those in which the films under consideration were released , not the year of the ceremony , which always takes place the following year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "72ff52b0de40ec8b27c13de38742efa6", "text": "Amy Hall Amy Hall is an English actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "56563307d80f178eefa7f73cb22d6e44", "text": "78th Academy Awards The 78th Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , took place on March 5 , 2006 , at the Kodak Theatre in Hollywood , Los Angeles beginning at 5:00 p.m. PST / 8:00 p.m. EST. . The ceremony was scheduled one week later than usual to avoid conflicting with the 2006 Winter Olympics . During the ceremony , AMPAS presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 24 categories honoring films released in 2005 . The ceremony , televised in the United States by ABC , was produced by Gil Cates and directed by Louis J. Horvitz . Actor Jon Stewart hosted the show for the first time . Two weeks earlier in a ceremony at The Beverly Hilton in Beverly Hills , California held on February 18 , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Rachel McAdams . Crash won three awards including Academy Award for Best Picture . Other winners included Brokeback Mountain , King Kong , and Memoirs of a Geisha also with three awards apiece , and Capote , The Chronicles of Narnia : The Lion , the Witch and the Wardrobe , The Constant Gardener , Hustle and Flow , March of the Penguins , The Moon and the Son : An Imagined Conversation , A Note of Triumph : The Golden Age of Norman Corwin , Six Shooter , Syriana , Tsotsi , Walk the Line , and Wallace & Gromit : The Curse of the Were-Rabbit with one each . The telecast garnered nearly 39 million viewers in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "752227b3b7a63d61f5f2d679802fae77", "text": "Golden Boot Awards The Golden Boot Awards is an American acknowledgment of achievement honoring actors , actresses , and crew members who have made significant contributions to the genre of Western television and movies . The award is sponsored and presented by the Motion Picture & Television Fund . Money raised at the award banquet is used to help finance various services offered by the Fund to those in the entertainment industry . Actor Pat Buttram conceived the idea of the Golden Boot Award , and the first ones were presented in 1983 . The awards appear to have been discontinued since 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "246d6650165524edfd0b799dfd4312af", "text": "York Theatre York Theatre is an Off-Broadway theatre company base in East Midtown Manhattan , New York City . In its 48th year , York Theatre is dedicated to the production of new musicals and concert productions of forgotten musicals from the past . Each season consists of three or four mainstage productions , six or more concert presentations and dozens of developmental readings . It has had several transfers of its work to larger off-Broadway theatres and to Broadway . The company was awarded a special Drama Desk Award in 1996 to its artistic director Janet Hayes Walker and in 2006 for its `` vital contributions to theater by developing and presenting new musicals '' . Since 1993 the company has performed in an intimate theatre that is part of St. Peter 's Church , in the Citigroup Center Complex at 619 Lexington Avenue at the corner of East 54th Street . The Oscar Hammerstein Award is named in honor of the legendary lyricist and librettist who helped shape American musical theatre through his collaborations with a number of different composers and writers . The award was created in 1988 by Janet Hayes Walker , the Founding Artistic Director of The York Theatre Company , and is presented with the endorsement of the Rodgers & Hammerstein Organization and the Hammerstein family . The Oscar Hammerstein Award Gala is the major annual fundraising event of The York , a mainstay of the Off-Broadway scene for more than 45 years . Past recipients include Stephen Sondheim , Betty Comden & Adolph Green , Harold Prince , Cy Coleman , Charles Strouse , Arthur Laurents , Jerry Herman , Stephen Schwartz , Peter Stone , David Merrick , John Kander & Fred Ebb , Terrence McNally , Sir Cameron Mackintosh , Carol Channing , Tony Walton , Joseph Stein , Thomas Meehan , Jerry Bock and Sheldon Harnick , Barbara Cook , Paul Gemignani , Lynn Ahrens & Stephen Flaherty . In November , 2015 , the 24th Oscar Hammerstein Award was presented to Angela Lansbury in a star-studded tribute evening .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d4ed3a7866539db05d43a63dab0060c1", "text": "Jordan Hall Jordan Hall is a 1,019-seat concert hall in Boston , Massachusetts , the principal performance space of the New England Conservatory . It is one block from Boston 's Symphony Hall , and together they are considered two of America 's most acoustically perfect performance spaces . It is the only conservatory building in the United States to be designated a National Historic Landmark . The hall opened in 1903 , as a gift of Eben D. Jordan II , a Conservatory trustee and a Jordan of the Jordan Marsh retail store . Its architect was Edmund M. Wheelwright of Boston 's Wheelwright & Haven , who later designed nearby Horticultural Hall . The hall 's unusual square floor plan reflects its underlying plot of land but despite its shape , the hall has excellent acoustics , and all seats on both the main floor and horseshoe-shaped balcony have unobstructed views of the stage . The hall 's prominent organ is modeled upon one found in a church within the former hospital complex of Santa Maria della Scala in Siena , now a museum . The dedication concert of Jordan Hall , performed by the Boston Symphony Orchestra , took place on October 20 , 1903 , and created quite a stir . Effusive newspaper accounts deemed the hall `` unequaled the world over , '' and the Boston Globe reported that it was `` a place of entertainment that European musicians who were present that evening say excels in beauty anything of the kind they ever saw . '' Even a decade later , it describes itself as an `` imposing Conservatory Building '' . Jordan Hall has won numerous awards since its restoration in 1995 , including the 1996 Massachusetts Historical Commission Preservation Award , the Victorian Society in America 's Preservation Commendation , the 1996 Boston Preservation Alliance Award , the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America Award of Merit , and the Illuminating Engineering Society 1996 Lumen Award . The Conservatory 's main building , which includes Jordan Hall , was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980 and designated a National Historic Landmark in 1994 ; in both cases the name used is New England Conservatory of Music . Innumerable performances have taken place in Jordan Hall , including some 650 student performances a year as well as appearances by virtually every important classical musician of the past century . That list includes performers Nadia Boulanger , Pablo Casals , the Martha Graham Dance Company , James Galway , pianists Cyril Scott , Ferruccio Busoni , Angela Hewitt , Radu Lupu , Rudolf Serkin , Richard Goode , Krystian Zimerman , Garrick Ohlsson , Yundi Li , clarinetist Richard Stoltzman and violinist Isaac Stern ; vocalists Marian Anderson , Peter Pears , Dawn Upshaw , Ben Heppner , David Daniels , and Lorraine Hunt Lieberson ; guitarists Andrés Segovia , Christopher Parkening , Julian Bream , and Sérgio and Odair Assad ; conductors Arthur Fiedler and Kurt Masur ; composers Béla Bartók , Benjamin Britten , John Cage , Olivier Messiaen , and Aaron Copland ; jazz legends Stan Getz and Benny Goodman ; The Yale Whiffenpoofs ; and the Budapest , Juilliard , Guarneri and Tokyo string quartets . Jordan Hall is home to From the Top , a National Public Radio classical music show hosted by New England Conservatory alumnus Christopher O'Riley . In addition , the Boston Modern Orchestra Project , New England String Ensemble , Festival Youth Orchestra , the Boston Civic Symphony , and the Boston Philharmonic play many of their concerts at Jordan Hall . In 1973 , The New England Ragtime Ensemble , then a student group called The New England Conservatory Ragtime Ensemble , recorded their Grammy Award-winning album `` The Red Back Book '' on the Jordan Hall stage .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "121f9db8094891a544a9303d5de71802", "text": "Michael Cieply Michael Cieply ( born 1951 ) is an entertainment industry writer , first for the Wall Street Journal and then for Talk magazine and as a media correspondent for The New York Times . Here he covers Hollywood for the media desk . He joined The New York Times in 2004 , as a movie editor . In the 1990s , he worked as a film producer for Sony for eight and a half years where he was producing or trying to produce movies and TV programs . While working for Sony , Cieply would consult with Ray Stark Productions . He was a production executive for a number of companies , including ABC , Columbia Pictures , Disney , Fox , Universal , and United Airlines . Cieply also was an editor and reporter for Los Angeles Times , where he covered entertainment and media for the business section and for various publications such as Forbes magazine and The Wall Street Journal . He is currently a staff editor in the Culture section of The New York Times . Cieply was the West Coast editor of Inside.com , a website covering the media and entertainment industries . He has covered entertainment for over 17 years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d4e4096fa2c3b016656f13f78942254", "text": "Christopher Hall Christopher Hall may refer to :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "97e69b12cafe8bac808c75e5d636fa5b", "text": "Golden Raspberry Awards The Golden Raspberry Awards ( often shortened to Razzies and Razzie Awards ) is an award in recognition of the worst in film . Co-founded by UCLA film graduates and film-industry veterans , John J. B. Wilson and Mo Murphy , the annual Razzie Awards ceremony in Los Angeles precedes the corresponding Academy Awards ceremony by one day . The term raspberry in the name is used in its irreverent sense , as in `` blowing a raspberry '' . The awards themselves are in the form of a `` golf ball-sized raspberry '' which sits atop a Super 8 mm film reel , the whole of which is spray painted gold . The first Golden Raspberry Awards ceremony was held on March 31 , 1981 , at John J. B. Wilson 's living-room alcove in Los Angeles , to honor the worst in film of the 1980 film season . The 37th ceremony was held on February 25 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "33df8cdbcd549d4a5e96a40a8cd8d3c5", "text": "Theatre World Theatre World is the only ( first published in 1945 ) , comprehensive , annual pictorial and statistical record of American theatre in print publication , including Broadway , Off-Broadway , Off-Off-Broadway , and regional theatre , as well as a complete national theatrical awards section and obituaries . Including over 750 photographs , it is the definitive pictorial and statistical reference to each American theatrical season , and is referenced daily by industry professionals , students , historians , and theatre fans worldwide . Until 1998 , the Theatre World editorial staff administered the Theatre World Awards for Outstanding Broadway and off-Broadway debuts . First under the supervision of Theatre World founder Daniel Blum and then under John Willis , who took over the production of the Awards following Blum 's death in 1964 , the Theatre World Awards were first given to those recipients considered `` Promising Personalities . '' In 1998 , the Theatre World Awards were incorporated as a 501 ( c ) 3 nonprofit organization and are currently overseen by a board of directors independent of `` Theatre World . '' Theatre World is the recipient of a 2001 Tony Honor for Excellence in Theatre , presented by the American Theatre Wing , and on behalf of the publication , longtime editor-in-chief John Willis ( 1916-2010 ) accepted honors including the first Special Lucille Lortel Award , a Special Drama Desk Award , and the Broadway Theatre Institute ( now The Theatre Museum ) Lifetime Achievement Award . Theatre World is published annually by Theatre World Media and distributed by Applause Theatre and Cinema Books . The permanent editorial staff currently consists of Ben Hodges , editor in chief , and coeditor Scott Denny . Current editorial staff includes Adam Feldman of Time Out New York ( Broadway ) , Linda Buchwald TDF Stages ( Off-Broadway ) , Shay Gines New York Innovative Theatre Awards ( Off-Off-Broadway ) , and Diep Tran American Theatre Magazine ( Regional theatre ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7e83fa88cab067a683d5a8f5c3b7e0a6", "text": "25th Golden Globe Awards The 25th Golden Globe Awards , honoring the best achievements in 1967 , were held on 12 February 1968 . 25th Golden Globe Awards February 12 , 1968 Film - Drama : In The Heat of the Night Film - Musical or Comedy : The Graduate TV Show : Mission : Impossible", "title": "" } ]	fever
6bf8c7da9905f97fea74bf89e1cda8e6	Atomic Blonde is based on a 2017 graphic novel.	[ { "docid": "cc3ed93c9a50a45eeb467adeaa0614b8", "text": "Atomic Blonde Atomic Blonde is a 2017 American action spy thriller film directed by David Leitch and written by Kurt Johnstad . It is based on Antony Johnston and Sam Hart 's 2012 graphic novel The Coldest City , which revolves around a spy who has to find a list of double agents who are being smuggled into the West . The film stars Charlize Theron , James McAvoy , John Goodman , Til Schweiger , Eddie Marsan , Sofia Boutella , and Toby Jones . This will be Leitch 's first solo credit as director , after co-directing John Wick with Chad Stahelski . The film had its world premiere at South by Southwest on March 12 , 2017 . It will be released theatrically on July 28 , 2017 , by Focus Features .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "04263e0ec353cc3c5718388512fe4f59", "text": "Albion (comics) Albion is a six-issue comic book limited series plotted by Alan Moore , written by his daughter Leah Moore and her husband John Reppion , with covers by Dave Gibbons and art by Shane Oakley and George Freeman . As a result of a deal forged by Vice-President Bob Wayne of DC Comics and Publishing Director Andrew Sumner of IPC Media , it was published through DC Comics ' WildStorm imprint . The series aimed to revive classic IPC-owned British comics characters such as Captain Hurricane , Robot Archie , The Steel Claw and The Spider ( as well as minor characters like Fishboy and Faceache ) , all of whom appeared in comics published by Odhams Press and later IPC Media during the 1960s and early 1970s , such as Valiant and Lion . Debuting with a cover date of August , 2005 the first two issues were released monthly , with the third issue delayed two months ( Moore & Reppion cited delays in scheduling impacting the art production ) . Initially solicited release between October 2005 and January 2006 , issues 4 -- 6 were subsequently resolicited , and finally released throughout 2006 , with cover dates between June and November . The TPB collection followed swiftly after No. 6 was released in both the US and UK , from WildStorm and Titan Books respectively .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "58752bd3062d39a03599ddba7be2d2d6", "text": "NTR: Netsuzou Trap is a yuri shōjo manga series by Kodama Naoko . The series started in November 2014 , and appears as an ongoing serial in the monthly manga magazine Comic Yuri Hime . It is published in North America by Seven Seas Entertainment . The English version of the manga has received various reviews from critics that range from talking about the artwork , to intended audiences . An anime adaptation by Creators in Pack will premiere in July 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1c9d150a583ae9dd0c39c70572dc3b70", "text": "Infinite Comics Infinite Comics is an imprint of comic books published by Marvel Comics , featuring original , made-for-digital stories about the company 's superhero characters , including Spider-Man , Wolverine , the Guardians of the Galaxy , the Silver Surfer , the X-Men and the Avengers . The imprint was launched in 2012 with the publication of Avengers vs. X-Men # 1 : Infinite featuring Nova . Infinite Comics are designed for horizontal , on-screen reading . Rather than telling a story over a series of static pages that are divided into panels , Infinite Comics present screens of content that `` take advantage of the digital format with techniques that would not be possible in a print comic , like dynamic panel transitions and captions or dialogue boxes that appear sequentially on an image at the prompting of the reader . '' The user retains control over the pace of the reading experience , advancing the story with each swipe -- sometimes staggering elements into the existing screen ( for example , a new word balloon ) and at other times revealing an entirely new screen . This narrative technique was inspired by the work of a French comic book artist , Yves Bigerel ( alias `` Balak '' ) , who was recruited by Marvel as artistic consultant , storyboarder and artist .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "936dafaa10a1ece6d4530de0956d71de", "text": "Superman: World of New Krypton Superman : World of New Krypton is a twelve-issue American comic book limited series produced by DC Comics . It is written by the team of James Robinson and Greg Rucka , who at the time of this publication are the current writers of the Superman and Action Comics titles , and illustrated by artist Pete Woods . World of New Krypton takes place after the crossover Superman : New Krypton , in which approximately 100,000 Kryptonians and their city of Kandor are saved by Superman from the alien Brainiac and restored to existence . After spending time on Earth , the Kryptonians raise the city into space where they form the planet New Krypton in Earth 's solar system .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a64288dabda743cd08b001a75fdce231", "text": "My Friend Dahmer (film) My Friend Dahmer is a 2017 American film directed by Marc Meyers and based on the graphic novel of the same name by Derf . It premiered at the 2017 Tribeca Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bcf0bde025d3b043178b4fe9ebd3ac0d", "text": "Blonde Cobra Blonde Cobra is a 1963 short film directed by experimental filmmaker Ken Jacobs . Footage for the unique and at the time controversial film was shot by Bob Flieshner . Marc Siegel in the book 1001 Movies You Must See Before You Die states that the 33 minute film is `` generally considered to be one of the masterpieces of the New York underground film scene , and that it is a `` fascinating audio-visual testament to the tragicomic performance of the inimitable Jack Smith '' , who was a photographer and filmmaker and `` queer muse '' in New York avant-garde art in the 1960s and 1970s . The film captures Smith wearing dresses and makeup , playing with dolls , and smoking marijuana . Paul Arthur writes that the film contains `` dizzying quasi-autobiographical rants '' which spin on sadism , and that like Jacobs ' Little Stabs At Happiness , it contains `` languid improvisations studded with the bare bones of narrative incident or , more accurately , its collapse '' . The film contains Smith droning and singing and wildly cooing and cackling in parts of the film . The `` lonely little boy '' episode about a little boy living in a large house with 10 rooms has been cited as being `` potentially repugnant to many viewers '' because of its exploration of sadism against children and childhood sexuality . In this episode the narrator confesses to have `` blown up the penis '' of a 7-year-old boy with a match . The film contains numerous other elements which were shocking at the time of release such as references to necrophilia , the use of the word `` cunt '' , the confession of a nun ( impersonated in a posh high-pitched voice by Smith ) to lesbianism , the holding of a giant would-be dildo , and a portrayal of tranvestites . The film features quotes such as `` Why shave when I ca n't think of a reason for living '' and `` life is a sad business '' , quoting Greta Garbo . `` Let 's Call the Whole Thing Off '' is then played , described as a `` burlesque rendering '' of Robert Siodmak 's 1944 film Cobra Woman . The last scene captures Smith stabbing a man in the chest . Hilary Radner and Moya Luckett consider the film to be a camp portrayal of Rose Hobart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "32fd72379f13bb08d157b4cab2d7ab1c", "text": "The New 52: Futures End The New 52 : Futures End is an eleven-month weekly comic book miniseries , published by DC Comics , that began in May 2014 and ran through April 2015 . The series is set five years in The New 52 's future , and is written by Brian Azzarello , Keith Giffen , Dan Jurgens , and Jeff Lemire . Covers for the series are drawn by Ryan Sook .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6a9140ae0d406062f4139286f7a816a8", "text": "Blondie (comic strip) Blondie is an American comic strip created by cartoonist Chic Young . Distributed by King Features Syndicate , the strip has been published in newspapers since September 8 , 1930 . The success of the strip , which features the eponymous blonde and her sandwich-loving husband , led to the long-running Blondie film series ( 1938 -- 1950 ) and the popular Blondie radio program ( 1939 -- 1950 ) . Chic Young drew Blondie until his death in 1973 , when creative control passed to his son Dean Young , who continues to write the strip . Young has collaborated with a number of artists on Blondie , including Jim Raymond , Mike Gersher , Stan Drake , Denis Lebrun , and John Marshall . Through these changes , Blondie has remained popular , appearing in more than 2,000 newspapers in 47 countries and has been translated into 35 languages . Since 2006 , Blondie has also been available via email through King Features ' DailyINK service .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a1fc918d346d549f7a6246e36b39064", "text": "The Boulevard of Broken Dreams (comics) The Boulevard of Broken Dreams , is a 2002 graphic novel by Kim Deitch . In 2005 , Time chose it as one of the 100 best English language , graphic novels ever written .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "119c61475141ef1d51ae6edcab3d863f", "text": "Little Boy (film) Little Boy is a 2015 World War II war fantasy-drama film directed by Alejandro Gómez Monteverde . The screenplay is by Monteverde and Pepe Portillo , and the film was produced by Eduardo Verástegui and Leo Severino , edited by Joan Sobel and Fernando Villena . The film stars Jakob Salvati , Emily Watson , Cary-Hiroyuki Tagawa , Michael Rapaport , David Henrie , Ben Chaplin , Eduardo Verástegui , Ted Levine , Abraham Benrubi , Tom Wilkinson . The title is a reference to Little Boy , the code name for the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima as well as a reference to Pepper , the main character 's height . The film was co-produced by Metanoia Films and Santa Fé Films and was released on April 24 , 2015 , by Open Road Films . It was released on DVD and Blu-ray on August 18 , 2015 by Universal Pictures Home Entertainment . The film received negative reviews from mainstream critics and it earned $ 17 million on a $ 20 million budget . The story of the movie is being used in the 2017 Bollywood movie Tubelight starring Salman Khan in the lead role .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "349038660839066f1fbaf909354ff99a", "text": "Girls' Love Stories Girls ' Love Stories was an American romance comic book magazine published by DC Comics in the United States . Started in 1949 as DC 's first romance title , it ran for 180 issues , ending with the Nov-Dec 1973 issue . The stories covered such topics as girls worrying about getting a man , or marrying out of pressure , not love . Some of the early covers were photographs . The book 's initial tagline was `` True to Life ! '' Writers for the title included Bob Kanigher and George Kashdan . Notable artists for Girls ' Love Stories included Tony Abruzzo , Vince Colletta , Bill Draut , Frank Giacoia , Gil Kane , Bob Oksner , Art Peddy , Jay Scott Pike , John Romita Sr. , Joe Rosen , John Rosenberger , Bernard Sachs , and Mike Sekowsky .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2e8785b492efab16139edb0066a32703", "text": "Enomoto: New Elements that Shake the World is a manga written and drawn by Shunji Enomoto . It appeared in Kodansha 's Weekly Morning from 1997 to 2003 and has been gathered into nine book collections . It is filled with extreme scatological and sexual humor on a gargantuan scale . The series centers on the exploits of the shameless and irresponsible salaryman Gosuke Maeda , his equally unhinged preadolescent son Michiro , and various depraved co-workers , including the obsessive voyeur and exhibitionist Tamura and the unsmiling closet dominatrix Kuzuhara .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ce261415116b23b4da8c6e435dd6c784", "text": "Atomised Atomised , also known as The Elementary Particles ( Les Particules élémentaires ) , is a novel by the French author Michel Houellebecq , published in France in 1998 . It tells the story of two half-brothers , Michel and Bruno , and their mental struggles against their situations in modern society . It was translated into English by Frank Wynne as Atomised in the UK and as The Elementary Particles in the US . It won the International IMPAC Dublin Literary Award for writer and translator .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "86380c5b75a32ebd82aa279efab73d56", "text": "Black Joke (manga) is a Japanese manga series written by Rintaro Koike and illustrated by Masayuki Taguchi . It is based in a fictional world where Japan is the 51st state of the United States , and a man-made island known as Neon is the only place in American territory where gambling and prostitution are legal . The island of Neon is home to many members of numerous mafia organizations . The story centers on Kira Kiyoshi , an ex-Marine and manager of the Onsen Hotel on the island of Neon , as well as a member of the only Japanese mafia on the island .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da321c0d37dd34d064a313286ff15be8", "text": "List of The New York Times Manga Best Sellers The New York Times Best Seller list for manga published in the United States was introduced on March 5 , 2009 , along with two additional lists for hardcover and paperback graphic novels . The three lists are grouped under the `` Graphic Books '' category . Deborah Hoffman , an editor for the Best Seller lists , explained that the term `` Graphic Books '' was selected to create an `` inclusive and expansive '' list which can extend to works of both fiction and non-fiction . Journalist George Gustines announced , in his introduction of the new lists , `` Comics have finally joined the mainstream . '' The announcement was made the week the film Watchmen , based on the comic book of the same name , was released in movie theaters throughout the U.S. . The Best Seller lists are printed weekly in The New York Times Book Review magazine , which is published in the Sunday edition of The New York Times and as a stand-alone publication . Gustines explained the methodology used to determine the rankings : Rankings reflect sales of graphic novels -LSB- ... -RSB- at many thousands of venues where a wide range of books are sold nationwide . These include hundreds of independent book retailers ( statistically weighted to represent all such outlets ) ; national , regional and local chains ; online and multimedia entertainment retailers ; university , gift , supermarket , discount department stores and newsstands . In addition , these rankings also include unit sales reported by retailers nationwide that specialize in graphic novels and comic books . On multiple occasions , manga have been listed outside its designated list . Mike Kiley , then-Senior Vice President of the publisher Tokyopop , explained in 2010 that it has become more difficult to draw a distinguishing line between works that are manga and manga-inspired , such as Korean manhwa and American original English language ( OEL ) manga . A Drifting Life , an autobiographical manga by Yoshihiro Tatsumi , appeared on the May 3 , 2009 , Best Seller list for paperback graphic novels , where it ranked third . X-Men : Misfits , an original English manga based on the X-Men comic book franchise , ranked fifth at its debut on the August 30 , 2009 , paperback graphic novels list , and stayed on the chart for five consecutive weeks . The first volume of a manhwa adaptation of the popular vampire-themed Twilight novels by Stephenie Meyer remained on the hardcover graphic novels Best Seller list for 27 consecutive weeks in 2010 . In January 2017 , the Times decided to stop producing the separate manga best seller list .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "75a665c4a537f89d2c7d75d7a00c106c", "text": "Chilling Adventures of Sabrina Chilling Adventures of Sabrina is an American comic book published by Archie Horror , an imprint of Archie Comics , beginning in 2014 , focusing on Sabrina Spellman during her teenage years in the 1960s . It is written by Roberto Aguirre-Sacasa , with art by Robert Hack , and is inspired by the appearances of Sabrina in Aguirre-Sacasa 's other Archie series , Afterlife with Archie .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "34b4351c1e4279aabc5eb8df9bf84f88", "text": "Atomic Age (comics) Atomic Age is a four-issue comic-book miniseries , cover-dated November 1990 to February 1991 , published by the Marvel Comics creator-owned imprint Epic Comics . It was created by writer Frank Lovece and penciler Mike Okamoto , and inked by Al Williamson . The series was among the items featured in the Bowling Green State University exhibition `` The Atomic Age Opens : Selections from the Popular Culture Library . '' Collaborator Al Williamson won the 1991 Eisner Award for Best Inker for his work on it and other series that awards-year , with Okamoto winning the Russ Manning Award for most promising newcomer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fd06f29f41928816ca9fce651cca6279", "text": "Akira (manga) Akira ( often stylized as AKIRA ) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Katsuhiro Otomo . Set in a post-apocalyptic Neo-Tokyo , the work uses conventions of the cyberpunk genre to detail a saga of turmoil . Initially serialized in the pages of Young Magazine from 1982 until 1990 , the work was collected into six volumes by its publisher Kodansha . The work was first published in an English-language version by the Marvel Comics imprint Epic Comics , one of the first manga works to be translated in its entirety . Otomo 's art is considered outstanding , and a breakthrough for both Otomo and the manga form . Throughout the breadth of the work , Otomo explores themes of social isolation , corruption , and power . An animated film adaptation ( anime ) was released in 1988 which shortened the plot considerably , but retained much of the main character and plot structures from the manga as well as many original scenes and settings . The manga takes place in a longer time frame than the film , and involves a much wider array of characters and subplots . Otomo 's Akira anime marked his transition from a career primarily in manga , to one almost exclusively in anime . Akira was instrumental in an upsurge of manga popularity outside Japan , especially as Epic Comics ' edition was colorized and coincided with the release of the film . It has won several awards , including the Kodansha Manga and Harvey Awards , and is named as being an important title in the French manga explosion .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aafa2a5cbd0258d7027acbbd2ed8e625", "text": "I Saved Too Many Girls and Caused the Apocalypse is a Japanese light novel series written by Namekojirushi and illustrated by Nao Watanuki , which has been published by Hobby Japan under their HJ Bunko imprint since June 2011 . A manga adaptation drawn by Kouji Hasegawa is serialized in Comic Dangan . J-Novel Club has licensed the novels in North America .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9f8dac6c804fb086def66736411e6aea", "text": "Britten and Brülightly Britten and Brülightly is a British graphic novel written and illustrated by Hannah Berry , and published by Random House under their Jonathan Cape imprint on April 3 , 2008 .", "title": "" } ]	fever
f94d01749553232cab47530cfa06de49	Walter Matthau won the Golden Globe and Tony awards.	[ { "docid": "50a94473f2691f9c4ecc59e5a06fe3ba", "text": "Walter Matthau Walter Matthau ( -LSB- ˈmæθaʊ -RSB- October 1 , 1920 -- July 1 , 2000 ) was an American actor and comedian , best known for his role as Oscar Madison in The Odd Couple and its sequel 30 years later , The Odd Couple II , and his frequent collaborations with Odd Couple co-star Jack Lemmon , particularly in the '90s with Grumpy Old Men and its sequel Grumpier Old Men . He won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in the 1966 Billy Wilder film The Fortune Cookie . Besides the Oscar , he was the winner of BAFTA , Golden Globe and Tony awards .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "752227b3b7a63d61f5f2d679802fae77", "text": "Golden Boot Awards The Golden Boot Awards is an American acknowledgment of achievement honoring actors , actresses , and crew members who have made significant contributions to the genre of Western television and movies . The award is sponsored and presented by the Motion Picture & Television Fund . Money raised at the award banquet is used to help finance various services offered by the Fund to those in the entertainment industry . Actor Pat Buttram conceived the idea of the Golden Boot Award , and the first ones were presented in 1983 . The awards appear to have been discontinued since 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2227ab834f2434a56ea7f9dd5140e677", "text": "Laurence Olivier Award for Best New Musical The Laurence Olivier Award for Best New Musical is an annual award presented by The Society of London Theatre in recognition of achievements in commercial British theatre . The awards were established as the Society of West End Theatre Awards in 1976 , and , renamed in 1984 in honour of English actor Lord Olivier .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "07af82ce2682612efcc06729d595ab05", "text": "Cactus Flower (film) Cactus Flower is a 1969 American comedy film directed by Gene Saks and starring Walter Matthau , Ingrid Bergman , and Goldie Hawn , who won an Oscar for her performance . The screenplay was adapted by I. A. L. Diamond from the Broadway play of the same name written by Abe Burrows , which in turn was based upon the French play Fleur de cactus by Pierre Barillet and Jean-Pierre Grédy . The film was the seventh highest grossing film of 1970 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d1db2ebf5d6d7b3938993fa90fa5e398", "text": "A Night at the Met A Night at the Met is the third official album release by Robin Williams on August 9 , 1986 . It features segments recorded live at Metropolitan Opera House in New York City . The album won the 1988 Grammy Award for Best Comedy Performance Single or Album , Spoken or Musical . The album was released the year before Williams ' critically acclaimed performance in the motion picture Good Morning , Vietnam ( 1987 ) . He had been shifting his focus from stand-up comedy to film making for several years , and A Night at the Met would be one of his last major concerts during the 1980s . The show is a mix of Williams ' quick-witted humor and voice work , with rants on the topics of drugs , sex , world affairs , and parenting . References to the events and people of the 1980s are mentioned heavily throughout ; U.S. President Ronald Reagan , Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi , and President of the Soviet Union Mikhail Gorbachev are central to many of the jokes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "696176d03752a3544d91a4edaa68cb3c", "text": "Golda's Balcony Golda 's Balcony is a play by William Gibson . It follows the trajectory of the life of Golda Meir from Russian immigrant to American schoolteacher to a leader of international politics as the fourth Prime Minister of Israel . Much of its focus is on the period surrounding the 1973 Yom Kippur War , when Israel was attacked by Egypt and Syria . Gibson 's drama suggests Meir threatened Richard Nixon and Henry Kissinger with the launch of nuclear weapons against her enemies , conceivably starting World War III , unless the U.S. came to her country 's aid . Gibson first explored Meir in 1977 in his multi-character work Golda , which was produced on Broadway with Anne Bancroft in the title role . Never fully satisfied with the piece , he decided to tackle the subject matter , this time in the form of a one-woman play . Golda 's Balcony , produced by David Fishelson , opened Off-Broadway at Manhattan Ensemble Theatre ( `` MET '' ) on March 26 , 2003 , where it sold out its entire 16-week run . Three months after closing Off-Broadway , the MET production , also starring Tovah Feldshuh and produced by Fishelson ( directed by Scott Schwartz ) , opened on October 15 , 2003 at the Helen Hayes Theatre , where it ran for 14 previews and 493 performances , making it the longest-running one-woman show in Broadway history . Feldshuh was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play and won the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Solo Performance . In 2006 the play was adapted into a film of the same title , starring Valerie Harper . The term `` Golda 's Balcony '' refers to the nickname given to an area inside the secretive Dimona nuclear weapons facility from which visiting VIPs can observe some of the activity taking place in the underground portion of the facility .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f6eb297b48968490ec90cfe57f9a256e", "text": "List of awards and nominations received by Lin-Manuel Miranda The following is a list of awards and nominations received by American playwright , composer , and performer Lin-Manuel Miranda . Among his numerous accolades , Miranda has won a Pulitzer Prize , three Tony Awards , two Grammys , an Emmy , and has been nominated for an Academy Award . He additionally was the recipient of a MacArthur Fellowship in 2015 . In 2016 , Time magazine included him in its annual Time 100 as one of the `` Most Influential People in the World '' and he received a star on the Puerto Rico Walk of Fame .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1390cefcdc4917e567be479c83166be6", "text": "10th Tony Awards The 10th Annual Tony Awards took place at the Plaza Hotel Grand Ballroom on April 1 , 1956 . The Master of Ceremonies was Jack Carter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "99120be6dd892de1cd84e52eff5ab785", "text": "Theatre Communications Group Theatre Communications Group ( TCG ) is a non-profit service organization dedicated to nurturing , strengthening and promoting professional non-profit theatre in the United States . As of 2014 , TCG has over 700 member theatres located in 47 states ; 172,000 individual members ; and 150 University , Trustee and other business affiliates . TCG is currently headquartered at 520 Eighth Avenue in mid-town Manhattan . TCG offers training , networking and research opportunities to its members , including their annual Fiscal Survey and the resulting publication , the TCG TheatreFacts Report . In addition , TCG awards over $ 2 million in grants each year to nonprofit theatres and individual theatre artists through philanthropic partnerships , including the MetLife/TCG A-ha ! Program . Each year , the organization hosts a number of events for its members on special topics in the nonprofit theatrical industry , including the Fall Forum for Governance in New York City and the annual TCG National Conference , held in a different American city each year . The organization also publishes American Theatre magazine and ARTSEARCH , a theatrical employment bulletin , as well as trade editions of play scripts , including ten winners of the Pulitzer Prize for Drama . TCG was awarded Tony Honors for Excellence in Theatre in 2005 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5df96c0814e26b36c1c686b0693dcb1b", "text": "26th Academy Awards The 26th Academy Awards honored the best in films of 1953 . The second national telecast of the Awards show drew an estimated 43 million viewers . Shirley Booth , appearing in a play in Philadelphia , presented the Best Actor award through a live broadcast cut-in , and privately received the winner 's name over the telephone from co-host Donald O'Connor . ( Actor Fredric March co-hosted from New York City . ) Gary Cooper filmed his presentation of the Best Actress award in advance on a set in Mexico , with O'Connor announcing the winner 's name . All the major winners in this year were black-and-white films . The big winner was Fred Zinnemann 's From Here to Eternity , with thirteen nominations and eight awards including Best Picture , Best Supporting Actor , Best Supporting Actress , Best Director , Best Screenplay ( Daniel Taradash ) , Best Cinematography ( Burnett Guffey ) , Best Sound , and Best Film Editing . All five of its major actors and actresses were nominated , with secondary players Donna Reed and Frank Sinatra taking home Oscars . The candid film was based on James Jones ' controversial , best-selling novel about Army life on a Hawaiian ( Oahu ) military base just prior to the Pearl Harbor attack and World War II , illustrating the conflict between an individualistic private ( Montgomery Clift ) and rigid institutional authority ( exemplified by the Army ) . Its achievement of eight awards matched the then record held by Gone with the Wind ( 1939 ) . The record would be tied again the following year by On the Waterfront ( 1954 ) . Walt Disney won four awards , which remains the record for the most Oscars won in the same year . William Holden 's speech for Best Actor for his role in Stalag 17 was simply `` Thank You '' , making it one of the shortest speeches ever ; the TV broadcast had a strict cutoff time which forced Holden 's quick remarks . The frustrated Holden personally paid for advertisements in the Hollywood trade publications to thank everyone he wanted to on Oscar night . He also remarked that he felt that either Burt Lancaster or Montgomery Clift should have won the Best Actor Oscar for From Here to Eternity , instead of him .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b964a22cec95a2b63a32eb8075611418", "text": "Producers Guild of America Award The Producers Guild of America Award was originally established in 1990 by the Producers Guild of America as the Golden Laurel Awards , created by PGA Treasurer Joel Freeman with the support of Guild President Leonard Stern , in order to honor the visionaries who produce and execute motion picture and television product . The ceremony has been hosted each year by celebrity host/presenters , including Nick Clooney , Michael Douglas , Robert Guillaume , James Earl Jones , Jack Lemmon , Shirley MacLaine , Garry Marshall , Walter Matthau , Ronald Reagan , Marlo Thomas , Grant Tinker , and Ted Turner , among others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "265457bbd71c6794b018f6d68b1e85e8", "text": "25th Academy Awards The 25th Academy Awards ceremony was held on March 19 , 1953 . It took place at the RKO Pantages Theatre in Hollywood , California , and the NBC International Theatre in New York City . It was the first Academy Awards ceremony to be televised , and the first ceremony to be held in Hollywood and New York City simultaneously . It was also the only year that the New York ceremonies were to be held in the NBC International Theatre on Columbus Circle , which was shortly thereafter demolished and replaced by the New York Coliseum convention center . A major upset occurred in the category of Best Picture . The heavily favored High Noon lost to Cecil B. DeMille 's The Greatest Show on Earth , eventually considered among the worst films to have won the Academy Award for Best Picture . The American film magazine Premiere placed the movie on its list of the 10 worst Oscar winners and the British film magazine Empire rated it # 3 on their list of the 10 worst Oscar winners . It has the lowest spot on Rotten Tomatoes ' list of the 81 films to win Best Picture . Of all the films nominated for the Oscar this year , only High Noon and Singin ' in the Rain would show up 46 years later on the American Film Institute list of the greatest American films of the 20th Century . For a film that only received two nominations , Singin ' in the Rain went on to be named as the greatest American musical film of all time and in the 2007 American Film Institute updated list as the fifth greatest American film of all time , while High Noon was ranked twenty-seventh on the same 2007 list , as well . The Bad and the Beautiful won five awards , the most wins ever for a film not nominated for Best Picture . It was also the second Academy Awards in which a film not nominated for Best Picture received the most awards of the evening , excluding years where there were ties for the most wins . The only other film to do this was The Thief of Bagdad at the 13th Academy Awards ; as of the 87th Academy Awards , it has not happened since . Until Spotlight won only Best Picture and Best Original Screenplay at the 88th Academy Awards , this was the last year in which the Best Picture winner won just two Oscars . It was also the second of three years to date in which two films not nominated for Best Picture received more nominations than the winner ( The Bad and the Beautiful and Hans Christian Andersen , both with six ) . This occurred again at the 79th Academy Awards . Shirley Booth also became the last person to win an Oscar in a Leading Role to be born in the 19th century . She also holds the distinction of being the first woman in her 50s to win the award , at the age of 54 ( the second woman in her 50s to win , Julianne Moore , was 54 when awarded at the 87th Academy Awards ) . John Ford 's fourth win for Best Director set a record for the most wins in this category that remains unmatched to this day . For the first time since the introduction of Supporting Actor and Actress awards in 1936 , Best Picture , Best Director , and all four acting Oscars went to six different films . This has happened only three times since , at the 29th Academy Awards for 1956 , the 78th for 2005 , and the 85th for 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "92de842d2de777ad24787d857ad94102", "text": "Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy The Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture -- Musical or Comedy has been awarded annually since 1952 by the Hollywood Foreign Press Association ( HFPA ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "85de64213596aa316c9a5d0db134a88a", "text": "Green Card (film) Green Card is a 1990 romantic comedy film written , produced , directed by Peter Weir and starring Gérard Depardieu and Andie MacDowell . The screenplay focuses on an American woman who enters into a marriage of convenience with a Frenchman so he can obtain a green card and remain in the United States . Depardieu won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor . The film won the Golden Globe for Best Motion Picture -- Musical or Comedy , and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "de618f64d3c06a7157a7ddc9cf31e1b0", "text": "9th Primetime Emmy Awards The 9th Emmy Awards , later referred to as the 9th Primetime Emmy Awards , were held on March 16 , 1957 to honor the best in television of the year . The ceremony was held at the NBC Studios in Burbank , California . Desi Arnaz hosted the event . All nominations are listed , with winners in bold and series ' networks are in parentheses . Categories were sorted based on running time , instead of by genre . The top shows of the night were Caesar 's Hour and Playhouse 90 . Each show won a then-record five major awards , ( however , two of Playhouse 90 's wins came in now defunct categories ) . Caesar 's Hour became the first show to be nominated in all four major acting categories . Caesar 's Hour also made history when it swept the four acting categories . After over fifty years , it remains the only comedy or drama series to win every major acting award . In 2004 , the miniseries Angels in America became the second show , and first miniseries/television movie , to sweep the acting field .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d51e93def3c33fc71f8fc7c7bf71e82d", "text": "Laurence Olivier Award for Best Musical Revival The Laurence Olivier Award for Best Musical Revival is an annual award presented by The Society of London Theatre in recognition of achievements in commercial British theatre . The awards were established as the Society of West End Theatre Awards in 1976 , and , renamed in 1984 in honour of English actor Lord Olivier . From 1997 to 2007 , the award was presented as Outstanding Musical Production .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7af24e92c3824b7aa3eeae7e7bdbe3d3", "text": "The Grass Harp (film) The Grass Harp is a 1995 American comedy-drama film based on the novella by Truman Capote ; the screenplay was the final work of Oscar-winning screenwriter Stirling Silliphant . The film was directed by Charles Matthau , and starred Piper Laurie , Sissy Spacek , Walter Matthau , Edward Furlong , and Nell Carter . Piper Laurie won the Best Supporting Actress award from the Southeastern Film Critics Association for her work on the film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "67fa8f5e20518ae432472e6b66a7bcf6", "text": "17th Tony Awards The 17th Annual Tony Awards took place on April 28 , 1963 , in the Hotel Americana Imperial Ballroom in New York City . The ceremony was broadcast on local television station WWOR-TV ( Channel 9 ) in New York City . The Masters of Ceremonies were Abe Burrows and Robert Morse .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "97e69b12cafe8bac808c75e5d636fa5b", "text": "Golden Raspberry Awards The Golden Raspberry Awards ( often shortened to Razzies and Razzie Awards ) is an award in recognition of the worst in film . Co-founded by UCLA film graduates and film-industry veterans , John J. B. Wilson and Mo Murphy , the annual Razzie Awards ceremony in Los Angeles precedes the corresponding Academy Awards ceremony by one day . The term raspberry in the name is used in its irreverent sense , as in `` blowing a raspberry '' . The awards themselves are in the form of a `` golf ball-sized raspberry '' which sits atop a Super 8 mm film reel , the whole of which is spray painted gold . The first Golden Raspberry Awards ceremony was held on March 31 , 1981 , at John J. B. Wilson 's living-room alcove in Los Angeles , to honor the worst in film of the 1980 film season . The 37th ceremony was held on February 25 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "74f93e0245e849115ba87937befaf348", "text": "Laurence Olivier Award for Best New Play The Laurence Olivier Award for Best New Play is an annual award presented by The Society of London Theatre in recognition of achievements in commercial British theatre . The awards were established as the Society of West End Theatre Awards in 1976 , and renamed in 1984 in honour of English actor Laurence Olivier . The award was originally entitled Play of the Year but was later renamed in 2001 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "725c46586672c78dac93e97326fd83a4", "text": "AUDELCO AUDELCO , the Audience Development Committee , Inc. , was established in 1973 by the late Vivian Robinson to honor excellence in New York City African American Theatre through presentation of Vivan Robinson/AUDELCO Recognition Awards ( a.k.a. Viv awards ) . The awards were created to promote `` recognition , understanding and awareness of the arts in the African-American community '' . The AUDELCO Viv awards recognize the following , whether Broadway or off-Broadway : Productions by Black companies Shows written or directed by Blacks Black actors in shows AUDELCO has an office in Central Harlem , New York City The President is Grace Jones and the board of directors consistsof : A.Curtis Farrow ; Ralph Carter , Toni Peterson , Jacqueline Feffries ; Linda Armstrong ; Honorable Donna M. Mills ; Fred R.Powell ; Mary Seymour ; Dale Richardo Shields ; Terrence Spivey ; Ronald Stone Esq and Mary B. Davis Chair Emeritus . The organization has thousands of members , a newsletter , and a black theater collection of books , photos , slides and scripts as well as an extensive clipping file on black theater companies and productions . The AUDELCO awards are limited to productions mounted by professional , not-for-profit theater organizations which have been in existence for at least two years and have had a minimum of 500 hours of rehearsal , performance , or training . Additionally , productions have to have been performed over 12 times between September 1 of one year and August 31 of the next . Workshop productions and works-in-progress are not eligible . The AUDELCO Viv awards allow celebrities and everyday people to get to share their love of theater and their appreciation for the incredible performances , scripts , direction , costumes and sets that have been presented during the last theater season . Michael O'Hare was the first white actor to win this award presented by the black theater community of New York for his performance in the play `` Shades of Brown '' which examined the effects of apartheid in South Africa . ( Former AUDELOC awardees included , Kerry Washington ( AUDELCO 's first Rising star ) ; Samuel L. Jackson ; Phylicia Rashad ; Debbie Allen ; Denzel Washington , Barbara Montgomery , Sanaa Lathan and others ) .", "title": "" } ]	fever
779cb9394e63f4dcf509e699e1f06103	Ellyse Perry was on an Australian women's team.	[ { "docid": "27a9be9266452eea29e54df8c716a1e8", "text": "Ellyse Perry Ellyse Alexandra Perry ( born 3 November 1990 ) is an Australian sportswoman who made her debut for both the Australian cricket and the Australian women 's national soccer team at the age of 16 . She played her first cricket international in July 2007 before earning her first soccer cap for Australia a month later . Perry is the youngest person to represent Australia in cricket and the first Australian to have appeared in both cricket and soccer World Cups . Perry was fast-tracked to make her One Day International ( ODI ) debut for Australia against New Zealand , three months before playing a single match for her state New South Wales in the Women 's National Cricket League ( WNCL ) . In 2007 -- 08 , she made her debut for New South Wales and won the WNCL with them , and at the end of the season , she made her Test debut in Bowral against England . During the season , she was the player of the match in her Twenty20 international debut against England , and made her maiden ODI half-century against New Zealand . Perry took 4/23 in the final of the 2008 -- 09 WNCL to help New South Wales defend their title . She then took nine wickets as Australia came fourth in the 2009 World Cup held in Australia . She was ineffective during the 2009 ICC Women 's World Twenty20 in England , taking only two wickets in Australia 's four matches . In 2009 -- 10 , Perry took 22 wickets and scored 148 runs as New South Wales won the WNCL again . She then took 18 wickets in 10 ODIs against New Zealand at the end of the season , as the Australians won all the matches . During these matches , Perry took her maiden five-wicket ODI haul . Perry played in each of Australia 's matches at the 2010 World Twenty20 in the West Indies , taking 3/18 and being named player of the match in the final as Australia defeated New Zealand by three runs to claim the title . A defender , Perry represented Australia at the 2008 Asian Cup , and scored in one of the matches . She played for the Central Coast Mariners in the Australian W-League during the 2008 -- 09 season , before transferring to Canberra United the following year . In June 2010 , Perry began her media career by hosting the soccer-related show Football Stars of Tomorrow , screened on the digital sports channel One HD .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "9e7b9afe5c8b7fe96311581a1a9c497b", "text": "Women's field hockey in Australia Field hockey has been played by women in Australia since 1901 . By 1907 , there were clubs in several states including New South Wales , South Australia , Tasmania , and Victoria . Women 's field hockey was eventually represented by the Australian Institute of Sport , though the amount of support it received was less than the support the men received . The All Australian Women 's Hockey Association was established in 1910 to govern the sport in Australia . in 2000 , Women 's Hockey Australia merged with the Australian Hockey Association to form Hockey Australia . The game has been played by women on the university and school level . Interstate matches were being played by 1909 . The level of play on the interstate level is very high . The Australia women 's national field hockey team ( nicknamed the Hockeyroos ) , established in 1914 , has placed highly in many competitions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "53c783c70ed43b85ef4e50651ce9a161", "text": "Australian Olympic Foundation The Australian Olympic Foundation is a foundation established to help future Australian athletes develop and compete at an Olympic level . In February 1996 , the Foundation was constituted by Deed of Settlement between Julius L Patching as Settlor and the Australian Olympic Foundation Limited ( ACN 071 220 025 ) an Australian Public Company , Limited By Guarantee . as Trustee . The members and Directors of the Australian Olympic Foundation Limited are the voting members of the Executive of the Australian Olympic Committee . The Foundation has been constituted and is controlled and administered so as to develop and protect the Olympic Movement in Australia in accordance with the Olympic Charter including , in particular , funding the preparation and participation of the Australian Teams in the Olympic Games , Olympic Winter Games and Regional Games and the costs and expenses of the AOC . The Foundation 's Annual Report for 2006 showed that as at 31 December 2006 , the Foundation 's investments in managed funds were valued at $ 137 million with the Foundation 's net assets totalling $ 132.8 million", "title": "" }, { "docid": "25ffcebd98b08bc61a97a5cb374f8caa", "text": "Australian Pro The Australian Pro was a men 's professional tennis tournament that started in 1954 and was held yearly , with the exception of 1961 and 1963 , from 1957 through 1966 . The tournament moved venues several times and therefore had the prefix of South when in Adelaide and Western when held in Perth . On the last two occasions that it was held in Perth the tournament was staged at the Perry Lakes Stadium . It was also called the Australian Pro Indoor Championships for one year when it was held at Melbourne 's Olympic Pool . All other tournaments took place at the White City Tennis Club in Sydney . In 1965 and 1966 there were two editions of the Australian Pro as Adelaide and Perth held separate events .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a72603ea9667b9ff490c8c90808cfe8a", "text": "Sports rorts affair The `` sports rorts '' affair was the name by which Australian media and political commentators came to refer to events during the second Keating ministry in late 1993 and early 1994 , where the then Sports Minister , Ros Kelly , was unable to appropriately explain the distribution of federal sporting grants to marginal electorates held by the governing Australian Labor Party . It led to a textbook demonstration of individual ministerial responsibility where , on 28 February 1994 , Kelly resigned from her position under consistent pressure from the Australian Democrats and the Liberal opposition about the matter . Ultimately , the controversy also led to her resignation from Parliament and , at the resulting by-election on 25 March 1995 , the government lost the normally safe Labor seat of Canberra . In December 1993 , the Auditor-General complained about the manner in which the Department had administered A$ 30 million of grants under the Community Cultural , Recreational and Sporting Facilities Program , which had been initiated by Graham Richardson in 1988 . The Auditor-General reported that he could not find any documentation explaining the rationale for grants made by Kelly 's department , and therefore could not assess her decision-making procedures . The opposition , led by John Hewson and Peter Costello , claimed in Parliament that the money had been directed into marginal Labor-held electorates before the 1993 federal election as a pork barrelling exercise . Initially , she avoided answering questions on the matter , but she relented following threats by the Australian Democrats to vote for a Liberal proposition establishing a Senate inquiry if she did not give evidence to a House of Representatives committee . During the enquiry , she said that she had assessed 2,800 submissions for funding on the sole basis of verbal advice from her staff , and that decisions on short-listed applications had been made on a `` great big whiteboard '' in her office , having been erased without permanent record once the decisions were made . The 12-person committee , despite having a Labor majority , ultimately found on 7 February 1994 that her actions were `` not illegal '' but her administration was `` deficient '' . On 21 February 1994 , following changes to Australian House of Representatives Question Time which created a roster for ministers to appear in the House , the Liberals , led by Hewson and Costello , used the opportunity to demand her resignation . On 28 February , she did so , although Keating continued to support her , speaking out on 3 March 1994 accusing the Senate of holding the Government to ransom . Eleven months later , Kelly resigned from parliament , triggering a 1995 by-election . A 16.1 % swing against Labor in the normally comfortably safe Labor seat resulted in the election of Liberal challenger Brendan Smyth on 25 March 1995 . Labor was heavily defeated in the 1996 election , but Bob McMullan regained Canberra for Labor while Smyth failed to win the new seat of Namadgi .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "046efdb46eecf52440dfa54592bf90c5", "text": "Jian Fang Lay Jian Fang Lay-Hong ( ; born : 6 March 1973 ) , is a right-handed Australian ladies table tennis player . She plays penhold , with a long pimple rubber at one side for use of attacking , blocking as well as chopping . She is currently number 1 female player in Australia , as well as number 141 in the world . Born in Wenzhou , China , Lay moved to Melbourne in the early 1990s and eventually became a three-time Victorian champion as well as winning several titles in other Victorian tournaments . She was selected in the Australian national team in 1994 and participated in the Sydney , Athens , Beijing and London Olympic Games . Lay also competed at the 2002 and 2006 Commonwealth Games , where she took home a total of three silver and two bronze medals . In June 2008 , she returned to the position of number one female tennis table player in Victoria and Australia after staying at the number 3 spot since 2007 . She was first qualified for the Beijing Olympics after beating Stephanie Sang at the Oceania Qualifiers at Nouméa , New Caledonia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0976446a80bb55aed044161c806877b3", "text": "Kate Slatter Kate Elizabeth Slatter OAM ( married name Kate Allen ) is an Australian world champion and Olympic gold medal winning rower from Adelaide , South Australia . She is considered the most successful female rower in Australia 's history . Slatter won a gold medal in the coxless pair at the 1996 Atlanta Olympics with Megan Still , together becoming Australia 's first female gold medal recipients in the sport of rowing . Slatter went on to win a silver medal at her home Olympics in Sydney , 2000 . Slatter began rowing at the Adelaide University Boat Club in 1989 , and rowed in their victorious Women 's Eight in the 1996 Australian University Games , two weeks after winning gold in Atlanta . Slatter has won sixteen national titles and was awarded the Order of Australia medal for her rowing achievements . In 2001 , she was inducted into the Australian Institute of Sport ` Best of the Best ' . In 2002 , she was inducted into the Sport Australia Hall of Fame .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3001e6e6207332e99de23653e14e7100", "text": "Nell McLarty Ellen Mary McLarty BEM ( 5 January 1912 -- 26 December 1998 ) was a cricketer who played for the Australia national women 's cricket team between 1934 and 1937 . She played for Australia in the first women 's Test match . A right-arm medium-fast bowler , she claimed 11 wickets in international cricket at an average of 20.36 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "baa60cfddb2e09aee2ac340e01112865", "text": "Women's table tennis in Australia", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8cc3cc4ca8f3cfe92d18e8426dc179aa", "text": "2008 Australian Swimming Championships The 2008 Telstra Australian Swimming Championships were held at the Sydney Olympic Park Aquatic Centre in Sydney , New South Wales , Australia from 22 -- 29 March 2008 . The championships were used as the Australian trials for the 2008 Olympic Games squad . Like all previous Australian swimming trials , the championships program mirrored the 2008 Olympic swimming program with the addition of the non-Olympic events -- 50 m backstroke , breaststroke and butterfly ; 800 m freestyle ( men ) and 1500 m freestyle ( women ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3d9438a35946734638eb62f67c02ae47", "text": "2016 Australian Open – Main Draw Wildcard Entries The 2016 Australian Open Wildcard Playoffs and Entries was a group of events and internal selections to choose the eight men and eight women singles wildcard entries for the 2016 Australian Open , as well as seven male and seven female doubles teams plus eight mixed doubles teams . One wildcard each was given to the winners of the Australian Open Wildcard Playoff , a tournament between Australian players who did not receive direct entry into the draw . This took place from 14 to 20 December 2015 . In an agreement with the United States Tennis Association and the French Tennis Federation , Tennis Australia gives one man and one woman from the United States and France each a wildcard into the Australian Open . The French players were chosen by internal selection , while USTA awarded the entry to the player with the most points over three pre-selected events in USA over October and November 2015 . Since the Australian Open is promoted as the `` Grand Slam of Asia/Pacific '' , one male and one female player from this geographical area were awarded a wildcard . This was decided through the Asia-Pacific Australian Open Wildcard Playoff . At the same event , one male and one female doubles team won wildcards , and one wildcard each was contested in boys and girls singles . This took pace from 2 to 6 December 2015 . Remaining wildcards were awarded by internal Australian selection . For the first time , a new initiative was put in place for rewarding women 's wildcards . A wildcard race was put in place by Tennis Australia to offer the highest Australian points earner from the 2015 Canberra Tennis International and 2015 Bendigo Women 's International a main draw wildcard . The singles wildcard was won by Tammi Patterson and the doubles wildcard was won by Jessica Moore and Storm Sanders . Also for the first time , the winner of the girls ' 18 and under national championships was rewarded a main draw wildcard .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6c917453c093feb9b417bad55adf3d0a", "text": "Fed Cup Fed Cup is the premier international team competition in women 's tennis , launched in 1963 to celebrate the 50th Anniversary of the International Tennis Federation ( ITF ) . The competition was known as the Federation Cup until 1995 . The Fed Cup is the world 's largest annual women 's international team sports competition , in terms of the number of nations that compete . The men 's equivalent of the Fed Cup is the Davis Cup . Australia , Czech Republic and the United States are the only countries that have held both the Fed Cup and Davis Cup at the same time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c1ff1eb7c732ad2c0559331f891c5a50", "text": "Melbourne Vicentre Melbourne Vicentre is a swimming club based at the Melbourne Sports and Aquatic Centre ( MSAC ) , Melbourne , Australia . Its head coach is Ian Pope , supported by Craig Jackson , Alex Hirschauer , Matt King and Brad Harris and others . Vicentre is one of the largest clubs in Victoria , and Swimming Australia Podium Performance Centre . Amongst the swimmers who train currently with Vicentre are 2014 Commonwealth Games team members Mack Horton and Kotuku Ngawati , Paralympians Ahmed Kelly , Tanya Huebner and Matthew Haanappel as well as Masters World Record holder Linley Frame . Past club members include Giaan Rooney , Matt Welsh , Grant Hackett , Daniel Kowalski , Marieke Guehrer and Nicole Livingstone . Nicole Livingstone has been CEO of the club since July 2014 . The club was formed in 1988 following the amalgamation of Melbourne Aquatic and ACI Vicentre swimming clubs . In 1996 , the club amalgamated with Malvern Swimming Club Inc. . The club is an incorporated association under the Associations Incorporation Act 1986 ( Vic ) and is an affiliate of Swimming Victoria and Metro South District . Melbourne Vicentre won the Australian Open Longcourse Championships points score every year since 2004 Athens Olympic trials to 2008 , and 2011-2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4cd7885281c7bad6bb6aa95109194ded", "text": "Pakistan at the 2006 Commonwealth Games Pakistan was represented at the 2006 Commonwealth Games in Melbourne by a 75-member strong contingent comprising 53 sportsmen and women , 21 officials and 1 head of the contingent . The Pakistan team 's dismal performance in the 2006 Commonwealth Games ( only 5 medals , including 1 gold ) drew public criticism , in view of the large contingent sent to the Games . The official-to-sportsperson ratio was among the highest of any participating team , and newspaper editorials in Pakistan have asked for accountability in expenditure of public funds .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c6ec37cffc827acbb6aa89584d0bfc82", "text": "Women's Cricket World Cup The ICC Women 's Cricket World Cup is the oldest and most prestigious international women 's cricket tournament . It serves as the world championship for the sport 's One Day International ( ODI ) format . The Women 's World Cup is currently organised by the International Cricket Council ( ICC ) . Until 2005 , when the two organisations merged , it was administered by a separate body , the International Women 's Cricket Council ( IWCC ) . The first World Cup was held in England in 1973 , two years before the inaugural men 's tournament . The event 's early years were marked by funding difficulties , which meant several teams had to decline invitations to compete and caused gaps of up to six years between tournaments . However , since 2005 World Cups have been hosted at regular four-year intervals . The ten World Cups played to date have been held in five different countries , with India having hosted the event three times . The number of teams has been fixed at eight since the 2000 event , with the preceding tournament in 1997 having been contested by a record eleven teams . Australia are by far the most successful team , having won six titles and failed to make the final on only two occasions . England ( three titles ) and New Zealand ( one title ) are the only other teams to have won the event , while India and the West Indies have each reached the final on one occasion without going on to win .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0d3a156537fe6d42e804043b6892dc67", "text": "Scotland women's national rugby union team 84 -- 0 ( <small> -LSB- -LSB- Enköping -RSB- -RSB- , -LSB- -LSB- Sweden -RSB- -RSB- 17 May 2009 <small> ) \| bigloss = 89 -- 0 ( <small> -LSB- -LSB- Twickenham -RSB- -RSB- , -LSB- -LSB- England -RSB- -RSB- 13 March 2010 <small> ) \| World cup apps = 4 ( First in -LSB- -LSB- 1994 Women 's Rugby World Cup \| 1994 -RSB- -RSB- ) \| best = 5th , -LSB- -LSB- 1994 Women 's Rugby World Cup \| 1994 -RSB- -RSB- -RCB- -RCB- The '' ` Scotland national women 's rugby union team '' ' are the national women 's -LSB- -LSB- rugby union -RSB- -RSB- team of -LSB- -LSB- Scotland -RSB- -RSB- . The Scots have competed in five of the -LSB- -LSB- Women 's Rugby World Cup \| Women 's Rugby World Cups -RSB- -RSB- and have an important role in the rugby world stage . The governing body in Scotland for women 's rugby is -LSB- -LSB- Scottish Rugby -RSB- -RSB- .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ca4a7cbeded064f94c1e89a10a21e5b", "text": "Australia women's national indoor hockey team The Australia women 's national indoor hockey team are Australia 's national women 's indoor hockey team . As of January 2016 , they are ranked 8th in the world . Australia competes internationally in indoor hockey , with the Australian women 's indoor team undertaking a tour annually . Every four years , Australia competes in the FIH Indoor Hockey World Cup . The Australian national indoor team is nominated and selected from the indoor Australian Championships .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b1ef7940278983a8505afcf8a4649182", "text": "Australia women's national field hockey team The Australia women 's national field hockey team ( nicknamed the Hockeyroos ) are Australia 's national women 's field hockey team . As of September 2015 , they are ranked 2nd in the world . Having played their first game in 1914 , and their first Olympic game in 1980 they are one of Australia 's most successful sporting teams , boasting three Olympic Gold Medals from the past six Games as well as winning two World Cups ( 1994 , 1998 ) and four Commonwealth Games Gold Medals ( 1998 , 2006 , 2010 , 2014 ) . The Hockeyroos have been crowned Australia 's Team of the Year five times and were unanimously awarded Best Australian Team at the 2000 Sydney Olympic Games . A notable part of the Hockeyroos colourful history has involved Ric Charlesworth . Charlesworth was at the helm of the Hockeyroos from 1993 to 2000 , where his reign as coach saw the team win the 1993 , 1995 , 1997 and 1999 Champions Trophies , 1994 and 1998 World Cups and the 1998 Commonwealth Games . Charlesworth took the Hockeyroos to the Atlanta and Sydney Olympic Games where the team won back-to-back gold medals . Since 2011 the team has been coached by Adam Commens . Given the extent of the Hockeyroos success , the team has consistently remained at the top of the world hockey rankings . From the late 1980s until 2000 , the Australian team was ranked at number 1 in the world . Only once during this period , did the Hockeyroos fail to win a tournament , when they finished second .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "309f8e2587bf9bd3793b25ce2515bcf8", "text": "Australian Olympic Committee The Australian Olympic Committee ( AOC ) is the National Olympic Committee responsible for developing , promoting and protecting the Olympic Movement in Australia . The AOC has the exclusive responsibility for the representation of Australia at the Olympic Games ( Summer and Winter ) , the Youth Olympic Games and at Regional Games patronised by the International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) . All National Olympic Committees ( currently 205 worldwide ) are constituents of the International Olympic Committee .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "561a950ec18e92e466f5c86df893f064", "text": "2006 AFC Women's Asian Cup The 2006 AFC Women 's Asian Cup was a women 's football tournament for women 's national teams from countries affiliated to the Asian Football Confederation . It was the 15th installment of the AFC Women 's Asian Cup . Unlike the previous tournament which was held every two years , the tournament has been moved back a year to 2006 . The structure of the competition has changed for this tournament , with a qualifying tournament and a separate championship tournament . The four qualifiers of the sub-tournament ( Vietnam , Taiwan , Myanmar , Thailand ) went on to compete for the Championship proper against the four automatic finalists ( China , Japan , South Korea and North Korea ) . Australia were added to the final tournament following their switch from Oceania Football Confederation to the Asian confederation . The finals of the tournament were held in Australia in July 2006 - the hosting rights were originally given to Japan , but after Australia moved conferences , they were given the hosting rights . All matches in the main tournament were held in Adelaide . The tournament also acted as Asia 's qualifying tournament for the 2007 World Cup . Two spots were available in addition to the automatic spot given to China PR as World Cup hosts . China PR won the tournament , beating hosts Australia in the final . Thus , Australia took the first qualifying spot , while North Korea defeated Japan in the third place play-off to take second place . Japan now play off with the third-placed team in the CONCACAF region , despite beating China in the group stages .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d97384377f719792c3c7ad7355d9144e", "text": "Rugby league in Australia Rugby league football in Australia '' ' has been one of the country 's most popular sports since it started being played there in 1908 . It is the dominant winter football code in the states of New South Wales and Queensland as well as the Australian Capital Territory , which together comprise around half of the country 's population . In 2009 , it was the most watched sport on Australian television , with an aggregate audience of 128.5 million viewers . The elite club competition is the National Rugby League ( NRL ) , which features ten teams from New South Wales , three teams from Queensland , and one team each from Victoria , Australian Capital Territory and New Zealand . Australia has a rich history of rugby league , first taking up the sport in 1908 alongside people in Britain and New Zealand . The rule changes over the decades have been partly instigated in Australia as well . The country has been dominant over the other rugby league-playing nations for many years , but enjoys a strong rivalry with New Zealand . Commonly known as `` league '' or simply `` football '' , and sometimes referred to as `` the greatest game of all '' , it is traditionally seen as a `` working man 's sport '' with its roots in the working class communities of Northern England , compared to rugby union which has its roots in prestigious English public schools . The Australian Rugby League Commission , the sport 's governing body in Australia , is working on ways to expand rugby league 's popularity across political and social boundaries .", "title": "" } ]	fever
19220a727c1ee46d345bbabaed2e21d7	The Resident Evil film series follows a different protagonist in every movie.	[ { "docid": "32ca7cd2d18f35479de6bd1c7e7f634c", "text": "Resident Evil (film series) Resident Evil is a science fiction action-horror hexalogy film series loosely based on the Japanese video game franchise of the same name by Capcom . German studio Constantin Film bought the rights to the first film in January 1997 with Alan B. McElroy and George A. Romero as potential writers . In 2001 , Sony Entertainment acquired distribution rights and hired Paul W. S. Anderson as writer and director for Resident Evil ( 2002 ) . Anderson continued on as writer and producer for the sequels , Resident Evil : Apocalypse ( 2004 ) and Resident Evil : Extinction ( 2007 ) , and returned as the director for Resident Evil : Afterlife ( 2010 ) , Resident Evil : Retribution ( 2012 ) and Resident Evil : The Final Chapter ( 2016 ) . The fictional Umbrella Corporation , which acts as the main antagonist in the series , is a bioengineering pharmaceutical company that creates bioweapons . Umbrella was responsible for the zombie apocalypse , which occurred after the corporation 's T-virus infected the Earth 's population . The films follow protagonist Alice , an original character created for the films portrayed by Milla Jovovich . Alice , who was once a security operative working for Umbrella , becomes an enemy of the corporation . Characters from the video game series also appeared in the film series , including Jill Valentine , Carlos Olivera , Claire Redfield , Albert Wesker , Chris Redfield , Barry Burton , Leon S. Kennedy and Ada Wong . Despite consistent negative reviews , with six films released , the Resident Evil film series is the highest-grossing film series to be based on video games of all time , having grossed over $ 1.233 billion worldwide .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "4a4cef110ecdb679c24fdcd612673fce", "text": "Gears of War Gears of War is a video game franchise created and originally owned by Epic Games , developed and managed by The Coalition , and owned and published by Microsoft Studios . The series focuses on the conflict between humanity , the subterranean reptilian hominids known as the Locust Horde , and their mutated counterparts , the Lambent & the Swarm . The franchise consists of five third-person shooter video games , which has also been supplemented by a comic book series and five novels . The first installment , titled Gears of War , was released on November 7 , 2006 for the Xbox 360 . The game follows protagonist Marcus Fenix , a soldier in the Coalition of Ordered Governments tasked to lead a last-ditch effort to destroy the Locust Horde and save humanity . Two subsequent titles , Gears of War 2 ( 2008 ) and Gears of War 3 ( 2011 ) , continued Fenix and humanity 's ongoing conflict with the Locust Horde and Lambent forces . In 2013 , Epic Games and Microsoft released Gears of War : Judgment , a prequel to the series ' first title , which instead focuses on Damon Baird , one of Fenix 's squad-mates . Gears of War : Ultimate Edition was released for Microsoft Windows on March 1 , 2016 . The series ' third sequel , Gears of War 4 , is set 25 years after Gears of War 3 and follows Marcus Fenix 's son , JD , as he battles new foes that threaten humanity . Gears of War was developed by Epic Games . Cliff Bleszinski , who has previously worked on Epic 's Unreal Tournament games , served the series ' lead game designer for the first three installments . He was inspired by gameplay elements from Resident Evil 4 , Kill Switch , and Bionic Commando . The series was also guided by Rod Fergusson , the executive producer and director of development of Epic Games until 2012 . The first four installments of the Gears of War series used a modified version of the Unreal Engine 3 engine . On January 27 , 2014 , Microsoft acquired all rights to the franchise from Epic Games . Canadian studio The Coalition developed Gears of War 4 , which was released on October 11 , 2016 for the Xbox One and Windows 10 . Gears of War became one of the best-selling franchises for the Xbox 360 . The series is well known for its emphasis on cover-based combat , in which players can use objects to avoid gunfire or safely engage enemies . All five installments in Gears of War featured several multiplayer modes that allowed players to compete against each other or team-up to battle AI opponents on Xbox Live . The Gears of War games have been amongst the most popular and most played titles on Xbox Live .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7aef5bac27fc3942eaafaca504a8212b", "text": "List of Planet of the Apes characters The Planet of the Apes franchise features many characters that appear in one or more works .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6788abe008bc47053b7876ba8b963572", "text": "Claire Redfield is a fictional character in the Resident Evil ( Biohazard in Japan ) horror franchise by Capcom . Claire is the younger sister of Chris Redfield , an American special police officer who is a protagonist of the first Resident Evil game , and is herself a protagonist of the video games Resident Evil 2 and Resident Evil - Code : Veronica , where she is a zombie outbreak survivor turned a vigilante . She returned as an abducted activist in the video game Resident Evil : Revelations 2 after being absent from the main series for a decade and half since Code : Veronica . Claire has also appeared in various other media , including several additional video games , the computer-animated film Resident Evil : Degeneration , and the non-canon live-action films Resident Evil : Extinction , Resident Evil : Afterlife and Resident Evil : The Final Chapter , as well as in the promotion and merchandise for the franchise . She was very well received by critics and became one of the most popular Resident Evil characters .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3c95d6b6f0e5fc404bce953042aa238", "text": "Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film . The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93c4f3d9c3d67d067517bd71dbf9172b", "text": "Peter Greene Peter Greene ( born Peter Green ; October 8 , 1965 ) is an American character actor , generally known for playing villains .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2636249a661d3235a10ac9722f9ffa0e", "text": "The Fast and the Furious (2001 film) The Fast and the Furious is a 2001 American-German action crime film directed by Rob Cohen , produced by Neal H. Moritz and written by Gary Scott Thompson and David Ayer . It is the first installment in the The Fast and the Furious franchise . The film stars Vin Diesel , Paul Walker , Michelle Rodriguez , Jordana Brewster , Rick Yune , Chad Lindberg , Johnny Strong , and Matt Schulze . The film follows undercover cop Brian O'Conner , who is tasked with stopping a group of unknown hijackers using high-performance racecars to hijack 18-wheelers . Inspiration for the film was sought through a Vibe magazine article titled `` Racer X '' , which detailed the illegal street racing circuit operating within New York City . Filming locations include New York City and New England , with a majority of the film being shot in southern California . The Fast and the Furious was released on June 22 , 2001 , grossing over $ 207 million worldwide from an estimated $ 38 million budget . It was later re-released on June 22 , 2016 , to celebrate its 15th anniversary . It has a 53 % approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes , which called it `` sleek and shiny on the surface '' in its critical consensus . The Fast and the Furious launched a franchise of sequels , starting with 2 Fast 2 Furious in 2003 , followed by The Fast and the Furious : Tokyo Drift in 2006 , Fast & Furious in 2009 , Fast Five in 2011 , Fast & Furious 6 in 2013 , Furious 7 in 2015 , and The Fate of the Furious in 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8647b2eb8a26e412ed44ffe47fcb933d", "text": "Alien (film) Alien is a 1979 British-American science-fiction horror film directed by Ridley Scott , and starring Sigourney Weaver , Tom Skerritt , Veronica Cartwright , Harry Dean Stanton , John Hurt , Ian Holm and Yaphet Kotto . The film 's title refers to a highly aggressive extraterrestrial creature that stalks and kills the crew of a spaceship . Dan O'Bannon wrote the screenplay from a story he wrote with Ronald Shusett , drawing influence from previous works of science fiction and horror . The film was produced by Gordon Carroll , David Giler and Walter Hill through their Brandywine Productions and distributed by 20th Century Fox . Giler and Hill made revisions and additions to the script . Shusett was executive producer . The eponymous Alien and its accompanying elements were designed by Swiss artist H. R. Giger , while concept artists Ron Cobb and Chris Foss designed the human aspects of the film . Alien launched the Alien franchise and is chronologically the first of the main series , with the prequel series set in an earlier timeframe . Alien received both critical acclaim and box office success , receiving an Academy Award for Best Visual Effects , Saturn Awards for Best Science Fiction Film , Best Direction for Scott , and Best Supporting Actress for Cartwright , and a Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation , along with numerous other award nominations . It has remained highly praised in subsequent decades , being considered one of the greatest films of all time . In 2002 , the film was deemed `` culturally , historically or aesthetically significant '' by the Library of Congress and was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry . In 2008 , it was ranked as the seventh-best film in the science fiction genre by the American Film Institute , and as the 33rd greatest film of all time by Empire magazine . The success of Alien spawned a media franchise of novels , comic books , video games , and toys . It also launched Weaver 's acting career by providing her with her first lead role , and the story of her character Ellen Ripley 's encounters with the Alien creatures became the thematic thread that ran through the sequels Aliens ( 1986 ) , Alien 3 ( 1992 ) and Alien : Resurrection ( 1997 ) . , a crossover with the Predator franchise produced the Alien vs. Predator series , which includes Alien vs. Predator ( 2004 ) and Aliens vs. Predator : Requiem ( 2007 ) , and also a prequel series of films , which includes Prometheus ( 2012 ) and Alien : Covenant ( 2017 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "62a76004cc7c2110bf799438186bc5b9", "text": "James Bond The James Bond series focuses on a fictional British Secret Service agent created in 1953 by writer Ian Fleming , who featured him in twelve novels and two short-story collections . Since Fleming 's death in 1964 , eight other authors have written authorised Bond novels or novelizations : Kingsley Amis , Christopher Wood , John Gardner , Raymond Benson , Sebastian Faulks , Jeffery Deaver , William Boyd and Anthony Horowitz . The latest novel is Trigger Mortis by Anthony Horowitz , published in September 2015 . Additionally Charlie Higson wrote a series on a young James Bond , and Kate Westbrook wrote three novels based on the diaries of a recurring series character , Moneypenny . The character has also been adapted for television , radio , comic strip , video games and film . The films are the longest continually running film series of all time and have grossed over $ 7.040 billion in total , making it the fourth-highest-grossing film series to date , which started in 1962 with Dr. No , starring Sean Connery as Bond . As of , there have been twenty-four films in the Eon Productions series . The most recent Bond film , Spectre ( 2015 ) , stars Daniel Craig in his fourth portrayal of Bond ; he is the sixth actor to play Bond in the Eon series . There have also been two independent productions of Bond films : Casino Royale ( a 1967 spoof ) and Never Say Never Again ( a 1983 remake of an earlier Eon-produced film , Thunderball ) . In 2015 , the franchise was estimated to be worth $ 19.9 billion , making James Bond one of the highest-grossing media franchises of all time . The Bond films are renowned for a number of features , including the musical accompaniment , with the theme songs having received Academy Award nominations on several occasions , and two wins . Other important elements which run through most of the films include Bond 's cars , his guns , and the gadgets with which he is supplied by Q Branch . The films are also noted for Bond 's relationships with various women , who are sometimes referred to as `` Bond girls '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d07acedbe2d06cb0cb10eca8c97004a4", "text": "Megadeus is the name given to the giant robots and monsters of The Big O anime series . Forty years prior to the events of the series , the world was turned into a vast desert wasteland and the survivors were left without memories . The megadeuses are portrayed as remnants of the previous civilization , a lost technology few citizens of Paradigm know how to control . The word is a blend of the Greek mega - , meaning `` Great '' , and the Latin deus , meaning `` god '' . The pilot of a `` Big '' megadeus is a , taken from Latin . The robots were designed by series creator Keiichi Sato , who also designed the Mazinger mechas featured on the Mazinkaiser OVA and the mutant creatures of The SoulTaker TV series . The designs are strange and `` more macho than practical . '' Unlike the giants of other robot anime , the megadeuses do not exhibit ninja-like speed nor grace or possess voice-activated special attacks ; but for what they lack in agility , they more than make-up in firepower and protection . The robots come armed with weaponry like missiles , piston powered punches , machine guns , and laser cannons . The nature of the megadeuses is tied to the event forty years prior . In the final episode of the first season , Roger Smith has a flashback in the form of a nightmare : an army of `` Big '' megadeuses burn down the city as a group of bald children look on . In the second season premiere , he experiences a lucid dream of a town without domes , where its citizens have not forgotten who they are and megadeuses are nowhere to be found . In the final episode , he gets another burst of memories : the city stands in ruins and multiple `` Big '' megadeuses fight amongst themselves while a winged giant oversees the onslaught . In the tradition of Japanese monster movies , The Big O features monsters modeled after conventional or mythological creatures . The series follows the `` villain of the week '' formula , meaning the protagonist is hired to do a job and by episode 's end he must battle a monster using a giant robot of his own . Given the series ' style , for some critics the robot battles seem out of place , while others praise the `` over-the-top-ness '' of their execution . The term `` megadeus '' is officially used to refer to all giant robots and monsters seen in the series , though the term is often used to refer solely to the four `` Big '' robots . The `` Bigs '' are unique among the other megadeuses in that they are implied to be at least semi-sentient and have the ability to judge a person 's worthiness to be a pilot through the phrase `` Cast in the Name of God , '' then a declaration of either `` Ye Not Guilty '' or `` Ye Guilty . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b08c2476182dce4dc8ee440de17ff953", "text": "Cinzia Massironi Cinzia Massironi ( born October 28 , 1966 in Legnano ) is an Italian voice actress and actress . She is a cousin of the actress Marina Massironi . Massironi lent her voice to many Italian versions of cartoon or anime characters ( both female and male ) , such as Dan Kuso in Bakugan Battle Brawlers , Caska in Berserk , Daichi in Beyblade G-Revolution , Chun Lee in Beyblade : Metal Masters , Li Syaoran in Card Captor Sakura , Mitsuhiko Tsuburaya in Detective Conan , Comet in Princess Comet , Laura and Videl in Dragon Ball , Haku in Naruto , Clancy Kanuka in Patlabor : The TV Series , Lady Kale in Princess Gwenevere and the Jewel Riders , and Jaden Yuki in the second season of Yu-Gi-Oh ! GX . In the field of video games , Massironi has lent her voice to Catwoman and Talia al Ghul in Batman : Arkham City , Lana Lei in Death by Degrees , Emily in Dishonored , Lachesis in God of War II , Hermione Granger in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows - Part 1 , Michelle Chiang in Jet Li : Rise to Honor , female version of Commander Shepard in the Mass Effect series , Wonder Woman and Kitana in Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe , Luke and Flora in the series Professor Layton , Talwyn Apogee in Ratchet & Clank : Tools of Destruction , Ingrid Hunnigan in Resident Evil 6 , Lily in Vampire : The Masquerade - Redemption , and others . Among the live-action film roles that Massironi dubbed in Italian are these of Rebecca De Mornay in The Shining and Alex Murrel in Laguna Beach : The Real Orange County . Massironi is also a theatrical actress , and participated in the film Ask Me If I 'm Happy ( Chiedimi se sono felice ) in the role of Francesca in 2000 and starred in the first part of the episodic film Il Cosmo sul comò in 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a9fbf810e5ff0705738126511e678e7", "text": "God Eater (series) The franchise is a series of sci-fi action/adventure video games developed by Shift and published by Bandai Namco Entertainment , starting with the titular game released on February 4 , 2010 for the PlayStation Portable . Similar to the Monster Hunter franchise , it depicts the desperate battle between humanity and a race of omnivorous monsters in a futuristic post-apocalyptic world . The game currently has five games ( including three revamped games ) , several manga and light novel adaptations , soundtracks , and an anime adaptation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "efadcda16f042c14566fc041f53124eb", "text": "Ramon Salazar Ramon Salazar is the name of : Ramon Salazar , character from the video game Resident Evil 4 Ramon Salazar ( 24 character ) , character from the television series 24 Ramón Salazar ( director ) ( born 1973 ) , Spanish film director and screenwriter", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6c6da87edd13216ebc5a951e3d488abf", "text": "List of Resident Evil characters This is a list of Resident Evil characters , which includes playable and recurring characters that were introduced in Resident Evil , a series of survival horror video games .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d60551d6ad7d23f16f7e0e033fb3ea28", "text": "Shogo Makishima is a fictional character appearing as the main antagonist from Production I.G 's anime series Psycho-Pass . Makishima is a man responsible for several crimes and the main cast , Bureau officers , are in search of him . Makishima wishes the destruction of the society created by Sybil System in which people are treated based on their levels of stress and sees Enforcer Shinya Kogami as one of his nemesis . He is voiced by Takahiro Sakurai in Japanese while Alex Organ voices him in English . Critical reception to Makishima has been highly positive . His role as a villain and personality earned praise with his actions generating similar response . Some of his actions praised involving his rivalry with Shinya Kogami . He also appeared in an official noitamina poll where he was well received by Japanese fans .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c411164ee4a05e1b068ff8b769fdf3c5", "text": "List of Phantom: Requiem for the Phantom episodes This article is a list of the episodes of the Japanese anime series Phantom ~ Requiem for the Phantom ~ , which is animated by Bee Train and directed by Koichi Mashimo under the Project Phantom group . The series went on air on April 2 , 2009 on TV Tokyo . Subsequently the show also aired on AT-X , TV Aichi , and TV Osaka . Funimation Entertainment is streaming the series for its North American audience . The anime is based on the 2000 video game Phantom of Inferno . The series is about a Japanese national who gets kidnapped by an assassin syndicate called Inferno after he had personally witnessed an assassination while visiting the United States . Inferno is a criminal organization attempting to unite all known underworld mob gangs into one conglomerate . In order to achieve their goal , Inferno deploys its assassin operatives codenamed Phantom . Among them is an amnesiac girl named Ein and the Japanese national , who was given the name Zwei as his codename after being brainwashed of his previous memory . An announcement regarding the show was first announced in the January issue of Kadokawa Shoten 's Newtype magazine with Yoshimitsu Yamashita , Mutsumi Sasaki and Yoko Kikuchi being the main animators with Bee Train being in charge of animation . Soon afterwards , a promotional video of Phantom ~ Requiem of the Phantom ~ was broadcast on Biglobe . Music for the series is created under Masumi Itō , using the alias Hikaru Nanase . For the first 19 episodes , the opening song `` Karma '' is written and sung by Kokia and arranged by Hikaru Nanase , with the ending song is sung by Ali Project with CD singles released . From episode 20 onwards , a 2nd opening song is sung by Ali Project with a 2nd ending song `` Transparent '' written and sung by Kokia and also arranged by Nanase . In addition , the OST of the show with CD singles by Ayahi Takagaki and Miyu Irino have been released to the public on July 8 , 2009 . The Japanese DVD releases of Volume 1 came out on July 24 , 2009 with subsequent releases from Volumes 2 to 10 on August 25 , 2009 , September 25 , 2009 , October 23 , 2009 , November 25 , 2009 , December 22 , 2009 , January 22 , 2010 , February 25 , 2010 , March 25 , 2010 and April 23 , 2010 . FUNimation released the series on Blu-ray and DVD in 2011 . A manga adaptation of the show was published in tankōbon form on May 23 , 2009 by Media Factory and Nitroplus , with the manga being illustrated by Masaki Hiragi under Media Factory 's Monthly Comic Alive 's February issue .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d82295fe0c9929417eb83744afb7462e", "text": "The Final Chapter The Final Chapter may refer to : The Final Chapter ( Hypocrisy album ) , 1997 The Final Chapter ( C-Bo album ) The Final Chapter ( Ruff Endz album ) The Final Chapter ( Dungeon album ) All Areas -- Worldwide , a 1997 live album by Accept , released as The Final Chapter in Japan and the United States Urusei Yatsura : The Final Chapter , the fifth movie of Urusei Yatsura `` The Gathering of Five and The Final Chapter '' , a Spider-Man story-line Friday the 13th : The Final Chapter , the fourth Friday the 13th film , released in 1984 Puppet Master 5 : The Final Chapter , the fifth Puppet Master film , released in 1994 Lake Placid : The Final Chapter , the fourth Lake Placid film , released in 2012 Duets : The Final Chapter , third posthumous album by The Notorious B.I.G. , released in 2005 The Final Chapter , a 1988 anime film based on the Maison Ikkoku manga series Saw 3D : The Final Chapter , the seventh film in the Saw franchise , released in 2010 . Resident Evil : The Final Chapter , the sixth film in the Resident Evil film series , released in 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "666e8ef6aa8bd100a9811a374c08559a", "text": "Army of Darkness (comics) Army of Darkness comics are based on the film of the same name published originally by Dark Horse Comics , and later by Dynamite Entertainment who initially published them through Devil 's Due Publishing . The stories follow the adventures of the Evil Dead series , Ash Williams , and has included a number of crossovers with a wide variety of characters such as , Marvel Zombies , Darkman , Freddy Krueger , Jason Voorhees , Dracula , Xena , Danger Girl , and Re-Animator .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8427396a98452fdd70ee4815b2909a31", "text": "John McClane John McClane is the main protagonist of the Die Hard film series . He is portrayed by Bruce Willis . He is known for his sardonic one-liners , including the famous catchphrase `` Yippee-ki-yay , motherfucker '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0d560e8dcb05755b26941aa8706f533d", "text": "Alternative versions of Lex Luthor The fictional character Lex Luthor has appeared in a number of media , always as the archenemy of Superman . Each version of the work typically establishes its own continuity , and sometimes introduces parallel universes , to the point where distinct differences in the portrayal of the character can be identified . In addition , the DC Universe has been rewritten a number of times , establishing additional versions of the character . This article details and lists various versions of Lex Luthor depicted in works including DC Comics Multiverse , Elseworlds , television and film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "969574736086f1e027c219810e05ae24", "text": "Freddy vs. Jason Freddy vs. Jason is a 2003 American slasher film directed by Ronny Yu and written by Damian Shannon and Mark Swift . The film is a crossover between the Friday the 13th and A Nightmare on Elm Street franchises and pits Jason Voorhees and Freddy Krueger against each other in the eleventh and eighth installments in their respective series . The film is also the last in both the Friday the 13th and Nightmare on Elm Street franchises before they were both rebooted . In the film , Freddy ( Robert Englund ) has grown incapable of haunting people 's dreams as the citizens of Springwood , Ohio , have mostly forgotten about him . To regain his power , Freddy manipulates Jason ( Ken Kirzinger ) into resurrecting himself and traveling to Springwood to cause panic and fear , leading to rumors that Freddy has returned . However , while Jason succeeds in causing enough fear for Freddy to haunt the town again , Jason angers Freddy by depriving Krueger of his potential victims . This ultimately sends the two undying monsters into a violent conflict . Freddy vs. Jason was released in the United States on August 15 , 2003 . It grossed $ 114 million , making it the highest-grossing film in the Friday the 13th series and the second-highest-grossing film in the Nightmare on Elm Street series . This film marked Englund 's final appearance to date as Freddy Krueger , and it was the first since Friday the 13th Part VI : Jason Lives not to feature Kane Hodder as Jason Voorhees .", "title": "" } ]	fever
4ea3a832fe67c037aa3d5b682bb60215	Donnie Wahlberg was nominated for Choice Scream at the 2008 Teen Choice Awards.	[ { "docid": "b93d798ddeafe2b11bb79d6a1eb538e3", "text": "Donnie Wahlberg Donald Edmond `` Donnie '' Wahlberg Jr. . ( born August 17 , 1969 ) is an American singer , songwriter , actor , record producer , and film producer . He is a founding member of the boy band New Kids on the Block . Outside of music , he has had roles in the Saw films , The Sixth Sense , Dreamcatcher , and Righteous Kill , also appearing in the World War II miniseries Band of Brothers as First Lieutenant Carwood Lipton . From 2002 to 2003 , he starred in the crime drama Boomtown . He has been starring in the drama series Blue Bloods as Danny Reagan with Tom Selleck ( his TV father ) and Bridget Moynahan ( his TV sister ) since 2010 , and since 2014 is an executive producer of the TNT reality television show Boston 's Finest . He was nominated for Choice Scream at the 2008 Teen Choice Awards for his work in the Saw films . He has also produced and starred in `` Rock this Boat '' , `` Donnie Loves Jenny '' and `` Return of the Mac '' on Pop TV .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "97e69b12cafe8bac808c75e5d636fa5b", "text": "Golden Raspberry Awards The Golden Raspberry Awards ( often shortened to Razzies and Razzie Awards ) is an award in recognition of the worst in film . Co-founded by UCLA film graduates and film-industry veterans , John J. B. Wilson and Mo Murphy , the annual Razzie Awards ceremony in Los Angeles precedes the corresponding Academy Awards ceremony by one day . The term raspberry in the name is used in its irreverent sense , as in `` blowing a raspberry '' . The awards themselves are in the form of a `` golf ball-sized raspberry '' which sits atop a Super 8 mm film reel , the whole of which is spray painted gold . The first Golden Raspberry Awards ceremony was held on March 31 , 1981 , at John J. B. Wilson 's living-room alcove in Los Angeles , to honor the worst in film of the 1980 film season . The 37th ceremony was held on February 25 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ddf51ba6daebaca6eefca61f71babc37", "text": "The Family That Preys The Family That Preys is a 2008 American movie drama written , produced , and directed by Tyler Perry . The screenplay focuses on two families , one wealthy and the other working class , whose lives are intertwined in both love and business . The movie is the second of four in which Perry 's signature character , Madea , does not make an appearance . It is also the second Perry-directed film ( alongside Daddy 's Little Girls ) that is not based on any of the filmmaker 's stage plays .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fddff19ac1068b5226e0b5f2075a65cf", "text": "List of teen films Teen film is a film genre targeted at teenagers and young adults in which the plot is based upon the special interests of teenagers and young adults , such as coming of age , first love , rebellion , conflict with parents , teen angst , and alienation . Some of these films are targeted at adults as well as teenagers . Teen films have been a trope of the cinema industry for decades since the 1950s . At this time , the film industry saw a greater market for teens with more disposable income and therefore more money to spend on leisure activities , largely going to films . Because of the boom in teen viewers , drive-in movie theaters were also very popular . However , even the silent era had teen films . Recently , online streaming services such as Netflix have created a resurgence in the `` tween '' and teenage-oriented film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "56563307d80f178eefa7f73cb22d6e44", "text": "78th Academy Awards The 78th Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , took place on March 5 , 2006 , at the Kodak Theatre in Hollywood , Los Angeles beginning at 5:00 p.m. PST / 8:00 p.m. EST. . The ceremony was scheduled one week later than usual to avoid conflicting with the 2006 Winter Olympics . During the ceremony , AMPAS presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 24 categories honoring films released in 2005 . The ceremony , televised in the United States by ABC , was produced by Gil Cates and directed by Louis J. Horvitz . Actor Jon Stewart hosted the show for the first time . Two weeks earlier in a ceremony at The Beverly Hilton in Beverly Hills , California held on February 18 , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Rachel McAdams . Crash won three awards including Academy Award for Best Picture . Other winners included Brokeback Mountain , King Kong , and Memoirs of a Geisha also with three awards apiece , and Capote , The Chronicles of Narnia : The Lion , the Witch and the Wardrobe , The Constant Gardener , Hustle and Flow , March of the Penguins , The Moon and the Son : An Imagined Conversation , A Note of Triumph : The Golden Age of Norman Corwin , Six Shooter , Syriana , Tsotsi , Walk the Line , and Wallace & Gromit : The Curse of the Were-Rabbit with one each . The telecast garnered nearly 39 million viewers in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "397e0847a96055279a8d81151860011a", "text": "List of 2008 box office number-one films in the United States This is a list of films which have placed number one at the weekend box office in the United States during 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ecbd693c1acec4524eee6bb87be6fad1", "text": "Scream Awards The Scream Awards were an award show dedicated to the horror , sci-fi , and fantasy genres of feature films . Originally only having Scream Queen and Heroic Performance awards for actors , the personnel awards have expanded to include actors and actresses of all three recognized genres . In addition , comic books awards were also given and have been recently expanded . It is broadcast on Spike TV and has been branded in the past as the Spike TV Scream Awards . Subsequently , the show was relabeled simply Scream with the respective year , i.e. Scream 2009 . The show was created by executive producers Michael Levitt , Cindy Levitt , and Casey Patterson . The Scream Awards ceremonies were cancelled following the 2011 Scream Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "addb82047c6912ac4e88ed0b5853adcf", "text": "Austin Film Critics Association Awards 2008 4th AFCA Awards Best Film : The Dark Knight The 4th Austin Film Critics Association Awards , honoring the best in filmmaking for 2008 , were announced on December 16 , 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "07331940ff1d6b8a7a9919112fa748d2", "text": "American Teen (film) American Teen is a 2008 documentary film directed by Nanette Burstein ( On the Ropes , The Kid Stays in the Picture ) and produced by 57th & Irving . It competed in the Documentary Competition at the 2008 Sundance Film Festival , where it received the Directing Award : Documentary . Following the Sundance Film Festival , the movie was picked up by Paramount Vantage and was released to general cinema July 25 , 2008 . Much of the movie was filmed at Warsaw Community High School in Warsaw , Indiana . Director Nanette Burstein originally reviewed more than 100 different schools in the pre-production process , and ten schools replied , agreeing to participate . After she interviewed incoming seniors at all 10 , she chose Warsaw .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3d97951706285561a338328060cbefd3", "text": "7th Lux Style Awards The 2008 Lux Style Awards , officially known as the 7th Lux Style Awards ceremony , presented by the Lux Style Awards honours the best films of 2008 and took place at the DHA Golf Club , Karachi on 29th Oct , 08 . This year , the city of lights played host to the Pakistani Film Industry . The official ceremony took place on 29th Oct , 08 , at the Expo Centre , in Karachi . During the ceremony , Lux Style Awards were awarded in 29 competitive categories . The ceremony was televised in Pakistan and internationally on Geo TV . Actor Shaan Shahid and rockstar Ali Azmat hosted the ceremony . Fawad Khan also hosted some parts of the show .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fa01a28988dd862190f41d40ce54fe35", "text": "Dirty Dancing (song) `` Dirty Dancing '' is the third overall single from New Kids on the Block 's 2008 album , The Block . It was produced by RedOne . The lead vocals were sung by Jordan Knight and Donnie Wahlberg .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "954fb124398fb6dd46f24987a37ce950", "text": "2008 Webby Awards The 12th annual 2008 Webby Awards were held on June 10 , 2008 and emceed by SNL head writer Seth Meyers and help at Cipriani , a massive banquet hall in Manhattan 's financial district . The Webby Film and Video Awards were held on June 9 at Skirball Center for the Performing Arts and were hosted by Judah Friedlander . The awards were judged by the International Academy of Digital Arts and Sciences , and winners were selected from over 10,000 entries . Lorne Michaels was honored with a lifetime achievement award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1445773c08da50707979a85167e4edf4", "text": "Houston Film Critics Society Awards 2010 The 4th Houston Film Critics Society Awards were presented on December 18 , 2010 . These awards for `` extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Houston Film Critics Society ( HFCS ) based in Houston , Texas . The organization , founded in 2007 , includes 22 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications in the greater Houston area . The awards are co-sponsored by the Houston Film Commission , Southwest Alternate Media Project , Women in Film and Television/Houston , WorldFest , and the Houston Cinema Arts Society . The nominations for the 2010 awards were announced on December 12 , 2010 . Eligible films do not need to have played or opened in a Houston film theater prior to the nomination deadline , merely made available to the HFCS membership at a screening or on DVD . Along with the 13 `` best of '' category awards , this year also saw the introduction of a new category for `` Worst Movies of the Year '' . The Social Network , True Grit , and 127 Hours each received six nominations , all including the Best Picture , Actor , Direction , and Original Score categories . The Social Network was the HFCS 's most awarded film of 2010 taking top honors in the Best Picture , Best Director ( David Fincher ) , Best Actor ( Jesse Eisenberg ) , and Best Screenplay ( Aaron Sorkin ) categories . Inception was the only other film to garner multiple awards , winning both the Best Original Score ( Hans Zimmer ) and Best Cinematography ( Wally Pfister ) prizes . The other acting awards went to Natalie Portman as Best Actress for Black Swan , Hailee Steinfeld as Best Supporting Actress for True Grit , and Christian Bale as Best Supporting Actor for The Fighter . The remaining film honors went to Toy Story 3 as Best Animated Film , Restrepo as Best Documentary , and The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo as Best Foreign Language Film . `` We Are Sex Bob-Omb '' by Beck from Scott Pilgrim vs. the World was named the Best Original Song . The HFCS 's first-ever award for `` Worst Picture '' was given to Jonah Hex starring Josh Brolin . In addition to the category awards , the HFCS presented their annual Lifetime Achievement Award to Sissy Spacek and its Humanitarian Award to George Clooney . Clooney was selected for `` selflessly using his celebrity for greater good '' . The HFCS award for Outstanding Achievement in Cinema awards were presented to Charles Dove , director of the Rice University Media Center , and Hector Luna , the founder and editor of C-47 Houston .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aeb8c1992a7e475737f5b6d88b63774d", "text": "Donnie Yen Donnie Yen ( born 27 July 1963 ) , also known as Yen Chi Tan , is a Hong Kong actor , martial artist , film director , producer , action choreographer , and multiple-time world wushu tournament champion . Yen is credited by many for contributing to the popularisation of the traditional martial arts style known as Wing Chun . He played Wing Chun grandmaster Ip Man in the 2008 film Ip Man , which was a box office success . This has led to an increase in the number of people taking up Wing Chun , leading to hundreds of new Wing Chun schools being opened up in mainland China and other parts of Asia . Ip Chun , the eldest son of Ip Man , even mentioned that he is grateful to Yen for making his family art popular and allowing his father 's legacy to be remembered . Yen is considered to be one of Hong Kong 's top action stars ; director Peter Chan mentioned that he `` is the ` it ' action person right now '' and `` has built himself into a bona fide leading man , who happens to be an action star . '' Yen is widely credited for bringing mixed martial arts ( MMA ) into the mainstream of Chinese culture by choreographing MMA in many of his recent films . Yen has displayed notable skills in a wide variety of martial arts , being well-versed in Tai chi chuan , boxing , kickboxing , Jeet Kune Do , Hapkido , Taekwondo , karate , Muay Thai , wrestling , Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu , Judo , Wing Chun , and Wushu . Seen as one of the most popular film stars in Asia of the early 2000s , Yen was one of the highest paid actors in Asia in 2009 . Yen earned HK$ 220 million ( US$ 28.4 million ) from four films and six advertisements in 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5b9e6cb05956edd9cfdda5cb89214f00", "text": "Juno Awards of 2008 The Juno Awards of 2008 were held in Calgary , Alberta , Canada on the weekend ending 6 April 2008 . These ceremonies honoured music industry achievements in Canada in the latter part of 2006 and in most of 2007 . Country performer and multiple Juno Award winner Paul Brandt received the 2008 Humanitarian Award which is now named after CHUM-FM Radio founder , Allan Waters . Moses Znaimer , who led the development of Citytv and MuchMusic , received the Walt Grealis Special Achievement Award . Nominations for all remaining categories were announced on 5 February 2008 . Notable among winners was Feist , winning all five awards in her nominated categories , three of which were presented in the televised gala .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "827c92d5edbcf33d258b98a603552377", "text": "2001 MTV Movie Awards The 2001 MTV Movie Awards were held on June 2 , 2001 , and were hosted by Jimmy Fallon and Kirsten Dunst . The program featured performances from Christina Aguilera , Lil ' Kim , Mýa and Pink ( Moulin Rouge ! ) , Dave Matthews Band and Weezer . Sofia Coppola was presented with an award for Best New Filmmaker . This was Aaliyah 's last appearance at the Movie Awards before her death two months later in a plane crash in the Bahamas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "16054a9b332caaea970d46ceaa907e6b", "text": "28th Golden Raspberry Awards The 28th Golden Raspberry Awards or Razzies were held on February 23 , 2008 , in Santa Monica , California , USA , to honor the worst films of 2007 . The nominations were announced on January 21 . In line with Razzies tradition , both the nominee announcements and ceremony preceded the corresponding Academy Awards functions by one day . The most nominated film of 2007 was I Know Who Killed Me with nine nominations , followed by I Now Pronounce You Chuck and Larry and Norbit with eight each . I Know Who Killed Me was the big winner of the evening , receiving eight awards for a new Razzie record . Eddie Murphy received a Razzie record five personal nominations , all surrounding his work ( especially his performance of multiple characters ) in Norbit . He ended up winning three awards , one for each character he portrayed . The actress Lindsay Lohan also won three awards for her dual roles in I Know Who Killed Me . The special category introduced this year was Worst Excuse for a Horror Movie .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea8308e801fad44d649bf01fafdaafcb", "text": "The Happening (2008 film) The Happening is a 2008 American thriller film written , co-produced and directed by M. Night Shyamalan , and stars Mark Wahlberg , Zooey Deschanel , John Leguizamo , and Betty Buckley . The film follows a man , his wife , his best friend and his friend 's daughter as they try to escape from an inexplicable natural disaster . The film was advertised as being Shyamalan 's first R-rated film ; it received mostly negative reviews from critics on Metacritic and grossed $ 163 million worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "745fe2d18c43313d636be2ea77bbc442", "text": "13th Critics' Choice Awards The 13th Critics ' Choice Awards were given on 7 January 2008 to honor the finest achievements in 2007 filmmaking . D. L. Hughley hosted the event .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "06a631187fc29ea0f04a541f9f00defd", "text": "2009 Independent Spirit Awards The 2009 Independent Spirit Awards can refer to : 24th Independent Spirit Awards , a ceremony held in 2009 , honoring the films of 2008 25th Independent Spirit Awards , a ceremony held in 2010 , honoring the films of 2009 Category : Independent Spirit Awards", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4b10e9afb6d9a95ed56bf52dcdd8261c", "text": "Donnie Darko (soundtrack) The Donnie Darko soundtrack was created by Michael Andrews and released in 2002 . It consisted of 16 instrumental tracks and two covers of `` Mad World '' by Tears for Fears .", "title": "" } ]	fever
fab7b3045756a5a7df1917b0f3a13fc7	Geraldine Chaplin has a Florida home.	[ { "docid": "419c9e2aaabc5e743aa5f7c541992cf8", "text": "Geraldine Chaplin Geraldine Leigh Chaplin ( born July 31 , 1944 ) is a prolific actress of English , French , and Spanish language films , the fourth child of Charlie Chaplin , the first of eight with fourth wife Oona O'Neill . After beginnings in dance and modeling , she turned her attention to acting , and made her American acting debut ( and came to prominence in what would be a Golden Globe -- nominated role ) in her portrayal of Tonya in David Lean 's Doctor Zhivago ( 1965 ) . She made her Broadway acting debut in Lillian Hellman 's The Little Foxes in 1967 , and received her second Golden Globe nomination for Robert Altman 's Nashville ( 1975 ) . She also appeared in his other pictures , including Buffalo Bill and the Indians , or Sitting Bull 's History Lesson ( 1976 ) , and A Wedding ( 1978 ) . She received a BAFTA nomination for her role in Welcome to L.A. ( 1976 ) , and then appeared in Roseland ( 1977 ) and Remember My Name ( 1978 ) . She played her grandmother Hannah Chaplin in the biopic , Chaplin ( 1992 ) for which she received her third Golden Globe nomination . She also appeared in The Age of Innocence ( 1993 ) , Jane Eyre ( 1996 ) , Mother Teresa : In the Name of God 's Poor ( 1997 ) , and a decade later , in The Wolfman ( 2010 ) . Chaplin has appeared in a wide variety of critically recognised Spanish and French films . She starred in Claude Lelouch 's Les Uns et les Autres ( 1981 ) , the Alain Resnais comedy Life Is a Bed of Roses ( 1983 ) and the Jacques Rivette experimental film Love on the Ground ( 1984 ) . She enjoyed her greatest critical success collaborating with Carlos Saura , starring in several notable films by the director , including Ana and the Wolves ( 1973 ) , Cría cuervos ( 1976 ) , Elisa , vida mía ( 1977 ) , and Mamá cumple cien años ( 1979 ) . She collaborated with Pedro Almodóvar in Talk to Her ( 2002 ) . She was awarded a Goya Award for her role in En la ciudad sin límites ( 2002 ) , and was nominated again for The Orphanage ( 2007 ) . Her contribution to Spanish cinema culminated in her being awarded the Gold medal by the Spanish Academy of Cinematographic Arts and Sciences in 2006 . Chaplin had a long term relationship with Spanish film director Carlos Saura , giving birth to their son , Shane Suara , in 1976 . A subsequent long-term relationship with Chilean cinematographer Patricio Castilla ( married , 2006 ) , gave her a daughter , Oona , born 1986 . As of 2011 , Chaplin maintained homes in Miami , Florida , in the United States , and in Madrid , Spain , and Corsier-sur-Vevey , Switzerland .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "bf53d3d10b67a06c20ab5fbb1260d464", "text": "Franklin Park, Florida Franklin Park is a census-designated place ( CDP ) in Broward County , Florida , United States . The population was 860 at the 2010 census .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1bf49f4fd331ffb611d4eb8ae0520a0f", "text": "Walt Disney World Dolphin The Walt Disney World Dolphin is a resort hotel designed by architect Michael Graves located between Epcot and Disney 's Hollywood Studios in the Walt Disney World Resort in Bay Lake , Florida , next to Disney 's BoardWalk Resort area . It opened on June 1 , 1990 and is joined to its sister hotel , the Walt Disney World Swan ( also designed by Graves ) by a palm-tree lined covered walkway crossing a lagoon . The Walt Disney World Swan and Dolphin is a joint venture between the Walt Disney Company , Tishman Hotel Corporation , MetLife and Starwood Hotels and Resorts . The land the resort occupies is owned by the Walt Disney Company , while the buildings themselves are leased by Disney to the Tishman Hotel Corporation and MetLife but operated by Starwood Hotels & Resorts Worldwide under the Sheraton Hotels brand . The Walt Disney World Swan and Dolphin are a part of the Walt Disney Collection of resorts ; because of this they are Disney branded and guests of the resort have access to special Disney benefits available to Disney Resort Hotel guests only . The Dolphin and Swan share similar elements , but each has a distinctive appearance . The Dolphin is composed of a 257 ft tall triangular tower bisecting a 12-story rectangular mass with four 9-story wings on the Swan-side of the structure . The roof of each half of the main mass is adorned with a 56 ft tall Dolphin statue . On the main colored facade there is a turquoise banana-leaf pattern echoed by a similar wave pattern on the Swan . The statues on top of the Dolphin hotel are not mammalian dolphins , but a stylized version of a nautical dolphin , a common symbol used on old world nautical maps . The design of the creatures is based on Triton Fountain in Rome . In 2008 , The Walt Disney Dolphin Resort was awarded a One Palm Designation through the Florida Green Lodging Program established by the Florida Department of Environmental Protection . The Florida Green Lodging Program is a voluntary state initiative that provides the lodging industry with free technical assistance , encouraging hotels and motels to adopt cost-saving `` green '' practices that reduce waste , conserve natural resources and improve the bottom line .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "73804efc32215c5058241ce0ba156fb0", "text": "Chapline Chapline may refer to : Jesse Grant Chapline ( 1870 -- 1937 ) , American educator and politician George Chapline , Jr. ( born 1942 ) , American condensed matter physicist William Chapline House stone house built about 1790 in Maryland", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3629c4aca8890e546a04aa813547f68b", "text": "Delano South Beach The Delano South Beach hotel is an upscale resort located in Miami Beach , Florida . Delano is now a part of the Morgans Hotel Group collection . It is located directly on the beach . The Delano is known for its whimsical , art-deco styling and its celebrity clientele . In 2007 , the Delano South Beach was ranked in the American Institute of Architects list of `` America 's Favorite Architecture '' . On April 18 , 2012 , the AIA 's Florida Chapter placed the Delano South Beach on its list of Florida Architecture : 100 Years . 100 Places .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ff5955b716c5c613c98172bf00da6d6f", "text": "Limelight (1952 film) Limelight is a 1952 comedy-drama film written , produced , and directed by Charlie Chaplin . Unlike his earlier films , the score was composed by Chaplin and arranged by Ray Rasch , marking this as the first film that he did not musically arrange . The film stars Chaplin as a washed-up comedian who saves a suicidal dancer from killing herself , played by Claire Bloom , and both try to get through life ; additional roles are provided by Nigel Bruce , Sydney Chaplin as Sydney Earl Chaplin , Wheeler Dryden , and Norman Lloyd with an appearance from Buster Keaton . In dance scenes , Bloom is doubled by Melissa Hayden . Upon the film 's release , critics ' reception was divided ; it was heavily boycotted in the United States , and commercially failed . However , the film was re-released the United States in 1972 which included its first screening in Los Angeles . This allowed the decades-old film to be in contention for the 45th Academy Awards where Chaplin won his only competitive Academy Award . Today , the film is sometimes regarded as one of Chaplin 's best and most personal works , and has since attained a cult following .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dd63c5fd9dbd1c6f6979141f7ef5ff5c", "text": "The Freak The Freak was an unfinished dramatic comedy from Charles Chaplin . The story revolved around a young South American girl who unexpectedly sprouts a pair of wings . She is kidnapped and taken to London , where her captors cash in by passing her off as an angel . Later she escapes , only to be arrested because of her appearance . She is further dehumanized by standing trial to determine if she is human at all . Chaplin began work in and around 1969 with his daughter Victoria in mind for the lead role . However , Victoria 's abrupt marriage and his advanced age proved roadblocks and the film was never made . Chaplin biographer Jeffrey Vance maintains that Chaplin script for The Freak `` borrows many themes , ideas , and even phrases from his three previous films but is nevertheless an original story filled with marvelous Chaplin comedy touches . '' Vance , who interviewed Victoria Chaplin , believes The Freak `` had strong potential for being a very moving -- and fitting -- swan song . '' Chaplin 's memoir , My Life in Pictures ( 1974 ) , describes The Freak as a work still in progress . He also mentioned his intent to make it in an interview on his 85th birthday in 1974 . `` I mean to make it someday '' , Chaplin writes in a caption alongside a photograph of Victoria in winged costume published in My Life in Pictures . No footage from the film is known to exist , though brief color footage of Victoria in wings can be seen in Charlie Chaplin - Les années suisses ( 2003 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "31e94ffb52fea8fdea783cf52ae00758", "text": "Old Fernald-Laughton Memorial Hospital The Old Fernald-Laughton Memorial Hospital ( also known as the Florida Hotel or George Fernald House ) is a historic site in Sanford , Florida , United States . It is located at 500 South Oak Avenue . On May 21 , 1987 , it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a07345e6f0cab9703e1eaf7b9e9056b5", "text": "Boston House The Boston House ( also known as Cresthaven ) is a historic building in downtown Fort Pierce , Florida . It is located at 239 South Indian River Drive ( County Road 707 ) . On April 11 , 1985 , it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places . It is recognized for its unique mixture of Neo-classical and Georgian architecture . It is also recognized for its part in local history . On April 18 , 2012 , the AIA 's Florida Chapter placed the building on its list of Florida Architecture : 100 Years . 100 Places as Cresthaven/Boston House .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fa5957c6be0cd7d599f9834248aa9647", "text": "Hammerstein House The Hammerstein House ( also known as the Rust House ) is a historic home in Hollywood , Florida . It is located at 1520 Polk Street . On February 15 , 2005 , it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a98081fa2b0b5e189b9a2d5649361138", "text": "His Trysting Place His Trysting Place is a short 1914 film written and directed by Charles Chaplin and starring Chaplin and Mabel Normand .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "23fb787849c02932ffc651c9ade11c09", "text": "Everglades Hotel The Everglades Hotel was a historic hotel located in Downtown Miami , Florida . At 23 floors , it was once the largest hotel in the city . The construction was completed just before the Great Miami Hurricane of 1926 , which flooded the lobby . Television station WTVJ ( channel 4 , now 6 ) originally had its transmitter atop the hotel when it signed on the air in 1949 . The building was demolished in 2005 to make room for a new building . Originally named `` Everglades on the Bay '' in its honor , the new building was later renamed Vizcayne .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c626a780d7e73ef69819636a98cbb641", "text": "El Sentinel del Sur de la Florida El Sentinel del Sur de la Florida ( Spanish for `` South Florida Sun-Sentinel '' ) is a weekly Spanish-language newspaper published in Fort Lauderdale , Florida by the Sun-Sentinel Company , a subsidiary of the Tribune Publishing of Chicago , which also publish the South Florida Sun-Sentinel . El Sentinel began publication in 2003 . The newspaper 's chief competitors in the South Florida metropolitan area are El Nuevo Herald , the Spanish edition of the Miami Herald , and La Palma , the Spanish edition of the Palm Beach Post .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5940a34629f74f229047d2eac5cc73af", "text": "The House of Mirth (1981 film) The House of Mirth is a 1981 American television film directed by Adrian Hall . It is based on Edith Wharton 's novel of the same name . It stars Geraldine Chaplin as the protagonist , Lily Bart . The film was part-funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities . It was broadcast on WNET on 2 November 1981 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3b2f304f50e08048fbe28cb988fa4e6", "text": "Roesch House The Roesch House is a historic U.S. home located at 1320 Highland Avenue , Melbourne , Florida . The house is owned by The Rossetter House Foundation , Inc. , managed by the Florida Historical Society , and part of the Historic Rossetter House Museum . The house was owned by William Roesch , the first mayor of Eau Gallie , Florida .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0ca358f8aa8f0cd5a67e72246b64faa7", "text": "Williams House (Tallahassee, Florida) The White House ( also known as the White House or White House or '' ` White House ' ) is a historic home in Tallahassee , Florida , United States . It is located at 450 Saint Francis Street . On April 4 , 1996 , it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "051934c43b6e044ca9040ea83adc7d1e", "text": "Miami Springs, Florida Miami Springs is a city located in Dade County , Florida . The city was founded by Glenn Hammond Curtiss , `` The Father of Naval Aviation '' , and James Bright , during the famous `` land boom '' of the 1920s and was originally named Country Club Estates . It , along with other cities in Dade County such as Coral Gables , Florida and Opa-locka , Florida , formed some of the first planned communities in the state . Like its counterparts , the city had an intended theme which in its case , was to reflect a particular architecture and ambiance . In this case it was a regional style of architecture called Pueblo Revival developed in the southwest , primarily New Mexico , and incorporating design elements of Pueblo architecture . Other buildings incorporated Mission style design . In fact , the original Hotel Country Club was designed to resemble a Pueblo village . Shortly prior to incorporation in 1926 , the city was renamed after a spring located in the area which provided parts of Miami with fresh water until the mid-1990s . As of 2013 , the population recorded by the U.S. Census Bureau is 14,316 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0914ce64cb470c5139db153c901a7d1a", "text": "Miramar Beach, Florida Miramar Beach is a census-designated place ( CDP ) in Walton County , Florida , United States . The population was 6,146 at the 2010 census . Although many other localities in Florida have appended `` Beach '' to their names to distinguish themselves from an adjacent inland or cross-bay municipality -- such as Miami Beach , St. Pete Beach , Pensacola Beach , Melbourne Beach , Cocoa Beach , and Jacksonville Beach -- the city of Miramar , Florida is actually over 600 mi away in South Florida . There are other Miramar Beaches in Goa , India and in Santa Barbara , California .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8bfbd9d8af8239f82ada5f6654ed704a", "text": "North Florida North Florida is a region of the U.S. state of Florida , comprising the northern parts of the state . It is one of Florida 's three most common `` directional '' regions , along with South Florida and Central Florida . It includes Jacksonville and nearby localities in Northeast Florida , an interior region known as North Central Florida , and the Florida Panhandle .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e081afd8ae36aa78df585699f68a6421", "text": "Saxony Hotel The Saxony Hotel is a hotel at 3201 Collins Avenue Miami Beach . It was built and owned by George D. Sax . Designed by architect Roy F. France , it was completed in 1948 as one of the first luxury resorts on Miami Beach . Following the success of the Saxony , other hotels emerged on the opulent beach front . Currently it is owned by The Faena Group which is extensively renovating to be part of the New Saxony Hotel & Residences . George Sax was perhaps best known as the president and chairman of Chicago 's Exchange International Corporation and Exchange National Bank . He was also president of Sax Enterprises , Inc. . Today , Sax is recognized for his contributions to the banking industry , being credited with the innovation of drive-through banking and instant loans . The Saxony was famous for its luxurious rooms , complimentary meals , restaurants and exceptional views of South Beach . It was the first air-conditioned hotel on Miami Beach , and was considered the most expensive and lavish resort of the time . When the hotel first opened , each room was estimated to have cost approximately $ 21,000 , which at the time was thought to be the largest sum of money ever paid for such a project . The rooms featured decks that could accommodate large groups . It was nicknamed the `` Ivory Tower '' after the nightclub on its top floor . Features of the hotel included decks that could accommodate large groups , an Olympic-sized swimming pool , a 600-foot private beach , and two all-weather tennis courts . The Saxony hotel is now known as the Faena Hotel , celebrating its grand opening in December 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3f98900686cdf4fd13bad99bfe6bd5e9", "text": "Seagrove Beach, Florida Seagrove Beach , Florida is a two-mile-long beach community located on the Florida Panhandle , on the Gulf of Mexico , in Walton County , Florida . It is located along County Highway 30a , east of Seaside , Florida and west of Seacrest Beach . Seagrove Beach is recognized locally as an independent neighborhood , however its official mailing address is Santa Rosa Beach , Florida . Like the other communities along 30a and Florida 's Emerald Coast in general , Seagrove Beach is known for its scenic and appealing `` sugar white '' beaches and blue/green waters . Tourism website `` Visitsouthwalton.com '' describes Seagrove Beach as `` laid back , but luxurious '' and home to upscale boutiques , casual cafes , a state park and rare coastal dune lakes .", "title": "" } ]	fever
abc2d46657156d1bc3b6030601ad8260	The Silence of the Lambs is an American film.	[ { "docid": "7446497c63b64abfc2cb50f330edc6c4", "text": "The Silence of the Lambs (film) The Silence of the Lambs is a 1991 American horror-thriller film directed by Jonathan Demme and starring Jodie Foster , Anthony Hopkins , and Scott Glenn . Adapted by Ted Tally from the 1988 novel of the same name by Thomas Harris , his second to feature the character of Dr. Hannibal Lecter ; a brilliant psychiatrist and cannibalistic serial killer , the film was the second adaptation of a Harris novel featuring Lecter , preceded by the Michael Mann-directed Manhunter in 1986 . In the film , Clarice Starling , a young U.S. FBI trainee , seeks the advice of the imprisoned Dr. Lecter to apprehend another serial killer , known only as `` Buffalo Bill '' . The Silence of the Lambs was released on February 14 , 1991 , and grossed $ 272.7 million worldwide against its $ 19 million budget . It was only the third film , the other two being It Happened One Night and One Flew Over the Cuckoo 's Nest , to win Academy Awards in all the top five categories : Best Picture , Best Actor , Best Actress , Best Director , and Adapted Screenplay . It is also the first ( and so far only ) Best Picture winner widely considered to be a horror film , and only the third such film to be nominated in the category , after The Exorcist in 1973 and Jaws in 1975 . The film is considered `` culturally , historically or aesthetically '' significant by the U.S. Library of Congress and was selected to be preserved in the National Film Registry in 2011 . A sequel titled Hannibal was released in 2001 with Hopkins reprising his role , followed by two prequels : Red Dragon ( 2002 ) and Hannibal Rising ( 2007 ) .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "8a5b7da9f02944f8af5558a4af60c643", "text": "Silent majority The silent majority is an unspecified large group of people in a country or group who do not express their opinions publicly . The term was popularized by U.S. President Richard Nixon in a November 3 , 1969 , speech in which he said , `` And so tonight -- to you , the great silent majority of my fellow Americans -- I ask for your support . '' In this usage it referred to those Americans who did not join in the large demonstrations against the Vietnam War at the time , who did not join in the counterculture , and who did not participate in public discourse . Nixon along with many others saw this group of Middle Americans as being overshadowed in the media by the more vocal minority . Preceding Nixon by half a century , it was employed in 1919 by Warren Harding 's campaign for the 1920 presidential nomination . Before that , the phrase was used in the 19th century as a euphemism referring to all the people who have died , and others have used it before and after Nixon to refer to groups of voters in various nations of the world .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1d225dc315258d25b16334c717f86aa8", "text": "Wakefield (film) Wakefield is a 2016 American drama film directed and written by Robin Swicord , based on the short story of same name by E. L. Doctorow . The film stars Bryan Cranston and Jennifer Garner . Principal photography began on November 30 , 2015 , in Pasadena , California . The film had its world premiere at the Telluride Film Festival on September 2 , 2016 . It was released in a limited release on May 19 , 2017 , before being released through video on demand on May 26 , 2017 , by IFC Films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "40ba4ecaac43844eff1bcd5527906104", "text": "Sunset Boulevard (film) Sunset Boulevard ( stylized onscreen as SUNSET BLVD. ) is a 1950 American film noir directed and co-written by Billy Wilder , and produced and co-written by Charles Brackett . It was named after the boulevard that runs through Los Angeles and Beverly Hills , California . The film stars William Holden as Joe Gillis , an unsuccessful screenwriter , and Gloria Swanson as Norma Desmond , a faded silent film star who draws him into her fantasy world where she dreams of making a triumphant return to the screen , with Erich von Stroheim as Max Von Mayerling , her devoted servant . Nancy Olson , Fred Clark , Lloyd Gough and Jack Webb play supporting roles . Director Cecil B. DeMille and gossip columnist Hedda Hopper play themselves , and the film includes cameo appearances by leading silent film actors Buster Keaton , H. B. Warner and Anna Q. Nilsson . Praised by many critics when first released , Sunset Boulevard was nominated for eleven Academy Awards ( including nominations in all four acting categories ) and won three . Deemed `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' by the U.S. Library of Congress in 1989 , Sunset Boulevard was included in the first group of films selected for preservation in the National Film Registry . In 1998 , it was ranked number twelve on the American Film Institute 's list of the 100 best American films of the 20th century , and in 2007 , it was 16th on their 10th Anniversary list .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3c95d6b6f0e5fc404bce953042aa238", "text": "Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film . The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "88a8acdf0629157c61c273a5c7fe45c2", "text": "Noël Coward Society The Noël Coward Society is an international society founded with the agreement of Coward 's literary agent and Estate to celebrate the life and work of Sir Noël Coward . The Noël Coward Society was founded in 1999 to study and promote and enjoy the many aspects of Cowards achievements . It owns an extensive archive of recordings and written works and is attempting to become the official on-line archive of all things `` Coward '' . The Noël Coward Society is managed by Noël Coward Ltd. , a charitable company . It is currently administered from Norwich , Norfolk , UK , and has a membership of just over 700 people worldwide . The day-to-day running of the Society is managed by an organising committee . The Society has representatives in France , Australia and the USA . Each year it celebrates the birth of Noël Coward at the Noël Coward Theatre and the Theatre Royal , Drury Lane on the nearest Friday to his birthdate . The celebration consists of the AGM of the Society at the Noël Coward Theatre followed by a celebrity from the theatre world laying flowers on the statue of Sir Noël Coward in the foyer of the Theatre Royal . The Annual Lunch follows in the Grand Saloon at the theatre , followed by a cabaret . In 2002 , Ken Starrett was appointed the North American Director of The Noel Coward Society and in 2003 , Starrett organized an annual birthday celebration which took place in December in the USA . The event included the flower laying ceremony at The Gershwin Theatre in Manhattan and a special lunch . Among the celebrities who have placed flowers in front of Coward 's statue are Tammy Grimes , Keir Dullea , Tony Walton , Kitty Carlisle Hart , Hayley Mills , Marian Seldes , Jim Dale , Victor Garber , Christine Ebersole , Dick Cavett . Stephen Fry , Joan Copeland , Jamie Ross , Penny Fuller , and Dana Ivey . There is also a similar ceremony at Firefly Estate ( Coward 's home ) in Jamaica . On December 31 , 2016 , Ken Starrett officially stepped down after serving as North American Director of The Noel Coward Society for fourteen years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a913a508bcb016d99cd6c7e4975a6a1", "text": "Major film studio A major film studio is a production and film distributor that releases a substantial number of films annually and consistently commands a significant share of box office revenue in a given market . In the North American , Western , and global markets , the major film studios , often simply known as the majors , are commonly regarded as the six diversified media conglomerates whose various film production and distribution subsidiaries collectively command approximately 80 to 85 percent of U.S. and Canadian box office revenue . The term may also be applied more specifically to the primary motion picture business subsidiary of each respective conglomerate . The `` Big Six '' majors , whose operations are based in or around the Los Angeles neighborhood of Hollywood , are all centered in film studios active during Hollywood 's Golden Age of the 1930s and 1940s . In three cases -- 20th Century Fox , Warner Bros. , and Paramount -- the studios were one of the `` Big Five '' majors during that era as well . In two cases -- Columbia and Universal -- the studios were also considered majors , but in the next tier down , part of the `` Little Three '' . In the sixth case , Walt Disney Studios was an independent production company during the Golden Age ; it was an important Hollywood entity , but not a major . Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , United Artists , and RKO were majors . Today , Disney is the only member of the Big Six whose parent entity is still located near Los Angeles ( actually , on Disney 's studio lot and in the same building ) . The five others report to conglomerates headquartered in New York City , Philadelphia , and Tokyo . Of the Big Six , Paramount is the only one still based in Hollywood , and Paramount and Fox are the only ones still located within the Los Angeles city limits , while Disney and Warner Bros. are located in Burbank , Columbia in Culver City , and Universal in the unincorporated area of Universal City . Most of today 's Big Six control subsidiaries with their own distribution networks that concentrate on arthouse pictures ( e.g. Fox Searchlight Pictures ) or genre films ( e.g. Sony 's Screen Gems ) ; several of these specialty units were shut down or sold off between 2008 and 2010 . The six major studios are contrasted with smaller production and/or distribution companies , which are known as independents or `` indies '' . The leading independent producer/distributors -- Lionsgate Films , The Weinstein Company , and former major studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer -- are sometimes referred to as `` mini-majors '' . From 1998 through 2005 , DreamWorks SKG commanded a large enough market share to arguably qualify it as a seventh major , despite its relatively small output . In 2006 , DreamWorks was acquired by Viacom , Paramount 's corporate parent . In late 2008 , DreamWorks once again became an independent production company ; its films were distributed by Disney 's Touchstone Pictures until 2016 , at which point distribution switched to Universal . The Big Six major studios are today primarily backers and distributors of films whose actual production is largely handled by independent companies -- either long-running entities or ones created for and dedicated to the making of a specific film . The specialty divisions often simply acquire distribution rights to pictures in which the studio has had no prior involvement . While the majors still do a modicum of true production , their activities are focused more in the areas of development , financing , marketing , and merchandising . Those business functions are still usually performed in or near Los Angeles , even though the runaway production phenomenon means that most films are now mostly or completely shot on location at places outside Los Angeles . Since the dawn of filmmaking , the U.S. major film studios have dominated both American cinema and the global film industry . U.S. studios have benefited from a strong first-mover advantage in that they were the first to industrialize filmmaking and master the art of mass-producing and distributing high-quality films with broad cross-cultural appeal . Today , the Big Six majors routinely distribute hundreds of films every year into all significant international markets ( that is , where discretionary income is high enough for consumers to afford to watch films ) . It is very rare , if not impossible , for a film to reach a broad international audience on multiple continents and in multiple languages without first being picked up by one of the majors for distribution .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4560eb3bc497b271b96273053107e0c", "text": "Norman Lear Center The Norman Lear Center is a multi-disciplinary research and public policy center exploring implications of the convergence of entertainment , commerce , and society . It is based at the USC Annenberg School for Communication . Through scholarship and research , and its programs of visiting fellows , conferences , public events and publications , the Lear Center works to be at the forefront of discussion and practice in the field . The Center is named for benefactor Norman Lear , the social activist and philanthropist , and television producer , and was founded and is directed by Marty Kaplan , associate dean of the USC Annenberg School , who has been a political speechwriter , Hollywood studio executive , and screenwriter-producer . The Lear Center officially launched on January 24 , 2000 . Some of the programs it houses include Entertainment Goes Global , which explores the political , cultural , economic and technological implications of the globalization of entertainment ; Celebrity , Politics & Public Life , wherein faculty and deans from over 20 USC departments convene to develop an inter-disciplinary analysis of American political life , as it is shaped by popular culture ; and Hollywood , Health & Society , which provides entertainment industry professionals with accurate and timely information for health storylines . Hollywood , Health & Society is funded by , and works closely with such governmental agencies as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , the National Institutes of Health , and the National Cancer Institute . That program hosts its annual Sentinel for Health Awards to recognize exemplary television storylines that best inform , educate and motivate viewers to make choices for healthier and safer lives . Since 2005 , the Lear Center 's Grand Avenue Intervention Project has been a driving force behind the civic outreach for the planning of a new 16 acre park in the heart of downtown Los Angeles . In partnership with the Los Angeles Times , the Lear Center solicited design proposals from the public and published a selection of them in a special section of the Times . The Lear Center 's publishing imprint has published several works of scholarship such as Artists , Technology & The Ownership of Creative Content , Warners ' War : Politics , Pop Culture & Propaganda in Wartime Hollywood , Frank Capra and the Image of the Journalist in American Film , and Ready to Share : Creativity & Fashion in Digital Culture .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e700a9680540bc1e0014e24e0e0d274", "text": "Hollywood blacklist The Hollywood blacklist -- as the broader entertainment industry blacklist is generally known -- was the practice of denying employment to screenwriters , actors , directors , musicians , and other American entertainment professionals during the mid-20th century because they were accused of having Communist ties or sympathies . Artists were barred from work on the basis of their alleged membership in or sympathy with the Communist Party USA or refusal to assist investigations into the party 's activities . Even during the period of its strictest enforcement , the late 1940s through the late 1950s , the blacklist was rarely made explicit or verifiable , but it directly damaged the careers of scores of individuals working in the film industry . The first systematic Hollywood blacklist was instituted on November 25 , 1947 , the day after ten writers and directors were cited for contempt of Congress for refusing to testify to the House Un-American Activities Committee . A group of studio executives , acting under the aegis of the Association of Motion Picture Producers , fired the artists -- the so-called Hollywood Ten -- and made what has become known as the Waldorf Statement . On June 22 , 1950 , a pamphlet entitled Red Channels was published . Focused on the field of broadcasting , it identified 151 entertainment industry professionals in the context of `` Red Fascists and their sympathizers . '' Soon , most of those named , along with a host of other artists , were barred from employment in most of the entertainment field . The blacklist lasted until 1960 , when Dalton Trumbo , a Communist Party member from 1943 to 1948 and member of the Hollywood Ten , was credited as the screenwriter of the highly successful film Exodus , and later publicly acknowledged by actor Kirk Douglas for writing the screenplay for the movie Spartacus . A number of those blacklisted , however , were still barred from work in their professions for years afterward .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7c1628d7eff5e73e2ac8dbf23630cbcd", "text": "Katharine Anthony Katharine Susan Anthony , sometimes also spelled Katherine ( November 27 , 1877 -- November 20 , 1965 ) , was a US biographer best known for The Lambs ( 1945 ) , a controversial study of the British writers Charles and Mary Lamb .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18a75c5ad0c17a861ba966e0fbe71d59", "text": "BAFTA Award for Best Film The BAFTA Award for Best Film is given annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts and presented at the British Academy Film Awards . It has been given since the 1st BAFTA Awards , representing the best films of 1947 , but until 1969 it was called the BAFTA Award for Best Film From Any Source . It is possible for films from any country to be nominated , although British films are also recognised in the category BAFTA Award for Best British Film and ( since 1983 ) foreign-language films in BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language . As such , there have been multiple occasions of a film being nominated in two of these categories . There has been one tie for the Best Film award when , in 1962 , Ballad of a Soldier tied with The Hustler for Best Film from any Source . Until 1981 , the award was given to the director , except in 1976 and 1977 , when it was given to the producers . From 1981 to 1985 , it was given solely to the producers , and then in 1986 , it was shared between the Director and Producer . In 1998 , it was once again given to only the producers . In the following lists , the titles and names in bold with a dark grey background are the winners and recipients respectively ; those not in bold are the nominees . The years given are those in which the films under consideration were released , not the year of the ceremony , which always takes place the following year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "22f8400cf2b61c84e1eff0e8dad9e195", "text": "Redemptive Film Festival Redemptive Film Festival is a film festival located in Virginia Beach , Virginia . Founded in 2006 , it has been an annual event in November . It showcases films , both shorts and of feature-length , professional and students filmmakers . Entries are judged by a panel of film and television professionals . The festival awards the Redemptive Storyteller Award to all films that meet its standard of excellence . The festival aims at providing a forum for filmmakers ( professionals or students ) , to showcase and be rewarded for their work on themes that depict the redemptive purposes of God , either through human beings or supernatural occurrences ; and to participate in the process of redeeming and empowering victims of modern-day slavery . For the purposes of this competition , a redemptive film is any film whose main purpose is to depict the act of redeeming , rescuing , or delivering any person from a state of crisis or helplessness . The festival believes that most often , God uses humans to redeem other humans , though sometimes He intervenes through other methods , and therefore they look for films that portray this . Films which demean religion , include gratuitous violence , nudity or profanity are not suited for this competition . Films do not need to reflect Christian teachings but must adhere to basic Judeo-Christian Values , such as the respect for life , justice and morality . The Redemptive Film Festival is not just interested in promoting redemptive films , but they are also actively involved in the process of redemption . Proceeds from the festival are donated to helping to rescue and empower the victims of modern-day slavery . Today there are more than 27 million slaves in the world , more than the number of people extracted from Africa throughout the 400 years of the slave trade . Towards this end , the Redemptive Film Festival partners with the International Justice Mission , a human rights agency that secures justice for victims of slavery , sexual exploitation and other forms of violent oppression . IJM lawyers , investigators and aftercare professionals work with local officials to ensure immediate victim rescue and aftercare , to prosecute perpetrators and to promote functioning public justice systems .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bc984270ed0956f13831c40751201dd7", "text": "America America America America ( British title The Anatolian Smile -- a reference to an ongoing acknowledgment of the character Stavros ' captivating smile ) is a 1963 American dramatic film directed , produced and written by Elia Kazan , adapted from his own book , published in 1962 . The dust jacket of the novel has no comma in the title , nor does the title in the film itself . Many listings of the film include a comma . Inspired by the life of Kazan 's uncle , Avraam Elia Kazantzoglou , the director uses little-known cast members , with the entire storyline revolving around the central performance of Greek actor Stathis Giallelis ( born 1941 ) , twenty-two years old at the time of production , who is in virtually every scene of the nearly three-hour movie .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "01e0c5bf1dd90c6ba3c9ed54e44fd36e", "text": "Pegarty Long Pegarty Long ( born August 17 , 1940 in New York City , New York ) is a film producer and director , best known for the campy horror movie An Irish Vampire in Hollywood ( 2007 ) and the experimental film Incision ( 1999 ) . She runs Raven Productions ( in Venice , CA ) , a production company for film and literature , whose catalogue includes these poetry books : `` The Prose and Poetry of John Thomas , `` The Collected Poems of Philomene Long , '' `` Memoirs of a Nun on Fire , '' and `` Bukowski in the Bathtub , '' about Charles Bukowski Pegarty lives in Venice , California . She is the twin sister of the poet Philomene Long . Reviews of An Irish Vampire in Hollywood Winner Best Film Score The International Moondance Film Festival . `` Utterly fantastic ! Most cinema is boring . This film is different , creative and artistic . Better than Batman ! '' - Peter McCarthy , Producer-Director `` Repo Man '' , `` Sid & Nancy '' , `` Floundering '' `` Death and Taxes '' . `` I was very taken with the film , by its poetic sensibility and often arresting images and by the narrative permutations you brought to the vampire genre . Conjuring up a vivid and indelible world , you present an Ireland admittedly a `` tad '' darker than say John Ford in The Quiet Man but no less evocative . '' - Robert Dawson , Award-Winning Movie Titleler ` The Doors '' , `` Point Break '' , `` Gladiator '' , `` X Men '' . `` The Irish Vampire Goes West '' , is the first Irish vampire film . '' - Kim Newman The Irish Journal of Gothic and Horror Studies `` Art / vampire . Pegarty Long has discovered a new genre . Reminds one a bit , stylistically , of the German expressionists , especially NOSEFERATU . '' - Peter Belsito , Founder Filmfinders , Producer `` Tarkowsky : Time Within Time '' . `` A beautifully shot film . `` Irish Vampire '' brought back my evenings in the underground cinema of the 60s . Too bad it 's not still with us , because then you have a camp cult classic on your hands . - Wanda Coleman , Award-Winning Poet , Writer `` Mad Dog Black Lady , `` A War of Eyes and Other Stories '' . `` Timelessly classical . '' - Jeanne Collachia , Director , Editor , Producer `` Bread and Salt '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "764507217f4ce88ea10d490a41a6964d", "text": "The Silence (2010 film) The Silence ( Das letzte Schweigen ) is a 2010 German thriller film directed by Baran bo Odar , after the German crime fiction novel The Silence ( Das Schweigen ) by Jan Costin Wagner .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d5d33db3c8be1f71c2573739ade10484", "text": "Hear the Silence Hear the Silence is a 2003 semi-fictional TV drama based on the MMR vaccine controversy , which started when Andrew Wakefield published a paper claiming a possible link between the MMR vaccine and autism . It debuted on December 15 , 2003 at 9 PM on the British network Five . The film , produced at a cost of about 1 million pounds , stars Hugh Bonneville as Wakefield and Juliet Stevenson as Christine Shields , a fictional mother who discovers the possible MMR-autism link when her son is diagnosed as autistic . Stevenson 's character begins telling doctor after doctor that her son seemed to develop autism soon after he received the MMR vaccine , but she does not receive any sympathy from them , nor does she receive any from her boss , or even her husband . However , this all changes when she meets Dr. Wakefield , who believes her statements about the MMR vaccine causing her son 's autism . The film then shows fictional government officials `` plotting '' Wakefield 's `` demise '' , which they intend to bring about by portraying his research as flawed . Although never documented in reality , the film depicts Wakefield being targeted by the government : his phone is tapped and his files are stolen . The film attracted 1.2 million viewers on the first night it screened , considerably fewer than usual for Channel Five 's films that debut at 9 PM , which often get more than 2 million viewers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fadf8ad5e972d57cf69d732f885c6669", "text": "The Quiet One (film) The Quiet One is a 1948 American documentary film directed by Sidney Meyers . The documentary chronicles the rehabilitation of a young , emotionally disturbed African-American boy ; it contains a commentary written by James Agee , and narrated by Gary Merrill . In his 1949 review , Bosley Crowther characterized the film succinctly : The still photographer Helen Levitt was one of the film 's cinematographers and writers , along with the painter Janice Loeb . The neoclassical composer Ulysses Kay wrote the score for the film . The film 's principle cinematographer , Richard Bagley , also photographed the critically acclaimed New York semidocumentary feature On the Bowery . The film 's three writers - Meyers , Loeb , and Levitt - were nominated for the Best Writing , Story and Screenplay Academy Award ; the film itself was also nominated for the Best Documentary Feature Academy Award . The National Board of Review named The Quiet One the second best film of 1949 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "535661c5dd0a39867bcef311cb225534", "text": "Did You Hear About the Morgans? Did You Hear About the Morgans ? is a 2009 American romantic comedy film directed and written by Marc Lawrence . Golden Globe winners Hugh Grant and Sarah Jessica Parker portray the film 's protagonists , Paul and Meryl Morgan , a recently separated New York power couple on the verge of divorce until they witness the murder of Meryl 's client . They are forced to enter into temporary witness protection , given new identities , and relocated to a small Wyoming town ( the fictional Ray , Wyoming , 45 minutes out of Cody ) . Supporting roles are played by Sam Elliott , Academy Award winner Mary Steenburgen , Elisabeth Moss , and Wilford Brimley . It is the second collaboration of Grant and Parker , following the 1996 film Extreme Measures . The film premiered in New York on December 14 , 2009 and in London the following day . It was released to the United States on December 18 and to most of Europe in January 2010 . It received mostly negative reviews from critics . Compiled ratings from the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes gave the film an average rating of 3.5 out of 10 . The film grossed $ 6,616,571 in its opening weekend and earned $ 85 million worldwide . Did You Hear About the Morgans ? was the 70th most successful film worldwide for 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a9580ff7633523a1468366aa1e0204a", "text": "Kill Your Darlings (2013 film) Kill Your Darlings is a 2013 American biographical drama film written by Austin Bunn and directed by John Krokidas in his feature film directorial debut . The film had its world premiere at the 2013 Sundance Film Festival , garnering positive first reactions . It was shown at the 2013 Toronto International Film Festival , and it had a limited theatrical North American release from October 16 , 2013 . Kill Your Darlings also became available on Blu-ray and DVD , March 18 , 2014 in the US , followed by its UK release on April 21 , 2014 . The story is about the college days of some of the earliest members of the Beat Generation ( Lucien Carr , Allen Ginsberg , William S. Burroughs , and Jack Kerouac ) , their interactions , and the killing in Riverside Park in Manhattan , New York City .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2695cd5801c6b79cc9b1bfd707a6d028", "text": "American Empire (film) American Empire is a 1942 American film directed by William C. McGann . The film was released in the United Kingdom as My Son Alone .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca22ac7cb718acabc226442ba432625f", "text": "Land of the Blind Land of the Blind is a 2006 British-American black comedy drama film starring Ralph Fiennes , Donald Sutherland , Tom Hollander and Lara Flynn Boyle . Land of the Blind is a dark political satire , based on several incidents throughout history in which tyrannical rulers were overthrown by new leaders who proved to be just as bad , if not worse , and subtle references are made to several such cases . The title is taken from the saying , `` In the land of the blind , the one-eyed man is king . '' Land of the Blind had its world premiere in competition at the International Film Festival Rotterdam , and was the Opening Night Gala film at the 2006 Human Rights Watch Film Festival in London . Its U.S. premiere was in competition at the 2006 Tribeca Film Festival . The film sparked intense reaction during its festival run , attacked by both left and right , each of which saw the film as a critique of its position . Historical references in the film include Jean-Paul Marat ( from the French Revolution ) , Kim Jong-Il , Joseph Stalin , Benito Mussolini , Augusto Pinochet , Anastasio Somoza Debayle , François Duvalier , Rudolph Hess , Jean-Claude Duvalier , Lyndon B. Johnson , Julius Caesar ( from William Shakespeare 's play ) , Robert Mugabe , Ngo Dinh Diem , Idi Amin , the PIRA Maze prison protests , U.S. POWs in Vietnam , the Weathermen terrorist group , the Khmer Rouge , the 1979 Revolution in Iran , and the subsequent Cultural Revolution in that country .", "title": "" } ]	fever
dd0a28a7a76b18b90f753e12d925c5c0	Lisa Bonet is from a major country south of Canada.	[ { "docid": "847dcc8dd775bc98acd005195d72cee3", "text": "Lisa Bonet Lisa Michelle Bonet ( born November 16 , 1967 ) is an American actress . She is best known for her role as Denise Huxtable -- Kendall on the NBC sitcom , The Cosby Show ( 1984 -- 92 ) and originally starring in its spinoff comedy , A Different World for its first season ( 1987 -- 88 ) .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "ec934f6292c316a2b3d3f647be2e778d", "text": "Longview, Alberta Longview is a village in southern Alberta , Canada . It is located in the Canadian Rockies foothills , on Cowboy Trail , 32 km west of High River and 64 km south of Calgary . Highwood River flows west of the village . Longview is known for its view west toward the first range of the Rocky Mountains , its cattle ranching heritage and its natural resources ( principally oil ) , but more importantly the open spaces , rivers ( the Highwood ) and some of the finest beef by most standards . Longview is also known as the home of Canadian Country Music star Ian Tyson .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c834d6a0cd3d792f9136ac727ead41a", "text": "Canadian studies Canadian studies is a college-level study of Canadian culture , the spoken languages of Canada , Canadian literature , Quebec , agriculture in Canada , the history of Canada , and Canadian government and politics . Most universities that offer the discipline recommend that students take a double major ( e.g. Political Science , International Relations ) or French , if not included in the course . Some careers for students who take Canadian studies include the foreign service and working at Canadian embassies or the foreign embassies in Canada . Scholars known for their work in Canadian studies include Fernand Ouellet , Linda Hutcheon , George Ramsay Cook , William T. R. Fox , Annette Baker Fox , Susan Swan , Christl Verduyn , Sergey Rogov , and George Melnyk . The Governor General 's International Award for Canadian Studies is an award for excellence in the field and was established in 1995 by the International Council for Canadian Studies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7a7e656f6c556da10539f10fcd0d8279", "text": "Judy Bradley Judy Llewellyn Bradley , née Bratt ( born October 18 , 1952 in Regina , Saskatchewan ) is a former Canadian provincial politician . She was the Saskatchewan New Democratic Party member of the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan for the constituencies of Bengough-Milestone from 1991 to 1995 , and Weyburn-Big Muddy from 1995 to 1999 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3583bfc33933b0532a9448921c5cc29b", "text": "Demographics of Ontario Ontario , one of the 13 provinces and territories of Canada , is located in east-central Canada . It is Canada 's most populous province by a large margin , accounting for nearly 40 percent of all Canadians , and is the second-largest province in total area . Ontario is fourth-largest in total area when the territories of the Northwest Territories and Nunavut are included . It is home to the nation 's capital city , Ottawa , and the nation 's most populous city , Toronto .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0cb1b42e0a949eaf2cee3dadcf286880", "text": "Southern Ontario Gothic Southern Ontario Gothic is a subgenre of the Gothic novel genre and a feature of Canadian literature that comes from Southern Ontario . This region includes Toronto , Southern Ontario 's major industrial cities ( Windsor , London , Hamilton , St. Thomas , Oshawa , St. Catharines ) , and the surrounding countryside . While the genre may also feature other areas of Ontario , Canada , and the world as narrative locales , this region provides the core settings . The term was first used in Graeme Gibson 's Eleven Canadian Novelists ( 1972 ) to recognize an existing tendency to apply aspects of the Gothic novel to writing based in and around Southern Ontario . In an interview with Timothy Findley , Gibson commented that Findley 's novel The Last of the Crazy People shared similarities with the American Southern Gothic genre , to which Findley replied , '' ... sure , it 's Southern Gothic : Southern Ontario Gothic . '' Notable writers of this subgenre include Alice Munro , Margaret Atwood , Robertson Davies , Jane Urquhart , Marian Engel , James Reaney and Barbara Gowdy . Like the Southern Gothic of American writers such as William Faulkner , Flannery O'Connor and Eudora Welty , Southern Ontario Gothic analyzes and critiques social conditions such as race , gender , religion and politics , but in a Southern Ontario context . Southern Ontario Gothic is generally characterized by a stern realism set against the dour small-town Protestant morality stereotypical of the region , and often has underlying themes of moral hypocrisy . Actions and people that act against humanity , logic , and morality all are portrayed unfavourably , and one or more characters may be suffering from some form of mental illness . In a review of Alice Munro 's Dear Life for Quill & Quire , literary critic James Grainger writes that `` Violence , illness , and reputations ruined by a single indiscretion are accepted in Munro 's secretive , repressed communities as a kind of levelling mechanism , rough justice for those who dare to strive for something finer . '' The Gothic novel has traditionally examined the role of evil in the human soul , and has incorporated dark or horrific imagery to create the desired setting . Some ( but not all ) writers of Southern Ontario Gothic use supernatural or magic realist elements ; a few deviate from realism entirely , in the manner of the fantastical gothic novel . Virtually all dwell to a certain extent upon the grotesque . Notable works of the genre include Davies ' Deptford Trilogy , Findley 's Headhunter , Atwood 's Alias Grace and The Blind Assassin , and Munro 's Selected Stories . The genre has been criticised as having `` little or nothing to distinguish it from everyday , garden-variety type realism . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b1bee8332ea15f7e755104f7b19d12a4", "text": "File sharing in Canada File sharing in Canada relates to the distribution of digital media in that country . Canada had the greatest number of file sharers by percentage of population in the world according to a 2004 report by the OECD . In 2009 however it was found that Canada had only the tenth greatest number of copyright infringements in the world according to a report by BayTSP , a U.S. anti-piracy company .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a139b91f5a0c0ef5ee95ea4cee9509e", "text": "Culture of Manitoba Manitoban culture is a term that encompasses the artistic elements that are representative of Manitoba . Manitoba 's culture has been influenced by both traditional ( Aboriginal and Métis ) and modern Canadian artistic values , as well as some aspects of the cultures of immigrant populations and its American neighbours . In Manitoba , the Minister of Culture , Heritage , Tourism and Sport is the cabinet minister responsible for promoting and , to some extent , financing Manitoba culture . The Manitoba Arts Council is the agency that has been established to provide the processes for arts funding . The Canadian federal government also plays a role by instituting programs and laws regarding culture nationwide . Most of Manitoba 's cultural activities take place in its capital and largest city , Winnipeg .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ca4a230e4cb1e84cf7c7eb24f8761ca", "text": "Louise Simard (politician) Rose Marie Louise Simard , QC ( born April 17 , 1947 ) is a lawyer and former politician in Saskatchewan , Canada . She represented Regina Lakeview from 1986 to 1996 in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan as a New Democratic Party ( NDP ) member . She was born in Val-d'Or , Quebec and grew up in Meadow Lake , Saskatchewan . She received a BA and LLB degree from the University of Saskatchewan . Simard articled in Regina and was called to the Saskatchewan bar in 1971 . In 1974 , she became the first female Legislative Council and Law Clerk for the province of Saskatchewan . In 1978 , she set up her own law firm . In 1979 , Simard was named to the Attorney General 's committee on the Consolidation of the Queen 's Bench and District Courts . From 1982 to 1985 , she was consumer representative on the council of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Saskatchewan . Simard served in the provincial cabinet as Minister of Health and Minister Responsible for the Status of Women . As Minister of Health , she introduced the `` wellness '' model of health care , which incorporated extensive reforms to the health care system , including hospital closures in rural Saskatchewan and the establishment of health districts and boards . She resigned from cabinet in February 1995 and did not run for reelection in 1995 , returning to the practice of law . In 1995 , Simard was named Queen 's Counsel . From 2000 to 2003 , she was president and Chief Executive Officer of the Saskatchewan Association of Health Organizations . Simard then served as president and Chief Executive Officer of the Health Employers Association of British Columbia . Simard was first married to Linton Smith , a Judge . The couple had two children but later divorced . In 1994 , she married Dwain Lingenfelter . She later separated from Lingenfelter and , in 2009 , supported Deb Higgins in the NDP leadership race . As of 2007 , she was living in Vancouver , British Columbia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6a7c72dce52818d04ea569653c4ecb4d", "text": "Lisa Haley Lisa Haley ( born Lisa Jordan ) is a women 's ice hockey coach from Westville , Nova Scotia in Pictou County Among her achievements as a coach , she was part of the coaching staff for the Canadian national women 's team that won the gold medal at the 2014 Sochi Winter Games . During the 2015-16 season , she served as the head coach for the Canada women 's national under-18 ice hockey team. , capturing a silver medal at the 2016 IIHF U18 Women 's Worlds . Prior to the appointment , she captured gold as an assistant coach with Canada 's National Women 's Development Team at the 2015 Nations Cup .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e9e97ecf5aa216943f4d6b1bc6943c15", "text": "Leduc, Alberta Leduc -LSB- ləˈduːk -RSB- is a city in the province of Alberta , Canada . It is located 33 km south of the provincial capital of Edmonton and is part of the Edmonton Capital Region metropolitan area .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "28445d0b7a18010e7c1d05d4d6c20d3a", "text": "Provinces and territories of Canada Canada 's geography is divided into administrative divisions known as provinces and territories that are responsible for delivery of sub-national governance . When Canada was formed in 1867 , three provinces of British North America -- New Brunswick , Nova Scotia and the Province of Canada ( which , on the formation of Canada , was divided into Ontario and Quebec ) -- were united to form a federated colony , which eventually became a sovereign nation in the next century . Over its history , Canada 's international borders have changed several times , and the country has grown from the original four provinces to the current ten provinces and three territories . The ten provinces are Alberta , British Columbia , Manitoba , New Brunswick , Newfoundland and Labrador , Nova Scotia , Ontario , Prince Edward Island , Quebec , and Saskatchewan . Several of the provinces were former British colonies , and Quebec was originally a French colony , while others were added as Canada grew . The three territories are Northwest Territories , Nunavut , and Yukon , which govern the rest of the area of the former British North America . Together , the provinces and territories make up the world 's second-largest country by area . The major difference between a Canadian province and a territory is that provinces receive their power and authority from the Constitution Act , 1867 ( formerly called the British North America Act , 1867 ) , whereas territorial governments have powers delegated to them by the Parliament of Canada . The powers flowing from the Constitution Act are divided between the federal government and the provincial governments to exercise exclusively . A change to the division of powers between the federal government and the provinces requires a constitutional amendment , whereas a similar change affecting the territories can be performed unilaterally by the Parliament of Canada or government . In modern Canadian constitutional theory , the provinces are considered to be co-sovereign divisions and each province has its own `` Crown '' represented by the lieutenant governor . The territories are not sovereign , but simply part of the federal realm , and have a commissioner who represents the federal government . __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2d701e0a183ec17a10cdaf77dfd0ea9d", "text": "Monarto South, South Australia Monarto South is a locality in South Australia 16 km west of the Murray River . It is north of the South Eastern Freeway between the Callington and Murray Bridge exits , 65 km south east by road from Adelaide . In the late 1970s Monarto Junction ( or `` New Murray Town '' ) was proposed to be the site of a new satellite city of Adelaide . By the turn of the century the proposal had been completely abandoned . Monarto South took its name from the cadastral Hundred of Monarto ( established 1847 ) centred on the original township of Monarto to the north . The name of the hundred was after `` Queen Monarto '' , an aboriginal woman ( spouse of a tribal leader ) who lived in the area at the time of its proclamation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b9da6f635323e469b4766ce6d2b49ac5", "text": "Region 4, Northwest Territories Region 4 is the name of a Statistics Canada census division , one of six in the Northwest Territories , Canada . It was introduced in the 2011 census , along with Regions 1 , 2 , 3 , 5 , and 6 , resulting in the abolition of the former census divisions of Fort Smith Region and Inuvik Region ( the latter not to be confused with the modern-day administrative region of the same name ) . Its territory coincides roughly with the Dehcho Region and the extreme western part of South Slave Region that is centered on Fort Providence , west of Great Slave Lake . The 2011 census reported a population of 3,246 and a land area of 194494.08 km2 . Main languages in the Region include English ( 62.8 % ) , Slavey ( 33.6 % ) and Dene ( 1.7 % ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3d54585dcf60ddbae11fb08acd66e1cd", "text": "List of Canadian provinces and territories by population Canada is divided into ten provinces and three territories . The majority of Canada 's population is concentrated in the areas close to the Canada -- US border . Its four largest provinces by area ( Quebec , Ontario , British Columbia and Alberta ) are also ( with Quebec and Ontario switched in order ) its most populous ; together they account for 86 % of the country 's population . The territories ( the Northwest Territories , Nunavut and Yukon ) account for over a third of Canada 's area but are home to only 0.3 % of its population , which skews the national population density value . Canada 's population grew by 5.0 % between the 2006 and 2011 censuses . Except for New Brunswick , all territories and provinces increased in population from 2011 to 2016 . In terms of percent change , the fastest-growing province or territory was Nunavut with an increase of 12.7 % between 2011 and 2016 , followed by Alberta with 11.6 % growth . New Brunswick 's population decreased by 0.5 % between 2011 and 2016 . Canada 's population has increased every year since Confederation in 1867 : see List of population of Canada by years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ae58a34dbc00a5da5a6325b93da75c46", "text": "Crowfoot (electoral district) Crowfoot was a federal electoral district in Alberta , Canada , that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1968 to 2015 . It was located in the central part of the province , and is named in honour of Chief Crowfoot , leader of the Blackfoot First Nations in the 19th century . Even by the standards of rural Alberta , Crowfoot was a strongly conservative riding . The major right-wing party of the day -- Progressive Conservative ( 1968-1993 ) , Reform ( 1993-2000 ) , Canadian Alliance ( 2000-2003 ) and Conservative ( after 2003 ) -- won every election in this riding , usually by astronomical margins . As a measure of how conservative this riding is , Jack Horner , the riding 's original member , crossed the floor to the Liberals in 1977 , only to tumble to only 18 percent of the vote in 1979 . This electoral district was also home to the largest margin of victory in any federal riding in the 2004 and 2006 federal elections . Conservative candidate Kevin Sorenson won 37,649 votes , or 80.2 % of the riding 's total in 2004 . This represented a difference of 34,034 votes , or 72.5 % , from the candidate with the riding 's second most votes , Liberal Adam Campbell who only received 3,615 votes , or 7.7 % of the riding 's votes . It was the riding with the highest Conservative vote in the 2004 and 2006 elections . In 2006 , Sorenson increased his vote even further , to 43,009 votes , 82.5 % of the total .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f80e8cbba4ba3d579a2a57c317ec13f1", "text": "Lisa's Song Lisa 's Song + 6 Songs is the debut recording from Canadian singer-songwriter Allison Crowe . Its tracks were recorded live-off-the-floor in two separate sessions . The first tracks were captured July 2001 , on an afternoon when Crowe was travelling to Seattle , Washington , to perform concerts for fans of Pearl Jam at the Worldwide Jammer Convergence . The final session , in April 2003 , was to add the title song for Lisa Marie Young , Crowe 's high-school friend who disappeared one night and is still missing from her hometown . This recording has been released in three different EP versions titled Six Songs , Six Songs + and Lisa 's Song + 6 Songs . Following the independent model of musicians Loreena McKennitt and Ani DiFranco , Allison Crowe launched her own record label , Rubenesque Records Ltd. , with the release of `` Lisa 's Song '' in its various forms .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "351b50fab3db049b590c6593497ac988", "text": "Australian Canadians Australian Canadians are Canadian citizens of Australian descent or Australian-born people who reside in Canada . According to the 2011 Census there were 36,350 Canadians who claimed full or partial Australian ancestry . Both are among the most developed countries and share historical connections , language , similar customs and among others , they also have Elizabeth II as their Head of State as both are also Commonwealth realms .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "28973cf02c0673e97719b76352442c75", "text": "Le Granit Regional County Municipality Le Granit ( Granite ) is a regional county municipality in the Estrie region of eastern Quebec , Canada . Located directly south of Quebec City , it borders the region of Chaudière-Appalaches , as well as the US states of New Hampshire and Maine . It is named for its abundance of granite . Created in 1982 , Le Granit 's seat is Lac-Mégantic .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "397dc62069ae6d1237d5fba757ef41c2", "text": "Brocket 99: Rockin' the Country Brocket 99 : Rockin ' the Country is a Canadian documentary film directed by Nilesh Patel , which examined the ongoing popularity of Brocket 99 , a controversial radio comedy tape based on stereotypes of Canadian First Nations people . CBC Radio 's Sounds Like Canada described Brocket 99 as : `` It started as a fake radio show on a cassette . Then it developed a cult following . Brocket 99 is something of a cultural phenomenon in western Canada . It purports to be a radio program on an Indian reserve . Some people find it hilarious and racey . Others say it 's outright racist . '' In 2006 , the film won the Séquences Magazine Prize in the documentary category at the Montreal First Peoples ' Festival and the Special Recognition Award at the Anchorage International Film Festival . The film was also featured at the 2006 Calgary and Edmonton International Film Festivals and the Vancouver Asian Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fccad5e6473f200a9c2e729b70f0cc62", "text": "Palliser Region The Palliser Region is an area in the southeast corner of the province of Alberta , Canada that has been delineated and is serviced by the Palliser Economic Partnership . It borders the Canadian province of Saskatchewan to the east , and the US state of Montana to the south . It covers an area of 43,504 km2 The total population of the area stood at 112,314 in 2009 . The city of Medicine Hat , with a population of 61,097 , is the area 's largest urban centre . The Palliser Region is the traditional territory of the Blackfoot Confederacy , who hunted bison throughout the area . From 1857 to 1860 , the area was explored as part of the Palliser Expedition , led by John Palliser . He described the area of southeast Alberta and southwest Saskatchewan -- now known as the Palliser Triangle -- as semi-arid , and warned that it was unsuitable for agricultural development . European settlement began with the arrival of the North-West Mounted Police in the mid 19th century . Fort Walsh was established by Police Inspector James Morrow Walsh , who became a good friend of Sitting Bull when he led the Sioux to the area after the Battle of Little Big Horn . Despite the area 's semi-arid climate , the British government encouraged farmers to settle in the region . They struggled with drought up until the end of the 1930s , and many settlers abandoned their farms due to crop failure , but dryland farming techniques introduced by the Prairie Farm Rehabilitation Administration eventually transformed the region into a successful agricultural centre . The region 's geography is characterized by grasslands -- including the Cypress Hills -- and classic badlands country . The region receives more than 2,512 hours of sunshine per year on average , making it the sunniest area in Canada . The Palliser Region is intersected by two major highways , # 1 and # 3 on the east -- west axis , connecting it to the rest of Canada , and two secondary highways , # 36 and # 41 , on the north -- south axis , which connect it to the US border . It is served by the Canadian Pacific Railway , which connects it to the rest of North America via connections with its affiliates . This transportation infrastructure is key to the region 's economy , which is based on agriculture , oil and gas , manufacturing , defence and aerospace , and tourism . The three fastest growing economic sectors in the Palliser Region are Mining and Oil and Gas Extraction , Professional , Scientific and Technical Services , and Finance , Insurance , Real Estate and Leasing . Employment in the region is currently increasing at more than double the Canadian average .", "title": "" } ]	fever
a662936d0587d043c9e101034113532f	All the Pretty Horses has the producer Billy Bob Thornton.	[ { "docid": "7ecc595abe8a2660fe0024d1109bbac6", "text": "All the Pretty Horses (film) All the Pretty Horses is a 2000 American romance western film produced and directed by Billy Bob Thornton , and based on Cormac McCarthy 's novel of the same name . Starring Matt Damon and Penélope Cruz , the film was released on Christmas Day 2000 to mostly negative reviews . It grossed $ 18 million worldwide , against a $ 57 million budget .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "c6cbaaa65fdc9dc5f5af507b91c02887", "text": "The Big Picture (Elton John album) The Big Picture is the twenty-sixth studio album by British singer-songwriter Elton John , released in 1997 . It includes four worldwide singles : `` Live Like Horses '' ( a duet with Luciano Pavarotti only for the single version ) , `` Something About the Way You Look Tonight '' ( released later also as a double A-side with `` Candle in the Wind 1997 '' ) , `` Recover Your Soul '' and `` If the River Can Bend '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "20a17d18cebda9ab0edf52b41e4139ee", "text": "Toughest Cowboy Toughest Cowboy is an American rodeo competition-based reality television program that follows twelve professional cowboys as they compete in three roughstock rodeo events -- bareback bronc riding , saddle bronc riding , and bull riding in effort to win the Toughest Cowboy championship and the grand prize of a ranch in the American West . Originally created by Jac Sperling and Tommy Joe Lucia , Toughest Cowboy is a combination of athletic competition and personal retrospectives creating a new genre of television , known as `` sports drama . '' The first broadcast aired April 8 , 2007 on the Fox Sports Network ( FSN ) . In 2009 , Mark Burnett signed on to produce the series for Spike TV . Whiskey Falls composed the theme song . The show follows a group of twelve professional rodeo cowboys through a series of live rodeo tournaments in which they must ride three different disciplines , whereas in most rodeo competitions , competitors ride in one specific discipline or event . This all-around competition adds a significantly higher likelihood of injury . Each week a competitor is eliminated from the competition , until the final four competitors remain . These four final cowboys must ride a total of six animals each ( two bareback broncs , two saddle broncs , two bulls ) during the championship tournament . Throughout the championship round each competitor amasses total ride points , the cowboy with the most total points at the conclusion of the finals is awarded the series championship and grand prize ranch . Toughest Cowboy also uses a modified point system based on the standard 8-second qualified ride from traditional rodeo . Rather than scoring a `` 0 '' for any ride shorted than eight seconds , Toughest Cowboy competitors are delivered penalty points for the 1/10 of seconds they are short of the full ride mark . Each 1/10 of a second is equal to 1 point . This eliminates the chance of a 0-0 tie between competitors . In addition to the athletic competition , the broadcast include segments outside of the rodeo arena . These segments give background on the competitor 's lives , most of which include visits to their homes . There are also interviews conducted during the live competition to provide an inside look at the cowboys thoughts during the tournament .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d918bf01de04f90d33da6c5f51924ca7", "text": "Hushabye `` Hushabye '' is a song that was written by Doc Pomus and Mort Shuman in 1959 for the doo-wop vocal group the Mystics . It is based on the lullaby `` All the Pretty Horses '' . It spent sixteen weeks on Billboard Hot 100 ( nine of those in the top 40 ) , reaching # 20 at its peak . Personnel on the original recording included Al Caiola and Bucky Pizzarelli on guitars and Panama Francis on drums . Disc jockey Alan Freed featured `` Hushabye '' as the closing tune on his televised Saturday night `` Big Beat Show '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cbb155b469c267abd9e461adf5675339", "text": "Dorothy McKim Dorothy McKim is an American producer for Disney , best known for Meet the Robinsons , The Lion King ( 1994 ) and Beauty and the Beast ( 1991 ) . McKim and fellow producer Lauren MacMullan were nominated for an Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film for the 2013 film Get a Horse ! . She serves as the inspiration for the character of Magee in the Prep & Landing franchise .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f74f33a755e80686e0812bb01680f132", "text": "All the Pretty Horses All the Pretty Horses may refer to : All the Pretty Horses ( novel ) , a 1992 novel by Cormac McCarthy All the Pretty Horses ( film ) , a 2000 film based on the novel `` All the Pretty Little Horses '' ( also known as `` Hush-a-bye '' ) , a traditional lullaby from the Southern United States", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8cb737daf2c9c023f338dd3e843ea172", "text": "Sigrid Thornton Sigrid Thornton ( born 12 February 1959 ) is an Australian actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "012e0204a8399c3dc65e4e8605cab336", "text": "Bob Sweeney (actor and director) Bob Sweeney ( October 19 , 1918 -- June 7 , 1992 ) was an actor , director and producer of radio , television and film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d9471c7e3e78a7717a716f0b5bfc442", "text": "Ginny Mule Pictures Ginny Mule Pictures was an award-winning independent film production company created by actors , Ray McKinnon , Lisa Blount and Walton Goggins . Ginny Mule was involved with producing four independent films , each featuring McKinnon and Goggins onscreen . Blount appeared in Ginny Mule 's first three films , but died in 2010 . Ginny Mule first produced the black comedy short The Accountant , written and directed by McKinnon , about a ruthless and hard drinking accountant ( McKinnon ) who appears to help two family farmers ( Goggins and Eddie King ) ; the film received an Academy Award for Live Action Short Film after qualifying at the Atlanta Film Festival . The company then created Chrystal , starring Billy Bob Thornton as an Arkansas ex-convict returning home after imprisonment to rekindle the relationship with the wife he left behind . McKinnon was nominated for the Grand Jury prize at the 2004 Sundance Film Festival for his writing and directing the film , while Blount was recognized by the 2004 Stockholm International Film Festival jurors as Best Actress for her portrayal of the title character . In 2007 , Randy and the Mob , a comedy written and directed by McKinnon , won both the Audience Choice and President 's Awards at the Nashville Film Festival and was awarded the Spirit award at the Slamdance Film Festival . Recently , McKinnon produced That Evening Sun , which starred veteran actors Dixie Carter and her real-life husband Hal Holbrook as a Tennessee couple who had lost their farm . The film , directed by Scott Teems , won many awards , including the Audience award for narrative feature and the Special Jury Award for Best Ensemble Cast at the 2009 SXSW Film Festival in Austin , Texas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "57d3043c4cf337517a70335c4629b0db", "text": "Cowboys, Sisters, Rascals & Dirt Cowboys , Sisters , Rascals & Dirt is an album by Waylon Jennings , released in 1993 through RCA Nashville and Ode 2 Kids Records . A concept album , it features Jennings singing compositions intended for children . All but one of the tracks on the record were written by the singer himself . The final song is dedicated to Jennings ' son , Shooter . While a music video for `` Cowboy Movies '' was filmed , the album itself did not chart . The album was produced by Cliff `` Barny '' Robertson , whose daughters , Becky , Emily and Joanna , sing backing vocals on it . In the mid-2000s , the daughters founded a group called Carter 's Chord .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd821586ab33216aab6b85265540fb58", "text": "John Farrar John Clifford Farrar ( -LSB- ˈfɑːrər -RSB- ; born 8 November 1945 ) is an Australian-born music producer , songwriter , arranger , singer and guitarist . As a musician , Farrar is a former member of several rock and roll groups including The Mustangs ( 1963 -- 64 ) , The Strangers ( 1964 -- 70 ) , Marvin , Welch & Farrar ( 1970 -- 73 ) , and The Shadows ( 1973 -- 76 ) ; in 1980 he released a solo eponymous album . As a songwriter and producer he worked with Olivia Newton-John from 1971 to 1989 . He wrote her number-one hit singles : `` Have You Never Been Mellow '' ( 1975 ) , `` You 're the One That I Want '' ( 1978 duet with John Travolta ) , `` Hopelessly Devoted to You '' ( 1978 ) , and `` Magic '' ( 1980 ) . He also produced the majority of her recorded material during that time including her number-one albums , If You Love Me , Let Me Know ( 1974 ) , Have You Never Been Mellow ( 1975 ) and Olivia 's Greatest Hits Vol . 2 ( 1982 ) ; and he was a co-producer of Grease ( 1978 ) -- the soundtrack for the film of the same name . Farrar also produced Newton-John 's first United States number-one hit single , `` I Honestly Love You '' , which was awarded the Grammy Award for Record of the Year in 1975 . In 1969 Farrar married fellow Australian singer , Pat Carroll -- formerly Newton-John 's singing partner . In July 1970 Farrar and Carroll relocated to the United Kingdom and from late 1975 they have resided in the US . They are the parents of Sam Farrar ( Phantom Planet bassist and Maroon 5 touring member ) and Max Farrar ( Golden Ghost guitarist and keyboardist ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ba94c5d05a009eb360b55840b9aeb25", "text": "The Definitive Collection (Billy Ray Cyrus album) The Definitive Collection is a compilation album released from country music singer-songwriter , Billy Ray Cyrus in June 2004 . The album is part of Universal Music Group 's The Definitive Collection series and was released without Cyrus ' supervision , thus no new material was recorded . `` Fastest Horse in a One-Horse Town '' was not previously included on any of Cyrus 's albums , although he recorded it for a compilation called NASCAR : Runnin ' Wide Open .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a43c8467e0cbca98a2dfb2e9256dcaf7", "text": "Billy Bob Thornton filmography", "title": "" }, { "docid": "07356e92d95949af099687d55a52af39", "text": "Roger M. Bobb Roger Marcellus Bobb is the President and CEO of Bobbcat Films a film and television production company based in Atlanta , GA. . Prior to creating Bobbcat Films , Bobb served as the Executive Vice President of Tyler Perry Studios . He is the producer for hit television shows Tyler Perry 's House of Payne , Meet The Browns , The Rickey Smiley Show , It 's A Manns World and Mann & Wife . He is the producer of eleven Tyler Perry films . .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dd51ff67b018cbd9967648ac196e4210", "text": "Daddy and Them Daddy and Them is a 2001 American film written , directed by , and starring Billy Bob Thornton . In addition to Thornton , it stars Laura Dern , Andy Griffith , Ben Affleck , Kelly Preston , Diane Ladd , Brenda Blethyn , Tuesday Knight , Jamie Lee Curtis and Jim Varney . This was Jim Varney 's last live-action film ; he died a year before the movie 's release . It was also his penultimate movie . The original plan was to release the film in theaters , but the film got only limited distribution as Miramax found the film not `` commercial '' enough . Daddy and Them opened to positive reviews , with many critics praising the film 's southern humour , Thornton 's work as a writer/director , and the performances of the entire cast . It currently holds an 83 % rating on the review site Rotten Tomatoes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fb2dad83246a714cdbb504dad9c595a8", "text": "Simon Fields Simon Fields is a native of London and received his education at Stowe School . After graduation , he worked his way through the television commercial production ranks in London to become production manager for the Moving Picture Company . In 1978 , Fields became a producer for Jon Roseman Productions and moved to L.A. within a year to join its U.S. division . He , producer Paul Flattery and director Bruce Gowers . soon left to form Gowers , Fields , Flattery . In 1982 , Gowers Fields Flattery started representing director Steve Barron , of the UK company Limelight in the U.S. . In 1983 Fields left Gowers , Fields , Flattery with Barron to form the US version of Limelight , a company focused on music video , commercial and feature film production , with operations in Los Angeles and London . As president and CEO , Fields oversaw a television commercial division whose accounts included Calvin Klein , Nike and Budweiser , as well as producing the feature film Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles . Limelight also became distinguished as a leader in music video production , working on projects with Michael Jackson , Madonna , Prince , Peter Gabriel , A-ha , David Bowie and others . Toward the end of his twelve-year tenure with Limelight , Fields teamed with director Peter Chelsom in developing and producing feature films . Together they shepherded the Ned Beatty romantic comedy Hear My Song , the Buena Vista distributed Funny Bones starring Oliver Platt and Jerry Lewis ( which earned Fields and Chelsom a London Critics Circle Film Award for British Producer of the Year ) , The Mighty starring Elden Henson , Kieran Culkin and Sharon Stone , Miramax 's romantic comedy Serendipity starring John Cusack and Kate Beckinsale , and the romantic comedy Shall We Dance , starring Richard Gere , Susan Sarandon and Jennifer Lopez . Through Nuyorican , Fields has produced several feature films and served as Executive Producer on many television productions : The crime drama Bordertown , starring Jennifer Lopez and Antonio Banderas , the Picture House release of El Cantante , the story of salsa pioneer Hector Lavoe , starring Lopez and Marc Anthony , and the Sony Pictures release of Feel the Noise , a drama set in New York & Puerto Rico . The company has also produced Dancelife , a dance competition reality series for MTV . Nuyorican also has non-scripted/reality division , and had its first series South Beach Tow premiere on TruTV in July 2011 . Simon Fields currently resides in Los Angeles with his wife Melanie and two children .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6f3160380a41b3074e4bcb7a5405d4df", "text": "Eldorado Recording Studios Eldorado Recording Studios is a recording studio in Burbank , California originally established in 1954 at the corner of Hollywood and Vine as a workshop for Johnny Otis . In 1987 , due to damage the building sustained from numerous earthquakes , Eldorado was located to late Marvin Gaye 's former studio on Sunset Boulevard , where many successful albums were recorded during the alternative rock and grunge-era ( 1989 to 1996 ) . The studio was relocated to its current location in Burbank in 1996 , designed and built from the ground up by Steven Klein . Eldorado is notable for recording albums or simply tracks by Canned Heat , Slayer , Brian Eno , Talking Heads , The Red Hot Chili Peppers , Herbie Hancock , Jane 's Addiction , Social Distortion , Alice in Chains , MxPx , The Offspring , Beowülf , Against Me ! , Head Automatica , Avenged Sevenfold , My Chemical Romance , Anthrax , Kreator , Icehouse and many more . Eldorado is a full-service studio primarily dedicated to the production and recording of a wide range of artists and clients . Having served as `` home base '' to producer Dave Jerden from 1981 to 2004 , Eldorado now caters to a variety of top notch producers , engineers and artists , including Butch Vig , Rob Cavallo , Ben Harper , Marshall Altman , Jason Lader , Lukas Burton , Don Gehman , Joe Zook , Jeff Trott , Brian Scheuble , Doug McKean , Don Murray , Jeff Saltzman , and Toby Wright .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "51d27089426ba0c878f15d94ad7be7d9", "text": "Mark Brooks (director) Mark Brooks is an American producer , director , writer and musician .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "28ea20f57bedb6b86ac98dc176e6bfa0", "text": "Heather Vitale Heather Vitale is a television journalist for the sport of Standardbred horse racing ( harness racing ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8745c320a25060bded56a3716b755ae6", "text": "Myles Wilder Myles Wilder ( January 28 , 1933 - April 20 , 2010 ) was a television comedy writer and producer . Wilder attended and graduated from UCLA 's Theater Arts Department . During his senior year , he and two of his friends , Mitch Rose and Wayne Thoms , produced a documentary entitled `` The Sports Car '' that depicted the history of and interest in sports cars . He later wrote for The Tim Conway Show , a 1970 situation comedy , and the 1977 situation comedy The San Pedro Beach Bums . Wilders father was director-producer W. Lee Wilder ( 1904 -- 1982 ) , and his uncle was Oscar-winning director Billy Wilder ( 1906 -- 2002 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "348dab40b92213d958990ab643831351", "text": "Bill Curbishley William George `` Bill '' Curbishley ( born 13 March 1942 , London ) is an English music and film producer and band manager , best known for his work with English rock groups The Who and Judas Priest , as well as artists Jimmy Page and Robert Plant .", "title": "" } ]	fever
9e9ba06413eee9d46bd54b8ad6ce5baf	Stranger Things includes no psychic characters.	[ { "docid": "0b3b33e6ae5c1121973600fa19ee27a5", "text": "Stranger Things Stranger Things is an American science fiction-horror web television series created , written , directed and co-executive produced by the Duffer Brothers , as well as co-executive-produced by Shawn Levy and Dan Cohen . The first season stars Winona Ryder , David Harbour , Finn Wolfhard , Millie Bobby Brown , Gaten Matarazzo , Caleb McLaughlin , Natalia Dyer , Charlie Heaton , Cara Buono , and Matthew Modine , with Noah Schnapp and Joe Keery in recurring roles . The second season will see Schnapp and Keery promoted to series regulars , along with the addition of Sadie Sink and Dacre Montgomery . Set in the fictional town of Hawkins , Indiana in the 1980s , the first season focuses on the investigation into the disappearance of a young boy by his friends , older brother and traumatized mother and the local police chief , amid supernatural events occurring around the town including the appearance of a psychokinetic girl who helps the missing boy 's friends in their own search . The second season is set a year after the first , and deals with attempts of the characters to return to normal and consequences from that season . The Duffer Brothers developed the series as a mix of investigative drama alongside supernatural elements with childlike sensibilities , establishing its time frame in the 1980s and creating a homage #Noun to pop culture of that decade . Several themes and directorial aspects were inspired and aesthetically informed by the works of Steven Spielberg , John Carpenter , and Stephen King , among others . The series was released on Netflix on July 15 , 2016 . It received critical acclaim for its characterization , pacing , atmosphere , acting , soundtrack , directing , writing and homages to 1980s genre films . The series has received several industry nominations and awards , including winning the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series in 2016 . On August 31 , 2016 , Netflix renewed the series for a second season of nine episodes , which is set to be released on October 31 , 2017 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "a765f3548c87e262a9683cafef03c206", "text": "The Unexplained (magazine) The Unexplained : Mysteries of Mind , Space , & Time was a popular partwork magazine published by Orbis Publishing in the United Kingdom , between 1980 and 1983 . It ran to 156 issues , with issue 157 being an index to the collection , and dealt with the paranormal and mysteries such as UFOs , the Bermuda Triangle , ghosts , spontaneous human combustion , the Cottingley Fairies , ancient knowledge , sea monsters , the Yeti , weird coincidences , stone circles , contact with the dead , and notable historical characters linked to the occult . The magazine was published as a journal , with page numbering continuing from one edition to the next . When the magazine ceased publication , a refund was offered if the consumer returned the covers . The magazine was edited by Peter Brookesmith , and consultants included Dr. J. Allen Hynek and Professor A. J. Ellison . The editorial director was Brian Innes , who had previously worked on Man , Myth & Magic : An Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Supernatural . A complementary version was published in France , entitled L'Inexpliqué , which contained differently written articles . This series was published in 8 to 26 volumes , depending on whether the edition were British or French . The partwork , which debuted on newsstands the same year the British TV series Arthur C. Clarke 's Mysterious World ( 1980 ) was first broadcast , was hugely popular . Articles from the magazine were later published in book form during the late 1980s by various publishers , including Black Cat , Caxton , and St. Michael 's books . Titles included : When the Impossible Happens ( 1984 ) and Out of this World : Mysteries of Mind , Space , & Time ( 1989 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad47dc43670072898442977a55502324", "text": "Character (arts) A character ( sometimes known as a fictional character ) is a person or other being in a narrative work of art ( such as a novel , play , television series , or film ) . The character may be entirely fictional or based on a real-life person , in which case the distinction of a `` fictional '' versus `` real '' character may be made . Derived from the ancient Greek word χαρακτήρ , the English word dates from the Restoration , although it became widely used after its appearance in Tom Jones in 1749 . From this , the sense of `` a part played by an actor '' developed . Character , particularly when enacted by an actor in the theatre or cinema , involves `` the illusion of being a human person . '' In literature , characters guide readers through their stories , helping them to understand plots and ponder themes . Since the end of the 18th century , the phrase `` in character '' has been used to describe an effective impersonation by an actor . Since the 19th century , the art of creating characters , as practiced by actors or writers , has been called characterisation . A character who stands as a representative of a particular class or group of people is known as a type . Types include both stock characters and those that are more fully individualised . The characters in Henrik Ibsen 's Hedda Gabler ( 1891 ) and August Strindberg 's Miss Julie ( 1888 ) , for example , are representative of specific positions in the social relations of class and gender , such that the conflicts between the characters reveal ideological conflicts . The study of a character requires an analysis of its relations with all of the other characters in the work . The individual status of a character is defined through the network of oppositions ( proairetic , pragmatic , linguistic , proxemic ) that it forms with the other characters . The relation between characters and the action of the story shifts historically , often miming shifts in society and its ideas about human individuality , self-determination , and the social order .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e6d47553e36f5d3866822e1579155eb3", "text": "Sshhh ... `` Sshhh ... '' is a science fiction short story by David Brin about humanity 's first contact with an alien race . It was first published in Amazing Stories in 1988 and appears in the Brin 's 1997 anthology Otherness . The story opens with 2 Earth Survey vessels escorting Lentili starships to Earth . The Lentili are a race of tall , long-lived aliens who are far more technologically and philosophically advanced than humans , who have only recently ventured to the stars . While the Lentili are en route to Earth , Earth President Tridden makes a planetwide announcement . He reveals that an eminent psychologist has discovered that the Lentili , for all their power , lack a certain talent possessed by humans . This talent is apparently rare and almost unthinkable among galactic races . Tridden will not reveal exactly what this talent is , but describes it as `` something so mundane to us that few human beings ever bother even thinking about it past the age of ten ! '' This talent can wreak `` untold psychic harm '' among the Lentili and he asks the people of Earth to join him in making a `` great sacrifice . '' Tridden asks the human race to remove all mention of this talent from literature and from daily life . But since lingering references and , indeed , copies of his broadcast will survive , the human race must also provide a good `` cover story '' to explain away this situation . Tridden announces that it will be recorded that he has gone insane . There is no talent and the chaos will be the result of Tridden 's insanity . Tridden , seeing that he is about to be removed from the air , puts his finger to his lips in one final gesture of secrecy . The story is open-ended , leaving the reader to wonder whether Tridden pulled off a marvelous scheme to help humanity weather an ego crisis when faced with the superior Lentili , or whether humanity really does have a unique talent .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c636692447584ecef11db8a08fe6b945", "text": "Alien abduction The terms alien abduction or abduction phenomenon describe `` subjectively real memories of being taken secretly against one 's will by apparently nonhuman entities and subjected to complex physical and psychological procedures '' . Such abductions have sometimes been classified as close encounters of the fourth kind . People claiming to have been abducted are usually called `` abductees '' or `` experiencers '' . Due to a lack of objective physical evidence , most scientists and mental health professionals dismiss the phenomenon as `` deception , suggestibility ( fantasy-proneness , hypnotizability , false memory syndrome ) , personality , sleep paralysis , psychopathology , psychodynamics -LSB- and -RSB- environmental factors '' . Skeptic Robert Sheaffer sees similarity between the aliens depicted in science fiction films , in particular , Invaders From Mars , and some of those reported to have actually abducted people . Typical claims involve being subjected to forced medical examinations that emphasize abductee reproductive systems . Abductees sometimes claim to have been warned against environmental abuse and the dangers of nuclear weapons . While many of these claimed encounters are described as terrifying , some have been viewed as pleasurable or transformative . The first alleged alien abduction claim to be widely publicized was the Betty and Barney Hill abduction in 1961 . Reports of the abduction phenomenon have been made around the world , but are most common in English speaking countries , especially the United States . The contents of the abduction narrative often seem to vary with the home culture of the alleged abductee . Alien abductions have been the subject of conspiracy theories and science fiction storylines ( notably The X-Files ) that have speculated on stealth technology required if the phenomenon were real , the motivations for secrecy , and that alien implants could be a possible form of physical evidence .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5f006c2c05d09a07d53e22c6cf1bba50", "text": "Xenoglossy Xenoglossy ( -LSB- ˌziːnəˈɡlɒsi , _ ˌzɛ - , _ - noʊ - -RSB- ) , also written xenoglossia ( -LSB- ˌziːnəˈɡlɒsiə , _ ˌzɛ - , _ - noʊ - -RSB- ) , sometimes also known as xenolalia , is the putative paranormal phenomenon in which a person is able to speak or write a language he or she could not have acquired by natural means . The words derive from Greek ξένος ( xenos ) , `` foreigner '' and γλῶσσα ( glōssa ) , `` tongue '' or `` language '' . The term xenoglossy was ostensibly coined by French parapsychologist Charles Richet in 1905 . Stories of xenoglossy are found in the Bible , and contemporary claims of xenoglossy have been made by parapsychologists and reincarnation researchers such as Ian Stevenson . There is no scientific evidence that xenoglossy is an actual phenomenon .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "058841511de266ec0e52355ff28362d2", "text": "Never Again (The X-Files) `` Never Again '' is the thirteenth episode of the fourth season of the American science fiction television series The X-Files . It was written by producers Glen Morgan and James Wong , and directed by Rob Bowman . The episode aired in the United States on February 2 , 1997 on the Fox network and in the United Kingdom on BBC One on December 3 , 1997 . The episode is a `` Monster-of-the-Week '' story , a stand-alone plot which is unconnected to the series ' wider mythology . The episode received a Nielsen rating of 13 and was viewed by 21.36 million viewers . It received mostly positive reviews from television critics . The show centers on FBI special agents Fox Mulder ( David Duchovny ) and Dana Scully ( Gillian Anderson ) who work on cases linked to the paranormal , called X-Files . Mulder is a believer in the paranormal , while the skeptical Scully has been assigned to debunk his work . In this episode , Scully leaves town -- and Mulder -- for a solo assignment . She soon meets Ed Jerse , a man who is being mentally controlled by a drug-related side effect of his tattoo . His tattoo , affectionately named Betty , does not want to share him , especially not with Scully . Although `` Never Again '' was directed by Bowman , it was originally scheduled to be directed by noted movie director Quentin Tarantino . Tarantino was unable to direct the entry due to a dispute with the Directors Guild of America . Gillian Anderson was particularly pleased with the episode showing a different side of Scully ; she had specifically asked Morgan and Wong to write an episode that explored Scully 's dark side . Several cast members from Morgan and Wong 's series Space : Above and Beyond were cast in the episode .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7035f7811989db71dde53c853838fe0b", "text": "Talking with Strangers Talking with Strangers is an album first issued in the UK in 2009 , by Judy Dyble featuring Robert Fripp , Ian McDonald , Julianne Regan , Simon Nicol , Tim Bowness , Jacqui McShee , Pat Mastelotto , Alistair Murphy , Celia Humphris , Laurie A'Court , Rachel Hall , Mark Fletcher , Jeremy Salmon , Paul Robinson , John Gillies , Sanchia Pattinson and Harry Fletcher . The album has subsequently been issued twice on vinyl , with different artwork on both versions . A cd version was issued by Termo in Scandinavia , which saw Dyble , Bowness and Murphy make live TV and radio appearances in support of the release . Additionally , Dark Peak productions released an imported version in Japan . Late 2012 saw a deal signed for the first official release of the album in the USA via Gonzo Multimedia . The release date being late February 2013 . The album features a near 20-minute biopic of Dyble 's life ( `` Harpsong '' ) , and is described as being in the musical style of prog-folk . The UK release received reviews including being described as a `` sophisticated triumph '' and was selected as HMV stores ` recommended album of the year ' 2009 in the specialist music sector . The first UK pressing featured the artwork of 1960s psychedelic artist John Hurford and inner sleeve illustration by Koldo Barroso . This version is sold out and deleted as of December 2009 . The second UK pressing ( and subsequent releases feature the artwork and designs of Jackie Morris . Upon the UK release , Dyble played a press and a headline show at the 100 club , this was the first time she had appeared on stage in London since the days of her being the lead singer of Fairport Convention and Trader Horne in the late 1960s . The band included Simon Nicol , Tim Bowness , Alistair Murphy amongst others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3af6cc04be55b1963a0dd6a53f98d02f", "text": "The Stranger (song) `` The Stranger '' is a song by rock artist Billy Joel from his 1977 album of the same name , The Stranger . The song was released as a single in Japan where it became very popular and peaked at # 2 on the Oricon chart . It charted in Australia too . It was the last single from the album in Japan , while the US and UK saw `` She 's Always a Woman '' , released the previous year , as the last single from the album . The single is featured on Joel 's greatest hits album , Greatest Hits - Volume I & II . An untitled two-minute instrumental `` hidden track '' reprise of this song is featured at the end of The Stranger , after `` Everybody Has a Dream '' . Billy Joel originally wanted the melody to be played by some kind of wind instrument , but after Joel demonstrated the melody by whistling it , producer Phil Ramone convinced Joel to scrap the idea of a wind instrument and whistle instead .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6785a718906098c35e7c35847c369b09", "text": "Weird Science (comics) Weird Science was an American science fiction comic book magazine that was part of the EC Comics line in the early 1950s . Over a four-year span , the comic ran for 22 issues , ending with the November -- December , 1953 issue . Weird Fantasy was a sister title published during the same time frame . Published by Bill Gaines and edited by Al Feldstein , the bi-monthly Weird Science replaced Saddle Romances with the May/June 1950 issue . Although the title and format change took effect with issue 12 , Gaines and Feldstein decided not to restart the numbering in order to save money on second class postage . The Post Office took note and , starting with issue # 5 , all the issues were numbered correctly . Because of this , `` Weird Science # 12 '' could refer to either the May/June 1950 issue , or the actual 12th issue published in 1952 . The same confusion exists for issues # 13-15 , # 15 being the last issue published before EC reset the numbering . Artist/Writer Harry Harrison claims credit for originally giving Gaines the notion of publishing science fiction . Harrison has stated that he and artist Wally Wood were interested in science fiction and gave Gaines science fiction stories to read . Harrison , however , had no editorial control over the contents of the comic aside from his own stories and left EC by the end of 1950 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "955de93aba8f65459d3c0722dc962680", "text": "Treehouse of Horror IV `` Treehouse of Horror IV '' is the fifth episode of The Simpsons ' fifth season and the fourth episode in the Treehouse of Horror series of Halloween specials . It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on October 28 , 1993 , and features three short stories called `` The Devil and Homer Simpson '' , `` Terror at 5 1/2 Feet '' , and `` Bart Simpson 's Dracula '' . The episode was directed by David Silverman and co-written by Conan O'Brien , Bill Oakley , Josh Weinstein , Greg Daniels , Dan McGrath , and Bill Canterbury . In `` The Devil and Homer Simpson '' , Homer Simpson announces he would sell his soul for a doughnut , and the Devil appears to make a deal with Homer . Homer tries to outsmart the Devil by not finishing the doughnut but eventually eats it and is sent to Hell . A trial is held between Homer and the Devil to determine the rightful owner of Homer 's soul . In `` Terror at 5 1/2 Feet '' , while riding the bus to school , Bart Simpson believes he sees a gremlin taking apart the bus piece by piece . Nobody sees it except for Bart , so he tries to remove it on his own . In `` Bart Simpson 's Dracula '' , Mr. Burns is a vampire and Bart falls victim to his bite . Lisa and the rest of the family go to Burns ' castle to kill Burns so Bart can return to normal . As with the rest of the Halloween specials , the episode is considered non-canon and falls outside of the show 's regular continuity . The episode makes cultural references to television series such as The Twilight Zone , Night Gallery , and Peanuts . References are also made to films such as Bram Stoker 's Dracula and The Lost Boys . Since airing , the episode has received mostly positive reviews from television critics . It acquired a Nielsen rating of 14.5 , and was the highest-rated show on the Fox network the week it aired .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2161d0a684c85c3a46f736340048f611", "text": "Edward Page Mitchell Edward Page Mitchell ( 1852 -- 1927 ) was an American editorial and short story writer for The Sun , a daily newspaper in New York City . He became that newspaper 's editor in 1897 , succeeding Charles Anderson Dana . Mitchell was recognized as a major figure in the early development of the science fiction genre . Mitchell wrote fiction about a man rendered invisible by scientific means ( `` The Crystal Man '' , published in 1881 ) before H.G. Wells 's The Invisible Man , wrote about a time-travel machine ( `` The Clock that Went Backward '' ) before Wells 's The Time Machine , wrote about faster-than-light travel ( `` The Tachypomp '' ; now perhaps his best-known work ) in 1874 , a thinking computer and a cyborg in 1879 ( `` The Ablest Man in the World '' ) , and also wrote the earliest known stories about matter transmission or teleportation ( `` The Man without a Body '' , 1877 ) and a superior mutant ( `` Old Squids and Little Speller '' ) . `` Exchanging Their Souls '' ( 1877 ) is one of the earliest fictional accounts of mind transfer . Mitchell retired in 1926 , a year before dying of a cerebral hemorrhage . The gradual rediscovery of Mitchell and his work is a direct result of the publication in 1973 of a book-length anthology of his stories , compiled by Sam Moskowitz with a detailed introduction by Moskowitz giving much information about Mitchell 's personal life . Because Mitchell 's stories were not by-lined on original publication , nor indexed , Moskowitz expended major effort to track down and collect these works by an author whom Moskowitz cited as `` the lost giant of American science fiction '' . Mitchell 's stories show the strong influence of Edgar Allan Poe . Among other traits , Mitchell shares Poe 's habit of giving a basically serious and dignified fictional character a humorous name , such as `` Professor Dummkopf '' in Mitchell 's `` The Man Without a Body '' . Since Mitchell 's fictions were originally published in newspapers , typeset in the same format as news articles and not identified as fiction , he may possibly have used this device to signal to his readers that this text should not be taken seriously .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5e5e16be11ccc602d617e9ec205ac75c", "text": "Wild Things (film) Wild Things is a 1998 American erotic thriller film directed by John McNaughton , and stars Matt Dillon , Neve Campbell , Kevin Bacon , Denise Richards and Theresa Russell . An `` uncut '' version , adding seven minutes to its runtime , was released on DVD in 2004 and includes a change to Kelly and Suzie 's relationship . The film gained notoriety for featuring several sex scenes -- in particular , one involving a man and two women simultaneously -- that were more explicit than is typically seen in mainstream , big-budget Hollywood releases . It spawned several direct-to-DVD sequels that were released in 2004 , 2005 and 2010 . The film has a MPAA rating of R for `` strong sexuality , nudity , language and violence '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "274b4889e761898aab6869734992bd10", "text": "Nowhere Men Nowhere Men is a comic book series written by Eric Stephenson . The first six issues were drawn by Nate Bellegarde , colored by Jordie Bellaire , lettered by Fonografix ( Steven Finch ) , and published by Image Comics . As of issue 7 , Dave Taylor has replaced Nate Bellegarde , who no longer is part of the creative team . Emi Lenox also joined up , providing short comics about Monica Strange , one of the characters of Nowhere Men . The series centers on a fictional world where a group of four scientists , long since gone their own ways , have had huge cultural influences in a way similar to that of The Beatles in our world . It 's loosely based on the story of the British Invasion , especially how The Beatles stood out . The promotional tagline , `` Science is the new Rock-N-Roll '' , exemplifies this . The name is derived primarily from the fact that things just seem to come out of nowhere for the scientists , although there are other plot points that the name is based on as well . It was also influenced by the Beatles song `` Nowhere Man '' . Nowhere Men was nominated for four Eisner Awards in 2014 , of which it won one : Jordie Bellaire won the award for Best Colorist for her work on several titles , including Nowhere Men . As of March 2016 , nine issues have been published , the first six of which form the completed first arc . The seventh , eighth and ninth issue are part of the second arc , which started in January 2016 after a two-year delay and was scheduled to be completed in June 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d6319262588b8666c651582ac5f406b", "text": "Northern Mysteries Northern Mysteries is a docudrama-style television program that retells some of the stranger events in Canadian history , dealing with ghosts , paranormal events , lost treasures and bizarre murders . Hosted by Kenneth Welsh each episode usually tackles two events or subjects , by discussing with journalists , the police and eyewitnesses a complete account of what happened , as well as re-enacting the events for entertainment purposes . Original versions of each episode were released in both English and French .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ab2716aa8840202692056743572e9d8", "text": "The Man Without Qualities The Man Without Qualities ( 1930 -- 43 ; German : Der Mann ohne Eigenschaften ) is an unfinished modernist novel in three volumes and various drafts , by the late Austrian writer Robert Musil . It is typically considered to be one of the most significant European novels of the twentieth century . The novel is a `` story of ideas '' , which takes place in the time of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy 's last days , and the plot often veers into allegorical dissections on a wide range of existential themes concerning humanity and feelings . It has a particular concern with the values of truth and opinion and how society organizes ideas about life and society , though the book is well over a thousand pages long in its entirety , and so no one single theme dominates .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f9f8b288d5b9b64ca51ce3a3bd406937", "text": "Alien abduction claimants Alien abduction claimants ( also called abductees and experiencers ) are people who have claimed to have been abducted by aliens . The term `` abduction phenomenon '' describes claims of non-human creatures kidnapping individuals and temporarily removing them from familiar terrestrial surroundings . The abductors , usually interpreted as being extraterrestrial life forms , are said to subject experiencers to a forced medical examination that emphasizes the alleged experiencer 's reproductive system . The first alien abduction narrative to be widely publicized was the Betty and Barney Hill abduction in 1961 . Since that time , the credibility and mental health of alleged experiencers has taken on great importance to those seeking to determine the veracity of the abduction claims . Mainstream academics and members of the skeptics movement generally doubt that the phenomenon occurs literally as reported , and have proposed a variety of alternate explanations . Such skeptics often argue that the phenomenon might be a modern-day folk myth or vivid dreams occurring in a state of sleep paralysis . On the contrary ufologists and paranormal researchers hold positions closer to the face-value of abduction claims . The discovery of common psychological traits shared by abductees would have the potential to determine a neurological explanation for the claims , while other commonalities or differences may serve to reinforce that the claims of the experiencers do in fact correspond with objective reality .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0cb1b42e0a949eaf2cee3dadcf286880", "text": "Southern Ontario Gothic Southern Ontario Gothic is a subgenre of the Gothic novel genre and a feature of Canadian literature that comes from Southern Ontario . This region includes Toronto , Southern Ontario 's major industrial cities ( Windsor , London , Hamilton , St. Thomas , Oshawa , St. Catharines ) , and the surrounding countryside . While the genre may also feature other areas of Ontario , Canada , and the world as narrative locales , this region provides the core settings . The term was first used in Graeme Gibson 's Eleven Canadian Novelists ( 1972 ) to recognize an existing tendency to apply aspects of the Gothic novel to writing based in and around Southern Ontario . In an interview with Timothy Findley , Gibson commented that Findley 's novel The Last of the Crazy People shared similarities with the American Southern Gothic genre , to which Findley replied , '' ... sure , it 's Southern Gothic : Southern Ontario Gothic . '' Notable writers of this subgenre include Alice Munro , Margaret Atwood , Robertson Davies , Jane Urquhart , Marian Engel , James Reaney and Barbara Gowdy . Like the Southern Gothic of American writers such as William Faulkner , Flannery O'Connor and Eudora Welty , Southern Ontario Gothic analyzes and critiques social conditions such as race , gender , religion and politics , but in a Southern Ontario context . Southern Ontario Gothic is generally characterized by a stern realism set against the dour small-town Protestant morality stereotypical of the region , and often has underlying themes of moral hypocrisy . Actions and people that act against humanity , logic , and morality all are portrayed unfavourably , and one or more characters may be suffering from some form of mental illness . In a review of Alice Munro 's Dear Life for Quill & Quire , literary critic James Grainger writes that `` Violence , illness , and reputations ruined by a single indiscretion are accepted in Munro 's secretive , repressed communities as a kind of levelling mechanism , rough justice for those who dare to strive for something finer . '' The Gothic novel has traditionally examined the role of evil in the human soul , and has incorporated dark or horrific imagery to create the desired setting . Some ( but not all ) writers of Southern Ontario Gothic use supernatural or magic realist elements ; a few deviate from realism entirely , in the manner of the fantastical gothic novel . Virtually all dwell to a certain extent upon the grotesque . Notable works of the genre include Davies ' Deptford Trilogy , Findley 's Headhunter , Atwood 's Alias Grace and The Blind Assassin , and Munro 's Selected Stories . The genre has been criticised as having `` little or nothing to distinguish it from everyday , garden-variety type realism . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ddce0c0cb65863c8e7fe09be4ce69612", "text": "Doctor Strange Stephen Vincent Strange , M.D. is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . Created by artist Steve Ditko and writer Stan Lee , the character first appeared in Strange Tales # 110 ( cover-dated July 1963 ) . Doctor Strange serves as the Sorcerer Supreme , the primary protector of Earth against magical and mystical threats . Inspired by stories of black magic and Chandu the Magician , Strange was created during the Silver Age of Comics to bring a different kind of character and themes of mysticism to Marvel Comics . The character 's origin story relates that he was once a brilliant but egotistical surgeon . After a car accident severely damages his hands and hinders his ability to perform surgery , he searches the globe for a way to repair them and encounters the Ancient One . After becoming one of the old Sorcerer Supreme 's students , he becomes a practitioner of both the mystical arts as well as martial arts . Along with knowing many powerful spells , he has a costume with two mystical objects -- the Cloak of Levitation and Eye of Agamotto -- which give him added powers . Strange is aided along the way by his friend and valet , Wong , and a large assortment of mystical objects . He takes up residence in a mansion called the Sanctum Sanctorum , located in New York City . Later , Strange takes the title of Sorcerer Supreme . In 2008 , Doctor Strange was ranked 83rd in Wizards `` 200 Greatest Comic Book Characters of All Time '' list , and in 2012 was ranked 33rd in IGN 's list of `` The Top 50 Avengers '' . He was also ranked 38th on IGN 's list of `` Top 100 Comic Book Heroes '' . The character was first portrayed in live-action by Peter Hooten in the 1978 television film Dr. Strange . Benedict Cumberbatch stars as the character in the Marvel Cinematic Universe , first appearing in the role in the 2016 film Doctor Strange .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4f738ceb76bf790a270d413b3e4c3c18", "text": "Abnormal psychology Abnormal psychology is the branch of psychology that studies unusual patterns of behavior , emotion and thought , which may or may not be understood as precipitating a mental disorder . Although many behaviors could be considered as abnormal , this branch of psychology generally deals with behavior in a clinical context . There is a long history of attempts to understand and control behavior deemed to be aberrant or deviant ( statistically , functionally , morally or in some other sense ) , and there is often cultural variation in the approach taken . The field of abnormal psychology identifies multiple causes for different conditions , employing diverse theories from the general field of psychology and elsewhere , and much still hinges on what exactly is meant by `` abnormal '' . There has traditionally been a divide between psychological and biological explanations , reflecting a philosophical dualism in regard to the mind body problem . There have also been different approaches in trying to classify mental disorders . Abnormal includes three different categories ; they are subnormal , supernormal and paranormal . The science of abnormal psychology studies two types of behaviors : adaptive and maladaptive behaviors . Behaviors that are maladaptive suggest that some problem ( s ) exist , and can also imply that the individual is vulnerable and can not cope with environmental stress , which is leading them to have problems functioning in daily life . Clinical psychology is the applied field of psychology that seeks to assess , understand and treat psychological conditions in clinical practice . The theoretical field known as ` abnormal psychology ' may form a backdrop to such work , but clinical psychologists in the current field are unlikely to use the term ` abnormal ' in reference to their practice . Psychopathology is a similar term to abnormal psychology but has more of an implication of an underlying pathology ( disease process ) , and as such is a term more commonly used in the medical specialty known as psychiatry .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8cb440fcc8c7cc8020567f5bcaac085d", "text": "Psychic vampire A psychic vampire is a mythological creature said to feed off the `` life force '' of other living creatures . Psychic vampires are represented in the occult beliefs of various cultures and in fiction .", "title": "" } ]	fever
83570d45ce958048a90da3df95c03d79	Nepal is 21 kilometers away from Bangladesh.	[ { "docid": "61e008aaaba6800f4e2fb667c3e2009e", "text": "Nepal fi Nepal ( -LSB- Nepālhelp = no -RSB- -RCB- -RCB- -LSB- neˈpal -RSB- ) , officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal , is a landlocked central Himalayan country in South Asia . Nepal is divided into 7 provinces and 75 districts and 744 local units including 4 metropolises , 13 sub-metropolises , 246 municipal councils and 481 villages . It has a population of 26.4 million and is the 93rd largest country by area . Bordering China in the north and India in the south , east , and west , it is the largest sovereign Himalayan state . Nepal does not border Bangladesh , which is located within only 27 km ( 17 mi ) of its southeastern tip . Neither does it border Bhutan due to the Indian state of Sikkim being located in between . Nepal has a diverse geography , including fertile plains , subalpine forested hills , and eight of the world 's ten tallest mountains , including Mount Everest , the highest point on Earth . Kathmandu is the nation 's capital and largest city . It is a multiethnic nation with Nepali as the official language . The territory of Nepal has a recorded history since the Neolithic age . The name `` Nepal '' is first recorded in texts from the Vedic Age , the era which founded Hinduism , the predominant religion of the country . In the middle of the first millennium BCE , Gautama Buddha , the founder of Buddhism , was born in southern Nepal . Parts of northern Nepal were intertwined with the culture of Tibet . The Kathmandu Valley in central Nepal became known as Nepal proper because of its complex urban civilisation . It was the seat of the prosperous Newar confederacy known as Nepal Mandala . The Himalayan branch of the ancient Silk Road was dominated by the valley 's traders . The cosmopolitan region developed distinct traditional art and architecture . By the 18th century , the Gorkha Kingdom achieved the unification of Nepal . The Shah dynasty established the Kingdom of Nepal and later formed an alliance with the British Empire , under its Rana dynasty of premiers . The country was never colonised but served as a buffer state between Imperial China and Colonial India . In the 20th century , Nepal ended its isolation and forged strong ties with regional powers . Parliamentary democracy was introduced in 1951 , but was twice suspended by Nepalese monarchs in 1960 and 2005 . The Nepalese Civil War resulted in the proclamation of a republic in 2008 , ending the reign of the world 's last Hindu monarchy . Modern Nepal is a federal secular parliamentary republic . It has seven states . Nepal is a developing nation , ranking 144th on the Human Development Index ( HDI ) in 2016 . The country struggles with the transition from a monarchy to a republic . It also suffers from high levels of hunger and poverty . Despite these challenges , Nepal is making steady progress , with the government declaring its commitment to elevate the nation from least developed country status by 2022 . Nepal also has a vast potential to generate hydropower for export . Nepal 's foreign relations expanded after the Anglo-Nepal Treaty of 1923 , which was recognised by the League of Nations . After a Soviet veto in 1949 , Nepal was admitted to the United Nations in 1955 . Friendship treaties were signed with the Dominion of India in 1950 and the People 's Republic of China in 1960 . Nepal hosts the permanent secretariat of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation ( SAARC ) , of which it is a founding member . Nepal is also a member of the Non Aligned Movement and the Bay of Bengal Initiative . The military of Nepal is the fifth largest in South Asia and is notable for its Gurkha history , particularly during the world wars , and has been a significant contributor to United Nations peacekeeping operations .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "a56ec8569d785569260fde2af60bee22", "text": "Thamel Thamel is a commercial neighbourhood in Kathmandu , the capital of Nepal . Thamel has been the centre of the tourist industry in Kathmandu for over four decades , starting from the hippie days when many artists came to Nepal and spent weeks in Thamel . Even though Thamel has been referred to as a `` ghetto '' by some , many low-budget travellers consider it a hot-spot for tourism . Thamel is distinguished by its narrow alleys crowded with various shops and vendors . Commonly sold goods include food , fresh vegetables/fruits , pastries , trekking gear , walking gear , music , DVDs , handicrafts , souvenirs , woolens , and clothes . Travel agencies , small grocery stores , budget hotels and restaurants also line the streets . Cars , cycle rickshaws , two-wheelers and taxis ply these narrow streets alongside hundreds of pedestrians . There are many restaurants in Thamel that serve traditional and continental cuisine , although prices are significantly higher than in non-tourist areas . Thamel also acts as the pre-base camp for mountaineers . It boasts a wide range of mountaineering gear shops , foreign money exchange booths , mobile phone shops , pubs , clubs , and nightlife along with the numerous travel agents and guest houses . Thamel is home to a wide range of the Nepalese population , and serves both entertainment and employment purposes . On Wednesday , 28 September 2011 , Thamel was declared a full Wi-Fi zone . It is the first Wi-Fi zone of Nepal .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "47d656a0da0b91887fe493fa2a167425", "text": "Bangladesh–North Korea relations Bangladesh -- North Korea relations refer to the bilateral relations between Bangladesh and North Korea .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d442e97c2ce45d71e68a95be4161adb0", "text": "Singalila Ridge The Singalila Ridge is a north-south mountain ridge running from northwestern West Bengal through Sikkim in the Indian part of the Himalayas . The district of Ilam in Nepal falls on the western part of this ridge . The ridge separates mountain ranges of West Bengal from other Himalayan ranges to its west . The two highest peaks of West Bengal , Sandakphu ( 3636 m ) and Phalut ( 3600 m ) are located on the ridge . The Singalila National Park encompasses the ridge . It is noted for its views of Kanchenjunga and Mount Everest . The trek from Manebhanjan to Sandakphu and Phalut is popular amongst adventure travelers , as is mountain biking .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7e1c22a95da5373c85938cc30a6aa777", "text": "Goalpara region Goalpara region , largely congruous to the historical undivided Goalpara district , is a region that is associated with the people and culture of Goalpara . It is bounded on the north by Bhutan , on the east by the Kamrup region , in the south by Meghalaya and in the west by Cooch Behar and Jalpaiguri in West Bengal and Rangpur in Bangladesh . The natural landmarks are : Sankosh and Brahmaputra rivers on the west , the Manas river on the east in the north bank , and a corresponding region in the south bank ; the Garo Hills in the south and Bhutan Hills in the north .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "019eec773d6bfc017fd93d1b943a692f", "text": "Transport in Nepal Nepal is a landlocked Himalayan country where transportation is difficult due to mountainous terrain . Nevertheless , there are some transport medium like road transportation and water transportation . Being a landlocked hilly country , road transportation is the only way to make easy travelling in Nepal . However , cable transport is an emerging transport mode in Nepal . Manakamana Cable Car and Chandragiri Cable Car are two cable transport providers in Nepal .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a0c1f3dd5efb59cff9a3fa9ccbdc2d12", "text": "Kohalpur Kohalpur is a municipality in Banke District in the Bheri Zone in mid-western Nepal . The municipality was established on 18 May 2014 merging the existing two Village Development Committees i.e. Rajhena and Kohalpur . The town is in East-West highway and one of the fastest developing places in Nepal . A neighboring city Nepalgunj is on South ( 16 km ) , with Ghorahi city ( 135 km ) to west in Dang District and further 6 km is the Indian border . In fact it is a growing city in the western region of Nepal . It has a junction to diverse the roadway transport to east , west , north and south from the city . It is accessible by air ( Nepalgunj Airport ) and by road ( 535 km west of Kathmandu ) . This town should n't be confused with another city Kolhapur , situated in Maharashtra state , India .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c32ad3f0198ab3580206c8c3ff92de2c", "text": "Narma, Paschim Medinipur Narma is a village . Its earlier name was Larma . It is situated at Paschim Medinipur district in West Bengal , India . It is at a distance of 45 km ( approx ) from Kharagpur town . It is almost half of way between the road ( 22 km ) , joining Makhrampur and Temathani . This road passes through it , dividing it into almost two equal parts . Balichak is the nearest railway station which is at a distance 30 km . It is the birthplace of Srila Bhakti Kumud Santa Maharaja . He was a great monk . The founder of - Acharya of Sri Gauranga Math ( Kesiary ) , Sri Chaitanya Ashram ( Kharagpur , Puri , Calcutta ) and Sri Gaur Saraswat Santa Gaudiya Math ( Chhekati and Baradiya ) . This village gave birth of several freedom fighters , monks , musicians , doctors , engineers , scientists , politicians , etc. .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "04249aeaa31d9a224a06c1d78644d0de", "text": "Nepal national cricket team The Nepal National Cricket Team is the team that represents Nepal in international cricket . They have been an Associate Member of the International Cricket Council since 1996 , having previously been an Affiliate Member since 1988 . Nepal were awarded Twenty20 International status by the ICC in June 2014 . Nepal made their maiden appearance in the ICC global event at the 2014 ICC World Twenty20 in Bangladesh . They have been participating in international matches since 1996 , including every ACC Trophy tournaments except 2015 ACC Twenty20 Cup in UAE , where they did n't participate . Nepal also participated in ICC World Cup Qualifier in 2001 and 2014 , ICC World Twenty20 Qualifier in 2012 , 2013 and 2015 , ICC Intercontinental Cup in 2004 and 2005 , ACC Fast Track Countries Tournament in 2004 , 2005 and 2006 , ACC Twenty20 Cup in 2007 , 2009 , 2011 and 2013 , Asian Games in 2010 and 2014 and ACC Premier League in 2014 . Unlike some other smaller cricketing nations , where teams are largely made up of expatriates , Nepal 's national team comprises indigenous players who have usually come through the ranks playing age-group cricket . '", "title": "" }, { "docid": "97be87da2a3409220a74298ebf518bdf", "text": "Limbuwan Limbuwan is an area of the Himalaya historically made up of 10 Limbu kingdoms , all now part of Nepal . Limbuwan means `` abode of the Limbus '' or `` Land of the Limbus '' . Limbus themselves call Limbuwan `` Yakthung Laaje '' or `` the country of the Yakthungs '' ( see History of Limbuwan ) . Today , Limbuwan comprises the districts of Taplejung , Panchthar , Ilam , Jhapa , Terhathum , Sankhuwasabha , Dhankuta , Sunsari and Morang . Limbuwan is the land east of the Arun and Koshi Rivers and west of Kanchenjunga Mountain and the Mechi River . The seat of power is Kathmandu and western Nepalese refer to Limbuwan as the Pallo Kirant region or far Kirant , due to its distance from Kathmandu .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5e7180920f616be41a3ede211d8692e8", "text": "International recognition of Bangladesh The Bangladesh Liberation War ( মুক্তিযুদ্ধ Muktijuddho ) was a revolutionary independence war in South Asia during 1971 which established the republic of Bangladesh . The war pitted East Pakistan against West Pakistan , and lasted over a duration of nine months . It witnessed large-scale atrocities , the exodus of 10 million refugees and the displacement of 30 million people . The war broke out on 26 March 1971 , when the Pakistani Army launched a military operation called Operation Searchlight against Bengali civilians , students , intelligentsia and armed personnel , who were demanding that the Pakistani military junta accept the results of the 1970 first democratic elections of Pakistan , which were won by an eastern party , or to allow separation between East and West Pakistan . Bengali politicians and army officers announced the declaration of Bangladesh 's independence in response to Operation Searchlight . Bengali military , paramilitary and civilians formed the Mukti Bahini ( মুক্তি বাহিনী `` Liberation Army '' ) , which engaged in guerrilla warfare against Pakistani forces . The Pakistan Army , in collusion with religious extremist militias ( the Razakars , Al-Badr and Al-Shams ) , engaged in the systematic genocide and atrocities of Bengali civilians , particularly nationalists , intellectuals , youth and religious minorities . Bangladesh government-in-exile was set up in the city of Calcutta ( now Kolkata ) in the Indian State of West Bengal . India entered the war on 3 December 1971 , after Pakistan launched pre-emptive air strikes on northern India . Overwhelmed by two war fronts , Pakistani defences soon collapsed . On 16 December , the Allied Forces of Bangladesh and India defeated Pakistan in the east . The subsequent surrender resulted in the largest number of prisoners-of-war since World War II .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca386aed322cb37c55483f5227cd34e9", "text": "Bhutan News Service Bhutan News Service , abbreviated as BNS , is the first news agency of Bhutan . It is run as an independent news agency by Bhutanese refugee journalists since 2004 from Kathmandu , the capital city of Nepal . This is , probably , first of its kind considering a very few refugee media or journalism in exile . The agency is solely operated by refugees who are mostly born or brought up in refugee camps and without previous media experiences . When over 100,000 of Bhutanese refugees started taking shelter in UN-administered refugee camps of Jhapa and Morang districts in eastern part of Nepal , there was a need of a vocal media in the refugee community . Several attempts were made by persons of various backgrounds to keep the journalism works going . However , survival of those media was not easy due to lack of funding , and they died one after the other . The Bhutan News Service was founded in 2004 by a small group of Bhutanese refugee youths , who during the time believed that journalism was a noble means to keep community informed and continue advocating the refugee issue . Most of the exiled publications were shut down , in particular following crunch financial assistance and or due to lack of human resources to continue volunteering without anything in return . Therefore , the news service emerged in as an alternative means to replace most of those publications , if not all . Initially , the works were limited to simply blogging . From 2006 , BNS went online through its own news portal . ″ APFA initiated a joint effort for press freedom and called on two other media organizations working for press freedom in Bhutan and operating in exile . Thus a conference was held in eastern Nepal making a historic declaration vowing to expedite fight for press freedom . The first media conference adopted `` Declaration Dé Exile '' . The declaration also accepted the APFA proposal to accept Bhutan News Service as the common and first news agency of Bhutan , but operating from exile . ″ Currently , around two dozens of reporters and over half a dozen of editors from various countries contribute for the news service on voluntary basis . The news agency has not been legally registered since Nepalese laws do not entertain registration of any entity owned and run by foreign nationals in Nepalese soil . ″ Unfortunately , we are not a registered entity yet . While most of our members were based in the capital city of Nepal for years , we made several attempts to get it registered in Nepal , but to no avail . We are , however , in the course of getting it registered preferably in USA since most of our members are based there and a vast majority of the Bhutanese have gotten resettled in the same place . ″", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d74031c0c09c083e875ff0302f621dd", "text": "Bhojpur, Nepal Bhojpur Municipality is a town in Eastern Nepal . It was established on 18 May 2014 merging the existing Bhaisipankha , Bokhim , Bhojpur , Taksar Village Development Committees It is the district headquarters of Bhojpur district , a hilly/mountainous district in Kosi Zone . At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 5823 people living in 1199 households . Bhojpur bazaar is home to many Newar businessmen as well as skilled Newar craftsmen , and is famous for its metalwork , particularly khukuri knives . Other major towns in the district include Dingla to the north , Ghoretar to the south , and Taksar near the airstrip , from where flights connect to Biratnagar and Kathmandu . A road is currently under construction to link Bhojpur bazaar with Hile , Dhankuta , Dharan , and the rest of Nepal 's North-South Koshi Highway . Historically it is a part of Majh Kirat ( middle Kirat / Khambuwan ) , and used to be called `` east number 4 '' . Middle Kirat consists mainly of Bhojpur and Khotang districts , the traditional home of kirat Rai people , an indigenous ethnic group of Nepal . In addition to Rais , other ethnic groups include Magars , Gurungs , and Tamangs , as well as castes like Chhetris , Bahuns , and Dalits . Bhojpur was recently the site of a major incident involving Maoist rebels and the Nepali national security forces on March 3 , 2004 . An estimated 1,500 Maoists attacked the camps of the security forces at the district headquarters . This incident was the most serious one since the Maoists called off the cease-fire on August 24 , 2003 . 32 security personnel were killed ( both army and police ) , as well as 42 Maoists rebels , including some women . The telephone tower and the buildings of the District Administrative Office were completely destroyed , while those buildings housing the District Land Revenue Office , Rashtriya Banijya Bank and some private houses were partially destroyed . Tensions between Maoists and security forces emerged in February 2001 when the Bhojpur VDC headquarters were destroyed . The Khumbuwan Liberation Front ( KLF ) , destroyed the 250-kilowatt micro-hydropower project built by the Chinese on the Pikhuwa river on January 26 , 2002 . On April 18 , 2002 , a group of 50-60 rebels destroyed the airport tower by breaking through the gate of the tower , setting it ablaze by pouring kerosene , and destroying important devices by hurling a powerful bomb . Several minor skirmishes had also occurred in northern areas of the district , leading up to the deadly clash in March 2004 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d491e56e926f0e1fec41262dbae0e177", "text": "Kalapani territory See Cellular Jail for the prison associated with the Indian freedom movement Kalapani ( Hindi/Nepali : कालापानी ) is a disputed territory between India and Nepal administered however as part of Pithoragarh district in the Uttarakhand state of India . The origin of Mahakali River ( Sharda River in India ) it is situated on the Kailash Manasarovar route , at an altitude of 3600 meters . It is said that the Great Sage Vyasa meditated at this place , giving the region its name - Vyas Valley , locally called '' `` Byans Valley '' '' . A pool by the temple of the Goddess Kali is considered to by some to be the source of the Kali River . A verdant valley covered with Pine , Bhojpatra and Juniper trees , it offers stunning views of some of the lesser known peaks like Om Parvat in the Central Himalayas . Lipulekh Pass leading into Tibet is 17 kilometers from Kalapani . Although claimed by Nepal as part of Darchula District , Kalapani is controlled by India 's Indo-Tibetan border security forces since the 1962 border war with China . Nepal claims that the river to the west of Kalapani is main Kali , hence it belongs to Nepal . But India claims that ridgeline to the east of Kalapani is the border , hence the Kalapani area belongs to India . The Kalapani area borders the Nepalese zone of Mahakali and the Indian state of Uttarakhand . The Sugauli Treaty signed by Nepal and British India in 1816 locates the Kali River as Nepal 's western boundary with India and makes no mention of ridgelines . Subsequent maps drawn by British surveyors show the source of the boundary river at different places . This discrepancy in locating the source of the river led to boundary disputes between India and Nepal , with each country producing maps supporting their own claims . The Kalapani River runs through an area that includes a disputed area of about 400 km ² around the source of the river although the exact size of the disputed area varies from source to source .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2145493e456e716c1a78407ecf5c9b7c", "text": "Gandaki River The Gandaki River ( also known as the Narayani in southern Nepal and the Gandak in India ) is one of the major rivers of Nepal and a left bank tributary of the Ganges in India . In Nepal the river is notable for its deep gorge through the Himalayas and its enormous hydroelectric potential . It has a total catchment area of 46300 km2 , most of it in Nepal . The basin also contains three of the world 's 14 mountains over 8000 m , Dhaulagiri , Manaslu and Annapurna I. Dhaulagiri is the highest point of the Gandaki basin . It lies between the similar Kosi system to the east and the Karnali ( Ghaghara ) system to the west .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2cc316af1c8cbff03c82a013b0196591", "text": "Gauriganj, Nepal Gauriganj गौरीगञ्ज is a village and village development committee in the SW corner of Jhapa District in the Mechi Zone of south-eastern Nepal . It is in a flat agricultural district in the extreme SE of Nepal , between Kadamgachhi and Hukkagachhi , and only about 3 km from the border with Bihar , India .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "06222991bfac8dc4ee8753ec1c9eecd9", "text": "Israel–Nepal relations Israel -- Nepal relations , established on 1 June 1960 , are the relations between Israel and Nepal making Nepal one of the first Asian countries to have diplomatic ties with Israel . Bishweshwar Prasad Koirala , Prime Minister of Nepal from 1959 to 1960 , had a strongly pro-Israel foreign policy . Various head of states , including king , head of government , ministers etc. have visited Israel and continued his foreign policy . Except for a brief 9 months period of Maoist government in Nepal , all other Nepalese government in general have had a strongly pro-Israel foreign policy . However , Nepal is not one of the nations that refrained from allowing Palestine an observer status unlike nations such as the United States , Australia , Canada , Israel , Marshall Islands , Micronesia , Palau , Panama , Czech Republic , and Nauru .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cc14fdd61ca1836374a934d972c8582b", "text": "Mahottari District Mahottari District ( -LSB- : ne : महोत्तरी जिल्ला , महोत्तरी जिल्ला -RSB- , ) , a part of Province No. 2 , is one of the seventy-five districts of Nepal . The district , with Jaleshwar as its district headquarters , covers an area of 1,002 km ² and had a population of 553,481 in 2001 and 627,580 in 2011 . Its headquarters is located in Jaleshwar , a neighbouring town of the historical city of Janakpur . The name Jaleshwar means the ` God in Water ' . One can find a famous temple of Lord Shiva in Water there . Jaleshwar lies at a few kilometres distance from the Nepal-India border and has a majority of Maithili people . In janakpur zone there are two districts ; mahottari and dhanusha and both are in a distance of 1 hour .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0aceb883b44381cd48caca65701800e2", "text": "United Mission to Nepal The United Mission to Nepal ( UNM ) was established in 1954 as a co-operative missionary endeavour between the people of Nepal and a number of Christian groups working along the border in India . The mission has grown to include a large group of Christian organisations from 18 countries in four different continents , who seek to `` serve the people of Nepal , particularly those who live in poverty . . inspired by the love and teachings of Jesus Christ . '' Several remarkable coincidences led to the formation of the United Mission to Nepal . During the 1951 revolution fighting had taken place just over the border from Raxaul and wounded combatants from both sides were treated at Duncan Hospital . As a result of this service , Dr Trevor Strong and Ernest Oliver were invited to visit Kathmandu after the revolution . They walked for several days and whilst in Kathmandu had an interview with B.P. Koirala , the Home Minister in His Majesty 's Government of Nepal ( HMGN ) , to explore the possibility of mission work . They were told that medical and educational work would be welcome , but open preaching prohibited . ( Pritchard 1973:91 ) These discussions dovetailed with a separate approach by the authorities in Tansen , a large hill-town half way between Nautanwa and Pokhara , to American missionaries Bob and Bethel Fleming and Carl and Betty Friedericks ( representing Methodist and Presbyterian missions ) . Contact had been made as a result of ornithological trips into Nepal in October 1949 and the winter of 1951 -- 52 during which medical assistance had been given to the people of Tansen . Eventually a letter came from S.K. Dikshit in the Department of Foreign Affairs , permitting a hospital in Tansen and clinics in Kathmandu . ( Lindell 1979 : 140-142 ) Lindell rightly refers to the foundation of UMN as `` some of the finest missionary statesmanship that has been exercised in the modern missionary movement ... the mistakes seen in India and other countries resulting from competition and independent action by denominational and separate organisations should not be repeated in Nepal . '' ( 1979:143 ) Methodist Bishop J.W. Pickett circulated an invitation letter from HMGN to other missions associated with the NBF in conjunction with the National Christian Council ( NCC ) of India with a view to `` establishing a Christian mission in Nepal on the widest possible cooperative basis , a combined interdenominational and international approach . '' ( Lindell 1979:144 ) The NCC endorsed this and the United Christian Mission to Nepal was founded in Nagpur in March 1954 . There were eight founding missions . Bishop Pickett was the founding President of the Board and Ernest Oliver the first Executive Secretary . The Flemings had already commenced medical work in Kathmandu in January 1954 , and the Friedericks began medical work in Tansen in June 1954 , but the work quickly expanded and diversified into other areas , such as education and development of hydropower . The activities of the UMN have been clearly defined in five-yearly agreements , in the past with HMGN , and now with the Government of Nepal . There have always been clear prohibitions on proselytising , but the Christian nature of UMN and the personal faith of its workers is known and accepted . `` The Mission takes the terms seriously ... and has learned that its stay in Nepal rests on a mixture of invitation , permission and mutual agreement ; that it is temporary ... that it is in partnership with Nepali society . '' ( Lindell 1979:200 )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2ecc8b9100a4bbc9a76f0584aa060d3a", "text": "Stranded Pakistanis in Bangladesh Stranded Pakistanis in Bangladesh ( -LSB- , উদ্বাস্তু পাকিস্তানী ) are Urdu-speaking Muslim migrants with homelands in present-day India and Pakistan who settled in East Pakistan ( now Bangladesh ) following the partition of India in 1947 . This identification can encompass several groups of people . First among them is `` Bihari Muslims '' . Although most of this population belonged to State of Bihar in India there are many from other Indian states such as U.P. ( United Provinces or later Uttar Pradesh ) . There are still others who had settled in what is now known as Bangladesh in the late 19th century . The second term of reference for this group coined by themselves after creation of Bangladesh is `` Stranded Pakistanis '' . In Urdu media in Pakistan and elsewhere this was translated as `` Mehsooreen '' or the `` Besieged '' . Another common term is `` Non-Bengalis '' , which includes not only the Urdu-speaking but also Punjabis , Pathans and Baloch living in Bangladesh . Henceforth any of the above terms may be used to identify this group depending on the context and history . Biharis were stateless until 2008 when a judgement by the Dhaka High Court gave them right of citizenship . The judgement does not cover refugees who were adults at the time of Bangladesh Liberation War . In March 2015 , Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Pakistan said that more than 170,000 Biharis had been repatriated to Pakistan and the remaining ` stranded Pakistanis ' are not its responsibility but rather the responsibility of Bangladesh .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c12d52f0d0e071ce7a11c9e6accb4176", "text": "1997 Chittagong earthquake The 1997 Chittagong earthquake ( also known as the Bandarban earthquake ) occurred on November 21 at 11:23 UTC in the Bangladesh-India-Myanmar border region . It had a magnitude of Mw 6.1 . The epicenter was located in southern Mizoram , India . No fatalities were reported there , but 23 people were killed in Chittagong when a five story building collapsed in Bangladesh . The shaking could also be felt in Dhaka .", "title": "" } ]	fever
f720e2c56ef98edcbaab3e09361dc673	Destiny was released for a gaming console.	[ { "docid": "75d633d28e7501e0c607097202f66211", "text": "Destiny (video game) Destiny is an online-only multiplayer first-person shooter video game developed by Bungie and published by Activision . It was released worldwide on September 9 , 2014 , for the PlayStation 3 , PlayStation 4 , Xbox 360 , and Xbox One consoles . Destiny marked Bungie 's first new console franchise since the Halo series , and it is the first game in a ten-year agreement between Bungie and Activision . Set in a `` mythic science fiction '' world , the game features a multiplayer `` shared-world '' environment with elements of role-playing games . Activities in Destiny are divided among player versus environment ( PvE ) and player versus player ( PvP ) game types . In addition to normal story missions , PvE features three-player `` strikes '' and six-player raids . A free roam patrol mode is also available for each planet and features public events . PvP features objective-based modes , as well as traditional deathmatch game modes . Players take on the role of a Guardian , protectors of Earth 's last safe city as they wield a power called Light to protect the City from different alien races . Guardians are tasked with reviving a celestial being called the Traveler , while journeying to different planets to investigate and destroy the alien threats before humanity is completely wiped out . Bungie released four expansion packs , furthering the story , and adding new content , missions , and new PvP modes . Year One of Destiny featured two small expansions , The Dark Below in December 2014 and House of Wolves in May 2015 . A third , larger expansion , The Taken King , was released in September 2015 and marked the beginning of Year Two , changing much of the core gameplay . In December 2015 , Destiny shifted to an event-based model , featuring more limited-time events . A new , large expansion called Rise of Iron was released in September 2016 , beginning Year Three . Rise of Iron was only released for the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One ; PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 clients subsequently stopped receiving updates . A full sequel , Destiny 2 , is scheduled for September 2017 . Upon its release , Destiny received mixed to positive reviews with criticism centered mostly around the game 's storyline and post-campaign content . The game was praised for maintaining lineage from the Halo franchise , particularly in regards to its competitive experiences . On day one of its release , it sold over US$ 500 million at retail , making it the biggest new franchise launch of all time . It was GamesRadar 's 2014 Game of the Year and it received the BAFTA Award for Best Game at the 2014 British Academy Video Games Awards .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "4331aadfb2c5b7670cbdffc899280daf", "text": "Gears of War: Judgment Gears of War : Judgment is a 2013 military science fiction third-person shooter video game , developed by Epic Games with additional work by People Can Fly and published by Microsoft Studios for the Xbox 360 in North America on 19 March 2013 , with subsequent regions following later that month . It is the fourth entry of the Gears of War series . It is also the last Gears of War game to be developed by Epic Games before Microsoft acquired the franchise in January 2014 , and the final Gears of War game to be released on the Xbox 360 . On 4 June 2012 , Microsoft officially announced the development of Gears of War : Judgment at the company 's press conference during the Electronic Entertainment Expo 2012 , before releasing a debut trailer and demonstrating the upcoming multiplayer features . Prior to Microsoft 's announcement , video game journalists had already determined that the chronology of events in Gears of War : Judgment would pre-date that of the other releases in the franchise , and that the prequel would feature Damon Baird and Augustus Cole as protagonists . Gears of War : Judgement received favorable reactions from critics , albeit less positive than its predecessors . Critics cited the game 's multiplayer mode , visuals and action as strengths , but criticized the single-player campaign 's narrative and length , as well as the game 's failure to innovate the series ' gameplay . By August 2013 it sold over 1 million copies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "115583d5a52178a639c13eeddc157f1a", "text": "Darksiders Darksiders is an action role-playing hack and slash video game developed by Vigil Games and published by THQ . The game takes its inspiration from the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse , with the player taking the role of the horseman War . The game was released for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 on January 5 , 2010 in North America , January 7 in Australia , January 8 in Europe , and March 18 in Japan . The Microsoft Windows version was released in North America and Australia on September 23 , and in Europe on September 24 . A parallel sequel , Darksiders II , was released on August 14 , 2012 . An enhanced version of the game titled Darksiders : Warmastered Edition was released on November 29 , 2016 for Microsoft Windows , and on November 22 for PlayStation 4 and Xbox One . A Wii U version was released on May 23 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "651849f103a73b62b8ce5c1b1dfffe87", "text": "Red Annihilation Red Annihilation was a Quake competitive eSport event held in May 1997 that was one of the first nationwide video game competition held in the United States . In the final match of the tournament , Dennis `` Thresh '' Fong defeated Tom `` Entropy '' Kimzey of Impulse 9 on the map Castle of the Damned . For winning the event , Fong was awarded John D. Carmack 's 1987 Ferrari 328 GTS cabriolet as the grand prize . The tournament was created first as Kings of Capture Quake Tournament started by Michael `` Hawthorne '' Shearon , after contacting Intergraph for possible sponsorship the tournament was folded into what became Red Annihilation . The tournament was then developed and organized by Rob Esterling , executive director overseeing Intergraph Computer Systems 's commercial and consumer graphics group , and his Intergraph team including Jim Terzian , the tournament 's director and Victor Johnson , the team 's Art Director . In 1996 , Microsoft 's DirectX group hosted game competitions , first at the Computer Game Developers Conference , then as a separate event , selecting the players and flying them in to compete . These Microsoft-hosted competitions might be seen as the first nationwide video game competitions held in the United States , as players came from throughout the country . When a further Microsoft DirectX-organized event , intended to be held at Naval Air Station Alameda , was cancelled , Intergraph announced it would host a tournament that would be an open , national computer game competition and chose Quake as the game to be played . Intergraph brought in Quake developer id Software , 3D computer graphics chipset maker Rendition , and online gaming company Mpath Interactive as partners in Red Annihilation . Will Bryant and Frank Cabanski of the Quake ClanRing were selected to operate the game competition because of their prior pioneering experience running large scale gaming tournaments . The initial phase of the tournament was held on Mpath 's MPlayer network with over 2000 participants from across the United States competing online in one-on-one matches . The top 16 players were flown to Atlanta , Georgia for the concluding phase of the tournament , where they competed inside the World Congress Center in a gaming arena Intergraph built on the floor of the Electronic Entertainment Expo ( E3 ) . This phase of the competition used vQuake , the hardware accelerated version of the game , played on Intergraph PC computers equipped with Rendition V1000-based Intense3D graphics accelerators . Players were able to use their own keyboards , mice and other pointing devices if they wished . As E3 was at the time an industry exhibition open to the trade only , most spectators watched the final competitions online via in-game cameras orchestrated by Bryant and Cabanski . The final morning of the tournament was also covered from the show floor by NBC 's Today and The Wall Street Journal . It was discovered during the award ceremony that tournament winner Fong , a student at De Anza College , would not be able to drive his prize as he was not insured for such a vehicle . Carmack agreed to underwrite Fong 's insurance for a year so the latter could enjoy his new car .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f3dce44f2afab363b83731b3fafcb353", "text": "Fan translation of video games In video gaming , a fan translation is an unofficial translation of a computer game or video game made by fans . The fan translation practice grew with the rise of video game console emulation in the late 1990s . A community of people developed that were interested in replaying and modifying the games they played in their youth . The knowledge and tools that came out of this community allowed them to work with translators to localize video game titles that had never been available outside of their original country of origin . Fan translations of video game console games are usually accomplished by modifying a single binary ROM image of the game . Fan translations of PC games , on the other hand , can involve translation of many binary files throughout the game 's directory which are packaged and distributed as fan patch . In dealing with translations of console games , a console emulator is generally utilized to play the final product , although unofficial hardware , hardware mods or software mods can be used to run the translated ROM image on its native hardware .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bac24f0d4755a6a6cc2620fda97106dc", "text": "Realm of the Mad God Realm of the Mad God is a massively multiplayer online shooter video game created by Wild Shadow Studios ( acquired by Kabam in June 2012 , and later sold to Deca Games in July 2016 ) and Spry Fox . It was in public beta from January 2010 and the browser version launched on June 20 , 2011 . On February 20 , 2012 the game was made available on the digital distribution platform Steam for Microsoft Windows and OS X. The game has been described as a `` massively-multiplayer cooperative bullet hell shooter '' with an 8 bit pixelated art style . Players control characters who have been transported to the realm of Oryx ( the titular Mad God ) to become food for his many minions and abominations , which the players must dispatch . Central to the design of the game is the fact that character death is permanent . Upon death , the player 's character is lost along with all carried equipment , although the player may store a number of items for safekeeping in a limited capacity vault away from danger . Different character choices in class also help make the game more diverse and help to support teamwork . The game is free-to-play with optional in-game micro-transactions . Items which can be bought with optional transactions vary from high-level equipment , pets that provide aid to the player ( by attacking enemies , paralyzing enemies , healing the character , restoring the character 's magic points , and acting as a decoy ) , increased storage space , and aesthetic features such as skins , cloths and dyes . This game client is written in Flash and can be played in-browser on the official site , on Kongregate , or it can be downloaded from the Google Chrome Web Store .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ff6245cc84b8574421d8ad783e5b00e4", "text": "Chariot (video game) Chariot is a co-op platform game for the PlayStation 4 , PlayStation 3 , Xbox One , Wii U and Microsoft Windows developed and published by Frima Studio , with the participation of the Canada Media Fund . It was first released on September 30 , 2014 and was launched on Xbox One the next day as part of the Xbox Live Games with Gold program . Chariot differs from most traditional Platform game as the objective is to lug around an object , the Chariot , to the end of each level . To do so , the players have to use physics-based mechanics such as pushing and pulling , adding a layer of Puzzle to the game .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fa49f3eb2aaa9e6098c2adc17e9a3584", "text": "List of Crystal Dynamics video games Crystal Dynamics is an American video game developer that was founded in 1992 by Judy Lang , Madaline Canepa and Dave Morris . Based in the San Francisco Bay Area , California , Crystal Dynamics was the first licensed developer for Panasonic 's original 3DO console , a gaming hardware platform founded by Kleiner Perkins . Their first release , Crash N Burn , was a launch game for the system and was included as a pack-in game with the console . The 3DO 's launch during the 1993 Christmas season was a commercial failure , severely damaging Crystal Dynamics ' software strategy . In 1994 , the company became a publisher for two new gaming platforms , the PlayStation and the Sega Saturn . The studio was acquired by Eidos Interactive , a British video game publisher , in 1998 . After Square Enix acquired Eidos in 2009 , Crystal Dynamics became a subsidiary of Square Enix . Crystal Dynamics is best known for developing the Legacy of Kain and Gex series . Although the first Legacy of Kain video game was developed by Silicon Knights , Crystal Dynamics gained the rights to the franchise in 1998 and developed four sequels between 1999 and 2003 . In 2003 , the studio took over the development of the best-selling Tomb Raider franchise after its original developer , Core Design , failed to gain critical or commercial success with their later games . Crystal Dynamics ' first Tomb Raider game , Tomb Raider : Legend , became a commercial success with 4.5 million copies sold as of February 2009 . Its sequel , Tomb Raider : Underworld , sold 2.6 million copies and became the first game the studio developed for the PlayStation 3 . Since 2003 , the studio has focused development on the Tomb Raider franchise with the help of other studios such as Buzz Monkey Software and Nixxes Software . Crystal Dynamics has developed five games in the series , encompassing two reboots of the franchise .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2442919c15283120b7770493d2b082a4", "text": "List of Game of the Year awards Game of the Year ( abbreviated GotY ) is a title awarded by various gaming publications to a deserving game . Many publications award a single `` Game of the Year '' to a single title that they feel represents the pinnacle of gaming achievement that year . Many games will release a `` Game of the Year '' edition after winning any of these awards , usually containing all the updates , downloadable content ( DLC ) and occasionally other extras such as a soundtrack .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0f197a5e1830a42fa4ce7422e42ebdd5", "text": "Multiplayer online game A multiplayer online game is a multiplayer video game which can be played via a game server over the internet , with other players around the world . Some prominent examples of this include fighting games ( e.g. Street Fighter IV and Tekken 6 ) , sports games ( e.g. NHL 14 and Grid Autosport ) , older online games ( e.g. Sega Meganet titles ) , first-person shooters ( Battlefield 2 , BZFlag , Call of Duty , Counter-Strike , Quake 3 , Resistance 3 and Unreal Tournament ) , a subgenre of shooter games called hero shooter ( Battleborn , Overwatch and Paladins ) , strategy video games ( e.g. Warcraft 3 and StarCraft or II ) and a subgenre of strategy games called multiplayer online battle arena ( e.g. Defense of the Ancients , League of Legends , Dota 2 and Heroes of the Storm ) . These games differ from massively multiplayer online game ( MMO ) in that they do not create a persistent world , but create a playing arena for the purpose of a single game or round . In other words , they rely on a game listen server used only for that round , and there can be numerous servers all around the world . MMO games on the other hand , rely on dedicated servers , as these games must be running continuously .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dd685e9bb8cadb70e6bb7ef9e2f0b5b8", "text": "Mortal Kombat X Mortal Kombat X is a fighting video game developed by NetherRealm Studios and published by Warner Bros. . Interactive Entertainment . Running on the Unreal Engine 3 , it is the tenth main installment in the Mortal Kombat video game series and a sequel to the 2011 Mortal Kombat . It was released on April 14 , 2015 for Microsoft Windows , PlayStation 4 , and Xbox One . NetherRealm studio 's mobile team developed a version for iOS and Android devices . A version for Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 was in development but was eventually cancelled because NetherRealm could not get the seventh generation of consoles versions to the quality expected of a Mortal Kombat game . High Voltage Studios developed the PC version of the game , with Polish studio QLOC taking over the work on it shortly after the release of Kombat Pack 1 . Like previous Mortal Kombat games , Mortal Kombat Xs gameplay consists of two players , or one player and the CPU , fighting against each other with their selected character , using a large , varied array of character specific attacks . The game contains several modes , such as a story mode , which takes place twenty years after the previous Mortal Kombat game , several ` Tower ' modes , which feature dynamically changing challenges , numerous online modes , and the ` Krypt ' , a mode played in a first-person perspective where players explore the areas unlocking a variety of in-game items . The console versions of Mortal Kombat X received mostly positive reviews from critics upon release . Most praise was directed at the game 's controls , overall gameplay , graphics , story , and characters , with some reviewers calling it the best game in the Mortal Kombat series . However , the PC version of the game was met with mixed reception , with reviewers blaming numerous technical issues ( including frequent crashes and slow netcode ) for severely hindering the experience . Some critics also particularly disliked the tutorials , microtransactions , and downloadable content . Selling more than 5 million copies , the game was the fastest-selling game in the franchise and the ninth best-selling game in 2015 . An upgraded version of Mortal Kombat X , titled Mortal Kombat XL , was released on March 1 , 2016 for PlayStation 4 and Xbox One . This upgrade to the game includes all downloadable content characters from the two released Kombat Packs , almost all bonus alternate costumes available at the time of release , improved gameplay , and improved netcode . This edition was also released for PC on October 4 , 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b1318f23e2e6fabf22ddbe228f6772d7", "text": "Fahrenheit (2005 video game) Fahrenheit ( known as Indigo Prophecy in North America ) is a cinematic interactive drama action-adventure video game developed by Quantic Dream and published by Atari , Inc. for the PlayStation 2 and Xbox . The director 's cut and uncut versions were later released for Microsoft Windows . Fahrenheit has sold over 700,000 units worldwide since it was released in September 2005 and has won several awards . On 4 December 2007 , Atari released the game for Xbox 360 through Xbox Originals . On 8 November 2011 , Quantic Dream released the game uncensored for PC through GOG.com . A remastered version of the game , entitled Fahrenheit : Indigo Prophecy Remastered , was developed and published by Aspyr in January 2015 for Microsoft Windows , OS X , Linux and iOS . A port for the PlayStation 4 , which was developed by International Software Development Group at Sony Interactive Entertainment , was released on 9 August 2016 via PlayStation Network . In this paranormal thriller , New York City experiences a series of mysterious murders that follow the same pattern ; ordinary people become possessed and kill strangers in public . The main characters of the story must uncover the supernatural forces behind these crimes . Publicity was generated from the developer 's rejection of conventional game genre labeling ; preferring to brand it as the first `` interactive film '' rather than an adventure or third-person action title . The game features motion captured animation as well as branching story lines , split screen cameras and an interface designed to be intuitive and realistic . Event triggers in the game are also mainly time-based , as opposed to the more common player-initiated progression found in most games .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "766d61771729377a874ad01dbe3a0f62", "text": "GTR – FIA GT Racing Game GTR -- FIA GT Racing Game is a sports car racing simulator developed by SimBin Studios ( later Sector3 Studios ) for the x86 PC . An Xbox version was announced very early on , but never materialized . In April 2006 , an Xbox 360 version was announced . The Xbox 360 version of the game was to be published by THQ . However , THQ later announced they would no longer be working together with Simbin on the title . Race Pro was released for the Xbox 360 in February 2009 . As a racing simulator , it attempts to recreate real-world physics as accurately as possible , rather than exaggerating speed and handling abilities for the sake of easier gameplay . Some games that compare to the realism featured in GTR include Grand Prix Legends , Live for Speed and F1 Challenge . It has a full license from the FIA for their GT championship , so it features the original FIA GT Series cars and courses . All tracks were constructed from satellite data to improve accuracy , and the developers were helped by many teams in the GT - and NGT-classes . The game engine produces and outputs telemetry data in a format that is usable by the telemetry software i2 by MoTeC -- a software tool used by real racing teams . The game has three modes , one with full realism and the two others with reduced levels of realism for intermediate players and newcomers . The user is provided with a great deal of control over the setup of the car , e.g. dampers , springs , anti-roll bars , gear ratios , wings and brake pressure can be adjusted in detail . Although the user is allowed to map the controls to e.g. a keyboard or joystick/gamepad , a wheel/pedal set is really a requirement for a complete racing experience . GTR fully supports the TrackIR device . StarForce copy protection is used to prevent illegal copies of the game from being produced . Some consider the graphics to be only mediocre whilst others praise the attention to detail in both car modelling and texturing . What is certain is that GTR does lack some effects seen in contemporary games . However , GTR does enable the player to participate in races with over 60 competitors . The game has been criticized numerous times for poor Netcode which often can result in an online game failing during the start . GTR also suffers from virtually no automatic enforcement of rules and regulations , and so `` fair racing '' is only seen by a few on public servers . The open nature of multiplayer sessions makes it easy for a single player to cause disruption for other players , or even to ruin the entire race . Consequently , joining a GTR league or community often proves beneficial for players who wish to participate in clean online racing . GTR 's rating has been suffered by the comparatively long amount of time needed to load a race .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4ad3be9ebe734ed69312c9a57daf9a45", "text": "The Legend of Heroes: A Tear of Vermillion The Legend of Heroes : A Tear of Vermillion , known as in Japan is a role-playing game originally developed by Nihon Falcom Corporation . It is the fourth game in the The Legend of Heroes series , and the second in the `` Gagharv Trilogy '' . This game is a remake of the original game released for the NEC PC-9801 in 1996 . It was also released in 1998 for the PlayStation and a 1999 release for Microsoft Windows PCs . This game was the first US-released Legend of Heroes game since Dragon Slayer : The Legend of Heroes for the TurboGrafx-16 . The US release dropped the number from the title , and was known as simply `` The Legend of Heroes : A Tear of Vermillion '' . Some confusion was caused by the US release of this game . While the remake of The Legend of Heroes IV was the first to be released in the US , the PSP remake of its predecessor , The Legend of Heroes III , had been released several months before it in Japan . The Legend of Heroes III was eventually released in the US in 2006 , with its title changed to The Legend of Heroes II : Prophecy of the Moonlight Witch .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a4cef110ecdb679c24fdcd612673fce", "text": "Gears of War Gears of War is a video game franchise created and originally owned by Epic Games , developed and managed by The Coalition , and owned and published by Microsoft Studios . The series focuses on the conflict between humanity , the subterranean reptilian hominids known as the Locust Horde , and their mutated counterparts , the Lambent & the Swarm . The franchise consists of five third-person shooter video games , which has also been supplemented by a comic book series and five novels . The first installment , titled Gears of War , was released on November 7 , 2006 for the Xbox 360 . The game follows protagonist Marcus Fenix , a soldier in the Coalition of Ordered Governments tasked to lead a last-ditch effort to destroy the Locust Horde and save humanity . Two subsequent titles , Gears of War 2 ( 2008 ) and Gears of War 3 ( 2011 ) , continued Fenix and humanity 's ongoing conflict with the Locust Horde and Lambent forces . In 2013 , Epic Games and Microsoft released Gears of War : Judgment , a prequel to the series ' first title , which instead focuses on Damon Baird , one of Fenix 's squad-mates . Gears of War : Ultimate Edition was released for Microsoft Windows on March 1 , 2016 . The series ' third sequel , Gears of War 4 , is set 25 years after Gears of War 3 and follows Marcus Fenix 's son , JD , as he battles new foes that threaten humanity . Gears of War was developed by Epic Games . Cliff Bleszinski , who has previously worked on Epic 's Unreal Tournament games , served the series ' lead game designer for the first three installments . He was inspired by gameplay elements from Resident Evil 4 , Kill Switch , and Bionic Commando . The series was also guided by Rod Fergusson , the executive producer and director of development of Epic Games until 2012 . The first four installments of the Gears of War series used a modified version of the Unreal Engine 3 engine . On January 27 , 2014 , Microsoft acquired all rights to the franchise from Epic Games . Canadian studio The Coalition developed Gears of War 4 , which was released on October 11 , 2016 for the Xbox One and Windows 10 . Gears of War became one of the best-selling franchises for the Xbox 360 . The series is well known for its emphasis on cover-based combat , in which players can use objects to avoid gunfire or safely engage enemies . All five installments in Gears of War featured several multiplayer modes that allowed players to compete against each other or team-up to battle AI opponents on Xbox Live . The Gears of War games have been amongst the most popular and most played titles on Xbox Live .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "41eccdb9749eac8bf51ac2555c6f561d", "text": "Infinity (upcoming video game) Infinity is the postponed massively multiplayer online space simulation video game originally intended to be the first game built on the I-Novae engine by I-Novae Studios . While the I-Novae engine has been in development since 2004 ( as a personal project until 2010 ) , development of Infinity never started . In Infinity , the player controls a spacecraft and travels throughout a galaxy trying to make a name for themselves . Players will be able to connect to an online server on which large numbers of other people are playing in a persistent world . A pre-alpha combat prototype was launched in 2006 and a tech demo video was released in 2010 . In 2013 , the development team announced the postponement of Infinity the MMO and a new plan to fund Infinity : Battlescape , a space combat game , through Kickstarter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ea96a8a50eec8710d680775e3df01bd", "text": "List of Square Enix video game franchises Square Enix is a Japanese video game development and publishing company formed from the merger of video game developer Square and publisher Enix on April 1 , 2003 . The company is best known for its role-playing video game franchises , which include the Final Fantasy series , the Dragon Quest series , and the action role-playing Kingdom Hearts series . Since its inception , the company has developed or published hundreds of titles in various video game franchises on numerous gaming systems . Of its properties , the Final Fantasy franchise is the best-selling , with a total worldwide sales of over 110 million units . The Dragon Quest series has shipped over 66 million units worldwide and is one of the most popular video game series in Japan , while the Kingdom Hearts series has shipped over 22 million copies worldwide . Square Enix has owned Taito , which continues to publish its own video games , since September 2005 , and acquired game publisher Eidos Interactive in April 2009 , which was merged with Square Enix 's European publishing wing and renamed as Square Enix Europe . This list includes franchises in which Square Enix , or its original components Square and Enix , or its subsidiaries , were the primary developer or publisher , even if the series was begun prior to the subsidiary 's acquisition . Franchises are defined as any set of interconnected media consisting of more than one release , and video game franchises are defined as franchises which were initially created as a video game or series of video games . For a list of all individual games developed or published by Square Enix , see the list of Square Enix video games and mobile games . For games released before the merger , see the Square and Enix video games . For games released by Taito , both before and after the acquisition , see the list of Taito games , and for games published by Eidos prior to acquisition see the list of Eidos games .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6141aa8c8801d2991515083db07d38fa", "text": "Soulstar Soulstar is a 3D space shooter , released in 1994 for the Sega Mega-CD .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6fcd357bd9830d1131c769cba9114f46", "text": "Unreal (1998 video game) Unreal is a first-person shooter video game developed by Epic MegaGames , Digital Extremes , and Legend Entertainment and published by GT Interactive in April 1998 . It was powered by an original game engine that now bears the game 's name , and had been in development for over three years in founder Tim Sweeney 's garage before the game was released . Since the release of Unreal , the franchise has had one sequel and two different series based on the Unreal universe . One official bonus pack , the Epic-released Fusion Map Pack , can be downloaded free of charge . Unreal Mission Pack : Return to Na Pali was released in June 1999 , and added 17 new missions to the single player campaign of Unreal . Unreal and Return to Na Pali would later be bundled together as Unreal Gold . Additionally , the games were updated to run on the Unreal Tournament version of the game engine .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ccf13f8adcca60bf96d9eb8095128661", "text": "The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim The Elder Scrolls V : Skyrim is an open world action role-playing video game developed by Bethesda Game Studios and published by Bethesda Softworks . It is the fifth main installment in The Elder Scrolls series , following The Elder Scrolls IV : Oblivion , and was released worldwide for Microsoft Windows , PlayStation 3 , and Xbox 360 on November 11 , 2011 . The game 's main story revolves around the player character and their quest to defeat Alduin the World-Eater , a dragon who is prophesied to destroy the world . The game is set two hundred years after the events of Oblivion , and takes place in the fictional province of Skyrim . Over the course of the game , the player completes quests and develops the character by improving skills . The game continues the open world tradition of its predecessors by allowing the player to travel anywhere in the game world at any time , and to ignore or postpone the main storyline indefinitely . Skyrim was developed using the Creation Engine , rebuilt specifically for the game . The team opted for a unique and more diverse game world than Oblivions Imperial Provence of Cyrodiil , which game director and executive producer Todd Howard considered less interesting by comparison . The game was released to critical acclaim , with reviewers particularly mentioning the character development and setting , and is considered to be one of the greatest video games of all time . The game shipped over seven million copies to retailers within the first week of its release , and sold over 30 million copies across all platforms . Three downloadable content ( DLC ) add-ons were released -- Dawnguard , Hearthfire , and Dragonborn -- which were repackaged into The Elder Scrolls V : Skyrim -- Legendary Edition , which was released in June 2013 . The Elder Scrolls V : Skyrim -- Special Edition , a remastered version of the game , was released for Windows , Xbox One , and PlayStation 4 in October 2016 , which includes all three DLC expansions and a minor graphical upgrade , along with additional features such as modding capabilities on consoles . A port for the Nintendo Switch is planned for release in 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "74e9ba3b63e50b358915cfb946ff34ad", "text": "Game controller A game controller is a device used with games or entertainment systems to provide input to a video game , typically to control an object or character in the game . A controller is usually connected to a game console or computer by means of a wire or cord , although , since the mid-2000s , wireless controllers have become widespread . Input devices that have been classified as game controllers include keyboards , mouses , gamepads , joysticks , etc. . Special purpose devices , such as steering wheels for driving games and light guns for shooting games , are also game controllers . Game controllers have been designed and improved over the years to be as user friendly as possible . The Microsoft Xbox controller , with its shoulder triggers that mimic actual triggers such as those found on guns , has become popular for shooting games . Some controllers are designed to be deliberately best for one type of game , such as steering wheels for driving games , or dance pads for dancing games . One of the first video game controllers was a simple dial and single button , used to control the game Tennis for Two . Controllers have since evolved to include directional pads , multiple buttons , analog sticks , joysticks , motion detection , touch screens and a plethora of other features .", "title": "" } ]	fever
7411f2c63e018c98288c69e3e1b2f980	Kuala Lumpur is in Japan.	[ { "docid": "d6c239ba600653b33785b19c873d8f6b", "text": "Kuala Lumpur Kuala Lumpur ( -LSB- ˈkwɑːlə ˈlʊmpʊə -RSB- or -LSB- - pər -RSB- -LSB- ˈkwalə ˈlumpʊr -RSB- ) , officially the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur , or more commonly KL , is the national capital of Malaysia as well as its largest city . The only alpha world city in Malaysia , it covers an area of 243 km2 and has an estimated population of 1.73 million . Greater Kuala Lumpur , also known as the Klang Valley , is an urban agglomeration of 7.25 million people . It is among the fastest growing metropolitan regions in South-East Asia , in both population and economic development . Kuala Lumpur is the cultural , financial and economic centre of Malaysia , home to the Parliament of Malaysia , and the official residence of the Malaysian King , the Istana Negara . The city once held the headquarters of the executive and judicial branches of the federal government as well , but they were moved to Putrajaya in early 1999 . Some sections of the judiciary still remain in Kuala Lumpur . Kuala Lumpur is one of three Federal Territories of Malaysia , enclaved within the state of Selangor , on the central west coast of Peninsular Malaysia . Since the 1990s , the city has played host to many international sporting , political and cultural events including the 1998 Commonwealth Games and the Formula One Grand Prix . Kuala Lumpur has undergone rapid development in recent decades . It is home to the tallest twin buildings in the world , the Petronas Twin Towers , which have become an iconic symbol of Malaysia 's futuristic development .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "c7edde9c340a5e9f7619ee2a4ba5f5bb", "text": ".jp . jp is the Internet country code top-level domain ( ccTLD ) for Japan . It is administered by the Japan Registry Service . At the establishment of the . jp domain the domain was administered by the JPNIC , as part of their role as an overseeing technical body for the Internet in Japan . However , due to the growing importance and size of the . jp registry , it was decided at the 11th General Meeting of JPNIC in December 2000 to create a new corporation that would manage the . jp domain . Thus , the Japan Registry Service was created , and on June 30 , 2003 , officially assumed the duties of the . jp registry . . jp registrations are only allowed if the registrant has a physical address in Japan . Registrations are processed via accredited registrars and domain names with Japanese characters ( kanji , hiragana or katakana ) may be registered at the second level .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e21ec7ac4a78a8dc0cfc25eb83bff9fe", "text": "Nipponbashi is a shopping district of Naniwa Ward , Osaka , Japan . The area is centered along Sakaisuji Avenue , extending from the Ebisu-chō Interchange of the Hanshin Expressway in the south , to Nansan-dōri ( just east of Nankai Namba Station ) in the north . Known colloquially as `` Den-Den Town , '' Nipponbashi is known for its many shops which specialize in furniture , tools , and `` otaku '' interests such as electronics , anime , manga , and collectibles . Nipponbashi is often compared to Akihabara Electric Town , its equivalent ( in terms of focus ) in Tokyo . Although written with the same characters 日本橋 in Japanese , Nihonbashi in Chūō , Tokyo is a different place and has a different pronunciation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "937eca779ae70537d57ba61f9e32f31a", "text": "Japan Civil Aviation Bureau The is the civil aviation authority of Japan and a division of the Ministry of Land , Infrastructure , Transport and Tourism ( MLIT ) . Its head office is in the MLIT building in Kasumigaseki , Chiyoda , Tokyo . It is the Japanese equivalent of the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c5f91a9eb64f544b67f5bac3e4dd377a", "text": "Mass media in Saitama Prefecture This article lists and describes the features of mass media based in Saitama Prefecture of Japan . Most are based in the capital and most populous city Saitama City 's Urawa ward . Unless mentioned otherwise the language is Japanese . Like other parts of Kantō region incorporating the Greater Tokyo Area , media based in Tokyo dominate the attention of the residents . Tokyo 's major radio and television stations are licensed to cover the whole Kantō region . See Japanese media for them . They have larger readership or rates than the locally based media .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "122203d342b6e459f6a1537748b5e04c", "text": "Kagawa at-large district The is a constituency of the House of Councillors in the Diet of Japan ( national legislature ) . It consists of Kagawa Prefecture and elects two Councillors , one every three years by a first-past-the-post system for a six-year term . In the first election in 1947 , Kagawa like all districts used single non-transferable vote to elect both its Councillors in one election . Th Councillors currently representing Kagawa are : Emiko Uematsu ( DPJ ; term ends in 2013 ) and Yoshihiko Isozaki ( LDP ; term ends in 2016 ) . Single-member districts ( ichinin-ku ) for the House of Councillors often play a decisive role for the outcome of elections as little swing in votes is required to achieve a change of the Councillors elected there . Kagawa in predominantly rural Shikoku has in most elections voted for candidates from the Liberal Democratic Party ( LDP ) ; but in 1950 , 1965 , 1971 and in the landslide election of 1989 -- the first that led to a nejire kokkai ( `` twisted parliament '' : opposition control of the House of Councillors ) -- the main opposition Japan Socialist Party ( JSP ) managed to pick up a seat in Kagawa . Following the decline of the 1955 System of LDP and JSP and the party realignments of the 1990s , the JSP was replaced by the Democratic Party of Japan ( DPJ ) as main opposition party . DPJ candidate Emiko Uematsu could win Kagawa by a large margin against LDP incumbent Kenji Manabe in the 2007 election that also led to a nejire kokkai .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3f0ea99247b4de185585f03d0a9ddfc8", "text": "Kuala Ketil Kuala Ketil is a small town in Kedah , Malaysia . Kuala Ketil also known as K.K by locals and residents near Kuala Ketil . Kuala Ketil is situated within the parliamentary constituency of Baling . The town is located between Sungai Petani and Kulim.Kuala Ketil is the main source for Baling economy . Its main core business would best describe as Industrial area an up growing area . This small town play a role as the supplier for daily needs to the nearest estates around Kuala Ketil . The boost of income for Kuala Ketil economy started on 1993 when the government developed the industries area . The area were named to this small town known as `` Taman Perindustian Kuala Ketil '' . In 2014 , Kuala Ketil economical dimension now thrive in the presence of various forms of building and progress . Among them are the University Insaniah nearby Taman Perindustrian Kuala Ketil . Kuala Ketil is the main road that connects Baling and Sungai Petani . Kuala Ketil has a lot Housing Estate , which is Taman Desa Bidara which is the largest housing estate at Kuala Ketil and Taman Haji Muslim which are faced with Petronas and Shell station and more . Kuala Ketil has two gas stations , Petronas and Shell . Kuala Ketil economic growth is rapid with the construction of a large class towns such as KFC , University and more . Visit http://www.kualaketil.com for more information about Kuala Ketil town . Category : Populated places in Kedah", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d8c79043e0e6a4e63b6652467a05fcbb", "text": "Kuala Terengganu Kuala Terengganu ( -LSB- ˈkuˈala ˈtəˈrengˈganu -RSB- Jawi : , ) , often abbreviated as K.T. , is the administrative capital , royal capital and the main economic centre of Terengganu , Malaysia . Kuala Terengganu is also the administrative centre for the eponymous district of Kuala Terengganu . Kuala Terengganu is located about 440 kilometres northeast of Kuala Lumpur on the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia . The city is situated at the estuary of Terengganu River , facing the South China Sea . As a district , Kuala Terengganu is the smallest in terms of area , but it ( together with the district of Kuala Nerus that form the city area ) has the largest population in Terengganu with a population of 406,317 in 2010 . City status was awarded to Kuala Terengganu with the title Bandaraya Warisan Pesisir Air ( English : Coastal Heritage City ) on 1 January 2008 . Besides being a major political and economic centre to the state , the city is also the main gateway to many of the state 's tourist destinations . The attractions in and around the city include Kampung Cina , Pasar Besar Kedai Payang , Terengganu State Museum , and Batu Buruk Beach . Even though the city is not spared from modernity and development , Kuala Terengganu still retains strong Malay influences that are intermixed with other cultures from its long history as a port .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d08cfdffeca058d5aba6b308b63797e3", "text": "Central Market, Kuala Lumpur Central Market Kuala Lumpur ( Pasar Seni Kuala Lumpur ; Tamil : மத்திய சந்தை ) is a market in Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0d22b89bcc66caafacba0e80e621e9dd", "text": "Niigata, Niigata is the capital and the most populous city of Niigata Prefecture , Japan . It lies on the northwest coast of Honshu , the largest island of Japan , in the Chūbu region and faces the Sea of Japan and Sado Island . , the city had an estimated population of 807,450 and a population density of 1,110 persons per km ² . The total area is 726.45 sqkm . Greater Niigata , Niigata Metropolitan Employment Area , has a GDP of US$ 43.3 billion as of 2010 . With a long history as a port town , Niigata became a free port following the Meiji Restoration . Niigata 's city government was established in 1889 . Mergers with nearby municipalities in 2005 allowed the city 's population to jump to 810,000 . The annexation of the surrounding area has also given the city the greatest rice paddy field acreage in Japan . On April 1 , 2007 , it became the first government-designated city on the Japan Sea coast of Honshu .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "375dfae6945befc327b3cac9076b5dda", "text": "Fukuoka–Kitakyushu is the most common name given to the region comprising the metropolitan areas of the cities of Fukuoka and Kitakyushu in Fukuoka Prefecture , Japan and in between . Alternate names are many , including Kitakyushu-Fukuoka Greater Metropolitan Region , Northern Part of Kyushu Greater Metropolitan Region One reason for complications in naming is because the whole region itself was once referred to as `` Kitakyushu '' , which had become ambiguous after the city merger in 1963 which created the city by the same name . These cities may be referred to separately , but often are lumped together since they are close and lie in the same prefecture . Furthermore , their economic spheres , infrastructure , and transport links overlap . Note that the metro areas include the tip of Honshu island ( Shimonoseki on Honshu is a significant suburb of Kitakyushu ) , as well as the northern part of Kyushu . The definition of Northern Kyushu is not a superset of Fukuoka -- Kitakyushu ; among the ways it differs : it generally does not include any cities on Honshu island .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a91b4be7c2499cdb1abd48bd325f879a", "text": "Japanese occupation of Singapore The Japanese occupation of Singapore in World War II took place from 1942 to 1945 , following the fall of the British colony on 15 February 1942 . Military forces of the Empire of Japan occupied it after defeating the combined British , Indian , Australian , and Malayan garrison in the Battle of Singapore . The occupation was to become a major turning point in the histories of several nations , including those of Japan , Britain , and the then-colonial state of Singapore . Singapore was renamed , meaning `` Light of the South '' . Singapore was officially returned to British colonial rule on 12 September 1945 , following the formal signing of the surrender instrument at the Municipal Building .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f72cf0e64fc002c820172cfcf01d95ff", "text": "Sea of Japan naming dispute A dispute exists over the international name for the body of water which is bordered by Japan , North Korea , Russia , and South Korea . In 1992 , objections to the name Sea of Japan were first raised by North Korea and South Korea at the Sixth United Nations Conference on the Standardization of Geographical Names . The Japanese government supports the use of the name `` Sea of Japan '' , while South Korea supports the name `` East Sea '' , and North Korea supports the name `` East Sea of Korea '' . Currently , most international maps and documents use either the name Sea of Japan ( or equivalent translation ) by itself , or include both the name Sea of Japan and East Sea , often with East Sea listed in parentheses or otherwise marked as a secondary name . The International Hydrographic Organization , the international governing body for the naming of bodies of water around the world , in 2012 decided not to change the current single name `` Sea of Japan '' rejecting South Korea 's request to use `` East Sea '' together with `` Sea of Japan '' . The involved countries ( especially Japan and South Korea ) have advanced a variety of arguments to support their preferred name ( s ) . Many of the arguments revolve around determining when the name Sea of Japan became the common name . South Korea argues that historically the more common name was East Sea , Sea of Korea , or another similar variant . South Korea further argues that the name Sea of Japan did not become common until Korea was under Japanese rule , at which time it had no ability to influence international affairs . Japan argues that the name Sea of Japan has been the most common international name since at least the beginning of the 19th century , long before its annexation of Korea . Both sides have conducted studies of antiquarian maps , but the two countries have produced divergent research results . Additional arguments have been raised regarding the underlying geography of the sea as well as potential problems regarding the ambiguity of one name or the other .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2d9718fe0d7437de49db47bb6dd8cf49", "text": "Core cities of Japan A is a class or category of Japanese city . It is a local administrative division created by the national government . Core cities are delegated many functions normally carried out by prefectural governments , but not as many as designated cities . To become a candidate for core city status , a city must have a population greater than 300,000 and an area greater than 100 square kilometers , although special exceptions may be made by order of the cabinet for cities with populations under 300,000 but over 200,000 . Application for designation is made by a city with the approval of both the city and prefectural assemblies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3a1fdd5df9027b95a0fd391a7ccaef6a", "text": "Japanese Consulate-General, Houston The is Japan 's diplomatic facility in Houston , Texas , United States . It is located in Suite 3000 at 2 Houston Center , which is located at 900 Fannin Street in Downtown Houston . The consulate serves Texas and Oklahoma .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "43f6d920ddd222dd0c8f28df379dd62d", "text": "Tokyo City was a municipality in Japan and part of Tokyo-fu which existed from 1 May 1889 until its merger with its prefecture on 1 July 1943 . The historical boundaries of Tokyo City are now occupied by the 23 Special Wards of Tokyo . The new merged government became what is now Tokyo , also known as the Tokyo Metropolis , or , ambiguously , Tokyo Prefecture .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dbb8575524a51962e1d8dd6d91d3022f", "text": "Colony of Singapore The Colony of Singapore was a British Crown colony that existed from 1946 until 1963 , when Singapore became part of Malaysia . When the Empire of Japan surrendered to the Allies at the end of World War II , the island was handed back to the British in 1945 . In 1946 , the Straits Settlements were dissolved and Singapore together with the Cocos-Keeling and Christmas islands became a separate Crown colony . The colony was governed by the British Empire until it gained partial internal self-governance in 1955 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e79d5afb99d01dd060bec9405179eedc", "text": "Brunei–Japan relations Brunei -- Japan relations ( Hubungan Brunei - Jepun , 日本とブルネイの関係 ) refers to bilateral foreign relations between Brunei and Japan . Brunei has an embassy in Tokyo , and Japan has an embassy in Bandar Seri Begawan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ce388179788a1345e1bcf02fb3c9841", "text": "Japanese people are a nation and ethnic group native to Japan . Japanese people make up 98.5 % of the total population of their country . Worldwide , approximately 129 million people are of Japanese descent ; of these , approximately 125 million are residents of Japan . People of Japanese ancestry who live outside Japan are referred to as the , the Japanese disapora . The term ethnic Japanese may also be used in some contexts to refer to particular ethnic groups , including the Yamato ( the dominant ethnic group , comprising over 120 million ) , Ainu , and Ryukyuan people .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c48a3965e73d5b804ce13a10df415870", "text": "Government of Japan The government of Japan is a constitutional monarchy in which the power of the Emperor is limited and is relegated primarily to ceremonial duties . As in many other states , the Government is divided into three branches : the Executive branch , the Legislative branch and the Judicial branch . The Government runs under the framework established by the Constitution of Japan , adopted in 1947 . It is a unitary state , containing forty-seven administrative divisions , with the Emperor as its head of state . His role is ceremonial and he has no powers related to Government . Instead , it is the Cabinet , composing of the Ministers of State and the Prime Minister , that directs and controls the Government . The Cabinet is the source of power of the Executive branch , and is formed by the Prime Minister , who is the head of government . He or she is designated by the National Diet and appointed to office by the Emperor . The National Diet is the legislature , the organ of the Legislative branch . It is bicameral , consisting of two houses with the House of Councillors being the upper house , and the House of Representatives being the lower house . Its members are directly elected from the people , who are the source of sovereignty . The Supreme Court and other inferior courts make up the Judicial branch , and they are independent from the executive and the legislative branches .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5496b0b50fd072de309c6cac2c48bbdb", "text": "Miss World Japan is a national beauty pageant in Japan .", "title": "" } ]	fever
7fee5441103fbc427685a7e6ae5808e7	Whoopi Goldberg is a comedian.	[ { "docid": "71f52e9028bca3a7d083d4bc5b94bfb8", "text": "Whoopi Goldberg Caryn Elaine Johnson ( born November 13 , 1955 ) , known professionally as Whoopi Goldberg ( -LSB- ˈwhʊpi -RSB- ) , is an American actress , comedian , author and television host . She has been nominated for 13 Emmy Awards for her work in television and is one of the few entertainers who have won an Emmy Award , a Grammy Award , an Oscar , and a Tony Award . She was the second black woman in the history of the Academy Awards to win an acting Oscar . In the period drama film The Color Purple ( 1985 ) , her breakthrough role was playing Celie , a mistreated black woman in the Deep South , for which she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress . In the romantic fantasy film Ghost ( 1990 ) , Goldberg played Oda Mae Brown , an eccentric psychic who helped a slain man ( Patrick Swayze ) save his lover ( Demi Moore ) , for which she won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress . In 1992 , she starred as a pretend nun in the comedy Sister Act . From 1998 to 2002 , she was co-producer of the television game show Hollywood Squares . Since 2007 , she has been the moderator of the daytime television talk show The View .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "4ecc08acba7324dd2495c07aa1d5b685", "text": "Tone Bell Michael Anthony `` Tone '' Bell , II . ( born August 10 , 1983 ) is an American stand-up comedian and actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0c412c9ba6886cfccee28c30cef6db3c", "text": "Andrew Goldberg (writer) Andrew Goldberg ( born March 17 , 1978 ) is an American writer for Family Guy , where he has written several episodes . He is also the author of Brian Griffin 's Guide to Booze , Broads , and the Lost Art of Being a Man , a book published by HarperCollins focusing on Brian Griffin 's beliefs . In 2016 , he co-created the animated sitcom Big Mouth with Nick Kroll .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a5b2a5188d6098e6f9404d8f0f3d4aee", "text": "It Hits the Fan `` It Hits the Fan '' is the first episode of the fifth season of the American animated television series South Park , and the 66th episode of the series overall . It first aired on Comedy Central in the United States on June 20 , 2001 . In the episode , the word `` shit '' is said uncensored on television on the crime show Cop Drama . After this , everyone starts saying `` shit '' over and over , which eventually brings over a mysterious plague that unleashes the ancient Knights of Standards and Practices , and only Chef and the boys can save the world . The episode was written by series co-creator Trey Parker and is rated TV-MA-LV in the United States . Throughout the episode , the profanity `` shit '' or `` shitty '' are exclaimed uncensored a total of 162 separate times ; in syndicated or re-aired versions of this episode , a counter in the bottom left corner of the screen counts the number of times the word has been uttered . The written occurrences are not counted , but `` shit '' is written 38 times , which puts the `` shit `` s up to an even 200 . `` Shit '' is uttered roughly once every eight seconds ; one such count includes the episode 's theme song in the calculation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd5d7a7f213714eb0dce168dc5ceef4f", "text": "The Comedians (1971 TV series) The Comedians is a British television show of the 1970s ( later reprised in the mid-1980s and early 1990s ) produced by Johnnie Hamp of Granada Television . The show gave a stage to nightclub and working men 's club comedians of the era , including Russ Abbot , Lennie Bennett , Stan Boardman , Jim Bowen , Jimmy Bright , Duggie Brown , Mike Burton , Dave Butler , Brian Carroll , Frank Carson , Mike Coyne , Jimmy Cricket , Colin Crompton , Pauline Daniels , Charlie Daze , Vince Earl , Steve Faye , Eddie Flanagan , Stu Francis , Ken Goodwin , Jackie Hamilton , Jerry Harris , George King , Bobby Knutt , Bernard Manning , Mike McCabe , Paul Melba , Mick Miller , Hal Nolan , Tom O'Connor , Tom Pepper , Bryn Phillips , Mike Reid , George Roper , Harry Scott , Sammy Thomas , Johnny Wager , Roy Walker , Charlie Williams , Lee Wilson and Lenny Windsor . Also featured on the TV show , were Shep 's Banjo Boys , a 7-piece band comprising ( for the first 5 series ) Charlie Bentley ( tenor banjo ) , John Drury ( sousaphone ) , Andy Holdorf ( trombone ) , John Orchard ( piano ) , John Rollings ( drums ) , Graham Shepherd ( banjo ) and Howard Shepherd ( lead banjo ) . In 1973 , the line up was Mike Dexter ( banjo ) , Tony `` Tosh '' Kennedy ( sousaphone ) , Ged Martin ( drums ) , Tony Pritchard ( trombone ) , Graham Shepherd ( banjo ) and Howard `` Shep '' Shepherd ( lead banjo ) . The Comedians began as an experiment for Granada TV . Filmed before a live audience in Manchester , comics each performed 20-minute sets , which were then edited together into half-hour shows . Each edition featured up to ten stand-up comics . Working men 's clubs are numerous in Britain , especially in North East England and have been a useful training ground for artists , especially comedians . Most of these clubs are affiliated to the CIU ( Working Men 's Club and Institute Union ) founded in 1862 by the Rev. Henry Solly . There are also political clubs , as well as Servicemen 's Clubs affiliated to the Royal British Legion . It was remarkably popular during the earlier series . An LP recording of the show reached the best-seller charts , several sell-out national tours followed , including a season at the London Palladium , and the programme won the Critics ' circle Award . The comedy frequently took the form of anecdotes or jokes and often involved racist or sexist stereotypes . Like other British comedy successes of the day , notably , Love Thy Neighbour , this kind of entertainment was acceptable on British television during this period but would not be so today . Viewing the series in retrospect it stands as a major social document of the times . In recent years , the series has been repeated on the ( now defunct ) British satellite television channel Plus , and can now be bought on DVD , having been released by Network .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "025e3dcbbb98403e3c43c2b3b0542db5", "text": "Don \"Creesh\" Hornsby Don Hornsby ( December 6 , 1923 - May 22 , 1950 ) , aka Creesh Hornsby , was a comedian and novelty pianist who was slated to be the original host of Broadway Open House , American network television 's first late night program . Born in Cooper , Texas , Hornsby attended Harding Junior College in Wichita Falls for a short time before joining the Marines . Originally a straightforward pianist , eventually Hornsby 's nightclub act , which Life described as `` a five-hour marathon of surrealist madness '' , incorporated rubber alligators , magic tricks , acrobatics , dry ice and a live donkey . Hornsby 's performance , a continuous set during which he was served meals onstage , also featured custom-made props , including a `` tickle-tickle '' machine , which a United Press article called `` a Buck Rogers contraption with red lights , blue dials and green knobs '' that fired `` a bombardment of tiny rubber cones '' , which Hornsby would then scoop up with a butterfly net . One of his specialties was playing the Warsaw Concerto while suspended by his heels above the piano . His catchphrase `` creesh '' , which he shouted at frequent intervals onstage , is a portmanteau word meaning `` constructive escapism '' . As Hornsby explained it , `` creeshism '' in action meant that `` anything can be funny in the proper situation . '' Among his fanbase were veteran comedians Fred Allen , Phil Silvers and Groucho Marx . On the strength of his act -- and an endorsement from Bob Hope -- Hornsby was signed to a five-year contract with NBC and was set to host the program that would become Broadway Open House , but he was diagnosed with polio the week before the series was originally scheduled to debut . The disease led to his death less than a week later at age 26 in Eastview , New York .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2515e428e74602e63d8ae8c57c9add14", "text": "Nieca Goldberg Nieca Goldberg ( born October 21 , 1957 ) is an American medical doctor , a practicing cardiologist , a senior executive in the health care industry , an associate professor in medicine , an author , and a weekly radio show host . The American College of Cardiology , describes Goldberg as a `` clinical innovator '' and `` a nationally recognized pioneer in women 's heart health . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6f89c78b265f3f324197f90b5a072eb6", "text": "Conditional joke A conditional joke is a joke meant for a qualified audience only , possessing prior knowledge and understanding of the topic , which in turn , enables them to ( quote-unquote ) get that joke . Such ability is also called the prerequisite condition for laughter . The conditional joke is one of two main categories of jokes , according to Ted Cohen ; the main one being a universal joke , which does not require familiarity with the hermetic language of a conditional joke . The conditional , or hermetic jokes , often depend on the internalized negative stereotypes held by the audience toward a targeted group of people . Such affective disposition can also explain the persistence of ethnic jokes in multicultural societies . Although they can be understood by many , the conditional jokes usually do n't make ridiculed individuals laugh at the punch line . The most common type of conditional jokes , which target the jargon and all topics specific to professions and occupations , include the doctor jokes ( surgeons , internists , psychiatrists , etc. ) , the lawyers and politicians , musicians , and the rabbi jokes among many . Other hermetic jokes which target ethnicity include Polish jokes made in the US , Irish jokes made in England , Ukrainian jokes made in Russia , Newfie jokes made in Canada , Sikh jokes made in India , Russian jokes , Texas jokes , Jewish jokes made by non-Jews , the Black people jokes , and numerous others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e2b90a9e89695d680c09c092b3fc3918", "text": "Humour Humour ( British English ) or humor ( American English ; see spelling differences ) is the tendency of particular cognitive experiences to provoke laughter and provide amusement . The term derives from the humoral medicine of the ancient Greeks , which taught that the balance of fluids in the human body , known as humours ( Latin : humor , `` body fluid '' ) , controlled human health and emotion . People of all ages and cultures respond to humour . Most people are able to experience humour -- be amused , smile or laugh at something funny -- and thus are considered to have a sense of humour . The hypothetical person lacking a sense of humour would likely find the behaviour inducing it to be inexplicable , strange , or even irrational . Though ultimately decided by personal taste , the extent to which a person finds something humorous depends on a host of variables , including geographical location , culture , maturity , level of education , intelligence and context . For example , young children may favour slapstick such as Punch and Judy puppet shows or the Tom and Jerry cartoons , whose physical nature makes it accessible to them . By contrast , more sophisticated forms of humour such as satire require an understanding of its social meaning and context , and thus tend to appeal to a more mature audience .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f8ab939347cad89e775eeede05965d46", "text": "Joel Moss Levinson Joel Moss Levinson is a writer , comedian from Yellow Springs , Ohio . He often collaborates with his older brother , Stephen Levinson , as the Levinson Brothers . The pair were a part of TedX Dayton 2014 , speaking about successful collaboration . Along with their third partner , CONAN and former Daily Show writer Rob Kutner , the Levinson Brothers released `` 2776 '' a comedy/musical album benefitting the charity OneKid OneWorld . Featuring Aimee Mann , Patton Oswalt , Ed Helms , Ashanti , Reggie Watts , Ira Glass , Nina Totenberg , Will Forte , Rebirth Brass Band , Yo La Tengo , Margaret Cho , Neko Case , Kelly Hogan , Dick Cavett , Dick Gregory , k.d. lang , Will Arnett , Alex Trebek and more , the album appeared briefly on the Billboard Comedy charts . The album 's liner notes were written by George Saunders and appeared in the New Yorker Joel composed the music for all but two of the 28 tracks . n 2012 , the Levinson Brothers and Rob Kutner released an EP called `` It 's OK To Do Stuff '' in celebration of the 40th anniversary of `` Free To Be You And Me . '' Made up of songs satirizing the original with songs about gender , childhood , equality and relationships . `` It 's Okay to Do Stuff is first and foremost meant to be funny -- and it is , most of the time . Here , the earnestness of Free to Be is replaced with satire , but irony is the ethos of our age , remember ? '' The album features Lizzy Caplan , Fred Willard , Jane Weidlin , Steven Page , Colin Hanks , Fred Stoller , Eddie Pepitone , Eugene Mirman and others . Joel gained national attention in 2008 as an Internet personality who professionally wins consumer generated marketing contests , and earned more than money and prizes , by creating corporate jingles and short commercials . Levinson grew up in Dayton , Ohio . His father Jim was a prosecutor and his mother was a writer . He attended George Washington University for a few semesters . He worked for the KIO ( Kentucky , Indiana , Ohio ) region for BBYO and traveled the country as a song leader for the organization . In November 2008 , he appeared on The Tonight Show to talk about his contest winnings . Joel was named an Access Hollywood Rising Star on December 1 , 2008 . In 2009 he appeared on CBS News with Katie Couric .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "619cfd01802cd7fb3960e7eab540d4d3", "text": "Otojirō Kawakami was a Japanese actor and comedian .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2e15dcc040ff6e5899c5d01f77df9dc6", "text": "Comedy rock Comedy rock is rock music mixed with comedy , often satire and parody .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4c7609f939afa1e742761f2448e22d1", "text": "Mr. Cranky Mr. Cranky , a satirical film critic , was created in 1995 by Jason Katzman and Hans Bjordahl . The Cranky personae premises that all movies are terrible ; at issue , solely , is the severity of pain , insult , discomfort or idiocy projected , injected , ingested , subjected or otherwise presented . There are no good films in the Cranky pantheon ; only films which inflict greater or lesser suffering . Subtextually , the Mr. Cranky website is a comment on an uncritical film-reviewing culture . In contrast to boilerplate , overly effusive reviews -- often including declarations that incorporate a film 's theme or title in a pun or play-on-words -- the Cranky review is received on the originality of its portrayal of physical suffering and mental anguish effected by the viewing experience . The movies are rated on a six-step scale , with the least bad ( i.e. best ) film receiving one `` bomb . '' Films that cause greater suffering receive additional `` bombs . '' ( Up to four . ) Movies deemed particularly offensive receive a Dynamite or `` Boomstick '' rating . The worst films ( i.e. those Cranky has marked as irredeemable -- `` Proof that Jesus died in vain '' in classic Cranky vernacular ) receive the Animated Atomic Explosion or `` Kaboom ! '' rating . In October 2001 , a `` guest reviewer '' named Mr. Smiley appeared . A post-modern reflection of the Cranky character 's anti-reviews , Mr. Smiley is a mirror opposite of the Mr. Cranky personae : all reviews are hyperbolically positive . Mr. Smiley is a stereotypical smiley face smelling a pink Freesia flower , appearing every year near Halloween . Consistent with the theme , the Smiley character has a rising five-step scale going from one smiley face to the `` Prozacerrific ! '' Happy Pill . Consistent with other 20th-century artists including the post World War I Dadaists ( Absurdists ) and post-modern anti-art of the 1960s -- best embodied by Warhol 's `` pop art '' works and Lichenstein 's self-portraits -- Mr. Smilely was an effective ironic tool used to comment on the deficiencies of uncritical analysis and review .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "07d0da7f6a86427db8f14b959b9a8de5", "text": "Citizen: I'm Not Losing My Mind, I'm Giving It Away Citizen : I 'm Not Losing My Mind , I 'm Giving It Away is a 1982 film directed by William Farley and has the first screen appearance of Whoopi Goldberg . The film is an avant-garde ensemble piece also starring West Coast performance artists Stoney Burke , Bob Carroll , Darryl Henriques , Murray Korngold , Pons Maar , John O'Keefe , and Michael Peppe . In 1983 , the film premiered at the Sundance Film Festival , and was also featured at the Whitney Museum of American Art . Distributed by William Farley Film Group .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad11b152609bf6ae61fea7aeb1dd13f3", "text": "In-joke An in-joke , also known as an inside joke or a private joke , is a joke whose humour is understandable only to members of an ingroup , that is , people who are in a particular social group , occupation , or other community of shared interest . It is an esoteric joke that is humorous only to those who are aware of the circumstances behind it . In-jokes may exist within a small social clique , such as a group of friends , or extend to an entire profession such as the film or professional wrestling industries , or a particular sporting field or chess team . Ethnic or religious groups usually have their own in-jokes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "66777e61056bc24949ef8a3a00384340", "text": "Friday Nite Improvs Friday Nite Improvs , or Friday Night Improvs ( FNI ) , is a long-running weekly improvisational comedy show staged on the campus of the University of Pittsburgh in Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania . The show functions as an improv jam , performed by improv actors who do n't normally work together . FNI is unique in that , in addition to the audience 's providing improv suggestions , the performers are all pulled from volunteers in the audience . Friday Nite Improvs is the longest-running theatrical/comedic production in the city of Pittsburgh . The show regularly features actors from every improv group in Pittsburgh , and alumni have gone on to act , write , and produce for television and film . Readers of the Pittsburgh City Paper ranked Friday Nite Improvs as the 3rd best place to see comedy in Pittsburgh in the 2004 `` Best of Pittsburgh '' survey behind the professional stand-up clubs The Improv and The Funnybone . College Prowler ranked Friday Nite Improvs as the ninth best thing about Pitt .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cef454ba22f51cdaf980cb0862859940", "text": "Prop comedy Prop comedy is a comedy genre in which performers use humorous objects , or conventional objects in humorous ways . The stages and films term `` prop '' , an abbreviation of `` property '' , refers to any object an actor handles in the course of a performance . Though some form of prop comedy has likely existed as long as there have been comedians , the genre reached its zenith in the vaudeville era . The vaudeville team Olsen and Johnson used prop comedy extensively in their long running Broadway revue Hellzapoppin . A prop comic is a comedian who uses prop comedy . Prop comics are sometimes looked down upon by other comedians , and the term is sometimes used derisively . However , some , such as Tommy Cooper , rose to critical acclaim as their props revolved around a gimmick ( such as Cooper 's magic ) and the comedian 's character around that gimmick .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1fd7d2c11cfdb1fa682d89e56489c1f6", "text": "A Knight in Camelot A Knight in Camelot is a 1998 television film starring Whoopi Goldberg and Michael York . It was directed by Roger Young , distributed by Disney and is loosely based on Mark Twain 's A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur 's Court .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9c1d26e81ccdd2b5dd62a50a959ba7b0", "text": "Humbug A humbug is a person or object that behaves in a deceptive or dishonest way , often as a hoax or in jest . The term was first described in 1751 as student slang , and recorded in 1840 as a `` nautical phrase '' . It is now also often used as an exclamation to mean nonsense or gibberish . When referring to a person , a humbug means a fraud or impostor , implying an element of unjustified publicity and spectacle . In modern usage , the word is most associated with the character Ebenezer Scrooge , created by Charles Dickens in his novella `` A Christmas Carol '' . His famous reference to Christmas , `` Bah ! Humbug ! '' , declaring Christmas to be a fraud , is commonly used in stage and television versions of A Christmas Carol and also appeared frequently in the original book . The word is also prominently used in The Wizard of Oz , in which the Scarecrow refers to the wizard as a humbug , and the wizard agrees . Another use of the word was by John Collins Warren , a Harvard Medical School professor who worked at Massachusetts General Hospital . Dr. Warren performed the first public operation with the use of ether anesthesia , administered by William Thomas Green Morton , a dentist . To the stunned audience at the Massachusetts General Hospital , Dr. Warren declared , `` Gentlemen , this is no humbug . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c7c546e4e8ea793658a57baf8d28cf43", "text": "Comedy festival A comedy festival is a celebration of comedy with many shows , venues , comedy performers ( such as stand up comics , sketch troupes , variety performers , etc. ) and is held over a specific block of time . Normally , each festival has a diverse range of comedy themes and genres .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "49c91b0cc2e32a38ed7664ba3812605f", "text": "IO Theater iO , or iO Chicago , ( formerly known as `` ImprovOlympic '' ) is an improv theater and training center in central Chicago , with a branch in Los Angeles called iO West . The theater both teaches and hosts performances of improvisational comedy . It was founded in 1981 by the late Del Close and Charna Halpern . The theater has many notable alumni , including Amy Poehler and Stephen Colbert .", "title": "" } ]	fever
46e85dad58c84af835d029f35c928c5c	Rope used long takes.	[ { "docid": "56aa88ddf94ab9ed5b7520ad8a3c58b2", "text": "Rope (film) Rope is a 1948 American film noir psychological crime thriller film directed by Alfred Hitchcock , based on the 1929 play of the same name by Patrick Hamilton , and adapted by Hume Cronyn and Arthur Laurents . The film was produced by Hitchcock and Sidney Bernstein as the first of their Transatlantic Pictures productions . Starring James Stewart , John Dall and Farley Granger , this is the first of Hitchcock 's Technicolor films , and is notable for taking place in real time and being edited so as to appear as a single continuous shot through the use of long takes . It is the second of Hitchcock 's `` limited setting '' films , the first being Lifeboat . The original play was said to be inspired by the real-life murder of 14-year-old Bobby Franks in 1924 by University of Chicago students Nathan Leopold and Richard Loeb .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "2fadd9dc0e503a25244de29ed96b9a61", "text": "Sling (weapon) A sling is a projectile weapon typically used to throw a blunt projectile such as a stone , clay , or lead `` sling-bullet '' . It is also known as the shepherd 's sling . Someone who specialises in using slings is called a slinger . A sling has a small cradle or pouch in the middle of two lengths of cord . The sling stone is placed in the pouch . The middle finger or thumb is placed through a loop on the end of one cord , and a tab at the end of the other cord is placed between the thumb and forefinger . The sling is swung in an arc , and the tab released at a precise moment . This frees the projectile to fly to the target . The sling essentially works by extending the length of a human arm , thus allowing stones to be thrown much farther than they could be by hand . The sling is inexpensive and easy to build . It has historically been used for hunting game and in combat . Film exists of Spanish Civil War combatants using slings to throw grenades over buildings into enemy positions on the opposite street . Today the sling is of interest as a wilderness survival tool and an improvised weapon .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a0352e0ea30583790b62dc6367272c09", "text": "Linchpin A linchpin , also spelled linch pin , lynchpin , or lynch pin , is a fastener used to prevent a wheel or other part from sliding off the axle upon which it is riding . The word is first attested in the late 14th century and derives from Middle English elements meaning `` axletree pin '' . Securing implements onto the three-point hitch of a tractor is an example of application . Linchpins may also be used in place of an R-clip for securing hitch pins . The word `` linchpin '' is also used figuratively to mean `` something -LSB- or someone -RSB- that holds the various elements of a complicated structure together . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "08e0881a8493bcb8398f150a866eedc7", "text": "Hanging Hanging is the suspension of a person by a noose or ligature around the neck . The Oxford English Dictionary states that hanging in this sense is `` specifically to put to death by suspension by the neck '' , though it formerly also referred to crucifixion and death by impalement in which the body would remain `` hanging '' . Hanging has been a common method of capital punishment since medieval times , and is the official execution method in numerous countries and regions . The first account of execution by hanging was in Homer 's Odyssey . In this specialised meaning of the common word hang , the past and past participle is hanged instead of hung . Hanging is also a common method of suicide in which a person applies a ligature to the neck and brings about unconsciousness and then death by suspension . Partial suspension or partial weight-bearing on the ligature is sometimes used , particularly in prisons , mental hospitals or other institutions , where full suspension support is difficult to devise , because high ligature points ( e.g. , hooks or pipes ) have been removed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4ffb87718d205a9739f43d07d2caf91d", "text": "Pulled hamstring Straining of the hamstring , also known as a pulled hamstring , is defined as an excessive stretch or tear of muscle fibers and related tissues . Hamstring injuries are common in athletes participating in many sports and are very difficult to treat and rehabilitate . Track and field athletes are particularly at risk , as hamstring injuries have been estimated to make up 29 % of all injuries in sprinters . The biceps femoris long head is at the most risk for injury , possibly due to its reduced moment of knee and hip flexion as compared to the medial hamstrings . The hamstrings undergo a complex dynamic process during gait , making it unsurprising that they are frequently injured . They must first contract concentrically during the end of the stance phase in order to bend the knee and allow the foot ( along with dorsiflexion at the ankle ) to clear the ground . At the end of the swing phase the hamstrings must eccentrically contract while applying a braking moment to knee extension , then immediately change functions to again concentrically contract and produce hip extension . Studies have shown that `` the hamstring group reaches peak elongation and acts eccentrically at the hip and knee during the late swing phases of running '' and that `` the hamstrings are most active and develop the greatest torques at the hip and knee during the late swing through midstance phase of running . '' Thus , the hamstrings reach their maximum length while attempting to forcefully contract eccentrically and switch functions to immediately produce a concentric contraction , which makes the terminal part of swing phase the most vulnerable for injury . There have been many other proposed predisposing factors to injury . These include muscle weakness , muscle imbalance , poor flexibility , fatigue , inadequate warm up , poor neuromuscular control , and poor running technique . One of the few predisposing factors that most researchers agree upon however is previous hamstring injury . Brokett et al. ( 2004 ) stated that `` the athletes most at risk of a hamstring strain are those with a previous history of such injury '' and noted that 34 % of the hamstring injuries were recurrences . '' Cameron et al. also found that 34 % of injuries recur in the same season . Arnason et al. . generalized these numbers , saying that previous injury was in itself an independent risk factor for re-injury .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fbc125eaaccec8e4ad7d308c8e7d194d", "text": "Carpet A carpet is a textile floor covering typically consisting of an upper layer of pile attached to a backing . The pile was traditionally made from wool , but , since the 20th century , synthetic fibers such as polypropylene , nylon or polyester are often used , as these fibers are less expensive than wool . The pile usually consists of twisted tufts which are typically heat-treated to maintain their structure . The term `` carpet '' is often used interchangeably with the term `` rug '' , although the term `` carpet '' can be applied to a floor covering that covers an entire house , whereas a `` rug '' is generally no bigger than a single room , and traditionally does not even span from one wall to another , and is typically not even attached as part of the floor . Carpets are used for a variety of purposes , including insulating a person 's feet from a cold tile or concrete floor , making a room more comfortable as a place to sit on the floor ( e.g. , when playing with children or as a prayer rug ) , reducing sound from walking ( particularly in apartment buildings ) and adding decoration or colour to a room . Carpets can be made in any colour by using differently dyed fibers . Carpets can have many different types of patterns and motifs used to decorate the surface . In the 2000s , carpets are used in industrial and commercial establishments such as retail stores and hotels and in private homes . In the 2010s , a huge range of carpets and rugs are available at many price and quality levels , ranging from inexpensive , synthetic carpets that are mass-produced in factories and used in commercial buildings to costly hand-knotted wool rugs which are used in private homes of wealthy families . Carpets can be produced on a loom quite similar to woven fabric , made using needle felts , knotted by hand ( in oriental rugs ) , made with their pile injected into a backing material ( called tufting ) , flatwoven , made by hooking wool or cotton through the meshes of a sturdy fabric or embroidered . Carpet is commonly made in widths of 12 ft and 15 ft in the USA , 4 m and 5 m in Europe . Since the 20th century , where necessary for wall-to-wall carpet , different widths of carpet can be seamed together with a seaming iron and seam tape ( formerly it was sewn together ) and fixed to a floor over a cushioned underlay ( pad ) using nails , tack strips ( known in the UK as gripper rods ) , adhesives , or occasionally decorative metal stair rods . Wall-to-wall carpet is distinguished from rugs or mats , which are loose-laid floor coverings , as wall-to-wall carpet is fixed to the floor and covers a much larger area . Child labour has often been used in Asia for hand knotting rugs . The GoodWeave labelling scheme used throughout Europe and North America assures that child labour has not been used : importers pay for the labels , and the revenue collected is used to monitor centres of production and educate previously exploited children .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "73dc125175e878f039d55e1647cec88e", "text": "Weaving (knitting) In knitting , weaving is a family of techniques used for several purposes in knitting . The most common use for the technique is when working stranded color patterns , in which two yarns are alternated to certain of the stitches to create patterns . Weaving is used to attach the horizontal strands of yarn that pass unused behind stitches formed with the other yarn to the inside of the fabric . This is usually done to prevent overlong `` floats '' on the inside to prevent snags and create an even tension in the fabric . The technique can also be used for decorative purposes if it is done on every stitch , in which case the `` inside '' of the fabric is used on the outside Weaving in , or `` inlay '' , is a related but different technique that is used to thread an extra yarn ( s ) into the fabric without knitting it . The woven yarn ( s ) need not be the same thickness or color as the knitted yarn , and almost always ( but not necessarily ) follow the horizontal rows ( courses ) of knitting . Because the extra yarn simply passes back and forth between the knitted stitches , it can be pulled out unless it is secured in some way at the sides . The resulting fabric is more like a woven texture than a knit because the extra strand reduces its elasticity .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "34592a4b1216846c68d6943da35f4380", "text": "Bondage cuffs Bondage cuffs are restraints designed for use in sexual bondage situations . Compared to conventional handcuffs , they are wide wrist and ankle restraints generally made of leather , often padded with soft leather or fake fur . Bondage cuffs may be fastened at the wrists and/or ankles by a locking mechanism , by a buckle or by velcro . They are secured around the wrist or ankle , and the cuffs may then be attached to each other or another object . They may be fitted with D-ring attachments or buckles to which nylon webbing , chain or another restraining strap may be attached . The straps may have a loop mechanism to allow the tightening of the straps . Bondage cuffs are typically secured to each wrist and ankle , and to each other and other objects depending on the needs of each play . A set of cuffs may be used to create a hogtie , and a pair of ankle cuffs can be used together with thigh-width straps to create a frogtie . They are typically used in conjunction with other bondage equipment , such as leg spreaders .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7c3da994c361882f7681e35b9d0f3987", "text": "Rope chain A rope chain is a metal chain necklace consisting of several small links which pattern the shape of a rope . The style is popular throughout the world and is frequently worn by men . Category : Chains Category : Types of jewellery", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3fd61f29aa83f31d8b8eecdd68c02208", "text": "English Longsword School While the majority of surviving sources concerning the use of the two handed Longsword detail the German school of swordsmanship and the Italian school of swordsmanship , there was also a smaller English school with its own techniques . The body of techniques used in English Lonsword use has survived to the modern day in three manuscripts : The Ledall Roll , Man yt Wol ( `` The Man that Will '' ) / The Harley Manuscripts ) and the Cotton Titus Manuscript", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6f37ff145aac52ef5778e26a0612a3fe", "text": "Wire A wire is a single , usually cylindrical , flexible strand or rod of metal . Wires are used to bear mechanical loads or electricity and telecommunications signals . Wire is commonly formed by drawing the metal through a hole in a die or draw plate . Wire gauges come in various standard sizes , as expressed in terms of a gauge number . The term wire is also used more loosely to refer to a bundle of such strands , as in `` multistranded wire '' , which is more correctly termed a wire rope in mechanics , or a cable in electricity . Wire comes in solid core , stranded , or braided forms . Although usually circular in cross-section , wire can be made in square , hexagonal , flattened rectangular , or other cross-sections , either for decorative purposes , or for technical purposes such as high-efficiency voice coils in loudspeakers . Edge-wound coil springs , such as the Slinky toy , are made of special flattened wire .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eb77ca717c5cb1c52c755875ec3c3ce5", "text": "Shuttle (weaving) A shuttle is a tool designed to neatly and compactly store a holder that carries the thread of the weft yarn while weaving with a loom . Shuttles are thrown or passed back and forth through the shed , between the yarn threads of the warp in order to weave in the weft . The simplest shuttles , known as `` stick shuttles '' , are made from a flat , narrow piece of wood with notches on the ends to hold the weft yarn . More complicated shuttles incorporate bobbins or pirns . Shuttles are often made of wood from the Flowering Dogwood , because it is so hard , resists splintering , and can be polished to a very smooth finish . Originally shuttles were passed back and forth by hand . However , John Kay invented a loom in 1733 that incorporated a flying shuttle . This shuttle could be thrown through the warp , which allowed much wider cloth to be woven much more quickly and made the development of machine looms much simpler . Though Air Jet , and Water Jet Looms are common in large operations , many companies still use flying shuttle looms . This is due in large part to their being easier to maintain than the more modern Looms . In modern flying shuttle looms , the shuttle itself is made of rounded steel , with a hook in the back which carries the filler , or `` pick . '' The act of ` kissing the shuttle ' , in which weavers used their mouths to pull thread through the eye of a shuttle when the pirn was replaced , contributed to the spread of disease .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0bba37f9b90b2d7f2c094cdcc9bdc565", "text": "Strapping (punishment) Strapping refers to the use of a strap as an implement of corporal punishment . It is typically a broad and heavy strip of leather , often with a hard handle , the more flexible ` blade ' being applied to the offender . Probably because of the stiffness , the word `` strap '' is sometimes used interchangeably with a leather paddle . Other terms that are sometimes used interchangeably include whipping , lashing , and confusingly even in some official language , belting -- in principle a belt is lighter , without a handle . These terms are strictly speaking reserved for other implements . The Scottish tawse is a forked version with two or more tails , colloquially known as the belt , and was the standard implement of punishment in state schools until it was banned in 1987 . The historical strop , usually made for institutional use , is also known as a prison strap because it was mainly used on adult convicts -- either for discipline within the prison system , or as an original judicial corporal punishment , often combined with prison time , imposed by a court but carried out by prison staff . This has been the case notably in the USA ( mainly the South , e.g. Arkansas at least until 1967 ; sometimes a spanking inflicted on the trousers , sometimes bare bottom but also used on the back ) and Canada ( until 1972 , delivered to the offender 's bare buttocks ) . The strap has also been used on minors in reformatories and in schools . The latter was particularly prevalent in Canada , applied to the student 's hand , until abolished in 2004 , but there , in modern times at least , it was generally made of canvas/rubber rather than leather . Because of the forceful impact a disciplinary strap makes , which can easily knock the recipient out of balance and fall over ( reported by strapped punishees who were ordered to receive it while grabbing their ankles ) , the victim is usually supported in a bending or lying position , often tied down , e.g. over a table or punishment horse , or against a whipping post . Like the holed paddle , there is a version of the strap with holes . It intentionally increases the risk and severity of blistering if administered on the bare skin . Martin Tabert , a 22-year-old man arrested for vagrancy , died after being hit about 100 times with a 5-foot leather strap in 1921 . The strapping was punishment for Tabert failing to perform his work as part of a prison work-gang in Leon County , Florida . He was weak with malaria at the time . Sheriff J. R. Jones had `` sold '' the man to the head of the work-gang for a twenty-five dollar fee . Cavalier County ( North Dakota ) States Attorney Gudmunder Grimson and New York World reporter Samuel `` Duff '' McCoy brought the case to national attention . The World won the 1924 Pulitzer Prize for Public Service for its coverage of the incident . A ballad by Marjory Stoneman Douglas memorialized the case . The whipping-boss , Walter Higginbotham , was charged with Tabert 's murder but acquitted . Florida 's then governor Cary Hardee outlawed the use of flogging in the wake of public outrage over the death , and brought an end to the convict lease system in the state .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3c9f3cec4f459b6b958ee26616b54f03", "text": "Drip tape Drip tape is a type of thin walled dripperline used in drip irrigation . The first drip tape was known as `` Dew Hose '' . Drip tape duct tape is made of polyethylene and is sold flat on reels . The wall thickness typically ranges from 4 to 25 mils ( 0.1 -- 0.6 mm ) . Thicker walled tapes are commonly used for permanent subsurface drip irrigation and thinner walled tapes for temporary throw-away type systems in high value crops . Water exits the tape through emitters or drippers . The typical emitter spacing ranges from 6 to 24 inches ( 150 -- 600 mm ) . In some products , the emitters are manufactured simultaneously with the tape and are actually formed as part of the product itself . In others , the emitters are manufactured separately and installed at the time of production . Some product is not a tape , but a thin walled dripperline , but in popular parlance , both types of products are called tapes . Typical tape diameters are 5/8 '' , 7/8 '' , and 1-3/8 '' , with the larger diameters more commonly used on permanent installations with longer runs . Drip tape is a recyclable material and can be recycled into viable plastic resins for reuse in the plastics manufacturing industry .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e162dd785042f30cd7f351ebcacecb09", "text": "Link (unit) The link ( usually abbreviated as `` l. '' , `` li . '' or `` lnk . '' ) , sometimes called a Gunter 's link , is a unit of length formerly used in many English-speaking countries . A link is exactly of a foot , or exactly 7.92 inches . The unit is based on Gunter 's chain , a metal chain 66 feet long with 100 links , that was formerly used in land surveying . Even after the original tool was replaced by later instruments of higher precision , the unit itself was commonly used in this application throughout the English-speaking world ( e.g. in the United States customary system of measurements and the Imperial system ) . The length of the foot , and hence the link , varied slightly from place to place and time to time , but in modern times the difference between , say , the US survey foot and the international foot is two parts per million . The link fell out of general use in the 20th century .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc78e7075d6f08a3319a6097b09c683e", "text": "Bondage tape Bondage tape is a 2 to and 0.13 mm strip of thin plastic material ( latex in most cases ) that adheres only to itself , without any adhesive ; it is typically intended to be used in erotic bondage . Since it does not stick to the hair or skin , a bottom can be tightly bound or gagged without causing harm when the tape is removed . Some tape is thick enough that it can be unwound , unwrinkled and rewound for reuse , but usually it is simply and quickly removed by cutting it with blunt-tipped scissors . If the tape is applied relatively flat on the body , the risk of losing circulation is minimal . Until the top is sufficiently practiced , the tape is easily twisted tight , becoming like plastic string and increasing the possibility of pinching and a loss of circulation . This type of tape is also commonly used for stretching a body piercing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a47b8dd1561e4cc37d4e2c7b30d92ea3", "text": "Bridgewire A bridgewire , sometimes spelled as bridge wire , also known as a hot bridge wire ( HBW ) is a relatively thin resistance wire used to set off a pyrotechnic composition serving as pyrotechnic initiator . By passing of electric current it is heated to a high temperature that starts the exothermic chemical reaction of the attached composition . After successful firing , the bridgewire melts , resulting in an open circuit . Usually a thin nichrome wire is used . Some applications also use platinum-silver alloy ; other bridgewire materials in use are platinum , gold , silver , tungsten , etc. . Care has to be taken when selecting the material as it is in direct contact with the pyrotechnic composition and should not undergo corrosion in such conditions . Another material , able to actively release chemical energy , is Pyrofuze , aluminium wire clad with palladium ; when being heated it undergoes strongly exothermic reaction as the molten metals form an alloy . A variant with the same function consists of laminated thin alternate layers of aluminium and nickel . Carbon bridge is a thin spot of colloidal graphite used as the bridgewire . Some variants use a conductive pyrotechnic composition as the resistive material . In amateur rocketry , grossly overloaded low wattage metal film resistors and 0805 Surface-mount technology resistors are also used . A shallow notch cut into the center of the bridgewire promotes gross localized overheating instead of homogeneous heating of the entire bridgewire . This may improve the bridgewire performance in some applications . Bridgewires are used in diverse applications ; to trigger detonators , electric matches , squibs , electric blasting caps , pyrotechnic fasteners , and more . Bridgewires dipped in a suitable pyrotechnic composition ( pyrogen ) are known as electric matches . Pyrogens with content of magnesium allow reaching very high combustion temperatures . Devices using bridgewires , whether for initiating an explosion ( `` electroexplosive '' ) or for nonexplosive purposes , are called bridge wire actuated devices ( BWAD ) . Bridgewires , especially connected to longer cables , may be susceptible to initiation by currents induced by external electromagnetic fields . By passing an extremely high amount of electric current through the bridgewire , it gets rapidly vaporized , causing a small explosion . This is exploited in exploding-bridgewire detonators ( EBWs ) , used for very safe and highly precise initiation of explosives , e.g. in nuclear weapons .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "57531ef3d1b2b1100ae9c257dff22286", "text": "Rope (data structure) In computer programming , a rope , or cord , is a data structure composed of smaller strings that is used to efficiently store and manipulate a very long string . For example , a text editing program may use a rope to represent the text being edited , so that operations such as insertion , deletion , and random access can be done efficiently .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "897c3942b85f2060a5357e7de8d263b0", "text": "Pullstring A pullstring ( pull string , pull-string ) , pullcord ( pull cord , pull-cord ) , or pullchain ( pull-chain , pull chain ) is a string , cord , or chain wound on a spring-loaded spindle that engages a mechanism when it is pulled . It is most commonly used in toys and motorized equipment . More generally and commonly , a pullstring can be any type of string , cord , rope , chain , or cable attached to an object in some way used to pull or mechanically manipulate part of it .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0e381be66c7452e5e635fc0082609077", "text": "Pile (textile) In textiles , pile is the raised surface or nap of a fabric , which is made of upright loops or strands of yarn . Examples of pile textiles are carpets , corduroy , velvet , plush , and Turkish towels . The word is derived from Latin pilus for `` hair '' The surface and the yarn in these fabrics are also called `` pile '' . In particular `` pile length '' or `` pile depth '' refer to the length of the yarn strands ( half-length of the loops ) . Pile length affects and is affected by knot density : `` The greater the knot density , the thinner the weft and warp yarns and the more weakly are they twisted ; the smaller the density , the coarser are the foundation yarns , '' and designs and motifs are also affected and affect pile depth : `` A carpet design with a high knot density is better adapted to intricate and curvilinear designs , which of necessity must have a shorter pile length to avoid looking blurry . A carpet with a lesser knot density is better adapted to bold , geometric designs and can utilize a long pile for softer , more reflective surface that appeals to the sense of touch . '' The types of pile include : loop pile uncut pile cut pile knotted pile tufted pile woven pile cord pile twist pile", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f54636ae9dbfb05bd889efce75e46778", "text": "Filament winding Filament winding is a fabrication technique mainly used for manufacturing open ( cylinders ) or closed end structures ( pressure vessels or tanks ) . The process involves winding filaments under tension over a rotating mandrel . The mandrel rotates around the spindle ( Axis 1 or X : Spindle ) while a delivery eye on a carriage ( Axis 2 or Y : Horizontal ) traverses horizontally in line with the axis of the rotating mandrel , laying down fibers in the desired pattern or angle . The most common filaments are glass or carbon and are impregnated in a bath with resin as they are wound onto the mandrel . Once the mandrel is completely covered to the desired thickness , the resin is cured . Depending on the resin system and its cure characteristics , often the rotating mandrel is placed in an oven or placed under radiant heaters until the part is cured . Once the resin has cured , the mandrel is removed or extracted , leaving the hollow final product . For some products such as gas bottles the ` mandrel ' is a permanent part of the finished product forming a liner to prevent gas leakage or as a barrier to protect the composite from the fluid to be stored . Filament winding is well suited to automation , and there are many applications , such as pipe and small pressure vessel that are wound and cured without any human intervention . The controlled variables for winding are fiber type , resin content , wind angle , tow or bandwidth and thickness of the fiber bundle . The angle at which the fiber has an effect on the properties of the final product . A high angle `` hoop '' will provide circumferential strength , while lower angle patterns ( polar or helical ) will provide greater longitudinal / axial tensile strength . Products currently being produced using this technique range from pipes , golf clubs , Reverse Osmosis Membrane Housings , oars , bicycle forks , bicycle rims , power and transmission poles , pressure vessels to missile casings , aircraft fuselages and lamp posts and yacht masts .", "title": "" } ]	fever
4b2fc95fb9f3b774f52f0a79e899a993	Don Henley has failed to release a live DVD.	[ { "docid": "9acb536d6069e9d228cb616854356a32", "text": "Don Henley Donald Hugh `` Don '' Henley ( born July 22 , 1947 ) is an American singer-songwriter , producer , and drummer , best known as a founding member of the Eagles before launching a successful solo career . Henley was the drummer and co-lead singer for the Eagles from 1971 to 1980 , when the band broke up , and from 1994 to 2016 , when they reunited . Henley sang the lead vocals on Eagles hits such as `` Witchy Woman '' , `` Desperado '' , `` Best of My Love '' , `` One of These Nights '' , `` Hotel California '' , `` Life in the Fast Lane '' , `` The Long Run '' and `` Get Over It '' . After the Eagles broke up in 1980 , Henley pursued a solo career and released his debut album I Ca n't Stand Still , in 1982 . He has released five studio albums , two compilation albums , and one live DVD . His solo hits include `` Dirty Laundry '' , `` The Boys of Summer '' , `` All She Wants to Do Is Dance '' , `` The Heart of the Matter '' , `` The Last Worthless Evening '' , `` Sunset Grill '' , `` Not Enough Love in the World '' , and `` The End of the Innocence '' . The Eagles have sold over 150 million albums worldwide , won six Grammy Awards , had five No. 1 singles , 17 Top 40 singles , and six No. 1 albums . They were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1998 and are the biggest selling American band in history . As a solo artist , Henley has sold over 10 million albums worldwide , had eight Top 40 singles , won two Grammy Awards and five MTV Video Music Awards . Combined with the Eagles and as a solo artist , Henley has released 25 Top 40 singles on the Billboard Hot 100 . He has also released seven studio albums with the Eagles and four as a solo artist . In 2008 , he was ranked as the 87th greatest singer of all time by the Rolling Stone magazine . Henley has also played a founding role in several environmental and political causes , most notably the Walden Woods Project . From 1994 to 2016 , he divided his musical activities between the Eagles and his solo career .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "fb5cab7f65f7254aeca9b38b9d2d528c", "text": "Wilco Live: Ashes of American Flags Wilco Live : Ashes of American Flags is a live performance DVD by the American alternative rock band Wilco . The film was released exclusively to independent record stores through Nonesuch Records on April 18 , 2009 , in coordination with Record Store Day . The wide-scale release of the DVD was April 28 , 2009 . Ashes was assembled by longtime collaborators Brendan Canty and Christoph Green of Trixie Films , who previously worked on frontman Jeff Tweedy 's solo DVD Sunken Treasure : Live in the Pacific Northwest . The live performances were recorded in February and March 2008 at Washington D.C. 's 9:30 Club , Nashville 's Ryman Auditorium , Mobile 's Mobile Civic Center , New Orleans ' Tipitina 's , and Tulsa 's Cain 's Ballroom . The DVD also features a Weblink , which allows the owner to download MP3s of the all 20 tracks on the DVD .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1035d21564b08b179e598f58d9d67e61", "text": "Tony Bennett and Lady Gaga: Cheek to Cheek Live! Tony Bennett and Lady Gaga : Cheek to Cheek Live ! is an American concert television special featuring live performances by Tony Bennett and Lady Gaga in support of their collaborative studio album , Cheek to Cheek , released in September 2014 . It was held at the Rose Theater of Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts in July following the announcement of the album 's release , and was aired on PBS on October 24 , 2014 , as part of the network 's Great Performances series . The concert was watched by an audience consisting of invited guests and students from New York schools . Bennett and Gaga were joined on stage by 39-piece orchestra and jazz musicians associated with both artists . A number of costumes were worn by Gaga , provided by designers including Roberto Cavalli , Michael Costello , Mathieu Mirano , Valentino as well as David Samuel Menkes . The special received one nomination at the 67th Primetime Emmy Awards . Bennett and Gaga performed a total of 13 songs from the album , including the number one singles on Billboards Jazz chart `` Anything Goes '' and `` I Ca n't Give You Anything but Love '' . Before the concert was aired , a number of promotional videos from the show were released . Additionally , PBS announced that the concert was filmed in 4K resolution . On January 20 , 2015 , the DVD and Blu-ray was released , and later for digital download on iTunes Store . It reached the top-ten of the record charts in many countries , reaching number one in the US and Belgium . Bennett and Gaga partnered with LG Electronic , who aired the concert across all retail chains in the United States , on LG 's 4K Ultra High-definition TV screens . Tony Bennett and Lady Gaga : Cheek to Cheek Live ! became the first concert to be streamed in 4K resolution . The show received positive reviews , with critics praising Gaga and Bennett 's vocals and their camaraderie on stage .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d22c304cc66a690bee251b92e1ae90f", "text": "Tangerine Tree Tangerine Tree was a fan project operating from 2002 through 2006 with the goal of collecting , preserving and distributing unreleased concerts and other audio material by the band Tangerine Dream . The creators of the Tangerine Tree project received permission from Tangerine Dream to release the collection on a strict non-profit basis . Several of the Tangerine Tree volumes have been used as the basis for official Tangerine Dream releases . The project collected just under 300 hours of material ( 291:39:26 ) . Material was collected from audience recordings , soundboard recordings , recordings of radio and TV transmissions and in some cases the purchase of studio masters . Only recordings of a high quality and a unique nature were considered for the core Tangerine Tree volumes . These recordings were professionally re-mastered and released on CD-R and accompanied by high quality artwork for the CD labels and case liners . Tangerine Leaves releases were based on material that did not meet the quality standards of the Tangerine Tree or from concerts that were not considered notable among a series of concerts . If a better source was found , a Tangerine Leaves volume might have been deprecated and replaced by a Tangerine Tree volume . Starting from 1980 , the music played during each of the shows in a single Tangerine Dream concert tour were very similar , so it was impractical to release many volumes of the Tangerine Tree with similar content . Audio DVD Tree volumes consisted of about two sets of the Tangerine Tree volumes on a DVD that played to a slideshow of the CD artwork . These releases were standard DVDs with a menu structure and were available in both PAL and NTSC versions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3413ed5c07c8ec2c43bd38dbdb453ce2", "text": "A Reality Tour (album) A Reality Tour is a live album by David Bowie that was released on 25 January 2010 . The album features 22 and 23 November 2003 performances in Dublin during his concert tour A Reality Tour . This is an audio version of the concert video of the same name , except that it adds three bonus tracks . The digital download on iTunes adds two more bonus tracks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fda15eef65faeb16437ff1c1b832e0d2", "text": "Eagles Greatest Hits, Vol. 2 Eagles Greatest Hits , Vol . 2 is the second compilation album by the Eagles . It features many of their biggest hits not on Their Greatest Hits ( 1971 -- 1975 ) , including `` Hotel California , '' their signature song . The album was released in 1982 , after the band 's breakup . That same year , Don Henley and Glenn Frey both released their debut solo albums . The compilation features eight combined tracks from Hotel California and The Long Run . Also included is `` After the Thrill Is Gone , '' an album track from One of These Nights . ( That song , with its title that summed up the state of the band at the time , was strategically placed as the last track on Greatest Hits , Vol . 2 . ) `` Seven Bridges Road , '' the single from 1980 's Eagles Live , rounds out the album , which has sold over 11 million copies in the U.S. since its release .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "199affdb3fb8fcd6325070138e44b0f0", "text": "Live at Royal Albert Hall 1971 Live at Royal Albert Hall is a live album by the American rock band The Byrds , released in 2008 on Sundazed Records . The album consists of recordings from the band 's appearance at the Royal Albert Hall in London , England on May 13 , 1971 . Although the tapes had been in lead guitarist Roger McGuinn 's possession since the concert took place , the album represents the first official release of all tracks . In addition to the regular CD release , Live at Royal Albert Hall 1971 was also released as a double album vinyl LP .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7ef268d2614a29c9c99bf48941df85c4", "text": "Please Don't Touch Please Do n't Touch ! is the second solo album by English guitarist Steve Hackett , and his first after leaving Genesis in 1977 . The album featured several guests including R&B singer Randy Crawford on `` Hoping Love Will Last '' , American folk icon Richie Havens on two songs , the drummer and vocalist for the progressive rock band Kansas ( Phil Ehart and Steve Walsh respectively ) , Frank Zappa alumnus Tom Fowler , Genesis concert drummer Chester Thompson ( also a Zappa alumnus ) , and Van der Graaf Generator violinist Graham Smith . This was also Hackett 's first album to feature his pioneering use of the Roland GR-500 Guitar Synthesizer . In 2005 , Please Do n't Touch ! was remastered and re-released by Hackett 's Camino Records label . The new edition features updated liner notes and three bonus tracks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bf1d65cd203adfbd1a36549828dcb73e", "text": "Live at Sturgis 2006 Live at Sturgis 2006 is a live concert DVD filmed by Canadian rock band , Nickelback . It is the band 's first live DVD since 2002 's release of Live at Home . The DVD was released exclusively at Walmart stores on December 2 , 2008 . The concert was filmed in 2006 in Sturgis , South Dakota during the tour supporting their album All the Right Reasons . The concert was at the Sturgis 2006 `` Rockin ' The Rally '' Show at the Sturgis Bike Rally . Filmed in Hi Definition by 15 cameras , there was a crowd of 35,000 attending the performance . The DVD was meant to be released in December 2007 , but was delayed to coincide with the release of their album Dark Horse which had come out on November 18 , 2008 , a year later . The Blu-ray Disc release of Live At Sturgis was released in late 2009 . It was certificated Gold by the RIAA .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bc7212a2969125051c05f04056192066", "text": "Elvis (1973 album) Elvis is a 1973 album by American singer and musician Elvis Presley . It sold over 1 million copies worldwide despite being released soon after the much more successful Aloha from Hawaii album . It is sometimes called The Fool album after one of the songs included in it , to differentiate it from the 1956 album of the same title . `` Fool '' was issued as a single and reached number 15 in the UK , backed by a live version of `` Steamroller Blues '' . `` Fool '' and `` Where Do I Go From Here '' were recorded in March 1972 . `` It 's Impossible '' is a live recording from the Hilton Hotel in Las Vegas from February 1972 . Tracks 3 , 4 , 6 -- 10 were leftovers from the March and May 1971 recording sessions at RCA 's Studio B in Nashville . Three songs feature Presley on piano : `` It 's Still Here '' , `` I 'll Take You Home Again , Kathleen '' and `` I Will Be True '' . These three selections were all released together for a second time as part of the 1980 boxed set , Elvis Aron Presley . The song `` Fool '' was also released in this collection . Four other songs in this album were also reissued in other albums : `` It 's Impossible '' ( Pure Gold , 1975 ) , `` Padre '' ( He Walks Beside Me , 1978 ) , '' ( That 's What You Get ) For Lovin ' Me '' ( A Canadian Tribute , 1978 ) and `` Do n't Think Twice , It 's All Right '' ( Our Memories Of Elvis Volume 2 , 1979 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc537674f91ab1f4ccea2d59ac584b65", "text": "Classic Albums Live Classic Albums Live is a concert series based in Toronto , Ontario , in which musicians perform a classic rock album in its entirety . The series was founded in 2003 by Craig Martin , a musician who had previously produced a series of boutique cabaret shows as well as composed music for television and film . The musicians go to great lengths to faithfully recreate every sound on the original album . They have performed with orchestras , sitarists , choirs and schools . The shows are treated like recitals with the album being performed in its entirety followed by a ` greatest hits ' set of the featured artist . Albums that have been performed include Led Zeppelin 's Led Zeppelin , Led Zeppelin II and Led Zeppelin IV , Bruce Springsteen 's Born to Run , Supertramp 's Crime of the Century and Breakfast in America , the Rolling Stones ' Sticky Fingers and Exile on Main St. , Fleetwood Mac 's Rumours , Eagles ' Hotel California , Guns N ' Roses ' Appetite for Destruction , Pink Floyd 's The Dark Side of the Moon , Wish You Were Here , The Wall and Animals , Queen 's A Night at the Opera , and the Beatles albums Rubber Soul , Revolver , Sgt. Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band , The Beatles ( AKA the `` White Album '' ) , and Abbey Road . In recent years , the series has presented concerts in a variety of cities , including Orlando , Florida , Los Angeles , Philadelphia , Akron , La Mirada , Jacksonville , Gainesville , Lakeland , Coral Springs , New York , New Jersey , Dallas , Houston , Uncasville , Connecticut , Las Vegas , Nevada , and Rochester , New York . On December 17 , 2006 , Classic Albums Live performed the entire 213-song Beatles song catalogue in one 13-hour concert at the Phoenix Concert Theatre in Toronto . A different lineup performs each album . There is a group of core musicians who are frequently part of the performances , including Nick Hildyard , Rob Phillips , Lindsay Clark , Leslea Keurvorst , Troy Feener , Clifton David , Dom Polito and Marty Morin . Occasionally , more famous Canadian musicians are brought in as well , including Mia Sheard , Kim Bingham , Nicholas Walsh , and ex-members of Moist . In some venues , they will bring in local musicians to fill needed spots . For example , on June 16 , 2006 , the group performed the Beatles ' Sgt. Pepper album at the Hard Rock Live in Orlando ; they brought in the Orlando Philharmonic Orchestra to fill in on the orchestral parts . When performing in Toronto , they usually play at Massey Hall . The producer of Classic Albums Live has created a musical called Gig which will run in 2016 . List of albums performed : The Beatles ' catalogue Led Zeppelin Led Zeppelin II Led Zeppelin IV Houses of the Holy Physical Graffiti In Through the Out Door Meddle The Dark Side of the Moon Animals Wish You Were Here The Wall A Night at the Opera Who 's Next Are You Experienced Boston Crime of the Century Breakfast in America The Last Waltz Rust Never Sleeps Harvest The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars OK Computer Ten Nevermind Regatta de Blanc Outlandos d'Amour The Joshua Tree London Calling Band on the Run Texas Flood Let It Bleed Sticky Fingers Some Girls Exile on Main St. Appetite for Destruction Highway to Hell Back in Black Born to Run Hotel California Rumours The Doors L.A. Woman Legend Pearl Paranoid Van Halen Thriller Purple Rain Nothing 's Shocking Woodstock 2112 Saturday Night Fever A Very Lennon Christmas Elton John Greatest Hits", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eb6bf16091b5aad9888ebb0ccd010da7", "text": "Live (Jonas Brothers album) LiVe is the second live album by Jonas Brothers and their final release as a band . It was released on November 26 , 2013 in the US exclusively on their website . The album was stylized as LiVe , with a `` V '' as number five in the Roman numeral , a reference to the original project , the cancelled fifth studio album . It was recorded between July 23 and August 16 , 2013 at Mohegan Sun Arena and Gibson Amphitheatre during the final tour .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "995f44cb12edd12332d690ff4d1538cc", "text": "One Night Only (video) One Night Only is a DVD of Ricky Martin 's live performance that was released in the United States in December 1999 . It was certified Platinum by the RIAA on May 31 , 2000 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2cfcb814a3be475c6c358cb6c14a1ce1", "text": "R40 Live R40 Live is the name for both the live audio album release , and the live video release , of Canadian rock band Rush 's R40 Live Tour . Both formats were released November 20 , 2015 . The performances were filmed on June 17 and 19 , 2015 , at Air Canada Centre , Toronto , Canada . The performance featured on Disc 3 of `` The Camera Eye '' was recorded in Kansas City , Missouri on July 9 , 2015 , and `` The Wreckers '' was recorded in Buffalo , New York . Additionally , `` Losing It '' was recorded in Los Angeles on August 1 . The audio CD album consists of three discs . Disc 1 contains the entire first set , disc 2 contains the second set , and disc 3 contains the encore , and seven bonus tracks . The video DVD/Blu-ray versions only contains the first three of the seven bonus tracks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "46a72614ecd24893b9884c8f81afd991", "text": "Ultimate Live Ultimate Live is a DVD by Pulp featuring two concerts , one from 1995 and the other one from 1998 . Both concerts had been previously released separately on VHS .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "05778601099a1cf1a6d236756df44af2", "text": "Henley (UK Parliament constituency) Henley is a constituency in Oxfordshire represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2008 by John Howell , a Conservative .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1ff6aa1bf26cf8210ec7e153e418bc32", "text": "Live Alive Tour The Live Alive Tour was a worldwide concert tour by American blues rock band Stevie Ray Vaughan and Double Trouble . Staged in support of their 1986 live album Live Alive , the band visited North America and Europe from 1986 through 1988 . A week before it began , guitarist and singer Stevie Ray Vaughan and bassist Tommy Shannon had achieved sobriety and it was their first tour after succeeding in overcoming their addictions . Consisting of six legs and 209 shows , the tour began in Towson , Maryland on November 22 , 1986 and concluded in New York City on December 31 , 1988 . The first four legs alternated between the United States and Canada , before the fifth leg visited Europe . The tour was mostly well-received and provoked positive reactions from music critics . The band 's 1989 album In Step , which included song ideas that were being performed on the tour , was recorded after the tour 's conclusion .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4c2ce80b5f73bb3e0c33a1c1d7cc3443", "text": "Live from London (Bon Jovi) Live From London is a live concert video from the American rock band Bon Jovi . It was the band 's first concert video and was shot at Wembley Stadium on June 25 , 1995 in front of 72,000 fans on the These Days Tour . Directed by David Mallet and produced by Andy Picheta , the release shows Bon Jovi performing some of their staple live hits , and also some songs from their album These Days . The approximate running time is 90 minutes , as some songs from the concert were cut from this release . For the production , Mallett and Picheta earned a nomination for Best Long Form Music Video at the 39th Annual Grammy Awards . The last track `` These Days '' is a music video featuring concert clips rather than a live performance .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "36d2092bd09d9d813e173d2003137dee", "text": "Live from Memphis (Wishbone Ash album) Live from Memphis was a live promotional recording by rock band Wishbone Ash . The promotional recording featured only a few tracks and was only released in America . On the 2002 remastered version of Argus ( 1972 ) the entire EP was included as bonus tracks", "title": "" }, { "docid": "27a6a822554537d9892a2689e3baebc3", "text": "Live at Watkins Glen Live at Watkins Glen is a 1995 album by the Band , presented by Capitol Records ( without the band 's involvement ) as a live album from the Summer Jam at Watkins Glen rock festival held outside Watkins Glen , New York , on July 28 , 1973 in front of 600,000 people . Garth Hudson 's organ solo , `` Too Wet to Work '' , and the plainly titled `` Jam '' come from the actual Watkins Glen concert , as does the introduction of the group by Bill Graham . The former track appears on the out-of-print 1994 box set Across The Great Divide , but the latter track is only present on the Watkins Glen disc . Other than those two tracks , the remainder of the tracks are actually outtakes from various studio sessions by the Band with overdubbed crowd noise to create the impression that the material was recorded at the Watkins Glen concert . `` Back to Memphis '' and `` Endless Highway '' are available on the 2001 re-release of Moondog Matinee , without the crowd overdubs . The rest of the tracks are available on the 2001 two-CD re-release of Rock of Ages as `` previously unavailable '' tracks , with the exception of `` Do n't Ya Tell Henry '' , which is replaced with an alternate cut featuring Bob Dylan . The true background of the album was revealed in the liner notes of the remastered Moondog Matinee CD . The following quote is from the 2001 liner notes , `` Chuck Berry 's Going Back To Memphis , on the other hand , was completed and ready for inclusion on the album Moondog Matinee but ended up being shelved in favor of Promised Land . This version has been released before complete with overdubbed audience sounds as the opening track on the fraudulent Live at Watkins Glen CD . No one in the Band was connected with that particular release which had been originally mastered sometime in the late 1970s or early 1980s , although not released until 1995 . The outtake of Endless Highway included here , which was recorded sometime between Cahoots and Moondog Matinee , was similarly included on the Watkins Glen CD with overdubbed audience . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d483a7f405388ce3794e855383253e40", "text": "Actual Miles: Henley's Greatest Hits Actual Miles : Henley 's Greatest Hits is the first greatest hits compilation album by American singer-songwriter Don Henley , released in 1995 . The album was the first compilation album released by Henley and it covered hits from all three of his solo albums throughout the 1980s . The album features three new songs , `` The Garden of Allah '' , `` You Do n't Know Me At All '' , and Henley 's cover of `` Everybody Knows '' . The collection peaked at # 48 on the charts and reached platinum status . `` The Garden Of Allah '' reached # 16 on the Mainstream Rock Tracks chart .", "title": "" } ]	fever
af730daeaa49d4efdb76ec9a33b8bbee	Usher is a music artist.	[ { "docid": "6bbc625d5dfd532099747611e395e8bf", "text": "Burn (Usher song) `` Burn '' is a song by American R&B singer Usher , which he wrote with American songwriters Jermaine Dupri , Bryan-Michael Cox . The song was produced by Dupri and Cox for Usher 's fourth studio album , Confessions ( 2004 ) . `` Burn '' is about breakup in a relationship , and the public referred to it as an allusion to Usher 's personal struggles . Originally planned as the album 's lead single , `` Burn '' was pushed back after favorable responses for the song `` Yeah ! '' `` Burn '' was released as the second single from the album on March 21 , 2004 . `` Burn '' topped various charts around the world , including the Billboard Hot 100 for eight non-consecutive weeks ; it succeeded `` Yeah ! '' at number one . Both singles gave Usher nineteen consecutive weeks at the top spot , longer than any solo artist of the Hot 100 era . `` Burn '' was certified platinum in Australia and United States , and gold in New Zealand . The song was well received by critics and garnered award nominations . In 2009 it was named the 21st most successful song of the 2000s , on the Billboard Hot 100 Songs of the Decade . This song won the 2005 Kids ' Choice Award for Favorite Song .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a7b8ed7b2786e1f0da4be49a09c799ce", "text": "Usher (album) Usher is the eponymous debut studio album by American singer Usher . It was released on August 30 , 1994 , by LaFace Records . As executive producer , Sean `` Puffy '' Combs mostly did the production work on this album , as well as the additional production that were provided by Chucky Thompson , DeVante Swing and Al B. Sure ! , among others . The album debuted at number 167 on the US Billboard 200 . The release of the album was accompanied by the supported of three singles : `` Can U Get wit It '' , `` Think of You '' and `` The Many Ways '' . To date , the album has sold over 200,000 copies in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2366c8a44fdac0c501559657649befbf", "text": "Usher (musician) Usher Raymond IV ( born October 14 , 1978 ) is an American singer , songwriter , dancer , and actor . Born in Dallas , Texas but raised and lived in Chattanooga , Tennessee until moving to Atlanta , Georgia . At the age of 12 , his mother put him in local singing competitions , before catching the attention of a music A&R from LaFace Records . In 1994 , he released his self-titled debut album , Usher . He rose to fame in the late 1990s with the release of his sophomore album My Way ( 1997 ) , which spawned his first U.S. Billboard Hot 100 number-one single , `` Nice & Slow '' , amongst top-two singles `` You Make Me Wan na ... '' and `` My Way '' . 8701 ( 2001 ) produced the number-one singles `` U Remind Me '' and `` U Got It Bad '' , and top-three single `` U Do n't Have to Call '' . It sold 8 million copies worldwide and won his first two Grammy Awards as Best Male R&B Vocal Performance in 2002 and 2003 . Confessions ( 2004 ) established him as one of the best-selling musical artists of the 2000s decade , selling 20 million copies worldwide . Bolstered by its four consecutive Billboard Hot 100 number one singles ; `` Yeah ! '' , `` Burn '' , `` Confessions Part II '' , and `` My Boo '' , it has been certified Diamond by the RIAA . Here I Stand ( 2008 ) and Raymond v. Raymond ( 2010 ) , debuted atop of the Billboard 200 , and produced the Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles `` Love in This Club '' and `` OMG '' . The EP , Versus , also produced the Hot 100 top-five single `` DJ Got Us Fallin ' in Love '' . Looking 4 Myself ( 2012 ) , also debuted atop the Billboard 200 chart and produced the Hot 100 top-ten single `` Scream '' . Raymond v. Raymond and Looking 4 Myself received Grammy Awards for R&B singles `` There Goes My Baby '' and `` Climax '' . Hard II Love ( 2016 ) peaked at number five on the Billboard 200 albums chart . Usher has sold 23.8 million albums and 38.2 million digital songs in the United States . To date , his worldwide sales stand at 43 million albums and 75 million records overall , making him one of the best-selling music artists of all time . Usher has won numerous awards and accolades including 18 Billboard Music Awards and 8 Grammy Awards . At the end of 2009 , Billboard named him the second most successful artist of the 2000s decade , the number-one Hot 100 artist of the 2000s decade , and ranked Confessions as the top solo album of the 2000s decade . Billboard also placed him at number 6 on their list of `` Top 50 R&B / Hip-Hop Artists of the Past 25 Years '' . Usher has attained 9 US Hot 100 number-one singles . Considered an icon and sex symbol , he was inducted into the Georgia Music Hall of Fame and Hollywood Walk of Fame . In 2008 , he started his own record label Raymond-Braun Media Group ( RBMG ) ; a joint venture with talent manager Scooter Braun that includes Canadian singer Justin Bieber .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "21e95dc5d30daecc4fff94a613ae5eb3", "text": "8701 8701 is the third studio album by American singer Usher ; it was first released on August 7 , 2001 , by Arista Records . Recording was handled by several producers including The Neptunes , Jermaine Dupri , Babyface , Kevin `` She ` kspere '' Briggs , Mike City , Bryan Michael Cox , Jimmy Jam & Terry Lewis . Although intended for an October 31 , 2000 , release under the title All About U , the album was delayed numerous times , following the leak of several tracks onto the online music store Napster . Usher subsequently recorded new tracks and released the album under the new title , 8701 , which is derived from Usher singing for the first time in his local church in 1987 and the album 's release date of 2001 . 8701 takes inspiration from multiple artists , including Donny Hathaway , Stevie Wonder , Marvin Gaye , and Michael Jackson . It follows the theme of Usher 's relationship experience , along with the emotions of love and heartache . Usher promoted the album by embarking on the supporting tour , Evolution 8701 Tour in 2002 , to which it he performed in forty-four shows across North America . He also made appearances in television shows , including Live ! with Kelly and Total Request Live . 8701 produced two Billboard Hot 100 number one singles -- `` U Remind Me '' and `` U Got It Bad '' stayed on top for four and five weeks , respectively . The album debuted at number four on the US Billboard 200 chart , with 210,000 copies sold in its first week . It has sold over 4.7 million copies in the United States , receiving a 4 × platinum certification from the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) ; worldwide sales stand at over eight million . 8701 received generally positive reviews from critics , who praised Usher 's vocals and development as an artist , but were ambivalent towards some of the album 's material . The album earned Usher numerous awards , including two Grammy Awards , three Billboard Music Awards and a BET Award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9444b450696aa8ca108637c5d42d5b96", "text": "Looking 4 Myself Looking 4 Myself is the seventh studio album by American singer Usher . It was released on June 8 , 2012 , by RCA Records . In October 2011 , it was announced that the disbandment have been occurred between Usher and the J/LaFace imprint . The album includes these several producers that were involved and have provided with its production ; including Diplo , Rico Love , Jim Jonsin , Salaam Remi , Pharrell Williams and Max Martin , among others . It features these several guest vocalists ; including Luke Steele and ASAP Rocky . Inspired by the electronic duo Empire of the Sun and listening to music originating from several locations , Usher intended the album to contain a more experimental sound , that remained relevant to the music of its time . Defined as `` revolutionary pop '' by the singer , critics noted that Looking 4 Myself incorporates the genres R&B , pop , hip hop , electronic , Europop and dubstep . Critic Barry Walters has described it as a key release in the emerging alternative R&B genre . Upon its release , Looking 4 Myself received generally positive reviews from contemporary music critics . Most of them praised the album 's diversity in music genre , while some were ambivalent towards its pop material and lack of structure . The album debuted atop the US Billboard 200 chart , selling 128,000 copies in its first week , becoming Usher 's fourth number one album in the country . As of October 2014 , Looking 4 Myself has sold 504,000 copies in the United States , according to Nielsen SoundScan . Worldwide , it attained top-ten positions in over eight other countries including Australia , Canada , Germany and the United Kingdom . Looking 4 Myself was supported by five singles : `` Climax '' , `` Scream '' , `` Lem me See '' featuring Rick Ross , `` Numb '' and `` Dive '' . `` Climax '' peaked in the top-twenty on the Billboard Hot 100 chart , and topped the Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Songs chart for eleven weeks . `` Scream '' peaked in the top-ten on the Hot 100 and several other countries . `` Numb '' obtained moderate international chart success and peaked at number 69 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart . Usher promoted for the Looking 4 Myself by performing in several shows ; including the off-broadway show Fuerza Bruta : Look Up , Saturday Night Live and Good Morning America , among others . The tour has further be promoting the album , however , it was cancelled due to the singer 's obligation as a coach on The Voice .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e879f4ff4d0518fe370b103ec1c3921", "text": "Here I Stand (Usher album) Here I Stand is the fifth studio album by American singer Usher , released on May 13 , 2008 by LaFace Records . Inspired by love for his new wife -- Tameka Foster -- and son , Usher recorded many ballads for the album . Prior to the album 's recording , Usher split with his mother , Jonnetta Patton , as manager and hired Benny Medina . Usher 's estranged father died months before the release of Here I Stand ; this also influenced themes of the album . It was originally to be titled `` Measure of a Man '' , but Usher named it Here I Stand to mark `` a new chapter in -LSB- his -RSB- life '' . Usher promoted Here I Stand by performing on several television shows including Total Request Live , 106 & Park and Good Morning America . Among other concert appearances , he embarked on a One Night Stand : Ladies Only Tour , performing fifteen shows in November 2008 . Six singles were released from Here I Stand : `` Love in This Club '' , `` Love in This Club Part II '' , `` Moving Mountains '' , `` What 's Your Name '' , `` Here I Stand '' and `` Trading Places '' . `` Love in This Club '' , which features rapper Young Jeezy , topped the Billboard Hot 100 and New Zealand Singles Chart . Here I Stand received generally positive reviews from music critics , who viewed it as a sign of growth and maturity from Usher , although others were unimpressed by the change in style from his 2004 album Confessions . It debuted atop the Billboard 200 , and sold 433,000 copies in the US in its first week of release , and has since sold 1.3 million copies in that country . The album also reached number one on the Canadian Albums Chart , UK Albums Chart and Australian Albums Chart , and has sold five million units worldwide . Although it had sold two million copies by August 2008 , Here I Stand was seen as a commercial failure relative to Confessions , which had sold nineteen million copies . Tyler Lewis of PopMatters put the album 's limited success down to Usher 's and Foster 's marriage ; he believed that Usher 's fans disliked Foster .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "58a3c80495733a85b5d1a9cd5d511ce3", "text": "Versus (EP) Versus is the first extended play by American singer Usher . It was released on July 20 , 2010 on LaFace Records and Jive Records in conjunction with the deluxe edition of his sixth studio album Raymond v. Raymond . Several producers contributed to the production of the EP , including Polow da Don , Jim Jonsin , Rico Love , Drumma Boy , Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis , and Max Martin . Versus is marked as `` the last chapter of Raymond v. Raymond '' , and follows the theme of Usher exploring around the subjects of being newly single and a father . Preceding the EP 's release was the lead single `` DJ Got Us Fallin ' in Love '' , which achieved international success . The song peaked at number four on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 , and peaked inside the top-ten in several other countries singles charts . `` Hot Tottie '' and `` Lay You Down '' were released as the second and third singles , respectively , with the former becoming a US top-thirty hit . To promote the album , Usher appeared in several award and television shows , including Good Morning America , The Ellen DeGeneres Show and Jimmy Kimmel Live ! . Versus debuted at number four on the US Billboard 200 chart , selling 46,000 copies in its first week . It became Usher 's sixth top-ten album in the United States , and has since , sold 302,000 copies in the country . Despite some criticism towards its pop-oriented material , the EP received generally positive reviews from most music critics . It earned Usher several nominations , including a Billboard Music Award , an International Dance Music Award and a NRJ Music Award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5ea05a306e86225e574c9da9421fa712", "text": "Climax (Usher song) `` Climax '' is a song by American R&B singer Usher . It was released on February 22 , 2012 , by RCA Records as the lead single from 2012 studio album Looking 4 Myself . The song was written by Usher , Ariel Rechtshaid , Redd Stylez , and Diplo , who also produced the song . Usher and Diplo worked on the song for two months as part of their collaboration for the former 's album . The song is a quiet storm slow jam with electronic influences , and lyrics about the turning point of a relationship . According to Usher , the song is primarily about the complications of a relationship , despite the lyrics ' sexual overtones . As a single , `` Climax '' debuted at number 81 on the Billboard Hot 100 , with 31,000 digital units sold in its first week . It peaked at number 17 and charted for 20 weeks , and also reached number one on the Billboard Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Songs , becoming Usher 's 12th number-one single on the chart . `` Climax '' was well received by music critics , who commended its musical direction , Usher 's singing , and Diplo 's production . Rolling Stone and Entertainment Weekly named it one of the best singles of 2012 . In 2013 , `` Climax '' won Usher a Grammy Award for Best R&B Performance .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a2fd748e9f92e93c87871180dd2f1e9b", "text": "Confessions (Usher album) Confessions is the fourth studio album by American singer Usher . It was released on March 23 , 2004 , by Arista Records . Recording sessions for the album took place during 2003 to 2004 , with its production handled by his longtime collaborator Jermaine Dupri , alongside with Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis and Lil Jon , among others . Primarily an R&B album , Confessions showcases Usher as a crooner through a mixture of ballads and up-tempos , incorporating musical genres of dance-pop , hip hop and crunk . The album 's themes generated controversy about Usher 's personal relationships ; however , the album 's primary producer Jermaine Dupri claimed the album reflects his personal story . The album became an instant commercial success in the United States , selling 1.1 million copies in its first week . Its continued success was bolstered by its four chart-topping singles . To begin strategizing of boosting its sales amid threats of bootlegging , the special edition for the album was issued , which includes the hit single , `` My Boo '' ; a duet with Alicia Keys . Despite some mixed criticism towards its lyrical substance , Confessions received mostly positive reviews and earned Usher several awards ; including the Grammy Award for Best Contemporary R&B Album . The album has been regarded by music writers as Usher 's greatest work , and according to Billboard , is the second best-selling album of the 2000s decade in the United States . With over eight million copies sold in 2004 , the album 's commercial success was viewed as a sign of recovering album sales in the US , following three years of decline . It was also exemplary of urban music 's commercial peak and dominance of the Billboard charts in 2004 . Confessions has been certified Diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) and , as of 2016 , has sold over 11 million copies in the US and over 20 million copies worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8de65c1d33bf6ece2c55a4277ec90933", "text": "My Way (Usher song) `` My Way '' is a 1998 single from Usher 's 1997 album of the same name . It features an uncredited rap and background vocals from Jermaine Dupri . Despite moderate airplay , the single sold well and reached # 2 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 . Its rise to # 1 , however , was halted due to the success of the mega-hit `` The Boy Is Mine '' by Brandy and Monica , during its 13-week run atop the summit . Due to the disappointment of the `` Nice and Slow '' single in the U.K. , `` My Way '' was not released as a single there . The song features in the Refrain part of the lyrics and the music of the song by Lil ' Troy `` Wan na Be a Baller '' from his debut album `` Sittin ' Fat Down South '' published officially one month before Usher 's song .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "af53d88cbc7d945f104bc5cb27ff50fa", "text": "Hard II Love Hard II Love is the eighth studio album by American singer Usher . It was released on September 16 , 2016 , by RCA Records . The production on the album was provided by Brandon `` B.A.M. '' Hodge , Rock City , Pop & Oak , PartyNextDoor , D'Mile , Tricky Stewart , The-Dream , Metro Boomin , Raphael Saadiq among others . The album features several guest vocalists from Young Thug and Future . The album was supported by four singles : `` No Limit '' , `` Crash '' , `` Missin U '' and `` Rivals '' . The album was available for online streaming on June 13 , 2016 exclusively through the streaming service Tidal , which Usher co-owns . On June 16 , 2016 , it was released for paid purchase on other digital download and online streaming services on September 16 , 2016 . The album debuted at number five on the Billboard 200 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0e63bed22f8ce75106471131ae27ab7a", "text": "Grammy Award for Best Male R&B Vocal Performance The Grammy Award for Best Male R&B Vocal Performance was awarded between 1968 and 2011 . The award has had several minor name changes : In 1968 it was awarded as Best R&B Solo Vocal Performance , Male From 1969 to 1994 it was awarded as Best R&B Vocal Performance , Male Since 1995 it has been awarded as Best Male R&B Vocal Performance The award category was discontinued in 2012 as part of a major overhaul of the Grammy categories . It was merged with Best Female R&B Vocal Performance and Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals into a single category for Best R&B Performance . Years reflect the year in which the Grammy Awards were presented , for works released in the previous year .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "a96f2e972590cd1956fd525f33f19775", "text": "Aspire Music Group Aspire Music Group , LLC is an American record label founded by Cortez Bryant , Gerald `` Gee '' Roberson and Derrick Lawrence in 2008 . Their roster currently only includes multi-platinum Canadian rapper Drake .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "38c2c4b2a8ee2dabc22e6f59e4c9f5a5", "text": "E=MC² (Mariah Carey album) E = MC ² is the eleventh studio album by American singer and songwriter Mariah Carey . It was released in the United States on April 15 , 2008 by Island Records . The singer began recording the album in 2007 in Anguilla , after writing and composing most of its material during and after her 2006 Adventures of Mimi Tour . Carey worked with several notable songwriters and producers during the course of the project , including Jermaine Dupri , Bryan-Michael Cox , Stargate , The-Dream , Tricky Stewart , Scott Storch and Danja . The album revealed a more personal side of the singer , illustrated in its declarative theme of emancipation from her previous marriage , and from her personal and professional setbacks . Although it shared similar vocal production as well as an inclination to her signature pop and R&B ballads , the album also encompassed a variety of dance-oriented and uptempo styles . It was meant to be a continuation , or a second part of her tenth studio album , The Emancipation of Mimi ( 2005 ) . Carey collaborated with a number of artists on the album , including T-Pain , Damian Marley and Young Jeezy . Though considered by critics very similar to the formula its predecessor had been built on , E = MC ² included other genres she had never explored , such as reggae , and her continued recording of gospel-influenced hymns . E = MC ² was generally well received by music critics , with many complimenting the record 's broad genre influences , and musical and production styles . Some critics , however , felt that the album was too similar to The Emancipation of Mimi , and did n't offer anything new from the formula . The album debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 with opening week sales of 463,000 copies ; the highest first-week sales of Carey 's career . It opened inside the top-five on the albums chart in Australia , Canada , Switzerland and the United Kingdom . The album achieved worldwide sales of over 2.5 million copies . Four singles were commission in promotion of the album . The album 's lead single , `` Touch My Body '' , became Carey 's eighteenth chart topper on the Billboard Hot 100 , making her the solo artist with the most number one singles in United States history , surpassing the record held by Elvis Presley . Additionally , it gave Carey her 79th week atop the chart , tying Presley for most weeks at number one . It achieved strong worldwide charting , peaking within the top five of the singles charts in Italy , Japan , New Zealand , Switzerland and the United Kingdom . `` Bye Bye '' served as the album 's second release . Although hailed by critics , and expected to have achieved large commercial success , the song stalled at number nineteen on the Hot 100 , and managed to chart weakly internationally . Both the third and fourth singles , `` I 'll Be Lovin ' U Long Time '' and `` I Stay in Love '' failed to garner success in any prominent music market .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7bd8af40bad9af60b6e40673b746a063", "text": "Country Music Association The Country Music Association ( CMA ) was founded in 1958 in Nashville , Tennessee . It originally consisted of only 233 members and was the first trade organization formed to promote a music genre . The objectives of the organization are to guide and enhance the development of Country Music throughout the world ; to demonstrate it as a viable medium to advertisers , consumers , and media ; and to provide a unity of purpose for the Country Music industry . However the CMA may be best known to most country music fans for its annual Country Music Association Awards broadcast live on network television each fall ( usually October or November ) . Initially , CMA 's Board of Directors included nine directors and five officers . Wesley Rose , president of Acuff-Rose Publishing , Inc. , served as CMA 's first chairman of the board . Broadcasting entrepreneur and executive Connie B. Gay was the founding president . Originally there were nine individual membership categories . The current 15 categories represent all facets of the music industry . Organizational memberships are also available . CMA membership is composed of those persons or organizations that are involved in Country Music , directly and substantially . The first CMA Awards ceremony was held in 1967 in Nashville . Sonny James and Bobbie Gentry hosted the event , which was not televised . The winner of the first `` Entertainer of the Year '' award was singer Eddy Arnold . `` Male Vocalist of the Year '' went to Jack Greene and `` Female Vocalist of the Year '' to Loretta Lynn . In 1968 , Roy Rogers and Dale Evans hosted the awards , which were presented at the Ryman Auditorium in Nashville . ( The ceremony was filmed and televised on NBC a few weeks later . ) The first live telecast of the show was in 1969 . Annual awards are given in the following twelve categories : Entertainer of the Year , Male Vocalist , Female Vocalist , New Artist of the Year ( formerly the Horizon Award ) , Vocal Group , Vocal Duo , Single , Album , Song , Music Event , Music Video , and Musician . The CMA also gives a `` CMA Broadcast Award '' to country-formatted radio stations each year . Broadcast Awards are segmented based on market size , major market ( Arbitron Ranking 1 -- 25 ) , large market ( Arbitron Ranking 26 -- 50 ) , medium market ( Arbitron Ranking 51 -- 100 ) , and small market ( All other Markets ) . A single station can not win the award in consecutive years . In honor of the association 's 50th anniversary , MCA Nashville released a song called `` Forever Country '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d967cde56fee7f0fced8c4cd9540e289", "text": "Shinee discography South Korean boy band Shinee , produced and managed by S.M. Entertainment , has been in the music business since 2008 and have currently released eleven studio albums ( one of which was divided into two parts ) , four live albums , nine video albums , five extended plays ( EPs ) , thirty singles and thirty-five music videos . They have also participated in singing ten soundtracks for various Korean dramas and have been a part of the SM Town 's winter vacation album 2011 Winter SMTown -- The Warmest Gift and the summer vacation album 2009 Summer SMTown -- We Are Shining with other fellow SM artists . Shinee debuted in May 2008 with their first EP Replay which spawned the single `` Noona Neomu Yeppeo ( Replay ) '' and their first studio album The Shinee World . It peaked at number three on the MIAK ( Music Industry Association of Korea ) chart and was later re-released as Amigo ( 2008 ) . The album spawned two more singles : `` Love Like Oxygen '' and `` Amigo '' . Shinee 's second EP , Romeo was released 2009 which contained their fourth single , `` Juliette '' . The release was soon followed by their third EP , 2009 , Year of Us ( 2009 ) with the lead single `` Ring Ding Dong '' . Their second studio album , Lucifer was released in 2010 and peaked at number one on the Gaon Album Chart and produced a Korean top ten singles , `` Lucifer '' . The 2010 reissue of the album titled Hello also charted at number one on the Gaon Album Chart and sold over 80,000 physical units in South Korea . It spawned the Gaon Digital Chart top 10 single `` Hello '' , which sold over one million digital copies . Shinee 's fourth EP , Sherlock was released in 2012 . The lead single `` Sherlock ( Clue + Note ) '' claimed the top spot on the Gaon Digital Chart and charted third on the Korea K-Pop Hot 100 chart and became the groups highest-selling digital single in South Korea , with over 1.7 million digital downloads . In 2013 , Shinee released two-part studio albums Dream Girl -- The Misconceptions of You and Why So Serious ? -- The Misconceptions of Me , which were later re-released as The Misconceptions of Us ( 2013 ) . The same year , the boys released their fifth EP Everybody and another number one single `` Everybody '' . In 2015 Shinee released their fourth studio album Odd with the lead single `` View '' which claimed the top of the charts . The re-release of the album Married to the Music was released the same year with four additional songs . Shinee was one of the biggest-selling K-pop acts in America in 2013 , becoming one of the first Korean musicians to rank of Billboard 's year-end World Albums chart . A Japanese version of `` Replay '' , released as `` Replay ( Kimi wa Boku no Everything ) '' , was Shinee 's first Japanese-language release and peaked at number two on the Oricon Chart . In the first week of sales , it sold over 100,000 copies giving them second place on the Oricon Weekly Chart . It is also the most sales a Korean idol group has had for their debut in their first week of sales . They then released their first Japanese studio album , The First ( 2011 ) . Their first original Japanese song , `` Dazzling Girl '' , which was released as a double A-side single with another Japanese original song `` Run With Me '' , ranked on place two on the Oricon Charts and was certificated with the `` Gold '' status . The group released their second Japanese album Boys Meet U in 2013 . This was followed by their third , fourth and fifth studio albums I 'm Your Boy ( 2014 ) , D × D × D ( 2016 ) and `` Five '' ( 2017 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "723f6b9d37bc3e99df2e9cfa36ad5a47", "text": "Human Being (album) Human Being is the third album by Seal , released in 1998 . The title track was written about late rappers Tupac Shakur and The Notorious B.I.G. Human Being received mixed reviews ranging from being panned for its overtly dark and moody feel , to being described in terms such as `` pop perfection '' . The album failed to sell in the same way as his 1994 multi-platinum album , Seal . However , it is a fan favourite and was inspired by his then-girlfriend , Tyra Banks and their breakup . A remix of `` Lost My Faith '' was featured over the closing credits of the 1999 film Entrapment , and the song 's single release was accompanied by a music video in which Seal is integrated into scenes from the film alongside Sean Connery and Catherine Zeta-Jones . The album sold over 500,000 copies worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bb15bcc714c715eae349eaf85f89ea1a", "text": "Whitney Houston discography The discography of American singer Whitney Houston ( 1963 -- 2012 ) consists of seven studio albums , six compilations , two soundtrack albums , five box sets , six extended plays , and fifty-seven singles . In 1985 , Houston released her self-titled debut album . It spent fourteen weeks at number one on the Billboard 200 and was certified thirteen times platinum ( Diamond ) by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) , with global sales of 25 million copies . The album produced four US top 5 singles , including three Billboard Hot 100 number-ones . In 1987 , Houston released her second album Whitney . The album debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 and was supported by four US number-one singles : `` I Wan na Dance with Somebody ( Who Loves Me ) '' , `` Did n't We Almost Have It All '' , `` So Emotional '' , and `` Where Do Broken Hearts Go '' , which established an unprecedented seven consecutive number one hits by a performer . Whitney was certified 9 × Platinum by the RIAA and topped the charts in numerous countries , having sold in excess of 20 million copies worldwide . Houston 's third studio album , I 'm Your Baby Tonight ( 1990 ) , peaked at number three on the Billboard 200 chart and yielded two number-one singles ; `` I 'm Your Baby Tonight '' and `` All the Man That I Need '' , selling 10 million units worldwide . In February 1991 , Houston released `` The Star Spangled Banner '' performance from Super Bowl XXV as a single , becoming the highest-charting rendition of the national anthem on the Billboard Hot 100 chart . The Bodyguard soundtrack from her film debut , was released in November 1992 . The album contains tracks by other recording artists but is considered a Houston album by Billboard . It topped the Billboard 200 for twenty non-consecutive weeks , one of the longest tenures by an album in the Nielsen SoundScan era . The album was certified 17 × Platinum the United States and sold over 45 million copies worldwide , becoming the best-selling soundtrack album and one of the top 5 best-selling albums of all time . The lead single from the soundtrack , `` I Will Always Love You '' , topped the Billboard Hot 100 chart for a then-record-breaking fourteen weeks and was certified 6 × Platinum by the RIAA , peaked at number one on the charts in nearly every country and sold 12 million copies worldwide , becoming one of the best-selling singles of all time . Houston contributed three songs , including her eleventh number-one single `` Exhale ( Shoop Shoop ) '' on the 7x platinum soundtrack album , Waiting to Exhale ( November 1995 ) . The following year she released The Preacher 's Wife in November 1996 . The soundtrack was certified 3x Platinum by the RIAA and became the biggest selling gospel album of all time . In 1998 , she released her first studio album in eight years , My Love Is Your Love . The album failed to match the commercial status of her previous albums , peaking at number thirteen , her lowest chart position on the Billboard 200 among her studio albums . Despite initial weak sales , the album went on to achieve multi-platinum status with 11 million units sold worldwide , being certified 4 × Platinum in the United States . From late 1998 to early 2000 , the album generated five singles ; `` When You Believe '' ( duet with Mariah Carey ) , `` Heartbreak Hotel '' , `` It 's Not Right but It 's Okay '' , `` My Love Is Your Love '' , and `` I Learned from the Best '' . Houston entered the 2000s with her first greatest hits compilation , Whitney : The Greatest Hits , released in May 2000 . The double-disc was certified 3 × Platinum by the RIAA in 2002 and earned 5 × Platinum award posthumously , recognizing 2.6 million in sales throughout the United States . The album hit the top position on the UK Albums Chart and sold over 1.66 million copies in the UK alone . Also , it reached the top ten in many worldwide markets , selling 10 million copies globally . Just Whitney , released in December 2002 , became her first album after renewing her contract with Arista for a record $ 100 million in 2001 . The album failed to earn multi-platinum status , receiving only Platinum award in the US , and became her lowest-selling studio album to date . She released a holiday album , One Wish : The Holiday Album in November 2003 . In September 2009 , Houston returned to the top position of the Billboard 200 with I Look to You , becoming her fourth number-one album on the chart ; which was her first non-soundtrack number-one in 22 years , since 1987 's Whitney . It also topped the album charts of several European countries and was certified Platinum by the RIAA . Her albums Whitney Houston , Whitney , The Bodyguard and Whitney : The Greatest Hits are among the top 100 certified albums according to the RIAA . According to the RIAA , Houston is the top-selling R&B female artist of the 20th century , and the fourth best-selling female artist in the United States , with shipments of 57 million albums . In addition , until the launch of the RIAA 's digital certification program in 2004 , she had sold 16.5 million physical singles more than any other female solo artist in history . According to the Official UK Charts Company in October 2012 , Houston is at number four in the top 10 biggest selling female singles artists of all-time list with a sales total of 8.5 million singles . Whitney Houston is one of pop music 's best-selling music artists of all-time , with an estimated 170 -- 200 million records sold worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b85e5e535df1e04c710a447ce2233eb7", "text": "Just Whitney Just Whitney is the fifth studio album by American recording artist Whitney Houston , released on December 10 , 2002 in North America by Arista Records . It was her first studio album in four years , since 1998 's My Love Is Your Love , and after signing her new $ 100 million Arista contract in 2001 . The album debuted at number nine on the Billboard 200 , and number three of Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums , with sales of 205,147 copies in the first week , not only beating her previous high first-week sales of 177,284 units with the Waiting to Exhale soundtrack but also logged her highest debut sales out of her SoundScan-era solo albums . The album received mixed reviews from music critics . It spawned four official singles -- with three ; `` Whatchulookinat '' , `` Love That Man '' and `` Try It on My Own '' peaking at number one on Billboards Hot Dance Club Play chart . `` Try It on My Own '' also peaked at number 10 on Billboards Adult Contemporary singles . Since its release , Just Whitney ... has gone on to sell/ship more than 2 million units worldwide and has also earned Platinum certification in the US and Switzerland and Gold in France , Brazil and other countries . As of 2012 , the album 's US sales stand at approximately 1 million units . In 2003 , Just Whitney ... was nominated at the Soul Train Lady of Soul Awards in the category for Best R&B / Soul Album of the Year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc0b21e34c9e5087548659e5924ca779", "text": "Grand Hustle Records Grand Hustle Records ( formerly Grand Hustle Entertainment ) , also known as Hustle Gang Music , is an Atlanta , Georgia-based record label , founded in 2001 , by American hip hop recording artist T.I. and his business partner Jason Geter . Up until December 2012 , the label was distributed by Atlantic Records . It currently operates as an independent record label . The label is home to artists such as B.o.B , Young Dro , Trae tha Truth and Travis Scott , among others . The label also houses a roster of record producers , including DJ Toomp , Lil ' C , Mars , Nard & B , TrackSlayerz and more . The label has released 26 studio albums in total , with 13 of them being certified gold or higher , by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) . Additionally , the label has released five albums that reached number one on the US Billboard 200 chart , namely King ( 2006 ) , T.I. vs. T.I.P. ( 2007 ) , Paper Trail ( 2008 ) , The Adventures of Bobby Ray ( 2010 ) and Birds in the Trap Sing McKnight ( 2016 ) . Furthermore , Grand Hustle has released multiple top 40 hit singles , including `` Bring 'Em Out '' , `` What You Know '' , `` Shoulder Lean '' , `` Whatever You Like '' , `` Live Your Life '' , `` Dead and Gone '' , `` Nothin ' on You '' , `` Airplanes '' , `` Magic '' , `` Strange Clouds '' , `` So Good '' , `` Both of Us '' , `` Antidote '' and more .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ae461b624ecc0e28aed0b203858f26e0", "text": "Dirty Dancer `` Dirty Dancer '' is a song by Spanish recording artist Enrique Iglesias and American recording artist Usher , recorded for Iglesias ' sixth studio album , Euphoria , and included on Usher 's EP Versus . A remix of the song , which features American rapper Lil Wayne and American singer Nayer , was released on 9 May 2011 by Universal Music Group as the sixth single from Euphoria . Written by the two singers with Evan Bogart , Erika Nuri and David Quiñones and producer RedOne , `` Dirty Dancer '' is a dance-pop song with rave music influences . The album version of `` Dirty Dancer '' appeared on the UK Singles Chart , the Dutch Single Top 100 and the Slovakian Radio Top 100 Oficiálna , while the single version entered the Australian Singles Chart , the New Zealand Singles Chart and the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 . An Ethan Lader-directed music video for `` Dirty Dancer '' has the three artists watching holographic dancers in nightclubs.The single has already been certified Gold in Australia and USA . The song was covered by the Dutch symphonic metal band Within Temptation as part of their weekly radio covers in promotion for their upcoming event , Elements and was included on their April 2013 cover album The Q-Music Sessions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0b98cc07cc91023c9f7351797f784ed6", "text": "One More Chance (The Notorious B.I.G. song) `` One More Chance / Stay with Me ( Remix ) '' is a song written and recorded by American rapper The Notorious B.I.G. , featuring additional vocals sung by his wife Faith Evans and an uncredited appearance by Mary J. Blige . It was certified platinum by the RIAA on July 31 , 1995 and sold 1.1 million copies . The original version of the song appears on B.I.G. 's album , Ready to Die . The remix features new lyrics , a new chorus , and a different beat than the original . There is also a `` hip hop mix '' which samples Marley Marl 's `` Droppin Science '' ( featuring rapper Craig G ) . Evans was an up-and-coming R&B artist at the time . The remix , produced by the Trackmasters samples DeBarge 's 1983 song `` Stay with Me '' . The song peaked at # 2 on the Billboard Hot 100 and topped the Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Songs chart . It was the highest debuting single of all time , tying with Michael Jackson and Janet Jackson song `` Scream '' when it entered the Hot 100 at # 5 at the time . ( This record stood until later that year , when Michael Jackson 's `` You Are Not Alone '' debuted at number one . ) It remained the highest debuting single for a rap song on the Hot 100 until Puff Daddy 's tribute song `` I 'll Be Missing You '' debuted at # 1 . ( Lauryn Hill , Eminem and DJ Khaled would later equal this feat , with the former 's `` Doo Wop ( That Thing ) '' entering in the top spot in 1998 , the aforementioned with `` Not Afraid '' in 2010 and the latter with `` I 'm The One '' in 2017 . )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "753421b259238d5bf8feeb07105d96b9", "text": "Hall of Fame (song) `` Hall of Fame '' is a song by Irish pop rock band The Script . It is the lead single from their third studio album # 3 . The track features hip-hop artist will.i.am of The Black Eyed Peas . The track was given its first radio play on Capital on 23 July 2012 . Written and co-produced by the band , the song is about following dreams and making an impact on the world . The song has been licensed for use in various media since its release .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c08c87fd6a99eb0d2b23b7caf375cd3f", "text": "List of Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles of 2007 The Billboard Hot 100 is a chart that ranks the best-performing singles of the United States . Published by Billboard magazine , the data are compiled by Nielsen SoundScan based collectively on each single 's weekly physical and digital sales , and airplay . In 2007 , 17 singles reached the top spot on the chart . An 18th single , Beyoncé Knowles ' `` Irreplaceable '' , began a run at the top in 2006 which continued into 2007 . In 2007 , eight acts achieved their first US number-one single , either as a lead artist or featured guest : Maroon 5 , Avril Lavigne , Mims , Plain White T 's , Sean Kingston , Soulja Boy Tell 'Em , T-Pain , and Yung Joc . Producer Timbaland earned his first number-one single as lead artist with `` Give It to Me '' ; he had previously appeared as featured guest on singer Nelly Furtado 's number-one single `` Promiscuous '' . T-Pain , Justin Timberlake , Nelly Furtado and Fergie each earned two number-one singles , either as a lead artist or featured guest . Three number-one singles tied for the longest run on the chart in 2007 : Knowles ' `` Irreplaceable '' , Rihanna 's `` Umbrella '' , and Soulja Boy Tell 'Em 's `` Crank That ( Soulja Boy ) '' all topped the chart for seven weeks ; the last of these was non-consecutive . However , `` Irreplaceable '' , which started its peak position in three issues the previous year , is credited to by Billboard magazine as 2006 's longest-running single . To this effect , `` Umbrella '' and `` Crank That ( Soulja Boy ) '' are the longest-running singles of 2007 . Other singles with extended chart runs include singer Alicia Keys ' `` No One '' which stayed at number one for five straight weeks . `` Irreplaceable '' is the best-performing single of the calendar year , topping the Year-End Hot 100 singles of 2007 for seven consecutive weeks . Band Maroon 5 's `` Makes Me Wonder '' is noted for its jump from 64th to 1st place on the Billboard Hot 100 , making it the largest leap of 2007 . `` Umbrella '' , which occupied the top slot for seven of summer 's thirteen weeks , has been credited by the music press as 2007 's Song of the Summer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f825868aed853014074acefc95a11842", "text": "Lite AC Lite AC is a 24-hour soft adult contemporary music format produced by Westwood One . Vice President/Contemporary Formats Cheri Marquardt and Director of Operations Jonathan Steele will program the format . Core artists include Billy Joel , Celine Dion , Chicago , Elton John , Fleetwood Mac and Hall and Oates . Westwood One President of Programming Kirk Stirland said affiliates wanted a softer alternative to the more upbeat AC format , and that Lite AC would be positioned between Adult Standards and AC .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "257f3b722a90544e1bf9d2b665d93890", "text": "2014 iHeartRadio Music Awards The 2014 iHeartRadio Music Awards , was the inaugural music award show presented by iHeartMedia 's platform iHeartRadio and NBC . The awards were held on May 1 , 2014 , at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles . The awards show was announced on February 26 , 2014 . The nominations were compiled by the results of Mediabase charts , listener feedback and digital straming data from the iHeartRadio platform and announced on March 26 , 2014 . The awards recognized the biggest artists and songs of the year . The show was directed by Hamish Hamilton . The voting took place on iHeartRadio 's official webpage except for the `` Instagram Award '' , where voting took place on social network Instagram . Rihanna led the nominations with eight and also became the biggest winner of the night with four wins including Artist of the Year and Song of the Year . NBC 's telecast of the iHeartRadio Music Awards drew 5.4 million viewers overall and a rating of 1.7 in the key 18-to-49-year-old demographic .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "371df6227350c1cb73412059946441d1", "text": "The Prodigy discography English electronic music group The Prodigy has released six studio albums , one live album , one compilation album , one mix album , three extended plays , twenty-one singles and twenty-two music videos . Hailed as pioneers of genres such as rave , techno and big beat , the group have sold over 20 million albums worldwide . The Prodigy 's first release was the 1991 EP What Evil Lurks . Experience , the group 's debut studio album , was released in September 1992 . It peaked at number 12 in the United Kingdom and was certified platinum by the British Phonographic Industry ( BPI ) . Experience spawned the singles `` Charly '' , `` Everybody in the Place '' , `` Fire '' / `` Jericho '' , `` Out of Space '' and `` Wind It Up ( Rewound ) '' , all of which were top 12 hits in the United Kingdom . Music for the Jilted Generation , the group 's second studio album , was released in July 1994 . The album peaked at number one in the UK , also reaching the top ten in countries such as Australia and New Zealand . Earning a platinum certification from the BPI , Music for the Jilted Generation spawned the UK top ten singles `` One Love '' and `` No Good ( Start the Dance ) '' . The Prodigy 's third studio album The Fat of the Land was released in June 1997 , becoming a huge commercial success . The album peaked at number one in multiple countries , including the United Kingdom and the United States . The Fat of the Land received multi-platinum certifications from the BPI , the Australian Recording Industry Association ( ARIA ) , and the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) . `` Firestarter '' , the album 's first single , peaked at number one in the United Kingdom and hit the top ten in multiple other countries . It also gave the group their biggest hit in the United States , where it peaked at number 30 on the Billboard Hot 100 and was certified gold by the RIAA . The album 's second single `` Breathe '' also performed well commercially , reaching the top ten in multiple countries and becoming the group 's second consecutive UK number-one hit . `` Smack My Bitch Up '' , the album 's final single , peaked at number 8 in the UK . The group released their fourth studio album Always Outnumbered , Never Outgunned in August 2004 . Their style had changed from rave and breakbeat to more of an electronic rock style . The album topped the charts in the United Kingdom , earning a silver certification from the BPI . Always Outnumbered , Never Outgunned spawned three singles , including the UK top 20 hit `` Girls '' . Invaders Must Die , the group 's fifth studio album , was released in February 2009 . The album became the band 's fourth consecutive studio album to top the charts in the UK . Among its four singles were the UK top ten hits `` Omen '' and `` Warrior 's Dance '' , both of which received silver certifications from the BPI .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4291ec8ba8e4f0f678c6bfa845c363ff", "text": "Epic Records Epic Records is an American record label owned by Sony Music Entertainment , a subsidiary of Sony Corporation of America , Inc. . Epic was founded predominantly as a jazz and classical music label in 1953 . It later expanded its scope to include a more diverse range of musical genres , including pop , R&B , rock and hip hop . Historically , the label has housed popular acts such as Michael Jackson , Cheap Trick , Shakira , Celine Dion , ABBA , Anastacia , Boston , Dave Clark Five , Gloria Estefan , Pearl Jam and Sly & the Family Stone . Along with Columbia and RCA Records , Epic is one of Sony Music Entertainment 's three main record labels . Artists currently signed to Epic as of 2017 include Fiona Apple , Sara Bareilles , Mariah Carey , Keyshia Cole , Future , Fifth Harmony , Jennifer Hudson , Zara Larsson , Jennifer Lopez , Outkast , Ozzy Osbourne , Judas Priest , Busta Rhymes , Rick Ross , Sade , 21 Savage , Travis Scott and Meghan Trainor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d403ba95538df951631b910094752a5", "text": "Grammy Award for Best New Artist The Grammy Award for Best New Artist has been awarded since 1959 . Years reflect the year in which the Grammy Awards were handed out , for records released in the previous year . The award was not presented in 1967 . The official guidelines are as follows : `` For a new artist who releases , during the Eligibility Year , the first recording which establishes the public identity of that artist . '' Note that this is not necessarily the first album released by an artist . It is sometimes asserted , with varying degrees of sincerity , that winning the award is a curse , as several award winners ( particularly from the late 1970s and early 1980s ) were never able to duplicate the success they experienced in their debut year . This viewpoint was expressed by former Starland Vocal Band member Taffy Danoff in a 2002 interview for VH1 's 100 Greatest One Hit Wonders : `` We got two of the five Grammys -- one was Best New Artist . So that was basically the kiss of death and I feel sorry for everyone who 's gotten it since . '' The category is also notable for being the only one of its kind in which a Grammy Award was vacated . This occurred in 1990 after it was revealed winners Milli Vanilli did not contribute their own vocals on their debut album . The award was revoked , but was not handed out to another artist . Of the 54 awards presented in the category since its inception , the honor has been presented to 25 solo female artists , 18 duos or groups , and 11 solo male artists . Between 1997 and 2003 , all the winners were solo female artists . Also , from 1993 to 2005 , no winner was a solo male artist . In 2006 , John Legend broke this trend , which started with Marc Cohn in 1992 . Only four artists have won both Best New Artist and Album of the Year in the same year : Bob Newhart in 1961 , Christopher Cross in 1981 , Lauryn Hill in 1999 and Norah Jones in 2003 . Of all the winners , only three have been country artists . In 1997 , LeAnn Rimes became the first country artist to win the award . She was followed by Carrie Underwood in 2007 and Zac Brown Band in 2010 . Additionally , 2017 marked the first time that two country artists were nominated in this category in the same year . 1984 marked the first time that all of the nominees were from outside of the United States ( Winner Culture Club , Eurythmics , and Musical Youth were from England , Big Country was from Scotland , and Men Without Hats were from Canada ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1554ff03f958a1ec153a983d59ae0b16", "text": "Introducing IMx Introducing IMx is the fifth album by IMx , formerly known as Immature , released on October 26 , 1999 , on MCA Records . It peaked at # 101 on the Billboard 200 album chart and # 31 on the Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums chart . The album featured the hit single , `` Stay the Night '' , which peaked at No. 23 on the Billboard Hot 100 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da4bb25d429f957e8ec7ec1f8d67d82f", "text": "I Need a Girl (Part One) `` I Need a Girl ( Part One ) '' is a single by American rapper P. Diddy with the collaboration of Usher and Loon from the album We Invented the Remix . In 2004 , the song was featured in the Bad Boys compilation R&B Hits . Along with `` I Need a Girl ( Part Two ) '' , P. Diddy achieved a rare occurrence by having two parts of a song become chart hits . Part one peaked at # 2 on the US Billboard Hot 100 ( behind Ashanti 's `` Foolish '' ) and # 1 on the Billboard Hot Rap Tracks chart . It also charted on the UK Singles Chart at # 4 . Billboard ranked this song # 15 on their year end charts in 2002 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e9f45fd32ad6ee8e13e09cea6305074d", "text": "Rico Love Richard `` Rico '' Preston Butler , Jr. ( born December 3 , 1982 ) , better known by his stage name Rico Love , is an American songwriter , record producer and singer . He was born in New Orleans , Louisiana , but split his childhood between Milwaukee , Wisconsin and New York City 's Harlem neighborhood . He attended Florida A&M and , while visiting Atlanta , Georgia , worked his way into the music industry through connections with Usher , who would become Love 's mentor . The first song Love ever wrote in his career was `` Throwback '' for which ended up on Usher 's 2004 album `` Confessions . '' Love success continued writing and producing hit records such as Usher 's `` There Goes My Baby '' and `` Hey Daddy ( Daddy 's Home ) '' , Nelly 's `` Just a Dream '' and `` Gone '' , as well as Beyoncé Knowles ' `` Sweet Dreams '' . and has contributed to works which have gone on to win Grammys such as Beyoncé 's 2009 Best Contemporary R&B album I Am ... Sasha Fierce , Usher 's 2010 Best Contemporary R&B album Raymond v. Raymond , and Usher 's 2010 Best Male R&B Vocal Performance `` There Goes My Baby '' . In addition Love has written and produced records for Kelly Rowland , Diddy -- Dirty Money , Chris Brown , Alexandra Burke , Keri Hilson , Fergie , and Fantasia . Love is also the CEO of Division1 , a record label which partnered with Interscope Records in 2013 . Love has appeared as a featured artist on records with T.I. , Usher , Jermaine Dupri , Jamie Foxx , Rich Boy , and Fat Joe .", "title": "" } ]	fever
cd09a2b854f6fb78258e039415c78bce	Thor: The Dark World is a TV show.	[ { "docid": "4ec6e0ec6b6113c08038be253e1ed2ab", "text": "Thor: The Dark World Thor : The Dark World is a 2013 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character Thor , produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures . It is the sequel to 2011 's Thor and the eighth film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe . The film was directed by Alan Taylor , with a screenplay by Christopher Yost and Christopher Markus & Stephen McFeely . It stars Chris Hemsworth , Natalie Portman , Tom Hiddleston , Anthony Hopkins , Stellan Skarsgård , Idris Elba , Christopher Eccleston , Adewale Akinnuoye-Agbaje , Kat Dennings , Ray Stevenson , Zachary Levi , Tadanobu Asano , Jaimie Alexander , and Rene Russo . In Thor : The Dark World , Thor teams up with Loki to save the Nine Realms from the Dark Elves led by the vengeful Malekith , who intends to plunge the universe into darkness . Development of Thor : The Dark World began in April 2011 , when producer Kevin Feige announced plans for a sequel to follow the crossover film The Avengers . In July 2011 , Kenneth Branagh , the director of Thor , withdrew from the project . Brian Kirk and Patty Jenkins were considered to direct the film before Taylor was hired in January 2012 . The supporting cast filled out in August 2012 , with the hiring of Eccleston , Dennings , and Akinnuoye-Agbaje . Principal photography began in September 2012 in Surrey , England with filming continuing in Iceland and London , before wrapping up in December 2012 . Thor : The Dark World was converted to 3D in post-production . Thor : The Dark World premiered at the Odeon Leicester Square in London on October 22 , 2013 . It was released internationally on October 30 , 2013 , and on November 8 , 2013 , in the United States . The film received mixed reviews , but was a commercial success , grossing over $ 644 million worldwide . A third film , Thor : Ragnarok , is set for release on November 3 , 2017 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "3ee60474667fb996d1682a5c9203bff0", "text": "Thor: Son of Asgard (video game) Thor : Son of Asgard is an action-adventure video game for iOS , based on Marvel Comics ' Thor . The story is based on a comics version of Thor . Cutscenes are made from comic book-styled animation . The character itself is on the other hand based on his movie version , his persona and the suit .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f7178d2a6fee9c52972ad3fbd5c966aa", "text": "Marvel Productions Marvel Productions Ltd. , later known as New World Animation Ltd. , was the television and film studio subsidiary of the Marvel Entertainment Group , based in Hollywood , Los Angeles , California . It later became a subsidiary of New World Entertainment and eventually of News Corporation ( Fox Entertainment Group ) . Marvel Productions produced animated television series , motion pictures , and television specials such as Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends , The Incredible Hulk , My Little Pony : The Movie , The Transformers : The Movie , and G.I. Joe : The Movie as well as the Transformers and G.I. Joe : A Real American Hero television series . Most of Marvel Productions ' back catalog ( mostly non-Hasbro related productions ) is currently owned by The Walt Disney Company .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5634cf8095139d0e09af1034178a7070", "text": "Dark X-Men The Dark X-Men are a fictional team appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . They made their debut during the crossover between Dark Avengers and Uncanny X-Men written by Matt Fraction , as part of the broader Dark Reign storyline . Each member but Namor has been handpicked by then -- H.A.M.M.E.R. director Norman Osborn for his own criminal agenda . The team was never officially called the `` Dark X-Men '' ( which was the name of the comics series , not the team ) . Instead , they were simply called the `` X-Men '' and were a government-sponsored team trying to take advantage of the name recognition of Charles Xavier 's X-Men , to which they had no official connection ( much like Osborn 's Avengers team was pretending to be the real Avengers ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c97004181f2e8bc662f2e6f8c52e8f0e", "text": "Troll A troll is a class of being in Norse mythology and Scandinavian folklore . In Old Norse sources , beings described as trolls dwell in isolated rocks , mountains , or caves , live together in small family units , and are rarely helpful to human beings . Later , in Scandinavian folklore , trolls became beings in their own right , where they live far from human habitation , are not Christianized , and are considered dangerous to human beings . Depending on the source , their appearance varies greatly ; trolls may be ugly and slow-witted , or look and behave exactly like human beings , with no particularly grotesque characteristic about them . Trolls are sometimes associated with particular landmarks , which at times may be explained as formed from a troll exposed to sunlight . Trolls are depicted in a variety of media in modern popular culture .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ebc72d874f1a71caa1a825e324e25f38", "text": "Thor In Norse mythology , Thor ( -LSB- θɔr -RSB- from Old Norse Þórr ) is a hammer-wielding god associated with thunder , lightning , storms , oak trees , strength , the protection of mankind , and also hallowing and fertility . The cognate deity in wider Germanic mythology and paganism was known in Old English as Þunor and in Old High German as Donar ( runic þonar ) , stemming from a Common Germanic * Þunraz ( meaning `` thunder '' ) . Ultimately stemming from Proto-Indo-European religion , Thor is a prominently mentioned god throughout the recorded history of the Germanic peoples , from the Roman occupation of regions of Germania , to the tribal expansions of the Migration Period , to his high popularity during the Viking Age , when , in the face of the process of the Christianization of Scandinavia , emblems of his hammer , Mjölnir , were worn and Norse pagan personal names containing the name of the god bear witness to his popularity . Into the modern period , Thor continued to be acknowledged in rural folklore throughout Germanic regions . Thor is frequently referred to in place names , the day of the week Thursday ( `` Thor 's day '' from Old English Thunresdæg , ` Thunor 's day ' ) bears his name , and names stemming from the pagan period containing his own continue to be used today . In Norse mythology , largely recorded in Iceland from traditional material stemming from Scandinavia , numerous tales and information about Thor are provided . In these sources , Thor bears at least fourteen names , is the husband of the golden-haired goddess Sif , is the lover of the jötunn Járnsaxa , and is generally described as fierce eyed , red haired and red bearded . With Sif , Thor fathered the goddess ( and possible valkyrie ) Þrúðr ; with Járnsaxa , he fathered Magni ; with a mother whose name is not recorded , he fathered Móði , and he is the stepfather of the god Ullr . The same sources list Thor as the son of the god Odin and the personified earth , Jörð , and by way of Odin , Thor has numerous brothers . Thor has two servants , Þjálfi and Röskva , rides in a cart or chariot pulled by two goats , Tanngrisnir and Tanngnjóstr ( that he eats and resurrects ) , and is ascribed three dwellings ( Bilskirnir , Þrúðheimr , and Þrúðvangr ) . Thor wields the mountain-crushing hammer , Mjölnir , wears the belt Megingjörð and the iron gloves Járngreipr , and owns the staff Gríðarvölr . Thor 's exploits , including his relentless slaughter of his foes and fierce battles with the monstrous serpent Jörmungandr -- and their foretold mutual deaths during the events of Ragnarök -- are recorded throughout sources for Norse mythology . Thor has inspired numerous works of art and references to Thor appear in modern popular culture . Like other Germanic deities , veneration of Thor is revived in the modern period in Heathenry .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "83cb4cbd727ec38391c5ffde1a6481bb", "text": "Syfy (Spain) Syfy Universal ( also known as Syfy , formerly Sci Fi Channel ) is a Spanish digital satellite/cable television channel that launched on June 1 , 2006 , and specializes in science fiction , fantasy , and horror shows and movies . Syfy Universal is available on satellite and cable platforms such as Canal + and on Movistar TV . Owned by Universal Networks International , it is the fifth extension of the Syfy brand . The programming consists of a mixture of U.S. Syfy first-run shows like Haven and Defiance , current shows like Beauty and the Beast and archive shows such as Smallville and Charmed , as well as science-fiction and fantasy-themed movies , reality shows and scientific divulgation programs ( Universo Syfy )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "96b7e20963c874a179142ef10dd15490", "text": "Dark Rising Dark Rising is a science fiction comedy franchise created by Andrew Cymek and adapted for film and television by Mihkel Harilaid . The original film , Dark Rising : Bring Your Battle Axe , was released in 2007 and featured the introduction of Summer Vale . The story was brought to television as Dark Rising : The Savage Tales of Summer Vale ( 2011 ) but shortly returned to feature film with Dark Rising : Summer Strikes Back ( 2011 ) . Mihkel Harilaid of Black Walk Films leads the series ' production as Executive Producer and each component has been directed by Andrew Cymek of Defiant Empire Films . The franchise is once again in production of a one-hour drama series , Dark Rising : Warrior of Worlds , set for release in 2013 in co-operation with Mar Vista Entertainment . The series was picked up by Super Channel 1 in Canada and started on July 20 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "58560d8fa1533707faaa98721bf028aa", "text": "Thor (volcano) Thor is an active volcano on Jupiter 's moon Io . It is located on Io 's anti-Jupiter hemisphere at . A major eruption with high thermal emission and a large , volcanic plume was observed during a Galileo flyby on August 6 , 2001 , when the spacecraft flew through the outer portions of the plume allowing for direct sampling . The eruption continued into Galileo 's next flyby in October 2001 . As seen during high-resolution images taken during the eruption , Thor consists of a series of dark lava flows emanating from a set of nearby volcanic depressions . Before the eruption , the area consisted of red-brown plains , composed of irradiated sulfur , typical of Io 's mid - to high-northern latitudes and a set of yellow flows , possibly consisting of sulfur or silicate flows covered by diffuse sulfur deposits . During the New Horizons encounter in February 2007 , Thor was still active , with the spacecraft observing thermal emission in the near-infrared and a volcanic plume at the volcano . Thor was named in 2006 by the International Astronomical Union ( IAU ) after the Norse god of thunder , Thor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cadde8de076a67bd19e94c2dff757261", "text": "Thor & Loki: Blood Brothers Thor & Loki : Blood Brothers is a four episode motion comic from Marvel Knights Animation released in April 2011 . It is based on the 2004 miniseries Loki by Robert Rodi and Esad Ribic . A DVD containing all four episodes was released on September 13 , 2011 from Shout ! Factory .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8da49be3cefcb01784a88ecbab56e973", "text": "Eagle Egilsson Egill Örn Egilsson ASC -LSB- ˈeiːjɪtl œrtn ˈeiːjɪlson -RSB- ( born 31 August 1966 ) , known as Eagle Egilsson ( -LSB- ˈiːɡəl_ˈeɪəlsən -RSB- ) , is an Icelandic television director and cinematographer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e05956e8ed91bed9a8dd89213d43da62", "text": "Thor (Marvel Comics) Thor Odinson is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . The character , based on the Norse mythological deity of the same name , is the Asgardian god of thunder and possesses the enchanted hammer Mjolnir , which grants him the ability of flight and weather manipulation amongst his other superhuman attributes . Debuting in the Silver Age of Comic Books , the character first appeared in Journey into Mystery # 83 ( Aug. 1962 ) and was created by editor-plotter Stan Lee , scripter Larry Lieber , and penciller-plotter Jack Kirby . He has starred in several ongoing series and limited series , and is a founding member of the superhero team the Avengers , appearing in each volume of that series . The character has also appeared in associated Marvel merchandise including animated television series , clothing , toys , trading cards , video games , and movies . The character was first portrayed in live action by Eric Allan Kramer in the 1988 television movie The Incredible Hulk Returns . Chris Hemsworth portrays Thor in the Marvel Cinematic Universe films Thor , The Avengers , Thor : The Dark World and Avengers : Age of Ultron and will reprise his role in Thor : Ragnarok , Avengers : Infinity War , and its untitled sequel . Thor placed 14th on IGN 's list of `` Top 100 Comic Book Heroes of All Time '' in 2011 , and first in their list of `` The Top 50 Avengers '' in 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5f3affc8d6c14536bb350ba4e0a9b84f", "text": "TBD (TV network) TBD ( also referred to unofficially as TBD-TV ) is an American digital broadcast television network that is owned by the Sinclair Television Group subsidiary of the Sinclair Broadcast Group . Targeting millennial audiences , the network focuses on internet-based series and other digital content ( including showcases of user-generated music , animation and comedy videos , eSports , and compiled half-hour and hour-long episodes of short-form web series ) , along with some feature films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2eb3315f31e5b52a75c52649bbed2a00", "text": "He-Man and the Masters of the Universe He-Man and the Masters of the Universe is an American animated television series produced by Filmation based on Mattel 's toy line Masters of the Universe . The show , often referred to as simply He-Man , was one of the most popular animated children 's shows of the 1980s , and has retained a heavy cult following to this day . It made its television debut in 1983 and ran until 1985 , consisting of two seasons of 65 episodes each . Reruns continued to air in syndication until 1988 , at which point USA Network bought the rights to the series . USA aired He-Man until September 1990 . Reruns of the show are no longer being broadcast on the Qubo Night Owl nor on Retro Television Network in the US , but the show is now available on Netflix .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e323840a70af0f23af0b7c1a298b8ba1", "text": "Dark Adventure Radio Theatre Dark Adventure Radio Theatre is a series of radio dramas produced by the H. P. Lovecraft Historical Society . They are produced in the style of 1930s radio drama , and the `` Dark Adventure Radio Theatre '' resembles a Mercury Theatre production hosted by the fictional `` Chester Langfield '' and `` sponsored '' by `` Fleur-de-Lys Cigarettes '' . However , the character `` died '' of emphysema after the fourth production ( The Shadow Over Innsmouth ) and was replaced by the equally fictional `` Erskine Blackwell , '' the new `` sponsor '' being `` Forhan 's Toothpaste . '' In the latest production , The Dreams in the Witch House , the sponsor became `` Bub-L-Pep '' , a lithium-based drink . The series features casts of professional actors and original music . The CD releases include four prop documents , such as newspaper clippings , etc. , from the show . Currently released productions : Dark Adventure Radio Theatre : At the Mountains of Madness ( 2007 ) Dark Adventure Radio Theatre : The Dunwich Horror ( 2008 ) Dark Adventure Radio Theatre : The Shadow Out of Time ( 2008-10-01 ) Dark Adventure Radio Theatre : The Shadow Over Innsmouth ( 2008-12 ) Dark Adventure Radio Theatre : The Call of Cthulhu ( 2012-11 ) Dark Adventure Radio Theatre : The Case of Charles Dexter Ward ( 2013-03 ) Dark Adventure Radio Theatre : The Color Out of Space ( 2013 ) Dark Adventure Radio Theatre : Herbert West - Reanimator ( 2013 ) Dark Adventure Radio Theatre : The Dreams in the Witch House ( 2014 ) Dark Adventure Radio Theatre : Imprisoned with the Pharaohs ( 2014 ) Dark Adventure Radio Theatre : The Horror at Red Hook ( 2015 ) Dark Adventure Radio Theatre : Dagon : War of Worlds ( 2015 ) Dark Adventure Radio Theatre : A Solstice Carol ( 2015 ) Dark Adventure Radio Theatre : The White Tree ( 2016 ) Dark Adventure Radio Theatre : The Thing on the Doorstep ( 2016 ) Dark Adventure Radio Theatre : The Brotherhood of the Beast ( 2016 )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d90468b90f1d7c991b6e75b14c9939f", "text": "Tales from the Darkside Tales from the Darkside is an American anthology horror TV series created by George A. Romero ; it debuted in 1983 . Each episode was an individual short story that often ended with a plot twist . The series ' episodes spanned the genres of horror , science fiction , and fantasy , and some episodes featured elements of black comedy or more lighthearted themes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6b3e69f758ed6570a6f0eba37e9e04c7", "text": "Radiotjänst i Kiruna Radiotjänst i Kiruna AB ( literally , `` Radio Service in Kiruna '' ) is Sweden 's TV licensing body . It is a private corporation , formed in 1988 and based in Kiruna , and upon its formation took over the administration and handling of TV licences from the state-owned telecommunications company Televerket . The company is a subsidiary of the three Swedish public service broadcasters Sveriges Television , Sveriges Radio and Sveriges Utbildningsradio . Under Swedish law everyone who owns a television receiver is required to pay the license fee , currently 2076 kronor ( $ 220 ) per year ( 2014 ) . The fee is collected by Radiotjänst but administered by Swedish government office Swedish National Debt Office ( Riksgäldskontoret ) by means of a special account , the so-called `` rundradiokontot '' . This fee previously applied to any household with a TV-receiver ; even if the device was not used to view television . Even if a household had no way to receive a TV broadcast , but owned a device which could theoretically receive a signal ( if said signal was present ) it was still required to pay the fee . Radiotjänst claimed that the current regulation for TV tax included any device that could theoretically be configured to receive a streamed video signal since at least one channel of Swedish public service TV was on the net in its entirety , but this interpretation was struck down by the Supreme Administrative Court of Sweden on June 13 , 2014 . Radiotjänst employs around 120 people , most of whom are located in Kiruna . On top of this several hundred licensing inspectors stationed around the country . And additional inspectors are employed on freelance basis . The TV-license collects around 7 000 million SEK a year ( roughly 800 million EUR ) . The cost of running Radiotjänst amounts to 146 million SEK ( 2014 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0ef39a4cda4adbb0060de2eb8f3a2da8", "text": "X-Men (TV series) X-Men , also known as X-Men : The Animated Series , is an American animated television series which debuted on October 31 , 1992 , in the United States on the Fox Network , as part of its Fox Kids Saturday morning lineup . X-Men was Marvel Comics ' second attempt at an animated X-Men TV series after the pilot , X-Men : Pryde of the X-Men , was not picked up .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ec0864f6f01f1d8ae2b7e7e8c17b53ec", "text": "Television Writers Vault The Television Writers Vault is an online marketplace within the television industry used for scouting and selling original TV formats , concepts , and intellectual properties to produce as new television shows . It is the first website to deliver new show ideas from people outside of the industry , resulting in successful productions by major networks . 2012 saw the global broadcast of two reality television concepts discovered from the site ; Saw Dogs ( aired on Discovery Channel , TV4 Sweden , and OLN ) and Deals From The Darkside ( aired on SyFy , A&E Australia , OLN , UKTV ) . 2014 saw the premiere of Kim of Queens on Lifetime TV , whose star , Kim Gravel , was discovered pitching her own concepts at the TV Writers Vault . The service was created and developed by former Merv Griffin Entertainment development executive Scott Manville . In addition to providing a showcase for programming ideas , it also offers educational content for new TV writers and creators on the subjects of creating and pitching new TV show ideas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "46a0404247a4625830cf6f656931924a", "text": "Thor: The Mighty Avenger (toy line) Thor : The Mighty Avenger is a toy line manufactured by Hasbro based on the Marvel Comics film , Thor . It is composed mainly of 3.75 '' scale action figures . The line falls under Marvel 's `` Avengers Assemble '' marketing banner , which will also include the Iron Man : The Armored Avenger and Captain America : The First Avenger toy lines . This will be used as a lead up to 2012 's The Avengers motion picture . Unlike previous 3.75 '' action figure lines based on movies , Hasbro is not doing a comic series with this line . All of the figures will be based on the movie . This official street date for the line is March 1 , though some stores have started selling the toys in early February .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7d63617603c673d6f94821af90ca7952", "text": "God of Thunder (2015 film) God of Thunder ( aka Dark Universe ) is a 2015 film .", "title": "" } ]	fever
a84e6af76fd63e8f6f6d57c5ee1f4ebb	The Land Before Time tells the story of an orphaned sauropod.	[ { "docid": "dc654a5eeea9b1e9219b3fa440418819", "text": "Brontosaurus Brontosaurus ( -LSB- ˌbrɒntəˈsɔːrəs -RSB- ) , meaning `` thunder lizard '' ( from Greek βροντή , brontē = thunder + σαῦρος , sauros = lizard ) , is a genus of gigantic quadruped sauropod dinosaurs . Although the type species , B. excelsus , had long been considered a species of the closely related Apatosaurus , more recent research has proposed that Brontosaurus is a genus separate from Apatosaurus that contains three species : B. excelsus , B. yahnahpin , and B. parvus . Brontosaurus had long , thin necks and small heads , adapted for a herbivorous lifestyle ; a bulky , heavy torso ; and long , whip-like tails . The various species lived during the Late Jurassic epoch in the Morrison Formation of North America , going extinct by the end of the Jurassic . Adult individuals of Brontosaurus are estimated to weigh up to 15 t and measure up to 22 m long ; this places Brontosaurus among the largest land animals along with other diplodocids . As the archetypal sauropod , Brontosaurus is one of the best-known dinosaurs , and has been featured in film , advertising , and postal stamps , as well as many other types of media .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7439584e1e8b5be5b66c05281fb866f1", "text": "The Land Before Time The Land Before Time is a 1988 American-Irish animated adventure drama film directed and produced by Don Bluth and executive produced by Steven Spielberg , George Lucas , Kathleen Kennedy , and Frank Marshall . Produced by Sullivan Bluth Studios , Amblin Partners ' Amblin Entertainment and Lucasfilm ( despite not receiving an official credit nor the film 's marketing bearing the studio 's logo ) , it features dinosaurs living in the prehistoric times . The plot concerns a young Brontosaurus named Littlefoot who is orphaned when his mother is killed by a Tyrannosaurus . Littlefoot flees famine and upheaval to search for the Great Valley , an area spared from devastation . On his journey , he meets four young companions : Cera , Ducky , Petrie , and Spike , a Spike-tail . The film explores issues of prejudice between the different species and the hardships they endure in their journey as they are guided by the spirit of Littlefoot 's mother and also forced to deal with the murderous T-Rex that killed her . This is the only Don Bluth film of the 1980s in which Dom DeLuise did not participate ( instead , he starred in Disney 's Oliver & Company that same year ) , and the only film in The Land Before Time series that is not a musical , as well as the only one to be released theatrically worldwide . Released by Universal Pictures on November 18 , 1988 , the film was a critical and financial success , and spawned a multimillion-dollar franchise with thirteen direct-to-video sequels and a television series ( without involvement from Bluth , Spielberg , or Lucas ) as well as merchandise ( toys , video games , etc. ) and a television series .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "0b42c3d7bd7e40a27e759b88cd08ea61", "text": "Song of the Gargoyle The Song of the Gargoyle is a 1991 book for young readers by Zilpha Keatley Snyder . Set in the middle ages , it tells the story of a young boy named Tymmon who lives with his father Komus , the court jester of Austerneve . When Komus is abducted by an anonymous man with a Black Helmet , thirteen-year-old Tymmon is able to escape Black Helmet and leaves the castle grounds to seek refuge in the Sombrous Forest , a forbidden place occupied by wolves and magical beings . Most wonderfully , Tymmon is adopted by a gargoyle named Troff -- a creature with the loyalty of a dog and the fearsome powers of an enchanted being . After a season surviving in the forest , Tymmon longs to rescue his father and to find a way to avenge him , as a knight would . But Tymmon is a commoner , and he burns with anger at his father , who threw away a noble heritage to become a lowly jester . Tymmon had to watch his childhood playmate turn away from him to become a squire and train for the knighthood Tymmon can never know . When Tymmon realizes that Troff can pose as a dog , he and Troff leave the forest together . As they travel , Tymmon sees the poverty and suffering of peasants ravaged by feudalistic greed . In the city he discovers that with his talent for music and joking , inherited from his father , he and Troff can make people happy . Beyond that , performing enables him to communicate with people from all walks of life . Of Song of the Gargolye , Zilpha Keatley Snyder says , `` High among the periods that inspired my childhood dreamscapes were the middle ages . Not a very specific or historic middle ages , actually , so much as a fantasy world peopled by beautiful princesses and -- most especially -- by noble knights . I especially liked the knights . No doubt due , at least in part , to the fact that they rode horses . ( I was also enamored of cowboys . ) However , when I grew older and less romantic , I began to look at my hardware-clad heroes from a more critical point of view . Knights , I discovered , were often a pretty cruel and bloodthirsty bunch , not to mention ignorant and superstitious ... So when I got around to setting a story in their time , I cast about for a hero or two with a better odor . And the result was Tymmon and his father , Komus . And Troff ? Just another tribute to the memory of various more-or-less miraculous four-legged friends . '' Category : American children 's novels Category :1991 American novels", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a92f2ca1fe004907384843e0b0d3890", "text": "Journey to the Beginning of Time Journey to the Beginning of Time ( Cesta do pravěku , literally `` Journey into prehistory '' ) is a 1955 Czechoslovak children 's science fiction feature film directed by Karel Zeman . Produced using a combination of 2-D and 3-D models , it was the first of Zeman 's productions to include actors in conjunction with stop-motion and special effects , and won awards at the International Film Festivals of Venice and Mannheim . The documentary-type nature of the film showing extinct animal species behaving naturally in their own environments was most unusual for its era and foreshadowed many later TV productions that would depict prehistoric life for educational rather than purely entertainment purposes . Cesta do pravěku should not be confused with a dubbed and partly re-filmed US version of the film that was released in 1966 under the title Journey to the Beginning of Time . Journey to the Beginning of Time is according to server Kinobox the best Czech science fiction film of all time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "83aee230aa74fb044d7ba64be411a1fa", "text": "Many Waters Many Waters is a 1986 novel by Madeleine L'Engle , part of the author 's Time Quartet ( also known as the Time Quintet ) . The title is taken from the Song of Solomon 8:7 : `` Many waters can not quench love , neither can the floods drown it . If a man were to give all his wealth for love , it would be utterly scorned . '' The principal characters of the story are Sandy and Dennys Murry , twin brothers who are , ironically , somewhat out of place ( they are `` normal '' ) in the context of the multifarious and eccentric Murry family from A Wrinkle in Time . The action of the story follows that of A Wind in the Door but precedes the climactic , apocalyptic event in A Swiftly Tilting Planet .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bee55c354356ede8cba03bd4e9f9be59", "text": "List of endangered languages in Africa An endangered language is a language that it is at risk of falling out of use , generally because it has few surviving speakers . If it loses all of its native speakers , it becomes an extinct language . UNESCO defines four levels of language endangerment between `` safe '' ( not endangered ) and `` extinct '' : Vulnerable Definitely endangered Severely endangered Critically endangered Africa is the world 's second-largest and second most-populous continent . At about 30.2 million km ² ( 11.7 million sq mi ) including adjacent islands , it covers 6 % of the Earth 's total surface area and 20.4 % of the total land area . With about 922 million people ( as of 2005 ) in 61 territories , it accounts for about 14.2 % of the world 's human population . The continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the north , the Suez Canal and the Red Sea to the northeast , the Indian Ocean to the southeast , and the Atlantic Ocean to the west . There are 53 countries , including Madagascar and all the island groups .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "860d3b47241270846acff641ed855c29", "text": "Water opossum The water opossum ( Chironectes minimus ) , also locally known as the yapok -LSB- ` yaepQk -RSB- , is a marsupial of the family Didelphidae . It is the only living member of its genus , Chironectes . This semiaquatic creature is found in and near the freshwater streams and lakes in Mexico , Central and South America to Argentina , and is the most aquatic living marsupial ( the lutrine opossum also has aquatic habits ) . It is also the only living marsupial in which both sexes have a pouch . The thylacine , commonly referred to as the Tasmanian tiger , also exhibited this trait , but is now believed to be extinct . The animal lives in bankside burrows , emerging after dusk to swim and search for fish , crustaceans and other aquatic animals , which it eats on the bank .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "113e76c4487d6742062d80f6863608fd", "text": "Ceratopsia Ceratopsia or Ceratopia ' ( -LSB- ˌsɛrəˈtɒpsiə -RSB- or -LSB- ˌsɛrəˈtoʊpiə -RSB- Greek : `` horned faces '' ) is a group of herbivorous , beaked dinosaurs that thrived in what are now North America , Europe , and Asia , during the Cretaceous Period , although ancestral forms lived earlier , in the Jurassic . The earliest known ceratopsian , Yinlong downsi , lived between 161.2 and 155.7 million years ago . The last ceratopsian species , Triceratops prorsus , became extinct during the Cretaceous -- Paleogene extinction event , . Early members of the ceratopsian group , such as Psittacosaurus , were small bipedal animals . Later members , including ceratopsids like Centrosaurus and Triceratops , became very large quadrupeds and developed elaborate facial horns and frills extending over the neck . While these frills might have served to protect the vulnerable neck from predators , they may also have been used for display , thermoregulation , the attachment of large neck and chewing muscles or some combination of the above . Ceratopsians ranged in size from 1 meter ( 3 ft ) and 23 kilograms ( 50 lb ) to over 9 meters ( 30 ft ) and 9,100 kg ( 20,100 lb ) . Triceratops is by far the best-known ceratopsian to the general public . It is traditional for ceratopsian genus names to end in '' - ceratops '' , although this is not always the case . One of the first named genera was Ceratops itself , which lent its name to the group , although it is considered a nomen dubium '' today as its fossil remains have no distinguishing characteristics that are not also found in other ceratopsians .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "84bad4b485cfb08565d134c8067bddc7", "text": "The Land That Time Forgot (2009 film) The Land That Time Forgot ( promotionally titled Edgar Rice Burrough 's The Land That Time Forgot , release in other countries as Dinosaur Island ) is a 2009 science fiction film by independent American film studio The Asylum . The film is an adaptation of the 1918 Edgar Rice Burroughs novel of the same name , and a re-make of the 1975 film starring Doug McClure .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "30455127354119280255f213d0be9789", "text": "The Voyage of the Beagle The Voyage of the Beagle is the title most commonly given to the book written by Charles Darwin and published in 1839 as his Journal and Remarks , bringing him considerable fame and respect . This was the third volume of The Narrative of the Voyages of H.M. Ships Adventure and Beagle , the other volumes of which were written or edited by the commanders of the ships . Journal and Remarks covers Darwin 's part in the second survey expedition of the ship HMS Beagle . Due to the popularity of Darwin 's account , the publisher reissued it later in 1839 as Darwin 's Journal of Researches , and the revised second edition published in 1845 used this title . A republication of the book in 1905 introduced the title The Voyage of the `` Beagle '' , by which it is now best known . The Beagle sailed from Plymouth Sound on 27 December 1831 under the command of Captain Robert FitzRoy . While the expedition was originally planned to last two years , it lasted almost five -- the Beagle did not return until 2 October 1836 . Darwin spent most of this time exploring on land ( three years and three months on land ; 18 months at sea ) . The book is a vivid and exciting travel memoir as well as a detailed scientific field journal covering biology , geology , and anthropology that demonstrates Darwin 's keen powers of observation , written at a time when Western Europeans were exploring and charting the whole world . Although Darwin revisited some areas during the expedition , for clarity the chapters of the book are ordered by reference to places and locations rather than by date . Darwin 's notes made during the voyage include comments hinting at his changing views on the fixity of species . On his return , he wrote the book based on these notes , at a time when he was first developing his theories of evolution through common descent and natural selection . The book includes some suggestions of his ideas , particularly in the second edition of 1845 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e0cd7aa31da46095e447b273d932476", "text": "Aristopia Aristopia : A Romance-History of the New World is an 1895 utopian novel by Castello Holford , considered the first novel-length alternate history in English ( and among the earliest alternate histories in general ) . Though part of the major wave utopian and dystopian literature that distinguished the final decades of the nineteenth century , Holford 's book reverses the normal stance of utopian projection : instead of imagining a better society at a future time or in a far-off place , he supposes that the founding of the United States occurred under different conditions and follows its development forward to a superior society in his own day . In Aristopia ( Greek for `` the best place '' ) , Ralph Morton , an early settler in Virginia , discovers a reef made of solid gold . He cannily uses his wealth to build a planned society , based on the Utopia of Sir Thomas More , with innovations and adaptations of his own . In Aristopia , all the land is owned by the government , and only leased to businesses and private citizens . Large-scale trade is also monoplized by the state , and inherited wealth is limited . Morton welcomes productive refugees from European conflicts -- Huguenots , Irish fugitives from Cromwell 's wars , and northern Italian and Swiss artisans . The colony prospers , buys more land from the Indians , and spreads westward . Morton dies at the age of 100 ; his descendants and successors carry his policies forward . The Aristopians support the American Revolution , and on their own initiative conquer Canada . Aristopia comes to dominate the new nation , eventually ruling all of North America north of Mexico . Holford loads his description of Aristopia with satirical remedies for what he saw as contemporary problems and circumstances . In Aristopian jurisprudence , for example , the Court for Assessing the Value of Abstract Words and Phrases polices the language to prevent abuses ; it is the largest and busiest function in the Palace of Justice . The English playwright Henry Arthur Jones was taken with the idea of Aristopia , and used it in his own polemical writings , as in his `` The Tax-Wise Men of Aristopia '' and his My Dear Wells . Holford was not the first writer in English to employ the term `` Aristopia . '' The eighteenth-century freethinker John Fransham ( 1730 -- 1810 ) left a posthumous manuscript titled Memorablilia Classica , which contains a piece called `` The Code of Aristopia , or Scheme for a Perfect Government . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18935c5a5750ebf6bbf52764bbc136be", "text": "Palaeognathae Palaeognathae , or paleognaths , is one of the two living clades of birds -- the other being Neognathae . Together , these two clades form the clade Neornithes . Palaeognathae contains five extant branches of flightless lineages ( plus two extinct clades ) , termed ratites , and one flying lineage , the Neotropic tinamous . There are 47 species of tinamous , 5 of kiwis ( Apteryx ) , 3 of cassowaries ( Casuarius ) , 1 of emus ( Dromaius ) ( another became extinct in historic times ) , 2 of rheas and 2 of ostrich . Recent research has indicated that paleognaths are monophyletic but the traditional taxonomic split between flightless and flighted forms is incorrect ; tinamous are within the ratite radiation , meaning flightlessness arose independently multiple times via parallel evolution . There are three extinct groups , the Lithornithiformes , the Dinornithiformes ( moas ) and the Aepyornithiformes ( elephant birds ) , that are undisputed members of Palaeognathae . There are other extinct birds which have been allied with the Palaeognathae by at least one author , but their affinities are a matter of dispute . The word Paleognath is derived from the ancient Greek for `` old jaws '' in reference to the skeletal anatomy of the palate , which is described as more primitive and reptilian than that in other birds . Paleognathous birds retain some basal morphological characters but are by no means living fossils as their genomes continued to evolve at the DNA level under selective pressure at rates comparable to the Neognathae branch of living birds , though there is some controversy about the precise relationship between them and the other birds . There are also several other scientific controversies about their evolution ( see below ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fe979c57ba1b24dba14da9a14670e22c", "text": "Paraspace The term ` paraspace ' comes from Samuel R. Delany , a ` space ' existing parallel to normal or ordinary space . According to Delany , the para-space is an alternate space that ` exists parallel to the normal space of the diegesis -- a rhetorically heightened `` other realm ''' ( Bukatman 1993 : 157 ) . Bukatman ( 1993 : 157 ) says `` Cyberspace is clearly a '' paraspace ' . ' `` Delany connects cyberpunk to the mysterious lunar artifact of Algis Budrys ' Rogue Moon and early evocations of outer space , all of which use inflated rhetoric to differentiate `` paraspace '' from mundane dimensions '' Samuel Review Essay . Paraspace is defined by Barry Malzberg as `` the condition of hyperspace -LSB- that -RSB- is itself insane '' ( as cited by Bukatman , 1993 : 157 ) . Michael Fisch ( 2004 : 371 , citing Murakami , 2002 : 157 ) comments `` While the para-space is often inaugurated through cognition it is always a ` materially manifested ' and ` linguistically intensified ' space in which ` conflicts that begin in ordinary space are resolved ' '' ( Murakami 2002 : 157 ) . Implications Walter Benjamin ( 1936/1968 ) declare the end of storytelling because of its incapacity to relate traumatic experiences , such as warfare , shell shock in World War I . As work lost its spaces to practice not just storytelling , but storylistening , the skills of interpretation of experience atrophied . Paraspace is the hyperspace gone insane ( Malzberg , The worker flesh-body is displaced by the corporate ad-inventions , set on the global stage of `` technoorganic reconstructions of the flesh '' ( Bukatman , 1993 : 19 ) . Walter Benjamin ( 1936 ) declared that the art of storytelling is coming to an end . We can no longer tell a tale of trauma properly . We can no longer exchange our experiences of trauma of war ( PTSD ) , economic collapse sending millions into homelessness , including veterans of the recent wars , the ubiquitousness of sweatshops , and so on . Of relevance to paraspace , the lost art of storytelling has an accumulated effect ( Fisch , 2004 : p. 365 ) ; it gets worth with cyber-real . / When the ` real ' pokes through the cyberspace , it gets quickly displaced by obfuscation . Our ` real ' in hyperspace is not closer to Lacanian Real ( FIsch , p. 372 ) . Paraspace is invisible , yet has material consequences ( Bukatman , 1992 ) . Benjamin , W. ( 1936/1968 ) Illuminations , New York : Harcourt Brace & World . Bukatman , S. ( 1992 ) . Amidst These Fields of Data : Allegory , Rhetoric , and the Paraspace . Critique : Studies in Contemporary Fiction , 33 ( 3 ) , 199-219 . Bukatman , S. ( 1993 ) Terminal Identity : The Virtual Subject in Postmodern Science Fiction , Durham , NC : Duke University Press . Delany , Samuel R. ( 1988 ) . Some real mothers : An interview with Samuel R. Delany by Takayuki Tatsumi . '' Science Fiction Eye , 1 , # 3 : 5-11 . Fisch , M. ( 2004 , October ) . In search of the real : technology , shock and language in Murakami Haruki 's Sputnik Sweetheart . In Japan Forum ( Vol . 16 , No. 3 , pp. 361 -- 383 ) . Taylor & Francis . Murakami , H. ( 2002 ) Sputnik Sweetheart , trans . P. Gabriel , New York : Vintage International .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f34c0b7f00cdb30701f3c736c6e4e9ec", "text": "Dryosaurus Dryosaurus ( -LSB- ˌdraɪoʊ-ˈsɔːrəs -RSB- ; meaning ` tree lizard ' , Greek δρυς / drys meaning ` tree , oak ' and σαυρος / sauros meaning ` lizard ' ; the name reflects the forested habitat , not a vague oak-leaf shape of its cheek teeth as is sometimes assumed ) is a genus of an ornithopod dinosaur that lived in the Late Jurassic period . It was an iguanodont ( formerly classified as a hypsilophodont ) . Fossils have been found in the western United States ( and supposedly the Marnes de Bleville locality in Europe ) , and were first discovered in the late 19th century . Valdosaurus canaliculatus and Dysalotosaurus lettowvorbecki were both formerly considered to represent species of Dryosaurus .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "615cabd5708e870dc511351a7d78501d", "text": "Evolution of reptiles Reptiles arose about 310 -- 320 million years ago during the Carboniferous period . Reptiles , in the traditional sense of the term , are defined as animals that have scales or scutes , lay land-based hard-shelled eggs , and possess ectothermic metabolisms . So defined , the group is paraphyletic , excluding endothermic animals like birds and mammals that are descended from early reptiles . A definition in accordance with phylogenetic nomenclature , which rejects paraphyletic groups , includes birds while excluding mammals and their synapsid ancestors . So defined , Reptilia is identical to Sauropsida . Though few reptiles today are apex predators , many examples of apex reptiles have existed in the past . Reptiles have an extremely diverse evolutionary history that has led to biological successes , such as dinosaurs , pterosaurs , plesiosaurs , mosasaurs , and ichthyosaurs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a01d28bf21deb7633586d3dc5b6f310", "text": "Saurosphargidae Saurosphargidae is an extinct family of marine reptiles known from the early Middle Triassic ( Anisian stage ) of Europe and China . The type species of the family is Saurosphargis volzi , named by Friedrich von Huene in 1936 based on a single specimen collected from the lower Anisian Lower Muschelkalk of Gogolin , Poland - a section of 12 incomplete back vertebrae with ribs . The generic name of Saurosphargis is derived from Greek sauros , `` lizard '' , and sphargis , the old genus name for the leatherback turtle , in reference to the dorsal osteoderm `` body armor '' and broadened ribs forming a closed chest rib basket , traits that are seemingly transitional between turtles and other reptiles . However , due to the only known specimen ' destruction during World War II , many authors considered Saurosphargis to be a nomen dubium . Nevertheless , even based on surviving descriptions alone , many differences were noted even from its closest known relative at the time , Eusaurosphargis dalsassoi from the Anisian-Ladinian boundary of the southern Alps . Various hypotheses existed for the affinities of these species , and together with Helveticosaurus , they were originally thought to be placodonts , but later studies suggested relatedness to other sauropterygians and / or ichthyopterygians . It was n't until nearly a century after the discovery of Saurosphargis , that other specimens closely related to it were found in China . In 2011 , Li et al. described and named three of these specimens , Sinosaurosphargis yunguiensis , referring to this species being the Chinese version of Saurosphargis . The specimens of Sinosaurosphargis were collected from Member II of the Guanling Formation , dating to the Pelsonian ( mid-late Anisian ) . Based on very detailed descriptions and figures of Saurosphargis in Huene ( 1936 ) , and based on comparisons with the well-preserved Sinosauropshargis , Li et al. ( 2011 ) resurrected Saurosphargis volzi as a valid species , and erected the family Saurosphargidae to contain the two . Furthermore , they reported the discovery of material referable to Saurosphargis from the Lower Muschelkalk of Winterswijk , Netherlands , that is under preparation . Saurosphargis and Sinosaurosphargis were included in a phylogenetic analysis , and were recovered in a monophyletic Saurosphargidae which was found to be the sister taxon of Thalattosauriformes . Sauropterygia was recovered as the sister taxon of their combined group , with a clade formed by Eusaurosphargis and Helveticosaurus in a position basal to it . In 2014 , Li et al. described a second species of Largocephalosaurus , that was initially interpreted as an eosauropterygian due to the limited preparation of the holotype of its type species L. polycarpon . The second species L. qianensis , known from three specimens , and the newly prepared portions of L. polycarpon postcranial skeleton , revealed the same osteoderm `` body armor '' and broadened rib basket that are unique to saurosphargids . Thus , Largocephalosaurus was reinterpreted as a saurosphargid and a phylogenetic analysis recovered both species , forming a monophyletic Largocephalosaurus , as basal to the clade formed by Saurosphargis and Sinosaurosphargis . All four known specimens of Largocephalosaurus came from the Luoping Biota , from Member II of the Guanling Formation , that yielded Sinosaurosphargis , alongside various invertebrates , fish , basal ichthyosaurs , Atopodentatus , and several species of eosauropterygian , including both pachypleurosaurs and nothosaurids .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d99ce986da722242548695bce72fbd2b", "text": "Sand Monkeys Sand Monkeys is a young adult novel by the Australian writer Joanne Horniman , who is known for novels centering on realistic depictions of people in unusual relationships . It was published in 1992 by Omnibus Books . The author 's work on the novel was assisted by a writer 's grant from the Australia Council . It received a Notable Book designation by the Children 's Book Council of Australia . Sand Monkeys follows a period in the life a sixteen-year-old boy named Max , upon moving into a new household in Petersham , an inner suburb of Sydney Australia . The narrative is framed by a series of letters which Max writes to his friend Socrates , in which Max describes his feelings about the events in the story . Like Joanne Horniman 's other works , The Serpentine Belt ( 1994 ) and Loving Athena ( 1997 ) , Sand Monkeys features the theme of the search for a lost parent , as well as the forging of strong bonds between characters who are not related by blood . In common with Joanne Horniman 's other books , Sand Monkeys concerns people 's interaction with the natural world - in this case , with the trees that Max raises and plants . She writes that this is '' ... not in the usual adventurous sense but in a more spiritual way . We are all connected with forces that we are only aware of some of the time ... '' Author Joanne Horniman is involved with preserving the native Australian flora of her region in New South Wales , collecting and planting native plant seeds . In the novel , the main character Max reflects this concern in his project of raising native plants from seed , and planting them around his neighbourhood .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a17b18db69e04fb08ba30edc1e0130d", "text": "Logic of Empire `` Logic of Empire '' is a science fiction novella by American writer Robert A. Heinlein . Part of his Future History series , it originally appeared in Astounding Science Fiction ( March 1941 ) , and was collected in The Green Hills of Earth ( and subsequently The Past Through Tomorrow ) . Ostensibly a tale about a man in the wrong place at the wrong time , and his struggle to free himself from the oppressive circumstances in which he is plunged , this story also serves to explain how slavery develops in a new colony . Even in the future , the technology available to a new colony is always initially low . If a machine to do a necessary job is too expensive to import ( say a wheat harvester , a water pump , or even a washing machine ) , a human must do it instead . If too many jobs must be done by hand and there is a shortage of labor compared with independent resources that free labor could take up ( `` land '' , although this condition is not clear in the story ) , a market for slavery develops . Decades later , while there is still an abundance of land , this market remains because the colony itself has quotas to meet and debts to repay - they can not spare the resources to develop local industries to make the machines themselves and free labor does not have to bid its price down enough to out compete slave labor . Throughout the story , Heinlein takes the view of the objective narrator when describing Venusian society . `` Logic of Empire '' places different rationales on the people who participate in slavery . There are no real villains ; everybody 's just doing their job , trying to maximize income in a capitalist system . Even the plantation owner who owns the hero is portrayed as a struggling -- and failing -- small businessman , whose main motivation is to secure a livelihood for his daughter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b2a8b0dce09bcaff373b139879ea250d", "text": "Before (short story) `` Before '' is a short story by Gael Baudino written deliberately in a style similar to William Faulkner 's : the foreword to the story says , `` the sometimes strange syntax and editorial elisions are intentional in this homage to Faulkner . '' It concerns Greta Harlow , a young woman living in a Lee 's Corners , a small town in fictional Oktibushubee County . She is raped and impregnated by Jimmy White , son of a prominent and wealthy businessman . An elderly wealthy woman , Mrs. Gavin , counsels her on how to abort the baby . The story ends with Greta debating whether to follow through with the abortion or not . Lee 's Corners , Sophonsiba Gavin , and Greta 's child , Magic , all play key parts in Baudino 's most recent book , `` The Borders of Life '' ( written as Gael Kathryns ) . Category :1996 short stories Category : American short stories Category : Fantasy short stories Category : Rape in fiction", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e12e59707c3771d0fe2ab1b4bdcf68b3", "text": "South American land mammal age The South American land mammal ages ( SALMA ) establish a geologic timescale for prehistoric South American fauna beginning 64.5 Ma during the Paleogene and continuing through to the Middle Pleistocene ( 0.33 Ma ) . These periods are referred to as ages , stages , or intervals and were established using geographic place names where fossil materials where obtained . The basic unit of measure is the first/last boundary statement . This shows that the first appearance event of one taxon is known to predate the last appearance event of another . If two taxa are found in the same fossil quarry or at the same stratigraphic horizon , then their age-range zones overlap .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "77943954073ead87b188b0142da94040", "text": "Chromogisaurus Chromogisaurus is a sauropodomorph which existed in Argentina during the late Triassic period . It was a herbivore about 2 m in length , and was optionally quadrupedal . Chromogisaurus was first named by Martín Daniel Ezcurra in 2010 , and the type species is Chromogisaurus novasi . The generic name is derived from Greek chroma , `` colour '' , and gè , `` earth '' , a reference to the Valle Pintado , the `` Painted Valley '' . The specific name honours Fernando Emilio Novas . The holotype , PVSJ 846 , was found in a layer of the Ischigualasto Formation dating from the Carnian . This makes Chromogisaurus one of the oldest known dinosaurs . The specimen consists of a partial skeleton lacking the skull , with elements of the front and hind limbs , as well as the pelvis and two caudal vertebrae . A cladistic analysis by Ezcurra indicated that Chromogisaurus was a member of a clade basal sauropodomorphs , the Guaibasauridae , together with Guaibasaurus , the disputed Agnosphitys , Panphagia and Saturnalia . Within Guaibasauridae , it forms a smaller clade with its sister taxon Saturnalia , the Saturnaliinae .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "49caaf71351cb1164d8fea74ce3136a0", "text": "The Land Ironclads `` The Land Ironclads '' is a short story by H.G. Wells that originally appeared in the December 1903 issue of the Strand Magazine . It features `` land ironclads , '' 100 ft armoured fighting vehicles that carry riflemen , engineers , and a captain , and are armed with remote-controlled , semi-automatic rifles . ( The term `` ironclad '' was coined in the mid-19th century for steam-propelled warships protected by iron or steel armour plates . ) The land ironclads are described as `` essentially long , narrow , and very strong steel frameworks carrying the engines , and borne on eight pairs of big pedrail wheels , each about ten feet in diameter , each a driving wheel and set upon long axles free to swivel around a common axis ... . the captain ... had look-out points at small ports all round the upper edge of the adjustable skirt of twelve-inch ironplating which protected the whole affair , and ... could also raise or depress a conning-tower set above the port-holes through the center of the iron top cover . '' Riflemen are installed in cabins `` slung along the sides of and behind and before the great main framework , '' and operate mechanically targeting , semi-automatic rifles . The story contributed to Wells 's reputation as a `` prophet of the future '' when tanks first appeared on the battlefield in 1916 . For contemporaries , Wells 's rather sketchy battle between countrymen `` defenders '' ( who rely on cavalry and entrenched infantry ) and attacking townsmen carried echoes of the Boer War , as well as of his 1898 novel The War of the Worlds , which also featured a struggle between technologically uneven protagonists .", "title": "" } ]	fever
47ce2a93d4652e74865f11a03f8bd449	Marlon Brando was a supporter of Native American movements.	[ { "docid": "b32b95bf5cf758eabea1cc9835f6946c", "text": "Marlon Brando Marlon Brando , Jr. ( April 3 , 1924 -- July 1 , 2004 ) was an American actor , film director and political activist . He is credited with bringing realism to film acting . He helped to popularize the Stanislavski system of acting , studying with Stella Adler in the 1940s . Brando is widely known for his Academy Award-winning performances as Terry Malloy in On the Waterfront ( 1954 ) and Vito Corleone in The Godfather ( 1972 ) , as well as his performances in A Streetcar Named Desire ( 1951 ) , Viva Zapata ! ( 1952 ) , Julius Caesar ( 1953 ) , The Wild One ( 1953 ) , Guys and Dolls ( 1955 ) , Sayonara ( 1957 ) , Reflections in a Golden Eye ( 1967 ) , Last Tango in Paris ( 1972 ) , and Apocalypse Now ( 1979 ) . Brando was also an activist for many causes , notably the Civil Rights Movement and various Native American movements . He initially gained acclaim and an Academy Award nomination for reprising the role of Stanley Kowalski in the 1951 film adaptation of Tennessee Williams ' play A Streetcar Named Desire , a role that he had originated successfully on Broadway . He received further praise for his performance as Terry Malloy in On the Waterfront , and his portrayal of the rebel motorcycle gang leader Johnny Strabler in The Wild One proved to be a lasting image in popular culture . Brando received Academy Award nominations for playing Emiliano Zapata in Viva Zapata ! ; Mark Antony in Joseph L. Mankiewicz 's 1953 film adaptation of Shakespeare 's Julius Caesar ; and Air Force Major Lloyd Gruver in Sayonara ( 1957 ) , an adaption of James Michener 's 1954 novel . Brando was included in a list of Top Ten Money Making Stars three times in the 1950s , coming in at number 10 in 1954 , number 6 in 1955 , and number 4 in 1958 . The 1960s proved to be a fallow decade for Brando . He directed and starred in the cult western film One-Eyed Jacks , a critical and commercial flop , after which he delivered a series of box-office failures , beginning with the 1962 film adaptation of the novel Mutiny on the Bounty . After 10 years , during which he did not appear in a successful film , he won his second Academy Award for playing Vito Corleone in Francis Ford Coppola 's The Godfather , a role critics consider among his greatest . The Godfather was then one of the most commercially successful films of all time . With that and his Oscar-nominated performance in Last Tango in Paris , Brando re-established himself in the ranks of top box-office stars , placing sixth and tenth in the Money Making Stars poll in 1972 and 1973 , respectively . Brando took a four-year hiatus before appearing in The Missouri Breaks ( 1976 ) . After this , he was content with being a highly paid character actor in cameo roles , such as in Superman ( 1978 ) and The Formula ( 1980 ) , before taking a nine-year break from motion pictures . According to the Guinness Book of World Records , Brando was paid a record $ 3.7 million ( $ million in inflation-adjusted dollars ) and 11.75 % of the gross profits for 13 days ' work on Superman . He finished out the 1970s with his controversial performance as Colonel Kurtz in another Coppola film , Apocalypse Now , a box-office hit for which he was highly paid and which helped finance his career layoff during the 1980s . Brando was ranked by the American Film Institute as the fourth-greatest movie star among male movie stars whose screen debuts occurred in or before 1950 . He was one of only three professional actors , along with Charlie Chaplin and Marilyn Monroe , named in 1999 by Time magazine as one of its 100 Most Important People of the Century . He died of respiratory failure on July 1 , 2004 , at age 80 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "35c030893fec27700674a889363d3fcc", "text": "Pan-Indianism Pan-Indianism is a philosophy and movement promoting unity among different American Indian groups in the Americas regardless of tribal or local affiliations . Some academics use the term pan-Amerindianism as a form of disambiguation from other territories called Indian . The movement is largely associated with Native Americans in the Continental United States , but has spread to other indigenous groups as well . A parallel growth of the concept has occurred in Alaska and Canada . There , however , other indigenous peoples , such as the Inuit and the Métis are often included in a wider rubric , sometimes called pan-Aboriginal or some variation thereof . Pan-Indian organizations seek to pool the resources of indigenous groups in order to protect the interests of native peoples across the world .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d1825aab45e140c82f8949cd5627f48f", "text": "Hispanismo Hispanismo or Hispanicism is an ideology , school of thought and historiographic current centered on Spanish heritage . In Hispanic America it is similar but opposite to indigenismo . The view of hispanismo holds that `` countries '' should not deny their cultural roots because in doing so they are denying themselves . In the case of Hispanic America these cultural roots are Spanish and indigenous . An important detail is that in hispanismo the Spanish roots are implicitly more important than the indigenous roots . Hispanismo consist of Hispanic American countries building upon their `` own heritage '' which would be the same as Spanish heritage .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "13db858565383fcd5d793cf212e1142d", "text": "Lannan Literary Awards The Lannan Literary Awards are a series of awards and literary fellowships given out in various fields by the Lannan Foundation . Established in 1989 , the awards are meant `` to honor both established and emerging writers whose work is of exceptional quality '' , according to the foundation . The foundation 's awards are lucrative relative to most awards in literature : the 2006 awards for poetry , fiction and nonfiction each came with $ 150,000 , making them among the richest literary prizes in the world . The awards reflect the philosophy governing the Lannan Foundation , a family foundation established by J. Patrick Lannan , Sr. in 1960 . It describes itself as `` dedicated to cultural freedom , diversity and creativity through projects which support exceptional contemporary artists and writers , as well as inspired Native activists in rural indigenous communities . '' Awards have been made to acclaimed and varied literary figures such as David Foster Wallace , William Gaddis , Lydia Davis , William H. Gass , Steve Erickson and W.S. Merwin . The foundation has also recognized people known as much for their public intellectual activities as for their literary talents , such as Barbara Ehrenreich and Edward Said . The foundation also gives a `` Cultural Freedom Prize '' for the stated purpose of recognizing `` people whose extraordinary and courageous work celebrates the human right to freedom of imagination , inquiry , and expression . '' Prize winners include Elouise P. Cobell , Robert Fisk , Eduardo Galeano , , Mahmoud Darwish , Arundhati Roy , Helen Caldicott and Cornel West . The foundation does not accept applications for awards or fellowships . Candidates are suggested anonymously `` by a network of writers , literary scholars , publishers , and editors , '' with the foundation 's literary committee making the final determination . The foundation also `` provides financial assistance to tribes and nonprofits that serve Native American communities ... '' For instance , it gave more than $ 7 million in grants to the Blackfeet Reservation Development Fund from 1998 to 2009 , to support litigation on behalf of Native Americans with interests in trust lands . This nonprofit was created by Elouise P. Cobell and her legal team to bring claims against the United States for mismanaging lands held in trust for Native Americans . The Cobell v. Salazar case was filed in 1996 and settled in 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f278affc521fedd7c00d0405c32537e0", "text": "Bindibu expedition The Bindibu expedition was a series of three field trips mounted by anthropologist Donald Thomson to meet with and learn from Pintupi Indigenous Australians between 1957 and 1965 . Thomson travelled to the Great Sandy Desert and Gibson Desert -- the Western Desert -- one of the most inhospitable parts of the country , to meet with these people still living as they had done for many thousands of years . The Pintupi ( Bindibu ) were the last Aboriginal group to make contact with Europeans over the period 1956 to 1984 . Many Pintupi people still remember this experience . For many , Thomson was the first white man they had ever seen . In this research he concentrated on the Aborigines ' hunting and gathering practices . He provided a collection of Pintupi material including photographs , notes and films , which now form part of invaluable museum collections . Just before he left the people , they gave him an invaluable lesson on desert water , including an important `` map '' to assist its location . White people had long been puzzled as to how Aborigines could possibly find water in this harsh environment . Many desert explorers had captured Aborigines and used force and brutality to gain this vital knowledge -- see for example , the history of the Canning Stock Route . Thomson writes : Just before we left , the old men recited to me the names of more than fifty waters -- wells , rockholes and claypans ... this , in an area that the early explorers believed to be almost waterless , and where all but a few were , in 1957 , still unknown to the white man . And on the eve of our going , Tjappanongo ( Tjapanangka ) produced spear-throwers , on the backs of which were designs deeply incised , more or less geometric in form . Sometimes with a stick , or with his finger , he would point to each well or rock hole in turn and recite its name , waiting for me to repeat it after him . Each time , the group of old men listened intently and grunted in approval -- `` Eh ! '' -- or repeated the name again and listened once more . This process continued with the name of each water until they were satisfied with my pronunciation , when they would pass on to the next.I realized that here was the most important discovery of the expedition -- that what Tjappanongo and the old men had shown me was really a map , highly conventionalized , like the works on a `` message '' or `` letter '' stick of the Aborigines , of the waters of the vast terrain over which the Bindibu hunted.As well as writing in scholarly , anthropological journals , Thomson often filed articles back to many mainstream publications , such as The Australian Women 's Weekly , about his findings in the Outback with the world 's oldest surviving culture . He was often criticised for this for being low-brow . However , he defended his actions , realising the appeal and fascination of the ordinary Australian with the first Australians and their apparently simple , yet necessarily sophisticated , survival skills Thomson said of the Bindibu : -LSB- They -RSB- have adapted themselves to that bitter environment so that they laugh deeply and grow the fattest babies in the world . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f1aa0525c0bad349fd707caa86a01b0d", "text": "Anti-Mexican sentiment Anti-Mexican sentiment is a negative attitude to people of Mexican descent , Mexican culture and/or accents of Mexican Spanish most commonly found in the United States . In general it is closely associated with Mexican and United States Independence wars , and the struggle over Southwestern territories that once belonged to Spain through the establishment of building Catholic Missions . This eventually would lead to war between the two nations and the defeat of Mexico which came with a great loss of territory . In the 20th century , anti-Mexican sentiment continued to grow after the Zimmermann Telegram incident between the Mexican government during the Mexican Revolution and the German Empire during World War I , . Most of all , anti-Mexican sentiment in the USA stemmed from perception that blame Mexicans for illegal immigration .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "82f98c8f1e20f64c7d7a33a12764224b", "text": "American way The American way of life or simply the American way is the unique lifestyle of the people of the United States of America . It refers to a nationalist ethos that adheres to the principle of life , liberty and the pursuit of happiness . At the center of the American way is the American Dream that upward mobility is achievable by any American through hard work . This concept is intertwined with the concept of American exceptionalism , the belief in the unique culture of the nation . Author William Herberg offers the following definition : One commentator notes , `` The first half of Herberg 's statement still holds true nearly half a century after he first formulated it '' , even though `` Herberg 's latter claims have been severely if not completely undermined ... materialism no longer needs to be justified in high-sounding terms '' . In the National Archives and Records Administration 's 1999 Annual Report , National Archivist John W. Carlin writes , `` We are different because our government and our way of life are not based on the divine right of kings , the hereditary privileges of elites , or the enforcement of deference to dictators . They are based on pieces of paper , the Charters of Freedom - the Declaration that asserted our independence , the Constitution that created our government , and the Bill of Rights that established our liberties . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1d2c6f50ca1aaa8271bfa8411d32a104", "text": "Fear and Loathing on the Campaign Trail '72 Fear and Loathing : On the Campaign Trail '72 is a collection of articles covering the 1972 presidential campaign written by Hunter S. Thompson and illustrated by Ralph Steadman . The articles were first serialized in Rolling Stone magazine throughout 1972 and later released as a book in early 1973 ( San Francisco , CA : Straight Arrow Books , 1973 ; London : Allison & Busby , 1973 ) . The book focuses almost exclusively on the Democratic Party 's primaries and the breakdown of the party as it splits between the different candidates . Of particular focus is the manic maneuvering of the George McGovern campaign during the Miami convention as they sought to ensure the Democratic nomination despite attempts by the Hubert Humphrey campaign and other candidates to block McGovern . Thompson began his coverage of the campaign in December 1971 , just as the race toward the primaries was beginning , from a rented apartment in Washington , DC ( a situation he compared to `` living in an armed camp , a condition of constant fear '' ) . Over the next 12 months , in voluminous detail , he covered every aspect of the campaign , from the smallest rally to the raucous conventions . Because of the freewheeling nature of the campaign , a first-generation fax machine was procured at great expense by the magazine for Thompson . Dubbing it `` the mojo wire '' , Thompson used the new technology to extend the writing process precariously close to printing deadlines , often haphazardly sending in notes mere hours before the magazine went to press . Fellow writers and editors would have to assemble the finished product with Thompson over the phone . Like his earlier novel Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas , Thompson employed a number of unique literary styles in On the Campaign Trail , including the use of vulgarity and the humorous exaggeration of events . Despite the unconventional style , the book is still considered a hallmark of campaign journalism and helped to launch Thompson 's role as a popular political observer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "70bae3cc696e13bbf26e7ed122da9606", "text": "Virgin Islands Americans Virgin Islands Americans are Americans from the U.S. Virgin Islands or British Virgin Islands who reside in the continental United States , or continental Americans of Virgin Islands heritage . Persons born in the U.S. Virgin Islands are United States citizens , and as a result do not go through the legal immigration procedures a typical West Indies immigrant would . They are also , due to cultural affinities with the Anglophone Caribbean , U.S. Virgin Islanders in the U.S. are considered part of the Caribbean American immigrant community . It is difficult to determine how many Virgin Islanders reside in the United States . According to the 2000 U.S. Census , there are 15,014 of U.S. Virgin Islands ancestry residing in the continental United States . However , a count of American residents with `` U.S. Virgin Islands ancestry '' excludes most U.S. Virgin Islands-born immigrants in the United States . Because of a high incidence of inter-Caribbean migration throughout the 1960s and 1970s , most native-born U.S. Virgin Islanders today are one or two generations removed from other Caribbean islands and would not necessarily define themselves as having `` U.S. Virgin Islands ancestry . '' For example , Tim Duncan is a St. Croix native with Anguillian ancestry . The population of immigrants of British Virgin Islands origin in the United States is also difficult to determine , as they are not specifically counted in the U.S. Census , but grouped with other Caribbean British Overseas Territories as `` British West Indies . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "529a1c4846dc4c37eab61f38f5d1b7af", "text": "Dakota people The Dakota people are a Native American tribe and First Nations band government in North America . They compose two of the three main subcultures of the Sioux -LSB- ˈsuː -RSB- people , and are typically divided into the Eastern Dakota and the Western Dakota . The Eastern Dakota are the Santee ( Isáŋyathi or Isáŋ-athi ; `` knife '' + `` encampment '' , ″ dwells at the place of knife flint ″ ) , who reside in the eastern Dakotas , central Minnesota and northern Iowa . They have federally recognized tribes established in several places . The Western Dakota are the Yankton , and the Yanktonai ( Iháŋktȟuŋwaŋ and Iháŋktȟuŋwaŋna ; `` Village-at-the-end '' and `` Little village-at-the-end '' ) , who reside in the Missouri River area . The Yankton-Yanktonai are collectively also referred to by the endonym Wičhíyena ( ″ Those Who Speak Like Men ″ ) . They also have distinct federally recognized tribes . In the past the Western Dakota have been erroneously classified as Nakota , a branch of the Sioux who moved further west . The latter are now located in Montana and across the border in Canada , where they are known as Stoney .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "54ded67993d74f131774a093d5f151c4", "text": "Kiowa Costonie Prophet Kiowa Costonie was born in 1903 on an Indian reservation in Salt Lake City , Utah . Abandoned by his parents as an infant , Costonie spent his adolescent years living from one foster home to another . After four name changes and several adoptions later , he settled with the name Kiowa Costonie , which he believed was his original name given by his birth mother . The prophet spent a great deal of his life traveling from state to state , investing in business ventures and uplifting those in the black community . During the 1930s , Kiowa Costonie was noted as being one of the most active voices against racial inequality in Baltimore , Maryland . In 1933 , he left his home in Harlem , New York City to pilot several dozen boycotts against local store owners who would not employ African Americans . Costonie massive boycott included : The A&P , ASCO , Tommy Tucker 's five and dime store , Max Meyers ' shoe store , and Howard Cleaners and Dryers . His famous `` Buy Where You Can Work '' campaign led to the successful hiring of nearly one hundred blacks in Northwest Baltimore . Prophet Costonie also considered himself to be a `` faith healer '' . He led thousands to believe that he had the ability to cure ailments with the touch of his hands and prayer . Costonie practiced his faith healing in Baltimore at several local churches before founding a number of religious institutions in many cities . He also published two books , `` How To Win and Hold a Husband '' and `` Costonie 's Book of Dreams '' . Kiowa Costonie led an adventurous , busy life helping those in need until his death in 1971 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d1487bb3d2d389eb5f561e01d990571f", "text": "James Young Deer James Young Deer ( April 1 , 1876 -- April 6 , 1946 ) , also known as J. Younger Johnson or Jim Young Deer , was actually born James Young Johnson in Washington , D.C. Although he was identified in the early Hollywood trade paper Moving Picture World as of the Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska , his ancestry is of the Nanticoke people of Delaware . He became an early film actor , director , writer , and producer . He is believed to be the first Native American filmmaker/producer in Hollywood . Together with his wife and partner Lillian St. Cyr , Winnebago , the couple were labeled an `` influential force '' in the production of one-reel Westerns during the first part of the silent film era . Their films , along with several others of the silent era , were notable for portraying Native Americans in a positive light . Questions were raised about Young Deer 's Winnebago background when film historians were unable to verify much about his origins , and he was not listed on the Winnebago tribal rolls in the early 20th century .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca22ac7cb718acabc226442ba432625f", "text": "Land of the Blind Land of the Blind is a 2006 British-American black comedy drama film starring Ralph Fiennes , Donald Sutherland , Tom Hollander and Lara Flynn Boyle . Land of the Blind is a dark political satire , based on several incidents throughout history in which tyrannical rulers were overthrown by new leaders who proved to be just as bad , if not worse , and subtle references are made to several such cases . The title is taken from the saying , `` In the land of the blind , the one-eyed man is king . '' Land of the Blind had its world premiere in competition at the International Film Festival Rotterdam , and was the Opening Night Gala film at the 2006 Human Rights Watch Film Festival in London . Its U.S. premiere was in competition at the 2006 Tribeca Film Festival . The film sparked intense reaction during its festival run , attacked by both left and right , each of which saw the film as a critique of its position . Historical references in the film include Jean-Paul Marat ( from the French Revolution ) , Kim Jong-Il , Joseph Stalin , Benito Mussolini , Augusto Pinochet , Anastasio Somoza Debayle , François Duvalier , Rudolph Hess , Jean-Claude Duvalier , Lyndon B. Johnson , Julius Caesar ( from William Shakespeare 's play ) , Robert Mugabe , Ngo Dinh Diem , Idi Amin , the PIRA Maze prison protests , U.S. POWs in Vietnam , the Weathermen terrorist group , the Khmer Rouge , the 1979 Revolution in Iran , and the subsequent Cultural Revolution in that country .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "43698ec768ac947bec7b6cccb8999258", "text": "American Indian boarding schools Native American boarding schools were established in the United States during the late 19th and early 20th centuries to educate and assimilate Native American children and youths according to Euro-American standards . These boarding schools were first established by Christian missionaries of various denominations , who often started schools on reservations and founded boarding schools to provide opportunities for children who did not have colonial schools nearby , especially in the lightly populated areas of the West . The government paid religious orders to provide education to Native American children on reservations . In the late 19th and early 20th centuries , the Bureau of Indian Affairs ( BIA ) founded additional boarding schools based on the assimilation model of the Carlisle Indian Industrial School off-reservation . Children were typically immersed in European-American culture through appearance changes with haircuts , were forbidden to speak their native languages , and traditional names were replaced by new European-American names ( to both `` civilize '' and `` Christianize '' ) . The experience of the schools was often harsh , especially for the younger children who were forcibly separated from their families . In numerous ways , they were encouraged or forced to abandon their Native American identities and cultures . Investigations of the later twentieth century have revealed many documented cases of sexual , manual , physical and mental abuse occurring at these schools . Since those years , tribal nations have increasingly insisted on community-based schools and have also founded numerous tribal colleges and universities . Community schools have also been supported by the federal government through the BIA and legislation . The largest boarding schools have closed . By 2007 , most of the schools had been closed down and the number of Native American children in boarding schools had declined to 9,500 . In this same period , more Native Americans live in urban environments and having to accommodate to majority culture .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a845760004e8fe446fa19448ce04fbb2", "text": "Suzan Shown Harjo Suzan Shown Harjo ( born June 2 , 1945 ) ( Cheyenne and Hodulgee Muscogee ) is an advocate for American Indian rights . She is a poet , writer , lecturer , curator , and policy advocate , who has helped Native peoples recover more than one million acres ( 4,000 km ² ) of tribal lands . After co-producing the first Indian news show in the nation for WBAI radio while living in New York City , and producing other shows and theater , in 1974 she moved to Washington , DC , to work on national policy issues . She served as Congressional liaison for Indian affairs in the President Jimmy Carter administration and later as president of the National Council of American Indians . Harjo is President of the Morning Star Institute , a national Native American rights organization . Since the 1960s , she has worked on getting sports teams to drop names that promote negative stereotypes of Native Americans . In June 2014 , the Patent and Trademark Office revoked the Washington Redskins trademark ; the owner said he would appeal . By 2013 two-thirds of teams with American Indian mascots had changed them due to these public campaigns . On November 24 , 2014 , Harjo received the Presidential Medal of Freedom , the United States ' highest civilian honor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9f8eae82a811d860f395f9b32b466621", "text": "Cultural assimilation of Native Americans The cultural assimilation of Native Americans was an assimilation effort by the United States to transform Native American culture to European -- American culture between the years of 1790 -- 1920 . George Washington and Henry Knox were first to propose , in an American context , the cultural transformation of Native Americans . They formulated a policy to encourage the `` civilizing '' process . With increased waves of immigration from Europe , there was growing public support for education to encourage a standard set of cultural values and practices to be held in common by the majority of citizens . Education was viewed as the primary method in the acculturation process for minorities . Americanization policies were based on the idea that when indigenous people learned United States ( American ) customs and values , they would be able to merge tribal traditions with American culture and peacefully join the majority of the society . After the end of the Indian Wars , in the late 19th and early 20th centuries , the government outlawed the practice of traditional religious ceremonies . It established Native American boarding schools which children were required to attend . In these schools they were forced to speak English , study standard subjects , attend church , and leave tribal traditions behind . The Dawes Act of 1887 , which allotted tribal lands in severalty to individuals , was seen as a way to create individual homesteads for Native Americans . Land allotments were made in exchange for Native Americans ' becoming US citizens and giving up some forms of tribal self-government and institutions . It resulted in the transfer of an estimated total of 93 e6acre from Native American control . Most was sold to individuals or given out free through the Homestead law , or given directly to Indians as individuals . The Indian Citizenship Act of 1924 was also part of Americanization policy ; it gave full citizenship to all Indians living on reservations . The leading opponent of forced assimilation was John Collier , who directed the federal Office of Indian Affairs from 1933 to 1945 , and tried to reverse many of the established policies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f14e247c06a311c05e60d25226711c1b", "text": "Mexican Kickapoo The Mexican Kickapoo ( Tribu Kikapú ) are a bi-national indigenous people , some of whom live both in Mexico and in the United States . In Mexico , they were granted land at Hacienda del Nacimiento near the town of Múzquiz in the state of Coahuila in 1850 . A few small groups of Kickapoo also live in the states of Sonora and Durango . The Mexican Kickapoo often work as migrants in Texas and move throughout the midwest and the western United States , returning in winter to Mexico . They are affiliated with the federally recognized tribes of the Kickapoo Traditional Tribe of Texas , Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma , and Kickapoo Tribe in Kansas . In 1979 the Mexican Kickapoo who were dual residents requested clarification of their status , as they had no clear legal status in either the United States or Mexico . An Act was passed in 1983 by the United States Congress , which recognized them as a distinct subgroup of the Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma . It also granted federal recognition to the Texas Kickapoo . A 1985 law gave the Texas band the option of selecting Mexican or U.S. citizenship . Some 145 of the tribe members chose to become U.S. citizens and the remaining 500 or so chose to obtain Mexican citizenship .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e33b097fdfa2393bef0ea9bcd75da940", "text": "Romantic racism Romantic racism is a form of racism in which members of a dominant group project their fantasies onto members of oppressed groups . Feminist scholars have accused Norman Mailer , Jack Kerouac , and other Beatnik authors of the 1950s of romantic racism . They maintain that the dominant mainstream culture of the 1950s in the United States stressed conformity and held up middle-class suburban families as the cultural ideal , and that it was indifferent to art and literature , upheld racial segregation , and despised or ignored black achievements , such as jazz . Those , like the novelist Norman Mailer , who felt limited by or alienated from mainstream culture , sought out influences from other cultures as form of rebellion . Mailer , a great fan of jazz music , created his concept of what it meant to be `` hip , '' or a member of the white urban counterculture , largely on his perception of the culture of urban African-Americans ( with whom the expression `` hip '' , meaning `` in the know '' , originated ) and articulated his vision in his essay `` The White Negro . '' Mailer , who considered himself an opponent of Victorian sexual repression and regimentation , idealized what he saw as the sexual and other freedoms of minority and other counter-cultural groups , overlooking the fact that in these groups sexual exploitation of women sometimes occurred.These critics consider his depictions of what he imagines African-American life to be like as an instance of what they call `` romantic racism '' , contending that he implies that in urban ghettoes -- filled with sex , drugs , and violence -- life is somehow enriched , rather than hurt , by poverty and crime . Mailer 's essay has also been criticized for spreading the stereotype of African-American men as hypermasculine and hypersexual .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9b311b1da1ffa187533ed7c5e640e06d", "text": "Occaneechi Band of the Saponi Nation The Occaneechi Band of the Saponi Nation are descendants of the historic Saponi and other Siouan-speaking Indians who occupied the Piedmont of North Carolina and Virginia . The community is located primarily in Pleasant Grove Township , Alamance County , North Carolina . The tribe maintains an office in Mebane , where it carries out programs to benefit the roughly 701 enrolled tribal members . Limited documentation exists linking members of the tribe to the historical Occaneechi and Saponi tribes . After warfare in the Southeast in the 18th century , most of the remaining Saponi tribe members went north in 1740 for protection with the Iroquois . After the American Revolution , they relocated with the Iroquois in Canada , as they had been allies of the British . After the war and migration , the Saponi disappeared from the historical record in the Southeast , in part because of racial discrimination that often included them in records only as free blacks or free people of color , when the states and federal government had no category in censuses for American Indian . In addition , because slavery became essentially a racial caste , southern society tended to classify people with any African ancestry as black , rather than recognizing mixed ancestry . This was especially true in the late 19th and early 20th century , after white Democrats regained control of state legislatures across the South and imposed a binary system of racial segregation . Remnant Saponi who stayed in North Carolina were mostly acculturated . The community was traditionally located at the old `` Little Texas '' community of Pleasant Grove Township , where the tribe owns 25 acre of land . In the twentieth century , the tribe worked to revive its cultural traditions . It is developing a tribal center facility . This will include a reconstructed 1700 Occaneechi village , museum , log farm from the 1880s , community meeting space , and classroom areas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "567ee987415838a83239694d64206142", "text": "State recognized tribes in the United States State recognized tribes are Native American Indian Tribes , Nations , and Heritage Groups that have been recognized by a process established under assorted state laws for varying purposes . With increasing activism by tribal nations since the mid-20th century to obtain federal recognition of their tribal sovereignty , many states have passed legislation to recognize some tribes and acknowledge the self-determination and continuity of historic ethnic groups . The majority of these groups are located in the Eastern US , as is the case with the three largest state-recognized tribes : viz . the Lumbee Tribe of North Carolina and the United Houma Nation of Louisiana . In many cases , they have recognized tribes that were landless ; that is , did not have an Indian reservation or communal land holdings . In addition , such states have often established commissions or other administrative bodies to deal with Native American affairs within the state . It has resulted from the process of increasing self-determination and preservation of cultural identity within some Native American communities , including descendants who remained in states east of the Mississippi River when many tribes were removed during the 19th century . State recognition confers limited benefits under federal law . It is not the same as federal recognition , which is the federal government 's acknowledgment of a tribe as a dependent sovereign nation . Some states have provided laws related to state recognition that provide some protection of autonomy for tribes not recognized by the federal government . For example , in Connecticut , state law recognizing certain tribes also protects reservations and limited self-government rights for state-recognized tribes . Such state recognition has at times been opposed by federally recognized tribes . For instance , the Cherokee Nation opposes state-recognized tribes claiming Cherokee identity , as well as many non-recognized groups that also claim to be Cherokee . Numerous other groups assert that they are Indian tribes . Many are listed in List of unrecognized tribes in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6777367b9279edab39d8dcc018462d28", "text": "Cherokee removal Cherokee removal , part of the Trail of Tears , refers to the forced relocation between 1836 and 1839 of the Cherokee Nation from their lands in Georgia , South Carolina , North Carolina , Tennessee , Texas , and Alabama to the Indian Territory ( present day Oklahoma ) in the then Western United States , and the resultant deaths along the way and at the end of the movement of an estimated 4000 Cherokee . The Cherokee have come to call the event Nu na da ul tsun yi ( vvvhe place where they cried ) ; another term is Tlo va sa ( our removal ) -- both phrases not used at the time , and seems to be of Choctaw origin . Removal actions ( voluntary , reluctantly or forcibly ) occurred to other American Indian groups in the American South , North , Midwest , Southwest , and the Plains regions . The Chickasaw , Choctaw , Creek and ( Muskogee ) were removed reluctantly . The Seminole in Florida responded to removal by the United States Army for decades ( 1817 -- 1850 ) with guerrilla warfare , part of the intermittent Native American Wars that lasted from 1540 to 1924 . Some Seminole remained in their Florida home country , while others were transported to Indian Territory in shackles . The phrase `` Trail of Tears '' is used to refer to similar events endured by other Indian groups , especially among the `` Five Civilized Tribes '' . The phrase originated as a description of the voluntary removal of the Choctaw nation in 1831 .", "title": "" } ]	fever
640952cb54bd0416ce3e29803c16eda2	A film that stars Sharon Tate was directed by her husband.	[ { "docid": "bd2758966feefddca3ea70bab092e5c2", "text": "Sharon Tate Sharon Marie Tate Polanski ( January 24 , 1943 -- August 9 , 1969 ) was an American actress and model . During the 1960s , she played small television roles before appearing in films and was regularly featured in fashion magazines as a model and cover girl . After receiving positive reviews for her comedic and dramatic acting performances , Tate was hailed as one of Hollywood 's most promising newcomers . She made her film debut in 1966 with the occult-themed Eye of the Devil . Her most remembered performance was as Jennifer North in the 1967 cult classic film , Valley of the Dolls , earning her a Golden Globe Award nomination . Tate 's last completed film , 12 +1 was released posthumously in 1969 , with the actress receiving top billing . In January 20 , 1968 , Tate married Roman Polanski , her director and co-star in 1967 's The Fearless Vampire Killers . On August 9 , 1969 , Tate , along with four others , was murdered by members of the Manson Family in the home she shared with Polanski . At the time of her death , she was eight-and-a-half months pregnant with the couple 's son . A decade after Tate 's murder , the actress ' mother , Doris Tate , in response to the growing cult status of the killers and the possibility of them being granted parole , organized a public campaign that resulted in amendments to the California criminal law . Tate 's mother went on to say that the law would `` help transform Sharon 's legacy from murder victim to a symbol of victims ' rights '' . A book by Tate 's sister , Debra Tate , titled Sharon Tate : Recollection , was released in 2014 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "11317fd880db4d5a40fad3c2a5130106", "text": "Sweet Hearts Dance Sweet Hearts Dance is a 1988 American comedy drama film directed by Robert Greenwald . The screenplay by Ernest Thompson centers on two small town couples , one married for several years and the other at the beginning of their relationship . The film was shot on location in Hyde Park , Vermont at Brendan Mullins ' house . Mayor of Burlington , future Vermont Senator and 2016 presidential candidate Bernie Sanders makes a cameo appearance in the film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d32b0a41b0769eeb5aba774729f08a8d", "text": "Married and in Love Married and in Love is a 1940 film directed by John Farrow .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "374382f1fe916f750791aa03f08ae0d6", "text": "Sharon Corder Sharon Corder is an American writer , producer , and educator based in Toronto , Ontario , Canada . With her husband Jack Blum , she has written and produced more than fifty hours of television drama for both Canadian and American broadcasters . In 2005 , Blum and Corder began Reel Canada , their non-profit organization dedicated to celebrating Canadian film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "af99d8a0f494fe6edd4f8eef429e2431", "text": "Sacrifice (2016 film) Sacrifice is a 2016 American thriller film that was written and directed by Peter A. Dowling , and starred Radha Mitchell and Rupert Graves . It was filmed in Ireland , Shetland , Scotland , and New York City . The film is based on the book Sacrifice by Sharon Bolton .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "06e265863ef32115510b7449e646812b", "text": "Love Story (1970 film) Love Story is a 1970 American romantic drama film written by Erich Segal , who was also the author of the best-selling novel of the same name . It was produced by Howard G. Minskyand directed by Arthur Hiller and starred Ali MacGraw and Ryan O'Neal , alongside John Marley , Ray Milland , and Tommy Lee Jones in his film debut in a minor role . A tragedy , the film is considered one of the most romantic by the American Film Institute ( # 9 on the list ) and is # 37 in the list of highest-grossing films in Canada and the United States . It was followed by a sequel , Oliver 's Story ( 1978 ) , starring O'Neal with Candice Bergen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5c1071d3bf49604edab16446fc5a0ab3", "text": "In the Flesh (1998 film) In the Flesh is a 1998 independent gay-themed murder mystery film , produced , written , and directed by Ben Taylor . It is set in Atlanta , Georgia where it was filmed on a very low budget , according to the writer-director . It tells how two gay men on both sides of the law are brought together as intimate friends amid the dark events and circumstances that surround them .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d8971a05b693428f5582e2a84deac2aa", "text": "The Husband The Husband is a novel by the best-selling author Dean Koontz , released in 2006 . Focus Features , in conjunction with Random House Films , has announced that a film adaptation has been greenlit .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "565fcb7ebd09231b2464969ce911e792", "text": "Thirty Seconds Over Tokyo Thirty Seconds Over Tokyo is a 1944 American war film released by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer . It is based on the true story of the Doolittle Raid , America 's first retaliatory air strike against Japan four months after the December 1941 Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor . Mervyn LeRoy directed Thirty Seconds Over Tokyo and Sam Zimbalist produced the film . The screenplay by Dalton Trumbo was based on the 1943 book of the same name , written by Captain Ted W. Lawson , a pilot who participated in the raid . In both the book and the film , Lawson gives an eyewitness account of the training , the mission , and the aftermath as experienced by his crew and others who flew the mission on April 18 , 1942 . Lawson piloted `` The Ruptured Duck '' , the seventh of 16 B-25s to take off from the aircraft carrier USS Hornet aka , `` Shangri-La . '' Thirty Seconds Over Tokyo stars Van Johnson as Lawson , Phyllis Thaxter as his wife Ellen , Robert Walker as Corporal David Thatcher , Robert Mitchum as Lieutenant Bob Gray and Spencer Tracy as Lieutenant Colonel Jimmy Doolittle , the man who planned and led the raid . The film is noted for its accurate depiction of the historical details of the raid , as well as its use of actual wartime footage of the bombers in some flying scenes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f5c0eab8f8bb202e3baaaef7952557a6", "text": "The Astronaut's Wife The Astronaut 's Wife is a 1999 American science fiction thriller film directed and written by Rand Ravich . It stars Johnny Depp and Charlize Theron .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "88cab0f948f08c1d33c924530d0f77da", "text": "Housewives from Another World Housewives from Another World is a 2010 American made for cable erotic film directed by Fred Olen Ray ( under the pseudonym name Nicholas Juan Medina ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d9cd935cd4ef66b0e7af80e7206f37a", "text": "Dirty Deeds (2005 film) Dirty Deeds is a 2005 American comedy film directed by David Kendall , produced by Bill Civitella and Dan Kaplow ; written by Jon Land and Jonathan Thies . It was released on August 25 , 2005 in the United States and filmed in Los Angeles , California . The film was given a rating of PG-13 for `` crude humor , sexual content , language , teen partying/sexual references , and some violence '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eec3b68babf0a2181cb8a19f587f82e6", "text": "Jack the Dog Jack the Dog is a 2001 American comedy-drama film , written and directed by Bobby Roth and starring Nestor Carbonell , Barbara Williams , Barry Newman , and Anthony LaPaglia . The film premiered at the Sundance Film Festival on January 22 , 2001 , and was released on DVD in the United States by Rivercoast Films on August 12 , 2008 . A sequel , Manhood , was released in 2003 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7c1b2bf109adafbf1de048f84a44eec4", "text": "Trust (2010 film) Trust is a 2010 American drama thriller film directed by David Schwimmer and based on a screenplay by Andy Bellin and Robert Festinger , and an uncredited story by Schwimmer . It stars Viola Davis , Clive Owen , Catherine Keener , Jason Clarke , and Liana Liberato . The film is about a teenage girl who becomes a victim of sexual abuse when she befriends a man on the Internet .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0ecb283a2c3efb8afb4981aa7998cd14", "text": "Lyle (film) Lyle is a 2014 American drama film written and directed by Stewart Thorndike . The film tells the dramatic story of a mother grieving over the death of her toddler . The film stars actress Gaby Hoffman in the lead role .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d0a2ac7ed64fd151f0245b49eaaaea95", "text": "She's All That She 's All That is a 1999 American teen romantic comedy film directed by Robert Iscove and starring Freddie Prinze , Jr. , Rachael Leigh Cook , Paul Walker and Matthew Lillard . It is a modern adaptation of George Bernard Shaw 's play Pygmalion and George Cukor 's 1964 film My Fair Lady . It was one of the most popular teen films of the 1990s and reached No. 1 at the box office in its first week of release . In April 2015 , it was announced that the film will be remade by The Weinstein Company .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a899734acf0984f5f6d45d9bfc77cdc5", "text": "Tate Donovan Tate Buckley Donovan ( born September 25 , 1963 ) is an American actor and director , known for portraying Tom Shayes in Damages , Jimmy Cooper in The O.C. , and the voice of the title character in the 1997 Disney animated film Hercules , the animated television series of the same name and in a few Kingdom Hearts video games . He also had supporting roles in films , such as Good Night , and Good Luck and Argo . Donovan also played Brian Sanders in Hostages and White House Chief of Staff Mark Boudreau in 24 : Live Another Day . He has been a guest star in a number of television series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "76cb3ae74bd8fec94154c78c8b82bfe2", "text": "Harriet the Spy (film) Harriet the Spy is a 1996 American family comedy film based on the 1964 novel of the same name by Louise Fitzhugh . The film stars Michelle Trachtenberg in her film debut , and is the directorial debut of Bronwen Hughes . Produced by Paramount Pictures , Nickelodeon Movies and Rastar , it was the first film produced under the Nickelodeon Movies banner and the first of two film adaptations of the Harriet the Spy books . In theaters , the remade pilot episode of Hey Arnold ! was shown before the film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be2c3c2afb07f8d615f21dd247b70058", "text": "Raising Helen Raising Helen is a 2004 American comedy-drama film directed by Garry Marshall and written by Jack Amiel and Michael Begler . It stars Kate Hudson , John Corbett , Joan Cusack , Hayden Panettiere , siblings Spencer and Abigail Breslin , and Helen Mirren . It grossed $ 37,486,138 at the U.S. box office .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1011415c53a32e5f0489ee8d849c3c6d", "text": "Her Husband's Friend Her Husband 's Friend is a 1920 American silent drama film directed by Fred Niblo starring Enid Bennett . A copy of the film is preserved at the Library of Congress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fb1da36a33d9b532cd6ff817e8139989", "text": "Garden State (film) Garden State is a 2004 American romantic comedy-drama film , written and directed by Zach Braff and starring Braff , Natalie Portman , Peter Sarsgaard , and Ian Holm . The film centers on Andrew Largeman ( Braff ) , a 26-year-old actor/waiter who returns to his hometown in New Jersey after his mother dies . Braff based the film on his real life experiences . It was filmed in April and May 2003 and released on July 28 , 2004 . New Jersey was the main setting and primary shooting location . Garden State received positive reviews upon its release and has garnered a cult following . It was an official selection of the Sundance Film Festival . The film also spawned a soundtrack for which Braff , who picked the music himself , won a Grammy Award .", "title": "" } ]	fever
11e3c44feed3459c3bd6dbb584fe8c6a	Pompeii had a concert hall.	[ { "docid": "a4b7fe43627087cfb213d0de6fa531a8", "text": "Pompeii Pompeii was an ancient Roman town-city near modern Naples , in the Campania region of Italy , in the territory of the comune of Pompei . Pompeii , along with Herculaneum and many villas in the suzrrounding area , was mostly destroyed and buried under 4 to of volcanic ash and pumice in the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD . Researchers believe that the town was founded in the seventh or sixth century BC by the Osci or Oscans . It came under the domination of Rome in the 4th century BC , and was conquered and became a Roman colony in 80 BC after it joined an unsuccessful rebellion against the Roman Republic . By the time of its destruction , 160 years later , its population was estimated at 11,000 people , and the city had a complex water system , an amphitheatre , gymnasium , and a port . The eruption destroyed the city , killing its inhabitants and burying it under tons of ash . Evidence for the destruction originally came from a surviving letter by Pliny the Younger , who saw the eruption from a distance and described the death of his uncle Pliny the Elder , an admiral of the Roman fleet , who tried to rescue citizens . The site was lost for about 1,500 years until its initial rediscovery in 1599 and broader rediscovery almost 150 years later by Spanish engineer Rocque Joaquin de Alcubierre in 1748 . The objects that lay beneath the city have been preserved for more than a millennium because of the long lack of air and moisture . These artifacts provide an extraordinarily detailed insight into the life of a city during the Pax Romana . During the excavation , plaster was used to fill in the voids in the ash layers that once held human bodies . This allowed archaeologists to see the exact position the person was in when he or she died . Pompeii has been a tourist destination for over 250 years . Today it has UNESCO World Heritage Site status and is one of the most popular tourist attractions in Italy , with approximately 2.5 million visitors every year .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "b7e9b16234680b33ed4b4c704228eb9d", "text": "Rehearsal A rehearsal is an activity in the performing arts that occurs as preparation for a performance in music , theatre , dance and related arts , such as opera , musical theatre and film production . It is undertaken as a form of practising , to ensure that all details of the subsequent performance are adequately prepared and coordinated . The term `` rehearsal '' typically refers to ensemble activities undertaken by a group of people . For example , when a musician is preparing a piano concerto alone in their music studio , this is called `` practicing '' , but when they begin to practice the concerto with an orchestra , this activity is called a `` rehearsal '' . The music rehearsal takes place in a music rehearsal space . A rehearsal may involve as few as two people , as with a small play for two actors , an art song performance by a singer and a pianist or a folk music duo of a singer and a guitar player . On the other end of the spectrum , a rehearsal can be held for a very large orchestra with over 100 performers and a choir . A rehearsal can involve only performers of one type , as in an a cappella choir show , in which a group of singers perform without instrumental accompaniment or a play involving only theatre actors ; it can involve performers of different instruments , as with an orchestra , rock band or jazz `` big band '' ; vocal and instrumental performers , as with opera and choral works accompanied by orchestra ; or a mix of actors , vocalists , instrumentalists and dancers , as with musical theatre . Rehearsals of small groups of performers , such as small rock bands , jazz quartets or organ trios may be held without a leader ; in these cases , the performers themselves jointly determine how to run the rehearsal , which songs to practice , and so on . Some small groups may have their rehearsals led by a bandleader . Almost all mid - to large group performances have a person who leads the rehearsals ; this person may be a bandleader in a rock , country or jazz setting ; a conductor in classical music ( including in opera ) ; a director in theatre or musical theatre ; or a film director for movie rehearsals . While the term is most commonly used in the performing arts to refer to preparation for a public presentation or show , the term is also used to refer to the preparation for other anticipated activities , such as wedding guests and couples practicing a wedding ceremony , paramedics practicing responding to a simulated emergency , or army troops practicing for an attack using a mock-up of the building they will be assaulting .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ae743983811b86f2a64ff508a5fe1c4", "text": "Helsinki Music Centre The Helsinki Music Centre ( Helsingin musiikkitalo , Musikhuset i Helsingfors ) is a concert hall and a music center in Töölönlahti , Helsinki . The building is home to Sibelius Academy and two symphony orchestras , the Finnish Radio Symphony Orchestra and the Helsinki Philharmonic Orchestra . The Music Centre is located on a prestigious site between Finlandia Hall and the museum of contemporary art Kiasma , and across the street from the Parliament of Finland . The vineyard-type main concert hall seats 1,704 people . The building contains five smaller rooms for 140 -- 400 listeners . These include a chamber music hall , a chamber opera hall , an organ hall , a ` black box ' room for electrically amplified music and a rehearsal hall . The smaller rooms are used regularly by the students of Sibelius Academy for their training and student concerts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "50c7f7f848e579dc6c03bade0120d247", "text": "Siege of Massilia -RCB- \| - \| \| -RCB- The Siege and naval Battle of Massilia was an episode of Caesar 's civil war , fought in 49 BC . Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus had become proconsul of Gaul and was sent to gain control of Massilia ( modern Marseille ) in order to oppose Caesar . As Caesar marched to Hispania ( en route to the Battle of Ilerda ) , the Massiliots closed their gates to him , having allied with Ahenobarbus and the Optimates . Roused by their hostile actions , he commenced a siege against Massilia , leaving the newly raised 17th , 18th , and 19th legions to conduct the siege . These were the same legions that would be wiped out at Teutoburg Forest 58 years later . He also placed Decimus Junius Brutus Albinus in charge of his fleet there . After the siege had begun , Ahenobarbus arrived in Massilia to defend it against the Caesarian forces . In late June , Caesar 's ships , although they were less skillfully built than those of the Massiliots and outnumbered , were victorious in the ensuing naval battle . Gaius Trebonius , Caesar 's legatus , conducted the siege using a variety of siege machines including siege towers , a siege-ramp , and a `` testudo-ram '' . Gaius Scribonius Curio , careless in adequately guarding the Sicilian Straits , allowed Lucius Nasidius to bring more ships to the aid of Ahenobarbus . He fought a second naval battle with Decimus Brutus in early September , but withdrew defeated and sailed for Hispania . Caesar built a stationary tower , 30 ft. square and six stories in height , under the very walls of the city and in face of a rain of missiles from its engines . The walls of the tower were of brickwork 5 ft. thick . When the lowest storey was built it was covered with a solid fireproof roof which was not secured to the walls but rested upon them like a lid . The eaves projected considerably , and from them screens were hung on all sides , covering all the walls . By means of screws the whole canopy , roof and screens , was now raised to the height of one storiey and the workmen proceeded to build the walls of that storiey under its protection . This process was repeated in the same manner until the full height of the tower was attained . The Massiliots valiantly defended against the siege machines and works . They threw down burning pitch and pine-shavings and the Caesarians undermined the foundations of their city walls . At one point they seemed likely to surrender and declare a truce , but at night they cunningly destroyed the siege works in a gross violation of the treaty , according to Caesar 's own account ( Bellum Civile 2.14 ; alternatively , Dio 41.25.2 records that the Massiliots destroyed these works in response to a surprise attack by the Caesarian forces ) . The city 's inhabitants were then near surrender . At the final surrender of Massilia , Caesar showed his usual leniency and Lucius Ahenobarbus escaped to Thessaly in the only vessel that was able to escape from the Populares . Afterwards , Massilia was allowed to keep nominal autonomy , due to ancient ties of friendship and support of Rome , along with some territories while most of its empire was confiscated by Julius Caesar .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bfb4cbfac46e0af0ecb9c1dd61176039", "text": "Roman temple Ancient Roman temples were among the most important buildings in Roman culture , and some of the richest buildings in Roman architecture , though only a few survive in any sort of complete state . Today they remain `` the most obvious symbol of Roman architecture '' . Their construction and maintenance was a major part of ancient Roman religion , and all towns of any importance had at least one main temple , as well as smaller shrines . The main room ( cella ) housed the cult image of the deity to whom the temple was dedicated , and often a small altar for incense or libations . Behind the cella was a room or rooms used by temple attendants for storage of equipment and offerings . The ordinary worshipper rarely entered the cella , and most public ceremonies were performed outside , on the portico , with a crowd gathered in the temple precinct . The most common architectural plan had a rectangular temple raised on a high podium , with a clear front with a portico at the top of steps , and a triangular pediment above columns . The sides and rear of the building had much less architectural emphasis , and typically no entrances . There were also circular plans , generally with columns all round , and outside Italy there were many compromises with traditional local styles . The Roman form of temple developed initially from Etruscan temples , themselves influenced by the Greeks , with subsequent heavy direct influence from Greece . Public religious ceremonies of the official Roman religion took place outdoors , and not within the temple building . Some ceremonies were processions that started at , visited , or ended with a temple or shrine , where a ritual object might be stored and brought out for use , or where an offering would be deposited . Sacrifices , chiefly of animals , would take place at an open-air altar within the templum . Especially under the Empire , exotic foreign cults gained followers in Rome , and were the local religions in large parts of the expanded Empire . These often had very different practices , some preferring underground places of worship , while others , like Early Christians , worshipped in houses . Some remains of many Roman temples survive , above all in Rome itself , but the relatively few near-complete examples were nearly all converted to Christian churches ( and sometimes subsequently to mosques ) , usually a considerable time after the initial triumph of Christianity under Constantine . The decline of Roman religion was relatively slow , and the temples themselves were not appropriated by the government until a decree of the Emperor Honorius in 415 . Santi Cosma e Damiano , in the Roman Forum , originally the Temple of Romulus , was not dedicated as a church until 527 . The best known is the Pantheon , Rome , which is however highly untypical , being a very large circular temple with a magnificent concrete roof , behind a conventional portico front .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8810ca3e60af83d358bb47fac92d0bcb", "text": "History of Roman and Byzantine domes The History of Roman and Byzantine domes traces the architecture of domes throughout the ancient Roman Empire and its medieval continuation , today called the Byzantine Empire . Domes were important architectural elements in both periods and had widespread influence on contemporary and later styles , from Russian and Ottoman architecture to the Italian Renaissance and modern revivals . The domes were customarily hemispherical , although octagonal and segmented shapes are also known , and they developed in form , use , and structure over the centuries . Early examples rested directly on the rotunda walls of round rooms and featured a central oculus for ventilation and light . Pendentives became common in the Byzantine period , provided support for domes over square spaces . Early wooden domes are known only from a literary source , but the use of wooden formwork , concrete , and unskilled labor enabled domes of monumental size in the late Republic and early Imperial period , such as the so-called `` Temple of Mercury '' bath hall at Baiae . Nero introduced the dome into Roman palace architecture in the 1st century and such rooms served as state banqueting halls , audience rooms , or throne rooms . The Pantheon 's dome , the largest and most famous example , was built of concrete in the 2nd century and may have served as an audience hall for Hadrian . Imperial mausolea , such as the Mausoleum of Diocletian , were domed beginning in the 3rd century . Some smaller domes were built with a technique of using ceramic tubes in place of a wooden centering for concrete , or as a permanent structure embedded in the concrete , but light brick became the preferred building material over the course of the 4th and 5th centuries . Brick ribs allowed for a thinner structure and facilitated the use of windows in the supporting walls , replacing the need for an oculus as a light source . Christian baptisteries and shrines were domed in the 4th century , such as the Lateran Baptistery and the likely wooden dome over the Church of the Holy Sepulchre . Constantine 's octagonal palace church in Antioch may have been the precedent for similar buildings for centuries afterward . The first domed basilica may have been built in the 5th century , with a church in southern Turkey being the earliest proposed example , but the 6th century architecture of Justinian made domed church architecture standard throughout the Roman east . His Hagia Sophia and Church of the Holy Apostles inspired copies in later centuries . Cruciform churches with domes at their crossings , such as the churches of Hagia Sophia in Thessaloniki and St. Nicholas at Myra , were typical of 7th and 8th century architecture and bracing a dome with barrel vaults on four sides became the standard structural system . Domes over windowed drums of cylindrical or polygonal shape were standard after the 9th century . In the empire 's later period , smaller churches were built with smaller domes , normally less than 6 m after the 10th century . Exceptions include the 11th century domed-octagons of Hosios Loukas and Nea Moni , and the 12th century Chora Church , among others . The cross-in-square plan , with a single dome at the crossing or five domes in a quincunx pattern , as at the Church of St. Panteleimon , was the most popular type from the 10th century until the fall of Constantinople in 1453 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a9efc987f2f2d2731ef523e0cdc400b9", "text": "Salle du Manège The indoor riding academy called the Salle du Manège ( -LSB- sal dy manɛʒ -RSB- ) was the seat of deliberations during most of the French Revolution , from 1789 to 1798 . Before the revolution , the Salle du Manège ( `` Riding Hall '' ) , situated along the north end of the Tuileries Gardens to the west of the Tuileries Palace in Paris , was home to the royal equestrian academy . Built during the minority of Louis XV , when it lay conveniently close to the Regent 's Palais Royal , it was allowed to pass afterwards from hand to hand as the site of privately conducted riding schools , though it was never formally sold . On 9 November 1789 the National Constituent Assembly , formerly the Estates-General of 1789 , moved its deliberations from Versailles to the Tuileries in pursuit of Louis XVI of France and installed itself in the Salle du Manège on the palace grounds . Having nationalised the goods of the Church , the Assemblée nationale , requiring more space than the Manège alone could provide , extended its occupation to two adjacent convents , those of the Capuchins , which soon housed the Revolutionary printing presses in its former refectory , and of the Feuillants , whose handsome library received the archives of the Assemblée . The proportions of the Salle du Manège , ten times as long as it was wide , offered poor acoustics for the debates that went on continually under its high vaults . Six tiers of banquettes permitted space for the deputies , ranged on either side of the central tribune , initially planned for the orators ' podium . Seated together for solidarity , the deputies seated themselves according to their political opinions , to right and to left of the president 's desk , The Mountain and the Girondins , with The Plain seated in the lowest rank of banquettes , from which they were wont to cross to the opposite side , as their opinions dictated . The public found places to witness the spectacle at either end of the hall and in the loge seats above . In 1792 the Salle du Manège became the venue for the National Convention . In 1795 under the French Directory , the Council of 500 sat in the structure until the body moved to the Palais-Bourbon in 1798 . In 1799 , the Jacobin Club du Manège had its headquarters there . It would seem that 19th century references to the art of `` manège , '' to describe a style of equestrian riding , derive from here . A March 1847 edition of The Illustrated London News described a performance of Pablo Fanque , the 19th century equestrian and circus performer thus : `` This extraordinary feat of the manège has proved very attractive , as we anticipated in our Journal of last week ; and we have judged the success worthy of graphic commemoration ... '' Further , the paper said , `` Mr. Pablo has trained his black mare to do the most extraordinary feats of the manege , an art hitherto considered to belong only to the French and German professors of equitation , and her style certainly far exceeds anything that has ever yet been brought from the Continent . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5ad58912dbc0b92941e871220f44d5f3", "text": "The Philharmonic Orchestra The Philharmonic Orchestra ( TPO ) is an amateur orchestra in Singapore , initiated as a project by Maestro Lim Yau in 1998 . The orchestra consists of adults who have a keen and serious interest to perform music . Formerly known as the Philharmonic Chamber Orchestra Society ( PCOS ) , the group became The Philharmonic Orchestra ( TPO ) to better reflect its intention to perform both symphonic and chamber works . The Philharmonic Orchestra seeks to breathe new life into musical works and explore a repertoire that is very much neglected by big orchestras like SSO . The orchestra held its first concert in May 1998 , performing Handel 's Fireworks Music , Prokofiev 's Classical Symphony and Mozart 's Symphony No. 41 `` Jupiter '' . For the 2007/2008 season , TPO has been engaged by Esplanade -- Theatres on the Bay to undertake a year-long performance of all Jean Sibelius ' Symphonies in a series of three concerts entitled Northern Exposure . The Philharmonic Orchestra is also known for its commanding standard as a pit orchestra . It has received good reviews for its work as a pit orchestra when engaged by the Singapore Dance Theatre and Singapore Lyric Opera . Since then , it has stopped collaborating with the Singapore Lyric Opera , and focuses more on presenting its own concerts , the latest of which included two Haydn symphonies . TPO currently does not rehearse at Old School anymore after management disputes between the two parties . In December 2001 and 2003 , the orchestra was engaged by the National Arts Council as the accompanying orchestra for the concerto section at the National Music Competition .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7a3345f50e1c4e955a5d53dd6f8ffdd2", "text": "List of concert halls A concert hall is a cultural building with a stage which serves as a performance venue and an auditorium filled with seats . While early halls built in the 18th and 19th century were designed for classical orchestra , concerto and opera concerts and ballet performances , halls built in the 20th and 21st century were often built to accommodate a wider range of performance types , including musicals . In the 2010s , popular music such as rock music and traditional music such as folk music are also performed in these venues . Many concert halls exist as one of several halls or performance spaces within a larger performing arts center . In many towns , the concert hall is combined with a convention center . Concert halls typically also contain orchestral rehearsal rooms . Many larger cities have both public and private concert halls . Particularly in smaller cities with fewer alternative venues , concert halls may also be used to accommodate other activities , from theatrical performances to academic presentations and university graduation ceremonies . This list does not include other venues such as sports stadia , dramatic theatres or convention centres which may occasionally be used for concerts . The list is organised alphabetically by geo-political region or continent and then by country within each region .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fbe3cad3e7e5843a2a9455a510c02192", "text": "Roman Theatre of Orange The Roman Theatre of Orange ( French : Théâtre antique d'Orange ) is a Roman theatre in Orange , Vaucluse , France . It was built early in the 1st century AD . The structure is owned by the municipality of Orange and is the home of the summer opera festival , the Chorégies d'Orange . It is one of the best preserved of all Roman theatres , and served the Roman colony of Arausio ( or , more specifically , Colonia Julia Firma Secundanorum Arausio : `` the Julian colony of Arausio established by the soldiers of the second legion '' ) which was founded in 40 BC . Playing a major role in the life of the citizens , who spent a large part of their free time there , the theatre was seen by the Roman authorities not only as a means of spreading Roman culture to the colonies , but also as a way of distracting them from all political activities . Mime , pantomime , poetry readings and the `` attelana '' ( a kind of farce rather like the commedia dell ` arte ) was the dominant form of entertainment , much of which lasted all day . For the common people , who were fond of spectacular effects , magnificent stage sets became very important , as was the use of stage machinery . The entertainment offered was open to all and free of charge . As the Western Roman Empire declined during the 4th century , by which time Christianity had become the official religion , the theatre was closed by official edict in AD 391 , since the Church opposed what it regarded as uncivilized spectacles . After that , the theatre was abandoned completely . It was probably pillaged by the Visigoths in 412 , and like most Roman buildings was certainly stripped of its better stone over the centuries for reuse . It was used as a defensive post in the Middle Ages . During the 16th-century religious wars , it became a refuge for the townspeople .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8c510480ee8141698f6a198f2441fc15", "text": "Pompeiopolis Pompeiopolis was a Roman city in ancient Paphlagonia , located near Taşköprü , Kastamonu Province in the Black Sea Region of Turkey . The exact location is 45 km north of Kastamonu and a short distance across the river from modern Taşköprü , in the valley of the Gökırmak ( Roman name Amnias , or Amneus ) . The borders of Pompeiopolis reach the Küre mountains to the north , Ilgaz mountains to the south , Halys river to the east and Pınarbaşı valley to the west . The city 's remains today consist of an acropolis , some rock-cut tombs , tumuli , a bridge and remains of houses with mosaic tile floors . It is believed that many more artifacts and remains can be uncovered if further archaeological excavation can be conducted at the Zımbıllı hills within the city boundaries . Pompeiopolis was established together with Neoclaudiopolis as one of a number of cities founded by the Roman general and politician Pompey ( Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus ) and integrated into the new Roman double province of Bithynia-Pontus in the year 64 BC . It was later assigned by Mark Antony to the vassal princes of Paphlagonia , and in 6 BC , after the death of Deiotaros Philadelphos , the last king , Paphlagonia was re-integrated into the Roman Empire and placed under the governor of the province of Galatia . While the city flourished and grew during this period , it was the metropolis of Paphlagonia from the reign of Antoninus Pius until that of Gallienus , having a civic mint in the same period , as well . The city was called Sebaste for a short period of time during the patronship of Gnaeus Claudius Severus , Marcus Aurelius ' son-in-law . Rare coins surviving from that era bear the inscriptions `` Sebaste Metropolis of Paphlagonia '' . w Being a bishopric since the early 4th century at latest , Pompeiopolis received the title of autocephalus archdiocese at some time during the reign of Justinian I. Within the church province of Paphlagonia , Pompeiopolis always ranked immediately after Gangra , and above the other bishoprics . It is currently believed that Pompeiopolis was deserted in the early 8th century AD after the attacks of the Arabs Muslim conquests and as a result of the defensive military reorganizations of the Byzantine emperors of the 8th century . This region was conquered by the invading Turks in the late 11th century . In the 10th/11th century , Pompeiopolis became a metropolitan see until the 14th century , when this diocese was suppressed . Among the fourteen known titular holders of the Christian diocese are Philadelphus at the First Council of Nicaea , Severus of Constantinople and Theodore of Constantinople . This ancient city and its remains will be preserved and exhibited in a Museum of Archaeology that is planned to be built in Taşköprü by the Turkish Ministry of Culture . The first exploratory diggings in the area were conducted in 1910 ; they revealed some columns and mosaic tile panels . But , soon after , a devastating fire that broke out in 1927 in the nearby residential area greatly harmed the ruins . Many of the artifacts that were revealed in the course of those excavations are currently being exhibited in the Museum of Archaeology of Kastamonu . Since 2006 the university of Munich ( Germany ) is conducting excavations on the archaeological site under the direction of professor Lâtife Summerer . This Pompeiopolis in Paphlagonia must not be confused with the Soloi or Pompeiopolis in Cilicia , also established by Pompey . The bishopric of Pompeiopolis in Paphlagonia is included in the Catholic Church 's list of titular sees .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f946eccad4038e69d30dfc6af55f9602", "text": "Odeon of Agrippa The Odeon of Agrippa was a large concert hall located in the centre of the Ancient Agora of Athens . It was built about 15 BCE , occupying what had previously been open space in the centre of the agora . It was a gift to the people of Athens by Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa , a Roman statesman and general . The two-storey auditorium seated around 1,000 spectators and was equipped with a raised stage and marble-paved orchestra . On three sides it was surrounded by a subterranean cryptoporticus with stoae above . The building was decorated externally with Corinthian pilasters . The main entrance for spectators was originally on the south side of the building , with access from the terrace of the Middle Stoa . The north facade only had a small portico to give access to the stage . Unfortunately the 25 m of the auditorium eventually caused the roof to collapse in around 150 CE . The Odeon was rebuilt as a smaller lecture hall , seating only 500 and a more elaborate facade was added to the north side . Its massive pillars were carved in the form of ` giants ' ( snake tails ) and ` tritons ' ( fish tails ) . The Odeon was finally destroyed in 267 CE by the Herulians . A sprawling palace was built on the site in the early 5th century CE with the pillars of the northern facade being used to create a monumental entrance .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "46d2060784f4053abf5a75d974c2462b", "text": "Messe Erfurt The Messe Erfurt is a convention center including an indoor arena , in Erfurt , Germany . Its seating capacity is roughly 12,000 people . The arena has hosted concerts by many famous artists , spanning many different genres .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "921674d4f5739637bd4a84666b850d7a", "text": "Baths of Decius The Baths of Decius ( Latin : thermae Decianae ) were a thermae ( baths ) complex built on the Aventine Hill by the emperor Decius in 249 or 252 . Its site was between the present-day sites of the churches of Santo Alessio and Santa Prisca , on the Vigna Torlonia , under piazza del Tempio di Diana ( named after the Temple of Diana ) and the Casale Torlonia , which includes remains from the baths . Some other ruins of the baths also survive . Earlier buildings on the site have also left remains , which can be seen in the basement of the Casale Torlonia and under the piazza del Tempio di Diana . These buildings show something like opus quasi reticulatum , with traces of a decorative scheme of painted stucco imitating marble in the Pompeian First Style , the oldest evidence of this style in Rome , dating to the last quarter of the 2nd century BC . Another building on the site is lavishly decorated with mosaics and wall-paintings showing masks , flowers and landscapes . It dates to the Trajanic period and may have been the Privata Traiani , Trajan 's private residence before he became emperor , which is known to have been in the area , or one of Decius ' own residences . The main source for the appearance of the Baths of Decius is a plan made by Andrea Palladio , now in the Duke of Devonshire 's collection . The complex was 70 by 35 metres , including an apse belonging to an aula #English at the southern corner . They were built to serve the wealthy and sophisticated inhabitants of the Aventine , unlike the nearby Baths of Caracalla , which were larger but intended for mass use by the inhabitants of Regio XII . They were decorated with artworks , including an infant Hercules in green basalt and a sleeping Endymion , both now in the Capitoline Museums . The complex is mentioned in several inscriptions which not only confirm its location but also give certain details on its history , such as its two restorations , once by Constantius I or Constantius II and a second one in 414 under Honorius by Caecina Decius Aginatius Albinus following damage in Alaric 's Sack of Rome .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "288a80e68579ccf19e634ec7eab975aa", "text": "Il teatro alla moda Il teatro alla moda ( The Fashionable Theater ) is a satirical pamphlet in which its author , the Venetian composer Benedetto Marcello ( 1686 -- 1739 ) , vents his critical opinions on the milieu of the Italian opera seria in the first decades of the eighteenth century . It was first published anonymously in Venice , by the end of 1720 . Virtually every aspect of opera seria and its social environment is mercilessly criticized by Marcello : the artificiality of plots , the stereotyped format of music , the extravagant scenography and machinery , the inability and venality of composers and poets , the vanity and vulgarity of singers , the avidity of impresarios , the ineptitude of musicians . The full title reads `` THE FASHIONABLE THEATER -- OR -- safe and easy METHOD for correctly composing and performing Italian OPERAS in the modern style , -- In which -- useful and necessary Advice is given to Librettists , Composers , Musicians of both sexes , Impresarios , Performers , Engineers , and Scene Painters , comic Characters , Tailors , Pages , Dancers , Prompters , Copyists , Protectors , and MOTHERS of female Virtuoso singers , & other People belonging to Theater . '' In fact , Il teatro alla moda is written as a series of chapters where advice is ironically given to the various people involved in operatic productions , in order to meet `` the modern customs '' and bizarre requirements of such theatrical events . Besides the title , the frontispiece contains several allusions to well-known protagonists of the Venetian theater of the time . For instance , the publisher 's name `` Aldiviva Licante '' refers , by means of anagrams , both to Antonio Vivaldi , then very famous as an opera composer , and to the singer Caterina Canteli . The text of Il teatro alla moda displays several striking features . To begin with , it shows a degree of vacillation in attitude toward its subject -- perhaps resulting from Marcello 's personal ambivalence regarding operatic music , as both a critic and a composer . For example , the dedicatory is by `` the author of the book to its composer . '' In addition , it exhibits a number of surrealistic elements , which reach a climax in the last chapter , `` The Raffle '' ( presumably organized by the mother of a young female singer ) , where the prizes include `` a full dress of modern poet in fever-colored tree bark , wrapped with metaphors , translations , hyperboles '' as well as `` the pen that wrote Il teatro alla moda . '' The printing accompanies these peculiarities with a chaotic use of italic and normal typography and of capital fonts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1a11a1828654b0c005bf1720e6ef2451", "text": "Concertato Concertato is a term in early Baroque music referring to either a genre or a style of music in which groups of instruments or voices share a melody , usually in alternation , and almost always over a basso continuo . The term derives from Italian concerto which means `` playing together '' -- hence concertato means `` in the style of a concerto . '' In contemporary usage , the term is almost always used as an adjective , for example `` three pieces from the set are in concertato style . '' A somewhat oversimplified , but useful distinction between concertato and concerto can be made : the concertato style involves contrast between opposing groups of voices and groups of instruments : the concerto style , especially as it developed into the concerto grosso later in the Baroque , involves contrast between large and small groups of similar composition ( later called `` ripieno '' and `` concertino '' ) . The style developed in Venice in the late 16th century , mainly through the work of Andrea and Giovanni Gabrieli , who were working in the unique acoustical space of St. Mark 's Cathedral . Different choirs or instrumental groupings occupied positions across the cathedral from each other : because of the sound delay from one side to the other in the large and acoustically `` live '' space , a perfect unison was difficult , and composers found that a fantastically effective music could be composed with the choirs singing across to each other , in stereo as it were ; all accompanied by organ or other groups of instruments placed in such a way that they could hear each group equally well . Music written there was quickly performed elsewhere , and compositions in the new `` concertato '' style quickly became popular elsewhere in Europe ( first in northern Italy , then in Germany and the rest of Italy , and then gradually in other parts of the continent ) . Another term sometimes used for this antiphonal use of the choirs in St. Mark 's was cori spezzati . See also Venetian polychoral style and Venetian School . In the early 17th century , almost all music with voices and basso continuo was called a concerto , though this use of the term is considerably different from the more modern meaning ( a solo instrument or instruments accompanied by an orchestra ) . Often , sacred music in the concertato style in the early 17th century was descended from the motet : the texts that a hundred years earlier would have been set for a cappella voices singing in smooth polyphony , would now be set for voices and instruments in a concertato style . These pieces , no longer always called motets , were given a variety of names including concerto , Psalm ( if a psalm setting ) , sinfonia , or symphoniae ( for example in Heinrich Schütz 's collections of Symphoniae Sacrae ) . The concertato style made possible the composition of extremely dramatic music , one of the characteristic innovations of the early Baroque .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "53b8337e0e912dd00ce1e18a84290d1f", "text": "Festival Hall Festival Hall may refer to : Brisbane Festival Hall , an indoor arena , located in Brisbane , Queensland , Australia Festival Hall ( Melbourne ) , a multi-use hall in Melbourne , Victoria , Australia Festival Hall , Osaka , a concert hall , in Kita-ku , Osaka , Japan . The Hall seats 2,709 patrons and is home to the Osaka Philharmonic Orchestra Royal Festival Hall , London Festival Hall at the 1904 St. Louis World 's Fair A horse , the 1998 winner of the Beresford Stakes Category : Architectural disambiguation pages", "title": "" }, { "docid": "00b7452052d841b4529850d1ffbeb848", "text": "Tepidarium The tepidarium was the warm ( tepidus ) bathroom of the Roman baths heated by a hypocaust or underfloor heating system.The specialty of a tepidarium is the pleasant feeling of constant radiant heat which directly affects the human body from the walls and floor . There is an interesting example at Pompeii ; this was covered with a semicircular barrel vault , decorated with reliefs in stucco , and round the room a series of square recesses or niches divided from one another by Telamones . The tepidarium in the Roman thermae was the great central hall round which all the other halls were grouped , and which gave the key to the plans of the thermae . It was probably the hall where the bathers first assembled prior to passing through the various hot baths ( Caldaria ) or taking the cold bath ( Frigidarium ) . The tepidarium was decorated with the richest marbles and mosaics : it received its light through clerestory windows , on the sides , the front and the rear , and would seem to have been the hall in which the finest treasures of art were placed ; thus in the thermae of Caracalla , the Farnese Hercules , and the Toro Farnese , the two gladiators , the sarcophagi of green basalt now in the Vatican , and numerous other treasures , were found during the excavations by Paul III in 1546 , and transported to the Vatican and the museum at Naples .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e1a7a9f91ae5bc525c157a80bdc00a63", "text": "Palais des Papes The Palais des Papes ( English : Papal palace , lo Palais dei Papas in Occitan ) is a historical palace in Avignon , southern France , one of the largest and most important medieval Gothic buildings in Europe . Once a fortress and palace , the papal residence was the seat of Western Christianity during the 14th century . Six papal conclaves were held in the Palais , leading to the elections of Benedict XII in 1334 , Clement VI in 1342 , Innocent VI in 1352 , Urban V in 1362 , Gregory XI in 1370 and Antipope Benedict XIII in 1394 . The Palais is actually two joined buildings : the old palais of Benedict XII , which sits on the impregnable rock of Doms , and the new palais of Clement VI , the most extravagant of the Avignon popes . Together they form the largest Gothic building of the Middle Ages , it is also one of the best examples of the International Gothic architectural style . The construction design was the work of two of France 's best architects , Pierre Peysson and Jean du Louvres and the lavish ornamentation was the work of two of the best students of the School of Siena ( Italy ) , Simone Martini and Matteo Giovanetti . In addition , the papal library housed in the Palais ( the largest in Europe at the time with over 2,000 volumes ) , attracted a group of clerics passionate in the study of `` belle-lettres '' , amongst them the founder of Humanism , Petrarch . At the same time , composers , singers and musicians were drawn to the Great Chapel of the Palais . It was there that Clement VI appreciated the Mass of Notre-Dame of Guillaume de Machaut , there that Philippe de Vitry at the pope 's invitation presented his Ars Nova and there that Johannes Ciconia came to study . Due to its immense size , the Palais was also the place where the general organisation of the Church began to change . It facilitated the centralisation of services and the adaption of operations in order to suit the needs of the papacy , creating a truly central administration for the Church . The manpower of the Curia ( Church administration ) , while 200 at the end of the 13th century , surpassed 300 at the beginning of the 14th century and reached 500 people in 1316 . To this were added over 1,000 lay officials working within the Palais . Despite this , the Palais became obsolete when the papacy found it necessary to return to Rome . The hope of reuniting Latin and Orthodox Christians , along with the achievement of peace in the Papal States in Italy , made the case of returning stronger . Added to that was the strong conviction of both Urban V and Gregory XI that the seat of the papacy could only be the tomb of St Peter . Despite strong opposition from the Court of France and the College of Cardinals , both popes found the means to return to Rome , the first , on 30 April 1362 , the second on 13 September 1370 . This time , the return was absolute . In the following centuries , the Palais lost all of its former glory , despite it serving as the seat of two anti-popes and many cardinals . It retained , however , a `` work of destruction '' aspect that French poets and writers such as Charles Forbes René de Montalembert have referred to over the centuries , with its powerful sense of beauty , simplicity , grandeur and immortality . Since 1995 , the Palais des Papes has been classified , along with the historic center of Avignon , as a UNESCO World Heritage Site , under cultural criteria i , ii and iv .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0b12115cf1545a7df169a37946efb613", "text": "The Last Days of Pompeii (disambiguation) The Last Days of Pompeii is a novel by Edward Bulwer-Lytton . The Last Days of Pompeii may also refer to : The Last Days of Pompeii ( 1908 film ) , an Italian film by Arturo Ambrosio The Last Days of Pompeii ( 1913 film ) , an Italian silent film by Caserini and Rodolfi Jone , or the Last Days of Pompeii ( 1913 film ) , an Italian silent film by Del Colle and Vidali The Last Days of Pompeii ( 1926 film ) , an Italian silent film by Carmine Gallone and Amleto Palermi The Last Days of Pompeii ( 1935 film ) , a film starring Preston Foster , David Holt , and Basil Rathbone The Last Days of Pompeii ( 1950 film ) , a French-Italian film by Marcel L'Herbier and Paolo Moffa The Last Days of Pompeii ( 1959 film ) ( Gli ultimi giorni di Pompei ) , an Italian film by Sergio Leone , credited to Mario Bonnard The Last Days of Pompeii ( TV miniseries ) , a 1984 U.S. miniseries `` The Last Days of Pompeii '' ( Album by Grant Hart and Nova Mob )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a129b58a4ff866692429b8d86cf18663", "text": "Siphnian Treasury The Siphnian Treasury was a building at the Ancient Greek cult centre of Delphi , erected to host the offerings of the polis , or city-state , of Siphnos . It was one of a number of treasuries lining the `` Sacred Way '' , the processional route through the Sanctuary of Apollo , erected to win the favor of the gods and increase the prestige of the donor polis . It was one of the earlier surviving buildings of this type , and its date remains a matter for debate , with the most plausible date being around 525 BC . Until recently it was often confused or conflated with the neighbouring Cnidian Treasury , a similar but less elaborate building , as the remains of the two had become mixed together and earlier theoretical reconstructions used parts of both . The people of Siphnos had gained enormous wealth from their silver and gold mines in the Archaic period ( Herodotus III .57 ) and used the tithe of their income to erect the treasury , the first religious structure made entirely out of marble . The building was used to house many lavish votive offerings given to the priests to be offered to Apollo . The Treasury fell to ruins over the centuries , although it stood for much longer than many other monuments , probably due to its decoration which was venerated by the following generations . Currently , the sculpture and a reconstruction of the Treasury are to be seen in the Delphi Archaeological Museum .", "title": "" } ]	fever
2a0f2f78bd8d550233f7a19506d2b111	Inside Man stars an actor.	[ { "docid": "d671a2bb94c024802f7f87168e520c87", "text": "Denzel Washington Denzel Hayes Washington Jr. ( born December 28 , 1954 ) is an American actor , director , and producer . He has received three Golden Globe awards , a Tony Award , and two Academy Awards : Best Supporting Actor for the historical war drama film Glory ( 1989 ) and Best Actor for his role as a corrupt cop in the crime thriller Training Day ( 2001 ) . Washington has received much critical acclaim for his film work since the 1980s , including his portrayals of real-life figures such as South African anti-apartheid activist Steve Biko in Cry Freedom ( 1987 ) , Muslim minister and human rights activist Malcolm X in Malcolm X ( 1992 ) , boxer Rubin `` Hurricane '' Carter in The Hurricane ( 1999 ) , football coach Herman Boone in Remember the Titans ( 2000 ) , poet and educator Melvin B. Tolson in The Great Debaters ( 2007 ) , and drug kingpin Frank Lucas in American Gangster ( 2007 ) . He has been a featured actor in the films produced by Jerry Bruckheimer and has been a frequent collaborator of directors Spike Lee , Antoine Fuqua and Tony Scott . In 2016 , Washington was selected as the recipient for the Cecil B. DeMille Lifetime Achievement Award at the 73rd Golden Globe Awards . In 2002 , Washington made his directorial debut with biographical film Antwone Fisher . His second directorial effort was The Great Debaters , released in 2007 . Washington 's third directorial effort , Fences , starring himself and Viola Davis , was released on December 16 , 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee04ad915124e765b6051bd49d004bb3", "text": "Inside Man Inside Man is a 2006 American crime thriller film directed by Spike Lee , written by Russell Gewirtz . The film centers on an elaborate bank heist on Wall Street over a 24-hour period . It stars Denzel Washington as Detective Keith Frazier , the NYPD 's hostage negotiator ; Clive Owen as Dalton Russell , the mastermind who orchestrates the heist ; and Jodie Foster as Madeleine White , a Manhattan power broker who becomes involved at the request of the bank 's founder , Arthur Case ( Christopher Plummer ) , to keep something in his own personal safe deposit box protected from the robbers . Inside Man marks the fourth film collaboration between Washington and Lee . Gewirtz spent five years developing the film 's premise before working on what became his first original screenplay . After he completed the script in 2002 , Imagine Entertainment purchased it to be made by Universal Studios , with Imagine co-founder Ron Howard attached to direct . After Howard stepped down , his Imagine partner Brian Grazer began looking for a new director to helm the project , and ultimately hired Lee to do so . Principal photography began in June 2005 and concluded in August of that year ; filming took place on location in New York City . Inside Man premiered in New York on March 20 , 2006 before being released in North America on March 24 , 2006 . Upon release , the film received a generally positive critical response and was a commercial success , grossing over $ 184 million worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "730fd11fef74e5909c68f6dbdbd9ab80", "text": "Clive Owen Clive Owen ( born 3 October 1964 ) is an English actor who first gained recognition in the United Kingdom for playing the lead role in the ITV series Chancer from 1990 to 1991 . He then received critical acclaim for his work in the film Close My Eyes ( 1991 ) before earning international attention for his performance as a struggling writer in Croupier ( 1998 ) . In 2005 , he won a Golden Globe and a BAFTA Award and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in the drama Closer ( 2004 ) . Owen has since played leading roles in films such as Sin City ( 2005 ) , Derailed ( 2005 ) , Inside Man ( 2006 ) , Children of Men ( 2006 ) , and The International ( 2009 ) . In 2012 , he earned his first Primetime Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Miniseries or a Movie for his role in Hemingway & Gellhorn . He also played Dr. John W. Thackery on the Cinemax medical drama series The Knick , for which he received a Golden Globe Award nomination .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "6b5dff9513bf01faf58e4cffc28d57ad", "text": "Bill Raymond William Joseph `` Bill '' Raymond ( born September 9 , 1938 ) is an American actor who has appeared in film , television and theatre since the 1960s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a15232d320a80e5728993796ce69f23c", "text": "Colin Hanks Colin Hanks ( born Colin Lewes Dillingham ; November 24 , 1977 ) is an American actor and filmmaker . He is known for starring as characters in films such as Shaun Brumder in Orange County , Preston in King Kong , Oliver in The House Bunny , and Troy Gable in The Great Buck Howard . His television roles include Alex Whitman in Roswell , Henry Jones in Band of Brothers , Travis Marshall in Dexter , officer Gus Grimly in Fargo , Jack Bailey in The Good Guys , and Greg Short in Life in Pieces . He is the eldest son of actor Tom Hanks . In the Talking Tom and Friends animated series , he voices Talking Tom .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "49b446113f608bc96e0a5558fddfbc8f", "text": "Scott Elrod Scott Michael Elrod ( born February 10 , 1975 ) is an American actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f5067aaab83726ee338b3c669acd0431", "text": "Anthony Mackie Anthony Dwane Mackie ( born September 23 , 1978 ) is an American actor . He has been featured in feature films , television series , and Broadway and Off-Broadway plays , including Ma Rainey 's Black Bottom , Drowning Crow , McReele , A Soldier 's Play , and Carl Hancock Rux 's Talk , for which he won an Obie Award in 2002 . In 2002 , he was featured in Eminem 's debut film , 8 Mile . He was nominated for Independent Spirit Award for Best Actor for his role in Brother to Brother . His second nomination was for Best Supporting Actor at the 2009 Independent Spirit Awards for his role in The Hurt Locker . In 2014 , he joined the Marvel Cinematic Universe as Sam Wilson / Falcon , making his first appearance in Captain America : The Winter Soldier , and reprising the role in Avengers : Age of Ultron , Ant-Man , and Captain America : Civil War . In May 2016 , he co-starred in the HBO TV film All the Way as Martin Luther King Jr. , opposite Bryan Cranston , who was reprising his Tony Award-winning performance as President Lyndon B. Johnson in the play of the same name .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc25a3ef841e1cf8c02b8475956345de", "text": "James R. Black James Richard Black ( born April 3 , 1962 ) is an American actor and former professional football player .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dcf7946bf968bbfc9b7c149551bad727", "text": "The Power Inside The Power Inside is a 2013 social film developed by Intel and Toshiba . It is Intel and Toshiba 's third social film after The Beauty Inside ( 2012 ) and Inside ( 2011 ) . Directed by Josh Gordon & Will Speck and starring Harvey Keitel , Analeigh Tipton , and Craig Roberts , the film is broken up into six filmed episodes interspersed with interactive storytelling that all takes place on the main character 's Facebook timeline . It 's Hollywood 's first social film that gives the audience the chance to help determine the fate of the world .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "024a1a63e9ac465e054131ee388f2f49", "text": "Chandler Canterbury Chandler Canterbury ( born December 15 , 1998 ) is an American actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f1a6718025ad55ffc029fb444a7c55b4", "text": "Steve Guttenberg Steven Robert `` Steve '' Guttenberg ( born August 24 , 1958 ) is an American actor , author , businessman , producer , and director . He starred in 1984 's Police Academy , and went on to perform in lead roles in Hollywood films of the 1980s , including Cocoon , Three Men and a Baby , and Short Circuit .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93c4f3d9c3d67d067517bd71dbf9172b", "text": "Peter Greene Peter Greene ( born Peter Green ; October 8 , 1965 ) is an American character actor , generally known for playing villains .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "45f30ee68ec15c6b70f83103f4839676", "text": "Wes Brown (actor) James Wesley `` Wes '' Brown ( born January 26 , 1982 ) is an American actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4debceab3c80314b473057b47fa295f7", "text": "Christopher Plummer Arthur Christopher Orme Plummer ( born December 13 , 1929 ) is a Canadian theatre , film and television actor . After making his film debut in Stage Struck ( 1958 ) , Plummer went on to a successful film career , now spanning more than five decades . Some of his most notable film performances include : The Sound of Music ( 1965 ) , Battle of Britain ( 1969 ) , Waterloo ( 1970 ) , The Return of the Pink Panther ( 1975 ) , Murder by Decree ( 1979 ) , Dragnet ( 1987 ) , Star Trek VI : The Undiscovered Country ( 1991 ) , A Beautiful Mind ( 2001 ) , Nicholas Nickleby ( 2002 ) , National Treasure ( 2004 ) , The New World ( 2005 ) , Inside Man ( 2006 ) , Up ( 2009 ) , The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus ( 2009 ) , and The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo ( 2011 ) . In a career which includes substantial roles in each of the dramatic arts , Plummer is best known to film audiences as the aristocratic widower , Captain Georg von Trapp , in the musical film The Sound of Music ( 1965 ) , alongside Julie Andrews . Plummer has ventured into various television projects , including the miniseries The Thorn Birds ( 1983 ) . Plummer has notably portrayed several historical figures , including Arthur Wellesley , First Duke of Wellington in Waterloo ( 1970 ) , Rudyard Kipling in The Man Who Would Be King ( 1975 ) , Mike Wallace in The Insider ( 1999 ) , and Leo Tolstoy in The Last Station ( 2009 ) . Plummer has won numerous awards and accolades for his work , including an Academy Award , two Emmy Awards , two Tony Awards , a Golden Globe Award , a SAG Award , and a BAFTA Award . With his win at age 82 in 2012 for Beginners , Plummer is the oldest actor ever to win an Academy Award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c2c48093d0327e75f904e5d4750d5e7b", "text": "Charlie Tahan Charles `` Charlie '' Tahan ( born June 11 , 1998 ) is an American actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b0a46e46313041d9ad968f6b52398f0e", "text": "Lukas Haas Lukas Daniel Haas ( born April 16 , 1976 ) is an American actor and musician . His acting career has spanned three decades , during which he has appeared in more than 50 feature films and a number of television shows and stage productions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d27073b4433bb5f0e3d208f95495d263", "text": "Sam Rockwell Samuel Rockwell ( born November 5 , 1968 ) is an American actor known for independent and mainstream films . He is known for his leading roles in Lawn Dogs ( 1997 ) , Confessions of a Dangerous Mind ( 2002 ) , Matchstick Men ( 2003 ) , The Hitchhiker 's Guide to the Galaxy ( 2005 ) , Choke ( 2008 ) , Moon ( 2009 ) , Seven Psychopaths ( 2012 ) , and Mr. Right ( 2015 ) , as well as for his supporting roles in The Green Mile ( 1999 ) , Galaxy Quest ( 1999 ) , The Assassination of Jesse James ( 2007 ) , Frost/Nixon ( 2008 ) , Conviction ( 2010 ) , Iron Man 2 ( 2010 ) , Cowboys & Aliens ( 2011 ) , The Way , Way Back ( 2013 ) , and Poltergeist ( 2015 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6a741eea221c291f52f16b533ad0b05b", "text": "Filippo Nigro Filippo Nigro ( born 3 December 1970 ) is an Italian actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5cb8f10e8ad39a9bfa6cc1ccda2fe2f9", "text": "James Morrison (actor) James Paige Morrison ( born April 21 , 1954 ) is an American actor best known for his portrayal of CTU Director Bill Buchanan on 24 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "08457daae1a4893dbe3cf42bcaad6c69", "text": "Seymour Cassel Seymour Joseph Cassel ( born January 22 , 1935 ) is an American actor . Cassel first came to prominence in the 1960s in the pioneering independent films of writer/director John Cassavetes . The first of these was Too Late Blues ( 1961 ) , followed by Faces ( 1968 ) , for which he was nominated for an Academy Award and won a National Society of Film Critics Award . Cassel went on to appear in Cassavetes ' Minnie and Moskowitz ( 1971 ) , The Killing of a Chinese Bookie ( 1976 ) , Opening Night ( 1977 ) and Love Streams ( 1984 ) . He has further appeared in a number of independent and Hollywood film productions . Notable titles include Coogan 's Bluff ( 1968 ) , The Last Tycoon ( 1976 ) , Valentino ( 1977 ) , Johnny Be Good ( 1988 ) , Mobsters ( 1991 ) , In the Soup ( 1992 ) , Honeymoon in Vegas ( 1992 ) , Indecent Proposal ( 1993 ) , Beer League ( 2006 ) and Fort McCoy ( 2011 ) . Like Cassavetes , Wes Anderson has frequently cast Cassel , first in Rushmore ( 1998 ) and then in The Royal Tenenbaums ( 2001 ) and The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou ( 2004 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "75be56ab42a2346aba89d0951da9bfd4", "text": "Adam G. Simon Adam Gregory Simon ( born March 13 , 1977 ) is an American actor and writer . He started his professional career as an actor in theatre with roles in the early 2000s and then made his television and film debut . Simon is the writer of Man Down , a post-apocalyptic thriller directed by Dito Montiel which stars Shia LaBeouf , Kate Mara , Gary Oldman , Jai Courtney and Clifton Collins , Jr. . . Simon is also the writer of Synapse , a film where he also makes his theatrical acting debut . Directed by veteran music video director Kenlon Clark . Synapse stars Sophina Brown , Henry Simmons , Joshua Alba and Simon himself . Synapse is the first theatrical content produced by Los Angeles Center Studios and Hollywood Locations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ec9713dfa60146ed45fc073caf0a7339", "text": "Michael Simkins Michael Simkins ( born 4 February 1957 ) is an English actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab60ac87828450612aceed371cae7356", "text": "Tom Wright (actor) Tom Wright ( born Harold Thomas Wright ; November 29 , 1952 ) is an American television and theatre actor .", "title": "" } ]	fever
2dd85025c992e6744f2b80bf8cccbec8	Iceland is not a country.	[ { "docid": "b5b805f3649cea24fd289cc09f5339d0", "text": "Iceland Iceland ( -LSB- ˈaɪslənd -RSB- -LSB- ˈistlant -RSB- ) is a Nordic island country in the North Atlantic Ocean . It has a population of and an area of 103000 km2 , making it the most sparsely populated country in Europe . The capital and largest city is Reykjavík . Reykjavík and the surrounding areas in the southwest of the country are home to over two-thirds of the population . Iceland is volcanically and geologically active . The interior consists of a plateau characterised by sand and lava fields , mountains and glaciers , while many glacial rivers flow to the sea through the lowlands . Iceland is warmed by the Gulf Stream and has a temperate climate , despite a high latitude just outside the Arctic Circle . Its high latitude and marine influence still keeps summers chilly , with most of the archipelago having a tundra climate . According to the ancient manuscript Landnámabók , the settlement of Iceland began in the year 874 AD when the Norwegian chieftain Ingólfr Arnarson became the first permanent settler on the island . In the following centuries , Norwegians , and to a lesser extent other Scandinavians , emigrated to Iceland , bringing with them thralls of Gaelic origin . The island was governed as an independent commonwealth under the Althing , one of the world 's oldest functioning legislative assemblies . Following a period of civil strife , Iceland acceded to Norwegian rule in the 13th century . The establishment of the Kalmar Union in 1397 united the kingdoms of Norway , Denmark and Sweden . Iceland thus followed Norway 's integration to that Union and came under Danish rule after Sweden 's secession from that union in 1523 . Although the Danish kingdom introduced Lutheranism forcefully in 1550 , Iceland remained a distant semi-colonial territory in which Danish institutions and infrastructures were conspicuous by their absence . In the wake of the French revolution and the Napoleonic wars , Iceland 's struggle for independence took form and culminated in independence in 1918 and the founding of a republic in 1944 . Until the 20th century , Iceland relied largely on subsistence fishing and agriculture , and was among the poorest in Europe . Industrialisation of the fisheries and Marshall Plan aid following World War II brought prosperity , and Iceland became one of the wealthiest and most developed nations in the world . In 1994 , it became a part of the European Economic Area , which further diversified the economy into sectors such as finance , biotechnology , and manufacturing . Iceland has a market economy with relatively low taxes compared to other OECD countries . It maintains a Nordic social welfare system that provides universal health care and tertiary education for its citizens . Iceland ranks high in economic , political and social stability and equality . In 2013 , it was ranked as the 13th most-developed country in the world by the United Nations ' Human Development Index . Iceland runs almost completely on renewable energy . Affected by the ongoing worldwide financial crisis , the nation 's entire banking system systemically failed in October 2008 , leading to a severe depression , substantial political unrest , the Icesave dispute , and the institution of capital controls . Some bankers were jailed . Since then , the economy has made a significant recovery , in large part due to a surge in tourism . Icelandic culture is founded upon the nation 's Scandinavian heritage . Most Icelanders are descendants of Germanic and Gaelic settlers . Icelandic , a North Germanic language , is descended from Old Norse and is closely related to Faroese and West Norwegian dialects . The country 's cultural heritage includes traditional Icelandic cuisine , Icelandic literature and medieval sagas . Iceland has the smallest population of any NATO member and is the only one with no standing army , its lightly armed coast guard being in charge of defence .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "0905c242efdfbc197f7edddaafe75261", "text": "List of people by number of countries visited This is a list of people by number of countries and territories visited . There are a number of people claiming to have visited every country in the world , though there is great debate as to how many countries there are in the world . The most commonly agreed base number is the number of United Nations member states , of which there are 193 . According to the United Nations , `` The recognition of a new State or Government is an act that only other States and Governments may grant or withhold . '' As a result , the membership of some countries to the United Nations is blocked by one or more other members , such as Taiwan and Kosovo , and there are also two observer states , the Holy See and the State of Palestine . Additionally , there are various dependencies and territories that maintain autonomy , their own government , immigration , and/or print their own currency , and can be widely held as de facto countries by travellers . ISO 3166 is maintained by ISO as an updated list of the aforementioned derived from United Nations sources ( Terminology Bulletin Country Names and the Country and Region Codes for Statistical Use maintained by the United Nations Statistics Divisions ) , and lists 249 countries . The Travelers ' Century Club , whose membership is limited to those travellers who have visited one hundred or more territories of the world , maintains its own official list of countries and territories , a total of 325 as of 1 January 2016 , which includes geographically separated areas , such as Hawaii and other areas of cultural interest . This list of people by countries visited does not prescribe one list as correct ; rather , it lists the number of countries visited from any of these competing lists . The Best Travelled is also considered a reference for the 1281 world regions and well travelled people , and hold a verification process to check on traveller 's claims . Their UN Master List regroups all those travellers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b97f1213d43ba069da417f7c40fd3532", "text": "Steingrímur J. Sigfússon Steingrímur Jóhann Sigfússon ( born 4 August 1955 ) is an Icelandic politician . He has been a member of the Althing ( Icelandic parliament ) since 1983 and is the founding chairman of the Left-Green Movement ( Vinstri hreyfingin -- grænt framboð ) . He was the Minister for Agriculture and Communications from 1988 -- 1991 . He became Minister of Finance in 2009 . In 2011 he took on the roles of Minister of Fisheries and Agriculture and Minister of Economic Affairs . Steingrímur was born in Gunnarsstaðir , a large sheep farm between Garður and Þórshöfn in the Þistilfjörður region of northeast Iceland ( Svalbarðshreppur municipality ) . In his younger days he was an avid sportsman , both track and field and also a volleyball player . On 16 January 2006 , Steingrímur was injured in a car accident not far from Blönduós , Iceland but he later recovered . He supported the end of the US military presence in Iceland , but believed Iceland itself should have taken the initiative in ending this presence . Since September 2006 , when US forces left Naval Air Station Keflavik , he has strongly opposed any possible development of an Icelandic army seeing the country 's need for armed forces as practically non-existent . He believes that civilian institutions such as the police and the coast guard should be organized in order to provide the needed protection in the unlikely event of a major disturbance . In November 2006 , he published the book Við öll -- Íslenskt velferðarsamfélag á tímamótum ( `` All of Us -- Icelandic Welfare Society at Crossroads '' ) , laying out his political ideology .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6c460c726ad03f9e14f815139c3efdb0", "text": "Family policy in Iceland The Icelandic family model can be compared to that of the Anglo-Saxon model in regards to its benefits and the Scandinavian model in regards services . Iceland was seen as a lagging country compared to other European countries in terms of family policy . Family policy in Iceland had been long ignored by its policy makers . Not until 1994 when the United Nations celebrated the Year of Family . After the recognition of the importance of family by the United Nations , Iceland 's parliament sought to establish a resolution to the concept of family policy that was gaining greater political attention in Iceland .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "45b058561ea9150d6f24c715bf2eeaa3", "text": "Crown dependencies The Crown dependencies are the Isle of Man in the Irish Sea , and the Bailiwicks of Jersey and Guernsey in the English Channel . They are independently administered jurisdictions , and do not form part of either the United Kingdom or the British Overseas Territories . They are self-governing possessions of the Crown ( defined uniquely in each jurisdiction ) . Internationally , the dependencies are considered `` territories for which the United Kingdom is responsible '' , rather than sovereign states . As a result , they are not member states of the Commonwealth of Nations . However , they do have relationships with the Commonwealth , the European Union , and other international organisations , and are members of the British -- Irish Council . They have their own teams in the Commonwealth Games . They are not part of the European Union ( EU ) , although they are within the EU 's customs area . As the Crown dependencies are not sovereign states , the power to pass legislation affecting the islands ultimately rests with the government of the United Kingdom . However they each have their own legislative assemblies , with the power to legislate on many local matters with the assent of the Crown ( Privy Council , or in the case of the Isle of Man in certain circumstances the Lieutenant-Governor ) . In each case , the head of government is referred to as the Chief Minister .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "57c955b1d638e460bf11368c4281a3d8", "text": "Iceland–Palestine relations Iceland -- Palestine relations refers to the relations between Iceland and Palestine . Iceland was the first Western European country to recognise the independence of Palestine . Full diplomatic relations exist between the two sides . Iceland 's representative to Palestine is a non-resident based at the Ministry for Foreign Affairs in Reykjavík , while Palestine 's ambassador to Iceland is also a non-resident based in Oslo , Norway .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b8ed77dcf3a8a56fd7babbdc4a2a5a1a", "text": "Continental Europe Continental Europe , also referred to as mainland Europe , or , by Europeans , simply the Continent , is the continuous continent of Europe , excluding surrounding islands . The most common definition of continental Europe excludes continental islands , encompassing the Greek Islands , Cyprus , Malta , Sicily , Sardinia , Corsica , the Balearic Islands , Ireland , Great Britain , the Isle of Man , the Channel Islands , Novaya Zemlya and the Danish archipelago , as well as nearby oceanic islands , including the Canary Islands , Madeira , the Azores , Iceland , the Faroe Islands , and Svalbard . The Scandinavian peninsula is sometimes also excluded , as even though it is technically part of `` mainland Europe '' , the de facto connections to the rest of the continent are across the Baltic Sea or North Sea ( rather than via the lengthy land route that involves travelling to the north of the peninsula where it meets Finland , and then south through north-east Europe ) . The notion of Europe as a geopolitical or cultural term is centred on core Europe ( Kerneuropa ) , the continental territory of the historical Carolingian Empire and the core of Latin Christendom , corresponding to modern France , Italy , Germany ( or German-speaking Europe ) and the Benelux states ( historical Austrasia ) . This historical core of `` Carolingian Europe '' was consciously invoked in the 1950s as the historical ethno-cultural basis for the prospective European integration ( see also Multi-speed Europe ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f02e71b026475243f9e43f04e6c1c5ea", "text": "Arctic policy of Iceland The Arctic policy of Iceland refers to the foreign policy of Iceland in regard to the Arctic region . Iceland is a member of the Arctic Council . Iceland does not agree that the Arctic five should meet separately , as they did at the Arctic Ocean Conference .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "13d9473382a808c8c290e2fd82ac28d3", "text": "Economy of Iceland The economy of Iceland is small and subject to high volatility . In 2011 , gross domestic product was US$ 12.3 bn . With a population of 321,000 , this is $ 38,000 per capita , based on purchasing power parity ( PPP ) estimates . The financial crisis of 2007 -- 2010 produced a decline in GDP and employment , although the magnitude of this decline remains to be determined . Iceland has a mixed economy with high levels of free trade and government intervention . However , government consumption is less than other Nordic countries . Geothermal power is the primary source of home and industrial energy in Iceland . In the 1990s Iceland undertook extensive free market reforms , which initially produced strong economic growth . As a result , Iceland was rated as having one of the world 's highest levels of economic freedom as well as civil freedoms . In 2007 , Iceland topped the list of nations ranked by Human Development Index and was one of the most egalitarian , according to the calculation provided by the Gini coefficient . From 2006 onwards , the economy faced problems of growing inflation and current account deficits . Partly in response , and partly as a result of earlier reforms , the financial system expanded rapidly before collapsing entirely in a sweeping financial crisis . Iceland had to obtain emergency funding from the International Monetary Fund and a range of European countries in November 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee0e7bf5a99ceeabd06038362ea4c00a", "text": "Sigmundur Davíð Gunnlaugsson Sigmundur Davíð Gunnlaugsson ( -LSB- ˈsɪɣmʏntʏr ˈtaːvið ˈkʏnløyxsɔn -RSB- ; born 12 March 1975 ) is an Icelandic politician who was the youngest serving Prime Minister of Iceland from May 2013 until April 2016 . He was also chairman of the Progressive Party from 2009 to October 2016 . He was elected to the Althing ( Iceland 's parliament ) as the 8th member for the Reykjavík Constituency North on 25 April 2009 . He has represented the Northeast Constituency as its 1st member since 27 April 2013 . Following the release of the Panama Papers , he announced on 5 April 2016 that he would step aside from the office of Prime Minister . On 7 April 2016 he was replaced as Prime Minister by Sigurður Ingi Jóhannsson , who also replaced him as chairman of the Progressive Party on 2 October 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "65657a2d2db78db2635451f9c77a4fc6", "text": "Icelandic Athletic Federation The Icelandic Athletic Federation ( Icelandic Frjálsíþróttasamband Íslands ) is the governing body for the sport of athletics in Iceland .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6c7182e905effe26d515d29a89610b1d", "text": "Geography of Sweden Sweden is a country in Northern Europe on the Scandinavian Peninsula . It borders Norway to the west ; Finland to the northeast ; and the Baltic Sea and Gulf of Bothnia to the east and south . Sweden has a long coastline on the eastern side and the Scandinavian mountain chain ( Skanderna ) on the western border , a range that separates Sweden from Norway . It has maritime borders with Denmark , Germany , Poland , Russia , Lithuania , Latvia and Estonia , and it is also linked to Denmark ( southwest ) by the Öresund Bridge . At 450295 km2 , Sweden is the 56th largest country in the world . It is the fifth largest in Europe and the largest in Northern Europe .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8ebac84c6f54a7788abd4c30b1e3f9f0", "text": "Politics of Andorra The politics of Andorra take place in a framework of a parliamentary constitutional diarchy , and a multi-party system . Executive power is exercised by the government , with the Head of Government of Andorra as chief executive . Legislative power is vested in both the government and parliament . The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature . Before 1993 , Andorra 's political system had no clear division of powers into executive , legislative , and judicial branches . A constitution ratified and approved in 1993 establishes Andorra as a sovereign parliamentary democracy that retains the President of France and Bishop of Urgell as co-princes and heads of state . However , the head of government retains executive power . The two co-princes serve coequally with limited powers that do not include an individual veto over government acts ( however , a bill can in effect be `` vetoed '' if both do not sign the legislation ) . They are each represented in Andorra by a personal representative . The fundamental impetus for this political transformation was a recommendation by the Council of Europe in 1990 that , if Andorra wished to attain full integration in the European Union ( EU ) , it should adopt a modern constitution that guarantees the rights of those living and working there . A Tripartite Commission -- made up of representatives of the co-princes , the General Council , and the Executive Council -- was formed in 1990 and finalized the draft constitution in April 1991 , making the new constitution a fact . One remaining , though symbolic , legacy of Andorra 's special relationship with France and Spain , is that the Principality has no postal service of its own -- French and Spanish postal services operate side by side , although each of them issues separate stamps for Andorra , instead of using their own .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5c8b58c81b137d557d487e2db70cb334", "text": "Economic history of Iceland The economy history of Iceland covers the development of its economy from the Settlement of Iceland in the late 9th century until the present .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fbdef958462da21025cf45de467b6c71", "text": "Þjórsá Þjórsá ( -LSB- ˈθjoursau -RSB- ) is Iceland 's longest river at 230 kilometers ( about 143 miles ) . It is in the south of the island . Þjórsá is a glacier river and has its source on the glacier Hofsjökull . It flows out through narrow gorges in the highlands of Iceland . Further downstream , another river , the Tungnaá , flows into it ( see also Háifoss ) , before it enters the lowlands . There it passes the valley of Þjórsárdalur ( Thjorsardalur ) where the historical farm of Stöng is located at . In the lowlands it flows along the eastern border of the Great Þjórsá Lava . In the middle of the now rather wide river , there is a big island called Árnes , where there used to be a Þing . The administrative unit of Árnessýsla was named after it . The hringvegur ( Road No. 1 ) traverses the river via a bridge between Selfoss and Hella . Some kilometers to the southwest the river flows into the Atlantic Ocean .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "94f71a3347f5c11f746f51ce8987506c", "text": "President of Iceland The President of Iceland ( Forseti Íslands ) is Iceland 's elected head of state . The incumbent is Guðni Thorlacius Jóhannesson , who is now in his first term as president , elected in 2016 . The president is elected to a four-year term by popular vote , is not term-limited , and has limited powers . The presidential residence is situated in Bessastaðir in Garðabær , near the capital city Reykjavík .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa8f00c70c310ad35f4ed0472f779d8d", "text": "Icelandic Elf School The Icelandic Elf School , known as Álfaskólinn in Icelandic , is a school in Iceland that teaches students and visitors about Icelandic folklore . The school teaches about the hidden people and the 13 different kinds of elves that the school believes inhabit the country of Iceland . According to the school 's headmaster , hidden people `` are just the same size and look exactly like human beings , the only difference is that they are invisible to most of us . Elves , on the other hand , are n't entirely human , they 're humanoid , starting at around eight centimetres . '' He also claims there are gay and lesbian elves . The school is located in Reykjavík , the country 's largest city . The school is headed by Magnús Skarphéðinsson . Magnús has a full curriculum , and certificate programs for visitors that can be earned in as little as half a day . However , the school also publishes texts on hidden people , partly for its own use in the classroom . There is also ongoing research on the elves and hidden people of Iceland . He also collects stories about trolls , fairies , dwarves , and gnomes , but says that `` nearly 70 percent of our stories are about hidden people , because they are most seen here . '' These stories have been collected for the purpose of preservation . Magnús organizes five hour long educational excursions for visitors , and finishes the tour with coffee and pancakes at the school . Despite never advertising his school , Magnus typically gets 5-10 people per excursion . Since opening in 1991 , over 9,000 people , most of them foreigners , have attended the school . The Álfaskólinn also provides `` aura readings '' and `` past-life explorations '' . The question of the `` level of belief in elves '' in Iceland is somewhat of a cultural topos , with survey results published in 1975 , 1995 , 1998 , 2006 . Interpretations of the survey results vary . Based on the 2006 figures , Magnús claims that while only 26 % of Icelanders believe in elves ( summing the responses ` certain ' and ` probable ' ) , 80 % `` do take notice '' ( including the replies ` possible ' and ` unlikely ' ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc2f6880d5e90a5ea7e2d8100c843a2f", "text": "List of adjectival and demonymic forms for countries and nations The following is a list of adjectival forms of countries and nations in English and their demonymic equivalents . A country adjective describes something as being from that country , for example , `` Italian cuisine '' is `` cuisine of Italy '' . A country demonym denotes the people or the inhabitants of or from there , for example , `` Germans '' are people of or from Germany . Note : Demonyms are given in plural forms . Singular forms simply remove the final 's ' or , in the case of - ese endings , are the same as the plural forms . The ending - men has feminine equivalent - women ( e.g. an Irishman and a Scotswoman ) . The French terminations - ois / ais serve as both the singular and plural masculine ; adding ` e ' ( - oise / aise ) makes them singular feminine ; ` es ' ( - oises / aises ) makes them plural feminine . The Spanish and Portuguese terminations '' - o '' usually denotes the masculine and is normally changed to feminine by dropping the '' - o '' and adding '' - a '' . The plural forms are usually '' - os '' and '' - as '' respectively . Adjectives ending in - ish can be used as collective demonyms ( e.g. the English , the Cornish ) . So can those ending in - ch / - tch ( e.g. the French , the Dutch ) provided they are pronounced with a ` ch ' sound ( e.g. the adjective Czech does not qualify ) . Many place-name adjectives and many demonyms refer also to various other things , sometimes with and sometimes without one or more additional words . ( Sometimes , the use of one or more additional words is optional . ) Notable examples are cuisines , cheeses , cat breeds , dog breeds , and horse breeds . ( See List of words derived from toponyms . ) Note - in cases where two or more adjectival forms are given , there is often a subtle difference in usage between the two . This is particularly the case with Central Asian countries where one form tends to relate to the nation and the other often relates to the predominant ethnic group ( e.g. , Uzbek is primarily an ethnicity , Uzbekistani relates to citizens of Uzbekistan ) . In addition , several countries have a large number of sub-names for their citizens in the form of nicknames for people of certain different areas ; these are usually related to something typical of the area . In Puerto Rico for example , people who come from the town of Bayamon are referred to as `` Cowboy ( s ) '' or `` Cowgirl ( s ) '' ; those from Caguas are referred to as `` Criollo ( s ) '' or `` Criolla ( s ) '' . Except in cases such as Spain , in which sub-names have been used interchangeably by others , sub-names belonging to some areas in a country are not listed here .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3d0d78f3c18138d33052c42118e35eba", "text": "Danish Realm The term Danish Realm ( Det Danske Rige ) refers to the relationship between Denmark proper , the Faroe Islands and Greenland -- three countries constituting the Kingdom of Denmark . The legal nature of the Kingdom of Denmark is fundamentally one of a unitary sovereign state . The Faroe Islands and Greenland have been part of the Crown of Denmark since 1397 ( de jure ) when the Kalmar Union was ratified , and part of the Kingdom of Denmark since 1814 ( de facto ) . However , due to their separate historical and cultural identities , these parts of the Realm now have an extensive type of self-government and have assumed legislative and administrative responsibility in a substantial number of fields . Legal matters in The Danish Realm are subject to the Danish Constitution . Beginning in 1953 , state law issues within The Danish Realm has been governed by The Unity of the Realm ( Rigsenheden ) . A less formal name for The Unity of the Realm is `` the commonwealth of the Realm '' . In 1978 , The Unity of The Realm was for the first time unofficially referred to as rigsfællesskabet . The name caught on and since the 1990s , both The Unity of The Realm and The Danish Realm itself has increasingly been referred to as simply rigsfællesskabet ( ríkisfelagsskapurin naalagaaffeqatigiit ) in daily parlance . The Danish Constitution stipulates that the foreign and security interests for all parts of the Danish Realm are the responsibility of the Danish government . The Faroes received home rule in 1948 and Greenland did so in 1979 . In 2005 , the Faroes received a self-government arrangement , and in 2009 Greenland received `` self rule '' , thus leaving the Danish government with virtually no influence over Greenlandic internal affairs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca10264e9595c776a10ea8aad685bbc3", "text": "City-state A city-state is a sovereign state that consists of a city and its dependent territories . Historically , this included cities such as Rome , Athens , Carthage , and the Italian city-states during the Renaissance -- but today only a handful of sovereign city-states exist , with some disagreement as to which are city-states . A great deal of consensus exists that the term properly applies to Singapore , Monaco , and Vatican City . A number of other small states share similar characteristics , and therefore are sometimes also cited as modern city-states . Namely , Qatar , Brunei , Kuwait , Bahrain , and Malta , which each have an urban center comprising a significant proportion of the population , though , all have several distinct settlements and a designated or de facto capital city . Occasionally , other small states with high population densities , such as San Marino , are also cited , despite lacking a large urban centre characteristic of traditional city-states . Several non-sovereign cities enjoy a high degree of autonomy , and are sometimes considered city-states . Hong Kong and Macau , along with independent members of the United Arab Emirates , most notably Dubai and Abu Dhabi , are often cited as such .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "586d86ab38a7263fa75be52e79b14b77", "text": "Icelandic outvasion The Icelandic `` outvasion '' ( Icelandic : útrás ) was the period in the economic history of Iceland between 2000 and the onset of its financial crisis in October 2008 . With the privatisation of the Icelandic banks being advantageous for investors , there was a large supply of cheap loan capital on the international market . A clause in the agreement with the European Economic Area stipulated the free flow of capital to and from Iceland . The so-called outvasion led to the purchase of many foreign businesses , particularly in the retail sector . The British retailers Debenhams , Woolworths , Hamleys , and others came into full or part-Icelandic possession , in addition to the Danish companies Magasin du Nord and Royal Unibrew . Novator Partners acquired telecoms and other assets around Europe , including České Radiokomunikace , Elisa , Saunalahti , Bulgarian Telecommunications Company , P4 Spółka z o.o. , Netia , and Forthnet . The term `` outvasion '' was coined by the Icelandic media , who described the bankers as Vikings , and compared the rapid acquisition of many foreign businesses to a Viking invasion or raid , in both the possessions of the target being aggressively taken over .", "title": "" } ]	fever
11d2e8700ab233b322a5abb5f8bf7861	PageRank was named after a person.	[ { "docid": "c52d028e3f796ef5f9f416c99023275d", "text": "PageRank PageRank ( PR ) is an algorithm used by Google Search to rank websites in their search engine results . PageRank was named after Larry Page , one of the founders of Google . PageRank is a way of measuring the importance of website pages . According to Google : It is not the only algorithm used by Google to order search engine results , but it is the first algorithm that was used by the company , and it is the best-known .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "8f7d11f567e1fecfc97efc54e055c451", "text": "Semantic publishing Semantic publishing on the Web , or semantic web publishing , refers to publishing information on the web as documents accompanied by semantic markup . Semantic publication provides a way for computers to understand the structure and even the meaning of the published information , making information search and data integration more efficient . Although semantic publishing is not specific to the Web , it has been driven by the rising of the semantic web . In the semantic web , published information is accompanied by metadata describing the information , providing a `` semantic '' context . Although semantic publishing has the potential to change the face of web publishing , acceptance depends on the emergence of compelling applications . Web sites can already be built with all contents in both HTML format and semantic format . RSS1 .0 , uses RDF ( a semantic web standard ) format , although it has become less popular than RSS2 .0 and Atom . Semantic publishing has the potential to revolutionize scientific publishing . Tim Berners-Lee predicted in 2001 that the semantic web `` will likely profoundly change the very nature of how scientific knowledge is produced and shared , in ways that we can now barely imagine '' . Revisiting the semantic web in 2006 , he and his colleagues believed the semantic web `` could bring about a revolution in how , for example , scientific content is managed throughout its life cycle '' . Researchers could directly self-publish their experiment data in `` semantic '' format on the web . Semantic search engines could then make these data widely available . The W3C interest group in healthcare and life sciences is exploring this idea .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c0fd153b86727b74ca9c0abc5f776bcd", "text": "Timeline of information theory A timeline of events related to information theory , quantum information theory and statistical physics , data compression , error correcting codes and related subjects . 1872 -- Ludwig Boltzmann presents his H-theorem , and with it the formula Σpi log pi for the entropy of a single gas particle . 1878 -- J. Willard Gibbs defines the Gibbs entropy : the probabilities in the entropy formula are now taken as probabilities of the state of the whole system . 1924 -- Harry Nyquist discusses quantifying `` intelligence '' and the speed at which it can be transmitted by a communication system . 1927 -- John von Neumann defines the von Neumann entropy , extending the Gibbs entropy to quantum mechanics . 1928 -- Ralph Hartley introduces Hartley information as the logarithm of the number of possible messages , with information being communicated when the receiver can distinguish one sequence of symbols from any other ( regardless of any associated meaning ) . 1929 -- Leó Szilárd analyses Maxwell 's Demon , showing how a Szilard engine can sometimes transform information into the extraction of useful work . 1940 -- Alan Turing introduces the deciban as a measure of information inferred about the German Enigma machine cypher settings by the Banburismus process . 1944 -- Claude Shannon 's theory of information is substantially complete . 1947 -- Richard W. Hamming invents Hamming codes for error detection and correction . For patent reasons , the result is not published until 1950 . 1948 -- Claude E. Shannon publishes A Mathematical Theory of Communication 1949 -- Claude E. Shannon publishes Communication in the Presence of Noise -- Nyquist -- Shannon sampling theorem and Shannon -- Hartley law 1949 -- Claude E. Shannon 's Communication Theory of Secrecy Systems is declassified 1949 -- Robert M. Fano publishes Transmission of Information . M.I.T. Press , Cambridge , Mass. -- Shannon -- Fano coding 1949 -- Leon G. Kraft discovers Kraft 's inequality , which shows the limits of prefix codes 1949 -- Marcel J. E. Golay introduces Golay codes for forward error correction 1951 -- Solomon Kullback and Richard Leibler introduce the Kullback -- Leibler divergence 1951 -- David A. Huffman invents Huffman encoding , a method of finding optimal prefix codes for lossless data compression 1953 -- August Albert Sardinas and George W. Patterson devise the Sardinas -- Patterson algorithm , a procedure to decide whether a given variable-length code is uniquely decodable 1954 -- Irving S. Reed and David E. Muller propose Reed -- Muller codes 1955 -- Peter Elias introduces convolutional codes 1957 -- Eugene Prange first discusses cyclic codes 1959 -- Alexis Hocquenghem , and independently the next year Raj Chandra Bose and Dwijendra Kumar Ray-Chaudhuri , discover BCH codes 1960 -- Irving S. Reed and Gustave Solomon propose Reed -- Solomon codes 1962 -- Robert G. Gallager proposes low-density parity-check codes ; they are unused for 30 years due to technical limitations . 1965 -- Dave Forney discusses concatenated codes . 1967 -- Andrew Viterbi reveals the Viterbi algorithm , making decoding of convolutional codes practicable . 1968 -- Elwyn Berlekamp invents the Berlekamp -- Massey algorithm ; its application to decoding BCH and Reed -- Solomon codes is pointed out by James L. Massey the following year . 1968 -- Chris Wallace and David M. Boulton publish the first of many papers on Minimum Message Length ( MML ) statistical and inductive inference 1970 -- Valerii Denisovich Goppa introduces Goppa codes 1972 -- J. Justesen proposes Justesen codes , an improvement of Reed -- Solomon codes 1973 -- David Slepian and Jack Wolf discover and prove the Slepian -- Wolf coding limits for distributed source coding . 1976 -- Gottfried Ungerboeck gives the first paper on trellis modulation ; a more detailed exposition in 1982 leads to a raising of analogue modem POTS speeds from 9.6 kbit/s to 33.6 kbit/s . 1976 -- R. Pasco and Jorma J. Rissanen develop effective arithmetic coding techniques , 1977 -- Abraham Lempel and Jacob Ziv develop Lempel -- Ziv compression ( LZ77 ) 1989 -- Phil Katz publishes the . zip format including DEFLATE ( LZ77 + Huffman coding ) ; later to become the most widely used archive container and most widely used lossless compression algorithm 1993 -- Claude Berrou , Alain Glavieux and Punya Thitimajshima introduce Turbo codes 1994 -- Michael Burrows and David Wheeler publish the Burrows -- Wheeler transform , later to find use in bzip2 1995 -- Benjamin Schumacher coins the term qubit and proves the quantum noiseless coding theorem 2001 -- Sam Kwong and Yu Fan Ho proposed Statistical Lempel Ziv 2006 -- Jarek Duda introduced first entropy coder from Asymmetric Numeral Systems family , which later variants are replacing Huffman and arithmetic coding since 2014 2008 -- Erdal Arıkan introduced polar codes , the first practical construction of codes that achieves capacity for a wide array of channels .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "907311ef30af21e6a2583f19405b6e58", "text": "Citation index A citation index is a kind of bibliographic index , an index of citations between publications , allowing the user to easily establish which later documents cite which earlier documents . A form of citation index is first found in 12th-century Hebrew religious literature . Legal citation indexes are found in the 18th century and were made popular by citators such as Shepard 's Citations ( 1873 ) . In 1960 , Eugene Garfield 's Institute for Scientific Information ( ISI ) introduced the first citation index for papers published in academic journals , first the Science Citation Index ( SCI ) , and later the Social Sciences Citation Index ( SSCI ) and the Arts and Humanities Citation Index ( AHCI ) . The first automated citation indexing was done by CiteSeer in 1997 . Other sources for such data include Google Scholar and Elsevier 's Scopus .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "54f5f8898afbde3b9b651de11350dd41", "text": "Daniel Sleator Daniel Dominic Kaplan Sleator ( born 10 December 1953 in St. Louis ) is a Professor of Computer Science at Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh , United States . In 1999 , he won the ACM Paris Kanellakis Award ( jointly with Robert Tarjan ) for the splay tree data structure . He was one of the pioneers in amortized analysis of algorithms , early examples of which were the analyses of the move-to-front heuristic , and splay trees . He invented many data structures with Robert Tarjan , such as splay trees , link/cut trees , and skew heaps . The Sleator and Tarjan paper on the move-to-front heuristic first suggested the idea of comparing an online algorithm to an optimal offline algorithm , for which the term competitive analysis was later coined in a paper of Karlin , Manasse , Rudolph , and Sleator . Sleator also developed the theory of link grammars , and the Serioso music analyzer for analyzing meter and harmony in written music .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "90b033e38891ea6a9f7381122c1f13b9", "text": "Spam mass Spam mass is defined as `` the measure of the impact of link spamming on a page 's ranking . '' The concept was developed by Zoltán Gyöngyi and Hector Garcia-Molina of Stanford University in association with Pavel Berkhin and Jan Pedersen of Yahoo! . This paper expands upon their proposed TrustRank methodology . The researchers developed a good core and a bad core of selected Web documents from which they measured spam mass across a collection of documents . Two types of measurements , absolute mass and relative mass , are used to compare groups of documents . The higher the mass measurements , the more likely the documents are to be equivalent to spam .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f3c5cd1c214c2b3974ca0a87236461b2", "text": "Paul Mockapetris Paul V. Mockapetris ( born 1948 in Boston , Massachusetts , US ) is an American computer scientist and Internet pioneer , who , together with Jon Postel , invented the Internet Domain Name System ( DNS ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8723d8809fe7ca5b3197947e8b8cc5b1", "text": "Web of Stories Web of Stories is an online collection of thousands of autobiographical video-stories . Web of Stories , originally known as Science Archive , was set up to record the life stories of scientists . When it expanded to include the lives of authors , movie makers , artists and others , it was renamed Peoples Archive , finally evolving to become Web of Stories in 2008 . The website has the following features : Video recordings of the life stories of a broad range of the acknowledged leaders of our time , including : scientists Francis Crick and James Watson , neurologist Oliver Sacks , writer Stan Lee , and authors Doris Lessing and Philip Roth , as well as 16 Nobel Prize winners , 19 Fellows of the Royal Society , 4 Pulitzer Prize winners , and 3 Academy Award winners . All stories are organised into themes ( for example , ` Love ' , ` War ' and ` Health ' ) . A growing selection of videos are also available on the dedicated YouTube - Web of Stories Channel . Web of Stories is based in London , and is part of the Science Navigation Group , a group of scientific publishing companies which also publishes Faculty of 1000 , and formerly published Global DataPoint , Postcode Gazette , Current BioData .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3e1dafca6bc80f7f9906107d4ea87b85", "text": "Probabilistic relevance model The probabilistic relevance model was devised by Robertson and Jones as a framework for probabilistic models to come . It is a formalism of information retrieval useful to derive ranking functions used by search engines and web search engines in order to rank matching documents according to their relevance to a given search query . It makes an estimation of the probability of finding if a document dj is relevant to a query q . This model assumes that this probability of relevance depends on the query and document representations . Furthermore , it assumes that there is a portion of all documents that is preferred by the user as the answer set for query q . Such an ideal answer set is called R and should maximize the overall probability of relevance to that user . The prediction is that documents in this set R are relevant to the query , while documents not present in the set are non-relevant .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd8fc563190e6da57d262bd33f671e5c", "text": "TipRanks TipRanks is a company that ranks financial analysts . It was founded in 2012 . In late 2012 TipRanks launched a browser add-on that shows analyst information inside articles . In 2013 , TipRanks won the Finovate awards twice . In 2014 , former New York governor Eliot Spitzer invested in the company . TipRanks operates a website offering paid and free subscriptions on information about financial analysts , bloggers and insider trading .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f667b9fb70bdc109ae825517be864f6b", "text": "Google Founders' Award The Google Founders ' Award was a special award for entrepreneurial achievement awarded to groups at Google Inc. . The awards are given in the form of stock grants , and the program was initiated in 2004 by Google founders Sergey Brin and Lawrence E. Page to reward groups .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7a5203e7b7f42e978ab2c3d32b592050", "text": "Gerard Salton Gerard A. `` Gerry '' Salton ( 8 March 1927 in Nuremberg -- 28 August 1995 ) , was a Professor of Computer Science at Cornell University . Salton was perhaps the leading computer scientist working in the field of information retrieval during his time , and `` the father of information retrieval '' . His group at Cornell developed the SMART Information Retrieval System , which he initiated when he was at Harvard . Salton was born Gerhard Anton Sahlmann on March 8 , 1927 in Nuremberg , Germany . He received a Bachelor 's ( 1950 ) and Master 's ( 1952 ) degree in mathematics from Brooklyn College , and a Ph.D. from Harvard in Applied Mathematics in 1958 , the last of Howard Aiken 's doctoral students , and taught there until 1965 , when he joined Cornell University and co-founded its department of Computer Science . Salton was perhaps most well known for developing the now widely used vector space model for Information Retrieval . In this model , both documents and queries are represented as vectors of term counts , and the similarity between a document and a query is given by the cosine between the term vector and the document vector . In this paper , he also introduced TF-IDF , or term-frequency-inverse-document frequency , a model in which the score of a term in a document is the ratio of the number of terms in that document divided by the frequency of the number of documents in which that term occurs . ( The concept of inverse document frequency , a measure of specificity , had been introduced in 1972 by Karen Sparck-Jones . ) Later in life , he became interested in automatic text summarization and analysis , as well as automatic hypertext generation . He published over 150 research articles and 5 books during his life . Salton was editor-in-chief of the Communications of the ACM and the Journal of the ACM , and chaired Special Interest Group on Information Retrieval ( SIGIR ) . He was an associate editor of the ACM Transactions on Information Systems . He was an ACM Fellow ( elected 1995 ) , received an Award of Merit from the American Society for Information Science ( 1989 ) , and was the first recipient of the SIGIR Award for outstanding contributions to study of information retrieval ( 1983 ) -- now called the Gerard Salton Award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "158e0687918b25e026889a45986049f2", "text": "Mnemonic link system A mnemonic link system , sometimes also known as a chain method , is a method of remembering lists that is based on creating an association between the elements of that list . For example , when memorizing the list ( dog , envelope , thirteen , yarn , window ) , one could create a story about a `` dog stuck in an envelope , mailed to an unlucky thirteen black cat playing with yarn by the window '' . It is argued that the story would be easier to remember than the list itself . Another method is to actually link each element of the list with a mental picture of an image that includes two elements in the list that are next to each other . This would form an open doubly linked list which could be traversed at will , backwards or forwards . For example , in the last list one could imagine their dog inside of a giant envelope , then a black cat eating an envelope . The same logic would be used with the rest of the items . The observation that absurd images are easier to remember is known as the Von Restorff effect , although the success of this effect was refuted by several studies ( Hock et al. 1978 ; Einstein 1987 ) , which found that the established connection between the two words is more important than the image 's absurdity . In order to access a certain element of the list , one needs to recite the list step by step , much in the same vein as a linked list , in order to get the element from the system . There are three limitations to the link system . The first is that there is no numerical order imposed when memorizing , hence the practitioner can not immediately determine the numerical position of an item ; this can be solved by bundling numerical markers at set points in the chain or using the peg system instead . The second is that if any of the items is forgotten , the entire list may be in jeopardy . The third is the potential for confusing repeated segments of the list , a common problem when memorizing binary digits . This limitation can be resolved either through bundling or by using either the peg system or the method of loci .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "40ac4a857188df4e874db1545eb616d6", "text": "Social graph The social graph in the Internet context is a graph that depicts personal relations of internet users . In short , it is a model or representation of a social network , where the word graph has been taken from graph theory . The social graph has been referred to as `` the global mapping of everybody and how they 're related '' . The term was popularized at the Facebook F8 conference on May 24 , 2007 , when it was used to explain how the newly introduced Facebook Platform would take advantage of the relationships between individuals to offer a richer online experience . The definition has been expanded to refer to a social graph of all Internet users . Since explaining the concept of the social graph , Mark Zuckerberg , one of the founders of Facebook , has often touted Facebook 's goal of offering the website 's social graph to other websites so that a user 's relationships can be put to use on websites outside of Facebook 's control . This can be accomplished through the Facebook Open Graph API . One of the earliest known forms of the social graph was created in 2002 by Harvard student Philippe Bouzaglou in a paper published on the Harvard Department of Economics website . The paper replicated the Kevin Bacon Game using Harvard students and for the first time , gave an overview of an entire social graph , allowing the analysis of the characteristics of the network using graph theory . This paper was written for a seminar that was attended by Dustin Moskovitz who later became a Facebook co-founder .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7e7078dd345a82b855bcb657e1732a42", "text": "Expected linear time MST algorithm A randomized algorithm for computing the minimum spanning forest of a weighted graph with no isolated vertices . It was developed by David Karger , Philip Klein , and Robert Tarjan . The algorithm relies on techniques from Borůvka 's algorithm along with an algorithm for verifying a minimum spanning tree in linear time . It combines the design paradigms of divide and conquer algorithms , greedy algorithms , and randomized algorithms to achieve expected linear performance . Deterministic algorithms that find the minimum spanning tree include Prim 's algorithm , Kruskal 's algorithm , reverse-delete algorithm , and Borůvka 's algorithm .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4ceb9e6d7b93971ad008f171b7d9bd2e", "text": "Robert Morris Page Robert Morris Page ( 2 June 1903 -- 15 May 1992 ) was an American physicist who was a leading figure in the development of radar technology . Later , Page served as the Director of Research for the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3d5a89c1a959949aec189f5054dd7655", "text": "DeepPeep DeepPeep is a search engine that aims to crawl and index every database on the public Web . Unlike traditional search engines , which crawl existing webpages and their hyperlinks , DeepPeep aims to allow access to the so-called Deep Web , World Wide Web content only available via for instance typed queries into databases . The project started at the University of Utah and was overseen by Juliana Freire , an associate professor at the university 's School of Computing WebDB group . The goal is to make 90 % of all WWW content accessible , according to Freire . The project ran a beta search engine and was sponsored by the University of Utah and a $ 243,000 grant from the National Science Foundation . It generated worldwide interest .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bff20ed6e8e6a206f492b9d91f23256a", "text": "Sergey Brin Sergey Mikhaylovich Brin ( Серге́й Миха́йлович Брин born August 21 , 1973 ) is a Russian American computer scientist , internet entrepreneur , and philanthropist . Together with Larry Page , he co-founded Google . Brin is the President of Google 's parent company Alphabet Inc. . , Brin is the 13th richest person in the world , with an estimated net worth of US$ 39.8 billion . Brin immigrated to the United States with his family from the Soviet Union at the age of 6 . He earned his bachelor 's degree at the University of Maryland , following in his father 's and grandfather 's footsteps by studying mathematics , as well as computer science . After graduation , he moved to Stanford University to acquire a PhD in computer science . There he met Page , with whom he later became friends . They crammed their dormitory room with inexpensive computers and applied Brin 's data mining system to build a web search engine . The program became popular at Stanford , and they suspended their PhD studies to start up Google in a rented garage . The Economist referred to Brin as an `` Enlightenment Man '' , and as someone who believes that `` knowledge is always good , and certainly always better than ignorance '' , a philosophy that is summed up by Google 's mission statement , `` Organize the world 's information and make it universally accessible and useful , '' and unofficial yet sometimes controversial motto , `` Do n't be evil '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1b2d7be6daf89e5b435d616944aba140", "text": "Anna Patterson Anna Patterson has been described as one of the most important women in technology , winner of the 2016 ABIE Award , and one of the seminal contributors to search engines . She is currently Vice President of Engineering , Artificial Intelligence at Google . She is also currently a trustee at Harvey Mudd College and a trustee at the Mathematical Sciences Research Institute and on the National Engineering Council at Washington University in St. Louis . She is a co-founder of Progressive Women of Silicon Valley which helps host candidates and causes in Silicon Valley . While she was working in Google 's Android organization , Patterson was responsible for a division of Google Play including Books and Search , Recommendations and Infrastructure for scaling up Android from 40 million phones to over 800 million phones . Before joining Android at Google , she was the principal architect of one of the firm 's largest search serving systems - TeraGoogle - and also led efforts in web search , advertisements and shopping . She was a co-founder of Cuil , a clustering-based search engine and wrote Recall.archive.org ( part of the Wayback Machine ) , a history-based search engine out of the Internet Archive , which showed trends over time . She wrote `` Why writing your own search engine is hard '' in the ACM Queue about this experience . Patterson received her B.S. in Computer Science and another in Electrical Engineering from Washington University and her Ph.D. from the University of Illinois at Urbana -- Champaign and was a Research Scientist at Stanford University in Artificial Intelligence working with John McCarthy on Phenomenal Data Mining and Carolyn Talcott on theorem provers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "99ba293f4f3f650a0203a59cf5301015", "text": "Stephen Robertson (computer scientist) Stephen Robertson is a British computer scientist . He is known for his work on information retrieval and the Okapi BM25 weighting model . After completing his undergraduate degree in mathematics at Cambridge University , he took an MS at City University , and then worked for ASLIB . He then studied for his PhD at University College London under the renowned statistician and scholar B. C. Brookes . He then returned to City University working there from 1978 until 1998 in the Department of Information Science , continuing as a part-time professor and subsequently as professor emeritus . He is also a fellow of Girton College , Cambridge University . From 1998 to 2013 he worked in the Cambridge laboratory of Microsoft Research , where he led a group investigating core search processes such as term weighting , document scoring and ranking algorithms , combining evidence from different sources , and metrics and methods for the evaluation and optimisation of search . Much of his work has contributed to the Microsoft search engine Bing . He participated a number of times in the TREC conference .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "de06d93935eeafeb63e7fad8d4962801", "text": "Literatronica The term literatronica , A.K.A. literatronic ( Marino , 2006 ) , was coined by Colombian mathematician and author Juan B Gutierrez ( 2002 ) to refer to electronic literature . According to Gutierrez ( 2006 ) : The literary hypertext authoring system known as Literatronica was developed by Juan B Gutierrez . Instead of relying solely on static hypertext links ( for the system allows these as well ) , it uses an AI engine to recommend the best next pages based on what readers have already read . Literatronica radically revises the 1990s notions of literary hypertext as Modernist collage to the `` original '' notions of Arpanet as document sharing , where speed of access was put before what Espen Aarseth calls the aporia of links . In short , he asks , is nonlinearity and disruption inherent to the medium ? The system addresses several of the major classic problems found with hypertext , namely , the problems of : 1 . Readers knowing how much of a text has been read . 2 . Readers encountering repeated pages without artistic effect . 3 . Readers getting lost and not finding their way through the text . 4 . Writers struggling to maintain large systems of static links .", "title": "" } ]	fever
b6decf439f21e33aba3b3b444230190f	Kumail Nanjiani wrote a screenplay with his wife in 2017.	[ { "docid": "0d5cc14e5503a8604f7e2fcb633d453c", "text": "The Big Sick The Big Sick is an American romantic comedy film directed by Michael Showalter , from a screenplay by Kumail Nanjiani and Emily V. Gordon . It stars Nanjiani , Zoe Kazan , Holly Hunter , and Ray Romano . The film had its world premiere at the Sundance Film Festival on January 20 , 2017 . It is scheduled to be released on June 23 , 2017 , by Amazon Studios and Lionsgate", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9bf7c166c4d12c39e460cf405904af56", "text": "Kumail Nanjiani Kumail Nanjiani ( born February 21 , 1978 ) is a Pakistani-American stand-up comedian , actor , writer , and podcast host . Nanjiani is best known for being a main cast member on HBO 's Emmy Award-nominated series Silicon Valley , as well as for providing the voice of Prismo on the Emmy Award-winning animated series Adventure Time . He starred on the TNT series Franklin & Bash and the Adult Swim series Newsreaders . Nanjiani also co-hosted the Comedy Central show The Meltdown with Jonah and Kumail . In addition to his television and film work , he hosts two podcasts : The Indoor Kids and The X-Files Files . In 2017 , Nanjiani starred in the romantic comedy film The Big Sick , which he wrote with his wife Emily V. Gordon .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "eb28c6ecf4b16bccf3bc92e1323ff194", "text": "Roger Kumble Roger Kumble ( born May 28 , 1966 ) is an American film director , screenwriter , and playwright .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f0da34b1823e080554d8fa6cdb92a69b", "text": "Masterpiece (2017 Film) MasterPiece is an Indian Malayalam cinema film Directed by Ajai Vasudev . It is a mass thriller movie . It is the second time Mammootty and Ajai Vasudev joins . It is there second venture after RajadhiRaja . Mammootty is appearing as a college professor in this movie and is a strict professor . The main location of the movie is Kollam . The movie is scripted by Udayakrishna after Pulimurugan . The shooting has started on 17 April 2017 . Stunts are choreographed by Stunt Silva and Anal Arasu", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d370664cc5474157a228e0651e7fa21c", "text": "Manmarziyan (upcoming film) Manmarziyan is an upcoming Indian 2017 Bollywood romantic film directed by Sameer Sharma and produced by Anand L. Rai . The principal photography of the film began in January 2016 . The film stars Ayushmann Khurrana , Bhumi Pednekar and Vicky Kaushal . The first look of the film was released on 3 January 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "03e85e343bcc4cef9ce6ab4435d3d965", "text": "Neena Kulkarni Neena Kulkarni , actress , model , column writer , producer , director . Began her acting journey in the 1970s on Marathi professional stage and Hindi experimental stage , along with fashion shows and modelling simultaneously . She met Pt Satyadev Dubey , her first guru , and went on to be a part of several Hindi productions under his direction . Mohan Rakesh 's Adhe Adhure , Shankar Shesh 's Mayavi Sarovar , Willie Russell 's Educating Rita are a few of her prominent plays . Dr Vijaya Mehta chose her to play Shabbo in Anil Barve 's Hamidabai chi Kothi in 1978 , and thus began her long journey with Bai into the remarkable world of Marathi theatre with Mahasagar and Savitri . She continues to assist Bai in her workshops . Mahasagar , Akasmat , Dhyani Mani , Vatvat Savitri , Dehabhaan , Prem Patra , Hamidabai chi Kothi Chapa Kaata are some more of her successful award-winning ( Natya Darpan , State Awards , Natya Parishad recognition ) Marathi plays . Directed the play Mahasagar in 2011 . Mahatma versus Gandhi , Wedding Album English plays . Her prominent Marathi films are Savat Maazhi Laadki ( state ward best actress ) Aai , Uttaryan , Shevri ( for which she won the National Award and PIFF award as producer ) Sari var Sari ( State award best supporting ) , Bioscope ( filmfare best supporting ) Her latest television show Yeh hai Mohabatten running its 4th year . International projects . . The Best Exotic Marigold Hotel , Rani ( a 8 part series in the French language telecast on channel France Deux ) Noces . . a French Film shot in Luxembourg and premiering in Paris in Feb 2017 . Column writer for Loksatta ... called Antarang . She wrote for 3 years , has been published as a book by the same name . 3 editions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "53adfd845d2f64728dbb43af67e827db", "text": "Ali's Wedding Ali 's Wedding is an upcoming 2017 Australian romantic comedy feature film from Matchbox Pictures . It is directed by Jeffrey Walker and written by Osamah Sami and Andrew Knight .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3622124696157fe9f42ad285e29b1431", "text": "Daddy's Home 2 Daddy 's Home 2 is an upcoming American comedy film directed by Sean Anders , from a screenplay by Anders and John Morris . It stars Will Ferrell , Mark Wahlberg , Linda Cardellini , John Cena , John Lithgow and Mel Gibson . It is a sequel to the 2015 film Daddy 's Home . It is scheduled to be released on November 10 , 2017 , by Paramount Pictures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d17aff463b377ea3eee00433d4c40148", "text": "Buddies in India Buddies in India is a 2017 Chinese action adventure comedy film directed by comedian and actor Wang Baoqiang , in his directorial debut , and also starring Wang . It was released in China by Tianjin Maoyan Media , Beijing Enlight Pictures and Huaxia Film Distribution on January 28 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1d225dc315258d25b16334c717f86aa8", "text": "Wakefield (film) Wakefield is a 2016 American drama film directed and written by Robin Swicord , based on the short story of same name by E. L. Doctorow . The film stars Bryan Cranston and Jennifer Garner . Principal photography began on November 30 , 2015 , in Pasadena , California . The film had its world premiere at the Telluride Film Festival on September 2 , 2016 . It was released in a limited release on May 19 , 2017 , before being released through video on demand on May 26 , 2017 , by IFC Films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3850c4065df73ec4bcc517e58f65c3bb", "text": "Hazaar Chaurasi Ki Maa Hazaar Chaurasi Ki Maa ( 1998 ) ( Hindi : हज़ार चौरासी की माँ ; The Mother of 1084 ) is an Indian feature film that deals with the life of a woman who loses her son , a Naxalite , to the violence that is a result of his adopted ideology . The film is directed by Govind Nihalani and is based on Magsaysay and Jnanpith award recipient Mahasweta Devi 's Bengali novel Hajar Churashir Maa . The screenplay is written by Nihalani and the dialogues by Tripurari Sharma . The film stars Jaya Bachchan as Sujata Chatterjee , Anupam Kher as Dibyanath Chatterjee , Milind Gunaji as Inspector Saroj Pal , Seema Biswas as Somu 's mother , Joy Sengupta as Brati Chatterjee and Nandita Das as Nandini Mitra . It marks Jaya Bachchan 's return to acting after a gap of 18 years . In 1998 , Hazaar Chaurasi Ki Maa won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Hindi .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "030647bf43f7ea97daacfca193ebb909", "text": "I Do (2006 film) I Do ( Original title : Prête-moi ta main ) or Rent a Wife ( international working title ) , is a 2006 French romantic comedy directed by Éric Lartigau , based on an original idea by Alain Chabat . The film stars Charlotte Gainsbourg , Alain Chabat and Bernadette Lafont . It is Chabat and Gainsbourg 's third collaboration , after Ils se marièrent et eurent beaucoup d'enfants ( 2004 ) and The Science of Sleep ( 2006 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aaf4f8016582fb872b92e632a7e960e9", "text": "PK (film) PK is a 2014 Indian satirical science fiction comedy film . The film was directed by Rajkumar Hirani , produced by Hirani and Vidhu Vinod Chopra , and written by Hirani and Abhijat Joshi . The film stars Aamir Khan in the title role with Anushka Sharma , Sushant Singh Rajput , Boman Irani , Saurabh Shukla , and Sanjay Dutt in supporting roles . It tells the story of an alien who comes to Earth on a research mission . He befriends a television journalist and questions religious dogmas and superstitions . The film received positive reviews and emerged as the 3rd highest-grossing Indian film of all time , and ranks as the 70th highest-grossing film of 2014 worldwide . The film has been regarded as one of the best Hindi films of 2014 . It is currently the 3rd highest-grossing Indian film of all time only behind Baahubali 2 : The Conclusion and Dangal ( film ) . PK is the first Indian film to gross 7 billion worldwide . It is also the first Indian film to gross US$ 100 million ( Rs 630 crore ) worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e5fdda8cdde9ff4967440e78d12bac04", "text": "1,778 Stories of Me and My Wife is a 2011 Japanese film based on the true story of the science fiction writer Taku Mayumura . It was directed by Mamoru Hoshi , and stars actor Tsuyoshi Kusanagi and actress Yuko Takeuchi . The film is the fourth in the so-called `` Boku Series '' starring Kusanagi , and the first to based on a book . Much of the staff of the other three films continued their work on this film . 1,778 Stories of Me and My Wife was released in Japanese cinemas on 15 January 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be25730fc0125cbea79e58ff5a3dbd3c", "text": "Nandini (TV series) Nandhini is an South Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV , Surya TV , Gemini TV and Udaya TV channels . It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India . Nithya Ram , Baby Adhitri , Malavika Wales and Rahul Ravi are the main protagonists of the series . The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and South-Indian actress Kushboo . The show has been praised and well received by the audience , becoming a huge success and India 's most watched television series in a matter of weeks since it first aired . The show airs every Monday to Saturday at 9:00 PM & 10.30 AM ( Sun tv re-telecast ) ( IST ) on Sun TV and Gemini TV . From Monday to Friday at 9:00 PM ( IST ) on Surya TV and Monday to Friday at 8:30 PM ( IST ) on Udaya TV in Tamil , Malayalam , Telugu and Kannada , respectively . In Sri Lanka Monday to Friday at 10.00 pm on Shakthi TV . It is edited by National award winner N. B. Srikanth and his long time associate C. M. Selvakumar .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2931e25fff6e0be7c99c4af8a6f29c47", "text": "Come Home and Meet My Wife Romanzo popolare ( internationally released as Come Home and Meet My Wife ) is a 1973 Italian comedy drama film directed by Mario Monicelli . The film won the David di Donatello for Best Script .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "60bcb92395a619fa3e5ea3f4ec9e54b7", "text": "Ardhangi Ardhangi ( English : Wife ; ) is a 1955 Telugu , drama film , produced & directed by P. Pullaiah on Ragini Pictures banner . Starring Akkineni Nageswara Rao , Savitri in the lead roles and music jointly composed by Master Venu & B.Narasimha Rao . The film is based on Bengali novel Swayamsidda written by Manilal Banerjee . The film recorded as Super Hit at the box office . The film has received the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Telugu and the Filmfare Award for Best Film - Telugu . The film was remade in Tamil as Pennin Perumai in Hindi twice as Bahurani in 1963 and as Jyoti in 1981 , as Bengali movie of the same name . The story of Swayamsiddha was also similar to the Kannada novel Mallammana Pavaada by B. Puttaswamayya which was adapted into 1969 movie titled Mallammana Pavaada for which screenplay was written by the director of this movie P. Pullaiah based on this movie . The Kannada novel Mallammana Pavaada also inspired the 1987 Tamil movie Enga Chinna Rasa which went on to be remade in Telugu as Abbaigaru , in Hindi as Beta , in Kannada as Annayya and in Oriya as Santan ( 1998 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f8dd8efb193f5d8a5c1f550dca106011", "text": "Mother! Mother ! ( stylized as mother ! ) is an upcoming American black comedy psychological thriller film , written and directed by Darren Aronofsky . It stars Jennifer Lawrence , Javier Bardem , Michelle Pfeiffer , Domhnall Gleeson , Ed Harris and Kristen Wiig . Paramount Pictures plans to release the film on October 13 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4228784c8b68d57f77a990aead0c1f86", "text": "Maaf, Saya Menghamili Istri Anda Maaf , Saya Menghamili Istri Anda ( Sorry , I 've Impregnated Your Wife ) is a 2007 Indonesia film written and directed by Monty Tiwa .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "08cdafffeb0a265e23b584be8e69d30b", "text": "Nezha (2017 film) Nezha ( Chinese : 大闹东海 ) is an upcoming Chinese fantasy comedy film directed and written by Jeffery Lau , based on the Chinese mythology of Nezha . It stars Leo Wu as the titular character . The film is slated for release in 2017 and will be available in 3D .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6fc8cd05660fc12ea9516dcfe0b7b6ef", "text": "Balu Mahi Balu Mahi is a 2017 Pakistani romantic comedy film directed by Haissam Hussain , the film is produced by Sadia Jabbar and it is written by Saad Azhar . The Film will be distributed by A-Plus Films in Pakistan and Grand Showbiz Media will distribute the film Internationally .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d60a48969494084807b51ba8d206c2f3", "text": "Beti No.1 \| music = Viju Shah \| cinematography = Dr. Prasad Babu \| editing = Tony Glaad \| distributor = S K Enterprise Haslingden LTD \| released = \| runtime = \| budget = \| gross = \| country = India \| language = Hindi -RCB- -RCB- Beti No. 1 ( Daughter No. 1 ) is a 2000 Bollywood comedy-drama film , written by Santosh Saroj and directed by Rama Rao Tatineni . It was released on 13 October 2000 . The film is a remake of Malayalam film Aadyathe Kanmani . The film features Govinda , Rambha , Aruna Irani and Johnny Lever in pivotal roles , while Prem Chopra , Ashok Saraf , Laxmikant Berde and Rakesh Bedi appear in supporting roles . well known villain Prem Chopra played a rare positive role in this film .", "title": "" } ]	fever
c4775ede114685153825da14099b78d5	Keanu Reeves was in the movie Dangerous Liaisons in 2010.	[ { "docid": "73fa54084f1f6a841e01e4c7ab5f26da", "text": "Keanu Reeves Keanu Charles Reeves ( -LSB- kiːˈɑːnuː -RSB- ; born September 2 , 1964 ) is a Canadian actor , director , producer , and musician . Reeves is best known for his acting career , beginning in 1985 and spanning more than three decades . He gained fame for his starring role performances in several blockbuster films including comedies from the Bill and Ted franchise ( 1989 -- 1991 ) ; action thrillers Point Break ( 1991 ) , Speed ( 1994 ) , and the John Wick franchise ; psychological thriller The Devil 's Advocate ( 1997 ) ; supernatural thriller Constantine ( 2005 ) ; and science fiction/action series The Matrix ( 1999 -- 2003 ) . He has also appeared in dramatic films such as Dangerous Liaisons ( 1988 ) , My Own Private Idaho ( 1991 ) , and Little Buddha ( 1993 ) , as well as the romantic horror Bram Stoker 's Dracula ( 1992 ) . Since becoming active in the film industry , Reeves has earned critical acclaim . One New York Times critic praised Reeves ' versatility , saying that he `` displays considerable discipline and range ... he moves easily between the buttoned-down demeanor that suits a police procedural story and the loose-jointed manner of his comic roles '' . However , Reeves has spent much of his later career being typecast . A recurring character arc in many roles he has portrayed is one of saving the world , as can be seen in the characters of Ted Logan , Buddha , Neo , Johnny Mnemonic , John Constantine , and Klaatu . His acting has garnered several awards , including a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame . During his film career , Reeves has engaged in several forms of artistic expression . Active as a musician for over a decade , he played bass guitar for the bands Dogstar and Becky . Acting onstage , he performed as Prince Hamlet for the Manitoba Theatre Centre 's production of Hamlet . He wrote the text for a picture book , Ode to Happiness , illustrated by Alexandra Grant . He has also produced a documentary , Side by Side , and directed the martial arts film Man of Tai Chi .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c5144188456140c70c8270d93489a401", "text": "Dangerous Liaisons Dangerous Liaisons is a 1988 American historical drama film based upon Christopher Hampton 's play Les liaisons dangereuses , which in turn was a theatrical adaptation of the 18th-century French novel Les Liaisons dangereuses by Pierre Choderlos de Laclos . The film was directed by Stephen Frears . The performances of Glenn Close , John Malkovich and Michelle Pfeiffer , the cinematography of Philippe Rousselot , the costume design by James Acheson , and the screenplay by Christopher Hampton , garnered critical acclaim . Swoosie Kurtz , Mildred Natwick and Peter Capaldi appeared in supporting roles , as did the young , and then-relatively unknown , actors Keanu Reeves and Uma Thurman . The film was nominated for seven Academy Awards , including Best Picture ; it won those for Best Adapted Screenplay , Best Costume Design , and Best Art Direction .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "f6c7cd7ab7346bd37a6dac0a7e126082", "text": "Keanna Reeves Keanna Reeves ( born Janet Derecho Duterte September 24 , 1970 ) is a Filipina actress . Reeves first gained national attention and notoriety in the Philippines for revealing she was a private escort girl service in December 2004 , and confessing that lawmakers were among her clients .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ba9e972767186b59a8a7ed4b11a57120", "text": "Mission London Mission London is a 2010 comedy film directed by Dimitar Mitovski and starring Alan Ford , Lee Nicholas Harris and Ralph Brown .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c481b95b1ef86ebfedd22adae9063438", "text": "Catch .44 Catch .44 is a 2011 American crime thriller film starring Forest Whitaker , Bruce Willis , Malin Åkerman , Nikki Reed , Deborah Ann Woll , and Brad Dourif . The film is written and directed by Aaron Harvey .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ccd1f6917e7da5a86046ef187c814d4f", "text": "A Dangerous Method A Dangerous Method is a 2011 German-Canadian-American-British historical film directed by David Cronenberg and starring Keira Knightley , Viggo Mortensen , Michael Fassbender , and Vincent Cassel . The screenplay was adapted by writer Christopher Hampton from his 2002 stage play The Talking Cure , which was based on the 1993 non-fiction book by John Kerr , A Most Dangerous Method : The story of Jung , Freud , and Sabina Spielrein . The film marks the third consecutive collaboration between Cronenberg and Viggo Mortensen ( after A History of Violence and Eastern Promises ) . This is also the third Cronenberg film made with British film producer Jeremy Thomas , after completing together the William Burroughs adaptation Naked Lunch and the J. G. Ballard adaptation Crash . A Dangerous Method was a German/Canadian co-production . The film premiered at the 68th Venice Film Festival and was also featured at the 2011 Toronto International Film Festival . Set on the eve of World War I , A Dangerous Method describes the turbulent relationships between Carl Jung , founder of analytical psychology ; Sigmund Freud , founder of the discipline of psychoanalysis ; and Sabina Spielrein , initially a patient of Jung and later a physician and one of the first female psychoanalysts . Among the film 's many honors , Mortensen was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor -- Motion Picture for his portrayal of Freud .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4004e2a2a398b5b185b04acf6bd6e938", "text": "Tetro Tetro is a 2009 American-Argentine drama film written , directed and produced by Francis Ford Coppola and starring Vincent Gallo , Alden Ehrenreich and Maribel Verdú . Filming took place in 2008 in Buenos Aires , Patagonia , and Spain . Tetro received a limited release in the United States on June 11 , 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "88cab0f948f08c1d33c924530d0f77da", "text": "Housewives from Another World Housewives from Another World is a 2010 American made for cable erotic film directed by Fred Olen Ray ( under the pseudonym name Nicholas Juan Medina ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6811a4594ea327858487e64e12bd66ca", "text": "Paano Na Kaya Paano Na Kaya ( lit : What if ? ) is a 2010 Filipino romance film directed by Ruel S. Bayani and starring Kim Chiu and Gerald Anderson . The film was released by Star Cinema . The film also had international screenings in San Francisco , CA , Los Angeles , CA , San Diego , CA , Seattle , WA , Jersey City , NJ , Honolulu , HI , Chicago , IL , Las Vegas , NV , Guam and many other cities around the world . The film is now available in DVD and VCD worldwide via ABS-CBN International 's Starry Starry Store .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a1f7deadfaa275f35ce9b3aaac7d2ac1", "text": "Déjà Vu (2006 film) Déjà Vu ( stylised onscreen without accents ) is a 2006 American science fiction thriller film directed by Tony Scott , written by Bill Marsilii and Terry Rossio , and produced by Jerry Bruckheimer . The film stars Denzel Washington , Paula Patton , Jim Caviezel , Val Kilmer , Adam Goldberg and Bruce Greenwood . It involves an ATF agent who travels back in time in attempts to prevent a domestic terrorist attack that takes place in New Orleans and to save a woman with whom he falls in love . Filming took place in New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina . The film was premiered in New York City on November 20 , 2006 , and released widely in the United States and Canada two days later on November 22 , 2006 . It received mixed reviews from critics , and earning $ 64 million in the United States and $ 180 million worldwide . It was the 23rd most successful film worldwide for 2006 . The film was nominated for five awards , and also won the Golden Reel Award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ba2e1b0c0300f70c13081ed492ace87", "text": "This Woman Is Dangerous This Woman Is Dangerous is a 1952 American film noir crime-drama by Warner Bros. starring Joan Crawford , David Brian , and Dennis Morgan in a story about a gun moll 's romances with two different men . The screenplay by Geoffrey Homes and George Worthing Yates was based on a story by Bernard Girard . The film was directed by Felix E. Feist and produced by Robert Sisk . Soon after the film was released , Crawford left Warner Bros. studio . In 1973 , during the `` Legendary Ladies '' show at Town Hall , when asked , `` Which one of your films do you regret making ? '' Joan Crawford told the audience that she considered This Woman Is Dangerous her worst film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc08b670381982b45e9a3bc34d5d9d91", "text": "The Devil's Advocate (1997 film) The Devil 's Advocate ( marketed as Devil 's Advocate ) is a 1997 American supernatural drama thriller film based on Andrew Neiderman 's novel of the same name . It is directed by Taylor Hackford , and stars Keanu Reeves , Al Pacino and Charlize Theron . The film 's title is a reference to the commonly used phrase `` devil 's advocate '' , and Pacino 's character is named after the author of Paradise Lost , John Milton . The movie has some minor allusions to Milton 's epic , such as the famous quotation `` Better to reign in Hell than serve in Heaven . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee5f3fd9ce4a5659b4a61826101ba52e", "text": "Michael Jackson's Vision Michael Jackson 's Vision is a deluxe DVD box set by American recording artist Michael Jackson . It was released on November 22 , 2010 by Epic Records , Legacy Recordings , and Jackson 's own label , MJJ Productions . It includes three DVDs , featuring 4.5 hours of content of 42 music videos with newly restored color and remastered audio . Jackson referred to each of these productions as a `` short film '' and not a music video . This is the first time that all of Jackson 's videos have been released on DVD . According to a statement by the producers , the video recognizes Jackson 's `` pioneering short films that transformed the entertainment industry with timeless , pop culture classics '' . Disc one features videos from the albums Off the Wall , Thriller and Bad and disc two features videos from the albums Dangerous , HIStory : Past , Present and Future , Book I , Blood on the Dance Floor : HIStory in the Mix and Invincible . The third disc , which is a bonus disc , features seven videos . Michael Jackson 's Vision includes the full-length versions of the John Landis-directed `` Thriller '' and `` Black or White '' as well as the classic `` Bad '' directed by Academy Award winning filmmaker Martin Scorsese . Also included in the boxed set are Jackson 's collaborations with other noted film directors such as John Singleton , Spike Lee and David Fincher as well as `` Ghosts , '' his rarely seen collaboration with special effects legend Stan Winston . Michael Jackson 's Vision is available in a limited edition boxed set featuring a 60-page glossy hard-bound book that includes behind-the-scenes photos from Jackson 's videos , which includes information for each video including : songwriter , album , director , production date , location and photography . Ten music videos previously unavailable on DVD including `` One More Chance '' are included . It was also released on the iTunes Store and has iTunes LP features . The videos `` Smooth Criminal '' , `` Speed Demon '' , `` Come Together '' , and `` Leave Me Alone '' come from Jackson 's 1988 film Moonwalker . The `` Smooth Criminal '' segment is actually over 40 minutes long but only the 10-minute song and dance scene is featured . The video `` Another Part of Me '' is from Jackson 's Bad World Tour and `` Will You Be There '' is from the Dangerous World Tour . The `` HIStory '' video is the only short film that is not included in this box set . The original music video of `` Blood on the Dance Floor '' is replaced with the Refugee Camp Mix for unknown reasons . The videos for The Jacksons ' songs `` Torture '' and `` Body '' are also not included , because Michael did not appear in either of them , despite having a verse in each of them . Also not included is the music video for The Jacksons ' `` 2300 Jackson Street '' . On February 15 , 2011 , Michael Jackson 's Vision was certified 5 × Platinum by RIAA for the sales of over 0.5 million units in the United States . On December 31 , 2010 , it was also certified Diamond in France ( for the sales of over 60 000 units ) and 2 × Platinum in Australia . On May 29 , 2011 , it was also certified Gold in New Zealand . It has been also certified Gold in Austria and Platinum in Poland . Reception over the video and audio quality of the box set has been mixed . As the videos are played in 16:9 , videos with a 4:3 aspect ratio are pillarboxed and as a result the resolution is lower than some previous DVDs . Also , the audio is mixed in PCM stereo instead of 5.1 Surround as in many previous DVDs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "61082ca37d49ef2b12e98614f368d42d", "text": "Let the Game Begin Let the Game Begin is a 2010 American romantic comedy from Twisted Light Productions , directed by Amit Gupta . The film stars CSI : Miami actor Adam Rodriguez and Stephen Baldwin . The film was released in Australia on May 5 , 2010 , and was released in other countries in 2010 and 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7c1b2bf109adafbf1de048f84a44eec4", "text": "Trust (2010 film) Trust is a 2010 American drama thriller film directed by David Schwimmer and based on a screenplay by Andy Bellin and Robert Festinger , and an uncredited story by Schwimmer . It stars Viola Davis , Clive Owen , Catherine Keener , Jason Clarke , and Liana Liberato . The film is about a teenage girl who becomes a victim of sexual abuse when she befriends a man on the Internet .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "43b952be9977c135e8c98dbbbdf16134", "text": "British Academy Television Awards 2010 The 2010 British Academy Television Awards were held on 6 June 2010 . The nominations were announced on 10 May . This year new awards were added including the award for Best Actor/Actress in a Supporting Role . Graham Norton hosted the ceremony . Winners are in bold .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f7da0ea522c814afebdbde2cd0784524", "text": "In the Shadows (2010 film) In the Shadows ( Im Schatten ) is a 2010 German crime film directed by Thomas Arslan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "86b18dfe61ab6fbe6f85db1241ac2a0d", "text": "A Long Ride from Hell A Long Ride from Hell , in the original Italian known as Vivo per la tua morte ( literally `` I Live For Your Death ! '' ) , is a 1968 film directed by Camillo Bazzoni . It was based on the novel Judas Gun by Gordon D. Shirreffs . The film was bodybuilder Steve Reeves ' final film prior to his retirement . Reeves financed the film himself upon seeing the successful box office returns of the Clint Eastwood spaghetti westerns at the time , but the film did poorly and Reeves retired from filmmaking that year . Reeves portrays cowboy Mike Sturges , who , along with his younger brother , Roy , are sentenced to Yuma Penitentiary on a trumped-up train robbery charge . Both endure cruel treatment before Mike escapes to exact revenge on their enemies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "88a64e1f33ff3858c26086a9a1ad1d7f", "text": "Country Strong Country Strong ( originally titled Love Do n't Let Me Down ) is a 2010 drama film starring Gwyneth Paltrow , Tim McGraw , Garrett Hedlund , and Leighton Meester . The film , about an emotionally unstable country music star who attempts to resurrect her career , was directed and written by American filmmaker Shana Feste . It premiered in Nashville , Tennessee on November 8 , 2010 , and had a wide release in the United States on January 7 , 2011 . This is the second film in which McGraw and Hedlund have worked together , the first being Friday Night Lights in 2004 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3069a96ae73a386fbac1c316e0b448d7", "text": "Live in Bucharest: The Dangerous Tour Live in Bucharest : The Dangerous Tour is a live concert DVD by American recording artist Michael Jackson released on July 25 , 2005 . The DVD was previously included with The Ultimate Collection box set in 2004 . The concert took place during Jackson 's first leg on his Dangerous World Tour on October 1 , 1992 at the Bucharest National Stadium , with a sold-out attendance of 90,000 . This concert is the first concert by Jackson that has been officially released on DVD in the United States , also released in Asia market on double Video CD . The other official releases by Michael Jackson is a VHS of his HIStory World Tour concert in Seoul , South Korea , and it was released only in South Korea in 1996 , and Live at Wembley July 16 , 1988 , which is the second leg of his Bad World Tour . There are various versions of the footage of the same concert that exist . The first version was broadcast the next day by BBC ; following Jackson 's death , this version was rebroadcast on BNN/Ned3 . All the footage in this version is from the Bucharest concert . The version that appears on the DVD was broadcast on HBO in 1992 , which became the highest audience in the channel 's history for a single broadcast . This version , while mostly having footage of Jackson performing at the Bucharest Concert ( some in alternate camera angles in comparison to the BBC version ) , also consisted of footage from concerts in other locations such as Madrid and London . Also missing were the `` Brace Yourself '' video introduction and the `` We Are the World Interlude , '' which were included in the original BBC Telecast . The crowd screaming and intro before `` Wan na Be Startin ' Somethin' '' is featured in Michael 's 2010 song `` Behind the Mask '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b82c80da570fe4a800ba07c5405a58bc", "text": "Dance Star Dance Star is a 2010 British dance musical film set in Essex , UK . It was written and directed by Steven M. Smith . The cast includes Bruce Payne , Megan Little Vivien Creegor and Jon-Paul Gates .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5ce5e731727104fde330f001c396650f", "text": "The Dangerous Liaisons The Dangerous Liaisons is an opera in two acts and eight scenes , with music by Conrad Susa to an English libretto by Philip Littell . It is based on the novel Les Liaisons dangereuses by Pierre Choderlos de Laclos . The opera received its first performance by the San Francisco Opera on 10 September 1994 , with stage direction by Colin Graham and Donald Runnicles as the conductor . The world-premiere cast included Thomas Hampson as Valmont , Frederica von Stade as Merteuil , David Hobson as Chevalier de Danceny , Renée Fleming as Tourvel and Mary Mills as Cécile de Volanges . The opera was performed at Washington Opera in March 1998 . The opera has set numbers with recitative and spoken dialog . It is set in France in the 18th century and was also aired on the American PBS television network , a video recording of which was also made .", "title": "" } ]	fever
677316d0ce138b6d41976fa38d325fb3	Loving was withheld by Focus Features.	[ { "docid": "3380c841e3535281569af94965952d20", "text": "Loving (2016 film) Loving is a 2016 American historical drama film which tells the story of Richard and Mildred Loving , the plaintiffs in the 1967 U.S. Supreme Court decision Loving v. Virginia , which invalidated state laws prohibiting interracial marriage . The film was produced by Big Beach and Raindog Films , and distributed by Focus Features . The film takes inspiration from The Loving Story ( 2011 ) by Nancy Buirski , a documentary which follows the Lovings and their landmark case . The film was directed by Jeff Nichols , who also wrote the screenplay . Joel Edgerton stars as Richard Loving , with Ruth Negga co-starring as Mildred Loving . Marton Csokas , Nick Kroll , and Michael Shannon are all featured in supporting roles . Principal photography began in Richmond , Virginia on September 16 , 2015 and ended on November 19 . The locations used for Loving were mainly based in Richmond , also in King and Queen County , Caroline County , Central Point , and Bowling Green . Loving began a limited release in the United States on November 4 , 2016 , before a wide release on November 11 , 2016 . The film received positive reviews , and was named one of the best films of 2016 by several media outlets . The film was selected to compete for the Palme d'Or at the 2016 Cannes Film Festival , and was nominated for numerous awards , including a Golden Globe nomination for Best Actor for Edgerton and Academy Award and Golden Globe nominations for Negga .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "cdaae1d15948efaec34f8ee3ced8b56d", "text": "Amour Amour ( French for love ) may refer to : Amour ( 1970 film ) , a Danish film Amour ( 2012 film ) , a French-language film directed by Michael Haneke Amour ( musical ) , a 1997 stage musical by Michel Legrand Amour ( Stockhausen ) , a 1974 -- 76 cycle of clarinet pieces by Karlheinz Stockhausen Amour ( Vidhan Sabha constituency ) , an assembly constituency in Purnia district , Bihar , India Amour Patrick Tignyemb ( born 1985 ) , Cameroonian footballer `` Amour '' , a song by Rammstein from Reise , Reise", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6cfc3a7bfed27a16c45ea34f8d3af8e0", "text": "The Look of Love (Madonna song) `` The Look of Love '' is a song by American singer Madonna from the soundtrack album to the 1987 film Who 's That Girl . It was the third and final single release from the album and was released on November 25 , 1987 by Sire Records . While shooting for the film , then called Slammer , Madonna had requested that producer Patrick Leonard develop a downtempo song that captured the nature of her film persona . She later wrote the lyrics and melody to the backing track developed by Leonard , and the song became `` The Look of Love '' . Madonna was also inspired by actor James Stewart 's performance in the 1954 film Rear Window . Featuring instrumentation from percussion , the song begins with a low bass synth line and a slow backing track , followed by Madonna singing the lyrics . Critically appreciated as a haunting track and noted as a `` gem '' on the album , `` The Look of Love '' reached the top ten of the charts in Belgium , Ireland , the Netherlands and the United Kingdom . It also charted in France , Germany and Switzerland , while reaching the top 20 of the Eurochart Hot 100 Singles . Madonna 's only live performances of the song were on her Who 's That Girl World Tour in 1987 . During the performance Madonna pretended that she was lost on the stage , like her film character .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1f1b96398d896062a9ef31f86d1699f4", "text": "Sexual field A sexual field is an arena of social life whereby individuals seek intimate partners and vie for sexual status . Sexual fields emerge `` when a subset of actors with potential romantic or sexual interest orient themselves toward one another according to a logic of desirability imminent to their collective relations and -LSB- wherein -RSB- this logic produces , to greater and lesser degrees , a system of stratification '' ( Green 2014:27 ) . The term builds on Pierre Bourdieu 's ( 1980 ) concept of field and has been defined as a `` set of interlocking institutions '' ( Martin and George 2006 ) and an `` institutionalized matrix of relations '' ( Green 2005 , 2008 , 2011 ) that confers status upon sexual actors based on individual variation in sexual capital . Relative to those with a sexual capital deficit , actors in possession of sexual capital reap the rewards of the sexual field -- including the ability to select desired sexual partners and the acquisition of social significance . Sexual fields are themselves distinguished by distinct `` currencies of erotic capital '' ( Green 2005 , 2008 ) , the latter which are quite variable , acquiring dominance in relation to the collective preferences of players . For example , Green ( 2005 , 2008 ) argues that the characteristics which confer sexual capital in one field may not in another . Thus , in a gay leather bar , a bearded , stocky white man in his late-thirties dressed in Levi 's jeans and a leather jacket will possess an optimal form of sexual capital , whereas the same man in a swanky Martini bar catering to a twenty-something , high-fashion , urban gay customer base will face a sexual capital deficit . This variation in power and status occurs because a gay leather bar and a gay Martini bar are physical sites organized by the logic of two distinct sexual fields with contrasting currencies of sexual capital ( Green 2005 , 2008 ) -- i.e. , distinct `` hegemonic systems of judgment '' ( Martin and George 2006 ) . For sociological theory , the study of the sexual field in the sexual fields framework offers a framework for analyzing how collective attributions of desire and desirability are shaped by the sexual field itself . That is , rather than see desire and desirability as a simple function of individual wants and judgments , the sexual fields framework suggests that such wants and judgments are the consequence of sexual social life . In this approach , the sexual field acts back on what we find desirable such that desires and desirability are regarded as field effects ( Green 2014 ) . To the extent that sexual stratification is related to but not isomorphic with the structure of alternative fields , so the study of sexual fields can not be subsumed to the study of an economic or political field , for example . Nevertheless , to the extent that race , class , gender , ethnicity , age and ability , among others , are organizing features of sexual status within a given sexual field , so the relationship of sexual fields to broader historical systems of stratification requires consideration ( Green 2005 , 2008 , 2011 . 2014 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a139eddecd5361695c6ccc977a169a4b", "text": "Attachment measures Attachment measures refer to the various procedures used to assess attachment in children and adults . Researchers have developed various ways of assessing patterns of attachment in children . A variety of methods allow children to be classified into four attachment pattern groups : secure , anxious-ambivalent , anxious-avoidant , and disorganized/disoriented , or assess disorders of attachment . These patterns are also referred to as Secure ( Group B ) ; Anxious/Resistant ( Group C ) ; Avoidant ( Group A ) and Disorganized/Controlling ( Group D ) . The disorganized/controlling attachment classification is thought to represent a breakdown in the attachment-caregiving partnership such that the child does not have an organized behavioral or representational strategy to achieve protection and care from the attachment figure . Each pattern group is further broken down into several sub-categories . A child classified with the disorganized/controlling attachment will be given a `` next best fit '' organized classification . Attachment in adults is commonly measured using the Adult Attachment Interview , the Adult Attachment Projective Picture System , and self-report questionnaires . Self-report questionnaires assess attachment style , a personality dimension that describes attitudes about relationships with romantic partners . Adult attachment style is thought to be similar to childhood attachment patterns . There is some research that shows a link between childhood attachment patterns and attachment personality dimensions with romantic partners , but correlations are mild to moderate . The most common approach to defining attachment style is a two-dimension approach in defining attachment style . One dimension deals with anxiety about the relationship , and the other dimension dealing with avoidance in the relationship . Another approach defines four adult attachment style categories : secure , preoccupied , dismissive-avoidant , and fearful-avoidant .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3714e66923cec736f947a9de7bd5357d", "text": "Love Story (novel) Love Story is a 1970 romance novel by American writer Erich Segal . The book 's origins lay in a screenplay that Segal wrote , and that was subsequently approved for production by Paramount Pictures . Paramount requested that Segal adapt the story into novel form as a preview of sorts for the film . The novel was released on February 14 , 1970 , Valentine 's Day . Portions of the story originally appeared in The Ladies ' Home Journal . Love Story became the top-selling work of fiction for all of 1970 in the United States , and was translated into more than 20 languages . The novel stayed for 41 weeks in The New York Times Best Seller list , reaching the top spot . A sequel , Oliver 's Story , was published in 1977 . The film ( Love Story ) was released on December 16 , 1970 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e33b097fdfa2393bef0ea9bcd75da940", "text": "Romantic racism Romantic racism is a form of racism in which members of a dominant group project their fantasies onto members of oppressed groups . Feminist scholars have accused Norman Mailer , Jack Kerouac , and other Beatnik authors of the 1950s of romantic racism . They maintain that the dominant mainstream culture of the 1950s in the United States stressed conformity and held up middle-class suburban families as the cultural ideal , and that it was indifferent to art and literature , upheld racial segregation , and despised or ignored black achievements , such as jazz . Those , like the novelist Norman Mailer , who felt limited by or alienated from mainstream culture , sought out influences from other cultures as form of rebellion . Mailer , a great fan of jazz music , created his concept of what it meant to be `` hip , '' or a member of the white urban counterculture , largely on his perception of the culture of urban African-Americans ( with whom the expression `` hip '' , meaning `` in the know '' , originated ) and articulated his vision in his essay `` The White Negro . '' Mailer , who considered himself an opponent of Victorian sexual repression and regimentation , idealized what he saw as the sexual and other freedoms of minority and other counter-cultural groups , overlooking the fact that in these groups sexual exploitation of women sometimes occurred.These critics consider his depictions of what he imagines African-American life to be like as an instance of what they call `` romantic racism '' , contending that he implies that in urban ghettoes -- filled with sex , drugs , and violence -- life is somehow enriched , rather than hurt , by poverty and crime . Mailer 's essay has also been criticized for spreading the stereotype of African-American men as hypermasculine and hypersexual .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "33a9611aaceab1f5fc79bb06b9e72b42", "text": "Heavy metal lyrics Heavy metal lyrics are the words used in songs by heavy metal music bands , groups and artists . Given that there are many genres of heavy metal , it is difficult to make generalizations about the lyrics and lyrical themes . In 1989 , two metal scholars wrote that heavy metal lyrics concentrate `` on dark and depressing subject matter to an extent hitherto unprecedented '' in any form of popular music . Jeffrey Arnett states that metal songs are `` overwhelmingly dominated '' by `` ugly and unhappy '' themes which express `` no hope '' for the future . Deena Weinstein has proposed one way to analyze metal song themes is loosely grouping them into two categories : the Dionysian theme ( a reference to the Roman God of wine ) , which celebrates `` sex , drugs and rock and roll '' , partying , and enjoyment of life and the Chaotic theme , which involves dark subjects such as Hell , injustice , mayhem , carnage and death . Not all metal genres fall into Weinstein 's two theme model ; for example power metal 's lyrical themes often focus on fantasy and mythology , camaraderie and hope , personal struggles and emotions , among other themes . Another exception is pop metal bands , which replaced `` gloom and doom '' themes with `` positive , upbeat '' songs about romantic love and relationships , part of their goal of appealing more to female listeners . In metal overall , the small number of metal songs about relationships are typically about unions that have `` gone sour '' long ago . The thematic content of heavy metal lyrics has long been a target of criticism . According to Jon Pareles , `` Heavy metal 's main subject matter is simple and virtually universal . With grunts , moans and subliterary lyrics , it celebrates ... a party without limits ... -LSB- T -RSB- he bulk of the music is stylized and formulaic . '' Music critics have often deemed metal lyrics juvenile and banal , and others have objected to what they see as advocacy of misogyny and the occult . During the 1980s , the Parents Music Resource Center ( PMRC ) petitioned the U.S. Congress to regulate the popular music industry due to what the group asserted were objectionable lyrics , particularly those in heavy metal songs . The PMRC used music professor Joe Stuessy to testify against metal . Professor Stuessy alleged that heavy metal songs focus on violence , substance abuse , perversion , S&M , and Satanism . Robert Walser analyzed 88 metal songs ' themes to determine if Professor Stuessy 's claims were valid . In Walser 's analysis , the dominant theme in the metal songs was `` longing for intensity '' ; he found that the negative themes described by Stuessy and the PMRC were uncommon . Jeffrey Arnett analysed the lyrics from 115 metal songs : he found that the top three messages were `` grim ... themes '' about violence , angst and protest . Metal artists have had to defend their lyrics in front of the U.S. Senate and in courtrooms . In 1985 , Twisted Sister frontman Dee Snider was asked to defend his song Under the Blade at a U.S. Senate hearing . In 1986 , Ozzy Osbourne was sued because of the lyrics of his song Suicide Solution . In 1990 , Judas Priest was sued in American court by the parents of two young men who had shot themselves five years earlier , allegedly after hearing the subliminal statement `` do it '' in a Priest song . While the case attracted a great deal of media attention , it was ultimately dismissed . In some predominantly Muslim countries , heavy metal has been officially denounced as a threat to traditional values . In countries such as Morocco , Egypt , Lebanon , and Malaysia , there have been incidents of heavy metal musicians and fans being arrested and incarcerated .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fda7fe56d194f08b1bd510012f2a2cd3", "text": "Your Love (Brandon Heath song) `` Your Love '' is a song by contemporary Christian musician Brandon Heath from his third album , Leaving Eden . It was released on September 14 , 2010 as the first single from the album . This song achieved the No. 1 spot on the Christian Songs Chart on January 22 , 2011 , and was on the chart for 27 weeks . In addition , the song got to No. 20 on the Heatseekers Songs Chart on February 5 , 2011 , and was on the chart for three weeks . This song was the No. 5 song of the year on the Christian Songs chart . `` Your Love '' is nominated for Best Contemporary Christian Music Song at the 54th Grammy Awards . `` Your Love '' also features on the compilation album WOW Hits 2012 , and the film soundtrack Courageous .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "113e92a8d9cd8d935b9451879c89e081", "text": "Secrets of Sex Secrets of Sex ( 1969 , released 1970 ) , also known as Bizarre , is a British film , directed by Antony Balch , an experimental filmmaker and frequent collaborator with William S. Burroughs . The film is narrated by an Egyptian mummy ( voiced by Valentine Dyall ) . After directing the Burroughs-influenced shorts Towers Open Fire ( 1963 ) and The Cut Ups ( 1967 ) , Balch approached producer Richard Gordon in 1968 to direct an anthology film running just over an hour , titled Multiplication . After the script was rewritten to bring the film up to feature length and the budget doubled ( 32,000 pounds ) filming took place over 14 weeks in 1969 . Released in February 1970 , it was a huge success in the UK , running for six months at the Jacey Cinema in Piccadilly Circus alone , during which time it recouped its entire production cost . The film remained in circulation in the UK throughout the 1970s , sometimes appearing in a half hour edited version that played on the second half of double-bills . Five writers are credited with the script , although several other people , including Brion Gysin and Ian Cullen ( writer of Cruel Passion ( 1977 ) and husband of Yvonne Quenet , who plays Mary-Claire in the film ) also claimed to have worked on the writing . Many of the actresses who appear nude in the film , such as Nicole Austin and Maria Frost , were mainly topless models who had begun to get minor acting roles in British sex and horror films of the period . Frost , who plays Lindy Leigh in the film , was so horrified she 'd been given a major role in the film that she reportedly told Balch `` I 'm a model , I ca n't act . '' She had previously appeared in two Harrison Marks shorts , Maria and Scouts Honour . The dinosaur sculptures that feature in the `` Strange Young Man '' segment are the famous Crystal Palace Dinosaurs . Commenting on the film in an unpublished 1975 interview , Balch claimed `` this is a very uneven film , but three episodes and a single shot , are good . I liked the ones with the photographer , Elliot Stein , and the Lady in the Greenhouse . The episode of the monster baby is a bore , but the single shot of it , at the end is brilliant . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "84bdc49bddc17f2f58812158e0996de7", "text": "Dear Heaven Dear Heaven ( ; also known as Love in Heaven ) is a South Korean television series starring Yoon Jung-hee , Lee Tae-gon , Cho Yeon-woo , Lee Soo-kyung , and Wang Bit-na . It aired on SBS from September 10 , 2005 to July 2 , 2006 on Saturdays and Sundays at 20:45 for 85 episodes . According to AGB Nielsen Media Research , it was the 5th highest rated TV program in Korea for the year 2006 , with an average rating of 28.3 % , and a peak rating of 44.5 % . The popular soap opera invited both criticism and high ratings for its provocative plot . The story revolved around a middle-aged woman who introduces her handsome news anchor stepson to her abandoned daughter , who had led a miserable life because of a cruel stepmother . It triggered controversy when the woman was revealed as the girl 's biological mother . Viewers were divided on whether it was `` immoral '' and `` incestuous '' or a fresh take on relationship dramas , but director Lee Young-hee insisted that the show 's theme was `` deep maternal love , with a mother reclaiming her own daughter as a daughter-in-law in order to atone for having abandoned her as a baby . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c89bb83ccb2ffdfdc64bf83d3ebe5226", "text": "The Last Time I Saw Paris For the 1942 book , see Elliot Paul . The Last Time I Saw Paris is a 1954 romantic drama made by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer . It is loosely based on F. Scott Fitzgerald 's short story `` Babylon Revisited . '' It was directed by Richard Brooks , produced by Jack Cummings and filmed on locations in Paris and the MGM backlot . The screenplay was by Julius J. Epstein , Philip G. Epstein and Richard Brooks . The film starred Elizabeth Taylor and Van Johnson in his last role for MGM , with Walter Pidgeon , Donna Reed , Eva Gabor , Kurt Kasznar , George Dolenz , Sandy Descher , Odette , and ( a then-unknown ) Roger Moore in his Hollywood debut . The film 's title song , by composer Jerome Kern and lyricist Oscar Hammerstein II , was already a classic when the movie was made and inspired the movie 's title . Though the song had already won an Oscar after its film debut in 1941 's Lady Be Good , it is featured much more prominently in The Last Time I Saw Paris . It can be heard in many scenes , either being sung by Odette or being played as an instrumental . The film was released in 1954 ; however , there was an error with the Roman numerals in the copyright notice showing `` MCMXLIV '' ( 1944 ) , meaning the term of copyright started 10 years before the film was released . Thus , the normal 28-year copyright term ended just 18 years after the film was released , and MGM neglected to renew it presumably because they believed there was still 10 years left in the term . The film entered the public domain in the United States in 1972 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "03b9fb4ee0fbb460147cb4bfbf5e9550", "text": "Love Letter (Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds song) `` Love Letter '' is a song by Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds from their 2001 album , No More Shall We Part . A ballad written by Cave , it features him on vocals and piano with backing vocals by Kate & Anna McGarrigle . `` Love Letter '' was first released as one of the songs on Nick Cave 's 2000 spoken word album , The Secret Life of the Love Song . Since its release by Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds on their 2001 album , No More Shall We Part , Uncut magazine has placed `` Love Letter '' at number 14 in its list of Nick Cave 's greatest songs . The song was singled out for praise by author Jonathan Lethem , who says the `` shattering simplicity '' of its lyrics is `` worthy of Shakespeare '' . In AllMusic 's review of No More Shall We Part , `` Love Letter '' is described as a `` tenderly daunting , haunted house '' . Author Robert Mighall described it as `` a staggeringly beautiful song of forlorn love and a broken heart . '' Musician Victor Krummenacher described `` Love Letter '' as `` extraordinary . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64daf635e0704799258b62ebaea7c666", "text": "Art film An art film is typically a serious , independent film aimed at a niche market rather than a mass market audience . An art film is `` intended to be a serious artistic work , often experimental and not designed for mass appeal '' ; they are `` made primarily for aesthetic reasons rather than commercial profit '' , and they contain `` unconventional or highly symbolic content '' . Film critics and film studies scholars typically define an art film as possessing `` formal qualities that mark them as different from mainstream Hollywood films '' , which can include , among other elements , a sense of social realism ; an emphasis on the authorial expressiveness of the director ; and a focus on the thoughts , dreams , or motivations of characters , as opposed to the unfolding of a clear , goal-driven story . Film scholar David Bordwell describes art cinema as `` a film genre , with its own distinct conventions '' . Art film producers usually present their films at specialty theatres ( repertory cinemas , or , in the U.S. , `` arthouse cinemas '' ) and film festivals . The term art film is much more widely used in the United States , the UK and Australia than in Europe , where the term is more associated with `` auteur '' films and `` national cinema '' ( e.g. , German national cinema ) . Because they are aimed at small niche market audiences , they can rarely get the financial backing that will permit large production budgets , expensive special effects , costly celebrity actors , or huge advertising campaigns , as are used in widely released mainstream blockbuster films . Art film directors make up for these constraints by creating a different type of film , which typically uses lesser-known film actors ( or even amateur actors ) and modest sets to make films that focus much more on developing ideas or exploring new narrative techniques or film-making conventions . A certain degree of experience and knowledge are required to fully understand or appreciate such films . One mid-1990s art film was called `` largely a cerebral experience '' that one enjoys `` because of what you know about film '' . This contrasts sharply with mainstream `` blockbuster '' films , which are geared more towards escapism and pure entertainment . For promotion , art films rely on the publicity generated from film critics ' reviews , discussion of their film by arts columnists , commentators and bloggers , and `` word-of-mouth '' promotion by audience members . Since art films have small initial investment costs , they only need to appeal to a small portion of the mainstream viewing audiences to become financially viable .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "24aa483944fbe1769371f291ffea6174", "text": "Committee on Obscenity and Film Censorship The Committee on Obscenity and Film Censorship , better known as the Williams Committee , was a 1970s British Home Office committee chaired by Professor Bernard Williams . The task of the committee was to `` review the laws concerning obscenity , indecency and violence in publications , displays and entertainments in England and Wales , except in the field of broadcasting , and to review the arrangements for film censorship in England and Wales '' . The committee reported in 1979 that : `` Given the amount of explicit sexual material in circulation and the allegations often made about its effects , it is striking that one can find case after case of sex crimes and murder without any hint at all that pornography was present in the background . '' The Committee 's report was evidently influenced by the liberal thinking of John Stuart Mill , a philosopher greatly admired by Williams , and who used Mill 's principle of liberty to develop what he called the `` harm condition , '' whereby `` no conduct should be suppressed by law unless it can be shown to harm someone . '' Williams concluded that pornography could not be shown to be harmful and that `` the role of pornography in influencing society is not very important ... to think anything else is to get the problem of pornography out of proportion with the many other problems that face our society today . '' The committee reported that , so long as children were protected from seeing it , adults should be free to read and watch pornography as they saw fit . It found that the existing variety of laws in the field should be scrapped , and that terms such as ` obscene ' , ` indecent ' and ` deprave and corrupt ' should be abandoned as they were no longer useful . The Committee thought existing laws should be replaced with a comprehensive new statute , under which the availability of material would be restricted so that it did not cause offence to reasonable people , and was not accessible to children . The recommended restrictions on availability would not have been confined just to material that involved nudity and/or which was sexually explicit . Restrictions were to apply to : `` matter ( other than the printed word ) and to a performance whose unrestricted availability is offensive to reasonable people by reason of the manner in which it portrays , deals with or relates to violence , cruelty or horror , or sexual , faecal or urinary functions or genital organs . '' Regarding the definition of pornography the commission stated that , `` a pornographic representation is one that combines two features : it has a certain function or intention , to arouse its audience sexually , and also a certain content , explicit representations of sexual material ( organs , postures , activity , etc ) . On the difference between ` obscenity ' and ` pornography ' , the committee found that the word ` obscene ' was a subjective term that refers to peoples reaction to material , and that '' it principally expresses an intense or extreme version of what we have called ` offensiveness ' . It may be that it particularly emphasises the most strongly aversive element in that notion , the idea of an object 's being repulsive or disgusting . '' ` Pornography ' however was found to be `` a rather more objective expression referring to a certain kind of writing , picture etc ... Pornography will have some tendency to be obscene , but will not necessarily be so ... a tendency to be offensive is built into it , but it is not universally even offensive ... Still less must it inevitably be very strongly offensive or obscene . '' On whether art could be obscene , it reported that , `` work ... may be experienced as offensive , and also be experienced as having aesthetic interest , but in the case of which the two experiences do not occur at the same time . These will be works which are found offensive at first , or by a spectator who remains distanced from them , but which lose that character for someone involved in them . It did however recognize that `` it would be unwise to deny that ... there could be works which were , and remained , offensive , indeed intensely offensive or obscene . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad9a8b19cd65ad876c9a58046cb11d64", "text": "Unification Church views on sexuality The Divine Principle , the central book of Unification Church teaching , asserts that love is the strongest force in the universe , more powerful than law or principle , and true , unselfish love is Unificationism 's highest value . A fundamental teaching of Divine Principle is that the original sin causing the human fall at the beginning of history was , in fact , selfish and inappropriate sexual relationships that corrupted true love . Sexual union based on true love between husband and wife is spoken about frankly and approvingly in many speeches by Sun Myung Moon . One author calls marriage `` really the only sacrament '' in the Unification Church . Unificationists therefore view singleness as `` not a state to be sought or cultivated '' but merely as preparation for marriage . Pre-marital celibacy and marital faithfulness are emphasized , and adherents may be taught to `` abstain from intimate relations for a specified time after marriage . '' The church does not give its marriage blessing to same-sex couples . Moon has emphasized the similarity between Unification views of sexuality and evangelical Christianity , `` reaching out to conservative Christians in this country in the last few years by emphasizing shared goals like support for sexual abstinence outside of marriage , and opposition to homosexuality . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f224280fc6c49f7b1aef16ff3c913c27", "text": "Only Love Only Love may refer to : `` Only Love '' ( Nana Mouskouri song ) ( 1986 ) `` Only Love '' ( Wynonna Judd song ) ( 1993 ) `` Only Love '' ( The Braxtons song ) ( 1997 ) `` Only Love '' ( Anggun song ) ( 2011 ) `` Only Love '' ( Ben Howard song ) ( 2012 ) `` Only Love '' ( Shaggy song ) ( 2015 ) `` Only Love '' , Brotherhood of Man song from the album Singing a Song ( 1979 ) `` Only Love '' , a song by Alkaline Trio from the album My Shame Is True ( 2013 ) Only Love , a 1997 novel by Erich Segal Only Love , a novel by Ann Maxwell writing as Elizabeth Lowell Only Love ( film ) , 1998 made-for-TV film starring Marisa Tomei", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ee8a908c8ffd97f646e54da93b8d2d6", "text": "Soldier of Love (album) Soldier of Love is the sixth studio album by English band Sade , released on 5 February 2010 by Epic Records . Following the release of Lovers Rock ( 2000 ) , the band went into a 10-year hiatus . In 2008 , the band re-grouped in order to begin work on their sixth album , making it the first time each member had been together . The recording of the album primarily took place at the Real World Studios in Box , England , with additional sessions at El Cortijo in San Pedro de Alcántara , Spain . The album 's recording began in 2009 and was completed in the summer of that year . The first single `` Soldier of Love '' premiered on US radio on 8 December 2009 , and was released digitally on 11 January 2010 . Subsequent singles `` Babyfather '' and `` The Moon and the Sky '' were serviced to US urban AC radio on 13 April and 24 August 2010 , respectively . The album debuted at number four on the UK Albums Chart . It also debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 with first-week sales of 502,000 copies in the United States , marking Sade 's first number-one debut on the chart while also spending three weeks at the top of the chart . Upon its release , Soldier of Love received generally positive reviews from most music critics and won a Grammy Award for Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals . The band promoted the album with their first concert tour in ten years , Sade Live .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8bd531311de0a9b917ef90f4000cab42", "text": "My Love (Petula Clark song) `` My Love '' is a 1965 single release by Petula Clark which in early 1966 became an international hit , reaching # 1 in the US : the track continued Clark 's collaboration with songwriter and record producer Tony Hatch . In November 1965 Tony Hatch , on a flight from London to Los Angeles , was putting the finishing touches on his composition `` The Life and Soul of the Party '' which he planned to record with Clark in Los Angeles to serve as her next single . In casual conversation with the American sitting next to him Hatch was advised that this song 's title would be meaningless to the American public . Hatch then proceeded to write lyrics for a song whose title - `` My Love '' - could not conceivably present any comprehension issue : the lyrics were completed during the flight and Hatch completed the music soon after landing in Los Angeles . `` My Love '' was recorded at Western Studios and featured the backing of the Wrecking Crew . Petula Clark would recall : `` We recorded three songs on that session ... I liked the two other songs quite a lot , but I really did n't like ` My Love ' ... I thought it was a bit ordinary . I had got so used to these wonderful songs that Tony had been writing with all these different moods and I thought `` My Love '' was just a bit flat . '' Clark would describe her discouraging Warner Bros a & r man Joe Smith from issuing `` My Love '' as a single : `` he 's a very small man physically ... about the right height for me . I was able to get hold of his lapels , and I said to him , ` Joe , I do n't care which -LSB- of the three songs -RSB- you put out , but just do n't put out `` My Love '' . And he said : ` Trust me , baby . ' '' Smith did in fact okay the single release of `` My Love '' which would return Clark to the top of the US charts for the first time since her breakthrough success with `` Downtown '' , as `` My Love '' reached # 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 dated 5 February 1966 , making Clark the first British female to have two US # 1 hits . Also a # 1 hit in Canada , `` My Love '' returned Clark to the UK Top Ten for the first time since `` Downtown '' two years previous with a March 1966 peak of # 4 . '' In the UK the single earned a Silver disc for sales of 200,000 units . `` My Love '' also provided Clark with a hit in Australia ( # 4 ) , Finland ( # 18 ) , New Zealand ( # 6 ) , Rhodesia ( # 1 ) and South Africa ( # 6 ) and reached # 13 in both the Netherlands and the Dutch speaking region of Belgium . In Germany `` My Love '' became a hit first in its original English version ( # 13 ) and then again when rendered in German as `` Verzeih ' die dummen Tränen '' ( Forgive the foolish tears ) ( # 21 ) . Translated recordings by Clark also made `` My Love '' a hit in France and Italy , respectively as `` Mon amour '' ( # 12 ) and `` L'amore e il vento '' ( Love is the wind ) ( # 24 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad52e1a831b954dae2b9b97d7f8fc469", "text": "American Beauty (1999 film) American Beauty is a 1999 American drama film directed by Sam Mendes and written by Alan Ball . Kevin Spacey stars as Lester Burnham , a 42-year-old advertising executive who has a midlife crisis when he becomes infatuated with his teenaged daughter 's best friend , Angela ( Mena Suvari ) . Annette Bening co-stars as Lester 's materialistic wife , Carolyn , and Thora Birch plays their insecure daughter , Jane . Wes Bentley , Chris Cooper , and Allison Janney also feature . The film is described by academics as a satire of American middle-class notions of beauty and personal satisfaction ; analysis has focused on the film 's explorations of romantic , and paternal love , sexuality , beauty , materialism , self-liberation , and redemption . Ball began writing American Beauty as a play in the early 1990s , partly inspired by the media circus around the Amy Fisher trial in 1992 . He shelved the play after realizing the story would not work on stage . After several years as a television screenwriter , Ball revived the idea in 1997 when attempting to break into the film industry . The modified script had a cynical outlook that was influenced by Ball 's frustrating tenures writing for several sitcoms . Producers Dan Jinks and Bruce Cohen took American Beauty to DreamWorks ; the then-fledgling film studio bought Ball 's script for $ 250,000 , outbidding several other production bodies . DreamWorks financed the $ 15 million production and served as its North American distributor . American Beauty marked acclaimed theater director Mendes ' film debut ; courted after his successful productions of the musicals Oliver ! and Cabaret , Mendes was , nevertheless , only given the job after 20 others were considered and several `` A-list '' directors turned down the opportunity . Spacey was Mendes ' first choice for the role of Lester , though DreamWorks had urged the director to consider better-known actors ; similarly , the studio suggested several actors for the role of Carolyn until Mendes offered the part to Bening without DreamWorks ' knowledge . Principal photography took place between December 1998 and February 1999 on soundstages at the Warner Bros. backlot in Burbank , California , and on location in Los Angeles . Mendes ' dominant style was deliberate and composed ; he made extensive use of static shots and slow pans and zooms to generate tension . Cinematographer Conrad Hall complemented Mendes ' style with peaceful shot compositions to contrast with the turbulent on-screen events . During editing , Mendes made several changes that gave the film a less cynical tone than the script . Released in North America on September 17 , 1999 , American Beauty was positively received by critics and grossed over $ 356 million worldwide . Reviewers praised most aspects of the production , with particular emphasis on Mendes , Spacey , and Ball ; criticism focused on the familiarity of the characters and setting . DreamWorks launched a major campaign to increase the film 's chances of Academy Award success ; at the 72nd Academy Awards the following year , the film won Best Picture , Best Director , Best Actor ( for Spacey ) , Best Original Screenplay , and Best Cinematography . It was nominated for and won many other awards and honors , mainly for the direction , writing , and acting .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "96fed37dfdc81f1bd8419a5c25397fb0", "text": "Stigmatic-eligibilic paraphilia Stigmatic-eligibilic paraphilias are desires whose objects `` become eligible '' to be desired because of , rather than despite , a stigma which they bear . The manifold manifestations of these paraphilias cover the broadest range of physical , intimate and social circumstance . In the context of a stigmatic-eligibilic paraphilia , what is considered repulsive , unsuitable , prohibited , abnormal or taboo by most people turns into something attractive , suitable , permitted , normal and licensed . Thus , in paedophilia , necrophilia and zoophilia , children , corpses and animals are desired despite being incapable of forming sexual ( or , indeed , any ) relationships . In the attraction to disability , disabled people are desired despite deviating from the physical standard . In gerontophilia and ephebophilia , significantly older or younger people are desired despite being generally considered unsuitable due to great difference in age . In hybristophilia , notorious criminals are desired despite being generally considered objectionable . In urolagnia , coprophilia and emetophilia , urinating , defecating and vomiting in intimate circumstances are seen as arousing despite the general views that they are repulsive . In this sense , stigmatic-eligibilic paraphilias can seem ` non-conformist ' and ` taboo-busting . ' Stigmatic-eligibilic paraphilias are generally thought to result from intense and memorable childhood experiences ( `` sexuoerotic tragedies , '' though they may not be distressing ) which `` deform '' the future adult 's idea of what is and what is not attractive ( their `` lovemap '' ) . Attempting to accommodate the extraordinary experience into an acceptable mental frame of reference , the future adult may `` triumph '' over it by use of a logic whereby the terms of reference commonly associated with it are reversed . Category : Paraphilias", "title": "" } ]	fever
f686fdde4ca9c4d8a5d2afd4c8f5a97d	50 First Dates is an American film.	[ { "docid": "f38f41f41cd3e232a687b9a4ed12c196", "text": "50 First Dates 50 First Dates is a 2004 American romantic comedy film directed by Peter Segal and written by George Wing . The film stars Adam Sandler as a lothario veterinarian and Drew Barrymore as an amnesiac , along with Rob Schneider , Sean Astin , Lusia Strus , Blake Clark , and Dan Aykroyd . Most of the film was shot on location in Oahu , Hawaii on the Windward side and the North Shore . Sandler and Barrymore won an MTV award . The fictitious memory impairment suffered by Barrymore 's character , Goldfield 's Syndrome , is similar to short term memory loss and anterograde amnesia . The 2014 Malayalam film Ormayundo Ee Mukham is inspired by 50 First Dates .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "1e700a9680540bc1e0014e24e0e0d274", "text": "Hollywood blacklist The Hollywood blacklist -- as the broader entertainment industry blacklist is generally known -- was the practice of denying employment to screenwriters , actors , directors , musicians , and other American entertainment professionals during the mid-20th century because they were accused of having Communist ties or sympathies . Artists were barred from work on the basis of their alleged membership in or sympathy with the Communist Party USA or refusal to assist investigations into the party 's activities . Even during the period of its strictest enforcement , the late 1940s through the late 1950s , the blacklist was rarely made explicit or verifiable , but it directly damaged the careers of scores of individuals working in the film industry . The first systematic Hollywood blacklist was instituted on November 25 , 1947 , the day after ten writers and directors were cited for contempt of Congress for refusing to testify to the House Un-American Activities Committee . A group of studio executives , acting under the aegis of the Association of Motion Picture Producers , fired the artists -- the so-called Hollywood Ten -- and made what has become known as the Waldorf Statement . On June 22 , 1950 , a pamphlet entitled Red Channels was published . Focused on the field of broadcasting , it identified 151 entertainment industry professionals in the context of `` Red Fascists and their sympathizers . '' Soon , most of those named , along with a host of other artists , were barred from employment in most of the entertainment field . The blacklist lasted until 1960 , when Dalton Trumbo , a Communist Party member from 1943 to 1948 and member of the Hollywood Ten , was credited as the screenwriter of the highly successful film Exodus , and later publicly acknowledged by actor Kirk Douglas for writing the screenplay for the movie Spartacus . A number of those blacklisted , however , were still barred from work in their professions for years afterward .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b9d5194ad1b9c6050faca19ce42d10f7", "text": "The Sight & Sound Top 50 Greatest Films of All Time The following are the `` Top 50 Greatest Films of All Time '' according to the worldwide opinion polls conducted by Sight & Sound and published in the journal 's September 2012 issue . They published the critics ' list , based on 846 critics , programmers , academics , and distributors , and the directors ' list , based on 358 directors and filmmakers . Sight & Sound , published by the British Film Institute , has conducted a poll of the greatest films every 10 years since 1952 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "505535e2adc60b968e3ff17037c51a4a", "text": "50 (number) 50 ( fifty ) is the natural number following 49 and preceding 51 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c73b779fe76f7d7ad79a83b59ee645d3", "text": "I Know You `` I Know You '' is a song recorded by American recording artist and songwriter Skylar Grey for the soundtrack to the film Fifty Shades of Grey ( 2015 ) . The song was written by Grey and Canadian composer/producer Stephan Moccio and was co-produced by Moccio and Dan Heath . It was released as the second promotional single from the Fifty Shades of Grey soundtrack on February 3 , 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b4ff03665db82043f82dd5b20c652f94", "text": "Divorce American Style Divorce American Style is a 1967 American satirical comedy film directed by Bud Yorkin and starring Dick Van Dyke , Debbie Reynolds , Jean Simmons , Jason Robards and Van Johnson . Norman Lear produced the film and wrote the script based on a story by Robert Kaufman . It focuses on a married couple that opts for divorce when counseling fails to help them resolve their various problems , and the problems presented to divorced people by alimony . The title is an homage to Divorce Italian Style ( 1961 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ddc5067964842a84d37bac79c4a8319b", "text": "Discount theater Discount theaters , also known as dollar theatres , dollar movies , second-run theatres , and sub-run theatres , are movie theaters that show motion pictures for reduced prices after the films leave first-run theatres . Originally , they would receive 35mm films after they had been shown already at first run theaters ; therefore the film quality would be lower because the film was worn by dozens of showings , and the audience for the film would be reduced since it had been released weeks or months before . At the time , VHS was just rising as an affordable home video technology . Consequently , budget-conscious film-goers might wait for a film to hit the local dollar house instead of paying more money to see the film first-run . As the 21st century dawned , a pair of factors conspired to drive many discount theatres out of business : 1 ) an oversupply of American movie screens caused by ambitious overbuilding allowed films to stay longer in the first-run theatres , and 2 ) the delay between theatrical release and VHS or DVD release continued to shrink . This latter factor convinced many moviegoers that it was simply not worth the money , hassle , and possible encounters with noisy fellow patrons and sticky floors , meaning dollar theatres could be in the twilight of their existence .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "45b265f14064c0e75c18a0eb3816bfa5", "text": "1950s American automobile culture 1950s American automobile culture has had an enduring influence on the culture of the United States , as reflected in popular music , major trends from the 1950s and mainstream acceptance of the `` hot rod '' culture . The American manufacturing economy switched from producing war-related items to consumer goods at the end of World War II , and by the end of the 1950s , one in six working Americans were employed either directly or indirectly in the automotive industry . The United States became the world 's largest manufacturer of automobiles , and Henry Ford 's goal of 30 years earlier -- that any man with a good job should be able to afford an automobile -- was achieved . A new generation of service businesses focusing on customers with their automobiles sprang up during the decade , including drive-through or drive-in restaurants and more drive-in theaters ( cinemas ) . The decade began with 25 million registered automobiles on the road , most of which predated World War II and were in poor condition ; no automobiles or parts were produced during the war owing to rationing and restrictions . By 1950 , most factories had made the transition to a consumer-based economy , and more than 8 million cars were produced that year alone . By 1958 , there were more than 67 million cars registered in the United States , more than twice the number at the start of the decade . As part of the U.S. national defenses , to support military transport , the National Highway System was expanded with Interstate highways , beginning in 1955 , across many parts of the United States . The wider , multi-lane highways allowed traffic to move at faster speeds , with few or no stoplights on the way . The wide-open spaces along the highways became a basis for numerous billboards showing advertisements . The dawning of the Space Age and Space Race were reflected in contemporary American automotive styling . Large tailfins , flowing designs reminiscent of rockets , and radio antennas that imitated Sputnik 1 were common , owing to the efforts of design pioneers such as Harley Earl .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "40ba4ecaac43844eff1bcd5527906104", "text": "Sunset Boulevard (film) Sunset Boulevard ( stylized onscreen as SUNSET BLVD. ) is a 1950 American film noir directed and co-written by Billy Wilder , and produced and co-written by Charles Brackett . It was named after the boulevard that runs through Los Angeles and Beverly Hills , California . The film stars William Holden as Joe Gillis , an unsuccessful screenwriter , and Gloria Swanson as Norma Desmond , a faded silent film star who draws him into her fantasy world where she dreams of making a triumphant return to the screen , with Erich von Stroheim as Max Von Mayerling , her devoted servant . Nancy Olson , Fred Clark , Lloyd Gough and Jack Webb play supporting roles . Director Cecil B. DeMille and gossip columnist Hedda Hopper play themselves , and the film includes cameo appearances by leading silent film actors Buster Keaton , H. B. Warner and Anna Q. Nilsson . Praised by many critics when first released , Sunset Boulevard was nominated for eleven Academy Awards ( including nominations in all four acting categories ) and won three . Deemed `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' by the U.S. Library of Congress in 1989 , Sunset Boulevard was included in the first group of films selected for preservation in the National Film Registry . In 1998 , it was ranked number twelve on the American Film Institute 's list of the 100 best American films of the 20th century , and in 2007 , it was 16th on their 10th Anniversary list .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64daf635e0704799258b62ebaea7c666", "text": "Art film An art film is typically a serious , independent film aimed at a niche market rather than a mass market audience . An art film is `` intended to be a serious artistic work , often experimental and not designed for mass appeal '' ; they are `` made primarily for aesthetic reasons rather than commercial profit '' , and they contain `` unconventional or highly symbolic content '' . Film critics and film studies scholars typically define an art film as possessing `` formal qualities that mark them as different from mainstream Hollywood films '' , which can include , among other elements , a sense of social realism ; an emphasis on the authorial expressiveness of the director ; and a focus on the thoughts , dreams , or motivations of characters , as opposed to the unfolding of a clear , goal-driven story . Film scholar David Bordwell describes art cinema as `` a film genre , with its own distinct conventions '' . Art film producers usually present their films at specialty theatres ( repertory cinemas , or , in the U.S. , `` arthouse cinemas '' ) and film festivals . The term art film is much more widely used in the United States , the UK and Australia than in Europe , where the term is more associated with `` auteur '' films and `` national cinema '' ( e.g. , German national cinema ) . Because they are aimed at small niche market audiences , they can rarely get the financial backing that will permit large production budgets , expensive special effects , costly celebrity actors , or huge advertising campaigns , as are used in widely released mainstream blockbuster films . Art film directors make up for these constraints by creating a different type of film , which typically uses lesser-known film actors ( or even amateur actors ) and modest sets to make films that focus much more on developing ideas or exploring new narrative techniques or film-making conventions . A certain degree of experience and knowledge are required to fully understand or appreciate such films . One mid-1990s art film was called `` largely a cerebral experience '' that one enjoys `` because of what you know about film '' . This contrasts sharply with mainstream `` blockbuster '' films , which are geared more towards escapism and pure entertainment . For promotion , art films rely on the publicity generated from film critics ' reviews , discussion of their film by arts columnists , commentators and bloggers , and `` word-of-mouth '' promotion by audience members . Since art films have small initial investment costs , they only need to appeal to a small portion of the mainstream viewing audiences to become financially viable .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a1b977fafaeded7a84bbc866e7041d55", "text": "AFI's 100 Years...100 Passions Part of the AFI 100 Years ... series , AFI 's 100 Years ... 100 Passions is a list of the top 100 greatest love stories in American cinema . The list was unveiled by the American Film Institute on June 11 , 2002 , in a CBS television special hosted by American film and TV actress Candice Bergen . Cary Grant and Katharine Hepburn are tied for the most films in the list , with six each . They co-starred in two of them - Bringing Up Baby and The Philadelphia Story .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b0ad7c78fdda7df771d0bb5c91fcd15d", "text": "50's Prime Time Café The 50 's Prime Time Café is a restaurant at Disney 's Hollywood Studios , one of the four main theme parks at Walt Disney World . The restaurant replicates the kitsch of a 1950s diner . The waitresses dress similarly to Leave It to Beaver character June Cleaver , and each acts as though she is the mother of the guests she is serving . While eating , guests watch 1950s television shows such as Leave It to Beaver and Topper on black-and-white televisions . Menu items include chicken pot pie , pot roast , fried chicken , meatloaf , and milkshakes . The 50 's Prime Time Café opened in 1989 . Two years later , another theme restaurant opened at the park : the Sci-Fi Dine-In Theater Restaurant ; the 50 's Prime Time Café had garnered much success , and Disney hoped that another restaurant that had a strong emphasis on theme would have a similar level of success . The Sci-Fi Dine-In initially received little interest , but , within five weeks of opening , it was serving between 1,500 and 2,000 meals on a daily basis , just as the 50 's Prime Time Café was doing . These restaurants are two of the four in the park that offer table service , the others being the Hollywood Brown Derby and Mama Melrose 's Ristorante Italiano . In the book Walt Disney World Resort : Also Includes Seaworld and Central Florida , Corey Sandler writes that the 50 's Prime Time Café ties with the Beaches and Cream Soda Shop at Disney 's Beach Club Resort for the best milkshakes in Walt Disney World .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "697580c81479770dc6c70a31e36dd7f8", "text": "B movie A B movie is a low-budget commercial movie , but one that is not an arthouse film . In its original usage , during the Golden Age of Hollywood , the term more precisely identified films intended for distribution as the less-publicized bottom half of a double feature . Although the U.S. production of movies intended as second features largely ceased by the end of the 1950s , the term B movie continues to be used in the broader sense it maintains today . In its post -- Golden Age usage , there is ambiguity on both sides of the definition : on the one hand , the primary interest of many inexpensive exploitation films is prurient ; on the other , many B movies display a high degree of craft and aesthetic ingenuity . In either usage , most B movies represent a particular genre -- the Western was a Golden Age B movie staple , while low-budget science-fiction and horror films became more popular in the 1950s . Early B movies were often part of series in which the star repeatedly played the same character . Almost always shorter than the top-billed films they were paired with , many had running times of 70 minutes or less . The term connoted a general perception that B movies were inferior to the more handsomely budgeted headliners ; individual B films were often ignored by critics . Latter-day B movies still sometimes inspire multiple sequels , but series are less common . As the average running time of top-of-the-line films increased , so did that of B pictures . In its current usage , the term has somewhat contradictory connotations : it may signal an opinion that a certain movie is ( a ) a genre film with minimal artistic ambitions or ( b ) a lively , energetic film uninhibited by the constraints imposed on more expensive projects and unburdened by the conventions of putatively `` serious '' independent film . The term is also now used loosely to refer to some higher-budgeted , mainstream films with exploitation-style content , usually in genres traditionally associated with the B movie . From their beginnings to the present day , B movies have provided opportunities both for those coming up in the profession and others whose careers are waning . Celebrated filmmakers such as Anthony Mann and Jonathan Demme learned their craft in B movies . They are where actors such as John Wayne and Jack Nicholson first became established , and they have provided work for former A movie actors , such as Vincent Price and Karen Black . Some actors , such as Bela Lugosi , Eddie Constantine and Pam Grier , worked in B movies for most of their careers . The term B actor is sometimes used to refer to a performer who finds work primarily or exclusively in B pictures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3731d71b93352501a35fc31c7a51f1f8", "text": "The First Family (album) The First Family is a comedy album recorded on October 22 , 1962 , as a good-natured parody of President John F. Kennedy , both as Commander-in-Chief and as a member of a large , well-known political family . Issued by Cadence Records , it was honored as the `` largest and fastest selling record in the history of the record industry '' selling at more than a million copies per week for the first six and one-half weeks in distribution , by January it had sold more than 7 million copies . Cadence president Archie Bleyer credited the album 's success to radio airplay . By time of the release of The First Family - Volume Two , the sequel , it had sold 7.5 million copies -- unprecedented for any album at the time , let alone a comedy album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9f66dc4bbf42bfb02df1c06a93d33dbf", "text": "Peter Segal Not to be confused with NPR personality Peter Sagal Peter Segal ( born 1962 ) is an American film director , producer , screenwriter and actor . Segal has directed the comedy films Tommy Boy ( 1995 ) , My Fellow Americans ( 1996 ) , The Nutty Professor II : The Klumps ( 2000 ) , Anger Management ( 2003 ) , 50 First Dates ( 2004 ) , The Longest Yard ( 2005 ) , Get Smart ( 2008 ) , Grudge Match ( 2013 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fddff19ac1068b5226e0b5f2075a65cf", "text": "List of teen films Teen film is a film genre targeted at teenagers and young adults in which the plot is based upon the special interests of teenagers and young adults , such as coming of age , first love , rebellion , conflict with parents , teen angst , and alienation . Some of these films are targeted at adults as well as teenagers . Teen films have been a trope of the cinema industry for decades since the 1950s . At this time , the film industry saw a greater market for teens with more disposable income and therefore more money to spend on leisure activities , largely going to films . Because of the boom in teen viewers , drive-in movie theaters were also very popular . However , even the silent era had teen films . Recently , online streaming services such as Netflix have created a resurgence in the `` tween '' and teenage-oriented film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd0ace1270f626365441a3fbd3d36d96", "text": "Unsimulated sex Unsimulated sex is the presentation in a film of sex scenes where the actors engage in an actual sex act , and are not just miming or simulating the actions . At one time in the United States such scenes were restricted by law and self-imposed industry standards such as the Motion Picture Production Code . Films showing explicit sexual activity were confined to privately distributed underground films , such as stag films or `` porn loops '' . Beginning in the late 1960s , most notably with Blue Movie by Andy Warhol , mainstream cinemas began pushing boundaries in terms of what was presented on screen . Although the vast majority of sexual situations depicted in mainstream cinema are simulated ( in early pornography , the main actors engaged in simulated sex , with inserts placed in the film ) , on rare occasions actors engage in real sex . The difference between these films and pornography is that , while such scenes might be considered erotic , the intent of these films is not solely pornographic . Notable examples include two of the eight Bedside-films and the six Zodiac-films from the 1970s , all of which were produced in Denmark and had many pornographic sex scenes , but were nevertheless considered mainstream films ( they all had mainstream casts and crews , and premiered in mainstream cinemas ) . The last of these films , Agent 69 Jensen i Skyttens tegn , was made in 1978 . From the end of the 1970s until the late 1990s it was rare to see hardcore scenes in mainstream cinema , but this changed with the success of Lars von Trier 's The Idiots ( 1998 ) , which heralded a wave of art-house films with explicit content , such as Romance ( 1999 ) , Baise-moi ( 2000 ) , Intimacy ( 2001 ) , Vincent Gallo 's The Brown Bunny ( 2003 ) , and Michael Winterbottom 's 9 Songs ( 2004 ) . Some simulated sex scenes are sufficiently realistic that critics mistakenly believe that they are real , such as the cunnilingus scene in the 2006 film Red Road .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "73f35a1bb7cfa8a1d18f4dbbe6733bef", "text": "Hollywood & Wine Hollywood & Wine is a 2010 American comedy film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "532e86792e6238411b4533d36f49d6cb", "text": "1950s The 1950s ( pronounced nineteen-fifties ; commonly abbreviated as the 50s or Fifties ) was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on January 1 , 1950 , and ended on December 31 , 1959 . By its end , the world had largely recovered from World War II and the Cold War developed from its modest beginning in the late-1940s to a hot competition between the United States and the Soviet Union by the early-1960s . Clashes between communism and capitalism dominated the decade , especially in the Northern Hemisphere . The conflicts included the Korean War in the beginnings of the decade and the beginning of the Space Race with the launch of Sputnik 1 . Along with increased testing of nuclear weapons ( such as RDS-37 and Upshot -- Knothole ) , this created a politically conservative climate . In the United States , the Second Red Scare caused Congressional hearings by both houses in Congress and anti-communism was the prevailing sentiment in the United States throughout the decade . The beginning of decolonization in Africa and Asia took place in this decade and accelerated in the following decade .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "db7d691c174d728789a65964921047db", "text": "Fifty-state strategy A fifty-state strategy is a political strategy which aims for progress in all states of the United States of America , rather than conceding certain states as `` unwinnable . '' In a presidential campaign , it is usually implemented as an appeal to a broad base of the American public in an attempt to win , even if marginally , every state , since even a marginal victory is effectively total victory for electoral purposes . It can also refer to an overall long-term strategy for a political movement such as a political party . This strategy is very ambitious and , when used for a specific election , is typically abandoned as the election day draws nearer . In the vast majority of cases , winning a state 's popular vote for president or senator -- even by a small margin -- means the state 's entire representation in the election goes to the victor without being divided . A fifty-state strategy requires a campaign to spend valuable resources in a rival 's strongest states , when those resources could instead be concentrated in swing states that will become a total win or a total loss based on only a small difference in popular votes . A president has won every state three times : in 1788 and 1792 , George Washington won all the electoral votes running effectively unopposed , and in 1820 , James Monroe , running unopposed , carried all twenty-three states in the union at that time ( although one electoral vote was cast for John Quincy Adams and two electors died prior to casting votes ) . In 1936 , Franklin D. Roosevelt carried forty-six of forty-eight states , losing only Maine and Vermont . A complete fifty-state victory has not been accomplished since the fiftieth state was admitted into the union , although Republicans have twice managed to win the presidency in forty-nine of the fifty : in 1972 with Richard Nixon losing only Massachusetts , and in 1984 with Ronald Reagan losing only his rival 's home state of Minnesota . Both also lost the District of Columbia , which has had presidential electors since the Twenty-Third Amendment in 1961 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d4e55587c1fe55b149a2e5eee939aaf", "text": "First Date (musical) First Date is a musical with a book by Austin Winsberg and music and lyrics by Alan Zachary and Michael Weiner . Based around the concept of a blind date , the musical made its world premiere during 2012 at Seattle 's ACT Theatre in a 5th Avenue Theatre co-production and made its Broadway debut August 8 , 2013 at the Longacre Theatre .", "title": "" } ]	fever
f436881e3610e34611fdebd1c97d971b	The Wachowskis directed Bound.	[ { "docid": "2c2dbb8030ac8b9f2bfdc783adc00de2", "text": "The Wachowskis Lana Wachowski ( formerly Laurence `` Larry '' Wachowski , born June 21 , 1965 ) and Lilly Wachowski ( formerly Andrew Paul `` Andy '' Wachowski , born December 29 , 1967 ) are American film directors , screenwriters , and producers . They are siblings , and are both trans women . Collectively known as The Wachowskis and formerly as The Wachowski Brothers , the pair made their directing debut in 1996 with Bound , and reached fame with their second film The Matrix ( 1999 ) , a major box office success for which they won the Saturn Award for Best Director . They wrote and directed its two sequels : The Matrix Reloaded and The Matrix Revolutions ( both in 2003 ) , and were deeply involved in the writing and production of other works in the franchise . Following the commercial success of The Matrix series , they wrote and produced the 2006 film V for Vendetta ( an adaptation of the comic of the same name by Alan Moore ) , and in 2008 released the film Speed Racer , which was a live-action adaptation of the Japanese anime series of the same name . Their next film , Cloud Atlas , based on the novel of the same name by David Mitchell and co-written and co-directed by Tom Tykwer , was released in 2012 . Their film Jupiter Ascending and the Netflix series Sense8 both debuted in 2015 . The siblings have worked as a writing and directing unit throughout their professional film careers from Bound through the first season of Sense8 . Following her gender transition , Lilly Wachowski took a break from active writing and directing ; Lana worked on the second season of Sense8 without her .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "06bee763ab88bf322c23edce2ef326cd", "text": "Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards 2014 The 20th Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards honoring the best in film for 2014 were announced on December 15 , 2014 . These awards `` recognizing extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association ( DFWFCA ) , based in the Dallas -- Fort Worth metroplex region of Texas . The organization , founded in 1990 , includes 30 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications based in north Texas . The Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association began presenting its annual awards list in 1993 . Birdman was the DFWFCA 's most awarded film of 2014 , taking five top honors . Birdman won in Best Picture , Best Actor ( Michael Keaton ) , Best Director ( Alejandro G. Iñárritu ) , Best Cinematography ( Emmanuel Lubezki ) , and Best Screenplay ( Alejandro G. Iñárritu , Nicolás Giacobone , Alexander Dinelaris Jr. , and Armando Bo ) . Another film , Boyhood , earned multiple 2014 honors from the DFWFCA . The coming-of-age tale received top honors in the Best Supporting Actress ( Patricia Arquette ) as well as being presented the Russell Smith Award as the `` best low-budget or cutting-edge independent film '' of the year . The award is named in honor of late Dallas Morning News film critic Russell Smith . Reese Witherspoon was named Best Actress for her role as Cheryl Strayed in Wild . The other films earning honors were Sweden 's Force Majeure for Best Foreign Language Film , Citizenfour as Best Documentary Film , and The Lego Movie for Best Animated Film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "241c5584bafcb4fa9074b612100161a6", "text": "Tomorrowland (film) Tomorrowland ( subtitled A World Beyond in some regions ) is a 2015 American science-fiction mystery adventure film directed and co-written by Brad Bird . Bird co-wrote the film 's screenplay with Damon Lindelof , from an original story treatment by Bird , Lindelof and Jeff Jensen . The film stars George Clooney , Hugh Laurie , Britt Robertson , Raffey Cassidy , Tim McGraw , Kathryn Hahn and Keegan-Michael Key . In the film , a disillusioned genius inventor and a teenage science enthusiast embark to an ambiguous alternate dimension known as `` Tomorrowland '' where their actions directly affect the world and themselves . Walt Disney Pictures originally announced the film in June 2011 under the working title 1952 , and later retitled it to Tomorrowland , after the futuristic themed land found at Disney theme parks . In drafting their story , Bird and Lindelof took inspiration from the progressive cultural movements of the Space Age , as well as Walt Disney 's optimistic philosophy of the future , notably his conceptual vision for the planned community known as EPCOT . Principal photography began in August 2013 , with footage shot in British Columbia , Alberta , Florida , and Spain with second unit filming in France , California and the Bahamas . Tomorrowland was released in conventional and IMAX formats on May 22 , 2015 , and was the first theatrical film to be released in Dolby Vision and Dolby Cinema . Upon its release , the film received mixed reviews from critics ; earning praise for its original premise , musical score , action , visuals , and themes , but criticism in regards to the screenplay 's uneven writing and tone . The film grossed $ 209 million worldwide against a total production and marketing cost of $ 330 million , losing Disney $ 120 -- 140 million .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "59b1cedc9e35a993b7902b2994de0397", "text": "The Day the Clown Cried The Day the Clown Cried is an unreleased 1972 American drama film directed by and starring Jerry Lewis . It is based on a script of the same name by Joan O'Brien , who had co-written the original script with Charles Denton ten years previously . The film was met with controversy regarding its premise and content , which features a circus clown who is imprisoned in a Nazi concentration camp . Lewis has repeatedly insisted that The Day the Clown Cried would never be released because it is an embarrassingly `` bad work '' that he is ashamed of .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "54e63a51cb699124a57b70bb9387f18e", "text": "Way Outward Bound `` Way Outward Bound '' is an episode of the award-winning British comedy television series The Goodies . This episode is also known as `` Outward Bounds '' and `` Baby Army '' . Written by The Goodies , with songs and music by Bill Oddie .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fb8ff94a5093a33d32c555ec74d0b7ed", "text": "Space Bound `` Space Bound '' is a song by American rapper Eminem . It was released on June 18 , 2011 as the fourth and final single from his seventh album Recovery . The song is produced by American hip-hop producer Jim Jonsin . `` Space Bound '' features samples of `` Drive '' by R.E.M. and `` Song for Bob '' by Nick Cave and Warren Ellis . The music video was shot in February 2011 by director Joseph Kahn . It features model and former pornographic actress Sasha Grey . The video was released to the iTunes Store on June 24 , 2011 . It is about a girl , played by Grey , who secretly cheats on her boyfriend , Eminem ; this turns into a violent conflict . The video shows two sides of Eminem , one who is calm and loves his girlfriend and one who is aggressive and does not . The music video received attention and controversy for a scene in which Eminem shoots himself in the head in frustration , with blood spurting from the wound .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab776c8e054188f0657ac63f8105ecf6", "text": "Film series A film series ( also referred to as a film franchise ) is a collection of related films in succession that share the same fictional universe , or are marketed as a series . Sometimes the work is conceived from the beginning as a multiple-film work , for example the Three Colours series , but in most cases the success of the original film inspires further films to be made . Individual sequels are relatively common , but are not always successful enough to spawn further installments . The Marvel Cinematic Universe is the highest grossing film series in unadjusted US Dollar figures surpassing the Harry Potter , Star Wars , James Bond , and Peter Jackson 's The Lord of the Rings series . However , `` Star Wars '' has the highest when adjusted for inflation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b92b62a80d559a88bad438d5d85f40dd", "text": "Łukasz Targosz Łukasz Targosz ( -LSB- wukaʂ tarɡoʂ -RSB- ; born 20 February 1977 in Cracow ) is a Polish film composer , and music and film producer . A graduate from The Karol Szymanowski Academy of Music in Katowice ( Jazz and Pop Music Department ) in 2002 . He started his career as a session musician . After writing music for a movie entitled The Crown Witness , he gained recognition . He received two awards for his film music : in 2010 during Roma Fiction Fest for the best music written for a TV series Marked and during Los Angeles Cinema Festival of Hollywood ( Winter 2015 ) for music composed for The Last Waltz . Radiostation RMF Classic as well as its listeners awarded Łukasz Targosz with MocArty for The Best Film Music of 2014 written to a TV series The Pack produced by HBO Poland . He can boast of over 40 soundtracks for various cinematic projects -- to begin with art house , through mainstream movies and animation , to end with new generation historic movies such as Stones for the Rampart by Robert Gliński , long awaited screen version of a classical Polish novel by Aleksander Kamiński . A romantic comedy entitled Letters to St. Nicolas achieved box-office success in Poland while the soundtrack quickly reached gold record status ; Love and Dance is the first Polish dance movie which was watched by a record-breaking number of viewers ; Insiders -- a thriller TV series was reviewed as one of the best Polish TV series ; Marked was nominated during such festivals as RoseD ` or , Monte-Carlo Television Festival and Roma Fition Fest ; the animation entitled The Game , which he also co-produced , was awarded during numerous international festivals , e.g. Boston International Film Festival , Mexico International Film Festival , On Location : Memphis International Film and Music Fest , Canada International Film Festival , Indie Fest . What is more , The Game was the only Polish animation which stood a chance to win an Oscar for the year 2012 . He was also a co-producer of Floating Skyscrapers by Tomasz Wasilewski , one of top award winning Polish movies in 2013 ( International Film Festival in Karlovy Vary , T-Mobile New Horizons , Gdynia Film Festival ) . He cooperated with various well-known artists , among them : Jennifer Batten ( together they performed solos for Michael Jackson 's Dirty Diana , which was used in the movie entitled Love and Dance ) , Renata Przemyk , Grzegorz Turnau , Janusz Radek , Robert Janowski , Doda , Afromental band . He is a co-owner of the Music Production Studio SPOT which was found in 1999 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "697580c81479770dc6c70a31e36dd7f8", "text": "B movie A B movie is a low-budget commercial movie , but one that is not an arthouse film . In its original usage , during the Golden Age of Hollywood , the term more precisely identified films intended for distribution as the less-publicized bottom half of a double feature . Although the U.S. production of movies intended as second features largely ceased by the end of the 1950s , the term B movie continues to be used in the broader sense it maintains today . In its post -- Golden Age usage , there is ambiguity on both sides of the definition : on the one hand , the primary interest of many inexpensive exploitation films is prurient ; on the other , many B movies display a high degree of craft and aesthetic ingenuity . In either usage , most B movies represent a particular genre -- the Western was a Golden Age B movie staple , while low-budget science-fiction and horror films became more popular in the 1950s . Early B movies were often part of series in which the star repeatedly played the same character . Almost always shorter than the top-billed films they were paired with , many had running times of 70 minutes or less . The term connoted a general perception that B movies were inferior to the more handsomely budgeted headliners ; individual B films were often ignored by critics . Latter-day B movies still sometimes inspire multiple sequels , but series are less common . As the average running time of top-of-the-line films increased , so did that of B pictures . In its current usage , the term has somewhat contradictory connotations : it may signal an opinion that a certain movie is ( a ) a genre film with minimal artistic ambitions or ( b ) a lively , energetic film uninhibited by the constraints imposed on more expensive projects and unburdened by the conventions of putatively `` serious '' independent film . The term is also now used loosely to refer to some higher-budgeted , mainstream films with exploitation-style content , usually in genres traditionally associated with the B movie . From their beginnings to the present day , B movies have provided opportunities both for those coming up in the profession and others whose careers are waning . Celebrated filmmakers such as Anthony Mann and Jonathan Demme learned their craft in B movies . They are where actors such as John Wayne and Jack Nicholson first became established , and they have provided work for former A movie actors , such as Vincent Price and Karen Black . Some actors , such as Bela Lugosi , Eddie Constantine and Pam Grier , worked in B movies for most of their careers . The term B actor is sometimes used to refer to a performer who finds work primarily or exclusively in B pictures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a063ec179338d902f7593839a3aa8c93", "text": "Anton Grot Anton Grot ( 18 January 1884 -- 21 March 1974 ) was a distinguished Polish art director long in Hollywood . He was known for his prolific output with Warner Brothers , contributing , in such films as Little Caesar , and Gold Diggers of 1933 to the distinctive Warners look and style . According to TCM.com , he showed a `` flair for harsh realism , Expressionistic horror and ornate romantic moods alike '' . He was born Antocz Franciszek Groszewski in Kiełbasin , Poland and died in Stanton , California . He studied at the Krakow art academy and at technical school in Koenigsberg , Germany , majoring in interior decoration , illustration , and design . He changed his name and emigrated to the U.S. in 1909 . The Lubin Company hired him to paint and design sets in 1913 , in Philadelphia ; and he also worked on films for Vitagraph and Pathé . At Pathé he developed his innovative techniques , along with William Cameron Menzies , in the way of using continuity sketches . His method of presenting a series of sketches of all the film 's sets would later become standard practice among Art Directors , particularly with Menzies ( his assistant in 1917 , on The Naulahka ) . Cinematographer Arthur Miller remembered Anton Grot : `` a gifted and talented artist who made beautiful charcoal drawings ... of the set before it was completed . All his compositions showed a full shot of each set , with all the delicate tones and shadings that suggested ideas for lighting and , in general , were of great help to me as a cameraman . '' Grot came to Hollywood in 1922 to assist Wilfred Buckland with the sets for the Douglas Fairbanks Robin Hood ; and stayed on , to work with Cecil B. DeMille and William K. Howard . He was eventually signed by Warner Bros , as `` art director , artist , and designer '' , and designed 80 films before his retirement in 1948 . Grot collaborated notably with fellow émigré , director Michael Curtiz , on 15 films . Beginning with the biblical epic Noah 's Ark ( 1928 ) , these included The Private Lives of Elizabeth and Essex ( 1938 ) , Captain Blood ( 1935 ) , The Sea Hawk ( 1940 ) , and Mildred Pierce ( 1945 ) . Grot is credited with contributing significantly to Curtiz ' personal style .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bf811c36aec0c51370349d6bcffd87bc", "text": "Angry Dad: The Movie `` Angry Dad : The Movie '' is the fourteenth episode of The Simpsons ' twenty-second season . It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on February 20 , 2011 . The plot of the episode involves Bart winning many awards for his new short film based on his web cartoon series Angry Dad , which was first introduced in `` I Am Furious ( Yellow ) '' , while Homer takes credit for the film during acceptance speeches . `` Angry Dad : The Movie '' was written by John Frink and directed by Matthew Nastuk , with Ricky Gervais , Halle Berry , Russell Brand , Maurice LaMarche , Nick Park and J. B. Smoove guest starring . Cultural references in the episode include Pixar , Toy Story , Wallace and Gromit , Kung Fu Panda , Ms. Pac-Man , SpongeBob SquarePants and the 68th Golden Globe Award ceremony . The episode was viewed in an estimated 6.35 million households , with a 2.8 Nielsen rating , marking a slight rise in audience from the previous episode , while the episode was the twenty-fifth most viewed show for the week of broadcast among adults aged 18 -- 49 . Critical reception of the episode was generally positive , with critics praising the episode 's use of visual gags and cultural references .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a64e74127f1eab4383b5c5dd705164e", "text": "Rob Minkoff Robert R. `` Rob '' Minkoff ( born August 11 , 1962 ) is an American filmmaker . He is known for directing the double Academy Award -- winning animated feature The Lion King ( along with Roger Allers ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "82ce5efc975419724b224b726e86091e", "text": "Set piece In film production , a set piece is a scene or sequence of scenes whose execution requires serious logistical planning and considerable expenditure of money . The term set piece is often used more broadly to describe any important dramatic or comedic highpoint in a film or story , particularly those that provide some kind of dramatic payoff , resolution , or transition . Thus the term is often used to describe any scenes that are so essential to a film that they can not be edited out or skipped in the shooting schedule without seriously damaging the integrity of the finished product . Often , screenplays are written around a list of such set pieces , particularly in high-budget `` event movies '' . Set pieces are very often planned meticulously using storyboards , screentests , and rehearsals , in contrast to smaller scenes where the director and actors may be more improvisational . Each action requires the combined efforts of different departments : set builders , physical effects , and special visual effects . On most films , different groups of people will work on different set pieces individually since they can take a long time to prepare before shooting . For example , the car chase in The Matrix Reloaded took months to prepare and cost $ 30 million , including $ 5 million to build the freeway set .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "85bd790a83336a2c5a265a353bd9c5ef", "text": "The Croods The Croods is a 2013 American 3D computer-animated adventure comedy film produced by DreamWorks Animation and distributed by 20th Century Fox . It stars the voices of Nicolas Cage , Emma Stone , Ryan Reynolds , Catherine Keener , Clark Duke , and Cloris Leachman . The film is set in a fictional prehistoric Pliocene era known as `` The Croodaceous '' ( a prehistoric period which contains fictional prehistoric creatures ) when a caveman 's position as a `` Leader of the Hunt '' is threatened by the arrival of a prehistoric genius who comes up with revolutionary new inventions as they trek through a dangerous but exotic land in search of a new home . The Croods was written and directed by Kirk DeMicco and Chris Sanders , and produced by Kristine Belson and Jane Hartwell . The film premiered at the 63rd Berlin International Film Festival on February 15 , 2013 , and was released in the United States on March 22 , 2013 . As part of the distribution deal , this is the first film from DreamWorks Animation to be distributed by 20th Century Fox , since the end of their distribution deal with Paramount Pictures . The Croods received generally positive reviews , and proved to be a box office success , earning more than $ 587 million on a budget of $ 135 million . The film launched a new franchise , with a television series , Dawn of the Croods , which debuted on December 24 , 2015 , on Netflix . A sequel was announced for a 2018 release , but was later cancelled .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3da37704c214f9a05ae94dfa27cd9df0", "text": "Scott Waugh Scott Waugh ( born 1970 or 1971 ) is an American film director , producer , and former stunt performer , best known for directing the 2012 war film Act of Valor with Mike McCoy . He also directed the Need for Speed film adaptation . He won the `` 10 Directors to Watch '' award at the 2012 Palm Springs International Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5784460fab954607c55204fad19a555b", "text": "The Family Way (soundtrack) The Family Way is a soundtrack recording composed by Paul McCartney , released in January 1967 . The album is the soundtrack to the 1966 film of the same name , directed by Roy Boulting and starring Hayley Mills . Produced and arranged by George Martin , the album was credited to `` The George Martin Orchestra '' and issued under the full title The Family Way ( Original Soundtrack Album ) . A 45rpm single , again credited to the George Martin Orchestra , was issued on 23 December 1966 , comprising `` Love in the Open Air '' backed with `` Theme From ` The Family Way ' '' , as United Artists UP1165 . The Family Way won an Ivor Novello Award in 1967 . It was remastered and released on CD in 1996 with new musical compositions not on the original 1967 soundtrack album . The recording took place over November and December 1966 , before the Beatles began work on their album Sgt. Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band . McCartney 's involvement in the project was minimal , according to biographer Howard Sounes , who quotes Martin 's recollection that he had to `` pester Paul for the briefest scrap of a tune '' with which to start writing the score . After McCartney had provided `` a sweet little fragment of a waltz tune '' , Martin continued , `` I was able to complete the score . '' Although The Family Way was released in January 1967 , most commentators consider George Harrison 's Wonderwall Music ( 1968 ) , also a film soundtrack , to be the first solo album by a member of the Beatles . Unlike with McCartney 's film score , Harrison directed and produced the recordings for Wonderwall Music , in addition to playing on some of the album . Following a 2003 CD reissue in mono , in 2011 a new remastered version of the soundtrack was released by Varese Vintage that featured the original 1967 score by Paul McCartney in the original sequence , remastered from the original first generation stereo master tapes , and included the unreleased stereo mix of `` A Theme From The Family Way '' as a bonus track , which had appeared originally as the B-side of the 1966 UK/US 7-inch single by the Tudor Minstrels .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d897ff2c19bd39533084592043cd8d83", "text": "Wiener Film Wiener Film ( German ; plural : Wiener Filme ; literally , `` Viennese film '' ) is an Austrian film genre , consisting of a combination of comedy , romance and melodrama in an historical setting , mostly , and typically , the Vienna of the late 19th and early 20th centuries . The Wiener Film genre was in production between the 1920s and the 1950s , with the 1930s as its high period .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d875ce99373262eb813192dfa0e54f8", "text": "The Moviegoer (album) The Moviegoer is the seventh studio album by the American solo artist Scott Walker . It was released in October 1972 but failed to chart . No singles were released from the album , though `` This Way Mary '' was later released as a b-side to Walker 's 1973 single `` The Me I Never Knew '' . The album consists solely of renditions of film theme songs originally performed by other artists . The album was the first of six studio albums ( the last two as The Walker Brothers ) in which Walker did not contribute original material . Having lost creative control of his music after the commercial failures of his previous two studio albums Scott 4 and 'Til the Band Comes In , Walker was tasked with recording `` inoffensive , middle-of-the-road material that could be easily processed , marketed and sold '' . By way of compromise Walker had some say in the song selection and drew together a selection of themes from some of his favourite films . The album was recorded quickly in the autumn of 1972 with Walker 's usual studio team consisting of producer Johnny Franz and engineer Peter J. Olliff . In a change from previous work , Robert Cornford was brought-in to produce the orchestral arrangements . Despite a push for commercial viability the album received negative reviews when released as an LP in October 1972 . The album was re-issued in 1975 by Contour record label with new sleeve art . The album has since been deleted and has not been reissued .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64daf635e0704799258b62ebaea7c666", "text": "Art film An art film is typically a serious , independent film aimed at a niche market rather than a mass market audience . An art film is `` intended to be a serious artistic work , often experimental and not designed for mass appeal '' ; they are `` made primarily for aesthetic reasons rather than commercial profit '' , and they contain `` unconventional or highly symbolic content '' . Film critics and film studies scholars typically define an art film as possessing `` formal qualities that mark them as different from mainstream Hollywood films '' , which can include , among other elements , a sense of social realism ; an emphasis on the authorial expressiveness of the director ; and a focus on the thoughts , dreams , or motivations of characters , as opposed to the unfolding of a clear , goal-driven story . Film scholar David Bordwell describes art cinema as `` a film genre , with its own distinct conventions '' . Art film producers usually present their films at specialty theatres ( repertory cinemas , or , in the U.S. , `` arthouse cinemas '' ) and film festivals . The term art film is much more widely used in the United States , the UK and Australia than in Europe , where the term is more associated with `` auteur '' films and `` national cinema '' ( e.g. , German national cinema ) . Because they are aimed at small niche market audiences , they can rarely get the financial backing that will permit large production budgets , expensive special effects , costly celebrity actors , or huge advertising campaigns , as are used in widely released mainstream blockbuster films . Art film directors make up for these constraints by creating a different type of film , which typically uses lesser-known film actors ( or even amateur actors ) and modest sets to make films that focus much more on developing ideas or exploring new narrative techniques or film-making conventions . A certain degree of experience and knowledge are required to fully understand or appreciate such films . One mid-1990s art film was called `` largely a cerebral experience '' that one enjoys `` because of what you know about film '' . This contrasts sharply with mainstream `` blockbuster '' films , which are geared more towards escapism and pure entertainment . For promotion , art films rely on the publicity generated from film critics ' reviews , discussion of their film by arts columnists , commentators and bloggers , and `` word-of-mouth '' promotion by audience members . Since art films have small initial investment costs , they only need to appeal to a small portion of the mainstream viewing audiences to become financially viable .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7715c6d2158d1664e14b3fe0bf7fe7b7", "text": "The Simpsons The Simpsons is an American animated sitcom created by Matt Groening for the Fox Broadcasting Company . The series is a satirical depiction of working-class life epitomized by the Simpson family , which consists of Homer , Marge , Bart , Lisa , and Maggie . The show is set in the fictional town of Springfield and parodies American culture , society , television , and the human condition . The family was conceived by Groening shortly before a solicitation for a series of animated shorts with producer James L. Brooks . Groening created a dysfunctional family and named the characters after members of his own family , substituting Bart for his own name . The shorts became a part of The Tracey Ullman Show on April 19 , 1987 . After a three-season run , the sketch was developed into a half-hour prime time show and became an early hit for Fox , becoming the network 's first series to land in the Top 30 ratings in a season ( 1989 -- 90 ) . Since its debut on December 17 , 1989 , episodes of The Simpsons have been broadcast . Its 28th season began on September 25 , 2016 . It is the longest-running American sitcom and the longest-running American animated program , and , in 2009 , it surpassed Gunsmoke as the longest-running American scripted primetime television series . The Simpsons Movie , a feature-length film , was released in theaters worldwide on July 27 , 2007 , and grossed over $ 527 million . On November 4 , 2016 , the series was renewed for a twenty-ninth and thirtieth season of 22 episodes each , extending the show to 2019 . The Simpsons received widespread critical acclaim throughout its first nine seasons , which are generally considered its `` Golden Age '' . Time named it the 20th century 's best television series , and Erik Adams of The A.V. Club named it `` television 's crowning achievement regardless of format '' . On January 14 , 2000 , the Simpson family was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame . It has won dozens of awards since it debuted as a series , including 31 Primetime Emmy Awards , 30 Annie Awards , and a Peabody Award . Homer 's exclamatory catchphrase `` D'oh ! '' has been adopted into the English language , while The Simpsons has influenced many adult-oriented animated sitcoms . Despite this , the show has also been criticized for what many perceive as a decline in quality over the years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "420181c102249635ac2ea219df063f9a", "text": "Homeward Bound (song) `` Homeward Bound '' is a song by American music duo Simon & Garfunkel from their third studio album , Parsley , Sage , Rosemary and Thyme ( 1966 ) , although it was recorded during the sessions for their second album Sounds of Silence and included on that album in the UK . Produced by Bob Johnston , the song was released as a single on January 19 , 1966 by Columbia Records . Written by Paul Simon , the song was composed in 1964 during his period in England . Away from his girlfriend , Kathy Chitty , while touring clubs , Simon felt depressed and homesick . He first penned the song on a scrap of paper at Widnes railway station . `` Homeward Bound '' was the duo 's second single , the follow-up to their enormously successful breakthrough hit `` The Sound of Silence '' . It performed very well domestically , peaking at number five on the Billboard Hot 100 , remaining on the charts for 12 weeks . Internationally , the song performed best in Canada , where it hit number two ; it was also a top five hit in the Netherlands .", "title": "" } ]	fever
e76f1b9844daf70bdc3b783d236c1fac	Tori Kelly was on a singing contest.	[ { "docid": "d4239a5206b28103b52a5c69ada9209c", "text": "Tori Kelly Victoria Loren `` Tori '' Kelly ( born December 14 , 1992 ) is an American singer , songwriter , record producer and voice actress who slowly gained recognition after starting to post videos on YouTube at the age of 14 . When she was 16 , Kelly auditioned for the singing competition television series American Idol . After being eliminated from the show , Kelly began to work on her own music . In 2012 , she independently released her first EP that she produced , wrote , and mixed herself , titled Handmade Songs By Tori Kelly . The following year , Scooter Braun became her manager after seeing her videos on YouTube and introduced her to Capitol Records , with whom she signed in September . Kelly 's second EP Foreword came out in October 2013 as her first major label release . On June 23 , 2015 , Kelly 's debut album , Unbreakable Smile , was released . The lead single , `` Nobody Love '' , was released in the spring and became her first US Billboard Hot 100 appearance . Kelly was nominated for Best New Artist at the 58th Grammy Awards . She voiced a shy teenage elephant named Meena in the 2016 animated film Sing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1dce3310502165a35908eaaf1135250f", "text": "American Idol American Idol is an American singing competition television series created by Simon Fuller , produced by FremantleMedia North America and 19 Entertainment , and distributed by FremantleMedia North America . It began airing on Fox on June 11 , 2002 , and ended its first-run on April 7 , 2016 . In 2018 , the show will make its debut on ABC . It started off as an addition to the Idols format based on the British series Pop Idol , and became one of the most successful shows in the history of American television . The concept of the series involves discovering recording stars from unsigned singing talents , with the winner determined by the viewers in America through telephones , Internet , and SMS text voting . Winners chosen by viewers in its fifteen seasons were Kelly Clarkson , Ruben Studdard , Fantasia , Carrie Underwood , Taylor Hicks , Jordin Sparks , David Cook , Kris Allen , Lee DeWyze , Scotty McCreery , Phillip Phillips , Candice Glover , Caleb Johnson , Nick Fradiani , and Trent Harmon.American Idol employed a panel of judges who critiqued the contestants ' performances . The original judges were record producer and music manager Randy Jackson , pop singer and choreographer Paula Abdul and music executive and manager Simon Cowell . The judging panel for the final seasons consisted of country singer Keith Urban , singer and actress Jennifer Lopez , and jazz singer Harry Connick , Jr. . The first season was hosted by radio personality Ryan Seacrest and comedian Brian Dunkleman , with Seacrest as the sole master of ceremonies for the rest of the series . The success of American Idol has been described as `` unparalleled in broadcasting history '' . The series was also said by a rival TV executive to be `` the most impactful show in the history of television '' . It became a recognized springboard for launching the career of many artists as bona fide stars . According to Billboard magazine , in its first ten years , `` Idol has spawned 345 Billboard chart-toppers and a platoon of pop idols , including Kelly Clarkson , Carrie Underwood , Katharine McPhee , Chris Daughtry , Fantasia , Ruben Studdard , Jennifer Hudson , Clay Aiken , Adam Lambert and Jordin Sparks while remaining a TV ratings juggernaut . '' For an unprecedented eight consecutive years , from the 2003 -- 04 television season through the 2010 -- 11 season , either its performance or result show had been ranked number one in U.S. television ratings . The series concluded its original run on Fox after 15 seasons . American Idol will return for a sixteenth season -- its first on ABC -- in 2018 . The announcement was made official on Good Morning America '' on May 9 , 2017 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "2bc51c6e831ab466ab487ec2d73c9290", "text": "Before Your Love `` Before Your Love '' is a song recorded by American pop singer Kelly Clarkson . It was released as her debut single alongside `` A Moment Like This '' on September 17 , 2002 , following her win as the first American Idol winner . It went on to become the best-selling single of 2002 in the United States . A new mix of song was later included on her debut album , Thankful ( 2003 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c61f70e77e92437194d74bc8ecb3402e", "text": "Past the Mission `` Past the Mission '' is a song by American singer-songwriter and musician Tori Amos . It was released as the third single from her second studio album Under the Pink in Europe , Australasia and North America ; but was the fourth release worldwide , due to a varied released schedule in different countries . `` Past the Mission '' was released in May 1994 by EastWest Records in the UK , in July 1994 in Australasia , and in September 1994 by Atlantic Records in North America . Two different CD singles containing live B-sides were released in the UK , and the second of these was released in continental Europe and Australia . In the US , the single was only released commercially on cassette , although a promotional CD single was produced .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ce10bfe8c9067bfac23f08437478cf0b", "text": "Ryan Kelly (singer) Ryan John Kelly is an Irish singer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "457da21f584d2058eca616d24ac7ca54", "text": "Tri-Pride tri-Pride is an annual non-profit lesbian , gay , bisexual , transgender and queer Pride festival in the Waterloo Region of Ontario , encompassing the cities of Cambridge , Kitchener and Waterloo . Prior to the launch of Guelph Pride in 2003 , the event also included the city of Guelph . The official name of the organization is tri-Pride Community Association Inc. . A diverse range of events are held in all three cities . tri-Pride is considered Canada 's largest regional pride festival . This event was formed in 1995 and grew ever since inception . Unlike some larger pride events , tri-Pride does not currently stage a parade , with its two week-long program of events instead culminating in a weekend concert in Kitchener 's Civic Centre Park . Performers at the 2013 festival included Gabe Lopez , God Made Me Funky , Drake Jensen , Sarah Smith and The Ecstatic . The tri-Pride Live Music Festival headliners for 2014 were Pop/Disco/Motown / R&B and Grammy Winning Legend Ms. Thelma Houston and Canadian Idol Winner Theo Tams . The event was extended to a week in 2003 , and its 3,000 visitors made it the one of the largest pride events in southern Ontario after Toronto Pride . The Waterloo Region Record , Labatt Brewing Company , and CKCO-DT have been sponsors of the event . The 2011 edition included a horse race at Grand River Raceway in Elora , Ontario which was claimed to be `` harness racing 's first-ever Drag ( Queen ) Race '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "728ce7c731185cc5c3bf568619e73491", "text": "Satisfy You (Puff Daddy song) `` Satisfy You '' , released on October 13 , 1999 , is a number-one R&B single by American hip-hop artist and producer Puff Daddy and features vocals by American R&B singer-songwriter R. Kelly on the hook The song spent six weeks at number one on the U.S. R&B chart and peaked at number two on the Billboard Hot 100 chart for three weeks behind `` Smooth '' by Santana featuring Rob Thomas . The song was co-written by both Combs and R. Kelly , with additional writing by R&B singer Kelly Price , who performs backing vocals . The song 's beat and bassline is taken from `` I Got 5 on It '' by Luniz , which itself interpolates Club Nouveau 's `` Why You Treat Me So Bad '' among others . The song garnered a nomination for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group at the 42nd Grammy Awards in 2000 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b57de5f2674dea70c1cb6e0a25e44357", "text": "Because of You (Kelly Clarkson song) `` Because of You '' is a song recorded by American pop singer Kelly Clarkson for her second studio album , Breakaway ( 2004 ) . It was written by Clarkson along with its producers David Hodges and Ben Moody . It was released on August 16 , 2005 by RCA Records , as the third single from Breakaway . Clarkson originally wrote `` Because of You '' when she was 16 years old to cope with the emotional distress caused by her parents ' divorce . She wanted the song to be included on her debut studio album , Thankful ( 2003 ) , but her record label rejected the song . She then polished the song with Hodges and Moody before successfully convincing her label to include it on Breakaway . Lyrically , `` Because of You '' explores the pain of a deteriorating relationship with her father . Critics noted that the lyrics are Clarkson 's ode to her father . The song begins with a piano-led melody and as it launches into the chorus , the sound of a roaring guitar becomes apparent . `` Because of You '' received acclaim from music critics , who complimented its expressive lyrics , creative arrangement and Clarkson 's vocal prowess . It peaked at number seven on the Billboard Hot 100 and sold over 1.5 million digital downloads in the United States . It was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) . `` Because of You '' became Clarkson 's biggest success in Europe , topping the European Hot 100 Singles chart . It also reached number one in the Netherlands , Denmark and Switzerland , as well as the top ten in Australia , Austria , Canada , Germany , Belgium , Hungary , Ireland , and the United Kingdom . The song 's accompanying music video was directed by Vadim Perelman . Clarkson wrote the treatment for the video herself in order to reflect the pain that she felt due to her parents ' divorce . The video 's plot centers on Clarkson engaging in a heated argument with her husband in front of her child before realizing that she was repeating her parents ' mistake . It won in the category for Best Female Video at the 2006 MTV Video Music Awards . `` Because of You '' was performed live at numerous venues , including the My December Tour ( 2007 ) as well as the All I Ever Wanted Tour ( 2009 ) . It was covered by several artists including Ronan Parke , who was a runner-up in the fifth series of Britain 's Got Talent , and added to the international soundtrack of Brazilian soap opera Belíssima . In 2007 , the song was recorded by Reba McEntire as a duet with Clarkson , which was released as a lead single for McEntire 's twenty-fourth studio album Reba : Duets . `` Piece by Piece '' , the title track from Clarkson 's seventh studio album , serves as the canonical sequel to `` Because of You '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e148c09c20e1a13cc86cfcb3b5a85cfe", "text": "Lullaby (Professor Green song) `` Lullaby '' is a song by British rapper Professor Green . It features the vocals from American singer Tori Kelly . It was released on 14 September 2014 as the lead single from Green 's third studio album , Growing Up in Public .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ab67c0a9ab4557eb48cb76b4f31ecb2", "text": "American Idol (season 9) The ninth season of American Idol premiered on January 12 , 2010 and concluded on May 26 , 2010 on Fox . Simon Cowell , Randy Jackson and Kara DioGuardi returned to the judging panel . Ellen DeGeneres joined the panel as a replacement for Paula Abdul after guest judges filled in during the auditions . Idol Gives Back also returned for the season and was held on April 21 , 2010 , during the top seven results show . The top 24 semi-finals format used in the fourth through seventh seasons also returned this season . Cowell , DioGuardi and DeGeneres all left the show after this season ended , although only Cowell 's departure was announced in advance . This was the second season where neither of the final 2 contestants had been in the bottom 2 or 3 prior to the finale , with the first being the seventh season . This was also the third consecutive season a male contestant had won , the longest streak for either gender . It was the first season since sixth season where a female made it to the finale and was also the first time since seventh season seven that both the finalists released a different song as a debut single . Lee DeWyze , a folk rocker from Mount Prospect , Illinois won the competition , beating the runner-up Crystal Bowersox . Eight contestants from this season were signed to record labels . The signed artists are Lee DeWyze , Crystal Bowersox , Casey James , Michael Lynche , Siobhan Magnus , Tim Urban , Didi Benami , and Lacey Brown .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d5c1b8722a02253bdc8bbf542c4bbf0", "text": "List of songs recorded by Tori Kelly Tori Kelly is an American singer , songwriter , record producer and actress who slowly gained recognition after starting to post videos on YouTube at the age of 14 . When she was 16 , Kelly auditioned for the singing competition television series American Idol . After being eliminated from the show , Kelly began to work on her own music . In 2012 , she independently released her first EP that she produced , wrote , and mixed herself , titled Handmade Songs By Tori Kelly . The following year , Scooter Braun became her manager after seeing her videos on YouTube and introduced her to Capitol Records , with whom she signed in September . Kelly 's second EP Foreword came out in October 2013 as her first major label release . On June 23 , 2015 , Kelly 's debut album , Unbreakable Smile , was released . The lead single , `` Nobody Love '' , was released in the spring and became her first US Billboard Hot 100 appearance . Kelly was nominated for Best New Artist at the 58th Grammy Awards . She will star as a shy teenage elephant named Meena in the 2016 movie , Sing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7c5128a879334c420e4972ef8b4862b7", "text": "MTV Video Music Award for Best Video with a Social Message The MTV Video Music Award for Best Video with a Social Message is an award handed out at the yearly MTV Video Music Awards , first introduced at the 2011 ceremony . The first winner of the category was Lady Gaga . As of 2015 , Kelly Clarkson , Rise Against , and Beyoncé have received the most nominations in this category , being nominated twice .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "801e749256f47fb490510b39a05abacc", "text": "America's Got Talent (season 4) The fourth season of America 's Got Talent , an American television reality show talent competition , premiered on the NBC network on June 23 , 2009 . Country singer Kevin Skinner was named the winner on September 16 , 2009 . This season is the first season to be broadcast in high definition . This season 's host is Nick Cannon , who replaced Jerry Springer . Springer had said that he could not host due to other commitments . David Hasselhoff , Piers Morgan and Sharon Osbourne returned judges , despite rumors that Osbourne would be leaving the show . Season four was Hasselhoff 's final season as a judge . This season started broadcasting live on August 4 , 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da840d95d86bd6971d04ba89f158abd2", "text": "A Moment Like This `` A Moment Like This '' is the debut single by American singer Kelly Clarkson , the winner of the first season of American Idol . It was released as a double-A side with `` Before Your Love '' and topped the Billboard Hot 100 . The song was later included on her debut album , Thankful ( 2003 ) . It is her coronation song from American Idol . In 2006 , the song was recorded and released by British singer Leona Lewis , the winner of the third series of The X Factor . Her version gained the Christmas number one , outselling the rest of the top 40 combined . Lewis ' version has sold 914,000 copies as of 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f0d8aa1cb965fcb6cdd3d8070f429dd0", "text": "Abnormally Attracted to Sin Abnormally Attracted to Sin is the tenth solo studio album by American singer-songwriter Tori Amos , released 19 May 2009 , in standard and limited CD/DVD edition . The album debuted on Billboard 200 at no. 9 , giving Amos her seventh Top 10 album in the US . Unlike Amos ' previous releases since 2000 , which drew upon various external sources such as feminism , religion and politics , the album is considered a mainly personal album . The album 's lead single is `` Welcome to England '' . The song was a moderate hit on Triple A radio in the US . The release was supported by the Sinful Attraction Tour in the US , Europe , and Australia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "257f3b722a90544e1bf9d2b665d93890", "text": "2014 iHeartRadio Music Awards The 2014 iHeartRadio Music Awards , was the inaugural music award show presented by iHeartMedia 's platform iHeartRadio and NBC . The awards were held on May 1 , 2014 , at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles . The awards show was announced on February 26 , 2014 . The nominations were compiled by the results of Mediabase charts , listener feedback and digital straming data from the iHeartRadio platform and announced on March 26 , 2014 . The awards recognized the biggest artists and songs of the year . The show was directed by Hamish Hamilton . The voting took place on iHeartRadio 's official webpage except for the `` Instagram Award '' , where voting took place on social network Instagram . Rihanna led the nominations with eight and also became the biggest winner of the night with four wins including Artist of the Year and Song of the Year . NBC 's telecast of the iHeartRadio Music Awards drew 5.4 million viewers overall and a rating of 1.7 in the key 18-to-49-year-old demographic .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0cd97e0ab78f62d86c2603b8a617f62d", "text": "Young Divas Young Divas was an Australian pop girl group , which formed in 2006 by Sony BMG Australia initially for a one-off single and national tour to promote all members as solo artists . The original line up consisted of former Australian Idol contestants , including season one finalist Paulini , season two contestant Ricki-Lee Coulter , season three winner Kate DeAraugo and runner-up Emily Williams . Young Divas released a cover of `` This Time I Know It 's for Real '' to attract attention for the tour . The song peaked at number two on the ARIA Singles Chart and was certified platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association ( ARIA ) . A cover of `` Happenin ' All Over Again '' was later released as their second single , which peaked at number nine and was certified gold . Due to their commercial success , Sony BMG decided that the Young Divas would record a full-length album of classic disco and pop covers titled , Young Divas , in November 2006 . The album debuted at number four on the ARIA Albums Chart and was certified double platinum . In June 2007 , Coulter parted ways with the group to resume her solo music career and was replaced by season four runner-up Jessica Mauboy . Young Divas released their second album New Attitude in November 2007 , which debuted at number 10 on the ARIA Albums Chart and was certified gold . The album 's lead single `` Turn Me Loose '' ( featuring rapper Savage ) reached number 15 on the ARIA Singles Chart . In 2008 , Young Divas officially disbanded with all members resuming their solo music careers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2744bb60a30a000dfb09eb96df9cde4b", "text": "Rock 'n' Roll Kids `` Rock 'n' Roll Kids '' was the winning song of the Eurovision Song Contest 1994 , composed by Brendan Graham and performed for Ireland by Paul Harrington and Charlie McGettigan . The song was Ireland 's sixth overall victory , and represented an unprecedented third consecutive time that the same country had won the Contest . There is a belief among many Eurovision fans that the song was deliberately chosen not to win , as it was performed by a male duo ( no male duos had ever won before ) and in a very static manner . The pair were also much older than any other winners had been . As the Contest rules require the previous year 's winner to host the next edition of the Contest , the argument runs that the Irish broadcaster was not prepared to do this , hence the selection . The song , however , won the contest and is generally considered one of the Contest 's better entries - being performed in part by McGettigan and Jakob Sveistrup at the Congratulations special in late 2005 . It was the first winning song ever to be performed without orchestral accompaniment , as McGettigan 's guitar and Harrington 's piano were the only instruments needed . It was also the first time in the contest when a song scored over 200 points . Lyrically , the song is a lament for the singers ' lost youths and the life of Kevin Linehan . They remember growing up and listening to the popular music of the time ( Jerry Lee Lewis and Elvis Presley ) and generally being trendy . The song then moves forwards to the present , where both men are `` too busy running to a different beat '' to even stay in close contact with each other - while their children `` do n't wan na be around us no more '' . The song was performed third on the night , following Finland 's CatCat with `` Bye Bye Baby '' and preceding Cyprus ' Evridiki with `` Ime Anthropos Ki Ego '' . At the close of voting , it had received 226 points , placing 1st in a field of 25 . The song was succeeded as winner in 1995 by Secret Garden representing Norway with `` Nocturne '' . It was succeeded as Irish representative at the 1995 Contest by Eddie Friel with `` Dreamin ' '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3aec8b5ed8f6a04b0faec61e1c322caa", "text": "Rising Star (U.S. TV series) Rising Star was a short-lived American reality television singing competition which began airing on ABC on June 22 , 2014 . It was based on the international franchise series Rising Star itself based on the Israeli singing competition HaKokhav HaBa ( meaning `` The Next Star '' ) made by Keshet Broadcasting Ltd. . The program format lets viewers vote for contestants via mobile apps . It was filmed live in Los Angeles . The show is also carried in Canada , with advertising simultaneous substitution and voting access on CTV . Jesse Kinch was the winner of Rising Stars first and only season with a vote of 76 % . Macy Kate holds the record of highest vote with 93 % and she came in 9th place . Daniel & Olivia hold the record of lowest vote with 6 % and they came in last place . Rising Star was cancelled after the season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "995543e3236de0159330bfc937b3a968", "text": "Popularity contest A popularity contest is a real or hypothetical contest in which the sole criterion for winning is how many votes one gets , such that the winner is the most liked contestant . Although the phrase is often used disparagingly to suggest that other contests are excessively superficial , the term historically referred to real contests sponsored by newspapers in late 19th century and early 20th century America . In 1914 , the legality of these contests was challenged . A Kentucky appeals court ruled that popularity contests did not violate the state 's lottery law .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bf459c30dd2a06412b49ee78b96d4c16", "text": "Papa Don't Preach `` Papa Do n't Preach '' is a song by American singer Madonna from her third studio album True Blue ( 1986 ) . The song was written by Brian Elliot with additional lyrics by Madonna , and produced by Stephen Bray and Madonna . The song also appears remixed on the 1990 compilation album The Immaculate Collection and in its original form on the 2009 compilation album Celebration . The song 's musical style combines pop and classical styling , and its lyrics deal with teenage pregnancy and abortion . It was based on teen gossip Elliot heard outside his studio , which has a large front window that doubles as a mirror where schoolgirls from the North Hollywood High School in Los Angeles regularly stopped to fix their hair and chat . Released as the album 's second single in mid-1986 , the song was a commercial success . It became Madonna 's fourth number-one single on the Billboard Hot 100 , and performed well internationally , reaching the top position in the United Kingdom and Australia . It was well received by music critics and was frequently cited as a highlight in the album . The music video , directed by James Foley , shows Madonna 's second image makeover , featuring her with a more toned and muscular body , and cropped platinum blonde hair . It portrayed a storyline where Madonna is trying to tell her father about her pregnancy . The images are juxtaposed with shots of Madonna dancing and singing in a small , darkened studio , and spending a romantic evening with her boyfriend . Shortly after its release , the song caused heated discussions about its lyrical content . Women 's organizations and others in the family planning field criticized Madonna for encouraging teenage pregnancy , while groups opposed to abortion saw the song as having a positive pro-life message . Madonna has performed `` Papa Do n't Preach '' in four of her world tours , most recently The MDNA Tour in 2012 . The song also caused her first conflict with the Vatican , as she dedicated it to Pope John Paul II , who urged Italian fans to boycott her concerts during the Who 's That Girl World Tour in 1987 . In 2002 , British singer Kelly Osbourne recorded a hard rock cover of the song which was included as a bonus track on her debut album Shut Up .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7bd8af40bad9af60b6e40673b746a063", "text": "Country Music Association The Country Music Association ( CMA ) was founded in 1958 in Nashville , Tennessee . It originally consisted of only 233 members and was the first trade organization formed to promote a music genre . The objectives of the organization are to guide and enhance the development of Country Music throughout the world ; to demonstrate it as a viable medium to advertisers , consumers , and media ; and to provide a unity of purpose for the Country Music industry . However the CMA may be best known to most country music fans for its annual Country Music Association Awards broadcast live on network television each fall ( usually October or November ) . Initially , CMA 's Board of Directors included nine directors and five officers . Wesley Rose , president of Acuff-Rose Publishing , Inc. , served as CMA 's first chairman of the board . Broadcasting entrepreneur and executive Connie B. Gay was the founding president . Originally there were nine individual membership categories . The current 15 categories represent all facets of the music industry . Organizational memberships are also available . CMA membership is composed of those persons or organizations that are involved in Country Music , directly and substantially . The first CMA Awards ceremony was held in 1967 in Nashville . Sonny James and Bobbie Gentry hosted the event , which was not televised . The winner of the first `` Entertainer of the Year '' award was singer Eddy Arnold . `` Male Vocalist of the Year '' went to Jack Greene and `` Female Vocalist of the Year '' to Loretta Lynn . In 1968 , Roy Rogers and Dale Evans hosted the awards , which were presented at the Ryman Auditorium in Nashville . ( The ceremony was filmed and televised on NBC a few weeks later . ) The first live telecast of the show was in 1969 . Annual awards are given in the following twelve categories : Entertainer of the Year , Male Vocalist , Female Vocalist , New Artist of the Year ( formerly the Horizon Award ) , Vocal Group , Vocal Duo , Single , Album , Song , Music Event , Music Video , and Musician . The CMA also gives a `` CMA Broadcast Award '' to country-formatted radio stations each year . Broadcast Awards are segmented based on market size , major market ( Arbitron Ranking 1 -- 25 ) , large market ( Arbitron Ranking 26 -- 50 ) , medium market ( Arbitron Ranking 51 -- 100 ) , and small market ( All other Markets ) . A single station can not win the award in consecutive years . In honor of the association 's 50th anniversary , MCA Nashville released a song called `` Forever Country '' .", "title": "" } ]	fever
70ccb2da171f8e75f27b5d1de78c7190	The Americans premiered in North America.	[ { "docid": "fa2ffc9b88ad09efc2961554d5007458", "text": "The Americans (2013 TV series) The Americans is an American television period drama series created and produced by former CIA officer Joe Weisberg . The series premiered in the United States on January 30 , 2013 on the cable network FX . Set in the early 1980s during the Cold War , The Americans is the story of Elizabeth ( Keri Russell ) and Philip Jennings ( Matthew Rhys ) , two Soviet KGB officers posing as an American married couple living in the northern Virginia suburbs of Washington , D.C. , with their children Paige ( Holly Taylor ) and Henry ( Keidrich Sellati ) and their neighbor Stan Beeman ( Noah Emmerich ) , an FBI agent working in counterintelligence . On May 25 , 2016 , FX set an end-date for the series by renewing it for a fifth and sixth season . The 10-episode sixth and final season is slated to air in 2018 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "d8a2191b378c2abcc88a6e862d562bce", "text": "The Clock (The Americans) `` The Clock '' is the second episode of the first season of the period drama television series The Americans . It originally aired on FX in the United States on February 6 , 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1d0471a8d5aac000d5f50f7d66e6c363", "text": "Into the West (miniseries) Into the West is a 2005 miniseries produced by Steven Spielberg and DreamWorks , with six two-hour episodes ( including commercials ) . The series was first broadcast in the U.S. on Turner Network Television ( TNT ) on six Fridays starting on June 10 , 2005 . It was also shown in the UK on BBC2 and BBC HD from November 4 , 2006 , and in Canada on CBC Television . The series also aired in the U.S. on AMC during the summer ( June/July ) and fall ( autumn , September/October ) of 2012 . The miniseries begins in the 1820s and is told mainly through the third person narration of Jacob Wheeler ( Matthew Settle ) and Loved By the Buffalo ( Joseph M. Marshall III ) , although episodes outside the direct observation of both protagonists are also shown . The plot follows the story of two families , one white American , one Native American , as their lives become mingled through the momentous events of American expansion . The story intertwines real and fictional characters and events spanning the period of expansion of the United States in the American West , from 1825 to 1890 . The show has a large cast , with about 250 speaking parts . The series features well known performers including Josh Brolin , Gary Busey , Michael Spears , Tonantzin Carmelo , Skeet Ulrich , Garrett Wang , Steve Reevis , Rachael Leigh Cook , Wes Studi , Irene Bedard , Alan Tudyk , Christian Kane , Russell Means , Jay Tavare , David Midthunder , Keri Russell , Graham Greene , Zahn McClarnon , Tom Berenger , Gil Birmingham , David Paymer , Raoul Trujillo , Eric Schweig , Lance Henriksen , Simon R. Baker , Tyler Christopher , Tatanka Means , Tokala Clifford , Gordon Tootoosis , Sheila Tousey , and Will Patton . It was filmed in Drumheller , Alberta and Santa Fe , New Mexico .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a7857cf9768ff317f8d4c517ab2b4b13", "text": "America: A Tribute to Heroes America : A Tribute to Heroes was a benefit concert created by the heads of the four major American broadcast networks ; Fox , ABC , NBC and CBS . Joel Gallen was selected by them to produce and run the show . Actor George Clooney organized celebrities to perform and to staff the telephone bank . The marketing and public relations was headed by Warner Bros. . EVP Corp Comm with assistance from the marketing and publicity departments of all four broadcast networks . It was broadcast live by the four major American television networks and all of the cable networks in the aftermath of the September 11 attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon in 2001 . Done in the style of a telethon , it featured a number of national and international entertainers performing to raise money for the victims and their families , particularly the New York City firefighters and New York City police officers . It aired September 21 , 2001 , uninterrupted and commercial-free , for which it won a Peabody Award . It was released on December 4 , 2001 , on compact disc and DVD . On a dark stage illuminated by hundreds of candles , twenty-one artists performed songs of mourning and hope , while various actors and other celebrities delivered short spoken messages . The musical performances took place at three studios in Los Angeles ( CBS Television City ) , New York , and London , while the celebrity messages took place at Los Angeles . Some of the musicians including Neil Young and Eddie Vedder were heard working the phone banks taking pledges . The money raised amounted to over $ 200 million , and was given to the United Way 's September 11 Telethon Fund . In 2004 , Rolling Stone magazine selected this concert , along with the later The Concert for New York City , as one of the 50 moments that changed rock and roll . The show was also simulcast in Canada ; Young and another Canadian singer , Celine Dion , performed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e427c74ac36d9f7ef46eaf235502571a", "text": "American Heiress American Heiress is a telenovela which debuted on March 13 , 2007 at 8 p.m. ET/7 p.m. CT on the American television network MyNetworkTV . This romantic melodrama tells the story of a roughneck pilot and a pampered heiress who survive a plane crash . The show was produced by Twentieth Television , based on the 2004 TV Azteca series La Heredera ( `` The Heiress '' ) . Heiress was the last series produced for MyNetworkTV 's original all-telenovela format . When the network dropped the serial after the July 18 , 2007 broadcast , most episodes were left unaired . 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment has not announced plans to release this series on DVD and/or Blu-ray . All 65 episodes aired overseas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18d223f3bc4831a2b83c5a5c76fa9c9d", "text": "Amerika (miniseries) Amerika is an American television miniseries that was broadcast in 1987 on ABC . The miniseries inspired a novelization entitled Amerika : The Triumph of the American Spirit . Amerika starred Kris Kristofferson , Mariel Hemingway , Sam Neill , Robert Urich , and a 17-year-old Lara Flynn Boyle in her first major role . Amerika was about life in the United States after a bloodless takeover engineered by the Soviet Union . Not wanting to depict the actual takeover , ABC Entertainment president Brandon Stoddard set the miniseries ten years after the event , focusing on the demoralized U.S. people a decade after the Soviet conquest . The intent , he later explained , was to explore the U.S. spirit under such conditions , not to portray the conflict of the Soviet coup . Described in promotional materials as `` the most ambitious American miniseries ever created , '' Amerika aired for 14 1/2 hours ( including commercials ) over seven nights ( beginning February 15 , 1987 ) , and reportedly cost US$ 40 million to produce . The miniseries was filmed in the Golden Horseshoe and southwestern Ontario Canadian cities of Toronto , London , and Hamilton , as well as various locations in the U.S. state of Nebraska -- most notably the small town of Tecumseh , which served as `` Milford , '' the fictional setting for most of the series . Donald Wrye was the executive producer , director , and writer of Amerika , while composer Basil Poledouris scored the miniseries , ultimately recording ( with the Hollywood Symphony Orchestra ) eight hours of music -- the equivalent of four feature films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "82f98c8f1e20f64c7d7a33a12764224b", "text": "American way The American way of life or simply the American way is the unique lifestyle of the people of the United States of America . It refers to a nationalist ethos that adheres to the principle of life , liberty and the pursuit of happiness . At the center of the American way is the American Dream that upward mobility is achievable by any American through hard work . This concept is intertwined with the concept of American exceptionalism , the belief in the unique culture of the nation . Author William Herberg offers the following definition : One commentator notes , `` The first half of Herberg 's statement still holds true nearly half a century after he first formulated it '' , even though `` Herberg 's latter claims have been severely if not completely undermined ... materialism no longer needs to be justified in high-sounding terms '' . In the National Archives and Records Administration 's 1999 Annual Report , National Archivist John W. Carlin writes , `` We are different because our government and our way of life are not based on the divine right of kings , the hereditary privileges of elites , or the enforcement of deference to dictators . They are based on pieces of paper , the Charters of Freedom - the Declaration that asserted our independence , the Constitution that created our government , and the Bill of Rights that established our liberties . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b8da8267e9f8fca652e931f1853ab92a", "text": "North Shore (TV series) North Shore is an American prime-time soap opera that aired on Fox every Monday at 8 p.m. EST ( 7 p.m. CST ) for seven months in 2004 and 2005 . It centered on the staff and guests of the fictional Grand Waimea Hotel and Resort ( actually the real-life Turtle Bay Resort located near Kahuku , O'ahu ) on Oahu 's North Shore in Hawaii . From Fox 's website : Intrigue abounds at the Grand Waimea Hotel , an exclusive Hawaiian escape for the wealthy , powerful and beautiful . Hawaiian native Jason Matthews runs the hotel and makes sure every guest gets everything they need . But when former flame Nicole Booth arrives as the hotel 's new Director of Guest Relations , Jason 's world is turned upside down . But Grand Waimea owner , Vincent Colville , is staying on top of him to make sure his past with Nicole wo n't affect their work life . North Shore premiered on June 14 , 2004 , with a 13-episode commitment from Fox . The show was canceled in January 2005 after a 21-episode , single-season run . The show ended on a cliffhanger , and the final episode of the series has only had a single airing , not being shown in most territories ( including America ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "84b98150c080c9b9522452a6b4f1b1be", "text": "American Soldiers American Soldiers is a 2005 film directed by Sidney J. Furie .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad6fe82fd2946450e207dc39809168ed", "text": "American Gods (TV series) American Gods is an American television series based on the novel of the same name , written by Neil Gaiman and originally published in 2001 . The television series was developed by Bryan Fuller and Michael Green for the premium cable network Starz . Fuller and Green are the showrunners for the series . Gaiman serves as an executive producer along with Fuller , Green , Craig Cegielski , Stefanie Berk , and Thom Beers . The first episode premiered on the Starz network and through their streaming application on April 30 , 2017 . In May 2017 , the series was renewed for a second season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "859de08dec1cdf63733d506ef63567bf", "text": "New Americans (film) New Americans is a 1944 American short documentary film directed by Slavko Vorkapić . It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Short .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bc984270ed0956f13831c40751201dd7", "text": "America America America America ( British title The Anatolian Smile -- a reference to an ongoing acknowledgment of the character Stavros ' captivating smile ) is a 1963 American dramatic film directed , produced and written by Elia Kazan , adapted from his own book , published in 1962 . The dust jacket of the novel has no comma in the title , nor does the title in the film itself . Many listings of the film include a comma . Inspired by the life of Kazan 's uncle , Avraam Elia Kazantzoglou , the director uses little-known cast members , with the entire storyline revolving around the central performance of Greek actor Stathis Giallelis ( born 1941 ) , twenty-two years old at the time of production , who is in virtually every scene of the nearly three-hour movie .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5b700124282189e803220832abb88116", "text": "Monsters and Mysteries in America Monsters and Mysteries in America is an American documentary television series that premiered March 24 , 2013 , on Destination America . Repeats air on the network 's sister-station , the Discovery Channel . It also sometimes airs on Animal Planet , particularly during one of their `` Monster weeks '' . In the United Kingdom , the series airs on the Sky-owned television channel Pick as Monsters and Mysteries .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8750e73fcfacbc9439059f26a6bc03ff", "text": "Filipino Americans Filipino Americans ( Mga Pilipinong Amerikano ) are Americans of Filipino descent . The term Filipino American is sometimes shortened to `` Fil-Ams '' , or `` Pinoy '' . According to Filipino American historian Dawn Mabalon , the earliest appearance of the term Pinoy ( alt . Pinay ) , was in a 1926 issue of the Filipino Student Bulletin . The article that featured the terms , is titled , `` Filipino Women in U.S. Excel in Their Courses : Invade Business , Politics . '' Some Filipinos believe that the term Pinoy was coined by Filipinos who came to the United States to distinguish themselves from Filipinos living in the Philippines . Filipinos in North America were first documented in the 16th century , with small settlements beginning in the 18th century . Mass migration did not begin until the early 20th Century when the Philippines was ceded from Spain to the United States in the Treaty of Paris .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "41ccba2ffc8cae2ba716f79eb9297a3f", "text": "America First (Homeland) `` America First '' is the sixth season finale of the American television drama series Homeland , and the 72nd episode overall . It premiered on Showtime on April 9 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2b8387fda7bb1df5b95dd2872b63c882", "text": "Undercover (2016 TV series) Undercover is a six-part BBC television drama series co-produced with BBC America which was first broadcast beginning 3 April 2016 . The series premiered in the United States as a six-hour miniseries on 16 and 17 November 2016 on BBC America ; it began its run on the CBC in Canada in August ( it has aired Mondays at 9pm/9 :30 NT , premiering 22 August 2016 . ) and on Canal + in France since January 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b2bdd5b7714cee1ed81a93b677012497", "text": "List of American Experience episodes American Experience , originally titled The American Experience , is an American television program and a PBS documentary series created by Peter McGhee . The series airs documentaries about historic events or historical figures that had an impact upon the United States government or its citizens . The show is produced primarily by WGBH-TV , a television station and PBS member located in Boston , Massachusetts . WGBH-TV creates non-commercial educational programs and distributes them on public television stations throughout the United States . However , other PBS affiliate stations , such as WNET in New York City , have co-produced episodes for the television series . Since the programs debut on October 4 , 1988 , American Experience has broadcast 326 episodes and has been a recipient of over 265 broadcast and web awards . The program 's twenty-ninth season premiered on January 10 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "29c8e2f4a5043af973a44c79b8e6a52e", "text": "1975 Deauville American Film Festival The 1st Deauville American Film Festival took place at Deauville , France from September 3 to 7 , 1975 . It was created by French writer Lionel Chouchan and French journalist and television producer André Halimi , which they described as '' ( to ) show films that only a few privileged - amazed or astonished -- people had discovered , in New York or Los Angeles , to French audiences , without exclusion , barriers or bias '' . It occurs every year since its creation at the end of the summer . They received funding from French entrepreneur and businessman Lucien Barrière 's group and mayor of Deauville at that time , Michel d'Ornano . The festival was non-competitive in nature and remained so until 1995 . It screened 12 feature films at three different sites , International Centre ( 1,500 seats ) , the Casino ( 700 vehicles ) and the Cinéma Morny ( two rooms of 271 and 99 seats ) . Initially the festival was attended by locals but with passing years its popularity increased and attracted international attention . The festival also highlighted the best of American cinematography .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "809debc50290939b0a441d22a591fe44", "text": "Non-Hispanic whites Non-Hispanic whites or whites not of Hispanic or Latino origin or `` Anglo '' '' ' , '' are people in the United States who , as defined by the Census Bureau , are considered racially white and are not of Hispanic or Latino origin/ethnicity . Non-Hispanic whites are a subcategory of white Americans , the other being white Hispanic and Latino Americans . Although generally all nations in Europe have contributed to the white population through emigration to Northern America in the last few centuries , the majority of non-Hispanic whites trace their origins to Northwestern Europe while other major sources originate in Southern and Eastern Europe ; German , Irish , and English ancestries are the most common . In the United States , this population was first derived from English ( and , to a lesser degree , French ) settlement of the Americas , as well as settlement by other Europeans such as the Germans and Dutch that began in the 17th century ( see History of the United States ) . Continued growth since the early 19th century is attributed to sustained very high birth rates alongside relatively low death rates among settlers and natives alike as well as periodically massive immigration from European countries , especially Germany , Ireland , England , Spain , Greece , Sweden and Norway , as well as Poland , Russia , and many more countries . In 2011 , for the first time in U.S. history , non-Hispanic whites accounted for under half of the births in the country , with 49.6 % of total births . At 197.2 million in 2012 , non-Hispanic whites comprise 62.8 % of the total U.S. population .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "de110ad9a6a96791f5856efc95fd03d7", "text": "American cuisine (disambiguation) American cuisine is a style of food preparation originating in the United States of America . American cuisine may also refer to : American Cuisine ( film ) , a 1998 French film Cuisine of the Americas , a variety of food preparation styles occurring in the Americas", "title": "" }, { "docid": "319a3f5a4398cb826006d94589502d44", "text": "The American Way (film) The American Way , also known as Riders of the Storm , is a 1986 American science fiction comedy film directed by Maurice Phillips and starring Dennis Hopper and Michael J. Pollard .", "title": "" } ]	fever
ce351109efd5013c18f591d03c3d1bbb	The Divergent Series' first movie had a director.	[ { "docid": "08906ddf582a89157aa9d328b84b5963", "text": "The Divergent Series The Divergent Series is a feature film series based on the Divergent novels by the American author Veronica Roth . Distributed by Summit Entertainment and Lionsgate Films , the series consists of four science fiction films set in a dystopian society . They have been produced by Lucy Fisher , Pouya Shabazian , and Douglas Wick and star Shailene Woodley and Theo James as lead characters Beatrice Prior ( Tris ) and Tobias Eaton ( Four ) , respectively . The supporting cast includes Ansel Elgort , Zoë Kravitz and Miles Teller . The first film in the series was directed by Neil Burger , while the second and third films were directed by Robert Schwentke . Development began in 2011 following Summit 's acquisition of the film rights to the Divergent novel in partnership with production company Red Wagon Entertainment . The studios announced production on the sequel following the first film 's strong performance in Thursday late-night screenings , where it grossed $ 4.9 million . They acquired film rights to the Allegiant novel in December 2013 , deciding in April 2014 to split the third novel into a two-part film adaptation . The first installment , Divergent ( 2014 ) , grossed over $ 288 million worldwide , while the second installment , The Divergent Series : Insurgent ( 2015 ) , grossed over $ 297 million worldwide . Insurgent was also the first Divergent film to be released in IMAX 3D . The third installment , The Divergent Series : Allegiant ( 2016 ) , grossed $ 179 million . The first three films of the series have grossed over $ 765 million worldwide .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "ab776c8e054188f0657ac63f8105ecf6", "text": "Film series A film series ( also referred to as a film franchise ) is a collection of related films in succession that share the same fictional universe , or are marketed as a series . Sometimes the work is conceived from the beginning as a multiple-film work , for example the Three Colours series , but in most cases the success of the original film inspires further films to be made . Individual sequels are relatively common , but are not always successful enough to spawn further installments . The Marvel Cinematic Universe is the highest grossing film series in unadjusted US Dollar figures surpassing the Harry Potter , Star Wars , James Bond , and Peter Jackson 's The Lord of the Rings series . However , `` Star Wars '' has the highest when adjusted for inflation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "34317b51b8f75fbba12560b3ff48c5d0", "text": "Joann Sfar Joann Sfar ( -LSB- ʒoan sfaʁ -RSB- ; born 28 August 1971 ) is a French comics artist , comic book creator , novelist , and film director .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8b8fea44713efced5901aa82aadf13f3", "text": "First Kill (2017 film) First Kill is an upcoming American action thriller film directed by Steven C. Miller and written by Nick Gordon . The film stars Bruce Willis and Hayden Christensen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "42ca9a037e3440c74d8c1aa800b03edb", "text": "Lorenzo di Bonaventura Lorenzo di Bonaventura ( -LSB- loˈrɛntso di bɔ nɑ vɛnˈtu rɑ -RSB- ; born November 29 , 1957 ) is an American film producer and founder of his company Di Bonaventura Pictures . He is best known for producing the Transformers film series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0ea3cc6152564d1dfb018734d8ef8a36", "text": "Alex Kurtzman Alex Kurtzman ( born September 7 , 1973 ) is an American film and television writer , producer and director .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bad19c3dce3757b5ea9404712dc5e510", "text": "Brent Ryan Green Brent Ryan Green ( born March 19 , 1984 ) is an American film director and producer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "62ec759bac6643768b991af393f2d1ae", "text": "Michael Crichton John Michael Crichton ( -LSB- ˈkraɪtən -RSB- October 23 , 1942 -- November 4 , 2008 ) was an American best-selling author , screenwriter , film director and producer best known for his work in the science fiction , medical fiction and thriller genres . His books have sold over 200 million copies worldwide , and many have been adapted into films . In 1994 , Crichton became the only creative artist ever to have works simultaneously charting at No. 1 in U.S. television ( ER ) , film ( Jurassic Park ) , and book sales ( Disclosure ) . His literary works are usually within the action genre and heavily feature technology . His novels epitomize the techno-thriller genre of literature , often exploring technology and failures of human interaction with it , especially resulting in catastrophes with biotechnology . Many of his future history novels have medical or scientific underpinnings , reflecting his medical training and science background . He wrote , among other works , The Andromeda Strain ( 1969 ) , Congo ( 1980 ) , Sphere ( 1987 ) , Travels ( 1988 ) , Jurassic Park ( 1990 ) , Rising Sun ( 1992 ) , Disclosure ( 1994 ) , The Lost World ( 1995 ) , Airframe ( 1996 ) , Timeline ( 1999 ) , Prey ( 2002 ) , State of Fear ( 2004 ) , Next ( 2006 ; the final book published before his death ) , Pirate Latitudes ( 2009 ) , an unfinished techno-thriller , Micro , which was published in November 2011 , and Dragon Teeth , a historical novel set during the `` Bone Wars '' , published worldwide in May 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be352d4edf0dee4df37f1be40e732c4c", "text": "C. Thomas Howell Christopher Thomas Howell ( born December 7 , 1966 ) , known as C. Thomas Howell , is an American actor and director . He starred in the films The Outsiders , as Ponyboy Curtis , and The Hitcher , as Jim Halsey . He also starred in Grandview U.S.A. , Red Dawn as Robert , Secret Admirer as Michael , and Soul Man , and appeared in E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial , The Amazing Spider-Man , and Justice League : The Flashpoint Paradox .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d840f45e17fe87bb4df1e62d10658ec8", "text": "Geoff Murphy Geoffrey Peter Murphy ( born 13 October 1938 ) is a New Zealand filmmaker , as a producer , director and screenwriter best known for his work during the renaissance of New Zealand cinema that began in the last half of the 1970s . His second feature Goodbye Pork Pie ( 1981 ) was the first New Zealand movie to win major commercial success on its own soil . Murphy directed a string of Hollywood features during the 1990s , before returning to New Zealand as second-unit director on The Lord of the Rings film trilogy . The versatile Murphy has also been a scriptwriter , special effects technician , schoolteacher and trumpet player .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2e119361dd928a98f5b9550e807920e5", "text": "Westworld (TV series) Westworld is an American science fiction western thriller television series created by Jonathan Nolan and Lisa Joy for HBO . It is based on the 1973 film of the same name , which was written and directed by American novelist Michael Crichton , and to a lesser extent on the 1976 sequel Futureworld . It is the second TV series based on the two films , the first being the short-lived 1980 series Beyond Westworld . Nolan and Joy serve as executive producers along with J. J. Abrams , Jerry Weintraub , and Bryan Burk , with Nolan directing the pilot . The first season premiered on October 2 , 2016 , concluded on December 4 , 2016 , and consists of ten episodes . In November 2016 , HBO renewed the show for a 10-episode second season , planned for a 2018 debut . The story takes place in the fictional Westworld , a technologically advanced Wild West -- themed amusement park populated by android hosts . Westworld caters to high-paying guests , who may indulge in whatever they wish within the park , without fear of retaliation from the hosts . The series ' debut on HBO garnered the network 's highest viewership ratings for a premiere since the first episode of True Detective in 2014 and Westworld ranks as the most-watched first season of an HBO original series ever . Westworld has received positive reviews by critics , with particular praise for the visuals , story , and acting .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d45120b87404900ca60bb77fe08bea6d", "text": "Blake Masters Blake Masters is an American writer , director , and producer of films and television series . He is the creator of the Showtime television series Brotherhood , developer of the NBC television series Law & Order : LA , and co-executive producer and writer of the NBC television series Crossbones .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "febc52f2f1329ccee0fc962e3fb24ccc", "text": "Jonathan Hensleigh Jonathan Blair Hensleigh ( born February 1959 ) is an American screenwriter and film director , working primarily in the action-adventure genre , best known for writing film such as Jumanji , Die Hard with a Vengeance , and Armageddon , as well as making his own directorial debut with the 2004 comic book action film The Punisher .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3b33149ae166aaa4c7f40c6b82e9745a", "text": "Joss Whedon Joss Whedon ( -LSB- ˈwiːdən -RSB- ) ( born Joseph Hill Whedon on June 23 , 1964 ) is an American screenwriter , film and television director , film and television producer , comic book author , and composer . He is the founder of Mutant Enemy Productions and co-founder of Bellwether Pictures , and is best known as the creator of the television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer ( 1997 -- 2003 ) , Angel ( 1999 -- 2004 ) , Firefly ( 2002 ) , Dollhouse ( 2009 -- 10 ) and Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. ( from 2013 ) . Whedon co-wrote the Pixar film Toy Story ( 1995 ) , wrote and directed the Firefly film continuation Serenity ( 2005 ) , co-wrote and directed the Internet mini-series Dr. Horrible 's Sing-Along Blog ( 2008 ) , co-wrote and produced the horror comedy The Cabin in the Woods ( 2012 ) , and wrote and directed the Marvel Cinematic Universe superhero films The Avengers ( 2012 ) and its sequel Avengers : Age of Ultron ( 2015 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8647b2eb8a26e412ed44ffe47fcb933d", "text": "Alien (film) Alien is a 1979 British-American science-fiction horror film directed by Ridley Scott , and starring Sigourney Weaver , Tom Skerritt , Veronica Cartwright , Harry Dean Stanton , John Hurt , Ian Holm and Yaphet Kotto . The film 's title refers to a highly aggressive extraterrestrial creature that stalks and kills the crew of a spaceship . Dan O'Bannon wrote the screenplay from a story he wrote with Ronald Shusett , drawing influence from previous works of science fiction and horror . The film was produced by Gordon Carroll , David Giler and Walter Hill through their Brandywine Productions and distributed by 20th Century Fox . Giler and Hill made revisions and additions to the script . Shusett was executive producer . The eponymous Alien and its accompanying elements were designed by Swiss artist H. R. Giger , while concept artists Ron Cobb and Chris Foss designed the human aspects of the film . Alien launched the Alien franchise and is chronologically the first of the main series , with the prequel series set in an earlier timeframe . Alien received both critical acclaim and box office success , receiving an Academy Award for Best Visual Effects , Saturn Awards for Best Science Fiction Film , Best Direction for Scott , and Best Supporting Actress for Cartwright , and a Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation , along with numerous other award nominations . It has remained highly praised in subsequent decades , being considered one of the greatest films of all time . In 2002 , the film was deemed `` culturally , historically or aesthetically significant '' by the Library of Congress and was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry . In 2008 , it was ranked as the seventh-best film in the science fiction genre by the American Film Institute , and as the 33rd greatest film of all time by Empire magazine . The success of Alien spawned a media franchise of novels , comic books , video games , and toys . It also launched Weaver 's acting career by providing her with her first lead role , and the story of her character Ellen Ripley 's encounters with the Alien creatures became the thematic thread that ran through the sequels Aliens ( 1986 ) , Alien 3 ( 1992 ) and Alien : Resurrection ( 1997 ) . , a crossover with the Predator franchise produced the Alien vs. Predator series , which includes Alien vs. Predator ( 2004 ) and Aliens vs. Predator : Requiem ( 2007 ) , and also a prequel series of films , which includes Prometheus ( 2012 ) and Alien : Covenant ( 2017 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d43bbbe67d1f2153779bd4361ac0aa0d", "text": "Michael Landon Jr. Michael Graham Landon Jr. ( born June 20 , 1964 ) is an American actor , director , writer , and producer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc920cd390136f1a803c3cb9350f137c", "text": "522666 '' ' 522666 '' is the fifth episode of the first season of the American crime-thriller television series Millennium . It premiered on the Fox network on November 22 , 1996 . The episode was written by Glen Morgan and James Wong , and directed by David Nutter . `` 522666 '' featured guest appearances by Sam Anderson , Hiro Kanagawa and Joe Chrest . Millennium Group consultant Frank Black ( Lance Henriksen ) is approached by the FBI when a series of bombs are detonated in Washington , DC . Black 's investigation soon reveals that the culprit seeks to be seen as a hero , setting off explosions in order to rescue people from the scenes ; leaving Black to track down the fame-hungry bomber before more people are killed . `` 522666 '' was one of many collaborations between Nutter , Morgan and Wong , with the three having worked together on several television series previously . The episode opens with a reference to existentialist philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre , and featured Henriksen performing all of his own stunts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a3c6bda5f232b3d5e10d42dd0aae2f8", "text": "David Nutter David Nutter ( born 1960 ) is an American television and film director and television producer . He is best known for directing pilot episodes for television . In 2015 , he received a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing for a Drama Series , for his work on the HBO series , Game of Thrones .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e384bdc20424ccfa353ba74f69e46e08", "text": "Alex Graves Alexander John `` Alex '' Graves ( born July 23 , 1965 ) is an American film director , television director , television producer and screenwriter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c2dbb8030ac8b9f2bfdc783adc00de2", "text": "The Wachowskis Lana Wachowski ( formerly Laurence `` Larry '' Wachowski , born June 21 , 1965 ) and Lilly Wachowski ( formerly Andrew Paul `` Andy '' Wachowski , born December 29 , 1967 ) are American film directors , screenwriters , and producers . They are siblings , and are both trans women . Collectively known as The Wachowskis and formerly as The Wachowski Brothers , the pair made their directing debut in 1996 with Bound , and reached fame with their second film The Matrix ( 1999 ) , a major box office success for which they won the Saturn Award for Best Director . They wrote and directed its two sequels : The Matrix Reloaded and The Matrix Revolutions ( both in 2003 ) , and were deeply involved in the writing and production of other works in the franchise . Following the commercial success of The Matrix series , they wrote and produced the 2006 film V for Vendetta ( an adaptation of the comic of the same name by Alan Moore ) , and in 2008 released the film Speed Racer , which was a live-action adaptation of the Japanese anime series of the same name . Their next film , Cloud Atlas , based on the novel of the same name by David Mitchell and co-written and co-directed by Tom Tykwer , was released in 2012 . Their film Jupiter Ascending and the Netflix series Sense8 both debuted in 2015 . The siblings have worked as a writing and directing unit throughout their professional film careers from Bound through the first season of Sense8 . Following her gender transition , Lilly Wachowski took a break from active writing and directing ; Lana worked on the second season of Sense8 without her .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f477a0e502b7a950c97e8d2e9d639954", "text": "Jimmy Hayward James `` Jimmy '' Hayward ( born September 17 , 1970 ) is a Canadian-American film director , screenwriter and animator .", "title": "" } ]	fever
2ecbd577222f322b35e6bb381b831c96	Halle Berry has a child by Olivier Martinez and one with Gabriel Aubry.	[ { "docid": "bfda64ceebf67ae6e0927ddae5bcb734", "text": "Halle Berry Halle Maria Berry ( born Maria Halle Berry ; August 14 , 1966 ) is an American actress . She won the 2002 Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in the romantic drama Monster 's Ball ( 2001 ) . As of 2017 , she is the only black woman to have won a Best Actress Academy Award . Berry was one of the highest paid actresses in Hollywood during the 2000s and has been involved in the production of several of the films in which she performed . She is also a Revlon spokesmodel . Before becoming an actress , she started modeling and entered several beauty contests , finishing as the 1st runner-up in the Miss USA Pageant and coming in 6th place in the Miss World Pageant in 1986 . Her breakthrough film role was in the romantic comedy Boomerang ( 1992 ) , alongside Eddie Murphy , which led to roles in films such as the comedy The Flintstones ( 1994 ) , the political comedy-drama Bulworth ( 1998 ) and the television film Introducing Dorothy Dandridge ( 1999 ) , for which she won the Emmy Award and Golden Globe Award for Best Actress , among many other awards . In addition to her Academy Award win , Berry garnered high-profile roles in the 2000s such as Storm in the X-Men film series ( beginning in 2000 ) , the action crime thriller Swordfish ( 2001 ) , and the spy film Die Another Day ( 2002 ) , where she played Bond Girl Jinx . She then appeared in the X-Men sequels , X2 ( 2003 ) and X-Men : The Last Stand ( 2006 ) . In the 2010s , she appeared in movies such as the science fiction film Cloud Atlas ( 2012 ) , the crime thriller The Call ( 2013 ) and X-Men : Days of Future Past ( 2014 ) . Berry was formerly married to baseball player David Justice , and singer-songwriter Eric Benét . She has a daughter by model Gabriel Aubry , and a son by actor Olivier Martinez .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "f50eb95b4e35afd6d5ab4754e9ecb804", "text": "The Others (2001 film) The Others ( Los Otros ) is a 2001 Spanish-American supernatural gothic horror film with elements of psychological horror . It was written , directed , and scored by Alejandro Amenábar . It stars Nicole Kidman and Fionnula Flanagan . The film won eight Goya Awards , including awards for Best Film and Best Director . This was the first English-language film ever to receive the Best Film Award at the Goyas ( Spain 's national film awards ) , without a single word of Spanish spoken in it . The Others was nominated for six Saturn Awards including Best Director and Best Writing for Amenábar and Best Performance by a Younger Actor for Alakina Mann , and won three : Best Horror Film , Best Actress for Kidman and Best Supporting Actress for Fionnula Flanagan . Kidman was also nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in Drama and a BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role , with Amenábar being nominated for a BAFTA Award for Best Original Screenplay , a rare occurrence for a horror film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1a04b58e0db42a03732919fac2d8efd7", "text": "Tess Berry-Hart Tamasin Elizabeth Berry-Hart was born in Warwickshire , England , and writes for adults , young adults and children . Her novels and plays deal with themes such as the European migrant crisis , LGBT rights , mental illness , genetic engineering , and the sex-positive movement . She has also written some verbatim theatre pieces for stage to support human rights campaigns .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a4c5695c7429e9f2b1e42ed22d53383", "text": "Sugar Symphony Sugar Symphony is the debut extended play ( EP ) by American recording duo Chloe x Halle . It was released under Parkwood Entertainment , under exclusive license to Columbia Records , on April 29 , 2016 . The EP was their first official release since being signed by Beyoncé . The EP features their debut single , `` Drop '' . The music video for the single was directed by Andrew Hines , and currently has over two million views on YouTube . In March 2016 , Michelle Obama introduced Chloe and Halle at the White House Easter Egg Roll , where they performed `` Fall '' from the EP , alongside Michelle Obama 's `` This Is For My Girls '' and an unreleased track , `` Baby Bird '' . In June , they performed `` Drop '' at the YouTube Music Foundry in New York City , and later in the month at the BET Awards 2016 in Los Angeles . In July , they performed songs from the EP as a support act for the European leg of Beyoncé 's The Formation World Tour .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c66a7b2328b5aa990f3d0533e0ec52b1", "text": "Jules Berry Jules Berry ( born Marie Louis Jules Paufichet ; 9 February 1883 -- 23 April 1951 ) was a French actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7523bf3a1f7b61d390a06c461d0e0ff7", "text": "Alain Bashung Alain Bashung ( -LSB- alɛ̃ baʃuŋ -RSB- ; born Alain Baschung 1 December 1947 -- 14 March 2009 ) was a French singer , songwriter and actor . In France , he is considered one of the most famous singers in French chanson and French rock . He rose to prominence in the early 1980s with hit songs such as `` Gaby oh Gaby '' and `` Vertige de l'amour '' , and later had a string of hit successes from the 1990s onward , such as `` Osez Joséphine '' , `` Ma petite entreprise '' or `` La nuit je mens '' . He has had an influence on many later French artists , and is the most awarded artist in the Victoires de la Musique history with 12 victoires obtained throughout his career .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "640facb4c495f82c7281def1b5db7120", "text": "Alex Haley's Queen Alex Haley 's Queen ( also known as Queen ) is a 1993 American television miniseries that aired in three installments on February 14 , 16 , and 18 on CBS . The miniseries is an adaptation of the novel Queen : The Story of an American Family , by Alex Haley and David Stevens . The novel is based on the life of Queen Jackson Haley , Haley 's paternal grandmother . Alex Haley died in February 1992 before completing the novel . It was later finished by David Stevens and published in 1993 . Stevens also wrote the screenplay for the miniseries . Alex Haley 's Queen was directed by John Erman , and stars Halle Berry in the title role . It tells the life story of a young woman and it shows the problems which biracial slaves and former slaves faced in the United States during the 19th and 20th centuries . Throughout her life , Queen struggles to fit into the two cultures of her heritage , and at times each side shuns her .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "65b53075eeb5e47d40d626b6267347b9", "text": "Gothika Gothika is a 2003 American psychological horror thriller film directed by Mathieu Kassovitz and written by Sebastian Gutierrez . Halle Berry plays a psychiatrist in a women 's mental hospital who wakes up one day to find herself on the other side of the bars , accused of having murdered her husband . The film was first released on November 21 , 2003 in the United States . At the time of its release , Gothika was the most successful film from Dark Castle Entertainment , with a worldwide gross of $ 141.6 million .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "84f4149ab4f770b67c98e12ee69cd23f", "text": "Cactus Flower (play) Cactus Flower is a farce by Abe Burrows . It played for years on Broadway before being adapted by I.A.L. Diamond into a 1969 feature film directed by Gene Saks . Based on the play Fleur de cactus by Pierre Barillet and Jean-Pierre Gredy , the comedy focuses on the relationship between young , wild Toni and her older , married lover Julian , a dentist . Convinced the two have no future together , Toni attempts suicide , and a guilt-ridden Julian rashly proposes he leave his wife so the couple can be together . However , Julian has never revealed to Toni that his `` marriage '' is actually an elaborate lie concocted to keep Toni at arm 's length . Toni refuses to break up his household without first meeting and talking with Julian 's soon-to-be-ex , so Julian enlists the aid of his shy spinster assistant Stephanie to pose as his non-existent wife . Complications arise when Toni decides the two must find her a new beau so everyone concerned can live happily ever after . After two previews , the Broadway production , directed by Burrows , opened on December 8 , 1965 at the Royale Theatre , where it ran for two years and nine months before transferring to the Longacre , for a total run of 1234 performances , ending on November 23 , 1968 . The original cast included Lauren Bacall , Barry Nelson , Brenda Vaccaro , and Burt Brinckerhoff . Lloyd Bridges , Kevin McCarthy , and Betsy Palmer were replacements later in the run . Both Vaccaro and Brinckerhoff were nominated for Tony Awards for their featured performances . Later adapted for film as : Cactus Flower with Walter Matthau , Ingrid Bergman and Goldie Hawn ( for which Hawn won an Academy Award ) and again in 2011 , as Just Go With It starring Adam Sandler , Jennifer Aniston and Brooklyn Decker .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "918bb22a9f11634f22c868d13d2d7389", "text": "Nick Carter (musician) Nickolas Gene `` Nick '' Carter ( born January 28 , 1980 ) is an American singer , songwriter , actor , dancer , record producer , author and video director . He is best known as a member of the pop group the Backstreet Boys . As of 2015 , Carter has released three solo albums , Now or Never , I 'm Taking Off and All American during breaks between Backstreet Boys schedules , and a collaboration with Jordan Knight titled Nick & Knight . He has made occasional television appearances and starred in his own reality shows , House of Carters and I ( Heart ) Nick Carter . He gained fame in the mid 1990s and early 2000s as a teen idol . He is also the older and only brother of singer Aaron Carter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9eb349a3fde6fa0239aac3f98353fabc", "text": "Olivier Grunewald Olivier Grunewald ( born 1959 ) is a French photographer and author , with the main focus on nature , landscapes and wildlife . Olivier Grunewald was born in Paris in 1959 . He started photographing birds at the age of 14 . He studied commercial advertising photography at the Gobelins School of the Image , in Paris . After his studies he began working as a freelance photographer specializing in sports , mountaineering and rock climbing and continued climbing and photographing for the next 10 years with a medium format camera . Later in his career he switched to a large format camera and began to focus more on the wild nature , and a long term project on volcanoes . He travels all over the world and collaborates on projects with his wife , Bernadette Gilbertas , a geographer and journalist . He has also produced documentaries on Wild Earth for Science and Nature magazine . Since 1997 , he specializes in volcanoes and travels the world to illustrate the diversity of the phenomena and the volcanic landscapes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "100025cafaa248e0c4e499872b1b067a", "text": "Very Berry (EP) Very Berry is the first mini-album by South Korean girl group Berry Good . The album contains seven tracks and is led by title track `` Angel '' . It was released on April 20 , 2016 , as result of the crowdfunding campaign launched on March 11 on Makestar . The goal was reached in ten days .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3d8c07a61f1715b72c8852ec7c0d6df7", "text": "Carole Martinez Carole Martinez ( 10 November 1966 in Créhange ) is a French contemporary novelist .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "874dbb95a871deaa8dc86760f0898d43", "text": "Annabelle (singer) Annabelle ( born 26 July 1967 ) is a French singer , actress , and daughter of actor Marcel Mouloudji .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "413acf11db41a24cc1408a1fcef9933c", "text": "Antoine Halley Antoine Halley ( 1593 -- 3 June 1675 ) was a French professor and poet . Halley was born at Bazenville near Bayeux . A professor of belles-lettres and Principal of the Collège du Bois , at the University of Caen , he succeeded Antoine Gosselin and distinguished himself from the age of twenty-two , by his eloquence and the brilliance of his teaching . He taught Latin poetry at the University of Caen , for nearly forty years . He cultivated Latin and French poetry and won the prize of the Immaculate Conception time and again so that the Académie des Sciences , Arts et Belles-Lettres de Caen pleaded with him to quit competing . Halley had ties with Charles de la Rue and Huet , the bishop of Avranches . The latter urged him to publish his poems . Huet , in his Origines de Caen , hailed him as mentor : `` I am obliged to give this testimony of gratitude to Mr. Halley . I deem it one of the greatest joys of my life to have been his disciple at his home for five years . He trained my mind , he refined my taste , he gave me an understanding of good authors . He taught me an infinite number of rare and curious things . '' Halley , in the meantime , professed no less esteem for his former student , sending him a poem a propos his book De Interpretatione . He also published a Traité sur la grammaire latine , at Caen in 1652 . His collection of Poems is dedicated to the Duke of Montausier , the tutor of the dauphin and governor of Normandy . Cadomus , a play in which he paid tribute to all the literary celebrities born in his city , from Nicole Oresme , tutor of Charles V , to Pierre Patrix , the favorite poet of Gaston d'Orleans , is amongst his best . When the chancellor Pierre Séguier , who had subdued the Harelle revolt of 1640 with undue harshness , made his way to Caen , Halley sent him far too flattering a couplet for the occasion . In 1642 , he thanked him for having increased the privileges of the Académie de Caen , founded by Moisant de Brieux . He addressed the Dauphin a long letter in Latin verse reminding him about the origins of the kings of France and celebrating the Trojan kings Dardanus , Erichthonius , Tros , Ilus , Laomedon and Priam , the supposed ancestors of Louis XIV . A few letters written at Lisieux by Jean-Pierre Camus , the bishop of Belley have been found in his works . One of them is dated thus : `` At Lisieux , on November 22nd , the day of St. Cecilia , patron saint of music , sister of poetry . When the Duchesse de Longueville came to Caen in 1648 , Halley was commissioned to compose the verses that decorated the tables placed at city 's expense on the way of the Duchess and her two children . In 1649 , during the famous Jobelins and Uranists Quarrel , Aubert , the princess ' chaplain , sent him the Voiture and Benserade 's sonnets , to get his opinion , as the French Academy had refused to get involved . That grave matter had been evoked before the very king , queen and princes , who were not able to settle it . It was then agreed that it was necessary to submit it to Halley whose decision would be final . The latter found in favor of Voiture against Benserade , i.e. in favor of the Duchesse de Longueville . Pierre Bayle has proclaimed Halley to be `` one of the greatest poets of his century '' ; even if his French poetry is weak , his Latin rhymes lack neither ease nor elegance . La Rue , Huet , Gilles Ménage , Lesueur de Pétiville , Pierre Cailly , and Michel Gonfrey have composed Latin verses in his honor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "797638ad6144b0119ba80ebce4056f65", "text": "Cousin Cousine Cousin Cousine is a 1975 French romantic comedy film directed by Jean-Charles Tacchella and starring Marie-Christine Barrault , Victor Lanoux , and Marie-France Pisier . Written by Jean-Charles Tacchella and Danièle Thompson , the film is about two cousins by marriage who meet at a wedding and develop a close friendship . After their spouses prove unfaithful , the cousins ' friendship leads to a passionate love affair . Cousin Cousine received an Academy Award nomination for Best Foreign Language Film , a César Award nomination for Best Film , a Golden Globe nomination for Best Foreign Film , and the National Board of Review Award for Top Foreign Film . In 1989 , an English language remake was released , Cousins .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e615c78e9bf91fdd945f21824fa45596", "text": "Aleida Núñez Aleida Nuñez ( -LSB- aˈleiða ˈnuɲes -RSB- ; born Aleida Araceli Nuñez Flores on January 24 , 1981 in Lagos de Moreno , Jalisco , Mexico ) is a Mexican actress , singer and model .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "500f417ed93081cd93db6fb3631ebc6d", "text": "Ayer y Hoy (Ana Gabriel album) Ayer y Hoy ( English Yesterday and today ) is the 10th studio album by Mexican pop singer Ana Gabriel . It was released on 1994 . This material was produced by herself . She praises several idols of ranchera music with this material like Agustín Lara , José A. Jiménez , Juan Gabriel , Armando Manzanero and Cuco Sánchez . Ayer y Hoy was nominated for a Lo Nuestro Award for Regional Mexican Album of the Year at the 7th Lo Nuestro Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab182677094177a6b0078955640f1438", "text": "Lyndon Smith Lyndon Smith ( born June 7 , 1989 ) is an American actress . She is known for her roles as Natalie on the NBC drama series Parenthood , and as Dierdre on the TNT police drama series , Public Morals .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "69985f313a243a2298daf00e0846284b", "text": "Olivia Ruiz Olivia Blanc ( born 1 January 1980 ) , known as Olivia Ruiz , is a female French pop singer of partial Spanish descent belonging to the nouvelle chanson genre . She gained fame after reaching the semi-finals of the French Star Academy series in 2001 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "54caa9ed2fbaed0656a6ae4fc832eda2", "text": "Yancey Arias Yancey Arias ( born June 27 , 1971 ) is an American actor , perhaps most noted for his work on television crime dramas , particularly his roles as Miguel Cadena in the NBC series Kingpin and as Gabriel Williams in the FX series Thief .", "title": "" } ]	fever
6ecf50bc175f3d8772fd1de4b6d6ff11	Gunday is a film.	[ { "docid": "5f927a992186a7d9c4106ccdae2c06d1", "text": "Gunday Gunday ( English : Outlaws ) is a 2014 Indian action thriller film written and directed by Ali Abbas Zafar and produced by Aditya Chopra . The film features Ranveer Singh , Arjun Kapoor , Priyanka Chopra and Irrfan Khan in the principal roles . The film starts off in the 1970s , with the introduction of 2 young boys : Bikram and Bala , who initially become gun carriers and later coal bandits . They ultimately grow up to become the most powerful goons of Calcutta . The film was released on 14 February 2014 . The film also released in Bengali with a full Bengali soundtrack also composed by Sohail Sen. Though , in some of the Bengali songs , the singers differ from the original . This was also the first Indian film to have its trailer premiere at the Dubai International Film Festival .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "af9b1045a686e3863da8eaceecac8be1", "text": "Day on Fire Day on Fire is an American film which was produced by Lodestar Entertainment and filmed in New York City and Israel in 2006 . It is written and directed by Jay Anania , stars Academy Award winner Olympia Dukakis , Carmen Chaplin , Alyssa Sutherland and Martin Donovan and is produced by William Fisch and Larry Rattner . The film was scored by John Medeski with vocals by Judy Kuhn . Day on Fire was screened at the 2006 Cannes Film Festival on May 22 , 2006 . Day on Fire tells the story of a singer , a model , an Arab woman journalist , and a physician as they criss-cross New York City over a 12-hour period . Their intersecting lives unfold against the backdrop of a ghastly suicide bombing in Israel , and the strange New York City wanderings of a malevolent Handsome Man , whose predatory intents lend an air of inevitable , horrific violence . Beautifully and hauntingly musical , this thriller also has a political and personal intrigue that mounts inexorably as the sun begins to set on this fateful day . By the time night has fallen in the city , the crossing of these individual fates is sealed . Each of these four women has found their destiny amidst the brutality that the film reveals .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e15b13c82d3a6538fe2ae6b1d0b9f022", "text": "For One Thousand Dollars Per Day For One Thousand Dollars Per Day ( Per mille dollari al giorno , Por mil dólares al día , also known as Renegade Gunfighter ) is a 1966 Italian-Spanish Spaghetti Western film directed by Silvio Amadio . The title song '' `` My Gun is Fast '' is performed by Bobby Solo .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "980192d6fa3366e4f0d2e64e3d4c0cb6", "text": "Kenneth Kokin Kenneth Kokin has been a producer for many first time feature directors . He is also a sworn deputy in state of Georgia . The debut feature film he produced for Bryan Singer , Public Access won the Sundance Grand Jury Prize . Ken Kokin and Singer developed a script with writer Christopher McQuarrie to produce the multi-Academy Award winning film The Usual Suspects which Kokin directed the substantial second-unit and co-produced . This achievement landed Kokin on the cover of Fade In Magazine as one of `` The 100 People to Know in Hollywood '' . Kokin spent the next several years dividing his time between working with new film makers and developing a screenplay on the life of Alexander the Great , written with Peter Buchman and McQuarrie , for Martin Scorsese and Leonardo DiCaprio . ( Scorsese and DiCaprio chose to do The Aviator first , making way for Oliver Stone to produce his version of Alexander . ) Next , he produced and directed second-unit on McQuarrie 's directorial first feature , The Way of the Gun starring Juliette Lewis , Ryan Phillippe , James Caan and Oscar winner Benicio del Toro . The 2008 Sundance Film Festival marks Kenneth Kokin 's next statements in cinema with Captain Abu Raed the Audience Award Winner in festival 's World Dramatic Competition . This is not only the first independent film produced in Kingdom of Jordan but it 's the fist feature film from recent AFI graduate Amin Matalqa . 2008 is also the year where For Tomorrow the documentary that Kokin produced and directed in Argentina which was an official selection for the Tribeca Film Festival and the Newport Beach Film Festival where he won the Humanitarian Vision Award . This groundbreaking documentary premiered in 10 film festivals and won many other awards and created awareness about cause of Toms shoes assisting the company in achieve recognition as the fastest growing shoe company in the world . Kenneth Kokin 's dedication to directing started at 14 when he started making his own films with a borrowed Super-8 camera . In high school , he directed several claymation , live action shorts and documentaries on 16mm . His most ambitious teenage endeavor was a re-creation of the Civil War Battle of Bull Run where he combined animated clay figures and actors to win the Newbridge Reel Award for Best Picture . Upon graduating from University of Southern California Cinema , Kokin joined the Editor 's Guild and worked at both NBC and Amblin Entertainment . CBS hired Kokin to shoot , edit and direct the behind the scenes for the longest-running annual special , Circus of the Stars where he worked with lions , tigers , motorcycle , stunts , high-wire and trapeze acts . Having a passion for all elements of filmmaking from pre-production through production and post-production , Kokin chose producing and directing because they are the only jobs where he has the opportunity to participate in all areas of the process . Recently , Kokin has produced a Chinese-America co-production in Chengdu , China starring John Robinson http://www.imdb.com/name/nm1440281/ and Xiaolu Li http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0523735/ . Back in two thousand and eight , he traveled South America , Haiti and Africa directing documentaries about the pandemic of poverty and HIV facing children in those regions . Staying true to his roots in the crime genre Kenneth Kokin wrote the feature about the famous mobster , James `` Whitey '' Bulger . The Los Angeles Time piece June 26 , 2012 quoted Kokin to say , `` Finding out that Whitey Bulger was living in Santa Monica just three blocks away from me was a little like looking frantically for your sunglasses only to find out they were on your head the whole time . '' Kokin 's passion for documentaries continues as he is currently working on a feature about sea mammals as well as working as a producer in reality television . link title http://about.me/kenkokin", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f9505491ba2e34af75d38397901b4821", "text": "Bullets in the Gun (song) `` Bullets in the Gun '' is a song co-written by Toby Keith and Rivers Rutherford , and recorded by Keith . It is the title track to , and second single from , his 2010 album Bullets in the Gun . The song was released on 27 September 2010 and entered the country music charts at number 37 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ffb6f21ca6d336be1d3b526cb1b8c0dd", "text": "Flower in the Gun Barrel Flower in the Gun Barrel is a 2008 documentary film focusing on the process of reconciliation and forgiveness in post-genocide Rwanda . The film depicts both the current conditions in Rwanda and the buildup to the genocide in 1994 . It is unique in that it illustrates the complex challenges of average citizens attempting to forgive the neighbors who slaughtered their families . It is a testament to what human beings are capable of . The topic of forgiveness , and the difficulty of coming to terms with those who have killed one 's parents , siblings , children and neighbors , is a universal theme that comes to life through the example of Rwanda .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5088fbdec8c0d034b4cb28381aaafd4d", "text": "Starting pistol A starting pistol or starter pistol is a blank handgun that is fired to start track and field races , as well as competitive swimming races at some meets . The sound of the gun going off serves as the signal for the athletes to begin the event . Starter guns `` can not fire real ammunition or be modified to fire real ammunition . '' Beside sporting events , they are also used in films and in TV or stage shows . Blank shells or caps are used to prevent expelling projectiles , and only small amount of smoke can be seen when shot . Starting pistols may also include modified versions of standard pistols incapable of firing bullets , most commonly achieved by welding an obstruction into the barrel . This is less common nowadays , especially in Western countries . When electronic timing is used , a sensor is often affixed to the gun , which sends an electronic signal to the timing system upon firing . For deaf competitors or for modern electronic systems , a light may be used instead . An issue with the use of starting pistols is that , since the report of the pistol is carried to the competitors at the speed of sound , which takes about 3 milliseconds to travel one metre , positions nearest the starter hear the report a few milliseconds before further positions . This issue is exaggerated in races where the runners begin in a stagger , putting a significant distance between the nearest and furthest runners . To avoid this problem , the pistol is in all major competitions wired with a microphone that transmits the sound virtually instantaneously to loudspeakers directly behind each competitor . With security after the September 11 attacks on the US becoming prevalent , causing issues with starting pistols , a trend developed to use electronic starting systems that do not use pistols , but use a `` dummy '' prop pistol which can not function as a firearm that is wired to the timing system . When the starter presses the button , they emit a signal to play a simulated gunshot that is broadcast to loudspeakers behind each lane , show a flash , emit simulated smoke , and start the timing clock . Many venues have switched to the new format . Beyond the security concerns , it has also been observed that even with the use of loudspeakers , some competitors still wait for the actual sound of the gun to reach them , and since the new all-electronic starting pistols have no such problems , they became the official way of starting games at the 2012 Summer Olympics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "71127a0eeb119c09edc0ebf71ad12fb8", "text": "Multi Gun Multi Gun , often called 2-Gun or 3-Gun depending on the types of firearms used , are practical shooting events where each of the stages require the competitor to use and transition between a combination of rifles , handguns , and / or shotguns or other types of firearms . Multi-Gun has a lot in common with ordinary IPSC / USPSA matches , and matches generally have courses of fire where the shooter must move through different stages and engage targets in a variety of different positions . Multi-Gun in its oldest form is arranged by the International Practical Shooting Confederation ( IPSC ) as `` Tournaments '' , but does n't require the competitor to transition between firearms during the stage . Instead tournaments consists of separate matches for each firearm types with a combined scoring in the end .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "24fa5861f6998a227fe4c12f0e539bfd", "text": "Joan of Paris Joan of Paris is a 1942 war film about five Royal Air Force pilots shot down over Nazi-occupied France during World War II and their attempt to escape to England . It stars Michèle Morgan , Paul Henreid , Thomas Mitchell and Laird Cregar . Joan of Paris marked the U.S. screen debuts of Austrian Henreid and Frenchwoman Morgan . Henreid had previously appeared in some British-American co-productions made in England and had starred on Broadway in the play Flight to the West as Paul von Hernreid . When he was signed with RKO in 1942 , the studio changed his surname , dropping the `` von '' and changing his last name to `` Henreid '' , the name he used for the rest of his film career . Cregar was borrowed from 20th-Century Fox . Alan Ladd , who played one of the downed airmen , would soon become a star later that year . After his breakthrough starring role in This Gun for Hire ( 1942 ) , Joan of Paris was re-released with Ladd more prominently featured . This film also features May Robson 's last role .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3c95d6b6f0e5fc404bce953042aa238", "text": "Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film . The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c83d9f1cd77df95ebba26c282ab09f9", "text": "American Gun (2002 film) American Gun is a 2002 drama film written and directed by Alan Jacobs . It stars James Coburn ( in his final film ) , Virginia Madsen , Barbara Bain and Alexandra Holden .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eb8183b909d8db0b46f4dc391465b112", "text": "Tamanchey Tamanchey ( Gun ) is an Indian romantic crime comedy film released on 10 October 2014 . The film is directed by Navneet Behal and stars Nikhil Dwivedi and Richa Chadda in leads .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "094a4de4ed939ce47c5bbacb9c9ce2df", "text": "The Gambler Wore a Gun The Gambler Wore a Gun is a 1961 Western film . The film is an uncredited remake of about five different B-westerns of the 1930s and 1940s . Some plot elements are also taken from 1954 western The Lone Gun , which starred George Montgomery .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "01ac3b808a820d20835904723044fd38", "text": "28 Days (film) 28 Days is a 2000 American comedy-drama film directed by Betty Thomas . Sandra Bullock plays Gwen Cummings , a newspaper columnist obliged to enter rehabilitation for alcoholism . The film costars Viggo Mortensen , Dominic West , Elizabeth Perkins , Steve Buscemi , and Diane Ladd .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "34a5efb978e84aca0327396cc4e359e8", "text": "Shoot (film) Shoot is a 1976 American and Canadian film directed by Harvey Hart and written by Richard Berg , based on the novel of the same name by Douglas Fairbairn . The production features Cliff Robertson , Ernest Borgnine , Henry Silva and James Blendick . The film tells of Rex ( Cliff Robertson ) , a gun enthusiast and military veteran who , with his buddies Lou ( Ernest Borgnine ) and Zeke ( Henry Silva ) , go hunting in the forest .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c052f0162640e45cda200d4d6f0d9c3c", "text": "Gunhed (film) is a 1989 Japanese science fiction and action film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e030c19e41aea313dd51ee8b5c160e14", "text": "Hold'em (film) Hold 'em is a 2014 American thriller film directed by Clay DuMaw . The film 's plot combines Texas hold 'em with elements from horror and thriller films such as Battle Royale and Saw .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6bf87cce54f5778d336352a0580eb924", "text": "Bastille Day (film) Bastille Day ( released as The Take in North America and on international home release ) is a 2016 action film directed and co-written by James Watkins . It is a Luxembourgian , French and American venture produced by Anonymous Content , Vendôme Pictures , TF1 Films Production and StudioCanal . The film stars Idris Elba , Richard Madden , Charlotte Le Bon , Eriq Ebouaney and José Garcia . The film was released in the United Kingdom on 22 April 2016 and 13 July 2016 in France , and on 18 November 2016 in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c16af1e6564b6cd61d82f735cb55238c", "text": "Son of a gun (disambiguation) Son of a gun is a slang term used to express approval , disparagement or surprise . Son of a Gun may refer to : In television : `` Son of a Gun '' ( Homicide : Life on the Street ) , an episode of Homicide : Life on the Street `` Son of a Gun '' , an episode of MythBusters The Son of a Gunn Show , a New Zealand children 's TV show In music : `` Son of a Gun ( I Betcha Think This Song Is About You ) '' , a song by Janet Jackson `` Son of a Gun '' , a song and Top 10 UK hit by dance act JX Son of a Gun ( EP ) , an EP by The Vaselines , or the title song Son of a Gun , an album by Carey Bell Son of a Gun , an EP by Martin Bisi `` Son of a Gun '' , a song by Search the City from A Fire So Big the Heavens Can See It `` Son of a Gun '' , a song by Bruce Dickinson from Tattooed Millionaire `` Son of a Gun '' , a song by BWO from Prototype `` Son of a Gun '' , a song by Clouddead from Ten `` Son of a Gun '' , a song by Dead or Alive from Mad , Bad , and Dangerous to Know `` Son-Of-A-Gun '' , a song by Hoodoo Gurus from Blue Cave `` Son of a Gun '' , a song by KMFDM from Xtort Song of a Gun is also a pseudonym for KMFDM band leader Sascha Konietzko `` Son of a Gun '' , a song by The La 's from The La 's `` Son of a Gun '' , a song by Mapleoak , fronted by Pete Quaife `` Son of a Gun '' , a song by Oh Land `` Son of a Gun '' , a song by Lee Hazlewood `` Son of a Gun '' , a song by Addis Black Widow In film : Son of a Gun ( film ) , an Australian thriller film Other : `` Son of a Gun ! '' An automotive detailing product made by STP", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fef24d763f685ed1634ad089e037c11a", "text": "Top Gun Top Gun is a 1986 American romantic military action drama film directed by Tony Scott , and produced by Don Simpson and Jerry Bruckheimer , in association with Paramount Pictures . The screenplay was written by Jim Cash and Jack Epps , Jr. , and was inspired by an article titled `` Top Guns '' published in California magazine three years earlier . The film stars Tom Cruise , Kelly McGillis , Val Kilmer , Anthony Edwards , and Tom Skerritt . Cruise plays Lieutenant Pete `` Maverick '' Mitchell , a young Naval aviator aboard the aircraft carrier . He and his Radar Intercept Officer ( RIO ) Nick `` Goose '' Bradshaw ( Edwards ) are given the chance to train at the Navy 's Fighter Weapons School at Miramar in San Diego . Top Gun was released on May 16 , 1986 . Upon its release , the film received generally mixed reviews from film critics but many particularly praised the action sequences , the effects , the aerial stunts , and the acting performances with Cruise and McGillis receiving the most praise . Four weeks after release , the number of theaters showing it increased by 45 % . Despite its initial mixed critical reaction , the film was a huge commercial hit grossing $ 356 million against a production budget of only $ 15 million . With its success , the film became a cult film over the years and earned an IMAX 3D re-release in 2013 . Additionally , the film won an Academy Award for Best Original Song for `` Take My Breath Away '' performed by Berlin . In 2015 , the United States Library of Congress selected the film for preservation in the National Film Registry , finding it `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a8901f4b551174ae041dd926fa2bc9b2", "text": "Radio Days (disambiguation) Radio Days is a 1987 film directed by Woody Allen . Radio Days may also refer to : `` Radio Days '' ( Full House episode ) `` Radio Days '' ( Roseanne ) Radio Dayz , 2008 South Korean film", "title": "" } ]	fever
d12c235db65875ee30d06d4d06960771	Tale of Tales is directed by James Cameron.	[ { "docid": "48d44a947b6c72ddc4541d88756e832e", "text": "Tale of Tales (2015 film) Tale of Tales is a 2015 European dark fantasy film , directed by Matteo Garrone , starring Salma Hayek , Vincent Cassel , Toby Jones , and John C. Reilly . An Italian-led production with co-producers in France and the United Kingdom , the film is Garrone 's first English-language film . It competed for the Palme d'Or at the 2015 Cannes Film Festival . It is a screen adaptation based on collections of tales by Neapolitan poet and courtier Giambattista Basile : Pentamerone or Lo cunto de li cunti ( Tale of Tales , or Entertainment for Little Ones ) , which contains the earliest versions of famous fables like Rapunzel , Sleeping Beauty and Cinderella .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "b63f6ea540c5b70e2abbc359f88e79d5", "text": "TaleWorlds Entertainment TaleWorlds Entertainment is an independent Turkish game development company located in Ankara , Turkey , founded in 2005 . TaleWorlds is an official brand of İkisoft Software Company and have been developing PC games under the brand `` TaleWorlds Entertainment '' since 2005 . The company 's first game , Mount & Blade , was completed in September 2008 , its second game Mount & Blade : Warband was released on March 29 , 2010 , and its third game was Mount & Blade : With Fire & Sword was released on May 3 , 2011 . Their studio is located in Middle East Technical University ( METU ) - Technopolis . The studio is currently working on Mount and Blade II : Bannerlord as confirmed in a PC Gamer interview by Designer and Producer Mikail Yazbeck .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b9cd889f8e62a1e10b30e7415019f4c3", "text": "Hayao Miyazaki is a Japanese film director , producer , screenwriter , animator , author , and manga artist . Through a career that has spanned over five decades , Miyazaki has attained international acclaim as a masterful storyteller and as a maker of anime feature films and , along with Isao Takahata , co-founded Studio Ghibli , a film and animation studio . Born in Bunkyō , Tokyo , Miyazaki began his animation career in 1963 when he joined Toei Animation . From there , Miyazaki worked as an in-between artist for Gulliver 's Travels Beyond the Moon , where he pitched ideas that eventually became the film 's ending . Hayao Miyazaki was also associated with Tokyo Movie Shinsha . He co-directed Lupin III with Isao Takahata , provided the screenplay and key animation for Panda ! Go Panda ! , provided key animation for the first episode of Tokyo Giants , provided the original concept for Jungle Kurobe , provided the director role for Lupin III : Tales of the Wolf , provided key animation for the Ulysses 31 pilot in conjunction with Diffusion Information Communication , provided the director role for The New Adventures of Zorro , provided key animation for the Inspector Gadget pilot , and provided the chief director role for season 1 of Sherlock Hound . He continued to work in various roles in the animation industry with various studios until he directed his first feature film , The Castle of Cagliostro , a Lupin the Third story , released in 1979 . After the success of his next film , Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind ( 1984 ) , he co-founded Studio Ghibli , where he continued to produce many feature films . While Miyazaki 's films have long enjoyed both commercial and critical success in Japan , he remained largely unknown to the West until Miramax Films released Princess Mononoke in 1997 . Princess Mononoke was briefly the highest-grossing film in Japan until it was eclipsed by another 1997 film , Titanic , and it became the first animated film to win Picture of the Year at the Japanese Academy Awards . Miyazaki 's next film , Spirited Away ( 2001 ) , won Picture of the Year at the Japanese Academy Awards , and was the first anime film to win an American Academy Award . Miyazaki 's films often contain recurrent themes , like humanity 's relationship with nature and technology , and the difficulty of maintaining a pacifist ethic . His films ' protagonists are often strong girls or young women . While two of his films , The Castle of Cagliostro and Castle in the Sky , involve traditional villains , his other films like Nausicaä and Princess Mononoke present morally ambiguous antagonists with redeeming qualities . He co-wrote films The Secret World of Arrietty , released in July 2010 in Japan and February 2012 in the United States ; and From Up on Poppy Hill released in July 2011 in Japan and March 2013 in the United States . Miyazaki 's newest film The Wind Rises was released on July 20 , 2013 and screened internationally in February 2014 . The film would go on to earn him his third American Academy Award nomination and first Golden Globe Award nomination . Miyazaki announced on September 1 , 2013 that The Wind Rises would be his final feature-length movie . In November 2014 , Miyazaki was awarded an Honorary Academy Award for his impact on animation and cinema . He is the second Japanese filmmaker to win this award , after Akira Kurosawa in 1990 . In 2002 , American film critic Roger Ebert suggested that Miyazaki may be the best animation filmmaker in history , praising the depth and artistry of his films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "09b07b45caae35d333c59a7c7ee37659", "text": "Tales of the Vampires Tales of the Vampires is a five issue American comic book limited series ( later collected in a single trade paperback ) , published by Dark Horse Comics and set in the Buffyverse . It comprises an anthology of short stories written by Joss Whedon , Jane Espenson , Ben Edlund , and Drew Goddard . Each story tells the tale of one or more Buffyverse vampires , and the otherwise unrelated collection is strung together by a bridging story written by Whedon . The anthology is presented as a series of stories told by an ancient vampire to a group of young Watchers . Tales of the Vampires is the tale of that storytelling session and functions as a bridge among the other items in the anthology . The stories in this series are generally considered to be an official part of the Buffyverse canon . Dark Horse published a new one-shot special based on the Tales of the Vampires concept by Becky Cloonan , Vasilis Lolos , Gabriel Bá and Fabio Moon in June 2009 . Specifically , this one-shot is a tie-in with the Buffy the Vampire Slayer Season Eight storyline following `` Harmonic Divergence '' in which vampires become very popular with the public at large .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8723d8809fe7ca5b3197947e8b8cc5b1", "text": "Web of Stories Web of Stories is an online collection of thousands of autobiographical video-stories . Web of Stories , originally known as Science Archive , was set up to record the life stories of scientists . When it expanded to include the lives of authors , movie makers , artists and others , it was renamed Peoples Archive , finally evolving to become Web of Stories in 2008 . The website has the following features : Video recordings of the life stories of a broad range of the acknowledged leaders of our time , including : scientists Francis Crick and James Watson , neurologist Oliver Sacks , writer Stan Lee , and authors Doris Lessing and Philip Roth , as well as 16 Nobel Prize winners , 19 Fellows of the Royal Society , 4 Pulitzer Prize winners , and 3 Academy Award winners . All stories are organised into themes ( for example , ` Love ' , ` War ' and ` Health ' ) . A growing selection of videos are also available on the dedicated YouTube - Web of Stories Channel . Web of Stories is based in London , and is part of the Science Navigation Group , a group of scientific publishing companies which also publishes Faculty of 1000 , and formerly published Global DataPoint , Postcode Gazette , Current BioData .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cce3572870aa430faef640cb2c1320c6", "text": "A Story of Children and Film A Story of Children and Film is a 2013 documentary film directed by Mark Cousins . It features clips from movies from around the world that feature children , and scenes featuring the director 's niece and nephew .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c42844a1a1fc778ea322ede39a2664fc", "text": "Threads Threads is a 1984 British television drama jointly produced by the BBC , Nine Network and Western-World Television Inc. . Written by Barry Hines and directed by Mick Jackson , it is a docudrama account of nuclear war and its effects on the city of Sheffield in Northern England . The plot centres on two families as a confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union erupts . As the nuclear exchange between NATO and the Warsaw Pact begins , the film depicts the medical , economic , social and environmental consequences of nuclear war . Shot on a budget of # 250,000 -- 350,000 , the film was the first of its kind to depict a nuclear winter . Certain reviewers nominated Threads as the `` film which comes closest to representing the full horror of nuclear war and its aftermath , as well as the catastrophic impact that the event would have on human culture '' . It has been compared to the earlier programme The War Game produced in Britain in the 1960s and its contemporary The Day After , a 1983 ABC television film depicting a similar scenario in the United States . It was nominated for seven BAFTA awards in 1985 and won for Best Single Drama , Best Design , Best Film Cameraman and Best Film Editor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3c95d6b6f0e5fc404bce953042aa238", "text": "Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film . The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d21b9e79bc8b8e850e76dd15523527c0", "text": "Snake Tales (TV series) Snake Tales is an 2009 Australian children 's television series produced by Westside Film & Television and distributed by Southern Star . The first series , filmed in Victoria , consisted of thirteen episodes and premiered on the Nine Network on 5 September 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7056a75f1f12da89d4b78dcb88ea6202", "text": "Social Capital Entertainment Social Capital Entertainment is an American film production company involved in film , music and interactive entertainment . The company was founded in 2004 by producer and real estate investor Martin Shore together with Jonathan Platt and Jonathan Miller . Social Capital produced and financed the psychological thriller , Tell Tale , together with Ridley and Tony Scott . Tell Tale starred Josh Lucas , Lena Heady and Brian Cox , and was directed by Michael Cuesta ( L.I.E. , Dexter ) . They are soon to release 2001 Maniacs : Field of Screams , the sequel to 2001 Maniacs , the 2005 Social Capital horror film . Other previous films include the period drama The Countess ( Julie Delpy 's follow-up to 2 Days in Paris ) and Snoop Dogg 's Hood of Horror ( Lionsgate ) . The company has also produced soundtracks for such films as Saw ( Lionsgate ) , Saw II ( Lionsgate ) , Rize ( Lionsgate ) and Rock School ( Newmarket ) , as well as for television series including Summerland .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "13a994e6f9a5d5163460e07d1d0f854b", "text": "007 Legends 007 Legends is a first-person shooter video game featuring the character of British secret agent James Bond . It was developed by Eurocom and released by Activision in October 2012 for PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 , November 2012 for Microsoft Windows and December 2012 for Wii U . The game is available as physical optical disc media , as well as a digital release download via PlayStation Network and Xbox Live Marketplace on date of release . It was removed off all other digital stores without warning . The PAL Wii U version of the game was released in some parts of Europe on 6 December 2012 , and in the United Kingdom on 21 December 2012 . The release was cancelled in Australia . The game was released to coincide with the fiftieth anniversary of the James Bond film series . To achieve this the single player campaign includes one mission from each of the six actors ' eras , being Goldfinger ( Sean Connery ) , On Her Majesty 's Secret Service ( George Lazenby ) , Moonraker ( Roger Moore ) , Licence to Kill ( Timothy Dalton ) and Die Another Day ( Pierce Brosnan ) , with Skyfall ( Daniel Craig ) released as downloadable content for the Xbox 360 , PS3 and PC and included on disc for the Wii U version . Additionally , some of the original talent from the films add their likenesses and voices to their associated characters . 007 Legends is the fourth James Bond game title to be released by Activision , as well as the last game Eurocom developed before the company ceased operations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ef86ff735c39396452074b5ac4c1d313", "text": "Tale of Cinema Tale of Cinema is the sixth film by critically acclaimed South Korean director Hong Sang-soo . It was entered into the 2005 Cannes Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a93a74a1165afff17b1a50fca4362c12", "text": "Jackrabbit (film) Jack Rabbit is a 2015 American cyberpunk film directed by Carleton Ranney , who co-wrote it with Destin Douglas . Josh Caras and Ian Christopher Noel star as residents of a dystopian city who attempt to find details about the death of their mutual friend , a computer hacker . It premiered at the 2015 Tribeca Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8448e3b5c0dd607ef1d45dcc44714d78", "text": "Tales of an Ancient Empire Tales of an Ancient Empire is a 2010 American fantasy-sword and sorcery film directed by Albert Pyun and starring Kevin Sorbo , Michael Paré , Whitney Able , Melissa Ordway , Ralf Moeller , Lee Horsley and Victoria Maurette . It is a sequel to Pyun 's directorial debut , The Sword and the Sorcerer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "53b4cc5deca0f47680ea33969b783dc2", "text": "127 Hours 127 Hours is a 2010 British-American biographical survival drama film directed , co-written , and produced by Danny Boyle . The film stars James Franco as Aron Ralston . In 127 Hours , canyoneer Aron Ralston becomes trapped by a boulder in an isolated slot canyon in Blue John Canyon , southeastern Utah , in April 2003 . It is a British and American venture produced by Everest Entertainment , Film4 Productions , HandMade Films and Cloud Eight Films . The film , based on Ralston 's memoir Between a Rock and a Hard Place ( 2004 ) , was written by Boyle and Simon Beaufoy , produced by Christian Colson and John Smithson , and scored by A. R. Rahman . Beaufoy , Colson , and Rahman had all previously worked with Boyle on Slumdog Millionaire ( 2008 ) . 127 Hours was well received by critics and audiences , and was nominated for six Academy Awards , including Best Actor for Franco and Best Picture .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3c8ff3fca8b576d8e95c5c32fab81b31", "text": "Tales of Paris Tales of Paris is a 1962 French anthology film starring Catherine Deneuve . It is also known as Le Parigine , Les Parisiennes and Of Beds and Broads .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "89317c9d5710d071e5852213cc0ade34", "text": "Oculus Story Studio Oculus Story Studio is an original animated virtual-reality film studio . It is a division of Oculus VR The studio was started by Oculus VR to pioneer animated virtual reality filmmaking and educate , inspire , and foster community for filmmakers interested in VR . Story Studio was founded in 2014 by Pixar veterans Saschka Unseld and Max Planck , as well as producer Edward Saatchi . The studio was publicly announced and premiered its first film , Lost , at the 2015 Sundance Film Festival . In 2016 the studio 's second film , Henry , won the Emmy for Outstanding Original Interactive Program . Oculus announced in May 2017 that the studio had been closed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e905baeaab5c08754ac6733e753bdbda", "text": "Lean Tales Lean Tales is an anthology of short stories written by Scottish authors Alasdair Gray , Agnes Owens and James Kelman , with author illustrations by Alasdair Gray . Contractually obligated to Jonathan Cape to provide a new book , Gray claimed to find himself without new material or ideas , and so approached Kelman and Owens to bulk out a collection of stories with some of their own . As is often the case with Gray 's later stories , some of his own contributions are recycled from his previous writing , including The Story of a Recluse ( based on his television play ) and A Report to the Trustees of the Bellahouston Travelling Scholarship ( based on report written after Gray received a grant to travel abroad as an art student ) . Lean Tales was first published by Jonathan Cape Ltd. , London , 1985 . Category :1985 short story collections Category : Scottish short story collections Category : Jonathan Cape books", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4c7853bff08cc75df8a081051455564a", "text": "List of Tales media The Tales series , known in Japan as the , is a franchise of fantasy Japanese role-playing video games published by Bandai Namco Games ( formerly Namco ) , and developed by its subsidiary , Namco Tales Studio ( formerly Wolf Team ) until 2011 and presently by Bandai Namco . First begun in 1995 with the development and release of Tales of Phantasia for the Super Famicom , the series currently spans fifteen main titles , multiple spin-off games and supplementary media in the form of manga series , anime series , and audio dramas . While entries in the series generally stand independent of each other with different characters and stories , they are commonly linked by their gameplay , themes and high fantasy settings . Most of the main Tales games have been localized for North America and Europe , although almost all of the spinoff titles have not been released abroad . While generally seen as a niche series in English speaking regions , Tales is considered a high-profile property in Japan , just behind other series such as Final Fantasy and Dragon Quest . As of December 2013 , the series has sold 16 million units worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ec915b9f8fed61ce370c379fcf078a9c", "text": "Tomorrow Never Dies Tomorrow Never Dies ( 1997 ) is the eighteenth spy film in the James Bond series , and the second to star Pierce Brosnan as the fictional MI6 agent James Bond . Directed by Roger Spottiswoode , with the screenplay written by Bruce Feirstein , the film follows Bond as he attempts to stop Elliot Carver , a power-mad media mogul , from engineering world events to initiate World War III . The film was produced by Michael G. Wilson and Barbara Broccoli , and was the first James Bond film made after the death of producer Albert R. Broccoli , to whom the movie pays tribute in the end credits . Filming locations included France , Thailand , Germany , Mexico and the United Kingdom . Tomorrow Never Dies performed well at the box office and earned a Golden Globe nomination despite mixed reviews . While its performance at the domestic box office surpassed that of its predecessor , GoldenEye , it was the only Pierce Brosnan Bond film not to open at number one at the box office , as it opened the same day as Titanic , but instead at number two .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f5fa0a857db841f57962871e09fe626c", "text": "Tales of Nevèrÿon Tales of Nevèrÿon collects a preface ( to the entire series ) and five sword and sorcery stories by Samuel R. Delany ; and finally an appendix . The stories are `` The Tale of Gorgik , '' `` The Tale of Old Venn , '' `` The Tale of Small Sarg , '' `` The Tale of Potters and Dragons , '' and `` The Tale of Dragons and Dreamers . '' It is the first of the four-volume Return to Nevèrÿon series . This article discusses the five stories collected in the book . Discussions of overall plot , setting , characters , themes , structure , and style of the series are found in the main series article .", "title": "" } ]	fever
85cbe55436af9e8a748ae48efc6a79df	FC Barcelona is in third place on the UEFA club rankings.	[ { "docid": "22fa9f153ec82543d4303b65cd270463", "text": "FC Barcelona Futbol Club Barcelona ( -LSB- fubˈbɔɫ ˈkɫub bərsəˈɫonə -RSB- ) , commonly known as Barcelona and familiarly as Barça , is a professional football club based in Barcelona , Catalonia , Spain . Founded in 1899 by a group of Swiss , English and Catalan footballers led by Joan Gamper , the club has become a symbol of Catalan culture and Catalanism , hence the motto `` Més que un club '' ( `` More than a club '' ) . Unlike many other football clubs , the supporters own and operate Barcelona . It is the second most valuable sports team in the world , worth $ 3.56 billion , and the world 's second richest football club in terms of revenue , with an annual turnover of $ 560.8 million . The official Barcelona anthem is the `` Cant del Barça '' , written by Jaume Picas and Josep Maria Espinàs . Domestically , Barcelona has won 24 La Liga , 29 Copa del Rey , 12 Supercopa de España , 3 Copa Eva Duarte and 2 Copa de la Liga trophies , as well as being the record holder for the latter four competitions . In international club football , Barcelona has won twenty European and World titles -- four UEFA Champions League titles and one European Cup , a record four UEFA Cup Winners ' Cup , a shared record five UEFA Super Cup , a record three Inter-Cities Fairs Cup and a record three FIFA Club World Cup . Barcelona was ranked first in the IFFHS Club World Ranking for 1997 , 2009 , 2011 , 2012 and 2015 and currently occupies the third position on the UEFA club rankings . The club has a long-standing rivalry with Real Madrid ; matches between the two teams are referred to as El Clásico . Barcelona is one of the most widely supported teams in the world , and the club has the largest social media following in the world among sports teams . Barcelona players have won a record number of Ballon d'Or awards ( 11 ) , with recipients including Johan Cruyff , as well as a record number of FIFA World Player of the Year awards ( 7 ) , with winners including Ronaldo , Romário and Ronaldinho . In 2010 , three players who came through the club 's youth academy ( Lionel Messi , Andrés Iniesta and Xavi ) were chosen as the three best players in the world in the FIFA Ballon d'Or awards , an unprecedented feat for players from the same football school . Barcelona is one of three founding members of the Primera División that have never been relegated from the top division , along with Athletic Bilbao and Real Madrid . In 2009 , Barcelona became the first Spanish club to win the continental treble consisting of La Liga , Copa del Rey , and the UEFA Champions League , and also became the first football club to win six out of six competitions in a single year , completing the sextuple in also winning the Spanish Super Cup , UEFA Super Cup and FIFA Club World Cup . In 2011 , the club became European champions again and won five trophies . This Barcelona team , which won 14 trophies in just 4 years under Pep Guardiola , is considered by some in the sport to be the greatest team of all time . By winning their fifth Champions League trophy on 6 June 2015 , Barcelona became the first European club in history to achieve the continental treble twice .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "de6e6ea79995ec0e92d0bf56792688d0", "text": "2008–09 S.L. Benfica season The 2008 -- 09 European football season was Sport Lisboa e Benfica 's 105th season and their 75th consecutive season in the top flight of Portuguese football . The season ran from 1 July 2008 to 30 June 2009 , with Benfica competing domestically in the Primeira Liga , Taça de Portugal and Taça da Liga . The club also participated in the UEFA Cup , since they finished fourth in the Primeira Liga the previous season . After José Antonio Camacho 's March 2008 resignation , Benfica did not have a permanent manager . The club inquired about Quique Sánchez Flores , Sven-Göran Eriksson and others , ultimately choosing Flores . Rui Costa led the transfer activity as Benfica continued to invest heavily , spending nearly $ 19 million on Javier Balboa , Carlos Martins , Pablo Aimar and Sidnei and bringing in José Antonio Reyes and David Suazo on loan . Major departures included Rui Costa , Cristian Rodríguez , Petit and Nélson . Benfica 's season began inauspiciously but they quickly recovered , gaining momentum domestically and eliminating Napoli to qualify for the group stage of the UEFA Cup . Until January , club performance fluctuated in their European campaign and the domestic league . Although they finished last in the former , they reached first place in the Primeira Liga for the first time since 2005 . In the new year , Benfica suffered their first league loss , falling to second place and beginning their erratic spell . Despite a sterling League Cup ( where they earned their first honour in four seasons ) , the club 's league play was not as impressive . They battled Porto for first place until March , when they had another costly loss and were passed by Sporting CP . Benfica tried to retake second place in the remaining eight matches , but in early May , the club dropped five points , sealing their fate ; they finished third , missing the UEFA Champions League for a second consecutive season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3b10d49e4f357effacdacadafce330f5", "text": "History of FC Barcelona The history of Futbol Club Barcelona goes from the football club 's founding in 1899 and up to current time . FC Barcelona , also known simply as Barcelona and familiarly as Barça , is based in Barcelona , Catalonia , Spain . The team was founded in 1899 by a group of Swiss , English and Spanish footballers led by Joan Gamper . The club played amateur football until 1910 in various regional competitions . In 1910 , the club participated in their first of many European competitions , and has since amassed ten UEFA trophies and a sextuple . In 1928 , Barcelona co-founded La Liga , the top-tier in Spanish football , along with a string of other clubs . As of 2016 , Barcelona has never been relegated from La Liga , a record they share with Athletic Bilbao and arch-rival Real Madrid . The history of super Barcelona has often been political . Though it is a club created and run by foreigners , Barcelona gradually became a club associated with Catalan values . In Spain 's transition to autocracy in 1925 , Catalonia became increasingly hostile towards the central government in Madrid . The hostility enhanced Barcelona 's image as a focal point for Catalonism , and when Francisco Franco banned the use of the Catalan language , the stadium of Barcelona became one of the few places the people could express their dissatisfaction . The Spanish transition to democracy in 1978 has not dampened the club 's image of Catalan pride . In the 2000s -- a period of sporting success in the club and an increased focus on Catalan players -- club officials have openly called for Catalonia to become an independent state .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "12f17d7581e1c6f906871f63b152e1e5", "text": "Third place playoff The match for third place , third place play-off , bronze medal game or consolation game is a single match that is included in many sporting knockout tournaments to decide which competitor or team will be credited with finishing third and fourth . The teams that compete in the third place playoff game are usually the two losing semi-finalists in a particular knockout tournament . Many tournaments use the third place playoff to determine who wins the bronze medal . In tournaments that do not award medals , a third place playoff is a classification match that serves little more than as a consolation to the losing semi-finalists . A consolation game also allows teams to play more than one game after having invested time , effort and money in the quest for a championship . In some tournaments , a third place playoff is necessary for seeding purposes if all four semi-finalists advance to another tournament . Third place playoffs are subject to debate . Many sports tournaments do not have a third place playoff due to a lack of interest . It has been criticised by some who feel that the match serves little purpose , but others see this game as an occasion for the losing semi-finalists to salvage some pride . How seriously the competitors or teams take a third place playoff , may also be mixed : a heavily-favoured team that lost in an upset in the semi-final round may not have as much incentive to win as would a `` Cinderella '' team who was not expected to advance that far .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3018faa57830872a2124bb3ef2d063ce", "text": "1958–59 FC Barcelona season The 1958 -- 59 season was the 60th season for FC Barcelona .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7b45d30ac4c05ebf3e200cde1498b56b", "text": "2012 Copa ASOBAL The 2012 Copa ASOBAL was the 23rd edition of the Copa ASOBAL . It took place in the Pabellón As Travesas , in Vigo , Galicia , on 21 & 22 December 2012 . It was hosted by Liga ASOBAL , Vigo city council & Academia Octavio . Vigo hosts Copa ASOBAL for third time . FC Barcelona Intersport won its eight title and qualified for 2013 -- 14 EHF Champions League .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7b158bca6ae574c22e5f06797dec03ba", "text": "UEFA The Union of European Football Associations ( UEFA , -LSB- juːˈeɪfə -RSB- Union des Associations Européennes de Football ) Vereinigung Europäischer Fußballverbände ) is the administrative body for association football in Europe , although several member states are primarily or entirely located in Asia . It is one of six continental confederations of world football 's governing body FIFA . UEFA consists of 55 national association members . UEFA represents the national football associations of Europe , runs nation and club competitions including the UEFA European Championship , UEFA Champions League , UEFA Europa League , and UEFA Super Cup , and controls the prize money , regulations , and media rights to those competitions . Until 1959 the main headquarters were located in Paris , and later in Bern . In 1995 , UEFA headquarters were transferred to Nyon , Switzerland . Henri Delaunay was the first general secretary and Ebbe Schwartz the first president . The current president is Aleksander Čeferin , a former Football Association of Slovenia president , who was elected as UEFA 's seventh president at the 12th Extraordinary UEFA Congress in Athens in September 2016 , and automatically became a vice-president of the world body FIFA .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d232f392c0fe37d31573f396226b6de9", "text": "UEFA Euro 2016 The 2016 UEFA European Championship , commonly referred to as UEFA Euro 2016 or simply Euro 2016 , was the 15th UEFA European Championship , the quadrennial international men 's football championship of Europe organised by UEFA . It was held in France from 10 June to 10 July 2016 . Spain were the two-time defending champions , having won the 2008 and 2012 tournaments , but were eliminated in the round of 16 by Italy . Portugal won the tournament for the first time , following a 1 -- 0 victory after extra time over the host team , France , in the final played at the Stade de France . For the first time , the European Championship final tournament was contested by 24 teams , having been expanded from the 16-team format used since 1996 . Under the new format , the finalists contested a group stage consisting of six groups of four teams , followed by a knockout phase including three rounds and the final . Nineteen teams -- the top two from each of the nine qualifying groups and the best third-placed team -- joined France in the final tournament , who qualified automatically as hosts ; a series of two-legged play-off ties between the remaining third-placed teams in November 2015 decided the last four finalist spots . France was chosen as the host nation on 28 May 2010 , after a bidding process in which they beat Italy and Turkey for the right to host the 2016 finals . The matches were played in ten stadiums in ten cities : Bordeaux , Lens , Lille Métropole , Décines-Charpieu , Marseille , Nice , Paris , Saint-Denis , Saint-Étienne , and Toulouse . It was the third time that France hosted the finals , after the inaugural tournament in 1960 and the 1984 finals . As the winners , Portugal earned the right to compete at the 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup in Russia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aac7b160b0f35fa471e346bed58acdfe", "text": "2016–17 FC Barcelona Bàsquet season The 2016 -- 17 season is FC Barcelona Lassa 's 91st in existence and the club 's 34th consecutive season in the top flight of Spanish basketball and the 17th consecutive season in the top flight of European basketball . Barcelona is involved in four competitions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "927df896e08b4fe4d0f2c6f740aa34fc", "text": "1929–30 FC Barcelona season The 1929 -- 30 season is FC Barcelona 's 31st in existence , and was their second year in the Primera División , and covers the period from 1929-08-01 to 1930-07-31 . FC Barcelona won the Catalan League for the 16th time , their only title in the season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a10e4935627159ff1fc8dc850df59bb4", "text": "Celtic F.C. in European football Celtic Football Club is a Scottish football club based in Glasgow , which has regularly taken part in European competitions since its first appearance in the 1962 -- 63 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup . Since then , the club has competed in every UEFA organised competition , with the exception of the now defunct Intertoto Cup . The club became the first British team and only Scottish team to win the European Cup , by beating Inter Milan in the 1967 final . The team that defeated Inter at the final held at the Estádio Nacional in Lisbon have since become known as `` The Lisbon Lions '' . During the 1960s , Celtic also twice reached the semi-finals of the European Cup Winners ' Cup before reaching a further European Cup final in 1970 where they lost 2 -- 1 to Feyenoord after extra-time , and then two further European Cup semi-finals in 1972 and 1974 . In more recent years , Celtic reached the 2003 UEFA Cup Final in Seville , which they lost 3 -- 2 after extra time to Porto , and also reached the last 16 of the Champions League on three occasions in the 2006 -- 07 , 2007 -- 08 and 2012 -- 13 seasons . The 2016 -- 17 season competing in the Champions League saw Celtic participating in its 53rd European campaign . Scott Brown , Celtic 's current captain , holds the club record for the most appearances , playing in 75 matches . Henrik Larsson , who scored twice in the 2003 UEFA Cup Final , is the club 's record goalscorer , with 35 goals .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d4b05c51b7d6b4b4e1660d7d6515418a", "text": "1998 UEFA Champions League Final The 1998 UEFA Champions League Final was a football match that took place at the Amsterdam Arena in Amsterdam , Netherlands on 20 May 1998 to determine the winner of the 1997 -- 98 UEFA Champions League . It pitted Real Madrid of Spain and Juventus of Italy . Juventus appeared in their third consecutive final , while Real Madrid were in their first of the Champions League era . Real Madrid won 1 -- 0 , the only goal scored by Predrag Mijatović , to clinch their seventh European title , their first for 32 years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "138957308352c741ba74b3105666eeac", "text": "2009–10 UEFA Champions League The 2009 -- 10 UEFA Champions League was the 55th season of Europe 's premier club football tournament organised by UEFA , and the 18th under the current UEFA Champions League format . The final was played on 22 May 2010 , at the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium , home ground of Real Madrid , in Madrid , Spain . The final was won by Italian club Internazionale , who beat German side Bayern Munich 2 -- 0 . Internazionale went on to represent Europe in the 2010 FIFA Club World Cup , beating Congolese side TP Mazembe 3 -- 0 in the final , and played in the 2010 UEFA Super Cup against Europa League winners Atlético Madrid , losing 2 -- 0 . Barcelona were the defending champions , but were eliminated by eventual winners Internazionale in the semi-finals .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "99eb7fe7030cbb366843f4b1665f6531", "text": "Sevilla FC C Sevilla Fútbol Club C , S.A.D. is a Spanish football team based in Seville , in the autonomous community of Andalusia . Founded in 2003 , it plays in Tercera División , holding home games at Ciudad Deportiva Cisneros Palacios . It is the third team of Sevilla FC .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b9f4268e87e07d3c5ef3b44ff4929d33", "text": "2016–17 RCD Espanyol season Reial Club Deportiu Espanyol de Barcelona ( Catalan pronunciation : -LSB- rəˈjaɫ ˈkɫub dəpurˈtiw əspəˈɲɔɫ də βərsəˈɫonə -RSB- ; Royal Spanish Sports Club of Barcelona ) , commonly known as RCD Espanyol , or simply as Espanyol , is a professional sports club based in Barcelona , Catalonia , Spain.During the 2016/17 campaign they will be competing in the following competitions : La Liga , Copa del Rey .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "67b0e5f28044d0497a80b189f66b5412", "text": "2009 FIFA Club World Cup The 2009 FIFA Club World Cup ( officially known as the FIFA Club World Cup UAE 2009 presented by Toyota for sponsorship reasons ) was a football tournament played from 9 December to 19 December 2009 . It was the sixth FIFA Club World Cup and was played in Abu Dhabi , United Arab Emirates . Australia , Japan and Portugal also placed bids to host the tournament , but Portugal later withdrew from the process . The final was played on 19 December 2009 and was won by European champions Barcelona , who came from behind to defeat the South American entrants , Estudiantes , 2 -- 1 after extra time . Mauro Boselli put Estudiantes ahead in the 37th minute , but Pedro equalised with one minute left in normal time before Lionel Messi scored the winning goal five minutes into the second half of extra time . This made Barcelona the first Spanish side to win the FIFA Club World Cup , and it also meant that they had won a total of six competitions in the 2009 calendar year , beating Liverpool 's record five trophies won in 2001 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5890119b4621cbf2ea951c20960dd655", "text": "2010–11 La Liga The 2010 -- 11 La Liga season ( known as the Liga BBVA for sponsorship reasons ) was the 80th since its establishment . The campaign began on 28 August 2010 and ended on 21 May 2011 . A total of 20 teams contested the league , 17 of which already contested in the 2009 -- 10 season and three of which were promoted from the Segunda División . In addition , a new match ball -- the Nike Total 90 Tracer -- served as the official ball for all matches . Defending champions Barcelona secured their third-consecutive and 21st La Liga title after a 1 -- 1 tie with Levante on 11 May 2011 . The result gave Barcelona a 6-point lead with two matches remaining which , combined with their better head-to-head record with Real Madrid , ensured that they finished top of the table . Barcelona led the table since defeating Madrid 5 -- 0 on 23 November 2010 . Since then , they lost only one match en route to winning the title . It was the third straight title for Barcelona manager Pep Guardiola . Lionel Messi won the LFP Award for Best Player , which marked his third consecutive win . The season was again dominated by Barcelona and Real Madrid , with second-place Madrid 21 points ahead of third-place Valencia . Having encountered each other in the Champions League semifinals and the Copa del Rey final , the top two teams met 4 times in 17 days , for a total of 5 times this season . The most significant managerial change prior to the start of the season was two-time Champions League-winning José Mourinho taking over at Real Madrid .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "23a7dab0ea3dd1827ee0bb161b079d10", "text": "2012–13 Primera División (women) The 2012 -- 13 Primera División season was the 25th edition of Spain 's highest women 's football league . FC Barcelona were the defending champions , having won their 1st title in the previous season . The season played from 2 September 2012 , and end on 5 May 2013 . A total of 16 teams contested the league , 14 of which already contested in the 2011 -- 12 season . Sevilla and Levante Las Planas were promoted from the Segunda División last season . The championship was decided on the last matchday , when Athletic Club Bilbao met Barcelona . After trailing Athletic the whole season , Barcelona overtook them by winning 2 -- 1 , and thus defended their title .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f541825701184e307bcd9d093cd461a2", "text": "2014 UEFA Europa League Final The 2014 UEFA Europa League Final was the final match of the 2013 -- 14 UEFA Europa League , the 43rd season of Europe 's secondary club football tournament organised by UEFA , and the fifth season since it was renamed from the UEFA Cup to the UEFA Europa League . It was played at the Juventus Stadium in Turin , Italy on 14 May 2014 , between Spanish side Sevilla and Portuguese side Benfica . Sevilla won the match 4 -- 2 on penalties , following a 0 -- 0 draw after extra time . Sevilla secured their third title in eight years , after winning the competition in 2006 and 2007 . With this triumph , they joined Juventus ( 1977 , 1990 , 1993 ) , Internazionale ( 1991 , 1994 , 1998 ) and Liverpool ( 1973 , 1976 , 2001 ) as the teams with the most wins . Benfica lost their second consecutive UEFA Europa League final , following their defeat against Chelsea in the 2013 final . Including their runner-up finish in 1983 , Benfica are the team with the most lost finals in the competition . As the winners , Sevilla earned the right to play against 2013 -- 14 UEFA Champions League winners Real Madrid in the 2014 UEFA Super Cup .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b76782c3f3c06aca283bb6da71ee0dfc", "text": "UEFA Euro 2012 The 2012 UEFA European Championship , commonly referred to as UEFA Euro 2012 or simply Euro 2012 , was the 14th European Championship for men 's national football teams organised by UEFA . The final tournament , held between 8 June and 1 July 2012 , was co-hosted for the first time by Poland and Ukraine , and was won by Spain , who beat Italy 4 -- 0 in the final at the NSC Olimpiyskiy in Kiev , Ukraine . Poland and Ukraine 's bid was chosen by UEFA 's Executive Committee on 18 April 2007 . The two host teams qualified automatically while the remaining 14 finalists were decided through a qualifying competition , featuring 51 teams , from August 2010 to November 2011 . This was the last European Championship to employ the 16-team finals format in use since 1996 ; from Euro 2016 onward , it was expanded to 24 finalists . Euro 2012 was played at eight venues , four in each host country . Five new stadiums were built for the tournament , and the hosts invested heavily in improving infrastructure such as railways and roads at UEFA 's request . Euro 2012 set attendance records for the 16-team format , for the highest aggregate attendance ( 1,440,896 ) and average per game ( 46,481 ) . Spain became the first team to win two consecutive European Championships , and also three straight major tournaments ( Euro 2008 , 2010 World Cup and Euro 2012 ) . Spain had already gained entry to the 2013 Confederations Cup by winning the 2010 World Cup , so runners-up Italy qualified instead . As at Euro 2008 in Austria and Switzerland , both 2012 host nations were eliminated in the group stage .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab31bf4c361eb6b4b6fb8243c081b641", "text": "1936–37 FC Barcelona season The 1936 -- 37 season was the 38th season for FC Barcelona .", "title": "" } ]	fever
30ab4936ba77742406c37b97487d6e92	In basketball, the ball can be advanced by dribbling it.	[ { "docid": "2c357bf25d71ab2c78237e059d638568", "text": "Basketball Basketball is a non-contact sport played on a rectangular court . While most often played as a team sport with five players on each side , three-on-three , two-on-two , and one-on-one competitions are also common . The objective is to shoot a ball through a hoop 18 in in diameter and 10 ft high that is mounted to a backboard at each end of the court . The game was invented in 1891 by Dr. James Naismith , who would be the first basketball coach of the Kansas Jayhawks , one of the most successful programs in the game 's history . A team can score a field goal by shooting the ball through the basket being defended by the opposition team during regular play . A field goal scores three points for the shooting team if the player shoots from behind the three-point line , and two points if shot from in front of the line . A team can also score via free throws , which are worth one point , after the other team is assessed with certain fouls . The team with the most points at the end of the game wins , but additional time ( overtime ) is mandated when the score is tied at the end of regulation . The ball can be advanced on the court by passing it to a teammate , or by bouncing it while walking or running ( dribbling ) . It is a violation to lift , or drag , one 's pivot foot without dribbling the ball , to carry it , or to hold the ball with both hands then resume dribbling . The game has many individual techniques for displaying skill -- ball-handling , shooting , passing , dribbling , dunking , shot-blocking , and rebounding . Basketball teams generally have player positions , the tallest and strongest members of a team are called a center or power forward , while slightly shorter and more agile players are called small forward , and the shortest players or those who possess the best ball handling skills are called a point guard or shooting guard . The point guard directs the on court action of the team , implementing the coach 's game plan , and managing the execution of offensive and defensive plays ( player positioning ) . Basketball is one of the world 's most popular and widely viewed sports . The National Basketball Association ( NBA ) is the most popular and widely considered to be the highest level of professional basketball in the world and NBA players are the world 's best paid athletes by average annual salary per player . Outside North America , the top clubs from national leagues qualify to continental championships such as the Euroleague and FIBA Americas League . The FIBA Basketball World Cup attracts the top national teams from around the world . Each continent hosts regional competitions for national teams , like EuroBasket and FIBA Americas Championship . The FIBA Women 's Basketball World Cup features the top national women 's basketball teams from continental championships . The main North American league is the WNBA , whereas the EuroLeague Women has been dominated by teams from the Russian Women 's Basketball Premier League .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "186b626c9882066255b526958fc3f7fc", "text": "Power forward Power forward is a position or role in some team sports : Power forward ( Australian rules football ) Power forward ( basketball ) Power forward ( ice hockey )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eb9691006d07327987c4074bd92a86a9", "text": "Spud (game) Spud is a game for children and adults , where players try to eliminate each other by catching and throwing an inflated and generally soft ball . It is related to `` call ball '' and `` ball tag '' . As few as three may play , with no upper limit . A large , open area is required . The game begins with each player being assigned a number , in secret , with the highest number corresponding to the number of players . For example , if 5 people are playing , each player will be assigned one of the numbers 1 through 5 . A player is chosen as ` It . ' The person who is It stands in the approximate center of the playing area , with one foot in front of the other . All of the other players must then touch one of their feet to its inward foot , and then step backwards 3 paces . This 3-step-backward set-up is required . When all of the players have stepped backward 3 paces , the person who is It throws the ball straight into the air and calls the number of another player . The ball must be thrown straight up . When the ball is thrown skyward , all of the players then dash away until the player whose number is called both ( 1 ) gains possession of the ball ; and ( 2 ) calls out ` Spud ! ' At that point , all of the players must freeze . If , while they were running , they were unable to stop immediately , those players must retrace their steps and return to the point that they were in contact with when Spud ! was called . In no event may any of the players run around corners or hide behind trees . In all instances , they must be in sight of the player who has gained possession of the ball . At this point , the player who has the ball is allowed to take an identified number of giant steps toward one or more of the other players . Smaller , younger , or older players may be given the option of taking more steps . After the steps are taken , the person with the ball will try to hit one of the other players with the ball . The target player may not move his or her feet or duck , but may sway , bend , shimmy , and shift . If the target player comes into contact with the thrown ball in any way ( unless he or she catches the ball ) , he or she is penalized with one letter ( i.e. , S P U or D ) , and then is charged with throwing the ball into the air for the next round . If the target player does not come into contact with the thrown ball or the target player catches the ball , the player who threw the ball is penalized with one letter , and then is charged with throwing the ball into the air for the next round . When a player receives four penalty letters ( S P U D ) , that person is required to go through a spanking machine , and a new game is begun . For another variation , a player who receives four Penalty letters is simply removed from the game , and the other players continue playing with their original penalty letters in place . When there are only 2 players left playing under this variation , there are two ways for the game to end . First , both players can be declared victors . Second , one of the removed players throws the ball into the air for the final round . In another variation , the highest of the secretly-assigned numbers is 2 greater than the number of players . In this version , the 2 secretly unassigned numbers are referred to as ` ghost numbers . ' If the player throwing the ball into the air calls a ghost number , all players will then chase after the ball and try to touch it . The last player to touch the ball is penalized with one letter and is then charged with throwing the ball into the air for the next round . While kicking the ball is permitted , players may not kick the ball if it is within 3 feet of another player ( for purposes of safety ) . In this instance , the player may simply touch or punch the ball with another part of the body besides his or her feet . In this version , when a player is removed , his or her number also becomes a ghost number . In all instances , a player who wants to call a ghost number must throw the ball sufficiently high and in the air to remove any advantage that he or she would otherwise have .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9663c460dbef962873261eb73fe58541", "text": "Groundstroke A groundstroke or ground stroke in tennis is a forehand or backhand shot that is executed after the ball bounces once on the court . It is usually hit from the back of the tennis court , around the baseline . A tennis player whose strategy is to trade groundstrokes with the opponent is termed a baseliner , as opposed to volleyers who prefers to hit volleys near the net . There are many factors that may define a good groundstroke . For example , one groundstroke may use topspin and another backspin . Both can be effective for different reasons having to do with depth , opponent 's strength or weaknesses , etc. . Some characteristics of groundstrokes are : depth ( how close the ball lands to the opponent 's baseline ) , speed ( how fast it travels in the air ) , pace ( the ball 's behavior after it bounces on the opponent 's side ) , trajectory , and placement . If a `` good groundstroke '' is to be played , it would generally have a combination of the above characteristics to produce a shot that is difficult for the opponent to return . Generally , a groundstroke that lands deep and in the corner of the opponent 's court will make it more difficult for the opponent to return the ball . However , this is somewhat arbitrary and depends on the opponent and stage of the point being played . For example , a short angled shot , a moon ball ( very high trajectory ) , an off pace shot , etc. , may prove effective against opponent A but not opponent B.", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c8556322c795599e904b3e9faa704ec6", "text": "NBA high school draftees The NBA high school draftees are players who have been drafted to the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) straight out of high school without playing basketball at the collegiate level . The process of jumping directly from high school to the professional level is also known as going prep-to-pro . Since 2006 , the practice of drafting high school players has been prohibited by the new collective bargaining agreement , which requires that players who entered the draft be 19 years of age and at least one year removed from high school . Contrary to popular belief , the player does not have to play at least a year in college basketball , as the player can choose to instead play in another professional league ( especially overseas ) like Brandon Jennings or Emmanuel Mudiay in Italy and China respectively , simply take the year off , such as the case with Satnam Singh Bhamara , or even hold themselves back a year in high school before declaring for the draft , such as the case with Thon Maker . The NBA has long had a preference for players who played basketball at the collegiate level ; the vast majority of players to play in the NBA have had college experience . However , there have been numerous notable players who attended high school in the United States and then jumped directly to the NBA without playing college basketball .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a5b94ffeffa6ed341764eb72a3277797", "text": "List of National Basketball Association annual three-point field goals leaders In basketball , a three-point field goal ( also known as a `` three-pointer '' or `` 3-pointer '' ) is a field goal made from beyond the three-point line , a designated arc radiating from the basket . A successful attempt is worth three points , in contrast to the two points awarded for shots made inside the three-point line . The National Basketball Association 's ( NBA ) three-point shooting leader is the player who recorded the highest three-point field goals in a given season . The statistic was first recognized in the 1979 -- 80 season when the three-point line was first implemented that season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "425800a2fe24b5c1eed3d14aeb357d75", "text": "Basket interference In basketball , basket interference is the violation of ( a ) touching the ball or any part of the basket while the ball is on the rim of the basket , ( b ) touching the ball when it is within the cylinder extending upwards from the rim , ( c ) reaching up through the basket from below and touching the ball , whether it is inside or outside the cylinder , or ( d ) pulling down on the rim of the basket so that it contacts the ball before returning to its original position . How the ball gets into the cylinder or onto the basket is irrelevant under high school and NCAA rules ; e.g. , a throw-in touched within the cylinder is basket interference , even though such a play could not score a goal . This similar play under NBA rules would not be basket interference . There is one exception to the above : if a player dunks the ball , ( s ) he may maintain contact with the ball into the cylinder or grab the rim ( momentarily ) without penalty . When a basket interference violation is called against the defending team , the shooting team is awarded the points for the field goal as if it had been made . When a basket interference violation is called against the shooting team , no points are scored and the ball is given to the defending team . Basket interference and goaltending are the only violations in basketball for which points are automatically awarded . FIBA has rules on basket interference . FIBA Art. 31.2.4 ( 2014 ) - Interference occurs under certain conditions when a player touches the ball , basket , rim , or backboard in a motion that `` the ball has been prevented from entering the basket or has been caused to enter the basket . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0f2aee977d56bd3506d6c0cdbdd9adf2", "text": "Golf instruction Golf instruction is the art of equipping and training golfers to play better golf through improved awareness of swing cause and effects as a result of the actions by their body , the club , and their effect on the golf ball . Most great golfers have a few common elements that make them great including : proper intentionality , swing repeatability to produce an action that fits the golfers intentionality , and a strong level of automaticity for long lasting enjoyment of the game golf . Golf instruction is unique as golf consists of five primary skills : shots from a tee ( most notable : driving that uses a driver ) , full shots from the ground ( mostly known as `` iron shots '' , pitching ( or 3/4 shots designed for distance control , chipping ( short shots around the green the require less than a full swing ) , putting ( 1 club preferably `` the putter '' ) and course strategy or gamesmanship . Proficiency in teaching golf instruction requires not only technical and physical ability , but also knowledge of the rules and etiquette of the game . Golf instruction offered on many platforms in the United States including : the PGA of America , GolfTEC , and independent golfers who `` may '' or `` may not '' have credentials that are recognized by credible teachers certified sources such as the PGA of America . Although there are many great golf instructors in the United States , who are PGA Class A Professionals , not all great instructors carry this status nor find it a major determiner of golf instruction proficiency . Golf Instruction can be wide ranging , but many great modern day instructors are able to diagnose and prescribe swing frustrations accurately and present a clear fix that encourages the golfer in the discovery of lasting repeatability from the specific ailment that `` plagued '' them from a sound repeatable swing to play a golf course successfully ( varying terms of success as a golfer ) Many modern instructors include the following in their diagnosis 1 . visual feedback through video and bio motion analysis 2 . personalized golf club fitting for individual body and swing types 3 . on-course play under real conditions 4 . mental performance development 5 . golf specific body conditioning for optimal golf bio-mechanics Beginning players can start lesson in several ways , but most do so in either a group or individual setting , covering the five primary skills of golf as noted above golf swing . Golf is an asymmetrical exercise that can break body balances , requiring also adequate exercises to keep the balance in muscles . Experienced recreational players often return for instruction , either to fix a specific problem they are encountering or to improve their game . Reconstruction of a golf swing to reach a high level of play often involves series of lessons over an extended period of time . Junior golfers often begin receiving instruction by age 10 or younger , and often retain private teachers even when coached on a high school golf team . Some top instructors who work with professional golfers have become quite well known in their own right over the years , including Harvey Penick , Jack Grout , Dick Harmon , David Leadbetter , Butch Harmon , Hank Haney , Chip Thomson , Sean Foley , and Mike Bennett and Andy Plummer . Some of the teachers maintain teaching facilities or schools where they or their disciples use their methods or systems . A few instructors focus solely on a particular aspect of the sport , such as Dave Pelz with the short game . Some famous golfers have been tightly bound with their instructor , such as Jack Nicklaus with Jack Grout , while in other cases golfers have made high-profile switches from one instructor to another , such as Tiger Woods moving from Butch Harmon to various other instructors . Recreational golfers are constantly seeking tips on how to improve , and the major golf publications such as Golf Magazine and Golf Digest devote substantial portions of their pages to instructional material of various kinds , often written by top-level instructors . Even television broadcasts of professional golf tournaments often contain short instructional segments , delivered by commentators who are also instructors such as Peter Kostis . Golf instruction may be augmented by training aids such as specially weighting or jointed clubs , putting cups for practice on the den room carpet , mini practice tees with feedback for use in garages , et cetera . Some training aids are sold via television infomercials and the more peculiar varieties were satirized in the 1996 film Tin Cup . Golf instruction is no guarantee of success or improved play in the game . Bad mechanics can be deeply ingrained in a subject 's swing , and psychological factors can also hinder progress . The 2009 Golf Channel program The Haney Project : Charles Barkley showcased some of these issues , as Hank Haney attempted to fix former NBA great Charles Barkley 's infamously bad swing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9e7b37b751f87f57593bacb146cd64c5", "text": "SportVU SportVU is a camera system hung from the rafters that collects data at a rate of 25 times per second and follows the ball and every player on the court . SportVU provides in-depth statistics , including real-time player and ball positioning through sophisticated software and statistical algorithms . SportVU 's speed , distance , and possession data provide key insights and analysis points . SportVU player tracking delivers statistical information via real-time X , Y positioning of players and X , Y , Z positioning of the ball . By leveraging this data , STATS is able to present performance metrics for players and teams to leverage . With a foundation in soccer , STATS expanded the core SportVU technology into basketball beginning with the 2010-2011 NBA season . Today , STATS is the Official Tracking partner of the NBA . The NBA is using these statistics captured by SportVU on NBA.com and NBATV as well as in arenas across the country to provide fans with insight . SportVU statistics are also being utilized by every team in the league to support their pro analytics and aid in player development .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a099e2021aedfb00a38b6931a110a41", "text": "Draft (sports) A draft is a process used in some countries and sports to allocate certain players to teams . In a draft , teams take turns selecting from a pool of eligible players . When a team selects a player , the team receives exclusive rights to sign that player to a contract , and no other team in the league may sign the player . The best-known type of draft is the entry draft , which is used to allocate players who have recently become eligible to play in a league . Depending on the sport , the players may come from college , high school or junior teams or teams in other countries . An entry draft is intended to prevent expensive bidding wars for young talent and to ensure that no one team can sign contracts with all of the best young players and make the league uncompetitive . To encourage parity , teams that do poorly in the previous season usually get to choose first in the postseason draft , sometimes with a `` lottery '' factor to discourage teams from deliberately losing . Other types of drafts include the expansion draft , in which a new team selects players from other teams in the league ; and the dispersal draft , in which a league 's surviving teams select players from the roster of a newly defunct franchise . Drafts are usually permitted under anti-trust or restraint of trade laws because they are included in collective bargaining agreements between leagues and labor unions representing players . These agreements generally stipulate that after a certain number of seasons , a player whose contract has expired becomes a free agent and can sign with any team . They also require minimum and sometimes maximum salaries for newly drafted players . National Football League President Joseph Carr instituted a draft in 1935 as a way to restrain teams ' payrolls and reduce the dominance of the league 's perennial contenders . It was adopted by the precursor of the National Basketball Association in 1947 ; by the National Hockey League in 1963 ; and by Major League Baseball in 1965 , although draft systems had been used in baseball since the 19th century . Drafts are uncommon outside the U.S. and Canada , and most professional football clubs obtain young players through transfers from smaller clubs or by developing youth players through their own academies . The youth system is operated directly by the teams themselves , who develop their players from childhood . Parity in these leagues is instead maintained through promotion and relegation , which automatically expels the weakest teams from a league in exchange for the strongest teams in the next lower league . The result is a drastically different endgame for poor teams : a North American sports team may see the opportunity to get better through the draft after a poor season , but a European club will instead be relegated down to a league with less money and prestige , potentially exacerbating the problems .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9f7dad81d9d441374cc4da5a2411e21d", "text": "List of National Basketball Association annual statistical leaders Every year , the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) awards titles to various leaders in the five basketball statistical categories -- points , rebounds , assists , steals , and blocked shots . Both the scoring title and the assists title were recognized in the 1946 -- 47 season , when the league played its first season . The rebounding title was recognized in the 1950 -- 51 season . Both the steals title and the blocks title were recognized in the 1973 -- 74 season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7b711018583afdc08017bb88a7239f4f", "text": "Notational analysis In professional sports , notational analysis is the study of movement patterns , strategy and tactics in team sports . Successful patterns of play can be identified and used in subsequent matches . Notational analysis has a history in dance and music notation . Notational analysis is a way that critical events in a performance can be quantified in a consistent and reliable manner . In notational analysis , no change in performance of any kind will take place without feedback . The role of feedback is central in the performance improvement process , and by inference , so is the need for accuracy and precision of such feedback . The provision of this accurate and precise feedback can only be facilitated if performance and practice is subjected to a vigorous process of analysis . Augmented feedback has traditionally been provided by subjective observations , made during performance by the coaches , in the belief that they can accurately report on the critical elements of performance without any observation aids . Several studies not only contradict this belief , but also suggest that the recall abilities of experienced coaches are little better than those of novices , and that even with observational training , coaches ' recall abilities improved only slightly . Furthermore , research in applied psychology has suggested that these recall abilities are also influenced by factors that include the observer 's motives and beliefs . The coach is not a passive perceiver of information , and as such his or her perception of events is selective and constructive , not simply a copying process . This importance of feedback to performance improvement , and the limitations of coaches ' recall abilities alluded to above , implies a requirement for objective data upon which to base augmented feedback , and the main methods of `` objectifying '' this data involve the use of video / notational analysis ( Hughes and Franks , 1997 p. 11 ) . Coaches have been aware , consciously or unconsciously , of these needs for accuracy of feedback and have been using simple data gathering systems for decades . More recently , sports scientists have been using notational analysis systems to answer fundamental questions about game play and performance in sport . An early work , over some decades , on analysis of soccer was picked up by the then Director of Coaching at the Football Association , and this had a profound effect on the patterns of play in British football -- the adoption of the ` long ball ' game . Generally , the first publications in Britain of the research process by notational analysis of sport were in the mid-1970s , so as a discipline it is one of the more recent to be embraced by sports science . The publication of a number of notation systems in racket sports provided a fund of ideas used by other analysts . Because of the growth and development of sports science as an academic discipline , a number of scientists began using and extending the simple hand notation techniques that had served for decades . This also coincided with the introduction of personal computers , which transformed all aspects of data gathering in sports science . Currently hand and computerised notation systems are both used to equal extents by working analysts , although the use of computer databases to collate hand notated data post-event makes the analyses much more powerful . The applications of notation have been defined as : - 1 . tactical evaluation , 2 . technical evaluation , 3 . analysis of movement , 4 . development of a database and modelling , and 5 . for educational use with both coaches and players . Most pieces of research using notation , or indeed any practical applications working directly with coaches and athletes , will span more than one of these purposes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "343ad260550b1811ef4c338da153215b", "text": "Drop shot A drop shot is a shot in some racquet sports in which the ball ( or birdie ) is hit relatively softly , and lands just over and close to the net .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bce1b667083d6009b553c8a254a9084d", "text": "Beach soccer Beach soccer , also known as beach football or beasal , is a variant of association football played on a beach or some form of sand . The game emphasises skill , agility and shooting at goal . Whilst football has been played informally on beaches for many years , the introduction of beach soccer was an attempt to codify rules for the game . This was done in 1992 by the founders of Beach Soccer Worldwide , a company set up to develop the sport and is responsible for the majority of its tournaments to this day . This was a major foundation for what is now known as beach soccer and what has led to the sport rapidly growing in popularity . The irregularity of the soft-sand playing surface leads to a totally different style of play than is used in football , with a greater degree of improvisation . The compact field , much smaller than a normal football field , allows players to score from anywhere on the sand , leading to an average of sixty attempts at goal in a single game . With an average of scoring rate of one goal every three or four minutes , around eleven goals are scored in total during an average game .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9753278a53a19024b034a2ddd2a08d60", "text": "Hooping Hooping ( also called hula hooping or hoop dance ) generally refers to manipulation of and artistic movement or dancing with a hoop ( or hoops ) . Hoops can be made of metal , wood , or plastic . Hooping combines technical moves and tricks with freestyle or technical dancing . Hooping can be practiced to or performed with music . In contrast to the classic toy hula hoop , modern hoopers use heavier and larger diameter hoops , and frequently rotate the hoop around parts of the body other than the waist , including the hips , chest , neck , shoulders , thighs , knees , arms , hands , thumbs , feet , and toes . The hoop can also be manipulated and rotated off the body as well . Modern hooping has been influenced by art forms such as rhythmic gymnastics , hip-hop , freestyle dance , fire performance , twirling , poi , and other dance and movement forms . Hooping is part of the greater spectrum of flow arts , which are playful movement arts involving skill toys that are used to evoke the exploration of dynamic , flowing , and sequential movements . This movement , and the related mind/body state , is referred to as `` flow '' . Technically , hooping is a form of object manipulation and therefore shares some lineage with juggling . In its modern incarnation as an art or dance form , and form of exercise , the practice of manipulating a hoop is referred to either as hoop dance or simply hooping . Hoop dance artists commonly refer to themselves , and the greater hoop dance community , as hoopers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b502f99f2ee6312d5aa3dd9d6cabd4d6", "text": "American football American football , referred to as football in the United States and Canada , and also known as `` gridiron football '' or simply `` gridiron '' , is a sport played by two teams of eleven players on a rectangular field with goalposts at each end . The offense , the team with control of the oval-shaped football , attempts to advance down the field by running with or passing the ball , while the team without control of the ball , the defense , aims to stop their advance and take control of the ball for themselves . The offense must advance at least ten yards in four downs , or plays , or else they turn over the football to the opposing team ; if they succeed , they are given a new set of four downs . Points are primarily scored by advancing the ball into the opposing team 's end zone for a touchdown or kicking the ball through the opponent 's goalposts for a field goal . The team with the most points at the end of a game wins . American football evolved in the United States , originating from the sports of association football and rugby football . The first game of American football was played on November 6 , 1869 , between two college teams , Rutgers and Princeton , under rules based on the association football rules of the time . During the latter half of the 1870s , colleges playing association football switched to the Rugby Union code , which allowed carrying the ball . A set of rule changes drawn up from 1880 onward by Walter Camp , the `` Father of American Football '' , established the snap , eleven-player teams , and the concept of downs ; later rule changes legalized the forward pass , created the neutral zone , and specified the size and shape of the football . American football as a whole is the most popular sport in the United States . Professional football and college football are the most popular forms of the game , with the other major levels being high school and youth football . , nearly 1.1 million high school athletes and 70,000 college athletes play the sport in the United States annually , almost all of them men , with a few exceptions . The National Football League , the most popular American football league , has the highest average attendance of any professional sports league in the world ; its championship game , the Super Bowl , ranks among the most-watched club sporting events in the world , and the league has an annual revenue of around US$ 10 billion .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5b2dfdc465c7abe9f531c504d5b0e4d5", "text": "Ball A ball is a round object ( usually spherical but sometimes ovoid ) with various uses . It is used in ball games , where the play of the game follows the state of the ball as it is hit , kicked or thrown by players . Balls can also be used for simpler activities , such as catch , marbles and juggling . Balls made from hard-wearing materials are used in engineering applications to provide very low friction bearings , known as ball bearings . Black-powder weapons use stone and metal balls as projectiles . Although many types of balls are today made from rubber , this form was unknown outside the Americas until after the voyages of Columbus . The Spanish were the first Europeans to see bouncing rubber balls ( albeit solid and not inflated ) which were employed most notably in the Mesoamerican ballgame . Balls used in various sports in other parts of the world prior to Columbus were made from other materials such as animal bladders or skins , stuffed with various materials . As balls are one of the most familiar spherical objects to humans , the word `` ball '' is used to refer to , or to describe , anything spherical or near-spherical .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b7403821a5e8c2e8c5169546f4275391", "text": "Jump shot (basketball) In basketball ( and derivatives like netball ) , a regular jump shot or jumper is an attempt to score a basket by jumping , usually straight up , and in mid-jump , propelling the ball in an arc into the basket . It is accomplished by the player bringing his or her elbow up until it is aligned with the hoop , then sent towards the hoop in a high arc . It is considered the easiest shot to make from a distance . The purposes of the jump are to shoot from a higher position and therefore make it more difficult for the defender to block the shot . It is the most effective in open play but can prove to be hard when there is a taller player in front of the shooter . There also exists another variant of a jump shot by shooting during the upwards movement of the jump to put more power behind the shot , this shot is usually done by women or players lacking enough force to allow far distance shots . This shot has other advantages like a quicker release and therefore a faster execution time ( comparable to the set shot ) and several disadvantages like a lower shooting height and less time for the shooter to aim in comparison to the mid-air jump shot . Other critics feared indecision once in the air . Debate still continues as to who invented the jump shot . In his book , The Origins of the Jump Shot , author John Christgau makes a strong case that it was Ken Sailors in May 1934 . Sailors went on to play for the University of Wyoming and was selected as MVP of their 1943 NCAA Championship team . Sailors also played for five different teams in the old American Basketball League . Other people that Christgau credits with the jump shot are Glen `` Glenn '' Roberts , Myer `` Whitey '' Skoog , John `` Mouse '' Gonzales , Bud Palmer , Davage `` Dave '' Minor , `` Jumping '' Joe Fulks , Johnny Adams , and Belus Smawley . In the NCAA collegiate archives , John Miller Cooper , who played at the University of Missouri in the 1930s , is recognized as the person to hoist the first jump shot . Hank Luisetti is credited with popularizing the jump shot . Today , the jump shot has many varieties , such as the `` turnaround jumper '' ( facing away from the basket , then jumping and spinning towards it , shooting the ball in mid-air ) ; the `` fadeaway '' ( jumping away from the basket to create space ) ; and the `` leaning jumper '' ( jumping towards the basket to move away from a trailing defender ) . Many , however , have overlooked the `` hook shot '' as a type of jump shot ( the offensive player , usually turned perpendicular to the basket , gently throws the ball with a sweeping motion of his arm in an upward arc with a follow-through which ends over his head ) . It is an art mastered by very few , but for those who have , instituted a lasting impact on the game today . Because a defender often has to jump to block a jump shot , an offensive player can try to get his defender in the air at the wrong time by using a pump fake . If the offensive player then jumps into the defender , it is a defensive foul on the defensive player .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "02515679a6201da3322573960a614e86", "text": "Contact play The contact play is a base running play in the sport of baseball . It usually refers to a runner on third base breaking for home ( but occasionally refers to a runner at second base breaking for third ) . Similar to the safety-squeeze play , the runner at third breaks for home as soon as he sees that the batted ball is on a downward plane for a ground ball . If there is a runner at second base , he will also break for third if the batted ball is on the first base side of second . The play can backfire if the ball is hit directly at the third baseman or the pitcher as a putout will naturally be made at home plate to prevent the run from scoring . In this situation , the baserunner may freeze and return to third . At this point the runner at third 's objective changes from scoring to getting in a rundown in order to provide an opportunity for the batter to end up at second base . The main advantage to breaking for home on contact is that it reduces the amount of time an infielder will have to make a play at home and , thus , increases the likelihood of the runner scoring . A secondary advantage is that the possibility of a contact play will often cause the defensive infielders to `` play in , '' meaning closer to home plate , giving them less time to react to a hit ball and a greater likelihood of not being able to field it cleanly . The contact play is normally used when there is one out . With no outs , it is generally considered best not to risk being thrown out at home , since there will still be two more opportunities for later batters to drive in the runner . The only exception is when there is also a runner at first , since any ball fielded quickly enough to throw out the runner trying to score is also likely to be an easy double play ball , and the team has a much higher run expectation that inning if the result of the play is an out at home and runners on first and second than if the result is two outs and a runner at third . With two outs , all runners on base automatically break on contact , since there is no point in staying at their base while the fielder gets the final out of the inning by throwing to first base . Most students of Sabermetrics believe the contact play is proper strategy whenever there is a man on third and one out , since the loss from failure is tiny . Using standard tables of run expectation based on the number of outs and runners on base ( such as Sabremetrics 101 : Run Expectancy Matrix , 1999 -- 2002 ) , the difference between having a runner on third with two outs ( the usual result of not using the contact play on a typical ground ball out ) and having a runner on second with two outs ( the usual result of using the contact play and having the breaking runner caught in a rundown ) is only 0.043 runs . When the contact play scores a runner who otherwise would still be at third while an out is recorded at first , the net gain is 0.730 . Put another way , even if the contact play failed 16 times for every one time it succeeded , it would improve a team 's run scoring overall . Even that understates the advantage , since the need for the defense to play in often results in both the runner scoring and the batter reaching base safely , in which case the net benefit is 1.186 runs , which means that it could fail 27 times as often as it helped and still benefit the team overall . Category : Baseball terminology Category : Baseball plays", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6838d1f46a7b31232e0fd0320d1ae419", "text": "Ball in and out of play The ball in and out of play is the ninth law of the Laws of the Game of association football , and describes to the two basic states of play in the game .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7cb3729ae73ed0029d941ccb83934904", "text": "Slide (baseball) In baseball , a slide is the action of a player , acting as a baserunner , who drops his body to the ground once he is very close to the base he is approaching and slides along the ground to reach the base . Sliding is widely considered to be an essential component of baserunning in both youth and professional baseball , though not precisely for the same reason . A baserunner may slide into a base in a number of different ways and for a number of perceived reasons , including to avoid a tag out , to avoid overrunning the base , and to interfere or avoid contact with the defensive player protecting the base . Adult amateur players should determine whether they will benefit by sliding in a particular game situation , and whether an increased risk of injury will make a slide worthwhile .", "title": "" } ]	fever
6b495aa5d516cf37782f678958b8b718	Legion features a character named Haller.	[ { "docid": "3583f11260e0a9a28f894cf83c2e28dd", "text": "Legion (TV series) Legion is an American cable television series created for FX by Noah Hawley , based on the Marvel Comics character David Haller / Legion . It is connected to the X-Men film series , the first television series to be so , and is produced by FX Productions in association with Marvel Television . Hawley serves as showrunner on the series . Dan Stevens stars as Haller , a mutant diagnosed with schizophrenia at a young age . Rachel Keller , Aubrey Plaza , Bill Irwin , Jeremie Harris , Amber Midthunder , Katie Aselton , and Jean Smart also star . FX and Marvel Television announced a new collaboration to create a television series based on the X-Men character Legion in October 2015 , with Hawley signed on to write , and direct the pilot . Casting began by January 2016 , and filming took place in Vancouver . Hawley wanted to show Haller as an `` unreliable narrator '' , including mixing 1960s design with modern-day elements , and filming the series through the title character 's distorted view of reality . The eight-episode first season of Legion premiered at the Pacific Design Center on January 26 , 2017 , ahead of its FX debut on February 8 . The series received critical acclaim , particularly for its visuals and departure from superhero genre standards . A second season , of ten episodes , was ordered in March 2017 and is planned for a February 2018 release .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2981e7b9ff7b1baf827ab20429da9f60", "text": "Legion (Marvel Comics) Legion ( David Charles Haller ) is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . He is the mutant son of Professor Charles Xavier and Gabrielle Haller . Legion takes the role of an antihero and has a severe mental illness including a form of dissociative identity disorder in which each of his alternate personas controls one of his many superpowers . Legion stars in his own TV series of the same name where he is portrayed by Dan Stevens .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "53e8f2121502d380c2db1cdad52f5e58", "text": "Lieutenant Boomer Lieutenant Boomer , later known as Colonel Boomer , was a character on the 1978-1979 television series Battlestar Galactica and its spin-off series Galactica 1980 . He was portrayed on both series by Herbert Jefferson , Jr. . Boomer was a lieutenant in the Colonial Service , an officer with a background in engineering and communications . He was also an ace Colonial Viper pilot , and had pulled a tour of duty in the frozen environment of Ice Station Thule ; this made Boomer useful for similar missions in the series , such as in the episode Gun on Ice Planet Zero . In Robert Thurston 's novel version of Battlestar Galactica : The Saga Of A Star World , Thurston wrote that Boomer was a voracious reader who usually spent his off hours reading and called him cautious enough never to wager except on what was `` surer than a sure thing '' . In Saga of a Star World , he was one of the three recipients ( Apollo and Starbuck being the other two ) of the Golden Star Cluster , the highest military honor that could be awarded to Colonial Service warriors ( similar to the Medal of Honor for the real-world United States armed forces ) . During the events of Galactica 1980 , Boomer had reached the rank of colonel and was the executive officer of the Battlestar Galactica . Richard Hatch 's re-launch novel series sees him promoted to major and still serving as a Viper pilot .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1c3d44cf074840bf5fcfb1d8ac320be9", "text": "Brigade Temporelle Brigade Temporelle ( Time Brigade ) is a French comic book series created by French writer Claude J. Legrand and Spanish artist Edmond Ripoll for the magazine Futura published by Editions Lug in 1972 . The Time Brigade stories were initially clearly influenced by Poul Anderson 's Time Patrol . When the series begins , 20th century archeologist Jason Spell on a dig in Mesopotamia is recruited to become a member of Delta Hand 28 , a four-person operative unit of the Time Brigade , a time-travelling organization from the 40th century . The Brigade is responsible for the monitoring and control of the pludimensionality of Earth , in a segment of the space-time continuum known as Sector Rhamno . This spans our galactic quadrant , six billion years from the creation of the Solar System to some unspecified date in the future , about 1,000,000 years AD , and all of its alternate timelines . The Brigade functions with teams of four operatives , called a Hand since it reports to an artificial intelligence known as the Thumb . A Hand consists of one Coordinator and three Agents . While Coordinators tend to originate in the 40th century or later , Agents are recruited throughout time . The members of Delta Hand 28 are Khanor Rhi , its coordinator , a former chronoprogrammer from the 40th century , the beautiful Varna Zelton , a timsensitive and former student of Khanor , and Spell . In the first series , the fourth member was Rock Klammers , who tried to kill Adolf Hitler , but his memory was erased and he was returned to his own time . He was replaced in the second series by Minus-3 , an augmented ape . The first series of stories involved various missions through time , ending with a nuclear explosion that destroyed Sodom and Gomorrah . In the second series , the heroes discovered that the Brigade had been founded and was secretly controlled by a hidden group of immortals , inheritors of the science of Mû , the legendary fifth planet destroyed c. 65 million years BC . They tried to prevent the destruction of Mû by a lethal civil war , but failed . Brigade Temporelle was serialized in Futura Nos. 1 -- 10 and Nos. 19 -- 26 in 1972 -- 74 . The characters returned in 2001 and 2002 a number of short stories written by Jean-Marc Lofficier and drawn by Timothy Green II . A 46-page graphic novel by the same team subtitled La Guerre du Graal -LSB- The Grail War -RSB- was then released in 2005 . Brigade Temporelle is now part of Hexagon Comics which plans to publish collections of their adventures translated into English .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1eb734bd5d2b1a2600ee60cbf8a45545", "text": "Myth: The Fallen Lords Myth : The Fallen Lords is a 1997 real-time tactics video game developed by Bungie for Microsoft Windows and Mac OS . Released in November 1997 in North America and in February 1998 in Europe , the game was published by Bungie in North America and by Eidos Interactive in Europe . At the time , Bungie was known primarily as developers of Mac games , and The Fallen Lords was the first game they had developed and released simultaneously for both PC and Mac . It is the first game in the Myth series , which also includes a sequel , Myth II : Soulblighter , set sixty years after the events of the first game , and also developed by Bungie , and a prequel , Myth III : The Wolf Age , set one thousand years prior to the events depicted in The Fallen Lords , and developed by MumboJumbo . The game tells the story of the battle between the forces of the `` Light '' and those of the `` Dark '' for control of an unnamed mythical land . The Dark are led by Balor and a group of lieutenants ( the titular Fallen Lords ) , whilst the Light are led by `` The Nine '' ; powerful sorcerers known as `` Avatara , '' chief amongst whom is Alric . The game begins in the seventeenth year of the war in the West , some fifty years since the rise of Balor , with the forces of Light on the brink of defeat ; almost the entire land is under the dominion of the Dark , with only one major city and a few smaller towns remaining under the control of the Light . The plot follows the activities of `` The Legion '' , an elite unit in the army of the Light , as they attempt to turn back the tide and defeat Balor . The Fallen Lords received positive reviews from critics , and is credited as a defining title in the fledging real-time tactics genre . Reviewers praised its plot , graphics , gameplay , level design , online multiplayer mode , and differentiation from traditional real-time strategy games . The most often criticized aspects were the difficulty of the single-player campaign , which many reviewers felt was far too high , even on the lowest setting , and some awkwardness in controlling units . The game went on to win multiple awards , including `` Strategy Game of the Year '' from both PC Gamer and Computer Gaming World , and `` Game of the Year '' from both Computer Games Strategy Plus and Macworld . It was also a commercial success , selling over 350,000 units worldwide across both systems , earning back roughly seven times its budget . At the time , it was Bungie 's most successful game , and served to bring them to the attention of PC gamers and , more specifically , Microsoft , who would purchase the company in 2000 . The Myth series as a whole , and Soulblighter in particular , supported an active online community for over a decade after the official servers went offline . The first formally organized group of volunteer-programmers was MythDevelopers , who were given access to the game 's source code by Bungie . The most recently active Myth development group is Project Magma , an offshoot of MythDevelopers . These groups have worked to provide ongoing technical support for the games , update them to newer operating systems , fix bugs , release unofficial patches , create mods , and maintain online servers for multiplayer gaming .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "68769985a638d31ccf597e3b13f68cfc", "text": "X-Men: Legacy X-Men : Legacy is a comic book series published by Marvel Comics featuring the mutant superhero team , the X-Men . The title began its publication in October 1991 as X-Men . From 2001 until 2004 it was published as New X-Men . It had reverted in issue # 157 to its original title , but changed again from issue # 208 to X-Men : Legacy . Prior to the name change , the series is usually referred to as X-Men , vol . 2 because the first series , currently Uncanny X-Men , was titled The X-Men prior to 1981 . In addition , a new unrelated ongoing series titled X-Men was later released starting in 2010 , and is generally referred to as X-Men , vol . 3 . X-Men : Legacy was relaunched in 2012 as part of Marvel NOW ! with a new issue # 1 . The new volume , written by Simon Spurrier , focuses on Legion , son of the recently deceased Professor X , and his mission to preemptively help mutantkind while attempting to get his many personalities under control . The volume ended its run after 25 issues in March 2014 , but not before reverting to its original numbering with the final issue , X-Men : Legacy # 300 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "baf40c8b3db0e34dcbf024ae181f5602", "text": "Legion (Red Dwarf) `` Legion '' is the second episode of science fiction sit-com Red Dwarf Series VI and the 32nd in the series run . It was first broadcast on British television on 14 October 1993 , was written by Rob Grant & Doug Naylor and was directed by Andy de Emmony .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cddc20dd18f3e8b71a33154c48dcda9d", "text": "Galactus Galactus is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . Formerly a mortal man , Galactus is a cosmic entity who originally consumed planets to sustain his life force , and serves a functional role in the upkeep of the primary Marvel continuity . Galactus was created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby and first appeared in the comic book Fantastic Four # 48 , published in March 1966 . Lee and Kirby had desired to introduce a character that broke away from the archetype of the standard villain , culminating in the creation of Galactus . In the character 's first appearance Galactus was depicted as a god-like figure who feeds by draining living planets of their energy , and operates without regard to the morality and judgements of mortal beings . Galactus ' initial origin was that of a space explorer named Galan who gained cosmic abilities by passing near a star , but writer Mark Gruenwald further developed the origin of the character , revealing that Galan lived during the previous universe . As Galan 's universe came to an end , Galan merged with the `` Sentience of the Universe '' to become Galactus , an entity that wielded such cosmic power as to require devouring entire planets to sustain his existence . Additional material written by John Byrne , Jim Starlin , and Louise Simonson explored Galactus ' role and purpose in the Marvel Universe , and examined the actions of the character through themes of genocide , manifest destiny , ethics , and natural/necessary existence . Frequently accompanied by a herald ( such as the Silver Surfer ) , the character has appeared as both antagonist and protagonist in central and supporting roles . Since debuting in the Silver Age of Comic Books , Galactus has played a role in over five decades of Marvel continuity . The character has been featured in other Marvel media , such as arcade games , video games , animated television series , and the 2007 film Fantastic Four : Rise of the Silver Surfer . In 2009 , Galactus ranked 5th on IGN 's list of `` Top 100 Comic Book Villains '' , citing the character 's `` larger than life presence '' as making him one of the more important villains ever created . IGN also noted `` Galactus is one of the few villains on our list to really defy the definition of an evil-doer '' as the character is compelled to destroy worlds because of his hunger .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1f38d4941e0bf2a9b957f6e1619d893b", "text": "Ill Met in Lankhmar `` Ill Met in Lankhmar '' is a sword and sorcery novella by American writer Fritz Leiber , recounting the meeting and teaming-up of his adventurous duo , Fafhrd and the Gray Mouser . First published in 1970 in the Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction , it is a prequel , as Leiber had by that time been chronicling the pair 's adventures for thirty years . The story forms part four of the collection Swords and Deviltry . It was awarded the 1970 Nebula Award for Best Novella and the 1971 Hugo Award for Best Novella .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "468862578d5b0a66e9336c75ea6bbf93", "text": "Ferro Lad Ferro Lad ( Andrew Nolan ) is a fictional character , a comic book superhero and member of the Legion of Super-Heroes in the 30th century of the . He is Andrew Nolan of Earth . He is known in Post-Zero Hour continuity simply as Ferro .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dbe5cbcadee4921477a75c09f9e4a61b", "text": "Star of the Guardians Star of the Guardians is a series of fantasy novels by Margaret Weis . The series consists of several volumes : The Lost King King 's Test King 's Sacrifice Ghost Legion The Knights of the Black Earth ( 1995 ) , ISBN 0-451-45425-1 Robot Blues ( 1996 ) , ISBN 0-451-45581-9 Hung Out ( 1998 ) , ISBN 0-451-45618-1 Star of the Guardians is a series of four science fiction / space opera novels written by Margaret Weis without assistance from usual co-author Tracy Hickman . The original trilogy , The Lost King , King 's Test and King 's Sacrifice , concerns Dion 's adventures and eventual rise to the throne . A few years later , Margaret Weis realized that , while Dion had achieved his goals , the main characters of the series ( sundered lovers Sagan and Maigrey ) had not achieved peace , and penned the fourth book , Ghost Legion . She has since completed a trilogy of spin-offs concerning the mercenary team Mag Force 7 introduced in King 's Sacrifice . Based originally on The Magnificent Seven , the team developed a much more varied membership just in time to star in their own novels : The Knights of the Black Earth , Robot Blues and Hung Out . Weis and Don Perrin released a collectible card game under the name `` Mag Force 7 '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eaef8b70c69c8d0718755c492d743076", "text": "Legio XVII Legio septima decima ( `` Seventeenth Legion '' ) was a legion of the Imperial Roman army . It was founded by Augustus around 41 BC . The legion was destroyed in the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest ( September 9 , 9 ) . The legion 's symbol and cognomen are unknown . This legion was probably created to deal with Sextus Pompey , the last opponent of the second triumvirate , garrisoned in Sicily and threatening Rome 's grain supply . Following the defeat of Antony and Cleopatra in the battle of Actium ( 31 BC ) , the legion was stationed in Gaul . In the end of the 1st century BC , the Seventeenth was sent to the Germania provinces in the Rhine and was stationed in Castra Vetera ( Xanten ) . In AD 5 , the provinces were pacified and Publius Quinctilius Varus was assigned governor and commander of the Germania army . On September 9 , Arminius , leader of the Cheruscan allies , reported a rebellion in the Rhine area . Without suspecting the information received , Varus took his three legions , the XVII along with XVIII and XIX , and headed west . On 9 September , near modern Osnabrück , the Cheruscii led by Arminius ambushed the governor 's army . All three legions were destroyed in what is known as the battle of the Teutoburg Forest and their eagle standards lost . After its destruction , the Romans never used this legion number again .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3c0922197d19898911c5450ee6ff7460", "text": "Legion of Super-Heroes (2004 team) The 2004 version of the Legion of Super-Heroes is a fictional superhero team in the 31st century of the . The team is the third incarnation of the Legion of Super-Heroes after the 1958 and 1994 versions . It first appears in Teen Titans/Legion Special ( November 2004 ) and was created by Mark Waid and Barry Kitson .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0b78ea1655206ee78a35ec10203053c3", "text": "Black Jack Tarr `` Black '' Jack Tarr is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . Jack Tarr is Sir Denis Nayland Smith 's aide-de-camp , and is a powerful giant of a man with a gruff manner .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "068381d58acc888bd29899c4b5860f90", "text": "American Legion (Loyalist) The American Legion was a British provincial militia unit raised for Loyalist service late in the American Revolutionary War by Benedict Arnold , the former Continental Army general who had crossed over from the Patriots to the British . The unit was composed primarily of deserters from the Continental Army . `` Legion '' was an 18th-century term for a military unit the size of a regiment , but consisting of infantry and dragoons ( cavalry ) , or infantry , dragoons , and artillery , all under one command to make it more flexible for scouting or irregular operations than a regiment , which consisted of infantry or cavalry alone .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dd5c5a5040355e4a97d8f5a30ab1750d", "text": "Brainiac 5 Brainiac 5 ( Querl Dox ) is a fictional character who exists in the 30th and 31st centuries of the DC Universe . He is a long-standing member of the Legion of Super-Heroes . Brainiac 5 is from the planet Colu .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "25361dc58698cdc5d4e641ad2faf982d", "text": "Mercy (Vertigo) Mercy ( 1993 ) is an American graphic novel , written by J. M. DeMatteis and illustrated by Paul Johnson , published by DC Comics ' Vertigo imprint . It tells the tale of bitter , cynical Joshua Rose . While in a coma after a stroke , he finds himself drifting through states of Limbo . There he witnesses the personification of Mercy battling many of the personal demons and afflictions of mankind , including himself . Despite his initial hostility toward her , he finally comes to accept and appreciate her qualities .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b96b9c166732629253047f65e7007545", "text": "Saturn Girl Saturn Girl ( Imra Ardeen ) is a fictional character appearing in DC comic books . A talented telepath from the 30th century , Saturn Girl is a founding member of the Legion of Super-Heroes . Imra 's `` Saturn Girl '' title refers to her homeworld of Titan , the largest moon of the planet Saturn . She was ranked 50th in Comics Buyer 's Guide 's 100 Sexiest Women in Comics list . There have been three versions of Imra since her original debut , separated by the events of both the Zero Hour and Infinite Crisis limited series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eff3b63b08e083ec0967c6e076aad67e", "text": "The Doomsday Scenario The Doomsday Scenario is the collective name of a series of Judge Dredd comic stories published in 2000 AD ( progs 1141-1164 ) and the Judge Dredd Megazine ( vol . 3 # 52-59 ) in 1999 . Written by John Wagner , it was the third such crossover story between those two publications , but was the first in which it was possible to read a complete and coherent tale by reading only those episodes which appeared in one comic or the other without having to buy both magazines . It was reprinted as two trade paperbacks , each collecting the episodes from one comic . When first published it was the longest Judge Dredd story arc ever told , at a total of 32 episodes and 279 pages , as well as several prequels and epilogues . The story tells of the Second Robot War in the year 2121 , but its epilogues wrapped up two story arcs that had been developing for several years : former judge Galen DeMarco 's unrequited love for Judge Dredd , and Dredd 's bitter rivalry with Judge Edgar . The story is also notable for leading to the promotion of Judge Hershey , Dredd 's sidekick and one of the strip 's longest-running supporting characters , to the office of chief judge . This was the last Judge Dredd story to exceed 20 episodes until `` Origins '' in 2006 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c2fdf2a273e0e46576ef2f8ad9d9d9f1", "text": "Shayde Shayde is a fictional character who appeared in the Doctor Who Magazine comic strip based on the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who . Shayde is an artificial being , a construct of the Gallifreyan Matrix -- the massive computer network that serves as the repository of all Time Lord knowledge . He was created by the minds of the dead Time Lords that reside within the Matrix , and was a servant of Rassilon . He first appeared in the story The Tides of Time , published in DWM # 61 - # 67 , written by Steve Parkhouse and drawn by Dave Gibbons . In that story , he aided the Fifth Doctor in defeating the otherdimensional demon Melanicus , at first covertly but then , as the Time Lords increased his power levels , he was able to manifest himself and help the Doctor directly . Among Shayde 's powers are the abilities to travel through space and time unaided , fire deadly self-generated `` psychic bullets '' and be invisible to security systems . He can also phase through solid objects and track people through time and space given enough data . Shayde next appeared when the TARDIS was possessed by an Elemental being . Having no instructions from the Time Lords , Shayde was allowed to act on his own and helped the Doctor expel the entity from the TARDIS . When the Doctor was placed on trial by the Time Lords for allowing the possession to take place and possibly placing Gallifrey in danger , Shayde surreptitiously erased the evidence , leading to the Doctor 's acquittal ( The Stockbridge Horror , DWM # 70 - # 75 ) . It was nearly fifteen years before Shayde reappeared in the comic strip . At that time , the Doctor was in his Eighth incarnation and was dying due to the events of the previous adventure ( Tooth and Claw , DWM # 257 - # 260 ) . His companions at the time , Izzy and Fey had taken him back to Gallifrey where he was cured and his mind placed within the Matrix to recover . While within the Matrix , an attempt was made on the Doctor 's life by a secret Time Lord sect known as the Elysians , and Shayde stopped them . The assassination attempt was part of a plot by Overseer Luther , an insane Time Lord who wanted to rewrite Gallifrey 's history and set himself up as a god . The Doctor managed to thwart Luther by short-circuiting his watchtower ( a gigantic TARDIS ) , but apparently at the cost of his eighth body . As Izzy and Fey watched , the Doctor regenerated into a new incarnation . ( The Final Chapter , DWM # 262 - # 265 ) . However , this was a ruse . The Doctor had realised that Fey was under external control when she had managed to pilot the TARDIS even though the TARDIS manual was in Gallifreyan script , which she did not understand . Just before the Doctor prepared to sacrifice himself , Shayde offered to take his place and fake a regeneration . This way , the group that was controlling Fey -- the Threshold , a mercenary organisation that the Doctor had tangled with before -- would seize the opportunity to bring a newly regenerated and thus weaker Doctor to them . Both disguised with personal chameleon circuits , Shayde would hold their attention while the Doctor sabotaged the Threshold 's operations . In a Wild West town on an alien moon run by the Threshold , the Doctor 's plans came to fruition . When Shayde and the Doctor revealed themselves to the Threshold , Shayde had to contend with the Pariah , an immensely powerful being who was his predecessor . The Pariah was another construct of Rassilon , but he had tried to destroy her when she developed free will and rebelled . Now , the Pariah wanted to take revenge , not just on Gallifrey but the whole universe . Shayde was unable to defeat the Pariah on his own , and she crushed his skull . However , Fey merged with the dying Shayde and together they were able to kill the Pariah and eliminate the Threshold . The shared being , dubbed `` Feyde '' by the Doctor , although both of them retained their own consciousness , decided to leave and deal with what had just happened to them ( Wormwood , DWM # 266 - # 271 ) . Fey returned to her own time period , the 1940s , where , as an agent of the British government , she spent two years fighting the Nazis and being frustrated that Shayde would not allow her to use their powers to kill Adolf Hitler , as this would change history . In 1941 , she received a sub-ether summons from the Doctor -- Izzy had been kidnapped , and the Doctor needed Shayde 's abilities to track her whereabouts . Together , they succeeded in recovering Izzy , and `` Feyde '' returned to World War II . Shayde is one of the few characters from the comic strip that has made the cross-over into the other spin-off media . In a special Big Finish Productions audio play given away with DWM # 326 titled No Place Like Home , Shayde helped the Fifth Doctor against another force -- a mutated Gallifreyan mouse called a rovie -- that had infiltrated the TARDIS and was trying to kill the Doctor and his companions . The character of Shayde was voiced by Mark Donovan . Category : Comics characters introduced in 1982 Category : Doctor Who comic strip characters Category : Doctor Who audio characters", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c0613cebcd7fd8f22e33f938530f6082", "text": "Liberators (comics) The Liberators are a group of fictional supervillains appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . These characters appear in comics set in the Ultimate Marvel universe . Created by Mark Millar and Bryan Hitch , they appear in the miniseries The Ultimates 2 . They are effectively the Ultimate universe 's equivalents of the Masters of Evil . The Liberators are a superhuman task force who appear at the climax of the plot arc . They spearhead an invasion of the United States and are from a coalition of nations opposed to the United States ' foreign policy . This international collective is made up of China , Syria , North Korea , Iran , and rogue elements of the French and Russian governments . The Liberators and their overseers are an opposing counterpart to the Ultimates and S.H.I.E.L.D. , respectively . `` We told you to stop making super people , America . We told you not to interfere with cultures you can never understand . This is what happens when your ambitions outstrip your capabilities . The empire takes a fall . Congratulations , ladies and gentlemen ... The Great Satan has just been liberated . '' - The Colonel", "title": "" }, { "docid": "355ebbe67ae8117acc636e23252b82e3", "text": "Legend (Gemmell novel) Legend , published in 1984 , is the first and most famous novel of British fantasy writer David Gemmell . It established him as a major fantasy novelist and created the character of Druss , who would appear in several subsequent books . It was also the first novel in The Drenai saga . Gemmell got the idea for the book in 1976 . He was being tested for cancer , and to take his mind off it he tried writing a book , which he called `` Against the Hordes '' . The fortress and its attackers , the Nadir , were metaphors for him and the cancer . In the end , he was found not to have cancer after all and he forgot about the book , which he claims was n't very good anyway . However , in 1980 , a friend of Gemmell 's read the manuscript and told him that the story had potential . Encouraged , Gemmell set to work rewriting the book that would become known as `` Legend '' . It was accepted by Century Hutchinson late in 1982 . In 1984 Century Communications produced a game for the ZX Spectrum computer based on the novel also called Legend . The novel was included as part of the pack and acted as a form of copy protection for the game .", "title": "" } ]	fever
2d0eb3287e9894ee1c0bca2cf6b508e1	Jonathan Hensleigh wrote a film.	[ { "docid": "febc52f2f1329ccee0fc962e3fb24ccc", "text": "Jonathan Hensleigh Jonathan Blair Hensleigh ( born February 1959 ) is an American screenwriter and film director , working primarily in the action-adventure genre , best known for writing film such as Jumanji , Die Hard with a Vengeance , and Armageddon , as well as making his own directorial debut with the 2004 comic book action film The Punisher .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "c45bcc5ddd5a97063d6379708b430719", "text": "Slash (film) Slash is an American comedy film directed and written by Clay Liford . The film stars Michael Johnston , Hannah Marks , Michael Ian Black , Missi Pyle , Sarah Ramos , Peter Vack , Jessie Ennis , and Matt Peters .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f01b199ae040e953d0947e197044bd5e", "text": "Kerry Film Festival The Kerry Film Festival is an annual music film festival in County Kerry , Republic of Ireland , taking place in October . The Kerry Film Festival is funded by Kerry County Council , Fáilte Ireland , the Ireland Funds as well as having corporate sponsorship . Kerry Film Festival was established in 2000 but remained a small regional festival throughout its first years , with a mere 1,700 attendees at the 2006 festival . Then , in 2007 , the festival exploded becoming the fastest growing festival in all of Ireland , with audiences increasing by nearly 600 % from 2006 to 2011 when its audience topped 10,000 for the first time . The main feature of the festival is a short film competition which focuses on young filmmakers . Past adjudicators of the Kerry Film Festival Short Film Competition have included Jeremy Irons , Liam Neeson , Michael Fassbender and Gabriel Byrne . The festival also screens feature films . In 2008 Kerry Film Festival instigated the Maureen O'Hara Award for women that have excelled in film and Brenda Fricker was the inaugural recipient . The award was presented to her by Jim Sheridan , who directed her in the Oscar-winning My Left Foot ( 1989 ) . In 2009 the award was presented to Rebecca Miller who was in Kerry to pick up the award with her husband , Daniel Day-Lewis at a ceremony with Dave Fanning as MC . In 2010 Maureen O'Hara attended the festival and presented the award in person to Juliette Binoche Fionnula Flanagan picked up the award in 2011 while Saoirse Ronan won the award in 2012 . KFF has previously featured successful short films such as the Oscar short-listed animation Head over Heels in 2012 , the 2014 Oscar winner Mr. Hublot and in 2015 the highly acclaimed Academy Award winner S t u t t e r e r by Ben Cleary .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d68e8992d8ceea5712d1551dc4149113", "text": "Behind the Scenes of Total Hell: The Jamie Gunn Chronicles Behind the Scenes of Total Hell is a 2013 British independent feature film directed by Andy Wilton and produced by Once Upon A Tyne Productions . It is to be released globally on 22 April 2013 via FREE internet streaming , DVD and download . The film is a mockumentary following a fictional director , Jamie Gunn , and his attempts to make a low budget horror movie , Total Hell . The film follows Jamie from his attempts to gain funding right through to the premiere of his film . The 97 minute film had a budget of ₤ 1,000 . As well as many emerging actors , the film features a narration from Norman Lovett ( best known for playing Holly in Red Dwarf ) and Ian McCulloch ( best known for playing Peter West in Zombie Flesh Eaters ) . The soundtrack to the film features a large number of UK bands including World is Static , film composer Kasia Middleton , Super Baby Project , Franny Griffiths , The Drellas , Subway Showdown , Dust , Yorkie , Photobooth , Jari Ylamaki , Victoria Geelan , Depot , Igal Gabbay , Greg Tuby , Chris Everard , Wherewithal , The Buzzsonic , Three Shy of Nine , Simon Doherty , Rachel Wallen-James , Mark Lough , Grant Alderson , Jamie Gunn .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8241fbd3cc212cfb7af3c4445b70cada", "text": "Original Film Original Film is an American film production company founded by Neal H. Moritz .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c2e3e67872d8488dbe152790af97e1fe", "text": "Antidote Films For the Australian film distribution company , see Antidote Films ( Australia ) . Antidote Films , also known as Antidote International Films , Inc. , is an independent film production company founded by producer Jeff Levy-Hinte based in the Hudson Square neighborhood of New York City . In 2008 , Antidote completed several documentaries , including Soul Power and The Dungeon Masters , both of which premiered at the 2008 Toronto International Film Festival . Antidote produced Roman Polanski : Wanted and Desired , a documentary directed by Marina Zenovich , which was nominated for the Grand Jury Prize and winner of the Documentary Editing Award at the 2008 Sundance Film Festival , the film will be released domestically by HBO and internationally through The Weinstein Company . Prior to this , Antidote produced several narrative films until The Last Winter , when the company shifted its focus to documentary . Other Antidiote productions include the eco-horror thriller The Last Winter ; The Hawk Is Dying , adapted from Harry Crews ' novel and directed by Julian Goldberger ; Mysterious Skin , directed by Greg Araki ; and Thirteen , directed by Catherine Hardwicke . In 2003 Daily Variety announced Antidote 's plans for a film adaptation of the JT LeRoy novel ` Sarah ' , to be directed by Steven Shainberg . According to The New York Times , when Shainberg learned that JT LeRoy was a literary persona and that Laura Albert was the actual author of Sarah , he decided `` to make a ` meta-film , ' a triple-layered movie that would blend the novel with the lives of its real and purported authors in a project he took to calling ` Sarah Plus . ' '' The Times also reported that this new project `` required the rights to Laura Albert 's story , rights that she in no uncertain terms refused to grant . '' In June 2007 Antidote sued Albert for fraud , claiming that a contract signed with JT LeRoy to make a feature film of Sarah was null and void . After a Manhattan jury found Albert liable in monetary damages for the tort of fraud because she had signed her nom de plume to the movie contract , The New York Times noted that Jeffrey Levy-Hinte said , `` if Ms. Albert , who never made a fortune from her literary works , could not afford to pay the judgment , he might have to consider laying claim to the rights to her past and future books . '' Levy-Hinte 's chief lawyer insisted , `` Neither Jeff nor I want to ruin Laura Albert . We just want her to behave with a little more integrity . '' After an appeal , the damages awarded were reduced by settlement with Antidote in 2009 , and Laura Albert retained the rights to her books and her life story .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c994046bc26b1e2a9b5f173c99a5fd0e", "text": "Unspeakable (2000 film) Unspeakable is a 2000 exploitation film written and directed by Chad Ferrin .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "82a97120c6003037d707ee1ceb165ac1", "text": "Chicken Ranch (film) Chicken Ranch is a 1983 documentary film by Nick Broomfield about the famous legalised brothel , the Chicken Ranch , in Pahrump , Nevada . Photographed by Sandi Sissel . The documentary , which remains purely observational for the most part , depicts the prostitutes as likeable characters often looking for a way out of the remote location where the brothel is situated . The film shows the girls lining up for potential clients , joking about their job , and interacting with one another within the brothel . The film ends with one girl , Mandy , being fired from the ranch .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "33ff358c6c45830f223786c3b0d5fa37", "text": "Dreamscape (1984 film) Dreamscape is a 1984 American science-fiction adventure horror film directed by Joseph Ruben and written by David Loughery , with Chuck Russell and Ruben co-writing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e019e3fffd1c1723986bd97384a52726", "text": "Archipelago (film) Archipelago is a 2010 British film written and directed by Joanna Hogg about a family holiday on the island of Tresco , which forms part of the archipelago of the Isles of Scilly .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4f85636a83bd2bab9bdf357e4c95a8b1", "text": "The Perfect Student The Perfect Student is a 2011 American thriller movie directed by Michael Feifer and starring Natasha Henstridge , Josie Davis , Brea Grant , and Jay Pickett . It was premiered on TV in France on March 14 , 2011 , and released on DVD on January 17 , 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9cb6dd073e48ef978677c05a96618cfd", "text": "Burning Man (film) Burning Man is a 2011 Australian drama film written and directed by Jonathan Teplitzky .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "846ce9fa51d80df84e11e98ace156c3a", "text": "The Trip to Italy The Trip to Italy is a 2014 British comedy film , written and directed by Michael Winterbottom . It is the sequel of Winterbottom 's TV series The Trip , whose second series also titled The Trip to Italy broadcast on BBC Two , following the film 's premiere at the Sundance Film Festival . The film had its world premiere at 2014 Sundance Film Festival on 20 January 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "af52f88e905c8a4dc5c1257816920f8e", "text": "Whisper (film) Whisper is a 2007 horror film directed by Stewart Hendler and written by Christopher Borrelli . The film revolves around the kidnapping of a young boy , David , who is more than he appears and brings unexpected troubles for his kidnappers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f7d2e7ed37c120f5113b6d5a07e51bd6", "text": "Backyard Ashes Backyard Ashes is a 2013 Australian comedy film about backyard cricket games .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1794607c304f64b935b4f954b4c7a3f5", "text": "Hyena (2014 film) Hyena is a 2014 British film described as a `` police corruption thriller '' . written and directed by Gerard Johnson .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b2495e07a8122b256bb8068c5bbda94b", "text": "Evil Aliens Evil Aliens is a British slapstick horror-comedy film directed by Jake West , in the tradition of films such as Braindead , House , and Evil Dead . It was the first full-length British horror film to be filmed using Sony HD ( High Definition ) cameras , and contains almost 140 digital effects shots and a huge amount of gory conventional special effects .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "52c40ab915d4e7b13d0209a49f565794", "text": "Jonathan (2016 film) Jonathan is a 2016 German drama film directed by Piotr J. Lewandowski . It was screened in the Panorama section at the 66th Berlin International Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3c95d6b6f0e5fc404bce953042aa238", "text": "Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film . The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7fd41f138125d7883fe2e9f8d2a361e1", "text": "20,000 Days on Earth 20,000 Days on Earth is a 2014 British documentary musical drama film co-written and directed by Iain Forsyth and Jane Pollard . Nick Cave also co-wrote the script with Forsyth and Pollard . The film premiered in-competition in the World Cinema Documentary Competition at 2014 Sundance Film Festival on 20 January 2014 . It won two Awards at the festival . After its premiere at Sundance Film Festival , Drafthouse Films acquired distribution rights of the film . The film released on 17 September 2014 in United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c29cc04a2729bf60b2f03a251f338011", "text": "Johnny English Johnny English is a 2003 British spy comedy film parodying the James Bond secret agent genre infused with comedy similar to Atkinson 's Mr. Bean character . The film stars Rowan Atkinson , Natalie Imbruglia , Ben Miller and John Malkovich . The screenplay was written by Bond writers Neal Purvis and Robert Wade , with William Davies , and the film was directed by Peter Howitt . The film grossed a total of $ 160 million worldwide . The film was followed by a sequel , 2011 's Johnny English Reborn . The film was released in the United Kingdom on April 11 , 2003 , and topped the country 's box office for the next three weekends , before being overtaken by X2 . A second sequel is in pre-production and will release in October 2018 .", "title": "" } ]	fever
9448106476526f4dc9a449926fe4e7d9	Emmanuel Adebayor is Togo's top goalscorer of all time.	[ { "docid": "598b8dca7df8ea5898cdc5e210e39c76", "text": "Emmanuel Adebayor Sheyi Emmanuel Adebayor ( -LSB- ɛmanɥɛl adəbɛjɔʁ -RSB- ; born 26 February 1984 ) is a Togolese professional footballer who plays as a striker for Turkish club İstanbul Başakşehir . He previously played for English clubs Arsenal , Manchester City , Tottenham Hotspur and Crystal Palace , as well as French sides Metz and Monaco and Spanish team Real Madrid . He was voted African Footballer of the Year for 2008 . Adebayor represented the Togo national team at the 2006 FIFA World Cup in Germany , the country 's debut , and to date only , appearance at the World Cup . In January 2010 , Adebayor was one of the players involved when the Togo team 's bus came under gunfire on the way to the 2010 Africa Cup of Nations in Angola , after which he retired from national team duty . In 2013 , he returned to the Togo team for the 2013 African Cup of Nations in South Africa , where he helped them to qualify for the quarter-finals . He is currently Togo 's all-time top goalscorer with 31 goals .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "a24b8de84349cd833aa87a6f09acac31", "text": "Kwadwo Asamoah Kwadwo `` Kojo '' Asamoah -LSB- ˌkwʌˈdʒoʊ -RSB- -LSB- æsæˈmoʊˌɑː -RSB- , ; born 9 December 1988 in Accra ) is a Ghanaian professional footballer , who plays as a left midfielder , left wing-back or as an offensive central midfielder for Italian club Juventus and the Ghana national football team . He began his professional career with Italian club Udinese in 2008 ; his consistent performances earned him a transfer to Juventus in 2012 , where , with his energy , versatility , and technical skills , he played a key role in helping the club to five consecutive Serie A titles . At international level , he has represented Ghana in four Africa Cup of Nations tournaments , and two FIFA World Cups . Asamoah was awarded CAF Most Promising African Player in 2010 and named Ghana Player of the Year twice consecutively for 2012 and 2013 . In 2013 , Asamoah was ranked as the 27th best footballer in the world by Bloomberg .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f4ea5ff713cfe99c04e1c3a4cce5ea9e", "text": "Claude Le Roy Claude Marie François Le Roy ( born 6 February 1948 ) is a French football manager and former player , who gained prominence at international level as coach to the Senegal and Ghana national teams . He is currently the manager of the Togo national football team .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c59a8502a960143e9a2c75b258f446c6", "text": "Zakari Morou Zakari Morou ( born 12 December 1991 ) is a Togolese international footballer who plays as a midfielder .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "421eb759e410a7179d27832cd06b1110", "text": "Maranatha FC Maranatha F.C. is a Togolese football club based in Fiokpo . They play in the top division in Togolese football . Their home stadium is Stade Général Ameyi .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8857afa352cd137c344f5f3bc24399d9", "text": "2000 African Cup of Nations The 2000 African Cup of Nations was the 22nd edition of the Africa Cup of Nations , the association football championship of Africa ( CAF ) . It was co-hosted by Ghana and Nigeria , who jointly replaced Zimbabwe as host . Just like in 1998 , the field of sixteen teams was split into four groups of four . Cameroon won the championship , beating Nigeria in the final 4 − 3 on penalty kicks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e2862b1113c1de24c24e055c96b4d333", "text": "Victor Adeboyejo Ayomide Victor Adeboyejo ( born 12 January 1998 ) , known as Victor Adeboyejo , is a professional footballer who plays as a striker for Leyton Orient .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d68c4daa2f1f5e51c4a5e3c18ab852e9", "text": "Association football culture Association football culture refers to the cultural aspects surrounding the game of association football . In many countries , football has ingrained itself into the national culture , and parts of life may revolve around it . Many countries have daily football newspapers , as well as football magazines . Football players , especially in the top levels of the game , have become role models for people . The FIFA World Cup held every four years is the quintessential football event , combining the greatest players in the world and the passion of the fans . Football has a long and glorious history , with which a vast and diverse culture has emerged . The culture of football can be easily divided into how the players , fans and clubs see the sport .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b914041179967e2bc7c1f84c8ce33cb4", "text": "Sunday Emmanuel (footballer) Sunday Chukuamaka Emmanuel ( born 25 February 1992 ) is a Nigerian professional footballer who plays for Vietnam club Becamex Bình Dương as a striker .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "90a86e787a5094297dd9fc7461dcc68d", "text": "Slovakia at the FIFA World Cup This is a record of Slovakia 's results at the FIFA World Cup . The FIFA World Cup , sometimes called the Football World Cup or the Soccer World Cup , but usually referred to simply as the World Cup , is an international association football competition contested by the men 's national teams of the members of Fédération Internationale de Football Association ( FIFA ) , the sport 's global governing body . The championship has been awarded every four years since the first tournament in 1930 , except in 1942 and 1946 , due to World War II . The tournament consists of two parts , the qualification phase and the final phase ( officially called the World Cup Finals ) . The qualification phase , which currently take place over the three years preceding the Finals , is used to determine which teams qualify for the Finals . The current format of the Finals involves 32 teams competing for the title , at venues within the host nation ( or nations ) over a period of about a month . The World Cup Finals is the most widely viewed sporting event in the world , with an estimated 715.1 million people watching the 2006 tournament final . Slovakia have appeared in the finals of the FIFA World Cup on one occasion in 2010 where they reached the second round .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a578a9eeece522d0fbd81e82c51e51db", "text": "Masséda Masséda is a town in South East Togo . The area was formerly known as Masseville . It is notable as it is the home of the US Masséda football club .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2e979806df9a9af0cb1108f488955f9d", "text": "Football in Ivory Coast Football is a popular sport in Côte d'Ivoire . The national team won the Africa Cup of Nations in Senegal in 1992 . In 2006 they participated in the 2006 World Cup in Germany . The youth national teams have also done well in world championships , and the clubs from Côte d'Ivoire have won several continental titles . Among famous players from the country are Kolo Touré of Liverpool , Chelsea striker and former national team captain , Didier Drogba , Wilfried Bony and Yaya Touré of Manchester City , Gervinho and Seydou Doumbia of Roma , and Salomon Kalou of Hertha Berlin . The Ivory Coast national team won a second African cup of nations in 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "906f536bbc32924786ab6a2928188258", "text": "2006 Division 1 (Senegal) The 2006 Division 1 season was the 41st of the competition of the first-tier football in Senegal . The tournament was organized by the Fédération Sénégalaise de Football ( Senegalese Football Federation ) . The season began on 5 January and finished on 15 July . AS Douanes won their third title . AS Douanes along with Port Autonome would compete in the 2007 CAF Champions League the following season . US Ouakam who won the 2006 Senegalese Cup participated in the 2007 CAF Confederation Cup , along with US Gorée . Compagnie sucrière sénégalaise , last place of Group A relegated to the second division with 14 points as they had a penalty that cost them three points by an undetermined reason , US Rail , last place of Group B was relegated with only 9 points . The season would feature 18 clubs . 274 matches ( 256 in the first phase and 18 in the second phase ) were played and 244 goals were scored , slightly less than half less than last season , the average goal of the first phase was one goal per match or less . Yet again since the 1990s , the season would feature the first and second phases , the first phase featured the group system with a total of 128 matches for each group , the second or final phase would consist of four clubs ( instead of a playoff as did in the 1990s ) with a total of 18 matches , each club played a total of six matches and the highest number of points would decide the season 's champion . ASC Port Autonome was the defending team of the title .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "faaa9a71bf66df64f841d0a21bc579d9", "text": "Abdulafees Abdulsalam Abdulafees Abdulsalam ( born 13 April 1984 in Lagos ) is a Nigerian football player . He is an attacking player who can play striker based on his physical capability and football sense . Abdulafees has played for clubs in Nigeria , Benin , China , Malaysia and Middle East . In the second transfer window of the 2014 Malaysia Super League on April 2014 , he joined Perak FA after a successful trial . He was a part of the Nigeria U17 in 2001 African U-17 Championship , who finished as the first rank in Group A , making it through to the next round , before winning gold medal in Seychelles", "title": "" }, { "docid": "32c7e3f154993d5caded0c06b586462e", "text": "Togolese Americans Togolese Americans are Americans of Togolese descent . According to answers provided to an open-ended question included in the 2000 census , 1,716 people said that their ancestry or ethnic origin was Togolese . An unofficial estimate in 2008 of the Togolese American population was more than 2,500 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f26aa6a9fb781df08a0be8933c4e7a24", "text": "Chérif Touré Mamam Cherif-Touré Mamam ( born 13 January 1981 in Mango ) is a retired Togolese footballer who played as a midfielder for the Togo national team .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1c1c4875272d249cf29398574019932b", "text": "Senegal at the FIFA World Cup This is a record of Senegal 's results at the FIFA World Cup . The FIFA World Cup , sometimes called the Football World Cup or the Soccer World Cup , but usually referred to simply as the World Cup , is an international association football competition contested by the men 's national teams of the members of Fédération Internationale de Football Association ( FIFA ) , the sport 's global governing body . The championship has been awarded every four years since the first tournament in 1930 , except in 1942 and 1946 , due to World War II . The tournament consists of two parts , the qualification phase and the final phase ( officially called the World Cup Finals ) . The qualification phase , which currently take place over the three years preceding the Finals , is used to determine which teams qualify for the Finals . The current format of the Finals involves 32 teams competing for the title , at venues within the host nation ( or nations ) over a period of about a month . The World Cup Finals is the most widely viewed sporting event in the world , with an estimated 715.1 million people watching the 2006 tournament final . Senegal have appeared in the finals of the FIFA World Cup on one occasion in 2002 where they reached the quarter finals .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7fd962e776d172b6f0e0998b20c85432", "text": "Peniel Mlapa Peniel Kokou Mlapa ( born 20 February 1991 ) is a Togolese-German footballer who plays as a striker for Bochum .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "19c98e7c3107c5cb89405499444954da", "text": "Ahmed Touré Ahmed Touré ( born July 17 , 1987 in Burkina Faso ) is a Burkinabé professional footballer , who currently plays for Egyptian Premier League outfit El Gouna as a striker . He also holds Ivorian nationality .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6a1789e6a7724c8a194f379410947d9f", "text": "Emmanuel Asante Emmanuel Asante ( born 2 May 1995 ) is a Ghanaian professional footballer who currently plays for Asante Kotoko S.C. in the Ghana Premier League .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "561d3844ccb3a6ad34155b16b954721a", "text": "2016–17 Yeovil Town F.C. season The 2016 -- 17 season was the 14th season in the Football League and the 2nd consecutive season at the fourth tier of English football played by Yeovil Town Football Club , an English football club based in Yeovil , Somerset . It was manager Darren Way 's first full season in charge as he saw him signed fourteen players on permanent and loan contracts before the close of the summer transfer window . After winning their opening game , Yeovil lost six of their next seven matches leaving them in the relegation zone in September before an improved run of form , including eight matches unbeaten saw the club rise into the play-offs after a 5 -- 0 victory against Crawley Town in December . This though was the highpoint of the season as Yeovil only won three of their final 27 matches as the club slid dangerously towards the relegation zone , but safety was confirmed with one match to spare as Yeovil finished the season in 20th place The club were knocked out in the first round of the FA Cup , losing to non-league side Solihull Moors in a replay , while the Glovers progressed to the second round of the EFL Cup losing to Premier League side Everton . The club also reached the quarter-finals of the revamped EFL Trophy , losing to Luton Town . Ivorian striker François Zoko finished as the club 's top goalscorer with thirteen goals , with eight of them coming in the league .", "title": "" } ]	fever
0f10176624cf19e1b2d11ea13cc5bb1a	Davis Guggenheim is an American film director.	[ { "docid": "790aebd6db2ab8d22dd7214a795ddd25", "text": "Davis Guggenheim Philip Davis Guggenheim ( born November 3 , 1963 ) is an American film and television director and producer . His credits include NYPD Blue , ER , 24 , Alias , The Shield , Deadwood , and the documentaries An Inconvenient Truth , The Road We 've Traveled , Waiting for ` Superman ' and He Named Me Malala . Since 2006 , Guggenheim is the only filmmaker to release three different documentaries that were ranked within the top 100 highest-grossing documentaries of all time ( An Inconvenient Truth , It Might Get Loud , and Waiting for ′ Superman ′ ) .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "144933a8a0e5fb2663601d738a406207", "text": "Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum The Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum , often referred to as The Guggenheim , is an art museum located at 1071 Fifth Avenue on the corner of East 89th Street in the Upper East Side neighborhood of Manhattan , New York City . It is the permanent home of a continuously expanding collection of Impressionist , Post-Impressionist , early Modern and contemporary art and also features special exhibitions throughout the year . The museum was established by the Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation in 1939 as the Museum of Non-Objective Painting , under the guidance of its first director , the artist Hilla von Rebay . It adopted its current name after the death of its founder , Solomon R. Guggenheim , in 1952 . In 1959 , the museum moved from rented space to its current building , a landmark work of 20th-century architecture . Designed by Frank Lloyd Wright , the cylindrical building , wider at the top than the bottom , was conceived as a `` temple of the spirit '' . Its unique ramp gallery extends up from ground level in a long , continuous spiral along the outer edges of the building to end just under the ceiling skylight . The building underwent extensive expansion and renovations in 1992 ( when an adjoining tower was built ) and from 2005 to 2008 . The museum 's collection has grown organically , over eight decades , and is founded upon several important private collections , beginning with Solomon R. Guggenheim 's original collection . The collection is shared with the museum 's sister museums in Bilbao , Spain , and elsewhere . In 2013 , nearly 1.2 million people visited the museum , and it hosted the most popular exhibition in New York City .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0724966f7094a1cf0e290e003e044c84", "text": "George Fivas George Peter Fivas II ( born May 25 , 1973 ) is an American film producer , music producer , director , and actor living in Los Angeles . He is one of the founding organizers of the jazz and popular music group , Apollo . His directorial debut came in the form of Summer Solstice ( 2003 ) , an independently produced coming-of-age drama , which includes a well-reviewed performance from Academy Award nominee and Golden Globe winner Karen Black ( Five Easy Pieces and The Great Gatsby ) , and was released on Netflix in 2006 . He directed a music video for the song A New World ( 2008 ) by The JMD Project , a hit dance track in Europe , whose video has been broadcast on MTV Germany and other European outlets as an introduction to the Metropolis Revived concert series . Fivas is also a published scientist , having co-authored several papers on seismological phenomena in the Intermountain Region of The United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3c95d6b6f0e5fc404bce953042aa238", "text": "Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film . The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fbd32bac91ffb0d2f9bdc9b2e9d24da6", "text": "Melville Shavelson Melville Shavelson ( April 1 , 1917 -- August 8 , 2007 ) was an American film director , producer , screenwriter , and author . He was President of the Writers Guild of America , West ( WGAw ) from 1969 to 1971 , 1979 to 1981 , and 1985 to 1987 . He came to Hollywood in 1938 as one of comedian Bob Hope 's joke writers , a job he held for the next five years . He is responsible for the screenplays of such Hope films as The Princess and the Pirate ( 1944 ) , Where There 's Life ( 1947 ) , The Great Lover ( 1949 ) , and Sorrowful Jones ( 1949 ) , which also starred Lucille Ball . Shavelson also worked as a writer on Hope 's radio show , The Pepsodent Show Starring Bob Hope . Shavelson was nominated twice for Academy Awards for Best Original Screenplay -- first for 1955 's The Seven Little Foys , starring Hope in a rare dramatic role , and then for 1958 's Houseboat . He shared both nominations with Jack Rose . He also directed both films . Other films he wrote and directed include Beau James ( 1957 ) , The Five Pennies ( 1959 ) for which he won a Screen Writers Guild Award , It Started in Naples ( 1960 ) , On the Double ( 1961 ) , The Pigeon That Took Rome ( 1962 ) , A New Kind of Love ( 1963 ) , Cast a Giant Shadow ( 1966 ) , and Yours , Mine and Ours ( 1968 ) , which starred Henry Fonda and again with Lucille Ball . Shavelson created two Emmy award-winning television series and wrote for a dozen Academy Award shows . He also wrote , produced and co-directed the six-hour ABC screenplay to the 1979 television miniseries Ike , based on the World War II exploits of Gen. Dwight Eisenhower . It featured an all star cast including Robert Duvall and Lee Remick . Shavelson 's autobiography , published by BearManor Media in April 2007 , is entitled How to Succeed in Hollywood Without Really Trying , P.S. - You Ca n't ! Shavelson wrote several other books , including , with Mr. Hope , `` Do n't Shoot , It 's Only Me : Bob Hope 's Comedy History of the United States '' ( Putnam , 1990 ) , and How to Make a Jewish Movie ( 1971 ) , a memoir of his experiences while producing and directing Cast a Giant Shadow , and the Hollywood-themed novel Lualda ( 1973 ) . Shavelson was a noted instructor at USC 's Master of Professional Writing Program from 1998-2006 . He taught screenwriting , who often cracked to his students , `` I 'm a writer by choice , a producer by necessity and a director in self-defense . '' He was an amateur radio operator and held the callsign W6VLH . Shavelson 's first wife , Lucille , died in 2000 . He was married to his second wife , Ruth Florea , from 2001 until his death in 2007 . He had two children , Lynne Joiner and Richard Shavelson .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b0cb9496863aa7e6faf0386eb8728cf6", "text": "Guggenheim Guggenheim may refer to :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eb9f4e64f4b37e13cf08e6d58c964414", "text": "Compton Bennett Herbert William `` Bob '' Compton Bennett ( 15 January 1900 -- 11 August 1974 ) , better known as Compton Bennett , was an English film director , writer and producer . He is perhaps best known for directing the 1945 film The Seventh Veil and the 1950 version of the film King Solomon 's Mines , an adaptation of an Allan Quatermain story . Bennett was born in Tunbridge Wells , England . At the beginning of his career , he worked as a band leader and a commercial artist before trying his hand at amateur filmmaking . One of these early films helped him land a job at Alexander Korda 's London Films in 1932 . There , he became a film editor ; later he would help make instructional and propaganda films for the British armed forces during World War II . Bennett 's films tended to be sombre , but were very popular with the moviegoing public . In 1947 , Bennett accepted an invitation to go to Hollywood , but his directing style appeared to suffer in the American studio system of the era . It was , however , during this time that he directed King Solomon 's Mines . Bennett eventually returned to the UK . From 1954 to 1957 , he left film work to pursue interests in the theatre and television , but produced four films in 1957 , After the Ball , Man-Eater , That Woman Opposite and The Flying Scot . Although he continued to write and direct for film and television , his subsequent productions were not as well received . Bennett died in Sussex , England at the age of 74 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7b9809a88b9153e23fe80bcbe85d6747", "text": "World of Wonder (production company) World of Wonder Productions is a production company founded in 1991 by filmmakers Fenton Bailey and Randy Barbato . Based in Los Angeles , California , the company produces reality and documentary television programs , feature films , and new media . Their documentary films include Mapplethorpe : Look at the Pictures ( 2016 ) , Inside Deep Throat ( 2005 ) , The Eyes of Tammy Faye ( 2000 ) , Party Monster ( 1998 ) , Monica in Black and White , Heidi Fleiss : The Would-be Madam of Crystal , and I Am Britney Jean . Among the company 's television productions are RuPaul 's Drag Race , the Million Dollar Listing series , Big Freedia ( Fuse ) , and Island Hunters . The duo have produced programming for HBO , Showtime , Logo , VH1 , IFC , Discovery , OWN , TLC , E! , HGTV , PBS , and Channel 4 . Their company blog , The WOW Report , was named Best Counter Culture Blog by LA Weekly . In 2014 , Bailey and Barbato were honored with the IDA Pioneer Award , `` celebrating exceptional achievement , leadership , and vision in the nonfiction and documentary community '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "51d27089426ba0c878f15d94ad7be7d9", "text": "Mark Brooks (director) Mark Brooks is an American producer , director , writer and musician .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "013f8217d1b2ca1d4100c50743324cab", "text": "Wim Wenders Ernst Wilhelm `` Wim '' Wenders ( -LSB- vɪm vɛndɐs -RSB- ; born 14 August 1945 ) is a German filmmaker , playwright , author , photographer , and a major figure in New German Cinema . Among many honors , he has received three nominations for the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature : for Buena Vista Social Club ( 1999 ) , about Cuban music culture , Pina ( 2011 ) , about the contemporary dance choreographer Pina Bausch , and The Salt of the Earth ( 2014 ) , about Brazilian photographer Sebastião Salgado . One of Wenders ' earliest honors was a win for the BAFTA Award for Best Direction for his narrative drama Paris , Texas ( 1984 ) , which also won the Palme d'Or at the 1984 Cannes Film Festival . Many of his subsequent films have also been recognized at Cannes , including Wings of Desire ( 1987 ) , for which Wenders won the Best Director Award at the 1987 Cannes Film Festival . Wenders has been the president of the European Film Academy in Berlin since 1996 . Alongside filmmaking , he is an active photographer , emphasizing images of desolate landscapes . He is considered to be an auteur director .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a1d800f3a58ce0e26dc0d8caddded51", "text": "Goodfellas Goodfellas ( stylized as GoodFellas ) is a 1990 American crime film directed by Martin Scorsese . It is an adaptation of the 1986 non-fiction book Wiseguy by Nicholas Pileggi , who co-wrote the screenplay with Scorsese . The film narrates the rise and fall of mob associate Henry Hill and his friends over a period from 1955 to 1980 . Scorsese initially named the film Wise Guy and postponed making it ; later , he and Pileggi changed the name to Goodfellas . To prepare for their roles in the film , Robert De Niro , Joe Pesci , and Ray Liotta often spoke with Pileggi , who shared research material left over from writing the book . According to Pesci , improvisation and ad-libbing came out of rehearsals wherein Scorsese gave the actors freedom to do whatever they wanted . The director made transcripts of these sessions , took the lines he liked best , and put them into a revised script , which the cast worked from during principal photography . Made on a budget of $ 25 million , Goodfellas grossed $ 46.8 million . It received positive reviews from critics and was nominated for six Academy Awards , including Best Picture and Best Director , with Pesci winning Best Actor in a Supporting Role . The film won five awards from the British Academy of Film and Television Arts , including Best Film and Best Director . Additionally , Goodfellas was named the year 's best film by various critics ' groups . Goodfellas is widely regarded as one of the greatest films in the crime genre . In 2000 , it was deemed `` culturally , historically , and aesthetically significant '' and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry by the United States Library of Congress . Its content and style have been emulated in numerous other films and television shows .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bb56c7c4535e6dba53f3317f99bcfa02", "text": "Alan Schwartz Alan David Schwartz is an American businessman and is the executive chairman of Guggenheim Partners , an investment banking firm based in Chicago and New York . He was previously the last president and chief executive officer of Bear Stearns when the Federal Reserve Bank of New York forced its March 2008 acquisition by JPMorgan Chase & Co. . .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a3c6bda5f232b3d5e10d42dd0aae2f8", "text": "David Nutter David Nutter ( born 1960 ) is an American television and film director and television producer . He is best known for directing pilot episodes for television . In 2015 , he received a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing for a Drama Series , for his work on the HBO series , Game of Thrones .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cc33f183e75e20bdce6a5669010945b6", "text": "Guggenheim Partners Guggenheim Partners is a global investment and advisory financial services firm that engages in investment banking , capital markets services , investment management , investment advisory , and insurance services . The firm is headquartered in New York City and Chicago with 2,300 staff located in 20 cities throughout the United States , Europe , and Asia . It has more than $ 260 billion of assets under management . The firm 's CEO is Mark Walter . It has six Managing Partners who are key executives , and with a Senior Leadership Team of 17 other executives , oversee the Firm 's businesses . It was founded by Peter Lawson-Johnston II , Solomon R. Guggenheim 's great-grandson .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e384bdc20424ccfa353ba74f69e46e08", "text": "Alex Graves Alexander John `` Alex '' Graves ( born July 23 , 1965 ) is an American film director , television director , television producer and screenwriter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f477a0e502b7a950c97e8d2e9d639954", "text": "Jimmy Hayward James `` Jimmy '' Hayward ( born September 17 , 1970 ) is a Canadian-American film director , screenwriter and animator .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bd7237ecbc101de3847070c25712ec6e", "text": "Ben Davis (cinematographer) Benjamin V. `` Ben '' Davis , BSC ( born 1961 ) is an English cinematographer best known for his work with producer-director Matthew Vaughn . His major works include Kick-Ass ( 2010 ) , Hannibal Rising ( 2007 ) and the Marvel films Guardians of the Galaxy ( 2014 ) , Avengers : Age of Ultron ( 2015 ) and Doctor Strange ( 2016 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93acd151d44d7e51ce7acd9f5d23e30d", "text": "Alan Greenberg (film director) Alan Greenberg ( born October 14 , 1950 in New York City , died January 27 , 2015 in Portland , OR ) was an American film director , screenwriter , photographer and author . Greenberg visited Jamaica from a young age , and was a friend of Bob Marley . Following Marley 's death , Marley 's family asked Greenberg to make a film about Marley . In 1981 , Greenberg filmed Land of Look Behind ( 1982 ) , a documentary film that includes footage of Marley 's funeral as well as scenes filmed in Jamaica 's remote Cockpit Country and the capital city of Kingston . The film ended up being more of a visionary portrait of the Jamaica of that period ( focusing on the Rastafari movement and reggae culture ) than a film primarily about Marley . The film has won considerable critical acclaim , as well as winning the Gold Hugo Award for Best Documentary in the Chicago International Film Festival , the U.S. 's largest film competition . Land of Look Behind has also been honored as the best American documentary film of its era , and the legendary filmmaker Werner Herzog says '' ` Land of Look Behind ' has achieved things never seen before in cinema . '' Greenberg worked closely with Werner Herzog on many projects . He served as a special unit photographer on the films Cape Fear '' by Martin Scorsese ( 1991 ) and 1900 , by Bernardo Bertolucci ( 1976 ) . He also wrote twenty screenplays and three books . His book Heart of Glass , about the making of the 1976 Werner Herzog masterwork of the same name , was called `` The best book on the making of a film ever written '' by Rolling Stone magazine . A new and entirely revised edition of the book , entitled , `` EVERY NIGHT THE TREES DISAPPEAR : Werner Herzog and the Making of ` Heart of Glass ' '' was published in hard cover by the Chicago Review Press . It featured Greenberg 's previously-unpublished photographs , which Herzog called `` strange and beautiful . '' '' In 2012 Greenberg was going to write and produce a film based on his acclaimed screenplay `` Love in Vain '' , a poetic account of the mysterious blues genius Robert Johnson . `` Love in Vain '' was also the first screenplay ever published by a major house ( Doubleday ) as literature . Greenberg 's latest screenplay , `` Tutankhamun - Lord of Two Lands '' , a radically researched vision of the Boy King 's murder intertwined with the intrigue surrounding his tomb 's discovery in 1922 , was to have been produced in 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "218fb51912f8eb164dcf332c2e03a99a", "text": "Welcome to New York (2014 film) Welcome to New York is a 2014 French-American drama film co-written and directed by Abel Ferrara . Inspired by the Dominique Strauss-Kahn affair , the film was released on 17 May 2014 by VOD on the internet as the film failed to secure a place on the official selection at the 2014 Cannes Film Festival , nor was it picked up for theatrical distribution in France and is facing self-censorship by the French media , according to Vincent Maraval , one of the producers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "27726fe7d561dd1b0bc850d17bba2d94", "text": "California Film Awards The California Film Awards is a film awards ceremony that offers awards in the categories of Best Picture , Actor , Actress , Cinematography , Directing , First-Time Directors , Editing , Screenplay , Animation , Art Design , Music Videos , Short Films , Experimental Films , Student Films , California Films , Foreign Films , Documentaries and Feature Narratives . Only independent films are eligible .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64daf635e0704799258b62ebaea7c666", "text": "Art film An art film is typically a serious , independent film aimed at a niche market rather than a mass market audience . An art film is `` intended to be a serious artistic work , often experimental and not designed for mass appeal '' ; they are `` made primarily for aesthetic reasons rather than commercial profit '' , and they contain `` unconventional or highly symbolic content '' . Film critics and film studies scholars typically define an art film as possessing `` formal qualities that mark them as different from mainstream Hollywood films '' , which can include , among other elements , a sense of social realism ; an emphasis on the authorial expressiveness of the director ; and a focus on the thoughts , dreams , or motivations of characters , as opposed to the unfolding of a clear , goal-driven story . Film scholar David Bordwell describes art cinema as `` a film genre , with its own distinct conventions '' . Art film producers usually present their films at specialty theatres ( repertory cinemas , or , in the U.S. , `` arthouse cinemas '' ) and film festivals . The term art film is much more widely used in the United States , the UK and Australia than in Europe , where the term is more associated with `` auteur '' films and `` national cinema '' ( e.g. , German national cinema ) . Because they are aimed at small niche market audiences , they can rarely get the financial backing that will permit large production budgets , expensive special effects , costly celebrity actors , or huge advertising campaigns , as are used in widely released mainstream blockbuster films . Art film directors make up for these constraints by creating a different type of film , which typically uses lesser-known film actors ( or even amateur actors ) and modest sets to make films that focus much more on developing ideas or exploring new narrative techniques or film-making conventions . A certain degree of experience and knowledge are required to fully understand or appreciate such films . One mid-1990s art film was called `` largely a cerebral experience '' that one enjoys `` because of what you know about film '' . This contrasts sharply with mainstream `` blockbuster '' films , which are geared more towards escapism and pure entertainment . For promotion , art films rely on the publicity generated from film critics ' reviews , discussion of their film by arts columnists , commentators and bloggers , and `` word-of-mouth '' promotion by audience members . Since art films have small initial investment costs , they only need to appeal to a small portion of the mainstream viewing audiences to become financially viable .", "title": "" } ]	fever
98c33224fee99c51f3d1db42dc85ff78	Brittany Murphy is a singer.	[ { "docid": "1130f1c16b9a7475e174d477c0748daf", "text": "Brittany Murphy Brittany Murphy-Monjack ( born Brittany Anne Bertolotti ; November 10 , 1977 -- December 20 , 2009 ) , known professionally as Brittany Murphy , was an American film and stage actress , singer , and voice artist . A native of Atlanta , Murphy moved to Los Angeles as a teenager and pursued a career in acting . Her breakthrough role was as Tai Frasier in Clueless ( 1995 ) , followed by supporting roles in independent films such as Freeway ( 1996 ) and Bongwater ( 1998 ) . She made her stage debut in a Broadway production of Arthur Miller 's A View from the Bridge in 1997 , before appearing as Daisy Randone in Girl , Interrupted ( 1999 ) and as Lisa Swenson in Drop Dead Gorgeous ( 1999 ) . The 2000s saw Murphy with roles in Do n't Say a Word ( 2001 ) alongside Michael Douglas , and alongside Eminem in 8 Mile ( 2002 ) , for which she gained critical recognition . Her later roles included Riding in Cars with Boys ( 2001 ) , Spun ( 2002 ) , Uptown Girls ( 2003 ) , Sin City ( 2005 ) , and Happy Feet ( 2006 ) . Murphy also voiced Luanne Platter on the animated television series King of the Hill ( 1997 -- 2009 ) . Her final film , Something Wicked , was released in April 2014 . In December 2009 , Murphy died of pneumonia at the age of 32 . When her widower Simon Monjack died from the same illness six months later , the Los Angeles County Department of Health Services considered toxic mold in their home as a possible cause for their deaths , but this was dismissed by the Coroner 's Office . In 2011 , Murphy 's mother Sharon filed a lawsuit against the attorneys who represented her in an earlier suit against the builders of the home where her daughter and son-in-law died .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "98118eaac7d2afa9baf20e2b6eca4a84", "text": "Brittany Spears Brittany or Britney Spears may refer to : Britney Spears ( born 1981 ) , an American singer and actress Brittany Spears ( basketball ) ( born 1988 ) , American basketball player Brittany Spears : Unbreakable by The Pleasers", "title": "" }, { "docid": "de227dd07e3029b39997088db5a3ad1b", "text": "Matisse (singer) Brittany Smith , better known by her stage name Matisse , is an American actress , model , singer , and songwriter . She was best known for being part of the duo Brit & Alex ( with twin sister Alex ) , until their breakup in 2009 . Matisse is currently signed to Jive Records . On October 7 , 2011 labels such as J Records and Arista were sold to Sony 's Flagship Label and all artists such as P!nk and Avril Lavigne were merged to sign to RCA Records and other affiliated Sony Music Labels . Matisse was merged to sign to RCA as of 2011 ; she is currently with Interscope , but no longer with the now-defunct Jive Records .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "76be50cc513c7d63e49ca035a4132439", "text": "Feist discography The discography of Feist , a Canadian singer-songwriter , consists of five studio albums , eight singles and a remix album as well as four releases with Broken Social Scene . Feist spent much of her early career collaborating with various bands and artists , such as By Divine Right who she toured with for three years . In 1999 she released her first solo album , Monarch ( Lay Your Jewelled Head Down ) , though the record did n't receive the attention of her later works . 2001 saw her work with Kevin Drew and Brendan Canning on Feel Good Lost , the first album by Broken Social Scene . Feist would go on to appear on every one of the band 's albums and toured intermittently with them up until 2005 . Her second solo album , Let It Die brought Feist to an international audience , charting in multiple countries whilst garnering three nominations at the 2005 Juno Awards with wins for Best Alternative Album and Best New Artist . The record has since gone platinum in Canada . In 2006 , she released Open Season , a remix album of Let It Die featuring collaborations with various artists . Her fourth album , The Reminder which was released in 2007 , proved to be her most successful yet . The album charted at number 16 on the Billboard 200 and would go on to win the Shortlist Music Prize . The second single , `` 1234 '' was also a worldwide hit after being featured in an advertisement for the third generation iPod Nano .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "600102cb333353f48201a41442768526", "text": "So Happy So Happy is the second musical studio album by comedian/singer , Eddie Murphy . The album was released on March 29 , 1989 , on Columbia Records and was produced by Murphy , Nile Rodgers and Larry Blackmon . It was not a critical or commercial success , but still managed to reach # 70 on the Billboard 200 and # 22 on the Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums . Two singles were released : `` Put Your Mouth on Me '' , which made it to # 2 on the Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks , and `` Till the Money 's Gone '' , which only made it to # 75 on the Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Singles and Tracks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8b3907e0f439d47ffba9e9459590723d", "text": "Unsigned artist An unsigned artist , unsigned band or independent artist is a musician or musical group not under a contract with a record label . The terms are used in the music industry as a marketing technique . Bands that release their own material on self-published CDs can also be considered unsigned bands . Often unsigned bands primarily exist to perform at concerts . In more recent years , the Internet has helped promote the music of unsigned bands . Artists often post their music as MP3s on websites such as Bandcamp , SoundCloud , Myspace , PureVolume , GarageBand.com and SoundClick . In 2016 , the Unsigned Music Awards was established in the UK as the first ever televised international awards ceremony to champion artists without the backing of a record label . UK unsigned bands and musicians are able to use such services as The Unsigned Guide and to gather music industry contact names , phone numbers , websites and social media links , as well as information on how to get signed or market music independently . Song pitching websites , such as TAXI allow unsigned musicians to see which record labels ( and other music companies ) are currently seeking new music . Further , companies like Sentric Music and the royalty payment service offered by Last.fm can help in generating income streams for unsigned bands .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a25272c53fd712efd4d535c008d313ee", "text": "Canada (band) Canada is an American indie folk-pop music group from Ann Arbor , Michigan . Its songs are generally acoustic and feature guitars , drums , cellos , glockenspiels , melodicas , rhodes piano , organ and accordions . The group is known for its group vocals and harmonies and energetic live shows where members switch instruments between songs . `` With a blend of pop , folk , and country , Canada keeps an even keel with amazing melodies and even more engaging instrumentation , never becoming tiresome or trite in its mission to craft the perfect pop song ... They have made what could very well be the best pop album to come out of the ever-fruitful Detroit music scene in 2006 , and considering the quality of the competition , that 's no small praise . '' The band , composed of long-time friends , formed in late 2004 and self-released the six song How Dare You EP in July 2005 . Soon after , they were approached by indie Michigan label Quite Scientific and soon signed with them to record a full length album . Recording took place during the fall and winter of 2005 in Lansing , Michigan on a soundboard originally used to mix portions of the second and third Star Wars films . The band released its first album , This Cursed House , in June 2006 . The album became the No. 1 most-added album in college radio for June 20 , 2006 , and later climbed to No. 13 on the CMJ Radio Top 200 ( CMJ New Music Report , Issue 971 ) . Canada proceeded to embark on a series of tours with friends Page France ( Suicide Squeeze ) , Saturday Looks Good To Me ( Polyvinyl ) Headlights ( Polyvinyl ) , and Margot and the Nuclear So and So 's . Joe , Ryan , and Aaron ( Shaul ) became brief members of Saturday Looks Good To Me during this time , playing bass , drums , and glockenspiel respectively . Ryan later became a more permanent member with the group and toured with them as their drummer during their 2007 US and European tours . Canada also performed at the 2006 Pygmalion Music Festival in Champaign-Urbana , the 2006/7/8 CMJ Music Marathon in New York City and SXSW 2006/7 in Austin . Canada embarked on its longest ( 8 week ) nationwide tour in the summer of 2007 . The band was prepping the release of their second full-length ( which would have been called Put Singing Birds Into Your Messy Hair ) , when creative , scheduling , and recording issues put a halt to production in late 2008 . The band currently has no plans to re-unite , despite several offers for reunion concerts in Southeastern Michigan , however their second record may become available digitally sometime in the future .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93882bcbf40c48e32f42886331563562", "text": "Melissa Etheridge Melissa Lou Etheridge ( born May 29 , 1961 ) is an American singer-songwriter , guitarist , and activist . Her self-titled debut album Melissa Etheridge was released in 1988 and became an underground success . The album peaked at No. 22 on the Billboard 200 , and its lead single , `` Bring Me Some Water '' , garnered Etheridge her first Grammy Award nomination for Best Rock Vocal Performance , Female . In 1993 , Etheridge won her first Grammy award for her single `` Ai n't It Heavy '' from her third album , Never Enough . Later that year , she released what would become her mainstream breakthrough album , Yes I Am . Its tracks `` I 'm the Only One '' and `` Come to My Window '' both reached the top 30 in the United States , and the latter earned Etheridge her second Grammy award . Yes I Am peaked at No. 15 on the Billboard 200 , and spent 138 weeks on the chart , earning a RIAA certification of 6x Platinum , her largest to date . In October 2004 , Etheridge was diagnosed with breast cancer , and underwent surgery and chemotherapy . At the 2005 Grammy Awards , she made a return to the stage and , although bald from chemotherapy , performed a tribute to Janis Joplin with the song `` Piece of My Heart '' . Etheridge 's performance was widely lauded , with India.Arie writing `` I Am Not My Hair '' about Etheridge . Later that year , Etheridge released her first compilation album , Greatest Hits : The Road Less Traveled . The album was a success , peaking at No. 14 on the Billboard 200 , and going Gold almost immediately . Her latest studio album is This Is M.E. . Etheridge is known for her mixture of `` confessional lyrics , pop-based folk-rock , and raspy , smoky vocals . '' She has also been a gay and lesbian activist since her public coming out in January 1993 . She has received fifteen Grammy Award nominations throughout her career , winning two , in 1993 and 1995 , respectively . In 2007 , she won an Academy Award for Best Original Song for `` I Need to Wake Up '' from the film An Inconvenient Truth . In September 2011 , Etheridge received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d7a2f8ef433a3dcf0927dc417d42a9f0", "text": "Chloë (Chloë Agnew album) Chloë is the debut album of Irish singer Chloë Agnew . It was released in 2002 by Celtic Collection records . In 2008 , it was released in the United States via Valley Entertainment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "182a5690eb21f9b568d3ea71e1e101fa", "text": "Mike Doughty Michael R. `` Mike '' Doughty ( -LSB- ˈdoʊtiː -RSB- ; born June 10 , 1970 ) is an American singer-songwriter and author . He founded the band Soul Coughing in 1992 , and as of The Heart Watches While the Brain Burns ( 2016 ) , has released 18 studio albums , live albums , and EPs , all since 2000 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1d8b01e11475a0513ca406b013295424", "text": "Arielle (singer) Arielle ( born August 3 , 1990 ) is an American singer , songwriter , and guitar player born in Short Hills , New Jersey , and raised in San Mateo , California . Her musical inspiration comes from music groups such as Queen and Boston .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f9402484760843724abaa08041762262", "text": "Metals (album) Metals is the fourth studio album by Canadian singer-songwriter Feist . It was released on September 30 , 2011 in Ireland , Austria , Switzerland , Germany , Sweden and Belgium ; October 3 , 2011 in the United Kingdom ; and October 4 , 2011 in the United States and Canada . The first single from the album is `` How Come You Never Go There '' , which was released on August 12 , 2011 . The album was supported by a world tour which started in Amsterdam , Netherlands on October 15 , 2011 and finished on October 20 , 2012 in Latin America . Metals debuted on the US Billboard 200 at number 7 , and sold 38,000 copies in its first week . It earned Feist 's best sales week and it was her first top 10 album to chart in the US . The album received acclaim from critics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "70afa53285a6cd9c72ee1574369e2759", "text": "Murphy (novel) Murphy , first published in 1938 , is an avant-garde novel as well as the third work of prose fiction by the Irish author and dramatist Samuel Beckett . The book was Beckett 's second published prose work after the short-story collection More Pricks than Kicks ( published in 1934 ) and his unpublished first novel Dream of Fair to Middling Women ( published posthumously in 1992 ) . It was written in English , rather than the French of much of Beckett 's later writing . After many rejections , it was published by Routledge on the recommendation of Beckett 's painter friend Jack Butler Yeats .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "37c7c73e0ae1522a30560799f3e33a55", "text": "11 Short Stories of Pain & Glory 11 Short Stories of Pain & Glory is the ninth studio album by American band Dropkick Murphys and was released on January 6 , 2017 , on the band 's Born & Bred Records label . It is the band 's first studio album in four years since 2013 's Signed and Sealed in Blood . The album was announced on November 3 , 2016 , and a video for the song `` Blood '' was released on the same day . `` You 'll Never Walk Alone '' and `` Paying My Way '' , which also had a music video , followed as singles . All three songs were given away as digital downloads to people who pre-ordered the album . The album is also the first since 2003 's Blackout to not feature bagpipe player Scruffy Wallace who left the band in 2015 . While not an official member , Lee Forshner plays bagpipes on the album and also serves as the band 's touring bagpipe player .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a44ac57ce5b378cf7350afd693ff10f", "text": "Brittany (disambiguation) Brittany is a historical province of France . It may also refer to the following affiliation : Duchy of Brittany , an historical administrative unit Brittany ( administrative region ) , the present-day administrative region of Brittany , in France , which is smaller than the historical province of Brittany Brittany may also refer to : Brittany ( dog ) , a breed of dog Brittany , Louisiana , a community in the United States French Brittany ( dog ) , a breed of dog Brittany ( name ) , a feminine name ( variants include Britnee , Britney , Brittney ) . , one of a number of ships Brittany Apartment Building , Cincinnati , Ohio `` Britney/Brittany '' , an episode of Glee", "title": "" }, { "docid": "acc08ebc0346151d5e884e0701f53693", "text": "Brittany Shane Brittany Shane is an American singer-songwriter and musician based in Austin , Texas . The Wisconsin-born and raised songstress blends rock and pop with poetry . She got her start performing at The Fillmore in San Francisco , California in 2000 , playing acoustic in the Poster Room before acts such as The Wallflowers , Aimee Mann , Chris Isaak and Liz Phair graced the mainstage . After the release of her album , Have Heart Live Young ( 2010 ) , she opened for Heart , Foreigner and Peter Frampton as well as headlining her own local shows around the Bay Area . Her first San Francisco released CD , Decked Out ( 2005 ) , was selected by Aidin Vaziri , of the San Francisco Chronicle , as one of his top local CDs of 2005 . Her first two recordings , Out of the Everywhere ( 1999 ) and Moravian Star ( 2000 ) were released under her maiden name Brittany Safranek ( Shane is her middle name ) while attending the University of Wisconsin -- Madison . Shane released her new CD Have Heart Live Young on her own ` Painted Lady Records ' in September 2010 . Shane has worked with top-notch music makers , including Grammy-nominated mix engineer , Joe Chiccarelli and producer Zack Smith ( who founded the 1980s band Scandal ) . Her music suggests Brit cult group The Sundays , The Bangles , Beth Orton or Mazzy Star . Several of the songs on Decked Out and Have Heart Live Young provide much of the score to the multi-award winning indie film , The Village Barbershop , starring John Ratzenberger ( Cliff Clavin from Cheers ) and Shelly Cole . The film , called `` warm , humorous and ingratiating '' by Variety , was released nationally in cinemas in March 2009 by -LSB- Monterey Media -RSB- . Shane 's songs TV placements include : A national Hyundai commercial ( 2008 ) , Bad Girls Club ( Oxygen Channel ) ( 2008 ) , Living Lohan ( Oxygen Channel ) ( 2008 ) and Parking Wars ( A&E ) ( 2009 ) , Daytripper ( PBS ) ( 2013 ) , After Happily Ever After ( PBS ) ( 2013 ) , Rizzoli & Isles ( TNT ) ( 2014 ) . She was a KFOG Radio Spotlight Artist in the fall of 2008 and the San Francisco Chronicle '' 's Fresh Artist in May 2008 . Shane promoted her album Have Heart Live Young on her first US Tour from November 2009-August 2010 with 80 dates across the U.S. Aidin Vaziri featured her tour as a main music article in the Pink Pages of the San Francisco Chronicle . She released her fifth album , Loud Nights On A Short String '' ( 2012 ) which was produced by Austin music greats Scrappy Jud Newcomb and George Reiff , who also played guitar and bass on the CD , along with Dony Wynn playing drums and Johnny Goudie on keyboards . Her new album is currently in rotation on radio KOOP .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8447e38898f9939c8ffe3e3faaf99b51", "text": "Erin Hill Erin Hill is a New York City harpist , singer , and actress . Her musical performances have ranged from pop , psychedelic , and science fiction to kids music , opera , and Celtic . Hill 's 2009 album with her Celtic group hit # 1 on the Billboard World Music Chart . She has performed with Enya , Kanye West , a-ha , Sinead O'Connor , and Jewel , among others . Hill is known for her pop arrangements on solo harp , playing and singing everything from Bowie , The Beatles , Stevie Wonder and Neil Young to Prince , The Police , Avril Lavigne and Lady Gaga . As an actress , she has appeared on Broadway , film , and television , most notably as the Pretty White Girl on Chappelle 's Show . She is an actor , composer and screenwriter in the film Clear Blue Tuesday , about which the New York Times said : `` Erin Hill , as a giddy , harp-playing Trekker , stands out ... The best and funniest scene in the film is Ms. Hill 's '' . USA Today premiered her sci-fi music video `` Lookout , Science '' in 2012 . Hill 's `` Lookout , Science '' and `` Giant Mushrooms '' music videos were featured in the Dragon Con Independent Film Festival 2012 . Hill won a 2013 Independent Music Award for her song `` Stun , '' from the Erin Hill & her Psychedelic Harp album Girl Inventor . She did Original Music and Sound Design for the 2013 Drama Desk Award-nominated That Play : a Solo Macbeth . She was featured in an HBO Game of Thrones 2013 promo , playing the Game of Thrones theme on her harp . Hill is also the voice and harp behind Tafne , a central character in the Android video game The Legacy of Barubash . Newsday has called her `` the dangerously enjoyable Erin Hill . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f2197bbf40b56ee30c041f5273f0932d", "text": "Ken Casey Kenneth William `` Ken '' Casey Jr. ( born April 15 , 1969 ) is the bass guitarist , primary songwriter , and one of the lead singers of the Boston Celtic punk group the Dropkick Murphys . Casey was one of the original members , starting the band in 1996 with guitarist Rick Barton and singer Mike McColgan . He is the only original member of the Dropkick Murphys left in the band , though drummer Matt Kelly joined shortly after formation in 1997 . He is known for his melodic vocal parts and solid punk rock bass playing . Dropkick Murphys released their ninth album 11 Short Stories of Pain & Glory on January 6 , 2017 . Casey also founded the charity group The Claddagh Fund , owns his own bar in Boston and runs his own boxing promotion called Murphys Boxing . Casey has a small role in the 2016 film Patriots Day which is about the 2013 Boston Marathon bombing and the subsequent terrorist manhunt .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ff8c58278d5bfac0c0083b6acce9da25", "text": "Boneyard Beach (album) Boneyard Beach is a 1995 album by Raleigh , North Carolina band Dish , led by singer and pianist Dana Kletter , on Interscope Records . The album was produced by John Agnello at Ardent Studios in Memphis , Tennessee . Interscope 's VP , Tom Whalley , told Billboard magazine that `` the high quality of songwriting in Dish and the sound of Dana 's voice are two things that set this band apart . '' The album was not a commercial success and the group 's members moved on to other projects , however the album did garner favorable reviews . CMJ New Music reviewed the album saying Kletter 's vocals sounded like `` tomboy version '' of Natalie Merchant , while Trouser Press described the album as offering `` elegant , haunting melodies with nary a hint of excess sugar '' . Musician noted `` lush melodies and oblique lyrics '' . Music Hound described the sound of Dish as adding `` rocked-up guitar and drums '' to the sound of Kletter 's earlier project Blackgirls .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7b8828e9cc25b54301b28bf98fd8d166", "text": "Ryan T. Murphy Ryan T. Murphy ( born 1971 ) has been the associate music director of the Mormon Tabernacle Choir since 2009 , working with music director Mack Wilberg . Murphy 's previous positions have included directing choirs at the New England Conservatory of Music and the Walnut Hill School for the Arts . He has also been music director at the Tuacahn Amphitheatre and Center for the Arts and the Sundance Institute in Provo . A native of Newtown , Connecticut , Murphy attended Brigham Young University ( BYU ) , where he received his bachelor 's ( 1997 ) and master 's ( 2002 ) degrees . In 2009 , he received his doctorate in choral conducting from Boston University . As a student at BYU , Murphy served as an assistant to then-BYU professor Wilberg . He and his wife , Jennifer , are the parents of three children .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "475af628ce36adf1f451d82b83024fc7", "text": "Britney/Brittany `` Britney/Brittany '' is the second episode of the second season of the American television series Glee , and the twenty-fourth episode overall . Written and directed by series creator Ryan Murphy , it premiered on the Fox network on September 28 , 2010 , and pays tribute to Britney Spears . Glee club member Brittany S. Pierce ( Heather Morris ) experiences an anesthesia-induced hallucination in which she recreates iconic Spears moments , and comes to self-realization , and several club members follow suit . Co-captains Rachel ( Lea Michele ) and Finn ( Cory Monteith ) experience difficulties in their relationship , and club director Will Schuester ( Matthew Morrison ) becomes jealous of guidance counselor Emma Pillsbury 's ( Jayma Mays ) new boyfriend , Dr. Carl Howell ( John Stamos ) . Following the first season episode `` The Power of Madonna '' , which served as an homage to Madonna , Murphy planned two tribute episodes for Glee second season , of which `` Britney/Brittany '' is the first . He was approached by Spears about using her songs , and deemed her one of the most important female musicians of the decade , having inspired many of the show 's young cast to pursue musical careers . Spears makes several cameos in the episode , appearing in the students ' dream sequences . `` Britney/Brittany '' was also intended as a showcase for Morris , whose character was originally a background character on the show , but was promoted to a series regular after her character proved to be a fan favorite . The episode features seven musical performances , six of which were released as singles . It was watched by 13.51 million American viewers , Glee third largest audience ever , and attracted mixed reviews from critics . ToddVanDerWerff of The A.V. Club criticized its slightness of plot and incongruous musical numbers ; however , James Poniewozik of Time praised the episode for embracing its fantasy nature . Entertainment Weekly Tim Stack was dismayed by the close recreations of Spears videos , preferring Glee more original interpretations of its cover versions , yet MTV 's Aly Semigran felt that the performance of `` I 'm a Slave 4 U '' was one of the best sequences in the show 's history . Michele 's rendition of '' ... Baby One More Time '' attracted negative reviews , though her performance of Paramore 's `` The Only Exception '' was generally well received . Spears ' cameo received mixed reviews , with even those critics who received it favorably expressing relief that she did not appear for longer . Morris ' performance attracted critical praise , particularly for her dancing skills .", "title": "" } ]	fever
b79ebe1e9397bc9d9b7a06855cb19339	Jerry Goldsmith was nominated for nine Golden Globe Awards.	[ { "docid": "9e5d10beb2c22262f818020164581ade", "text": "Jerry Goldsmith Jerrald King `` Jerry '' Goldsmith ( February 10 , 1929July 21 , 2004 ) was an American composer and conductor most known for his work in film and television scoring . He composed scores for such noteworthy films as Star Trek : The Motion Picture ( Which he personally considered his best work ) , The Sand Pebbles , Logan 's Run , Planet of the Apes , Patton , Papillon , Chinatown , The Wind and the Lion , The Omen , The Boys from Brazil , Capricorn One , Alien , Poltergeist , The Secret of NIMH , Gremlins , Hoosiers , Total Recall , Basic Instinct , Rudy , Air Force One , L.A. Confidential , Mulan , The Mummy , three Rambo films , Explorers and four other Star Trek films . He collaborated with some of film history 's most accomplished directors , including Robert Wise , Howard Hawks , Otto Preminger , Joe Dante , Richard Donner , Roman Polanski , Ridley Scott , Michael Winner , Steven Spielberg , Paul Verhoeven , and Franklin J. Schaffner . Goldsmith was nominated for six Grammy Awards , five Primetime Emmy Awards , nine Golden Globe Awards , four British Academy Film Awards , and eighteen Academy Awards ( he won only one , in 1976 , for The Omen ) .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "752227b3b7a63d61f5f2d679802fae77", "text": "Golden Boot Awards The Golden Boot Awards is an American acknowledgment of achievement honoring actors , actresses , and crew members who have made significant contributions to the genre of Western television and movies . The award is sponsored and presented by the Motion Picture & Television Fund . Money raised at the award banquet is used to help finance various services offered by the Fund to those in the entertainment industry . Actor Pat Buttram conceived the idea of the Golden Boot Award , and the first ones were presented in 1983 . The awards appear to have been discontinued since 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ed72d632df5c16047a41afc2bda0c77", "text": "The Professionals (1966 film) The Professionals is a 1966 American western written , produced , and directed by Richard Brooks . It starred Burt Lancaster , Lee Marvin , Robert Ryan , and Claudia Cardinale , with Jack Palance , Ralph Bellamy , and Woody Strode in supporting roles . The script was adapted from the novel A Mule for the Marquesa by Frank O'Rourke . The film received three Academy Award nominations and an enthusiastic critical reception .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7e83fa88cab067a683d5a8f5c3b7e0a6", "text": "25th Golden Globe Awards The 25th Golden Globe Awards , honoring the best achievements in 1967 , were held on 12 February 1968 . 25th Golden Globe Awards February 12 , 1968 Film - Drama : In The Heat of the Night Film - Musical or Comedy : The Graduate TV Show : Mission : Impossible", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64209cd12f93d721eb7414a20a784073", "text": "60th Golden Globe Awards 60thGolden Globe Awards January 19 , 2003 Picture -- Drama : The Hours Picture -- Comedy or Musical : Chicago TV Series -- Drama : The Shield TV Series -- Musical or Comedy : Curb Your Enthusiasm The 60th Golden Globe Awards , honoring the best in film and television for 2002 , were held on January 19 , 2003 in the Beverly Hilton Hotel , Beverly Hills , California .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2fd364136cc43319c427dd5db6893544", "text": "64th Golden Globe Awards 64thGolden Globe Awards January 15 , 2007 Picture -- Drama : Babel Picture -- Musical or Comedy : Dreamgirls TV Series -- Drama : Grey 's Anatomy TV Series -- Musical or Comedy : Ugly Betty The 64th Annual Golden Globe Awards were aired on January 15 , 2007 . Some key dates announced by the Hollywood Foreign Press Association are : The ceremony was broadcast live on NBC . Indicating the impact that animated films have had on the film industry , the Hollywood Foreign Press Association announced in early 2006 that a Golden Globe would be awarded for the Best Animated Feature for the first time at this award ceremony . Dreamgirls won the most awards , with 3 ( including Best Motion Picture -- Musical or Comedy ) . Babel , received the most nominations , with 7 ( only winning 1 , for Best Motion Picture -- Drama ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "345ed170ae56cc348e9582d321657e1f", "text": "List of awards and nominations received by Sigourney Weaver The following is a list of awards and nominations received by American actress Sigourney Weaver . She won the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress for the 1988 film Working Girl , the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress ( drama ) for the 1988 film Gorillas in the Mist , and the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role for the 1997 film The Ice Storm . She is also a three-time Academy Award nominee , three-time Emmy Award nominee and a Tony Award nominee .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dff3afb9cc207bc396c07c1ecb151bab", "text": "3rd Empire Awards The 3rd Empire Awards ceremony , presented by the British film magazine Empire , honored the best films of 1997 and took place in 1998 . During the ceremony , Empire presented Empire Awards in nine categories as well as one honorary award . The awards were sponsored by Stella Artois for the first time . All of the winners this year won one award each . The Full Monty won the award for Best British Film , while Men in Black won the award for Best Film . Other winners included A Life Less Ordinary , Hamlet , Jerry Maguire , L.A. Confidential , Nil by Mouth , The Crucible and The English Patient . Dennis Hopper received the Lifetime Achievement Award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5df96c0814e26b36c1c686b0693dcb1b", "text": "26th Academy Awards The 26th Academy Awards honored the best in films of 1953 . The second national telecast of the Awards show drew an estimated 43 million viewers . Shirley Booth , appearing in a play in Philadelphia , presented the Best Actor award through a live broadcast cut-in , and privately received the winner 's name over the telephone from co-host Donald O'Connor . ( Actor Fredric March co-hosted from New York City . ) Gary Cooper filmed his presentation of the Best Actress award in advance on a set in Mexico , with O'Connor announcing the winner 's name . All the major winners in this year were black-and-white films . The big winner was Fred Zinnemann 's From Here to Eternity , with thirteen nominations and eight awards including Best Picture , Best Supporting Actor , Best Supporting Actress , Best Director , Best Screenplay ( Daniel Taradash ) , Best Cinematography ( Burnett Guffey ) , Best Sound , and Best Film Editing . All five of its major actors and actresses were nominated , with secondary players Donna Reed and Frank Sinatra taking home Oscars . The candid film was based on James Jones ' controversial , best-selling novel about Army life on a Hawaiian ( Oahu ) military base just prior to the Pearl Harbor attack and World War II , illustrating the conflict between an individualistic private ( Montgomery Clift ) and rigid institutional authority ( exemplified by the Army ) . Its achievement of eight awards matched the then record held by Gone with the Wind ( 1939 ) . The record would be tied again the following year by On the Waterfront ( 1954 ) . Walt Disney won four awards , which remains the record for the most Oscars won in the same year . William Holden 's speech for Best Actor for his role in Stalag 17 was simply `` Thank You '' , making it one of the shortest speeches ever ; the TV broadcast had a strict cutoff time which forced Holden 's quick remarks . The frustrated Holden personally paid for advertisements in the Hollywood trade publications to thank everyone he wanted to on Oscar night . He also remarked that he felt that either Burt Lancaster or Montgomery Clift should have won the Best Actor Oscar for From Here to Eternity , instead of him .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "de618f64d3c06a7157a7ddc9cf31e1b0", "text": "9th Primetime Emmy Awards The 9th Emmy Awards , later referred to as the 9th Primetime Emmy Awards , were held on March 16 , 1957 to honor the best in television of the year . The ceremony was held at the NBC Studios in Burbank , California . Desi Arnaz hosted the event . All nominations are listed , with winners in bold and series ' networks are in parentheses . Categories were sorted based on running time , instead of by genre . The top shows of the night were Caesar 's Hour and Playhouse 90 . Each show won a then-record five major awards , ( however , two of Playhouse 90 's wins came in now defunct categories ) . Caesar 's Hour became the first show to be nominated in all four major acting categories . Caesar 's Hour also made history when it swept the four acting categories . After over fifty years , it remains the only comedy or drama series to win every major acting award . In 2004 , the miniseries Angels in America became the second show , and first miniseries/television movie , to sweep the acting field .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a8b740b20305355946bac11683ae022", "text": "Theatre Guild The Theatre Guild is a theatrical society founded in New York City in 1918 by Lawrence Langner , Philip Moeller , Helen Westley and Theresa Helburn . Langner 's wife , Armina Marshall , then served as a co-director . It evolved out of the work of the Washington Square Players . Its original purpose was to produce non-commercial works by American and foreign playwrights . It differed from other theaters at the time in that its board of directors shared the responsibility of choosing plays , management , and production . The Theatre Guild contributed greatly to the success of Broadway from the 1920s throughout the 1970s . The Guild has produced a total of 228 plays on Broadway , including 18 by George Bernard Shaw and seven by Eugene O'Neill . Other major playwrights introduced to theatre-going Americans include Robert E. Sherwood , Maxwell Anderson , Sidney Howard , William Saroyan , and Philip Barry . In the field of musical theatre , the Guild has promoted works by Richard Rodgers , teamed with both Lorenz Hart and Oscar Hammerstein II , George and Ira Gershwin , Jule Styne , and Meredith Willson , all of which have become classics . Under President John F. Kennedy , the Guild was engaged to assemble a U.S. theatre company , headed by Helen Hayes , to tour the capitals of Europe and South America with works by Tennessee Williams , Thornton Wilder , and William Gibson . In 1968 , the Guild became involved in the travel field by taking 25 of its subscribers to European capitals to see plays . In 1975 , it instituted its Theatre At Sea program with a 17-day cruise aboard the Rotterdam with Hayes and Cyril Ritchard . Since then they have hosted more than thirty cruises , each with seven or eight performers . Among them have been Alan Arkin , Zoe Caldwell , Anne Jackson , Cherry Jones , Richard Kiley , Eartha Kitt , Patricia Neal , Lynn Redgrave , Gena Rowlands , Jean Stapleton , Eli Wallach , and Lee Roy Reams , who served as the program 's resident director . The last Broadway play produced by The Theatre Guild was State Fair in 1996 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5b91b87c40163c3e507f43714df57fc1", "text": "Gordon E. Sawyer Award The Gordon E. Sawyer Award is an Honorary Award given by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences to `` an individual in the motion picture industry whose technological contributions have brought credit to the industry . '' The award is named in honour of Gordon E. Sawyer , the former Sound Director at Samuel Goldwyn Studio and three-time Academy Award winner who claimed that a listing of past Academy Awards , arranged both chronologically and by category , represents a history of the development of motion pictures . It was first presented at the 54th Academy Awards , in April 1982 . The Gordon E. Sawyer Award is voted upon and given by the Scientific and Technical Awards Committee of the Academy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "92de842d2de777ad24787d857ad94102", "text": "Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy The Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture -- Musical or Comedy has been awarded annually since 1952 by the Hollywood Foreign Press Association ( HFPA ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad8619491ae8b44312b0edd8cee7b45f", "text": "9th International Emmy Awards The 9th International Emmy Awards took place on November 26 , 1981 , in New York City , United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "43bc2e8dd1cfae9eed6f792e87b10fc1", "text": "List of awards and nominations received by Judi Dench The following is a list of awards and nominations received by actress Judi Dench . Among her Major awards , Dench has won an Oscar , a Tony , seven Oliviers , six film and four television BAFTA Awards . She holds the record for most acting majors across all six American and British events , winning eighteen and receiving fifty two nominations . Other significant awards include two Golden Globes , two Screen Actors Guild Awards and ten critics awards . Overall in her career to date , she has won 55 competitive awards from 203 nominations . She has also received 10 honorary awards , including the lifetime achievement Special Olivier Award and the BAFTA Fellowship .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a03577e95d344494d5a28d0f391a361", "text": "The Prize (1963 film) The Prize is a 1963 spy film starring Paul Newman , Elke Sommer and Edward G. Robinson . It was directed by Mark Robson , produced by Pandro S. Berman and adapted for the screen by Ernest Lehman from the novel of the same name by Irving Wallace . It also features an early score by prolific composer Jerry Goldsmith .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e4064a7a7b33468cf89c886db7d8a2b", "text": "Goldsmith Book Prize The Goldsmith Book Prize is a literary award for books published in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ec3996c8dc5a8d0a7eacba3bd1968ded", "text": "List of awards and nominations received by Alan Menken This is a list of awards and nominations for composer Alan Menken . Menken has been recognized with multiple awards and nominations for his work in film , theatre and music .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c52d51109c9c5bdf380ddb395113505", "text": "29th Golden Globe Awards The 29th Golden Globe Awards , honoring the best in film and television for 1971 films , were held on February 6 , 1972 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c062ce5d527d8181abffa8183e35a2a", "text": "David A. Goldsmith David A. Goldsmith lives and works in the UK and Italy . His career in television spans the vast technological changes : from film to videotape ; from black & white to colour ; from terrestrial to satellite ; from the UK 's three national networks to the plethora of channels today ; from analogue to digital ; from 405 lines to High Definition . He moved through the ranks : from a Programme Assistant in educational television to a presenter of Ready Steady Go ! ; from film Location Manager at the newly formed Yorkshire TV to Programme Director ; from drama to current affairs ; from making documentaries in ITV to directing at ITN where he won a BAFTA award covering the 1980 Iranian Embassy Siege . Other experiences include : teaching at the then London College of Printing , TV production for the Metropolitan Police , directing the pan-European satellite experiment , setting up the BBC 's school of TV Journalism in Bucharest , starting the RGB news production Partnership , and as a Vice President at ScanSat Broadcasting launching its news department . In 1993 he acted as an advisor to a start up television company in Hungary . Assisted in the production of a documentary about the British television industry . His documentaries mainly in the field of human rights range : from the 1964 civil rights campaign in Mississippi to Amnesty International 's concern about the state of human rights in Mexico ; from following the Six-Day War in Jerusalem to the role of policewomen under the Equal Opportunities Act ; from World War I Old Contemptibles in Flanders to Hells Angels in Great Britain . His enthusiasm for the documentary led to his book The Documentary Makers published by RotoVision . Since 2006 he has been developing a film project to be shot in Venezuela .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18a75c5ad0c17a861ba966e0fbe71d59", "text": "BAFTA Award for Best Film The BAFTA Award for Best Film is given annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts and presented at the British Academy Film Awards . It has been given since the 1st BAFTA Awards , representing the best films of 1947 , but until 1969 it was called the BAFTA Award for Best Film From Any Source . It is possible for films from any country to be nominated , although British films are also recognised in the category BAFTA Award for Best British Film and ( since 1983 ) foreign-language films in BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language . As such , there have been multiple occasions of a film being nominated in two of these categories . There has been one tie for the Best Film award when , in 1962 , Ballad of a Soldier tied with The Hustler for Best Film from any Source . Until 1981 , the award was given to the director , except in 1976 and 1977 , when it was given to the producers . From 1981 to 1985 , it was given solely to the producers , and then in 1986 , it was shared between the Director and Producer . In 1998 , it was once again given to only the producers . In the following lists , the titles and names in bold with a dark grey background are the winners and recipients respectively ; those not in bold are the nominees . The years given are those in which the films under consideration were released , not the year of the ceremony , which always takes place the following year .", "title": "" } ]	fever
a1f8a8c1f284d943187b3d3f148bb82d	John F. Kennedy ran unopposed in the 1960 presidential election.	[ { "docid": "74c200cd5554534b74ddc72869f441f6", "text": "John F. Kennedy John Fitzgerald `` Jack '' Kennedy ( May 29 , 1917 -- November 22 , 1963 ) , commonly referred to by his initials JFK , was an American politician who served as the 35th President of the United States from January 1961 until his assassination in November 1963 . Kennedy served at the height of the Cold War , and much of his presidency focused on managing relations with the Soviet Union . He was a member of the Democratic Party who represented Massachusetts in the United States House of Representatives and the United States Senate prior to becoming president . Kennedy was born in Brookline , Massachusetts to Joseph P. Kennedy , Sr. and Rose Kennedy . A scion of the Kennedy family , he graduated from Harvard University in 1940 before joining the United States Naval Reserve the following year . During World War II , Kennedy commanded a series of PT boats in the Pacific theater and earned the Navy and Marine Corps Medal for his service . After the war , Kennedy represented Massachusetts 's 11th congressional district in the United States House of Representatives from 1947 until 1953 . He was subsequently elected to the U.S. Senate and served as the junior Senator from Massachusetts from 1953 until 1960 . While serving in the Senate , he published Profiles in Courage , which won the Pulitzer Prize for Biography . In the 1960 presidential election , Kennedy narrowly defeated Republican opponent Richard Nixon , who was the incumbent Vice President . Kennedy 's time in office was marked by high tensions with Communist states in the Cold War . He increased the number of American military advisers in South Vietnam by a factor of 18 over President Dwight D. Eisenhower . In April 1961 , he authorized a failed joint-CIA attempt to overthrow the Cuban government of Fidel Castro in the Bay of Pigs Invasion . He subsequently rejected plans by the Joint Chiefs of Staff to orchestrate false-flag attacks on American soil in order to gain public approval for a war against Cuba . In October 1962 , U.S. spy planes discovered that Soviet missile bases had been deployed in Cuba ; the resulting period of tensions , termed the Cuban Missile Crisis , nearly resulted in the breakout of a global thermonuclear conflict . Domestically , Kennedy presided over the establishment of the Peace Corps and supported the Civil Rights Movement , but he was largely unsuccessful in passing his New Frontier domestic policies . Kennedy continues to rank highly in historians ' polls of U.S. presidents and with the general public . His average approval rating of 70 % is the highest of any president in Gallup 's history of systematically measuring job approval . On November 22 , 1963 , Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas , Texas . Lee Harvey Oswald was arrested for the crime , but he was never prosecuted due to his murder by Jack Ruby two days later . Pursuant to the Presidential Succession Act , Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson was sworn in as president later that day . The FBI and the Warren Commission officially concluded that Oswald was the lone assassin , but various groups believed that Kennedy was the victim of a conspiracy . After Kennedy 's death , many of his proposals were enacted , including the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Revenue Act of 1964 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "85580c4c74626b19bc405d53afad7f53", "text": "Electoral history of Barry Goldwater Electoral history of Barry Goldwater , United States Senator from Arizona ( 1953-1965 , 1969-1987 ) and Republican Party nominee for President of the United States during 1964 election Phoenix City Council , At-large district , 1949 : Elected : Barry Goldwater - 16,405 ( 17.34 % ) Harry Rosenzweig - 14,887 ( 15.73 % ) Margaret B. Kober - 14,498 ( 15.32 % ) Frank G. Murphy - 13,598 ( 14.37 % ) Charles N. Walters - 12,838 ( 13.57 % ) Hohen Foster - 12,556 ( 13.27 % ) Defeated : Rocky Ford - 4,678 ( 4.94 % ) Tony Grosso - 3,000 ( 3.17 % ) James H. Kerby - 2,177 ( 2.30 % ) Phoenix City Council , At-large district , 1951 : Elected : Hohen Foster ( inc. . ) Barry Goldwater ( inc. . ) Margaret B. Kober ( inc. . ) Frank G. Murphy ( inc. . ) Harry Rosenzweig ( inc. . ) Charles N. Walters ( inc. . ) Defeated : A.J. Beaty Guz Rodriguez Charles Romaine Calvin R. Sanders John W. Strode James A. Tilley , Sr. . Republican primary for the United States Senator ( class 1 ) from Arizona , 1952 : Barry Goldwater - 33,460 ( 91.03 % ) Lester K. Kahl - 3,297 ( 8.97 % ) United States Senate election in Arizona , 1952 : Barry Goldwater ( R ) - 132,063 ( 51.31 % ) Ernest McFarland ( D ) ( inc. ) - 125,338 ( 48.69 % ) United States Senate election in Arizona , 1958 : Barry Goldwater ( R ) ( inc. ) - 164,593 ( 56.06 % ) Ernest McFarland ( D ) - 129,030 ( 43.94 % ) 1960 Republican presidential primaries : Richard Nixon - 4,975,938 ( 86.63 % ) Unpledged - 314,234 ( 5.47 % ) George H. Bender - 211,090 ( 3.68 % ) Cecil H. Underwood - 123,756 ( 2.16 % ) James M. Lloyd - 48,461 ( 0.84 % ) Nelson Rockefeller - 30,639 ( 0.53 % ) Frank R. Beckwith - 19,677 ( 0.34 % ) John F. Kennedy - 12,817 ( 0.22 % ) Barry Goldwater - 3,146 ( 0.06 % ) Paul C. Fisher - 3,146 ( 0.06 % ) Henry Cabot Lodge , Jr. - 514 ( 0.01 % ) Dwight D. Eisenhower ( inc. ) - 172 ( 0.00 % ) Styles Bridges - 108 ( 0.00 % ) 1960 Republican National Convention ( presidential tally ) : Richard Nixon - 1,321 ( 99.25 % ) Barry Goldwater - 10 ( 0.75 % ) United States presidential election , 1960 : John F. Kennedy/Lyndon B. Johnson ( D ) - 34,220,984 ( 49.7 % ) and 303 electoral votes ( 22 states carried ) Richard Nixon/Henry Cabot Lodge , Jr. ( R ) - 34,108,157 ( 49.6 % ) and 219 electoral votes ( 27 states carried ) Harry F. Byrd/Strom Thurmond ( I ) - 286,359 ( 0.4 % ) and 14 electoral votes ( 2 states carried ) Harry F. Byrd/Barry Goldwater ( I ) - 1 electoral vote ( Oklahoma faithless elector ) Orval Faubus/John G. Crommelin ( National States ' Rights ) - 44,984 ( 0.1 % ) Charles L. Sullivan/Merritt Curtis ( CST ) - 18,162 ( 0.0 % ) 1964 Republican presidential primaries : Barry Goldwater - 2,267,079 ( 38.33 % ) Nelson Rockefeller - 1,304,204 ( 22.05 % ) James A. Rhodes - 615,754 ( 10.41 % ) Henry Cabot Lodge , Jr. - 386,661 ( 6.54 % ) John W. Byrnes - 299,612 ( 5.07 % ) William Scranton - 245,401 ( 4.15 % ) Margaret Chase Smith - 227,007 ( 3.84 % ) Richard Nixon - 197,212 ( 3.33 % ) Unpledged - 173,652 ( 2.94 % ) Harold Stassen - 114,083 ( 1.93 % ) 1964 Republican National Convention ( presidential tally ) : Barry Goldwater - 883 ( 67.51 % ) William Scranton - 214 ( 16.36 % ) Nelson Rockefeller - 114 ( 8.72 % ) George W. Romney - 41 ( 3.14 % ) Margaret Chase Smith - 27 ( 2.06 % ) Walter Judd - 22 ( 1.68 % ) Hiram Fong - 5 ( 0.38 % ) Henry Cabot Lodge , Jr. - 2 ( 0.15 % ) United States presidential election , 1964 : Lyndon B. Johnson/Hubert Humphrey ( D ) - 43,127,041 ( 61.1 % ) and 486 electoral votes ( 44 states and D.C. carried ) Barry Goldwater/William E. Miller ( R ) - 27,175,754 ( 38.5 % ) and 52 electoral votes ( 6 states carried ) Unpledged electors ( D ) - 210,732 ( 0.3 % ) United States Senate election in Arizona , 1968 : Barry Goldwater ( R ) - 274,607 ( 57.22 % ) Roy Elson ( D ) - 205,338 ( 42.78 % ) United States Senate election in Arizona , 1974 : Barry Goldwater ( R ) ( inc. ) - 320,396 ( 58.26 % ) Jonathan Marshall ( D ) - 229,523 ( 41.74 % ) United States Senate election in Arizona , 1980 : Barry Goldwater ( R ) ( inc. ) - 432,371 ( 49.46 % ) Bill Schultz ( D ) - 422,972 ( 48.38 % ) Fred R. Esser ( Libertarian ) - 12,008 ( 1.37 % ) Lorenzo Torrez ( People over Politics ) - 3,608 ( 0.41 % ) Josefina Otero ( Socialist Workers ) - 3,266 ( 0.37 % )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "db7d691c174d728789a65964921047db", "text": "Fifty-state strategy A fifty-state strategy is a political strategy which aims for progress in all states of the United States of America , rather than conceding certain states as `` unwinnable . '' In a presidential campaign , it is usually implemented as an appeal to a broad base of the American public in an attempt to win , even if marginally , every state , since even a marginal victory is effectively total victory for electoral purposes . It can also refer to an overall long-term strategy for a political movement such as a political party . This strategy is very ambitious and , when used for a specific election , is typically abandoned as the election day draws nearer . In the vast majority of cases , winning a state 's popular vote for president or senator -- even by a small margin -- means the state 's entire representation in the election goes to the victor without being divided . A fifty-state strategy requires a campaign to spend valuable resources in a rival 's strongest states , when those resources could instead be concentrated in swing states that will become a total win or a total loss based on only a small difference in popular votes . A president has won every state three times : in 1788 and 1792 , George Washington won all the electoral votes running effectively unopposed , and in 1820 , James Monroe , running unopposed , carried all twenty-three states in the union at that time ( although one electoral vote was cast for John Quincy Adams and two electors died prior to casting votes ) . In 1936 , Franklin D. Roosevelt carried forty-six of forty-eight states , losing only Maine and Vermont . A complete fifty-state victory has not been accomplished since the fiftieth state was admitted into the union , although Republicans have twice managed to win the presidency in forty-nine of the fifty : in 1972 with Richard Nixon losing only Massachusetts , and in 1984 with Ronald Reagan losing only his rival 's home state of Minnesota . Both also lost the District of Columbia , which has had presidential electors since the Twenty-Third Amendment in 1961 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c798ee8225f79ab7b53d30338c4c95ad", "text": "United States presidential election, 1992 The United States presidential election of 1992 was the 52nd quadrennial presidential election . It was held on Tuesday , November 3 , 1992 . There were three major candidates : Incumbent Republican President George H. W. Bush , Democratic Arkansas Governor Bill Clinton , and independent Texas businessman Ross Perot . Bush had alienated much of his conservative base by breaking his 1988 campaign pledge against raising taxes . The economy was in recession and Bush 's perceived greatest strength , foreign policy , was regarded as much less important following the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the relatively peaceful climate in the Middle East after the defeat of Iraq in the Gulf War . Clinton won a plurality in the popular vote , and a wide Electoral College margin . The election was a significant realigning election after three consecutive Republican landslides . Northeastern , Upper Midwest , and West Coast states which had previously been competitive began voting reliably Democratic . As of 2016 , this is the most recent election in which an incumbent president was unseated , the previous one having been the 1980 election in which Ronald Reagan unseated then-incumbent Jimmy Carter . Perot 's campaign took 18.9 % of the vote , finishing second in Maine and Utah . This was noted for being the highest vote share of a third-party candidate since 1912 , though he did not obtain any electoral votes . As of 2017 , this is the last time Georgia and Montana voted for the Democratic candidate , and the last time the state of Florida was on the losing end of the presidential election .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "efab0b3238a407405c443b4b8c671331", "text": "United States presidential election in North Carolina, 1968 The 1968 United States presidential election in North Carolina took place on November 5 , 1968 throughout all 50 states and D.C. , which was part of the 1968 United States presidential election . Voters chose 13 representatives , or electors to the Electoral College , who voted for President and Vice President . The vote in North Carolina was split three ways , between Republican nominee Richard Nixon , Democratic nominee Hubert Humphrey , and American Independent Party nominee George Wallace . Nixon won the state , with 39.5 % of the vote , while Wallace 's 31.3 % pushed Humphrey into third on 29.2 % . Nixon won twelve of the state 's electoral votes , while one faithless elector that had been pledged to Nixon voted instead for Wallace .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7bd7e7a8ddfd77a121be305f10f35bac", "text": "Democratic Party presidential primaries, 1964 The 1964 Democratic presidential primaries were the selection process by which voters of the Democratic Party chose its nominee for President of the United States in the 1964 U.S. presidential election . Incumbent President Lyndon B. Johnson was selected as the nominee through a series of primary elections and caucuses culminating in the 1964 Democratic National Convention held from August 24 to August 27 , 1964 , in Atlantic City , New Jersey .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "033a0c3f40eb1d28b96b26f66adb3cf8", "text": "United States presidential election in New York, 1980 The 1980 United States presidential election in New York took place on November 4 , 1980 . All 50 states and The District of Columbia , were part of the 1980 United States presidential election . New York voters chose forty one electors to the Electoral College , which voted for President and Vice President . New York was won by former California Governor Ronald Reagan , in a narrow victory against President of the United States Jimmy Carter , who failed to gain reelection against Reagan . Also in the running was Independent candidate Congressman John B. Anderson of Illinois , who ran in New York as the Liberal Party candidate . Reagan won the state with a plurality of 46.66 % of the vote to Carter 's 43.99 % , a margin of 2.67 % . Anderson finished in third with 7.54 % . New York 's election results reflect the Republican Party 's re-consolidation of base under what is popularly called the `` Reagan Revolution , '' which sounded various overwhelming conservative electoral victories across the United States throughout the 1980s - and most evidently against the relatively unpopular President Carter during the 1980 presidential election . New York weighed in for this election as more Democratic than the national average by about 7 % . This election is notable in that , while the highly populated regions of New York City , Buffalo , and Albany turned out for Carter , the election in the state was tipped by the majority of less-populated upstate counties , combined with heavily populated suburban counties around NYC , most of which were won by Reagan . Carter actually picked up plurality wins in 2 counties which he had lost in 1976 : Monroe County , home to the city of Rochester , and Niagara County . A major contributing factor to Reagan 's victory over Carter was the relatively strong third party showing by independent candidate John B. Anderson , a former liberal Republican congressman who garnered 8 % of the vote in the State - twice the 4 % margin by which Carter had won New York in 1976 . Running on the ballot line of New York 's Liberal Party , Anderson attracted the votes of many liberals and moderates who normally leaned Democratic but were dissatisfied with the policies of the Carter Administration , thus splitting the left-leaning vote in New York State . In the heavily populated , and very liberal , 5 boroughs of New York City , Carter still won overall , and Reagan made only modest gains in vote share over Gerald Ford 's 1976 showing of 33 % , taking 37 % in the city in 1980 . However , although still winning 4 out of 5 boroughs , Carter bled a massive amount of support in the city to Anderson , dropping from 66 % in 1976 to only 55 % in 1980 . Since Democratic victories in New York State in that era depended on running up massive margins in New York City to overcome the rest of the state 's Republican lean , the reduced margin in the city from vote-splitting would prove fatal to Carter 's chances of winning the state in 1980 . While Reagan only bled about 1 % of Republican base support in the state ( winning a plurality in a 3-way-race with 46.66 % while Gerald Ford had lost the state in a two-man race with 47.52 % in 1976 ) , Carter bled nearly 8 % of his 1976 support , falling from a 51.95 % majority win in 1976 to a losing 43.99 % in 1980 , most of those lost Democratic base votes going to Anderson instead . This remains the last election in which a Republican presidential nominee has won Tompkins County in upstate New York , home to the college town of Ithaca , where Cornell University and Ithaca College are located . Reagan narrowly won the county with a plurality of 42 % to Carter 's 40 % , while Anderson took nearly 14 % , making it Anderson 's strongest county in the state . In 1984 , Tompkins County would vote against Reagan and in the following years it would become the most Democratic county in upstate New York , giving Barack Obama over 70 % of the vote in 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b8933964b338b6e86593ff7349197dac", "text": "Martin J. Kennedy Martin John Kennedy ( August 29 , 1892 -- October 27 , 1955 ) was an American politician from New York .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5ec69f76f862c9b38e890e8e962e56ca", "text": "Modern liberalism in the United States Modern American liberalism is the dominant version of liberalism in the United States . It is characterized by social liberalism , and combines ideas of civil liberty and equality with support for social justice and a mixed economy . The term `` modern liberalism '' in this article refers only to the United States . In a global context , this philosophy is usually referred to as social liberalism . The American modern liberal philosophy strongly endorses public spending on programs such as education , health care , and welfare . Important social issues today include addressing inequality , voting rights for minorities , affirmative action , reproductive and other women 's rights , support for LGBT rights , and immigration reform . Modern liberalism took shape during the twentieth century , with roots in Theodore Roosevelt 's New Nationalism , Woodrow Wilson 's New Freedom , Franklin D. Roosevelt 's New Deal , Harry S. Truman 's Fair Deal , John F. Kennedy 's New Frontier , and Lyndon B. Johnson 's Great Society . American liberals oppose conservatives on most issues , but not all . Modern liberalism is historically related to social liberalism and progressivism , though the current relationship between liberal and progressive viewpoints is debated . John F. Kennedy defined a liberal as follows : Franklin Delano Roosevelt in 1941 defined a liberal party as one , Keynesian economic theory has played an important role in the economic philosophy of modern American liberals . Modern American liberals generally believe that national prosperity requires government management of the macroeconomy , in order to keep unemployment low , inflation in check , and growth high . They also value institutions that defend against economic inequality . In The Conscience of a Liberal Paul Krugman writes : `` I believe in a relatively equal society , supported by institutions that limit extremes of wealth and poverty . I believe in democracy , civil liberties , and the rule of law . That makes me a liberal , and I 'm proud of it . '' Liberals often point to the widespread prosperity enjoyed under a mixed economy in the years since World War II . They believe liberty exists when access to necessities like health care and economic opportunity are available to all , and they champion the protection of the environment . Modern American liberalism is typically associated with the Democratic Party , as modern American conservatism is typically associated with the Republican Party .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad6f3a90b66d6d522eb367969f437da4", "text": "United States presidential election in Missouri, 2012 The 2012 United States presidential election in Missouri took place on November 6 , 2012 as part of the 2012 General Election in which all 50 states plus The District of Columbia participated . Missouri voters chose 10 electors to represent them in the Electoral College via a popular vote pitting incumbent Democratic President Barack Obama and his running mate , Vice President Joe Biden , against Republican challenger and former Massachusetts Governor Mitt Romney and his running mate , Congressman Paul Ryan . On election day , Missouri was won by Mitt Romney , who took 53.76 % of the vote to Barack Obama 's 44.38 % , a margin of 9.38 % . Although a battleground in past elections , Missouri is considered to be trending toward the Republicans , having been the only swing state to be won ( albeit narrowly ) by Republican John McCain in the 2008 election . Consequently , the state was not heavily contested by either side in 2012 , and the Republicans ultimately carried Missouri by the largest margin since 1984 . Also , this was the first time since 1900 that Missouri was not carried by the victor of the presidential contest two times consecutively ( after Obama had failed to win the state in 2008 ) , as well as the first time since 1900 when the overall loser of the presidential election won the state by a margin larger than 1 % of the statewide vote . Obama carried only three counties and the City of St. Louis . He carried Boone County , home to Columbia and the University of Missouri ; Jackson County , where most of Kansas City is located ; and St. Louis County .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "71f9e1ea2faff80f1f22e9512f519b23", "text": "Republican Party presidential primaries, 1964 The 1964 Republican presidential primaries were the selection process by which voters of the Republican Party chose its nominee for President of the United States in the 1964 U.S. presidential election . Senator Barry Goldwater of Arizona was selected as the nominee through a series of primary elections and caucuses culminating in the 1964 Republican National Convention held from July 13 to July 16 , 1964 , in San Francisco , California .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "182002cf6a7c7bc2e410fa1b69d7dae6", "text": "A Thousand Days A Thousand Days : John F. Kennedy in the White House is a nonfiction book by special assistant to the president , American historian Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr. about the United States Presidency of John F. Kennedy ( 1961 -- 1963 ) . In that capacity , he was able to bear witness to the people and events which shaped the administration of President Kennedy . The book features the policies , politics , and personalities during Kennedy 's time in office . His cabinet is a focused aspect , as well . It was first published by Houghton Mifflin in 1965 and won both the National Book Award in History and Biography and the Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography in 1966 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "338e014d5461ab655a9d56711bd2fa25", "text": "Democrats for Nixon Democrats for Nixon was a campaign to promote Democratic support for the then-incumbent Republican President Richard Nixon in the 1972 presidential election . The campaign was led by the former Democratic governor of Texas , John Connally . Connally , who was serving as the United States Secretary of the Treasury , announced that he would be supporting Nixon for re-election and would spend his time until the elections working on behalf of the incumbent . A Democrat who had been Governor of Texas and United States Secretary of the Navy under John F. Kennedy , Connally formally announced the formation of the organization in August 1972 . Polling cited by Connally indicated that as many as 20 million Democrats would cross over to vote for Nixon and invited `` all those millions of Democrats who realize that in this Presidential election President Nixon is simply the better choice '' . Connally stated that he was troubled by Senator George McGovern 's campaign and felt that the Democratic party `` is becoming an ideological machine closed to millions who have been the party 's most loyal and steadfast members '' under McGovern 's leadership . The committee included Mayor Beverly Briley of Nashville , Tennessee , former Governor of Florida Farris Bryant , Mayor of Boston John F. Collins , Mayor Thomas G. Dunn of Elizabeth , New Jersey , Teamsters president Frank Fitzsimmons , Governor of Virginia Mills E. Godwin , Jr. , Mayor of Miami , Florida David T. Kennedy and Leonard Marks who had previously headed the United States Information Agency . A fundraising target of as much as $ 3 million was set for the organization . Connally also announced that Jeno Paulucci , a frozen food distributor who had been closely involved as a fundraiser for Hubert H. Humphrey in his presidential bids , would serve as head of a group encouraging independent voters to choose Nixon . In a September 1972 article in The New York Times , Connally was quoted as saying that increasing numbers of traditionally Democratic voters were leaving the fold because they `` are afraid of George McGovern '' because of his proposals for major cutbacks in defense spending and in the number of U.S. troops serving in Europe . Connally insisted that `` it is in the best interests of this country that the president be re-elected this year '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9580530101cd38635e3d08557928a958", "text": "1860 Republican National Convention The 1860 Republican National Convention , also known as the 2nd Republican National Convention , was a nominating convention of the Republican Party of the United States , held in Chicago , Illinois , from May 16 to 18 , 1860 . The gathering nominated former U.S. Representative Abraham Lincoln of Illinois for President of the United States and Senator Hannibal Hamlin of Maine for Vice President . Lincoln 's nomination was a surprise , as the favorite before the convention had been former Governor of New York and U.S. Senator William H. Seward . Lincoln 's campaign manager , David Davis , is credited for Lincoln 's victory over Thurlow Weed , Seward 's campaign manager . Lincoln-Hamlin went on to defeat three other major tickets that year , including Democratic nominee Stephen A. Douglas , U.S. Senator from Illinois .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a349f7c05e3f4eaa4efad3b2a68f2e49", "text": "1952 Republican National Convention The 1952 Republican National Convention was held at the International Amphitheatre in Chicago , Cook County , Illinois from July 7 to July 11 , 1952 , and nominated the popular general and war hero Dwight D. Eisenhower of Kansas , nicknamed `` Ike , '' for president and the anti-communist crusading Senator from California , Richard M. Nixon , for vice president . The Republican platform pledged to end the unpopular war in Korea , supported the development of nuclear weapons as a deterrence strategy , to fire all `` the loafers , incompetents and unnecessary employees '' at the State Department , condemned the Roosevelt and Truman administrations ' economic policies , supported retention of the Taft-Hartley Act , opposed `` discrimination against race , religion or national origin '' , supported `` Federal action toward the elimination of lynching '' , and pledged to bring an end to communist subversion in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "112b3b9c027284cd651dd8eb29e0b994", "text": "Philippine general election, 1961 Presidential , legislative and local elections were held on November 14 , 1961 in the Philippines . Incumbent President Carlos P. Garcia lost his opportunity for a second full term as President of the Philippines to Vice President President Diosdado Macapagal . His running mate , Senator Sergio Osmeña , Jr. lost to Senator Emmanuel Pelaez . Six candidates ran for president , four of whom were `` nuisance '' candidates . This was the only election in Philippine electoral history in which a vice-president defeated the incumbent president .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3545711a2cc397152d720dce6c11dfee", "text": "John McCain presidential campaign, 2000 The 2000 presidential campaign of John McCain , the United States Senator from Arizona , began in September 1999 . He announced his run for the Republican Party nomination for the presidency of the United States in the 2000 presidential election . McCain was the main challenger to Texas Governor George W. Bush , who had the political and financial support of most of the party establishment . McCain staged an upset win in the February 2000 New Hampshire primary , capitalizing on a message of political reform and `` straight talk '' that appealed to moderate Republican and independent voters and to the press . McCain 's momentum was halted when Bush won the South Carolina primary later that month , in a contest that became famous for its bitter nature and an underground smear campaign run against McCain . McCain won some subsequent primaries , but after the March 2000 Super Tuesday contests he was well behind in delegates and withdrew . He grudgingly endorsed Bush two months later and made occasional appearances for him during the general election .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "40351f2b5dda33631f520375d098448e", "text": "PT 109 (film) PT 109 is a 1963 biographical war film which depicts the actions of John F. Kennedy ( JFK ) as an officer of the United States Navy in command of Motor Torpedo Boat PT-109 during the Pacific War of World War II . The film was adapted by Vincent Flaherty and Howard Sheehan from the book PT 109 : John F. Kennedy in World War II by Robert J. Donovan , and the screenplay was written by Robert L. Breen . Cliff Robertson stars as Kennedy , with featured performances by Ty Hardin , James Gregory , Robert Culp , and Grant Williams . PT 109 was the first commercial theatrical film about a sitting United States President released while he was still in office and still alive . It was released in the United States on June 19 , 1963 , five months before Kennedy was assassinated .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ba15b340b699f0f6cb9db889db649674", "text": "Joe Biden presidential campaign, 2008 The 2008 presidential campaign of Joe Biden , the longtime Senator from Delaware , announced his candidacy for President of the United States on the edition of January 7 , 2007 of Meet the Press . He officially became a candidate on January 31 , 2007 after filing papers with the Federal Elections Commission . Biden had previously run for president in 1988 , but failed to receive the nomination of the Democratic Party . If elected , Biden would have been the first sitting Senator and Roman Catholic to be president since John F. Kennedy , and the first President to be born during World War II . ( b. 1942 ) During the campaign , Biden focused on his plan to achieve political success in the Iraq War through a system of federalization . He touted his record in the Senate as the head of several congressional committees and experience in foreign policy . Despite a few notable endorsements , Biden failed to garner significant support in opinion polls , and was marred by controversial comments made while campaigning . He ultimately dropped out of the race on January 3 , 2008 , after capturing less than 1 % of the vote in the Iowa caucus . Seven months after conclusion of his campaign , Biden was selected to be Democratic presidential nominee Barack Obama 's vice presidential running mate . The pair won in the general election , and were sworn in on January 20 , 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6c0432c1a093721a057a2051ff77b853", "text": "Presidency of John F. Kennedy The presidency of John F. Kennedy began on January 20 , 1961 , when he was inaugurated as the 35th President of the United States , and ended on November 22 , 1963 , upon his assassination and death , a span of days . A Democrat , he took office following the 1960 presidential election , in which he narrowly defeated Richard Nixon . He was succeeded by Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson . Kennedy was the first person born in the 20th century to be elected president , and , at age 43 , the youngest person elected to the office . He was also the first Roman Catholic elected to the presidency . Kennedy played an important role in bringing American politics into the modern communications age , as his use of television provided a campaign model that spoke to voters directly , and his media presidency greatly weakened the power of political machines in party politics . Kennedy 's time in office was marked by Cold War tensions with the Soviet Union and especially with Cuba . In Cuba , a failed attempt was made in April 1961 at the Bay of Pigs to overthrow the government of Fidel Castro . Kennedy 's administration subsequently rejected plans by the Joint Chiefs of Staff to orchestrate false-flag attacks on American soil in order to gain public approval for a war against Cuba . In October 1962 , it was discovered that Soviet ballistic missiles had been deployed in Cuba ; the resulting period of unease , termed the Cuban Missile Crisis , is seen by many historians as the closest the human race has ever come to nuclear war between nuclear-armed belligerents . To contain Communist expansion in Asia , Kennedy increased the number of American military advisers in South Vietnam by a factor of 18 over his predecessor , Dwight D. Eisenhower ; a further escalation of the American role in the Vietnam War took place after Kennedy 's death . In domestic politics Kennedy made bold proposals in his New Frontier agenda , but few were passed by Congress . He did establish of the Peace Corps , and intensify the Space Race . Kennedy took steps to support the Civil Rights Movement , and after his death his proposed civil rights bill was passed as the Civil Rights Act of 1964 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "56ee20fb2b802ff98050e78dbf94a151", "text": "JFK in Ireland JFK in Ireland : Four Days That Changed a President is the title of the first book written by Irish broadcaster Ryan Tubridy . Released in the UK in 2010 , and by Lyons Press in the US in 2011 , it is a profile of President of the United States John F. Kennedy 's 1963 visit to Ireland . A spokesperson for Eason & Son was reported to have called it `` one of the most highly anticipated literary events of the year '' . Tubridy was exempted from paying income tax on his work , leading to criticism from politicians and the media . The broadcaster said he would send copies of the book to both the Kennedy family and the White House . The book contains photographs of Kennedy 's visit . A documentary , JFK : A Homecoming , by Ryan Tubridy was broadcast on RTÉ One prior to the book 's release . Bernice Harrison , reviewing the week 's television in The Irish Times , commented : `` The timing of this history documentary -- not the usual bank-holiday viewing , not an anniversary of the visit , no new revelations -- was peculiar until you noted that RTÉ 's star presenter has a book coming out this week about the JFK visit . Nice publicity if you can get it '' .", "title": "" } ]	fever
f4b5e52928005dc67b7d2f0d103c90c9	Reds was directed by the film's producer.	[ { "docid": "4616dace12242646c58a9f5e57752290", "text": "Reds (film) Reds is a 1981 American epic drama film co-written , produced and directed by Warren Beatty . The picture centers on the life and career of John Reed , the journalist and writer who chronicled the Russian Revolution in his book Ten Days That Shook the World . Beatty stars in the lead role alongside Diane Keaton as Louise Bryant and Jack Nicholson as Eugene O'Neill . The supporting cast includes Edward Herrmann , Jerzy Kosinski , Paul Sorvino , Maureen Stapleton , Gene Hackman , Ramon Bieri , Nicolas Coster and M. Emmet Walsh . The film also features , as `` witnesses , '' interviews with the 98-year-old radical educator and peace activist Scott Nearing , author Dorothy Frooks , reporter and author George Seldes , civil liberties advocate Roger Baldwin , and the American writer Henry Miller , among others . Beatty was awarded the Academy Award for Best Director and the film was nominated for Best Picture , but lost to Chariots of Fire . Beatty , Keaton , Nicholson and Stapleton were nominated for Best Actor , Best Actress , Best Supporting Actor and Best Supporting Actress , respectively . Stapleton was the only one of the four to win . Beatty was also nominated , along with co-writer Trevor Griffiths , for Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay , but lost to Chariots of Fire . Beatty became the third person to be nominated for Academy Awards in the categories Best Actor , Director and Original Screenplay for a film nominated for Best Picture . In June 2008 , the American Film Institute revealed its `` Ten Top Ten '' -- the best ten films in ten `` classic '' American film genres -- after polling over 1,500 people from the creative community . Reds was acknowledged as the ninth best film in the epic genre .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "83793d9c84228ff30128e682f196de24", "text": "Miles of Fire Miles of Fire/The Burning Miles ( Огненные вёрсты , translit . Ognennye versty ) is an early Red Western filmed by Samson Samsonov in 1957 . Often considered the earliest of the ` Red Westerns ' ( or ` Osterns ' ) , it was made before the term was coined . The film is a Russian civil war drama , focusing on the conflict between the Reds and the Whites . One-time Mosfilm actor Samsonov had a versatile directorial career prior to The Burning Miles , fresh from an adaptation of Chekhov 's The Grasshopper that won two prizes at the Venice Film Festival . He was later awarded the title of ` People 's Artist of the USSR ' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2bfc6e682c0f8be8dee868bde8079428", "text": "Robert Watts Robert Watts ( born 23 May 1938 ) is a British film producer who is best known for his involvement with the Star Wars and Indiana Jones film series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2fcd2ab9bb6188707c48ead216504d36", "text": "1938 Cincinnati Reds season The 1938 Cincinnati Reds season was a season in American baseball . The team finished fourth in the National League with a record of 82 -- 68 , 6 games behind the Chicago Cubs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c2c663d714bf3ce3b7e62d0cf04a7702", "text": "Ron Roy (producer) Ron Roy is an American actor , producer , director , writer , composer and cinematographer . He is best known as the creator of the Moodtapes DVD/CD nature/relaxation series and the producer/director of the annual comedy special Stand Up Comics Take A Stand , which aired for four years nationally on The Family Channel . He has produced and directed film , television , theater , documentaries , radio , commercials and music videos .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6832e84f6564c3c7f5de8611ed9bb37e", "text": "Roko Belic Roko Belic is an American film producer and director . His directorial debut , Genghis Blues , was nominated for an Academy Award for best documentary feature .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b817db0e00e057aca07ab7d8df8b56b2", "text": "List of awards and nominations received by Robert Redford The following is a list of awards and nominations received by American actor , director and producer Robert Redford . He was first nominated for an Academy Award in 1973 for his role as Johnny `` Kelly '' Hooker in The Sting . He then won Best Director in 1980 for Ordinary People . In 1994 , he was nominated twice for Best Picture and Best Director for Quiz Show . He has been nominated for seven Golden Globes , winning two for Inside Daisy Clover as New Star of the Year -- Actor ( 1965 ) , Ordinary People as Best Director ( 1980 ) , and won the Cecil B. DeMille Award in 1994 . He was awarded the Screen Actors Guild Life Achievement Award in 1995 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "08fed23bc2acde5c676d4fce4128e485", "text": "Greensman A Greensman or Greensperson or Greenskeeper is any production personnel on a film set who is responsible for obtaining and taking care of anything `` green '' -- plants , grass , trees , flowers , and other various landscaping materials like rocks , gravel , sand , etc. . Considered part of the art department . This includes artificial forms of these materials up to and including those representing greens , such as camouflage netting . Greens work is generally considered to be one of the dirtiest , most thankless , and physically demanding jobs in set construction . In addition to set construction greensmen often work `` on set '' assisting the camera and other departments in adjusting the set to the changing demands of different camera positions and lighting setups . Ideally the greensman functions as a participant in the filmmaking process as an extension of the art department during set construction and in conjunction with the camera department during filming . The range of duties in this category ranges from tending to plant nursery operations ( watering , fertilizing , transplanting , etc. ) through to the artful crafting of vines , trees , flowers and the like using cut living material and various forms of artificial material .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6f447272545dd111467fcf425257f960", "text": "Sunset on the Desert Sunset on the Desert is a 1942 American Western film directed by Joseph Kane and starring Roy Rogers , and George `` Gabby '' Hayes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e700a9680540bc1e0014e24e0e0d274", "text": "Hollywood blacklist The Hollywood blacklist -- as the broader entertainment industry blacklist is generally known -- was the practice of denying employment to screenwriters , actors , directors , musicians , and other American entertainment professionals during the mid-20th century because they were accused of having Communist ties or sympathies . Artists were barred from work on the basis of their alleged membership in or sympathy with the Communist Party USA or refusal to assist investigations into the party 's activities . Even during the period of its strictest enforcement , the late 1940s through the late 1950s , the blacklist was rarely made explicit or verifiable , but it directly damaged the careers of scores of individuals working in the film industry . The first systematic Hollywood blacklist was instituted on November 25 , 1947 , the day after ten writers and directors were cited for contempt of Congress for refusing to testify to the House Un-American Activities Committee . A group of studio executives , acting under the aegis of the Association of Motion Picture Producers , fired the artists -- the so-called Hollywood Ten -- and made what has become known as the Waldorf Statement . On June 22 , 1950 , a pamphlet entitled Red Channels was published . Focused on the field of broadcasting , it identified 151 entertainment industry professionals in the context of `` Red Fascists and their sympathizers . '' Soon , most of those named , along with a host of other artists , were barred from employment in most of the entertainment field . The blacklist lasted until 1960 , when Dalton Trumbo , a Communist Party member from 1943 to 1948 and member of the Hollywood Ten , was credited as the screenwriter of the highly successful film Exodus , and later publicly acknowledged by actor Kirk Douglas for writing the screenplay for the movie Spartacus . A number of those blacklisted , however , were still barred from work in their professions for years afterward .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0db43eea05d33372e5b22310fe1c375c", "text": "George Weiss (producer) George G. Weiss ( born April 9 , 1921 ) is an American film producer who specialized in independent ` road show ' exploitation Z movies during the 1950s and sexploitation shockers in the 1960s that openly defied the motion picture production code of the day .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "66f18560fce3c3603473d5e7b26d2efc", "text": "History of the Cincinnati Reds The Cincinnati Reds are a Major League Baseball team . Originally named the Cincinnati Red Stockings , the name was shortened to the Cincinnati Reds in the 1890s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "03c0ee83eccda9203ac8d9a50b39a0ca", "text": "The Red Apple (film) The Red Apple ( -LSB- Красное яблоко , Krasnoe yabloko -RSB- ) is a Soviet drama film directed by Tolomush Okeyev . It was entered into the 9th Moscow International Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ff169dd3789a9d2ba269c7d41528cc5f", "text": "1925 Cincinnati Reds season The 1925 Cincinnati Reds season was a season in American baseball . The team finished third in the National League with a record of 80 -- 73 , 15 games behind the Pittsburgh Pirates .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1da462b9fe581b292b7404fbae29d82a", "text": "Aaron Russo Aaron Russo ( -LSB- ˈrʊsoʊ -RSB- February 14 , 1943 -- August 24 , 2007 ) was an American entertainment businessman , film producer and director , and political activist . He was best known for producing such movies as Trading Places , Wise Guys , and The Rose . Later in life , he created various Libertarian-leaning political documentaries including Mad as Hell and America : Freedom to Fascism . After a six-year battle with bladder cancer , Russo died on August 24 , 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0c42d5acfb664ec5c266b4e33301a1b8", "text": "Russian World Studios Russian World Studios was founded in 1984 by Yuri Sapronov and Andrei Smirnov , and is one of the largest film and television production companies in the Russian market . As of 1992 , the company has produced or serviced over 400 film and television projects . The studio has worked with Sony Pictures Television International , Hallmark Entertainment , HBO Films , and Beacon Pictures . RWS offers a range of film production services as well as their own distribution department , which sells in-house film and TV series on the international market . The company 's film studios are located in Moscow and St. Petersburg . At the end of 2007 RWS joined JSFC `` Sistema '' , the largest diversified holding company in Russia . This new partnership has allowed RWS to focus on three main areas of growth : studio facilities , including the expansion of the new St. Petersburg studio ; production , including the expansion and efficient use of the content library ; and distribution of content across current and emerging media platforms .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0346fb7a9c6e08887125a4cdb0c67745", "text": "Dick Vorisek Dick Vorisek ( February 21 , 1918 -- November 7 , 1989 ) was an American sound engineer . He was nominated for an Academy Award in the category Best Sound for the film Reds . He worked on over 130 films between 1947 and 1988 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "63e5b16472c40c2d9e6be4cd14c29f79", "text": "Mitchell Altieri Mitchell Altieri is an American film director , producer and writer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a96720151a66d64c7483a386c3819d80", "text": "Digital intermediate Digital intermediate ( typically abbreviated to DI ) is a motion picture finishing process which classically involves digitizing a motion picture and manipulating the color and other image characteristics . It often replaces or augments the photochemical timing process and is usually the final creative adjustment to a movie before distribution in theaters . It is distinguished from the telecine process in which film is scanned and color is manipulated early in the process to facilitate editing . However the lines between telecine and DI are continually blurred and are often executed on the same hardware by colorists of the same background . These two steps are typically part of the overall color management process in a motion picture at different points in time . A digital intermediate is also customarily done at higher resolution and with greater color fidelity than telecine transfers . Although originally used to describe a process that started with film scanning and ended with film recording , digital intermediate is also used to describe color correction and color grading and even final mastering when a digital camera is used as the image source and/or when the final movie is not output to film . This is due to recent advances in digital cinematography and digital projection technologies that strive to match film origination and film projection . In traditional photochemical film finishing , an intermediate is produced by exposing film to the original camera negative . The intermediate is then used to mass-produce the films that get distributed to theaters . Color grading is done by varying the amount of red , green , and blue light used to expose the intermediate . This seeks to be able to replace or augment the photochemical approach to creating this intermediate . The digital intermediate process uses digital tools to color grade , which allows for much finer control of individual colors and areas of the image , and allows for the adjustment of image structure ( grain , sharpness , etc. ) . The intermediate for film reproduction can then be produced by means of a film recorder . The physical intermediate film that is a result of the recording process is sometimes also called a digital intermediate , and is usually recorded to internegative ( IN ) stock , which is inherently finer-grain than camera negative ( OCN ) . One of the key technical achievements that made the transition to DI possible was the use of the 3D look-up tables ( aka `` 3D LUTs '' ) , which could be used to mimic how the digital image would look once it was printed onto release print stock . This removed a large amount of skilled guesswork from the film-making process , and allowed greater freedom in the colour grading process while reducing risk . The digital master is often used as a source for a DCI-compliant distribution of the motion picture for digital projection . For archival purposes , the digital master created during the Digital Intermediate process can still be recorded to very stable high dynamic range yellow-cyan-magenta ( YCM ) separations on black-and-white film with an expected 100-year or longer life . This archival format , long used in the industry prior to the invention of DI , still provides an archival medium that is independent of changes in digital data recording technologies and file formats that might otherwise render digitally archived material unreadable in the long term .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0b33050f9433498143d87d1baa7bac5e", "text": "Nelson Woss Nelson Woss ( born in Perth , Western Australia ) is an Australian film producer who made the feature films Red Dog and Ned Kelly .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e384bdc20424ccfa353ba74f69e46e08", "text": "Alex Graves Alexander John `` Alex '' Graves ( born July 23 , 1965 ) is an American film director , television director , television producer and screenwriter .", "title": "" } ]	fever
b0d16323e7e9e26990b88bb68de50d3f	Billie Jean King is an American tennis player.	[ { "docid": "b334ccb9e3c9abe8ef02dfb0082e97e5", "text": "Billie Jean King Billie Jean King ( née Moffitt ; born November 22 , 1943 ) is an American former World No. 1 professional tennis player . King won 39 Grand Slam titles : 12 in singles , 16 in women 's doubles , and 11 in mixed doubles . King won the singles title at the inaugural WTA Tour Championships . King often represented the United States in the Federation Cup and the Wightman Cup . She was a member of the victorious United States team in seven Federation Cups and nine Wightman Cups . For three years , King was the United States ' captain in the Federation Cup . King is an advocate for gender equality and has long been a pioneer for equality and social justice . In 1973 , at age 29 , she won the Battle of the Sexes tennis match against the 55-year-old Bobby Riggs , and was the founder of the Women 's Tennis Association , World TeamTennis ( with former husband Larry King ) , and the Women 's Sports Foundation . Regarded by many in the sport as one of the greatest tennis players of all time , King was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 1987 . The Fed Cup Award of Excellence was bestowed on King in 2010 . In 1972 , King was the joint winner , with John Wooden , of the Sports Illustrated Sportsman of the Year award and was one of the Time Persons of the Year in 1975 . King has also received the Presidential Medal of Freedom and the Sunday Times Sportswoman of the Year lifetime achievement award . King was inducted into the National Women 's Hall of Fame in 1990 , and in 2006 , the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City was renamed the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "0318f69c1864dff08a908c9737ff3807", "text": "US Open Series The US Open Series is the seven-week summer tennis season linking twelve ATP World Tour and WTA Tour tournaments together . The Series leads to the US Open . It is often referred to as the U.S. or North American hard court season . From 2012 until 2018 , the series will be sponsored by Emirates . It was organized in 2004 as a way to focus more attention on American tennis tournaments by getting more of them on domestic television . Until 2004 , most summer North American tournaments were not on television , the exceptions being the highly televised ATP World Tour Masters 1000 events in Canada and Cincinnati . The eight non-Masters tournaments now enjoy about 50 hours of television combined -- about two hours on each day of their final weekends , chiefly on ESPN2 , which is where ESPN shows its tennis programming .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cc8e063682046b2d9f1f2343eff5d91b", "text": "Billy King Billy King may refer to : Billy King ( basketball ) ( born 1966 ) , American basketball player and general manager Billy King ( cricketer ) ( 1902 -- 1987 ) , Irish cricketer Billy King ( Australian footballer ) ( 1920 -- 1990 ) , Australian rules footballer Billy King ( footballer , born 1994 ) , Scottish footballer ( Heart of Midlothian FC ) Billy King ( vaudeville ) ( 1866/75 -- 1951 ) , American vaudeville entertainer and showman Billie Jean King ( born 1943 ) , retired American tennis player Robin King ( born 1966 ) , Northern Irish paramilitary nicknamed `` Billy ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "52ca2648a838fef61ebd64c049c30b01", "text": "Billie Tapscott Daphne Ruth `` Billie '' Tapscott ( 31 May 1903 -- 1970 ) was a South African female tennis player . She was born in Kimberley , South Africa . In 1930 she married South African tennis player Collin John James Robbins . Her best singles performance at a Grand Slam event was reaching the quarterfinals of the 1927 French Championships in which she lost to eventual winner Kea Bouman in straight sets and the 1929 Wimbledon Championships losing at the same stage to Elsie Goldsack . She caused some furor at Wimbledon in 1927 when she played without stockings and white socks . In 1929 she was a runner -- up at the singles event of the Irish Open , losing in the final in three sets to compatriot Bobbie Heine Miller . Tapscott won the South African Championships singles title in 1930 , 1933 , 1934 and 1938 . Her brothers Lionel and George were both cricketers who played in Test matches for South Africa .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "de6b411c33be68c397ef8adff32b30dc", "text": "Tournament of Champions (tennis) The Tournament of Champions was a major professional tennis tournament between 1956 and 1959 . The tournament was held on the indoor hardcourts at Los Angeles in 1956 , and on the grass-courts of Forest Hills , New York , between 1957 and 1959 . The 1956 , 1957 , and 1958 tournaments all had a round robin format . The tournament was picked up again in 1968 for a one off tournament during the open era and called Jack Kramer 's Tournament of Champions held at Wembley Arena .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ec48839ea44d6b7657892e2452dcbc7", "text": "John Austin (tennis) John Austin ( born July 31 , 1957 ) is an American former professional tennis player born in Long Beach , California . He won the Wimbledon mixed doubles championship with his sister , Tracy Austin , in 1980 , becoming the first brother and sister team to win a Grand Slam title together . Austin reached a career high singles ranking of World No. 40 . He now resides in Scottsdale , Arizona with his son , Reed , and his wife , Karen . He is the brother of former professional tennis players Tracy , Pam , Jeff , and Doug Austin , and the brother-in-law of fitness expert Denise Austin . According to a July 31 , 2006 press release , He is currently the manager of a racquet club in Surprise , Arizona He was the national NCAA doubles champ in 1978 while at UCLA He was a Davis Cup team member .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8a22c000d2b1a20e55cde70ee2946839", "text": "Nancy Yeargin Nancy Yeargin ( born 22 May 1955 ) is an American former tennis player who was active during the 1970s and 1980s . During her career Yeargin played in all four Grand Slam tournaments . Her best result in the singles came in 1982 when she reached the third round at the US Open . At Wimbledon she reached the second round in 1982 and 1983 . Her best doubles result was reaching the third round at Wimbledon In 1979 and 1982 . At the Australian Open she reached the second round in the singles ( 1981 ) and doubles ( 1982 ) . Yeargin reached the quarterfinals at the 1982 Edgbaston Cup after victories over Amanda Tobin , Sylvia Hanika and Barbara Hallquist . At the 1984 Virginia Slims of Pennsylvania , part of the 1983 Virginia Slims World Championship Series , she partnered Ann Henricksson to reach the final of the doubles event . Yeargin was elected to the Women 's International Tennis Association ( WITA , now WTA ) board of directors and served from 1982 through 1986 during which time she was chairman of the tournament committee . In 1982 she was voted the winner of the Karen Krantzcke Sportsmanship Award in 1982 . After her retirement from the WTA Tour in 1984 she became a professional coach at the Greenville Country Club .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "70e685e3c4b3326b90b757787b013cca", "text": "Jahial Parmly Paret Jahial `` John '' Parmly Paret ( October 3 , 1870 -- November 24 , 1952 ) was a tennis player and writer from the United States . Paret won the All-Comers final , but finished runner-up to Malcolm Whitman in the Challenge Round of the U.S. National Championships men 's singles event , in 1899 . He also reached the quarterfinals in 1897 . Parmly Paret became the author or several books about tennis technique and strategy , including Lawn Tennis : its Past , Present , and Future ( 1904 ) , Methods and Players of Modern Lawn Tennis ( 1915 ) and Mechanics of the Game of Lawn Tennis ( 1926 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d9e0506093c43cd4b6a77e71ed5bd851", "text": "Adeline Robinson Adeline King Robinson ( 22 March 1865 -- 18 December 1943 ) was an American female tennis player who was active during the 1880s and 1890s . She was born in New York , the daughter of stockbroker Beverly Robinson and Eliza Gracie King . She was educated at private schools in New York City and in France . Robinson mainly played at the Staten Island Cricket and Baseball Club and in New York tournaments . In September 1887 she won the doubles event at the New York Lawn Tennis Club open tournament with Miss Clark . In October she won the singles title at the Hastings-on-Hudson tournament after defeating Ellen Roosevelt in the final . Robinson competed in the women 's singles event at the 1888 National Championships , played in June at the Philadelphia Cricket Club . She defeated Augusta Roberts in the first round in straight sets and won her second round match against Ellen Roosevelt before losing in the semifinal to eventual champion Bertha Townsend after failing to convert a matchpoint . She was described by tennis champion Henry Slocum in 1889 as `` the most skillful exponent of lawn tennis to be found among the women of America . '' . After rheumatism cut short her tennis career Robinson took up golf and played for the Richmond County Country Club . She was the defending champion at the 1898 Harbor Hill Golf Club tournament and competed at the W.M.G.A. tournament in 1900 . In the late 1890s she began giving dancing lessons to children which she continued to do until about 1939 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ee977ee4f7b9e8e1da8f7b3e907d657", "text": "Margaret Court career statistics This is a list of the main career statistics of Australian former tennis player Margaret Court . She won 64 Grand Slam events ( 24 singles , 19 doubles , 21 mixed doubles ) , which is a record for a male or female player . Her 24 Grand Slam singles titles and 21 in mixed doubles are also all-time records for both sexes . She achieved a career Grand Slam in singles , doubles , and mixed doubles . She is one of two women to have achieved the calendar year Grand Slam in singles in the Open Era ( alongside Steffi Graf ) , and is the only woman to have achieved the mixed doubles Grand Slam , which she did twice . Court won more than half of the Grand Slam singles tournaments she played ( 24 of 47 ) . She won 192 singles titles before and after the Open Era , an all-time record . Her career singles win-loss record was 1,177-106 , for a winning percentage of 91.74 percent on all surfaces ( hard , clay , grass , carpet ) , is also an all-time record . She won at least 100 singles matches in 1965 ( 113-8 ) , 1968 ( 107-12 ) , 1969 ( 104-6 ) , 1970 ( 110-6 ) , and 1973 ( 108-6 ) . She won more than 80 percent of her singles matches against top 10 players ( 297-73 ) and was the year-end top ranked player seven times .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a290e74b3f96504d75947b995bedd9b", "text": "Pam Teeguarden Pam Teeguarden ( born April 17 , 1951 ) is a former American professional tennis player in the 1970s and 1980s , ranked in the top 20 from 1970 -- 1975 , according to John Dolan 's Women 's Tennis Ultimate Guide , prior to computer rankings . She won two Grand Slam Doubles Titles and was a quarter finalist in singles at the U.S. Open and The French Open . Her father Jerry , a well known coach , helped Margaret Court win the coveted Grand Slam ( all four Grand Slam titles in one year ) in 1970 and Virginia Wade to her 1977 Wimbledon triumph . Teeguarden was voted the `` Most Watchable Player '' based on play and appearance by a group of Madison Avenue advertising executives or `` Mad Men '' while playing at the US Open . Teeguarden played in 19 consecutive US Opens , holding the record until Chris Evert played in 20 . She wore the first all black outfit in the history of tennis in 1975 at The Bridgestone Doubles Championships in Tokyo , starting a trend that is still popular today . Teeguarden was the first woman tennis player signed by Nike . She played on the victorious Los Angeles Strings Team Tennis team in 1981 and won the Team Tennis Mixed Doubles Division with Tom Gullikson in 1977 ; they were also runners-up in the league that year . Teeguarden won two grand slam titles : US Open Mixed in 1974 ( with Geoff Masters ) French Open in 1977 ( with Regina Maršíková ) Among Teeguarden 's doubles titles are the Canadian Open Doubles , the Swedish Open Doubles , the Austrian Open Doubles , the Argentinian Open Doubles , the Women 's Games Doubles in Salt Lake City , and the Virginia Slims of Tucson Doubles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "89d0d4e59df953477f95d5acec615bab", "text": "Kerry Melville Kerry Melville Reid , , ( née Melville ; born 7 August 1947 ) is a former professional tennis player from Australia . During her 17-year career , Reid won one Grand Slam singles title and 26 other singles titles and was the runner-up in 40 singles tournaments . Reid was included in the year-end world top ten rankings for 12 consecutive years ( 1968 -- 1979 ) . She won at least one tournament annually from 1966 through 1979 , except for 1975 . Her career-high ranking was World No. 5 in 1971 , behind Margaret Court , Billie Jean King , Evonne Goolagong , and Rosie Casals .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5bc9450947661c88ddc6df6e7cf9ced7", "text": "Eugenie Bouchard Eugenie `` Genie '' Bouchard ( born February 25 , 1994 ) is a Canadian professional tennis player who is currently ranked no. 59 in the world . At the 2014 Wimbledon Championships , Bouchard became the first Canadian-born player representing Canada to reach the finals of a Grand Slam in singles , finishing runner-up to Petra Kvitová . She also reached the semifinals of the 2014 Australian Open and 2014 French Open , and won the 2012 Wimbledon girls ' title . Following the end of the 2013 WTA Tour , she was named WTA Newcomer of the Year . The next year , Bouchard received the WTA Most Improved Player award for the 2014 season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3a2489f450d92930a1bd1a90c51f9ecc", "text": "NCAA Women's Division II Tennis Championship The NCAA Division II Women 's Tennis Championship is the National Collegiate Athletic Association 's tennis tournament to determine the Team Championships , Singles Championships , and Doubles Championships for women 's tennis athletes from Division II institutions . Tennis was one of twelve women 's sports added to the NCAA championship program for the 1981-82 school year , as the NCAA engaged in battle with the Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women for sole governance of women 's collegiate sports . The AIAW continued to conduct its established championship program in the same twelve ( and other ) sports ; however , after a year of dual women 's championships , the NCAA conquered the AIAW and usurped its authority and membership . From its establishment in 1982 until 1994 , the championship consisted of three championships : singles , doubles , and team . However , the singles and doubles titles were discontinued after 1994 and have not been reestablished . Armstrong State is the most successful program , with eight national titles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a49022d13e2f06169b88d84bdac9135", "text": "Unmatched Unmatched is a documentary about tennis players Martina Navratilova and Chris Evert , their decades-long on-court rivalry and lifelong friendship , created for ESPN 's 30 for 30 documentary series . Evert and Navratilova met in 80 matches , 60 finals and 14 grand slam finals with Navratilova sporting a 43-37 advantage . The film was shot over three days in Amagansett , New York in October 2009 . Unmatched was awarded the 2011 Gracie Award for `` Outstanding Producer - News/Non-fiction '' . Navratilova was sometimes described as the lesbian tennis player from a communist country : `` As one of the first openly gay sports figures , she has spent much of her career overcoming prejudices and stereotypes , giving up millions of dollars in endorsements and sponsorships as a result of her insistence on living a life of integrity and honesty . '' Evert was described as the all-American girl next door . Today Navratilova is often cited as the greatest tennis player of all-time ; she has won 167 singles titles , 177 doubles championships titles and 59 Grand Slam titles , she has been inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame , was the WTA 's `` Tour Player of the Year '' seven times , was declared one of the `` Top Forty Athletes of All-time '' by Sports Illustrated and was named `` Female Athlete of the Year '' by the Associated Press . Navratilova has served as AARP 's Health and Fitness Ambassador and is also involved with the LGBT movement , The Rainbow Card ® and Rainbow Endowment . Evert on the other hand reached more Grand Slam singles finals than any player , she has been president of the Women 's Tennis Association and in 2005 she was named fourth on the list of the 40 Greatest Players of the Tennis Era by TENNIS Magazine . Evert won 157 singles championships , 29 doubles titles and she won 18 Grand Slam singles championships and three doubles titles . Hannah Storm said of the rivalry : `` Just think about the dynamic of competing against your best friend . They would practice together , eat lunch together , then go out and play in the final and then make travel plans to go to the next tournament . '' In describing their rivalry and its effect on their tennis careers , Navratilova said : `` I do n't think either of us would have lasted as long without the other . '' Evert said : `` It gave us inspiration and a lot of incentive to work harder and try to continue to improve . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "31b6c70b8229551deb4b95bee4c67b44", "text": "Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman , CBE ( née Hotchkiss ; December 20 , 1886 -- December 5 , 1974 ) was an American tennis player and founder of the Wightman Cup , an annual team competition for British and American women . She dominated American women 's tennis before World War I , and won 45 U.S. titles during her life .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6708ad38b8d4893eae8df5d0e0e20246", "text": "Stephanie DeFina Stephanie DeFina Johnson ( born March 8 , 1946 ) is an American former amateur tennis player who was active in the 1960s and early 1970s . DeFina was included in the year-end top ten rankings issued by the United States Lawn Tennis Association from 1966 through 1968 , reaching a career high ranking of seventh in 1967 . Her best singles result at a Grand Slam tournament was reaching the fourth round of the 1967 Wimbledon Championships in which she lost to Ann Jones . In 1966 , she reached the final of the U.S. Women 's Clay Court Championships before falling to Nancy Richey . In 1969 , she was a doubles runner-up at the New England Women 's Invitational Indoor Tennis Championships ( teaming with Kathy Pigeon ) and was the singles runner-up at the U.S. Indoor Championships . At the tournament in Cincinnati , DeFina won two singles titles : in 1963 ( defeating Jane `` Peaches '' Bartkowicz in the final ) and 1965 ( defeating Roberta Alison in the final ) . She also paired with Alison to win the Cincinnati doubles title in 1965 . In 1968 DeFina was a member of the U.S. team that competed for the Wightman Cup , the annual women 's team tennis competition between the United States and Great Britain . She played the doubles match partnering Kathy Harter but lost to the sister team of Christine Truman Janes and Nell Truman . DeFina was a member of the 1974 World Team Tennis champion Denver Racquets .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "84b2c40692436e546306846747fcd36f", "text": "2008 Pilot Pen Tennis The 2008 Pilot Pen Tennis was a combined men 's and women 's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts . It was the 40th edition of the Pilot Pen Tennis , and was part of the International Series of the 2008 ATP Tour , and of the Tier II Series of the 2008 WTA Tour . It took place at the Cullman-Heyman Tennis Center in New Haven , United States , from August 15 through August 23 , 2008 . The men 's field was headlined by ATP No. 13 , Nottingham runner-up and Umag champion Fernando Verdasco , Cincinnati Masters semifinalist and Nottingham titlist Ivo Karlović , and winner of back-to-back titles in Stuttgart , Kitzbühel , Los Angeles and Washington Juan Martín del Potro . Other top seeds are Gstaad and Umag finalist Igor Andreev , Viña del Mar and Pörtschach runner-up Juan Mónaco , Marin Čilić , Andreas Seppi and Mardy Fish . The women 's draw was led by WTA No. 10 , Rome Tier I semifinalist and Paris champion Anna Chakvetadze , Australian Open semifinalist and Indian Wells Tier I quarterfinalist Daniela Hantuchová , and Paris , Eastbourne and Montreal semifinalist , Standford finalist Marion Bartoli . Also competing are Paris finalist Ágnes Szávay , Bangalore runner-up Patty Schnyder , Flavia Pennetta , Alizé Cornet and Dominika Cibulková .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6c917453c093feb9b417bad55adf3d0a", "text": "Fed Cup Fed Cup is the premier international team competition in women 's tennis , launched in 1963 to celebrate the 50th Anniversary of the International Tennis Federation ( ITF ) . The competition was known as the Federation Cup until 1995 . The Fed Cup is the world 's largest annual women 's international team sports competition , in terms of the number of nations that compete . The men 's equivalent of the Fed Cup is the Davis Cup . Australia , Czech Republic and the United States are the only countries that have held both the Fed Cup and Davis Cup at the same time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8215daad99c8b48a9b412d6f5e1fd4a7", "text": "2013 Australian Open The 2013 Australian Open was a tennis tournament that took place in Melbourne Park in Melbourne , Australia , from 14 to 27 January 2013 . It was the 101st edition of the Australian Open , and the first Grand Slam event of the year . The tournament consisted of events for professional players in singles , doubles and mixed doubles play . Junior and wheelchair players competed in singles and doubles tournaments . All four of the main events in singles and same-sex doubles were won by the top seeds -- Novak Djokovic in men 's singles , Victoria Azarenka in women 's singles , Bob and Mike Bryan in men 's doubles , and Sara Errani and Roberta Vinci in women 's doubles . This year 's Australian Open was the first Grand Slam event since that tournament 's 2004 edition in which the women 's singles and doubles were won by the top seeds , and the first Grand Slam event since the 1997 Wimbledon Championships in which the men 's and women 's singles and doubles were all won by the top seeds .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bfcbc9b05ae239b2a3ba647fdb5bb915", "text": "Dr. Robert Walter Johnson House and Tennis Court Dr. Robert Walter Johnson House and Tennis Court is a historic home and tennis court in Lynchburg , Virginia , United States , that was built in 1911 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2002 . It is located in the Pierce Street Historic District . Dr. Robert Walter Johnson ( 1899-1971 ) was a Lynchburg physician , the first minority doctor in the entire city to be granted practice rights at the Lynchburg General Hospital . In addition to his work , Dr. Johnson was a successful trainer for promising African-American tennis players . His American Foursquare style home , built in 1911 , includes an adjacent tennis court on the lot next door . A successful college athlete , Johnson used his athletic skill and personal funds to found the Junior Development Program of the American Tennis Association during the 1950s . Stressing sportsmanship and discipline , Johnson trained stars such as Althea Gibson and Arthur Ashe , the first African-Americans to ever win at Wimbledon . The house was also offered as lodging to distinguished African-Americans passing through the city , as blacks were usually denied occupancy from hotels . Guests included the famed Duke Ellington , Jackie Robinson , Lionel Hampton , and Roy Campanella . The tennis court where Ashe and Gibson mastered their art still exists , buried beneath the grass , but salvageable according to experts . The net posts still protrude from the once hallowed ground as a final sign of this property 's finer days . Despite being on the National Register of Historic Places , the house has fallen into disrepair .", "title": "" } ]	fever
a33f0bb548944deebe42aaaf0e79c114	In 1969, Boris Karloff died.	[ { "docid": "2ee5e0272c275e62f5c26661f4b67a92", "text": "Boris Karloff William Henry Pratt ( 23 November 1887 -- 2 February 1969 ) , better known by his stage name Boris Karloff , was an English actor who was primarily known for his typecast roles in horror films that depicted the characters Frankenstein and The Mummy . He portrayed Frankenstein 's monster in Frankenstein ( 1931 ) , Bride of Frankenstein ( 1935 ) , and Son of Frankenstein ( 1939 ) , which resulted in his immense popularity . He also appeared as Imhotep in The Mummy ( 1932 ) . His best-known non-horror role is as the Grinch , as well as the narrator , in the animated television special of Dr. Seuss 's How the Grinch Stole Christmas ! ( 1966 ) . Karloff guest starred in a 1966 TV episode of The Wild Wild West , `` The Night of the Golden Cobra '' . He also had a memorable role in the original Scarface ( 1932 ) . For his contribution to film and television , Boris Karloff was awarded two stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "10c64458cf4c8fc627baaaa4c2c2bbd9", "text": "1969 Cannes Film Festival The 22nd Cannes Film Festival was held from 8 to 23 May 1969 . At this festival a new non-competitive section called `` Directors ' Fortnight '' is added , in response to the cancellation of the 1968 festival . The Grand Prix du Festival International du Film went to the If ... . by Lindsay Anderson . The festival opened with Sweet Charity , directed by Bob Fosse .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f9a673fcd10c958a2e2a6781729f97c7", "text": "Great Purge The Great Purge or the Great Terror was a campaign of political repression in the Soviet Union which occurred from 1936 to 1938 . It involved a large-scale purge of the Communist Party and government officials , repression of peasants and the Red Army leadership , and widespread police surveillance , suspicion of `` saboteurs '' , `` counter-revolutionaries '' , imprisonment , and arbitrary executions . In Russian historiography , the period of the most intense purge , 1937 -- 1938 , is called Yezhovshchina ( Ежовщина literally , `` Yezhov phenomenon '' , According to the dictionary , the suffix - shchina in this case produces a word which refers to some kind of phenomenon associated with the word to which the suffix is attached . Quote : `` 1 . Словообразовательная единица , образующая имена существительные женского рода , которые обозначают бытовое или общественное явление , идейное или политическое течение , характеризующееся признаком , названным < ... > '' Juraj Sipko ( Sipko J. Etnopsyholingvisticke predpoklady slovensko-ruskych a rusko-slovenskych porovnavani , Presov , 2003 ) comparing Russian and Slovak languages , points out that in Russian the suffix - shchina ( in meaning 1 given by Efremova ) most commonly bears openly negative or derisive connotations . commonly translated as `` times of Yezhov '' or `` doings of Yezhov '' ) , after Nikolai Yezhov , the head of the Soviet secret police , NKVD . Mobile gas vans were invented to kill people . It has been estimated between 600,000 and 3 million people died at the hands of the Soviet government during the Purge . In the Western world , Robert Conquest 's 1968 book The Great Terror popularized that phrase . Conquest 's title was in turn an allusion to the period called the Reign of Terror during the French Revolution ( French : la Terreur , and , from June to July 1794 , la Grande Terreur , the Great Terror ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9656a0d9d2a70ac135b4e9c91527c566", "text": "Dead Body on Broadway Dead Body on Broadway ( German : Todesschüsse am Broadway ) is a 1969 German thriller film directed by Harald Reinl and starring George Nader , Heinz Weiss and Heidy Bohlen . It was part of the series of films portraying FBI agent Jerry Cotton .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e2bb5c781846854cc54242c21bb0148c", "text": "Old Bolshevik Old Bolshevik ( ста́рый большеви́к , stary bolshevik ) , also Old Bolshevik Guard or Old Party Guard , became an unofficial designation for those who were members of the Bolshevik party before the Russian Revolution of 1917 . Many of the Old Guard were either tried and executed by the NKVD during the Great Purge of 1936 -- 38 or died under suspicious circumstances . Vladimir Lenin expressed the opinion that what one could call the `` old party guard '' , a `` thinnest layer '' , had a `` huge , unshared prestige '' . According to a 1972 Soviet book by D.A. Chygayev , in 1922 there were 44,148 Old Bolsheviks . Vadim Rogovin cites the statistics published by the 13th Congress of the Russian Communist Party ( Bolsheviks ) , that in 1924 , of 600,000 Party members , 0.6 % joined before 1905 , 2 % joined in 1906 -- 1916 and < 9 % joined in 1917 . Joseph Stalin removed many of the Old Bolsheviks from power during the Great Purge of the 1930s . ( The most prominent survivors in the Communist Party were Lazar Kaganovich , Vyacheslav Molotov , Kliment Voroshilov , Anastas Mikoyan , and Stalin himself . ) Some were executed for treason ; some were sent to labor camps ( the Gulag ) ; and a few , such as Alexandra Kollontai , went abroad as ambassadors , preventing them from participating in the central government . Many communist opponents of Stalin , most notably the Trotskyists , cite this fact in support of their argument that Stalin betrayed the aims of the revolution ; they believed in Permanent Revolution , while Stalin and his supporters believed in Socialism in One Country . Various things in the Soviet Union , such as a publishing house , several steamships , motorboats , kolkhozes and settlements , gained the name Old Bolshevik . The first prominent Old Bolshevik to die was Yakov Sverdlov in 1919 ; the last was Lazar Kaganovich in 1991 who also reached the greatest age .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "78cf13b1fa106643dad25435b18743c8", "text": "Luis Enrique Vergara Luis Enrique Vergara made low-budget horror and monster movies from 1950 to 1971 . In attempt to please all film goers , he combined monsters and horror with action , sex , science fiction , and comedy . To save money , he often wrote the screenplay as well as producing the films from his Filmica Vergara Cinecomisiones , a film production company he founded in 1952 . During the two decades that Vergara wrote and produced films he worked with actors and actresses including Susana Dosamantes , Macaria , Altia Michel , Isela Vega , John Carradine , and Boris Karloff . He produced the last four films in which Boris Karloff appeared : The Snake People , The Incredible Invasion , Fear Chamber , and House of Evil . Bill Warren , the science-fiction historian , was on the set during the filming ; he reported that Vergara forced the director of the American sequences Jack Hill to tie down with a rope `` an early portable video camera to the top of the 35mm Mitchell he was using as his principal camera '' , a relatively early example of the `` video assist '' which is now standard practice in commercial film production . Due to his unexpected death , the release of the Karloff films was held up due to ownership rights of inheritance under Mexican law .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f41ca45d2f2e68746c5b6e808c2dba0e", "text": "Vsevolod Frederiks Vsevolod Konstantinovich Frederiks ( or Fréedericksz ; Всеволод Константинович Фредерикс -LSB- ˈvʲsʲɛvəɫəd fʲrʲɪdʲɪˈrʲiks -RSB- ; April 29 , 1885 , Warsaw -- January 6 , 1944 , Gorkiy ) was a Russian/Soviet physicist . His primary contribution to physics was in the field of liquid crystals . The Frederiks transition was named after him . After high school Frederiks attended Geneva University and for one semester attended the lectures of Paul Langevin in Paris . After defending his thesis and obtaining his PhD , Fredericks decided to continue his studies at Göttingen University . He was there for more than eight years , and with the outbreak of World War I he became a civil prisoner . During that period he became personal assistant to David Hilbert . In the summer of 1918 Frederiks returned to Russia , and worked at the Institute of Physics and Biophysics in Moscow . In 1919 he became a lecturer at the University of Petrograd . He was arrested by the NKVD in 1937 , and although released before the war he died before reaching home .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f17781a675e8218688da01f72fc76a51", "text": "We'll Live Till Monday We 'll Live Till Monday ( Доживём до понедельника , translit . Dozhivyom do ponedelnika ) is a 1968 Soviet drama film directed by Stanislav Rostotsky . It was entered into the 6th Moscow International Film Festival where it won the Golden Prize . The film is about the life of an ordinary Moscow school with all its joys , problems and difficult choices in their lives of students and teachers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2a523a7f359b31386c71a0e384f5de7d", "text": "Russian mafia Russian organized crime or Russian mafia , sometimes referred to as Bratva ( : `` brotherhood '' ) , is a collective of various organized crime elements originating in the former Soviet Union . Organized crime in Russia began in the imperial period of the Tsars , but it was not until the Soviet era that vory v zakone ( `` thieves-in-law '' ) emerged as leaders of prison groups in gulags ( Soviet prison labor camps ) , and their honor code became more defined . After World War II , the death of Joseph Stalin , and the fall of the Soviet Union , more gangs emerged in a flourishing black market , exploiting the unstable governments of the former Republics , and at its highest point , even controlling as much as two-thirds of the Russian economy . Louis Freeh , former director of the FBI , said that the Russian mafia posed the greatest threat to U.S. national security in the mid-1990s . In modern times , there are as many as 6,000 different groups , with more than 200 of them having a global reach . Criminals of these various groups are either former prison members , corrupt officials and business leaders , people with ethnic ties , or people from the same region with shared criminal experiences and leaders . However , the existence of such groups has been debated . In December 2009 , Timur Lakhonin , the head of the Russian National Central Bureau of Interpol , stated `` Certainly , there is crime involving our former compatriots abroad , but there is no data suggesting that an organized structure of criminal groups comprising former Russians exists abroad '' , while in August 2010 , Alain Bauer , a French criminologist , said that it `` is one of the best structured criminal organizations in Europe , with a quasi-military operation . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4cf5463f79d83bc068344eb9d400154", "text": "Double Suicide is a 1969 film directed by Masahiro Shinoda . It is based on the 1721 play The Love Suicides at Amijima by Monzaemon Chikamatsu . This play is often performed in the bunraku style ( that is , with puppets ) . In the film , the story is performed with live actors , but also makes use of Japanese theatrical traditions such as the kuroko ( stagehands dressed entirely in black ) who invisibly interact with the actors , and the set is non-realist . The film opens with the preparations by the kuroko for a modern-day presentation of a puppet play while a voice-over is heard of someone , presumably the director , calling on the telephone to find a location for the penultimate scene of the lovers ' suicide . Soon human actors are substituted for the puppets , and the action proceeds in a naturalistic fashion , until from time to time the kuroko intervene to accomplish scene shifts or heighten the dramatic intensity of the two lovers ' resolve to be united in death . The stylized sets and the period costumes and props simultaneously convey a classical theatricality and contemporaneous modernity . Jihei 's fatal love interest , Koharu the prostitute , and his neglected wife , Osan , are both played by actress Shima Iwashita . This film was released on DVD in Japanese with English subtitles in Region 1 on 30 January 2001 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e5d35e3c86d9bbd3b173201aad62fd9e", "text": "Boris Shtokolov Boris Timofeyevich Shtokolov ( Бори́с Тимофе́евич Што́колов March 19 , 1930 -- January 6 , 2005 ) was a famous Soviet and Russian singer , one of the greatest basses of the 20th century . Boris Shtokolov was born in the settlement of Kuzedeyevo in Gorno-Shorsky District of Kuznetsk Okrug in Siberian Krai ( now in Novokuznetsky District of Kemerovo Oblast ) . In 1949 , he entered the Ural State Conservatory in Sverdlovsk ( now Yekaterinburg ) but wanted to become a military pilot . Georgy Zhukov , having heard his singing , said : `` There are many guys like you in aviation , but in opera singing you are unique '' . In 1950 and 1951 , he was singing at the Sverdlovsk Philharmonic Society before he became a soloist at the Sverdlovsk Opera and Ballet Theater . In 1959 , he was invited to the Mariinsky Theater in Leningrad ( now St. Petersburg ) where he gained world fame as a leading soloist from 1959 to 1989 . At the Mariinsky Theater he sang a great number of roles , such as Ruslan , Don Basilio , Boris Godunov , Ivan Susanin , the title role in Anton Rubinstein 's The Demon , Prince Gremin , Mefistofele , and many others . He died on 6 January 2005 in St. Petersburg , and was buried at the Literatorskie Mostki of the Volkovo Cemetery . Boris Shtokolov was also a prominent theorist of opera singing and respiration techniques . In 1995 , he published a book Burn , Burn , My Star : How to Sing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5531049afbcda49a812771e4a71d4830", "text": "Colonel March of Scotland Yard Colonel March of Scotland Yard is a 1950s British television series based on author John Dickson Carr 's ( aka Carter Dickson ) fictional detective Colonel March from his book The Department of Queer Complaints ( 1940 ) . Carr was a mystery author who specialised in locked-room whodunnits and other ` impossible ' crimes : murder mysteries that seemed to defy possibility . The stories of the television series followed in the same vein with Detective March solving cases that baffle Scotland Yard and the British police . The department itself is sometimes referred to as `` D3 '' . Boris Karloff starred as Colonel March . The series was made at Southall Studios in Middlesex , England ( and , later , Nettlefold Studios in Walton-on-Thames , England ) was produced by Fountain Films for ITV . Karloff and his wife Evelyn sailed to England in July , 1952 , where Karloff filmed 3 different pilot episodes to show TV executives . While awaiting a decision to go ahead with more episodes , the three pilots were combined into a 1953 feature film called Colonel March Investigates . In 1953 , Karloff returned to England to film 23 more episodes , making a total of 26 , then returned to Hollywood to film Abbott and Costello Meet Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde ( 1953 ) . The Colonel March series premiered in 1956 with a total of 26 episodes . ( It was broadcast from Feb. 1 , 1956 through April 1 , 1957 , which included a number of rerun episodes . ) It began running in the United States in February , seven months before British viewers got to see it . The show starred Boris Karloff as the urbane , tweed wearing , eye-patched sleuth . No reason was ever given for the loss of his left eye . ( In some close-ups , it is evident that Karloff sometimes wore an eyepatch with a dark gauze area in the centre , presumably to allow him to still see through it . ) Other regular actors included Ewan Roberts as Inspector Ames of Scotland Yard and Eric Pohlmann as Inspector Goron of the Paris Sûreté . ( In the episode The Second Mona Lisa , Pohlmann played a Middle Eastern character called The Emir . ) Roberts ' Scottish accent grows stronger as the series progresses from plummy English in the first dozen episodes to full on Scottish burr for the second dozen . Only twelve episodes of the series still exist as prints in the original 35 mm format , with the rest surviving at 16 mm prints . Although he is referred to on numerous websites including IMDb as Perceval March , the name on his office door clearly states `` D3 Colonel A. L. March '' . In the episode The Silver Curtain , March tells a doctor that his first names are `` Perceval Clovis Adlebare '' although he is stalling to gain information from the doctor . He then says his occupation is the study of unusual crime , which is true , so that could also be admitting his real name . This may explain why in a later episode , Hot Money , the sign on the door was changed to read `` D. 3 . COL. MARCH '' . The opening title sequence showed Colonel March taking off his coat in his office and writing the title of each episode in a book . This then dissolves to an image of an object from within the following story , what Alfred Hitchcock would call a MacGuffin , a fairly unimportant plot device that starts the story rolling and/or keeps it moving along . Often it 's a murder weapon or an item of clothing . Sometimes its relevance is a mystery until it is revealed later in the episode . Other episodes , such as in The Headless Hat , show the item that the episode is named after . The episodes The Talking Head uses the complete version of the original theme tune during the end credits . It was usually truncated and faded up whilst some way through . The show 's slightly mysterious and threatening theme tune was changed for the episodes Error at Daybreak and The Silver Curtain to a piece of jaunty , faster paced music that had originally been used in previous episodes to accompany shots of a busy city . Other guest actors in the series include Christopher Lee , Patrick Barr , Hugh Griffith , Marne Maitland ( twice ) , Joan Sims , Anthony Newley , Patricia Owens , George Coulouris , Anton Diffring , Martin Benson , Zena Marshall , Mary Parker and Robert Brown . The episode Death and the Other Monkey features a small acting part by future film director John Schlesinger as a Dutch ship 's captain . The episode Error at Daybreak features a performance from the then 10 year old actor Richard O'Sullivan who later went on to star in Robin 's Nest and several other ITV series . As of July 2016 all 26 episodes we available for streaming on the UK Amazon Prime platform . As of September 2016 the series was being screened on UK television channels Talking Pictures TV and London Live .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "77bdb92c7fe054ca2296745561d24aaa", "text": "Georgiy Taratorkin Georgiy Georgievich Taratorkin ( Георгий Георгиевич Тараторкин 11 January 1945 -- 4 February 2017 ) was a Soviet-Russian film and stage actor who appeared in 25 films between 1967 and 2017 . He was the Secretary of the Union of Theatre Workers of the Russian Federation and President of the Association Golden Mask . Taratorkin died following a prolonged illness on 4 February 2017 at the age of 72 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "803223f0ffe6e766e59a53698cd9fc5a", "text": "From the House of the Dead From the House of the Dead ( Z mrtvého domu in Czech ) is an opera by Leoš Janáček , in three acts . The libretto was translated and adapted by the composer from the 1862 novel by Dostoyevsky . It was the composer 's last opera , premiered on 12 April 1930 in Brno , two years after his death . Janáček worked on this opera from February 1927 to 8 June 1928 , knowing that it would be his last , and for it he broke away from the habit he had developed of creating characters modeled on his love interest Kamila Stösslová , although the themes of loneliness and isolation can clearly be seen as a response to her indifference to his feelings . There is only one female character , and the setting , a Siberian prison , presents a large ensemble cast instead of one or several prominent leads . There is no narrative to the work as a whole , but individual characters narrate episodes in their lives , and there is a `` play-within-a-play '' in Act 2 . From the House of the Dead was virtually finished when Janáček died . Two of his students , believing the orchestration was incomplete , `` filled out '' large portions of the score and adapted the ending to be more optimistic in tone . In addition to the work of Břetislav Bakala and Osvald Chlubna , Ota Zitek made changes to the text and sequence of events in the opera . Decades later , a version closer to the composer 's intentions superseded that version , and it is the one most often heard today . Some productions , however , still use the earlier version 's ending to lessen the bleakness of the story . The opera requires a vast orchestra , including chains as a percussion instrument to evoke the sound of the prisoners . The words of prisoners ' songs from the Dostoyevsky are used in full or in part by Janáček . An arrangement in the form of a suite of the opera by conductor František Jílek has been performed by Brno State Philharmonic Orchestra .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b470a1d82b4c6f84cfa7a9b04594db76", "text": "Boris Kabishev Boris Dmitrievich Kabishev ( Russian : Борис Дмитриевич Кабишев ; 17 October 1922-5 December 1998 ) was a Soviet Air Defence Forces ( PVO ) Lieutenant general and Hero of the Soviet Union . Kabishev flew the Ilyushin Il-2 in combat from July 1943 , making 112 sorties and shooting down an enemy aircraft . For these actions he received the title Hero of the Soviet Union . After the war Kabishev held command positions in the Soviet Air Force and graduated from the Air Force Academy and Military Academy of the General Staff . After graduation from the Military Academy of the General Staff , Kabishev led the 3rd Air Defense Corps and 11th Air Defence Army , as well as advising the Polish Country Air Defence Force . Before retirement in 1980 , Kabishev served as the deputy commander of the PVO for combat training . After retirement , Kabishev lived in Moscow and worked at the USSR State Committee for Hydrometeorology .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e1f6945a3468fd7f63bf395e3a98a573", "text": "Boris Rosing Boris Lvovich Rosing ( Бори́с Льво́вич Ро́зинг ( April 23 , 1869 ( old style , May 5 , 1869 , new style ) . -- April 20 , 1933 ) was a Russian scientist and inventor in the field of television .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "16084ad0ec848cc03fd1a6ddcce41cba", "text": "Property of the Republic Property of the Republic ( -LSB- Достоя́ние респу́блики , Dostoyanie respubliki -RSB- ) is a 1971 Soviet two-part adventure film directed by Vladimir Bychkov . Detective story takes place during the Civil War in Russia . The picture was the 44th most attended domestic film in the Soviet Union .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b6c7227f4144a691129d96957fbf6c55", "text": "Norman Borisoff Norman Borisoff ( April 16 , 1918 -- April 21 , 2013 ) was an American television writer , Award-winning scriptwriter , and a young adult novelist .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d93feea4adcee192e39ac311f8f0d7c3", "text": "Simón Bolívar (1969 film) Simón Bolívar is a 1969 Spanish drama film directed by Alessandro Blasetti . It was entered into the 6th Moscow International Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d7962a01436f911a28e75d15bda5ebde", "text": "Orthodox Marxism Orthodox Marxism is the body of Marxist thought that emerged following the death of Karl Marx which became the official philosophy of the socialist movement as represented in the Second International until the First World War . Orthodox Marxism aims to simplify , codify and systematize Marxist methodology and theory , ironing out the perceived ambiguities and contradictions of Classical Marxism . The `` orthodoxy '' in orthodox Marxism specifically refers to the methodology of historical materialism and dialectical materialism employed and not to any of the normative aspects inherent to classical Marxism . `` Orthodox '' does not imply adherence to the results of Marx 's own investigations . The fundamental characteristics of orthodox Marxism include the understanding that material development ( advances in technology in the productive forces ) is the primary agent of change in the structure of society and human social relations , and that social systems and their relations ( e.g. : feudalism , capitalism , etc. ) become increasingly contradictory and inefficient as the productive forces advance , resulting in some form of social revolution arising in response to these mounting contradictions . This revolutionary change serves as the vehicle for fundamental society-wide changes and ultimately leads to the emergence of new economic systems .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "05bca00cc403543682d50387f7dfbee2", "text": "Nikolai Leskov Nikolai Semyonovich Leskov was a Russian novelist , short-story writer , playwright , and journalist , who also wrote under the pseudonym M. Stebnitsky . Praised for his unique writing style and innovative experiments in form , and held in high esteem by Leo Tolstoy , Anton Chekhov and Maxim Gorky among others , Leskov is credited with creating a comprehensive picture of contemporary Russian society using mostly short literary forms . His major works include Lady Macbeth of Mtsensk ( 1865 ) ( which was later made into an opera by Shostakovich ) , The Cathedral Clergy ( 1872 ) , The Enchanted Wanderer ( 1873 ) , and The Tale of Cross-eyed Lefty from Tula and the Steel Flea ( 1881 ) . Leskov received his formal education at the Oryol Lyceum . In 1847 Leskov joined the Oryol criminal court office , later transferring to Kiev , where he worked as a clerk , attended university lectures , mixed with local people , and took part in various student circles . In 1857 Leskov quit his job as a clerk and went to work for the private trading company Scott & Wilkins owned by Alexander Scott , his aunt 's English husband . His literary career began in the early 1860s with the publication of his short story The Extinguished Flame ( 1862 ) , and his novellas Musk-Ox ( May 1863 ) and The Life of a Peasant Woman ( September , 1863 ) . His first novel No Way Out was published under the pseudonym M. Stebnitsky in 1864 . From the mid-1860s to the mid-1880s Leskov published a wide range of works , including journalism , sketches , short stories , and novels . Leskov 's major works , many of which continue to be published in modern versions , were written during this time . A number of his later works were banned because of their satirical treatment of the Russian Orthodox Church and its functionaries . Leskov died on 5 March 1895 , aged 64 , and was interred in the Volkovo Cemetery in Saint Petersburg , in the section reserved for literary figures .", "title": "" } ]	fever
959fb93d9340c7b13ae1f245a8fc73b3	There Will Be Blood is a published work.	[ { "docid": "017e2bdf65f8671912a03aaebb8d62cd", "text": "There Will Be Blood There Will Be Blood is a 2007 American epic historical drama film written and directed by Paul Thomas Anderson and starring Daniel Day-Lewis and Paul Dano . The film was inspired by Upton Sinclair 's novel Oil ! . It tells the story of a silver miner-turned-oilman ( Day-Lewis ) on a ruthless quest for wealth during Southern California 's oil boom of the late 19th and early 20th centuries . Kevin J. O'Connor , Ciarán Hinds , and Dillon Freasier are also featured in the film . There Will Be Blood received significant critical praise , with the performance of Day-Lewis as Daniel Plainview receiving widespread acclaim . Other qualities of the film , such as its cinematography , direction , and screenplay , were also lauded and received numerous awards and nominations . It premiered at the Berlin International Film Festival , where it won the Silver Bear Award for Best Director and a Special Artistic Contribution Award for Jonny Greenwood 's score . It also appeared on many critics ' `` top ten '' lists for the year , notably the American Film Institute , the National Society of Film Critics , the National Board of Review , and the Los Angeles Film Critics Association . Day-Lewis won Oscar , BAFTA , Golden Globe , Screen Actors Guild , NYFCC and IFTA Best Actor awards for his performance , cementing his position as one of the most acclaimed actors of his generation . The film was nominated for eight Academy Awards , including Best Picture , winning Best Actor for Day-Lewis and Best Cinematography for Robert Elswit . There Will Be Blood is now widely regarded as one of the greatest films of the 2000s , and was among the highest-ranking 21st century films in the British Film Institute 's 2012 Sight & Sound polls .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "59ea595cad68af3fd7833fba19d14e6f", "text": "Blood Upon the Rose Blood Upon the Rose : Easter 1916 : The Rebellion that Set Ireland Free is a 2009 graphic novel written and illustrated by Irish author Gerry Hunt and published by O'Brien Press . The novel was the first to depict the events of the 1916 Easter Rising in Dublin by Irish Nationalists in comic form , and has been praised for avoiding artistic licence when re-telling the story and for the extensive research that was done to maintain factual authenticity , despite a ` strong pro-Republican bias ' . It covers the Rising from its planning stages through to the executions of its leaders , although it has been criticised for being too short , with significant events that occurred during the 1916 Easter week not having ` space to breathe ' . The title comes from a poem by Joseph Plunkett , who was married a few hours before his execution for his involvement as one of the leaders of the Rising .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da321c0d37dd34d064a313286ff15be8", "text": "List of The New York Times Manga Best Sellers The New York Times Best Seller list for manga published in the United States was introduced on March 5 , 2009 , along with two additional lists for hardcover and paperback graphic novels . The three lists are grouped under the `` Graphic Books '' category . Deborah Hoffman , an editor for the Best Seller lists , explained that the term `` Graphic Books '' was selected to create an `` inclusive and expansive '' list which can extend to works of both fiction and non-fiction . Journalist George Gustines announced , in his introduction of the new lists , `` Comics have finally joined the mainstream . '' The announcement was made the week the film Watchmen , based on the comic book of the same name , was released in movie theaters throughout the U.S. . The Best Seller lists are printed weekly in The New York Times Book Review magazine , which is published in the Sunday edition of The New York Times and as a stand-alone publication . Gustines explained the methodology used to determine the rankings : Rankings reflect sales of graphic novels -LSB- ... -RSB- at many thousands of venues where a wide range of books are sold nationwide . These include hundreds of independent book retailers ( statistically weighted to represent all such outlets ) ; national , regional and local chains ; online and multimedia entertainment retailers ; university , gift , supermarket , discount department stores and newsstands . In addition , these rankings also include unit sales reported by retailers nationwide that specialize in graphic novels and comic books . On multiple occasions , manga have been listed outside its designated list . Mike Kiley , then-Senior Vice President of the publisher Tokyopop , explained in 2010 that it has become more difficult to draw a distinguishing line between works that are manga and manga-inspired , such as Korean manhwa and American original English language ( OEL ) manga . A Drifting Life , an autobiographical manga by Yoshihiro Tatsumi , appeared on the May 3 , 2009 , Best Seller list for paperback graphic novels , where it ranked third . X-Men : Misfits , an original English manga based on the X-Men comic book franchise , ranked fifth at its debut on the August 30 , 2009 , paperback graphic novels list , and stayed on the chart for five consecutive weeks . The first volume of a manhwa adaptation of the popular vampire-themed Twilight novels by Stephenie Meyer remained on the hardcover graphic novels Best Seller list for 27 consecutive weeks in 2010 . In January 2017 , the Times decided to stop producing the separate manga best seller list .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "83a3560f4302c3e99e66c3ee4eda1d2c", "text": "DNA Publications DNA Publications was an American publishing company which existed from 1993 to 2007 and was run by the husband-and wife team of Warren Lapine and Angela Kessler , who met at a science fiction convention in Virginia . Initially based in Massachusetts , DNA Publications relocated to Radford , Virginia . As of 2004 it was the second-largest genre magazine publisher in the US . Its first publication , in 1993 , was the magazine Harsh Mistress , which Lapine produced in collaboration with Kevin Rogers and Tim Ballon . DNA Publication distributed or published Aboriginal SF , Absolute Magnitude , Artemis , Dreams of Decadence , Fantastic Stories , Mythic Delirium , The Official KISS Magazine , Science Fiction Chronicle , and The Whole Cat Journal . It also published the book imprints Spyre Books and Wilder Publications . For their work on the magazines , DNA Publications was a 2000 World Fantasy Award nominee , in the `` special award : professional '' category . Absolute Magnitude was a 2002 Hugo Award nominee in the semiprozine category . Notable authors published by the DNA Publications magazines include Chris Bunch , Hal Clement , Harlan Ellison , Alan Dean Foster , and Allen Steele . DNA Publications collapsed in early 2007 . Weird Tales had been bought in 2005 by Wildside Press and Mythic Delirium , which parted with DNA Publications around the same time . Wilder Publications is now part of Tir Na Nog Press .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "56242e0093da790a99979f4a78fc2eff", "text": "Bloodletting Press Bloodletting Press was launched in 2002 by Larry Roberts to publish works in the horror genre specifically for the collector 's market , producing low print run limited editions intended for collectors and unique heirloom Lettered Editions for the high-end collectors . They were originally located in Modesto , California , but have since relocated to Welches , Oregon . Several of the Lettered Editions have been signed in blood and housed in metal traycases , in one example designed as a trailer complete with working interior lights . The main focus , however , of the press is the Novella Series , Novelette Series , and Chapbook Series . In recent years they have added the Steve Gerlach library , a project to publish his complete works which have been previously only available in his native Australia . Another project is the Jonathan Crowley Library which collects and keeps in print the genre work of James A. Moore . Bloodletting Press is also one of a few small presses that risks putting out new genre authors whose titles having been successful within this context go on to wider mass market publishers , such as Rage , Succulent Prey and The Rutting Season . In 2009 , the Horror Writers Association awarded to Bloodletting Press its Specialty Press Award for their `` outstanding design and production techniques '' in publishing the `` modern masters of the horror field '' . For a time , Bloodletting Press also distributed other small press titles via their website , and in January 2008 with Delirium Books , combined their distribution arms of their individual presses into the Horror Mall . Each press had previously published and distributed their own titles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "28ce39f7b5f3130cd8d89a3e32729b56", "text": "Red Harvest (Bloodsimple album) Red Harvest is the second and final album by New York City Alternative metal band Bloodsimple . It was released on October 30 , 2007 . Will Hunt of the band Dark New Day played drums on this album . Frontman Tim Williams explained that the title of the album is based on the 1929 book of the same name by Dashiell Hammett . `` Dead Man Walking '' was included on the soundtrack of the video game WWE SmackDown vs. Raw 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8459c8f30e481ac2f8552acfdc08d69e", "text": "American Vampire American Vampire is an American Eisner Award-winning comic book series created by writer Scott Snyder and drawn by artist Rafael Albuquerque . The series imagines vampires as a population made up of many different secret species , and charts moments of vampire evolution and inter-species conflict throughout history . The focus of the series is a new American bloodline of vampires , born in the American West in the late 19th century . The first of this new species is a notorious outlaw named Skinner Sweet , who wakes from death , after being infected , to find he has become a new kind of vampire , something stronger and faster than what came before , impervious to sunlight , with a new set of strengths and weaknesses . The series goes on to track his movements through various decades of American history -- along with the movements of his first and only known progeny : Pearl Jones , a young woman working as a struggling actress in the 1920s silent film industry when she is attacked by a coven of European vampires hiding in Hollywood . Sweet saves her ( uncharacteristically ) by giving her his blood , thereby turning her into an American vampire like him , at which point she seeks revenge on the classic vampires who attacked her in life . The complicated and charged relationship Jones has with Sweet is another focus of the series . The first five issues featured two stories -- one by Snyder and the other by Stephen King , both drawn by Rafael Albuquerque . As of the sixth issue , Scott Snyder has taken over as sole writer . American Vampire has spun off two mini-series . The first , `` Survival of the Fittest '' , illustrated by Sean Murphy focuses on the cases files of the V.M.S. , the vampire hunting organization of the series . The second , `` Lord of Nightmares '' , illustrated by Dustin Nguyen further focuses on the mythology presented by Survival of the Fittest . In June 2013 , a one shot co-written by Snyder and Albuquerque ( who also illustrates the 64-page issue ) , entitled `` Long Road to Hell '' which features vampire hunter Travis Kidd , was released .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "56b07f2992880990f8b11811cc51e443", "text": "Blood on the Fields Blood on the Fields is a three-and-a-half-hour jazz oratorio , by Wynton Marsalis . It was commissioned by Lincoln Center and concerns a couple moving from slavery to freedom . It received the 1997 Pulitzer Prize for Music . However , Marsalis 's victory was controversial because according to the Pulitzer guidelines , his work was not eligible . Although a winning work was supposed to have had its first performance during that year , Marsalis ' piece premiered on April 1 , 1994 and its recording , released on Columbia Records , was dated 1995 . Yet , the piece won the 1997 prize . Marsalis ' management had submitted a `` revised version '' of `` Blood on the Fields '' which was `` premiered '' at Yale University after the composer made seven small changes . When asked what would make a revised work eligible , the chairman of that year 's music jury , Robert Ward , said : `` Not a cut here and there ... or a slight revision , '' but rather something that changed `` the whole conception of the piece . '' After being read the list of revisions that were made to the piece , Ward acknowledged that the minor changes should not have qualified it as eligible , but he said that `` the list you had here was not available to us , and we did not discuss it . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c85add2ab9360529adb135bd2985d9b7", "text": "Innocent Blood (novel) Innocent Blood ( 1980 ) is a mystery novel by P. D. James .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6b0775bc64334f7dfb0e37ec35c3ec12", "text": "Blood Brothers (musical) Blood Brothers is a musical with book , lyrics , and music by Willy Russell . The story is a contemporary nature versus nurture plot , revolving around fraternal twins Mickey and Eddie , who were separated at birth and one raised in a wealthy family while the other raised in a poor family . The twins ' different backgrounds take them to opposite ends of the social spectrum , one becoming a councillor and the other unemployed and in prison . They both fall in love with the same girl , causing a tear in their friendship and leading to the tragic death of both brothers . Russell says that his work was based on a one-act play that he read as a child `` about two babies switched at birth ... it became the seed for Blood Brothers . '' Originally developed as a school play , Blood Brothers debuted in Liverpool before Russell transferred it to West End for a short run in 1983 . The musical won the Laurence Olivier Award for Best New Musical and went on to a year-long national tour before returning for a revival in the West End in 1988 where it stayed at the Albery Theatre for 3 years , transferring to the Phoenix Theatre in 1991 . The revival ran for more than 24 years in the West End , and played more than 10,000 performances , becoming the third longest-running musical production in West End history . It finally closed in November 2012 . The musical has been produced with success on tour , on Broadway and elsewhere , and it has developed a cult following .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5f228be9c3f78aca473cf1cdd026677c", "text": "We Were There The We Were There books are a series of historical novels written for children . The series consists of 36 titles , first released between 1955 and 1963 by Grosset & Dunlap . Each book in the series is a fictional retelling of an historical event , featuring one or more children as primary characters . The books were written by a number of different authors , each writing from one to seven of the books ; the authors included Benjamin Appel , Jim Kjelgaard , Earl Schenck Miers , William O. Steele , and others . Each book 's byline also lists a separate `` historical consultant , '' who was a specialist in the historic topic covered by that particular book . The historical consultants were typically college professors or , in the case of war-related stories , retired military officers ; among the more noteworthy consultants for the series were the historians Bruce Catton , Walter Prescott Webb and A. B. Guthrie , Jr. . The books are illustrated with black-and-white line art , with color drawings on the dust jacket . The dust jackets of the original printings of the books describe the series as follows : We Were There books are easy to read and provide exciting , entertaining stories , based upon true historic events . Each story is checked for factual accuracy by an outstanding authority on this particular phase of our history . Though written simply enough for young readers , they make interesting reading for boys and girls well into their teens . The original hardbound editions of the books were followed by several other printings , including editions for book clubs and libraries . The books were later reissued with hardbound picture covers ( using the original dust jacket artwork ) , and softcover editions of some books became available in the 1970s . Three of the books are available from Lamppost Publishers and American Home School Publishers . Most of the original books are available in varying used conditions from various sellers through Amazon , although selection will naturally vary at any given time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0cb1b42e0a949eaf2cee3dadcf286880", "text": "Southern Ontario Gothic Southern Ontario Gothic is a subgenre of the Gothic novel genre and a feature of Canadian literature that comes from Southern Ontario . This region includes Toronto , Southern Ontario 's major industrial cities ( Windsor , London , Hamilton , St. Thomas , Oshawa , St. Catharines ) , and the surrounding countryside . While the genre may also feature other areas of Ontario , Canada , and the world as narrative locales , this region provides the core settings . The term was first used in Graeme Gibson 's Eleven Canadian Novelists ( 1972 ) to recognize an existing tendency to apply aspects of the Gothic novel to writing based in and around Southern Ontario . In an interview with Timothy Findley , Gibson commented that Findley 's novel The Last of the Crazy People shared similarities with the American Southern Gothic genre , to which Findley replied , '' ... sure , it 's Southern Gothic : Southern Ontario Gothic . '' Notable writers of this subgenre include Alice Munro , Margaret Atwood , Robertson Davies , Jane Urquhart , Marian Engel , James Reaney and Barbara Gowdy . Like the Southern Gothic of American writers such as William Faulkner , Flannery O'Connor and Eudora Welty , Southern Ontario Gothic analyzes and critiques social conditions such as race , gender , religion and politics , but in a Southern Ontario context . Southern Ontario Gothic is generally characterized by a stern realism set against the dour small-town Protestant morality stereotypical of the region , and often has underlying themes of moral hypocrisy . Actions and people that act against humanity , logic , and morality all are portrayed unfavourably , and one or more characters may be suffering from some form of mental illness . In a review of Alice Munro 's Dear Life for Quill & Quire , literary critic James Grainger writes that `` Violence , illness , and reputations ruined by a single indiscretion are accepted in Munro 's secretive , repressed communities as a kind of levelling mechanism , rough justice for those who dare to strive for something finer . '' The Gothic novel has traditionally examined the role of evil in the human soul , and has incorporated dark or horrific imagery to create the desired setting . Some ( but not all ) writers of Southern Ontario Gothic use supernatural or magic realist elements ; a few deviate from realism entirely , in the manner of the fantastical gothic novel . Virtually all dwell to a certain extent upon the grotesque . Notable works of the genre include Davies ' Deptford Trilogy , Findley 's Headhunter , Atwood 's Alias Grace and The Blind Assassin , and Munro 's Selected Stories . The genre has been criticised as having `` little or nothing to distinguish it from everyday , garden-variety type realism . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d18ea5dee301eff8ada90b1cb9ef9368", "text": "List of Earl Cain chapters The chapters of Earl Cain are written and illustrated by Kaori Yuki . The series consists of five parts or `` Series '' : , , , , and the sequel series . The manga debuted in the December 1991 issue of the Japanese manga magazine Bessatsu Hana to Yume , and it was eventually transferred to Hana to Yume , where it ran until the seventeenth issue . The chapters of Forgotten Juliet , The Sound of a Boy Hatching , Kafka , and The Seal of the Red Ram were published in five tankōbon volumes by Hakusensha from July 17 , 1992 , to October 1994 . The chapters of the sequel series , Godchild , ran in Hana to Yume from 2001 to 2004 , and were published in eight volumes by Hakusensha from November 19 , 2001 , to January 19 , 2004 . Together , the series spans 13 volumes . Hakusensha later published chapters from Forgotten Juliet , The Sound of a Boy Hatching , Kafka , and The Seal of the Red Ram in two volumes from December 20 , 2004 , to January 28 , 2005 . Hakusensha re-released the series in bunkoban format from July 15 , 2009 , to March 16 , 2010 . Set in 19th-century England , the series focuses on a young earl named Cain Hargreaves who solves murders while encountering his father 's secret organization , which experiments with reviving the dead . Earl Cain is licensed for English-language release in North America by Viz Media , which published Forgotten Juliet , The Sound of a Boy Hatching , Kafka , and The Seal of the Red Ram as The Cain Saga and a prequel to Godchild . Viz published The Cain Saga from October 3 , 2006 , to June 5 , 2007 . Godchild was released simultaneously from March 7 , 2006 , to February 5 , 2008 , as well as being serialized in Viz 's Shojo Beat anthology from July 2005 to June 2006 . Earl Cain is also licensed in Taiwan by Tong Li Comics , in Germany by Carlsen Comics , in Italy by Planet Manga , in Sweden by Bonnier Carlsen , in Spain by Glénat , and in France by Editions Tonkam .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4197a4b16f31acb0ac6997be73669dc8", "text": "Black Lawrence Press Black Lawrence Press is an independent publishing company founded in upstate New York . It was an imprint of Dzanc Books from 2008 to 2013 . It hosts the Big Moose Prize for the novel , the Hudson Prize and the St. Lawrence Book Award . In addition to fiction and poetry , it also publishes French and German translations . The executive editor is Diane Goettel and the senior editor is Angela Leroux-Lindsey , who also manages The Adirondack Review . Contemporary authors published by Black Lawrence include Mary Biddinger , Louella Bryant Daniel Chacón , B. C. Edwards , Rachel Galvin , Eric Gamalinda , Yvan Goll , Carol Guess , Michael Hemmingson , Hardy Jones , Lawrence Matsuda , Laura McCullough , Daniele Pantano , Pascale Petit , Kevin Pilkington , David Rigsbee , Ron Savage , Anis Shivani , Jen Michalski , and Erica Wright . Pilkington 's `` The Unemployed Man Who Became A Tree '' is a finalist for the 2012 Kessler Poetry Book Award . The press has also published the first English translation of Yvan Goll 's Traumkraut and a collection of previously untranslated poems by Robert Walser . Black Lawrence press published Louella Bryant 's `` While in Darkness There is Light : Idealism and Tragedy on an Australian Commune , '' an account of the 1974 death of Charlie Dean ( brother of future American Presidential candidate Howard Dean ) that drew national attention to the story of the younger Dean 's disappearance .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca9e7c60c83501d1abbe9b61c332a6c4", "text": "The Last Dangerous Visions The Last Dangerous Visions is a mooted sequel to the science fiction short story anthologies Dangerous Visions and Again , Dangerous Visions , originally published in 1967 and 1972 respectively . Like the first two , it was scheduled to be edited by Harlan Ellison . The projected third collection was started but , controversially , is yet to be finished . It has become something of a legend in science fiction as the genre 's most famous unpublished book . It was originally announced for publication in 1973 , but other work demanded Ellison 's attention , and the anthology has not seen print to date . He has come under criticism for his treatment of some writers who submitted their stories to him , who some estimate to number nearly 150 . Many of these writers have since died . Various difficulties delayed publication many times . As recently as May 2007 , Ellison said he still wants to get the book out . British author Christopher Priest , whose story `` An Infinite Summer '' had been accepted for the collection , wrote a lengthy critique of Ellison 's failure to complete the LDV project . It was first published by Priest as a one-shot fanzine called The Last Deadloss Visions , a pun on the title of Priest 's own fanzine , Deadloss . It proved so popular that it had a total of three printings in the UK and later , in book form , as the 1995 Hugo Award nominated The Book on the Edge of Forever ( an allusion to Ellison 's Star Trek episode , `` The City on the Edge of Forever '' ) by American publisher Fantagraphics Books . The essay is available online at the Internet Archive mirror of the original site .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8ae21581df5918137f10d20d1e84e612", "text": "The Colour of Blood The Colour of Blood , published in 1987 , is a political thriller by Northern Irish-Canadian novelist Brian Moore about Stephen Bem , a Cardinal in an unnamed East European country who is in conflict with the Roman Catholic Church hierarchy and finds himself caught in the middle of an escalating revolution .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "450f092d7a90e41769f26413aaab37a0", "text": "The Ritual (novel) The Ritual is a 2011 British horror novel by Adam Nevill . The book was first released in the United Kingdom on 7 October 2011 through Pan Macmillan and was released in the United States on 14 February 2012 through Macmillan imprint St. Martin 's Griffin . It is Nevill 's third published novel and was followed by his 2012 work Last Days . The Ritual is the winner of the 2012 August Derleth Award for Best Horror Novel . Film rights were optioned by Stillking Films , before the option was passed to Imaginarium , who currently holds the film and TV rights .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "292ae6ff1b368d2559e27141c36fa8b1", "text": "Byrne: A Novel Byrne is the English author Anthony Burgess 's last novel , published posthumously in 1995 . Composed mostly in the same ottava rima stanzas that Byron used for his Don Juan , the story follows the fortunes of Michael Byrne , an Irishman with some Spanish ancestors who settled in Ireland after a war between England 's Royal Navy and the Spanish Armada in the 16th century . He thought he was a kind of living myth And hence deserving of ottima rima , The scheme that Ariosto juggled with , Apt for a lecherous defective dreamer . He 'd have preferred a stronger-muscled smith , Anvilling rhymes amid poetic steam , a Sort of Lord Byron . Byron was long dead . This poetaster had to do instead . A painter and composer whose career is never as spectacular as his ambitions , and a determined womanizer who fathers children across the globe , Byrne becomes embroiled with the Nazi regime in 1930s Germany . A heavy task , but there was light relief In the Germanic ambience , boisterous , brash , Torchlit parades and pogroms , guttural grief In emigration queues , the smash and crash Of pawnshop windows by insentient beef In uniform , the gush of beer , the splash Of schnapps , the joy of being drunk and Aryan , Though Hitler was a teetotalitarian . Eventually he vanishes , presumed dead in Africa . But years later , his twin sons , now middle-aged , one a doubting priest , the other suffering from a debilitating disease , receive from Byrne , who is still alive , an invitation to London , where he will read his last will and testament .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c1f9c107e13333d9f9d04eec23d8acba", "text": "Manuscript (publishing) `` Manuscript '' is a broad concept in publishing , that can about one or both : the formatting of a short story manuscript , an accepted manuscript ( by its merit not its format ) , not yet in a final format ( but reviewed ) , published with non-final-format in ahead , as preprint . A manuscript is the work that an author submits to a publisher , editor , or producer for publication . Even with the advent of desktop publishing , making it possible for anyone to prepare text that appears professionally typeset , many publishers still require authors to submit manuscripts within their respective guidelines .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "266d4d8f9203bdb8b05bf88df0b27734", "text": "Bloodtide (novel) Bloodtide is a youth-fiction novel by Melvin Burgess , first published by Andersen Press Limited in 1999 . It is based upon the first part of the Icelandic `` Volsunga Saga '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "047d599d2ec32974ee18502ce472c8a8", "text": "Trinity Blood is a series of Japanese light novels written by Sunao Yoshida with illustrations by Thores Shibamoto and originally serialized in The Sneaker . Set 900 years after an apocalyptic war between humans and vampires , the series focuses on the ongoing cold war between the Vatican , the human government , and the `` New Human Empire '' , the government of the vampiric Methuselah . Fighting on the Vatican 's side is Abel Nightroad , a Crusnik - a vampire that feeds on vampires . The novels blend science fiction , fantasy , and political intrigue , with some in the Vatican and the Empire striving for peace , and the Rosen Kreuz Order doing anything in its power to stop it . Trinity Blood has been adapted into both manga and anime series , with continuity differences between the three versions . His friend Yasui aided in completing the manga , with illustrations by Kiyo Kujō . The anime series , spanning 24 episodes , was produced by Gonzo and originally aired on WOWOW network .", "title": "" } ]	fever
efe292f4454584180a1610f35c218f44	Aaliyah's birth place was New York.	[ { "docid": "886cadfd65e5b34ebb8495653bb4a22b", "text": "Aaliyah Aaliyah Dana Haughton ( -LSB- ɑ : ˈliːə -RSB- January 16 , 1979 -- August 25 , 2001 ) was an American singer , actress , and model . She was born in Brooklyn , New York , and raised in Detroit , Michigan . At the age of 10 , she appeared on the television show Star Search and performed in concert alongside Gladys Knight . At age 12 , Aaliyah signed with Jive Records and her uncle Barry Hankerson 's Blackground Records . Hankerson introduced her to R. Kelly , who became her mentor , as well as lead songwriter and producer of her debut album , Age Ai n't Nothing but a Number . The album sold three million copies in the United States and was certified double platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) . After facing allegations of an illegal marriage with R. Kelly , Aaliyah ended her contract with Jive and signed with Atlantic Records . Aaliyah worked with record producers Timbaland and Missy Elliott for her second album , One in a Million , which sold 3 million copies in the United States and over eight million copies worldwide . In 2000 , Aaliyah appeared in her first film , Romeo Must Die . She contributed to the film 's soundtrack , which spawned the single `` Try Again '' . The song topped the Billboard Hot 100 solely on airplay , making Aaliyah the first artist in Billboard history to achieve this goal . `` Try Again '' earned Aaliyah a Grammy Award nomination for Best Female R&B Vocalist . After completing Romeo Must Die , Aaliyah filmed her role in Queen of the Damned . She released her third and final album , Aaliyah , in July 2001 . On August 25 , 2001 , Aaliyah and eight others were killed in a plane crash in the Bahamas after filming the music video for the single `` Rock the Boat '' . The pilot , Luis Morales III , was unlicensed at the time of the accident and toxicology tests revealed that he had traces of cocaine and alcohol in his system . Aaliyah 's family later filed a wrongful death lawsuit against Blackhawk International Airways , which was settled out of court . Aaliyah 's music has continued to achieve commercial success with several posthumous releases . Aaliyah has sold an estimated 24 to 32 million albums worldwide . She has been credited for helping redefine contemporary R&B , pop and hip hop , earning her the nicknames `` Princess of R&B '' and `` Queen of Urban Pop '' . She is listed by Billboard as the tenth most successful female R&B artist of the past 25 years and 27th most successful R&B artist in history .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "a8ffb7ce9c42d7a428fda7583f9d44e0", "text": "Ashanti (singer) Ashanti Shequoiya Douglas ( born October 13 , 1980 ) , known simply as Ashanti , is an American singer , songwriter , record producer , dancer and actress . Ashanti is known for her eponymous debut album , which featured the hit song `` Foolish '' , and sold over 505,000 copies in its first week of release throughout the U.S. in April 2002 . In 2003 , the self-titled debut album won Ashanti her first Grammy Award for Best Contemporary R&B album . Her second release achieved a platinum certification and other top 10 singles . Ashanti wrote and sang background on Jennifer Lopez 's `` Ai n't It Funny ( Murder Remix ) '' , which reached number one on Billboard Hot 100 , which was also in the top 10 chart at the same time as `` Foolish '' , `` Always on Time '' ( with Ja Rule ) , and `` What 's Luv ? '' ( with Fat Joe ) . Later that year , she was acclaimed as the `` Princess Of Hip-Hop & R&B '' by her label and capped off her successful debut by winning eight Billboard awards and two American Music Awards . Ashanti cites Whitney Houston , Janet Jackson , Prince , Madonna , Tupac Shakur , Mary J. Blige , Ella Fitzgerald , Smokey Robinson , Donna Summer , and Blue Magic as her musical influences . Since 2013 , she is currently working on her own publishing company titled Written Entertainment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "83144802c60259e91bff4f72aaf1a94c", "text": "92nd Street Y 92nd Street Y ( 92Y ) is a multifaceted cultural institution and community center located on the Upper East Side of Manhattan in New York City , USA , at the corner of East 92nd Street and Lexington Avenue . Its full name is 92nd Street Young Men 's and Young Women 's Hebrew Association ( YM-YWHA ) . It is not part of the YMCA .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f692c6230916697ddbc3bbbb6ee1cadd", "text": "New York: A Love Story New York : A Love Story is the debut studio album by American R&B singer Mack Wilds . It was released on September 30 , 2013 , by Louder Than Life and RED Distribution . The album features guest appearances from Method Man , Raekwon and Doug E. Fresh . The album was nominated for Best Urban Contemporary Album at the 56th Grammy Awards , which was held on January 26 , 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "71ffc98b2a1e3faf8dc6f62b0ef502ee", "text": "The New Americans The New Americans is a seven-hour American documentary , produced by Kartemquin Films , that was originally broadcast on American television over three nights on the Public Broadcasting Service ( PBS ) in late March 2004 . The observational documentary , which includes minimal voice-over narration and very little direct interviewing of its subjects ( and none in which the interviewer 's voice is heard ) , follows the lives of a series of immigrants to the United States over the course of four years . The series was filmed between 1998 and 2001 , although not all of its subjects were filmed during that entire length of time . The immigrants were filmed both in their countries of origin before immigrating as well as in the United States . The filming during this period was extensive and occurred in the subjects ' homes , at their places of work , in government offices , and in a number of other situations , many of them quite intimate . As a result , The New Americans offers an unusually personal and comprehensive look at the people it profiles . The immigrants profiled and filmed in The New Americans include a group of baseball players from the Dominican Republic hoping to secure a career in Major League Baseball ; a computer programmer from India and his wife ; a family with six children from a farming community in the state of Guanajuato , Mexico ; a family of Ogoni refugees from Nigeria ; and a woman from Palestine who moves to the United States to be with her new husband , a first-generation Palestinian-American who grew up in Chicago . The locations shown in the documentary include not only each of the immigrants ' countries of origin , but also many places in the United States where the immigrants settled or traveled , including Chicago ( the Palestinian and Nigerian immigrants ) , the Silicon Valley of California ( the Indian immigrants ) , Garden City , Kansas and Mecca , California ( the Mexican immigrants ) , and Florida , Georgia and Montana ( the Dominican immigrants ) . The New Americans was executive produced by Steve James ( who also produced the acclaimed 1994 documentary Hoop Dreams ) and Gordon Quinn , both of Kartemquin Films . It was broadcast on PBS as part of the series Independent Lens , in association with the Independent Television Service ( ITVS ) . The program was also broadcast in the United Kingdom on the cable network BBC Four in early April 2004 . Steve James on the making of the New Americans , `` From the beginning , we knew we wanted to tell multiple stories , because every immigrant I 've met has a very rich and varied story to tell about where they come from . We also were excited about the idea of telling these people 's stories before they left their countries so that we could begin to understand these people in their own country before they gave it all up to come here . They 're all facing different problems different dreams , so there 's that diversity too . They 're a nice collection of stories because their differences and similarities . '' Primary funding was provided by the Corporation for Public Broadcasting ( CPB ) . Additional major funding was provided by The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation , the Annie E. Casey Foundation and PBS . Additional funding also came from the National Endowment of the Arts , BBC , Nick Fraser , SBS , TV Australia , and VPRO , The Netherlands . The New Americans is a presentation of ITVS in association with Latino Public Broadcasting ( LPB ) and Asian Women United/National Asian American Telecommunications Association ( NAATA ) . The New Americans won a variety of awards including : The Chicago Award for Best Chicago or Illinois Production , Chicago International Television Competition ( 2004 ) ; Gold Hugo for Best Overall Production , Chicago International Television Competition 2004 -RSB- ; Best Limited Series , Distinguished Documentary Achievement Awards , International Documentary Association ( IDA ) ( 2004 ) ; and the Christopher Award , TV/Cable Category , ( 2005 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "554b971cef706de44f899ac30ffba812", "text": "Radio 4 (band) Radio 4 was an American Dance-punk band based in Brooklyn , New York . Formed in 1999 , they claimed their music is `` made in New York , is about New York , and sounds like New York '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "59d147e834ccc816e6c945f015a459a9", "text": "List of songs recorded by Aaliyah This is a chronological list of officially released songs by the late R&B singer Aaliyah ( 1979 -- 2001 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a4978a6cbe356fb6d637db26db1b7511", "text": "Cuyahoga (song) `` Cuyahoga '' is a song by R.E.M. from their 1986 album Lifes Rich Pageant . It was written primarily by R.E.M. bassist Mike Mills and drummer Bill Berry . It is one of R.E.M. 's earliest environmentally conscious songs , along with the album 's lead single , `` Fall on Me '' . The themes of Cuyahoga include the pollution of the Cuyahoga River in Ohio and the treatment of American Indians earlier in American history . Despite the grim themes , according to R.E.M. biographer David Buckley , the lyrics are `` words of optimism , partnership and community , set against an age of individualism . '' R.E.M. guitarist Peter Buck said of the song that the song `` is a metaphor for America and its lost promises . This is where the Indians were and now look at it . It 's one of the ugliest fucking rivers in the world . '' The song opens with the lines `` Let 's put our heads together and start a new country up , '' which R.E.M. biographer Tony Fletcher describes as sounding like a `` call to arms . '' On the other hand , music writer Craig Rosen feels that the line adds to the song 's optimism . Another line in the song states that `` we 'll burn the river down . '' This line comes from the fact that as early as the 1910s the river was so polluted that one method of cleaning the river was to throw a torch in it and thus burn the pollutants . The river also actually caught fire in 1969 , an event which helped raise awareness of water pollution . This was another inspiration for the song , and for other songs such as Randy Newman 's `` Burn On . '' Newman biographer Kevin Courrier believes that `` Burn On '' was an influence on `` Cuyahoga . '' Buckley describes the melody as `` beautiful '' and the refrain as `` anthemic . '' Musically , `` Cuyahoga '' is propelled by Mills ' bassline . Musician Ken Stringfellow described `` Cuyahoga '' as being `` an anthem , but it 's not self-congratulatory . It 's about what 's gone wrong with our country . It was an anti-anthem in that way . It took on an issue , but it was still unifying and powerful . That 's a hard thing to do well . '' Slant critic Jonathan Keefe noted that even 25 years after the song 's initial release its `` optimism ... is still inspiring and relevant . '' He goes on to note that the song 's message `` reflects an intelligent and decidedly nonpartisan approach to political reconstruction without resorting to ... didacticism . '' Pitchfork Media critic Stephen M. Deusner states that `` With its rousing chorus and pensive bass line , ` Cuyahoga ' mails postcard dispatches from a museum where rivers and plains are artifacts , consigned to diorama and memory rather than reality . '' According to music author Martin Charles Strong , `` Cuyahoga '' ( and `` Fall on Me '' ) showed the band developing `` an assured poise . '' Fletcher described `` Cuyahoga '' as the `` lyrical peak '' of Lifes Rich Pageant . It is one of Mills ' favorite songs and one he particularly enjoys playing live . `` Cuyahoga '' has appeared on several R.E.M. compilation albums , including The Best of R.E.M. in 1991 and And I Feel Fine ... The Best of the I.R.S. Years 1982 -- 1987 in 2006 . It was also included on the live albums R.E.M. Live , Unplugged : The Complete 1991 and 2001 Sessions and Live at the Olympia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1ccec1b92d1c141b81edde97b10c7e5b", "text": "Radio (LL Cool J album) Radio is the debut studio album by American rapper LL Cool J , released November 18 , 1985 on Def Jam Recordings in the United States . It serves as the label 's first full-length album release . Recording sessions for the album took place during 1984 to 1985 at Chung King House of Metal in New York City . The album was primarily produced by Rick Rubin , who provided a sparse and minimal production style . Radio also features a sound that is punctuated by DJ scratching , mostly brief samples , and emphasis of the downbeat . LL Cool J 's b-boy lyricism conveys themes of inner city culture , teenage promiscuity , and braggadocio raps . The album experienced a significant amount of commercial success and sales for a hip hop record at the time , earning U.S. Billboard chart success and selling over 500,000 copies within its first five months of release . On April 19 , 1989 , Radio was certified platinum in sales by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) , following sales in excess of one million copies in the United States . Initial criticism of the album was generally positive , as LL Cool J 's lyricism and Rick Rubin 's production were praised by several music critics . It has since been recognized by critics as LL Cool J 's greatest work . Reflecting the new school and ghettoblaster subculture in the U.S. during the mid-1980s , Radio belongs to a pivotal moment in the history and culture of hip hop . Its success contributed to the displacement of the old school with the new school form and to the genre 's mainstream success during the period . Its success also served as a career breakthrough for LL Cool J and Rick Rubin . Radio has been recognized by music writers as one of the first cohesive and commercially successful hip hop albums .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "24c74b6244e6a6a9ff45a34f7227d335", "text": "Jamaican Americans Jamaican Americans are Americans who have full or partial Jamaican ancestry . The largest proportion of Jamaicans live in New York City , which has various other Caribbean cultural elements such as food and music . There are also communities of Jamaican Americans residing in Philadelphia , Boston , South Florida , Tampa , Los Angeles , Orlando , Baltimore , Washington , D.C. , Atlanta , Cleveland , Western New York , Connecticut , and New Jersey . After 1838 , European colonies in the Caribbean with expanding sugar industries imported large numbers of immigrants to meet their acute labor shortage . Large numbers of Jamaicans were recruited to work in Panama and Costa Rica in the 1850s . After slavery was abolished in the United States in 1865 , American planters imported temporary workers , called `` swallow migrants '' , to harvest crops on an annual basis . These workers , many of them Jamaicans , returned to their countries after harvest . Between 1881 and the beginning of World War I , the United States recruited over 250,000 workers from the Caribbean , 90,000 of whom were Jamaicans , to work on the Panama Canal . During both world wars , the United States again recruited Jamaican men for service on various American bases in the region . The vast majority of Jamaican American are of black Afro-Caribbean descent .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9e4dc96cf1a2c112dd90883b70fca4e6", "text": "Streets of New York (album) Streets of New York ( 2006 ) is the sixth studio album by New York City based singer/songwriter Willie Nile . This is Nile 's tribute to the city that gave him international exposure to the music world through the critical eyes and ears of the New York Times . The album is a tour book of City images ; The tourists , the subway , the West Side , Rivington Street , a circus at Washington Square where one meets Bo Diddley , a Broadway night out with Annie , where we encounter a saddened aging actress whose best years are far behind her . A protest and a chilling reminder of the modern dangers we all face in today 's world . The album is a portrait of the maze of iron , stone , and people that makes New York so unique , while mocking its opulence ; still Nile always finds his way back home to the `` Streets of New York '' . Luke Torn of Uncut magazine wrote : `` Streets of New York is the New-Normal , post-9 / 11 album no-one else dared write - epic and prophetic . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5aadd183c1015b02bbffa242a48c087", "text": "Born to Die Born to Die is the second studio album by American singer and songwriter Lana Del Rey . Her major label debut , it was released on January 27 , 2012 by Interscope Records , Polydor Records and Stranger Records . Del Rey collaborated with producers including Patrik Berger , Jeff Bhasker , Chris Braide , Emile Haynie , Justin Parker , Rick Nowels , Robopop and Al Shux to achieve her desired sound . Their efforts resulted in a primarily baroque pop record , which sees additional influences from alternative hip hop , indie pop and trip hop music . Contemporary music critics gave Born to Die mixed reviews ; some commended its distinctive production , while its repetitiveness and melodramatic tendencies were a recurring complaint . The album debuted at number two on the US Billboard 200 with first-week sales of 77,000 copies ; it was later certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) after moving one million units . Born to Die reached the peak positions on eleven international record charts . After attaining online success after its initial premiere on June 29 , 2011 , `` Video Games '' was released as the lead single from Born to Die on October 17 , 2011 ; it peaked at number ninety-one on the US Billboard Hot 100 . Its follow-up singles `` Born to Die '' , `` Off to the Races '' , `` Blue Jeans '' , `` Summertime Sadness '' , `` National Anthem '' , and `` Dark Paradise '' performed sporadically across Billboard component charts and international record charts . The Cedric Gervais remix of `` Summertime Sadness '' was released on July 11 , 2013 and became Del Rey 's highest-charting single in the United States , reaching number six on the Billboard Hot 100 . Del Rey additionally promoted Born to Die with several televised performances , including a widely criticized appearance on Saturday Night Live . It was reissued on November 9 , 2012 as an expanded version subtitled The Paradise Edition , which was packaged with her third extended play Paradise ( 2012 ) . Born to Die has sold 7,000,000 copies worldwide as of June 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7b2cb9df678d5e1924f82b992ab1d5c6", "text": "Death of Aaliyah Aaliyah Dana Haughton was an American recording artist who was killed in a plane crash on August 25 , 2001 after boarding a twin-engine Cessna 402B at the Marsh Harbour Airport on the Abaco Islands , Bahamas . She had just completed her work for the music video for her single `` Rock the Boat '' . Employees of Virgin Records America accompanied her on the flight . The light aircraft , piloted by Luis Morales III , crashed shortly after takeoff . In addition to Aaliyah , eight other people were killed in the accident . She was 22 years old . The investigation following the crash looked into the possibility that the aircraft was overloaded . Three days after the crash , Aaliyah 's remains were returned to the United States . Her funeral was held August 31 , 2001 in Manhattan . Her death came only a month after the release of her self-titled third album , Aaliyah . Posters for the album became memorials for grieving fans . At her funeral , she was eulogized by her brother Rashad Haughton .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "239bee0279dd76ed42e2920e91323c20", "text": "New Life (Monica album) New Life is the seventh studio album by American recording artist Monica , released by RCA Records on April 6 , 2012 . It marked the singer 's debut release with the company following the disbandment of her former label , J Records in October 2011 . A musical continuation of her commercially successful 2010 album Still Standing , Monica started working on the album only weeks after the release of the former . She reteamed primarily with frequent writers and producers , including Bryan-Michael Cox , Jermaine Dupri , Missy Elliott , and Cainon Lamb but also collaborated with new and upcoming producers such as singer Rico Love , whose songs replaced much of her cousin , producer Polow da Don 's original material . New Life is predominately a contemporary R&B album with major influences of pop and soul that incorporates subtle elements of contemporary urban genres such as gospel , quiet storm , and reggae . The album 's lyrics explore the complexities of romantic relationships and stages of love , much of which was inspired by Monica 's marriage to professional basketball player Shannon Brown and her relocation to Arizona . Guest vocalists on the album are rappers Rick Ross and Wale as well as singer and close friend Mary J. Blige . Entertainer Brandy , who had previously collaborated with Monica on their number-one record `` The Boy Is Mine '' ( 1998 ) , features on the single `` It All Belongs to Me '' . New Life received a mixed reception by critics , many of whom praised Monica 's vocal performances and the album 's trend-detaching nature but found the material too generic and cliché-addled . Upon its release , the album debuted at number four on the US Billboard 200 , and at number two on Billboards Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums chart , selling 69,000 copies . With first month sales of 116,400 copies , New Life sold significantly less than its predecessors . Singles such as `` Anything ( To Find You ) '' and `` Until It 's Gone '' failed to sell or chart noticeably on both the pop and the R&B charts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e3349c056e5d694fd350b0e010a3b8de", "text": "Trinidadian and Tobagonian Americans Trinidadian and Tobagonian Americans ( also known as Trinbagonian Americans ) are Americans of total or partial Trinidadian and Tobagonian ancestry or immigrants born in Trinidad and Tobago . The largest proportion of Trinidadians live in New York City and in other places such as Pennsylvania , Maryland , Florida , New Jersey , and Massachusetts . There are more than 400,000 Trinidadian Americans living in the U.S.", "title": "" }, { "docid": "46caba03c6545c8306c6fc757acb3395", "text": "Gaelic Park The Gaelic Park Sports Centre ( Páirc na nGael ) , often abbreviated Gaelic Park , is a multi-purpose outdoor athletics facility , located at West 240th Street and Broadway in Riverdale , Bronx , in the U.S. state of New York . Since 1926 the grounds has been used as the venue for Gaelic sports in New York , and since its purchase by Manhattan College in 1991 it has hosted numerous American college athletic events . Located just west of Broadway and south and west of Van Cortlandt Park in the northernmost part of the Bronx just south of the city border with Westchester , Gaelic Park was purchased in 1926 by the Gaelic Athletic Association of Greater New York . It has been given a few different names over time including Innisfail Park , but since the 1950s it has gone by its current name , Gaelic Park , a reflection of the park 's decidedly Irish flavor . The park includes a playing field and dance hall . In addition to hurling and football matches , a number of other sporting events take place at Gaelic Park . There are also concerts and dances that feature Irish music both old and new . Beginning with `` Summer ' 69 '' and continuing into the early 1970s , rock concerts were also held there , including the Association , Beach Boys , Gary Puckett and the Union Gap , Eagles , Pete Seeger , Rascals , Irish Rovers , Four Tops , Grateful Dead , Chicago , Edgar Winter , Johnny Winter , Jefferson Airplane , Black Oak Arkansas , Allman Brothers Band , Ten Years After , Yes , ELP , Mountain , Humble Pie and Deep Purple .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1acb055ce28a576e49ba7d95665661ce", "text": "Lisa Daggs Lisa Daggs ( born February 28 , 1965 ) is an American multi-award-winning Christian music singer/songwriter based in Los Angeles , California . In some instances she also goes by the name of Lisa Daggs-Charette . She was born in Los Angeles , California , and was raised in Sacramento by her mother after her parents were divorced when she was ten . Trying to deal with the pressures of her teenage years and her parents ' divorce , she eventually tried to ease her pain by medicating herself with drugs and alcohol .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa5539fba090563418b53c361dd9f2bb", "text": "East Harlem East Harlem , also known as Spanish Harlem or El Barrio , is a neighborhood of Upper Manhattan , New York City roughly encompassing the area north of the Upper East Side and East 96th Street up to about the 140s , east of Fifth Avenue to the East and Harlem Rivers . It lies within Manhattan Community District 11 . Despite its name , it is generally not considered to be a part of Harlem . The neighborhood is one of the largest predominantly Latino communities in New York City , mostly made up of Puerto Ricans , as well as sizeable numbers of Dominican , Cuban and Mexican immigrants . It includes the area formerly known as Italian Harlem , in which the remnants of a once predominantly Italian community remain . The Chinese population has increased dramatically in East Harlem since 2000 . East Harlem has historically suffered from many social issues , such as the highest jobless rate in New York City , teenage pregnancy , AIDS , drug abuse , homelessness , and an asthma rate five times the national average . It has the second highest concentration of public housing in the United States , closely following Brownsville , Brooklyn . Police services to the neighborhood are divided between the 23rd and the 25th Precincts . Conversely , East Harlem is notable for its contributions to Latin freestyle and salsa music . However , East Harlem is now undergoing some gentrification . In February 2016 , East Harlem was one of four neighborhoods featured in an article in The New York Times about `` New York 's Next Hot Neighborhoods '' . Beginning in 2016 , the New York City government was seeking to rezone East Harlem `` to facilitate new residential , commercial , community facility , and manufacturing development . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d88de681f302c478f7b072dcc193ea6e", "text": "Representing NYC Representing NYC is a network of professional artists and educators living and working in Brooklyn , New York City . Representing NYC acts as a bridge between young artists making Hip Hop culture related art work in the context of social services programming in East Brooklyn with a broader cultural milieu socially , culturally , and professionally . Representing NYC executes their mission by fostering collaborations between young artists , social services organizations , and professional arts organizations and artists . Representing NYC helps to produce a series of Hip Hop CDs , a hand silk screened T-shirt line , and two teen radio programs . All of Representing NYC 's youth work is carried out at The Beacon Center for Arts and Leadership in Bushwick , Brooklyn . Its network includes the Social Registry , True Panther Sounds , Sockets CDs , Solid PR , the Bread and Butter Collective , Radio 23 . org , and a number of artists and educators .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "763041e33387355b12f2ea7a347a2815", "text": "Yorktown, New York Yorktown is a town that lies on the north border in Westchester County , New York , in a suburb approximately 38 mi north of midtown Manhattan . The population was 36,081 at the 2010 census .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "11b5afa8c0f2326a17df7e278e750f07", "text": "Dante Ross Dante Ross ( born October 11 , 1967 in San Francisco , California ) is an American music industry executive , A&R representative , and producer . He was named one of the top-25 greatest A&R representatives in hip hop by Complex magazine . Ross started his A&R career at Tommy Boy records , at which he signed and handled the careers of such artists as De La Soul , Queen Latifah , and Digital Underground . Ross was then hired by Elektra Records and was the first person ever hired by a major label to be specifically a hip hop A and R man . Ross became the architect of Elektra Records hip hop roster where he signed acts Brand Nubian , Grand Puba , Pete Rock & C.L Smooth , KMD , Leaders of the New School , Busta Rhymes and Ol' Dirty Bastard . He is currently a SVP of A&R ADA Music the independent distribution company owned by the Warner Music Group . He also serves as SVP of A and R for the newly re-activated Asylum records . Dante Ross was born in San Francisco to political activist parents John Ross and mother Norma . He moved to New York City in 1967 . Ross was raised by his mother raised in New York 's Lower East Side , then a predominately Puerto Rican neighborhood , where his mother was a nursery school teacher . Ross grew up skateboarding , writing graffiti and going to see punk rock shows with teenage friends who would eventually become members of The Beastie Boys , The Cro-Mags and Luscious Jackson . He hung out at Manhattan nightclubs such as The Mudd Clubb , Danceteria and The Roxy nightly while still in High School in the early 80 's . He frequently went to see live music at CBGB 's where he often saw The Bad Brains who befriended a young Ross . Hanging out in NYC 's Lower East Side during the early 80 's Ross became friends with many notable punk and hardcore groups as well as various future creatives . He credits this along with watching his friends The Beastie Boys success with him wanting to work in the music business . Ross entered the music business when he was hired as a messenger at the behest of his friends The Beastie Boys and their road manager Sean Carasov at the newly formed Def Jam Recordings . Ross was mentored by Lyor Cohen and Russell Simmons for several years before going to work as an A&R person at Tommy Boy records . This was followed by an 8-year stint at Elektra where he was considered one of the architects of the golden age of Hip Hop . Ross has been in his career an office messenger , a tour manager , an A&R person , a record producer , a notable songwriter and artist manager . As a producer , Ross was a third of the Stimulated Dummies production team with partners John Gamble and Geeby Dajani . The production team worked with artists such as Brand Nubian , Grand Puba , Leaders Of The New School , 3rd Bass , and Del Tha Funky Homosapien . Gamble and Ross later went on to produce sans Dajani Santana , Everlast ( working on both the multi platinum album Whitey Ford Sings the Blues and the gold follow-up Eat at Whitey 's ) , and many others . Ross earned a Grammy in 1998 for his work on Carlos Santana 's Supernatural . Ross ' production work has also appeared on Eminem 's 8 Mile soundtrack , on which he produced and co-wrote two songs that featured Macy Gray and Young Zee . Ross has also been enlisted for his remixing skills , which have been featured on songs by Korn as well as a plethora of other artists in genres as diverse as Nu metal , Dancehall , Neo-Soul and Hip-Hop . Mr. Ross is credited with signing Lil Dicky and Made in TYO who both were awarded platinum records in 2016 . Ugly God his first signing to the re launched Asylum records was awarded a Gold single in May of 2017 .", "title": "" } ]	fever
153e24659352ad2e63170379d05d3bab	Arnold Schwarzenegger stars in Terminator Genisys.	[ { "docid": "597171e456011125b15dde6f51b7e973", "text": "Terminator Genisys Terminator Genisys is a 2015 American science fiction action film directed by Alan Taylor and written by Laeta Kalogridis and Patrick Lussier . The fifth installment in the Terminator franchise , it serves as a soft reboot to the film series that features the main characters from the first two films , portrayed by a new cast with the exception of Arnold Schwarzenegger , who reprises his role as the eponymous character . The film stars Schwarzenegger , Jason Clarke , Emilia Clarke and Jai Courtney . The plot follows soldier Kyle Reese in the war against Skynet ; Kyle is sent from the year 2029 to 1984 by John Connor , leader of the Human Resistance , to protect Connor 's mother Sarah from Skynet 's android agent . When Kyle arrives in the past , he discovers that the timeline has been altered and Sarah has been raised by his quarry 's reprogrammed facsimile , and must travel to 2017 to stop a dangerous scheme from Skynet and face its advanced enforcer , the T-3000 , with his new allies . Megan Ellison and her production company , Annapurna Pictures , acquired the franchise rights in May 2011 . The following year , production of another installment in the series was set up in collaboration with Skydance Productions ( owned by Ellison 's brother , David ) . The Ellisons consulted Terminator creator James Cameron in the hope of returning to the spirit of the original film , The Terminator , and its sequel , Terminator 2 : Judgment Day . Principal photography was primarily in New Orleans , with some in the on-screen setting of San Francisco . Six companies handled the film 's visual effects ; its prosthetic make-up and animatronics were created by Legacy Effects , a studio founded by Terminator veteran Stan Winston . The film was released by Paramount Pictures on July 1 , 2015 , in standard digital format , RealD 3D , and IMAX 3D . Terminator Genisys was not well received by critics , who found the story and performances unsatisfactory , although Schwarzenegger 's return to the franchise was praised . It grossed over $ 440 million worldwide , making it the second-highest-grossing film of the franchise and Schwarzenegger 's career ( after Terminator 2 : Judgment Day ) .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "458e74911edef516ccb45b2f67df7034", "text": "The Octagon (film) The Octagon is a 1980 action film starring Chuck Norris , Karen Carlson and Lee Van Cleef . It was directed by Eric Karson and written by Paul Aaron and Leigh Chapman . It was filmed in Los Angeles , California and released on August 14 , 1980 . It is notable for its inventive use of ` voice over ' effects to portray the inner life of Chuck Norris 's character , Scott James . This was actor Richard Norton 's film debut .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "90e5d5e14b238003b85ffa0704a3311f", "text": "The Terminator: Rampage The Terminator : Rampage ( also known as just Terminator : Rampage ) is a first-person shooter video game released for the PC by Bethesda Softworks in 1993 . It is the third game based on the Terminator film series that was made by Bethesda , following The Terminator and The Terminator 2029 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "73d42b50b97725d64997d548fe7f8b8b", "text": "Rodney Rowland Rodney G. Rowland ( born February 20 , 1964 ) is an American actor . He is credited as Rod Rowland in more recent productions , given his predilection to being called Rod . Rowland 's most noted appearances to date were as 1st Lieutenant Cooper Hawkes in 1995 's Space : Above and Beyond and P. Wiley in The 6th Day , starring Arnold Schwarzenegger .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc920cd390136f1a803c3cb9350f137c", "text": "522666 '' ' 522666 '' is the fifth episode of the first season of the American crime-thriller television series Millennium . It premiered on the Fox network on November 22 , 1996 . The episode was written by Glen Morgan and James Wong , and directed by David Nutter . `` 522666 '' featured guest appearances by Sam Anderson , Hiro Kanagawa and Joe Chrest . Millennium Group consultant Frank Black ( Lance Henriksen ) is approached by the FBI when a series of bombs are detonated in Washington , DC . Black 's investigation soon reveals that the culprit seeks to be seen as a hero , setting off explosions in order to rescue people from the scenes ; leaving Black to track down the fame-hungry bomber before more people are killed . `` 522666 '' was one of many collaborations between Nutter , Morgan and Wong , with the three having worked together on several television series previously . The episode opens with a reference to existentialist philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre , and featured Henriksen performing all of his own stunts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5f4c32797741a74c1b25fa6d76b95ed", "text": "Toy Story (franchise) Toy Story is a computer animated film series and Disney media franchise that began with the original 1995 film , Toy Story , produced by Pixar Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures . The franchise is based on the anthropomorphic concept that all toys , unknown to humans , are secretly alive , and the films focus on a diverse group of toys that feature a classic cowboy , Sheriff Woody , and modern spaceman , Buzz Lightyear . The group unexpectedly embark on adventures that challenge and change them . The first two films of the franchise were directed by John Lasseter , and the third by Lee Unkrich , who acted as the co-director of the second film ( together with Lasseter and Ash Brannon ) . Lasseter will return to direct the upcoming fourth film . All three films , produced on a total budget of $ 320 million , have grossed more than $ 1.9 billion worldwide . Each film set box office records , with the third included in the top 15 all time worldwide films . Critics have given all three films extremely positive reviews . Special Blu-ray and DVD editions of Toy Story and Toy Story 2 were released on March 23 , 2010 . They were also re-released in theaters as a Disney Digital 3-D `` double feature '' for at least two weeks in October 2009 . The series is the 24th highest-grossing franchise worldwide , the fifth highest-grossing animated franchise ( behind Shrek , Ice Age , Despicable Me and Madagascar ) , and is among the most critically acclaimed trilogies of all time . On November 1 , 2011 , all three Toy Story films were released in Disney Blu-ray 3D as a trilogy pack and as individual films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f5e53cfede627f8cbb57d13ba14ca818", "text": "Commando (1985 film) Commando is a 1985 American action film directed by Mark L. Lester , and starring Arnold Schwarzenegger and Rae Dawn Chong . The film was released in the United States on October 4 , 1985 . The film was nominated for a Saturn Award for Best Special Effects but lost to Back to the Future . The film 's score was provided by James Horner . A critical and commercial success , Commando was the 7th highest-grossing R-rated movie of 1985 worldwide , and the 25th highest-grossing overall .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bfeed463da196e0a020ca2a77c58a06c", "text": "William Howard Arnold (physicist) William Howard Arnold is an American nuclear physicist , with primary areas of expertise in nuclear power , nuclear fuel , and nuclear waste disposal . He was president and manager of the first privately owned uranium-enrichment facility in the United States , Louisiana Energy Services . He was responsible for reactor physics design of the first series of Westinghouse Corporation commercial nuclear reactors , and served as president of the Nuclear International Division of Westinghouse Corporation . He designed nuclear reactor cores for civilian power reactors , for space power and propulsion , and for production of nuclear materials . He managed multidisciplinary groups of engineers and scientists working in reactor core design , and led work that promoted the use of centrifuge technology in uranium enrichment . He was general manager of the Advanced Energy Systems Division of Westinghouse Electric Company . From 1986 to 1989 , he was vice president of Westinghouse Hanford Company , responsible for engineering , development and project management at the Hanford Site . Later in his career he became involved in an advisory capacity in the cleanup of Department of Energy ( DOE ) nuclear weapons material production sites , such as in the vitrification plant at the Savannah River Site . In 1974 , he was elected to the National Academy of Engineering for his contributions to the systems engineering of light-water nuclear power plants and to the design of commercial pressurized water reactors for nuclear systems . He is a Fellow of and served on the Board of Directors of the American Nuclear Society . He is an expert on nuclear waste disposal , participating in several National Academy of Sciences studies , including chairing the 2003 study , titled `` Improving the Scientific Basis for Managing DOE 's Excess Nuclear Materials and Spent Nuclear Fuel '' . In 2004 , United States President George W. Bush appointed Dr. Arnold to the U.S. Nuclear Waste Technical Review Board .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8647b2eb8a26e412ed44ffe47fcb933d", "text": "Alien (film) Alien is a 1979 British-American science-fiction horror film directed by Ridley Scott , and starring Sigourney Weaver , Tom Skerritt , Veronica Cartwright , Harry Dean Stanton , John Hurt , Ian Holm and Yaphet Kotto . The film 's title refers to a highly aggressive extraterrestrial creature that stalks and kills the crew of a spaceship . Dan O'Bannon wrote the screenplay from a story he wrote with Ronald Shusett , drawing influence from previous works of science fiction and horror . The film was produced by Gordon Carroll , David Giler and Walter Hill through their Brandywine Productions and distributed by 20th Century Fox . Giler and Hill made revisions and additions to the script . Shusett was executive producer . The eponymous Alien and its accompanying elements were designed by Swiss artist H. R. Giger , while concept artists Ron Cobb and Chris Foss designed the human aspects of the film . Alien launched the Alien franchise and is chronologically the first of the main series , with the prequel series set in an earlier timeframe . Alien received both critical acclaim and box office success , receiving an Academy Award for Best Visual Effects , Saturn Awards for Best Science Fiction Film , Best Direction for Scott , and Best Supporting Actress for Cartwright , and a Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation , along with numerous other award nominations . It has remained highly praised in subsequent decades , being considered one of the greatest films of all time . In 2002 , the film was deemed `` culturally , historically or aesthetically significant '' by the Library of Congress and was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry . In 2008 , it was ranked as the seventh-best film in the science fiction genre by the American Film Institute , and as the 33rd greatest film of all time by Empire magazine . The success of Alien spawned a media franchise of novels , comic books , video games , and toys . It also launched Weaver 's acting career by providing her with her first lead role , and the story of her character Ellen Ripley 's encounters with the Alien creatures became the thematic thread that ran through the sequels Aliens ( 1986 ) , Alien 3 ( 1992 ) and Alien : Resurrection ( 1997 ) . , a crossover with the Predator franchise produced the Alien vs. Predator series , which includes Alien vs. Predator ( 2004 ) and Aliens vs. Predator : Requiem ( 2007 ) , and also a prequel series of films , which includes Prometheus ( 2012 ) and Alien : Covenant ( 2017 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4e29517648c01e1e581e4268fd7e95f", "text": "Die Hard with a Vengeance Die Hard with a Vengeance is a 1995 American action film and the third in the Die Hard film series . It was co-produced and directed by John McTiernan ( who directed Die Hard ) , written by Jonathan Hensleigh , and stars Bruce Willis as New York City Police Department Lieutenant John McClane , Samuel L. Jackson as McClane 's reluctant partner Zeus Carver , and Jeremy Irons as Simon Peter Gruber . It was released on May 19 , 1995 , five years after Die Hard 2 , becoming the highest-grossing film at the worldwide box-office that year , but received mixed reviews . It was followed by Live Free or Die Hard and A Good Day to Die Hard in 2007 and 2013 , respectively .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a1d800f3a58ce0e26dc0d8caddded51", "text": "Goodfellas Goodfellas ( stylized as GoodFellas ) is a 1990 American crime film directed by Martin Scorsese . It is an adaptation of the 1986 non-fiction book Wiseguy by Nicholas Pileggi , who co-wrote the screenplay with Scorsese . The film narrates the rise and fall of mob associate Henry Hill and his friends over a period from 1955 to 1980 . Scorsese initially named the film Wise Guy and postponed making it ; later , he and Pileggi changed the name to Goodfellas . To prepare for their roles in the film , Robert De Niro , Joe Pesci , and Ray Liotta often spoke with Pileggi , who shared research material left over from writing the book . According to Pesci , improvisation and ad-libbing came out of rehearsals wherein Scorsese gave the actors freedom to do whatever they wanted . The director made transcripts of these sessions , took the lines he liked best , and put them into a revised script , which the cast worked from during principal photography . Made on a budget of $ 25 million , Goodfellas grossed $ 46.8 million . It received positive reviews from critics and was nominated for six Academy Awards , including Best Picture and Best Director , with Pesci winning Best Actor in a Supporting Role . The film won five awards from the British Academy of Film and Television Arts , including Best Film and Best Director . Additionally , Goodfellas was named the year 's best film by various critics ' groups . Goodfellas is widely regarded as one of the greatest films in the crime genre . In 2000 , it was deemed `` culturally , historically , and aesthetically significant '' and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry by the United States Library of Congress . Its content and style have been emulated in numerous other films and television shows .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f311b4849300370f2309f59968a1f2b9", "text": "T2 3-D: Battle Across Time T2 3-D : Battle Across Time is an attraction at various Universal Studios parks around the world including those in Florida and Japan . The version of the show at Universal Studios Hollywood closed in 2012 . The attraction is a mini-sequel to Terminator 2 : Judgment Day and reunites director James Cameron and the main cast from the movie , including Arnold Schwarzenegger as The Terminator , Linda Hamilton as Sarah Connor , Edward Furlong as John Connor , and Robert Patrick as the T-1000 . The show was presented in two parts ; a pre-show where a Cyberdyne Systems company hostess shows guests a brief video presentation about the company 's innovations , and the main show , where live performers interact with a 3-D film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8b05a8326e40d8471835313a23f0ef4d", "text": "David Patrick Kelly David Patrick Kelly ( born January 23 , 1951 ) is an American actor and musician who has appeared in numerous films and television series . He is widely known for roles such as Luther in the cult 1979 film The Warriors , and another character named Luther in the 1982 Eddie Murphy film 48 Hrs. , Sully in the 1985 Arnold Schwarzenegger film Commando , Jerry Horne in Twin Peaks , and T-Bird in the 1994 film The Crow .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ba96ed99e6a077431a8f393e090e1c03", "text": "Arnie II Arnie II , developed by Zeppelin Games in 1993 , is a computer game and sequel to Arnie . It was written by David Sowerby with graphics by Neil Hislop . The music was created by Andrew Rodger . The game 's manual says that `` Arnie has been chosen to perform four missions that require stealth , skill and extreme violence . '' The muscleman shoots and bombs his way through four enemy-infested territories : Shutting down a chemical plant by blowing up enough pipeline valves . Clearing an airfield of enemy soldiers , tanks and helicopters . Climbing from battleship to battleship in a hostile harbour . Rescuing as many prisoners as possible from a jungle POW camp . There are enemies on every level , from simple infantry armed with rifles , mortars or rocket launchers to machine team teams , missile batteries and tanks . Most of the opponents are stationary and stolidly fire in a single direction ; however , foxholes release cannon-fodder at a constant rate . To destroy such nests or to efficiently dispatch groups of soldiers , Arnie has a limited supply of grenades . Some dead foes drop more powerful weapons as well as invaluable first aid kits and extra lives . Although it is obvious that the game 's name alludes to Arnold Schwarzenegger , Arnie II is not a licensed title and is not based on any movie .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0d258489fbaf472858203704455e2012", "text": "Christian Schwarzenegger Christian Schwarzenegger ( born 11 November 1959 in Zürich ) is a Swiss academic lawyer and professor of criminal law , criminal procedure and criminology at the University of Zurich . He is the son of an Austrian musician and later engineer , who immigrated in the 1950s from Styria to Switzerland . The father of Christian Schwarzenegger is a cousin of Arnold Schwarzenegger , the actor and former governor of California . Christian Schwarzenegger grew up in Zürich . He has been married since 1986 and has a son .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e67aaa4f6a89fbf3fed7fbc1599522e9", "text": "The Temptations of Jean-Claude Killy `` The Temptations of Jean-Claude Killy '' is an article published in the premiere issue of Scanlan 's Monthly in March 1970 , written by Hunter S. Thompson . The subject of the article is Jean-Claude Killy , the alpine skiing champion who , in the 1968 Winter Olympics , became the second alpine skier ever to win three gold medals in a single olympic games . By the time of the article Killy , then 26 , was retired from skiing and had embarked on the next phase of his career -- endorsements . Thompson 's article follows Killy around the United States during his marketing tour for the Chevrolet automotive company . As he attends automotive shows , holds press conferences , and makes appearances for television ( all in conjunction with fellow Chevrolet spokesman , O.J. Simpson ) Thompson chronicles the newly flush world of celebrity sports endorsements . Though endorsement by a sports figure was not an entirely new concept , the world-wide magnitude of Killy 's stardom made his Chevrolet contract something of a fascination for Thompson . The article 's focus on the relative depths of the new pitch-man status obtained by Killy so shortly after the incredible heights he had achieved develops through acerbic descriptions of the settings Killy finds himself in , the automotive executives that profit by him , and the fans and onlookers who make him such a valuable spokesman . Through it all , Killy 's focus on his own enormous profit is a source of worry to Thompson . The trend he sees developing is one of larger-than-life stars -- athletes of the highest physical standards who have achieved feats unimaginable by normal people -- demeaning themselves and their accomplishments by agreeing to shill for a few extra dollars . An enormous sports fan himself , Thompson is distraught by this turn of events and wonders that Killy was never quite sure `` why I was embarrassed for him in those scenes . '' Thompson compares Killy to F. Scott Fitzgerald 's Gatsby : although , unlike that character , Killy 's dollars are earned honestly , the author concludes while watching Killy 's selling of himself that `` nothing in his narrow , high-powered experience can allow him to understand how I can watch his act and say that it looks , to me , like a very hard dollar -- maybe the hardest . '' The article was later included in Thompson 's collection The Great Shark Hunt ( 1979 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c6e1cf7fe972d32df0473b3ab617e814", "text": "Edward Arnold (actor) Edward Arnold ( February 18 , 1890 -- April 26 , 1956 ) was an American actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b63ac3f20e4c917d6e3379f129d43c59", "text": "Mission: Impossible 2 Mission : Impossible 2 ( stylized as M : I-2 ) is a 2000 American action spy film directed by John Woo and starring Tom Cruise , who also served as the film 's producer . It is the second installment in the Mission : Impossible film series . In the film , Ethan Hunt is recruited by the Impossible Missions Force ( IMF ) to find and destroy a dangerous biological weapon called `` Chimera '' from a rogue IMF agent named Sean Ambrose with the help of his new girlfriend , Nyah Nordoff-Hall . . Mission : Impossible 2 was released in theaters worldwide on May 24 , 2000 . It grossed more than $ 546.4 million worldwide , becoming the highest grossing film of 2000 . But the critical response was mixed ; praise was directed at Tom Cruise 's performance and the action sequences , but the plot and dialogue were criticized .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8f516e1b7c4a543663bcf36c64724e11", "text": "G.I. (military) G.I. is a noun used to describe the soldiers of the United States Army and airmen of the United States Army Air Forces -- and for U.S. Marines and sailors -- and also for general items of their equipment . The term G.I. has been used as an initialism of `` Government Issue '' or `` General Issue '' , but it originally referred to `` galvanized iron '' , as used by the logistics services of the United States Armed Forces . The letters `` G.I. '' were used to denote equipment made from galvanized iron , such as metal trash cans , in U.S. Army inventories and supply records . During World War I , American soldiers sardonically referred to incoming German artillery shells as `` G.I. cans '' . Also during that war , `` G.I. '' started being interpreted as `` Government Issue '' or `` General Issue '' for the general items of equipment of soldiers and airmen . The term `` G.I. '' came into widespread use in the United States with the start of the Selective Service System ( `` the draft '' ) in 1940 , extending into 1941 . Next , the use of `` G.I. '' expanded from 1942 through 1945 . The American Five-star General Dwight D. Eisenhower said in 1945 that `` the truly heroic figure of this war -LSB- is -RSB- G.I. Joe and his counterpart in the air , the navy , and the Merchant Marine of every one of the United Nations . '' `` G.I. '' was also used as an adjective for anything having to do with the Army or Army Air Force .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "69831e90195f1f85bda68d86ee01fbc7", "text": "Newt Arnold Newt Arnold ( February 22 , 1922 -- February 12 , 2000 ) was an American film director , producer and screenwriter . Arnold directed Bloodsport , which was released in 1988 and has since become a cult film and several other screen works . Arnold was the two-time recipient of the Directors Guild of America Award for his work as an assistant director of The Godfather Part II and 12 Angry Men .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "46ab5f7e2ee007e767693d0bb20173a8", "text": "Henry H. Arnold Henry Harley `` Hap '' Arnold ( June 25 , 1886 -- January 15 , 1950 ) was an American general officer holding the grades of General of the Army and General of the Air Force . Arnold was an aviation pioneer , Chief of the Air Corps ( 1938 -- 1941 ) , Commanding General of the U.S. Army Air Forces , the only U.S. Air Force general to hold five-star rank , and the only officer to hold a five-star rank in two different U.S. military services . Arnold was also the founder of Project RAND , which evolved into one of the world 's largest non-profit global policy think tanks , the RAND Corporation , and one of the founders of Pan American World Airways . Instructed in flying by the Wright Brothers , Arnold was one of the first military pilots worldwide , and one of the first three rated pilots in the history of the United States Air Force.Arnold , Capt. Charles DeF . Chandler , and Lt. Thomas Milling all qualified for the rating on July 5 , 1912 . Milling received the first certificate while Arnold was listed first on War Department General Order No. 39 , which was the first list of rated Military Aviators . He overcame a fear of flying that resulted from his experiences with early flight , supervised the expansion of the Air Service during World War I , and became a protégé of Gen. Billy Mitchell . Arnold rose to command the Army Air Forces immediately prior to American entry into World War II and directed its hundred-fold expansion from an organization of little more than 20,000 men and 800 first-line combat aircraft into the largest and most powerful air force in the world . An advocate of technological research and development , his tenure saw the development of the intercontinental bomber , the jet fighter , the extensive use of radar , global airlift and atomic warfare as mainstays of modern air power . Arnold 's most widely used nickname , `` Hap , '' was short for `` Happy , '' attributed variously to work associates when he moonlighting as a silent film stunt pilot in October 1911 , or to his wife , who began using the nickname in her correspondence in 1931 following the death of Arnold 's mother . He was called Harley by his family during his youth , and `` Sunny '' by both his mother and wife . Arnold was known to his West Point classmates as `` Pewt '' or `` Benny '' . By his immediate subordinates and headquarters staff he was referred to as `` The Chief . ''", "title": "" } ]	fever
8d476ee5164508496cbe25fd8cf8b00f	Lana Del Rey is an American musician.	[ { "docid": "8fbb74cda1e7d3405a742d8e2de9918e", "text": "Lana Del Rey Elizabeth Woolridge Grant ( born June 21 , 1985 ) , better known by her stage name Lana Del Rey , is an American singer , songwriter , and model . Her music has been noted for its cinematic style , its preoccupation with themes of tragic romance and melancholia , and its references to pop culture , particularly 1950s and 1960s Americana . Born and raised in New York , Del Rey embarked on a music career in 2005 and first received widespread attention in 2011 , when the music video for her single `` Video Games '' became a viral internet sensation . Del Rey received further recognition after her major-label debut Born to Die peaked at number two on the United States charts and was the fifth best-selling album of 2012 . A remix of its single `` Summertime Sadness '' , produced by Cedric Gervais , peaked at number six in the United States , and the Paradise EP followed that November , garnering Del Rey her first Grammy nomination for Best Pop Vocal Album . Three of the EP 's tracks were featured in her short film Tropico , which premiered in December 2013 . In 2014 , Del Rey released her third studio album , Ultraviolence ; it became her first number-one album in the United States . In 2015 , following a North American tour with Courtney Love and Grimes , Del Rey released her fourth studio album , Honeymoon . Both albums received positive critical response . Del Rey is set to release her fifth studio album , titled Lust for Life , on July 21 , 2017 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "b5aadd183c1015b02bbffa242a48c087", "text": "Born to Die Born to Die is the second studio album by American singer and songwriter Lana Del Rey . Her major label debut , it was released on January 27 , 2012 by Interscope Records , Polydor Records and Stranger Records . Del Rey collaborated with producers including Patrik Berger , Jeff Bhasker , Chris Braide , Emile Haynie , Justin Parker , Rick Nowels , Robopop and Al Shux to achieve her desired sound . Their efforts resulted in a primarily baroque pop record , which sees additional influences from alternative hip hop , indie pop and trip hop music . Contemporary music critics gave Born to Die mixed reviews ; some commended its distinctive production , while its repetitiveness and melodramatic tendencies were a recurring complaint . The album debuted at number two on the US Billboard 200 with first-week sales of 77,000 copies ; it was later certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) after moving one million units . Born to Die reached the peak positions on eleven international record charts . After attaining online success after its initial premiere on June 29 , 2011 , `` Video Games '' was released as the lead single from Born to Die on October 17 , 2011 ; it peaked at number ninety-one on the US Billboard Hot 100 . Its follow-up singles `` Born to Die '' , `` Off to the Races '' , `` Blue Jeans '' , `` Summertime Sadness '' , `` National Anthem '' , and `` Dark Paradise '' performed sporadically across Billboard component charts and international record charts . The Cedric Gervais remix of `` Summertime Sadness '' was released on July 11 , 2013 and became Del Rey 's highest-charting single in the United States , reaching number six on the Billboard Hot 100 . Del Rey additionally promoted Born to Die with several televised performances , including a widely criticized appearance on Saturday Night Live . It was reissued on November 9 , 2012 as an expanded version subtitled The Paradise Edition , which was packaged with her third extended play Paradise ( 2012 ) . Born to Die has sold 7,000,000 copies worldwide as of June 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a0d048dd623d2d514d40711a6fe6ae5d", "text": "Cultural impact of Elvis Presley Since the beginning of his career , Elvis Presley has had an extensive cultural impact . According to Rolling Stone , `` it was Elvis who made rock 'n' roll the international language of pop . '' Rolling Stone encyclopedia of Rock and Roll describes Presley as `` an American music giant of the 20th century who single-handedly changed the course of music and culture in the mid-1950s . '' His recordings , dance moves , attitude and clothing came to be seen as embodiments of rock and roll . His music was heavily influenced by African-American blues , Christian gospel , and Southern country . In a list of the greatest English language singers , as compiled by Q Magazine , Presley was ranked first , and second in the list of greatest singers of 20th century by BBC Radio . Presley sang both hard driving rockabilly , rock and roll dance songs and ballads , laying a commercial foundation upon which other rock musicians would build their careers . African-American performers like Big Joe Turner , Wynonie Harris and Fats Domino came to national prominence after Presley 's acceptance among mass audiences of White American adults . Singers like Jerry Lee Lewis , the Everly Brothers , Chuck Berry , Bo Diddley , Little Richard , Buddy Holly , Johnny Cash , Roy Orbison and others immediately followed in his wake . John Lennon later observed , `` Before Elvis , there was nothing . '' During the post-WWII economic boom of the 1950s , many parents were able to give their teenage children much higher weekly allowances , signaling a shift in the buying power and purchasing habits of American teens . During the 1940s bobby soxers had idolized Frank Sinatra , but the buyers of his records were mostly between the ages of eighteen and twenty-two . Presley triggered a lot of demand for his records by near-teens and early teens aged ten and up . Along with Presley 's `` ducktail '' haircut , the demand for black slacks and loose , open-necked shirts resulted in new lines of clothing for teenage boys whereas a girl might get a pink portable 45 rpm record player for her bedroom . Meanwhile , American teenagers began buying newly available portable transistor radios and listened to rock 'n' roll on them ( helping to propel that fledgling industry from an estimated 100,000 units sold in 1955 to 5,000,000 units by the end of 1958 ) . Teens were asserting more independence and Presley became a national symbol of their parents ' consternation . Presley 's impact on the American youth consumer market was noted on the front page of The Wall Street Journal on December 31 , 1956 when business journalist Louis M. Kohlmeier wrote , `` Elvis Presley today is a business , '' and reported on the singer 's record and merchandise sales . Half a century later , historian Ian Brailsford ( University of Auckland , New Zealand ) commented , `` The phenomenal success of Elvis Presley in 1956 convinced many doubters of the financial opportunities existing in the youth market . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bb15bcc714c715eae349eaf85f89ea1a", "text": "Whitney Houston discography The discography of American singer Whitney Houston ( 1963 -- 2012 ) consists of seven studio albums , six compilations , two soundtrack albums , five box sets , six extended plays , and fifty-seven singles . In 1985 , Houston released her self-titled debut album . It spent fourteen weeks at number one on the Billboard 200 and was certified thirteen times platinum ( Diamond ) by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) , with global sales of 25 million copies . The album produced four US top 5 singles , including three Billboard Hot 100 number-ones . In 1987 , Houston released her second album Whitney . The album debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 and was supported by four US number-one singles : `` I Wan na Dance with Somebody ( Who Loves Me ) '' , `` Did n't We Almost Have It All '' , `` So Emotional '' , and `` Where Do Broken Hearts Go '' , which established an unprecedented seven consecutive number one hits by a performer . Whitney was certified 9 × Platinum by the RIAA and topped the charts in numerous countries , having sold in excess of 20 million copies worldwide . Houston 's third studio album , I 'm Your Baby Tonight ( 1990 ) , peaked at number three on the Billboard 200 chart and yielded two number-one singles ; `` I 'm Your Baby Tonight '' and `` All the Man That I Need '' , selling 10 million units worldwide . In February 1991 , Houston released `` The Star Spangled Banner '' performance from Super Bowl XXV as a single , becoming the highest-charting rendition of the national anthem on the Billboard Hot 100 chart . The Bodyguard soundtrack from her film debut , was released in November 1992 . The album contains tracks by other recording artists but is considered a Houston album by Billboard . It topped the Billboard 200 for twenty non-consecutive weeks , one of the longest tenures by an album in the Nielsen SoundScan era . The album was certified 17 × Platinum the United States and sold over 45 million copies worldwide , becoming the best-selling soundtrack album and one of the top 5 best-selling albums of all time . The lead single from the soundtrack , `` I Will Always Love You '' , topped the Billboard Hot 100 chart for a then-record-breaking fourteen weeks and was certified 6 × Platinum by the RIAA , peaked at number one on the charts in nearly every country and sold 12 million copies worldwide , becoming one of the best-selling singles of all time . Houston contributed three songs , including her eleventh number-one single `` Exhale ( Shoop Shoop ) '' on the 7x platinum soundtrack album , Waiting to Exhale ( November 1995 ) . The following year she released The Preacher 's Wife in November 1996 . The soundtrack was certified 3x Platinum by the RIAA and became the biggest selling gospel album of all time . In 1998 , she released her first studio album in eight years , My Love Is Your Love . The album failed to match the commercial status of her previous albums , peaking at number thirteen , her lowest chart position on the Billboard 200 among her studio albums . Despite initial weak sales , the album went on to achieve multi-platinum status with 11 million units sold worldwide , being certified 4 × Platinum in the United States . From late 1998 to early 2000 , the album generated five singles ; `` When You Believe '' ( duet with Mariah Carey ) , `` Heartbreak Hotel '' , `` It 's Not Right but It 's Okay '' , `` My Love Is Your Love '' , and `` I Learned from the Best '' . Houston entered the 2000s with her first greatest hits compilation , Whitney : The Greatest Hits , released in May 2000 . The double-disc was certified 3 × Platinum by the RIAA in 2002 and earned 5 × Platinum award posthumously , recognizing 2.6 million in sales throughout the United States . The album hit the top position on the UK Albums Chart and sold over 1.66 million copies in the UK alone . Also , it reached the top ten in many worldwide markets , selling 10 million copies globally . Just Whitney , released in December 2002 , became her first album after renewing her contract with Arista for a record $ 100 million in 2001 . The album failed to earn multi-platinum status , receiving only Platinum award in the US , and became her lowest-selling studio album to date . She released a holiday album , One Wish : The Holiday Album in November 2003 . In September 2009 , Houston returned to the top position of the Billboard 200 with I Look to You , becoming her fourth number-one album on the chart ; which was her first non-soundtrack number-one in 22 years , since 1987 's Whitney . It also topped the album charts of several European countries and was certified Platinum by the RIAA . Her albums Whitney Houston , Whitney , The Bodyguard and Whitney : The Greatest Hits are among the top 100 certified albums according to the RIAA . According to the RIAA , Houston is the top-selling R&B female artist of the 20th century , and the fourth best-selling female artist in the United States , with shipments of 57 million albums . In addition , until the launch of the RIAA 's digital certification program in 2004 , she had sold 16.5 million physical singles more than any other female solo artist in history . According to the Official UK Charts Company in October 2012 , Houston is at number four in the top 10 biggest selling female singles artists of all-time list with a sales total of 8.5 million singles . Whitney Houston is one of pop music 's best-selling music artists of all-time , with an estimated 170 -- 200 million records sold worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "79dffc935ba11cac07e0bd47abe3e52f", "text": "Terrence Loves You `` Terrence Loves You '' is a song recorded by American singer and songwriter Lana Del Rey for her album Honeymoon ( 2015 ) . It was released as the album 's first promotional single on August 21 , 2015 . Written by Del Rey and Rick Nowels , the song has been described as `` hypnotic '' , with Del Rey singing over piano , strings , and a `` moaning '' saxophone . The song contains an interpolation of the song `` Space Oddity '' by English singer-songwriter David Bowie from his eponymous second studio album . Del Rey stated that the song is her favorite from Honeymoon , describing it as `` jazzy '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d8353ff689b288698402a2529ac9e12", "text": "Del-Fi Records Del-Fi Records was an American record label based in Hollywood , California and owned by Bob Keane . The label 's first single released was `` Caravan '' by Henri Rose released in 1958 ; however , the label was most famous for signing Ritchie Valens . Valens ' first single for the label was `` Come On Let 's Go '' , which was a hit . His next single , `` Donna '' / `` La Bamba '' , was an even bigger big hit , and brought notability to the label . Johnny Crawford , the co-star of the television series The Rifleman , was the Del-Fi artist who recorded the most hit singles . Del-Fi ceased operating in 1974 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d403ba95538df951631b910094752a5", "text": "Grammy Award for Best New Artist The Grammy Award for Best New Artist has been awarded since 1959 . Years reflect the year in which the Grammy Awards were handed out , for records released in the previous year . The award was not presented in 1967 . The official guidelines are as follows : `` For a new artist who releases , during the Eligibility Year , the first recording which establishes the public identity of that artist . '' Note that this is not necessarily the first album released by an artist . It is sometimes asserted , with varying degrees of sincerity , that winning the award is a curse , as several award winners ( particularly from the late 1970s and early 1980s ) were never able to duplicate the success they experienced in their debut year . This viewpoint was expressed by former Starland Vocal Band member Taffy Danoff in a 2002 interview for VH1 's 100 Greatest One Hit Wonders : `` We got two of the five Grammys -- one was Best New Artist . So that was basically the kiss of death and I feel sorry for everyone who 's gotten it since . '' The category is also notable for being the only one of its kind in which a Grammy Award was vacated . This occurred in 1990 after it was revealed winners Milli Vanilli did not contribute their own vocals on their debut album . The award was revoked , but was not handed out to another artist . Of the 54 awards presented in the category since its inception , the honor has been presented to 25 solo female artists , 18 duos or groups , and 11 solo male artists . Between 1997 and 2003 , all the winners were solo female artists . Also , from 1993 to 2005 , no winner was a solo male artist . In 2006 , John Legend broke this trend , which started with Marc Cohn in 1992 . Only four artists have won both Best New Artist and Album of the Year in the same year : Bob Newhart in 1961 , Christopher Cross in 1981 , Lauryn Hill in 1999 and Norah Jones in 2003 . Of all the winners , only three have been country artists . In 1997 , LeAnn Rimes became the first country artist to win the award . She was followed by Carrie Underwood in 2007 and Zac Brown Band in 2010 . Additionally , 2017 marked the first time that two country artists were nominated in this category in the same year . 1984 marked the first time that all of the nominees were from outside of the United States ( Winner Culture Club , Eurythmics , and Musical Youth were from England , Big Country was from Scotland , and Men Without Hats were from Canada ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ed173270703742def3ef2afdc7191ae8", "text": "Carmela Rey Carmen Sánchez Levi ( born 1931 ) , commonly known as Carmela Rey , is a Mexican singer and actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ffeba111168bf27cbb6162d456929a82", "text": "The Del-Byzanteens The Del-Byzanteens was a New York-based no wave band active in the early 1980s . The band comprised Phil Kline ( vocals , guitar ) ; Jim Jarmusch ( vocals , keyboards ) ; Philippe Hagen ( bass ) ; Josh Braun ( percussion , drums ) ; and Dan Braun ( drums , percussion ) . Luc Sante wrote the lyrics to some of their songs , while James Nares sometimes contributed as a percussionist , and occasionally John Lurie performed with them on stage . They released a 12 '' EP : Girl 's Imagination ( 1981 ) , an LP : Lies to Live By ( 1982 ) , and a 7 '' single : Draft Riot ( 1982 ) . In 1985-86 they recorded two more songs ( `` The Last Time '' and `` Fascination '' ) , which were never finished or officially released . `` At that time everyone in New York had a band , '' Jarmusch recalled in an interview The Washington Post ( 1984 ) . `` The idea was that you did n't have to be a virtuoso musician to have a band . The spirit was more important than having technical expertise , and that influenced a lot of filmmakers . '' According to Sante , they were `` a band that insouciantly blended high and low , virtuosity and amateurism , calypso and science fiction , pots and pans and drones and the Supremes . They released several records , on a British label , which did very well in the former Yugoslavia . '' They played a number of concerts at clubs such as CBGB , Hurrah and the Mudd Club in New York City . Two of their songs were featured in Wim Wenders ' 1982 film The State of Things . At the time , Hot Press said that their debut LP was `` a debut equal to anything out of New York these past six years '' , and Melody Maker described it as `` mighty stuff ... You are strongly urged to investigate this record ... outstanding . '' Like the filmmaker Jim Jarmusch , many of its members have gone on to become famous in their own right , making music ( Phil Kline ) , art ( James Nares ) , and writing ( Luc Sante ) . Their back catalogue has never been re-issued on CD , and Del-Byzanteens vinyl is a rare sight on the second-hand market . However , `` Girl 's Imagination '' was featured on the Beggars Banquet 's 1999 compilation Pspyched ! , and again on the Gomma compilation Anti-NY in 2001 , while `` My Hands Are Yellow ( from the job that i do ) '' was released on New York Noise Vol 2 , in 2003 . Three of their shows at the Hurrah club were filmed , in their entirety , by Merrill Aldighieri . In early 2011 she released a 52-minute `` hand-made '' DVD , `` Eskimo Lounge Music '' , featuring live footage from these performances , interfoiled with recent interviews with the band members .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93d31b0f44b1d1ff6e4c4ba513114839", "text": "The Endless Summer Tour The Endless Summer Tour was the third headlining concert tour by American recording artist Lana Del Rey in support of her third studio album , Ultraviolence ( 2014 ) . The tour began on May 7 , 2015 in The Woodlands , Texas and concluded on June 16 , 2015 in West Palm Beach , Florida finishing with a total of twenty shows over the span of two months . The first seven shows of the tour were supported by fellow alternative rock singer Courtney Love , while the majority of the remaining tour dates were supported by synthpop singer and producer , Grimes . Most of the tour dates were sold out instantly . Lana Del Rey performed songs from Born to Die , Paradise , and Ultraviolence , in addition to some previously unreleased songs , and covers . At the end of 2015 , the tour placed at number 156 on Pollstar 's `` 2015 Year-End Top 200 North American Tours '' list , grossing $ 6 million from 16 shows .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc172f1ef685c2db421e5343624548f8", "text": "Grammy Award for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance The Grammy Award for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance ( previously called Best Rhythm and Blues Solo Vocal Performance , Female ) was an honor presented at the Grammy Awards , a ceremony established in 1958 and originally called the Gramophone Awards , to female recording artists for quality R&B songs . Awards in several categories are distributed annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences of the United States to `` honor artistic achievement , technical proficiency and overall excellence in the recording industry , without regard to album sales or chart position . '' According to the category description guide for the 52nd Grammy Awards , the award was presented to artists that performed `` newly recorded solo R&B vocal performances '' . Solo numbers by members of an established group were not eligible for the award as `` separate entries from the duo or group performances . '' Albums were also considered for the accolade until 1992 . As a part of the major overhaul of Grammy categories , the award was discontinued in 2011 . The Female R&B Vocal Performance category , Male R&B Vocal Performance category and all duo/group vocal performances in the R&B category shifted to the Best R&B Performance category in 2012 . The award for the Best Female R&B Vocal Performance was first presented to Aretha Franklin at the 10th Grammy Awards ceremony in 1968 for the song `` Respect '' . Franklin received the most wins with eleven , followed by Anita Baker with five . Franklin also holds the record for the most nominations with twenty-three , while Chaka Khan is second with eight nominations . Fantasia Barrino became the final recipient of the award , when her song `` Bittersweet '' won the award in 2011 . The award was presented to artists from the United States each year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2be5dae23998b709b0f987bf0c7b27a2", "text": "Lo Nuestro Award for Tropical New Artist of the Year The Lo Nuestro Award for Tropical/Salsa New Artist of the Year is an honor presented annually by American network Univision . It was first awarded in 1989 and has been given annually since to recognize the most talented performers of Latin music . The nominees and winners were originally selected by a voting poll conducted among program directors of Spanish-language radio stations in the United States and also based on chart performance on Billboard Latin music charts , with the results being tabulated and certified by the accounting firm Deloitte . At the present time , the winners are selected by the audience through an online survey . The trophy awarded is shaped in the form of a treble clef . The award was first presented to Nicaraguan singer Luis Enrique . Puerto-Rican American performer Olga Tañón was a nominee in 1993 and eventually became the most awarded performer in Lo Nuestro Awards history , with 22 accolades . American singer Marc Anthony won the following year and also received the Grammy Award for Best Tropical Latin Performance for the album Contra la Corriente in 1998 . Puerto-Rican American artist Elvis Crespo earned the award in 1999 , the same year that his songs `` Suavemente '' and `` Tu Sonrisa '' peaked at number-one at the Billboard Latin Songs chart . At the 12th Lo Nuestro Awards , Son by Four was named Tropical New Artist of the Year aided by the massive success of their single `` A Puro Dolor '' , which later ranked 1st at the Hot Latin Songs 25th Anniversary chart . Colombian singer-songwriter Fonseca won in 2007 and also earned the Latin Grammy Award for Best Tropical Song . In 2013 , the Pop , Regional Mexican and Tropical/Salsa New Artist of the Year categories were merged on a Lo Nuestro Award for Best New Artist category in the General Field ; however , the following year , the Lo Nuestro Award for Tropical New Artist of the Year was reincorporated .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2954954da2ea423a251aadee97729101", "text": "La La Means I Love You (album) La La Means I Love You is the 1968 debut album by American R&B / Soul vocal group The Delfonics , released on May 14 , 1968 on the Philly Groove label . The album was produced by Thom Bell and consists of a mixture of original songs written by Bell and lead singer William Hart , and cover versions of already well-known songs . The celebrated title track was a # 4 pop hit , and `` I 'm Sorry '' and `` Break Your Promise '' also charted . With its lush , smooth orchestral sound and production , La La Means I Love You is now considered a classic soul album and one of the most important and influential records in the development of the nascent Philadelphia soul sound which would come to dominate the commercial soul music market in the early and mid -- 1970s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6b52af831bb69dddb1965bda979f6270", "text": "Filipino American music Filipino Americans have a rich and long history of music in the United States . The Philippines have a rich musical context and varied influences due to indigenous traditions and early colonial influences of Spanish and American occupation . During occupation by the United States , many Filipinos were recruited for manual labor along the West Coast . These early laborers commonly would perform Spanish-influenced rondallas as well as choral groups . With many Filipinos living in the United States beginning around 1900s , Filipinos have contributed towards early Americana staples such as blues and jazz , and continue to influence more modern contemporary genres such as hip hop and rock . American music has also been influential in the Philippines for artists and vice-versa . Though contributing to the evolution of American music , large number of Filipino Americans have a strong identity with culture of the Philippines by participating or organizing traditional dances and musical performances , largely in the form of PCNs on university campuses . Traditional dances and musical performances commonly practiced in the US are rondallas , choral groups , and gong chime ensembles . College campuses often organize performances on campuses , but can also have characteristics unique to America , as many Filipino Americans want to share their experiences of living in America and perform a more neo traditional variation of traditional performances .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0246b7ed8f112c536bc7d15a68347016", "text": "Yolanda Pérez Yolanda Pérez ( born May 20 , 1983 ) is an American singer-songwriter who specializes in banda music . She is sometimes known by the stage name `` La Potranquita '' , ( Spanish : `` little filly '' ) , a name taken by her father from his home city of Zacatecas , Mexico . Perez was born in Los Angeles , California . Her family later moved to Montclair , California . She graduated from Montclair High School in 2001 . When she was 11 years old , Perez won a music contest held in the Los Angeles-area Lynwood . As part of the prize package , she recorded an album that launched her musical career . She has since recorded several more albums . Her career was especially enhanced when she signed with the Fonovisa label , part of the Univision Music Group . Perez followed in the footsteps of her father and grandparents who were also exponents of banda music . Her minor-label albums exhibited all the traditional characteristics of banda , but from Déjenme Llorar ( 2003 ) onwards she has combined the banda sound with modern elements such as rap as well as introducing set-piece dialogues into some tracks . Her music also shows other influences from hip hop and R&B artists - this has led her to include Spanglish phrasing in some lyrics , such as in the duet Estoy Enamorada with Don Cheto . Perez therefore , while continuing to exemplify traditional banda , has placed her own stamp and interpretation on this genre . In 2005 , Pérez was nominated for an Urban Artist of the Year award at the 17th Lo Nuestro Awards . Perez has also performed public service announcements and has been involved with other charitable work . In 2006 she volunteered to help with the `` Got Milk '' campaign , explaining that Latin American women tend to worry about outer beauty but need to also focus on their diet .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "876eb5f535ebff2b262a215a20d8a9f6", "text": "Secrets of Astrology Secrets of Astrology , released in 2000 , is the fifth album , but the fourth studio recorded album , by symphonic rock vocalist , Lana Lane . Though this album is Lane 's fifth album release in the US , it is her eighth in Japan . The album was recorded in the Netherlands and in Los Angeles and mixed in the Netherlands by Oscar Holleman . Mastering was executed at Abbey Road Studios in London . The album contains 13 songs , whereas the 13th track is listed as a bonus track . In the North American and Japanese releases of Secrets of Astrology , the bonus track is a song entitled , `` Romeo and Juliet '' , a song Lane had recorded during the recording sessions for this album . In the European release of Secrets of Astrology , the bonus track is a song entitled , `` Rhapsody '' , a song that Lane had recorded during the recording sessions for her 1998 album , Queen of the Ocean .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f4ba42437e7c70dbbd094bd95b98dc32", "text": "Rock en español Rock en español ( Spanish-language rock ) is a term used widely in the English-speaking world to refer any kind of rock music featuring Spanish vocals . Unlike English-speaking bands , very few acts reached worldwide success and often not even between different Spanish-speaking countries due to a lack of promotion . Despite rock en español 's origins in the late 1950s , many rock acts achieved at best nationwide fame until the Internet consolidated the listeners . However , some rock en español artists did become internationally popular with the help of a promotional campaign from the mid 1980s to the mid 1990s called `` Rock en tu idioma '' ( Rock in your language ) . Some specific rock-based styles influenced by folkloric rhythms have also developed in these regions . Some of the more prominent styles are Latin rock , a fusion of rock music with Latin American and Caribbean folkloric sounds developed in Latino communities ; Latin alternative , an alternative rock scene which blended a Latin sound with other genres like Caribbean ska , reggae , and soca ; or Andalusian rock , a flamenco-influenced style that emerged in Spain .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d7e218fa44d73d4e3fcd15472abff9f", "text": "Entertainer of the Year Entertainer of the Year is the twenty-first studio album by American country music singer-songwriter , Loretta Lynn . It was released on February 26 , 1973 , by MCA Records . Entertainer of the Year was titled after Lynn received the `` Entertainer of the Year '' award from the Country Music Association the previous year , becoming the first woman to win that award . The one and only single from the album was released in late 1972 , `` Rated X '' . The song was a self-penned song by Lynn and peaked at # 1 on the Billboard country chart in 1973 , her first # 1 hit since 1971 , and became also one of her more controversial songs , describing the double-standard frequently endured by divorced women at the time . The album was Lynn 's first studio album of 1973 , and Lynn would end up releasing an additional two for the year . The album was very successful on the Billboard album charts , peaking at # 1 on the Top Country Albums chart , and did not chart on the Billboard 200 . The album became Lynn 's fourth album to top the Top Country Albums chart . The album was Lynn 's first released on the MCA Records label , after the Decca label was retired by the company .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "35d2cd0094c0e420b6835457c53a9b41", "text": "Cola (song) `` Cola '' is a song by American singer and songwriter Lana Del Rey , taken from her third extended play , Paradise ( 2012 ) , and the reissue of her debut studio album , Born to Die : The Paradise Edition ( 2012 ) . `` Cola '' first appeared in a teaser trailer posted to her official YouTube account as a snippet . The lyrics were considered controversial , causing major media outlets to respond .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6a1b5cd3e318c205dd68c28fa2e12220", "text": "Rock City Club Rock City Club was created by Jack Wishna , Ofek Hayon , Brian Silver , music promoter Don Kirshner , and Michael Jackson The management team , partners , and investors attracted to the business include Internet entrepreneurs and music industry executives . One of the original creators of MTV and co-founder of Internet service provider NetZero are listed among the company 's board . It was described by the company as `` the music industry 's first Social Music Network '' . Some of the biggest music producers in the world , with 162 Grammy Awards to their names , participate in Rock City Club . The Rockcityclub.com `` Producers ' Circle '' includes Phil Ramone and Ron Dante and the people behind acts such as Lady Gaga , Madonna , Jay-Z , Michael Jackson , and Amy Winehouse . In 2012 , Rock City Club partnered with Slacker online music service to create what it described as the world 's first internet music channel devoted exclusively to giving undiscovered artists and bands the chance to have their music heard by millions of potential fans . The channel was headed by Ron Dante and includes the production expertise of people like Phil Ramone , Kerry Gordy ( son of Motown legend Berry Gordy ) , and Lamont Dozier .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cc60a3b9d9ef8677d7e5355728835bb9", "text": "Kat DeLuna discography This is the discography of pop/R & B musician Kat DeLuna . DeLuna first rose to fame in 2007 , when she released her debut single `` Whine Up '' . The single became one of the most played songs on pop radio that summer , and achieved major success worldwide , reaching the top ten in countries such as Belgium and France . The single also became a smash hit in the US , peaking inside the top forty of the Hot 100 single chart , as well as topped the Hot Dance Club Play chart . The single led to the release of DeLuna 's debut album , 9 Lives in the Fall of 2007 . The album was met to generally positive critical reception , as well as commercial . The album debuted at number 58 in the US , and charted within the top twenty of countries such as Belgium and Poland . The album 's success led to a re-release the following year . In 2008 , DeLuna began work on her second studio album . The album spawned several official and promotional singles . The first of these was `` Unstoppable '' , which became a minor hit in Canada . The song was featured in the film Confessions of a Shopaholic , as well as its accompanying soundtrack . It was followed by the second promotional single `` Dance Bailalo '' , which became a major hit on the US Hot Dance Club Play chart . DeLuna 's second album , titled Inside Out later spawned the official singles `` Push Push '' , `` Party O'Clock '' and `` Dancing Tonight '' . After much delay , Inside Out was released in Belgium on November 5 , 2010 . It received commercial success , reaching the top twenty of the Belgium album chart . The album is currently released only in some European markets ( Belgium , France , Poland ) . Inside Out was also released in Japan on July 13 , 2011 . A compilation album , Loading appeared in 2016 . Since 2012 , DeLuna has been reportedly working on her third album under the title ViVa Out Loud .", "title": "" } ]	fever
5277d3c7f21f9dfd2a62c42d16df71d0	Vanilla Sky stars an actress whose middle name is Michelle.	[ { "docid": "b4bd449e0130ec910657bd44c5a34ead", "text": "Cameron Diaz Cameron Michelle Diaz ( born August 30 , 1972 ) is an American actress , producer , and former fashion model . She rose to stardom with roles in The Mask ( 1994 ) , My Best Friend 's Wedding ( 1997 ) and There 's Something About Mary ( 1998 ) , and is also known for voicing the character of Princess Fiona in the Shrek series ( 2001 -- 10 ) . Other high-profile credits include Charlie 's Angels ( 2000 ) and its sequel Charlie 's Angels : Full Throttle ( 2003 ) , The Sweetest Thing ( 2002 ) , In Her Shoes ( 2005 ) , The Holiday ( 2006 ) , What Happens In Vegas ( 2008 ) , My Sister 's Keeper ( 2009 ) , Knight and Day ( 2010 ) , The Green Hornet ( 2011 ) , Bad Teacher ( 2011 ) , What to Expect When You 're Expecting ( 2012 ) , The Counselor ( 2013 ) , The Other Woman , Sex Tape , and Annie ( all 2014 ) . Diaz received four Golden Globe Award nominations for her performances in Being John Malkovich ( 1999 ) , Vanilla Sky ( 2001 ) , Gangs of New York ( 2002 ) and There 's Something About Mary ( 1998 ) , for the latter of which she also won the New York Film Critics Best Lead Actress Award . In 2013 , Diaz was named the highest-paid actress over 40 in Hollywood . As of 2015 , the U.S. domestic box office grosses of Diaz 's films total over US$ 3 billion , with worldwide grosses surpassing $ 7 billion , making her the third highest-grossing U.S. domestic box office actress ( after Scarlett Johansson and Emma Watson ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2880a14d49df1b9935c0f4062584ecec", "text": "Vanilla Sky Vanilla Sky is a 2001 American science fiction psychological thriller film directed , written , and co-produced by Cameron Crowe . It is an English-language remake of Alejandro Amenábar 's 1997 Spanish film Open Your Eyes , which was written by Amenábar and Mateo Gil , with Penélope Cruz reprising her role from the original film . The film has been described as `` an odd mixture of science fiction , romance and reality warp '' . Vanilla Sky stars Tom Cruise , Penelope Cruz , and Cameron Diaz with Jason Lee and Kurt Russell appearing in supporting roles . It received an Academy Award nomination for Best Original Song , as well as Screen Actors Guild and Golden Globe Award nominations for Cameron Diaz 's performance . The soundtrack was also critically acclaimed . Vanilla Sky was released on Blu-ray on June 30 , 2015 in North America .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "074c4ff4732ad6fbfdb2595eee5f726a", "text": "Michelle (song) `` Michelle '' is a love ballad by the Beatles , composed principally by Paul McCartney , with the middle eight co-written with John Lennon . It is featured on their Rubber Soul album , released in December 1965 . The song is unique among Beatles recordings in that some of its lyrics are in French . `` Michelle '' won the Grammy Award for Song of the Year in 1967 and has since become one of the best known and often recorded of all Beatles songs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "74c8b11fc5f85aee25ccdc2c582f5574", "text": "Claudia Wells Claudia Grace Wells ( born July 5 , 1966 ) is an American actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "baf932a6f3d7fef08c8659f9175bd454", "text": "Eve Whittle Evelyn `` Eve '' Whittle ( born August 5 , 1967 ) is an American actress and child psychologist best known for her TV role of the earnest and enthusiastic airport supervisor/technician Brenda Blue on the PBS Kids CGI animated cartoon series Jay Jay the Jet Plane . Brenda is noted for her formulaic enunciation of words .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cfa524bdb57c54f112f50c1f95749566", "text": "Julie Hagerty Julie Beth Hagerty ( born June 15 , 1955 ) is an American actress and former model . She starred as Elaine in the films Airplane ! ( 1980 ) and Airplane II : The Sequel ( 1982 ) . Her other film roles include A Midsummer Night 's Sex Comedy ( 1982 ) , Lost in America ( 1985 ) , and A Master Builder ( 2014 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b12995859e2af49baee1daa30fb36106", "text": "Michele Lee Michele Lee ( born June 24 , 1942 ) is an American actress , singer , dancer , producer , and director . She is known for her role as Karen Cooper Fairgate MacKenzie on the 1980s prime-time soap opera Knots Landing ( 1979 -- 93 ) , for which she was nominated for a 1982 Emmy Award and won the Soap Opera Digest Award for Best Actress in 1988 , 1991 and 1992 . She was the only performer to appear in all 344 episodes of the show . Lee began her career on Broadway in Vintage 60 ( 1960 ) and How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying ( 1961 ) . She made her movie debut in the film version of the latter in 1967 . Her other film appearances include the Disney film The Love Bug ( 1968 ) , The Comic ( 1969 ) and Along Came Polly ( 2004 ) . She was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Musical in 1974 for Seesaw , and for the Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Play in 2001 for The Tale of the Allergist 's Wife . She also played the title role in the 1998 TV film Scandalous Me : The Jacqueline Susann Story , and Madame Morrible in the Broadway musical Wicked in 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "51deea949c56de4e5123f231e7f8961f", "text": "Marilyn Joi Marilyn Joi ( born May 22 , 1945 ) is an American actress who appeared in a number of exploitation films during the 1970s . She starred in several films by Al Adamson including The Naughty Stewardesses ( 1974 ) , Blazing Stewardesses ( 1975 ) and Black Samurai ( 1977 ) , and played the henchwoman Velvet in Ilsa , Harem Keeper of the Oil Sheiks ( 1976 ) , and Cleopatra Schwartz in The Kentucky Fried Movie ( 1977 ) . Among her other film credits were roles in Hit Man ( 1972 ) , Mean Mother ( 1974 ) , The Candy Tangerine Man ( 1975 ) , Mansion of the Doomed ( 1976 ) , The Happy Hooker Goes to Washington ( 1977 ) , Nurse Sherri ( 1978 ) and Galaxina ( 1980 ) . She was often credited as Tracy King , Tracy Ann King and T.A. King .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "db0f13bf76b775aef2c1d103458d2ed2", "text": "Julianne Michelle Julianne Michelle ( born Sept. 5 , 1987 ) is an American film and television actress . She has appeared in more than 23 productions , beginning in 1992 when she was 5 years old .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d7310dae440aa001ebf9376cef52f4a", "text": "Michelle Kearley Michelle Kearley is a former Australian child actress . She was cast for the lead role of Molly Wilson in the Australian children 's television series Sugar and Spice and as student Jessie Ross for seven episodes of the Australian soap opera Neighbours in 1988 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c894fc7dc57108a41a310ab178b35453", "text": "Karen Paullada Karen Paullada is a Welsh actress who has worked extensively in television and theatre roles . She is best known for playing Nadine in the Sky1 TV comedy drama series Stella .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "80489e31fc63dd38d3a774ec41918581", "text": "Diana Glenn Diana Glenn ( born 13 March 1974 ) is an Australian actress with many credits in television , movies and theatre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9473ed5f3dbe75fa657fef00fd8f0a98", "text": "Michelle Dede Michelle Dede is a Nigerian freelance television presenter and actress . She co-produced the film titled Flower Girl and also starred in the television series Desperate Housewives Africa .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f7fc8de9407b472d6662bae23a4ba189", "text": "Chu Xuan Tseng Chia-lin ( born 13 December 1981 ) , better known by her stage name Chu Xuan , is a Taiwanese television actress , best known for supporting roles in long-running Hokkien-language soap operas like Taiwan Tornado , I Shall Succeed , Love Above All , Night Market Life , and Feng Shui Family .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "98f00a50ec7a0c1b628444e8d8535fbf", "text": "Jessica Schwarz Jessica Schwarz ( born 5 May 1977 ) is a German film and TV actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f5f3a6d049109a6b8bf3e89fcd6c7f22", "text": "Helene Stanley Dolores Diane Freymouth ( July 17 , 1929 -- December 27 , 1990 ) , better known by the stage name of Helene Stanley , was an American actress and a live model for Cinderella and other Disney characters .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "05058796875087309791662293166579", "text": "Tanya Roberts Victoria Leigh Blum ( born October 15 , 1955 ) , known by the stage name Tanya Roberts , is an American actress and producer . She is known for her role as Stacey Sutton in the James Bond film A View to a Kill ( 1985 ) , and as Midge Pinciotti on That '70s Show ( 1998 -- 2004 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cb46add613e1800e9cd858b5c4d8e82d", "text": "Michelle Keegan Michelle Keegan ( born 3 June 1987 ) is an English actress . Keegan is known for portraying Tina McIntyre in the ITV soap opera Coronation Street between 2008 and 2014 . In 2015 , Keegan played the role of Tracy in the BBC drama series Ordinary Lies . In 2016 she played Corporal Georgie Lane in BBC hit drama series Our Girl taking over the lead role from EastEnders actress Lacey Turner . She was awarded FHM `` Sexiest Woman in The World '' in 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b547cef5db479c7a141999d308ea8210", "text": "Michelle Shoda Michelle Marie Shoda Belloso ( born 1960 ) is a Venezuelan-American actress , businesswoman and beauty pageant titleholder .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c62fd0f38c6b6cfc844ee435586d3042", "text": "Michelle Rogers Michelle Rogers may refer to : Michelle Rogers ( judoka ) ( born 1976 ) , British judoka Michelle Rodgers , America 's Junior Miss 2009 Michele Rogers , American model and actress", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bc10071beaa17da4d14b16c78c6031c9", "text": "Chelsea Kane Chelsea Kane Staub ( born September 15 , 1988 ) , known professionally as Chelsea Kane since early 2011 , is an American actress and singer . She is known for her role as Stella Malone in the Disney Channel sitcom television series and the role of Riley Perrin in the Freeform sitcom , Baby Daddy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a9e28edf1bb2813b21432c46bb5b32d", "text": "List of awards and nominations received by K. Michelle", "title": "" } ]	fever
b3a5ad0675b2aae025da9d97b16e63ab	Cage Warriors is a promotion.	[ { "docid": "94a148bab1c6944e1427be952b666911", "text": "Cage Warriors Cage Warriors Fighting Championship or CWFC is a mixed martial arts promotion , based in London . Cage Warriors was established in 2001 and staged its first MMA event in London in July , 2002 . Currently it has scheduled events in Chechnya , Baghdad and Beirut . Many of the biggest stars in MMA have made their names under the Cage Warriors banner , including Gegard Mousasi , Conor McGregor and Michael Bisping . CWFC are one of the few top promotions to take their events abroad , travelling throughout countries in Europe , North America and the Middle East . CWFC staged 26 events across 12 different countries in 2012 and 2013 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "47ea0d7171a7622f4f0864efc17b76ec", "text": "USA Wrestling USA Wrestling ( formerly known as the United States Wrestling Federation and as the United States Wrestling Association ) is the organization that currently governs freestyle wrestling and Greco-Roman wrestling in the United States . USA Wrestling is also the official representative to the United States Olympic Committee ( USOC ) and to United World Wrestling ( UWW ) and is considered the national governing body of the sport at the amateur level . Their mission statement is , `` USA Wrestling , guided by the Olympic Spirit , provides quality opportunities for its members to achieve their full human and athletic potential . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "98b29769dcaf0af415075a41c802d260", "text": "1999 in King of the Cage The year 1999 is the 1st year in the history of King of the Cage , a mixed martial arts promotion based in The United States . In 1999 King of the Cage held 1 event , KOTC 1 : Bas Rutten 's King of the Cage .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a008be36a9ed3b247adef7fdc4d82297", "text": "World Combat Games The World Combat Games are an international multi-sport event featuring combat sports and martial arts . Fifteen Olympic and non-Olympic sports are currently on the programme : aikido , boxing , fencing , judo , ju-jitsu , karate , kendo , kickboxing , Muay Thai , sambo , savate , sumo , taekwondo , wrestling and wushu . The World Combat Games were initiated by SportAccord , the umbrella organisation for international sports federations and organizers of sports events , in order to bring these sports closer to a worldwide public . The World Combat Games are accompanied by a cultural program that reflects the ancient traditions and values of martial arts as well as their contribution to modern society .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6c67576118df9bb1370e0ea97b125da7", "text": "Ring of Honor Ring of Honor ( ROH ) is an American professional wrestling promotion , founded in 2002 by RF Video owner Rob Feinstein . From 2004 to 2011 , the promotion was under the ownership of Cary Silkin before being sold to the Sinclair Broadcast Group ( SBG ) , an American telecommunications company that operates the largest number of local television stations in the United States . ROH holds TV tapings , pay-per-view events , live events , and Internet pay-per-view events throughout the United States and Canada . It has also held shows in the United Kingdom and Japan . Annual shows include the Anniversary Show , Supercard of Honor ( held annually during WrestleMania weekend ) , Best in the World , Global Wars , Death Before Dishonor , Glory By Honor , and Final Battle ( the last show of the calendar year and ROH 's marquee event ) . ROH records all of its shows and sells them on DVD through mail order via its online store , and the DVDs have developed a fanbase for the promotion in the United States and beyond . In 2009 , ROH signed a television deal with HDNet , which aired shows every week until 2011 . As of September 2011 , ROH 's flagship broadcast Ring of Honor Wrestling has been syndicated by parent company Sinclair Broadcasting , and airs on Sinclair owned stations across the country . ROH is also broadcast on Samurai TV in Japan , and is the third-largest professional wrestling promotion in the United States , behind WWE and after Impact Wrestling . On June 22 , 2014 , ROH had its first live pay-per-view broadcast , Best in the World , from Nashville , Tennessee . It was followed-up on December 7 with their biggest show of the year Final Battle , from Terminal 5 in New York City . Their next pay-per-view aired March 1 , 2015 , which was their 13th Anniversary Show , from Las Vegas , Nevada .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93a315b9acd96bba8f80922403e05d97", "text": "Phoenix Championship Wrestling Phoenix Championship Wrestling was a short-lived American independent professional wrestling promotion based in Toms River , New Jersey . It was founded by twin brothers Don and Mike Bucci in 2001 and promoted by Don Bucci until its close two years later . The promotion enjoyed a high degree of success during its existence and was home to many independent wrestlers in the Jersey Shore and Mid-Atlantic region later signed to both Total Non-Stop Action and World Wrestling Entertainment . Stars from both promotions made appearances for PCW such as TNA 's Alexis Laree , Frankie Kazarian , Amazing Red and The S.A.T. ( Jose and Joel Maximo ) . The Wall and the Harris Brothers were also signed to TNA while competing for the promotion . From the World Wrestling Federation included former and then current superstars such as Jimmy Snuka , Gillberg , Gangrel , Eddie Guerrero and Three Minute Warning ( Rosey and Jamal ) . A number of WWE developmental wrestlers from Ohio Valley Wrestling spent time in the promotion including Kara Drew , Charlie Haas , Mike Kruel , Tank Toland and The Basham Brothers ( Doug and Danny Basham ) . Mike Bucci , a mainstay of Extreme Championship Wrestling , was also able to bring in many of its stars prior to and following the promotion 's close in 2001 . Among these included Prodigy , Chris Chetti , Little Guido , Jerry Lynn , Crowbar , Steve Corino , Julio Dinero , Chris Hamrick , Tommy Dreamer , Raven , Joey Matthews & Christian York and the `` heel '' stable Triple Threat ( `` Franchise '' Shane Douglas , Chris Candido and Bam Bam Bigelow ) . Both Bucci and Prodigy would win titles in the promotion , Prodigy being the first PCW Television Champion . Despite the fierce competitive environment among independent Mid-Atlantic promotions , the smaller PCW had working relationships with several of its rivals allowing appearances by Nicky Benz and Ric Blade from Combat Zone Wrestling , and Michael Shane , `` Fallen Angel '' Christopher Daniels and Samoa Joe from Ring of Honor . PCW also featured many established independent wrestlers , not only in the Jersey Shore and Mid-Atlantic region , but from throughout the United States and Canada . The mix of wrestlers would occasionally result in unofficial interpromotional matches that would not normally be seen in mainstream companies . The promotion also had a weekly Public-access television cable TV series , Fire Bird TV , and many of its supercards and televised events were later released on VHS/DVD by Smart Mark Video and RF Video .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "34ca38a731e11ad641723c7caeadb7e6", "text": "CMLL Mini-Estrellas tournaments The Mexican professional wrestling promotion Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre ( CMLL ) has held a number of tournaments for their Mini-Estrella division since it was founded in 1992 , some recurring and others a one off tournament held for a special event . Being professional wrestling tournaments , it they are not won legitimately ; they are instead won via predetermined outcomes to the matches that is kept secret from the general public . The Mini-Estrella division has been featured in a Ruleta de la Muerte ( Spanish for `` Roulette of Death '' ) tournament . A Ruleta de la Muerte tournament is a tournament in which tag teams face off in a single elimination tournament , but unlike traditional tournaments it is the losing team that advances in the tournament . The team that loses the tag team match final must immediately wrestle against each other in a Lucha de Apuestas match , where either their mask or their hair is on the line . In 2010 CMLL held a Mini-Estrella focused Torneo Bicentenario , celebrating the 200th anniversary of Mexico 's independence , a tournament where the winning Mini-Estrella would be `` Promoted '' to the regular sized male division and compete on equal footing in CMLL . The movement from Mini-Estrella to `` Regular '' competitor is rare in Lucha Libre , but not without precedent as CMLL themselves held such a match in 1997 , but this marked the first time a Mini-Estrella was openly promoted to the regular division without changing their ring persona or moving to a different wrestling promotion .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5ced89d54bb84dd0ad73cf75f70c7239", "text": "Pro Wrestling International The Pro Wrestling International ( PWI ) is a professional wrestling governing body in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8ba7e425e056d2ba1402628fa6df03df", "text": "IWRG Guerra del Golfo thumb \| Tetsuya Bushi , risked his mask twice in La Guerra del Golfo tournaments . Guerra del Golfo ( Spanish for `` Gulf War '' ) is both the name of a major show series promoted by the Mexican Lucha Libre , or professional wrestling promotion International Wrestling Revolution Group ( IWRG ) as well as the name of the tournament match that is the focal point of the show . The tournament consists of two first-round steel cage matches where the last person in the cage advances to the final match of the night . In the finals the two losers face off in a cage match where the loser of that match is either unmasked or forced to have their hair shaved off under Luchas de Apuestas rules . There have been a total of 10 shows since the first show in 2005 . So far three wrestlers have lost their masks and seven have been shaved bald .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dd4a393e78f83187e757288d0deeabc6", "text": "Mayweather Promotions Mayweather Promotions , LLC is a boxing promotional firm founded by five-division world and eleven-time world champion Floyd Mayweather , Jr. in 2007 after a fallout with Bob Arum and Top Rank . Mayweather Promotions also promotes all forms of live entertainment including sporting events , live musical and theatrical events as well as film and television productions . Mayweather Promotions mainly co-promotes with rival firm Golden Boy Promotions . Leonard Ellerbe is the CEO .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "268390c19bceb7983093d70e86f0e282", "text": "Mixed Martial Arts Pakistan Mixed Martial Arts Pakistan ( or PAK MMA ) is the premiere mixed martial arts ( MMA ) and martial arts promotion based in Pakistan that was created in December 2007 by Bashir Ahmad to promote martial arts ( and martial sports such as boxing and wrestling ) styles in Pakistan with a particular focus on mixed martial arts competition . From organizing seminars all around Pakistan to having the first mixed martial arts event in the country , Mixed Martial Arts Pakistan has had a huge amount of success in being the first organization to promote MMA in Pakistan . Mixed Martial Arts Pakistan covers everything from the training of students , promoting events , sponsoring of fighters and the organization also reaches out to the community as well .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c7160842569103f1f8d003ef05bdcb1e", "text": "List of WSOF champions World Series of Fighting ( also known as `` WSOF '' ) is an American mixed martial arts promotion , and the following is a history of its champions in each weight class . As well as championship history for their International promotions WSOF : Canada and WSOF Global Championship .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "304aeb0dc7230afae9a80213e5f640e0", "text": "Club fighter A club fighter ( or clubfighter ) is a professional boxer who usually fights locally and has a mediocre record . Club fighters generally are not nationally recognized and have not won any fights that show the ability to win a championship . The term is often used as a pejorative for over-hyped fighters or for older boxers when they begin to decline . For example , Floyd Mayweather Jr. called Arturo Gatti `` a blown-up club fighter '' , even though Gatti was the WBC super lightweight champion at the time . A club fighter is less respected than a contender , who defeats journeymen and club fighters in order to establish himself as a challenger for a world title . A journeyman is slightly more respected than a club fighter -- often by way of having a superficially good record . Category : Boxing terminology Category : Pejorative terms for people", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3f19cb47dd2bd754f37b2deefd059e63", "text": "Wrestle Kingdom (video game) is a licensed professional wrestling video game by Yuke 's , released in Japan for the Xbox 360 and PlayStation 2 . The game combines the top stars of New Japan Pro Wrestling , All Japan Pro Wrestling , Pro Wrestling Noah , and freelancers . The Xbox 360 version of the game was temporarily recalled in Japan due to it not saving properly to the system 's hard drive . A release event planned for the following two days after its release was cancelled .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "85f66c6f77b54389eedc3b82f0453bdb", "text": "2005 in WEC The year 2005 is the 5th year in the history of World Extreme Cagefighting , a mixed martial arts promotion based in the United States . In 2005 WEC held 5 events beginning with , WEC 13 : Heavyweight Explosion .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2e78ad6bafe1bfbe696341e4be6e8adf", "text": "Kunlun Fight Kunlun Fight ( Chinese : 昆仑决 ; pinyin : Kūnlún Jué ) , is a Chinese kickboxing promotion developed by Kunsun Media . Kunlun Fight debuted in 2014 and is regarded as one of the top kickboxing promotions in the world . The first event was held in Pattaya , Thailand on January 25 , 2014 . The promotion has since kept on a steady pace of events and in 2015 alone held over 20 events . Kunlun Fight is broadcast in mainland China on Jiangsu Television and on HKSTV in Hong Kong and Taiwan . In 2017 Kunlun Fight MMA began to broadcast monthly on CCTV-5 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d09f9d100ee95eaff2dd3cd48bb89594", "text": "World Fighting Alliance The World Fighting Alliance was a mixed martial arts organization based in the United States . Owned and organized by MMA legend and trainer John Lewis ( Promoter/Match Maker ) and nightclub operator and `` Club Rubber '' promoter John Huntington ( Producer ) along with Lawyer Louis Palazzo ( Investor ) , the WFA began promoting events after the Nevada State Athletic Commission began sanctioning mixed martial arts . The Las Vegas-based promotion , unlike its cross-town rival , the Ultimate Fighting Championship , featured a nightclub environment and a slogan of `` Where the fight club meets the Night Club '' . Sexy and flashy , its events featured several scantily-clad ring girls between rounds and go-go dancers between fights , and plenty of loud music , including guest performers like Ice-T . However , in an incident at Level 3 which seriously harmed the promotion 's reputation , credentialed photographers were ejected by venue security from their areas and were forced to move to where they could not take acceptable pictures . The inconvenience caused by the ejection was substantial , some writers at the event were forced to track down their photographers and leave their beat , while some offended editors decided to yank coverage of the event altogether . While the difficulties of the last event did not seem to deter the promotion and the promoters promised a Level 4 , Lewis and Huntington did not promote another WFA event since , and the promotion was assumed to be defunct . After a rise of interest in mixed martial arts in the United States in 2005 , the WFA reemerged with new ownership and began an aggressive program to establish itself as a new major mixed martial arts promotion . The owners , Ross Goodman and Louis Palazzo , both attorneys from Las Vegas , began by signing contracts with several of the biggest free agents on the market , including former UFC middleweight contender and Olympic silver medalist Matt Lindland , PRIDE middleweight contender Quinton Jackson , retired UFC and Pancrase champion Bas Rutten , former top-ranked Bantamweight fighter Urijah Faber , and former UFC Heavyweight Champion Ricco Rodriguez . In their recruitment efforts , they also came close to signing Tito Ortiz before he was enticed by an offer from the UFC . The fruits of their acquisitions culminated in WFA : King of the Streets on July 22 , 2006 , a pay-per-view broadcast event at the Forum in Inglewood , California . The card was headed by a main event of Quinton Jackson vs. Matt Lindland , Jackson 's first fight on American soil since becoming a headliner in PRIDE , and featured famed boxing broadcaster Barry Tompkins and wrestling star Bill Goldberg at the announce desk . Despite heavy expectations and an aggressive marketing campaign , including a pre-event special broadcast on Showtime , the event only attracted a crowd of over 5,000 , with only 2,300 tickets sold . Pay-per-view buys were also low , reportedly under 50,000 . Despite the disappointing numbers , and rumors of financial troubles , the WFA announced their next event , WFA : King of the Streets II at Aladdin Resort and Casino in Las Vegas , Nevada scheduled for December 9 , 2006 . However , the event was then postponed until early 2007 for undisclosed reasons . On November 15 , 2006 , the WFA 's CEO , Jeremy Lappen , sued the WFA and its owners for breach of contract , claiming he has not been paid since June 2006 , a few weeks before King of the Streets . Finally on December 11 , 2006 , Zuffa , the parent company of rival promotion UFC , announced it had acquired select assets of the WFA , including the contracts of WFA fighters . The WFA afterward ceased operations per the sale agreement . The WFA brand was revived in THQ 's video game UFC Undisputed 2010 , an update to their wildly popular multi-platform MMA video game UFC 2009 Undisputed . In the game 's career mode , which mimics that of an actual MMA fighter , players start off in the WFA and after a certain amount of success are invited to the UFC .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "131f7f02fb1dd1d64223ac23b7da7305", "text": "UWA World Welterweight Championship The UWA World Welterweight Championship is a championship in professional wrestling that is primarily contested for in various Lucha Libre promotions in Mexico . In 1993 , the championship was recognized by the Japanese professional wrestling promotion Michinoku Pro , following Super Delfin 's victory over then champion Celestial . In 1995 , Gran Hamada was stripped of the championship , because he exceeded the weight limit . The championship returned to being primarily contested for in Mexico , and it was n't until Taiji Ishimori 's victory over Super Crazy in 2003 that a Japanese wrestler would hold the championship again .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "de9e1bf56ba87ef9c68ff9f9202313b8", "text": "Championship Fighting Alliance Championship Fighting Alliance ( CFA ) is a mixed martial arts ( MMA ) based promotion company located in Miami Lakes , Florida . It was founded by former MMA fighter and promoter Jorge De La Noval in 2011 . It has currently produced 10 live events . Fallon Fox , who currently is signed to fight for CFA , is the first openly transgender MMA fighter in history . On May 24 , 2013 , CFA will be hosting CFA 11 , their 11th event at the Bankunited Center located on the University of Miami campus . Fighter 411 reported that CFA had held the most events in Florida during the 2012-2013 season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5b6433e9d72bfcafab89ab10c0a282fb", "text": "Frontier Wrestling Alliance Frontier Wrestling Alliance ( FWA ) is a professional wrestling promotion in Britain . Established in 1993 as the Fratton Wrestling Association it soon became the Frontier Wrestling Alliance six years later and until 2007 when it lost a scripted inter-promotional feud with International Pro Wrestling : United Kingdom . As a result of losing the promotion was forced to close and the company XWA was founded , largely based on the old FWA with some old staff and wrestlers as well as some championships . However , in 2009 the FWA brand was relaunched again as a separate promotion to the XWA .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f1ca41a125d78aa45471b9b09bc62688", "text": "West Fourth Street Courts The West Fourth Street Courts , also known as `` The Cage '' , are a notable public athletic venue for amateur basketball in New York City 's Greenwich Village . `` The Cage '' has become one of the most important tournament sites for the city-wide `` Streetball '' amateur basketball tournament , and is noted for its non-regulation size . Because it is so small , more emphasis is given to `` banging inside , '' or tough physical play . Usually the sidelines are simply ignored during play . Due to the large number of players who come to play here competition for playing time is stiff , and losing players rarely get to play twice . The courts are located over the West Fourth Street -- Washington Square subway station and have an entrance to it adjacent to the courts . Numerous national commercials have been shot at The Cage . Former NBA players Anthony Mason and Smush Parker are some of the nationally recognized players to learn their tough style of play from The Cage .", "title": "" } ]	fever
3b379878289cf5210b62f9409d1f1b00	Christopher Lloyd has done extensive acting work.	[ { "docid": "862356f748b9a34cbd0f3742c15bc7cf", "text": "Christopher Lloyd Christopher Allen Lloyd ( born October 22 , 1938 ) is an American actor , voice actor and comedian best known for his roles as Emmett `` Doc '' Brown in the Back to the Future trilogy , Judge Doom in Who Framed Roger Rabbit ( 1988 ) , Merlock the Magician in DuckTales the Movie : Treasure of the Lost Lamp ( 1990 ) , Uncle Fester in The Addams Family ( 1991 ) and its sequel Addams Family Values ( 1993 ) , and Grigori Rasputin in Anastasia ( 1997 ) . Lloyd has an equally prominent television profile , having won two Primetime Emmy Awards for playing Jim Ignatowski on the comedy series Taxi ( 1978 -- 1983 ) . He earned a third Emmy for his 1992 guest appearance on Road to Avonlea . He has also done extensive voiceover work for animated programs , most notably voicing The Hacker on the PBS Kids series Cyberchase ( 2002 -- 2015 ) . The role earned him two Daytime Emmy Award nominations .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "d761992b481d6b3eeb1db6a7da2f0e0b", "text": "Christopher St. John Christopher St. John , sometimes credited as Chris St. John , is an African-American film and television actor . He is also a film producer , film director and screenwriter and played a minor role in the television series Remington Steele .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "48505a4e30aed3797b5ff44c81bdc4ed", "text": "Chris Carter (actor) Chris Carter is a Canadian actor and screenwriter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "30019704d8a40cdf03225c892e8bf0fe", "text": "Andrew Lloyd Webber Andrew Lloyd Webber , Baron Lloyd-Webber ( born 22 March 1948 ) is an English composer and impresario of musical theatre . Several of his musicals have run for more than a decade both in the West End and on Broadway . He has composed 13 musicals , a song cycle , a set of variations , two film scores , and a Latin Requiem Mass. . Several of his songs have been widely recorded and were hits outside of their parent musicals , notably `` The Music of the Night '' from The Phantom of the Opera , `` I Do n't Know How to Love Him '' from Jesus Christ Superstar , `` Do n't Cry for Me , Argentina '' and `` You Must Love Me '' from Evita , `` Any Dream Will Do '' from Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat and `` Memory '' from Cats . In 2001 the New York Times referred to him as `` the most commercially successful composer in history '' . Ranked the `` fifth most powerful person in British culture '' by The Telegraph '' in 2008 , the lyricist Don Black stated `` Andrew more or less single-handedly reinvented the musical . '' He has received a number of awards , including a knighthood in 1992 , followed by a peerage from Queen Elizabeth II for services to Music , seven Tonys , three Grammys ( as well as the Grammy Legend Award ) , an Academy Award , fourteen Ivor Novello Awards , seven Olivier Awards , a Golden Globe , a Brit Award , the 2006 Kennedy Center Honors , and the 2008 Classic Brit Award for Outstanding Contribution to Music . He has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame , is an inductee into the Songwriter 's Hall of Fame , and is a fellow of the British Academy of Songwriters , Composers and Authors . His company , the Really Useful Group , is one of the largest theatre operators in London . Producers in several parts of the UK have staged productions , including national tours , of the Lloyd Webber musicals under licence from the Really Useful Group . Lloyd Webber is also the president of the Arts Educational Schools London , a performing arts school located in Chiswick , West London . He is involved in a number of charitable activities , including the Elton John AIDS Foundation , Nordoff Robbins , Prostate Cancer UK and War Child . In 1992 he set up the Andrew Lloyd Webber Foundation which supports the arts , culture and heritage in the UK .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "46aae0990c8b548cb22ed1ec6b025504", "text": "Lloyds Banking Group Lloyds Banking Group plc is a major British financial institution formed through the acquisition of HBOS by Lloyds TSB in 2009 . The Group 's history stems from the founding in 1695 by the Parliament of Scotland of the Bank of Scotland , which is the second oldest bank in the United Kingdom . The Group 's headquarters is located at 25 Gresham Street in the City of London and its registered office is on The Mound in Edinburgh . Lloyds Banking Group 's activities are organised into : Retail Banking ( including Mortgages and Sole Traders ) ; Commercial ; Life , Pensions & Insurance ; and Wealth & International . Lloyds ' has extensive overseas operations in the US , Europe , the Middle East and Asia . Following the takeover , the Group stopped using the name HBOS publicly . The Halifax brand , products and pricing were discontinued in Scotland until reestablished in 2013 . The Halifax and Lloyds Bank brands are used in England and Wales and the Bank of Scotland brand is used in Scotland , each offering different products and pricing . Lloyds Banking Group 's CEO António Horta-Osório told The Banker , `` We will keep the different brands because the customers are very different in terms of attitude '' . Lloyds Banking Group is listed on the London Stock Exchange ( LSE ) and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index . It had a market capitalisation of approximately as of 4 March 2014the 7th-largest of any LSE company . It has a secondary listing on the New York Stock Exchange , where it has a market capitalisation value of .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "08df91a62055f89b4576b92776170337", "text": "Torin Thatcher Torin Thatcher ( 15 January 1905 -- 4 March 1981 ) was an English actor born in Bombay , British India , to English parents Torin James Blair Thatcher , a police officer , by his wife Edith Rachel , a voice and piano teacher , younger daughter of the Hon. Justice Sir Herbert Batty , a puisne judge of the High Court of Bombay . He was noted for his flashy portrayals of screen villains . He was educated in Britain at Bedford School and at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art . He worked as a schoolmaster before first appearing on the London stage in 1927 and then entering British films in 1934 . He appeared in the 1937 Old Vic stage production of Hamlet , in which Laurence Olivier made his first appearance in the title role , opposite Vivien Leigh as Ophelia . During the Second World War , he served with the Royal Artillery and was demobilised with the rank of lieutenant colonel . Thatcher appeared in classic British films of the late 1930s and 1940s , including Major Barbara ( 1941 ) and Great Expectations ( 1946 ) , in which he played Bentley Drummle . He moved to Hollywood in the 1950s . He was constantly in demand , invariably lending his looming figure and baleful countenance to sinister or stern roles in popular costume thrillers such as The Crimson Pirate ( 1952 ) , Blackbeard the Pirate ( 1952 ) , The Robe ( 1953 ) ( as the disapproving father of Marcellus ) , The Black Shield of Falworth ( 1954 ) , Helen of Troy ( 1956 ) , Darby 's Rangers ( 1958 ) and The 7th Voyage of Sinbad ( 1958 ) . He also appeared in the Marlon Brando and Trevor Howard 1962 remake of Mutiny on the Bounty . He returned to the stage quite frequently , notably on Broadway , in such esteemed productions as Edward , My Son ( 1948 ) , That Lady ( 1949 ) and Billy Budd ( 1951 ) . In 1959 , he portrayed Captain Keller in the award-winning play The Miracle Worker with Anne Bancroft and Patty Duke . All of these plays were filmed , but Thatcher did not appear in the film versions . Also a steady fixture on television , he appeared in such made-for-TV films as adaptations of A.J. Cronin 's Beyond This Place ( 1957 ) and The Citadel ( 1960 ) , Bonanza ( 1961 ) , and Brenda Starr ( 1976 ) . He also played the title role in a Philco Television Playhouse version of Othello and acted in a CBS production of Beyond This Place ( 1957 ) . He appeared in programmes such as The Real McCoys , Thriller , Gunsmoke , Perry Mason , Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea , Daniel Boone and Mission : Impossible . He was cast as the sly space trader in an episode of Lost in Space . Thatcher , if not for his distinguished career , has become recognised by several generations of fans of Star Trek : The Original Series from his performance as Marplon , secretly a member of the resistance in the episode `` The Return of the Archons '' . Thatcher died of cancer on 4 March 1981 , in Thousand Oaks , California , USA .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6f071d3d78268dc151524db28e80c037", "text": "Christopher Walken Christopher Walken ( born Ronald Walken ; March 31 , 1943 ) is an American stage and film lead and character actor who has appeared in more than 100 films and television shows , including , Annie Hall ( 1977 ) , The Deer Hunter ( 1978 ) , The Dogs of War ( 1980 ) , The Dead Zone ( 1983 ) , A View to a Kill ( 1985 ) , Batman Returns ( 1992 ) , True Romance ( 1993 ) , Pulp Fiction ( 1994 ) , Sleepy Hollow ( 1999 ) , Catch Me If You Can ( 2002 ) , Hairspray ( 2007 ) , Seven Psychopaths ( 2012 ) , the first three Prophecy films , The Jungle Book ( 2016 ) , as well as music videos by many popular recording artists . Walken has received a number of awards and nominations during his career , including winning the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his portrayal of Nikanor `` Nick '' Chebotarevich in The Deer Hunter . He was nominated for the same award and won BAFTA and Screen Actors Guild Awards for his performance as Frank Abagnale Sr. in Catch Me If You Can . Walken 's films have grossed more than $ 1 billion in the United States . He has also played the lead in the Shakespeare plays Hamlet , Macbeth , Romeo and Juliet and Coriolanus . He is a popular guest-host of Saturday Night Live , having hosted seven times . His most notable roles on the show include record producer Bruce Dickinson in the `` More Cowbell '' sketch , the double-entendre-named , disgraced Confederate officer Colonel Angus and , in multiple appearances , The Continental . Walken debuted as a film director and scriptwriter with the short film Popcorn Shrimp in 2001 . He also wrote and acted the main role in a play about his idol Elvis Presley , titled Him , in 1995 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2ea203ee49603537eda00c8ef1f85ba3", "text": "Child actor The term child actor or child actress is generally applied to a child acting on stage or in motion pictures or television , but also to an adult who began his or her acting career as a child ; to avoid confusion , the latter is also called a former child actor . Closely associated is teenage actor or teen actor , an actor who reached popularity as a teenager . Many child actors find themselves struggling to adapt as they become adults . Lindsay Lohan and Macaulay Culkin are two particular famous child actors who eventually experienced much difficulty with the fame they acquired at a young age ; Lohan 's career resumed after an interruption of several years . Many child actors also become successful adult actors as well , an example being Mickey Rooney 's career that included both the popular 1935 film A Midsummer Night 's Dream and the popular 2011 film The Muppets .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a982da1fd0657a5589db23fa32ab89a2", "text": "Doctor Who Doctor Who is a British science-fiction television programme produced by the BBC since 1963 . The programme depicts the adventures of a Time Lord called `` The Doctor '' , an extraterrestrial being from the planet Gallifrey . He explores the universe in a time-travelling space ship called the TARDIS . Its exterior appears as a blue British police box , which was a common sight in Britain in 1963 when the series first aired . Accompanied by a number of companions , the Doctor combats a variety of foes , while working to save civilisations and help people in need . The show is a significant part of British popular culture , and elsewhere it has gained a cult following . It has influenced generations of British television professionals , many of whom grew up watching the series . The programme originally ran from 1963 to 1989 . There was an unsuccessful attempt to revive regular production in 1996 with a backdoor pilot , in the form of a television film titled Doctor Who . The programme was relaunched in 2005 , and since then has been produced in-house by BBC Wales in Cardiff . Doctor Who has also spawned numerous spin-offs , including comic books , films , novels , audio dramas , and the television series Torchwood ( 2006 -- 2011 ) , The Sarah Jane Adventures ( 2007 -- 2011 ) , K-9 ( 2009 -- 2010 ) , and Class '' ( 2016-present ) , and has been the subject of many parodies and references in popular culture . Twelve actors have headlined the series as the Doctor . The transition from one actor to another is written into the plot of the show with the concept of regeneration into a new incarnation -- an idea introduced in 1966 to allow the show to continue after the departure of original lead William Hartnell who was becoming very ill at the time . The concept is that this is a Time Lord trait through which the character of the Doctor takes on a new body and personality to recover from a severe injury or anything that would otherwise kill a normal person . Each actor 's portrayal differs , but all represent stages in the life of the same character and form a single narrative . The time-travelling feature of the plot means that different incarnations of the Doctor occasionally meet . The current lead , Peter Capaldi , took on the role after Matt Smith 's exit in the 2013 Christmas special `` The Time of the Doctor '' . In 2017 , Capaldi confirmed he would be leaving at the end of the tenth series , with his final appearance being the 2017 Christmas Special .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "252bc7fdff1dbd2e18b80d216561246d", "text": "Captain Carvallo Captain Carvallo is a traditional comedy play in three acts by Denis Cannan , telling the story of a philandering young army officer , Captain Carvallo . The comedy was an immediate success when it opened at the St. James Theatre on 9 August 1950 , as the second production under Sir Laurence Olivier 's management . The play was first tried out in March 1950 at the Bristol Old Vic , where Cannan was acting at the time . A few months later , Laurence Olivier boldly restaged the play -- billed as a `` traditional comedy '' -- at the St James 's theatre in London , with James Donald in the lead role , opposite Diana Wynyard . It was a great success , although Cannan preferred the Bristol production . `` His play shimmers with ideas wittily juxtaposed , and it is funnier than the Crazy Gang '' , wrote the critic Harold Hobson . A television production of the play was broadcast on the BBC the following year , with Patrick Macnee in the lead . Cannan adapted the play himself for a Rediffusion production later that decade . In 1988 the play was revived at the Greenwich Theatre . A version aired on Australian television in 1958 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c20a558f9be95e5f149fa6d56987690b", "text": "Robin of Sherwood: The Knights Of The Apocalypse Robin of Sherwood : The Knights Of The Apocalypse is a two-hour audio adaptation of the final two episodes of British television series Robin of Sherwood , based on the legend of Robin Hood . Written by Richard ` Kip ' Carpenter , it was produced by British production company Spiteful Puppet and directed by Robert Young , who had also directed episodes of the original series . The audio play is the continuation of the classic cult series Robin of Sherwood . The series came to an unexpected halt in 1986 due to financial problems . Instead of the planned fourth season , its creator and writer , Richard Carpenter , wrote a feature-length script that followed on from the end of the third season , called The Knights of the Apocalypse . Richard Carpenter died in 2012 , before having been able to bring the script back to the screen . The original cast of the series -- including Jason Connery , Ray Winstone , Clive Mantle , Judi Trott , Nickolas Grace , Mark Ryan , Michael Praed and Phil Rose -- went on to record the audio adaptation of The Knights of the Apocalypse in early 2016 . The audio drama premiered in London in May 2016 . All profits raised are donated to Mr. Carpenter 's chosen charities -- the Sherwood Forest Trust and the British Red Cross .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "447e5d8c0d6b75ffd3d492d9a01ca829", "text": "Jeffrey Lynn Jeffrey Lynn ( born Ragnar Godfrey Lind ; February 16 , 1909 -- November 24 , 1995 ) was an American stage-screen actor and film producer who worked primarily through the Golden Age of Hollywood establishing himself as one of the premier talents of his time . Throughout his acting career , both on stage and in film , he was typecast as `` the attractive , reliable love interest of the heroine , '' or `` the tall , stalwart hero . '' Born and raised in Massachusetts , he attended Bates College , before working as a teacher . He was tapped to act in his first film in 1938 , which convinced him to move to Hollywood , California . His second film -- Four Daughters ( 1938 ) -- propelled him into national fame sparking three squeals : Daughters Courageous ( 1939 ) , Four Wives ( 1939 ) and Four Mothers ( 1941 ) with Lynn reprising his role in each of them . He was at the center of the Gone with the Wind ( 1939 ) screening controversy ; he was noted as the top contender to play Ashley Wilkes , however , the directer eventually chose Leslie Howard instead . Lynn was asked to join James Cagney and Humphrey Bogart in The Roaring Twenties ( 1939 ) , a gangster noir that garnered him critical praise . His success continued with such films as The Fighting 69th ( 1940 ) in which he portrayed poet-soldier Joyce Kilmer opposite Cagney , It All Came True ( 1940 ) , All This and Heaven Too ( 1940 ) and Million Dollar Baby ( 1941 ) . His movie career was put on hold for World War II draft , where he received a Bronze Star for his service as a in Italy and Austria as a combat intelligence captain . He returned to the screen in 1948 and was in the notably successful , A Letter to Three Wives ( 1949 ) , which went on to be nominated of best picture in the 1950 prime time Academy Awards . A year later he joined that cast of Home Town Story ( 1951 ) billed alongside Marilyn Monroe . His later film career credits include : BUtterfield 8 ( 1960 ) along with Elizabeth Taylor and Laurence Harvey , and Tony Rome ( 1967 ) with Frank Sinatra . Lynn also began to act on Broadway and was featured in such plays as Any Wednesday ( 1966 ) and Dinner at Eight ( 1967 ) . Later on in his career he found mixed critical success television starring in hit shows such as Robert Montgomery Presents , Your Show of Shows , My Son Jeep ( with young Martin Huston ) , and Lux Video Theatre . He died in November 1995 in Burbank , California from natural causes and was buried at Forest Lawn Memorial Park in the Hollywood Hills . Actor Jeffrey Lynn `` Jeff '' Goldblum is named in honor of Jeffrey Lynn .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "51908a55ed016be9bc90bcff1ff8f686", "text": "Richard Cordery Richard Cordery is a character actor of film , television , and stage .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea51e3306ba90255fefecbe2d95992e6", "text": "Procedural drama A procedural drama is a genre of television programming which focuses on how crimes are solved or some other aspect of a law enforcement agency , legislative body , or court of law . Some dramas include a lab or conference room with high-tech or state-of-the-art equipment where the main characters meet to work out the problem . Shows usually have an episodic format that does not require the viewer to have seen previous episodes . Episodes typically have a self-contained , also referred to as stand-alone , plot that is introduced and resolved within the same episode . The procedural format is popular around the world . In 2011 , the director of a TV consultancy said , `` The continuing trend is for procedurals because they use a predictable structure . '' Due to their stand-alone episodic nature , they are more accessible to new viewers than serials . Self-contained episodes also make it easier for viewers to return to a show if they have missed some episodes . In general , procedural dramas can usually be re-run with little concern for episode order . Procedurals are often criticized for being formulaic . Procedurals are also generally less character-driven than serialized shows . However , some procedurals have more character emphasis than is typical of the format . Some may occasionally feature a storyline stretching over several episodes . A popular variant is the police procedural .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bc4f19f62e1649e6dd930e9ff1c141b1", "text": "Hugh Grant Hugh John Mungo Grant ( born 9 September 1960 ) is an English actor and film producer . Grant has received a Golden Globe , a BAFTA , and an Honorary César for his work . His films have earned more than US$ 2.4 billion from 25 theatrical releases worldwide . Grant first received attention after earning the Volpi Cup for his performance in James Ivory 's Maurice ( 1987 ) but achieved international success after appearing in the Richard Curtis-scripted Four Weddings and a Funeral ( 1994 ) . Grant used this breakthrough role as a frequent cinematic persona during the 1990s , delivering comic performances in films such as Mickey Blue Eyes ( 1999 ) and Notting Hill ( 1999 ) . One of the best known figures in 1990s British popular culture , Grant was in a high-profile relationship with Elizabeth Hurley , which was the focus of much attention in the British and international media . By the turn of the 21st century , Grant had established himself as a leading man , skilled with a satirical comic talent . Grant has expanded his oeuvre with critically acclaimed turns as a cad in Bridget Jones 's Diary ( 2001 ) , About a Boy ( 2002 ) , and American Dreamz ( 2006 ) . Grant later played against type with multiple cameo roles in the epic sci-fi drama film , Cloud Atlas ( 2012 ) . He 's also known for appearing in period pieces such as The Remains of the Day ( 1993 ) , Sense and Sensibility ( 1995 ) and Florence Foster Jenkins ( 2016 ) . Within the film industry , Grant is cited as an anti-star who approaches his roles like a character actor , and attempts to make his acting appear spontaneous . Hallmarks of his comic skills include a nonchalant touch of irony/sarcasm and studied physical mannerisms , as well as his precisely-timed dialogue delivery and facial expressions . The entertainment media 's coverage of Grant 's life off the big screen has often overshadowed his work as an actor . Grant has been outspoken about his antipathy towards the profession of acting , and in his disdain towards the culture of celebrity and hostility towards the media . In a career spanning 30 years , Grant has repeatedly claimed that acting was not his true calling , but rather a career that unintentionally developed by happenstance .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "42ed1ab6c624a391d3b32b74a9c52d0e", "text": "Dyllan Christopher Dyllan Christopher ( born December 12 , 1991 ) is an American actor . He played one of the five major roles in the 2006 film Unaccompanied Minors - Spencer , the leader of a group of kids who get stuck in an airport on Christmas . In the film , he worked alongside Quinn Shephard and Tyler James Williams . Christopher was born Dyllan Christopher Fernandez in Los Angeles , California . His great-uncle is Hawaiian entertainer Augie Rey ( Fernandez ) . Dyllan was in the Hallmark Cards singing Christmas card commercials shown in December 2006 , and a KFC commercial as a grocery store employee , and appeared in Phil of the Future . He also played the part of Ralphie Anderson in Stephen King 's Storm of the Century . In 2009 , Christopher appeared in an Olive Garden commercial ad . He also appeared in an episode of Bones in season 4 . As well as a minor role as Chick 's estranged Son in Armageddon .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3aa25a656965261ff5cc844e3eb406dd", "text": "Christopher Nicole Christopher Robin Nicole ( born ) is a prolific British writer of over 200 novels and non-fiction books since 1957 . He has written as Christopher Nicole and also under several pseudonyms including Peter Grange , Andrew York , Robin Cade , Mark Logan , Christina Nicholson , Alison York , Leslie Arlen , Robin Nicholson , C.R. Nicholson , Daniel Adams , Simon McKay , Caroline Gray and Alan Savage . He also wrote under the pen name Max Marlow when co-authoring with his wife , fellow author Diana Bachmann .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "105334c91d00ffa067ecfff2c2897d00", "text": "A Dangerous Man: Lawrence After Arabia A Dangerous Man : Lawrence After Arabia is a British television film of 1992 depicting the experiences of T. E. Lawrence and Emir Feisal of the Hejaz at the Paris Peace Conference after the end of the First World War . One of the conference 's many concerns was determining the fates of territories formerly under the rule of the defeated Ottoman Empire . The film stars Ralph Fiennes ( in his first film role ) as T. E. Lawrence , Alexander Siddig ( then credited as Siddig El-Fadil ) as Faisal , Denis Quilley as Lord Curzon , and Nicholas Jones as Lord Dyson . It was made by Anglia Films and Enigma Television , and was first screened on 18 April 1992 on the ITV network . The film was produced in 1990 , a year after David Lean 's film epic , Lawrence of Arabia ( 1962 ) , was re-released to cinemas . It serves as an unofficial sequel to that earlier film , as it depicts events that happened after the Great War . The film 's screenplay was written by Tim Rose Price . Christopher Menaul directed the film . The film goes further than its predecessor in reflecting the work of contemporary historians . It demonstrates contemporary concerns about British and international politics and ethnic conflict . It also explores further Lawrence 's enigmatic personality and suggests more openly his alleged homosexuality .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "387d2619385c02a23def1fbaaee153a8", "text": "Charles Hart (actor) Charles Hart ( c. 1625 -- 18 August 1683 ) was a prominent British Restoration actor . A Charles Hart was christened on 11 December 1625 , in the parish of St. Giles Cripplegate , in London . It is not absolutely certain that this was the actor , though the name was not common at the time . . Hart began his career as a boy player with the King 's Men ; he was an apprentice of Richard Robinson , longtime member of that company . Hart established his reputation by playing the role of the Duchess in The Cardinal , the tragedy by James Shirley , in 1641 . He served as a soldier in the English Civil War , and was an officer in Prince Rupert 's regiment of cavalry , along with fellow actors Nicholas Burt and Robert Shatterell . Hart and the others most likely saw combat at the battles of Marston Moor and Nasby , and perhaps at Edgehill as well . Hart then returned to acting ; evidence suggests he was with other displaced English actors in Europe in 1646 . In 1648 , Hart , Walter Clun and eight other actors , were involved in an attempt to restart the King 's Men company during the Puritan Commonwealth , which , perhaps unsurprisingly , did not succeed . On 5 February 1648 , at the Cockpit Theatre , Hart and other King 's Men were arrested for violating the ban against theatrical performance ; they were caught in the midst of a performance of Rollo Duke of Normandy ( in which Hart played the character Otto ) . Hart and the others were imprisoned for a short time , then released . Just before the Restoration of the monarchy in 1660 , acting resumed on a larger scale , and Hart seems to have been then a member of a company performing at the Cockpit playhouse , led by Michael Mohun . As soon as the King 's Company was formed in 1660 , Hart became one of its leading men ; he specialized in playing the male half of witty , bantering couples . This type of dialogue in Restoration comedy was largely influenced by the talents and personalities of Hart and Nell Gwyn , in plays like James Howard 's The Mad Couple ; Gwyn was his mistress before she became Charles II 's . Hart 's natural dignity in playing royal roles was also often commented on by contemporaries , and in the heroic play he `` was celebrated for superman roles , notably the arrogant , bloodthirsty Almanzor in John Dryden 's Conquest of Granada . '' When Hart played in Euterpe Restored in 1672 , Richard Flecknoe composed the following lines : Beauty to the eye , and music to the ear , Such even the nicest critics must allow Burbage was once and such Charles Hart is now . Throughout his Restoration career , Hart filled a range of noteworthy parts . He was Cassio in early stagings of Shakespear 's Othello ; after 1669 he played the title role . He played roles in revivals of plays by Shakespeare , Ben Jonson , and John Fletcher -- Hotspur in Henry IV , Part 1 Brutus in Julius Caesar Mosca in Volpone Demetrius in The Humorous Lieutenant Michael Perez in Rule a Wife and Have a Wife Arbaces in A King and No King Amintor in The Maid 's Tragedy Rollo in Rollo Duke of Normandy Welford in The Scornful Lady Don John in The Chances -- and in contemporary dramas , by John Dryden -- Marc Antony in All for Love Porphyrius in Tyrannick Love Aurange Zebe in Aurang-zebe Celadon in The Maiden Queen Wildblood in An Evening 's Love Cortez in The Indian Emperour Aurelian in The Assignation -- and by other dramatists -- Horner in Wycherly 's The Country Wife Manly in Wycherly 's The Plain Dealer Phraartes in Crowne 's The Destruction of Jerusalem Massinissa in Lee 's Sophonisba , or Hannibal 's Overthrow Alexander the Great in Lee 's The Rival Queens Ziphares in Lee 's Mythridates , King of Pontus Lord Delaware in Boyle 's The Black Prince . In 1682 , when the King 's Company joined with the Duke 's Company to form the United Company , Hart retired due to poor health , with a pension of 40 shillings per week . The well-known story that Hart was the illegitimate grandson of Shakespeare 's sister Joan is largely discredited .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b54439c4072b2207dbf29d5aee92b7f3", "text": "Paul Lloyd Paul Lloyd may refer to : Paul Lloyd ( footballer ) ( born 1987 ) , English football midfielder Paul Lloyd ( boxer ) ( born 1968 ) , English boxer Justin Gabriel ( Paul Lloyd , Jr. , born 1981 ) , South African professional wrestler", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3c95d6b6f0e5fc404bce953042aa238", "text": "Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film . The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .", "title": "" } ]	fever
9e47698901629500d4e37c8b440790e7	Stephanie Daley earned Tamblyn a nomination for best supporting female at the 2002 Independent Spirit Awards.	[ { "docid": "9671dea1a948f3fcb5dca63659bc4add", "text": "Stephanie Daley Stephanie Daley -- retitled What She Knew for US television -- is a 2006 film starring Amber Tamblyn , Melissa Leo , Tilda Swinton and Timothy Hutton . The film , which received a limited release in North America on April 20 , 2007 , focuses on the issue of teenage pregnancy . Stephanie Daley was developed at the Sundance Writers ' and Filmmakers ' Lab , and premiered at the 2006 Sundance Film Festival , where it won the Waldo Salt Screenwriting Award . The film also earned Tamblyn a nomination for best supporting female at the 2006 Independent Spirit Awards and the Leopard prize for best actress at the 2006 Locarno film festival .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "0b5909d535fdd2055f6cbb1d0b1ef214", "text": "Samantha Morton Samantha Jane Morton ( born 13 May 1977 ) is an English actress , screenwriter and director . She has received critical acclaim and numerous accolades throughout her career , including one BAFTA Award , one BIFA Award , one Golden Globe Award and has been nominated twice for an Academy Award and once for an Emmy Award . She has been described as one of the greatest actresses of her generation . Brought up in Nottingham , Morton joined the Central Junior Television Workshop , and soon began her career in British television in 1991 . She guest-starred in Soldier Soldier and Cracker and appeared from 1995 to 1996 in the ITV series Band of Gold . She made the transition to film with lead roles in the dramas Emma ( 1996 ) , Jane Eyre ( 1997 ) and the well-received Under the Skin ( 1997 ) . The latter made director Woody Allen cast Morton in Sweet and Lowdown ( 1999 ) , which earned her nominations for the Academy Award and the Golden Globe for Best Supporting Actress . In the 2000s , Morton continued to draw critical praise for her performances in numerous arthouse and independent films . Her role in Morvern Callar ( 2002 ) garnered her the BIFA Award for Best Actress , and she received her second Academy Award nomination , this time in the Best Actress category , for In America ( 2003 ) . She also found mainstream success with the science fiction thriller Minority Report ( 2002 ) . For her role in 2006 's television biopic Longford , she received BAFTA and Emmy Award nominations and won the Golden Globe for Best Supporting Actress -- Television Film . Morton starred in the dramas Control ( 2007 ) , Synecdoche , New York ( 2008 ) and The Messenger ( 2009 ) , and she made her directorial debut with the British television film The Unloved ( 2009 ) , winning the BAFTA Television Award for Best Single Drama . Her most recent acting credits include the science fiction action film John Carter ( 2012 ) , the thriller Cosmopolis ( 2012 ) , the drama Decoding Annie Parker ( 2013 ) , the period film Miss Julie ( 2014 ) , the European limited series The Last Panthers ( 2015 ) and the film adaptation Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them ( 2016 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4c733dda152a1e16f12ec7ba4c3c9ab0", "text": "Fear of the Dark (2002 film) Fear of the Dark is a 2002 Canadian horror film directed by K.C. Bascombe .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b8973103f0a51c4c05014fd2e31fc21e", "text": "Real Women Have Curves Real Women Have Curves is a 2002 American comedy-drama film that takes place in East Los Angeles . It gained fame after winning the Audience Award for best dramatic film , and the Special Jury Prize for acting in the 2002 Sundance Film Festival . The film went on to receive the Youth Jury Award at the San Sebastian International Film Festival , the Humanitas Prize , the Imagen Award at the Imagen Foundation Awards , and Special Recognition by the National Board of Review . The film was directed by Patricia Cardoso , and stars a young America Ferrera as protagonist Ana García . The film is based on a play ( of the same title ) written by Josefina Lopez , who co-authored the screenplay for the film with producer George LaVoo . According to the Sundance Institute , the film gives a voice to young women who are struggling to love themselves and find respect in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ccd406b034071513ebda993a89488d7f", "text": "Stephanie J. Block Stephanie Janette Block ( born September 19 , 1972 ) is an American actress and singer , known for her work in Broadway musicals . A two-time Tony Award nominee , she was nominated for Best Actress in a Musical for The Mystery of Edwin Drood in 2013 , and for Best Featured Actress in a Musical for Falsettos in 2017 . She is also a five-time Drama Desk Award nominee and has appeared on numerous cast recordings . In 2009 , she released a solo album , This Place I Know . Block began her professional musical career in regional theater and by playing Belle in the Disneyland production of Beauty and the Beast in 1992 . She made her Broadway debut in the 2003 original production of The Boy from Oz , playing Liza Minnelli . Having read the part of Elphaba in the first reading of Wicked in 2000 , she was the first actress to play the role in the US touring production from 2005 -- 06 , winning the Helen Hayes Award for Best Actress in a Non-Resident production . She later reprised the role on Broadway from 2007 -- 08 . She received Drama Desk nominations for the Off-Broadway productions of By the Way , Meet Vera Stark ( 2011 ) and Little Miss Sunshine ( 2013 ) , and for the Broadway productions of 9 to 5 ( 2009 ) , The Mystery of Edwin Drood ( 2012 ) and Falsettos ( 2016 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad52e1a831b954dae2b9b97d7f8fc469", "text": "American Beauty (1999 film) American Beauty is a 1999 American drama film directed by Sam Mendes and written by Alan Ball . Kevin Spacey stars as Lester Burnham , a 42-year-old advertising executive who has a midlife crisis when he becomes infatuated with his teenaged daughter 's best friend , Angela ( Mena Suvari ) . Annette Bening co-stars as Lester 's materialistic wife , Carolyn , and Thora Birch plays their insecure daughter , Jane . Wes Bentley , Chris Cooper , and Allison Janney also feature . The film is described by academics as a satire of American middle-class notions of beauty and personal satisfaction ; analysis has focused on the film 's explorations of romantic , and paternal love , sexuality , beauty , materialism , self-liberation , and redemption . Ball began writing American Beauty as a play in the early 1990s , partly inspired by the media circus around the Amy Fisher trial in 1992 . He shelved the play after realizing the story would not work on stage . After several years as a television screenwriter , Ball revived the idea in 1997 when attempting to break into the film industry . The modified script had a cynical outlook that was influenced by Ball 's frustrating tenures writing for several sitcoms . Producers Dan Jinks and Bruce Cohen took American Beauty to DreamWorks ; the then-fledgling film studio bought Ball 's script for $ 250,000 , outbidding several other production bodies . DreamWorks financed the $ 15 million production and served as its North American distributor . American Beauty marked acclaimed theater director Mendes ' film debut ; courted after his successful productions of the musicals Oliver ! and Cabaret , Mendes was , nevertheless , only given the job after 20 others were considered and several `` A-list '' directors turned down the opportunity . Spacey was Mendes ' first choice for the role of Lester , though DreamWorks had urged the director to consider better-known actors ; similarly , the studio suggested several actors for the role of Carolyn until Mendes offered the part to Bening without DreamWorks ' knowledge . Principal photography took place between December 1998 and February 1999 on soundstages at the Warner Bros. backlot in Burbank , California , and on location in Los Angeles . Mendes ' dominant style was deliberate and composed ; he made extensive use of static shots and slow pans and zooms to generate tension . Cinematographer Conrad Hall complemented Mendes ' style with peaceful shot compositions to contrast with the turbulent on-screen events . During editing , Mendes made several changes that gave the film a less cynical tone than the script . Released in North America on September 17 , 1999 , American Beauty was positively received by critics and grossed over $ 356 million worldwide . Reviewers praised most aspects of the production , with particular emphasis on Mendes , Spacey , and Ball ; criticism focused on the familiarity of the characters and setting . DreamWorks launched a major campaign to increase the film 's chances of Academy Award success ; at the 72nd Academy Awards the following year , the film won Best Picture , Best Director , Best Actor ( for Spacey ) , Best Original Screenplay , and Best Cinematography . It was nominated for and won many other awards and honors , mainly for the direction , writing , and acting .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8908a8221a1075a32424cbdb2af71b06", "text": "4th Independent Spirit Awards The 1988 Independent Spirit Awards , honoring the best in independent filmmaking for 1988 , were announced on March 25 , 1989 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel in Los Angeles . It was hosted by Buck Henry .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "06bee763ab88bf322c23edce2ef326cd", "text": "Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards 2014 The 20th Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards honoring the best in film for 2014 were announced on December 15 , 2014 . These awards `` recognizing extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association ( DFWFCA ) , based in the Dallas -- Fort Worth metroplex region of Texas . The organization , founded in 1990 , includes 30 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications based in north Texas . The Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association began presenting its annual awards list in 1993 . Birdman was the DFWFCA 's most awarded film of 2014 , taking five top honors . Birdman won in Best Picture , Best Actor ( Michael Keaton ) , Best Director ( Alejandro G. Iñárritu ) , Best Cinematography ( Emmanuel Lubezki ) , and Best Screenplay ( Alejandro G. Iñárritu , Nicolás Giacobone , Alexander Dinelaris Jr. , and Armando Bo ) . Another film , Boyhood , earned multiple 2014 honors from the DFWFCA . The coming-of-age tale received top honors in the Best Supporting Actress ( Patricia Arquette ) as well as being presented the Russell Smith Award as the `` best low-budget or cutting-edge independent film '' of the year . The award is named in honor of late Dallas Morning News film critic Russell Smith . Reese Witherspoon was named Best Actress for her role as Cheryl Strayed in Wild . The other films earning honors were Sweden 's Force Majeure for Best Foreign Language Film , Citizenfour as Best Documentary Film , and The Lego Movie for Best Animated Film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ba2de433aee3080b7aa630d81abfa10", "text": "Amanda Swisten Amanda Swisten ( born December 20 , 1978 ) is an American model and actress who has appeared in various films and TV shows . Swisten was born in New York City , New York . Her first credited appearance was in the film American Wedding in 2003 while playing Fraulein Brandi . After which she appeared in films such as The Last Run ( 2004 ) , The Girl Next Door ( 2004 ) , and Freezer Burn ( 2005 ) . She has had guest appearances on TV series such as I 'm with Her , Two and a Half Men , Quintuplets , and Joey . She has also appeared in a music video for William Hung 's She Bangs as the artist 's `` new girlfriend '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bbdb51464c3e3f8c67124de581ecb210", "text": "Stephanie Austin Stephanie Austin is an American film producer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a92092bf00ca7d0cd9cd93f919782cc8", "text": "Bark! Bark ! is a 2002 film written by Heather Morgan , directed by Katarzyna Adamik ( the daughter of director Agnieszka Holland ) and starring Morgan , Lee Tergesen , and Lisa Kudrow . The film debuted at the 2002 Sundance Film Festival , where it was nominated for a Grand Jury Prize . The `` extremely low-budget '' film , which had its origins in a 90-second comedy sketch , is about Lucy , a professional dogwalker ( played by Morgan ) , who gradually assumes the identity of a dog . Tergesen plays Peter , her embarrassed husband , and Kudrow plays their veterinarian . Variety , reviewing the film after its Sundance screening , said it `` seems to be a throwback to the craziness-as-higher-expression-of-individuality school that was in vogue between The King of Hearts and Harold and Maude , noting `` Lucy 's withdrawal does n't seem to spring from anything -- unless urban life 's everyday rudeness and an overbearingly suburban-banal family background count -- and scene by scene , Bark ! builds no discernible rhythm , viewpoint or mood apart from a faint , rudderless , shaggy-joke tenor . The film was screened at several film festivals , including the Moscow International Film Festival , the Munich Film Festival , the Warsaw International Film Festival , and the Cleveland International Film Festival , but never received a theatrical release . The film was eventually released on DVD in 2003 by TVA International .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0c2354bdfe3d316c78ab2cea45054fe0", "text": "The Hours (film) The Hours is a 2002 British-American drama film directed by Stephen Daldry , and starring Meryl Streep , Julianne Moore and Nicole Kidman . Supporting roles are played by Ed Harris , John C. Reilly , Stephen Dillane , Jeff Daniels , Miranda Richardson , Allison Janney , Toni Collette and Claire Danes . The screenplay by David Hare is based on Michael Cunningham 's 1999 Pulitzer Prize-winning novel of the same title . The plot focuses on three women of different generations whose lives are interconnected by the novel Mrs Dalloway by Virginia Woolf . These are Clarissa Vaughan ( Streep ) , a New Yorker preparing an award party for her AIDS-stricken long-time friend and poet , Richard ( Harris ) in 2001 ; Laura Brown ( Moore ) , a pregnant 1950s California housewife with a young boy and an unhappy marriage ; and Virginia Woolf ( Kidman ) herself in 1920s England , who is struggling with depression and mental illness while trying to write her novel . The film was released in Los Angeles and New York City on Christmas Day 2002 , and was given a limited release in the United States and Canada two days later on December 27 , 2002 . It did not receive a wide release in North America until January 2003 , and was then released in British cinemas on Valentine 's Day that year . Critical reaction to the film was mostly positive , with nine Academy Award nominations for The Hours including Best Picture , and a win for Nicole Kidman as Best Actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e8581742a4589f8374fc0996307f390", "text": "Gotham Independent Film Awards 2007 The 17th Annual Gotham Independent Film Awards were held on November 27 , 2007 . The nominees were announced on October 22 , 2007 . The ceremony was hosted by Sarah Jones .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cc24aca1de49c2bb1213b0a4266f2f6f", "text": "Independent Spirit Award for Best Editing The Independent Spirit Award for Best Editing is one of the annual awards given by Independent Spirit Awards , a non-profit organization dedicated to independent film and independent filmmakers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64209cd12f93d721eb7414a20a784073", "text": "60th Golden Globe Awards 60thGolden Globe Awards January 19 , 2003 Picture -- Drama : The Hours Picture -- Comedy or Musical : Chicago TV Series -- Drama : The Shield TV Series -- Musical or Comedy : Curb Your Enthusiasm The 60th Golden Globe Awards , honoring the best in film and television for 2002 , were held on January 19 , 2003 in the Beverly Hilton Hotel , Beverly Hills , California .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a72b01d00759981107b1df1b18e5e86a", "text": "Stephanie Honoré Stephanie Honoré Sanchez ( born May 11 , 1984 ) is an American actress best known for her scream queen roles in horror films , such as The Final Destination and Mirrors 2 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d3e5ec1cd3f4e7a9b318570c7820b9a", "text": "Black Reel Awards of 2012 The 2012 Black Reel Awards , which annually recognize and celebrate the achievements of black people in feature , independent and television films , took place in Washington , D.C. on February 9 , 2012 . While the film Pariah had the most nominations with nine , The Help was the big winner taking home six out of the seven awards for which it was nominated . Attack the Block and Shame were also multiple winners , with each winning two awards . Octavia Spencer , Viola Davis and Steve McQueen also won two awards apiece .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c3f466c521d342f2beb085d62e4d694f", "text": "Melissa Goad Melissa Goad ( born July 10 , 1982 ) is an actress and model , mostly known for independent dramas and horror movies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b4cd16301a82f656965626e78b2b83cb", "text": "Sarah Polley Sarah Ellen Polley ( born January 8 , 1979 ) is a Canadian actress , writer , director and political activist . Polley first garnered attention as a child actress for her role as Sara Stanley in the Canadian television series Road to Avonlea ( 1990 -- 1996 ) . She has starred in many feature films , including Exotica ( 1994 ) , The Sweet Hereafter ( 1997 ) , Guinevere ( 1999 ) , Go ( 1999 ) , The Weight of Water ( 2000 ) , My Life Without Me ( 2003 ) , Dawn of the Dead ( 2004 ) , Splice ( 2009 ) , and Mr. Nobody ( 2009 ) . Polley made her feature film directorial debut with Away from Her ( 2006 ) , for which she won a Genie Award for Best Achievement in Direction and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay . Polley 's second film , Take This Waltz ( 2011 ) , premiered at the 2011 Toronto International Film Festival . Her film Stories We Tell ( 2012 ) is a feature-length documentary . It had its world premiere at the 2012 Venice Film Festival , and its North American premiere followed at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival . The Toronto Film Critics Association awarded it the $ 100,000 prize for best Canadian film of the year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "491baf8a32004715acececd6f8eeff3f", "text": "Just a Little Harmless Sex Just a Little Harmless Sex is a 1999 romantic comedy film which revolves around the offer of oral sex by a stranded motorist ( and prostitute ) to a monogamous man who stops to help her . Arrested by a passing police officer , the unlikely good Samaritan must telephone his wife to bail him out in the middle of the night . A few days later , she throws him out of the house and goes out with her friends to enjoy a sexy night on the town . The denouement takes place when all the parties meet at a local nightclub for explanations and apologies . The film was directed by Rick Rosenthal , and stars Alison Eastwood , Rachel Hunter , and Lauren Hutton . The film received generally poor reviews from critics , with a Rotten Tomatoes rating of 20 % derived from five professional reviews . Writing for The New York Times , Lawrence Van Gelder compared the film to a TV sitcom , and said the movie was `` well cast , well acted and thoroughly inconsequential '' . Writing for Variety , Lael Loewenstein said `` what saves -LSB- the film -RSB- from being utterly predictable is its zesty dialogue '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab38fc0a9931ba848422b711734482bc", "text": "They (2002 film) They ( also known as Wes Craven Presents : They ) is a 2002 American supernatural horror film directed by Robert Harmon . The plot centers on a group of four adults named Julia Lund , Sam Burnside , Terry Alba , and Billy Parks and their experience with the phenomenon of night terrors and the impact they had on their lives as children and how they come back to haunt them as adults . The film was produced by Ted Field , Tom Engleman , and Wes Craven who served as executive producer . The film stars Laura Regan , Ethan Embry , Dagmara Dominczyk , Jay Brazeau , and Marc Blucas . The title is a reference to the fact that the creatures are only referred to as `` They '' as their origins are ambiguous . The film was a box office bomb and had lukewarm reviews from critics .", "title": "" } ]	fever
5115a62654385095d194151c90783c3d	J. Howard Marshall was born in 1905.	[ { "docid": "1f088e2d776e9ebc056a65c3afbf866c", "text": "J. Howard Marshall James Howard Marshall II ( January 24 , 1905 -- August 4 , 1995 ) was an American businessman , academic , attorney , and government official . His life spanned nine decades and almost the entire history of the oil industry , from the early years when uncontrolled production depleted valuable fields and natural gas was burned at the well head , to the decades of energy shortages and the Arab Oil Embargo . Marshall was married to Anna Nicole Smith during the last 14 months of his life . His estate became the subject of protracted litigation which was reviewed by the Supreme Court in Marshall v. Marshall and Stern v. Marshall .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "2b59feffd17efaec8e1069bc92d1c00e", "text": "Veterans Memorial Fieldhouse The Veterans Memorial Fieldhouse was an 8,500-seat ( 6,500 for basketball ) multi-purpose arena in Huntington , West Virginia . It was built in 1950 . Prior to the completion of the Huntington Civic Center ( now known as Big Sandy Superstore Arena ) in 1976 , it was the only large arena in the city . It closed on February 10 , 2012 , and was demolished later that year . The Fieldhouse was the home of the Marshall University basketball teams until the completion of the Cam Henderson Center in 1981 . It also hosted the West Virginia public high school championships on a rotating basis with Charleston and Morgantown between 1962 and 1970 , and the state Catholic championships every year from 1950 until the public and Catholic leagues were merged in 1979 . Following the demise of the Catholic League , the local St. Joseph Catholic High School hosted the `` St. Joe Invitational '' which continued the tradition of skits and plays from that league . The arena was home to the International Hockey League 's short-lived Huntington Hornets for the league 's 1956 -- 57 season , which was not successful , as the team went 26 -- 30 -- 4 for the season . It was the home of all high schools in the city until 1990 and was the home of St. Joseph High until 2011 . It was the home of the Huntington Heroes American Indoor Football League team in 2005-06 before they moved to Big Sandy Superstore Arena . In addition , the venue also hosts several high school athletic events , including wrestling and basketball matches . In the aftermath of the November 14 , 1970 Marshall University air tragedy , which claimed the lives of 75 Marshall University football team members , coaches , support staff , boosters and Southern Airways flight crew , the Fieldhouse was the site of a community memorial service on Sunday evening , November 15 , 1970 that attracted an estimated 7,000 mourners to the arena . Since the completion of the two more modern facilities , the Fieldhouse had been the home of smaller concert events . The facility was built in an era when boxing was more popular and thus was designed around that sport and remained an excellent venue for boxing and professional wrestling . After Marshall moved out , the Fieldhouse started to fall into a state of disrepair . As of 2011 , the aging structure was in need of significant roof repairs and interior renovations and had become a financial burden for its owner/operator , the Greater Huntington Park and Recreation District , which operated the arena at a financial loss . In April , 2011 , the District Board voted unanimously to transfer the Veterans Memorial Fieldhouse property to Marshall University , which will redevelop the site as part of a $ 30 million athletic facilities project approved by the Marshall University Board of Governors . The only condition of the transfer was that the area be known as the `` Veterans Memorial '' area . Marshall University will spend $ 5.4 million on the Veterans Memorial Fieldhouse phase of the facilities project , which included demolition of the 61-year-old venue and construction of Veterans Memorial Soccer Complex and veteran 's memorial park on the site . To allow for the project , the university agreed to allow St. Joseph Catholic High School to move their home games to the Henderson Center , but then an NCAA ruling prohibited regular season games in college owned venues was passed . A grand finale event for the 62-year-old venue - a Marshall University alumni basketball game and a veterans recognition ceremony - was held on February 10 , 2012 . The last shot ever in the building was made by Marshall great Russell Lee , and the crowd was addressed by the state 's only living Medal of Honor recipient , Hershel W. Williams . Seating , signage and memorabilia was available for sale to the public through a silent auction of Field House memorabilia at and after the event . The most recent basketball floor ( itself bought second hand from Marshall University when the current Henderson Center floor was installed and still bearing the markings from Marshall 's Mid-American Conference era ) was bought by the Big Sandy Superstore Arena . Ownership of the arena was transferred to Marshall University at the end of February , 2012 . Demolition was completed by mid July 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6db6bb09fdfba581e960647bbad55f55", "text": "Peter Whetstone Peter Whetstone ( c. late 18th century -- 1843 ) was an early pioneer leader in the Republic of Texas most remembered for founding the city of Marshall , Texas with Isaac Van Zandt . Whetstone married Dicey , or Dicy , Webster in 1816 in Arkansas . He may have left Arkansas for Texas in 1829 , when he transferred land to a Charlton Thompson in Lovely County , Arkansas , in what is now Oklahoma . When he settled in Harrison County , Texas in 1838 he received a first-class certificate grant , which were only issued to married men who were in Texas when the Texas Declaration of Independence was ratified , indicating he was in Texas before March 2 , 1836 . In 1841 a new seat was sought for Harrison County , and Whetstone offered some of his land in central Harrison County to build a church and a school on , and to subsequently divide the remainder into 190 lots . Commissioners were initially concerned that the water in the area would not be good . The reason for moving the county seat from a site on the Sabine River like Pulaski was that it had poor water and was prone to disease and flooding . Whetstone supposedly convinced the commissioners that the water was good by pulling a jug of whiskey out from a hollow in an oak tree in what is now downtown Marshall . He passed around the jug , and convinced the commissioners to build on the site ; either by convincing them that the whiskey ( and water ) were good , getting them drunk , or both . Some historians view this account as embellished or untrue . Despite being credited with the founding of Marshall , Whetstone 's friend Isaac Van Zandt laid out the city and named it in honor of John Marshall . Whetstone soon became entangled in the Regulator -- Moderator War as a Moderator . He supposedly killed over twenty people , and was described in his obituary as a `` noted freebooter who for many years has been an object of terror and hatred on the eastern frontier of Texas '' . In November 1843 , Whetstone was shot and killed by a Regulator , Col. William T. Boulware , on Marshall 's city square , later named Whetstone Square . His estate remained unsettled by his widow Dicey for some years after his death . Whetstone 's grave is unmarked , although he is traditionally believed to be buried at a site off what is now Martin Luther King , Jr. . Boulevard . Ironically , Whetstone , who was illiterate , is often attributed with establishing Marshall as an educational center by helping to finance early schools and academies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "edcf6ecedda4d7ffe73c7b5c41d0b157", "text": "Marshall D. Gates, Jr. Marshall D. Gates , Jr. ( 1915 -- 2003 ) was an American chemist , holding the position of C.F. Houghton Professor of Chemistry at the University of Rochester . He was an organic chemist whose research was in the field of natural product synthesis . He is best known for publishing the first total synthesis of morphine in 1952 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "20cd4222019383bb885cc1afd2b6796a", "text": "John Marshall (author) John Marshall ( 9 March 1845 -- 15 December 1915 ) was a British classicist and the rector of the Royal High School , Edinburgh , who published very widely used translations of several Greek and Roman classics , and a history of Greek philosophy . He received a M.A. from Oxford University and an honorary LL.D . from the University of Edinburgh . He is the author of the book A Short History of Greek Philosophy which was published in 1891 in London by Percival and Co. and can be found in epub form According to WorldCat , the book is held in 625 libraries , and has been translated into Hebrew by ; Samuel Scolnicov as תולדות הפילוסופיה היוונית / Toldot ha-filosofyah ha-Yeṿanit It was reviewed by Wm. A. Hammond.in The Philosophical Review . vol . 1 , no. 1 : 109-111 . ( 1892 ) He translated Horace 's Odes , bk . I-IV , Epodes. , and Saecular hymn , tr . by Dr. J. Marshall for the Everyman 's Library edition of the Complete Works of Horace published in 1911 , ( this edition in its various version is in 1357 libraries according to WorldCat . He also translated Xenophon 's Memorabilia and Anabasis ,", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eb082f2b9ed514877299523c6858f1e9", "text": "Marshalls Marshalls , Inc. , is a chain of American and Canadian off-price department stores owned by TJX Companies . Marshalls has over 975 American stores , including larger stores named Marshalls Mega Store , covering 42 states and Puerto Rico , and 38 stores in Canada . Marshalls first expanded into Canada in March 2011 . Marshalls is the U.S. 's second largest off-price family apparel and home fashion retailer , behind its sister company , T.J. Maxx .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "af94b4acf86f8ad5cd6395fcd298a7ef", "text": "George Marshall (disambiguation) George Marshall ( 1880 -- 1959 ) was an American general , Chief of Staff of the United States Army , Secretary of State , President of the American Red Cross , and Secretary of Defense . George Marshall may also refer to : George Marshall ( academic ) , principal of Trevelyan College , University of Durham George Marshall ( athlete ) ( 1877 -- ? ) , British runner George Marshall ( conservationist ) ( 1904 -- 2000 ) , American conservationist and political activist George Marshall ( Victoria cricketer ) ( 1829 -- 1868 ) , Australian cricketer who played for Victoria George Marshall ( Tasmania cricketer ) ( 1832 -- 1905 ) , Australian cricketer who played for Tasmania George Marshall ( environmentalist ) ( 1964 -- ) , British environmentalist George Marshall ( footballer ) ( 1869 -- 1938 ) , English footballer George Marshall ( MP ) , Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Boroughbridge George Alexander Marshall ( 1851 -- 1899 ) , U.S. Representative from Ohio George Marshall ( judge ) ( 1906 -- 1981 ) American attorney George Marshall ( entrepreneur ) American real estate tycoon George Marshall ( director ) ( 1891 -- 1975 ) , actor and director George Frederick Leycester Marshall ( 1843 -- 1934 ) , military officer and naturalist George H. Marshall ( 1916 -- 1984 ) , British educator , campaigner and author George Preston Marshall ( 1896 -- 1969 ) , American football team owner George Sidney Marshall ( 1869 -- 1956 ) , 38th mayor of Columbus , Ohio George William Marshall ( 1839 -- 1905 ) , English officer of arms G. M. Marshall ( 1834 -- ? ) , Wisconsin State Assemblyman George C. Marshall High School ( built : 1963 ) Public high school in northern Virginia", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2ed2badbe7723e4170aaa1999bd1487d", "text": "Marshall Eugene DeWolfe Marshall Eugene DeWolfe ( September 22 , 1880 -- January 1 , 1915 ) was the only child of future First Lady Florence Harding ( then , Florence Kling ) and her first husband , Henry Athenton `` Pete '' DeWolfe ( 4 March 1859 - 8 March 1894 ) . Born in Galion , Crawford County , Ohio , young DeWolfe was primarily raised by his mother ; his father was a chronic alcoholic who was absent from the home for days at a time . Those doing research on the Hardings , including John Dean and Robert Ferrell among others , have never been able to find documentary proof of a regular marriage between Kling and DeWolfe , leading some people to conclude it was a common law marriage -- a form of irregular marriage contracted by habit and repute , which was not abolished in Ohio until 1991 . The marriage between Kling and DeWolfe is otherwise attested by the papers from their divorce proceeding , which are on file in Marion County Ohio . It is also possible that they had a regular marriage and the officiant who solemnized it simply failed to return the marriage certificate to the county , or the county clerk 's office subsequently lost it . A record of the issuance of a marriage license was printed in The Marion Star on January 31 , 1880 ; and the January 27 , 1880 edition of the same paper refers to a marriage having occurred at Columbus on January 22 , 1880 . The documentary proof of a regular marriage is the marriage certificate , which is completed by the solemnizing officiant and returned to the county clerk for recordation . The marriage certificate usually comprises the lower part of the same document as the marriage license , so if the certificate gets lost on its way to the county clerk the license will be lost along with it . Following the divorce of his parents , young Marshall was raised by his grandparents , Amos Hall Kling and Louisa `` Louise '' Mabel ( Bouton ) Kling , while his mother lived independently and earned an income as a piano teacher in Marion , Ohio . As part of the agreement with her father , Florence would not have a role in her own son 's upbringing . Throughout his life , Marshall used either his Kling or DeWolfe surname . Florence Kling DeWolfe married newspaper publisher Warren G. Harding in 1891 . However , Marshall remained under his grandfather 's control and roof . While a room was set aside for him in the Harding home , Marshall never felt at home under his mother 's roof , and never comfortable under his grandfather 's strict control . DeWolfe studied journalism at the University of Michigan from 1899 to 1903 . While attending Michigan , he played football as a quarterback on the Michigan Wolverines all-freshman football team in 1899 . DeWolfe aspired to be a newspaperman like his stepfather Warren G. Harding . By all accounts , his relationship with Harding was closer than the relationship that he had with his mother . After his graduation from Marion High School , DeWolfe was given a job at the Marion Daily Star . DeWolfe eventually purchased a struggling newspaper in Colorado , moving there with his young family . The venture was unsuccessful , as was a later farming attempt , due in part to his problem with alcoholism . Marshall Kling DeWolfe died of the effects of alcoholism and tuberculosis in Colorado on January 1 , 1915 , at the age of 34 . His death , the return of his body to Marion and his funeral were events that were not known in the community . He is buried in an unmarked grave in the DeWolfe family plot in Marion Cemetery . Marshall Eugene DeWolfe married Esther Naomi Neely . Their son , George Warren DeWolfe ( 1914-1968 ) , and daughter , Eugenia DeWolfe ( 1911-1978 ) , were the principal heirs to the estate left by their grandmother , Florence Harding , following her death on November 21 , 1924 . When Warren G. Harding ran for President in 1920 , his wife skilfully bluffed reporters into believing that she had been a widow , not a divorcee , when they married . When she duly became First Lady , her ex-husband and son were forbidden topics at the White House and in the press .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6a8c74ced83da8a9795233bf9990197d", "text": "John Marshall High School (Los Angeles) John Marshall High School is a high school located in the Los Feliz district of the City of Los Angeles at 3939 Tracy Street in Los Angeles , California . Marshall , which serves grades 9 through 12 , is a part of the Los Angeles Unified School District . Marshall is named after jurist John Marshall , who served as the fourth Chief Justice of the United States for three decades . Students at Marshall primarily come from Los Feliz , Atwater Village , East Hollywood , northeastern Koreatown , Elysian Valley , and Silver Lake . John Marshall High School offers a good number of Advanced Placement and honors courses on top of the regular curriculum . The variety of AP courses offered makes it possible to take almost every major subject offered in grades 9 -- 12 in the AP system . Entry to these courses in the past has been granted to students with high grades or letters of recommendation from their previous teachers . Many of the students who have taken AP courses move on to campuses of the University of California , with some top students achieving admission to Ivy League universities or other universities in the Top 25 , as ranked by U.S. News & World Report . Within the school , there are many Small Learning Communities , including the School for Environmental Studies , the school 's only California Partnership Academy , the Performing Arts Academy , the Artistic Vision Academy , the STARS Academy , the Renaissance Academy , and the Social Justice Academy . The School also houses a School for Advanced Studies and a Gifted/High Ability Magnet .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "52c7283e650584337f7251062af98a36", "text": "Marion Marshall (actress) Marion Marshall ( born Marion Tanner ; June 8 , 1929 ) is an American actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d574664e2c341f78b56ef3f79a2fe872", "text": "Chicago and Alton Depot Chicago and Alton Depot , also known as the Illinois Central Gulf Depot , is a historic train station located at Marshall , Saline County , Missouri . It was designed by the noted architect Jarvis Hunt and built in 1906 by the Chicago and Alton Railroad . It is a one-story , brick and stone building with Jacobethan Revival and Mission Revival style design elements . The building measures approximately 113 feet 2 inches in length and 42 feet 11 inches wide . It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2dc215d61746cd2ca090ccccfdd92d41", "text": "John Howard (author) John Howard is an English author , born in London in 1961 . His fiction has appeared in anthologies , magazines , and the collections The Silver Voices , Written by Daylight , and Cities and Thrones and Powers . The majority of Howard 's stories have central and eastern European settings ; many are set in the fictional Romanian town of Steaua de Munte . The Defeat of Grief is a novella set in Steaua de Munte and the real Black Sea resort of Balcic ; the novellas `` The Fatal Vision '' ( in Cities and Thrones and Powers ) and The Lustre of Time form part of an ongoing series with Steaua de Munte architect and academic Cristian Luca as protagonist . Numbered as Sand or the Stars attempts a ` secret history ' of Hungary between the World Wars . Secret Europe is a collection jointly written with Mark Valentine comprising 25 short stories set in a variety of real and fictional European locations . Ten of the stories are by Howard and fifteen by Valentine . The expanded edition published in 2014 added an introduction and an extra story by Mark Valentine . Howard contributed a story to Dreams of Ourselves , an anthology published in tribute to the Portuguese writer Fernando Pessoa . Contributors and editor used Pessoa heteronyms , with the authors ' names only revealed in the sealed envelope supplied with each copy of the book . Since 2003 John Howard has occasionally collaborated on short stories with Mark Valentine . Seven have featured Valentine 's long-running series character The Connoisseur , an occult detective whose real name is never revealed . All tales of The Connoisseur then extant , including the collaborations , were reprinted in The Collected Connoisseur ( Tartarus Press , 2010 ) . John Howard has written essays for numerous magazines including Book and Magazine Collector , Supernatural Tales , Wormwood , Studies in Australian Weird Fiction , and All Hallows for the Ghost Story Society . He contributed essays to the Fritz Leiber special issue of Fantasy Commentator ( No. 57/58 , 2004 ) and to the books Black Prometheus : A Critical Study of Karl Edward Wagner ( Gothic Press , 2007 ) , Fritz Leiber : Critical Essays ( McFarlane , 2008 ) , and The Man Who Collected Psychos : Critical Essays on Robert Bloch ( McFarlane , 2009 ) , all edited by Benjamin Szumskyj . Most of these essays were included in Touchstones : Essays on the Fantastic ( 2014 ) , which was a British Fantasy Award nominee the following year . In 2013 Howard took over the review column Camera Obscura in Tartarus Press ' journal Wormwood .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "472c6a2dcaa5d7d44909087a6db65293", "text": "1905 Michigan Agricultural Aggies football team The 1905 Michigan Agricultural Aggies football team represented Michigan Agricultural College ( MAC ) in the 1905 college football season . In their third year under head coach Chester Brewer , the Aggies compiled a 10 -- 2 record and outscored their opponents 349 to 75 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a39685a2b0d769ea3ba7ff16004409b9", "text": "Russell Marshall Cedric Russell Marshall ( born 15 February 1936 ) , known as Russell Marshall , is a former New Zealand politician of the Labour Party and diplomat .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "12e3f38c8c2a29acf996a94d7073fb78", "text": "Herbert Marshall Herbert Brough Falcon Marshall ( 23 May 1890 -- 22 January 1966 ) was an English stage , screen and radio actor who , in spite of losing a leg during the First World War , starred in many popular and well-regarded Hollywood films in the 1930s and 1940s . After a successful theatrical career in the United Kingdom and North America , he became an in-demand Hollywood leading man , frequently appearing in romantic melodramas and occasional comedies . In his later years , he turned to character acting . The son of actors , Marshall is best remembered for roles in Ernst Lubitsch 's Trouble in Paradise ( 1932 ) , Alfred Hitchcock 's Murder ! ( 1930 ) and Foreign Correspondent ( 1940 ) , William Wyler 's The Letter ( 1940 ) and The Little Foxes ( 1941 ) , Albert Lewin 's The Moon and Sixpence ( 1942 ) , Edmund Goulding 's The Razor 's Edge ( 1946 ) , and Kurt Neumann 's The Fly ( 1958 ) . He appeared onscreen with many of the most prominent leading ladies of Hollywood 's Golden Age , including Greta Garbo , Marlene Dietrich and Bette Davis . From 1944 to 1952 , Marshall starred in his own radio series , The Man Called ` X ' . Often praised for the quality of his voice , he made numerous radio guest appearances and hosted several shows . He performed on television as well . The actor , known for his charm , married five times and periodically appeared in gossip columns because of his sometimes turbulent private life . During the Second World War , he worked on the rehabilitation of injured troops , especially aiding amputees like himself . Marshall received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1960 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ff05a89438234ce5a64a0086ab088816", "text": "Rex Marshall Rex Marshall , ( born Marshall Bingeman Shantz , Jr. . January 10 , 1919 -- March 9 , 1983 ) was an American actor , television announcer , and a radio personality for 46 years . His career began in Boston , Massachusetts as a reporter for a radio station and ended in White River Junction as the owner of his own radio station . Marshall 's most memorable role was as the host and announcer of the anthology television drama series Suspense from 1949 -- 1954 . He was also remembered as an announcer on the radio , spokesman for the Reynolds Aluminum Company for 25 years and as the spokesman for the Maxwell House coffee brand .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aafd17a5377b6bbb7badf3d403480cc7", "text": "1905 St. Louis Cardinals season The 1905 St. Louis Cardinals season was the team 's 24th season in St. Louis , Missouri and the 14th season in the National League . The Cardinals went 58 -- 96 during the season and finished sixth in the National League .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2486118bd2ac8a7b1e5748e164d0d1ed", "text": "Marshall Brewing Company Marshall Brewing Company is a brewery in Tulsa , Oklahoma , USA . It opened in 2008 in a 7300 sqft facility outside downtown Tulsa , Oklahoma . It is the first commercial brewing facility in Tulsa since World War II . The brewery produced about 1200 USbeerbbl in 2009 and 2000 USbeerbbl in 2010 . Currently , Marshall Brewing offers four year-round core beers : a North German-style pilsner , an English bitter , an India Pale Ale and American-style wheat ale . Not considered one of their `` core '' beers , but a product offered year-round is the El Cucuy , an India-style Black Ale . Their beers are available throughout the state of Oklahoma as well as in select locations in Kansas , Missouri and Arkansas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e3c6dcffb5f25aa0a09f2160dc74500", "text": "1905 TCU Horned Frogs football team The 1905 TCU Horned Frogs football team represented Texas Christian University ( TCU ) in the 1905 college football season . The Horned Frogs finished the season 4 -- 4 overall . The team was coached by Emory J. Hyde in his first year as head coach . The Frogs played their home games at Clark Field , which was located on campus in Fort Worth , Texas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7ec82e6aab832104e8217d98fdf3e49b", "text": "1905 Australasian Championships The 1905 Australasian Championships was a tennis tournament played on Grass courts in Melbourne , Australia at Warehouseman 's Cricket Ground . The tournament took place from 17 November through 27 November 1905 . It was the inaugural edition of the Australasian Championships and consisted of a men 's singles and men 's doubles competition . The men 's singles event had a field of 17 players and was won by Australian Rodney Heath .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a09f8da48923fe41a1c35333e1cc05a7", "text": "Charles Hamilton Houston Charles Hamilton Houston ( September 3 , 1895 -- April 22 , 1950 ) was a prominent African-American lawyer , Dean of Howard University Law School , and NAACP first special counsel , or Litigation Director . A graduate of Amherst College and Harvard Law School , Houston played a significant role in dismantling Jim Crow laws , especially attacking segregation in schools and racial housing convenants . He earned the title `` The Man Who Killed Jim Crow '' . Houston is also well known for having trained and mentored a generation of black attorneys , including Thurgood Marshall , future director of the NAACP 's Legal Defense Fund and appointed as Supreme Court Justice . He recruited young lawyers to work on the NAACP 's litigation campaigns , building connections between Howard 's and Harvard 's university law schools .", "title": "" } ]	fever
01b86ad971ece4363cc5abd8dbe1039b	Alive 2006/2007 was a tour by a French chef.	[ { "docid": "d7e93838c2ca8da44494313d48545f94", "text": "Alive 2006/2007 Alive 2006/2007 was a concert tour by French electronic music duo Daft Punk , their first tour as a duo since 1997 . While the 2006 concerts were not given a formal title , the 2007 performances were advertised as `` Alive 2007 '' . The 2006 performances and 2007 tour as a whole was later retroactively named `` Alive 2006/2007 '' . The tour was met with praise and critical acclaim . The Times described Daft Punk 's set as a `` memorable sensory spectacle , both dazzling and deafening '' .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "e77f2a7aa5af67d28b424c2cc7732aec", "text": "Carlo Cracco Carlo Cracco ( born October 8 , 1965 in Creazzo , Veneto ) is an Italian chef and television personality .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "63118f4f494b5d74bf648c36886e285b", "text": "Michel Roux Jr. Michel Albert Roux ( born 23 May 1960 ) , known as Michel Roux Jr. , is a British two-star Michelin chef at the London restaurant Le Gavroche .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "13ca11c9f9287e93ec9977a4ff2a3cfd", "text": "Nouvelle cuisine Nouvelle cuisine ( French , `` new cuisine '' ) is an approach to cooking and food presentation in French cuisine . In contrast to cuisine classique , an older form of haute cuisine , nouvelle cuisine is characterized by lighter , more delicate dishes and an increased emphasis on presentation . It was popularized in the 1960s by the food critics Henri Gault , who invented the phrase , and his colleagues André Gayot and Christian Millau in a new restaurant guide , the Gault-Millau , or Le Nouveau Guide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18b99b533553c965a88b9fc4e39dd553", "text": "Grand Tour The Grand Tour was the traditional trip of Europe undertaken by mainly upper class European young men of sufficient means and rank ( or those of more humble origin who could find a sponsor ) , as well as young women if they were also of sufficient means , and accompanied by a chaperone , such as other family members , when they had come of age ( about the age of 21 years old ) . The custom flourished from about 1660 , until the advent of large-scale rail transport in the 1840s , and was associated with a standard itinerary . It served as an educational rite of passage . Though primarily associated with the British nobility and wealthy landed gentry , similar trips were made by wealthy young men of Protestant Northern European nations , and from the second half of the 18th century , by some South and North Americans . The tradition declined with the lapse of neo-classical enthusiasm and after rail and steamship travel made the journeys much easier when Thomas Cook made the `` Cook 's Tour '' of early mass tourism a byword . The New York Times in 2008 described the Grand Tour in this way : The primary value of the Grand Tour , it was believed , lay in the exposure both to the cultural legacy of classical antiquity and the Renaissance , and to the aristocratic and fashionably polite society of the European continent . In addition , it provided the only opportunity to view specific works of art , and possibly the only chance to hear certain music . A Grand Tour could last from several months to several years . It was commonly undertaken in the company of a Cicerone , a knowledgeable guide or tutor . The Grand Tour had more than superficial cultural importance ; as E. P. Thompson stated , `` ruling-class control in the 18th century was located primarily in a cultural hegemony , and only secondarily in an expression of economic or physical ( military ) power . '' The legacy of the Grand Tour lives on to the modern day and is still evident in works of travel and literature . From its aristocratic origins and the permutations of sentimental and romantic travel to the age of tourism and globalization , the Grand Tour still influences the destinations tourists choose and shapes the ideas of culture and sophistication that surround the act of travel . In essence , the Grand Tour was neither a scholar 's pilgrimage nor a religious one , though a pleasurable stay in Venice and a cautious residence in Rome were essential . Catholic Grand Tourists followed the same routes as Protestant Whigs . Since the 17th century , a tour to such places was also considered essential for budding young artists to understand proper painting and sculpture techniques , though the trappings of the Grand Tour -- valets and coachmen , perhaps a cook , certainly a `` bear-leader '' or scholarly guide -- were beyond their reach . The advent of popular guides , such as the Richardsons ' , did much to popularise such trips , and following the artists themselves , the elite considered travel to such centres as necessary rites of passage . For gentlemen , some works of art were essential to demonstrate the breadth and polish they had received from their tour : in Rome , antiquaries like Thomas Jenkins provided access to private collections of antiquities , among which enough proved to be for sale that the English market raised the price of such things , and for coins and medals , which formed more portable souvenirs and a respected gentleman 's guide to ancient history . Pompeo Batoni made a career of painting English milordi posed with graceful ease among Roman antiquities . Many continued on to Naples , where they viewed Herculaneum and Pompeii , but few ventured far into southern Italy or Malta , and fewer still to Greece , still under Turkish rule .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "024c425168a30c84fbd0be87e5fe45a1", "text": "Grant Achatz Grant Achatz ( born April 25 , 1974 ) is an American chef and restaurateur often identified as one of the leaders in molecular gastronomy or progressive cuisine . His Chicago restaurant Alinea has won numerous accolades , and Achatz himself has won numerous awards from prominent culinary institutions and publications including the `` Rising Star Chef of the Year Award '' for 2003 , `` Best Chef in the United States '' for 2008 , and a 2012 `` Who 's Who Inductee '' from the James Beard Foundation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c234b4f259dda9a5e2742585182a7542", "text": "Fernand Point Fernand Point ( 25 February 1897 in Louhans -- 4 March 1955 in Vienne ) was a French chef and restaurateur and is considered to be the father of modern French cuisine . He founded the French restaurant La Pyramide in Vienne near Lyon .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e72838beb30d17151008f2adabf91a02", "text": "Le Bernardin Le Bernardin is a Michelin Guide three-star French seafood restaurant located at 155 West 51st Street ( between 6th Avenue and 7th Avenue ) , in Midtown Manhattan in New York City . It was started in 1972 in Paris by Gilbert Le Coze and his sister Maguy Le Coze under the name Les Moines de St. Bernardin and moved to New York in 1986 . Gilbert le Coze died of a heart attack in 1994 , and Éric Ripert succeeded him as the head chef . Signature dishes include kindai maguro ( sustainably raised Japanese bluefin tuna ) , wagyu beef and escolar . Chef Ripert has gone on to open Philadelphia 's 10 Arts and Westend Bistro in Washington D.C.", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be83d95f64370d66848cda16ae6a8895", "text": "Robert Carrier (chef) Robert Carrier McMahon , OBE ( Tarrytown , New York , November 10 , 1923 -- France , June 27 , 2006 ) , usually known as Robert Carrier , was an American chef , restaurateur and cookery writer . His success came in England , where he was based from 1953 to 1984 , and then from 1994 until his death .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ddce98da24266f9c3917f06930314fc4", "text": "Brigade de cuisine Brigade de cuisine ( -LSB- bʁiɡad də kɥizin -RSB- , kitchen brigade ) is a system of hierarchy found in restaurants and hotels employing extensive staff , commonly referred to as `` kitchen staff '' in English-speaking countries . The concept was developed by Georges Auguste Escoffier . This structured team system delegates responsibilities to different individuals who specialize in certain tasks in the kitchen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ac69ea4bf168680841aaab07114fc025", "text": "Tru (restaurant) Tru is a French restaurant located in the Streeterville neighborhood in Chicago . Tru was opened in 1999 by Rick Tramonto and Gale Gand with the backing of Rich Melman 's Lettuce Entertain You Enterprises . It was a Michelin one-star restaurant since the Chicago guidebook 's inception in 2011 ; in 2017 the restaurant was awarded two Michelin stars . Since 2008 , the Executive Chef is Anthony Martin .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "677b534c85e4288c55bffa35d05c14b6", "text": "Chefs (TV series) Chefs is a French drama television series . It has been distributed since 2015 on France 2 ( France ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "28eb58029d141838dd8cb2ed9e8ba7d7", "text": "Gilles Epié Gilles Epié ( Nantes , 1958 ) is a leading French chef . He was the youngest chef to receive the prestigious Michelin Star when he was 22 years old . He currently owns and runs Citrus Etoile along with his wife in Paris .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7ba717091b53ee54d14ab7fbaada82ab", "text": "Gilbert Bécaud Gilbert Bécaud ( -LSB- ʒil.bɛːʁ be.ko -RSB- , 24 October 1927 -- 18 December 2001 ) was a French singer , composer , pianist and actor , known as `` Monsieur 100,000 Volts '' for his energetic performances . His best-known hits are `` Nathalie '' and `` Et maintenant '' , a 1961 release that became an English language hit as `` What Now My Love '' . He remained a popular artist for nearly fifty years , identifiable in his dark blue suits , with a white shirt and `` lucky tie '' ; blue with white polka dots . When asked to explain his gift he said , `` A flower does n't understand botany . '' His favourite venue was the Paris Olympia under the management of Bruno Coquatrix . He debuted there in 1954 and headlined in 1955 , attracting 6,000 on his first night , three times the capacity . On November 13 , 1997 , Bécaud was present for the re-opening of the venue after its reconstruction .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0dd5cc1fd36d5e5289e0f21abc83e81e", "text": "Jacques a dit `` Jacques a dit '' is the name of a 2007 song recorded by the French singer Christophe Willem . It was released on 5 October 2007 as the third single from his debut album , Inventaire . It achieved a great success , particularly in Belgium , where it topped the chart , but its sales were less spectacular than those of the previous single , `` Double Je '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8c01f51ae4f45da290179dc781629ddc", "text": "Le Dôme Café Le Dôme Café ( -LSB- lə dom -RSB- ) or Café du Dôme is a restaurant in Montparnasse , Paris . From the beginning of the 1900s , it was renowned as an intellectual gathering place . It was widely known as `` the Anglo-American café . '' Opening in 1898 , it was the first such café in Montparnasse . It `` created and disseminated gossip , and provided message exchanges and an ` over the table ' market that dealt in artistic and literary futures . '' It was frequented by the famous ( and soon to be famous ) painters , sculptors , writers , poets , models , art connoisseurs and dealers . Le Dôme later became the gathering place of the American literary colony and became a focal point for artists residing in Paris 's Left Bank . A poor artist used to be able to get a Saucisse de Toulouse and a plate of mashed potatoes for $ 1 . Today , it is a top fish restaurant ( the Michelin Guide gives it one star ) , with a comfortably old-fashioned decor . The food writer Patricia Wells said , `` I could dine at Le Dôme once a week , feasting on platters of briny oysters and their incomparable sole meunière . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ebdf70a9102615506ba636b5d556d618", "text": "Alexis Gauthier Alexis Pascal Gauthier ( born 24 June 1973 ) is a French chef . He is the chef patron of the Gauthier Soho restaurant in Soho , London and was awarded a Michelin star in 2011 b . He previously held a Michelin star as head chef of the restaurant Roussillon in Pimlico , London , until 2010 . He trained under Alain Ducasse at Le Louis XV in Monaco , and has appeared as a judge on two versions of the BBC One television show MasterChef .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "35f3314e6fc1c8b3bd34b222879850f2", "text": "Michel Portos Michel Portos ( born 4 April 1963 ) is a French chef , two stars at the Guide Michelin .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4f9b2ef7038105ad9e9e9d05cbe0418c", "text": "Emeril Live Emeril Live is a television program that aired on the Food Network from 1997 to 2007 and then The Cooking Channel from 2008 to 2010 . Hosted by Emeril Lagasse , Emeril Live featured many of the same elements as Emeril 's other program , Essence of Emeril and often had a Creole theme . The program was taped in front of a live audience in New York City and featured music played by Doc Gibbs and the Emeril Live Band . In 2004 , the program moved to Chelsea Market . Emeril Live began production in 1997 , and won a CableACE Award for `` Best Informational Show '' later that year . The program featured a wide variety of cuisine from cajun to stir-fry and often featured well-known chefs as guests who cook alongside Emeril . Some of the celebrities that appeared on the program include Charlie Daniels , Patti LaBelle , Michael McDonald , Joe Perry , Sammy Hagar , Aretha Franklin , Patton Oswalt , and Jimmy Buffett . Emeril sometimes let the audience taste the food that he prepares . He was known for his use of catchphrases , such as `` Pork fat rules '' , `` Kick it up a notch '' , `` Oh , yeah babe '' , and `` Bam ! '' , which he used when adding seasoning to the food that he was preparing . On November 27 , 2007 , the Food Network revealed it would halt production on the program on December 11 , 2007 . On May 20 , 2008 , the Fine Living network revealed that it would start airing Emeril Live , including never-before-seen episodes , beginning July 7 , 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6025ceaa64ad3dc04aa2fad23d4eea4b", "text": "French dressing French dressing is a term originally used for any oil-and-vinegar-based salad dressing . Today , it refers to a creamy ketchup-based dressing which varies in color from pale orange to bright red . It can be made by blending olive oil , vinegar , tomato paste , ketchup , brown sugar , paprika , and salt . In the United States during the 1950s , manufactured `` French dressing '' was developed . The manufactured version is sweet in taste and colored orange-to-red from the use of paprika and tomatoes . In manufactured versions , `` French dressing '' is generally a pale orange and creamy , while `` Catalina French dressing '' is generally bright red and less creamy in nature .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da48a571787b5802102c46bd4fa472dc", "text": "Olivier Brandicourt Olivier Brandicourt ( born 13 February 1956 in Casablanca ) is a French business executive and physician , and the current chief executive officer of Sanofi .", "title": "" } ]	fever
987c51848787aa0a82b27d01afa5233a	Tommy Lee Jones acts professionally.	[ { "docid": "fe61ed8dfc2e72b947b1a4755fdde3bd", "text": "Tommy Lee Jones Tommy Lee Jones ( born September 15 , 1946 ) is an American actor and filmmaker . He has received four Academy Award nominations , winning Best Supporting Actor for his performance as U.S. Marshal Samuel Gerard in the 1993 thriller film The Fugitive . His other notable starring roles include former Texas Ranger Woodrow F. Call in the TV mini-series Lonesome Dove , Agent K in the Men in Black film series , Sheriff Ed Tom Bell in No Country for Old Men , the villain Two-Face in Batman Forever , terrorist William Strannix in Under Siege , a Texas Ranger in Man of the House , rancher Pete Perkins in The Three Burials of Melquiades Estrada , which he directed , Colonel Chester Phillips in Captain America : The First Avenger , CIA Director Robert Dewey in Jason Bourne and Warden Dwight McClusky in Natural Born Killers . Jones has also portrayed real-life figures such as businessman Howard Hughes , Radical Republican Congressman Thaddeus Stevens , executed murderer Gary Gilmore , U.S. Army General Douglas MacArthur , Oliver Lynn , husband of Loretta Lynn in Coal Miner 's Daughter , and baseball great Ty Cobb . Early in his career , Jones first gained recognition for his contract role as Dr. Mark Toland on the soap opera One Life to Live for six years .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "2eb038aba46a8618514233fac6d1f668", "text": "Freddie Lee Peterkin Freddie Lee Peterkin , also known as Freddie Lee , is a published author , singer -- songwriter , actor and ordained interdenominational Minister , born in Pahokee , Florida . He is known for his gritty power soul vocals reminiscent of Bobby Womack . He has become an artist of public note through his 2008 independent release of the Soul and Gospel album Beyond Comprehension under the recording name of Freddie Lee . He made his prime time acting debut as `` DJ Freddie Murphy '' on Channel 4 's T4 Stars & Strikes and as a character in BBC2 's Grumpy Guide to Work in 2011 . He was also the voice for Bewiser Owl in the Bewiser Insurance TV commercial in 2012 and 2013 . He established himself in the live entertainment industry with his choreographed costume Soul Tribute stage productions for theatres and resorts in 1991 . These critically acclaimed shows include The Sounds of the Four Tops , The Sounds of the Drifters and The Sounds of the Temptations . Freddie Lee Peterkin is also a member of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity , Delta Psi Chapter a Fraternity known for members such as Martin Luther King . This historic organization was the first inter-collegiate Greek-letter organization established for Black college students founded on December 4 , 1906 . Peterkin was responsible for composing many Delta Psi Chapter fraternity anthems such as ' I Know I 've Been Changed ' written in 1985 while he was pledging . He was also a dancer and choreographer of the Delta Psi Chapter 's ` Step Shows ' . Stepping ( African-American ) or step-dancing is a form of percussive dance in which the participant 's entire body is used as an instrument to produce complex rhythms and sounds through a mixture of footsteps , spoken word , and hand claps and a strong part of Black Greek Letter Fraternities . Peterkin is the son of migrant workers originally from Georgia who came to Florida to pick crops for a living . He is of African and Seminole Indian heritage . His stepfather , James Elijah Jr. , was the lead vocalist of the 1960s and 1970s gospel group , The Royal Lights . His sister Breyona Elijah is part of the gospel group James Smith & Nu Birth and they are both cousins of Gospel group Damali . His mother Bernice Bell is also a singer and as a child won a competition to write a song for Joe Tex , for which she was awarded concert tickets and a chance to meet her idol . Joe Tex went on to have a major hit with the song but Bernice remained uncredited . Bernice Bell has been more recently recognized for her charity work and ran youth programs in Pahokee 's Padgett Island Community Center for 17 years and donating hot meals to Pahokee 's underprivileged children . The community center was recently renamed `` The Bernice Bell Community Center '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "47da890089e2131c643069c386149d55", "text": "Jeff Jones (music industry executive) Jeff Jones is a music industry executive best known as the CEO of Apple Corps , the company founded by The Beatles . Jones was formerly an Executive Vice President at Sony/BMG , where he managed Sony 's recorded catalogs , including repackaging classic albums . At Apple Corps he has overseen Beatles projects such as the launch of TheBeatles.com , the release of the band 's remastered catalog on CD , iTunes , and vinyl , the DVD and Blu-Ray releases of Help ! , Yellow Submarine and Magical Mystery Tour , The Beatles : Rock Band , and the Cirque du Soleil collaboration , including the Grammy-winning Love album . He also produced the compilations The Beatles in Mono and The Beatles Stereo Box Set , for which he won the 2011 Grammy Award for Best Historical Album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fa20f7bd019ce4a2398cdae883b213bb", "text": "The Lee Boys The Lee Boys are a funk and gospel band based out of Miami , Florida . The band plays in the Sacred Steel tradition that arose out of the musical stylings of the House of God Church . The band plays a mixture of funk music and gospel lyrics , staying true to their roots as a religious group . The band is similar in style to other House of God bands , such as Robert Randolph & the Family Band . The band has played many notable shows and festivals , such as the New Orleans Jazz & Heritage Festival , Wakarusa Music and Camping Festival , Langerado , Chicago Blues Festival and Bonnaroo . After their 2006 performance at the event , the Chicago-Sun Times compared the band to Jimi Hendrix , saying : `` The Lee Boys , whose Church of God-inspired sacred steel music may be what Jimi Hendrix had in mind with his grand plan for ' electric sky church music . ' Part Robert Randolph , part Holmes Brothers , the Miami quintet sang the praises while whipping the crowd into a frenzy with hypnotic grooves , innovative pedal-steel/lead guitar interplay and funky rhythms . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0990cce10722784c377d32d62f9c5474", "text": "Tom Lee Music Tom Lee Music Hong Kong is the largest musical instrument retailer in Hong Kong . As of 2016 , it operates 17 stores in Hong Kong . Founded in 1953 by Thomas Tse-ven Lee , the company obtained Yamaha musical instruments ' exclusive distribution rights for the Hong Kong market in 1960 and has operated as their sole distributor in the territory ever since .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "711b7ce71ba851d4ad3e0ed04e47f361", "text": "Sonny Lee Thomas Ball `` Sonny '' Lee ( born August 26 , 1904 , Huntsville , Texas - died May 17 , 1975 , Amarillo , Texas ) was an American jazz trombonist . Lee played with Peck Kelley while a student at Texas State Teachers ' College in the early 1920s , then moved to St. Louis , where he worked with the Scranton Sirens , Frankie Trumbauer , Gene Rodemich , Vincent Lopez , and Paul Specht . In 1932 he joined the Isham Jones orchestra , remaining with Jones until 1936 ; concomitantly he also played with Benny Goodman in 1934-35 . He then worked with Artie Shaw , Charlie Barnet , Woody Herman , and Bunny Berigan , and in 1938 joined Jimmy Dorsey 's orchestra , where he played until 1946 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f6479c42c24c9cab84cd4da6c9dfba57", "text": "Tommy Lee Edwards Tommy Lee Edwards is an American illustrator . Edwards ' varied portfolio includes works created in the realm of comics , video-games , books , advertising , film , and animation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "23f9f02bedf2be9627fbd8418cb15646", "text": "George Jones (We Can Make It) George Jones , also titled George Jones ( We Can Make It ) was the 1972 country music studio album released by George Jones in April 1972 . The release was Jones ' 46th studio album release since a debut from 16 years previous . Also as a highlight in his career , it was the first release made on Jones ' new label , Epic Records . The album charted very well for a George Jones album , eventually rising to # 10 on the country charts . The album included some other artist 's hits from 1971 , including Charley Pride 's `` Kiss an Angel Good Morning '' and former Jones Boys bass player , Johnny Paycheck 's `` She 's All I Got '' . Its title track `` We Can Make It '' peaked out at # 6 on the US Country chart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d9b5a5f805d4868be083ad19b6e553a", "text": "Thomas O. Jones Thomas Oakley Jones ( born October 6 , 1944 ) is an American business executive and conservationist from Massachusetts . Jones is president of eLanes LLC , a North Andover , Massachusetts-based company that integrates restaurant technology , consumer marketing , and restaurant operations and operates a southwestern Wendy 's franchise . He serves on the board of directors of the Walden Woods Project , a Concord , Massachusetts-based conservation organization . Between 1970 and 1999 , he co-founded and led several Massachusetts-based information technology companies : Epsilon Data Management , Elm Square Technologies , and Exit41 . He lives with his wife , Betty Mobbs , in Andover , Massachusetts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9702154204b8e990bbd3a0254c800ae6", "text": "J. D. Jones J. D. Jones ( born November 21 , 1936 ) is an American firearms and cartridge designer , firearms writer and president of SSK Industries . Jones began hunting at an early age , and became interested in bullet casting and handloading firearms cartridges . In the 1960s , Jones collaborated with Lee Jurras to create the Super Vel line of high-performance handgun ammunition . In 1977 , Jones founded SSK Industries , a company focused on cartridges and barrels ( such as for the Thompson Center Arms Contender rifle-calibre pistol ) for high-power handgun hunting and target shooting . Jones is primarily known for two lines of firearms cartridges . The first is his line of JDJ cartridges , primarily intended for the T/C Contender , ranging from .224 to .577 calibre . The second is his `` Whisper '' family of cartridges , intended to cause maximum damage at subsonic speeds , making them nearly silent when used with a firearm suppressor . Jones is a Life Member of the National Rifle Association and Safari Club International and is a staunch advocate of the Second Amendment . He has authored two columns for American Handgunner magazine .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b0aecb2b95f63e2d38739c6691b828fe", "text": "Emperor Jones Emperor Jones is a small Austin , Texas based independent record label founded in 1995 by Craig Stewart . It has released albums by acts such as Alastair Galbraith , The American Analog Set , Roky Erickson , Thuja , ST37 , The Mountain Goats , Stick Men with Ray Guns , Peter Jefferies , Pip Proud , Rusted Shut , Black Mayonnaise , Rahdunes , Shawn David McMillen , Grey Daturas , and Lord Fyre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e24faf8a9c7e70dd05cb3927a7fccb3", "text": "Morgan Creek Productions Morgan Creek Productions is an American film studio that has released box-office hits including Young Guns , Dead Ringers , Major League , True Romance , Ace Ventura : Pet Detective , The Crush , Robin Hood : Prince of Thieves and The Last of the Mochicans . The studio was co-founded in 1988 by James Robinson and Joe Roth . Robinson leads the company as chairman and CEO . He has two sons Brian Robinson and David C. Robinson who run the day to day operations . In October 2014 , Morgan Creek sold the international distribution rights and copyrights to their films to Revolution Studios . In September 2015 , Morgan Creek began negotiating the sale of rights for the remaining territories , though they will retain remake and TV rights to the Ace Ventura , Major League , Young Guns , and Exorcist franchises . Miramax is currently the digital and television distributor for the pre-2012 Morgan Creek library , via Revolution Studios . The domestic rights to the Morgan Creek library ( with the exception of Young Guns , which still stand with Lionsgate/Vestron Video ) , have since been purchased by Westchester Films/Shout ! Factory .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8102347e239e70e1f2ac9064630c53ab", "text": "Tommy Davis (Scientology) Thomas William `` Tommy '' Davis ( born August 18 , 1972 ) is an American financial executive . From 2005 to 2011 , Davis was head of external affairs and the chief spokesperson of the Church of Scientology International and Senior Vice President at the Church of Scientology Celebrity Centre International from the early 1990s . Between 2011 and 2013 , Davis did not make any public appearances in the media . In June 2013 , it was revealed that Davis and his wife had relocated from Gold Base in Riverside County , California to Austin , Texas . He currently resides in Los Angeles . He is currently the General Manager of Consolidated Press Holdings North America LLC , a private investment vehicle owned by Australian billionaire , James Packer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e51b316c43e990039a1231d46cef2ce8", "text": "Stoned (film) Stoned , also known as The Wild and Wycked World of Brian Jones in the UK , is a 2005 film about Brian Jones , one of the founding members of The Rolling Stones . The film is a cinematic work of historical fiction , taking as its premise the idea that Jones was murdered by Frank Thorogood , a builder who had been hired to renovate and improve Jones 's house Cotchford Farm in East Sussex . The film also paints a picture of Jones 's use of alcohol and drugs , and his relationships with Anita Pallenberg and Anna Wohlin . The film was directed by Stephen Woolley , and written by Neal Purvis and Robert Wade . Leo Gregory played the role of Brian Jones and Paddy Considine of Frank Thorogood . This film grossed $ 38,922 in limited theatrical release in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "75e9b699ba4893e25acc9e2c035ed849", "text": "Kentucky Jones Kentucky Jones is a half-hour comedy/drama starring Dennis Weaver as Kenneth Yarborough `` K.Y. or Kentucky '' Jones , D.V.M. , a recently widowed former horse trainer and active horse farm owner , who becomes the guardian of Dwight Eisenhower `` Ike '' Wong , a 10-year-old Chinese orphan , played by Ricky Der . Harry Morgan , previously of the CBS sitcoms December Bride and Pete and Gladys , was featured in the series as Seldom Jackson , a former jockey who assists Dr. Jones . Cherylene Lee appears as Annie Ng , Ike 's friend . Arthur Wong portrays Mr. Ng , Annie 's father . Keye Luke ( 1904-1991 ) stars as Mr. Wong , a friend of Dr. Jones . Nancy Rennick ( 1932-2006 ) appears as Miss Throncroft , a social worker . Kentucky Jones , which ran on NBC from September 19 , 1964 , to September 11 , 1965 , was the first of four television series starring Weaver after he left the role of the marshall 's helper Chester Goode on CBS 's western classic Gunsmoke . Richard Bull , who later portrayed the henpecked storekeeper Nels Oleson on NBC 's Little House on the Prairie , appeared twice on Kentucky Jones as Harold Erkel in episodes entitled `` The Victim '' and `` The Return of Wong Lee '' ( also with Malcolm Atterbury ) . Other selected episodes and guest stars include : `` Hello Ike '' , the series premiere , with Diane Brewster and Marlyn Mason as Doris Caine , `` Spare the Rod '' ( Paul Fix as Judge Perkins ) , `` Wildcat Soup '' ( Tyler McVey ) , `` Ike 's Song '' ( Pat Harrington , Jr. ) , `` The Big Shot '' ( Harry Townes ) , `` The Music Kids Make '' ( Philip Abbott and Robby Weaver ( born 1953 ) , Dennis Weaver 's son ) , `` The Big Speech '' ( Charles Lane ) , `` Feminine Intrusion '' ( Spring Byington , of December Bride and Laramie , as Mrs. Jolly , hired by Dr. Jones to cook a meal as payment of a debt ) , `` Most Precious Gold '' ( Strother Martin ; episode focuses on a camping trip ) , and `` Kentucky 's Vacation '' ( Yvonne Craig ) , the series finale . A Buzz Kulik Production in association with NBC , Kentucky Jones was filmed at Desilu Studios in Culver City , California . The series first aired on Saturdays at 8:30 Eastern from September 19 to December 26 . It switched to 7 p.m. on January 2 for the remainder of its run through September 11 , 1965 . Rebroadcasts began on April 17 . In the 8:30 slot , the program faced competition from the first season of the CBS sitcom Gilligan 's Island , with Alan Hale , Jr. , and Bob Denver , and the first half of ABC 's The Lawrence Welk Show . In the move to a half-hour earlier , having swapped time slots with The Famous Adventures of Mr. Magoo , CBS offered The Jackie Gleason Show , and ABC aired the science fiction series , The Outer Limits . In the second time slot , Kentucky Jones followed the NBC adventure series Flipper starring Brian Kelly . After Kentucky Jones , young Der ( born ca. 1954 ) acted only one more time , as Mickey in a 1965 episode `` So Long , Patrick Henry '' of NBC 's I Spy starring Bill Cosby and Robert Culp . In January 1967 , Harry Morgan advanced to Jack Webb 's second version of Dragnet in the role of Officer Bill Gannon , and later , on M * A * S * H as Col. Sherman T. Potter . In September of that year , Weaver starred with child actor Clint Howard in the CBS family drama Gentle Ben .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "09afffb456ba47085ba0ae1b2b0b5fa8", "text": "Lee Jones (author) Lee Jones is an online poker executive and the author of Winning Low-Limit Hold 'em . He also contributes a monthly column to Bluff Magazine . Jones earned his B.S. in Computer Science from Duke University in North Carolina in 1978 , and his M.S. in Electrical Engineering from the University of Maryland in 1983 . From October 2003 to April 2007 , Jones worked as the cardroom manager of the PokerStars online poker cardroom . As the poker room manager , Jones decided which poker tournaments and games to offer the players . In April 2007 , Jones retired as the poker room manager of PokerStars and began work with the European Poker Tour . Jones said that he was making the change `` to expand -LSB- his -RSB- horizons and stretch some new muscles . '' Jones organized , hosted , and provided television commentary for EPT events , while also still serving as a consultant for PokerStars . In April 2008 Jones announced he was leaving EPT to become COO of CardRunners , a poker instructional website . He left Cardrunners in 2009 . In May 2009 Jones signed on with the Cake Poker Network 's flagship member Cake Poker as the Card Room Manager . He was also acting as a player advocate at Cake Poker . He resigned from Cake Poker in December 2010 citing `` strategic decisions with which I 'm not comfortable '' In 2012 , Jones returned to work with PokerStars when they acquired FullTiltPoker . In 2014 , Jones earned 14th place in the Isle of Man stop of UKIPT ( United Kingdom and Ireland Poker Tour ) In 2006 Jones and a former math lecturer named James Kittock ( now at Google ) developed a system for playing heads-up that they called the Sit and Go Endgame System ( SAGE ) . This drew a mention in the New York Times poker column .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "84e6b81b5022e4a570982c1e24a03460", "text": "Jonesing", "title": "" }, { "docid": "52a115105c29d9f0a27e104e0dc4ae02", "text": "Marshall Blonstein Marshall Blonstein is an entertainment industry executive who is best known as the founder and president of the audiophile music labels Audio Fidelity and DCC Compact Classics . He has also held positions at Island , Ode , ABC and Epic Records , and been associated with some of the most prominent artists in popular music . He was born and raised in Los Angeles , and entered the music business in 1966 , working at Dunhill Records . He subsequently moved into record promotion with ABC Records , then , from 1966 to 1970 , performed similar duties for Columbia Records , working in Chicago and Los Angeles . He ended his tenure with Columbia in 1970 , directing promotional activities for the company 's Epic and associated labels from New York City . From 1970 to 1979 Blonstein held executive positions at Ode Records , a label he helped to found with Lou Adler , where he was involved with the success of Carole King 's Tapestry album ( 1971 ) , the concert edition of The Who 's Tommy ( 1972 ) , The Rocky Horror Picture Show ( 1975 ) , and Cheech & Chong 's Up in Smoke movie ( 1978 ) , among other projects . He became president of Island Records from 1979 to 1982 , contributing to the careers of artists such as Robert Palmer , Steve Winwood , Bob Marley , Marianne Faithfull and Grace Jones . Blonstein began a new phase of his career in 1986 when he founded DCC Compact Classics as one of the first companies to issue catalogue music product on the then-new compact disc format . DCC evolved into one of the first companies to cater to the high-end audiophile market with its line of digitally remastered reissues on its 24 Karat Gold CD and 180-gram pure virgin vinyl formats . DCC released audiophile editions of best-selling albums by Elvis Presley , Frank Sinatra , the Doors , The Eagles and many others . In 2002 Blonstein founded Morada Music and Video , which issued new music and licensed features for DVD , and Audio Fidelity Music , which specializes in audiophile reissues . Among the Audio Fidelity catalogue titles are popular items such as James Taylor 's Sweet Baby James , Stevie Wonder 's Songs in the Key of Life , Carly Simon 's No Secrets and several Grateful Dead titles . Blonstein has also established a DVD series . Among the titles of Morada DVD is the historic series Playboy After Dark . Morada Music has also acquired the rights to 160 television shows from the legendary comedian Soupy Sales .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c352950de5127fcf3ccc7eee942e7d6d", "text": "Tommy Gate Tommy Gate is an American brand of hydraulic liftgate , or tail lift , manufactured by Woodbine Manufacturing Company . The company was formed in 1965 by Delbert `` Bus '' Brown and it 's production facility is located in Woodbine , Iowa .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aed2cdf6f1158584ba0ac937c8ad43f1", "text": "Mötley Crüe Mötley Crüe was an American heavy metal band formed in Los Angeles , California on January 17 , 1981 . The group was founded by bass guitarist Nikki Sixx and drummer Tommy Lee , lead singer Vince Neil and lead guitarist Mick Mars . Mötley Crüe has sold more than 100 million records worldwide making them one of the world 's best-selling bands of all time . The members of the band have often been noted for their hedonistic lifestyles and the persona they maintained . Following its hard rock and heavy metal origins , with the third album Theatre of Pain ( 1985 ) the band joined the first wave of glam metal . Their final studio album , Saints of Los Angeles , was released on June 24 , 2008 . Their final show took place on New Year 's Eve , December 31 , 2015 , and was filmed for a theatrical and Blu-ray release in 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8f2929ea686fcf4c809b6375a90715d0", "text": "R. Malcolm Jones R. Malcolm Jones is an American music video and motion picture director . Jones is a graduate of the University of Miami . While a student at the University , Jones was granted the Eastman Kodak Scholarship he is its youngest recipient . Jones also received a Merit Scholarship . After graduation R. Malcolm Jones went on to direct Music Videos for various artist . He was nominated for Video Director of the Year at the 2008 BET Awards . In 2009 the MTV Video Awards nominated his video Right Round by Flo Rida feat Kei $ ha for Best Hip Hop Video . R. Malcolm Jones has directed Music Videos for Flo Rida , Avril Lavigne , Cassidy feat Swizz Beats , T-Pain , Chris Brown , Lil Mama , Mario , Ray J , R. Kelly , Cali Swag District , K'la , YC , Travis Porter , Jordan Taylor , Vanessa Hudgens , Nas , Clipse , Fat Jose , Brooke Hogan , The Pack , and Roscoe Dash . Jones has also directed commercials for HBO ( a talk with Spike Lee ) , BET ( 2009 BET Spring Bling ) and CMT ( Dallas Cowboy Cheerleaders ) . R. Malcolm Jones has made a personal appearance as a guest on BET 's Top 25 Countdown and was a featured director for Vh1 's Hogan Knows Best , MTV 's Making The Video and BET 's All Access Granted . R. Malcolm Jones has directed and written several motion picture projects . They include , Seven Lives : Seven Survivors ( a documentary ) His short films include , Ambush , Sweet Potato Pie and Shattered . He has currently finished production of his motion picture Secrets of the Magic City starring Jennifer Lewis , Jamie Hector and Keith David . Secrets of the Magic City screened at the 2013 American Black Film Festival ( ABFF ) in the `` Narrative '' category it screened at the 2013 Annual Urban World Film Festival in New York City and the 2013 Bronze Lens Film Festival in Atlanta where Jamie Hector and Jenifer Lewis were nominated and won awards for Best Actor and Actress . The film debuted on Centric TV June 26 , 2015 and received world wide distribution with EOne Entertainment .", "title": "" } ]	fever
23d7fb6fc71481ed74b4d1f039ea2de8	Kong: Skull Island avoids the involvement of John Goodman.	[ { "docid": "0bd77e6c30955f9fefa87a7024dd4d5c", "text": "Kong: Skull Island Kong : Skull Island is a 2017 American action-adventure monster film directed by Jordan Vogt-Roberts and written by Dan Gilroy , Max Borenstein and Derek Connolly , from a story by John Gatins . The film is a reboot of the King Kong franchise and serves as the second film in Legendary 's MonsterVerse . It stars an ensemble cast consisting of Tom Hiddleston , Samuel L. Jackson , John Goodman , Brie Larson , Jing Tian , Toby Kebbell , John Ortiz , Corey Hawkins , Jason Mitchell , Shea Whigham , Thomas Mann , Terry Notary and John C. Reilly . The film follows a team of scientists and Vietnam War soldiers who travel to an uncharted island in the Pacific and encounter terrifying creatures and the mighty Kong . Principal photography took place from October 2015 to March 2016 in Hawaii and various locations around Vietnam . Kong : Skull Island premiered on February 28 , 2017 , in London and was released in the United States on March 10 , 2017 , in 2D , 3D , IMAX 3D and in Dolby Cinemas . The film was a critical and commercial success , grossing $ 565 million worldwide against its $ 185 million budget and making it the fifth highest-grossing film of 2017 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "93c4f3d9c3d67d067517bd71dbf9172b", "text": "Peter Greene Peter Greene ( born Peter Green ; October 8 , 1965 ) is an American character actor , generally known for playing villains .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "997961f2d4b71de17f7f1766a1e3746a", "text": "Saul Goodman James Morgan `` Jimmy '' McGill , also known as Saul Goodman , is a fictional attorney who appears in the television series Breaking Bad and serves as the title character of its spin-off prequel series Better Call Saul . He is portrayed by Bob Odenkirk , and was created by Vince Gilligan and Peter Gould .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "007d5567db94acadee4da55306d8bbe6", "text": "John Louis Mansi John Louis Mansi ( born John Patrick Adams , 8 November 1926 -- 6 August 2010 ) was a British television and film actor whose career spanned the years from the early 1950s to the early 1990s . Born in London to an Italian father and an Irish mother , he served in the merchant navy and the RAF during World War II . Upon becoming an actor , he chose his father 's surname as his stage name , later adopting the name Louis after Louie Dumbrowski , the character played by Bernard Gorcey in The Bowery Boys film series , whom his friends claimed he resembled . He was best known for his role as Engelbert von Smallhausen ( although in the BBC books he is named as Bobby Cedric von Smallhausen ) in the popular BBC sitcom ` Allo ` Allo ! in seasons 2 to 9 . He also appeared in Department S ( as `` Maxime '' in the episode `` The Treasure of the Costa del Sol '' , 1969 ) , the Ripping Yarns story `` Across the Andes By Frog '' , and the The Hammer House of Horror story `` The Thirteenth Reunion '' . His film appearances have included The Small World of Sammy Lee ( 1963 ) , the Beatles ' film Help ! ( 1965 ) , the original version of The Italian Job ( 1969 ) , Tales from the Crypt ( 1972 ) , and the Dick Emery film Ooh ... You Are Awful ( 1972 ) . After ` Allo ` Allo ! ended in 1992 , he retired from acting . He was often credited as Louis Mansi in his roles . For six years he suffered from Parkinson 's disease and in May 2010 was diagnosed with terminal lung cancer . His interests included reading , letter writing , animal welfare and watching DVDs/videos of past favourite series/films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "139624e58a09dcb5f8ea7b4e80fa282a", "text": "Tarzan Escapes Tarzan Escapes is a 1936 Tarzan film based on the character created by Edgar Rice Burroughs . It was the third in the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Tarzan series to feature Johnny Weissmuller as the `` King of the Apes '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ddce0c0cb65863c8e7fe09be4ce69612", "text": "Doctor Strange Stephen Vincent Strange , M.D. is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . Created by artist Steve Ditko and writer Stan Lee , the character first appeared in Strange Tales # 110 ( cover-dated July 1963 ) . Doctor Strange serves as the Sorcerer Supreme , the primary protector of Earth against magical and mystical threats . Inspired by stories of black magic and Chandu the Magician , Strange was created during the Silver Age of Comics to bring a different kind of character and themes of mysticism to Marvel Comics . The character 's origin story relates that he was once a brilliant but egotistical surgeon . After a car accident severely damages his hands and hinders his ability to perform surgery , he searches the globe for a way to repair them and encounters the Ancient One . After becoming one of the old Sorcerer Supreme 's students , he becomes a practitioner of both the mystical arts as well as martial arts . Along with knowing many powerful spells , he has a costume with two mystical objects -- the Cloak of Levitation and Eye of Agamotto -- which give him added powers . Strange is aided along the way by his friend and valet , Wong , and a large assortment of mystical objects . He takes up residence in a mansion called the Sanctum Sanctorum , located in New York City . Later , Strange takes the title of Sorcerer Supreme . In 2008 , Doctor Strange was ranked 83rd in Wizards `` 200 Greatest Comic Book Characters of All Time '' list , and in 2012 was ranked 33rd in IGN 's list of `` The Top 50 Avengers '' . He was also ranked 38th on IGN 's list of `` Top 100 Comic Book Heroes '' . The character was first portrayed in live-action by Peter Hooten in the 1978 television film Dr. Strange . Benedict Cumberbatch stars as the character in the Marvel Cinematic Universe , first appearing in the role in the 2016 film Doctor Strange .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93acd151d44d7e51ce7acd9f5d23e30d", "text": "Alan Greenberg (film director) Alan Greenberg ( born October 14 , 1950 in New York City , died January 27 , 2015 in Portland , OR ) was an American film director , screenwriter , photographer and author . Greenberg visited Jamaica from a young age , and was a friend of Bob Marley . Following Marley 's death , Marley 's family asked Greenberg to make a film about Marley . In 1981 , Greenberg filmed Land of Look Behind ( 1982 ) , a documentary film that includes footage of Marley 's funeral as well as scenes filmed in Jamaica 's remote Cockpit Country and the capital city of Kingston . The film ended up being more of a visionary portrait of the Jamaica of that period ( focusing on the Rastafari movement and reggae culture ) than a film primarily about Marley . The film has won considerable critical acclaim , as well as winning the Gold Hugo Award for Best Documentary in the Chicago International Film Festival , the U.S. 's largest film competition . Land of Look Behind has also been honored as the best American documentary film of its era , and the legendary filmmaker Werner Herzog says '' ` Land of Look Behind ' has achieved things never seen before in cinema . '' Greenberg worked closely with Werner Herzog on many projects . He served as a special unit photographer on the films Cape Fear '' by Martin Scorsese ( 1991 ) and 1900 , by Bernardo Bertolucci ( 1976 ) . He also wrote twenty screenplays and three books . His book Heart of Glass , about the making of the 1976 Werner Herzog masterwork of the same name , was called `` The best book on the making of a film ever written '' by Rolling Stone magazine . A new and entirely revised edition of the book , entitled , `` EVERY NIGHT THE TREES DISAPPEAR : Werner Herzog and the Making of ` Heart of Glass ' '' was published in hard cover by the Chicago Review Press . It featured Greenberg 's previously-unpublished photographs , which Herzog called `` strange and beautiful . '' '' In 2012 Greenberg was going to write and produce a film based on his acclaimed screenplay `` Love in Vain '' , a poetic account of the mysterious blues genius Robert Johnson . `` Love in Vain '' was also the first screenplay ever published by a major house ( Doubleday ) as literature . Greenberg 's latest screenplay , `` Tutankhamun - Lord of Two Lands '' , a radically researched vision of the Boy King 's murder intertwined with the intrigue surrounding his tomb 's discovery in 1922 , was to have been produced in 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d8d003301901788c14fa04f007ea633a", "text": "Arachnophobia (film) Arachnophobia is a 1990 American thriller-comedy film directed by Frank Marshall and starring Jeff Daniels and John Goodman . It was the first film released by The Walt Disney Studios ' Hollywood Pictures label , as well as being the directorial debut of Marshall . The film 's story centers on a newly discovered Venezuelan spider being transported to a small American town that produces a new species of deadly spiders , which begin killing the town 's residents one by one . Shooting took place in Venezuela and California and the film was released in the United States on July 18 , 1990 . It was a modest commercial success , gaining $ 53.21 million at the box office . It received generally positive reviews from critics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ec9e464cdd543bcaee80bce32117019c", "text": "Cutthroat Island Cutthroat Island is a 1995 romantic comedy action adventure film directed by Renny Harlin and written by Robert King and Marc Norman based on a story by Michael Frost Beckner , James Gorman , Bruce A. Evans , and Raymond Gideon . It stars Geena Davis , Matthew Modine , and Frank Langella . The film is an international co-production among companies in the United States , France , Germany , and Italy . The film had a notoriously troubled and chaotic production , involving multiple rewrites and recasts , and received mixed reviews , whereas the high production values , action sequences , shooting locations , and the musical score were praised . It is notable for being the largest box office bomb when adjusted for inflation , and was the last film from Carolco Pictures before its closure , until the company 's relaunch in 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0c36a0864700dddc08b8755b537e4c55", "text": "Theatre of Cruelty (Discworld) `` Theatre of Cruelty '' is a short Discworld story by Terry Pratchett written in 1993 . The name derives from a concept of Antonin Artaud ( Theatre of Cruelty ) . It was originally written for W. H. Smith Bookcase magazine and was then slightly modified and extended , being published again in the programme of the OryCon 15 convention , and then again in The Wizards of Odd , a compilation of fantasy short stories . It has since been made available on the Internet along with dozens of translations by fans , with Pratchett having stated , `` I do n't want to see it distributed in print anywhere but do n't mind people downloading it for their own enjoyment . '' The story involves both the Ankh-Morpork City Watch and a parallel of Punch and Judy . A murder has been committed : a street entertainer , found apparently battered to death with a very small blunt object , on him bite marks from a very small crocodile . Investigating the incident in his typically direct manner , Carrot Ironfoundersson discovers the death was an accident , the man having choked on a swazzle . It emerges that the entertainer had invented a parallel , live-action version of Punch and Judy , using -- and abusing -- a troupe of gnomes as the live cast . Carrot asserts that such brutal theatre could never find favour in Ankh-Morpork : `` That 's not the way to do it '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "84bad4b485cfb08565d134c8067bddc7", "text": "The Land That Time Forgot (2009 film) The Land That Time Forgot ( promotionally titled Edgar Rice Burrough 's The Land That Time Forgot , release in other countries as Dinosaur Island ) is a 2009 science fiction film by independent American film studio The Asylum . The film is an adaptation of the 1918 Edgar Rice Burroughs novel of the same name , and a re-make of the 1975 film starring Doug McClure .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e4639253763b9d7b562889f67e0fcf84", "text": "Miss Fear (comics) Miss Fear ( or simply , Fear ) was a recurring character in Blackhawk comics ( published by Quality Comics , later bought by DC Comics ) between 1946 and 1948 . Her first appearance in Modern Comics # 49 ( May , 1946 ) told her origin as daughter of the slain leader of an obscure nation in central Asia . When Blackhawk and his men arrived to investigate the murder , they found Fear always a half-step ahead on her vendetta , ruthlessly avenging her father with a Tommy gun . Further Golden Age appearances by Miss Fear included Blackhawk Comics issues 13 , 14 , 17 , 19 , 20 , and 22 ( December , 1948 ) . In these stories she developed a distinctly romantic yet seemingly unrequited interest in Blackhawk , meanwhile involving and assisting the team in various cases and missions , usually in central Asia . Fear displayed an impressive array of skills including flying , horsemanship , martial arts , and wielding a bullwhip , as well as crack marksmanship . The conclusion of the final story , however , seemed to imply that she was resigned to disappointment in carrying a torch for Blackhawk . In 1998 , Miss Fear returned in a somewhat different form in the four-issue miniseries Guns of the Dragon , by Timothy Truman , starring Enemy Ace and Bat Lash . Set in China , 1927 , this story depicted her as a young , half-Chinese / half-Caucasian spy in service of the communists . The plot also involved a recurring Blackhawk villain , the Thunderer , as well as a brief appearance by Chop-Chop , although his age at that point seems impossible to reconcile with his later career as Blackhawk 's sidekick . The outcome of the adventure led Fear to reconsider her loyalty to the communists and suggested her future as a freelance freedom-fighter . However , her only subsequent appearance thus far has been in the form of a limited edition 1/6 scale G.I. Joe action figure , produced by Dreams & Visions in 2003 , licensed by Hasbro and DC Comics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a1bc70aad417cdb4d04c839681a1c88", "text": "Gideon's Day (film) Gideon 's Day ( originally released in the United States as Gideon of Scotland Yard ) is a 1958 police procedural crime film starring Jack Hawkins , Dianne Foster and Cyril Cusack . The film , which was directed by John Ford , was adapted from John Creasey 's novel of the same name . It was released in the United States as Gideon of Scotland Yard . Although this is the first film to feature the named character of George Gideon , Jack Hawkins had already played a very similar role in the British film The Long Arm two years earlier .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64b83c0edb5293bacdcea026b39256c7", "text": "Richard Goodmanson Richard Goodmanson is an American businessman .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aafc478a7fe2bbf7105a93ab613bf0c3", "text": "The Shootist The Shootist is a 1976 American western film directed by Don Siegel and starring John Wayne in his final film role . The film is based on a 1975 novel of the same name by Glendon Swarthout with a screenplay by Miles Hood Swarthout ( the son of the author ) and Scott Hale . The supporting cast includes Lauren Bacall , Ron Howard , James Stewart , Richard Boone , Hugh O'Brian , Harry Morgan , John Carradine , Sheree North , and Scatman Crothers . In 1977 , The Shootist received an Academy Award nomination for Best Art Direction ( Robert F. Boyle , Arthur Jeph Parker ) , a BAFTA Film Award nomination for Best Actress ( Lauren Bacall ) , and a Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor ( Ron Howard ) , as well as the National Board of Review Award as one of the Top Ten Films of 1976 . The movie also received widespread critical acclaim , garnering a 95 % positive rating on Rotten Tomatoes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "528d67e51cf967aee2e03c09773bf464", "text": "A. J. Raffles (character) Arthur J. Raffles is a character created in the 1890s by E. W. Hornung , brother-in-law to Sir Arthur Conan Doyle , the creator of Sherlock Holmes . Raffles is , in many ways , a deliberate inversion of Holmeshe is a `` gentleman thief '' , living at the Albany , a prestigious address in London , playing cricket for the Gentlemen of England and supporting himself by carrying out ingenious burglaries . He is called the `` Amateur Cracksman '' , and often , at first , differentiates between himself and the `` professors `` professional criminals from the lower classes . As Holmes has Dr. Watson to chronicle his adventures , Raffles has Harry `` Bunny '' Mandersa former schoolmate saved from disgrace and suicide by Raffles , whom Raffles persuaded to accompany him on a burglary . While Raffles often takes advantage of Manders ' relative innocence , and sometimes treats him with a certain amount of contempt , he knows that Manders ' bravery and loyalty are to be relied on utterly . In several stories , Manders saves the day for the two of them after Raffles gets into situations he can not get out of on his own . One of the things that Raffles has in common with Holmes is a mastery of disguiseduring his days as an ostensible man-about-town , he maintains a studio apartment in another name in which he keeps the components of various disguises . He can imitate the regional speech of many parts of Britain flawlessly , and is fluent in Italian .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "17a9e164f57140794b34cbf0a266bbd0", "text": "Sid Haig Sid Haig ( born July 14 , 1939 ) is an American actor . His roles have included acting in Jack Hill 's blaxploitation films of the 1970s as well as his role as Captain Spaulding in Rob Zombie 's horror films House of 1000 Corpses and The Devil 's Rejects . He had a leading role in the television series Jason of Star Command , as the villain Dragos . He has appeared in many television programs including Batman , Star Trek , Mission : Impossible , Gunsmoke , The Rockford Files , Buck Rogers in the 25th Century , Get Smart , Fantasy Island , Sledge Hammer ! , The A-Team , The Fall Guy , The Dukes of Hazzard and MacGyver .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f1fb19dc6cf7273706e92ea62b484868", "text": "Gerry Anderson Gerry Anderson , MBE ( born Gerald Alexander Abrahams ; 14 April 1929 -- 26 December 2012 ) was an English television and film producer , director , writer and occasional voice artist . He remains famous for his futuristic television programmes , especially his 1960s productions filmed with `` Supermarionation '' ( marionette puppets containing electric moving parts ) . Anderson 's first television production was the 1957 Roberta Leigh children 's series The Adventures of Twizzle . Supercar ( 1961 -- 62 ) and Fireball XL5 ( 1962 ) followed later , both series breaking into the US television market in the early 1960s . In the mid-1960s Anderson produced his most successful series , Thunderbirds . Other television productions of the 1960s include Stingray and Captain Scarlet and the Mysterons . Anderson also wrote and produced several feature films whose box office performance was unexceptional . Following a shift towards live action productions in the 1970s , he had a long and successful association with media impresario Lew Grade and Grade 's company ITC , continuing until the second series of Space : 1999 . After a career lull when a number of new series concepts failed to get off the ground , his career began a new phase in the early 1980s when audience nostalgia for his earlier Supermarionation series ( prompted by Saturday morning re-runs in Britain and Australia ) led to new Anderson productions being commissioned . Later projects include a 2005 CGI remake of Captain Scarlet entitled Gerry Anderson 's New Captain Scarlet .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4f0f370b513ba0336905d547b3124e2b", "text": "John Goodman (disambiguation) John Goodman ( born 1952 ) is an American actor . John Goodman may also refer to : John Goodman ( MP ) ( c. 1540 -- 1604 ) , MP for Lichfield John Goodman ( Dean of Wells ) ( fl . 1548 -- 1550 ) John Goodman ( Pilgrim ) ( c. 1595 to 1623-1627 ) , early Pilgrim to the Americas in the 1620s John Goodman ( Jesuit ) ( died 1645 ) , priest John Goodman ( Australian politician ) ( c. 1828 -- 1874 ) , pastoralist and politician in colonial Victoria John Goodman ( Velocette ) ( c. 1857 -- ? ) , motorcycle pioneer John Goodman ( American football ) ( born 1945 ) , American football player John B. Goodman ( art director ) ( 1901 -- 1991 ) , American art director John B. Goodman ( industrialist ) , American multi-millionaire and polo player Johnny Goodman ( 1909 -- 1970 ) , golfer Johnny Goodman ( TV producer ) ( 1927 -- 2015 ) , British television producer John F. Goodman ( born 1945 ) , U.S. Marine Corps general John C. Goodman , economist John Reinhard Goodman ( died 1865 ) , Episcopal clergyman who served as Chaplain of the Senate", "title": "" }, { "docid": "097387f3ca3baafb288090c6e9df617a", "text": "Crime Doctor (character) The Crime Doctor is a fictional character created by Max Marcin . A crook named Phil Morgan suffers amnesia and becomes criminal psychologist Dr. Ordway . He uses his expertise to solve crimes as well as to help patients . The character was the hero of a popular CBS radio program titled Crime Doctor on Sunday nights between 1940 and 1947 . Dr. Benjamin Ordway was played by Ray Collins , House Jameson , Brian Donlevy , Hugh Marlowe , Everett Sloane and John McIntire . Columbia Pictures Corporation made a series of 10 low-budget `` Crime Doctor '' mysteries from 1943 through 1949 . In them , Dr. Robert Ordway was played exclusively by Warner Baxter . In the first film , as an in-joke , Collins played the supporting role of Dr. John Carey , the Crime Doctor 's doctor . Baxter was in poor health much of the time while working on the series , and two years after making the tenth film , he died of pneumonia . In March 2014 , the `` Crime Doctor '' film series was shown on GetTV , an American digital multicast television network owned by Sony Pictures Entertainment . Sony acquired Columbia Pictures Corporation in 1989 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ff73368449b1f3bf9c6b7344d6b405be", "text": "Geoff Johns Geoff Johns ( born January 25 , 1973 ) is an American comic book and television writer , film producer , and television producer . He is the president and Chief Creative Officer at DC Comics ; he has served in the latter position since 2010 . His most notable work in different media has used the DC Comics characters Green Lantern , Aquaman , Flash , and Superman . He is well known for his work on The WB/The CW 's Smallville , Arrow and The Flash . He is also a comic book retailer who co-owns Earth-2 Comics in Northridge , California with Carr D'Angelo and Jud Meyers .", "title": "" } ]	fever
28b200545d881384ed23f56b6c7e5aaf	The United States Congress fails to meet in Washington, D.C.	[ { "docid": "bfc201293475e261a8145d0713ea4684", "text": "United States Congress The United States Congress is the bicameral legislature of the federal government of the United States consisting of two chambers : the Senate and the House of Representatives . The Congress meets in the Capitol in Washington , D.C. Both senators and representatives are chosen through direct election , though vacancies in the Senate may be filled by a gubernatorial appointment . Members are usually affiliated to the Republican Party or to the Democratic Party , and only rarely to a third party or as independents . Congress has 535 voting members : 435 Representatives and 100 Senators . The House of Representatives has six non-voting members in addition to its 435 voting members . These members can , however , sit on congressional committees and introduce legislation . These members represent Washington , D.C. , Puerto Rico , American Samoa , Guam , the Northern Mariana Islands and the U.S. Virgin Islands . The members of the House of Representatives serve two-year terms representing the people of a single constituency , known as a `` district '' . Congressional districts are apportioned to states by population using the United States Census results , provided that each state has at least one congressional representative . Each state , regardless of population or size , has two senators . Currently , there are 100 senators representing the 50 states . Each senator is elected at-large in their state for a six-year term , with terms staggered , so every two years approximately one-third of the Senate is up for election .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "90a4733439d1675b0e72150adfc5d7fc", "text": "List of Members of the United States House of Representatives in the 44th Congress by seniority This is a complete list of members of the United States House of Representatives during the 44th United States Congress listed by seniority . As an historical article , the districts and party affiliations listed reflect those during the 44th Congress ( March 4 , 1875 -- March 3 , 1877 ) . Current seats and party affiliations on the List of current members of the United States House of Representatives by seniority will be different for certain members . Seniority depends on the date on which members were sworn into office . Since many members are sworn in on the same day , subsequent ranking is based on previous congressional service of the individual and then by alphabetical order by the last name of the congressman . Committee chairmanship in the House is often associated with seniority . However , party leadership is typically not associated with seniority . Note : The '' * '' indicates that the representative/delegate may have served one or more non-consecutive terms while in the House of Representatives of the United States Congress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f9134299666ad0f4a15c9cbce330b0ce", "text": "Yale Model Congress Yale Model Congress ( YMC ) is the oldest entirely student-run Model Congress association in the Ivy League . Every year , it brings hundreds of delegates to Yale University in New Haven , Connecticut to simulate the United States Congress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f1623cf227fd97167ce7ab2297710342", "text": "Inauguration of Franklin Pierce The inauguration of Franklin Pierce as the 14th President of the United States was held on Friday , March 4 , 1853 on the East Portico at the United States Capitol in Washington , D.C. . The inauguration marked the commencement of Franklin Pierce 's only four-year term as President and William R. King 's only term as Vice President . Chief Justice Roger B. Taney administered the presidential oath of office . Pierce affirmed the oath of office rather than swear it , and was also the first president to recite his inaugural address from memory . Ill with tuberculosis , King was in Cuba in an effort to recover in the warmer climate , and was not able to be in Washington to take his oath of office on March 4 . By a Special Act of Congress , he was allowed to take the oath outside the United States , and was sworn in on March 24 , 1853 . He is the only vice president to be sworn in in a foreign country . King died days into his term , and the office remained vacant for the balance of it . ( Prior to ratification of the Twenty-fifth Amendment in 1967 , no constitutional provision existed for filling an intra-term vacancy in the vice presidency . )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dd52f241e1484671b27cc4b8310cb96d", "text": "Town hall meeting Town hall meetings , also referred to as town halls or town hall forums , are a way for local and national politicians to meet with their constituents , either to hear from them on topics of interest or to discuss specific upcoming legislation or regulation . During periods of active political debate , town halls can be a locus for protest and more active debate . Despite their name , town hall meetings need not take place in a town hall . They are commonly held in a range of venues , including schools , libraries , municipal buildings , and churches . A number of officials have also experimented with digital formats for town halls . Town hall meetings organized by national politicians are often held in a variety of locations distributed across a voting district so that elected representatives can receive feedback from a larger proportion of constituents . Historically , no specific rules or guidelines have defined a town hall meeting . Any event that allows constituent participation with a politician may be called a town hall , including gatherings in person , group phone calls , or events on Internet platforms such as Facebook or Twitter . Attendees use town halls to voice their opinions and question elected officials , political candidates , and public figures . In contrast to town meetings , a type of direct democratic rule that originated in colonial New England , attendees do not vote on issues during town hall meetings . In the United States , town halls are a common way for national politicians to connect or reconnect with their constituents during recesses , when they are in their home districts away from Washington , DC .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b9fa4abbec4c7f507ea56f591ffb8ddc", "text": "Congressional office buildings The congressional office buildings are the office buildings used by the United States Congress to augment the limited space in the United States Capitol . The congressional office buildings are part of the Capitol Complex are thus under the authority of the Architect of the Capitol and protected by the United States Capitol Police . The office buildings house the individual offices of each U.S. Representative and Senator as well as committee hearing rooms , staff rooms , multiple cafeterias , and areas for support , committee , and maintenance staff . The congressional office buildings are connected to the Capitol by means of several underground trains -- the Capitol Subway System . Congressional pages are responsible for carrying packages and messages from the two chambers to the buildings . The three Senate office buildings are along Constitution Avenue north of the Capitol : Russell Senate Office Building ( RSOB , completed 1908 ) Dirksen Senate Office Building ( DSOB , completed 1958 ) Hart Senate Office Building ( HSOB , completed 1982 ) The three House office buildings are along Independence Avenue south of the Capitol : Cannon House Office Building ( CHOB , completed 1908 ) Longworth House Office Building ( LHOB , completed 1933 ) Rayburn House Office Building ( RHOB , completed 1965 ) A fourth building , the Ford House Office Building , which used to house the FBI 's fingerprint records , sits a few blocks southwest of the others . A fifth building , the O'Neill House Office Building ( previously known as `` House Annex-1 '' ) was named after former Speaker of the House Thomas `` Tip '' O'Neill . It was demolished in 2002 . The U.S. Capitol Complex also includes a Page Residence Hall and the Capitol Power Plant , both on the House side of the Capitol .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e7ba0cd1f0519ff63939b96e33d55f1a", "text": "List of Members of the United States House of Representatives in the 41st Congress by seniority This is a complete list of members of the United States House of Representatives during the 41st United States Congress listed by seniority . As an historical article , the districts and party affiliations listed reflect those during the 41st Congress ( March 4 , 1869 -- March 3 , 1871 ) . Current seats and party affiliations on the List of current members of the United States House of Representatives by seniority will be different for certain members . Seniority depends on the date on which members were sworn into office . Since many members are sworn in on the same day , subsequent ranking is based on previous congressional service of the individual and then by alphabetical order by the last name of the congressman . Committee chairmanship in the House is often associated with seniority . However , party leadership is typically not associated with seniority . Note : The '' * '' indicates that the representative/delegate may have served one or more non-consecutive terms while in the House of Representatives of the United States Congress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "900ae894ee3e832df2399de4049c63c6", "text": "Crime in Washington, D.C. Crime in Washington , D.C. , is directly related to the city 's changing demographics , geography , and unique criminal justice system . The District 's population reached a peak of 982,178 in 1950 . However , shortly thereafter , the city began losing residents and by 1980 Washington had lost one-quarter of its population . The population loss to the suburbs also created a new demographic pattern , which divided affluent neighborhoods west of Rock Creek Park from more crime-ridden and blighted areas to the east . Despite being the headquarters of multiple federal law enforcement agencies , such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation ( FBI ) and United States Drug Enforcement Administration ( DEA ) , the nationwide crack epidemic of the 1980s and 1990s greatly affected the city and led to large increases in crime . The number of homicides in Washington peaked in 1991 at 897 ( a rate of nearly 60.8 homicides per 100,000 residents ) , and the city eventually became known as the `` murder capital '' of the United States . The crime rate started to fall in the mid-1990s as the crack cocaine epidemic gave way to economic revitalization projects . Gentrification efforts have also started to transform the demographics of distressed neighborhoods , recently leading to the first rise in the District 's population in 60 years . By the mid-2000s , crime rates in Washington dropped to their lowest levels in over 20 years . As in many major cities , crime remains a significant factor in D.C. , especially in the city 's northwestern neighborhoods , which tend to be more affluent , draw more tourists , and have more vibrant nightlife . Violent crime also remains a problem in Ward 8 , which has the city 's highest concentration of poverty .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d49955e6bad8de7e787fdb7e84703f06", "text": "United States elections, 2007 The 2007 United States elections were held on Tuesday , November 6 . During this off-year election , the only seats up for election in the United States Congress were special elections held throughout the year . None of these congressional seats changed party hands . There were also several gubernatorial races and state legislative elections , and numerous citizen initiatives , mayoral races in several major cities , and several types of local offices on the ballot .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93c32d5b70cc77543e2f99e4e52215cf", "text": "Harry S Truman Building The Harry S Truman Building is the headquarters of the United States Department of State . It is located in the national capital , Washington , D.C. The Truman Building is located in the Foggy Bottom neighborhood at 2201 C Street , NW , bounded by C Street to the south , E Street , D Street , and Virginia Avenue to the north , 21st Street to the east , and 23rd Street to the west . It is located to the west of Edward J. Kelly Park and north of the National Academy of Sciences building and the National Mall . The Truman Building houses the office of the United States Secretary of State .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b18c260d3492b994c3621686c0636bea", "text": "Statewide legislative elections in the United States, 2010 The 2010 statewide legislative elections were held on November 2 , 2010 , halfway through President Barack Obama 's first term in office . Elections were held for 88 legislative chambers , with all states but Louisiana , Mississippi , New Jersey and Virginia holding elections in at least one house . Kansas , New Mexico and South Carolina held elections for their lower , but not upper houses . Republicans scored record gains , gaining at least 680 total seats and taking control of 19 legislative chambers , while the Democrats lost at least 21 chambers . The winners of this election cycle will serve in their respective legislatures for either a 2 or 4 year term , depending on state election rules .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6f2f769a4ad4b9dd58edcc6d7d25cd66", "text": "Federal Assembly (Switzerland) The Federal Assembly ( -LSB- Bundesversammlung ( Switzerland ) , Bundesversammlung -RSB- , Assemblée fédérale , Assemblea federale , Assamblea federala ) , is Switzerland 's federal legislature . It meets in Bern in the Federal Palace . The Federal Assembly is bicameral , being composed of the 200-seat National Council and the 46-seat Council of States . The houses have identical powers . Members of both houses represent the cantons , but , whereas seats in the National Council are distributed in proportion to population , each canton has two seats in the Council of States , except the six ` half-cantons ' which have one seat each . Both are elected in full once every four years , with the last election being held in 2015 . The Federal Assembly possesses the federal government 's legislative power , along with the separate constitutional right of citizen 's initiative . For a law to pass , it must be passed by both houses . The Federal Assembly may come together as a United Federal Assembly in certain circumstances such as to elect the Federal Council ( collective executive head of government and state ) , the Federal Chancellor , the federal judges or a General ( only in times of great national danger ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aaa0cba79eca3df5f4bacc455d776052", "text": "Second Continental Congress The Second Continental Congress was a convention of delegates from the Thirteen Colonies that started meeting in the spring of 1775 , in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania . It succeeded the First Continental Congress , which met between September 5 , 1774 and October 26 , 1774 , also in Philadelphia . The second Congress managed the colonial war effort , and moved incrementally towards independence , adopting the United States Declaration of Independence on July 4 , 1776 . By raising armies , directing strategy , appointing diplomats , and making formal treaties such as the Olive Branch Petition , the Congress acted as the de facto national government of what became the United States . When the Second Continental Congress came together on May 10 , 1775 it was , in effect , a reconvening of the First Continental Congress . Many of the same 56 delegates who attended the first meeting were in attendance at the second , and the delegates appointed the same president ( Peyton Randolph ) and secretary ( Charles Thomson ) . Notable new arrivals included Benjamin Franklin of Pennsylvania and John Hancock of Massachusetts . Within two weeks , Randolph was summoned back to Virginia to preside over the House of Burgesses ; he was replaced in the Virginia delegation by Thomas Jefferson , who arrived several weeks later . Henry Middleton was elected as president to replace Randolph , but he declined . Hancock was elected president on May 24 . Delegates from twelve of the Thirteen Colonies were present when the Second Continental Congress convened . Georgia had not participated in the First Continental Congress and did not initially send delegates to the Second Continental Congress . On May 13 , 1775 , Lyman Hall was admitted as a delegate from the Parish of St. John 's in the Colony of Georgia , not as a delegate from the colony itself . On July 4 , 1775 , revolutionary Georgians held a Provincial Congress to decide how to respond to the American Revolution , and that congress decided on July 8 to send delegates to the Continental Congress . They arrived on July 20 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a64e67de634462fcd55ee7262cef03df", "text": "Not My Presidents Day `` Not My Presidents Day '' ( sometimes `` Not My President 's Day '' , or `` Not My Presidents ' Day '' ) was a series of rallies against the President of the United States , Donald Trump , held on Washington 's Birthday ( an American federal holiday also known as Presidents ' Day ) , February 20 , 2017 . Protests were held in dozens of cities throughout the United States . Demonstrations were also held outside London 's Houses of Parliament , and in Orkney . The marches were mostly coordinated through Facebook . Organizers of the protest stated that although Trump was the president , they wanted to show that he did not represent their values . Los Angeles was the first city to plan a `` Not My Presidents Day '' rally , which was attended by more than a thousand protesters . New York City saw the largest demonstration , with an estimated 10,000 to 13,000 people attending a rally outside Trump International Hotel and Tower . The events were mostly peaceful , although thirteen people were arrested in Portland , Oregon .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0c5b5567edbdc706fc72d8407fba6202", "text": "48th United States Congress The Forty-eighth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government , consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives . It met in Washington , D.C. from March 4 , 1883 to March 4 , 1885 , during the last two years of the administration of U.S. President Chester A. Arthur . The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Tenth Census of the United States in 1880 . The Senate had a Republican majority , and the House had a Democratic majority .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7b1e9ad0adbc3ed9ec081d1b10c55088", "text": "List of members of the United States House of Representatives who served a single term One-term congressmen are members of the United States House of Representatives that spent only one two-year term ( or less ) in office usually either due to death , resignation , or defeat . In some rare cases freshmen members have decided to run for another office or not run for reelection . A good many members that serve in the House for only one term are viewed as accidental congressmen due to having been elected in a fluke election or by riding in on the coattails of a popular presidential candidate . Among the most famous one-term congressmen were Abraham Lincoln , who served as a Whig in the 30th Congress of 1847-1849 and was later the 16th President of the United States ; John Marshall , who was elected as a Federalist to the 6th Congress and was later the 4th Chief Justice of the Supreme Court ; William Pennington , who served as a Republican in the 36th Congress and was the first sitting Speaker of the House to be defeated in a bid for re-election ; Joseph Pulitzer , the famed newspaper man that resigned from office during his first term ; George Sutherland , who served as a Republican in the 57th Congress and was later an associate U.S. Supreme Court justice ; and William M. `` Boss '' Tweed , who served as a Democrat to the 33rd Congress and later went on to become infamous for his leadership of Tammany Hall , the dominant political machine in New York City throughout the nineteenth century ; and Isidor Straus , the co-owner of Macy 's department store who died in the sinking of the Titanic .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "923e1da1142fceefa4f8ef7309130f72", "text": "Congress.org Congress.org is a website run by the CQ-Roll Call Group , which provides information on actions of the United States Congress and news about federal advocacy and activism . One tool on the site helps users find their elected officials and send e-mail to them , though in March 2013 that feature was removed without explanation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b2b11dba920135cca91febd3d39475e7", "text": "Maryland General Assembly The Maryland General Assembly is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Maryland that convenes within the State House in Annapolis . It is a bicameral body : the upper chamber , the Maryland State Senate , has 47 representatives and the lower chamber , the Maryland House of Delegates , has 141 representatives . Members of both houses serve four-year terms . Each house elects its own officers , judges the qualifications and election of its own members , establishes rules for the conduct of its business , and may punish or expel its own members The General Assembly meets each year for 90 days to act on more than 2,300 bills including the State 's annual budget , which it must pass before adjourning on sine die . The 2016 Legislative Session , the General Assembly 's 436th session , convened January 13 - April 11 , 2016 . The General Assembly will reconvene Wednesday , January 11 , 2017 at 12:00 p.m. for its 437th session .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5e33beb32d2820dd9c9dbf4981c8c4d7", "text": "1939 State of the Union Address The 1939 State of the Union Address was given to the United States Congress , on January 4 , 1939 , by Franklin D. Roosevelt , the 32nd United States President . Foreseeing World War II , he said , `` In Reporting on the state of the nation , I have felt it necessary on previous occasions to advise the Congress of disturbance abroad and of the need of putting our own house in order in the face of storm signals from across the seas . As this Seventy-sixth Congress opens there is need for further warning . A war which threatened to envelop the world in flames has been averted ; but it has become increasingly clear that world peace is not assured . '' In September 1939 , the War in Europe began .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8b57e3786951ac27412682bbffa23fc0", "text": "33rd United States Congress The Thirty-third United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government , consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives . It met in Washington , D.C. from March 4 , 1853 , to March 4 , 1855 , during the first two years of the administration of U.S. President Franklin Pierce . During this session , the Kansas-Nebraska Act was passed , an act that soon led to the creation of the Republican Party . The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Seventh Census of the United States in 1850 . Both chambers had a Democratic majority .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "695ffd78a820b8d37ab3a32ddbbeba59", "text": "United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom The United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom ( known formally in the United Kingdom as Ambassador of the United States to the Court of St James 's ) is the official representative of the President and the Government of the United States of America to the Queen and Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland . The position is regarded as one of the most prestigious positions in the United States Foreign Service due to the so-called `` Special Relationship '' . The ambassadorship has been held by various notable politicians , including five who would later become presidents : John Adams , James Monroe , John Quincy Adams , Martin Van Buren and James Buchanan . However , the modern tendency of American presidents ( of both parties ) is to appoint keen political fundraisers from previous presidential campaigns , despite the importance and prestige of the office . The ambassador and the embassy staff at large work at the American Embassy in Grosvenor Square , London . The official residence of the ambassador is Winfield House in Regent 's Park . The post of ambassador is currently vacant ; however , President Trump has announced Woody Johnson as his choice for the post . As of May 18 , 2017 Johnson had not been formally nominated for confirmation by the US Senate . Lewis Lukens is currently serving as Chargé d'affaires-a . i. until Johnson is approved by the Senate . The most recent Ambassador was Matthew Barzun .", "title": "" } ]	fever
1e57520b75c4b5c47a2743bf15dbb664	WWI began in Europe.	[ { "docid": "3bde87883648b3cca92bb3b0443ac671", "text": "World War I World War I ( WWI or WW1 ) , also known as the First World War , the Great War , or the War to End All Wars , was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918 . More than 70 million military personnel , including 60 million Europeans , were mobilised in one of the largest wars in history . Over nine million combatants and seven million civilians died as a result of the war ( including the victims of a number of genocides ) , a casualty rate exacerbated by the belligerents ' technological and industrial sophistication , and the tactical stalemate caused by gruelling trench warfare . It was one of the deadliest conflicts in history , and paved the way for major political changes , including revolutions in many of the nations involved and to WWII twenty-one years later . The war drew in all the world 's economic great powers , assembled in two opposing alliances : the Allies ( based on the Triple Entente of the Russian Empire , the French Third Republic , and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland ) versus the Central Powers of Germany and Austria-Hungary . Although Italy was a member of the Triple Alliance alongside Germany and Austria-Hungary , it did not join the Central Powers , as Austria-Hungary had taken the offensive against the terms of the alliance . These alliances were reorganised and expanded as more nations entered the war : Italy , Japan and the United States joined the Allies , while the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria joined the Central Powers . The trigger for the war was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria , heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary , by Yugoslav nationalist Gavrilo Princip in Sarajevo on 28 June 1914 . This set off a diplomatic crisis when Austria-Hungary delivered an ultimatum to the Kingdom of Serbia , and entangled international alliances formed over the previous decades were invoked . Within weeks , the major powers were at war and the conflict soon spread around the world . On 25 July Russia began mobilisation and on 28 July , the Austro-Hungarians declared war on Serbia . Germany presented an ultimatum to Russia to demobilise , and when this was refused , declared war on Russia on 1 August . Being outnumbered on the eastern front , Russia urged its Triple Entente ally France to open up a second front in the west . Back in 1870 , the Franco-Prussian war had ended the Second French Empire and ceded the provinces of Alsace-Lorraine to a unified Germany . Bitterness over their defeat and the determinance to retake Alsace-Lorraine made the acceptance of Russia 's plea for help an easy choice so France began full mobilisation on 1 August and on 3 August , Germany declared war on France . The border between France and Germany was heavily fortified on both sides so according to the Schlieffen Plan , Germany then invaded neutral Belgium and Luxembourg before moving towards France from the north , leading the United Kingdom to declare war on Germany on 4 August due to their violation of Belgian neutrality . After the German march on Paris was halted in the Battle of the Marne , what became known as the Western Front settled into a battle of attrition , with a trench line that changed little until 1917 . On the Eastern Front , the Russian army led a successful campaign against the Austro-Hungarians , but the Germans stopped its invasion of East Prussia in the battles of Tannenberg and the Masurian Lakes . In November 1914 , the Ottoman Empire joined the Central Powers , opening fronts in the Caucasus , Mesopotamia and the Sinai . In 1915 , Italy joined the Allies and Bulgaria joined the Central Powers ; Romania joined the Allies in 1916 , as did the United States in 1917 . The Russian government collapsed in March 1917 , and a revolution in November followed by a further military defeat brought the Russians to terms with the Central Powers via the Treaty of Brest Litovsk , which granted the Germans a significant victory . After a stunning German offensive along the Western Front in the spring of 1918 , the Allies rallied and drove back the Germans in a series of successful offensives . On 4 November 1918 , the Austro-Hungarian empire agreed to an armistice , and Germany , which had its own trouble with revolutionaries , agreed to an armistice on 11 November 1918 , ending the war in victory for the Allies . By the end of the war or soon after , the German Empire , Russian Empire , Austro-Hungarian Empire and the Ottoman Empire ceased to exist . National borders were redrawn , with several independent nations restored or created , and Germany 's colonies were parceled out among the victors . During the Paris Peace Conference of 1919 , the Big Four ( Britain , France , the United States and Italy ) imposed their terms in a series of treaties . The League of Nations was formed with the aim of preventing any repetition of such a conflict . This effort failed , and economic depression , renewed nationalism , weakened successor states , and feelings of humiliation ( particularly in Germany ) eventually contributed to the start of World War II .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "09bcfd7aae6b0e6b1f3af3eef828fbf8", "text": "Balkans Campaign (World War I) The Balkans Campaign , or Balkan Theatre of World War I was fought between the Central Powers , represented by Austria-Hungary , Bulgaria , Germany and the Ottoman Empire on one side and the Allies , represented by France , Montenegro , Russia , Serbia , and the United Kingdom ( and later Romania and Greece , who sided with the Allied Powers ) on the other side .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "337042ae68a485b3bd4948bc9bae7f90", "text": "Schrecklichkeit Schrecklichkeit ( German `` terror '' or `` frightfulness '' ) is a word used by English speakers to describe an assumed military policy of the German Army towards civilians in World War I. It was the basis of German actions during their march through Belgium in 1914 . Similar policies were followed later in France , the Russian-held area of Poland , and in Russia . Under the traditional `` laws of war '' in Europe , military activity was to be confined to the regular , uniformed armies of each side . Civilians were to take no part in fighting , neither attacking or being attacked . Thus , when the uniformed army troops in a nation or region were all defeated , resistance was supposed to end . In practice , informal resistance by `` partisans '' , `` guerrillas '' , or `` francs-tireurs '' often continued after the `` regular '' troops had given up or withdrawn . These fighters , never officially enrolled in an army , and not wearing uniforms to identify them as combatants , attacked occupying troops by ambushes , surprises , and sniping . Conducting such operations out of uniform was considered perfidy , and those involved could be executed . Occupying armies sometimes responded to such attacks by reprisals against the local population : execution of local inhabitants , whether known to be guerrillas or not , or destruction ( usually by burning ) of homes and other structures . German army doctrine in force at the time called for such reprisals to be performed immediately and severely in any case of civilian resistance . It was argued that such schrecklichkeit would end resistance quickly with relatively little bloodshed , whereas restraint would encourage resistance , leading to greater destruction and death . When Germany invaded Belgium in 1914 , the German high command expected to sweep through the country with negligible opposition . The German army was many times larger and stronger than the Belgian army , and the Germans therefore thought that any resistance by Belgium would be futile . German leaders had even suggested to the Belgian government that in the event of war , the Belgians should just line up along the roads and watch the Germans march through . Belgium 's refusal to accept these German presumptions and its resistance to the German advance came as a surprise , and disrupted the German timetable for advancing into France . This frustration was communicated to the German troops in Belgium . Anything which delayed the German advance was to be crushed mercilessly . The Belgians were viewed as irrational and even treacherous for their opposition . This led to exaggerated suspicions among German commanders of Belgian civilian resistance . It is possible that some Belgian civilians engaged in resistance , though none is documented . It is certain that on several occasions , German commanders declared ( probably in unconscious error ) that such acts had occurred when they had not . The Germans responded to these perceived acts of resistance with harsh measures . In several villages and towns , hundreds of civilians were executed . Many buildings were put to the torch . Priests thought guilty of encouraging the resistance were killed . Violence by German soldiers against Belgians , such as rape , was ignored or not seriously punished . The Belgian city of Leuven was largely destroyed . One German officer later wrote about the town , `` We shall wipe it out ... Not one stone will stand upon another . We will teach them to respect Germany . For generations people will come here and see what we have done '' . These actions , taken in a period of near-panic as the German forces desperately tried to carry out their flanking march before Allied forces could respond , proved to be a propaganda disaster for Germany . The reports of them caused a wave of indignation which aided the Allied cause .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b25b6c7ad061b71724b5ad685f62fe67", "text": "Art and World War II War is a common theme in art and has inspired great works of art . Throughout history , most representations of war depict military achievements and often show significant battle scenes . However , in the 19th century a `` turn '' in the visual representation of war became noticeable . Artists started to show the disastrous aspects of war instead of its glorified events and protagonists . Such a perspective is best exemplified by Goya 's series , The Disasters of War ( 1810-1820 , first published in 1863 ) , and Otto Dix 's portfolio , Der Krieg ( published in 1924 ) . During World War II , both traditions are present . For instance , Paul Nash 's Battle of Britain ( 1941 ) represents a scene of aerial combat between British and German fighters over the English Channel . On the other hand , André Fougeron 's Street of Paris ( 1943 ) focuses on the impact of war and occupation on civilians . In connection to World War II , the relations between art and war can be articulated around two main issues . First , art ( and , more generally , culture ) found itself at the centre of an ideological war . Second , during World War II , many artists found themselves in the most difficult conditions ( in an occupied country , in internment camps , in death camps ) and their works are a testimony to a powerful `` urge to create '' . Such creative impulse can be interpreted as the expression of self-preservation , a survival instinct in critical times .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "538a09ce0239485da34b64c75d398de1", "text": "North West Europe Campaign The North West Europe Campaign was the name given by the British Commonwealth armed forces to the two land campaigns they fought on the Western Front during World War II . In Commonwealth military history , `` North-West Europe '' refers to land , air and sea campaigns and operations in , over or near Belgium , Denmark , France , Germany , Luxembourg , Netherlands , Norway and the United Kingdom during World War II . It includes many more specific campaigns and/or battle honours . The North-West Europe Campaign of 1940 , was part of the Battle of France , and was restricted to the Belgium and the French Channel ports . During this campaign , the French Army was responsible for the rest of the Western Front from Luxembourg to Switzerland , much of which was defended by the Maginot Line . The first campaign ended for the British forces with the defeat of the British Expeditionary Force ( BEF ) and its evacuation from the beaches of Dunkirk . Between 1940 and 1944 , the Allied armies conducted coastal raids in German-Occupied Europe , the largest of which was the Dieppe raid of 1942 . British Commonwealth air force units who served over Occupied Europe , between the fall of France and D-Day were awarded the battle honour `` Fortress Europe 1940 -- 1944 . '' The North-West Europe Campaign of 1944 -- 1945 , was fought by the British Second Army and First Canadian Army as elements of the British 21st Army Group . The campaign started with the landings in Normandy and ended on 4 May 1945 with Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery taking the German military surrender of all German forces in the Netherlands , north west Germany and Denmark on Lüneburg Heath , ( situated between the cities of Hamburg , Hanover and Bremen ) . As with the first campaign the British Commonwealth forces were on the northern flank of the Western Front . The Twelfth United States Army Group , was to their immediate south , further south still was the Sixth United States Army Group , ( that was also known as the Southern Group of Armies as the French First Army was a constituent part )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b8ed77dcf3a8a56fd7babbdc4a2a5a1a", "text": "Continental Europe Continental Europe , also referred to as mainland Europe , or , by Europeans , simply the Continent , is the continuous continent of Europe , excluding surrounding islands . The most common definition of continental Europe excludes continental islands , encompassing the Greek Islands , Cyprus , Malta , Sicily , Sardinia , Corsica , the Balearic Islands , Ireland , Great Britain , the Isle of Man , the Channel Islands , Novaya Zemlya and the Danish archipelago , as well as nearby oceanic islands , including the Canary Islands , Madeira , the Azores , Iceland , the Faroe Islands , and Svalbard . The Scandinavian peninsula is sometimes also excluded , as even though it is technically part of `` mainland Europe '' , the de facto connections to the rest of the continent are across the Baltic Sea or North Sea ( rather than via the lengthy land route that involves travelling to the north of the peninsula where it meets Finland , and then south through north-east Europe ) . The notion of Europe as a geopolitical or cultural term is centred on core Europe ( Kerneuropa ) , the continental territory of the historical Carolingian Empire and the core of Latin Christendom , corresponding to modern France , Italy , Germany ( or German-speaking Europe ) and the Benelux states ( historical Austrasia ) . This historical core of `` Carolingian Europe '' was consciously invoked in the 1950s as the historical ethno-cultural basis for the prospective European integration ( see also Multi-speed Europe ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "df3520f19bbea03e9bdef7a6dc9013fd", "text": "Great Retreat The Great Retreat , also known as the Retreat from Mons , is the name given to the long withdrawal to the River Marne , in August and September 1914 , by the British Expeditionary Force ( BEF ) and the French Fifth Army , Allied forces on the Western Front in World War I , after their defeat by the Imperial German armies at the Battle of Charleroi ( 21 August ) and the Battle of Mons ( 23 August ) . A counter-offensive by the Fifth Army , with some assistance from the BEF at the First Battle of Guise ( Battle of St. Quentin failed to end the German advance and the Franco-British retreat continued to and beyond the Marne . From the First Battle of the Marne ended the Allied retreat and forced the German armies to retire towards the Aisne river and fight the First Battle of the Aisne Reciprocal attempts to outflank the opposing armies to the north followed , known as the Race to the Sea", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fb2ad1879a699c776ff95e4c7c928e42", "text": "Front (military) A military front or battlefront is a contested armed frontier between opposing forces . It can be a local or tactical front , or it can range to a theater . A typical front was the Western Front in France and Belgium in World War I. The term `` home front '' has been used to denote conditions in the civilian sector of a country at war , including those involved in the production of matériel . Both the Soviet and Polish Armies used the term `` front '' to mean an army group during the Polish-Soviet War and World War II . The equivalent of the term established in the header was the `` Theater of military operations '' . The term `` front line city '' was used by the Germans during their long retreat from Moscow/Stalingrad to refer to metropolitan centres that had become disputed by the two combatants . Designation of a city as such resulted in administrative changes ( largely the imposition of martial law ) . In the film Downfall , the term was briefly referenced . The term `` transferred to the front '' is often used by soldiers or personnel when their position has been changed from other activities .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f7b90d31316eac702cb7b8099e929e47", "text": "Race to the Sea The Race to the Sea took place from about 1914 , after the Battle of the Frontiers ( 7 August -- 13 September ) and the German advance into France , which had been stopped at the First Battle of the Marne and was followed by the First Battle of the Aisne a Franco-British counter-offensive . The term described reciprocal attempts by the Franco-British and German armies to envelop the northern flank of the opposing army through Picardy , Artois and Flanders , rather than an attempt to advance northwards to the sea . The `` race '' ended on the North Sea coast of Belgium around 19 October , when the last open area from Dixmude to the North Sea was occupied by Belgian troops , who had been withdrawn from the Siege of Antwerp ( 28 September -- 10 October ) . The outflanking attempts had resulted in a number of encounter battles but neither side was able to gain a decisive victory . After the opposing forces had reached the North Sea , both tried to conduct offensives , leading to the mutually costly and indecisive Battle of the Yser ( 16 October -- 2 November ) and the First Battle of Ypres ( 19 October -- 22 November ) . After mid-November , local operations were carried out by both sides and preparations were made to take the offensive in the spring of 1915 . Erich von Falkenhayn , Chief of the German General Staff ( Oberste Heeresleitung ) since 14 September , concluded that a decisive victory could not be achieved on the Western Front and that it was equally unlikely in the east . Falkenhayn abandoned Vernichtunsstrategie ( strategy of annihilation ) and attempted to create the conditions for peace with one of Germany 's enemies , by Ermattungsstrategie ( strategy of exhaustion ) , to enable Germany to concentrate its resources decisively to defeat the remaining opponents . Over the winter lull , the French army established the theoretical basis of offensive trench warfare , originating many of the methods which became standard for the rest of the war . Infiltration tactics were developed , in which dispersed formations of infantry were followed by nettoyeurs de tranchée ( trench cleaners ) , to capture strong-points that had been by-passed . Artillery observation from aircraft and creeping barrages , were first used systematically in the Second Battle of Artois Falkenhayn issued memoranda on 1915 , to govern defensive battle on the Western Front , in which the existing front line was to be fortified and to be held indefinitely with small numbers of troops , to enable more divisions to be sent to the Eastern Front . New defences were to be built behind the front line to contain a breakthrough until the position was restored by counter-attacks . The Westheer began the huge task of building field fortifications , which were not complete until the autumn of 1915 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5925fcfa133f066ddbd063a2bb08c80d", "text": "The Blitz The Blitz , from the German word Blitzkrieg meaning ` lightning war ' , was the name used by the British press to describe the heavy air raids carried out over Britain in 1940 and 1941 , during the Second World War . The German air offensive was concentrated , aimed at the direct bombing of industrial targets and civilian centres which began with heavy raids on London during the latter phase of the battle for air superiority over the United Kingdom which became known as the Battle of Britain . By September 1940 the Luftwaffe had failed to gain air superiority . The German air fleets ( Luftflotten ) were ordered to attack London , thereby drawing RAF Fighter Command into a battle of annihilation . Adolf Hitler and commander-in-chief of the Luftwaffe ( German Air Force ) Reichsmarschall Hermann Göring , sanctioned the change in emphasis on 6 September 1940 . From 7 September 1940 , just over a year into the war , London was systematically bombed by the Luftwaffe for 56 out of the following 57 days and nights . On 15 September 1940 , a large daylight attack against London was repulsed with significant German losses . Thereafter , the Luftwaffe gradually decreased daylight operations in favour of nocturnal attacks , to avoid RAF defences . The Blitz became a fundamental night bombing campaign after October 1940 . Ports and industrial centres outside London were also attacked . The main Atlantic sea port of Liverpool was bombed . The North Sea port of Hull , a convenient and easily found target or secondary target for bombers unable to locate their primary targets , was subjected to raids in the Hull Blitz during the war . Other ports including Bristol , Cardiff , Portsmouth , Plymouth , Southampton and Swansea were also bombed , as were the industrial cities of Birmingham , Belfast , Coventry , Glasgow , Manchester and Sheffield . More than one million London houses were destroyed or damaged and more than 40,000 civilians were killed , almost half of them in the capital . By May 1941 , the threat of an invasion of Britain had ended , and Hitler 's attention turned to Operation Barbarossa , the invasion of the Soviet Union . The bombing failed to demoralise the British into surrender or significantly damage the war economy . The eight months of bombing never seriously hampered British production and the war industries continued to operate and expand . The German offensive 's greatest effect was forcing the dispersal of aircraft production and parts . British wartime studies concluded that cities generally took 10 to 15 days to recover when hit severely but exceptions like Birmingham took three months . The German air offensive failed for several reasons . In particular , the Luftwaffe High Command ( Oberkommando der Luftwaffe , OKL ) did not develop a methodical strategy for destroying British war industry : German effort was diverted and dispersed against several sets of industries instead of maintaining pressure on any of them . Discussions in OKL revolved around tactics rather than strategy . Poor intelligence on British industry and economic efficiency was also a factor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ce01046cf5a7985f12de28eee6858d23", "text": "Belgium and the Franco-Prussian War Though not actually a belligerent in the Franco -- Prussian War ( 1870 -- 71 ) , Belgian society and politics were heavily affected by the conflict , and in particular the fear of invasion by either side . The mobilization of the army in 1870 highlighted the inadequacies of the Belgian military and led to reform of the system of conscription ( and the abandonment of the system of Remplacement ) and a programme of re-fortification towards the end of the 19th century which would greatly influence the early phases of the First World War .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "605951fd985e9dbedf1ee5708662fb26", "text": "British Expeditionary Force (World War II) The British Expeditionary Force ( BEF ) was the name of the British Army in Western Europe from 1939 to 1940 , in the early stages of the Second World War . During the 1930s , the British government planned to deter war by rearming from the very low level of readiness of the early 30s and abolished the Ten Year Rule . The bulk of the extra money went to the Royal Navy and the Royal Air Force but plans were made to re-equip a small number of Army and Territorial divisions , potentially for service overseas . The BEF had been established in 1938 , in readiness for war , after Nazi Germany annexed Austria in the Anschluss of March 1938 and made claims on Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia , that led to the Munich Agreement ( 30 September 1938 ) , ceding Sudetenland to Germany and the German occupation of Czechoslovakia ( 15 March 1939 ) . After the French and British governments had promised to defend Poland , the German invasion of Poland began on 1 September and on 3 September , after the expiry of an ultimatum , the British and French declared war on Germany . The BEF ( General Lord Gort ) began moving to France in September 1939 . The British assembled along the Belgian -- French border on the left of the French First Army as part of the French 1er groupe d'armées ( 1st Army Group ) of the Front du Nord-est ( North-Eastern Front ) . Most of the BEF spent the Phoney War digging field defences on the French -- Belgian border before the Battle of France ( Fall Gelb ) began on 10 May 1940 . The BEF constituted 10 percent of the Allied forces on the Western Front . The BEF participated in the Dyle Plan , a rapid advance into Belgium to the line of the river Dyle but had to retreat through Belgium and north-western France , with the rest of the 1 er groupe d'armées , after the German breakthrough further south at the Battle of Sedan . The BEF , French and Belgian forces were evacuated from Dunkirk on the French North Sea coast in Operation Dynamo . Saar Force , the 51st ( Highland ) Infantry Division ( with reinforcements ) , had been detached for service along the Maginot Line as part of a plan for the BEF units to gain experience . The force fought with local French units after 10 May , then joined the Tenth Army along with the improvised Beauman Division and the 1st Armoured Division , to fight in the Battle of Abbeville ( 27 May -- 4 June ) on the south side of the Somme . The British government attempted to re-build the BEF with divisions training in Britain , troops from France and lines-or-communications troops south of the Somme river ( informally known as the 2nd BEF ) but after the success of the second German offensive in France ( Fall Rot ) over the Somme and Aisne rivers , the troops were evacuated from Le Havre in Operation Cycle ( 10 -- 13 June ) and the French Atlantic and Mediterranean ports in Operation Ariel ( 15 -- 25 June , unofficially to 14 August ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e217654b128604eaf120a5d9905ae379", "text": "Blue Army (Poland) The Blue Army ( Polish : Błękitna Armia ) , or Haller 's Army was a Polish military contingent created in France during the latter stages of World War I . The name came from the blue military uniforms worn by the soldiers . The symbolic term used to describe the troops was subsequently adopted by General Józef Haller von Hallenburg himself to represent all newly organized Polish Legions fighting in western Europe . The army was formed on 4 June 1917 and composed of Polish volunteers serving alongside the allied forces in France . After fighting on the Western Front during World War I , the army was transferred to Poland where it joined other Polish military formations fighting for the return of Poland 's independence . The Blue Army played a pivotal role in ensuring Polish victory in the Polish-Ukrainian War . Haller 's troops subsequently took part in Poland 's defeat of the advancing Bolshevik forces during the Polish -- Soviet War . During the fighting on the Ukrainian front , individual soldiers within the ranks of the Blue Army acting on their own initiative but with the knowledge of their officers attacked numerous segments of the local Jewish population . According to the joint Anglo-American Investigating Commission and resulting 1919 Morgenthau Report , attacks resulted from `` widespread anti-Semitic prejudice aggravated by the belief that the Jewish inhabitants were politically hostile to the Polish State . '' In parts of Western Ukraine , local Jewish authorities had openly mobilized personnel to serve in the Ukrainian Galician Army .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "39ea9c7a6519e8764b8ce6f6a559f886", "text": "France France ( -LSB- fʁɑ̃s -RSB- ) , officially the French Republic ( -LSB- ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛz -RSB- ) , is a country with territory in western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . The European , or metropolitan , area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . Overseas France include French Guiana on the South American continent and several island territories in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . France spans 643801 km2 and had a total population of almost 67 million people as of January 2017 . It is a unitary semi-presidential republic with the capital in Paris , the country 's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban centres include Marseille , Lyon , Lille , Nice , Toulouse and Bordeaux . During the Iron Age , what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls , a Celtic people . The area was annexed in 51 BC by Rome , which held Gaul until 486 , when the Germanic Franks conquered the region and formed the Kingdom of France . France emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages , with its victory in the Hundred Years ' War ( 1337 to 1453 ) strengthening state-building and political centralisation . During the Renaissance , French culture flourished and a global colonial empire was established , which by the 20th century would be the second largest in the world . The 16th century was dominated by religious civil wars between Catholics and Protestants ( Huguenots ) . France became Europe 's dominant cultural , political , and military power under Louis XIV . In the late 18th century , the French Revolution overthrew the absolute monarchy , established one of modern history 's earliest republics , and saw the drafting of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen , which expresses the nation 's ideals to this day . In the 19th century Napoleon took power and established the First French Empire , whose subsequent Napoleonic Wars shaped the course of continental Europe . Following the collapse of the Empire , France endured a tumultuous succession of governments culminating with the establishment of the French Third Republic in 1870 . France was a major participant in the First World War , from which it emerged victorious , and was one of the Allied Powers in the Second World War , but came under occupation by the Axis Powers in 1940 . Following liberation in 1944 , a Fourth Republic was established and later dissolved in the course of the Algerian War . The Fifth Republic , led by Charles de Gaulle , was formed in 1958 and remains to this day . Algeria and nearly all the other colonies became independent in the 1960s and typically retained close economic and military connections with France . France has long been a global centre of art , science , and philosophy . It hosts Europe 's fourth-largest number of cultural UNESCO World Heritage Sites and receives around 83 million foreign tourists annually , the most of any country in the world . France is a developed country with the world 's sixth-largest economy by nominal GDP and ninth-largest by purchasing power parity . In terms of aggregate household wealth , it ranks fourth in the world . France performs well in international rankings of education , health care , life expectancy , and human development . France remains a great power in the world , being one of the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council with the power to veto and an official nuclear-weapon state . It is a leading member state of the European Union and the Eurozone . It is also a member of the Group of 7 , North Atlantic Treaty Organization ( NATO ) , Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ( OECD ) , the World Trade Organization ( WTO ) , and La Francophonie .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "89ce938119f9cc89db50dc88bd365eeb", "text": "German–Soviet Axis talks In October and November 1940 , German -- Soviet Axis talks occurred concerning the Soviet Union 's potential entry as a fourth Axis Power in World War II . The negotiations , which occurred during the era of the Molotov -- Ribbentrop Pact and the German-Soviet Commercial Agreement , included a two-day Berlin conference between Soviet Foreign Minister Vyacheslav Molotov , Adolf Hitler and German Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop , followed by both countries trading written proposed agreements . After two days of negotiations from 12 to 14 November 1940 , Germany presented the Soviets with a draft written Axis pact agreement defining the world spheres of influence of the four proposed Axis powers ( Japan , Germany , Soviet Union , Italy ) . Hitler , Ribbentrop and Molotov tried to set German and Soviet spheres of influence ; Hitler encouraged Molotov to look south to Iran and eventually India while preserving German access to Finland 's resources , and to remove Soviet influence in the Balkans . Molotov remained firm , seeking to remove German troops from Finland and gain a warm water port in the Balkans . Soviet foreign policy calculations were predicated by the idea that the war would be a long - term struggle and therefore German claims that Britain would be defeated swiftly were treated with scepticism . In addition Stalin sought to remain influential in Bulgaria and Yugoslavia . These factors resulted in Molotov taking a firm line . According to a Columbia University academical source , on 25 November 1940 , the Soviets presented a Stalin-drafted written counterproposal where they would accept the four power pact , but it included Soviet rights to Bulgaria and a world sphere of influence centered on the area around modern Iraq and Iran . Germany did not respond , leaving the negotiations unresolved . Regarding the counterproposal , Hitler remarked to his top military chiefs that Stalin `` demands more and more '' , `` he 's a cold-blooded blackmailer '' and that `` a German victory has become unbearable for Russia '' so that `` she must be brought to her knees as soon as possible . '' Germany ended the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact in June 1941 by invading the Soviet Union .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a3a288c6aba31c9ccb4dd4ff75fb2a25", "text": "Origins of the Cold War The Origins of the Cold War are widely regarded to lie most directly in the relations between the Soviet Union and the allies ( the United States , Great Britain and France ) in the years 1945 -- 1947 . Those events led to the Cold War that endured for just under half a century . Events preceding the Second World War , and even the Russian Revolution of 1917 , underlay pre -- World War II tensions between the Soviet Union , western European countries and the United States . A series of events during and after World War II exacerbated tensions , including the Soviet-German pact during the first two years of the war leading to subsequent invasions , the perceived delay of an amphibious invasion of German-occupied Europe , the western allies ' support of the Atlantic Charter , disagreement in wartime conferences over the fate of Eastern Europe , the Soviets ' creation of an Eastern Bloc of Soviet satellite states , western allies scrapping the Morgenthau Plan to support the rebuilding of German industry , and the Marshall Plan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea8f4ffebc7194a89eca03319b50b852", "text": "1910s The 1910s ( pronounced `` nineteen-tens '' , also abbreviated as the `` teens '' ) was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on January 1 , 1910 , and ended on December 31 , 1919 . The 1910s represented the culmination of European militarism which had its beginnings during the second half of the 19th century . The conservative lifestyles during the first half of the decade , as well as the legacy of military alliances , was forever changed by the assassination , on June 28 , 1914 , of Archduke Franz Ferdinand , the heir presumptive to the Austro-Hungarian throne . The murder triggered a chain of events in which , within 33 days , World War I broke out in Europe on August 1 , 1914 . The conflict dragged on until a truce was declared on November 11 , 1918 , leading to the controversial , one-sided Treaty of Versailles , which was signed on June 28 , 1919 . The war 's end triggered the abdication of various monarchies and the collapse of five of the last modern empires of Russia , Germany , China , Ottoman Turkey and Austria-Hungary , with the latter splintered into Austria , Hungary , southern Poland ( who acquired most of their land in a war with Soviet Russia ) , Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia , as well as the unification of Romania with Transylvania and Moldavia . However , each of these states ( with the possible exception of Yugoslavia ) had large German and Hungarian minorities , there creating some unexpected problems that would be brought to light in the next two decades . ( See Dissolution of Austro-Hungarian Empire : Successor States for better description of composition of names of successor countries/states following the splinter . ) The decade was also a period of revolution in a number of countries . The Mexican Revolution spearheaded the trend in November 1910 , which led to the ousting of dictator Porfirio Diaz , developing into a violent civil war that dragged on until mid-1920 , not long after a new Mexican Constitution was signed and ratified . Russia also had a similar fate , since World War I led to a collapse in morale as well as to economic chaos . This atmosphere encouraged the establishment of Bolshevism , which was later renamed as communism . Like the Mexican Revolution , the Russian Revolution of 1917 , known as the October Revolution , immediately turned to Russian Civil War that dragged until approximately late 1922 . Much of the music in these years was ballroom-themed . Many of the fashionable restaurants were equipped with dance floors . Prohibition in the United States began January 16 , 1919 , with the ratification of the Eighteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e3a0132c80841796f26f0c293293b080", "text": "18th century The 18th century lasted from January 1 , 1701 to December 31 , 1800 in the Gregorian calendar . During the 18th century , the Enlightenment culminated in the French and American revolutions . Philosophy and science increased in prominence . Philosophers dreamed of a brighter age . This dream turned into a reality with the French Revolution of 1789 - , though later compromised by the excesses of the Reign of Terror ( 1793-1794 ) under Maximilien Robespierre . At first , many monarchies of Europe embraced Enlightenment ideals , but with the French Revolution they feared losing their power and formed broad coalitions for the counter-revolution . The Ottoman Empire experienced an unprecedented period of peace and economic expansion , taking part in no European wars from 1740 to 1768 . As a consequence the empire did not share in Europe 's military improvements during the Seven Years ' War ( 1756-1763 ) , causing its military to fall behind and suffer defeats against Russia in the second half of the century . The 18th century also marked the end of the Polish -- Lithuanian Commonwealth as an independent state . The once-powerful and vast kingdom , which had once conquered Moscow and defeated great Ottoman armies , collapsed under numerous invasions . Its semi-democratic government system was not robust enough to rival the neighboring monarchies of the Kingdom of Prussia , the Russian Empire and the Archduchy of Austria which divided the Commonwealth territories between themselves , changing the landscape of Central European politics for the next hundred years . European colonization of the Americas and other parts of the world intensified and associated mass migrations of people grew in size as the Age of Sail continued . Great Britain became a major power worldwide with the defeat of France in North America in the 1760s and the conquest of large parts of India . However , Britain lost many of its North American colonies after the American Revolution , which resulted in the formation of the newly independent United States of America . The Industrial Revolution started in Britain in the 1770s with the production of the improved steam engine . Despite its modest beginnings in the 18th century , steam-powered machinery would radically change human society and the environment . Western historians have occasionally defined the 18th century otherwise for the purposes of their work . For example , the `` short '' 18th century may be defined as 1715 -- 1789 , denoting the period of time between the death of Louis XIV of France and the start of the French Revolution , with an emphasis on directly interconnected events . To historians who expand the century to include larger historical movements , the `` long '' 18th century may run from the Glorious Revolution of 1688 to the Battle of Waterloo in 1815 or even later .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "458ecc92326e7ed8635406fb54d72894", "text": "Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II This article is about the military history of the United Kingdom during World War II . The United Kingdom , along with most of its Dominions , Crown colonies , and British India , declared war on Nazi Germany in September 1939 , after the German invasion of Poland . War with Japan began in December 1941 , after it attacked British colonies in Asia . The Axis powers were defeated by the Allies in 1945 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5f67988575c48a9178c9e3bc1bea08ab", "text": "Histoire de Belgique (book series) The Histoire de Belgique ( `` History of Belgium '' ) is a seven-volume survey of the history of Belgium by the historian Henri Pirenne , written in French language and published between 1900 and 1932 . The series , which traces the emergence of the Belgian nation-state from the Roman era until the start of World War I , is a classic of nationalist historiography and one of Pirenne 's major works . Although Pirenne is today best known as a historian of Medieval Europe , the Histoire de Belgique series was his most respected work during his lifetime and the foundation of his reputation as Belgium 's leading national historian . Unlike much nationalist historiography , Pirenne 's history did not trace the emergence of a Belgian `` Volksgeist '' ( national spirit ) but argued that Belgium had naturally developed as a cosmopolitan society to serve as a mediator between Latin and Germanic Europe . Pirenne did , however , believe in the existence of a distinctly Belgian civilisation ( civilisation belge ) reflecting a unique combination of external influences and which had changed over time without losing its distinctiveness . Publication began in 1900 and ended in 1932 after being disrupted for several years during the German occupation of Belgium ( 1914 -- 18 ) in which Pirenne had been held as a political prisoner . The seventh volume was awarded the Francqui Prize in 1933 . According to modern historians , Pirenne 's 1928 publication La Belgique et la Guerre Mondiale ( Belgium and the World War ) could be considered a chronological sequel , covering the period after the end of volume seven .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c0428ce039db859733a2121c0cc7bad1", "text": "Pax Britannica Pax Britannica ( Latin for `` British Peace '' , modelled after Pax Romana ) was the period of relative peace in Europe ( 1815 -- 1914 ) during which the British Empire became the global hegemonic power and adopted the role of a global police force . Between 1815 and 1914 , a period referred to as Britain 's `` imperial century , '' around 10,000,000 sqmi of territory and roughly 400 million people were added to the British Empire . Victory over Napoleonic France left the British without any serious international rival , other than perhaps Russia in central Asia . When Russia tried expanding its influence in the Balkans , the British and French defeated it in the Crimean War ( 1854 -- 56 ) , thereby protecting the by-then feeble Ottoman Empire . Britain 's Royal Navy controlled most of the key maritime trade routes and enjoyed unchallenged sea power . Alongside the formal control it exerted over its own colonies , Britain 's dominant position in world trade meant that it effectively controlled access to many regions , such as Asia and Latin America . British merchants , shippers and bankers had such an overwhelming advantage over everyone else that in addition to its colonies it had an `` informal empire '' .", "title": "" } ]	fever
b908bcc6b132aa4e5f2a4e68d8e8fa61	David Beckham is a former professional.	[ { "docid": "d8796d388a7800513a6f791fbe6dde3b", "text": "David Beckham David Robert Joseph Beckham , ( -LSB- ˈbɛkəm -RSB- born 2 May 1975 ) is an English former professional footballer . He played for Manchester United , Preston North End , Real Madrid , Milan , LA Galaxy , Paris Saint-Germain , and the England national team for which he held the appearance record for an outfield player until 2016 when Wayne Rooney surpassed his total . He is the first English player to win league titles in four countries : England , Spain , the United States and France . He announced his retirement in May 2013 after a 20-year career , during which he won 19 major trophies . Known for his range of passing , crossing ability and bending free-kicks as a right winger , Beckham was runner up in the Ballon d'Or , twice runner-up for FIFA World Player of the Year and in 2004 he was named by Pelé in the FIFA 100 list of the world 's greatest living players . He was inducted into the English Football Hall of Fame in 2008 . A global ambassador for the sport , Beckham is regarded as a British cultural icon . Beckham 's professional club career began with Manchester United , where he made his first-team debut in 1992 aged 17 . With United , he won the Premier League title six times , the FA Cup twice , and the UEFA Champions League in 1999 . He then played four seasons with Real Madrid , winning the La Liga championship in his final season with the club . In July 2007 Beckham signed a five-year contract with Major League Soccer club LA Galaxy . While a Galaxy player , he spent two loan spells in Italy with Milan in 2009 and 2010 . He was the first British footballer to play 100 UEFA Champions League games . In international football , Beckham made his England debut on 1 September 1996 at the age of 21 . He was captain for six years , earning 58 caps during his tenure . He made 115 career appearances in total , appearing at three FIFA World Cup tournaments , in 1998 , 2002 and 2006 , and two UEFA European Championship tournaments , in 2000 and 2004 . Beckham has consistently ranked among the highest earners in football , and in 2013 he was listed as the highest-paid player in the world , earning over $ 50 million in the previous 12 months . He has been married to Victoria Beckham since 1999 and they have four children . He has been a UNICEF UK ambassador since 2005 , and in 2015 he launched 7 : The David Beckham UNICEF Fund . In 2014 , MLS announced Beckham and a group of investors would own an expansion team in Miami , which would begin in 2016 or 2017 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "ee8082e4698d5d992d311add7a1eb126", "text": "History of Arsenal F.C. (1966–present) The history of Arsenal Football Club from 1966 to the present day covers the third , fourth , and fifth periods of success in Arsenal 's history , including three Doubles , a Cup Double , and success in European football . Following Bertie Mee 's appointment in 1966 , Arsenal won the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup , their first European trophy , in 1969 -- 70 , and their first League and FA Cup double in 1970 -- 71 . The Double-winning side , however , was soon broken up and the following decade was characterised by a series of near misses : Arsenal lost three FA Cup finals ( 1971 -- 72 , 1977 -- 78 , and 1979 -- 80 ) and the 1979 -- 80 Cup Winners ' Cup final on penalties . The club 's only success during this time was an FA Cup win in 1978 -- 79 against Manchester United . After stagnation in the 1980s , the return of former player George Graham as manager in 1986 brought a third period of glory . Arsenal won the League Cup in 1986 -- 87 , the Football League Centenary Trophy in 1988 , two League title wins in 1988 -- 89 and 1990 -- 91 , the FA Cup and League Cup double in 1992 -- 93 and a second European trophy , the Cup Winners ' Cup , in 1993 -- 94 . However , Graham 's reputation was tarnished when it was revealed that he had taken kickbacks for signing certain players and he was sacked in 1995 . Arsenal fifth period of success came with the appointment of Arsène Wenger in 1996 . Under him , Arsenal won a second league and cup double in 1997 -- 98 and then a third in 2001 -- 02 . In addition , the club were victorious in the 2002 -- 03 and 2004 -- 05 FA Cups , and won the Premier League in 2003 -- 04 without losing a single match . In 2005 -- 06 became the first London club to reach the UEFA Champions League Final , and lost 2 -- 1 against FC Barcelona . During the following close season , they left their longstanding home of Highbury to the new Emirates Stadium nearby .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5391ab2fc26e5b8a263e723441535f6", "text": "Heroes and Villains (football fanzine) Heroes and Villains is the title of a football fanzine written by and primarily aimed at fans of Aston Villa F.C. . It was launched in 1989 , and has been in regular print ever since , long surpassing 100 issues . It has been edited from the start by Dave Woodhall . Although of course primarily concerned directly with the fortunes of Aston Villa , occasionally other general football articles and humorous , nostalgic pieces are to be found amongst its pages . It was often critical of Doug Ellis who was the chairman of Aston Villa during the period 1982 to 2006 ( his second spell at the club ) . He was seen by many fans as being complacent and unambitious regarding the fortunes of the team . As with most fanzines , many articles contain much baiting of local rival football clubs and their fans , in this case chiefly Birmingham City F.C. and West Bromwich Albion F.C. However , a goodly part of the fanzine 's contents consist of contributors ' personal views on and memories of experiences derived from being a supporter of Aston Villa . Aston Villa 's richly varied history , particularly that of the last 25 years and within living memory of most contributors , consisting as it does of Villa 's League Championship and European Cup winning achievements of '81 and ' 82 , their mid '80s decline culminating in relegation in ' 87 , followed by a revival under Graham Taylor 's management which led to an unexpected league runners-up spot just 3 seasons later , provides much material . As does a further , also unexpected , runners up placing in ' 93 , league cup triumphs in '94 and ' 96 , and the generally solid but unspectacular performance of the team , up to the 2005-2006 season 's underachievements and the broad feeling of dissatisfaction with the way the club was being run . Something of a running joke in the fanzine concerns Villa 's underachievement in the FA Cup , the club having not won the competition since 1957 , with their only final appearance since then consisting of a dismal performance in losing 1-0 to the pre-Roman Abramovich Chelsea in 2000 . As the 3rd round of the competition - Villa 's usual entry point - approaches each season , many fans come to the agreement that this year is definitely `` our year for the cup ... '' For the start of the 2014-15 season , the fanzine phased out the paper publishing format of distribution , and is now available only to download to computers , mobile devices , and so on . The fanzine also spawned a website forum which remains very popular among Villa supporters .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a7453f89ed772fe60d53b31c3468b24", "text": "John Beck (footballer) John Alexander Beck ( born 25 May 1954 ) is an English former footballer and manager . As a player , he made nearly 500 Football League appearances for five clubs between 1972 and 1989 . As a manager , he had a highly successful spell in charge of Cambridge United in the early 1990s , when he guided the club to two successive promotions and two successive quarter-final appearances in the FA Cup . Beck took the club from the Fourth Division to the Second and very nearly to the new Premier League at the end of the 1991 -- 92 season , where they ended their campaign fifth in the Second Division , their highest ever league finish . . In 2010 , he was appointed manager of Conference National club Histon , but resigned two games into the 2010 -- 11 season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e3221ceeeaf94e07c2b4be745e705293", "text": "Darlington F.C. Darlington Football Club is an English football club based in Darlington , County Durham . They are members of the and play at Blackwell Meadows . The club was founded in 1883 , and played its matches at Feethams . The club originally played in regionally organised leagues , and were one of the founding members of the Northern League in 1889 . They were first admitted to the Football League when the Third Division North was formed in 1921 . They won the Third Division North title in 1925 , and their 15th place in the Second Division in 1926 remains their highest ever league finish . After their admission to the League , they spent most of their history in the bottom tier . They won the Third Division North Cup in 1934 , their first victory in nationally organised cup competition . They reached the last 16 of the FA Cup twice , and the quarter-final of the Football League Cup once , in 1968 . In the early 1990s they won successive titles , in the Conference National in 1990 and the Fourth Division in 1991 . In 2011 they won the FA Trophy , defeating Mansfield Town 1 -- 0 at Wembley Stadium . Darlington moved to the all-seater , 25,000-capacity Darlington Arena in 2003 . The cost of the stadium was a major factor in driving the club into administration . In May 2012 , the club was bought out of a period of administration without entering into a Creditors Voluntary Agreement ( CVA ) . The Football Association ruled that it should be treated as a new club , which required a change of playing name . The name chosen was Darlington 1883 , and that team was placed in the Northern League Division One , the ninth tier of English football , for the 2012 -- 13 season . They won three promotions in four seasons before the FA approved their request to revert to their traditional name . The club 's main rivals are Hartlepool United . The club 's traditional colours are black and white shirts , black shorts and black and white socks . The club 's crest depicts Locomotion No 1 , referring to the town 's railway history ; as well as a stylised Quaker hat , referring to the religious movement that had a historic influence on the town , and which was the source of the team 's nickname , the Quakers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d68c4daa2f1f5e51c4a5e3c18ab852e9", "text": "Association football culture Association football culture refers to the cultural aspects surrounding the game of association football . In many countries , football has ingrained itself into the national culture , and parts of life may revolve around it . Many countries have daily football newspapers , as well as football magazines . Football players , especially in the top levels of the game , have become role models for people . The FIFA World Cup held every four years is the quintessential football event , combining the greatest players in the world and the passion of the fans . Football has a long and glorious history , with which a vast and diverse culture has emerged . The culture of football can be easily divided into how the players , fans and clubs see the sport .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "acbc132b3fbff5def1e512dff97145ed", "text": "2008–09 Manchester United F.C. season The 2008 -- 09 season was Manchester United 's 17th season in the Premier League , and their 34th consecutive season in the top division of English football . After winning a third consecutive Premier League title for the second time to equal Liverpool 's record of 18 league titles , the team aimed to become the first team to retain the European Cup since Milan in 1990 . However , they were beaten 2 -- 0 by Barcelona in the final at the Stadio Olimpico in Rome on 27 May 2009 . United started their season in August 2008 by winning the Community Shield . In December 2008 , the club became the first English side to win the FIFA Club World Cup when they beat LDU Quito 1 -- 0 in the final . Two months later , on 1 March 2009 , the club added the 2008 -- 09 League Cup to their trophy cabinet with a 4 -- 1 penalty shootout win over Tottenham Hotspur after a goalless 120 minutes in the final . United secured a third consecutive Premier League with a goalless draw at home to Arsenal on 16 May 2009 . This made them the first team ever to win three consecutive English top flight titles on two separate occasions , having previously done so between 1999 and 2001 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18267143e70bd1490f4547c046acfd5a", "text": "Christian Hanson (footballer) Christian Hanson ( born 3 August 1981 ) is an English former footballer . A left-footed central defender , he represented England at schools and youth level . He played for a host of non-league clubs , and picked up his greatest honour by winning the FA Trophy with Grays Athletic in 2006 . Once contracted to Middlesbrough , he played a handful of games in the Football League for Cambridge United , Torquay United , Port Vale , and Leyton Orient .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a202d16bc596e22b75c2681cd4476be", "text": "List of Fulham F.C. seasons Fulham Football Club is an English professional football team based in Fulham in the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham . The club was formed in West Kensington in 1879 as Fulham St Andrew 's Church Sunday School F.C. , shortened to Fulham F.C. in 1888 . They initially played at Fulham Fields before a move to Craven Cottage in 1896 ; the club played their first professional match in December 1898 and made their FA Cup debut in the 1902 -- 03 season . The club competed in the Southern Football League between 1898 and 1907 , when they were accepted into the Football League Second Division . Having spent much of their history outside the top division , the team gained promotion to the Premier League in 2001 . Fulham reached the final of the UEFA Europa League in 2010 . To date they are the club with the highest number of seasons in the top flight ( 25 ) without having achieved a single honour . Their highest position in the English football league system was 7th in the Premier League in 2008 -- 09 , while their lowest position was 17th in the Third Division ( by then the fourth tier ) in 1995 -- 96 . The following table gives a record of every season of the club from their first professional season in the Southern Football League Division 2 , to the present day , in the EFL Championship . It details the club 's achievements in major competitions , their managers , and the top scorers in the league for each season . The table is correct up to the end of the 2012 -- 13 season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8feec2dfd682e7e8e8ed6da03892692b", "text": "David Lindsay (English footballer) David Lindsay ( born 17 May 1966 ) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Crystal Palace as a left back . He began his youth career at Crystal Palace and signed professional terms in May 1984 . His league debut , however , was in December 1983 , in a home 1 -- 2 defeat to Carlisle United , but it was his only appearance that season . In season 1984 -- 85 he made 11 appearances and in 1985 -- 86 began the season as first choice left back but played only nine times . In the 1986 close season , Lindsay moved on to play for Finnish club Kuopion Elo , before signing for Welling United in March 1987 , where he made 63 appearances over the next two seasons .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5b4a1333a758ca49ba66f08eea51d537", "text": "History of Stoke City F.C. Stoke City Football Club was formed in 1863 as Stoke Ramblers Football Club by former pupils of the Charterhouse School whilst they were apprentices at the North Staffordshire Railway . The club dropped the Ramblers from their name in 1878 , and in 1888 they were founding members of the Football League . In 1925 , the club 's name was changed for the final time to Stoke City Football Club when Stoke-on-Trent was granted city status . The club moved in 1997 to the Britannia Stadium , a 28,383 all-seater stadium ; having spent 119 years at the Victoria Ground . In the 2007 -- 08 season , Stoke won promotion from the Football League Championship , the second tier of English football , and as of 2008 -- 09 are playing in the top flight ( currently Premier League ) for the first time since the 1984 -- 85 season , when they were relegated with a total of 17 points , a record low unsurpassed for 21 years . Stoke 's only major trophy was the 1972 Football League Cup , won when they beat Chelsea 2 -- 1 in the final at Wembley Stadium before a crowd of 97,852 . The club have also won the Football League Trophy twice , in 1992 and 2000 . In terms of league achievement the closest Stoke have come to winning the title was in the 1946 -- 47 season where a final day defeat cost Stoke top spot .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "48115158f641bdac41bc051bcdbee2f0", "text": "1960–61 Chelsea F.C. season The 1960 -- 61 season was Chelsea Football Club 's 47th of competitive football , and their 35th in the English top flight . Chelsea 's performances and results were erratic throughout the season , typified by large victories over Arsenal , Newcastle United and West Bromwich Albion and heavy defeats against Manchester United , Wolverhampton Wanderers and Burnley , culminating in a sixth consecutive mid-table finish since their Championship success in 1955 . The club were also victims of an upset in the FA Cup , losing 2 -- 1 at home to Fourth Division side Crewe Alexandra . The season was nonetheless a watershed in the club 's history ; frustrated at the club 's lack of direction , Chelsea 's star player Jimmy Greaves joined AC Milan at the end of the season . Manager Ted Drake , his position weakened by the Crewe result in particular , would also leave the club early into the next season . Despite the lack of tangible success , the season produced a series of records . Chelsea scored 98 league goals , a record that stood until Chelsea 's record breaking 2009 -- 10 season and conceded 100 goals -- another club record . Greaves scored 41 league goals , plus another two in the League Cup for a seasonal total of 43 , which has never been bettered by another Chelsea player . Greaves also notched six hat-tricks ( another club record for a single season ) , and during the campaign scored his 100th career league goal ; at the age of 21 , still the youngest ever player to do so .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d332e5fd29d1a123a5a473e2c846454", "text": "Michael Thomas (footballer, born 1967) Michael Lauriston Thomas ( born 24 August 1967 ) is an English former professional footballer who played as a midfielder from 1986 to 2001 . He is best remembered for scoring a last-minute goal in injury time during the final match of the 1988 -- 89 season , which allowed Arsenal to claim the First Division title over Liverpool . Later in his career , Thomas went on to play for Liverpool and scored a goal for the Reds in the 1992 FA Cup Final . He also had spells at Benfica and Wimbledon before retiring in 2001 , after a career that saw him win medals in all of English football 's top three domestic football trophies . He was capped twice by England .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "40ad0a2357ff487836769fbf9e219f7c", "text": "Dave Brammer David Brammer ( born 28 February 1975 ) is an English former football midfielder . In a sixteen-year career he scored 22 goals in 455 games in the Football League . Starting his career at Wrexham in 1993 , he lifted the Welsh Cup and FAW Premier Cup with the club . He moved on to Port Vale for an initial # 350,000 fee in March 1999 . In 2001 he lifted the Football League Trophy , and was also made the club 's Player of the Year . Following this success he was sold on to Crewe Alexandra for # 500,000 . He helped the `` Alex '' win promotion out of the Second Division in 2002 -- 03 . After three years with Crewe he switched to Stoke City in 2007 , thereby becoming one of a small number of players to have played for the three local rivals of Crewe , Stoke and Vale . He spent 2007 to 2009 at Millwall , before finishing his career at Vale Park later in 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bce1b667083d6009b553c8a254a9084d", "text": "Beach soccer Beach soccer , also known as beach football or beasal , is a variant of association football played on a beach or some form of sand . The game emphasises skill , agility and shooting at goal . Whilst football has been played informally on beaches for many years , the introduction of beach soccer was an attempt to codify rules for the game . This was done in 1992 by the founders of Beach Soccer Worldwide , a company set up to develop the sport and is responsible for the majority of its tournaments to this day . This was a major foundation for what is now known as beach soccer and what has led to the sport rapidly growing in popularity . The irregularity of the soft-sand playing surface leads to a totally different style of play than is used in football , with a greater degree of improvisation . The compact field , much smaller than a normal football field , allows players to score from anywhere on the sand , leading to an average of sixty attempts at goal in a single game . With an average of scoring rate of one goal every three or four minutes , around eleven goals are scored in total during an average game .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "75a898ce204ad1dfc1066b70b41fc450", "text": "Paul Miller (footballer, born 1959) Paul Richard Miller ( born 11 October 1959 ) is an English former footballer who played in the Football League for Tottenham Hotspur , Charlton Athletic , Watford , Bournemouth , Brentford and Swansea City . Miller 's favoured position was centre back . Miller was born in Stepney , London . In his early years , he played his youth football in the London Borough of Hackney for the ELY ( East London Youth ) team , winning a league runners-up medal in 1970 at under-11 level . Miller began his professional career at Tottenham Hotspur , signing as apprentice in 1976 , professional a year later , and spending a season with Skeid in the Norwegian League to gain experience . He was part of Spurs ' FA Cup - winning team in 1981 , conceding a penalty after bringing down Dave Bennett in the replay which Tottenham won 3 -- 2 . He won a second FA Cup-winner 's medal with Spurs the following year , and played a key role in their 1983 -- 84 UEFA Cup victory , scoring an away goal in the first leg of the final against Anderlecht . He later played for Charlton Athletic , Watford , A.F.C. Bournemouth , Brentford and Swansea City .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4cb254cde2271f41078e56c7a84290a8", "text": "1994–95 Blackburn Rovers F.C. season The 1994 -- 95 season was Blackburn Rovers F.C. 's third season in the Premier League , and their third consecutive season in the top division of English football . The season was marked by the club winning the Premier League title , ending their 81-year run without an English league title . They ended up winning the title by a one-point margin over Manchester United . Rovers led the way for most of the season , but a 2 -- 1 defeat at Kenny Dalglish 's old club Liverpool on the final day of the season briefly appeared to threaten their title hopes . Manchester United however could only draw ( 1 -- 1 ) at West Ham so the league title was back at Blackburn for the first time since 1914 . Jack Walker 's dream had come true : within five years of buying the club , he had taken them from strugglers in the old Second Division to champions of England . Early exits from the League Cup , FA Cup and UEFA Cup to Liverpool , Newcastle and Trelleborg respectively were frustrating for Rovers in 1994 -- 95 , but turned out for the best as they could concentrate on the league challenge . Kenny Dalglish won the Premier League Manager of the Year award for leading Blackburn to success , Alan Shearer won both the Golden Boot for contributing 34 of Blackburn 's 80 league goals and also the PFA Players ' Player of the Year award as nominated by his fellow professionals . Graeme Le Saux , Colin Hendry , Tim Sherwood and Shearer all made it into the PFA Team of the Year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c6f4ee90dea8ae212bf022f6d8a0257a", "text": "1999–2000 FA Cup The 1999 -- 2000 FA Cup was the 119th staging of the world 's oldest cup competition , the Football Association Cup or FA Cup . Both the semi-finals and final of the competition were played at Wembley Stadium for the last time before reconstruction work began . The competition culminated with the FA Cup Final between Chelsea and Aston Villa . The game was won by a goal from Chelsea 's Roberto Di Matteo , giving them a 1-0 victory . The previous season 's winners , Manchester United , withdrew from the 1999 -- 2000 competition due to their participation in the 2000 FIFA Club World Championship in South America , to take place in early 2000 , thus becoming the first FA Cup winners not to defend their title . Despite this being at the request of the Football Association ( FA ) , they received criticism from journalists and television pundits . To keep the competition running smoothly , the FA chose to draw one team from among those lower-division teams defeated in the second round to progress as `` lucky losers '' to the third . Darlington were the team drawn . The main competition started in November 1999 for clubs from the Football League and Premiership . For details on the preliminary and qualifying rounds of the FA Cup see FA Cup Archives .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2accdd73b7f41a4d5eb9fa50cc1d2e46", "text": "History of FC Bayern Munich FC Bayern Munich is a German sports club based in Munich , Bavaria . It is best known for its professional football team , which plays in the Bundesliga , the top tier of the German football league system , and is the most successful club in German football history , having won a record 26 national titles and 18 national cups . Founded in 1900 by eleven football players led by Franz John , the club had its period of greatest success in the middle of the 1970s when , under the captaincy of Franz Beckenbauer , it won the European Cup three times in a row ( 1974 -- 76 ) . Overall , Bayern has reached ten European Cup/UEFA Champions League finals , most recently winning their fifth title in 2013 as part of a continental treble . Bayern has also won one UEFA Cup , one European Cup Winners ' Cup , one UEFA Super Cup , one FIFA Club World Cup and two Intercontinental Cups , making it one of the most successful European clubs internationally . Since the formation of the Bundesliga , Bayern has been the dominant club in German football with 26 titles and has won 8 of the last 12 titles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "07751b26ea51e91387d4035b3d0365c6", "text": "Barry Horne (footballer) Barry Horne ( born 18 May 1962 , St Asaph , Wales ) is a Welsh former professional footballer , former chairman of the Professional Footballers ' Association and sports television pundit . As a player , he was a midfielder from 1984 until 2002 , notably playing in the Premier League for Everton . He also played in the Football League for Wrexham , Portsmouth , Southampton , Birmingham City , Huddersfield Town , Sheffield Wednesday and Walsall , before playing Non-league football with Kidderminster Harriers and Belper Town . He was capped 59 times by Wales , scoring twice .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b84f9eef1ab867b4d50f83dcbe30291a", "text": "Bank of England club The Bank of England club is a nickname in English association football for a football club which has a strong financial backing . It was used to refer to Arsenal F.C. in the 1930s as well as in recent times for being the last of the Premier League 's Big Four clubs to be owned primarily by English investors .", "title": "" } ]	fever
50a0c69379aae3fb30146ee4697efd8a	Billie Jean King represented the US team in the Fed Cup and the Wightman Cup exactly one time.	[ { "docid": "b334ccb9e3c9abe8ef02dfb0082e97e5", "text": "Billie Jean King Billie Jean King ( née Moffitt ; born November 22 , 1943 ) is an American former World No. 1 professional tennis player . King won 39 Grand Slam titles : 12 in singles , 16 in women 's doubles , and 11 in mixed doubles . King won the singles title at the inaugural WTA Tour Championships . King often represented the United States in the Federation Cup and the Wightman Cup . She was a member of the victorious United States team in seven Federation Cups and nine Wightman Cups . For three years , King was the United States ' captain in the Federation Cup . King is an advocate for gender equality and has long been a pioneer for equality and social justice . In 1973 , at age 29 , she won the Battle of the Sexes tennis match against the 55-year-old Bobby Riggs , and was the founder of the Women 's Tennis Association , World TeamTennis ( with former husband Larry King ) , and the Women 's Sports Foundation . Regarded by many in the sport as one of the greatest tennis players of all time , King was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 1987 . The Fed Cup Award of Excellence was bestowed on King in 2010 . In 1972 , King was the joint winner , with John Wooden , of the Sports Illustrated Sportsman of the Year award and was one of the Time Persons of the Year in 1975 . King has also received the Presidential Medal of Freedom and the Sunday Times Sportswoman of the Year lifetime achievement award . King was inducted into the National Women 's Hall of Fame in 1990 , and in 2006 , the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City was renamed the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "2df9ad7d1212461b3b1a52a041507d24", "text": "2010 ATP World Tour The Association of Tennis Professionals ( ATP ) World Tour is the elite professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP . The 2010 ATP World Tour calendar comprises the Grand Slam tournaments ( supervised by the International Tennis Federation ( ITF ) ) , the ATP World Tour Masters 1000 , the ATP World Tour 500 series , the ATP World Tour 250 series , the ATP World Team Championship , the Davis Cup ( organized by the ITF ) , and the ATP World Tour Finals . Also included in the 2010 calendar is the Hopman Cup , which does not distribute ranking points , and is organized by the ITF .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a9b53a8a91c35a50baba435c4f4093a", "text": "2014 US Open (tennis) The 2014 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts . It was the 134th edition of the US Open , the fourth and final Grand Slam event of the year . It took place at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center . Rafael Nadal was the defending champion in the men 's event ; however , on 18 August , the Spaniard announced his withdrawal from the event after failing to recover from a wrist injury , while Serena Williams was the two-time defending champion in the women 's event . In the men 's singles competition , Marin Čilić won his maiden grand slam title ; while , Serena Williams won her Open era record tying sixth title in the women 's singles competition tying Chris Evert , and it was her eighteenth grand slam title tying Evert and Martina Navratilova . Winning the men 's doubles , Bob Bryan and Mike Bryan became the most victorious doubles team in Open era history at the tournament , and this was the team 's 100th title together and sixteenth grand slam title tying Todd Woodbridge for the Open era record . Ekaterina Makarova and Elena Vesnina won women 's doubles competition title , becoming two-time grand slam champions with their victory at the 2013 French Open . The winning mixed doubles team was Sania Mirza and Bruno Soares , and for Mirza it was her third mixed doubles grand slam title in her career and Soares ' second grand slam title for his career . It was Soares ' second US Open title in mixed doubles , and it was the first for Mirza .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2055debbb9df0f4c788f0c231ff875a0", "text": "1984 Wightman Cup The 1984 Nabisco Wightman Cup was the 56th edition of the annual women 's team tennis competition between the United States and Great Britain . It was held at the Royal Albert Hall in London in England in the United Kingdom .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "505fceefcb32d83c8c5e64f4fbd2a484", "text": "1950 U.S. National Championships (tennis) The 1950 U.S. National Championships ( now known as the US Open ) was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the West Side Tennis Club , Forest Hills in New York , United States . The tournament ran from 25 August until 5 September . It was the 70th staging of the U.S. National Championships , and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of the year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7eb2f5b9d14a84827312546480a53d12", "text": "Althea Gibson Althea Gibson ( August 25 , 1927 -- September 28 , 2003 ) was an American tennis player and professional golfer , and the first black athlete to cross the color line of international tennis . In 1956 , she became the first person of color to win a Grand Slam title ( the French Open ) . The following year she won both Wimbledon and the U.S. Nationals ( precursor of the U.S. Open ) , then won both again in 1958 , and was voted Female Athlete of the Year by the Associated Press in both years . In all , she won 11 Grand Slam tournaments , including six doubles titles , and was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame and the International Women 's Sports Hall of Fame . `` She is one of the greatest players who ever lived , '' said Robert Ryland , a tennis contemporary and former coach of Venus and Serena Williams . `` Martina could n't touch her . I think she 'd beat the Williams sisters . '' In the early 1960s she also became the first black player to compete on the women 's professional golf tour . At a time when racism and prejudice were widespread in sports and in society , Gibson was often compared to Jackie Robinson . `` Her road to success was a challenging one , '' said Billie Jean King , `` but I never saw her back down . '' `` To anyone , she was an inspiration , because of what she was able to do at a time when it was enormously difficult to play tennis at all if you were black , '' said former New York City Mayor David Dinkins . `` I am honored to have followed in such great footsteps , '' wrote Venus Williams . `` Her accomplishments set the stage for my success , and through players like myself and Serena and many others to come , her legacy will live on . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "80320f30067921aa235bab1985721340", "text": "List of Davis Cup champions The Davis Cup is an annual international team event in men 's tennis . Established in 1900 as the International Lawn Tennis Challenge , it is run by the International Tennis Federation ( ITF ) , who describe it as the `` World Cup of tennis . '' The first event in 1900 was a match between Great Britain and the United States , while 135 nations have entered the 2016 Davis Cup . The tournament sees players competing for their country in four singles and one doubles matches , known as rubbers , over the course of three days , with the team that wins three rubbers progressing . The countries are divided into groups based upon their location or performance in previous years . The Davis Cup World Group is the top level of the competition and features matches between players from the top 16 countries at the start of the year . Countries that lose their first round match face a relegation play-off against winning countries from the continental zones . World Group winning countries progress to the quarter-finals . Nations have to win a further three ties in order to claim the position of Davis Cup Champions . The United States are the most successful nation in the history of the competition , with 32 victories . Australia are second with 28 and Great Britain are third with 10 . Teams from Europe have won the competition the most with 42 victories , followed by North America with 32 and Oceania with 28 . Argentina are the current champions , they beat Croatia 3 -- 2 in the final in 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "254233bf8c318fab8dfd0ffe479b27be", "text": "1950 Davis Cup The 1950 Davis Cup was the 39th edition of the most important tournament between national teams in men 's tennis . 26 teams would enter the competition , 22 in the Europe Zone , and 4 in the Americas Zone . Play took place on Asian soil for the first time , when the Pakistani team travelled to Manila for their first-round Europe Zone tie with the Philippines . Australia defeated Mexico in the Americas Zone final , and Sweden defeated Denmark in the Europe Zone final . Australia defeated Sweden in the Inter-Zonal play-off , and then defeated defending champions the United States in the Challenge Round . The final was played at the West Side Tennis Club in Forest Hills , NY , United States on 25 -- 27 August .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9daff028a88333d886732c96cfaac045", "text": "2018 Fed Cup The 2018 Fed Cup is the 56th edition of the most important tournament between national teams in women 's tennis . Although it is subject to final confirmation , the 2018 Fed Cup will see some structural changes . In 2018 , the tournament will introduce a 16-team World Group as well as introduction of a Final Four event .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4dfa02cf008c1c99739d61e140b66577", "text": "2009 Billie Jean King Cup March 2 , 2009 , marked the inaugural year of the Billie Jean King Cup and the first time women 's tennis had been played at Madison Square Garden since 2000 , when the year-ending Chase Championships were held there . Broadcast internationally on HBO , the event featured 2008 US Open Champion Serena Williams , 2008 Wimbledon Champion Venus Williams , 2008 French Open Champion Ana Ivanovic and 2008 year end world No. 1 ranked player Jelena Janković , who filled in as a wild card for the injured 2008 Australian Open Champion Maria Sharapova . Serena Williams won her semifinal match against Ana Ivanovic 6 -- 3 , and Venus Williams won hers 6 -- 4 against Jelena Janković . The final was won by Serena 6 -- 4 , 6 -- 3 . Between the semifinals and final a tribute was paid to tennis legend and pioneer Billie Jean King . The tribute featured a speech by former president Bill Clinton , and appearances by figure skaters Sarah Hughes and Nancy Kerrigan , race car driver Janet Guthrie , Billie Jean King 's long time double 's partner Rosie Casals and other prominent women in sports . A portion of the proceeds from the 2009 event benefited the Dream Vaccines Foundation and the Women 's Sports Foundation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c39bdf98c252349b9d807031a8ee1c5e", "text": "1978 Nations Cup (tennis) The 1978 Nations Cup , also known by its sponsored name Ambre Solaire Nations Cup , was a men 's team tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts . It was the second edition of the Nations Cup and the event was part of the 1978 Grand Prix circuit . It took place at the Rochusclub in Düsseldorf in West Germany from 8 May through 15 May 1978 . Total prize money was # 100,000 and in total 36,000 people attended the event . The United States were the defending champions . Spain defeated Australia in the final , watched by a crowd of nearly 7,000 , to win the title for the first time and earn the $ 60,000 first-prize money . The draw consisted of eight teams divided over two round-robin groups . The two best ranked teams from each group proceeded to the semifinals . Each match consisted of two singles and a doubles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6c917453c093feb9b417bad55adf3d0a", "text": "Fed Cup Fed Cup is the premier international team competition in women 's tennis , launched in 1963 to celebrate the 50th Anniversary of the International Tennis Federation ( ITF ) . The competition was known as the Federation Cup until 1995 . The Fed Cup is the world 's largest annual women 's international team sports competition , in terms of the number of nations that compete . The men 's equivalent of the Fed Cup is the Davis Cup . Australia , Czech Republic and the United States are the only countries that have held both the Fed Cup and Davis Cup at the same time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6708ad38b8d4893eae8df5d0e0e20246", "text": "Stephanie DeFina Stephanie DeFina Johnson ( born March 8 , 1946 ) is an American former amateur tennis player who was active in the 1960s and early 1970s . DeFina was included in the year-end top ten rankings issued by the United States Lawn Tennis Association from 1966 through 1968 , reaching a career high ranking of seventh in 1967 . Her best singles result at a Grand Slam tournament was reaching the fourth round of the 1967 Wimbledon Championships in which she lost to Ann Jones . In 1966 , she reached the final of the U.S. Women 's Clay Court Championships before falling to Nancy Richey . In 1969 , she was a doubles runner-up at the New England Women 's Invitational Indoor Tennis Championships ( teaming with Kathy Pigeon ) and was the singles runner-up at the U.S. Indoor Championships . At the tournament in Cincinnati , DeFina won two singles titles : in 1963 ( defeating Jane `` Peaches '' Bartkowicz in the final ) and 1965 ( defeating Roberta Alison in the final ) . She also paired with Alison to win the Cincinnati doubles title in 1965 . In 1968 DeFina was a member of the U.S. team that competed for the Wightman Cup , the annual women 's team tennis competition between the United States and Great Britain . She played the doubles match partnering Kathy Harter but lost to the sister team of Christine Truman Janes and Nell Truman . DeFina was a member of the 1974 World Team Tennis champion Denver Racquets .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "33d6f5a13ce69ba8d875a69e3ed92f51", "text": "2009 Fed Cup The 2009 Fed Cup was the 46th edition of the most important competition between national teams in women 's tennis . The final took place at the Circolo del Tennis in Reggio Calabria , Italy , on 7 -- 8 November . The home team , Italy , defeated the United States , 4 -- 0 , giving Italy their second title .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "933058697b5999db9f4c3fea7834a2ab", "text": "Association of Tennis Professionals The Association of Tennis Professionals ( ATP ) was formed in September 1972 by Donald Dell , Bob Briner , Jack Kramer , and Cliff Drysdale to protect the interests of male professional tennis players . Drysdale became the first President . Since 1990 , the association has organized the worldwide tennis tour for men and linked the title of the tour with the organization 's name . In 1990 the organization was called the ATP Tour , which was renamed in 2001 as just ATP and the tour being called ATP Tour . In 2009 the name was changed again and is now known as the ATP World Tour . It is an evolution of the tour competitions previously known as Grand Prix tennis tournaments and World Championship Tennis ( WCT ) . The ATP 's global headquarters are in London , United Kingdom . ATP Americas is based in Ponte Vedra Beach , United States ; ATP Europe is headquartered in Monaco ; and ATP International , which covers Africa , Asia and Australasia , is based in Sydney , Australia . The counterpart organization in the women 's professional game is the Women 's Tennis Association ( WTA ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "09e57a5a05e611b6612a285c5d456389", "text": "Great Britain Davis Cup team The Great Britain Davis Cup team is the men 's national tennis team and has represented the United Kingdom internationally since 1900 . Organised by the Lawn Tennis Association ( LTA ) , it is one of the 50 members of International Tennis Federation 's European association ( Tennis Europe ) . The United Kingdom team 's performance has been inconsistent ; it enjoyed its most successful periods in the 1910s and the 1930s , and has seen a resurgence in recent years . The team has won the world cup 10 times and been runner-ups on 8 occasions . It has longstanding rivalries with Australia and the United States . The national team took part in the inaugural Davis Cup in 1900 , and has spent 16 years in the World Group . They are the third most successful team in terms of championships won . Under the current management of Leon Smith , the national team qualified to the World Group in 2013 , won the title in 2015 , reached the semifinals of the in 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "afb8222280ba35a0ed62538cd9f3523d", "text": "Newport Beach Tennis Club The Newport Beach Tennis Club is a tennis club located in Newport Beach , California with an entrance at 2601 Eastbluff Drive . The club opened in 1966 . It has 19 tennis courts with lighting , a junior Olympic swimming pool and a fitness center . There is also a pro shop , a restaurant , a bar , a hair salon and available catering service . The club is situated on 7.5 acres of land . The United States played South Africa at the club in the 1977 Davis Cup Americas Zone Semifinals . On January 27 , 2016 , the Orange County Breakers of World TeamTennis announced that they would play their home matches at Breakers Stadium at the Newport Beach Tennis Club . `` Bringing the Breakers and Mylan World TeamTennis to the Newport Beach Tennis Club is something that we have been looking into the past few years , '' said club owner Steve Joyce . `` Breakers matches will bring Newport Beach and Orange County residents access to some of the best tennis players on the tours . Our club is excited to be a part of that and play a role in bringing the Breakers and professional tennis back to Newport Beach . '' Breakers coach Rick Leach gives lessons at the club .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9bd07129cc11438544f22ee058530334", "text": "2017 WTA Tour The 2017 WTA Tour is the elite professional tennis circuit organised by the Women 's Tennis Association ( WTA ) for the 2017 tennis season . The 2017 WTA Tour calendar comprises the Grand Slam tournaments ( supervised by the International Tennis Federation ( ITF ) , the WTA Premier tournaments ( Premier Mandatory , Premier 5 , and regular Premier ) , the WTA International tournaments , the Fed Cup ( organized by the ITF ) , the year-end championships ( the WTA Tour Championships and the WTA Elite Trophy ) . Also included in the 2017 calendar is the Hopman Cup , which is organized by the ITF and does not distribute ranking points .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d89ff7ca3913f984b47586ac09bf80cc", "text": "1973 Grand Prix (tennis) The 1973 Commercial Union Assurance Grand Prix was a professional tennis circuit administered by the International Lawn Tennis Federation ( ILTF ) which served as a forerunner to the current Association of Tennis Professionals ( ATP ) World Tour and the Women 's Tennis Association ( WTA ) Tour . The circuit consisted of the four Grand Slam tournaments and open tournaments recognised by the ILTF . The Commercial Union Assurance Masters , Davis Cup Final and Federation Cup are included in this calendar but did not count towards the Grand Prix .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bce5cd653cb7a2327a344a0c4d8305e9", "text": "1981 Davis Cup The 1981 Davis Cup ( also known as the 1981 Davis Cup by NEC for sponsorship purposes ) was the 70th edition of the tournament between national teams in men 's tennis . This was the first year that the tournament moved to a tiered system , with the creation of the 16-team World Group . Teams that reached the Zonal semifinals in the previous year 's tournament were chosen for the inaugural World Group . Teams who lost in the first round played each other in the Relegation Play-off , with the four losers relegated to their Zonal competition . Winners of the Zonal competitions earned promotion into the next year 's World Group . 53 teams would enter the competition , 16 in the World Group , 23 in the Europe Zone , 8 in the Americas Zone , and 6 in the Eastern Zone . The United States defeated Argentina in the final , which was held at Riverfront Coliseum in Cincinnati , OH , United States , on 11-13 December .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2e32110755ae88c202070f01beb2889f", "text": "2017 Fed Cup The 2017 Fed Cup is the 55th edition of the most important tournament between national teams in women 's tennis .", "title": "" } ]	fever
2bd0f9f4d425495be5c34935ef5dd4a5	Throughout Europe, Yelp expanded.	[ { "docid": "e42f45b87b4bbc4494324d3120dacf8f", "text": "Yelp Yelp is an American multinational corporation headquartered in San Francisco , California . It develops , hosts and markets Yelp.com and the Yelp mobile app , which publish crowd-sourced reviews about local businesses , as well as the online reservation service Yelp Reservations and online food-delivery service Eat24 . The company also trains small businesses in how to respond to reviews , hosts social events for reviewers , and provides data about businesses , including health inspection scores . Yelp was founded in 2004 by former PayPal employees Russel Simmons and Jeremy Stoppelman . Yelp grew quickly and raised several rounds of funding . By 2010 it had $ 30 million in revenues and the website had published more than 4.5 million crowd-sourced reviews . From 2009 to 2012 , Yelp expanded throughout Europe and Asia . In 2009 it entered several negotiations with Google for a potential acquisition . Yelp became a public company in March 2012 and became profitable for the first time two years later . As of 2016 , Yelp.com has 135 million monthly visitors and 95 million reviews . The company 's revenues come from businesses advertising . According to BusinessWeek , Yelp has a complicated relationship with small businesses . Criticism of Yelp focuses on the legitimacy of reviews , public statements of Yelp manipulating and blocking reviews in order to increase ad spending , as well as concerns regarding the privacy of reviewers .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "311a76afc1edd4f923db10eb41addae6", "text": "False friend False friends are words in two languages ( or letters in two alphabets ) that look or sound similar , but differ significantly in meaning . An example is the English embarrassed and the Spanish embarazada ( which means pregnant ) , or the word sensible , which means reasonable in English , but sensitive in French and Spanish . Another example is the root L-H-M in Semitic languages ; while `` Lekhem '' in Hebrew and `` Laham '' in Syriac mean `` bread '' , `` Lahem '' in Arabic is `` meat '' . The term is a shortened version of the expression `` false friend of a translator '' , the French version of which ( faux amis du traducteur ) was introduced by linguists Maxime Kœssler and Jules Derocquigny in 1928 , in the book Les Faux Amis ou les trahisons du vocabulaire anglais ( False Friends , or the Pitfalls of the English Vocabulary , with a sequel , Autres Mots anglais perfides ) . There is often a partial overlap in meanings , which creates additional complications . Similar words may also fail to catch all the nuance of each word in both languages . For instance , the French demande simply means a ` request ' , which is similar to but also very different from a demand in English and demandar in Spanish ( `` to sue '' ) . The two `` false friends '' may actually be related , having the same origin . One example is in the instance of English `` cunt '' and Dutch `` kont '' ( buttocks ) , of which apart from the difference in meaning the former is highly vulgar while the latter is not . This is unlike `` false cognates '' , which are similar words in different languages that appear to have a common historical linguistic origin ( whatever their current meaning ) but actually do not . As well as producing completely false friends , the use of loanwords often results in the use of a word in a restricted context , which may then develop new meanings not found in the original language . For example , angst means `` fear '' in a general sense ( as well as `` anxiety '' ) in German , but when it was borrowed into English in the context of psychology , its meaning was restricted to a particular type of fear described as `` a neurotic feeling of anxiety and depression '' . Also , gymnasium meant both ' a place of education ' and ' a place for exercise ' in Latin , but its meaning was restricted to the former in German and to the latter in English , making the expressions into false friends in those languages as well as in Greek , where it started out as ' a place for naked exercise ' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f35d67f35cf0b82a6e85e7e6e1e0a876", "text": "Bread in culture Bread has a significance beyond mere nutrition in many cultures in the West and Near and Middle East because of its history and contemporary importance . Bread is also significant in Christianity as one of the elements ( alongside wine ) of the Eucharist ; see sacramental bread . The word companion comes from Latin com - `` with '' + panis `` bread '' . The political significance of bread is considerable . In 19th century Britain , the inflated price of bread due to the Corn Laws caused major political and social divisions , and was central to debates over free trade versus protectionism . The Assize of Bread and Ale in the 13th century demonstrated the importance of bread in medieval times by setting heavy punishments for short-changing bakers , and bread appeared in the Magna Carta a half-century earlier . Like other foods , choosing the `` right '' kind of bread is used as a social signal , to let others know , for example , that the person buying expensive bread is financially secure , or the person buying whatever type of bread that the current fashions deem most healthful is a health-conscious consumer . As a simple , cheap , and adaptable type of food , bread is often used as a synecdoche for food in general in some languages and dialects , such as Greek and Punjabi . There are many variations on the basic recipe of bread worldwide , such as bagels , baguettes , biscuits , bocadillo , brioche , chapatis , Challah , lavash , naan , pitas , pizza , pretzels , puris , tortillas , and many others . There are various types of traditional `` cheese breads '' in many countries , including Brazil , Colombia , Italy , and Russia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fa96ab8076376644e06307f8c371184f", "text": "History of the Hungarian language Hungarian is a Uralic language of the Ugric group . It has been spoken in the region of modern-day Hungary since the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin in the late 9th century . The predecessor language of Hungarian separated from the Ob-Ugric languages , probably still during the Bronze Age . There is no attestation for a period of close to two millennia . Old Hungarian is attested fragmentarily in epigraphy in the Old Hungarian script beginning in the 10th century , and isolated Hungarian words are attested in manuscript tradition from the turn of the 11th century . The oldest surviving coherent text in Old Hungarian is the Funeral Sermon and Prayer , dated to 1192 . The Old Hungarian period is by convention taken to cover Medieval Hungary , from the invasion of Pannonia in AD 896 , to the collapse of the Kingdom of Hungary following the Battle of Mohács of 1526 . A Middle Hungarian phase is by convention taken to last from 1526 to 1772 , i.e. from the first books printed in Hungarian to the Age of Enlightenment , which prompted language reforms that resulted in the modern literary Hungarian language . Historic proceedings The happenings of the 1530s and 1540s brought a new situation to the country : the time of Humanism -- which only a few decades earlier , under Matthias of Hungary flourished -- was over ; the population , both in villages and towns , was terrorized by Ottoman raids ; the majority of the country was lost ; and the remainder began to feel the problems of the new Habsburg rule . This predicament caused backwardness in the cultural life as well . However , Hungary , with the previously listed great territorial and human losses , soon entered into a new cultural era , the Protestant Reformation . This religious movement heartened many authors to find new ways . Cultural life was primarily based in Trasylvania , but Royal Hungary also saw the rebirth of the Hungarian culture . The first printed Hungarian book was printed in Cracow , Poland , in 1533 . It is a partial Bible-translation , containing the letters of Saint Paul . The translation was done by Benedek Komjáti . The New Testament 's first printed edition was published by János Sylvester ( 1541 ) . He also composed the first scientific analysis of the Hungarian language , in 1539 -- his work 's title is `` Grammatica Hungarolatina '' . Like Komjáti , Sylvester printed his works in Cracow . The previous publications , however , were not Protestant in their sense ; the first directly reformed Hungarian book was Imre Ozorai 's `` Argument '' , published in Cracow first in 1535 and second in 1546 . Among other works , Aesop 's Fables -- a collection of moral short stories -- were first translated into Hungarian by Gábor Pesti -LSB- 1 -RSB- ( 1536 ) . These are the first denoted Hungarian short stories . The first attempt to standardize Hungarian was done by Mátyás Bíró Dévai . He proposed a logical and feasible orthography to the language . His book , called `` Orthographia '' , is known from its second edition , printed in 1549 . Bálint Balassa", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ed681b06b773d20a7146e8e5e6efe784", "text": "Existing visitor optimisation Existing visitor optimisation ( EVO ) is a discipline of optimising websites to maximise return from existing visitors rather than through search engine optimisation ( SEO ) . While SEO is useful to gain more visitors , EVO looks at types of neuromarketing and psychology to optimise the language and layout elements of websites to maximise the benefits of the increased visitors . Strategies that may be employed include asking `` how many would you like '' rather than offering an `` add to cart '' button on e-commerce sites . EVO is a concept that works closely with existing marketing concepts such as the utilisation of social media . Initially investigated by a PhD student from Exeter University and The University College Plymouth St Mark & St John to provide a solid foundation to making the most of existing websites and building on the work of Jakob Nielsen , EVO was first presented at York St. John University as part of a post-graduate conference in 2008 . In 2010 , during the Second International NLP Research Conference ( hosted by Cardiff University and co-organised by Paul Tosey of The University of Surrey in association with The association of NLP , ANLP ) , EVO was expanded to include email optimisation using the same psychological models .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "604b16d01d04f46c0d4cf6e28a2a5b34", "text": "European social model The European social model is a common vision many European states have for a society that combines economic growth with high living standards and good working conditions . Historian Tony Judt has argued that the European social model `` binds Europe together '' in contrast to the ` American way of life ' . European states do not all use a single social model , but welfare states in Europe do share several broad characteristics . These generally include a commitment to full employment , social protections for all citizens , social inclusion , and democracy . Examples common among European countries include universal health care , free higher education , strong labor protections and regulations , and generous welfare programs in areas such as unemployment insurance , retirement pensions , and public housing . The Treaty of the European Community set out several social objectives : promotion of employment , improved living and working conditions ... proper social protection , dialogue between management and labour , the development of human resources with a view to lasting high employment and the combating of exclusion . Because different European states focus on different aspects of the model , it has been argued that there are four distinct social models in Europe -- the Nordic , British , Mediterranean and the Continental . The general outlines of a European social model emerged during the post-war boom . Tony Judt lists a number of causes : the abandonment of protectionism , the baby boom , cheap energy , and a desire to catch up with living standards enjoyed in the United States . The European social model also enjoyed a low degree of external competition as the Soviet bloc , China and India were not yet integrated into the global economy . In recent years , it has become common to question whether the European social model is sustainable in the face of low birthrates , globalisation , Europeanisation and an ageing population .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b547fafe97419631cfd67f39e9102df9", "text": "Euro English Euro English is a set of varieties of English used in Continental Europe and especially in the institutions of the European Union or among young mobile Europeans ( such as in the Erasmus programme ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8969bbb07a0ae1e136d46c78161964a3", "text": "Eurasian Home `` Eurasian Home '' analytical and information resource is an open forum for dialogue and reflection , bringing together experts , politicians and journalists from the New Independent States , Russia , European Union , Asia and America . The website is first of all a platform where representatives of different countries can freely discuss issues concerning global and regional integration in Eurasia . Among priority topics of the website are political and economic processes in Eurasia and America ; integration concepts and strategies in the world ; integration between the countries of the former Soviet Union ; the search for models of effective economic integration ; economic and political interaction between the countries of the CIS as well as with the rest of the world ( EU , United States etc. ) . The Eurasian Home website was launched in 2004 by the Russian non-profit Eurasia Heritage Foundation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9ebd3589639904873a802ebc2b1f7714", "text": "Aesopian language Aesopian language is communications that convey an innocent meaning to outsiders but hold a concealed meaning to informed members of a conspiracy or underground movement . For instance , if Person X is known for exposing secrets in an organization , the organization leaders announce that `` any members who have dirty talking habits will be dealt with '' to warn Person X . It refers to the ancient Greek fabulist Aesop . The term `` Aesopian language '' was first used by the nineteenth-century Russian writer Mikhail Saltykov-Schedrin to describe the writing technique he began using late in his career , which he compared to Aesop 's Fables . His purpose was to satirize the social ills of the time but evade the harsh censorship of late Tsarist Russia of which he was a particular target . The Soviet-era writer Lev Loseff noted that the use of Aesopian language remained a favorite technique of writers ( including himself ) under Soviet censorship . Maliheh Tyrell defines the term in the Soviet context and observes that the use of Aesopian language extended to other national literatures under Soviet rule : `` In short , this form of literature , like Aesop 's animal fables , veils itself in allegorical suggestions , hints , and euphemisms so as to elude political censorship . ` Aesopian language ' or literature is a technical term used by Sovietologists to define allegorical language used by Russian or nationality -LSB- that is : non-Russian -RSB- nonconformist publicists to conceal antiregime sentiments . Under Soviet rule , this ` Aesopian ' literature intended to confuse the Soviet authorities , yet illuminate the truth for native readers . '' According to one critic , `` Censorship ... had a positive , formative impact upon the Aesopian writers ' style by obliging them to sharpen their thoughts . '' The German-American philosopher Herbert Marcuse uses the term in his book One-Dimensional Man somewhat interchangeably with Orwellian language . In that context , `` Aesopian Language '' refers to the idea that certain usages of language work to ` suppress certain concepts or keep them out of the general discourse within society ' . An example of such a technique is the use of abbreviations to possibly prevent undesirable questions from arising : `` AFL-CIO entombs the radical political differences which once separated the two organizations . '' Within the context of politics , a term with a very similar meaning is called dog-whistle politics , which describes the use of coded language to address voters ' interests . Certain sections of the electorate will react strongly to controversial content if spoken of overtly but may not be so attuned that they notice statements that appear neutral to outsiders .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3c5c9f90142120f545b8e6f0e9391da6", "text": "Word-of-mouth marketing Word-of-mouth marketing ( WOMM , WOM marketing ) , also called word of mouth advertising , differs from naturally occurring word of mouth , in that it is actively influenced or encouraged by organizations ( e.g. ` seeding ' a message in a network , rewarding regular consumers to engage in WOM , employing WOM ` agents ' ) . While it is difficult to truly control WOM , research has shown that there are three generic avenues to ` manage ' WOM for the purpose of WOMM : 1 . ) Build a strong WOM foundation ( e.g. sufficient levels of satisfaction , trust and commitment ) , 2 . ) Indirect WOMM management which implies that managers only have a moderate amount of control ( e.g. controversial advertising , teaser campaigns , customer membership clubs ) , 3 . ) Direct WOMM management , which has higher levels of control ( e.g. paid WOM ` agents ' , `` friend get friend '' schemes ) . Proconsumer WOM has been suggested as a counterweight to commercially motivated word of mouth .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e022bc271f1089d1e5d39874fc22bb46", "text": "Listings magazine A listings magazine is a magazine which is largely dedicated to information about the upcoming week 's events such as broadcast programming , music , clubs , theatre and film information . The BBC 's Radio Times was the world 's first listings magazine when it was founded in 1923 to compete with daily newspapers , which had hitherto fulfilled the role . . With the expansion of broadcast media many others have followed , expanding the format to include columns about media production and personalities , such as TV Hebdo ( Québec ) in Canada , TV Guide in the US and hundreds of others worldwide . Broadcast guides are normally published either with a Saturday or Sunday newspaper or are published weekly or fortnightly . It has become a highly competitive area of publishing . Other listings magazines have started from a primary base in cultural events , such as Time Out magazine in the UK . Most major cities worldwide have one or many more such publications . During the politically charged 1970s and 1980s , many of these magazines , in the UK at least , played a progressive role as part of the alternative press and had a reputation for leftward leaning investigative and campaigning journalism . They were some of the first consumer magazines to carry lists of `` agitprop '' events . City Limits was probably the most outspoken of all UK-based listings magazines but almost all followed Time Out 's lead of including space for lesbian and gay events and clubs . In certain areas of the UK which were previously dominated by the old guard of regional newspapers , which were traditionally more conservative in outlook , this was the first time that gay issues were put on a par with others - this was particularly true of Bristol 's Venue ( magazine ) , Southampton 's Due South Magazine , and to a lesser extent Manchester 's City Life where the local press ( Manchester Evening News ) had been at times at least , a little more tolerant .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d696899b4f07ed5bfb1fc38ee87460b5", "text": "EADP The European Association of Directory and Database Publishers , known as EADP , was founded in 1966 . EADP is the key representative for the European directory and database publishing sector . As such , EADP has 180 members from 36 countries and represents the interests of some 340 directory publishers . The associations members and affiliate members include publishers and stakeholders from the industry such as suppliers and vendors . EADP 's activities include : Maintaining an up-to-date member directory Facilitating an annual congress and a separate annual conference Monitoring EU legal activities of relevance to the industry Compiling an annual statistical report and benchmarking studies The North American counterpart to the EADP is the Yellow Pages Association ( YPA ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9e453b28f965df7c2c54851679d680cd", "text": "Gallo-Roman culture This article covers the culture of Romanized areas of Gaul . For the political history of the brief `` Gallic Empire '' of the third century , see Gallic Empire . The term Gallo-Roman describes the Romanized culture of Gaul under the rule of the Roman Empire . This was characterized by the Gaulish adoption or adaptation of Roman morals and way of life in a uniquely Gaulish context . The well-studied meld of cultures in Gaul gives historians a model against which to compare and contrast parallel developments of Romanization in other , less-studied Roman provinces . Interpretatio romana offered Roman names for Gaulish deities such as the smith-god Gobannus , but of Celtic deities only the horse-patroness Epona penetrated Romanized cultures beyond the confines of Gaul . The barbarian invasions beginning in the early fifth century forced upon Gallo-Roman culture fundamental changes in politics , in the economic underpinning , in military organization . The Gothic settlement of 418 offered a double loyalty , as Western Roman authority disintegrated at Rome . The plight of the highly Romanized governing class is examined by R.W. Mathisen , the struggles of bishop Hilary of Arles by M. Heinzelmann . Into the seventh century , Gallo-Roman culture would persist particularly in the areas of Gallia Narbonensis that developed into Occitania , Cisalpine Gaul and to a lesser degree , Gallia Aquitania . The formerly Romanized north of Gaul , once it had been occupied by the Franks , would develop into Merovingian culture instead . Roman life , centered on the public events and cultural responsibilities of urban life in the res publica and the sometimes luxurious life of the self-sufficient rural villa system , took longer to collapse in the Gallo-Roman regions , where the Visigoths largely inherited the status quo in 418 . Gallo-Roman language persisted in the northeast into the Silva Carbonaria that formed an effective cultural barrier with the Franks to the north and east , and in the northwest to the lower valley of the Loire , where Gallo-Roman culture interfaced with Frankish culture in a city like Tours and in the person of that Gallo-Roman bishop confronted with Merovingian royals , Gregory of Tours . Based on mutual intelligibility , David Dalby counts seven languages descended from Gallo-Romance : Gallo-Wallon , French , Franco-Provençal ( Arpitan ) , Romansh , Ladin , Friulian , and Lombard . However , other definitions are far broader , variously encompassing the Rhaeto-Romance languages , Occitano-Romance languages , and Gallo-Italic languages .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "852e71c1e77faccb6c28e74dd5afd989", "text": "Seslisözlük Sesli Sozluk is a multilingual online dictionary , primarily English to Turkish and Turkish to English . As of February 2009 , it has a rank of 6 among all online dictionaries worldwide . German , Italian , French , Spanish , Greek , Russian , Danish , Dutch , Polish and Portuguese translations are also provided . The online dictionary also can be used in PDAs , SmartPhones , any phone supporting a web browser . Seslisozluk.com , established in 1999 as one of the first English-Turkish online dictionaries , is a user-supported online dictionary . The name comes from Turkish sesli sözlük , `` dictionary with sound '' , because the site enables users to listen to the pronunciation of the words . A contribution system lets users add new translations . With the user contribution feature , the dictionary has been steadily growing since it was started , and has now reached more than 2 million entries . Its users appreciate the easy user interface , fast response and multilanguage capability . The website also has a user forum . Seslisozluk.com has released its new version , version 5 in December 2008 . With this version of the dictionary , word rating feature lets users vote for the best word for given search . For example , a 5 star word is listed in the first place . With new search bar features , users can see search related images , can listen pronunciations automatically , can see results in compact view and can use a multi language virtual keyboard . In 2007 , Seslisozluk.com has been awarded with the top service award in information category by Informatics Associations of Turkey in Best Web Awards contest . In 2008 , Seslisozluk.com reached the finals at Altin Orumcek Best Web Awards Contest . In January 2010 , Seslisozluk announced its free iPhone application .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eadb908270dfe666b54a7d7ac41c9435", "text": "Loesje Loesje -LSB- ` luʃə -RSB- is an international free speech organisation started in Arnhem ( Netherlands ) in 1983 and went international in 1989 . Its charter is to spread creativity , positive criticism , ideas , philosophical ponderings and thoughts on current events by way of short slogans on posters . The posters are signed by Loesje , which is a Dutch female name , representing `` a world wide collective of people who want to make the world a more positive creative place '' . Loesje is currently to some extent active in over 30 countries , including Argentina , Armenia , Bosnia , Belgium , Spain , Denmark , Estonia , Finland , France , Germany , Hungary , Iceland , Italy , Latvia , Lithuania , Macedonia , Mexico , the Netherlands , Nigeria , Poland , Portugal , Romania , Russia , Serbia , Slovenia , Sweden , Switzerland , the United States of America , and Palestine . In one country it is possible to have several more or less active writing groups . It is not clear how many active writers there are and also the number of people who decide to spread the posters that can be downloaded from the poster archive . The organisation can not hold track of who spreads posters and where , partly because it is impossible to see how often a poster is downloaded ( or printed at home ) from the website , and partly because Loesje is not responsible for any misdeeds of individuals who paste posters on places where it is illegal . Between 2005 and 2013 , Loesje 's international headquarters were located in Berlin , but since then Loesje International has moved back to Arnhem . From there Loesje implements and coordinates many diverse international projects around the world . Loesje gives creative writing workshops , for team building for example and joins conferences about issues that connect to her values , such as this environmental conference called Caretakers of the environment international in 2012 in Maastricht in the Netherlands . Loesje is especially active on World press freedom day .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f2599caafee36c12159a1e7123fb5458", "text": "International expansion of Netflix", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c0428ce039db859733a2121c0cc7bad1", "text": "Pax Britannica Pax Britannica ( Latin for `` British Peace '' , modelled after Pax Romana ) was the period of relative peace in Europe ( 1815 -- 1914 ) during which the British Empire became the global hegemonic power and adopted the role of a global police force . Between 1815 and 1914 , a period referred to as Britain 's `` imperial century , '' around 10,000,000 sqmi of territory and roughly 400 million people were added to the British Empire . Victory over Napoleonic France left the British without any serious international rival , other than perhaps Russia in central Asia . When Russia tried expanding its influence in the Balkans , the British and French defeated it in the Crimean War ( 1854 -- 56 ) , thereby protecting the by-then feeble Ottoman Empire . Britain 's Royal Navy controlled most of the key maritime trade routes and enjoyed unchallenged sea power . Alongside the formal control it exerted over its own colonies , Britain 's dominant position in world trade meant that it effectively controlled access to many regions , such as Asia and Latin America . British merchants , shippers and bankers had such an overwhelming advantage over everyone else that in addition to its colonies it had an `` informal empire '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c20b4a93f305515855c7e9ca58284116", "text": "NewsWhip NewsWhip is a technology company which tracks and predicts the spread of stories on social networks . As of July 2014 , the company 's technology tracked the spread of stories on Facebook , Twitter , LinkedIn and Pinterest , including content published in 12 languages : English , French , German , Portuguese , Spanish , Flemish , Estonian , Finnish , Swedish , and Italian . The company provides content discovery and monitoring services to news companies , blogs , PR firms , marketers and other media producers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e0f69c1433119e491f21a0a24c88ad83", "text": "Word list of the Dutch language The Word list of the Dutch language ( Woordenlijst Nederlandse Taal , -LSB- ˈʋoːrdənˌlɛist ˈneːdərˌlɑntsə ˈtaːl -RSB- ) is a list of words in the correct official spelling of the Dutch language ( Dutch orthography ) . It is officially established by the Dutch Language Union ( Nederlandse Taalunie ) , and is published in dictionary style . Because of the colour of its published form , it is better known as the Green Booklet ( het Groene Boekje ) . It differs from a dictionary in that it does not give the meanings of the words .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5407c9db367e6c19b64a91ad8c74e4e1", "text": "Cross-language information retrieval Cross-language information retrieval ( CLIR ) is a subfield of information retrieval dealing with retrieving information written in a language different from the language of the user 's query . For example , a user may pose their query in English but retrieve relevant documents written in French . To do so , most CLIR systems use translation techniques . CLIR techniques can be classified into different categories based on different translation resources : Dictionary-based CLIR techniques Parallel corpora based CLIR techniques Comparable corpora based CLIR techniques Machine translator based CLIR techniques CLIR systems have improved so much that the most accurate CLIR systems today are nearly as effective as monolingual systems . The first workshop on CLIR was held in Zürich during the SIGIR-96 conference . Workshops have been held yearly since 2000 at the meetings of the Cross Language Evaluation Forum ( CLEF ) . Researchers also convene at the annual Text Retrieval Conference ( TREC ) to discuss their findings regarding different systems and methods of information retrieval , and the conference has served as a point of reference for the CLIR subfield . The term `` cross-language information retrieval '' has many synonyms , of which the following are perhaps the most frequent : cross-lingual information retrieval , translingual information retrieval , multilingual information retrieval . The term `` multilingual information retrieval '' refers to CLIR in general , but it also has a specific meaning of cross-language information retrieval where a document collection is multilingual . Google Search had a cross-language search feature that was removed in 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "54611054fc9cfee98e5a20b8306981fa", "text": "Eurotra Eurotra was an ambitious machine translation project established and funded by the European Commission from 1978 until 1992 . Emboldened by modest success with an older , commercially developed machine translation system SYSTRAN , a large network of European computational linguists embarked upon the Eurotra project with the hope of creating a state-of-the-art MT system for the then seven , later nine , official languages of the European Community . However , as time passed , expectations became tempered ; `` Fully Automatic High Quality Translation '' was not a reasonably attainable goal . The true character of Eurotra was eventually acknowledged to be in fact pre-competitive research rather than prototype development . The project was motivated by one of the founding principles of the EU : that all citizens had the right to read any and all proceedings of the Commission in their own language . As more countries joined , this produced a combinatorial explosion in the number of language pairs involved , and the need to translate every paper , speech and even set of meeting minutes produced by the EU into the other eight languages meant that translation rapidly became the overwhelming component in the administrative budget . To solve this problem Eurotra was devised . The project was unusual in that rather than consisting of a single research team , it had member groups distributed around the member countries , organised along language rather than national lines ( for example , groups in Leuven and Utrecht worked closely together ) , and the secretariat was based at the European Commission in Luxembourg . While this contributed significantly to the culture of the project , it also demonstrated graphically Brooks ' assertion in The Mythical Man-Month that adding personnel to a project results in it taking longer to complete ; the more the number of groups involved , the more time is spent on administration and communication rather than actual research per se . The actual design of the project was unusual as MT projects go . Older systems , such as SYSTRAN , were heavily dictionary-based , with minor support for rearranging word order . More recent systems have often worked on a probabilistic approach , based on parallel corpora . Eurotra addressed the constituent structure of the text to be translated , going through first a syntactic parse followed by a second parse to produce a dependency structure followed by a final parse with a third grammar to produce what was referred to internally as Intermediate Representation ( IR ) . Since all three modules were implemented as Prolog programs , it would then in principle be possible to put this structure backwards through the corresponding modules for another language to produce a translated text in any of the other languages . However , in practice this was not in fact how language pairs were implemented . The first `` live '' translation occupied a 4Mb Microvax running Ultrix and C-Prolog for a complete weekend some time in early 1987 . The sentence , translated from English into Danish , was `` Japan makes computers '' . The main problem faced by the system was the generation of so-called `` Parse Forests '' - often a large number of different grammar rules could be applied to any particular phrase , producing hundreds , even thousands of ( often identical ) parse trees . This used up huge quantities of computer store , slowing the whole process down unnecessarily . While Eurotra never delivered a `` working '' MT system , the project made a far-reaching long-term impact on the nascent language industries in European member states , in particular among the southern countries of Greece , Italy , Spain , and Portugal . There is at least one commercial MT system ( developed by an academic/commercial consortium in Denmark ) derived from Eurotra technology .", "title": "" } ]	fever
a9f4b4b9bb60790b8449906361e47e1c	Seinfeld used to be a television program.	[ { "docid": "47b3dc6401ea36316222f4bbf881f927", "text": "Sitcom A situation comedy , or sitcom , is a genre of comedy centered on a fixed set of characters who carry over from episode to episode . Sitcoms can be contrasted with sketch comedy , where a troupe may use new characters in each sketch , and stand-up comedy , where a comedian tells jokes and stories to an audience . Sitcoms originated in radio , but today are found mostly on television as one of its dominant narrative forms . This form can also include mockumentaries . A situation comedy television program may be recorded in front of a studio audience , depending on the program 's production format . The effect of a live studio audience can be imitated or enhanced by the use of a laugh track .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "24e5ff1bd04325a85cb8f314a6a9a498", "text": "NBC The National Broadcasting Company ( NBC ) is an American English language commercial broadcast television network that is a flagship property of NBCUniversal , a subsidiary of Comcast . The network is headquartered in the Comcast Building ( formerly known as the GE Building ) at Rockefeller Center in New York City , with additional major offices near Los Angeles ( at Universal City Plaza ) , Chicago ( at the NBC Tower ) and soon in Philadelphia at Comcast Innovation and Technology Center . The network is part of the Big Three television networks . NBC is sometimes referred to as the `` Peacock Network '' , in reference to its stylized peacock logo , which was originally created in 1956 for its then-new color broadcasts and became the network 's official emblem in 1979 . Founded in 1926 by the Radio Corporation of America ( RCA ) , NBC is the oldest major broadcast network in the United States . In 1986 , control of NBC passed to General Electric ( GE ) -- which previously owned RCA and NBC until 1930 , when it was forced to sell the companies as a result of antitrust charges -- through its $ 6.4 billion purchase of RCA . Following the acquisition by GE ( which later liquidated RCA ) , Bob Wright served as chief executive officer of NBC , remaining in that position until his retirement in 2007 , when he was succeeded by Jeff Zucker . In 2003 , French media company Vivendi merged its entertainment assets with GE , forming NBC Universal . Comcast purchased a controlling interest in the company in 2011 , and acquired General Electric 's remaining stake in 2013 . Following the Comcast merger , Zucker left NBC Universal and was replaced as CEO by Comcast executive Steve Burke . NBC has thirteen owned-and-operated stations and nearly 200 affiliates throughout the United States and its territories , some of which are also available in Canada via pay-television providers or in border areas over-the-air ; NBC also maintains brand licensing agreements for international channels in South Korea and Germany .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2990ea240b2a5784fb4107830f30586e", "text": "Seinfeld Seinfeld is an American sitcom that originally ran for nine seasons on NBC , from 1989 to 1998 . It was created by Larry David and Jerry Seinfeld , the latter starring as a fictionalized version of himself . Set predominantly in an apartment building in Manhattan 's Upper West Side in New York City , the show features a handful of Jerry 's friends and acquaintances , particularly best friend George Costanza ( Jason Alexander ) , former girlfriend Elaine Benes ( Julia Louis-Dreyfus ) , and neighbor across the hall Cosmo Kramer ( Michael Richards ) . It is often described as being `` a show about nothing '' , as many of its episodes are about the minutiae of daily life . Seinfeld was produced by Castle Rock Entertainment . In syndication , the series has been distributed by Sony Pictures Television since 2002 . It was largely written by David and Seinfeld with script writers who included Larry Charles , Peter Mehlman , Gregg Kavet , Carol Leifer , David Mandel , Jeff Schaffer , Steve Koren , Jennifer Crittenden , Tom Gammill , Max Pross , Dan O'Keefe , Charlie Rubin , Marjorie Gross , Alec Berg , Elaine Pope , and Spike Feresten . A favorite among critics , the series led the Nielsen ratings in seasons six and nine , and finished among the top two ( with NBC 's ER ) every year from 1994 to 1998 . Seinfeld is widely considered to be one of the greatest and most influential sitcoms ever made . It has been ranked among the best television shows of all time in publications such as Entertainment Weekly , Rolling Stone , and TV Guide . The show 's most renowned episodes include `` The Chinese Restaurant '' , `` The Parking Garage '' , and `` The Contest '' . In 2013 , the Writers Guild of America voted it the No. 2 Best Written TV Series of All Time ( second to The Sopranos ) . E! named the series the `` number 1 reason the '90s ruled '' , and quotes from numerous episodes have become catchphrases in popular culture .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "7dd6f0ecdccb8fdfa7a8f9494b0db834", "text": "Seinfeld: A XXX Parody Seinfeld : A XXX Parody is a 2009 American pornographic situation comedy film that parodies the American television sitcom Seinfeld which ran from 1989 until 1998 . Like other porn parodies , it has the same characters , settings and other production elements of the original show but adds an explicitly sexual element that was not present in the series . Written by A.J. Slater and directed by Lee Roy Myers , the plot is based on the episode `` The Soup Nazi '' . The film stars James Deen , Kristina Rose , Eric John , Steve Pomerantz , Evan Stone , Ashlynn Brooke , London Keyes , Natalie Horton , Tony Disergio , Sasha Grey , Sadie West and Cassandra Calogera . Released to DVD on June 29 , 2009 , the movie received positive reviews from critics , who enjoyed the acting , casting , sexual content and comedy . In addition to the positive reception , it also earned ten nominations at the 27th AVN Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "11da7b6ecfe4d6361144611dea632226", "text": "Philip Morris Playhouse Philip Morris Playhouse is a 30-minute old-time radio dramatic anthology series . The program '' -LSB- g -RSB- enerally ... featured straight and crime drama , '' radio historian John Dunning wrote . He noted that one of the directors was William Spier , who `` had directed Suspense in its salad days and brought to The Philip Morris Playhouse the same slick production '' that was used in Suspense . Philip Morris Playhouse was broadcast on CBS June 30 , 1939 -- February 18 , 1944 , then returned to the air ( again on CBS ) November 5 , 1948 -- July 29 , 1949 . The 1948 edition replaced a giveaway show , Everybody Wins . Its third and final incarnation on radio was a bit more complicated , as explained on The Digital Deli Too website : The emerging popularity of between three and five other popular playhouse formats of the early 1950s persuaded Philip Morris to resurrect its Philip Morris Playhouse a third time as Phillip Morris Playhouse On Broadway , beginning with its initial CBS run on March 15 , 1951 . Emphasizing Broadway productions , the subsequent series ran over CBS for twenty-six installments , only to jump to NBC on September 11 , 1951 . The series ran on NBC for the remainder of 1951 , jumping back to CBS on January 13 , 1952 . CBS aired the remainder of the canon through September 2 , 1953 . In 1951 , a trade publication reported that the program 's annual budget was $ 1 million .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f8df83f51b7a2fe139e810ee0e033d36", "text": "List of former NBC television affiliates The National Broadcasting Company ( NBC ) is an American broadcast television network that originated as a radio network in November 1926 , and expanded into television in April 1939 . Throughout its history , the network has had many owned-and-operated and affiliated stations . This article is a table listing of former NBC stations , arranged alphabetically by state , and based on the station 's city of license as well as its Designated Market Area ; it is also accompanied by footnotes regarding the present network affiliation of the former NBC-affiliated station ( if the station remains operational ) and the current NBC affiliates in each of the listed markets , as well as any other notes including the reasons behind each station 's disaffiliation from the network . There are links to and articles on each of the stations , describing their histories , local programming and technical information , such as broadcast frequencies . The station 's advertised channel number follows the call letters . In most cases , this is their virtual channel ( PSIP ) number , which may match the channel allocation that the station originally broadcast on during its prior affiliation with the network .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "72dd7e6210e8514eb2e1f0b0b100f738", "text": "List of former DuMont Television Network affiliates This is a partial list of affiliate stations of the DuMont Television Network , which operated in the United States from 1946 to 1956 . At its peak in 1954 , DuMont was affiliated with around 200 TV stations . In its later years , DuMont was carried mostly on poorly watched UHF channels or had only secondary affiliations on VHF stations . The DuMont affiliation ending dates listed here are somewhat tentative in several cases ; DuMont ended most operations on April 1 , 1955 , and honored network commitments until August 1956 . Many stations in the early years of television affiliated with more than one network . There were not enough local stations in most cities for each of the four major networks to have an affiliate , leading to the four networks ( as well as a number of smaller networks ) to fight for air time . Local TV stations were free to `` cherry-pick '' which programs they would broadcast . Many of DuMont 's `` affiliates '' carried very little DuMont programming , choosing to air one or two more popular programs ( such as Life Is Worth Living , which was aired by 169 stations during the 1953 -- 1954 season ) and/or sports programming on the weekends . Few stations carried the full DuMont program line-up . DuMont 's advertising revenues depended on being able to be viewed nationwide . As a result , the company made affiliation agreements which have been described as `` a crazy patchwork of deals '' . In many cities , DuMont was affiliated with more than one TV station in order to get more of its programming cleared for broadcast . No definitive list of affiliated stations from 1946 to 1956 exists , and many sources contradict one another . DuMont 's owned-and-operated stations are highlighted in yellow . The Paramount owned-and-operated stations , which did n't carry DuMont programs but were ruled DuMont O&O s by the FCC , are shown in pink .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7715c6d2158d1664e14b3fe0bf7fe7b7", "text": "The Simpsons The Simpsons is an American animated sitcom created by Matt Groening for the Fox Broadcasting Company . The series is a satirical depiction of working-class life epitomized by the Simpson family , which consists of Homer , Marge , Bart , Lisa , and Maggie . The show is set in the fictional town of Springfield and parodies American culture , society , television , and the human condition . The family was conceived by Groening shortly before a solicitation for a series of animated shorts with producer James L. Brooks . Groening created a dysfunctional family and named the characters after members of his own family , substituting Bart for his own name . The shorts became a part of The Tracey Ullman Show on April 19 , 1987 . After a three-season run , the sketch was developed into a half-hour prime time show and became an early hit for Fox , becoming the network 's first series to land in the Top 30 ratings in a season ( 1989 -- 90 ) . Since its debut on December 17 , 1989 , episodes of The Simpsons have been broadcast . Its 28th season began on September 25 , 2016 . It is the longest-running American sitcom and the longest-running American animated program , and , in 2009 , it surpassed Gunsmoke as the longest-running American scripted primetime television series . The Simpsons Movie , a feature-length film , was released in theaters worldwide on July 27 , 2007 , and grossed over $ 527 million . On November 4 , 2016 , the series was renewed for a twenty-ninth and thirtieth season of 22 episodes each , extending the show to 2019 . The Simpsons received widespread critical acclaim throughout its first nine seasons , which are generally considered its `` Golden Age '' . Time named it the 20th century 's best television series , and Erik Adams of The A.V. Club named it `` television 's crowning achievement regardless of format '' . On January 14 , 2000 , the Simpson family was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame . It has won dozens of awards since it debuted as a series , including 31 Primetime Emmy Awards , 30 Annie Awards , and a Peabody Award . Homer 's exclamatory catchphrase `` D'oh ! '' has been adopted into the English language , while The Simpsons has influenced many adult-oriented animated sitcoms . Despite this , the show has also been criticized for what many perceive as a decline in quality over the years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9e80f3caa3d354dccc80f966edafc178", "text": "The George Carlin Show The George Carlin Show was an American sitcom that aired Sunday at 9:30 pm on the Fox network from January 1994 to July 1995 . It was created jointly by Sam Simon and the show 's namesake , comedian George Carlin .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "44e3fa8b4789184d52227ac93dca1f53", "text": "The Slicer `` The Slicer '' is the 163rd episode of the NBC sitcom Seinfeld . This was the seventh episode of the ninth and final season . It first aired on November 13 , 1997 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "989150891e18920f11159f0a308d6d38", "text": "The Maid (Seinfeld) `` The Maid '' is the 175th episode of the NBC sitcom Seinfeld . This was the 19th episode of the ninth and final season . It aired on April 30 , 1998 . The working title for this episode was `` The Long-Distance Relationship . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fda06eb3f2db245e01df8d8ab473cfb5", "text": "The Van Buren Boys `` The Van Buren Boys '' is the 148th episode of the sitcom Seinfeld , and name of a fictional New York street gang . Their sign is one hand with all the fingers and thumb ` up ' and spread out . The other hand has all but the thumb and pointer finger up , for a total of eight ( 8 ) . The gang is named for the 8th President of the United States , Martin Van Buren ( who was the first president from New York ) . This was the 14th episode for the 8th season . It aired on February 6 , 1997 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "25ca1c20d4c110b3fbfdd886f6a0bf0c", "text": "List of Saturday Night Live episodes Saturday Night Live ( SNL ) is a late-night sketch comedy and variety show created by Lorne Michaels . It premiered on NBC , a terrestrial television network , on October 11 , 1975 under the title NBC 's Saturday Night . The show often satirizes contemporary American popular culture and politics . Saturday Night Live features a two-tiered cast : the repertory members , also known as the `` Not Ready for Prime-Time Players , '' and newer cast members , known as `` Featured Players . '' Each week , the show features a host , often a well-known celebrity , who delivers an opening monologue and performs in sketches with the cast . A musical guest is also invited to perform several sets ( usually two , and occasionally more ) . Every so often a host or musical guest will fill both roles , such as was the case with Britney Spears in 2000 and 2002 , Jennifer Lopez in 2001 and 2010 , Justin Timberlake in 2003 , 2006 and 2013 , Taylor Swift in 2009 , Bruno Mars in 2012 , Lady Gaga in 2013 , Miley Cyrus in 2013 and 2015 , Drake in 2014 and 2016 , Blake Shelton in 2015 , and Ariana Grande in 2016 . With the exception of Season 7 and several other rare cases , the show has begun with a cold open that ends with someone breaking character and proclaiming `` Live from New York , it 's Saturday Night ! '' Saturday Night Live is one of the longest running network programs in American television history , with over 800 episodes broadcast over the span of 42 seasons . A number of the show 's sketches have been developed into feature films , including The Blues Brothers , Wayne 's World , A Night at the Roxbury , Superstar , Coneheads , and MacGruber . Seasons 1 through 5 are available on DVD in Region 1 . Various Saturday Night Live sketches are available in several new media formats , including streaming on Hulu and Netflix . Selected sketches and segments are also available for purchase at the iTunes Store to download and playback on home computers and certain iPod and iPhone models .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd5d7a7f213714eb0dce168dc5ceef4f", "text": "The Comedians (1971 TV series) The Comedians is a British television show of the 1970s ( later reprised in the mid-1980s and early 1990s ) produced by Johnnie Hamp of Granada Television . The show gave a stage to nightclub and working men 's club comedians of the era , including Russ Abbot , Lennie Bennett , Stan Boardman , Jim Bowen , Jimmy Bright , Duggie Brown , Mike Burton , Dave Butler , Brian Carroll , Frank Carson , Mike Coyne , Jimmy Cricket , Colin Crompton , Pauline Daniels , Charlie Daze , Vince Earl , Steve Faye , Eddie Flanagan , Stu Francis , Ken Goodwin , Jackie Hamilton , Jerry Harris , George King , Bobby Knutt , Bernard Manning , Mike McCabe , Paul Melba , Mick Miller , Hal Nolan , Tom O'Connor , Tom Pepper , Bryn Phillips , Mike Reid , George Roper , Harry Scott , Sammy Thomas , Johnny Wager , Roy Walker , Charlie Williams , Lee Wilson and Lenny Windsor . Also featured on the TV show , were Shep 's Banjo Boys , a 7-piece band comprising ( for the first 5 series ) Charlie Bentley ( tenor banjo ) , John Drury ( sousaphone ) , Andy Holdorf ( trombone ) , John Orchard ( piano ) , John Rollings ( drums ) , Graham Shepherd ( banjo ) and Howard Shepherd ( lead banjo ) . In 1973 , the line up was Mike Dexter ( banjo ) , Tony `` Tosh '' Kennedy ( sousaphone ) , Ged Martin ( drums ) , Tony Pritchard ( trombone ) , Graham Shepherd ( banjo ) and Howard `` Shep '' Shepherd ( lead banjo ) . The Comedians began as an experiment for Granada TV . Filmed before a live audience in Manchester , comics each performed 20-minute sets , which were then edited together into half-hour shows . Each edition featured up to ten stand-up comics . Working men 's clubs are numerous in Britain , especially in North East England and have been a useful training ground for artists , especially comedians . Most of these clubs are affiliated to the CIU ( Working Men 's Club and Institute Union ) founded in 1862 by the Rev. Henry Solly . There are also political clubs , as well as Servicemen 's Clubs affiliated to the Royal British Legion . It was remarkably popular during the earlier series . An LP recording of the show reached the best-seller charts , several sell-out national tours followed , including a season at the London Palladium , and the programme won the Critics ' circle Award . The comedy frequently took the form of anecdotes or jokes and often involved racist or sexist stereotypes . Like other British comedy successes of the day , notably , Love Thy Neighbour , this kind of entertainment was acceptable on British television during this period but would not be so today . Viewing the series in retrospect it stands as a major social document of the times . In recent years , the series has been repeated on the ( now defunct ) British satellite television channel Plus , and can now be bought on DVD , having been released by Network .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5969224c9a4cc25d97fcfc023d274d82", "text": "FM (1989 TV series) FM is an American television sitcom , which aired on NBC in 1989 and 1990 . The series title was a pun , referring both to the show 's setting at an FM radio station and to its themes of female-male interaction .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dcf23a26f15fe7f631dde23c24d9ccd8", "text": "Combo television unit A Combo television unit , or a TV/VCR combo , sometimes known as a televideo , is a television with either a VCR or a DVD player built into a single unit . These converged devices have the advantages ( compared to a separate TV and VCR ) of saving space and increasing portability . Such units entered the market during the mid-to-late 1980s when VCRs had become ubiquitous household devices . By this time , the VHS format had become standard ; thus the vast majority of TV/VCR combos are VHS-based . Most combo units have RCA connecters on the front and/or back to connect a home video game console or a camcorder . Some units also have a headphone jack to watch media without disturbing others . Though nearly all TV/VCR combination sets have monaural ( mono ) sound though with stereo soundtrack compatibility , there are a large number of TV/VCR combos with a stereo TV tuner , but a mono VCR ( some may even include a mono sound input alongside a composite video input . Some models from Panasonic also included an FM tuner . A major exception to this convention is TV/DVD combos , which can have a stereo VCR included in the unit ( i.e. a TV/VCR/DVD combo ) . One of the major drawbacks of a TV/DVD/VCR combo is that the integrated VCR can sometimes activate the CSS programming on the DVD player portion , making it impossible to watch DVDs on the unit . Modern televisions tend to be mostly solid state machines , while VCRs require mechanical manipulation of VHS tape and require occasional servicing . For this reason , it is not uncommon for the VCR component to cease functioning or to become unreliable years before a similar fate befalls the television component . This leaves users with only `` half '' of the set in operation and a more expensive repair or replacement . As late as 2006 , flat-panel TVs with integrated DVD players appeared on the market , and integrated TV/DVD sets started overtaking the TV/VCR market . This is due to both the low price and overwhelming availability of DVDs and more compact form factor , as opposed to the increasingly rare video cassettes and near-extinction of cathode ray tube displays in the consumer market .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "979996be2f024a91371a2151f585949f", "text": "The Colgate Sports Newsreel The Colgate Sports Newsreel was a radio program focusing on sports . It has been called `` one of the most successful and most listened-to shows in radio history '' and `` one of radio broadcasting 's most entertaining and engaging programs . '' However , much of the information reported as fact was actually fiction . The program was first broadcast in October 1939 , on NBC Blue . Although Colgate dropped its sponsorship in June 1951 , the show continued on NBC as Bill Stern 's Sports Newsreel through September 1953 . It then switched to ABC , where it ran until June 1956 . During World War II , the Newsreel was among the programs that NBC rebroadcast by transcription to members of the United States armed forces stationed abroad . Bill Stern , the star , made the program memorable with his enthusiastic , dramatized delivery . He was already both the narrator of MGM 's News of the Day newsreels , and a sports announcer . Thus , the format of this program came naturally . For most of its run , the show was sponsored by Colgate brushless shave cream . The opening theme `` was sung in barbershop quartet style to the tune of Mademoiselle from Armentieres '' and mentioned the sponsoring product prominently . Although the singing group was not named in the program , a news brief announcing the show 's launch in 1939 identified it as the Armchair Quartette . The theme 's lyrics varied a bit over the years , but the basic form was as follows : Bill Stern the Colgate shave-cream man is on the air . Bill Stern the Colgate shave-cream man with stories rare . Take his advice and you 'll look keen . You 'll get a shave that 's smooth and clean . You 'll be a Colgate brushless fan . From September 14 , 1953 , through December 10 , 1954 , Budweiser sponsored the program . Its final sponsor was Allstate , from December 13 , 1954 through June 22 , 1956 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5427cd842f880aabaadc46d6d269e76f", "text": "Tom's Restaurant Tom 's Restaurant is a diner located at 2880 Broadway ( on the corner of West 112th Street ) in the Morningside Heights neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City . Frequented by students and faculty of nearby Columbia University , it has been owned and operated by the Greek-American family of Minas Zoulis since the 1940s . Tom 's Restaurant was the locale that inspired Suzanne Vega 's 1982 song `` Tom 's Diner . '' Later , its exterior was used as a stand-in for the fictional Monk 's Café in the television sitcom Seinfeld , where comedian Jerry Seinfeld 's eponymous character and his friends regularly gathered to eat . The interior shown on the television show , however , looked very little like the real `` Tom 's '' , as indoor scenes were filmed on a set in Los Angeles . Early Seinfeld episodes showed the entire neon sign ; later , the `` Tom 's '' portion was cropped out , showing only the `` RESTAURANT '' wraparound . Even though the interior and exterior have undergone minor remodeling since the show , the distinctive sign has remained the same . Tom 's is featured in Kramer 's Reality Tour conducted by Kenny Kramer . Senator John McCain often ate at Tom 's when he visited his daughter Meghan when she was a student at Columbia . Tom 's exterior has been seen on television before , in the 1978 The Bionic Woman episode `` Long Live the King '' at around the 27 minute mark of the DVD release .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e8541267e08cf6e4ae492902069487f2", "text": "The CBS Late Movie The CBS Late Movie is a CBS television series ( later known as CBS Late Night ) during the 1970s and 1980s . The program ran in most American television markets from 11:30 p.m. ( EST ) until 2:30 a.m. or later , on weeknights . A single announcer ( in the early years , CBS staff announcer Norm Stevens ) voiced the introduction and commercial bumpers for each program , but there was no host per se , or closing credits besides those of the night 's presentation . ( The bumpers announcing the stars of the movie notably rotated names , two or three at a time , so more of the players would be mentioned . ) The program was launched following the cancellation of The Merv Griffin Show , CBS 's late-night talk show from 1969 to 1972 . The show went on to have a long run in first-run syndication following CBS 's cancellation . The CBS Late Movie theme music was `` So Old , So Young '' by Morton Stevens , which also served as the theme music for CBS 's prime-time movies until 1978 . A memorable aspect to the show 's commercial breaks was the frequent appearance of public service announcements , from the Ad Council and other organizations , that often dealt with `` mature '' topics such as venereal disease , sexual and violent crimes , and abuse of hard drugs . Announcements also ran in much greater proportion than during prime time , with commercial breaks lasting longer ; it was not uncommon for the second portion of the show to start at 12:05 AM or 12:40 AM . The CBS Late Night block , however , was not always cleared by every affiliate of the network ; in several markets , the block was either delayed by one hour from its regularly-scheduled time ( most notably in the Central and Mountain time zones ) , picked up by a local independent station ( including those that later affiliated with the Fox television network ) , or not seen at all in certain cities . Those stations that did not carry CBS Late Night instead broadcast movies from their own libraries and/or their own lineup of off-network syndicated sitcoms , drama reruns and first-run syndication products . A large factor in the programming decisions of many CBS affiliates electing not to clear CBS Late Night ( or delaying it ) was due to head-to-head competition with NBC 's The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson , and later entering the 1980s , ABC News ' Nightline . It was not until 1993 , when the Late Show with David Letterman debuted , that CBS ' late night programming ( excluding Nightwatch/Up to the Minute ) was cleared across the entire network .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9665c9d40711fb80e08070b27d93066e", "text": "Freaks and Geeks Freaks and Geeks is an American teen comedy-drama television series , created by Paul Feig , with Judd Apatow as executive producer , that aired on NBC during the 1999 -- 2000 television season . Eighteen episodes were completed , but the series was canceled after only 12 had aired . A fan-led campaign persuaded NBC to broadcast three more episodes in July 2000 ; the three remaining unaired episodes , for a total of 18 , aired that September on the cable network Fox Family Channel . The series appeared on Time magazine 's 2007 `` 100 Greatest Shows of All Time '' list , and placed third on the magazine 's list of greatest television shows of the 2000s ( decade ) . In 2007 , Freaks and Geeks ranked # 21 on TV Guides Top Cult Shows Ever . In 2008 , Entertainment Weekly ranked it the 13th-best series of the past 25 years . The same year , AOL TV named it the Best School Show of All Time . In 2013 TV Guide included it in its list of The 60 Greatest Dramas of All Time , and ranked it # 1 on their list of 60 shows that were `` Cancelled Too Soon '' . It launched several of its young actors into successful television and film careers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8ea97addb49c4b3716e26b125f769da2", "text": "ER (TV series) ER is an American medical drama television series created by novelist and medical doctor Michael Crichton that aired on NBC from September 19 , 1994 , to April 2 , 2009 , with a total of 331 episodes spanning over 15 seasons . It was produced by Constant c Productions and Amblin Television , in association with Warner Bros. . Television . ER follows the inner life of the emergency room ( ER ) of fictional County General Hospital in Chicago , Illinois , and various critical issues faced by the room 's physicians and staff . The show became the longest-running primetime medical drama in American television history . It won 23 Primetime Emmy Awards , including the 1996 Outstanding Drama Series award , and received 124 Emmy nominations , which makes it the most nominated drama program in history . ER won 116 awards in total , including the Peabody Award , while the cast earned four Screen Actors Guild Awards for Outstanding Ensemble Performance in a Drama Series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "900194fffb77767792d39fdd39c71bf9", "text": "Alfred Hitchcock Presents Alfred Hitchcock Presents is an American television anthology series hosted and executive produced by Alfred Hitchcock , which aired on CBS and NBC between 1955 and 1965 . It featured dramas , thrillers , and mysteries . By the time it premiered on October 2 , 1955 , Hitchcock had been directing films for over three decades . Time magazine named it one of `` The 100 Best TV Shows of all time '' . The Writers Guild of America ranked it # 79 on their list of the 101 Best-Written TV Series tying it with Monty Python 's Flying Circus , Star Trek : The Next Generation and Upstairs , Downstairs . A series of literary anthologies with the running title Alfred Hitchcock Presents were issued to capitalize on the success of the television series . One volume , devoted to stories that censors would n't allow to be adapted for broadcast , was entitled Alfred Hitchcock Presents : Stories They Would n't Let Me Do on TV '' -- though eventually several of the stories collected were adapted .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "46eef3040e4f9d2daddb8907e0d3cc2b", "text": "Sesame Street research In 1969 , the children 's television show Sesame Street premiered on the National Educational Television network ( later succeeded by PBS ) in the United States . Unlike earlier children 's programming , the show 's producers used research and over 1,000 studies and experiments to create the show and test its impact on its young viewers ' learning . By the end of the program 's first season , the organization founded to oversee Sesame Street production , Children 's Television Workshop ( CTW ) , had developed what came to be called `` the CTW model '' : a system of planning , production , and evaluation that combined the expertise of researchers and early childhood educators with that of the program 's writers , producers , and directors . CTW conducted research in two ways : in-house formative research that informed and improved production , and independent summative evaluations conducted by the Educational Testing Service ( ETS ) during the show 's first two seasons to measure the program 's educational effectiveness . CTW researchers invented tools to measure young viewers ' attention to the program . Based on these findings , the researchers compiled a body of data and the producers changed the show accordingly . The formative research on Sesame Street was the first time children 's television viewing was studied scientifically . Summative research conducted over the years , including two landmark evaluations in 1970 and 1971 , demonstrated that viewing the program had positive effects on young viewers ' learning , school readiness , and social skills . Subsequent studies have replicated these findings , such as the effect of the show in countries outside of the US , several longitudinal studies , the effects of war and natural disasters on young children , and studies about how the show affected viewers ' cognition . As CTW researcher Gerald S. Lesser stated in 1974 , early tests conducted on the show ( both formative and summative ) `` suggested that Sesame Street was making strides towards teaching what it had set out to teach '' .", "title": "" } ]	fever
475cdb0771ee9aa90b175e9ed510cbd3	The Guest stars Brendan Meyer.	[ { "docid": "7dbfd303d267deaf259be67788bf1311", "text": "The Guest (film) The Guest is a 2014 American action horror-thriller film directed and edited by Adam Wingard and written by Simon Barrett , both of whom previously collaborated on a previous film , You 're Next ( 2011 ) . Starring Dan Stevens , Maika Monroe , Leland Orser , Sheila Kelley , Brendan Meyer , and Lance Reddick , the plot follows a soldier named `` David '' unexpectedly visiting the Peterson family , introducing himself as a friend of their son who had died during the Afghanistan war . After the man is welcomed into their home for a couple of days , a series of deaths begin to occur around his presence , and their daughter Anna begins to have suspicions of David being connected to the deaths . The film premiered at the Sundance Film Festival on January 17 , 2014 , following a release in the United States on September 17 , 2014 and the United Kingdom on September 5 , 2014 . Critical reception was largely positive , with general praise towards Stevens ' role and Wingard 's direction .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "02ddbec1ea8fbb09b6950a01b216edbe", "text": "Halloween (The Office) `` Halloween '' is the fifth episode of the second season of the American comedy television series The Office , and the show 's eleventh episode overall . It was written by executive producer and showrunner Greg Daniels and was directed by Paul Feig . The episode first aired on NBC in the United States on October 18 , 2005 . Guest stars in this episode included Devon Abner , Hugh Dane , George Gaus , Annabelle Kopack , Ava Nisbet and Alec Zbornak . The series depicts the everyday lives of office employees in the Scranton , Pennsylvania branch of the fictional Dunder Mifflin Paper Company . In this episode , the employees at Dunder Mifflin celebrate Halloween at the office . Michael Scott ( Steve Carell ) struggles with making the decision of whom to fire . Meanwhile , Jim Halpert ( John Krasinski ) and Pam Beesly ( Jenna Fischer ) post Dwight Schrute 's ( Rainn Wilson ) resume on the internet . Due to the Halloween concept of the episode , the cast members of The Office were allowed to wear costumes rather than their `` usual , realistically plain suits '' . B. J. Novak , writer for the series as well as actor , called the experience `` fun '' . The episode features the last on-screen appearance of the background character Devon until the series finale . The episode earned a Nielsen rating of 4.1 in the 18 -- 49 demographic and was viewed by 8 million viewers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "955de93aba8f65459d3c0722dc962680", "text": "Treehouse of Horror IV `` Treehouse of Horror IV '' is the fifth episode of The Simpsons ' fifth season and the fourth episode in the Treehouse of Horror series of Halloween specials . It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on October 28 , 1993 , and features three short stories called `` The Devil and Homer Simpson '' , `` Terror at 5 1/2 Feet '' , and `` Bart Simpson 's Dracula '' . The episode was directed by David Silverman and co-written by Conan O'Brien , Bill Oakley , Josh Weinstein , Greg Daniels , Dan McGrath , and Bill Canterbury . In `` The Devil and Homer Simpson '' , Homer Simpson announces he would sell his soul for a doughnut , and the Devil appears to make a deal with Homer . Homer tries to outsmart the Devil by not finishing the doughnut but eventually eats it and is sent to Hell . A trial is held between Homer and the Devil to determine the rightful owner of Homer 's soul . In `` Terror at 5 1/2 Feet '' , while riding the bus to school , Bart Simpson believes he sees a gremlin taking apart the bus piece by piece . Nobody sees it except for Bart , so he tries to remove it on his own . In `` Bart Simpson 's Dracula '' , Mr. Burns is a vampire and Bart falls victim to his bite . Lisa and the rest of the family go to Burns ' castle to kill Burns so Bart can return to normal . As with the rest of the Halloween specials , the episode is considered non-canon and falls outside of the show 's regular continuity . The episode makes cultural references to television series such as The Twilight Zone , Night Gallery , and Peanuts . References are also made to films such as Bram Stoker 's Dracula and The Lost Boys . Since airing , the episode has received mostly positive reviews from television critics . It acquired a Nielsen rating of 14.5 , and was the highest-rated show on the Fox network the week it aired .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "444eb78ccdc44c93ebb1f2e8efe2965f", "text": "Friends of Peter G. `` Friends of Peter G. '' is the tenth episode of the ninth season of the animated comedy series Family Guy . It aired on Fox in the United States on February 13 , 2011 . The episode follows Peter and Brian as they are forced to join Alcoholics Anonymous , due to their excessive drinking , much to their chagrin . Soon , however , Peter crashes his car while driving home drunk , and is approached by Death , who shows him what his life will be like if he continues to drink alcohol , as well if he had never drunk at all . The episode was written by Brian Scully and directed John Holmquist . It received mostly mixed reviews from critics for its storyline and many cultural references . According to Nielsen ratings , it was viewed in 5.99 million homes in its original airing . The episode featured guest performances by H. Jon Benjamin , Adam Carolla , Carrie Fisher , Phil LaMarr , Jessica Stroup and Laura Vandervoort , along with several recurring guest voice actors for the series . It was first announced at the 2010 San Diego Comic-Con International .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8196145c4652bfab4ae6e2bdb3a8eb91", "text": "Jonah Meyerson Jonah Meyerson ( born September 20 , 1991 ) is an American actor . He has worked with actors such as Gene Hackman , Pierce Brosnan , Robin Williams , Ben Stiller , Dermot Mulroney , Alison Pill , and Aidan Quinn . He was born in New York City , where he currently lives . He is a graduate of Stuyvesant High School , and the University of Pennsylvania as a member of the class of 2013 . At UPenn , he was the head writer for and a cast member of Penn 's Mask and Wig Club , the nation 's oldest collegiate all-male musical comedy troupe . Meyerson also performed with Penn 's improv comedy troupe , Without a Net . and was a 2013 member of Penn 's Friars Senior Society . Meyerson made his acting debut in Wes Anderson 's 2001 award-winning film The Royal Tenenbaums . He played Uzi , the red-suited older son of Chas , played by Ben Stiller , and the grandson of characters played by Gene Hackman and Anjelica Huston . Meyerson was nominated for a Young Artists ' award for his work on that film . He also starred in Griffin and Phoenix , a new movie shown on the Lifetime channel and released on DVD . His work on that film earned him his second Young Artist Award nomination . In 2005 , he was in the movies Little Manhattan and The Matador , and in 2004 , David Duchovny 's House of D. Playing computer genius Yoda who helps Alison Pill 's character in Book of Daniel ( 2006 ) , Jonah was set to appear in eight episodes , but only one of his episodes aired before the series was cancelled . His work on that series is available on the show 's DVD . He is represented by -LSB- Paradigm -RSB- in New York City .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "539a07d0f6cad51c47aec6e9a375faf2", "text": "Goodbye, Toby `` Goodbye , Toby '' is the fourth season hour-long finale of the American comedy television series The Office , and the show 's seventy-first and seventy-second episodes overall . Written by Paul Lieberstein and Jennifer Celotta , and directed by Paul Feig , the episode first aired in the United States on May 15 , 2008 on NBC . The series -- presented as if it were a real documentary -- depicts the everyday lives of office employees in the Scranton , Pennsylvania , branch of the fictional Dunder Mifflin Paper Company . In this episode , Toby Flenderson ( Lieberstein ) spends his last day at Dunder Mifflin before moving to Costa Rica . Michael Scott ( Steve Carell ) develops feelings for the new Human Resources Representative Holly Flax ( Ryan ) , who makes her first appearance in this episode . Jim Halpert 's ( John Krasinski ) plan to propose to Pam Beesly ( Jenna Fischer ) gets ruined after Andy Bernard ( Ed Helms ) makes a proposal of his own . Elsewhere , Ryan Howard ( B. J. Novak ) is fired as Vice President of the company for misleading the shareholders and sent to prison . `` Goodbye , Toby '' introduced the character of Holly Flax , played by Amy Ryan , whose presence would drastically affect the office in the series ' fifth and seventh seasons . The episode received largely positive reviews from critics , with many applauding the introduction of Amy Ryan 's character , as well as the ending between Jim and Pam . The episode received 4.1 Nielsen rating and was watched by 8.07 million viewers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4eb2ecf7a4fdf6016d459ae98d3a282c", "text": "Monster Madhouse Live Monster Madhouse is an American public-access television cable TV and Internet horror movie program . The show is hosted by horror host Karlos Borloff , played by Washington DC native Jerry Moore .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "035f723e132d9b1cfa0e21995b33b7a2", "text": "Dream Team (The Office) `` Dream Team '' is the twenty-second episode of the fifth season of the television series The Office , and the 94th overall episode of the series . It originally aired on NBC in the United States on April 9 , 2009 . In the episode , Pam and Michael try to keep each other motivated as the two form their new paper company together . Michael recruits Ryan for the company , which sets up a new office in the same building complex as Dunder Mifflin . Meanwhile , Jim tries to impress new boss Charles Miner by claiming to be a soccer enthusiast , but it backfires when Dwight convinces the two to face each other in a game . The episode was written by B. J. Novak and directed by Paul Feig . It included a guest appearance by Idris Elba , who played new Dunder Mifflin vice president Charles Miner . The episode aired the same day as the Office episode `` Michael Scott Paper Company '' ; the debut episode of the new NBC show Parks and Recreation was shown between the two episodes . `` Dream Team '' marked the return of Ryan , who had not appeared on the show since the November 2008 episode `` Frame Toby '' . The episode received generally positive reviews and , according to Nielsen ratings , was watched by 7.2 million viewers and captured the most viewers in its time slot for adults between the ages of 18 and 49 . `` Dream Team '' received a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Single-Camera Picture Editing for a Comedy Series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9af1a2f6d58ce8c8d5f43ca4761a3114", "text": "Brendan O'Brien (screenwriter) Brendan O'Brien is an American screenwriter , best known for writing 2014 film Neighbors along with Andrew J. Cohen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "88eb1f1829b323bdc69f6c1ca0c1fbd0", "text": "Danny Burstein Danny Burstein ( born June 16 , 1964 ) is an American actor of stage and screen , who made his Broadway debut in 1992 . He is a six-time Tony Award nominee ; for The Drowsy Chaperone ( 2006 ) , South Pacific ( 2008 ) , Follies ( 2012 ) , Golden Boy ( 2013 ) , Cabaret ( 2014 ) and Fiddler on the Roof ( 2016 ) . He has also won two Drama Desk Awards , three Outer Critics Circle Awards , and received two Grammy Award nominations . His other Broadway credits include The Seagull ( 1992 ) , Saint Joan ( 1993 ) , and Women on the Verge of a Nervous Breakdown ( 2010 ) . Burstein 's television work includes a feature-length episode of the BBC sitcom Absolutely Fabulous ( 2002 ) ; a Staten Island father in the first season of Louie ( 2010 ) ; he appeared as different characters in six episodes of the original NBC drama series Law & Order ( 1995 -- 2015 ) , and played the recurring part of Lolly Steinman on the HBO series Boardwalk Empire ( 2010 -- 11 ) . His film appearances include Transamerica ( 2005 ) , Deception ( 2008 ) , The Family Fang ( 2015 ) and Indignation ( 2016 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "09facf90d54515f256aaced44ca8b7d0", "text": "Timothée Chalamet Timothée Chalamet ( -LSB- ˈtɪməθi_ˈʃæləmeɪ -RSB- born December 26 , 1995 ) is an American actor . He is known for playing Finn Walden in the drama series Homeland . In 2014 , he appeared in the films Men , Women & Children and Interstellar . He also had roles on the television series Law & Order and Royal Pains , and in the television film Loving Leah . In 2017 , he stars in the romance drama Call Me by Your Name .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a48ddc5d21e09699d0a8f495cbff4301", "text": "Joel Schumacher Joel T. Schumacher ( born August 29 , 1939 ) is an American film director , screenwriter , and producer . Schumacher rose to fame after directing hit films of his decade St. Elmo 's Fire ( 1985 ) , The Lost Boys ( 1987 ) and Flatliners ( 1990 ) . He later went on to direct John Grisham adaptations The Client ( 1994 ) and A Time to Kill ( 1996 ) . His films Falling Down ( 1993 ) and 8mm ( 1999 ) were competed for Palme d'Or and Golden Bear respectively . In 1993 , he signed on to direct the next installments of Batman film series . Schumacher-directed Batman films Batman Forever ( 1995 ) and particularly Batman & Robin ( 1997 ) received negative reactions from both public and critics . After Batman films , Schumacher pulled back from blockbusters and returned to making minimalist films such as Tigerland ( 2000 ) and Phone Booth ( 2002 ) , both earning positive reviews . He also directed The Phantom of the Opera ( 2004 ) , The Number 23 ( 2007 ) and several episodes of House of Cards . Known for casting young actors , Schumacher helped actors like Colin Farrell , Kiefer Sutherland , and Matthew McConaughey to launch careers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "753798a9e512083c2a20d8cf708a39a3", "text": "Excellence in Broadcasting `` Excellence in Broadcasting '' is the second episode of the ninth season of the animated comedy series Family Guy . It originally aired on Fox in the United States on October 3 , 2010 . The episode features anthropomorphic dog Brian , an adamant liberal , confronting conservative radio talk show host Rush Limbaugh at a book signing in Quahog , and ultimately having a political change of heart when Limbaugh convinces him to read his latest book . Brian eventually decides to become a devoted member of the Republican Party , and soon begins criticizing liberals . This leads Brian to become roommates with Limbaugh , and begins following him everywhere , before Limbaugh convinces Brian of his true political convictions . The episode was written by Patrick Meighan and directed by John Holmquist . It received mixed reviews from critics for its storyline and many cultural references , in addition to receiving both praise and criticism from conservative news outlets . According to Nielsen ratings , it was viewed in 7.94 million homes in its original airing . As well as Limbaugh , the episode featured guest performances by Gary Cole , Christine Lakin , Phil LaMarr , Shelley Long , Nana Visitor and Rainn Wilson , along with several recurring guest voice actors for the series . `` Excellence in Broadcasting '' was released on DVD along with three other episodes from the season on December 13 , 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "34b32df42479e1bc201563b1eed96eda", "text": "That '80s Show That '80s Show is an American sitcom that aired from January through May 2002 . Despite having a similar name , show structure , and many of the same writers and production staff , it is not considered a direct-sequel of the more successful That '70s Show . The characters and story lines from both shows never crossed paths . Although the main character , Corey Howard ( Glenn Howerton ) , is designed as Eric Forman 's ( Topher Grace ) cousin , the show itself was a separate decade-based show created because of That '70s Show '' 's popularity at the time . The show was set in 1984 and revolved around the lives of a group of friends living in San Diego , California . It debuted January 23 , 2002 , and the final episode aired May 29 , 2002 . Its regular time slot was on Wednesday nights at 8:00 / 7:00 Central on the Fox Network , although a few shows were aired on different nights . Its main time slot competitors were ABC 's My Wife and Kids , CBS 's 60 Minutes II , and NBC 's Ed '' . All 13 episodes , which were filmed at CBS Studio Center , aired at least once .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a73e8740384706dee15e162f12b438a6", "text": "Alex Weed Alex Weed ( born Alexander Wilding Weed on May 11 , 1980 in Menlo Park , California ) is an American actor . He is perhaps best known for his guest-starring roles in several TV shows , including Criminal Minds , Pretty Little Liars , Gilmore Girls , House , and `` House Hunters Renovations '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "59e6d1c25d64a1031b3e0ba4f31bd178", "text": "Brad Willis (Neighbours) Bradley `` Brad '' Willis is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera Neighbours . He made his first screen appearance during the episode broadcast on 31 October 1989 . The character was initially played by Benjamin Mitchell , before Scott Michaelson took over the role two years later . Brad was re-introduced alongside his sister , Gaby ( Rachel Blakely ) , during a period of roller coaster ratings for the show . Michaelson revealed that as soon as he learnt he had won the role of Brad , he went surfing five days in a row , as he knew he was going to be busy over the upcoming months . Michaelson signed a new twelve-month contract with Neighbours in October 1992 and a year later , he announced he would be leaving the soap . Michaelson filmed his final scenes in November and departed on 15 December 1993 . Before the character returned to Neighbours , he was said to be living in America after gaining a basketball scholarship . The scriptwriters had wanted Brad to become a professional player , but after Michaelson told them he was a surfer , Brad became a `` surf bum '' instead . Brad was described as being a `` friend to all '' and a `` nice , lovable fool '' . He had a caring attitude and a love for family . The character 's storylines often revolved around his relationships . He dated his neighbour , Lucy Robinson ( Melissa Bell ) , and then fell in love with Beth Brennan ( Natalie Imbruglia ) . The couple became engaged , but Beth learned Brad was having an affair with Lauren Carpenter ( Sarah Vandenbergh ) on their wedding day . After dating different people for a while , Brad and Beth got back together and married . In August 1992 , Brad was shot after trying to save his mother from a hostage situation involving Bob Landers ( Bruce Kilpatrick ) . Michaelson stated that Brad 's actions might not have been sensible , but he acted instinctively and the actor thought that others would have reacted the same way . A writer from BBC Online named the storyline as Brad 's most notable moment throughout his duration on the show . While a reporter for the Herald Sun called Brad `` one of the show 's most popular characters '' and commented that Michaelson had a huge following because of his good looks . For his portrayal of Brad , Michaelson earned a nomination for Most Popular Actor at the 1993 Logie Awards . He also received a nomination for Hottest Man in Soap at the Inside Soap TV Awards , while Brad was nominated for Best Male Character . The character was reintroduced in early 2013 , with Kip Gamblin taking over the role . Brad displayed a more mature attitude , but still retained his relaxed outlook . He returned with a new wife , Terese ( Rebekah Elmaloglou ) , and their children , Josh ( Harley Bonner ) , Imogen ( Ariel Kaplan ) and Piper ( Mavournee Hazel ) . The character departed on 7 April 2017 , along with his wife Lauren ( Kate Kendall ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "14fdb2b2ff9374372c5b351ee1f2fb5d", "text": "Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series This is a list of winners and nominees of the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series . In early Primetime Emmy Award ceremonies , the supporting categories were not always genre , or even gender , specific . Beginning with the 22nd Primetime Emmy Awards , supporting actors in comedy have competed alone . However , these comedic performances often included actors from miniseries , telefilms , and guest performers competing against main cast competitors . Such instances are marked below : # -- Indicates a performance in a Miniseries or Television film , prior to the category 's creation . § -- Indicates a performance as a guest performer , prior to the category 's creation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ce4832de52bdfd8ea7510dd8d372195d", "text": "Brian Gleeson (actor) Brian Gleeson ( -LSB- ˈɡliːsən -RSB- born 14 November 1987 ) is an Irish actor . In 2011 Gleeson received an Irish Film and Television Awards nomination for best supporting role on television for Love/Hate .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "475af628ce36adf1f451d82b83024fc7", "text": "Britney/Brittany `` Britney/Brittany '' is the second episode of the second season of the American television series Glee , and the twenty-fourth episode overall . Written and directed by series creator Ryan Murphy , it premiered on the Fox network on September 28 , 2010 , and pays tribute to Britney Spears . Glee club member Brittany S. Pierce ( Heather Morris ) experiences an anesthesia-induced hallucination in which she recreates iconic Spears moments , and comes to self-realization , and several club members follow suit . Co-captains Rachel ( Lea Michele ) and Finn ( Cory Monteith ) experience difficulties in their relationship , and club director Will Schuester ( Matthew Morrison ) becomes jealous of guidance counselor Emma Pillsbury 's ( Jayma Mays ) new boyfriend , Dr. Carl Howell ( John Stamos ) . Following the first season episode `` The Power of Madonna '' , which served as an homage to Madonna , Murphy planned two tribute episodes for Glee second season , of which `` Britney/Brittany '' is the first . He was approached by Spears about using her songs , and deemed her one of the most important female musicians of the decade , having inspired many of the show 's young cast to pursue musical careers . Spears makes several cameos in the episode , appearing in the students ' dream sequences . `` Britney/Brittany '' was also intended as a showcase for Morris , whose character was originally a background character on the show , but was promoted to a series regular after her character proved to be a fan favorite . The episode features seven musical performances , six of which were released as singles . It was watched by 13.51 million American viewers , Glee third largest audience ever , and attracted mixed reviews from critics . ToddVanDerWerff of The A.V. Club criticized its slightness of plot and incongruous musical numbers ; however , James Poniewozik of Time praised the episode for embracing its fantasy nature . Entertainment Weekly Tim Stack was dismayed by the close recreations of Spears videos , preferring Glee more original interpretations of its cover versions , yet MTV 's Aly Semigran felt that the performance of `` I 'm a Slave 4 U '' was one of the best sequences in the show 's history . Michele 's rendition of '' ... Baby One More Time '' attracted negative reviews , though her performance of Paramore 's `` The Only Exception '' was generally well received . Spears ' cameo received mixed reviews , with even those critics who received it favorably expressing relief that she did not appear for longer . Morris ' performance attracted critical praise , particularly for her dancing skills .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "516df54bb65254115a160dbf7a294253", "text": "Child Star (Glee) `` Child Star '' is the ninth episode of the sixth season of the American musical television series Glee , and the 117th overall . The episode was written by Ned Martel , directed by supervising producer Michael Hitchcock , and first aired on February 27 , 2015 on Fox in the United States . The episode takes place as New Directions are hired by a young boy to perform at his bar mitzvah party , but he turns out to cause all sorts of problems . Meanwhile , Mason McCarthy is developing feelings for Jane Hayward but runs into issues with his sister Madison McCarthy , and Roderick helps Spencer Porter to begin a new relationship .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d5297e445023d5f0f8170655eb8bdd64", "text": "Roads to Vegas `` Roads to Vegas '' is the twenty-first episode of the eleventh season and the 209th overall episode of Family Guy . It follows Brian and Stewie as they head off to Vegas using a teleporting machine , which malfunctions and creates clones of themselves . The episode , which is the seventh in the series of Road to ... episodes , originally aired on Fox in the United States on May 19 , 2013 , airing before the episode `` No Country Club for Old Men '' . Together , the two episodes were promoted as being the season finale . First announced at the 2012 San Diego Comic-Con International , the episode was written by Steve Callaghan and directed by Greg Colton . The episode received generally positive reviews from critics upon release . According to Nielsen ratings , it was viewed in 5.28 million homes in its original airing . The episode featured guest performances from Alexandra Breckenridge , Ralph Garman , Gary Janetti , Joe Lomonaco , Patrick Meighan , Emily Osment , Danny Smith , Alec Sulkin , and John Viener .", "title": "" } ]	fever
726aa28515e7b4ecc37d094ce9606cd2	Roald Dahl is British.	[ { "docid": "f907203da81558e114f1fa3604acbcbf", "text": "Roald Dahl Roald Dahl ( -LSB- langpronˈroʊ.əld _ ˈdɑːl -RSB- , -LSB- ˈɾuːɑl dɑl -RSB- ; 13 September 1916 -- 23 November 1990 ) was a British novelist , short story writer , poet , screenwriter , and fighter pilot . His books have sold more than 250 million copies worldwide . Born in Wales to Norwegian parents , Dahl served in the Royal Air Force during the Second World War , in which he became a flying ace and intelligence officer , rising to the rank of acting wing commander . He rose to prominence in the 1940s with works for both children and adults and he became one of the world 's best selling authors . He has been referred to as `` one of the greatest storytellers for children of the 20th century '' . His awards for contribution to literature include the 1983 World Fantasy Award for Life Achievement , and the British Book Awards ' Children 's Author of the Year in 1990 . In 2008 , The Times placed Dahl 16th on its list of `` The 50 greatest British writers since 1945 '' . Dahl 's short stories are known for their unexpected endings and his children 's books for their unsentimental , macabre , often darkly comic mood , featuring villainous adult enemies of the child characters . His books champion the kind-hearted , and feature an underlying warm sentiment . Dahl 's works for children include James and the Giant Peach , Charlie and the Chocolate Factory , Matilda , The Witches , Fantastic Mr Fox , The BFG , The Twits and George 's Marvellous Medicine . His adult works include Tales of the Unexpected .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "fe4927d95e5ff29c5eb8dbcfd4b8147d", "text": "Mr. Botibol `` Mr. Botibol '' is a short story by Roald Dahl , first collected in 1980 in the short story collection More Tales of the Unexpected by Penguin .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "952bbee73096ff5de7dc7663c1fadbaf", "text": "Places of interest in Buckinghamshire Buckinghamshire , England is most notable for its open countryside and natural features , including the Chiltern Hills Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty and the River Thames . The county is also home to many historic houses , some of which are open to the public through the National Trust , such as Waddesdon Manor , West Wycombe Park and Cliveden ; and others which still act as private houses such as the Prime Minister 's country retreat Chequers . Buckinghamshire is also the home of various notable people from history in whose honour tourist attractions have been established . The most notable of these is the author Roald Dahl who included many local features and characters in his works . There are various notable sports facilities in Buckinghamshire such as Adams Park , and the county is also home to the world-famous Pinewood Studios . This is a list of places of interest in the county . See List of places in Buckinghamshire for a list of settlements .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1eb91e16566c01dd31ca4f28cf4a940d", "text": "Spoilt Rotten Spoilt Rotten : The Toxic Cult of Sentimentality ( subtitle in US editions : How Britain is Ruined by Its Children ) is a non-fiction book by the British writer and retired doctor and psychiatrist Theodore Dalrymple , originally published in 2010 . Polemical in nature , the book contends that sentimentality has become culturally entrenched in British society , with harmful consequences . The author uses a range of cultural , educational , political , media and literary issues -- including falling standards in education , UK aid policies for African development , the death of Diana , Princess of Wales , the disappearance of Madeleine McCann , and the work and life of Sylvia Plath -- to illustrate what he sees as the danger of abandoning logic in favour of sentimentality , which he describes as `` the progenitor , the godparent , the midwife of brutality '' . Much of Dalrymple 's analysis is underpinned by his experience of working with criminals and the mentally ill . Spoilt Rotten received a mostly favourable reception in the media . Dalrymple was praised for carrying out a thought-provoking and convincing analysis of a newly emerged cultural phenomenon which sees emotion substituted for reason . Some critics , however , accused the author of cynicism and misanthropic pessimism in his approach , and the historian Noel Malcolm claimed that Dalrymple had overreached in his analysis .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b85109d158ef2db98eb204df627f69dc", "text": "Roxburghe Club The Roxburghe Club is an exclusive bibliophilic and publishing society based in the United Kingdom .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6b6df5f6496cab8bfbd1e1e1c05efcc9", "text": "British Overseas Territories The 14 British Overseas Territories ( BOT ) are territories under the jurisdiction and sovereignty of the United Kingdom . They are the parts of the British Empire that have not been granted independence or have voted to remain British territories . These territories do not form part of the United Kingdom and , with the exception of Gibraltar , are not part of the European Union . Most of the inhabited territories are internally self-governing , with the UK retaining responsibility for defence and foreign relations . The rest are either uninhabited or have a transitory population of military or scientific personnel . They share the British monarch ( Elizabeth II ) as head of state . The term `` British Overseas Territory '' was introduced by the British Overseas Territories Act 2002 , replacing the term British Dependent Territory , introduced by the British Nationality Act 1981 . Prior to 1 January 1983 , the territories were officially referred to as British Crown Colonies . With the exceptions of the British Antarctic Territory and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands ( which host only officials and research station staff ) and the British Indian Ocean Territory ( used as a military base ) , the Territories retain permanent civilian populations . Permanent residency for the 7,000 or so civilians living in the Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia is limited to citizens of the Republic of Cyprus . Collectively , the Territories encompass a population of about 250,000 people and a land area of about 667018 sqmi . The vast majority of this land area , 660000 sqmi , constitutes the almost uninhabited British Antarctic Territory , while the largest territory by population , Bermuda , accounts for almost a quarter of the total BOT population . At the other end of the scale , three territories have no civilian population ; the Antarctic territory , the British Indian Ocean Territory ( from which the Chagos Islanders were controversially removed ) and South Georgia . Pitcairn Islands , settled by the survivors of the Mutiny on the Bounty , is the smallest settled territory with 49 inhabitants , while the smallest by land area is Gibraltar on the southern tip of the Iberian peninsula . The United Kingdom participates in the Antarctic Treaty System and , as part of a mutual agreement , the British Antarctic Territory is recognised by four of the other sovereign nations making claims to Antarctic territory . Although the Crown dependencies of Jersey , Guernsey and the Isle of Man are also under the sovereignty of the British monarch , they are in a different constitutional relationship with the United Kingdom . The British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies are themselves distinct from the Commonwealth realms , a group of 15 independent countries ( and the United Kingdom ) which each also have Elizabeth II as their reigning monarch , and from the Commonwealth of Nations , a voluntary association of 52 countries mostly with historic links to the British Empire ( which also includes all Commonwealth realms ) . the Minister responsible for the Territories excluding the Falkland Islands , Gibraltar and the Sovereign Base Areas is Baroness Anelay , Minister of State for the Commonwealth and the UN . The other three territories are the responsibility of Sir Alan Duncan MP , Minister of State for Europe and the Americas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "03741fcf36c7578201bc5a3109915e1f", "text": "Danny, the Champion of the World Danny , the Champion of the World is a 1975 children 's book by Roald Dahl . The plot centers on Danny , a young English boy , and his father , William , who live in a Gypsy caravan fixing cars for a living and partake in poaching pheasants . It was first published in 1975 in the United States by Alfred A. Knopf , Inc. and in the United Kingdom by Jonathan Cape . It was adapted into a made-for-TV movie in 1989 by Thames Television which starred Jeremy Irons . It is based on Dahl 's adult short story `` Champion of the World '' which first appeared in print in The New Yorker magazine , as did some of the other short stories that would later be reprinted as Kiss Kiss ( 1960 ) . Peter Serafinowicz provides the English language audiobook recording .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b8cdeaccd00bb2867e8043061d9f3211", "text": "Novel in Scotland The novel in Scotland includes all long prose fiction published in Scotland and by Scottish authors since the development of the literary format in the eighteenth century . The novel was soon a major element of Scottish literary and critical life . Tobias Smollett 's picaresque novels , such as The Adventures of Roderick Random and The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle mean that he is often seen as Scotland 's first novelist . Other Scots who contributed to the development of the novel in the eighteenth century include Henry Mackenzie and John Moore . There was a tradition of moral and domestic fiction in the early nineteenth century that included the work of Elizabeth Hamilton , Mary Brunton and Christian Johnstone . The outstanding literary figure of the early nineteenth century was Walter Scott , whose Waverley is often called the first historical novel . He had a major worldwide influence . His success led to a publishing boom in Scotland . Major figures that benefited included James Hogg , John Galt , John Gibson Lockhart , John Wilson and Susan Ferrier . In the mid-nineteenth century major literary figures that contributed to the development of the novel included David Macbeth Moir , John Stuart Blackie , William Edmondstoune Aytoun and Margaret Oliphant . In the late nineteenth century , a number of Scottish-born authors achieved international reputations , including Robert Louis Stevenson and Arthur Conan Doyle , whose Sherlock Holmes stories helped found the tradition of detective fiction . In the last two decades of the century the `` kailyard school '' ( cabbage patch ) depicted Scotland in a rural and nostalgic fashion , often seen as a `` failure of nerve '' in dealing with the rapid changes that had swept across Scotland in the industrial revolution . Figures associated with the movement include Ian Maclaren , S. R. Crockett and J. M. Barrie , best known for his creation of Peter Pan , which helped develop the genre of fantasy , as did the work of George MacDonald . Among the most important novels of the early twentieth century was The House with the Green Shutters by George Douglas Brown , which broke with the Kailyard tradition . John Buchan played a major role in the creation of the modern thriller with The Thirty-Nine Steps and Greenmantle . The Scottish literary Renaissance attempted to introduce modernism into art and create of a distinctive national literature . It increasingly focused on the novel . Major figures included Neil Gunn , George Blake , A. J. Cronin , Eric Linklater and Lewis Grassic Gibbon . There were also a large number of female authors associated with the movement , who included Catherine Carswell , Willa Muir , Nan Shepherd and Naomi Mitchison . Many major Scottish post-war novelists , such as Robin Jenkins , Jessie Kesson , Muriel Spark , Alexander Trocchi and James Kennaway spent most of their lives outside Scotland , but often dealt with Scottish themes . Successful mass-market works included the action novels of Alistair MacLean and the historical fiction of Dorothy Dunnett . A younger generation of novelists that emerged in the 1960s and 1970s included Allan Massie , Shena Mackay and Alan Spence . Working class identity continued to be explored by Archie Hind , Alan Sharp , George Friel and William McIlvanney . From the 1980s Scottish literature enjoyed another major revival , with figures including Alasdair Gray , James Kelman , Irvine Welsh , Alan Warner , Janice Galloway , A. L. Kennedy , Iain Banks , Candia McWilliam , Frank Kuppner and Andrew O'Hagan . In genre fiction Iain Banks , writing as Iain M. Banks , produced ground-breaking science fiction and Scottish crime fiction has been a major area of growth with the success of novelists including Frederic Lindsay , Quintin Jardine , Val McDermid , Denise Mina , Christopher Brookmyre , and particularly Ian Rankin and his Inspector Rebus novels . The most successful author of Scottish origins in recent years has been J. K. Rowling , author of the Harry Potter series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18a75c5ad0c17a861ba966e0fbe71d59", "text": "BAFTA Award for Best Film The BAFTA Award for Best Film is given annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts and presented at the British Academy Film Awards . It has been given since the 1st BAFTA Awards , representing the best films of 1947 , but until 1969 it was called the BAFTA Award for Best Film From Any Source . It is possible for films from any country to be nominated , although British films are also recognised in the category BAFTA Award for Best British Film and ( since 1983 ) foreign-language films in BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language . As such , there have been multiple occasions of a film being nominated in two of these categories . There has been one tie for the Best Film award when , in 1962 , Ballad of a Soldier tied with The Hustler for Best Film from any Source . Until 1981 , the award was given to the director , except in 1976 and 1977 , when it was given to the producers . From 1981 to 1985 , it was given solely to the producers , and then in 1986 , it was shared between the Director and Producer . In 1998 , it was once again given to only the producers . In the following lists , the titles and names in bold with a dark grey background are the winners and recipients respectively ; those not in bold are the nominees . The years given are those in which the films under consideration were released , not the year of the ceremony , which always takes place the following year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "471988de30007725fde9ab307a52eab4", "text": "Culture of the United Kingdom The culture of the United Kingdom is influenced by the UK 's history as a developed island country , a liberal democracy and a major power ; its predominantly Christian religious life ; and its composition of four countries -- England , Wales , Scotland and Northern Ireland -- each of which has distinct customs , cultures and symbolism . The wider culture of Europe has also influenced British culture , and Humanism , Protestantism and representative democracy developed from broader Western culture . British literature , music , cinema , art , theatre , comedy , media , television , philosophy , architecture and education are important aspects of British culture . The United Kingdom is also prominent in science and technology , producing world-leading scientists ( e.g. Isaac Newton and Charles Darwin ) and inventions . Sport is an important part of British culture ; numerous sports originated in the country , including football . The UK has been described as a `` cultural superpower '' , and London has been described as a world cultural capital . The Industrial Revolution , which started in the UK , had a profound effect on the socio-economic and cultural conditions of the world . As a result of the British Empire , significant British influence can be observed in the language , law , culture and institutions of a geographically wide assortment of countries , including Australia , Canada , India , the Republic of Ireland , New Zealand , Nigeria , Pakistan , South Africa , the United States and English speaking Caribbean nations . These states are sometimes collectively known as the Anglosphere , and are among Britain 's closest allies . In turn the empire also influenced British culture , particularly British cuisine . The cultures of England , Scotland , Wales and Northern Ireland are diverse and have varying degrees of overlap and distinctiveness .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a5c81ad0a2cd257358a173b6131f9564", "text": "Indian English literature Indian English Literature ( IEL ) refers to the body of work by writers in India who write in the English language and whose native or co-native language could be one of the numerous languages of India . Its early history began with the works of R. K. Narayan , Mulk Raj Anand and Raja Rao who contributed to Indian fiction in the 1930s . It is also associated with the works of members of the Indian diaspora , such as V. S. Naipaul , Kiran Desai , Jhumpa Lahiri , Kovid Gupta , Agha Shahid Ali , Rohinton Mistry and Salman Rushdie , who are of Indian descent . It is frequently referred to as Indo-Anglian literature . ( Indo-Anglian is a specific term in the sole context of writing that should not be confused with Anglo-Indian ) . As a category , this production comes in the broader realm of postcolonial literature -- the production from previously colonised countries such as India .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e990c906106e5ea8a3e8f48fc475a828", "text": "The Mildenhall Treasure The Mildenhall Treasure is a non-fiction work written by British author Roald Dahl . Unlike his later work , the story is not children 's fiction . It tells the story of the discovery in 1946 near Mildenhall in Suffolk of the Mildenhall Treasure , now held in the British Museum .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c5e96c0cc6ab151c6c361afdd624df35", "text": "Ron Roker Ron Roker ( born Ronald Ernest Alfred Roker , 23 January 1941 ) is an English songwriter , singer and record producer Roker has written UK chart hits for Jackie Lee , The Fortunes , Barry Blue , Tina Charles , Polly Brown , The Pearls , The Real Thing and Sweet Dreams .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64d6c3cd0fbb6ffb27e8fdcde6f0efcd", "text": "Earl Haig Earl Haig is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom . It was created in 1919 for Field Marshal Sir Douglas Haig . During the First World War , he served as Commander of the British Expeditionary Force on the Western Front in France and Belgium ( 1915 -- 18 ) . Haig was made Viscount Dawick and Baron Haig , of Bemersyde in the County of Berwick , at the same time he was given the earldom , also in the Peerage of the United Kingdom The viscountcy of Dawick is used as a courtesy title by the Earl 's son and heir apparent . the titles are held by the first Earl 's grandson , the third Earl , who succeeded his father in 2009 . The family seat is Bemersyde House , near Newtown St. Boswells , Roxburghshire . The family motto is `` Tyde what may '' , which refers to a 13th-century poem by Thomas the Rhymer which predicted that there would always be a Haig in Bemersyde :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5b9445ee96ef35a4ff865734427377bf", "text": "History of Bangladeshis in the United Kingdom Bangladeshis are one of the largest immigrant communities in the United Kingdom . Significant numbers of ethnic Bengali and ethnic Sylheti peoples arrived as early as the 17th century , mostly as lascar seamen working on ships . Following the founding of Bangladesh in 1971 , a large immigration to Britain took place during the 1970s , leading to the establishment of a British Bangladeshi community . Bangladeshis were encouraged to move to Britain during that decade because of changes in immigration laws , natural disasters such as the Bhola cyclone , the Bangladesh Liberation War against Pakistan , and the desire to escape poverty , and the perception of a better living led Sylheti men bringing their families.Murshid , Ghulam . 2008 . The call of the sea : History of Bangali in Britain -LSB- in Bengali : Kalapanir hatchani : Bilete Bangaleer itihash -RSB- ( Dhaka , Abosar ) . During the 1970s and 1980s , they experienced institutionalised racism and racial attacks by organised ultra-right fascist groups such as National Front and British Nationalist Party .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3d0ac80a9b3e8ec8781d4574b6d32cb2", "text": "Harry Kipling Harry Kipling is a comics character appearing in the British weekly anthology 2000 AD , created by Simon Spurrier and Boo Cook . He is a True Brit , trying to survive in a world of rampant Pantheistic solipsism aided only by strong tea and a big gun .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c32c3dfd169aa602a9edd5b2b48d24a8", "text": "Matilda (novel) Matilda is a children 's novel by British writer Roald Dahl . Matilda won the Children 's Book Award in 1999 . It was published in 1988 by Jonathan Cape in London , with 232 pages and illustrations by Quentin Blake . It was adapted as an audio reading by actress Kate Winslet , a 1996 feature film directed by Danny DeVito , a two-part BBC Radio 4 programme starring Lauren Mote as Matilda , Nichola McAuliffe as Miss Trunchbull and narrated by Lenny Henry , and a 2010 musical . In 2012 Matilda was ranked number 30 among all-time children 's novels in a survey published by School Library Journal , a monthly with primarily US audience . It was the first of four books by Dahl among the Top 100 , more than any other writer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "804db23614d605a8722d95b6e77599c3", "text": "British intelligence agencies The Government of the United Kingdom maintains intelligence agencies within several different government departments . The agencies are responsible for collecting and producing foreign and domestic intelligence , providing military intelligence , performing espionage and counter-espionage . Their intelligence assessments contribute to the conduct of the foreign relations of the United Kingdom , maintaining the national security of the United Kingdom , military planning and law enforcement in the United Kingdom . The three main agencies are the Secret Intelligence Service ( MI6 ) , the Security Service ( MI5 ) , and the Government Communications Headquarters . The history of the organisations goes back to the 19th century . The decryption of the Zimmermann Telegram in 1917 was described as the most significant intelligence triumph for Britain during World War I , and one of the earliest occasions on which a piece of signals intelligence influenced world events . During the Second World War and afterwards , many observers regarded Ultra as immensely valuable to the Allies of World War II . In the post-war period , intelligence cooperation between the United Kingdom and the United States became the cornerstone of Western intelligence gathering and the `` Special Relationship '' between the UK and the USA .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ee03d643fa70987ce914b6593f4197f", "text": "Buckinghamshire County Museum The Buckinghamshire County Museum is a museum in the centre of Aylesbury , in Buckinghamshire , England . It displays artefacts pertinent to the history of Buckinghamshire including geological displays , costume , agriculture and industry . The museum also features changing art exhibits in the Buckinghamshire Art Gallery . The museum is housed in three old buildings that have been joined together : a chapel in St Mary 's Square , the old Aylesbury Grammar School ( before it was moved to its present location ) and Ceely House . To the rear of the building , in what used to be Ceely House 's coach house , is the Roald Dahl Children 's Gallery .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e8a688dbc1c19d8942204c07ad181d5b", "text": "Roald Mandelstam Roald Charlsovich Mandelstam ( Роа́льд Ча́рльсович Мандельшта́м September 16 , 1932 , Leningrad - February 26 , 1961 , Leningrad ) was a Russian poet .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e1a4e5170df26ee0fe92070b45e71523", "text": "Ophelia Dahl Ophelia Magdalena Dahl ( born 12 May 1964 ) is a British social justice and health care advocate . As of January 2008 , Dahl is the president and executive director of Partners In Health ( PIH ) , a Boston , Massachusetts-based non-profit health care organization dedicated to providing a `` preferential option for the poor . '' She first encountered Paul Farmer , the future co-founder of PIH , as an eighteen-year-old volunteer in Haiti , and has since dedicated her life to advocating for social justice and healthcare equity . As a co-founder and key member of the PIH team , Dahl was featured prominently in Mountains Beyond Mountains : The Quest of Dr. Paul Farmer , a Man Who Would Cure the World , Tracy Kidder 's book describing the work of the organization and the life of Dr. Farmer . In December 2006 , Ophelia Dahl and Paul Farmer received the Union Medal from Union Theological Seminary in New York . Dahl and the Partners in Health team is featured in the 2017 documentary film , Bending The Arc . Dahl is the daughter of actress Patricia Neal and author Roald Dahl . Dahl contributed to the 2003 book The Roald Dahl Treasury , a collection of her father 's stories , memoirs , letters and poetry , and is currently writing a memoir of her father . She is a trustee of the Roald Dahl Museum and Story Centre , a registered charity with the mission of `` telling Roald Dahl 's life story , to care for his archive and to promote a love of creative writing in everyone . '' Dahl graduated from Wellesley College as a Davis Scholar and delivered Wellesley 's 2006 commencement address . In 2011 , she was named by the Boston Globe as one of the three Bostonians of the Year , along with her Partners in Health co-founder , Paul Farmer and a senior member of Partners in Health , Louise Ivers . This was mainly due to her and the charity 's response to the 2010 Haiti earthquake . She has also been selected by Social Capital Inc. ( SCI ) as a 2011 SCI Idealist Award recipient , to be given on 30 March 2011 .", "title": "" } ]	fever
7716418e63f508a65fbe15c106524a88	Richard III was European.	[ { "docid": "936e15e1e60376870eaa680e21e48920", "text": "Richard III of England Richard III ( 2 October 1452 -- 22 August 1485 ) was King of England from 1483 until his death in 1485 , at the age of 32 , in the Battle of Bosworth Field . He was the last king of the House of York and the last of the Plantagenet dynasty . His defeat at Bosworth Field , the last decisive battle of the Wars of the Roses , marked the end of the Middle Ages in England . He is the subject of the historical play Richard III by William Shakespeare . When his brother King Edward IV died in April 1483 , Richard was named Lord Protector of the realm for Edward 's son and successor , the 12-year-old Edward V . As the young king travelled to London from Ludlow , Richard met and escorted him to lodgings in the Tower of London , where Edward V 's own brother Richard of Shrewsbury joined him shortly afterwards . Arrangements were made for Edward 's coronation on 22 June 1483 ; but , before the young king could be crowned , his father 's marriage to his mother Elizabeth Woodville was declared invalid , making their children illegitimate and ineligible for the throne . On 25 June , an assembly of Lords and commoners endorsed the claims . The following day , Richard III began his reign , and he was crowned on 6 July 1483 . The young princes were not seen in public after August , and accusations circulated that the boys had been murdered on Richard 's orders , giving rise to the legend of the Princes in the Tower . There were two major rebellions against Richard . The first , in October 1483 , was led by staunch allies of Edward IV and Richard 's former ally , Henry Stafford , 2nd Duke of Buckingham ; but the revolt collapsed . In August 1485 , Henry Tudor and his uncle , Jasper Tudor , led a second rebellion . Henry Tudor landed in southern Wales with a small contingent of French troops and marched through his birthplace , Pembrokeshire , recruiting soldiers . Henry 's force engaged Richard 's army and defeated it at the Battle of Bosworth Field in Leicestershire . Richard was struck down in the conflict , making him the last English king to die in battle on home soil and the first since Harold Godwinson ( who was killed at the Battle of Hastings in 1066 ) . Henry then ascended the throne as Henry VII . After the battle Richard 's corpse was taken to Leicester and buried without pomp . His original tomb monument is believed to have been removed during the Reformation , and his remains were lost for more than five centuries , believed to have been thrown into the River Soar . In 2012 , an archaeological excavation was commissioned by the Richard III Society on a city council car park on the site once occupied by Greyfriars Priory Church . The University of Leicester identified the skeleton found in the excavation as that of Richard III as a result of radiocarbon dating , comparison with contemporary reports of his appearance , and comparison of his mitochondrial DNA with that of two matrilineal descendants of Richard III 's eldest sister , Anne of York . Richard 's remains were reburied in Leicester Cathedral on 26 March 2015 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "471988de30007725fde9ab307a52eab4", "text": "Culture of the United Kingdom The culture of the United Kingdom is influenced by the UK 's history as a developed island country , a liberal democracy and a major power ; its predominantly Christian religious life ; and its composition of four countries -- England , Wales , Scotland and Northern Ireland -- each of which has distinct customs , cultures and symbolism . The wider culture of Europe has also influenced British culture , and Humanism , Protestantism and representative democracy developed from broader Western culture . British literature , music , cinema , art , theatre , comedy , media , television , philosophy , architecture and education are important aspects of British culture . The United Kingdom is also prominent in science and technology , producing world-leading scientists ( e.g. Isaac Newton and Charles Darwin ) and inventions . Sport is an important part of British culture ; numerous sports originated in the country , including football . The UK has been described as a `` cultural superpower '' , and London has been described as a world cultural capital . The Industrial Revolution , which started in the UK , had a profound effect on the socio-economic and cultural conditions of the world . As a result of the British Empire , significant British influence can be observed in the language , law , culture and institutions of a geographically wide assortment of countries , including Australia , Canada , India , the Republic of Ireland , New Zealand , Nigeria , Pakistan , South Africa , the United States and English speaking Caribbean nations . These states are sometimes collectively known as the Anglosphere , and are among Britain 's closest allies . In turn the empire also influenced British culture , particularly British cuisine . The cultures of England , Scotland , Wales and Northern Ireland are diverse and have varying degrees of overlap and distinctiveness .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad5da3c052a41a63309b0556f75f787a", "text": "David Baldwin (historian) David Baldwin ( b. 22 December 1946 d. 4 April 2016 ) was a British historian , author and former university lecturer , who lived near Leicester , England . Baldwin specialised in late Medieval history -- `` the great medieval families of the Midlands '' -- and wrote several books about the people and events of the Wars of the Roses . Before retiring from teaching , Baldwin had previously worked as a lecturer at both the University of Leicester and the University of Nottingham . In 1986 , over 25 years before the 2012 excavation and the discovery of the king 's body , he predicted that Richard III 's remains would be found at Greyfriars , Leicester . In his 2010 book , Robin Hood : The English Outlaw Unmasked , Baldwin argued that the ` real ' Robin Hood was Roger Godberd , a disinherited supporter of Simon de Montfort . He drew attention to the many similarities between Godberd 's career and the stories told of Robin in the earliest ballads , and to a grave slab in Loxley churchyard in Warwickshire which appeared to be identical to one associated with Robin in earlier centuries . In his 2007 book , The Lost Prince : The Survival of Richard of York , Baldwin discussed the possibility that the younger of the Princes in the Tower , Prince Richard , survived , and was the `` Richard Plantagenet '' who died in December 1550 at Eastwell in Kent . Richard had worked as a bricklayer at St. John 's Abbey , Colchester , until 1539 , but , unusually for someone of his class , could read Latin . He is sometimes said to have been an illegitimate son of King Richard III . Baldwin was elected a Fellow of the Royal Historical Society in 2012 . A religious man , Baldwin was a member of a Christadelphian congregation in Leicester .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6c347d986f244fd3bd884e92244add0f", "text": "Germanic Basin The Germanic Basin ( Germanisches Becken ) is a large region of sedimentation in Western and Central Europe that , during the Permian and Triassic periods , extended from England in the west to the eastern border of Poland in the east . To the south it is bounded by the Vindelician Ridge ( Vindelizische Schwelle ) and , to the west and northwest , by the Armorican and London-Brabant Massifs . To the north the basin is bordered by the highlands of Ireland and Scotland , which were then still connected to the North American continent . To the east the basin was defined by the East European Platform , to the northeast by the Fennoscandinavian Shield ( Scandinavia and Finland ) . The sedimentation began in the Rotliegendes with continental depositions . Later , during the Zechstein and Muschelkalk the region was largely flooded by the sea . Bunter sandstone and Keuper are again largely of continental origin . But even in these rocks the perimeter regions have marine influences , short incursions of the sea also reached the centre of the basin in northern Germany . During the Zechstein the sea ingressed from the Arctic Ocean to the north into the basin . This gateway closed during the Uppermost Permian . In the Triassic these marine incursions came through several `` portals '' in the south of the basin e.g. the East Carpathian Gate ( East Poland ) , the Silesian Gate ( West Poland ) and the Burgundian Gate ( France ) . In the Rhaetian new inlets formed in the northwest of the basin through the former highlands in Ireland and Scotland , which came from the Atlantic Ocean which was now opening up .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f3fb799d1550dff4a8208b609d025b03", "text": "William Montagu, 1st Earl of Salisbury William Montagu , alias de Montacute , 1st Earl of Salisbury , 3rd Baron Montagu , King of Mann ( 1301 -- 30 January 1344 ) was an English nobleman and loyal servant of King Edward III . The son of William Montagu , 2nd Baron Montagu , he entered the royal household at an early age and became a close companion of the young Prince Edward . The relationship continued after Edward was crowned king following the deposition of Edward II in 1327 . In 1330 , Montagu was one of Edward 's main accomplices in the coup against Roger Mortimer , who until then had been acting as the king 's protector . In the following years Montagu served the king in various capacities , primarily in the Scottish Wars . He was richly rewarded , and among other things received the lordship of the Isle of Man . In 1337 , he was created Earl of Salisbury , and given an annual income of 1000 marks to go with the title . He served on the Continent in the early years of the Hundred Years ' War , but in 1340 he was captured by the French , and in return for his freedom had to promise never to fight in France again . Salisbury died of wounds suffered at a tournament early in 1344 . Legend has it that Montagu 's wife Catherine was raped by Edward III , but this story is almost certainly French propaganda . William and Catherine had six children , most of whom married into the nobility . Modern historians have called William Montague Edward 's `` most intimate personal friend '' and `` the chief influence behind the throne from Mortimer 's downfall in 1330 until his own death in 1344 . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "68565af946b0b8279ccc7d77f2e5f794", "text": "Monarchy A monarchy is a form of government in which a group , usually a family called the dynasty , embodies the country 's national identity and one of its members , called the monarch , exercises a role of sovereignty . The actual power of the monarch may vary from purely symbolic ( crowned republic ) , to partial and restricted ( constitutional monarchy ) , to completely autocratic ( absolute monarchy ) . Traditionally and in most cases , the monarch 's post is inherited and lasts until death or abdication , but there are also elective monarchies where the monarch is elected . Each of these has variations : in some elected monarchies only those of certain pedigrees are , whereas many hereditary monarchies impose requirements regarding the religion , age , gender , mental capacity , etc. . Occasionally this might create a situation of rival claimants whose legitimacy is subject to effective election . Finally , there have been cases where the term of a monarch 's reign is either fixed in years or continues until certain goals are achieved : an invasion being repulsed , for instance . Thus there are widely divergent structures and traditions defining monarchy . Monarchy was the most common form of government until the 19th century , but it is no longer prevalent . Where it exists , it is now usually a constitutional monarchy , in which the monarch retains a unique legal and ceremonial role , but exercises limited or no official political power : under the written or unwritten constitution , others have governing authority . Currently , 47 sovereign nations in the world have monarchs acting as heads of state , 19 of which are Commonwealth realms that recognise Queen Elizabeth II as their head of state . All European monarchies are constitutional ones , with the exception of the Vatican City which is an elective monarchy , but sovereigns in the smaller states exercise greater political influence than in the larger . The monarchs of Cambodia , Japan , and Malaysia `` reign , but do not rule '' although there is considerable variation in the degree of authority they wield . Although they reign under constitutions , the monarchs of Brunei , Morocco , Oman , Qatar , Saudi Arabia and Swaziland appear to continue to exercise more political influence than any other single source of authority in their nations , either by constitutional mandate or by tradition .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc8c1ceb4d532c1ee4bd569fe68f34f1", "text": "Duke of Aquitaine The Duke of Aquitaine ( Duc d'Aquitània , Duc d'Aquitaine , -LSB- dyk dakitɛn -RSB- ) was the ruler of the ancient region of Aquitaine ( not to be confused with modern-day Aquitaine ) under the supremacy of Frankish , English , and later French kings . As successor states of the Visigothic Kingdom ( 418 -- 721 ) , Aquitania ( Aquitaine ) and Languedoc ( Toulouse ) inherited both Visigothic laws and Roman Law , which together allowed women more rights than their contemporaries would enjoy until the 20th century . Particularly under the Liber Judiciorum as codified 642/643 and expanded by the Code of Recceswinth in 653 , women could inherit land and title and manage it independently from their husbands or male relations , dispose of their property in legal wills if they had no heirs , represent themselves and bear witness in court from the age of 14 , and arrange for their own marriages after the age of 20 . As a consequence , male-preference primogeniture was the practiced succession law for the nobility .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5c958feb43222f57a6b060b62312acd1", "text": "Kingdom of Hungary (1000–1301) The Kingdom of Hungary came into existence in Central Europe when Stephen I , Grand Prince of the Hungarians , was crowned king in 1000 or 1001 . He reinforced central authority and forced his subjects to accept Christianity . Although written sources emphasize the role played by German and Italian knights and clerics in the process , a significant part of the Hungarian vocabulary for agriculture , religion and state was taken from Slavic languages . Civil wars and pagan uprisings , along with attempts by the Holy Roman Emperors to expand their authority over Hungary , jeopardized the new monarchy . The monarchy stabilized during the reigns of Ladislaus I ( 1077 -- 1095 ) and Coloman ( 1095 -- 1116 ) . These rulers occupied Croatia and Dalmatia with the support of a part of the local population . Both realms retained their autonomous position . The successors of Ladislaus and Coloman -- especially Béla II ( 1131 -- 1141 ) , Béla III ( 1176 -- 1196 ) , Andrew II ( 1205 -- 1235 ) , and Béla IV ( 1235 -- 1270 ) -- continued this policy of expansion towards the Balkan Peninsula and the lands east of the Carpathian Mountains , transforming their kingdom into one of the major powers of medieval Europe . Rich in uncultivated lands , silver , gold , and salt deposits , Hungary became the preferred destination of mainly German , Italian and French colonists . These immigrants were mostly peasants who settled in villages , but craftsmen and merchants also came . Their arrival had a key role in the shaping of an urban lifestyle , habits and culture in medieval Hungary . The location of the kingdom at the crossroads of international trade routes favored the coexistence of several cultures . Romanesque , Gothic and Renaissance buildings and literary works written in Latin prove the predominantly Roman Catholic character of the culture , but Orthodox , and even non-Christian ethnic minority communities also existed . Latin was the language of legislation , administration and judiciary , but `` linguistic pluralism '' contributed to the survival of many tongues , including a great variety of Slavic dialects . The predominance of royal estates initially assured the sovereign 's preeminent position , but the alienation of royal lands gave rise to the emergence of a self-conscious group of lesser landholders , known as `` royal servants '' . They forced Andrew II to issue his Golden Bull of 1222 , `` one of first examples of constitutional limits being placed on the powers of a European monarch '' ( Francis Fukuyama ) . The kingdom received a major blow from the Mongol invasion of 1241 -- 42 . Thereafter , Cuman and Jassic groups settled in the central lowlands , and colonists arrived from Moravia , Poland and other nearby countries . The erection of fortresses by landlords , promoted by the monarchs after the withdrawal of the Mongols , led to the development of semi-autonomous `` provinces '' dominated by powerful magnates . Some of these magnates even challenged the authority of Andrew III ( 1290 -- 1301 ) , the last male descendant of the native Árpád dynasty . His death was followed by a period of interregnum and anarchy . Central power was re-established only in the early 1320s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9ad7ab1027ccd61d81a5c662580f9ab5", "text": "Ralph fitzStephen Ralph fitzStephen ( sometimes Ralf fitzStephen ; died either 25 July 1202 or c. 1204 ) was an English nobleman and royal official . Ralph had brothers named William fitzStephen , and Eustace . They were probably the sons of Stephen the chamberlain , who is mentioned as a royal chamberlain in the pipe roll for 1156 -- 57 . Ralph was a royal chamberlain for King Henry II of England and King Richard I of England , serving in that office until at least 1191 . His work would have involved not just household duties , but the financial aspects of the office , both accepting monies owed to the royal household and paying salaries and other expenses of the king 's chamber . In 1170 he was appointed as one of the `` tutors '' to the eldest living son of the king , Henry . Ralph was a frequent witness on royal charters , and during the last years of Henry 's reign was also responsible for the maintenance of Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine , who was incarcerated in house arrest by the king . Ralph was Sheriff of Gloucestershire , from 1171 to 1175 , succeeded by his brother William . Ralph served as a royal justice for the southwest in 1176 and continued as a justice in other counties until 1190 . He assessed the tallage , a tax , from 1176 to 1190 also . In 1184 , Henry II summoned Ralph as a Serjeant-at-law , one of the first identifiable members of that order in the historical record . King Henry gave Ralph the manors of Wapley and Winterbourne in Gloucestershire . In the feudal inquest of 1166 , Ralph listed him as holding half a knight 's fee at the honour of Totnes , one fee from the bishop of Exeter , and two fees at Crich in Derbyshire that were part of Hubert fitzRalph 's honour there . At some point , he held a fee at Blackwell , Derbyshire from Robert fitzRandulf , as he gave that fee as a marriage portion to his niece Idonea when she married William fitzRandulf . Sometime between 1186 and 1190 , Ralph granted a third of a knight 's fee at Potterspury in Northamptonshire to Geoffrey fitzPeter , another royal official . Ralph married Maud or Matilda , the daughter of Robert de Calz . According to the historian Katharine Keats-Rohan , the marriage took place sometime before 1177 , as on that date he was given the forestership of Sherwood Forest which had been held by Robert de Calz . But Julia Boorman in Ralph 's entry in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography says the marriage occurred around 1184 or 1185 . Ralph controlled Sherwood Forest until 1197 , as well as Chippenham Forest in Wiltshire from 1176 to 1190 . Ralph may be the same as the Ralph fitzStephen who was given custody of Guildford Castle in Surrey in 1192 and 1193 . According to Keats-Rohan , Ralph died around 1204 and had no issue from his marriage . Boorman , however , states he died on 25 July 1202 . According to Keats-Rohan , Maud/Matilda married Adam fitzPeter of Birkin after Ralph 's death , but Boorman says that Maud/Matilda was the widow of fitzPeter when she married Ralph . Ralph gave gifts to Haverholme Priory , Darley Abbey , Gloucester Abbey , and Stanley Abbey . In 1225 the king recognized Richard of Gloucester as Ralph 's nearest heir and confirmed his custody of Winterbourne . Boorman speculates that Richard might have been Ralph 's son by a previous marriage before Maud/Matilda .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e3a0132c80841796f26f0c293293b080", "text": "18th century The 18th century lasted from January 1 , 1701 to December 31 , 1800 in the Gregorian calendar . During the 18th century , the Enlightenment culminated in the French and American revolutions . Philosophy and science increased in prominence . Philosophers dreamed of a brighter age . This dream turned into a reality with the French Revolution of 1789 - , though later compromised by the excesses of the Reign of Terror ( 1793-1794 ) under Maximilien Robespierre . At first , many monarchies of Europe embraced Enlightenment ideals , but with the French Revolution they feared losing their power and formed broad coalitions for the counter-revolution . The Ottoman Empire experienced an unprecedented period of peace and economic expansion , taking part in no European wars from 1740 to 1768 . As a consequence the empire did not share in Europe 's military improvements during the Seven Years ' War ( 1756-1763 ) , causing its military to fall behind and suffer defeats against Russia in the second half of the century . The 18th century also marked the end of the Polish -- Lithuanian Commonwealth as an independent state . The once-powerful and vast kingdom , which had once conquered Moscow and defeated great Ottoman armies , collapsed under numerous invasions . Its semi-democratic government system was not robust enough to rival the neighboring monarchies of the Kingdom of Prussia , the Russian Empire and the Archduchy of Austria which divided the Commonwealth territories between themselves , changing the landscape of Central European politics for the next hundred years . European colonization of the Americas and other parts of the world intensified and associated mass migrations of people grew in size as the Age of Sail continued . Great Britain became a major power worldwide with the defeat of France in North America in the 1760s and the conquest of large parts of India . However , Britain lost many of its North American colonies after the American Revolution , which resulted in the formation of the newly independent United States of America . The Industrial Revolution started in Britain in the 1770s with the production of the improved steam engine . Despite its modest beginnings in the 18th century , steam-powered machinery would radically change human society and the environment . Western historians have occasionally defined the 18th century otherwise for the purposes of their work . For example , the `` short '' 18th century may be defined as 1715 -- 1789 , denoting the period of time between the death of Louis XIV of France and the start of the French Revolution , with an emphasis on directly interconnected events . To historians who expand the century to include larger historical movements , the `` long '' 18th century may run from the Glorious Revolution of 1688 to the Battle of Waterloo in 1815 or even later .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1488eef2f350a3e200af1008da95602d", "text": "Wars of the Roses The Wars of the Roses were a series of wars for control of the throne of England fought between supporters of two rival branches of the royal House of Plantagenet : the House of Lancaster ( associated with a red rose ) , and the House of York ( whose symbol was a white rose ) . The conflict lasted through many sporadic episodes between 1455 and 1487 ; however , there was fighting before and after this period between the houses . The power struggle ignited around social and financial troubles following the Hundred Years ' War , combined with the mental infirmity and weak rule of Henry VI which revived interest in Richard of York 's claim to the throne . Historians disagree about whether the Wars of the Roses were caused by the structural problems of bastard feudalism or Henry VI 's ineffectiveness as king . With the Duke of York 's death , the claim transferred to his heir , Edward , who later became the first Yorkist king of England , as Edward IV . His son reigned for 86 days as Edward V , but Parliament then decided that Edward and his brother Richard were illegitimate and offered the crown to Edward IV 's younger brother , who became Richard III . The two young princes disappeared within the confines of the Tower of London . The final victory went to a claimant of the Lancastrian party , Henry Tudor , Earl of Richmond , who defeated the last Yorkist king , Richard III , at the Battle of Bosworth Field . After assuming the throne as Henry VII , he married Elizabeth of York , the eldest daughter and heir of Edward IV , thereby uniting the two claims . The House of Tudor ruled the Kingdom of England until 1603 , with the death of Elizabeth I , granddaughter of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d712ac1bba41125aa5bb47d7bf0d2c1f", "text": "Charles V of France Charles V ( 21 January 1338 -- 16 September 1380 ) , called the Wise ( French : `` le Sage '' ) , was a monarch of the House of Valois who ruled as King of France from 1364 to his death . In 1349 , as a young prince , Charles received from his grandfather King Philip VI the province of Dauphiné to rule . This allowed him to bear the title `` Dauphin '' until his coronation , which led to the integration of the Dauphiné into the crown lands of France . After 1350 , all heirs apparent of France bore the title of Dauphin until their coronation . Charles became regent of France when his father John II was captured by the English at the Battle of Poitiers in 1356 . To pay the ransom , Charles raised taxes . As a result , he faced hostility from the nobility , led by Charles the Bad , King of Navarre ; the opposition of the French bourgeoisie , which was channeled through the Estates-General led by Etienne Marcel ; and with peasant revolts known as Jacqueries . Charles overcame all of these rebellions , but in order to liberate his father , he had to conclude the Treaty of Brétigny in 1360 , in which he abandoned large portions of south-western France to Edward III of England and agreed to pay a huge ransom . Charles became king in 1364 . With the help of talented advisers known as the Marmousets , his skillful management of the kingdom allowed him to replenish the royal treasury and to restore the prestige of the House of Valois . He established the first permanent army paid with regular wages , which liberated the French populace from the companies of routiers who regularly plundered the country when not employed . Led by Bertrand du Guesclin , the French Army was able to turn the tide of the Hundred Years ' War to Charles ' advantage , and by the end of Charles ' reign , they had reconquered almost all the territories ceded to the English in 1360 . Furthermore , the French Navy , led by Jean de Vienne , managed to attack the English coast for the first time since the beginning of the Hundred Years ' War . Charles V died in 1380 . He was succeeded by his son Charles VI the Mad , whose disastrous reign allowed the English to regain control of large parts of France .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b19f3a44123b074a24030c5dcc380985", "text": "Anglo-Saxon law Anglo-Saxon law ( Old English ǣ , later lagu `` law '' ; dōm `` decree , judgement '' ) is a body of written rules and customs that were in place during the Anglo-Saxon period in England , before the Norman conquest . This body of law , along with early Scandinavian law and Germanic law , descended from a family of ancient Germanic custom and legal thought . However , Anglo-Saxon law codes are distinct from other early Germanic legal statements - known as the leges barbarorum - in part because they were written in Anglo-Saxon , instead of in Latin . The laws of the Anglo-Saxons were the second in medieval Western Europe after those of the Irish to be expressed in a language other than Latin .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3fe7eafe7002118de53e42adcbdae585", "text": "Richard de Clare, Steward of Forest of Essex Richard de Clare ( after 1281 -- 10 May 1318 ) 1st Lord Clare was the son of Thomas de Clare , Lord of Thomond and Juliana FitzGerald . A descendant of Strongbow , he succeeded his older brother , Gilbert , in 1308 as Lord of Thomond . In 1309 , and then again between 1312 and 1316 , he was sheriff of Cork . Forced to put down a number of rebellions , he was eventually killed while commanding his forces at the Battle of Dysert O'Dea near what is now Ennis , County Clare . According to legend , the day before his death , Richard de Clare beheld a woman dressed in white on the river 's edge washing bloody clothing and armor . When he asked whose clothes they were , she replied , `` yours , '' and then vanished . This woman was believed to be a banshee foretelling his death the next day when he lay dead with his clothes caked in blood on the battlefield of Dysert O'Dea ( Lewis Spence , The Magical Arts in Celtic Britain 81 ( 1999 ) ) . Richard was succeeded by his son Thomas , who was born in 1318 and died three years later . A series of inquisitions post mortem that were held following a writ issued on 10 April 1321 established that Thomas ' heirs were his father 's sisters ; Margaret , the wife of Bartholomew de Badlesmere and Maud , the wife of Sir Robert de Welle . As well as stewardship of the Forest of Essex , Thomas ' estate included numerous properties in Ireland .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fba1d8e638b5a3d87c2abb5121347e47", "text": "Richard III (1912 film) Richard III is a 55-minute film adaptation of Shakespeare 's play , starring Frederick Warde as the title character . The 1912 film , a French/U . S. international co-production , was produced by Film d'Art and released through the independent states rights film distribution system . The film was co-directed by French film director André Calmettes , who had previously directed the films The Assassination of the Duke of Guise ( 1908 ) , La Tosca ( 1909 -- based on the play by Victorien Sardou ) , and La Dame aux Camélias ( 1910 ) with Sarah Bernhardt . Richard III was adapted from Shakespeare 's original and Colley Cibber 's 1699 adaptation by playwright James Keane , who also served as co-director and actor ( playing Richmond ) . The film was shot around Westchester , New York and City Island Long Island Sound .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5987958d31d441c3dfff5b8a686a544a", "text": "Richard de Morville (Conquest) Richard de Morville ( fl . c. 1066 ) , also called Hugh de Moreville , was a noble of Normandy and Norman England . A Hugh de Moreville is said to have come over with William the Conqueror . However , according to Professor G. W. S. Barrow , an expert on this period of history , his name was not Hugh , but Richard : `` The commune of Morville in the canton of Bricquebec is about four km south of Valognes , about 25 km south of Cherbourg . This family , evidently of knightly rank , was proprietarial enough to take a surname from the village belonging to the same class of minor but substantial gentry or petty nobility as the Bruces who lived not too far from them . It seems probable that the father of the first Hugh de Morville and William was the Richard de Morville who witnessed charters by Richard de Redvers of Montebourg and the church of St. Mary in the castle of Néhou in the early twelfth century . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5247cf0196ebc75ca4b482ff8db8c88d", "text": "Richard of Bordeaux Richard of Bordeaux ( 1932 ) is a play by `` Gordon Daviot '' , a pseudonym for Elizabeth MacKintosh , best known by another of her pen names , Josephine Tey . The play tells the story of Richard II of England in a romantic fashion , emphasizing the relationship between Richard and his first wife , Queen Anne of Bohemia . The play was a major hit in 1933 , playing a significant role in turning its director and leading man John Gielgud into a major star . Audiences found its portrayal of medieval characters speaking like modern people refreshing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c48e1ee4f18f7a6761b813d4faec7f81", "text": "Richard of Lincoln (illegitimate son of Henry I of England) Richard of Lincoln ( b. before 1101 , d. 25 November 1120 ) was the illegitimate son of Henry I of England , born to Henry and a woman named Ansfride , widow of Aanskill ( origins unknown ) . She is often referred to as Henry 's third mistress . Richard was brought up and educated by Robert Bloet , the Bishop of Lincoln . Bloet had also educated Richard 's half-brother Robert , 1st Earl of Gloucester . Richard is sometimes confused with Richard de Lincoln , an Anglo-Norman prelate who died in 1203 . Richard supported his father in his war with Louis VI of France , although it is unclear at what point he joined the fight with the English forces . According to Orderic Vitalis , he avoided capture by French forces at Les Andelys in 1119 through the help of Ralph the Red of Pont-Echanfray . He continued to fight at his father 's side during the sieged the castle of Évreux being held by Henry 's most detested enemy , Amaury III de Montfort . His last known military adventure was at the battle of Brémule on 20 August 1119 , for which the decisive win by the English led to Louis ' accepting Richard 's half-brother William Adelin as Duke of Normandy . In 1120 , Richard became betrothed to Amice , the daughter of the defender of Brémule , Raoul II de Gael , seigneur of Gael and Montfort , son of Ralph de Gael , Earl of East Anglia . The marriage never took place as Richard died in the wreck of the White Ship on 25 November 1120 . Amice did not accompany him and lived until 1168 , marrying the king 's ward Robert de Beaumont , 2nd Earl of Leicester , and one of many descendents included Ida de Tosny , a mistress of Henry II Curtmantle , King of England .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "062911e4e60ae8a7d0088d02e13edc7f", "text": "Treaty of Paris (1259) The Treaty of Paris ( also known as the Treaty of Albeville ) was a treaty between Louis IX of France and Henry III of England , agreed to on December 4 , 1259 ending 100 years of conflicts between Capetian and Plantagenet dynasties . In 1204 , Philip II of France had forced King John out of continental Normandy enforcing his 1202 claim that the lands were forfeit . Despite the 1217 Treaty of Lambeth , hostilities continued between the successive Kings of France and England until 1259 . Under the Treaty , Henry acknowledged loss of the Duchy of Normandy . However Philip had failed in his attempts to occupy the Norman islands in the Channel . The treaty held that `` islands ( if any ) which the King of England should hold '' , he would retain `` as peer of France and Duke of Aquitaine '' . ( These islands came to be collectively called the Channel Islands , consisting of Jersey , Guernsey , Alderney , Sark and some smaller islands . ) Henry agreed to renounce control of Maine , Anjou and Poitou , which had been lost under the reign of King John but remained Duke of Aquitaine and was able to keep the lands of Gascony and parts of Aquitaine but only as a vassal to Louis . In exchange , Louis withdrew his support for English rebels . He also ceded to Henry the bishoprics and cities of Limoges , Cahors and Périgueux and was to pay an annual rent for possession of Agenais .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e1479e41093d1a60c50eb8954aeceb45", "text": "Early modern period The early modern period of modern history follows the late Middle Ages of the post-classical era . Although the chronological limits of the period are open to debate , the timeframe spans the period after the late portion of the post-classical age ( c. 1500 ) , known as the Middle Ages , through the beginning of the Age of Revolutions ( c. 1800 ) and is variously demarcated by historians as beginning with the Fall of Constantinople in 1453 , with the Renaissance period , and with the Age of Discovery ( especially with the voyages of Christopher Columbus beginning in 1492 , but also with Vasco da Gama 's discovery of the sea route to the East in 1498 ) , and ending around the French Revolution in 1789 . Historians in recent decades have argued that from a worldwide standpoint , the most important feature of the early modern period was its globalizing character . The period witnessed the exploration and colonization of the Americas and the rise of sustained contacts between previously isolated parts of the globe . The historical powers became involved in global trade , as the exchange of goods , plants , animals , and food crops extended to the Old World and the New World . The Columbian Exchange greatly affected the human environment . New economies and institutions emerged , becoming more sophisticated and globally articulated over the course of the early modern period . This process began in the medieval North Italian city-states , particularly Genoa , Venice , and Milan . The early modern period also included the rise of the dominance of the economic theory of mercantilism . The European colonization of the Americas , Asia , and Africa occurred during the 15th to 19th centuries , and spread Christianity around the world . The early modern trends in various regions of the world represented a shift away from medieval modes of organization , politically and economically . Feudalism declined in Europe , while the period also included the Protestant Reformation , the disastrous Thirty Years ' War , the Commercial Revolution , the European colonization of the Americas , and the Golden Age of Piracy . By the 16th century the economy under the Ming Dynasty was stimulated by trade with the Portuguese , the Spanish , and the Dutch , while Japan engaged in the Nanban trade after the arrival of the first European Portuguese during the Azuchi-Momoyama period . Other notable trends of the early modern period include the development of experimental science , accelerated travel due to improvements in mapping and ship design , increasingly rapid technological progress , secularized civic politics , and the emergence of nation states . Historians typically date the end of the early modern period when the French Revolution of the 1790s began the `` modern '' period .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c92e2aa20923dcd87fe52d51ce4c66fc", "text": "Duke of Bedford Duke of Bedford ( named after Bedford , England ) is a title that has been created six times ( for five distinct people ) in the Peerage of England . The first and second creations came in 1414 in favour of Henry IV 's third son , John , who later served as regent of France . He was made Earl of Kendal at the same time and was made Earl of Richmond later the same year . The titles became extinct on his death in 1435 . The third creation came in 1470 in favour of George Neville , nephew of Warwick the Kingmaker . He was deprived of the title by Act of Parliament in 1478 . The fourth creation came 1478 in favour of George , the third son of Edward IV . He died the following year at the age of two . The fifth creation came in 1485 in favour of Jasper Tudor , half-brother of Henry VI and uncle of Henry VII . He had already been created Earl of Pembroke in 1452 . However , as he was a Lancastrian , his title was forfeited between 1461 and 1485 during the predominance of the House of York . He regained the earldom in 1485 when his nephew Henry VII came to the throne and was elevated to the dukedom the same year . He had no legitimate children and the titles became extinct on his death in 1495 . The Russell family currently holds the titles of Earl and Duke of Bedford . John Russell , a close advisor of Henry VIII and Edward VI , was granted the title of Earl of Bedford in 1551 , and his descendant William , 5th Earl , was created Duke following the Glorious Revolution . The subsidiary titles of the Duke of Bedford , all in the Peerage of England , are Marquess of Tavistock ( created 1694 ) , Earl of Bedford ( 1550 ) , Baron Russell , of Cheneys ( 1539 ) , Baron Russell of Thornhaugh in the County of Northampton ( 1603 ) , and Baron Howland , of Streatham in the County of Surrey ( 1695 ) ( and possibly the Barony of Bedford , which was merged into it in 1138 , 1366 or 1414 ) . The courtesy title of the Duke of Bedford 's eldest son and heir is Marquess of Tavistock '' . Every Duke from the 5th Duke onwards is descended from Charles II of England . The family seat is Woburn Abbey , Bedfordshire . The private mausoleum and chapel of the Russell Family and the Dukes of Bedford is at St. Michael 's Church in Chenies , Buckinghamshire ( photo ) . The family owns The Bedford Estate in central London .", "title": "" } ]	fever
0234c4f3f42939be93654420911182af	Peggy Sue Got Married was directed by Francis Ford Coppola.	[ { "docid": "1ea0bf4fc8e60309a9655952da50b6bb", "text": "Peggy Sue Got Married Peggy Sue Got Married is a 1986 American comedy-drama film directed by Francis Ford Coppola starring Kathleen Turner as a woman on the verge of a divorce , who finds herself transported back to the days of her senior year in high school in 1960 . The film was written by husband and wife team Jerry Leichtling and Arlene Sarner . The film was nominated for three Academy Awards : Best Actress ( Turner ) , Best Cinematography , and Best Costume Design . In addition , Turner was nominated for Best Foreign Actress at the Sant Jordi Awards .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "48a8b0fed7b33c840440e6fd7298ccca", "text": "Easy Rider Easy Rider is a 1969 American road movie written by Peter Fonda , Dennis Hopper , and Terry Southern , produced by Fonda and directed by Hopper . It tells the story of two bikers ( played by Fonda and Hopper ) who travel through the American Southwest and South after selling a large score of cocaine . The success of Easy Rider helped spark the New Hollywood era of filmmaking during the early 1970s . The film was added to the Library of Congress National Film Registry in 1998 . A landmark counterculture film , and a `` touchstone for a generation '' that `` captured the national imagination '' , Easy Rider explores the societal landscape , issues , and tensions in the United States during the 1960s , such as the rise and fall of the hippie movement , drug use , and communal lifestyle . In Easy Rider , real drugs were used in scenes showing the use of marijuana and other substances .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6f48051558ea294bec010466d3d3f9cc", "text": "Sam Coppola Sam Coppola ( July 31 , 1932 -- February 5 , 2012 ) was an American actor . He appeared in almost 70 films , beginning in 1968 , but may be best remembered for his role as Dan Fusco , owner of the Bay Ridge , Brooklyn , hardware and paint store , in Saturday Night Fever , who gave John Travolta 's character sage but salty advice in the classic 1977 film . Later in his career , Coppola made a brief but memorable appearance on The Sopranos as the idiosyncratic family therapist of Jennifer Melfi . Coppola was a cop in Serpico ( 1973 ) , starring Al Pacino , and a detective in Fatal Attraction ( 1987 ) , starring Michael Douglas and Glenn Close . His many TV credits include The Practice , The Good Wife , Law & Order , The Sopranos , Ryan 's Hope and the 2001 A&E movie The Big Heist , in which he portrayed mob boss Paul Castellano . Coppola , no relation to film director Francis Ford Coppola , played a nursing home resident in a Chevy commercial that aired during 2011 's Super Bowl and a hot dog vendor in a Ball Park Franks spot starring Michael Jordan . Coppola , a 38-year resident of Leonia , also had many stage roles . He played the hobo Vladimir in a 2005 off-Broadway production of `` Waiting for Godot '' and an aging real estate salesman , Aaronow , in a 2000 production of Glengarry Glen Ross at the McCarter Theatre in Princeton . Coppola died February 5 , 2012 from an aneurysm , and was predeceased by his wife , Helen . He is survived by his children , Jason Coppola of Brooklyn and Samantha Coppola of Bogota , and three grandchildren .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b4ff03665db82043f82dd5b20c652f94", "text": "Divorce American Style Divorce American Style is a 1967 American satirical comedy film directed by Bud Yorkin and starring Dick Van Dyke , Debbie Reynolds , Jean Simmons , Jason Robards and Van Johnson . Norman Lear produced the film and wrote the script based on a story by Robert Kaufman . It focuses on a married couple that opts for divorce when counseling fails to help them resolve their various problems , and the problems presented to divorced people by alimony . The title is an homage to Divorce Italian Style ( 1961 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2931e25fff6e0be7c99c4af8a6f29c47", "text": "Come Home and Meet My Wife Romanzo popolare ( internationally released as Come Home and Meet My Wife ) is a 1973 Italian comedy drama film directed by Mario Monicelli . The film won the David di Donatello for Best Script .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dae246575c54091cbcc1f81b4116a3d1", "text": "In the Pope's Eye In the Pope 's Eye ( Il pap ` occhio ) is a 1980 Italian comedy film written and directed by Renzo Arbore . It was released in September 1980 , and it was heavily attacked by the Catholic press . Three weeks later it was confiscated `` for insulting the Catholic religion and the person of the Holy Pope '' on the orders of the L'Aquila prosecutor Donato Massimo Bartolomei . The film grossed 5 billion lire being the 5th best grossing film in Italy in the 1980/1981 season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8bf44d7a2faacfe40846cc0c1337bb6f", "text": "Donnie Brasco (film) Donnie Brasco is a 1997 American crime drama film directed by Mike Newell , and starring Al Pacino and Johnny Depp . Michael Madsen , Bruno Kirby , James Russo , and Anne Heche appeared in supporting roles . The film is based on the true story of Joseph D. Pistone ( Depp ) , an FBI undercover agent who infiltrated the Mafia Bonanno crime family in New York City during the 1970s , under the alias Donnie Brasco , a.k.a. `` The Jewel Man '' . Brasco maneuvers his way into the confidence of an aging hit-man , Lefty Ruggiero ( Pacino ) , who vouches for him . As Donnie moves deeper into the Mafia , he realizes that not only is he crossing the line between federal agent and criminal , but also leading his friend Lefty to an almost certain death . It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay . The adaptation of the book by Joseph D. Pistone and Richard Woodley was by screenwriter Paul Attanasio . The film was a box office success , earning $ 124.9 million against a $ 35 million budget , and receiving critical acclaim .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1425d06fad5d0e474a434b4de838adab", "text": "Double Harness Double Harness ( 1933 ) is an American Pre-Code film starring Ann Harding and William Powell . It was based on the play of the same name by Edward Poor Montgomery . A young woman maneuvers a lazy playboy into marrying her . On 4 April and 11 April 2007 , Turner Classic Movies premiered several films produced by Merian C. Cooper at RKO but out of distribution for more than 50 years . According to TCM host Robert Osborne , Cooper agreed to a legal settlement with RKO in 1946 , after accusing RKO of not giving him all the money due him from his RKO producer 's contract in the 1930s . The settlement gave Cooper complete ownership of six RKO titles . Among the titles are Rafter Romance ( 1933 ) with Ginger Rogers , Double Harness , The Right to Romance ( 1933 ) , One Man 's Journey ( 1933 ) with Lionel Barrymore , Stingaree ( 1934 ) , Living on Love ( 1937 ) , and A Man to Remember ( 1938 ) . According to an interview with a retired RKO executive , used as a promo on TCM for the premiere , Cooper allowed the films to be shown in 1955-1956 in a limited re-release and only in New York City .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2bbf368e2268f48c62ea2becf8fc31d7", "text": "Carlo Mazzone-Clementi Carlo Mazzone-Clementi ( 12 December 1920 -- 5 November 2000 ) was a performer and founder of two schools of commedia , mime and physical theater as well as a contemporary and colleague of leaders of modern European theater . From his arrival in the USA in 1957 , he was largely responsible for the spreading of commedia dell ` arte in North America . He first gained attention in Italy in 1947 alongside Marcel Marceau in the mime 's first tour outside of Paris . From 1948 to 1951 , he assisted Jacques Lecoq , while Lecoq taught and directed the Players of Padua University . In 1954 , Mazzone-Clementi was at Piccolo Teatro di Milano with Dario Fo and Franca Rame . While he was performing with Piccolo Teatro as well as teaching in Rome , the American theatre scholar and director Eric Bentley came to Italy to direct the Padua Players company in the first Italian production of Bertolt Brecht . Then , with Bentley 's patronage , Mazzone-Clementi toured the United States in 1958 , conducting workshops in mime and commedia , and introducing the leather masks of Amleto Sartori to this country . That led to a teaching assignment at the Carnegie Institute of Technology , followed by Brandeis University , the University of California at Berkeley , the American Conservatory Theater and others . He was known as Carlo Mazzone until 1965 when he worked with the new acting ensemble at the Theatre of Lincoln Center . From then on he was known as Carlo Mazzone-Clementi . Clementi was the name of his mother and his grandfather , Girolamo Clementi , who was versed in the work of Paduan playwright and forerunner of commedia dell ` arte , Angelo Beolco , known as `` Ruzzante . '' In 1972 , Mazzone-Clementi and his wife Jane Hill , a graduate of Carnegie-Mellon , went to Humboldt County , California to conduct summer workshops at their rural property . From this experience came the decision to re-locate permanently in Humboldt and to establish a full-time actor training program . In 1974 , the couple purchased the Oddfellows Hall in Blue Lake , California and co-founded the Dell ' Arte School of Mime and Comedy , now known as the Dell ` Arte International School of Physical Theatre . Hill also joined the faculty at College of the Redwoods , where the pair created the Grand Comedy Festival at Qual-a-wa-loo , a summer repertory festival that produced plays of Shakespeare in rotation with musical adaptations of those plays ; Mazzone-Clementi served as the festival 's artistic director for six years . In 1974 their article , `` Commedia and the Actor '' was published in The Drama Review TDR ( journal ) . Mazzone-Clementi moved to Copenhagen , Denmark in 1984 and founded a second sister theater school there , named the Commedia School . In 1994 returned to California and continued teaching until shortly before his death on 5 November 2000 in San Francisco .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cfa4ec12fb1e6019b069e2b53cd8f9fd", "text": "Rita, Sue and Bob Too Rita , Sue and Bob Too is a 1987 British comedy-drama film directed by Alan Clarke , set in Bradford , about two teenaged schoolgirls who have a sexual fling with a married man . It was adapted by Andrea Dunbar , based on two of her stage plays ; Rita Sue and Bob Too ( 1982 ) and The Arbor ( 1980 ) , which was first performed at the Royal Court Theatre , London . The strapline of the film was : `` Thatcher 's Britain with her knickers down . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b069f5970d9c8f67de4a7fadf7abd69b", "text": "Dee Caruso Dee Caruso ( April 7 , 1929 -- May 27 , 2012 ) was an American television and film screenwriter and television producer , whose credits included Get Smart , The Monkees and The Smothers Brothers Show . Caruso and his longtime writing partner , Gerald Gardner , frequently collaborated on projects . The writing duo were the head writers for the 1960s television comedy series , Get Smart . Caruso began his career by writing for stand-up comedians at nightclubs , including Don Adams and Allen & Rossi , the comedy team of Marty Allen and Steve Rossi . Caruso and writing partner , Gerald Gardner , were head writers for Get Smart . They duo continued to collaborate on projects throughout their career . Caruso and Gardner wrote 22 episodes of The Monkees , which aired from 1966 to 1968 . In 1965 , Caruso and Gardner were part of the writing staff which won an Emmy for their work on David Frost 's That Was The Week That Was . They co-produced The Red Skelton Show . Together , they wrote other episodes of The Smothers Brothers Show , What 's Happening !! , The Ghost & Mrs. Muir , Happy Days and The Bill Cosby Show . Caruso and Gardner co-wrote a 1966 episode of Gilligan 's Island , `` The Producer , '' which guest starred Phil Silvers . Caruso and Gardner co-wrote television specials for Jerry Lewis , Bill Cosby , Robin Williams , Debbie Reynolds , Don Rickles and Jack Benny . Additionally , the pair wrote several television films , including Break Up , which starred Bernadette Peters in 1973 ; and How to Break Up a Happy Divorce , a 1976 NBC television movie starring Barbara Eden , which the duo also produced . Dee Caruso and Gardner also worked on several feature film projects . They co-wrote Which Way to the Front ? , a 1970 satirical war flick starring Jerry Lewis ; The World 's Greatest Athlete , a 1973 Walt Disney production starring John Amos and Jan-Michael Vincent ; and Doin ' Time , a 1985 Warner Brothers film . Caruso and his wife , Sandra Caruso , co-taught a class , called `` What 's Funny , What 's Not , '' for ten years at the UCLA Extension Writers ' Program . Caruso then became a screenwriting professor at the UCLA School of Theater , Film and Television , where he taught for more than twenty years . Dee Caruso died of pneumonia at his home in Brentwood , Los Angeles , on May 27 , 2012 , at the age of 83 . He was survived by his wife of 47 years , Sandra Caruso . His memorial service was held at the Pierce Brothers Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery in Los Angeles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "33033e3287bce8b7518e7231159a8be7", "text": "Cara sposa Cara sposa ( Dear Wife ) is a 1977 Italian comedy film directed by Pasquale Festa Campanile .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e12c01ec5d937a6359337803ad52c49", "text": "Carmela Corleone Carmela Corleone ( 1897 -- 1959 ) , a fictional character in Mario Puzo 's The Godfather , is the wife of Don Vito Corleone . Carmela is portrayed by Italian-American Morgana King in Francis Ford Coppola 's film adaptation of the novel , as well as in The Godfather Part II . King is better known as a singer and is given a brief chance to display her vocal skills in the wedding reception scene of The Godfather when she sings the song `` Luna Mezz ' O Mare '' . Although King was born Maria Grazia Morgana Messina in Pleasantville , New York , her parents were `` from Fiumefreddo di Sicilia , Province of Catania , Sicily , Italy . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "febe3a584d250537fad84f516042992d", "text": "It Started in Naples It Started in Naples is an American romantic comedy film made by Paramount Pictures and released in August 1960 . It was directed by Melville Shavelson and produced by Jack Rose from a screenplay by Suso Cecchi d'Amico based on the story by Michael Pertwee and Jack Davies . The Technicolor cinematography was by Robert Surtees . The film stars Clark Gable , Sophia Loren , Vittorio De Sica and an Italian cast .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c54ca935c220323e07501c78a76f6a80", "text": "Marion Davies Marion Cecilia Davies ( née Douras January 3 , 1897 -- September 22 , 1961 ) was an American film actress , producer , screenwriter , and philanthropist . Davies was already building a solid reputation as a film comedian when newspaper tycoon William Randolph Hearst , with whom she had begun a romantic relationship , took over management of her career . Hearst financed Davies ' pictures , promoted her heavily through his newspapers and Hearst Newsreels , and pressured studios to cast her in historical dramas for which she was ill-suited . For this reason , Davies is better remembered today as Hearst 's mistress and the hostess of many lavish events for the Hollywood elite . In particular , her name is linked with the 1924 scandal aboard Hearst 's yacht when one of his guests , film producer Thomas Ince , died . In the film Citizen Kane ( 1941 ) , the title character 's second wife -- an untalented singer whom he tries to promote -- was widely assumed to be based on Davies . But many commentators , including Citizen Kane writer/director Orson Welles himself , have defended Davies ' record as a gifted actress , to whom Hearst 's patronage did more harm than good . She retired from the screen in 1937 , choosing to devote herself to Hearst and charitable work . In Hearst 's declining years , Davies provided financial as well as emotional support until his death in 1951 . She married for the first time eleven weeks after his death , a marriage which lasted until Davies died of stomach cancer in 1961 at the age of 64 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "66481268c10e403d0b169816f8290146", "text": "Coleman Francis Coleman C. Francis ( January 24 , 1919 -- January 15 , 1973 ) was an American actor , writer , producer , and director . He was best known for his film trilogy consisting of The Beast of Yucca Flats ( 1961 ) , The Skydivers ( 1963 ) , Red Zone Cuba ( 1966 ) , all three of which were filmed in the general Santa Clarita , California area and used preoccupation with light aircraft and parachuting , coffee or cigarettes serving as a prop or a center of conversation , and a vigilante-style gunning down of suspects without a trial to conclude the film as frequent motifs . All three films have gained notoriety as a result of their appearances on Mystery Science Theater 3000 , and have been often criticized for their abysmal production values , repetitive plot devices , murky picture quality , and stilted acting . Some critics have characterized Francis ' films among the all-time worst , even suggesting that he may surpass Ed Wood in terms of ineptitude .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d32b0a41b0769eeb5aba774729f08a8d", "text": "Married and in Love Married and in Love is a 1940 film directed by John Farrow .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "de4768b24a6f1ca7d782aa14997d00a5", "text": "American Gigolo American Gigolo is a 1980 American romantic crime film written and directed by Paul Schrader , and starring Richard Gere , Lauren Hutton , Hector Elizondo , Nina Van Pallandt and Bill Duke . It tells the story of Julian Kaye , a high-price male escort in Los Angeles who becomes romantically involved with a prominent politician 's wife while simultaneously becoming the prime suspect in a murder case . The film is notable for establishing Gere as a leading man , and was one of the first mainstream Hollywood films to include frontal male nudity from its main star . It is also notable for its accompanying soundtrack , composed by Giorgio Moroder and featuring the number-one hit single `` Call Me '' by Blondie . Schrader considers it one of four similar films , which he calls `` double bookends '' : Taxi Driver , bookended by Light Sleeper , and American Gigolo bookended by The Walker .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "68383b7c4908e681678c625c607f2912", "text": "To Find a Man To Find a Man is a 1972 American comedy-drama film directed by Buzz Kulik . It was entered into the 1972 Cannes Film Festival . The film introduced actress Pamela Sue Martin .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8881afffee9ce63fc03e8d629ea60f46", "text": "Chris Coppola Christopher `` Chris '' Coppola is an American actor , voice artist , and comedian . He is best known for such movies as Friday the 13th , Far Cry , Postal , Loveless in Los Angeles , The Polar Express , and Beowulf . He also voiced Dancer in Santa Buddies and appeared in the episode `` Tailgate '' on the sitcom How I Met Your Mother .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64daf635e0704799258b62ebaea7c666", "text": "Art film An art film is typically a serious , independent film aimed at a niche market rather than a mass market audience . An art film is `` intended to be a serious artistic work , often experimental and not designed for mass appeal '' ; they are `` made primarily for aesthetic reasons rather than commercial profit '' , and they contain `` unconventional or highly symbolic content '' . Film critics and film studies scholars typically define an art film as possessing `` formal qualities that mark them as different from mainstream Hollywood films '' , which can include , among other elements , a sense of social realism ; an emphasis on the authorial expressiveness of the director ; and a focus on the thoughts , dreams , or motivations of characters , as opposed to the unfolding of a clear , goal-driven story . Film scholar David Bordwell describes art cinema as `` a film genre , with its own distinct conventions '' . Art film producers usually present their films at specialty theatres ( repertory cinemas , or , in the U.S. , `` arthouse cinemas '' ) and film festivals . The term art film is much more widely used in the United States , the UK and Australia than in Europe , where the term is more associated with `` auteur '' films and `` national cinema '' ( e.g. , German national cinema ) . Because they are aimed at small niche market audiences , they can rarely get the financial backing that will permit large production budgets , expensive special effects , costly celebrity actors , or huge advertising campaigns , as are used in widely released mainstream blockbuster films . Art film directors make up for these constraints by creating a different type of film , which typically uses lesser-known film actors ( or even amateur actors ) and modest sets to make films that focus much more on developing ideas or exploring new narrative techniques or film-making conventions . A certain degree of experience and knowledge are required to fully understand or appreciate such films . One mid-1990s art film was called `` largely a cerebral experience '' that one enjoys `` because of what you know about film '' . This contrasts sharply with mainstream `` blockbuster '' films , which are geared more towards escapism and pure entertainment . For promotion , art films rely on the publicity generated from film critics ' reviews , discussion of their film by arts columnists , commentators and bloggers , and `` word-of-mouth '' promotion by audience members . Since art films have small initial investment costs , they only need to appeal to a small portion of the mainstream viewing audiences to become financially viable .", "title": "" } ]	fever
2a3f01e91a989405c9cf1c16c77679bd	Diana Ross received a Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2016 for her musical career.	[ { "docid": "56b438faf03f8c782f84fe90476c79c2", "text": "Diana Ross Diane Ernestine Earle Ross ( born March 26 , 1944 ) is an American singer , songwriter , actress , and record producer . Born and raised in Detroit , Michigan , Ross rose to fame as the lead singer of the vocal group The Supremes , which , during the 1960s , became Motown 's most successful act , and is to this day the United States ' most successful vocal group , as well as one of the world 's best-selling girl groups of all time . Ross ' success as lead singer of The Supremes made it possible for future African-American R&B and soul acts to find mainstream success . The group released a record-setting twelve number-one hit singles on the US Billboard Hot 100 , including `` Where Did Our Love Go '' , `` Baby Love '' , `` Come See About Me '' , `` Stop ! In the Name of Love '' , `` You Ca n't Hurry Love '' , `` You Keep Me Hangin ' On '' , `` Love Child '' , and `` Someday We 'll Be Together '' . Following her departure from The Supremes in 1970 , Ross released her eponymous debut solo album that same year , which contained the Top 20 Pop hit `` Reach Out and Touch ( Somebody 's Hand ) '' and the number-one Pop hit `` Ai n't No Mountain High Enough '' . She later released the album Touch Me in the Morning in 1973 ; its title track reached number 1 , as her second solo hit . That same year , her album `` Lady Sings The Blues '' , which was the original soundtrack of her film based on the life of jazz singer Billie Holiday , went to no. 1 on the Billboard Hot 200 Albums Chart , selling more than 300,000 copies within its first 8 days of release . By 1975 , the Mahogany soundtrack included her third number-one hit , `` Theme from Mahogany ( Do You Know Where You 're Going To ) '' . Her eponymous 1976 album included her fourth number-one hit , `` Love Hangover '' . In 1979 , Ross released the album The Boss . Her 1980 semi-eponymous album Diana reached number 2 on the US Billboard albums chart , and spawned the number-one hit `` Upside Down '' , and the international hit `` I 'm Coming Out '' . After leaving Motown , Ross achieved her sixth and final US number-one Pop hit , with the duet `` Endless Love '' , composed for the Brooke Shields film of the same name , by and performed with former Commodores front man , Lionel Richie . Ross and Richie performed the song on the telecast for the 54th Academy Awards , where the song was nominated in the category of `` Best Song '' . Ross has also ventured into acting , with a Golden Globe Award and Academy Award-nominated performance for her performance in the film Lady Sings the Blues ( 1972 ) . She also starred in two other films , Mahogany ( 1975 ) and The Wiz ( 1978 ) , later acting in the television films Out of Darkness ( 1994 ) , for which she also was nominated for a Golden Globe Award , and Double Platinum ( 1999 ) . Ross was named the `` Female Entertainer of the Century '' by Billboard magazine . In 1993 , the Guinness Book of World Records declared Ross the most successful female music artist in history , due to her success in the United States and United Kingdom for having more hits than any female artist in the charts , with a career total of 70 hit singles with her work with the Supremes and as a solo artist . Ross has sold more than 100 million records worldwide , when her releases with the Supremes and as a solo artist are tallied . In 1988 , Ross was inducted to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as member of the Supremes , alongside Mary Wilson and Florence Ballard . She was the recipient of the Kennedy Center Honors in 2007 , and the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2016 . She is a 12-time Grammy nominee , never earning a competitive honor , but later became the recipient of the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 2012 . In December 2016 , Billboard magazine named her the 50th most successful dance artist of all time .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "1abc3137d140c349d91224000f971c11", "text": "Faithless electors in the United States presidential election, 2016 In the 2016 United States presidential election , seven members of the U.S. Electoral College voted for a different candidate than whom they were pledged to vote . The Democratic Party nominee , Hillary Clinton , lost five of her pledged electors while the Republican Party nominee and then president-elect , Donald Trump , lost two . Three of the faithless electors voted for Colin Powell while John Kasich , Ron Paul , Bernie Sanders , and Faith Spotted Eagle each received one vote . Three additional electors initially voted against their Clinton pledge but had their votes invalidated according to local statutes , so they were replaced or forced to vote again . The defections fell well short of the number needed to change the result of the election ; only two of the seven defected from the presumptive winner , when 37 were needed to change the outcome . Although there had been a combined total of 157 instances of individual electors voting faithlessly in over two centuries of previous US presidential elections , 2016 was a year in which multiple groups of electors worked to alter the result of the election in order to `` vote their conscience for the good of America '' in accordance with Alexander Hamilton 's Federalist Paper No. 68 . 2016 was also the first year since 1960 when one of the electors actively worked to change the election . Electors were subjected to public pressure , up to and including death threats . Seven electors successfully cast faithless ballots for president , the most to defect from presidential candidates who were still alive in Electoral College history , surpassing the six electors who defected from James Madison in the 1808 election . Historically , this number of defections has been exceeded only in cases where the presidential candidate was no longer living at the time the electors cast their ballots : the seven faithless presidential votes in 2016 falls well short of the record set in 1872 , when 63 of 66 electors originally pledged to losing candidate Horace Greeley cast their votes for someone else ( Greeley had died between election day and the meeting of the Electoral College ) . The six faithless vice-presidential votes in 2016 is also short of the record for that office , without considering whether the vice-presidential candidates were still living , as multiple previous elections have had more than six faithless vice-presidential votes ; in 1836 , faithless electors successfully moved the vice-presidential decision to the U.S. Senate .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c2881e569d5d63d1f7868775f0ddbd90", "text": "American Music Award for Favorite Country Female Artist The American Music Award for Favorite Country Female Artist ( now titled Favorite Female Artist - Country ) has been awarded since 1974 . Years reflect the year in which the American Music Awards were presented , for works released in the previous year ( until 2003 onward when awards were handed out on November of the same year ) . The all-time winner in this category is Reba McEntire with ten ( ' 88 ' , ' 89 , ' 90 , ' 91 , ' 92 , ' 93 , ' 94 , ' 95 , ' 98 , ' 04 ) wins stretching across three decades . McEntire was also the first woman to win the award 8 years in a row . Second place belongs to Barbara Mandrell ( ' 81 , ' 82 , ' 83 , ' 84 , ' 85 , ' 87 ) and Taylor Swift ( ' 08 , ' 09 , ' 10 , ' 11 , ' 12 , ' 13 ) , who both won the award six times . Tied in third place are Faith Hill ( ' 01 , ' 02 , ' 03 , and ' 06 ) , Shania Twain ( ' 96 , ' 97 , ' 99 , and ' 00 ) , and Carrie Underwood ( ' 07 , ' 14 , ' 15 , and ' 16 ) , who have each won 4 times , respectively . Crystal Gayle ( ' 79 , ' 80 , and ' 86 ) has won three times .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d403ba95538df951631b910094752a5", "text": "Grammy Award for Best New Artist The Grammy Award for Best New Artist has been awarded since 1959 . Years reflect the year in which the Grammy Awards were handed out , for records released in the previous year . The award was not presented in 1967 . The official guidelines are as follows : `` For a new artist who releases , during the Eligibility Year , the first recording which establishes the public identity of that artist . '' Note that this is not necessarily the first album released by an artist . It is sometimes asserted , with varying degrees of sincerity , that winning the award is a curse , as several award winners ( particularly from the late 1970s and early 1980s ) were never able to duplicate the success they experienced in their debut year . This viewpoint was expressed by former Starland Vocal Band member Taffy Danoff in a 2002 interview for VH1 's 100 Greatest One Hit Wonders : `` We got two of the five Grammys -- one was Best New Artist . So that was basically the kiss of death and I feel sorry for everyone who 's gotten it since . '' The category is also notable for being the only one of its kind in which a Grammy Award was vacated . This occurred in 1990 after it was revealed winners Milli Vanilli did not contribute their own vocals on their debut album . The award was revoked , but was not handed out to another artist . Of the 54 awards presented in the category since its inception , the honor has been presented to 25 solo female artists , 18 duos or groups , and 11 solo male artists . Between 1997 and 2003 , all the winners were solo female artists . Also , from 1993 to 2005 , no winner was a solo male artist . In 2006 , John Legend broke this trend , which started with Marc Cohn in 1992 . Only four artists have won both Best New Artist and Album of the Year in the same year : Bob Newhart in 1961 , Christopher Cross in 1981 , Lauryn Hill in 1999 and Norah Jones in 2003 . Of all the winners , only three have been country artists . In 1997 , LeAnn Rimes became the first country artist to win the award . She was followed by Carrie Underwood in 2007 and Zac Brown Band in 2010 . Additionally , 2017 marked the first time that two country artists were nominated in this category in the same year . 1984 marked the first time that all of the nominees were from outside of the United States ( Winner Culture Club , Eurythmics , and Musical Youth were from England , Big Country was from Scotland , and Men Without Hats were from Canada ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4f562b90be0b235a474d68d95d76ea98", "text": "Joy Rose Martha Joy Rose is a musician and the president and founder of Mamapalooza , a company which advocates for the value of motherhood in society . Rose is also executive director of the Motherhood Foundation , a 501c3 non-profit organization . Mamapalooza and the Motherhood Foundation have established the Museum of Motherhood in New York City , which opened in 2011 . She was a songwriter and club singer in the 1980s with two dance charts hits , `` In and Out of Love Affairs , '' and `` Sexual Voodoo , '' and founded the rock band Housewives on Prozac in 1997 , which by 2004 had recorded two live albums . She is the mother of Ali Marpet , an American football offensive lineman for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers of the National Football League ( NFL ) . In 2015 Joy was featured in Peter Freed 's Prime Book , which received international attention for challenging stereotypes about women and aging . The book features images of Christy Turlington and NBC newscaster Natalie Morales among others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "31e0c2902da52dd1f923e4530182e88b", "text": "Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Christian Music Performance/Song The Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Christian Music Performance/Song was a new category at the 2015 ceremony of the annual Grammy Awards . It combines two previously separate categories in the Gospel/Contemporary Christian Music field , Best Contemporary Christian Music Song and Best Gospel/Contemporary Christian Music Performance . The new category recognizes both songwriters and performers ( solo/duos/groups / collaborations/etc . ) and is open for singles or tracks only . Songwriters are only awarded a Grammy Award if it is a newly written song . Grammy 's for cover versions of previously recorded songs are awarded to the performer ( s ) only . Along with the also newly formed Best Gospel Performance/Song category , these mark the only Grammy categories which honor both performers and songwriters in one category . These changes were made in June 2014 by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences `` in the interest of clarifying the criteria , representing the current culture and creative DNA of the gospel and Contemporary Christian Music communities , and better reflecting the diversity and authenticity of today 's gospel music industry . '' According to the Grammy committee , the move recognizes `` the critical contribution of both songwriters and performers by combining songwriters and artists into the Best Gospel Performance/Song and Best Contemporary Christian Music Performance/Song categories . '' Gospel performances , which were previously recognized in the Best Gospel/Contemporary Christian Music Performance category , will now fall under the newly created Best Gospel Performance/Song category .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dd596eeb945eb3acf3f578dc2803b720", "text": "Diana DeGarmo Diana Nicole DeGarmo ( born June 16 , 1987 ) is an American singer/songwriter and actress . She rose to fame in 2004 as the runner-up of the third season of American Idol , releasing her debut studio album , Blue Skies , later that year . The following year , DeGarmo ventured into a career in musical theatre . She has starred in two Broadway , one off-Broadway and three national tour shows . She made her television acting debut in a six-month arc as Angelina Veneziano on The Young and the Restless . DeGarmo has since released two extended plays , Unplugged in Nashville ( 2009 ) and Live to Love ( 2012 ) . She is married to fifth season American Idol finalist Ace Young .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d84599382c32d6dd2ae245d3a051593", "text": "World Soundtrack Award – Public Choice The Public Choice Award for the Best Score of the Year is an award by the World Soundtrack Academy . Each year , the general public votes for the nominees and the award is presented at the annual World Soundtrack Awards . The category has existed since 2001 , but there was not a winner nor a vote for 2003 's ceremony . In 2016 , the International Film Music Critics Association partnered with WSA in choosing the shortlist of nominees , selecting 30 scores representing the most outstanding works . The five nominees receiving the most votes became the final candidates for the award , with the winner announced at the awards gala .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a9e9145ddebe517213726873525a453", "text": "List of awards and nominations received by Meghan Trainor American singer and songwriter Meghan Trainor has received 14 awards from 66 nominations . Trainor signed a record deal with Epic Records in 2014 and released her debut single `` All About That Bass '' , which earned her Grammy nominations for both Record of the Year , and Song of the Year . The song also earned her an ASCAP Pop Music Award and Billboard Music Awards for both Top Hot 100 Song and Top Digital Song . Trainor 's follow-up single , `` Lips Are Movin '' , earned her a nomination for Choice Break-Up song at the Teen Choice Awards . She was recognized by the Music Business Association as the Breakthrough Artist of the Year . Trainor released her major-label debut album Title the following year . It won Favorite Album at the 42nd People 's Choice Awards . In 2016 , Trainor won the Grammy Award for Best New Artist and received a nomination for Brit Award for International Female Solo Artist .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bed073c576632be5e54e9352e5226348", "text": "Ross (1983 album) Ross is a 1983 album by the American entertainer Diana Ross , her third released on the RCA label . It was released shortly before Ross gave a pair of free concerts in New York 's Central Park . The album reached # 32 on the US charts , # 14 on the US R&B charts and # 44 in the UK . It has never been reissued as a digital download . The album 's highest international chart position was in Sweden , where it reached # 7 . Five of the eight tracks were produced by Gary Katz , two by Ray Parker Jr and one by Ross . The album 's first single , `` Pieces of Ice '' , peaked at # 31 on the US charts . Subsequent singles `` Up Front '' ( US R&B # 60 , UK # 79 ) and `` Let 's Go Up '' ( US # 77 ) were also minor hits . `` Up Front '' was remixed by Jolley & Swain for its European release . The album 's final US sales were slightly higher than 250,000 copies . The album was remastered and re-released in September 2014 by Funky Town Grooves , as an `` Expanded Edition '' with bonus material .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3e2f94b5b6cd22eb4976c9706f8b461", "text": "Diana Memorial Award The Diana , Princess of Wales Memorial Award for Inspirational Young People was established in 1999 by a board chaired by the then Chancellor , Gordon Brown , who felt that the award would reflect the personal interest of Diana , Princess of Wales in supporting the outstanding achievements of young people . This award is seen as a last legacy to Diana , Princess of Wales .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "286327c8cb4b3e86c277c94e44b0c7f2", "text": "Linda Ronstadt Linda Maria Ronstadt ( born July 15 , 1946 ) is an American popular music singer . She has earned 11 Grammy Awards , three American Music Awards , two Academy of Country Music awards , an Emmy Award , and an ALMA Award , and many of her albums have been certified gold , platinum or multiplatinum in the United States and internationally . She has also earned nominations for a Tony Award and a Golden Globe award . She was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in April 2014 . On July 28 , 2014 , she was awarded the National Medal of Arts and Humanities . In total , she has released over 30 studio albums and 15 compilation or greatest hits albums . Ronstadt charted 38 Billboard Hot 100 singles , with 21 reaching the top 40 , 10 in the top 10 , three at number 2 , and `` You 're No Good '' at number 1 . This success did not translate to the UK , with only her single `` Blue Bayou '' reaching the UK Top 40 . Her duet with Aaron Neville , `` Do n't Know Much '' , peaked at number 2 in December 1989 . In addition , she has charted 36 albums , 10 top-10 albums and three number 1 albums on the Billboard Pop Album Chart . Her autobiography , Simple Dreams : A Musical Memoir , was published in September 2013 . It debuted in the Top 10 on The New York Times Best Seller list . Ronstadt has collaborated with artists in diverse genres , including Bette Midler , Billy Eckstine , Frank Zappa , Rosemary Clooney , Flaco Jiménez , Philip Glass , Warren Zevon , Emmylou Harris , Gram Parsons , Dolly Parton , Neil Young , Johnny Cash , and Nelson Riddle . She has lent her voice to over 120 albums and has sold more than 100 million records , making her one of the world 's best-selling artists of all time . Christopher Loudon , of Jazz Times , wrote in 2004 that Ronstadt is `` blessed with arguably the most sterling set of pipes of her generation . '' After completing her last live concert in late 2009 , Ronstadt retired in 2011 . She was diagnosed as having Parkinson 's disease in December 2012 , which left her unable to sing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "492bbeb7b37cbe309622dbb3ea387704", "text": "Celine Dion Céline Marie Claudette Dion , ( -LSB- ˈdiːɒn -RSB- -LSB- seˈlɪn dziˈjɔ̃ -RSB- ; born 30 March 1968 ) is a Canadian singer and businesswoman . Born into a large family from Charlemagne , Quebec , Dion emerged as a teen star in the French-speaking world after her manager and future husband René Angélil mortgaged his home to finance her first record . Dion first gained international recognition in the 1980s by winning both the 1982 Yamaha World Popular Song Festival and the 1988 Eurovision Song Contest where she represented Switzerland . Following a series of French albums during the 1980s , she signed on to Epic Records in the United States . In 1990 , Dion released her debut English-language album , Unison , establishing herself as a viable pop artist in North America and other English-speaking areas of the world . During the 1990s , with the help of Angélil , she achieved worldwide fame after releasing several English albums along with additional French albums . Her albums , Falling into You ( 1996 ) and Let 's Talk About Love ( 1997 ) , were both certified diamond in the US while D'eux ( 1995 ) became the best-selling French-language album of all time . She also scored a series of international number-one hits , including `` Nothing Broken but My Heart '' , `` The Power of Love '' , `` Think Twice '' , `` Because You Loved Me '' , `` It 's All Coming Back to Me Now '' , `` My Heart Will Go On '' , and `` I 'm Your Angel . '' However , in 1999 at the height of her success , Dion announced a hiatus from entertainment to start a family and spend time with her husband , who had been diagnosed with cancer . She returned to the top of pop music in 2002 and signed to perform nightly in A New Day ... ( 2003 -- 07 ) , a five-star theatrical show at the Colosseum at Caesars Palace , on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise , Nevada . It became the most successful residency show of all time , grossing US $ 385 million . Dion 's music has been influenced by genres ranging from rock and R&B to gospel and classical . Her recordings are mainly in French and English , although she also sings in Spanish , Italian , German , Latin , Japanese , and Mandarin Chinese . While her releases have often received mixed critical reception , she is regarded as one of pop music 's most influential voices . Dion has won five Grammy Awards , including Album of the Year and Record of the Year . She is the second best-selling female artist in the US during the Nielsen SoundScan era . In 2003 , Dion was honoured by the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry ( IFPI ) for selling over 50 million albums in Europe . Dion remains the best-selling Canadian artist and one of the best-selling artists of all time with record sales of over 200 million copies worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b79933457a12bf391402d918756e2d94", "text": "Ross Sisters The Ross Sisters were a trio of American singers and dancers comprising Betsy Ann Ross ( 1926 -- 1996 ) , Veda Victoria `` Vicki '' Ross ( 1927 -- 2002 ) , and Dixie Jewell Ross ( 1929 -- 1963 ) , who used the stage names Aggie , Maggie , and Elmira . They performed as a three-part harmony trio , who also danced and have become particularly noted for their acrobatics and contortionism . Their careers peaked during the 1940s , when they featured prominently in the 1944 film Broadway Rhythm , footage from which appeared in the 1994 compilation film That 's Entertainment ! III , and later online .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "012fcef9cc087ab935852c043b3431ae", "text": "Forever Came Today `` Forever Came Today '' is a 1967 song written and produced by the Motown collective of Holland -- Dozier -- Holland , and was first made into a hit as a single for Diana Ross & the Supremes in early 1968 . A disco version of the song was released as a single seven years later by Motown group The Jackson 5 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "15a26b0a7f8fbfb647c09f303c3b0cea", "text": "Morissette Amon Johanne Morissette Daug Amon ( born June 2 , 1996 ) , better known by her stage name , Morissette , is a Filipina singer and occasional actress . She first rose to prominence when she finished runner-up on TV5 's Star Factor at the age of 14 . In 2012 , Amon made her professional stage debut in the Repertory Philippines production of Disney 's Camp Rock . She competed in the first season of ABS-CBN 's The Voice of the Philippines in 2013 , where she became part of Sarah Geronimo 's team . Born and raised in Cebu City , Amon became a recording artist of Star Music / Star Records in early 2014 and released her first album , a self-titled album , Morissette , in March 2015 . She was tagged as `` The Next Big Diva '' . She officially became part of the ABS-CBN ' s Sunday afternoon show , ASAP , in January 2014 , as she was introduced as one of the Homegrown Divas with her whistle prowess . Presently , she is one of the ASAP 's Birit Queens . Morissette was awarded as the New Female Recording Artist of the Year by the 7th PMPC Star Awards for Music in November 2015 for her album , Morissette . She bagged the Female Artist of the Year on M.O.R. Pinoy Music Awards in August 2016 . She had her first major solo concert , which sold out , at the Music Museum on 13 August 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2dd9d3b2e7d7cabc2b8e8c0d6d8d2012", "text": "List of awards and nominations received by Missy Elliott Missy Elliott is an American rapper , singer-songwriter , author , record producer and actress . Missy 's debut album Supa Dupa Fly was released on July 15 , 1997 in the United States under her own label The Goldmind Inc. signed under Elektra Records . Her second album Da Real World was then released on June 22 , 1999 , followed by her third album Miss E. . . So Addictive , released on May 15 , 2001 . Under Construction was the fourth album released by Elliott , which was released on November 12 , 2002 , followed by her fifth album This Is Not a Test ! that saw a release in November 25 , 2003 , and The Cookbook , Elliott 's latest album to date , which was released on July 4 , 2005 . Throughout Missy Elliott 's career , she has received several awards and nominations . Elliott would also be noted to become the first female rapper in history to take home the award for `` Best International Video '' from VIVA Comet Media Awards for her solo debut single , `` The Rain ( Supa Dupa Fly ) '' . Elliott 's debut Supa Dupa Fly ( 1997 ) would go on to score two Grammy nominations for Best Rap Solo Performance & Best Rap Album , alongside three MTV Music Video Awards nominations for `` Best Direction in a Video , '' `` Best Breakthrough Video '' & `` Best Rap Video '' . Missy Elliott 's second album Da Real World ( 1999 ) attained a Grammy nomination for Best Rap Album . She also received an award for `` Best R&B / Soul or Rap Music Video '' by the Soul Train Awards . The album went on to go platinum making it Elliott 's second platinum album . The follow-up , Miss E. . . So Addictive ( 2001 ) , was a commercial success ; selling over 9.2 million copies worldwide making it her third consecutive platinum album . This album would attain twelve MTV Video Music Awards nominations throughout 2001 and 2002 . Additionally , the effort gained Elliott several nominations from various award shows some including , the Grammy Awards , MTV Video Music Awards , and the BET Awards . On March 27 , 2001 , Lil ' Kim , Christina Aguilera , Pink , and Mýa recorded a cover version of the LaBelle song , `` Lady Marmalade '' as a medley for the feature film Moulin Rouge that Missy Elliott wrote and produced , which topped # 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 for five weeks . `` Lady Marmalade '' scored Elliott 's first Grammy Award in 2002 for Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals . Missy Elliott 's fourth album Under Construction ( 2002 ) was certified double platinum , making it her fourth platinum album . The effort gained Elliott eight MTV Video Music Awards in 2003 , taking two awards for `` Video of the Year & `` Best Hip-Hop Video '' . The album also gained Elliott five Grammy nominations in 2004 for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group , Best Rap Album , Album of The Year , Best Rap Song & Best Female Rap Solo Performance taking an award for Best Female Rap Solo Performance . Elliott 's follow-up This Is Not a Test ! ( 2003 ) would also attain a platinum certification , as well as two MTV Video Music Awards and one MTV Music Video Japan Awards nominations . The Cookbook ( 2005 ) is Missy Elliott 's latest album to date . The effort attained three Grammy nominations in 2006 for Best Short Form Music Video , Best Rap Song & Best Rap Album . Elliott received the award for Best Short Form Music Video for her single `` Lose Control '' . The Cookbook also gained Elliott seven MTV Video Music Awards nominations , taking two awards for `` Best Dance Video '' and `` Best Hip-Hop Video '' . In 2014 , Missy Elliott became nominated for a Grammy for Best R&B Song for the featured single , `` Without Me '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a20ad3a4efe40ae59288bcf43a04662", "text": "The DVF Awards The DVF Awards , supported by The Diller-von Furstenberg Family Foundation , are given annually to provide recipients with the exposure and resources necessary to extend their efforts on behalf of women all over the world . The DVF Awards were conceived by Diane von Furstenberg in 2010 with the goal of honoring women who have displayed leadership , strength , and courage in their commitment to their causes . Every year , each Honoree receives a $ 50,000 grant from the Foundation to further their work . The inaugural DVF Awards were presented on March 13 , 2010 at a ceremony hosted by Diane von Fürstenberg and Tina Brown at the United Nations on the closing night of The Women in the World Summit . Each year , two DVF Awards are given to women within The Vital Voices Global Partnership . In addition , the Inspiration Award is given to a woman who has demonstrated strength and courage in the face of adversity , and is using her experience and influence to effect positive change . The People 's Voice Award is also given annually to a woman chosen from a field of nominees selected by The DVF Awards Board of Advisors and voted on by the public at DVFAwards.com . The Lifetime Leadership Award honors an individual who has dedicated her life and body of work to instilling in other women the courage to fight , the power to survive and the leadership to inspire . Past recipients include Gloria Steinem , Ingrid Betancourt , Hillary Clinton , Oprah Winfrey and Robin Roberts . Presenters at The DVF Awards have included Meryl Streep , Iman , Olivia Wilde , Jessica Alba , Deborah Winger , Gabby Douglas , and Chelsea Clinton . 2017 Honorees The International Award : Yoani Sánchez , 14ymedio The International Award : Baljeet Sandhu , Migrant & Refugee Children 's Legal Unit ( MiCLU ) The People 's Voice Award : Louise Dubé , iCivics The Inspiration Award : Karlie Kloss , Kode With Klossy The Lifetime Leadership Award : Dr. Jane Goodall , The Jane Goodall Institute ( JGI ) 2016 Honorees The International Award : Maria Pacheco , Wakami The International Award : Agnes Igoye , Huts for Peace The People 's Voice Award : Emily Greener , I AM THAT GIRL The Inspiration Award : Sarah Jones , Girls Educational and Mentoring Services ' , The Legal Aid Society and Sanctuary for Families The Lifetime Leadership Award : Dr. Martine Rothblatt , Los Angeles LGBT Center and The Astraea Lesbian Foundation for Justice 2015 Honorees The International Award : Adimaimalaga Tafuna'I , Women In Business The International Award : Samar Minallah Khan , Ethnomedia The People 's Voice Award : Becky Straw and Jody Landers , The Adventure Project The Inspiration Award : Gabrielle Giffords , Americans for Responsible Solutions The Lifetime Leadership Award : Melanne Verveer , The Georgetown Institute for Women , Peace and Security at Georgetown University 2014 Honorees The DVF Award : Kah Walla , STRATEGIES ! The DVF Award : Liron Peleg-Hadomi & Noha Khatieb The People 's Voice Award : Veronika Scott , The Empowerment Plan The Inspiration Award : Alicia Keys , Keep a Child Alive The Lifetime Leadership Award : Gloria Steinem , Equality Now and Donor Direct Action 2013 Honorees The DVF Award : Sunitha Krishnan , Prajwala The DVF Award : Andeisha Farid , Afghan Child Education and Caring Organization ( AFCECO ) . The People 's Voice Award : Tammy Tibbetts , She 's the First The Inspiration Award : Natalia Vodianova , Naked Heart Foundation The Lifetime Leadership Award : Robin Roberts , Be the Match 2012 Honorees The DVF Award : Panmela Castro , Rede Nami The DVF Award : Chouchou Namegabe , South Kivu 's Association of Women Journalists The People 's Voice Award : Layli Miller-Muro , Tahirih Justice Center The Inspiration Award : Jaycee Dugard , The JAYC Foundation The Lifetime Leadership Award : Oprah Winfrey , The Oprah Winfrey Leadership Academy Foundation 2011 Honorees The DVF Award : Sohini Chakraborty , Kolkata Sanved The DVF Award : Kakenya Ntaiya , Kakenya Center for Excellence The People 's Voice Award : Taryn Davis , The American Widow Project The Inspiration Award : Elizabeth Smart , Elizabeth Smart Foundation The Lifetime Leadership Award : Secretary of State Hillary Clinton 2010 Honorees The DVF Award : Danielle Saint-Lot , Femmes en Démocratie The DVF Award : Sadiqa Basiri Saleem , The Oruj Learning Center The People 's Voice Award : Katherine Chon , The Polaris Project The Lifetime Leadership Award : Ingrid Betancourt , The Ingrid Betancourt Foundation", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3902b51675348828c0efec1fa040ef7d", "text": "President's Call to Service Award The President 's Call to Service Award is awarded by the President of the United States to people who have completed more than 4,000 hours of community service . It is the highest level of the President 's Volunteer Service Award . The President 's Council on Service and Civic Participation , which administers the award , was established within the Corporation for National and Community Service through a 2003 executive order by President George W. Bush . The President 's Volunteer Service Award ( PVSA ) is the premier volunteer awards program , encouraging citizens to live a life of service through presidential gratitude and national recognition . The award is offered is four categories depending on amount of service , including Bronze , Silver , Gold and the `` President 's Call to Service Award '' ( referred to as the `` President 's Lifetime Achievement Award '' ) . Depending on the level of service , awardees may receive a personalized certificate , an official pin , medallion , and/or a congratulatory letter from the President .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3d7dc243d6b85904d1b5aa991147aa4f", "text": "Awards of the United States Department of State The United States Department of State , like other agencies of the U.S. federal government , gives civilian decorations for outstanding service , sacrifice , or heroism . The criteria for the awards are set down in 3 FAM 4820 - Foreign Affairs Manual , 3 FAM - Personnel , section 3 FAM 4800 Department Awards Program . State Department awards are broken down into four types : honor awards , achievement awards , service awards , and recognition awards . In addition , there are awards which are no longer given but for which certificates , ribbons , or medals may still be occasionally seen . The Foreign Affairs Manual described the purpose of Department of State honor awards as to `` bestow recognition on an individual or group who has made a significant contribution to the agency 's mission '' and states that `` The honor awards vary in scope and magnitude . The impact of the act or deed which precipitates the nomination must be carefully examined , and consideration given to whether the act to be recognized benefits the post or bureau , the area , the agency , or the Federal Government as a whole . '' Upon authorization , members of the U.S. military may wear the medal and ribbon in the appropriate order of precedence as a U.S. non-military personal decoration . As delineated in numerous diplomatic cables describing each one , achievement awards recognize specific service over the previous year in a specific field or job category . The majority of the awards include a certificate , signed by the Secretary of State and a cash bonus . The cash bonuses range from zero to $ 10,000 . Some awards are sponsored by private donors , who are often former members of the Foreign Service . There is a minimum requirement for several valid nominations in a category in order for some awards to be presented ; if there are insufficient nominees or the nominations do not meet a specific threshold , then no award is presented that year . Currently , none of the achievement awards includes a medal set . Service awards are common for the Armed Forces but are not currently favored by the Director General of the Foreign Service . The Department of State currently awards two service awards , the Secretary 's Career Achievement Award and the Expeditionary Service Award . The Expeditionary Service Award is a new award as of 2011 that recognizes service by Civil and Foreign Service employees in areas designated by the Director General of the Foreign Service .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93882bcbf40c48e32f42886331563562", "text": "Melissa Etheridge Melissa Lou Etheridge ( born May 29 , 1961 ) is an American singer-songwriter , guitarist , and activist . Her self-titled debut album Melissa Etheridge was released in 1988 and became an underground success . The album peaked at No. 22 on the Billboard 200 , and its lead single , `` Bring Me Some Water '' , garnered Etheridge her first Grammy Award nomination for Best Rock Vocal Performance , Female . In 1993 , Etheridge won her first Grammy award for her single `` Ai n't It Heavy '' from her third album , Never Enough . Later that year , she released what would become her mainstream breakthrough album , Yes I Am . Its tracks `` I 'm the Only One '' and `` Come to My Window '' both reached the top 30 in the United States , and the latter earned Etheridge her second Grammy award . Yes I Am peaked at No. 15 on the Billboard 200 , and spent 138 weeks on the chart , earning a RIAA certification of 6x Platinum , her largest to date . In October 2004 , Etheridge was diagnosed with breast cancer , and underwent surgery and chemotherapy . At the 2005 Grammy Awards , she made a return to the stage and , although bald from chemotherapy , performed a tribute to Janis Joplin with the song `` Piece of My Heart '' . Etheridge 's performance was widely lauded , with India.Arie writing `` I Am Not My Hair '' about Etheridge . Later that year , Etheridge released her first compilation album , Greatest Hits : The Road Less Traveled . The album was a success , peaking at No. 14 on the Billboard 200 , and going Gold almost immediately . Her latest studio album is This Is M.E. . Etheridge is known for her mixture of `` confessional lyrics , pop-based folk-rock , and raspy , smoky vocals . '' She has also been a gay and lesbian activist since her public coming out in January 1993 . She has received fifteen Grammy Award nominations throughout her career , winning two , in 1993 and 1995 , respectively . In 2007 , she won an Academy Award for Best Original Song for `` I Need to Wake Up '' from the film An Inconvenient Truth . In September 2011 , Etheridge received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame .", "title": "" } ]	fever
145b57a36163d54eec349142b1dddf01	Chandni is a film from India.	[ { "docid": "a1e37b780b02f77a2bc46a395374daac", "text": "Chandni Chandni ( Translation : Moonlight ) is a 1989 Indian Hindi language romantic drama film , starring Sridevi as the eponymous lead alongside Rishi Kapoor and Vinod Khanna and Waheeda Rehman . It was directed by Yash Chopra and the screenplay was written by Kamna Chandra , Arun Kaul , Sagar Sarhadi and Umesh Kalbagh . Chandni was a great success in 1989 and is considered one of the most successful films of all time . The profits of this romantic musical brought an end to Chopra 's lean phase . The platinum success of its music was also instrumental in bringing music back into Hindi films . For the cast , the film reaffirmed Sridevi 's position as the top female star of the 1980s . It prolonged Rishi Kapoor 's fading career and showed that he was still profitable as a leading hero . Chandni provided a boost for Vinod Khanna 's career and reunited Kapoor and Khanna , who were last seen together in the popular Amar Akbar Anthony ( 1977 ) . Sridevi 's white costumes became popular as the ` Chandni Look ' and the songs of the film are still a rage . Though this was not the first time Yash Chopra shot a film in Switzerland , the extensive scenes shot there made it a popular tourist destination for Indians . Chandni won the National Film Award for Best Popular Film of 1989 and is regarded as one of the Yash Chopra 's best films.द", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "8a83ddaa1eca7a61974df9f2516d8bee", "text": "Hema Malini Hema Malini ( `` Hema Malini Chakravarty '' ) ( born 16 October 1948 , Ammankudi ( Orathanadu ) , Tamil Nadu , India ) is an Indian actress , director , producer , dancer and politician . 1963 she made acting debut in Tamil film `` Ithu Sathiyam '' as a dancer resp . supporting actress . Malini first acted in main role in Sapno Ka Saudagar ( 1968 ) , and went on to feature in numerous Bollywood films , primarily as the lead actress . In most of her films , she starred opposite her husband ; Dharmendra and with Rajesh Khanna and Dev Anand . Malini was initially promoted as the `` Dream Girl '' , and in 1977 starred in a film of the same name . She has played both comic and dramatic roles , as well as being a dancer . She has appeared in more than 150 films . During her career , Malini received eleven nominations for the Filmfare Award for Best Actress , winning the award in 1972 . In 2000 , Malini won the Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award and also the Padma Shri , the fourth-highest civilian honour awarded by the Government of India . In 2012 , the Sir Padampat Singhania University conferred an Honorary Doctorate on Malini in recognition of her contribution to Indian cinema . Malini served as chairperson of the National Film Development Corporation . In 2006 , Malini received Sopori Academy of Music And Performing Arts ( SaMaPa ) Vitasta award from Bhajan Sopori in Delhi for her contribution and service to Indian culture and dance . In 2013 , she received the NTR National Award from Government of Andhra Pradesh for her contribution to Indian cinema . From 2003 to 2009 , Malini was elected to the Rajya Sabha , the upper House of parliament , as a representative of the Bharatiya Janata Party . In 2014 , Malini was elected to the Lok Sabha . Malini has been involved with charitable and social ventures . Currently , Malini is also a life member of the International Society for Krishna Consciousness ( ISKCON ) . She was the top and successful actress of her time . She has been praised by critics for dancing and acting", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be96cf938a807b718b728aae130c7937", "text": "S. N. Patankar Shree Nath Patankar ( ? -1941 ) was an Indian producer , director , and cameraman . Referred to as `` one of the early pioneers of Indian Cinema '' , his influence is stated to be equal to that of Dadasaheb Phalke . He was one of a wide range of people who filmed the historic Delhi Durbar in 1911 held for King George V of England . The Durbar was also filmed by Madan and Hiralal Shah , another professional photographer from Bombay . Patankar initially teamed up with V. P. Divekar and A. P. Karandikar , with the renowned freedom fighter and Nationalist leader , Lokmanya Tilak , helping them in getting finance from Bhagwandas Chaturbhuj and Dharamdas Narayandas , two well-established financiers . Their debut production in 1912 , Savitri , directed by Patankar was unsuccessful . The three formed a production company called Patankar Union in 1913 . They produced The Death Of Narayanrao Peshwa also called The Murder Of Narayanrao Peshwa in 1915 , which has been cited as the first historical film of Indian cinema , as well as the mythological Ram Vanvas ( The Exile Of Rama ) ( 1918 ) . Patankar went on to form Patankar Friends and Company with Dwarkadas Sampat who had joined them in 1917 , producing and directing Kach-Devyani ( 1920 ) . He also worked as an actor in films like Mahashweta Kadambari ( 1922 ) , Videhi Janak ( 1923 ) , and Vaman Avatar ( 1923 ) , which were directed by him . In a career-span of fifteen years covering 1912-1926 , he made over forty films . According to Rajadhyaksha and Willemen , Patankar 's `` historicals and mythologicals were among the most professionally made films before the studio era ( pre-1925 ) '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cb458643d0e80eb0043045b7df5dd886", "text": "Heera-Moti Heera-Moti is a 1979 Bollywood film directed by Chand and produced by Ratan Mohan . It stars Shatrughan Sinha and Reena Roy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a985cba6e00d646ad56506e50edda672", "text": "List of films released by Yash Raj Films Yash Raj Films ( abbreviated as YRF ) is an Indian entertainment company , established by Yash Chopra in 1970 , that produces and distributes motion pictures . As of 2017 , the company has produced 71 Hindi films , including three that are yet-to-be-released , and one Tamil film . Yash Raj Films started a film distribution business in 1997 , and in addition to distributing their own productions , the company has handled the domestic and international distribution of 35 films from other companies . Yash Raj Films ' first release came in 1973 with the Chopra-directed Daag : A Poem of Love , a drama about bigamy , starring Rajesh Khanna , Raakhee and Sharmila Tagore . The company had four more releases in the 1970s , including the family drama Kabhie Kabhie and the action film Kaala Patthar , both of which starred Amitabh Bachchan . Yash Raj Films ' sole commercial success in the 1980s was the Sridevi-starring romance Chandni . The year 1995 marked the directorial debut of Yash Chopra 's son , Aditya Chopra , with the highly successful romantic drama Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge . Starring Shah Rukh Khan and Kajol , the film has the longest theatrical run in Indian cinema history . Other successful releases of the 1990s were Darr ( 1993 ) and Dil To Pagal Hai ( 1997 ) , both starring Khan . In the 2000s , Yash Raj Films produced a larger number of films . In addition to directorial ventures from Yash and Aditya Chopra , the company launched several new directors , including Sanjay Gadhvi , Vijay Krishna Acharya , Kunal Kohli , Siddharth Anand , and Shaad Ali . Some of the company 's top-grossing films in that decade include Gadhvi 's action thrillers Dhoom ( 2004 ) and Dhoom 2 ( 2006 ) , Kohli 's romantic thriller Fanaa ( 2006 ) , Ali 's comedy film Bunty Aur Babli ( 2005 ) , Yash Chopra 's romance Veer-Zaara ( 2004 ) , and Aditya Chopra 's dramas Mohabbatein ( 2000 ) and Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi ( 2008 ) . Beginning in 2008 , the company introduced a number of new actors such as Anushka Sharma , Ranveer Singh , Parineeti Chopra , and Arjun Kapoor . Yash Raj Films ' highest-grossing films came in the 2010s with the Kabir Khan-directed action thriller Ek Tha Tiger ( 2012 ) , starring Salman Khan and Katrina Kaif , the third installment of the Dhoom franchise , entitled Dhoom 3 ( 2013 ) , featuring Aamir Khan , Uday Chopra and Abhishek Bachchan , and the sports drama Sultan ( 2016 ) , starring Salman Khan and Sharma . All three films rank among the highest-grossing Bollywood films of all time . The most frequent collaborations of the company have been with the actors Rani Mukerji , Rishi Kapoor , Shah Rukh Khan , and Saif Ali Khan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9ddb15606485f49f30633aa16e8a314b", "text": "Pratidwandi Pratidwandi or Pratidandi ( literally Adversary , Opponent or Competitor in Bengali ; known internationally as The Adversary ) is a 1970 Indian Bengali drama film directed by Satyajit Ray based on the novel by Sunil Gangopadhyay . It is the first part of the Calcutta trilogy . Set during the period of the Naxalite movement in Bengal , Pratidwandi tells the story of Siddharta , an educated middle-class man caught up in the turmoil of social unrest . Corruption and unemployment is rampant , and Siddhartha can not align himself with either his revolutionary activist brother or his career-oriented sister . The film is known for experimenting with techniques such as photo-negative flashbacks and X-ray digressions . The film won three Indian National Film Awards ; including the National Film Award for Best Direction in 1971 . The film was Nominated for Gold Hugo Award , at the Chicago International Film Festival , 1971 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0578dd12a55925373a67d02b5e1a8ace", "text": "Ananya Khare Ananya Khare ( Hindi : अनन्य खरे ) is a Bollywood actress starring in supporting roles of several successful movies , including Devdas and Chandni Bar . She also starred in television serials ( including 1987 's Nirmala ) for almost two decades before her big screen success . She was awarded an Indian National Award for best supporting actress for her role in Chandni Bar and subsequently nominated for her role in Devdas . She has been awarded for her roles on stage , television , and on the big screen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1696f787b5d666c9ec2f718e54bbfb65", "text": "Premchand Premchand ( -LSB- mʊnʃi preːm t͡ʃənd̪ -RSB- ) ( 31 July 1880 -- 8 October 1936 ) , better known as Munshi Premchand , Munshi being an honorary prefix , was an Indian writer famous for his modern Hindi-Urdu literature . He is one of the most celebrated writers of the Indian subcontinent , and is regarded as one of the foremost Hindustani writers of the early twentieth century . Born Dhanpat Rai , he began writing under the pen name `` Nawab Rai '' , but subsequently switched to `` Premchand '' . A novel writer , story writer and dramatist , he has been referred to as the `` Upanyas Samrat '' ( `` Emperor among Novelists '' ) by writers . His works include more than a dozen novels , around 250 short stories , several essays and translations of a number of foreign literary works into Hindi .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2821fb64d9feeb553022a40c6bfae144", "text": "Chande The chande is a drum used in the traditional and classical music of South India and particularly in Yakshagana theatre art of Karnataka . It follows the Yakshagana Tala system . The rhythms are based on pre-classical music forms and folk grooves , and some rhythms are similar to Karnataka Sangeta and to lesser extent Hindustani Sangeetha . There are different varieties of this instrument ; two major varieties being the Badagu Thittu Chande ( Northern School ) and the Thenku Thittu Chande ( Southern School ) . The latter can also be spelled chenda and is used exclusively in the art forms of southern coastal Karnataka and Kerala . This article deals with Badagu Thittu Chande , used exclusively in Yakshagana of Karnataka . The chande used in Badagu Thittu is structurally and acoustically different from the chenda used in Kerala .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "15de4fea6d1defb9167a6e11108320bb", "text": "Cinema of India The cinema of India consists of films produced across India . Cinema as a medium has gained immense popularity in the country and as many as 1,600 films in various languages of India are produced annually . Indian films have also come to be followed throughout South Asia , the Greater Middle East , Southeast Asia and other countries . Dadasaheb Phalke is known as the `` father of Indian cinema '' . The Dadasaheb Phalke Award , for lifetime contribution to cinema , was instituted in his honour , by the Government of India in 1969 , and is the most prestigious and coveted award in Indian cinema . In the 20th century , Indian cinema , along with the Hollywood and Chinese film industries , became a global enterprise . As of 2013 , in terms of annual film output , India ranks first , followed by Nollywood , Hollywood and China . In 2012 , India produced 1,602 feature films . The Indian film industry reached overall revenues of $ 1.86 billion ( 93 billion ) in 2011 . This is projected to rise to $ 3 billion ( 200 billion ) in 2016 . In 2015 , India had a total box office gross of , the fourth largest in the world outside North America . Enhanced technology paved the way for upgrading from established cinematic norms of delivering product , altering the manner in which content reached the target audience . Biopics like Dangal and CGI-laden epics like Baahubali emerged as transnational blockbusters grossing over $ 200 million each in early 21st century . Indian cinema found markets in over 90 countries where films from India are screened . The Indian government extended film delegations to foreign countries such as the United States of America and Japan while the country 's Film Producers Guild sent similar missions through Europe . The provision of 100 % foreign direct investment has made the Indian film market attractive for foreign enterprises such as 20th Century Fox , Sony Pictures , Walt Disney Pictures and Warner Bros. . Indian enterprises such as AVM Productions , Prasad 's Group , Sun Pictures , PVP Cinemas , Zee , UTV , Suresh Productions , Eros Films , Ayngaran International , Pyramid Saimira , Aascar Films and Adlabs also participated in producing and distributing films . Tax incentives to multiplexes have aided the multiplex boom in India . By 2003 as many as 30 film production companies had been listed in the National Stock Exchange of India , making the commercial presence of the medium felt . The South Indian film industry defines the four film cultures of South India as a single entity . They are the Telugu , the Tamil , the Malayalam and the Kannada industries . Although developed independently over a long period , gross exchange of film performers and technicians as well as globalisation helped to shape this new identity . The Indian diaspora consists of millions of Indians overseas for which films are made available both through media such as DVDs and by screening of films in their country of residence wherever commercially feasible . These earnings , accounting for some 12 % of the revenue generated by a mainstream film , contribute substantially to the overall revenue of Indian cinema , the net worth of which was found to be 1.3 billion in 2000 . Music in Indian cinema is another substantial revenue generator with the music rights alone accounting for 4 -- 5 % of the net revenues generated by a film in India .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f626550fdedec6fb2c602777b652152a", "text": "Gudia (film) Gudia is a 1997 Indian drama film directed by Gautam Ghose . It was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1997 Cannes Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f69503cf622bdb5a3a6bd3d06b205cd8", "text": "Soggade Chinni Nayana Soggade Chinni Nayana ( The Young Man is a Charmer ) is a 2016 Indian Telugu-language supernatural drama film directed by Kalyan Krishna Kurasala . In addition to producing the film under his Annapurna Studios banner , Akkineni Nagarjuna played dual roles . Ramya Krishnan and Lavanya Tripathi were the film 's female leads . Nassar , Pithamagan Mahadevan , Sampath Raj and Brahmanandam played key supporting roles . Written by Ram Mohan P , Soggade Chinni Nayana revolves around the soul of Bangarraju , a flirtatious zamindar whom Yama ( the god of the underworld ) sends back to earth to reconcile his son ( Ram `` Ramu '' Mohan ) and his wife Seetha ; they are on the brink of divorce . In the process , he learns about his death and its connection with a local Shiva temple . P. S. Vinod and Siddhardh Ramaswami provided the cinematography , and Anup Rubens composed the film 's soundtrack and background score . Prawin Pudi edited the film . Principal photography for the film began on 19 November 2014 after it was launched in Hyderabad , and wrapped on 4 October 2015 . Most of the film was shot in and around Rajahmundry and Mysore . Produced on a budget of 150200 million , Soggade Chinni Nayana was released worldwide on 15 January 2016 during the Makar Sankranti festival season in 800-900 screens . It received positive reviews from critics and was commercially successful , earning 750 million globally . The film is being remade in Kannada as Matte Hutti Baa , Inti Prema , starring Upendra , Prema and Sruthi Hariharan in the lead roles . A prequel entitled Bangarraju is in development , with production scheduled to begin in 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9736dde560a9035868e08d9c63852287", "text": "Dusari Goshta Dusari Goshta ( Marathi : दुसरी गोष्ट ) is a 2014 Marathi-language Indian fictional biopic film by director Chandrakant Kulkarni , based upon former Home minister Sushilkumar Shinde 's life , and tracking his journey from child to adult . Initial plans were for the film to release on 1 May 2014 , to coincide with the Maharashtra Day holiday , and the film was released 2 May , in 200 theaters across Maharashtra . On 9 May , the film had a special screening in New Delhi at the Rashtrapati Bhavan presidential residence for President of India Pranab Mukherjee , and then Home minister Shinde .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e6a7c8fb890d54d26ac7de72abff4afd", "text": "Paheli Paheli ( Devanagari : पहेली , Riddle ) is a Bollywood fantasy film , which released in India on 24 June 2005 . It is a remake of the 1973 Hindi movie Duvidha . It was directed by Amol Palekar and produced by Juhi Chawla , Aziz Mirza , Sanjiv Chawla and Shah Rukh Khan , who also plays the male lead . Paheli is based on the short story written by Vijayadan Detha in Rajasthani language and tells the story of a wife ( Rani Mukerji ) who is left by her husband ( Shah Rukh Khan ) and visited by a ghost , disguised as her husband , who is in love with her and takes her husband 's place . Sunil Shetty , Juhi Chawla , Rajpal Yadav and Amitabh Bachchan have supporting roles in the film . The story has been previously adapted into film , Duvidha ( 1973 ) by Mani Kaul . The movie opened the ninth Zimbabwe International Film Festival at the Libertie Cinema Complex in Harare . It was also screened at both the Sundance Film Festival and the Palm Springs International Film Festival . The working title of the movie was Ghost Ka Dost ( translates to Friend of a Ghost ) . Paheli was India 's official entry to the 2006 Oscars .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad4465509be75ed989f095f61ac0c00b", "text": "Shankar Shambhu Shankar Shambhu is a 1976 Bollywood action film directed by Chand .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "46c20b60f41366ce9559729036582f96", "text": "Arundhati (2009 film) Arundhati is a 2009 Indian Telugu dark fantasy film directed by Kodi Ramakrishna and written by Chintapalli Ramana , starring Anushka Shetty , Sonu Sood , Arjan Bajwa and Sayaji Shinde . The film was released on 16 January 2009 to positive reviews and emerged as a commercial success , also became second highest grossing Telugu film of all-time . Owing to its success , it was later dubbed into Tamil and Malayalam with the same title and in Oriya as Mantrasakti . The movie was also dubbed in Hindi as ArundhatiEk Anokhi Kahani by Sumeet Arts . It is remade in Bengali as Arundhati starring Koel Mallick .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "79b9f3b0df2ab3eb6eab0a29232341cb", "text": "Chaandi Chaandi is a 2013 Indian film based on the 1957 short story , `` Mhais '' , by Marathi writer Purushottam Laxman Deshpande . Chaandi shows the chaos created by a buffalo , when she comes under a street bus which is going to Mumbai from a small village in Konkan . What follows is a chaotic drama comedy , between the owners of the buffalo and the passengers in the bus , which depicts typical demenour , nature and attitude of the Marathi manoos in konkan and local politics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "68f35ad0fed0ff5832a1f48a92d21cc9", "text": "Girish Karnad Girish Raghunath Karnad ( born 19 May 1938 ) is an Indian actor , film director , writer playwright and a Rhodes Scholar , who predominantly works in South Indian cinema and Bollywood . his rise as a playwright in 1960s , marked the coming of age of modern Indian playwriting in Kannada , just as Badal Sarkar did in Bengali , Vijay Tendulkar in Marathi , and Mohan Rakesh in Hindi . He is a recipient of the 1998 Jnanpith Award , the highest literary honour conferred in India . For four decades Karnad has been composing plays , often using history and mythology to tackle contemporary issues . He has translated his plays into English and has received acclaim . His plays have been translated into some Indian languages and directed by directors like Ebrahim Alkazi , B. V. Karanth , Alyque Padamsee , Prasanna , Arvind Gaur , Satyadev Dubey , Vijaya Mehta , Shyamanand Jalan , Amal Allana and Zafer Mohiuddin . He is active in the world of Indian cinema working as an actor , director , and screenwriter , in Hindi and Kannada cinema , earning awards along the way . He was conferred Padma Shri and Padma Bhushan by the Government of India and won four Filmfare Awards , of which three are Filmfare Award for Best Director -- Kannada and the fourth a Filmfare Best Screenplay Award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d63ecfbdd349ba978c0d898621aedd37", "text": "Chaar Din Ki Chandni Chaar Din Ki Chandni ( English : 4 nights of moonlight ) is a 2012 Hindi romantic comedy film directed and produced by Samir Karnik . The film stars Tusshar Kapoor and Kulraj Randhawa in the lead roles while Anupam Kher , Om Puri and Anita Raj appear in supporting roles . It released on 9 March 2012 , received generally negative reviews , and also failed to do well at the box office .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "162d3ac2e9ecfa156a2340af2322692b", "text": "Banni Grasslands Reserve Banni Grasslands Reserve or Banni grasslands form a belt of arid grassland ecosystem on the outer southern edge of the desert of the marshy salt flats of Rann of Kutch in Kutch District , Gujarat State , India . They are known for rich wildlife and biodiversity and are spread across an area of 3,847 square kilometres . They are currently legally protected under the status as a protected or reserve forest in India . Though declared a protected forest more than half a century ago Gujarat state 's forest department has recently proposed a special plan to restore and manage this ecosystem in the most efficient way . Wildlife Institute of India ( WII ) has identified this grassland reserve as one of the last remaining habitats of the cheetah in India and a possible reintroduction site for the species . The word ` Banni ' comes from Hindi and Sanskrit word ` banai ' , meaning made . The land here was formed from the sediments that were deposited by the Indus and other rivers over thousands of years . Old villagers from this region say that before the 1819 Rann of Kutch earthquake , the river Indus flowed right through banni and the local farmers reaped a rich harvest of crops like red rice and sindhi chookha etc. , red rice was the staple diet of the people of the region and it was even recommended by medical practitioners as a ` light diet ' for ailing people . However , since the earthquake of 1819 the river Indus changed its course and now flows through Sindh in neighbouring country of Pakistan effectively turning this entire region arid . Banni grassland is peculiar to the Rann of Kutch , it has some forty Sindhi speaking Maldhari ( cattle breeders ) hamlets , home to the Halaypotra , Hingora , Hingorja , Jat and Mutwa tribes . It was first declared a `` protected forest '' in May 1955 , using the nomenclature of the Indian Forest Act , 1927 . Since then , the actual transfer of the land from the Revenue department to the Forest department has not been completed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bb7ac923ad440a25aa792aacc7679a43", "text": "Geetha Arts Geetha Arts ( Telugu : గీతా ఆర్ట్స్ ) is an Indian film production and distribution company established in 1972 by Allu Aravind , brother-in-law of Chiranjeevi . The company is based in Hyderabad and had produced films in Telugu , Tamil , Kannada and Hindi languages . Geetha Arts though came to be known for its big-budget blockbusters , the company marked its beginning by producing a small-budget movie Banthrotu Bharya in 1974 . The company delivered several successful projects from the beginning , the film Vijetha , a family drama starring Chiranjeevi set the trend of blockbusters for Geetha Arts . Since then , Geetha Arts has made movies mostly featuring superstars such as Chiranjeevi , Rajinikanth , Aamir Khan , Anil Kapoor , Pawan Kalyan , Allu Arjun and Ram Charan . After consolidating the film production business , Geetha Arts expanded its presence into film distribution , exhibition and digital content . In the highly fragmented and unorganized industry , Geetha Arts is one of the few players that has streamlined its business and evolve into an integrated film conglomerate .", "title": "" } ]	fever
c0d6cf881550f9218a7b78014c8db2e8	WWE has Kurt Angle.	[ { "docid": "3e5abf1a59295e3234101e6404b9cbd4", "text": "Kurt Angle Kurt Steven Angle ( born December 9 , 1968 ) is an American professional wrestler , actor , and retired amateur wrestler . He is currently signed to WWE , performing as the on-screen general manager for the Raw brand . While a student at Clarion University of Pennsylvania , Angle won numerous accolades , including being a two-time National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I Heavyweight Wrestling Champion . After graduating college , Angle won a gold medal in freestyle wrestling at the 1995 World Wrestling Championships . He then won a freestyle wrestling gold medal at the 1996 Summer Olympics . Angle is one of four people to complete an amateur wrestling Grand Slam ( junior nationals , NCAA , World Championships , Olympics ) . In 2006 , he was named by USA Wrestling as the greatest shoot wrestler ever and one of the top 15 college wrestlers of all time . He was inducted into the International Sports Hall of Fame in 2016 for his amateur accomplishments . Angle made his first appearance at a professional wrestling event in 1996 , with his in-ring debut in 1999 . He signed a long-term contract with the World Wrestling Federation ( WWF , now WWE ) that same year , and participated in his first televised storyline in March 1999 . After months of unaired matches , Angle made his official debut in November and received his first major push in the company in February 2000 , when he held the European Championship and the Intercontinental Championship simultaneously . Four months later , he won the King of the Ring tournament , and not long after he began pursuing the WWF Championship , which he won in October ; this capped off a rookie year which is considered by many to be the greatest in professional wrestling history . Throughout his tenure in the WWF/WWE , Angle was a six-time world champion ( four reigns as WWF/WWE Champion , one as WCW Champion , and one as WWE 's World Heavyweight Champion ) , a one-time United States Champion , one-time Intercontinental Champion , one-time European Champion , one-time Hardcore Champion , and one-time WWE Tag Team Champion . He is the tenth Triple Crown Champion and the fifth Grand Slam Champion ( achieving this accolade twice under both the original and current format ) in WWE history . On March 31 2017 , Angle was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame , becoming the third active wrestler to be inducted , after Ric Flair and Sting . After leaving WWE in 2006 , Angle joined Total Nonstop Action Wrestling ( TNA , now Impact Wrestling ) where he became a record six-time TNA World Heavyweight Champion ( and the inaugural titleholder ) , a two-time TNA World Tag Team Champion , and a one-time TNA X Division Champion . He is the second Triple Crown winner in TNA history and the only one to hold all the required titles at once . Angle is also a two-time King of the Mountain . As part of TNA , he made appearances for New Japan Pro-Wrestling ( NJPW ) and the Inoki Genome Federation ( IGF ) , holding the IWGP Heavyweight Championship once . In 2013 , Angle was inducted into the TNA Hall of Fame ( he is the second wrestler -- after Sting -- to be inducted into both the WWE and TNA halls of fame ) . Between WWF/WWE , Japan , and TNA , Angle has won 13 world championships and 21 total championships . He is the only professional wrestler in history to have won the WWE Championship , WWE 's World Heavyweight Championship , the WCW Championship , the TNA World Heavyweight Championship , and the IWGP Heavyweight Championship . Angle is also the only person to have been King of the Mountain and King of the Ring . He has headlined numerous pay-per-view events for both WWF/WWE and TNA throughout his career , including the flagship event for both promotions : WrestleMania in WWE , and Bound for Glory in TNA . In 2004 , the Wrestling Observer Newsletter inducted Angle into its Hall of Fame , and later named him `` Wrestler of the Decade '' for the 2000s . He is considered to be one of the greatest professional wrestlers of all time ; ESPN journalist and former WWE personality Jonathan Coachman described Angle as `` the greatest I 've ever seen in the ring '' .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "cf6b1a2412a634eb9d20875be7511df1", "text": "King of the Ring (1995) King of the Ring ( 1995 ) was the third annual King of the Ring professional wrestling pay-per-view ( PPV ) event produced by the World Wrestling Federation ( WWF ) . It took place on June 25 , 1995 , at the CoreStates Spectrum in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania . The main event was a tag team match in which WWF World Heavyweight Champion Diesel and Bam Bam Bigelow faced Tatanka and Sycho Sid . Diesel won the match by pinning Tatanka . The main matches on the undercard were Bret Hart versus Jerry Lawler in a `` Kiss My Foot '' match and the King of the Ring Final as Mabel faced Savio Vega .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "896020dc3305dc84f6b0aeddc5f93010", "text": "WWE Cruiserweight Championship (1991–2007) The WWE Cruiserweight Championship was a professional wrestling championship originally used in World Championship Wrestling ( WCW ) and later , World Wrestling Federation/Entertainment ( WWF/WWE ) . It was challenged by cruiserweights at a maximum weight of 225lbs . Following the acquisition of WCW by the then-WWF in 2001 , it became a WWF ( and later , WWE ) championship and replaced the WWF Light Heavyweight Championship . During the first WWE brand extension , it was the only title to be exclusive to the SmackDown ! brand during its entire tenure . The championship was created in WCW in 1996 , with Shinjiro Otani as the inaugural champion . However , following WCW 's purchase , the WWF/E considered the title to be a continuation of the earlier WCW Light Heavyweight Championship , which had been created in 1991 with Brian Pillman as the inaugural champion . The Cruiserweight Championship was retired in 2007 with Hornswoggle as its final holder . A new WWE Cruiserweight Championship was created in 2016 , and although both championships share the same name , the new championship does not carry the lineage of the original . The new WWE Cruiserweight Championship also has a different weight limit of 205lbs ( 93kg )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "34715287980ee82dd81fc3ed627665ec", "text": "SuperBrawl I SuperBrawl was the first ever first annual professional wrestling pay-per-view ( PPV ) event produced by World Championship Wrestling ( WCW ) under the SuperBrawl banner , which ended up encompassing eleven pay-per-views in total between 1991 and 2001 . The show took place on May 19 , 1991 and was held at the Bayfront Arena in St. Petersburg , Florida . The main event of the show was a match between then reigning WCW World Heavyweight Champion Ric Flair and the NWA World Heavyweight Champion Tatsumi Fujinami with both world championships on the line . In the United States the match was promoted as simply being for the WCW World Heavyweight Championship , not promoting the fact that Fujinami had defeated Flair for the NWA World Heavyweight Championship in March 1991 . The undercard saw Bobby Eaton win the WCW World Television Championship from Arn Anderson while The Steiner Brothers defended the WCW World Tag Team Championship . In the opening match , The Fabulous Freebirds won the vacant WCW United States Tag Team Championship . The show consisted of twelve matches , with some of the matches being edited out of the official VHS tape release of the show . The event also featured the television debut of Johnny B. Badd . In 2015 , all WCW pay-per-views were made available on the WWE Network .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8252ad04f97d4e5a596533ed2afab8e8", "text": "John Cena John Felix Anthony Cena Jr. ( -LSB- ˈsiːnə -RSB- born April 23 , 1977 ) is an American professional wrestler , rapper , actor , and reality television show host . He is signed to WWE , where he performs on the SmackDown brand . Cena started his professional wrestling career in 1999 with Ultimate Pro Wrestling ( UPW ) and won the UPW Heavyweight Championship the following year . Cena signed a developmental contract with the World Wrestling Federation ( WWF , later renamed to World Wrestling Entertainment , or simply WWE ) in 2001 , debuting on the WWE main roster in 2002 . From a generic character in 2002 , Cena morphed into a rapper for the time period of 2002 -- 2004 , which earned him fame within the audience on SmackDown ! . Cena later transitioned to his current character , which he describes as a `` goody-two shoes Superman '' . However , Cena has been labeled as the `` most polarizing professional wrestler ever '' as his character has many supporters and many detractors , according to Jim Ross of Fox Sports , who also noted that Cena has been WWE 's franchise player for a long-time . In 2012 , IGN described Cena as WWE 's franchise player since 2005 and WWE credited Cena as being the `` face of WWE '' in 2015 since 2004 . Industry veterans John Layfield , Paul Heyman , and Kurt Angle have called Cena the greatest WWE star of all time . Throughout his WWE career , Cena has won 25 championships , with 16 reigns as a world champion ( 13 times as WWE Champion and three times as WWE 's World Heavyweight Champion ) , an accomplishment only previously achieved by WWE Hall of Famer Ric Flair . He is also a five-time United States Champion , and four-time world tag team champion ( two World Tag Team and two WWE Tag Team ) . Furthermore , he is a Money in the Bank ladder match winner ( 2012 ) , a two-time Royal Rumble winner ( 2008 , 2013 ) , and a three-time Superstar of the Year Slammy Award winner ( 2009 , 2010 , 2012 ) . Cena has the fourth-highest number of combined days as WWE Champion , behind Bruno Sammartino , Bob Backlund , and Hulk Hogan . He has also headlined WWE 's flagship event , WrestleMania , on five different occasions ( WrestleManias 22 , 23 , XXVII , XXVIII , and 29 ) over the course of his career , as well as many others pay-per-view events . As of 2016 , John Cena is WWE 's highest-paid wrestler . Outside of wrestling , Cena has released the rap album You Ca n't See Me , which debuted at No. 15 on the US Billboard 200 chart , and starred in the feature films The Marine ( 2006 ) , 12 Rounds ( 2009 ) , Legendary ( 2010 ) , The Reunion ( 2011 ) , Trainwreck ( 2015 ) , and Sisters ( 2015 ) . Cena has also made appearances on television shows including Manhunt , Deal or No Deal , MADtv , Saturday Night Live , Punk 'd , Psych , and Parks and Recreation . He was also a contestant on Fast Cars and Superstars : The Gillette Young Guns Celebrity Race , where he made it to the final round before being eliminated , placing third in the overall competition . Cena is also the host of American Grit on Fox . Cena is involved in numerous philanthropic causes ; most notably with the Make-A-Wish Foundation . He has granted the most wishes in Make-A-Wish history .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93a315b9acd96bba8f80922403e05d97", "text": "Phoenix Championship Wrestling Phoenix Championship Wrestling was a short-lived American independent professional wrestling promotion based in Toms River , New Jersey . It was founded by twin brothers Don and Mike Bucci in 2001 and promoted by Don Bucci until its close two years later . The promotion enjoyed a high degree of success during its existence and was home to many independent wrestlers in the Jersey Shore and Mid-Atlantic region later signed to both Total Non-Stop Action and World Wrestling Entertainment . Stars from both promotions made appearances for PCW such as TNA 's Alexis Laree , Frankie Kazarian , Amazing Red and The S.A.T. ( Jose and Joel Maximo ) . The Wall and the Harris Brothers were also signed to TNA while competing for the promotion . From the World Wrestling Federation included former and then current superstars such as Jimmy Snuka , Gillberg , Gangrel , Eddie Guerrero and Three Minute Warning ( Rosey and Jamal ) . A number of WWE developmental wrestlers from Ohio Valley Wrestling spent time in the promotion including Kara Drew , Charlie Haas , Mike Kruel , Tank Toland and The Basham Brothers ( Doug and Danny Basham ) . Mike Bucci , a mainstay of Extreme Championship Wrestling , was also able to bring in many of its stars prior to and following the promotion 's close in 2001 . Among these included Prodigy , Chris Chetti , Little Guido , Jerry Lynn , Crowbar , Steve Corino , Julio Dinero , Chris Hamrick , Tommy Dreamer , Raven , Joey Matthews & Christian York and the `` heel '' stable Triple Threat ( `` Franchise '' Shane Douglas , Chris Candido and Bam Bam Bigelow ) . Both Bucci and Prodigy would win titles in the promotion , Prodigy being the first PCW Television Champion . Despite the fierce competitive environment among independent Mid-Atlantic promotions , the smaller PCW had working relationships with several of its rivals allowing appearances by Nicky Benz and Ric Blade from Combat Zone Wrestling , and Michael Shane , `` Fallen Angel '' Christopher Daniels and Samoa Joe from Ring of Honor . PCW also featured many established independent wrestlers , not only in the Jersey Shore and Mid-Atlantic region , but from throughout the United States and Canada . The mix of wrestlers would occasionally result in unofficial interpromotional matches that would not normally be seen in mainstream companies . The promotion also had a weekly Public-access television cable TV series , Fire Bird TV , and many of its supercards and televised events were later released on VHS/DVD by Smart Mark Video and RF Video .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3226721f3b16e2e7c9d7c1e6fa03dfe4", "text": "Chavo Guerrero Jr. Salvador `` Chavo '' Guerrero IV ( born October 20 , 1970 ) also known as Chavo Guerrero and Chavo Guerrero Jr. , is a third generation Mexican American professional wrestler , actor and member of the Guerrero wrestling family . He has also worked with World Wrestling Federation/Entertainment ( WWF/E ) , World Championship Wrestling ( WCW ) , and Total Nonstop Action Wrestling ( TNA ) . As a singles wrestler , he is a one-time ECW Champion in WWE , and a six-time WCW/WWE Cruiserweight Champion . He has also achieved success in tag team wrestling , being a five-time world tag team champion -- winning the WWE Tag Team Championship twice with Eddie Guerrero as Los Guerreros , the WCW World Tag Team Championship once with Corporal Cajun as the Misfits in Action , and the TNA World Tag Team Championship twice with Hernandez . Between WCW , WWE , and TNA , Guerrero has held a dozen total championships .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "60169983171c49ebef64ae113f492cc2", "text": "Orlando Jordan Orlando Mason Jordan ( born April 21 , 1974 ) is an American-Australian semi-retired professional wrestler . He is best known for his tenure in World Wrestling Entertainment ( WWE ) , where he was a one-time United States Champion . He is also known for his stint with Total Nonstop Action Wrestling ( TNA ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "29bcfbe2432efd74dc88bbbde3c59578", "text": "Samoa Joe Nuufolau Joel `` Joe '' Seanoa ( born March 17 , 1979 ) , better known by his ring name Samoa Joe , is an American professional wrestler currently signed to WWE and performing on the Raw brand . He was previously best known for his time with Total Nonstop Action Wrestling ( TNA ) and Ring of Honor ( ROH ) . Joe established himself in ROH from the promotion 's beginning in 2002 , holding the ROH World Championship for a record 21 months from May 2003 to December 2004 . Upon joining TNA in June 2005 , he embarked on an 19-month-long undefeated streak , and went on to hold the TNA World Heavyweight Championship once , the TNA X Division Championship five times , the TNA World Tag Team Championship twice , and the TNA Television Championship once ; completing the TNA Triple Crown and the TNA Grand Slam . He also wrestled internationally and on the independent circuit for various promotions , winning several titles , including the GHC Tag Team Championship with Magnus in Pro Wrestling Noah , and he was an inaugural NWA Intercontinental Tag Team Champion with Keiji Sakoda in Pro Wrestling Zero1 . He left TNA in February 2015 , briefly competing again in ROH and the independent circuit . Joe officially debuted in WWE 's developmental territory NXT in May 2015 , and signed a full-time contract with the company in June ; he went on to become the first ever two-time NXT Champion .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "39f0a4493e96434e3e6a3dbec8775f96", "text": "No Way Out (2008) No Way Out ( 2008 ) was the tenth annual No Way Out professional wrestling pay-per-view ( PPV ) event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment ( WWE ) . It took place on February 17 , 2008 , at the Thomas & Mack Center in Las Vegas , Nevada . It starred wrestlers from the Raw , SmackDown , and ECW brands . The main match on the Raw brand was an Elimination Chamber match to determine the number one contender for the WWE Championship at WrestleMania XXIV . Triple H won the match after last eliminating Jeff Hardy . The predominant match on the SmackDown brand was Edge versus Rey Mysterio for the World Heavyweight Championship , in which Edge won after spearing Mysterio in mid-air . The primary match on the ECW brand was Chavo Guerrero versus CM Punk for the ECW Championship . Guerrero won the match and retained the title after pinning Punk following a frog splash . The predominant match on the Raw brand was Randy Orton versus John Cena for the WWE Championship , which Cena won after Orton disqualified himself . The featured match on the undercard was an Elimination Chamber match to determine the number one contender to the World Heavyweight Championship at WrestleMania XXIV . Presented by THQ 's Frontlines : Fuel of War , the event had 329,000 buys , up on the No Way Out 2007 figure of 218,000 buys .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d56ca373faae6138d0b013455112428a", "text": "Stone Cold Steve Austin Steve Austin ( born Steven James Anderson on December 18 , 1964 , later Steven James Williams ) , better known by the ring name `` Stone Cold '' Steve Austin , is an American actor , media personality , producer , and retired professional wrestler who is signed to a Legends contract with WWE . Veteran pro wrestling journalist Wade Keller remarked that Austin is `` in every conversation for the greatest wrestling act of all time '' , as well as for `` the most profitable and the most influential '' . He enjoyed a successful mid card career as `` Stunning '' Steve Austin in World Championship Wrestling ( WCW ) and a stint as a main event performer in Extreme Championship Wrestling ( ECW ) during the early and mid 1990s , before signing with the World Wrestling Federation ( WWF , now WWE ) in 1995 as The Ringmaster . Rebranded `` Stone Cold '' Steve Austin the following year , he gained significant mainstream popularity as a disrespectful , beer-drinking antihero who routinely defied the establishment and his boss , company chairman Vince McMahon . This persona of Austin 's became the `` poster boy '' of the Attitude Era , a boom period in WWF business in the latter 1990s and early 2000s . He also devised the long-standing `` What ? '' chant in pro wrestling . Several prominent industry figures , including McMahon , have declared Austin to be the biggest star in WWF/E history , while stressing that he surpassed the popularity of Hulk Hogan . Austin held 19 championships throughout his wrestling career ; he is a six-time WWF Champion , a two-time WWF Intercontinental Champion , and a four-time WWF Tag Team Champion , thus making him the fifth Triple Crown Champion in WWE history , while also being a two-time WCW United States Heavyweight Champion , a two-time WCW World Television Champion , a one-time WCW World Tag Team Champion , and a one-time NWA World Tag Team Champion in WCW . He was also the winner of the 1996 King of the Ring tournament , as well as the 1997 , 1998 , and 2001 Royal Rumbles , making him the only three-time winner of the event . Furthermore , he was awarded the unsanctioned Million Dollar Championship by Ted DiBiase . Austin has headlined multiple pay-per-view events for the WWF , including three WrestleManias ( XIV , XV , and X-Seven ) . He was forced to retire from in-ring competition in 2003 due to a series of knee injuries and a serious neck injury . Throughout the rest of 2003 and 2004 , he was featured as the Co-General Manager and `` Sheriff '' of Raw . Since 2005 , he has continued to make occasional appearances , and was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame in 2009 by Vince McMahon . In 2011 , Austin returned to WWE to host the reboot of the reality series Tough Enough .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a7b3bc61bc9195af3e53cf9a7cb33ef0", "text": "WrestleMania 33 WrestleMania 33 was the thirty-third annual WrestleMania professional wrestling pay-per-view ( PPV ) event produced by WWE . In addition to standard PPV outlets , it was broadcast simultaneously on the WWE Network . It took place on April 2 , 2017 at Camping World Stadium in Orlando , Florida . WrestleMania 33 was a joint-promotion event for the Raw and SmackDown brands , the first since WrestleMania XXVII in 2011 as the brand split ended that year , but was reintroduced in July 2016 . Thirteen matches were contested at the event , including three on the pre-show . For the first time since WrestleMania 29 in 2013 , two world championships were contested : Raw 's Universal Championship and SmackDown 's WWE Championship ; it marked the first time that the Universal Championship , SmackDown Women 's Championship , and new Cruiserweight Championship were defended at WrestleMania . In the main event , Roman Reigns defeated The Undertaker in a No Holds Barred match , giving Undertaker his second loss at WrestleMania . It was Undertaker 's unannounced retirement match , ending his 27-year in-ring career in the WWE . In addition , Brock Lesnar defeated Goldberg to become the new Universal Champion and Randy Orton defeated Bray Wyatt to win his ninth WWE Championship . The event also marked the surprise return of The Hardy Boyz , who won the Raw Tag Team Championship . It was also the first WrestleMania to be on the air past midnight Eastern time . WWE claimed an attendance of 75,245 for WrestleMania 33 . This number has been disputed , as The A.V. Club wrote that it was `` almost certainly a fake number '' as WWE `` has had a reputation for wildly inflating the attendance figure -- as Vince McMahon once said on an investor 's call , the fake number is for entertainment purposes '' , while wrestling journalist Dave Meltzer described it as `` a total worked number even more than usual '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea71a9f054e6fe55bed434a01bc5ba3f", "text": "The Great American Bash (2005) The Great American Bash ( 2005 ) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view ( PPV ) event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment ( WWE ) . It was the second annual event and took place on July 24 , 2005 , at the HSBC Arena in Buffalo , New York . The event featured wrestlers and other talent that performed on the SmackDown ! program . The main event was Batista defending the World Heavyweight Championship against John `` Bradshaw '' Layfield ( JBL ) . JBL won the match after Batista was disqualified , but did not win the title because a championship can only be won via pinfall or submission . One of the featured matches on the undercard was Rey Mysterio versus Eddie Guerrero , which Mysterio won by pinfall . The other was Orlando Jordan versus Chris Benoit for the WWE United States Championship , which Jordan won , also by pinfall . The event grossed over US$ 375,000 in ticket sales from an attendance of 8,000 , and received about 233,000 pay-per-view buys , the same amount as the following year 's event . This enabled WWE 's pay-per-view revenue to increase by $ 4.7 million from the previous year . When the 2005 event was released on DVD , it reached a peak position of second on Billboard 's DVD Sales Chart . The event was also available free of charge for Armed Forces members and their families .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7509f4e711e5191e647cfae879fcbc12", "text": "Bret \"Hit Man\" Hart: The Best There Is, the Best There Was, the Best There Ever Will Be Bret `` Hit Man '' Hart : The Best There Is , The Best There Was , The Best There Ever Will Be also known as The Bret Hart Story : The Best There Is , The Best There Was , The Best There Ever Will Be is a best selling DVD documentary film released as part of a three-DVD set on November 15 , 2005 , by World Wrestling Entertainment ( WWE ) . The documentary chronicles the career of popular WWE wrestler Bret Hart . Hart collaborated with WWE to make the documentary , contributing hours of interview content to the film . This collaboration marked the first time Hart had worked in an on camera capacity with WWE since the Montreal Screwjob , which was Hart 's last in-ring appearance with the company until his return on January 4 , 2010 . The documentary chronicles Bret Hart 's wrestling career , from how he broke into the business as a member of the Hart family to his run in World Championship Wrestling ( WCW ) . Highlights of matches from his days in his father 's Stampede Wrestling promotion , as well as his time in the World Wrestling Federation ( WWF ) and WCW are shown while insight is provided from Hart about what went on behind the scenes . This is the second documentary about Bret Hart , the first being Hitman Hart : Wrestling with Shadows ( which was produced with cooperation by the WWF , but not released by WWF/E Home Video ) which chronicles Hart 's last days wrestling in the WWF and talks about his relationship with his brother Owen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da946da9a13bfc0dde234306c638c5a2", "text": "WWE One Night Stand WWE One Night Stand was a professional wrestling pay-per-view ( PPV ) event , produced every June by WWE , a professional wrestling promotion based in Connecticut . The event was created in 2005 , with its inaugural event taking place in June of that year . The event 's name refers to its original format , that being a one night reunion show for former Extreme Championship Wrestling alumni . The first two shows were promoted under the ECW acronym ; this however was changed for the 2007 and 2008 events . As WWE launched their own version of ECW in 2006 , these two shows were promoted under the WWE acronym . The final event under the One Night Stand name was in 2008 before being renamed to Extreme Rules in 2009 . This event was noted by WWE to be a direct continuation of the One Night Stand chronology . However , the 2010 event was later promoted as only the second event under a new chronology , one that is no longer a direct continuation of the One Night Stand event .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0183aabef60a2264726875d450666e25", "text": "In Your House In Your House was a pay-per-view ( PPV ) series created by the World Wrestling Federation ( WWF , now WWE ) that aired from May 1995 to April 1999 . The original concept was that , in months when the WWF was not holding one of its major PPV events ( WrestleMania , King of the Ring , SummerSlam , Survivor Series , and Royal Rumble , which at the time ran for three hours and retailed for $ 29.95 ) , they would offer a two-hour PPV , priced at US$ 14.95 . The price was raised to $ 19.95 starting in December 1995 with In Your House 5 . The WWF did this in response to a move by competitor World Championship Wrestling ( WCW ) to increase their annual pay-per-view events ( in 1995 , WCW held 9 PPV events ; in 1996 , 10 and finally started airing monthly events in 1997 ) . Notwithstanding the addition of more WWF events , WCW 's events regularly ran between 2.5 -- 3 hours . Starting in September 1997 , the WWF expanded all of its In Your House events to three hours , thus matching the runtime of its major PPV events . The WWF retired the In Your House branding for its monthly pay-per-views following April 1999 's Backlash : In Your House event , as the company moved to install permanent names for each of its monthly events . The similar branding of this series was then used for the NXT TakeOver series in 2014 . The WWF Championship would never change hands at any event in the In Your House series . A new champion was crowned only once , in a four corners elimination match for the vacant title at February 1997 's In Your House 13 : Final Four ; Shawn Michaels was forced to relinquish the championship due to injury three days earlier , turning what was originally a number one contender 's match into a title match .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8e4a50d3049804d71c9435307d1ee619", "text": "Backlash (2003) Backlash ( 2003 ) was the fifth annual Backlash professional wrestling pay-per-view ( PPV ) event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment ( WWE ) . It was presented by Castrol GTX , and took place on April 27 , 2003 , at the Worcester Centrum in Worcester , Massachusetts and starred talent from the promotion 's Raw and SmackDown ! brands . The main event and featured match of the Raw brand was the encounter of Goldberg and The Rock , where Goldberg , in his first WWE Pay-Per-View , defeated Rock by pinfall , following a spear and a Jackhammer . The featured match on the undercard was a WWE Championship match from the SmackDown ! brand , between John Cena and the reigning champion , Brock Lesnar , where Lesnar defeated Cena by pinfall after an F-5 . The other predominant match on the undercard was a six-man tag team match from the Raw brand , between the team of Triple H , Ric Flair , and Chris Jericho facing Shawn Michaels , Kevin Nash , and Booker T. Triple H , Flair , and Jericho won the match by pinfall , after Triple H hit Nash with a sledgehammer . The predominant undercard match from the SmackDown ! brand was the encounter of The Big Show and Rey Mysterio , where Big Show pinned Mysterio after a chokeslam . The event grossed $ 450,000 with 10,000 ticket sales and had a 0.67 buyrate . Following the event , Goldberg began a feud with Chris Jericho . At Bad Blood , Goldberg defeated Jericho via pinfall after a Jackhammer . Brock Lesnar began a storyline with The Big Show over the WWE Championship . At Judgment Day , Lesnar defeated The Big Show in a Stretcher match to retain the WWE Championship . Triple H engaged in a storyline with Kevin Nash over the World Heavyweight Championship . At Judgment Day , Nash defeated Triple H via disqualification ; due to WWE regulations , Triple H retained the championship .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eea07251d26f5fac4e64d0b1a40f2e19", "text": "The Hardy Boyz The Hardy Boyz , often referred to simply as The Hardys , are a professional wrestling tag team , consisting of real-life brothers Jeff and Matt Hardy . They are currently signed to the WWE under the Raw brand , and are the brand 's current Tag Team Champions . They first began teaming together in 1993 in independent promotions in North Carolina , winning the NWA 2000 Tag Team Championship in NWA 2000 , and founded the Organization of Modern Extreme Grappling Arts , where they held the OMEGA Tag Team Championship . They both signed contracts with the World Wrestling Federation ( WWF , now WWE ) in 1998 . In 2000 , they were joined by Lita , and the trio became Team Xtreme . After splitting as a team in 2002 , the brothers reunited in 2006 and teamed sporadically afterward . They also appeared in Total Nonstop Action Wrestling ( TNA , now known as Impact Wrestling ) , briefly reuniting in 2011 as members of Immortal , and teaming more frequently from 2014 -- 2017 . The Hardy Boyz gained fame for their participation in ladder matches and Tables , Ladders , and Chairs matches with The Dudley Boyz/Team 3D and Edge and Christian . Overall , they are 11-time world tag team champions between WWE , TNA , and ROH , having won the WWF/World Tag Team Championship six times , the WWE Raw Tag Team Championship once , the WCW Tag Team Championship once in WWF/E , the TNA World Tag Team Championship twice , and the ROH World Tag Team Championship once.Considered as one of the greatest tag teams of all time , they are the only team to have held the WWF/World , WCW , TNA , ROH , and WWE Raw Tag Team Championships . On the independent circuit , the brothers hold tag team championships in All Star Wrestling , The Crash , Wrestling Superstar , and OMEGA , the final of which Matt is also the Heavyweight Champion . Both brothers also won singles championships during their runs , with each becoming multi-time world champions in their own right . In 2017 , they held seven Tag Team Championships from seven different promotions at the same time , including the ROH World Tag Team Championship . They are the only tag team in history to be recognized as the TNA and ROH Tag Team Champions simultaneously . At WrestleMania 33 , the Hardy Boyz made their surprising return to the WWE after eight years and won the Raw Tag Team Championship . This makes them the only tag team in history to hold all three top tag titles in North American wrestling in a month 's span .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "107fb073be09397ae6bb7f72a2a4132a", "text": "Curt Hawkins Brian Myers ( born April 20 , 1985 ) is an American professional wrestler and promoter currently signed with WWE under the ring name Curt Hawkins on the Raw brand . Hawkins initially competed in WWE from 2006 to 2014 , and returned to the company in 2016 after wrestling on the independent circuit . Myers is a two-time World Tag Team Champion being a one-time WWE Tag Team Champion with Zack Ryder and one-time TNA World Tag Team Champion with Trevor Lee .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3b2b993a806dffbff63b10dc40aa5fb1", "text": "Bad Blood (2003) Bad Blood ( 2003 ) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view ( PPV ) event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment ( WWE ) and presented by Maxim Hair Color , which took place on June 15 , 2003 , at the Compaq Center in Houston , Texas . It was the second event produced under the Bad Blood name and starred wrestlers from the Raw brand . This event marked the beginning of worldwide pay-per-views ( with the exception of the older and more significant Royal Rumble , WrestleMania , SummerSlam and Survivor Series pay-per-views ) being brand exclusive ( UK-only pay-per-views had been brand exclusive since Insurrextion 2002 ) . The main event was a Hell in a Cell match , featuring wrestlers fighting in a ring surrounded by a steel structure . In this match , World Heavyweight Champion Triple H defeated Kevin Nash to retain his title . Two predominant bouts were featured on the undercard ; in respective singles matches , Ric Flair defeated Shawn Michaels and Goldberg defeated Chris Jericho . The event marked the second time the Hell in a Cell format was used by WWE in a Bad Blood event ; the first was at In Your House : Badd Blood in 1997 . The 2003 Bad Blood event grossed over $ 500,000 ticket sales from an attendance of 10,000 and received about 285,000 pay-per-view buys , which was more than the following year 's event . This event helped WWE increase its yearly pay-per-view revenue by $ 6.2 million from the previous year . When the event was released on DVD , it reached a peak position of second on Billboard 's DVD Sales Chart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bbb89dfbe79508ea40cecc383bcf4161", "text": "Armageddon (2006) Armageddon ( 2006 ) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view ( PPV ) event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment ( WWE ) and presented by Activision 's Call of Duty 3 , which took place on December 17 , 2006 , at the Richmond Coliseum in Richmond , Virginia . The event starred wrestlers from the SmackDown ! brand . The main event was a tag team match , in which the team of Batista and John Cena defeated the team of King Booker and Finlay . Two featured bouts were scheduled on the undercard , including The Undertaker versus Mr. Kennedy , in a match where the objective was to place an opponent in a hearse located on the entrance stage and drive them out of the arena , which Undertaker won . The other match was an Inferno match featuring wrestlers attempting to set the opponent on fire with flames surrounding the ring . Kane defeated Montel Vontavious Porter . The event grossed over $ 423,500 in ticket sales from an attendance of 8,200 . Canadian Online Explorer 's professional wrestling section rated the WWE Tag Team Championship match a nine out of ten stars , the highest match rating . The event was released on DVD on January 16 , 2007 by Sony Music Entertainment . The DVD reached second on Billboard 's DVD Sales Chart for recreational sports during the week of February 18 , 2007 , and it dropped to the tenth spot the following week .", "title": "" } ]	fever
dc48a387fc5c2ee506b31cd251c50f65	Constantine has plot elements taken from a comic book story arc.	[ { "docid": "d0d4f6d121f785e2cb3936512e7932fe", "text": "Dangerous Habits Dangerous Habits is a six-issue Hellblazer story arc written by Garth Ennis and art by Will Simpson published by DC Comics ' Vertigo imprint . Dangerous Habits collects issues # 41-46 of the Hellblazer series . The story features the occult detective John Constantine , who at that time caught terminal lung cancer , and subsequently conning the Lords of Hell to cure it , mixing contemporary horror with Faustian theme . The comic became a success , being well-received and was the best-selling Vertigo series of that time . It also catapulted Ennis ' career in the American comic book industry . The story was loosely adapted into the movie Constantine released in 2005 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0259eda54044b23281b6c8f477e86e41", "text": "Constantine (film) Constantine is a 2005 American-German occult detective action horror film directed by Francis Lawrence as his feature film directorial debut , starring Keanu Reeves as John Constantine , with Rachel Weisz , Shia LaBeouf , Tilda Swinton , Pruitt Taylor Vince , and Djimon Hounsou . With a screenplay by Kevin Brodbin and Frank Cappello , the film is based on DC Comics ' Hellblazer comic book , with plot elements taken from the `` Dangerous Habits '' story arc ( issues # 4146 ) and the `` Original Sins '' story arc . The character of John Constantine was introduced by comic book writer/creator Alan Moore while writing the Swamp Thing , first appearing there in June 1985 . In 1988 , the character of John Constantine was given his own comic book title , Hellblazer , published by DC Comics . The `` Dangerous Habits '' story arc was written by Garth Ennis in 1991 . The film portrays John Constantine as a cynic with the ability to perceive and communicate with half-angels and half-demons in their true form . He seeks salvation from eternal damnation in Hell for a suicide attempt in his youth . Constantine exorcises demons back to Hell to earn favor with Heaven but has become weary over time . With terminal lung cancer , he helps a troubled police detective learn the truth about her sister 's death while simultaneously unraveling a much larger and darker plot . Constantine was released in the United States and Canada on February 18 , 2005 and in Hong Kong on February 8 , 2005 . The film received mixed reviews and was a box office success , grossing $ 230.9 million worldwide from a $ 100 million budget .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "93e636b66a673b411e265d5a1f5118ee", "text": "Legion of Super-Heroes The Legion of Super-Heroes is a fictional superhero team appearing in books published by DC Comics . Created by writer Otto Binder and artist Al Plastino , the Legion is a group of superpowered beings living in the 30th and 31st centuries of the , and first appears in Adventure Comics # 247 ( April 1958 ) . Initially , the team was closely associated with the original Superboy character ( Superman when he was a teenager ) , and was portrayed as a group of time travelers . Later , the Legion 's origin and back story were fleshed out , and the group was given its own monthly comic . Eventually , Superboy was removed from the team altogether and appeared only as an occasional guest star . The team has undergone two major reboots during its run . The original version was replaced with a new rebooted version following the events of the `` Zero Hour '' storyline in 1994 and another rebooted team was introduced in 2004 . A fourth version of the team , nearly identical to the original version , was introduced in 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1c9d150a583ae9dd0c39c70572dc3b70", "text": "Infinite Comics Infinite Comics is an imprint of comic books published by Marvel Comics , featuring original , made-for-digital stories about the company 's superhero characters , including Spider-Man , Wolverine , the Guardians of the Galaxy , the Silver Surfer , the X-Men and the Avengers . The imprint was launched in 2012 with the publication of Avengers vs. X-Men # 1 : Infinite featuring Nova . Infinite Comics are designed for horizontal , on-screen reading . Rather than telling a story over a series of static pages that are divided into panels , Infinite Comics present screens of content that `` take advantage of the digital format with techniques that would not be possible in a print comic , like dynamic panel transitions and captions or dialogue boxes that appear sequentially on an image at the prompting of the reader . '' The user retains control over the pace of the reading experience , advancing the story with each swipe -- sometimes staggering elements into the existing screen ( for example , a new word balloon ) and at other times revealing an entirely new screen . This narrative technique was inspired by the work of a French comic book artist , Yves Bigerel ( alias `` Balak '' ) , who was recruited by Marvel as artistic consultant , storyboarder and artist .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2a8cb033b86d53815b5e2f24a97c393b", "text": "Blue Lantern Corps The Blue Lantern Corps is a fictional organization appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics , beginning in 2007 in Green Lantern '' vol . 4 # 25 ( December 2007 ) by Geoff Johns and Ethan Van Sciver . Their powers , similar to those of other organizations based around the emotional spectrum , are fueled by the emotion of hope .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cddc20dd18f3e8b71a33154c48dcda9d", "text": "Galactus Galactus is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . Formerly a mortal man , Galactus is a cosmic entity who originally consumed planets to sustain his life force , and serves a functional role in the upkeep of the primary Marvel continuity . Galactus was created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby and first appeared in the comic book Fantastic Four # 48 , published in March 1966 . Lee and Kirby had desired to introduce a character that broke away from the archetype of the standard villain , culminating in the creation of Galactus . In the character 's first appearance Galactus was depicted as a god-like figure who feeds by draining living planets of their energy , and operates without regard to the morality and judgements of mortal beings . Galactus ' initial origin was that of a space explorer named Galan who gained cosmic abilities by passing near a star , but writer Mark Gruenwald further developed the origin of the character , revealing that Galan lived during the previous universe . As Galan 's universe came to an end , Galan merged with the `` Sentience of the Universe '' to become Galactus , an entity that wielded such cosmic power as to require devouring entire planets to sustain his existence . Additional material written by John Byrne , Jim Starlin , and Louise Simonson explored Galactus ' role and purpose in the Marvel Universe , and examined the actions of the character through themes of genocide , manifest destiny , ethics , and natural/necessary existence . Frequently accompanied by a herald ( such as the Silver Surfer ) , the character has appeared as both antagonist and protagonist in central and supporting roles . Since debuting in the Silver Age of Comic Books , Galactus has played a role in over five decades of Marvel continuity . The character has been featured in other Marvel media , such as arcade games , video games , animated television series , and the 2007 film Fantastic Four : Rise of the Silver Surfer . In 2009 , Galactus ranked 5th on IGN 's list of `` Top 100 Comic Book Villains '' , citing the character 's `` larger than life presence '' as making him one of the more important villains ever created . IGN also noted `` Galactus is one of the few villains on our list to really defy the definition of an evil-doer '' as the character is compelled to destroy worlds because of his hunger .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c0613cebcd7fd8f22e33f938530f6082", "text": "Liberators (comics) The Liberators are a group of fictional supervillains appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . These characters appear in comics set in the Ultimate Marvel universe . Created by Mark Millar and Bryan Hitch , they appear in the miniseries The Ultimates 2 . They are effectively the Ultimate universe 's equivalents of the Masters of Evil . The Liberators are a superhuman task force who appear at the climax of the plot arc . They spearhead an invasion of the United States and are from a coalition of nations opposed to the United States ' foreign policy . This international collective is made up of China , Syria , North Korea , Iran , and rogue elements of the French and Russian governments . The Liberators and their overseers are an opposing counterpart to the Ultimates and S.H.I.E.L.D. , respectively . `` We told you to stop making super people , America . We told you not to interfere with cultures you can never understand . This is what happens when your ambitions outstrip your capabilities . The empire takes a fall . Congratulations , ladies and gentlemen ... The Great Satan has just been liberated . '' - The Colonel", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c6aec0a007e477d6278c4bf612f0f5b6", "text": "Planet X (comics) `` Planet X '' is 2004 storyline published by Marvel Comics that ran from New X-Men # 146-150 . The story is the penultimate arc of Grant Morrison 's run as writer on the X-Men , and features the return of Magneto and the death of Jean Grey again .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2e3b95926b91d2ea8b659e788b0e9a3f", "text": "Dark Circle The Dark Circle is a fictional criminal organization in that appears in comic books from DC Comics , primarily part of the Legion of Super-Heroes comic books . They first appeared in 1968 , created by Jim Shooter as a criminal organization founded by five members and populated by a multitude of clones of the original five members . The Dark Circle concept was later modified to consist of members from five core worlds instead of clones . A later version , after DC Comics rebooted their history , was led by Brainiac 4 and had several known Legion of Super-Heroes enemies among their ranks instead of the previous generic masked henchmen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "76e21d3c01504faa5099b793d668a386", "text": "Secret War (comics) Secret War is a 2004 -- 2005 five-issue comic book limited series published by Marvel Comics . The series is written by Brian Michael Bendis and painted by Gabriele Dell ` Otto . It is loosely based on classified operations told to Bendis by an anonymous high-ranking officer in the United States Intelligence Community during Bendis ' childhood . The storyline involves a large-scale super-hero crossover featuring Marvel characters such as Spider-Man , Captain America , Wolverine , Daredevil , Luke Cage and Nick Fury fighting a wide array of super-villains who have received hi-tech armaments from a mysterious benefactor . The first issue was published in April 2004 , and though intended originally as a bimonthly publication , it faced long delays . It was completed with issue five 's publication in December 2005 . The aftermath of the series was explored in stories in The Pulse and Bendis has gone on to use many of the same characters in his New Avengers titles . This event begins an eight-year-long series of cross-over events ending with Avengers vs. X-Men . The storyline in Secret War is unrelated to the original Secret Wars and Secret Wars II crossover limited series which Marvel published in the mid-1980s , although its title is clearly inspired by them . Those stories received their own spiritual successor in Beyond ! , published in 2006 . Bendis has noted that Secret War is connected to the `` Secret Invasion '' storyline , in which Skrulls have infiltrated several institutions of Earth .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d7a5a2cda2ca5d3ac3663e935d4d3bf", "text": "Batman: Whatever Happened to the Caped Crusader? `` Whatever Happened to the Caped Crusader ? '' is a 2009 story featuring the DC Comics character Batman . The story is published in two parts , in the `` final '' issues of the series Batman ( # 686 ) and Detective Comics ( # 853 ) , released February and April respectively . Written by Neil Gaiman , pencilled by Andy Kubert , and inked by Scott Williams , the story is purported to be the `` last '' Batman story in the wake of severe psychological trauma that Batman endures within the Batman R.I.P. story , and his ultimate fate in Final Crisis . The story 's title is a reference to the backup stories published in DC Comics Presents from the early 1970s to the mid-1980s ( which revisited various long-unused Golden Age and Silver Age characters ; these stories were all titled `` Whatever Happened to ( x ) ? '' ) akin to writer Alan Moore 's `` last '' Superman story Whatever Happened to the Man of Tomorrow ? .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8e0d8fdc0fbe4e2b3fee74e9e7c63619", "text": "Batman: Anarky Batman : Anarky is a 1999 trade paperback published by DC Comics . The book collects prominent appearances of Anarky , a comic book character created by Alan Grant and Norm Breyfogle . Although all of the collected stories were written by Alan Grant , various artists contributed to individual stories . Dual introductions were written by the creatorsboth of whom introduce the character and give insight into their role in Anarky 's creation and development . Featured as an antagonist in various Batman comics during the '90s , stories based on the character were highly thematic , political , and philosophical in tone . The majority of the collected stories ( `` Anarky in Gotham City '' , `` Anarky : Tomorrow Belongs to Us '' , `` Anarky '' ) are influenced by the philosophy of anarchism , while the final story ( `` Metamorphosis '' ) is influenced by Frank R. Wallace . Although anti-statism is the overarching theme of the collection , other concepts are explored . Anarky 's characterization was expanded throughout the stories to present him first as a libertarian socialist and anarchist , and in the final story as a vehicle for explorations into atheism , rationalism , and bicameralism . Literary references are also utilized throughout the collected stories to stress the philosophical foundations of the character . The collection also tracks the character 's evolution from a petty , street-crime fighting vigilante , to a competent freedom fighter in opposition to powerful forces of evil . Critics have positively received some of the stories within the collection , analyzing Anarky as a unique force for political commentary and discussion within DC Comics ' storytelling . However , the expansive growth of the character 's unique abilities and characterization has also fueled criticism as having overpowered the character beyond suspension of disbelief .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ced05eef9ffac83662b4e2c14f405499", "text": "Captain Marvel (DC Comics) Captain Marvel , also known as Shazam , is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics . Artist C. C. Beck and writer Bill Parker created the character in 1939 . Captain Marvel first appeared in Whiz Comics # 2 ( cover-dated Feb. 1940 ) , published by Fawcett Comics . He is the alter ego of Billy Batson , a boy who , by speaking the magic word `` SHAZAM '' ( acronym of 6 Greek `` immortal elders '' - Solomon , Hercules , Atlas , Zeus , Achilles , and Mercury ) , can transform himself into a costumed adult with the powers of superhuman strength , speed , flight , and other abilities . Based on book sales , the character was the most popular superhero of the 1940s , outselling even Superman . Fawcett expanded the franchise to include other `` Marvels '' , primarily Marvel Family associates Mary Marvel and Captain Marvel Jr. , who can harness Billy 's powers as well . Captain Marvel was also the first comic book superhero to be adapted into film , in a 1941 Republic Pictures serial titled Adventures of Captain Marvel . Fawcett ceased publishing Captain Marvel-related comics in 1953 , partly because of a copyright infringement suit from DC Comics , alleging that Captain Marvel was a copy of Superman . In 1972 , DC licensed the Marvel Family characters from Fawcett , and returned them to publication . By 1991 , DC had acquired all rights to the characters . DC has since integrated Captain Marvel and the Marvel Family into their DC Universe and has attempted to revive the property several times , with mixed success . Due to trademark conflicts over another character named `` Captain Marvel '' owned by Marvel Comics since 1967 , DC chose to publish the character 's adventures in a comic book titled Shazam ! for many years , leading many to assume that this was the character 's name . DC later officially renamed the character `` Shazam '' when relaunching its comic book properties in 2011 . In addition , since 1972 , the character has been featured in two television series adaptations , one live action and one animated , by Filmation , and an upcoming Warner Bros. . Shazam ! feature film scheduled for release in 2019 as part of the DC Extended Universe . Captain Marvel was ranked as the 55th greatest comic book character of all time by Wizard magazine . IGN also ranked Captain Marvel as the 50th greatest comic book hero of all time , stating that the character will always be an enduring reminder of a simpler time . UGO Networks ranked him as one of the top heroes of entertainment , saying , `` At his best , Shazam has always been Superman with a sense of crazy , goofy fun '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2b8c8085016bfdb091f17fe3b98fcf31", "text": "Batwing (DC Comics) Batwing is a fictional comic book superhero appearing in publications by DC Comics . Within DC Comics internal continuity , Batwing is one of several superheroes patterned after the famous superhero Batman . Batwing , in particular , was conceived by Batman as his crime-fighting counterpart overseas , ` the Batman of Africa ' . The first Batwing is David Zavimbe , a Congolese police officer , created by writer Grant Morrison within the pages of Batman Incorporated prior to receiving his own eponymous series . Following later events within Batman Incorporated and Batwing , Zavimbe is replaced in the role by Luke Fox , an American mixed martial artist who had been Batman 's first choice in the role , who is also the son of Batman 's close associate Lucius Fox . Batwing faces a roster of adversaries ranging from international super villains to the Democratic Republic of Congo 's corrupt police force . Batwing expands the DC Universe by taking place in Africa , making David Zavimbe both the first ( in continuity ) black Batman and one of the few characters headlining a series outside the United States . Fox is also black , and becomes the first in-continuity African American Batman .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "44d7272f657b1f75eb906c87f6856ed7", "text": "Catherine Cobert Catherine Maureen Cobert is a fictional character published by DC Comics . She first appeared in Justice League International vol . 1 # 8 ( December , 1987 ) , and was created by Keith Giffen , J. M. DeMatteis and Kevin Maguire .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "61552b2a4742be1905cb10a59cb0b21d", "text": "Dark Side Club The Dark Side Club is a fictional underground club in DC Comics , coming to prominence in the Final Crisis limited series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bbdf564ca2264907ce793fef0385720d", "text": "The New Avengers (comics) The New Avengers is a fictional team of superheroes appearing in comic books published by Marvel Comics . The title has been used for four American comic book series . The first two were written by Brian Michael Bendis and depicted a version of Marvel 's premiere superhero team , the Avengers . The third was written by Jonathan Hickman and depicted a group of characters called the Illuminati ( formerly introduced in New Avengers Vol . 1 # 7 -LSB- July 2005 -RSB- ) . The fourth is written by Al Ewing and depicts the former scientific terrorist group A.I.M. , reformed as `` Avengers Idea Mechanics '' , whose field team has appropriated the name `` New Avengers '' for itself .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ceb864aeeda851a9e3d52c7fd6ac9655", "text": "Here Comes Tomorrow `` Here Comes Tomorrow '' is the eighth and final story arc in Grant Morrison 's run on the Marvel Comics series New X-Men , which ran from issues # 151-154 ( 2005 ) . The storyline featured many controversial elements , such as Cyclops moving forward with his relationship with Emma Frost ( prompted by his dead wife ) , the Stepford Cuckoos being revealed as a development in the Weapon Plus Program , John Sublime being a sentient bacterium bent on bringing evolution to a halt and hints that the Xavier Institute student Ernst and Cassandra Nova are the same person . The Official Handbook to the Marvel Universe : Alternate Universes has given the numerical designation of Earth-15104 to the Here Comes Tomorrow timeline .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d234d4a641c49429238cb1950043a61a", "text": "Events from the Modern Age of Comic Books One of the key aspects of the Modern Age of Comic Books was that it was the beginning of big events . In 1984 , Marvel Comics debuted the first large crossover , Secret Wars , a storyline featuring the company 's most prolific superheroes , which overlapped into a 12-issue limited series and many monthly comic books . A year later , DC Comics introduced its first large scale crossover , Crisis on Infinite Earths , which had long-term effects on the `` DC Universe '' continuity . In the early and mid-1990s , big events were regularly published by Marvel and DC , often leading to extra publicity and sales . These events helped fend-off competition from Image Comics , and such events were more likely to become `` collector 's items . '' Some events , such as DC 's `` Zero Hour '' and Marvel 's `` Onslaught saga '' spanned a publisher 's entire line while others only affected a `` family '' of interrelated titles . The X-Men and Batman franchises featured crossovers almost annually . Some of the most significant mid-1990s events , such as Spider-Man 's `` Clone Saga , '' Batman 's `` Batman : Knightfall '' and particularly , `` The Death of Superman '' caused dramatic changes to long-running characters and received coverage in the mainstream media . These events led to significant sales boosts and publicity , but many fans began to criticize them as excessive and lacking compelling storytelling . They also complained that monthly series had become inaccessible because one had to follow a number of comics to understand the full storyline . By the end of the 1990s , the number of large crossovers decreased , but they were still launched sporadically .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7ac220a9d6b8fa6eb88bf298031f7a21", "text": "The Flash (2014 TV series) The Flash is an American television series developed by Greg Berlanti , Andrew Kreisberg and Geoff Johns , airing on The CW . It is based on the DC Comics character Barry Allen / Flash , a costumed superhero crime-fighter with the power to move at superhuman speeds . It is a spin-off from Arrow , existing in the same fictional universe . The series follows Allen , portrayed by Grant Gustin , a crime scene investigator who gains super-human speed , which he uses to fight criminals , including others who have also gained superhuman abilities . Initially envisioned as a backdoor pilot , the positive reception Gustin received during two appearances as Barry on Arrow led to executives choosing to develop a full pilot to make use of a larger budget and help flesh out Barry 's world in more detail . Colleen Atwood , costume designer for Arrow , was brought in to design the Flash 's suit . The creative team wanted to make sure that the Flash would resemble his comic book counterpart , and not simply be a poor imitation . The series is primarily filmed in Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada . The Flash premiered in North America on October 7 , 2014 , where the pilot became the second-most watched premiere in the history of The CW , after The Vampire Diaries in 2009 . It has been well received by critics and audiences , and won the People 's Choice Award for `` Favorite New TV Drama '' in 2014 . The series was renewed for a third season in March 2016 , which premiered on October 4 , 2016 . The series , together with Arrow , has spun characters out to their own show , Legends of Tomorrow , which premiered on January 21 , 2016 . On January 8 , 2017 , The CW renewed the show for a fourth season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "95aab0e5b739dfd04e49502582711fee", "text": "Robotech (novels) In 1987 , the Robotech animated series was adapted into novel form by authors James Luceno and Brian Daley and published by Del Rey Books . Having previously collaborated on the animated series Galaxy Rangers , the pair 's Robotech novels were released under the unified pseudonym of `` Jack McKinney '' . Using fictitious epigraphs in the style of Dune , McKinney 's novels escaped the limitations inherent in the dubbed cartoon and fleshed out its chronology in greater detail ; most significantly , by adapting the storyline of the aborted sequel project , `` The Sentinels '' . The entire series lasted for twenty-one books , the first fifteen of which were later collected into five three-book omnibus compilations in the early 1990s . The original twelve novels were written to a tight twelve-month deadline , so that the books could be released one per month . Under this deadline , Daley and Luceno divided the Robotech timeline into twelve segments and worked on different segments simultaneously ( i.e. Daley wrote Book 1 while Luceno wrote Book 2 ) , then traded completed manuscripts for revision and style adjustments . As part of the research project , they watched the TV series many times , and consulted heavily with Carl Macek . The first two omnibus collections , comprising the entirety of the `` Macross Saga '' , were reissued in 2003 to tie in with the release of the Robotech : Battlecry video game . Then , in 2007 , the next two omnibus collections , covering the remainder of the television series , were re-released as tie-ins to the animated movie , Robotech : The Shadow Chronicles . However , a revision of the Robotech timeline made by Harmony Gold alongside the release of the movie caused some continuity clashes with the McKinney novels , which were relegated to a `` secondary '' position in Robotech canon . To work around this , the Southern Cross and Invid Invasion collections contain new appendices written by Robotech fan Jonathan L. Switzer correcting any newborn mistakes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5634cf8095139d0e09af1034178a7070", "text": "Dark X-Men The Dark X-Men are a fictional team appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . They made their debut during the crossover between Dark Avengers and Uncanny X-Men written by Matt Fraction , as part of the broader Dark Reign storyline . Each member but Namor has been handpicked by then -- H.A.M.M.E.R. director Norman Osborn for his own criminal agenda . The team was never officially called the `` Dark X-Men '' ( which was the name of the comics series , not the team ) . Instead , they were simply called the `` X-Men '' and were a government-sponsored team trying to take advantage of the name recognition of Charles Xavier 's X-Men , to which they had no official connection ( much like Osborn 's Avengers team was pretending to be the real Avengers ) .", "title": "" } ]	fever
7449d6e80742abb2637f410f6bb56968	Vitamin B-12 plays a key role in the formation of red blood cells.	[ { "docid": "86230a2713665557ffafafe5a92f049a", "text": "Vitamin B12 Vitamin B12 , also called cobalamin , is a water-soluble vitamin that has a key role in the normal functioning of the brain and nervous system , and the formation of red blood cells . It is one of eight B vitamins . It is involved in the metabolism of every cell of the human body , especially affecting DNA synthesis , fatty acid and amino acid metabolism . No fungi , plants , or animals ( including humans ) are capable of producing vitamin B12 . Only bacteria and archaea have the enzymes needed for its synthesis . Some substantial sources of B12 include animal products ( shellfish , meat ) , fortified food products , and dietary supplements . B12 is the largest and most structurally complicated vitamin and can be produced industrially only through bacterial fermentation synthesis , typically used to manufacture B12 for fortified foods and supplements . Vitamin B12 consists of a class of chemically related compounds ( vitamers ) , all of which show pharmacological activity . It contains the biochemically rare element cobalt ( chemical symbol Co ) positioned in the center of a planar tetra-pyrrole ring called a corrin ring . The vitamer is produced by bacteria as hydroxocobalamin , but conversion between different forms of the vitamin occurs in the body after consumption . Vitamin B12 was discovered as a result of its relationship to the disease pernicious anemia , an autoimmune disease in which parietal cells of the stomach responsible for secreting intrinsic factor are destroyed ; these cells are also responsible for secreting acid in the stomach . Because intrinsic factor is crucial for the normal absorption of B12 , its lack in the presence of pernicious anemia causes a vitamin B12 deficiency . Many other subtler kinds of vitamin B12 deficiency and their biochemical effects have since been elucidated . Due to impairment of vitamin B12 absorption during aging , people over age 60 are at risk of deficiency .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "a739f5f8c79be400f0d81e47efe9a73b", "text": "Synactive Theory of Newborn Behavioral Organization and Development The Synactive Theory of Newborn Behavioral Organization and Development ( Synaction n. , or Synactive adj. -LSB- from the Greek syn `` together '' and the Latin actio `` action , '' resulting in : `` together in action '' -RSB- ) suggests that development of the human fetus , and later newborn , proceeds through the constant balancing of approach and avoidance behaviors , leading to : 1 ) a continuous interaction of the subsystems ( i.e. , Autonomic , Motor , State and Attention/Interaction , and Regulatory ) and their increasingly defined delineations within the organism , that is the infant , and 2 ) the organism 's interaction with the environment at large . This process is aimed at bringing about the increasingly well-defined species-unique developmental agenda . Figure 1 ( below ) , provides a graphic representation of the Synactive Theory of development , as applied to both fetal and newborn stages . It focuses upon the infant 's within-organism , four subsystems of functioning , and their continuous interaction with each other and with the environment across time ( i.e. , `` together in action , '' or synaction ) . The four subsystems include the : Autonomic Subsystem : Expressed in the pattern of respiration ( e.g. , fast , slow , pauses ) color changes ( e.g. , pink , pale , red ) , neurological indicators ( e.g. , seizures , tremulousness ) , and visceral or gut signals such as bowel movements , gagging , and hiccoughing ; Motor Subsystem : Observable through the tone , posture and movement patterns of the infant ; State and Attention/Interaction Subsystem : Expressed via : 1 ) the range of states available to the infant ( i.e. , deep sleep , light sleep , drowsy , alert , hyperalert , and cry ) , 2 ) how clearly it is to observably differentiate one state from the other , and 3 ) the patterns of transitions from one state to another ( e.g. , smooth well-differentiated state transitions versus abrupt unorganized state transitions ) . The attention/interaction system is set within this state continuum ( i.e. , from deep sleep to cry ) and represented by the infant 's ability to adjust the robustness and increasing refinement of an alert , attentive state . The infant uses this state to take in cognitive and social information from the environment as well as to bring forth and modify inputs from the surrounding world ; and Regulatory Subsystem : Behaviorally represented via the observable strategies the infant uses ( Self-Regulation ) in maintaining a balanced , relatively stable and relaxed state of subsystem of functioning or in returning to this a state of subsystem functioning if imbalance , or stress has occurred within the subsystems . An additional component of the regulatory subsystem is observable in the kind and amount of support offered by the caregiver ( e.g. , supporting a soft , tucked , flexed position of the infant 's arms and legs ) or by the environment ( e.g. , dimming the lights in the nursery ) . This Co-Regulation may be necessary to help the infant 's return to balance in situations when his/her own self-regulatory capacities are exceeded . Reproduced with permission from Als , H. Toward a synactive theory of development : Promise for the assessment of infant individuality . Infant Mental Health Journal . 1982 : ( 3 ) : 229-243 ; p. 234 . The graphic representation of the Synactive Theory above depicts the developing organism , that is , the infant , in constant interaction with the environment from within the womb to the newborn intensive care unit ( NICU ) , and the caregiving family 's support in the NICU , to the family in their home . Newborn infants are actively striving for their next steps in development , while depending upon `` good enough '' environments and care to assure progress along their developmental agenda . The Synactive Theory of Development continues to be instrumental in guiding clinicians ( e.g. , neonatologist , nurses , psychologists , developmental specialists , physical/occupational therapists , etc. ) and researchers in their understanding of the often very small steps in development that prematurely born and other high risk newborns attempt to accomplish ( which are major steps for their immature or injured brain ) . This theory gives professionals the framework and tools with which to identify the infant 's strengths , challenges and accomplishments . Such accomplishments may include breathing , sucking and swallowing in a coordinated sequence ; moving food down into and through the stomach and intestinal track instead of upwards , leading to reflux and vomiting ; looking at the caregiver and breathing at the same time , as well as many others . The Synactive Theory is the foundation of both : 1 ) the Assessment of Preterm Infants ' Behavior ( APIB ) , a standardized comprehensive newborn test , and 2 ) the Newborn Individualized Developmental Care and Assessment Program ( NIDCAP ) , which is the care and intervention approach , that focuses on each infant 's behavioral cues ( e.g. , hand ( s ) to mouth , bracing with feet against a supporting surface ) in order to support the infant 's strengths and reduce the infant 's vulnerabilities . The infant 's family is viewed as the infant 's most important nurturer and is integrated in all care from the infant 's birth on throughout the infant 's hospitalization .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c504f837194a91391b1390a15ab2201f", "text": "Stroke in China Recent epidemiologic studies confirm that stroke is the most frequent cause of death in the People 's Republic of China , with an incidence more than fivefold that of myocardial infarction . Intracerebral hemorrhage causes about one third of all strokes , nearly three times the frequency in North American stroke registries . A marked regional variation in stroke incidence exists , with a threefold higher stroke incidence in northern than in southern Chinese cities , suggesting important environmental or dietary influences . Stroke treatment often involves a combination of modern and traditional herbal medicine ; the latter may modify platelet aggregation and blood viscosity . Stroke , particularly intracerebral hemorrhage , is the most frequent and important vascular disorder in China . China reports more patients with stroke than anywhere else in the world . While there is still a great deal of unknown information , stroke research has been making great progress in recent years , such as in the areas of clinical research , population and genetic epidemiology , brain ischemia/reperfusion exploring , leukoencephalopathy ( CADASIL ) , neural stem cell and stroke , neuroprotective treatment for stroke , clinical therapy test in stroke , rehabilitation and prevention . Cities and towns in China have integrated systems for registering and investigating strokes . Chinese researchers have followed closely the international level of stroke treatment with a forward position in neural stem cell . Traditional Chinese drugs have featured effects on neuroprotective treatment for stroke which has also been investigated . Chinese scientists have suggested a new way of dividing neuroprotectors in stroke . The clinical therapy test with urokinase and defibrase for cerebral infarction in China is effective and relatively safe , yet the original papers published by Chinese researchers and clinical effects for patient treatment still need to be improved and updated .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7cc096686e37a07a589215e43be698d0", "text": "Liver The liver is a vital organ of vertebrates and some other animals . In humans , it is located in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen , below the diaphragm . The liver has a wide range of functions , including detoxification of various metabolites , protein synthesis , and the production of biochemicals necessary for digestion . It also plays a role in metabolism , regulation of glycogen storage , decomposition of red blood cells and hormone production . The liver is a gland . It is an accessory digestive gland and produces bile , an alkaline compound which aids in digestion via the emulsification of lipids . The gallbladder , a small pouch that sits just under the liver , stores bile produced by the liver . The liver 's highly specialized tissue consisting of mostly hepatocytes regulates a wide variety of high-volume biochemical reactions , including the synthesis and breakdown of small and complex molecules , many of which are necessary for normal vital functions . Estimates regarding the organ 's total number of functions vary , but textbooks generally cite it being around 500 . Terminology related to the liver often starts in hepat - from ἡπατο - , the Greek word for liver . There is currently no way to compensate for the absence of liver function in the long term , although liver dialysis techniques can be used in the short term . Artificial livers are yet to be developed to promote long term replacement in the absence of the liver . As of now , liver transplantation is the only option for complete liver failure .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ed3fa13abb90bb991f9e4a1347431771", "text": "Chemotherapy Chemotherapy ( often abbreviated to chemo and sometimes CTX or CTx ) is a category of cancer treatment that uses one or more anti-cancer drugs ( chemotherapeutic agents ) as part of a standardized chemotherapy regimen . Chemotherapy may be given with a curative intent ( which almost always involves combinations of drugs ) , or it may aim to prolong life or to reduce symptoms ( palliative chemotherapy ) . Chemotherapy is one of the major categories of the medical discipline specifically devoted to pharmacotherapy for cancer , which is called medical oncology . By common usage , the term chemotherapy has come to connote the use of rather non-specific intracellular poisons , especially related to inhibiting the process of cell division known as mitosis , and generally excludes agents that more selectively block extracellular growth signals ( i.e. blockers of signal transduction ) . To avoid these connotations for recently developed ( against specific molecular or genetic targets ) therapies which inhibit of growth-promoting signals coming from classic endocrine hormones ( primarily estrogens for breast cancer and androgens for prostate cancer ) is known as hormonal therapy , while the inhibition of other growth-promoting influences ( especially those associated with receptor tyrosine kinases ) is known as targeted therapy . Importantly , the use of drugs ( whether chemotherapy , hormonal therapy or targeted therapy ) constitutes systemic therapy for cancer in that they are introduced into the blood stream and are therefore in principle able to address cancer at any anatomic location in the body . Systemic therapy is often used in conjunction with other modalities that constitute local therapy ( i.e. treatments whose efficacy is confined to the anatomic area where they are applied ) for cancer such as radiation therapy , surgery and/or hyperthermia therapy . Traditional chemotherapeutic agents are cytotoxic by means of interfering with cell division ( mitosis ) but cancer cells vary widely in their susceptibility to these agents . To a large extent , chemotherapy can be thought of as a way to damage or stress cells , which may then lead to cell death if apoptosis is initiated . Many of the side effects of chemotherapy can be traced to damage to normal cells that divide rapidly and are thus sensitive to anti-mitotic drugs : cells in the bone marrow , digestive tract and hair follicles . This results in the most common side-effects of chemotherapy : myelosuppression ( decreased production of blood cells , hence also immunosuppression ) , mucositis ( inflammation of the lining of the digestive tract ) , and alopecia ( hair loss ) . Because of the effect on immune cells ( especially lymphocytes ) , chemotherapy drugs often find use in a host of diseases that result from harmful overactivity of the immune system against self ( so-called autoimmunity ) . These include rheumatoid arthritis , systemic lupus erythematosus , multiple sclerosis , vasculitis and many others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e9b53f02bba80b8c1da2d19f5443460d", "text": "IL12A Interleukin-12 subunit alpha ( IL-12 p35 ) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL12A gene .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d7f4a8a77fe1de598375113700bf8712", "text": "Castle factors Castle ( gastric ) factors , named after the American physician and physiologist W. B. Castle , are biologically active chemical compounds which stimulate haematopoiesis ( formation of blood cellular components ) . There are two distinct factors : Extrinsic factor , much more commonly known as vitamin B12 Intrinsic factor , a glycoprotein produced by the parietal cells of the stomach , which is necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e3f8c717b0fd21def6cc4660e8485438", "text": "BCGF1 B-cell growth factor 1 , 12kDa , also known as BCGF1 , is a human gene .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f5d5f86b6bbb268cb9d4745641608dcf", "text": "Molecular medicine Molecular medicine is a broad field , where physical , chemical , biological , bioinformatics and medical techniques are used to describe molecular structures and mechanisms , identify fundamental molecular and genetic errors of disease , and to develop molecular interventions to correct them . The concept of the distribution of medicine to each individual cell just as oxygen would be an example of the practice of molecular medicine ( via lung chemical reaction manipulation an idea coined by Saniab Jacob ) . The molecular medicine perspective emphasizes cellular and molecular phenomena and interventions rather than the previous conceptual and observational focus on patients and their organs . In November 1949 , with the seminal paper , `` Sickle Cell Anemia , a Molecular Disease '' , in Science magazine , Linus Pauling , Harvey Itano and their collaborators laid the groundwork for establishing the field of molecular medicine . In 1956 , Roger J. Williams wrote Biochemical Individuality , a prescient book about genetics , prevention and treatment of disease on a molecular basis , and nutrition which is now variously referred to as individualized medicine and orthomolecular medicine . Another paper in Science by Pauling in 1968 , introduced and defined this view of molecular medicine that focuses on natural and nutritional substances used for treatment and prevention . Published research and progress was slow until the 1970s ' `` biological revolution '' that introduced many new techniques and commercial applications . Molecular medicine is a new scientific discipline in European universities . Combining contemporary medical studies with the field of biochemistry , it offers a bridge between the two subjects . At present only a handful of universities offer the course to undergraduates . With a degree in this discipline the graduate is able to pursue a career in medical sciences , scientific research , laboratory work and postgraduate medical degrees .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d9ad802b2e3020c6326625a6a88c0579", "text": "IgG deficiency IgG deficiency ( Selective deficiency of immunoglobulin G ) is a form of dysgammaglobulinemia where the proportional levels of the IgG isotype are reduced relative to other immunoglobulin isotypes . IgG deficiency is often found in children as transient hypogammaglobulinemia of infancy ( THI ) , which may occur with or without additional decreases in IgA or IgM . IgG has four subclasses : IgG1 , IgG2 , IgG3 , and IgG4 . It is possible to have either a global IgG deficiency , or a deficiency of one or more specific subclasses of IgG . The main clinically relevant form of IgG deficiency is IgG2 . IgG3 deficiency is not usually encountered without other concomitant immunoglobulin deficiencies , and IgG4 deficiency is very common but usually asymptomatic . IgG1 is present in the bloodstream at a percentage of about 60-70 % , IgG2-20-30 % , IgG3 about 5-8 % , and IgG4 1-3 % . IgG subclass deficiencies affect only IgG subclasses ( usually IgG2 or IgG3 ) , with normal total IgG and IgM immunoglobulins and other components of the immune system being at normal levels . These deficiencies can affect only one subclass or involve an association of two subclasses , such as IgG2 and IgG4 . IgG deficiencies are usually not diagnosed until the age of 10 . Some of the IgG levels in the blood are undetectable and have a low percentage such as IgG4 , which makes it hard to dertermine if a deficiency is actually present . IgG subclass deficiencies are sometimes correlated with bad responses to pneumoccal polyscaccharides , especially IgG2 and or IgG4 deficiency . Some of these deficiencies are also involved with pancreatitis and have been linked to IgG4 levels .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5c57ba54b384e99455af34f83d4aa540", "text": "Interleukin 2 Interleukin-2 ( IL-2 ) is an interleukin , a type of cytokine signaling molecule in the immune system . It is a protein that regulates the activities of white blood cells ( leukocytes , often lymphocytes ) that are responsible for immunity . IL-2 is part of the body 's natural response to microbial infection , and in discriminating between foreign ( `` non-self '' ) and `` self '' . IL-2 mediates its effects by binding to IL-2 receptors , which are expressed by lymphocytes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b753e69f3504f43686b031d11054f58b", "text": "The central science Chemistry is often called the central science because of its role in connecting the physical sciences , which include chemistry , with the life sciences and applied sciences such as medicine and engineering . The nature of this relationship is one of the main topics in the philosophy of chemistry and in scientometrics . The phrase was popularized by its use in a textbook by Theodore L. Brown and H. Eugene LeMay , titled Chemistry : The Central Science , which was first published in 1977 , with a thirteenth edition published in 2014 . The central role of chemistry can be seen in the systematic and hierarchical classification of the sciences by Auguste Comte in which each discipline provides a more general framework for the area it precedes ( mathematics → astronomy → physics → chemistry → physiology and medicine → social sciences ) . Balaban and Klein have more recently proposed a diagram showing partial ordering of sciences in which chemistry may be argued is `` the central science '' since it provides a significant degree of branching . In forming these connections the lower field can not be fully reduced to the higher ones . It is recognized that the lower fields possess emergent ideas and concepts that do not exist in the higher fields of science . Thus chemistry is built on an understanding of laws of physics that govern particles such as atoms , protons , electrons , thermodynamics , etc. although it has been shown that it has not been `` fully ` reduced ' to quantum mechanics '' . Concepts such as the periodicity of the elements and chemical bonds in chemistry are emergent in that they are more than the underlying forces that are defined by physics . In the same way , biology can not be fully reduced to chemistry despite the fact that the machinery that is responsible for life is composed of molecules . For instance , the machinery of evolution may be described in terms of chemistry by the understanding that it is a mutation in the order of genetic base pairs in the DNA of an organism . However , chemistry can not fully describe the process since it does not contain concepts such as natural selection that are responsible for driving evolution . Chemistry is fundamental to biology since it provides a methodology for studying and understanding the molecules that compose cells . Connections made by chemistry are formed through various sub-disciplines that utilize concepts from multiple scientific disciplines . Chemistry and physics are both needed in the areas of physical chemistry , nuclear chemistry , and theoretical chemistry . Chemistry and biology intersect in the areas of biochemistry , medicinal chemistry , molecular biology , chemical biology , molecular genetics , and immunochemistry . Chemistry and the earth sciences intersect in areas like geochemistry and hydrology .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "82d69fa2c484bd9ce215a71f789671dd", "text": "Supravital staining Supravital staining is a method of staining used in microscopy to examine living cells that have been removed from an organism . It differs from intravital staining , which is done by injecting or otherwise introducing the stain into the body . Thus a supravital stain may have a greater toxicity , as only a few cells need to survive it a short while . The term `` vital stain '' is used by some authors to refer specifically to an intravital stain , and by others interchangeably with a supravital stain , the core concept being that the cell being examined is still alive . As the cells are alive and unfixed , outside the body , supravital stains are temporary in nature . The most common supravital stain is performed on reticulocytes using new methylene blue or brilliant cresyl blue , which makes it possible to see the reticulofilamentous pattern of ribosomes characteristically precipitated in these live immature red blood cells by the supravital stains . By counting the number of such cells the rate of red blood cell formation can be determined , providing an insight into bone marrow activity and anemia . This is in contrast to vital staining , when the dye employed is one that is excluded from the living cells so that only dead cells are stained positively . ( Vital stains include dyes like trypan blue and propidium iodide , which are either too bulky or too charged to cross the cell membrane , or which are actively rapidly pumped out by live cells . ) Supravital staining can be combined with cell surface antibody staining ( immunofluorescence ) for applications such as FACS analysis . Immunofluorescence can also be done within the interior of live cells by reversible cell permeabilization using the detergent Triton X-100 . Adjusted carefully to the appropriate concentration for the number of cells , the pretreatment can permit access of molecules between 1 and 150 kilodaltons to the interior of the cell . Although antibodies may be used in a similar way in this context , the term `` supravital stain '' is typically reserved for smaller chemicals which possess suitable properties intrinsically .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "969dc720030aac9a2ad2a7dd6ccb70d8", "text": "Folate Folate , forms of which are known as folic acid and vitamin B9 , is one of the B vitamins . The recommended daily intake level of folate is 400 micrograms from foods or dietary supplements . Folic acid is used to treat anemia caused by folic acid deficiency . It is also used as a supplement by women during pregnancy to prevent neural tube defects ( NTDs ) in the baby . Low levels in early pregnancy are believed to be the cause of more than half of babies born with neural tube defects . More than 50 countries use fortification of certain foods with folic acid as a measure to decrease the rate of NTDs in the population . Long term supplementation is also associated with small reductions in the risk of stroke and cardiovascular disease . It may be taken by mouth or by injection . There are no common side effects . It is not known whether high doses over a long period of time are of concern . There are concerns that large amounts of folic acid might hide vitamin B12 deficiency . Folic acid is essential for the body to make DNA , RNA , and metabolise amino acids which are required for cell division . As humans can not make folic acid , it is required from the diet , making it an essential vitamin . Not consuming enough folate can lead to folate deficiency . This may result in a type of anemia in which low numbers of large red blood cells occur . Symptoms may include feeling tired , heart palpitations , shortness of breath , open sores on the tongue , and changes in the color of the skin or hair . Deficiency in children may develop within a month of poor dietary intake . In adults normal total body folate is between 10,000 -- 30,000 micrograms ( µg ) with blood levels of greater than 7 nmol/L ( 3 ng/mL ) . Folic acid was discovered between 1931 and 1943 . It is on the World Health Organization 's List of Essential Medicines , the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system . The wholesale cost of supplements in the developing world is between 0.001 and 0.005 USD per dose as of 2014 . The term `` folic '' is from the Latin word folium , which means leaf . Folates occur naturally in many foods especially dark green leafy vegetables and liver .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0de021731ac0f6c07ecfecb6b80d1ce9", "text": "Hematopoietic stem cell Hematopoietic stem cells ( HSCs ) or hemocytoblasts are the stem cells that give rise to all the other blood cells through the process of haematopoiesis . They are derived from mesoderm and located in the red bone marrow , which is contained in the core of most bones . HSCs give rise to both the myeloid and lymphoid lineages of blood cells cells . ( Myeloid cells include monocytes , macrophages , neutrophils , basophils , eosinophils , erythrocytes , dendritic cells , and megakaryocytes or platelets . Lymphoid cells include T cells , B cells , and natural killer cells . ) The definition of hematopoietic stem cells has evolved since HSCs were first discovered in 1961 . The hematopoietic tissue contains cells with long-term and short-term regeneration capacities and committed multipotent , oligopotent , and unipotent progenitors . HSCs constitute 1:10.000 of cells in myeloid tissue . HSC studies through much of the past half century have led to a much deeper understanding . More recent advances have resulted in the use of HSC transplants in the treatment of cancers and other immune system disorders .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6299cba5a7118d4bc40ac11066e6be9e", "text": "Megavitamin therapy Megavitamin therapy is the use of large doses of vitamins , often many times greater than the recommended dietary allowance ( RDA ) in the attempt to prevent or treat diseases . Megavitamin therapy is typically used in alternative medicine by practitioners who call their approach `` orthomolecular medicine '' , but also used in mainstream medicine for `` exceedingly rare '' genetic conditions that respond to megadoses of vitamins . Nutrients may be useful in preventing and treating some illnesses , but the conclusions of medical research are that the broad claims of disease treatment by advocates of megavitamin therapy are unsubstantiated by the available evidence . It is generally accepted that doses of any vitamin greatly in excess of nutritional requirements , will result either in toxicity or in the excess simply being metabolised - evidence in favour of vitamin supplementation supports only doses in the normal range . Critics have described some aspects of orthomolecular medicine as food faddism or even quackery . Research on nutrient supplementation in general suggests that some nutritional supplements might be beneficial , and that others might be harmful ; several specific nutritional therapies are associated with an increased likelihood of the condition they are meant to prevent .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9fd2fd2e9c7039bf2a96b0fca452e73a", "text": "Raji cell Raji cell line is the first continuous human cell line from hematopoietic origin . The cell lines produce an unusual strain of Epstein-Barr virus which will both transform cord blood lymphocytes and induce early antigens in Raji cells . Translocations between chromosomes 8 and 22 have occurred in all three lines , but the cells synthesize immunoglobulin M with light chains of the kappa type , in contrast to the usual concordance between a translocation involving chromosome 22 and lambda chain synthesis . Both kappa genes and one lambda gene are rearranged . These findings indicate either that translocation may occur as a separate event from immunoglobulin gene rearrangement or that the proposed hierarchical sequence of immunoglobulin gene rearrangements is not always adhered to . The data also imply that in cells containing a translocation between the long arm of chromosome 8 and a chromosome bearing an immunoglobulin gene , alteration of cellular myc expression may occur regardless of the immunoglobulin gene that is expressed . Raji cell is widely used as a transfection host and also to understand the hematopoietic and other cell malignancies . It also used for detection of immune complex because it possesses and expresses several receptors for certain complement components , as well as Fc receptors for immunoglobulin G.", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dd8791f52102f0373f5c5e659cb47612", "text": "Metabolism Metabolism ( from μεταβολή metabolē , `` change '' ) is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms . The three main purposes of metabolism are the conversion of food/fuel to energy to run cellular processes , the conversion of food/fuel to building blocks for proteins , lipids , nucleic acids , and some carbohydrates , and the elimination of nitrogenous wastes . These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce , maintain their structures , and respond to their environments . The word metabolism can also refer to the sum of all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms , including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells , in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism . Metabolism is usually divided into two categories : catabolism , the breaking down of organic matter for example , the breaking down of glucose to pyruvate , by cellular respiration , and anabolism , the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids . Usually , breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy . The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways , in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical , by a sequence of enzymes . Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves , by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy . Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly . Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell 's environment or to signals from other cells . The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous . For example , some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient , yet this gas is poisonous to animals . The speed of metabolism , the metabolic rate , influences how much food an organism will require , and also affects how it is able to obtain that food . A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species . For example , the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms , being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants . These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history , and their retention because of their efficacy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cf5b6cddf57c5682b53c29cf6c0c8c75", "text": "Burantashi Burantashi ( literally `` penis get up '' ) is a native Hausa-Fulani powder derived from the bark of the African tree Pausinystalia yohimbe . Burantashi is used as a food additive to barbecued meat ( suya ) in Nigeria , especially the Northern parts . The extracts contain the alkaloid yohimbine , an alpha-2 antagonist that has been used widely with variable success in erectile dysfunction , but the whole bark of the tree was not studied until recently . In one recent study , pure Burantashi powder obtained from a local suya vendor in Lagos , Nigeria was extracted aqueously and studied on the renal circulation of Sprague-Dawley rats . In the in vivo study , the extract code-named `` CCD-X '' , caused a rise in mean arterial pressure ( MAP ) , and a rise in renal medullary blood flow ( MBF ) . This systemic vasoconstrictor and renal medullary dilator action was attenuated separately by the endothelin - A receptor blocker - BMS-182874 , ET-B blocker - BQ788 , but blocked by their combination . Further , the nitric oxide inhibitor ( NO ) , L-Nomega - nitro-Arginine Methyl Ester ( L-NAME ) 10 mg/kg totally inhibited the rise in medullary blood flow due to CCD-X . In vitro studies in isolated perfused kidneys ( IPK ) and in pressurised microvessels ( PMV ) confirmed the in vivo effect to cause vasoconstriction , which was inhibited by endothelin A and B antagonists . The pressor dose response characteristic of CCD-X on PMV was similar to that of endothelin-1 with EC50 close to 100 ng . It was concluded from these studies that , the aqueous extract exhibited a vasoconstrictor effect - possibly alpha-2 mediated like yohimbine . However , it possessed additional effects as an andothelin receptor A and B agonist , and also released nitric oxide . The possibility of a post-receptor cross-talk among ET-B , alpha-2 receptors and NO release was also considered . Thin layer chromatography showed that the bark is rich in sesquiterpenes , and has antifungal and antibiotic properties as well . Whether CCD-X will be useful in sickle cell disease ( releasing NO ) is unknown . Further basic and clinical research are needed before the effects of Burantashi can be effectively evaluated .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7a26163cac78036dca283a023f118f54", "text": "Coagulin Coagulin is a gel-forming protein of hemolymph that hinders the spread of invaders by immobilising them . The protein contains a single 175 - residue polypeptide chain ; this is cleaved after Arg-18 and Arg-46 by a clotting enzyme contained in the hemocyte and activated by a bacterial endotoxin ( lipopolysaccharide ) . Cleavage releases two chains of coagulin , A and B , linked by two disulphide bonds , together with the peptide C. Gel formation results from interlinking of coagulin molecules . Secondary structure prediction suggests the C peptide forms an alpha - helix , which is released during the proteolytic conversion of coagulogen to coagulin gel . The beta-sheet structure and 16 half-cystines found in the molecule appear to yield a compact protein stable to acid and heat . Mammalian blood coagulation is based on the proteolytically induced polymerization of fibrinogens . Initially , fibrin monomers noncovalently interact with each other . The resulting homopolymers are further stabilized when the plasma transglutaminase ( TGase ) intermolecularly cross-links epsilon - ( gamma-glutamyl ) lysine bonds . In crustaceans , hemolymph coagulation depends on the TGase-mediated cross-linking of specific plasma-clotting proteins , but without the proteolytic cascade . In horseshoe crabs , the proteolytic coagulation cascade triggered by lipopolysaccharides and beta-1 ,3 - glucans leads to the conversion of coagulogen into coagulin , resulting in noncovalent coagulin homopolymers through head-to-tail interaction . Horseshoe crab TGase , however , does not cross-link coagulins intermolecularly . Recently , we found that coagulins are cross-linked on hemocyte cell surface proteins called proxins . This indicates that a cross-linking reaction at the final stage of hemolymph coagulation is an important innate immune system of horseshoe crabs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7f65e9ebb2d7bc8b33a6da8865fa27b4", "text": "Autoimmune hemolytic anemia Autoimmune hemolytic anemia ( or autoimmune haemolytic anaemia ; AIHA ) occurs when antibodies directed against the person 's own red blood cells ( RBCs ) cause them to burst ( lyse ) , leading to an insufficient number of oxygen-carrying red blood cells in the circulation . The lifetime of the RBCs is reduced from the normal 100 -- 120 days to just a few days in serious cases . The intracellular components of the RBCs are released into the circulating blood and into tissues , leading to some of the characteristic symptoms of this condition . The antibodies are usually directed against high-incidence antigens , therefore they also commonly act on allogenic RBCs ( RBCs originating from outside the person themselves , e.g. in the case of a blood transfusion ) . AIHA is a relatively rare condition , affecting one to three people per 100,000 per year . The terminology used in this disease is somewhat ambiguous . Although MeSH uses the term `` autoimmune hemolytic anemia '' , some sources prefer the term `` immunohemolytic anemia '' so drug reactions can be included in this category . The National Cancer Institute considers `` immunohemolytic anemia '' , `` autoimmune hemolytic anemia '' , and `` immune complex hemolytic anemia '' to all be synonyms .", "title": "" } ]	fever
428110973595e4c5c070783963da4065	Furious 7 started to film in 2013.	[ { "docid": "755b128742803409b7d900572db2f9e6", "text": "Furious 7 Furious 7 ( alternatively known as Fast & Furious 7 and Fast 7 ) is a 2015 American action film directed by James Wan and written by Chris Morgan . It is the seventh installment in The Fast and the Furious franchise . The film stars Vin Diesel , Paul Walker , Dwayne Johnson , Michelle Rodriguez , Tyrese Gibson , Chris ` Ludacris ' Bridges , Jordana Brewster , Djimon Hounsou , Kurt Russell , and Jason Statham . Furious 7 follows Dominic Toretto ( Diesel ) , Brian O'Conner ( Walker ) , and the rest of their team , who have returned to the United States to live normal lives after securing amnesty for their past crimes in Fast & Furious 6 ( 2013 ) , until Deckard Shaw ( Statham ) , a rogue special forces assassin seeking to avenge his comatose younger brother , puts the team in danger once again . With the previous three installments set between 2 Fast 2 Furious ( 2003 ) and The Fast and the Furious : Tokyo Drift ( 2006 ) , Furious 7 is the first installment in the franchise to take place after Tokyo Drift . The film also marks the final film appearance of Walker , who died in a single-vehicle crash on November 30 , 2013 with filming only half-completed . Following Walker 's death , filming was delayed for script rewrites , and his brothers , Caleb and Cody , were used as stand-ins to complete his remaining scenes . These script rewrites completed the story arcs for both Walker and Brewster 's characters ( Brian O'Conner and Mia Toretto , respectively ) , causing both to be retired . As a result , it is also the final installment in the franchise to star Brewster . Plans for a seventh installment were first announced in February 2012 when Johnson stated that production on the film would begin after the completion of Fast & Furious 6 . In April 2013 , Wan , predominantly known for horror films , was announced to direct the film in place of Justin Lin , who left the franchise after directing the previous four installments . Casting began in the same month with the re-signing of Diesel and Walker , and an initial release date was set . Principal photography began in Atlanta , Georgia , in September 2013 , resumed in April 2014 and ended in July 2014 , with other filming locations including Los Angeles , Colorado , Abu Dhabi , and Tokyo . Furious 7 premiered in Los Angeles on April 1 , 2015 , and was theatrically released in the United States on April 3 , 2015 , playing in 3D , IMAX 3D , and 4DX internationally . Upon release , the film became a critical and commercial success , with praise being aimed at the film 's action sequences and its tribute to Walker . The film grossed $ 397.6 million worldwide during its opening weekend , which is the sixth highest-grossing opening of all time . The film has grossed over $ 1.5 billion worldwide -- more than the franchise 's first five installments combined -- making it the highest-grossing film of the franchise after just twelve days , the third highest-grossing film of 2015 and the sixth highest-grossing film of all time . A sequel , The Fate of the Furious , was released on April 14 , 2017 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "230a0458ab04e67bc8de1d310865dd30", "text": "Smallville (season 7) Season seven of Smallville , an American television series , began airing on September 27 , 2007 . The series recounts the early adventures of Kryptonian Clark Kent as he adjusts to life in the fictional town of Smallville , Kansas , during the years before he becomes Superman . The seventh season comprises 20 episodes and concluded its initial airing on May 15 , 2008 , marking the second season to air on The CW television network . Regular cast members during season seven include Tom Welling , Michael Rosenbaum , Kristin Kreuk , Allison Mack , John Glover , Erica Durance , Aaron Ashmore , and Laura Vandervoort . In addition to bringing in new regular cast members this season , the Smallville team brought in familiar faces from the Superman media history , old villains from the show 's past , as well as new DC Comics characters . This season focuses on Clark Kent meeting his biological cousin Kara ( Vandervoort ) , and teaching her how to control her abilities in public ; Lana Lang 's behavior toward her friends , Lex Luthor , and after it is discovered that she faked her own death ; Chloe coming to terms with her newly discovered kryptonite-induced ability ; and the secret of the Daily Planet 's new editor Grant Gabriel . Towards the end of the season , Clark faces the dual threat from returning villain Brainiac ( James Marsters ) , and Lex 's discovery of his father 's secret society who possess the means to control Clark . The season culminates with a showdown between Lex and Clark at the Fortress of Solitude , wherein the fortress is brought down , setting the series up for the following season . Smallville 's season seven , along with many other American television shows , was caught in the middle of a contract dispute between the Writers Guild of America , East ( WGAE ) , Writers Guild of America , west ( WGAw ) and the Alliance of Motion Picture and Television Producers ( AMPTP ) . The dispute led to a strike by the writers , which has caused this season to end prematurely with only twenty episodes being produced , instead of the standard twenty-two episodes . The strike also forced The CW to push back airdates on several episodes , and cost Allison Mack her directorial debut . Smallville 's Season seven slipped in the ratings , averaging 3.7 million viewers weekly , and the series ranked as the 175th most-watched television series , out of 220 , for the 2007 -- 08 television year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8739bc6fa3f1c5eacf7466d71cfc90ad", "text": "2013 Shanghai International Film Festival The 2013 Shanghai International Film Festival was the 16th such festival devoted to international cinema held in Shanghai , China .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "74e47255cdc858f93b6c54c9bfcbe9cb", "text": "LBJ (film) LBJ is a 2017 American political drama film directed by Rob Reiner and written by Joey Hartstone . The film stars Woody Harrelson , Richard Jenkins , Bill Pullman , Kim Allen , Michael Stahl-David , Jennifer Jason Leigh , Jeffrey Donovan , Doug McKeon , and Michael Mosley . Filming began on September 21 , 2015 in New Orleans . It was screened at the 2016 Toronto International Film Festival . On October 12 , 2016 at the 27th edition of the New Orleans Film Festival , Rob Reiner accepted the inaugural Career Achievement Award from LBJ lead actor Woody Harrelson . LBJ made a second film festival showing in less than a month . On May 2 , 2017 , it was announced that Dean Devlin 's Electric Entertainment had acquired all of the film 's North American rights and that the film would be released in 2017 . It was then announced on May 4 that the film would be released in the United States on November 17 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "44714e47ad207a7b5e487c95d07762d1", "text": "Wiz Khalifa Cameron Jibril Thomaz ( born September 8 , 1987 ) , better known by his stage name Wiz Khalifa , is an American rapper , songwriter , and actor . He released his debut album , Show and Prove , in 2006 , and signed to Warner Bros. . Records in 2007 . His Eurodance-influenced single , `` Say Yeah '' , received urban radio airplay , charting on the Rhythmic Top 40 and Hot Rap Tracks charts in 2008 . Khalifa parted with Warner Bros. and released his second album , Deal or No Deal , in November 2009 . He released the mixtape Kush and Orange Juice as a free download in April 2010 ; he then signed with Atlantic Records . He is also well known for his debut single for Atlantic , `` Black and Yellow '' , which peaked at number one on the Billboard Hot 100 . His debut album for the label , Rolling Papers , was released on March 29 , 2011 . He followed that album with O.N.I.F.C. on December 4 , 2012 , which was backed by the singles `` Work Hard , Play Hard '' and `` Remember You '' . Wiz released his fourth album Blacc Hollywood on August 18 , 2014 , backed by the lead single `` We Dem Boyz '' . In March 2015 , he released `` See You Again '' for the soundtrack of the film Furious 7 and the song peaked at number one on the Billboard Hot 100 for 12 non-consecutive weeks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bf811c36aec0c51370349d6bcffd87bc", "text": "Angry Dad: The Movie `` Angry Dad : The Movie '' is the fourteenth episode of The Simpsons ' twenty-second season . It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on February 20 , 2011 . The plot of the episode involves Bart winning many awards for his new short film based on his web cartoon series Angry Dad , which was first introduced in `` I Am Furious ( Yellow ) '' , while Homer takes credit for the film during acceptance speeches . `` Angry Dad : The Movie '' was written by John Frink and directed by Matthew Nastuk , with Ricky Gervais , Halle Berry , Russell Brand , Maurice LaMarche , Nick Park and J. B. Smoove guest starring . Cultural references in the episode include Pixar , Toy Story , Wallace and Gromit , Kung Fu Panda , Ms. Pac-Man , SpongeBob SquarePants and the 68th Golden Globe Award ceremony . The episode was viewed in an estimated 6.35 million households , with a 2.8 Nielsen rating , marking a slight rise in audience from the previous episode , while the episode was the twenty-fifth most viewed show for the week of broadcast among adults aged 18 -- 49 . Critical reception of the episode was generally positive , with critics praising the episode 's use of visual gags and cultural references .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7694f58b34e238ce91220d4523837990", "text": "Tula: The Revolt Tula : The Revolt is a 2013 historical drama film that was directed by Jeroen Leinders . The film tells the life story of the slave Tula ( Obi Abili ) who lead the Slave Revolt of 1795 on Curaçao in the Dutch West Indies . The film premiered on 4 July 2013 in the Netherlands .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c88bca5621acfbd31a5fc451118b5f73", "text": "Guild of Music Supervisors Awards The Guild of Music Supervisors Awards recognize music supervisors in 14 categories , representing movies , television , games and trailers . Compton , Carol and Furious 7 were among the winners of the 2016 ceremony , while La la land of the 2017 ceremony . The seventh annual ceremony took place at The Theatre at the Ace Hotel Los Angeles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e53e574a28fbaba5ebe93c294efaac7", "text": "The Fast and the Furious (soundtrack) The Fast and the Furious is the first of two soundtracks based on the major motion picture The Fast and the Furious . The soundtrack reached number seven on the Billboard 200 and number one on the Top Soundtracks . The album went platinum in 2002 in both the United States and Canada . The single released from the soundtrack is `` Put It on Me '' and `` Furious '' by Ja Rule , `` POV City Anthem '' by Cadillac Tah , Good Life ( Remix ) by Faith Evans and `` Justify My Love '' by Vita . The Limp Bizkit single `` Rollin ' ( Urban Assault Vehicle ) '' , which is the remix to `` Rollin ' ( Air Raid Vehicle ) '' , is also featured on the soundtrack . The song features DMX , Method Man and Redman and is produced by Swizz Beatz . The soundtrack exclusively featured artists from Irv Gotti 's label The Inc. . Records such as Ja Rule .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fcc258d0d4f36e716841a2daa6f30302", "text": "Devil's Knot (film) Devil 's Knot is a 2013 American biographical crime film directed by Atom Egoyan . The film is based on a true story as told in Mara Leveritt 's 2002 book of the same name , concerning three teenagers known as the West Memphis Three , who were convicted of killing three young boys during the Satanic ritual abuse panic . They were subsequently sentenced to death ( Echols ) and life imprisonment ( Baldwin and Misskelley ) . Produced by Elizabeth Fowler , Richard Saperstein , Clark Peterson , Christopher Woodrow , and Paul Harris Boardman , the film stars Colin Firth , Reese Witherspoon , Mireille Enos , Dane DeHaan , Kevin Durand , Bruce Greenwood , Stephen Moyer , Elias Koteas , Amy Ryan , and Alessandro Nivola . The film premiered at the 2013 Toronto International Film Festival on September 8 , 2013 , followed by a wider release later that year . The film had a limited release in Canadian theaters on January 24 , 2014 , and was released in U.S. theaters and video on demand services on May 9 , 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bf6634d439517b825157af395565afe4", "text": "Officer Down Officer Down is a 2013 American action thriller film , directed by Brian A. Miller .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a913a508bcb016d99cd6c7e4975a6a1", "text": "Major film studio A major film studio is a production and film distributor that releases a substantial number of films annually and consistently commands a significant share of box office revenue in a given market . In the North American , Western , and global markets , the major film studios , often simply known as the majors , are commonly regarded as the six diversified media conglomerates whose various film production and distribution subsidiaries collectively command approximately 80 to 85 percent of U.S. and Canadian box office revenue . The term may also be applied more specifically to the primary motion picture business subsidiary of each respective conglomerate . The `` Big Six '' majors , whose operations are based in or around the Los Angeles neighborhood of Hollywood , are all centered in film studios active during Hollywood 's Golden Age of the 1930s and 1940s . In three cases -- 20th Century Fox , Warner Bros. , and Paramount -- the studios were one of the `` Big Five '' majors during that era as well . In two cases -- Columbia and Universal -- the studios were also considered majors , but in the next tier down , part of the `` Little Three '' . In the sixth case , Walt Disney Studios was an independent production company during the Golden Age ; it was an important Hollywood entity , but not a major . Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , United Artists , and RKO were majors . Today , Disney is the only member of the Big Six whose parent entity is still located near Los Angeles ( actually , on Disney 's studio lot and in the same building ) . The five others report to conglomerates headquartered in New York City , Philadelphia , and Tokyo . Of the Big Six , Paramount is the only one still based in Hollywood , and Paramount and Fox are the only ones still located within the Los Angeles city limits , while Disney and Warner Bros. are located in Burbank , Columbia in Culver City , and Universal in the unincorporated area of Universal City . Most of today 's Big Six control subsidiaries with their own distribution networks that concentrate on arthouse pictures ( e.g. Fox Searchlight Pictures ) or genre films ( e.g. Sony 's Screen Gems ) ; several of these specialty units were shut down or sold off between 2008 and 2010 . The six major studios are contrasted with smaller production and/or distribution companies , which are known as independents or `` indies '' . The leading independent producer/distributors -- Lionsgate Films , The Weinstein Company , and former major studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer -- are sometimes referred to as `` mini-majors '' . From 1998 through 2005 , DreamWorks SKG commanded a large enough market share to arguably qualify it as a seventh major , despite its relatively small output . In 2006 , DreamWorks was acquired by Viacom , Paramount 's corporate parent . In late 2008 , DreamWorks once again became an independent production company ; its films were distributed by Disney 's Touchstone Pictures until 2016 , at which point distribution switched to Universal . The Big Six major studios are today primarily backers and distributors of films whose actual production is largely handled by independent companies -- either long-running entities or ones created for and dedicated to the making of a specific film . The specialty divisions often simply acquire distribution rights to pictures in which the studio has had no prior involvement . While the majors still do a modicum of true production , their activities are focused more in the areas of development , financing , marketing , and merchandising . Those business functions are still usually performed in or near Los Angeles , even though the runaway production phenomenon means that most films are now mostly or completely shot on location at places outside Los Angeles . Since the dawn of filmmaking , the U.S. major film studios have dominated both American cinema and the global film industry . U.S. studios have benefited from a strong first-mover advantage in that they were the first to industrialize filmmaking and master the art of mass-producing and distributing high-quality films with broad cross-cultural appeal . Today , the Big Six majors routinely distribute hundreds of films every year into all significant international markets ( that is , where discretionary income is high enough for consumers to afford to watch films ) . It is very rare , if not impossible , for a film to reach a broad international audience on multiple continents and in multiple languages without first being picked up by one of the majors for distribution .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3c95d6b6f0e5fc404bce953042aa238", "text": "Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film . The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa06bf9fc7ba5619a3f0f67b83196f05", "text": "Midwest Independent Film Festival The Midwest Independent Film Festival is the nation 's only film festival solely dedicated to the Midwest filmmaker . Only films from the eight-state Midwest region of Illinois , Indiana , Iowa , Michigan , Minnesota , Missouri , Ohio and Wisconsin are considered for screening . This film festival is also unique in that it is held throughout the year , presenting audiences with the finest independent films from the Midwest every first Tuesday of the month . The Midwest Independent Film Festival prides itself on showcasing emerging directors , powerful artistic visions , and strong cinematic stories . These exceptional films combine with an exciting social atmosphere and a state-of-the-art screening venue to create one of the premier festivals in the Midwest . The Midwest Independent Film Festival is hosted every first Tuesday of the month at Chicago 's Landmark Century Centre Cinema of Landmark Theatres . Sponsors include Resolution Digital Studios , Zacuto , Fletcher Chicago , Orbit Media Studios , O'Connor Casting , Flashpoint The Academy of Media Arts and Sciences , Zipcar , The Chicago Film Office , The Illinois Film Office , Zaroban Design , Crunch Fitness , Getty Images , Screen Magazine and Kodak . This festival is sometimes referred to as `` The Midwest Film Festival , '' `` The Midwest Indie , '' or simply `` The Midwest . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f12113ffa2a6df4e1dfaf3133e3e653b", "text": "Assault on Wall Street Assault on Wall Street ( also known as Attack on Wall Street and formerly known as Bailout : The Age of Greed ) is a 2013 action thriller film written and directed by Uwe Boll , and starring Dominic Purcell . The film stars Purcell as a security guard who struggles to pay for his wife 's medical bills and loses his investments in the 2007 -- 08 financial crisis , prompting a shooting spree on Wall Street after his wife takes her own life .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b1dbfd1cea9ace7721909ada2d6207b8", "text": "List of British films of 2013 The British film industry produced over five hundred feature films in 2013 . This article fully lists all non-pornographic films , including short films , that had a release date in that year and which were at least partly made by the United Kingdom . It does not include films first released in previous years that had release dates in 2013 . Also included is an overview of the major events in British film , including film festivals and awards ceremonies , as well as lists of those films that were particularly well received , both critically and financially . The year was particularly notable for a number of low budget and independent horror films , such as In Fear , Devil 's Pass , Dementamania and Stalled .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "14c30ce677744a95206a361ed0e24d79", "text": "Ultraman Ginga Theater Special is a Japanese kaiju , and superhero , film , serving as the film adaptation of the 2013 Ultra Series television series Ultraman Ginga . It was released in September 7 , 2013 , which takes place during the season break of Ultraman Ginga , in-between episodes six and seven . This movie is double-billed with short CGI movie , , one of the shorts for the 2013 cardass game Mega Monster Rush : Ultra Frontier , which played first before the premier of the movie . A DVD and Blu-Ray release of the movie was sold in December 25 , 2013 by Bandai Visual , costing around 3,990 and 5,040 Yen respectively . The main catchphrase in this movie is .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "612f2ba623d931049fdaaca214f12e17", "text": "List of The Fast and the Furious characters The Fast and the Furious is an American action film series produced by Neal H. Moritz and distributed by Universal Pictures . Consisting of eight films and two short films , the following is a list of characters from The Fast and the Furious .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "84583b1e9de53cee1a15e80c2ad04123", "text": "Dallas Buyers Club Dallas Buyers Club is a 2013 American biographical drama film , co-written by Craig Borten and Melisa Wallack , and directed by Jean-Marc Vallée . The film tells the story of Ron Woodroof , an AIDS patient diagnosed in the mid 1980s when HIV/AIDS treatments were under-researched , while the disease was not understood and highly stigmatized . As part of the experimental AIDS treatment movement , he smuggled unapproved pharmaceutical drugs into Texas for treating his symptoms , and distributed them to fellow people with AIDS by establishing the `` Dallas Buyers Club '' while facing opposition from the Food and Drug Administration ( FDA ) . Two fictional supporting characters , Dr. Eve Saks ( Jennifer Garner ) , and Rayon ( Jared Leto ) , were composite roles created from the writer 's interviews with transgender AIDS patients , activists , and doctors . Screenwriter Borten interviewed Woodroof in 1992 and wrote the script , which he polished with writer Wallack in 2000 , and then sold to producer Robbie Brenner . Several other actors , directors , and producers who were attached at various times to the development of the film left the project . Universal Pictures also tried to make the film , but did not . A couple of screenwriters wrote drafts that were rejected . In 2009 , producer Brenner involved Matthew McConaughey , because of his Texas origins , the same as Woodroof 's . Brenner selected the first draft , written by Borten and Wallack , for the film , and then Vallée was set to direct the film . Principal photography began on November 11 , 2012 , in New Orleans , Louisiana , continuing for 25 days of filming , which also included shooting in Baton Rouge . Brenner and Rachel Winter co-produced the film . The official soundtrack album was featured by various artists , and was released digitally on October 29 , 2013 , by the Relativity Music Group . Dallas Buyers Club premiered at the 2013 Toronto International Film Festival and was released theatrically in the United States on November 1 , 2013 , by Focus Features , strategically entering wide release on November 22 for award season . The film grossed over $ 27 million domestically and $ 27.9 million internationally , the box office revenue returned over $ 55 million against a budget of $ 5 million in 182-days of a theatrical run . It grossed over $ 4.5 million from DVD , and over $ 3 million from Blu-ray sales . The film received universal critical acclaim , resulting in numerous accolades . Most praised the performances of McConaughey and Leto , who received the Academy Award for Best Actor and for Best Supporting Actor , respectively , at the 86th Academy Awards , making this the first film since Mystic River ( 2003 ) , and only the fifth movie ever , to win both awards . The film also won the award for Best Makeup and Hairstyling , and garnered nominations for Best Picture , Best Original Screenplay , and Best Editing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "02e0d893d657843505f4e985632ffe22", "text": "26th European Film Awards The 26th European Film Awards were presented on 7 December 2013 in Berlin , Germany . The winners were selected by over 2,500 members of the European Film Academy . On 28 October 2013 , a special seven-member jury convened in Berlin and , based on the EFA Selection list , decided on the winners in the categories cinematography , editing , production design , costume design , composer and sound design . On November 4 , 2013 nominations for documentary were announced . The special documentary jury consist five members : Antonio Saura Despina Mouzaki , Claas Danielsen , Ally Derks and Jacques Laurent .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b259887db7806f3f5e307e88e4cf3659", "text": "List of accolades received by Star Wars: The Force Awakens Star Wars : The Force Awakens is a 2015 epic space opera film directed , co-produced , and co-written by J. J. Abrams . The seventh installment in the main Star Wars film series , and first of three in Star Wars sequel trilogy , it stars Harrison Ford , Mark Hamill , Carrie Fisher , Adam Driver , Daisy Ridley , John Boyega , Oscar Isaac , Lupita Nyong ` o , Andy Serkis , Domhnall Gleeson , Anthony Daniels , and Max von Sydow . The Force Awakens is set 30 years after Return of the Jedi ; it follows Rey , Finn , and Poe Dameron 's search for Luke Skywalker and their fight alongside the Resistance , led by veterans of the Rebel Alliance , against Kylo Ren and the First Order , a successor group to the Galactic Empire . The Force Awakens was premiered by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures in Los Angeles on December 14 , and was released in United States and Canada on December 18 , 2015 . The Force Awakens opened across 14,300 theaters , breaking numerous box-office records and became the first film to earn more than $ 100 million worldwide in a single day . The film grossed a worldwide total of over $ 2 billion on a production budget of $ 306 million becoming the highest-grossing release of 2015 , and the fastest film to earn $ 1 billion worldwide , doing so in twelve-days . The Force Awakens became the third film in history to surpass $ 2 billion worldwide ( after Avatar ( 2009 ) and Titanic ( 1997 ) ) , doing so on its 53rd day of release . Rotten Tomatoes , a review aggregator , surveyed 360 reviews and judged 92 percent to be positive . The Force Awakens garnered many awards and nominations in a variety of categories with particular praise for Abrams ' direction , its action sequences , visual effects , editing and Ridley 's and Boyega 's performances . Several awards held their nominations before the December release of The Force Awakens , making the film ineligible for the 73rd Golden Globe Awards and some other awards ceremonies . However , the film was added to the 21st Critics ' Choice Awards 's slate of best picture nominees after a special vote by the board of directors , and the announcement of the 2015 American Film Institute Awards was delayed until after the release of film , where it was named one of Top Ten Films of the year . The Force Awakens received five nominations at the 88th Academy Awards as Best Original Score , Best Sound Editing , Best Sound Mixing , Best Film Editing and Best Visual Effects . The film garnered four nominations at 69th British Academy Film Awards , and won for Best Special Visual Effects and a special BAFTA Rising Star Award for John Boyega . At the 21st Empire Awards , the film received nine nominations and won five including Best Sci-Fi/Fantasy Film , and Best Director for J.J. Abrams . The Force Awakens became the most nominated film in Saturn Awards history with total of thirteen nominations at 42nd Saturn Awards and won eight including Best Science Fiction Film , Best Director and Best Special Effects . The film received seven nominations from the Visual Effects Society , winning four including Outstanding Visual Effects in an Effects Driven Feature Motion Picture . Star Wars : The Force Awakens received eleven nominations at MTV Movie Awards , the most for the ceremony and won three including Movie of the Year .", "title": "" } ]	fever
ccd62ae961c0c114c7cd603a774feb8a	The Black Eyed Peas performed a single.	[ { "docid": "f61639035b68a1a389ba5e93348a42f7", "text": "The Black Eyed Peas The Black Eyed Peas ( originally simply Black Eyed Peas ) is an American group , consisting of rappers will.i.am , apl.de.ap , Taboo , and singer Fergie . Originally an alternative hip hop group , they subsequently changed their musical sound to pop and dance-pop music . Although the group was founded in Los Angeles in 1995 , it was not until the release of their third album Elephunk in 2003 that they achieved high record sales . Since that time , the group has sold an estimated 76 million records ( 35 million albums and 41 million singles ) , making them one of the world 's best-selling groups of all time . According to Nielsen SoundScan , the Black Eyed Peas were the second-best-selling artist/group of all time for downloaded tracks , with over 42 million sales as of the end of 2011 . Their first major hit was the 2003 single `` Where Is the Love ? '' from Elephunk , which topped the charts in 13 countries , including the United Kingdom , where it spent seven weeks at number one and went on to become Britain 's biggest selling single of 2003 . Another European hit single from the album was `` Shut Up '' . Their fourth album , Monkey Business , was an even bigger worldwide success , certified 4 × Platinum in the U.S. , and spawning four singles , `` Do n't Phunk with My Heart '' , `` Do n't Lie '' , `` My Humps '' and `` Pump It '' . In 2009 , the group became one of only 11 artists to have simultaneously held the No. 1 and No. 2 spots on the Billboard Hot 100 , with their singles `` Boom Boom Pow '' and `` I Got ta Feeling '' , which topped the chart for an unprecedented 26 consecutive weeks . This album The E.N.D later produced a third Hot 100 number-one placement with `` Imma Be '' , making the group one of few to ever place three number one singles on the chart from the same album , before being followed with `` Rock That Body '' and `` Meet Me Halfway '' , which peaked in the Top 10 of the Hot 100 . `` I Got ta Feeling '' became the first single to sell more than one million downloads in the United Kingdom . The Black Eyed Peas were ranked 12th on Billboards Decade-End Chart Artist of the Decade , and 7th in the Hot 100 Artists of the Decade . At the 52nd Grammy Awards ceremony , held in January 2010 , they won three awards out of six nominations . In November 2010 , they released the album The Beginning . In February 2011 , the group performed at the Super Bowl XLV halftime show . Long-standing member , Fergie left the group in 2017 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "6f58ea3cd6b80df94cd4881f4bb07498", "text": "Don't Stop the Party Do n't Stop the Party may refer to : `` Do n't Stop the Party '' ( The Black Eyed Peas song ) `` Do n't Stop the Party '' ( Pitbull song )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cca4eb80fa30fb915233485984d1136b", "text": "Open Sesame (Whodini album) Open Sesame , released in 1987 , was the fourth album by American hip hop group Whodini . This album spawned the single `` Be Yourself . '' The album was certified gold by the RIAA .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "301cb3947d13ca9447bdd8ca08d2c00e", "text": "Infinity Records Infinity Records was a short-lived subsidiary of MCA Records established in New York City in 1978 . The label was conceived by MCA president Sidney Sheinberg as a way for the Los Angeles-based entertainment conglomerate to improve its presence on the East Coast . Ron Alexenberg , who had previously been the head of the Epic Records division of CBS Records ( now part of Sony Music Entertainment ) was hired as CEO . The biggest hit the Infinity label had was `` Escape '' by Rupert Holmes , which was number 1 at the end of 1979 . Other acts that had chart entries on Infinity included Dobie Gray , Hot Chocolate , New England , Orleans and Spyro Gyra . Under the distribution of MCA , the Infinity Records label released titles in the US , Canada , the UK , Japan and parts of Europe . Infinity spent lavishly but failed to earn a profit . In addition to developing new talent , Infinity also paid substantial sums to acquire established artists . Most of the established artists were unable to duplicate their previous success . In October 1979 , Infinity released Pope John Paul II Sings at the Festival of Sacrosong , an album of speeches and songs sung by Pope John Paul II in his native Polish . Due to the tremendous popularity of the new Pope , Infinity thought the record would be a major hit . The company paid a substantial fee ( which went to charity ) to the Catholic Church to obtain exclusive rights to the recording . The album briefly peaked at # 126 on the Billboard 200 albums chart , however , it received poor reviews and was quickly seen as a colossal failure . Most of the one million advance copies of the John Paul II album were returned unsold to the label , producing a huge financial loss . MCA pulled the plug on Infinity Records in November 1979 , and the Infinity catalog was immediately absorbed by the parent company . Rupert Holmes and Spyro Gyra were the only Infinity acts to be retained by MCA , and most of the label 's catalog went out of print . The collapse of Infinity also coincided with rising costs of manufacturing for vinyl LP records and a huge sales slump for the music industry . Infinity has since become known as one of the most expensive failures in the history of the record business . There are at least two other smaller record labels that also have used the name Infinity Records . One of these other labels was a subsidiary of Festival Records , which for many years was Australia 's leading independent record company , but is now also defunct . Other companies with the Infinity Records name do not have an affiliation with MCA .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "01c6d3db8c64dae0bdfd91581b59e930", "text": "List of best-selling singles According to Guinness World Records , `` White Christmas '' ( 1942 ) by Bing Crosby is the best-selling single worldwide , with estimated sales of over 50 million copies . The song recognized as `` the best-selling single of all time '' was released before the pop/rock singles-chart era and `` was listed as the world 's best-selling single in the first-ever Guinness Book of Records ( published in 1955 ) and -- remarkably -- still retains the title more than 50 years later . '' Guinness World Records states that double A-side charity single `` Candle in the Wind 1997 '' / `` Something About the Way You Look Tonight '' ( 1997 ) by Elton John , a tribute to the late Diana , Princess of Wales , is `` the biggest-selling single since UK and US singles charts began in the 1950s , having accumulated worldwide sales of 33 million copies , '' making it the second-best-selling single of all time . The list is split between physical ( mainly CD and vinyl ) singles and digitally downloaded tracks which first became available to purchase in the early 2000s . The sales of singles that are italicized are the compilation of sales in available markets instead of a worldwide sales figure . These sales figures are therefore neither complete nor definitive .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d827e31fb351731bb963089876f581c5", "text": "List of instrumental number ones on the UK Singles Chart The UK Singles Chart is a record chart compiled on behalf of the British record industry . Since 1997 , the chart has been compiled by the Official Charts Company ( formerly The Official UK Charts Company and the Chart Information Network ) and until 2005 ( when digital downloads were included in the chart compilation ) , the chart was based entirely on sales of physical singles from retail outlets . The UK Singles Chart originated in 1952 , when New Musical Express ( NME ) published the first chart of singles sales . The positions of all songs are based on week-end sale totals , from Sunday to Saturday , but pre-1987 the charts were released on a Tuesday because of the need for manual calculation . Since inception there have been nearly 1,200 number ones ; of these , instrumental tracks ( i.e. those without any lyrics ) have topped the chart on 25 occasions for a total of 83 weeks . The Shadows have had the most instrumental number ones , with five between 1960 and 1963 . Three other artists have had more than one instrumental number one : Eddie Calvert ( in 1954 and 1955 ) , Winifred Atwell ( in 1954 and 1956 ) and Russ Conway ( both in 1959 ) . Calvert 's track `` O Mein Papa '' stayed at the top of the charts for nine weeks , longer than any other instrumental single . The single `` Cherry Pink ( and Apple Blossom White ) '' has been an instrumental number one for two different artists ( Calvert and Perez Prado ) in 1955 . To date , Martin Garrix is the most recent artist to have an instrumental number one , with `` Animals '' in November 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2cb699785fdd4428a67c4e88c03c7b63", "text": "Don't Lie `` Do n't Lie '' is a song performed by American recording group The Black Eyed Peas , taken from their fourth studio album , Monkey Business ( 2005 ) . It was released as the second single from the album , after the successful `` Do n't Phunk with My Heart '' . The song was serviced to mainstream radios on July 26 , 2005 in the United States , through Interscope Records , and received international releases later on . `` Do n't Lie '' was written by the band together with American production duo Peters & Peters while band member will.i.am headed its production . It contains a vocal sample of Slick Rick 's 1988 song `` The Ruler 's Back '' , from the album The Great Adventures of Slick Rick . The song was produced as a pop-oriented hip hop song with a Latin-tinged beat . The lyrics feature the protagonist apologizing for lies made during his relationship with another woman . Critical reception for the song was generally positive , with many praising its lyrics , noting that they diverge from the dangerous and hedonistic lyrics in hip-hop music . `` Do n't Lie '' was commercially successful worldwide , nearly replicating the success of the album 's previous single . It peaked at number fourteen on the Billboard Hot 100 and became their fifth top 40 hit on the chart . The song reached the top ten in several countries including Australia , Denmark , the Netherlands , and the United Kingdom . The music video for `` Do n't Lie '' is set in Brazil .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0224f46cde849f88188b8ada219c7fb2", "text": "Wild Eyed Boy from Freecloud `` Wild Eyed Boy from Freecloud '' is a song written by David Bowie , first recorded in June 1969 and released as B-side to his single `` Space Oddity '' . Bowie then rerecorded the song for his second eponymous album ( released in the U.S. as Man of Words , Man of Music by Mercury and reissued by RCA in 1972 as Space Oddity ) . The single version has sparse instrumentation : guitar ( played by Bowie ) and arco bass ( by Paul Buckmaster ) . The album version , recorded in July/August 1969 , features a full orchestral arrangement by Tony Visconti and is said to be the debut on a Bowie record of Mick Ronson , contributing uncredited lead guitar and handclaps midway through the track . Bowie himself said of the song : `` It was about the disassociated , the ones who feel as though they 're left outside , which was how I felt about me . I always felt I was on the edge of events , the fringe of things , and left out . A lot of my characters in those early years seem to revolve around that feeling . It must have come from my own interior puzzlement at where I was '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e1d71187cdfcf8d076e14b6560e088f9", "text": "The One (Backstreet Boys song) `` The One '' is a song by American boy band Backstreet Boys . It was released on May 16 , 2000 , as the fourth and final single from their third studio album Millennium ( 1999 ) . In a 2001 interview on The View , the group stated they never really intended `` The One '' as their fourth single . The group held a poll on TRL allowing fans to choose the next single from their album , and after Nick Carter himself called in and voted for `` The One '' , his large fan-base followed . The rest of the group had preferred the song `` Do n't Want You Back '' , which had been leading in votes up to that point . A sneak preview of this song was released on the Selections from A Night Out with the Backstreet Boys CD on November 17 , 1998 and had a slightly different sound to it ; another preview was shown at the end of Britney Spears ' album ... Baby One More Time ( under the title `` I 'll Be the One '' ) two months later . This song was also used as the opening song in the shōnen anime Hanada Shōnen-shi .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0b98cc07cc91023c9f7351797f784ed6", "text": "One More Chance (The Notorious B.I.G. song) `` One More Chance / Stay with Me ( Remix ) '' is a song written and recorded by American rapper The Notorious B.I.G. , featuring additional vocals sung by his wife Faith Evans and an uncredited appearance by Mary J. Blige . It was certified platinum by the RIAA on July 31 , 1995 and sold 1.1 million copies . The original version of the song appears on B.I.G. 's album , Ready to Die . The remix features new lyrics , a new chorus , and a different beat than the original . There is also a `` hip hop mix '' which samples Marley Marl 's `` Droppin Science '' ( featuring rapper Craig G ) . Evans was an up-and-coming R&B artist at the time . The remix , produced by the Trackmasters samples DeBarge 's 1983 song `` Stay with Me '' . The song peaked at # 2 on the Billboard Hot 100 and topped the Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Songs chart . It was the highest debuting single of all time , tying with Michael Jackson and Janet Jackson song `` Scream '' when it entered the Hot 100 at # 5 at the time . ( This record stood until later that year , when Michael Jackson 's `` You Are Not Alone '' debuted at number one . ) It remained the highest debuting single for a rap song on the Hot 100 until Puff Daddy 's tribute song `` I 'll Be Missing You '' debuted at # 1 . ( Lauryn Hill , Eminem and DJ Khaled would later equal this feat , with the former 's `` Doo Wop ( That Thing ) '' entering in the top spot in 1998 , the aforementioned with `` Not Afraid '' in 2010 and the latter with `` I 'm The One '' in 2017 . )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a5ee10aa5a1b0bfbfbfe3ff8ed9497d5", "text": "Step One Step One is the debut album by British pop group Steps . It was released in the UK and Europe on 11 September 1998 . The album charted at number two on UK Albums Chart upon its release , going on to spend 64 weeks in the chart . It was beaten to number one by This Is My Truth Tell Me Yours by Manic Street Preachers , who also beat their single One for Sorrow to number one on the UK Singles Chart . In 2000 , the album was re-released in the US , containing songs from both Step One and its successor , Steptacular . The tracks `` 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 '' , `` Last Thing on My Mind '' , `` One for Sorrow '' , `` Heartbeat '' and `` Better Best Forgotten '' were released as the singles in UK . In 2000 , the album was certified 5 × Platinum by the British Phonographic Industry , and has sold over 1.4 million copies in the UK . The album contains some covers -- `` Last Thing on My Mind '' was originally released as a single by female pop group Bananarama , while `` Love U More '' was originally recorded by techno/house band Sunscreem , `` Experienced '' was originally recorded by boyband Worlds Apart and `` Stay With Me '' appears on Romeo 's Daughters ' self-titled début album . The album cover itself was the inspiration behind the group 's 2017 album Tears on the Dancefloor . `` Tragedy '' , which was recorded for the Bee Gees tribute album , was paired up with `` Heartbeat '' as a double A-side single and also featured as a bonus track on some international editions of the album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c08c87fd6a99eb0d2b23b7caf375cd3f", "text": "List of Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles of 2007 The Billboard Hot 100 is a chart that ranks the best-performing singles of the United States . Published by Billboard magazine , the data are compiled by Nielsen SoundScan based collectively on each single 's weekly physical and digital sales , and airplay . In 2007 , 17 singles reached the top spot on the chart . An 18th single , Beyoncé Knowles ' `` Irreplaceable '' , began a run at the top in 2006 which continued into 2007 . In 2007 , eight acts achieved their first US number-one single , either as a lead artist or featured guest : Maroon 5 , Avril Lavigne , Mims , Plain White T 's , Sean Kingston , Soulja Boy Tell 'Em , T-Pain , and Yung Joc . Producer Timbaland earned his first number-one single as lead artist with `` Give It to Me '' ; he had previously appeared as featured guest on singer Nelly Furtado 's number-one single `` Promiscuous '' . T-Pain , Justin Timberlake , Nelly Furtado and Fergie each earned two number-one singles , either as a lead artist or featured guest . Three number-one singles tied for the longest run on the chart in 2007 : Knowles ' `` Irreplaceable '' , Rihanna 's `` Umbrella '' , and Soulja Boy Tell 'Em 's `` Crank That ( Soulja Boy ) '' all topped the chart for seven weeks ; the last of these was non-consecutive . However , `` Irreplaceable '' , which started its peak position in three issues the previous year , is credited to by Billboard magazine as 2006 's longest-running single . To this effect , `` Umbrella '' and `` Crank That ( Soulja Boy ) '' are the longest-running singles of 2007 . Other singles with extended chart runs include singer Alicia Keys ' `` No One '' which stayed at number one for five straight weeks . `` Irreplaceable '' is the best-performing single of the calendar year , topping the Year-End Hot 100 singles of 2007 for seven consecutive weeks . Band Maroon 5 's `` Makes Me Wonder '' is noted for its jump from 64th to 1st place on the Billboard Hot 100 , making it the largest leap of 2007 . `` Umbrella '' , which occupied the top slot for seven of summer 's thirteen weeks , has been credited by the music press as 2007 's Song of the Summer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6c84fe326d318c8fe2c750b5170f5c77", "text": "Let the Feeling Flow `` Let the Feeling Flow '' is a song by American recording artist Peabo Bryson . The song was released in 1981 as the lead single in support of his album , I Am Love . The song was a top ten R&B hit , peaking at number six on Billboard 's Hot Black Singles , and forty-two on the Hot Pop Singles chart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e2f2ae6db2141529f78f91bfea7f0e3", "text": "Sting Me `` Sting Me '' is a single by American rock band The Black Crowes . It was recorded for , and released on , their number-one album The Southern Harmony and Musical Companion , in 1992 . `` Sting Me '' was the second single released from the album and the first track on the album 's track listing . The song became a hit for the group , reaching number one on the Billboard Album Rock Tracks chart , where it remained for two weeks . Previous single `` Remedy '' had spent eleven weeks at the summit . This was the second of four singles from The Southern Harmony and Musical Companion to top the Album Rock chart . A music video was also recorded for the song , featuring the band performing at a marijuana legalization rally . It became a hit on MTV , aiding in the single 's success .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "df0169e4f9adf1cecb25780d51ae88c8", "text": "Black (Pearl Jam song) `` Black '' is a power ballad by the American rock band Pearl Jam . The song is the fifth track on the band 's debut album , Ten ( 1991 ) . Featuring lyrics written by vocalist Eddie Vedder and music written by guitarist Stone Gossard , `` Black '' is about Vedder 's ex-girlfriend . Notably , following the band 's 1992 MTV Unplugged performance , Vedder now renders the lyric `` we belong together '' in `` Black '' as `` we do n't belong together '' indicating his moving on from the relationship and being content with how it ended . After Ten became a commercial success in 1992 , Pearl Jam 's record label Epic Records urged the group to release the song as a single . The band refused , citing the song 's personal nature . Despite the lack of a commercial single release , the song managed to reach number three on the Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks chart . Remixed versions of the song were included on Pearl Jam 's 2004 greatest hits album , Rearviewmirror , and the 2009 Ten reissue . It has gone on to become one of the band 's most popular songs , as well as a fan favorite .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "893c1892d0776c59c9fcb05db806fba5", "text": "List of UK Independent Singles Chart number ones of 2007 The UK Indie Chart is a weekly chart that ranks the biggest-selling singles that are released on independent record labels in the United Kingdom . The chart is compiled by the Official Charts Company , and is based on both physical and digital single sales . During 2007 , 37 singles reached number one . The biggest-selling indie hit of the year was `` Brianstorm '' by Arctic Monkeys , which sold over 104,000 copies during 2007 , topped the indie chart for four weeks and reached number two on the UK Singles Chart . Other high-selling indie hits 2007 included `` Heavyweight Champion of the World '' by Reverend and the Makers , which sold approximately 97,000 singles , and `` Fluorescent Adolescent '' by Arctic Monkeys , which sold more than 96,000 copies . Eight acts managed to top the UK Indie Chart more than once . They were : Good Shoes , Arctic Monkeys , Elliot Minor , The Pigeon Detectives , Reverend and the Makers , The White Stripes , Jack Peñate and Dizzee Rascal . Chart-topping singles from the 2007 UK Indie Chart also included `` My Baby Left Me '' , which was re-released by HMV to commemorate the 30th anniversary of the death of Elvis Presley , and topped the chart 51 years after it was first released . Another highlight was `` Life 's a Treat '' , the theme tune to the BBC children 's TV programme Shaun the Sheep , sung by comedian Vic Reeves , which topped the indie chart in December .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8049dd6b56b64cc0a89b80699f32f2da", "text": "2002 in British music charts This is a summary of 2002 in music in the United Kingdom , including the official charts from that year . In 2002 , as in the previous year , there were 30 songs that reached the top of the charts . Although there were numerous songs that remained at the top for only a week , several managed to carry out runs of 2 or more weeks , none achieving above 4 . The UK also celebrated the 50th anniversary of the UK singles chart . After the Popstars phenomenon of the previous year , the UK became obsessed with talent show winners and the new show Pop Idol became a huge success . The year was thought of as the 2nd Golden Age of Hip-Hop music with many successful artists with Eminem coming out at top once again .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "52935d4ad01899d1839f74dc669244d7", "text": "The Beginning (concerts) The Beginning was a series of concerts by American hip hop group The Black Eyed Peas , in support of the group 's eponymous sixth studio album ( 2010 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0bf1c813bc61a85e360e590d60a645ba", "text": "Yes We Can (will.i.am song) `` Yes We Can '' is a song produced by Black Eyed Peas frontman will.i.am , released on February 2 , 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f501bca0cd78ba1f30657e298cc11aa4", "text": "List of Billboard 200 number-one albums of 1983 The Billboard 200 , published in Billboard magazine , is a weekly chart that ranks the highest-selling music albums and EPs in the United States . In 1983 , the name of the chart was Top LPs & Tape . Before Nielsen SoundScan began tracking sales in 1991 , Billboard estimated sales from a representative sampling of record stores nationwide , using telephone , fax or messenger service . Data were based on rankings made by the record stores of the best-selling records , not on actual sales figures . There were six number-one albums on this chart in 1983 , including the debut album of the Australian band Men at Work , Business as Usual , which spent the last seven weeks of 1982 and the first eight weeks of 1983 at number one , and was certified quadruple platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) in 1984 . Thriller , the sixth studio album by recording artist Michael Jackson , was released on November 1982 . It peaked at number one for twenty-two non-consecutive weeks in 1983 with another fifteen consecutive weeks at the top into the following year , and seven songs from the album became top ten singles between late 1982 and early 1984 . Two of them : `` Billie Jean '' and `` Beat It '' , reached the top position of the Billboard Hot 100 . Thriller won eight Grammy Awards , including Album of the Year at the 26th Grammy Awards , and was the best-selling album of 1983 with more than fifteen million copies sold . In 2008 , twenty-five years after its release , the record was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame , and a few weeks later , it was among twenty-five recordings preserved by the Library of Congress to the National Recording Registry as `` culturally significant '' . Flashdance , the soundtrack to the 1983 musical and romance film of the same name , peaked at number one for two weeks and won the Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack Album for a Motion Picture . The two singles released from the album , `` Flashdance ... What a Feeling '' by Irene Cara , and `` Maniac '' by Michael Sembello , reached the top of the singles chart in 1983 . The New York Times considered the British band The Police to be the year 's most influential rock band . Australian , British , and American bands copied the white-reggae formula of their ( The Police 's ) earlier successes . The group released their fifth and final studio album , Synchronicity , in 1983 . The album , a varied accomplished blend of rock , funk , and third-world rhythms , stayed at number one for seventeen weeks and was certified four times platinum by the RIAA in 1984 . Metal Health , the third album by heavy metal band Quiet Riot , peaked at number one for one week , becoming the first heavy metal record to reach the top of the Billboard 200 . Singer-songwriter Lionel Richie released his second album Ca n't Slow Down in 1983 , which spent three weeks at the top and won the Grammy Award for Album of the Year at the 27th Grammy Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f31dca7307f71a7195be99fe62ec903d", "text": "List of most downloaded songs in the United Kingdom A music download is the transfer of music as a digital file from a provider ( such as iTunes ) to a device capable of playing it ; legal sales of music downloads have been monitored and charted in the United Kingdom since 2004 . , the UK 's most downloaded song of all time is `` Happy '' by Pharrell Williams , which topped both the UK Singles Downloads Chart and UK Singles Chart . The first single to sell 1 million downloads in the UK was `` I Got ta Feeling '' by The Black Eyed Peas and `` Someone Like You '' by Adele is the best-selling download by a female artist . The best-selling song not to top the UK Singles Chart is `` Moves Like Jagger '' by Maroon 5 featuring Christina Aguilera , whilst the best-selling song not to top the Download Chart is `` Love the Way You Lie '' by Eminem featuring Rihanna , which peaked at number two .", "title": "" } ]	fever
716a97133c50f7a06a553c0b29485e11	50 First Dates is a film.	[ { "docid": "f38f41f41cd3e232a687b9a4ed12c196", "text": "50 First Dates 50 First Dates is a 2004 American romantic comedy film directed by Peter Segal and written by George Wing . The film stars Adam Sandler as a lothario veterinarian and Drew Barrymore as an amnesiac , along with Rob Schneider , Sean Astin , Lusia Strus , Blake Clark , and Dan Aykroyd . Most of the film was shot on location in Oahu , Hawaii on the Windward side and the North Shore . Sandler and Barrymore won an MTV award . The fictitious memory impairment suffered by Barrymore 's character , Goldfield 's Syndrome , is similar to short term memory loss and anterograde amnesia . The 2014 Malayalam film Ormayundo Ee Mukham is inspired by 50 First Dates .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "697580c81479770dc6c70a31e36dd7f8", "text": "B movie A B movie is a low-budget commercial movie , but one that is not an arthouse film . In its original usage , during the Golden Age of Hollywood , the term more precisely identified films intended for distribution as the less-publicized bottom half of a double feature . Although the U.S. production of movies intended as second features largely ceased by the end of the 1950s , the term B movie continues to be used in the broader sense it maintains today . In its post -- Golden Age usage , there is ambiguity on both sides of the definition : on the one hand , the primary interest of many inexpensive exploitation films is prurient ; on the other , many B movies display a high degree of craft and aesthetic ingenuity . In either usage , most B movies represent a particular genre -- the Western was a Golden Age B movie staple , while low-budget science-fiction and horror films became more popular in the 1950s . Early B movies were often part of series in which the star repeatedly played the same character . Almost always shorter than the top-billed films they were paired with , many had running times of 70 minutes or less . The term connoted a general perception that B movies were inferior to the more handsomely budgeted headliners ; individual B films were often ignored by critics . Latter-day B movies still sometimes inspire multiple sequels , but series are less common . As the average running time of top-of-the-line films increased , so did that of B pictures . In its current usage , the term has somewhat contradictory connotations : it may signal an opinion that a certain movie is ( a ) a genre film with minimal artistic ambitions or ( b ) a lively , energetic film uninhibited by the constraints imposed on more expensive projects and unburdened by the conventions of putatively `` serious '' independent film . The term is also now used loosely to refer to some higher-budgeted , mainstream films with exploitation-style content , usually in genres traditionally associated with the B movie . From their beginnings to the present day , B movies have provided opportunities both for those coming up in the profession and others whose careers are waning . Celebrated filmmakers such as Anthony Mann and Jonathan Demme learned their craft in B movies . They are where actors such as John Wayne and Jack Nicholson first became established , and they have provided work for former A movie actors , such as Vincent Price and Karen Black . Some actors , such as Bela Lugosi , Eddie Constantine and Pam Grier , worked in B movies for most of their careers . The term B actor is sometimes used to refer to a performer who finds work primarily or exclusively in B pictures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e700a9680540bc1e0014e24e0e0d274", "text": "Hollywood blacklist The Hollywood blacklist -- as the broader entertainment industry blacklist is generally known -- was the practice of denying employment to screenwriters , actors , directors , musicians , and other American entertainment professionals during the mid-20th century because they were accused of having Communist ties or sympathies . Artists were barred from work on the basis of their alleged membership in or sympathy with the Communist Party USA or refusal to assist investigations into the party 's activities . Even during the period of its strictest enforcement , the late 1940s through the late 1950s , the blacklist was rarely made explicit or verifiable , but it directly damaged the careers of scores of individuals working in the film industry . The first systematic Hollywood blacklist was instituted on November 25 , 1947 , the day after ten writers and directors were cited for contempt of Congress for refusing to testify to the House Un-American Activities Committee . A group of studio executives , acting under the aegis of the Association of Motion Picture Producers , fired the artists -- the so-called Hollywood Ten -- and made what has become known as the Waldorf Statement . On June 22 , 1950 , a pamphlet entitled Red Channels was published . Focused on the field of broadcasting , it identified 151 entertainment industry professionals in the context of `` Red Fascists and their sympathizers . '' Soon , most of those named , along with a host of other artists , were barred from employment in most of the entertainment field . The blacklist lasted until 1960 , when Dalton Trumbo , a Communist Party member from 1943 to 1948 and member of the Hollywood Ten , was credited as the screenwriter of the highly successful film Exodus , and later publicly acknowledged by actor Kirk Douglas for writing the screenplay for the movie Spartacus . A number of those blacklisted , however , were still barred from work in their professions for years afterward .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ebf601fbd10179192e6f995eb3104a6f", "text": "Expiration Date (film) Expiration Date ( 2006 ) is an independent black comedy film that won many film festival awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9f66dc4bbf42bfb02df1c06a93d33dbf", "text": "Peter Segal Not to be confused with NPR personality Peter Sagal Peter Segal ( born 1962 ) is an American film director , producer , screenwriter and actor . Segal has directed the comedy films Tommy Boy ( 1995 ) , My Fellow Americans ( 1996 ) , The Nutty Professor II : The Klumps ( 2000 ) , Anger Management ( 2003 ) , 50 First Dates ( 2004 ) , The Longest Yard ( 2005 ) , Get Smart ( 2008 ) , Grudge Match ( 2013 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a1b977fafaeded7a84bbc866e7041d55", "text": "AFI's 100 Years...100 Passions Part of the AFI 100 Years ... series , AFI 's 100 Years ... 100 Passions is a list of the top 100 greatest love stories in American cinema . The list was unveiled by the American Film Institute on June 11 , 2002 , in a CBS television special hosted by American film and TV actress Candice Bergen . Cary Grant and Katharine Hepburn are tied for the most films in the list , with six each . They co-starred in two of them - Bringing Up Baby and The Philadelphia Story .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8adebc36a3c3925e47c5aa1ae4f16537", "text": "48 Cameras 48 Cameras , often referred simply as 48C , is a musical and international collective in a format that varies according to circumstances . It was created in 1984 by both musicians and non-musicians ( the line-up varies greatly ) , some currently living in Belgium , Netherlands , United Kingdom , etc. . To this day , 48 Cameras recorded 13 albums , the work being done frequently via the Internet ( some of the members have never met ) , allowing the collective to welcome various guests from diverse cultures and a wide range of disciplines : Annemarie Borg ( Antara Project ) , Rodolphe Burger , Andy Cairns ( Therapy ? ) , David Coulter , Michel Delville , Sandy Dillon , Michael Gira , Marcel Kanche , Tom Heasley , Gerard Malanga , Martyn Bates , ( Eyeless in Gaza ) , DJ Olive , Charlemagne Palestine , Philippe Poirier , Nicholas Royle , Eugène Savitzkaya , Robin Rimbaud ( Scanner ) , Malka Spiegel , Vesica Piscis , Aaron Ximm , etc. . The music created has interestingly been described as being alternative , ambient , art rock , dark , folk , industrial or even psychedelic . Rightly or wrongly , the collective has been compared to bands as Coil , Psychic TV or Current 93 . Paul Buck , the author of the novel `` The Honeymoon Killers '' , was once a member of the collective . Due to the characteristics of the collective , 48 Cameras has only performed on stage eight times in its 32 years of existence : in Amay , Paris , Nancy , Brussels and Liege . In March 2004 , the RTBF 's `` Les 100 minutes de Tyan '' gave its last second two hours long programme to the collective . Jean M. Mathoul , one of the members of the collective , once said , paraphrasing David Herbert Lawrence : `` Our music could be a music written in a foreign language which we would not totally like to master '' . The name of the collective refers to Muybridge and to a Jim Morrison 's poem : `` Muybridge derived his animal subjects from the Philadelphia Zoological Garden , male performers from the University . The women were professional artists ' models , also actresses and dancers , parading nude before the 48 cameras '' ( in `` The Lords and the new creatures '' ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fddff19ac1068b5226e0b5f2075a65cf", "text": "List of teen films Teen film is a film genre targeted at teenagers and young adults in which the plot is based upon the special interests of teenagers and young adults , such as coming of age , first love , rebellion , conflict with parents , teen angst , and alienation . Some of these films are targeted at adults as well as teenagers . Teen films have been a trope of the cinema industry for decades since the 1950s . At this time , the film industry saw a greater market for teens with more disposable income and therefore more money to spend on leisure activities , largely going to films . Because of the boom in teen viewers , drive-in movie theaters were also very popular . However , even the silent era had teen films . Recently , online streaming services such as Netflix have created a resurgence in the `` tween '' and teenage-oriented film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ddc5067964842a84d37bac79c4a8319b", "text": "Discount theater Discount theaters , also known as dollar theatres , dollar movies , second-run theatres , and sub-run theatres , are movie theaters that show motion pictures for reduced prices after the films leave first-run theatres . Originally , they would receive 35mm films after they had been shown already at first run theaters ; therefore the film quality would be lower because the film was worn by dozens of showings , and the audience for the film would be reduced since it had been released weeks or months before . At the time , VHS was just rising as an affordable home video technology . Consequently , budget-conscious film-goers might wait for a film to hit the local dollar house instead of paying more money to see the film first-run . As the 21st century dawned , a pair of factors conspired to drive many discount theatres out of business : 1 ) an oversupply of American movie screens caused by ambitious overbuilding allowed films to stay longer in the first-run theatres , and 2 ) the delay between theatrical release and VHS or DVD release continued to shrink . This latter factor convinced many moviegoers that it was simply not worth the money , hassle , and possible encounters with noisy fellow patrons and sticky floors , meaning dollar theatres could be in the twilight of their existence .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b1dbfd1cea9ace7721909ada2d6207b8", "text": "List of British films of 2013 The British film industry produced over five hundred feature films in 2013 . This article fully lists all non-pornographic films , including short films , that had a release date in that year and which were at least partly made by the United Kingdom . It does not include films first released in previous years that had release dates in 2013 . Also included is an overview of the major events in British film , including film festivals and awards ceremonies , as well as lists of those films that were particularly well received , both critically and financially . The year was particularly notable for a number of low budget and independent horror films , such as In Fear , Devil 's Pass , Dementamania and Stalled .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "37ce5498b3136e7e6a64f911f19c756a", "text": "September Affair September Affair is a 1950 film directed by William Dieterle and starring Joan Fontaine , Joseph Cotten and Jessica Tandy . It was produced by Hal B. Wallis .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "505535e2adc60b968e3ff17037c51a4a", "text": "50 (number) 50 ( fifty ) is the natural number following 49 and preceding 51 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c5dda59700c5f002a1deafac42abb12e", "text": "Juke Box Jenny Juke Box Jenny ( also known as Fifty Million Nickels ) is a 1942 film directed by Harold Young and starring Ken Murray , Harriet Hilliard , Iris Adrian , and Donald Douglas . The film is a musical comedy with songs performed by Charlie Barnet and his Orchestra , The King 's Men , Wingy Manone and his Orchestra , The Milt Herth Trio , and The Eddie Beal Trio . The songs include `` Fifty Million Nickels Ca n't Be Wrong '' , `` Swing to Mother Goose '' , `` Tiger Rag '' , `` Macumba '' , and others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "73f35a1bb7cfa8a1d18f4dbbe6733bef", "text": "Hollywood & Wine Hollywood & Wine is a 2010 American comedy film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "532e86792e6238411b4533d36f49d6cb", "text": "1950s The 1950s ( pronounced nineteen-fifties ; commonly abbreviated as the 50s or Fifties ) was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on January 1 , 1950 , and ended on December 31 , 1959 . By its end , the world had largely recovered from World War II and the Cold War developed from its modest beginning in the late-1940s to a hot competition between the United States and the Soviet Union by the early-1960s . Clashes between communism and capitalism dominated the decade , especially in the Northern Hemisphere . The conflicts included the Korean War in the beginnings of the decade and the beginning of the Space Race with the launch of Sputnik 1 . Along with increased testing of nuclear weapons ( such as RDS-37 and Upshot -- Knothole ) , this created a politically conservative climate . In the United States , the Second Red Scare caused Congressional hearings by both houses in Congress and anti-communism was the prevailing sentiment in the United States throughout the decade . The beginning of decolonization in Africa and Asia took place in this decade and accelerated in the following decade .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64daf635e0704799258b62ebaea7c666", "text": "Art film An art film is typically a serious , independent film aimed at a niche market rather than a mass market audience . An art film is `` intended to be a serious artistic work , often experimental and not designed for mass appeal '' ; they are `` made primarily for aesthetic reasons rather than commercial profit '' , and they contain `` unconventional or highly symbolic content '' . Film critics and film studies scholars typically define an art film as possessing `` formal qualities that mark them as different from mainstream Hollywood films '' , which can include , among other elements , a sense of social realism ; an emphasis on the authorial expressiveness of the director ; and a focus on the thoughts , dreams , or motivations of characters , as opposed to the unfolding of a clear , goal-driven story . Film scholar David Bordwell describes art cinema as `` a film genre , with its own distinct conventions '' . Art film producers usually present their films at specialty theatres ( repertory cinemas , or , in the U.S. , `` arthouse cinemas '' ) and film festivals . The term art film is much more widely used in the United States , the UK and Australia than in Europe , where the term is more associated with `` auteur '' films and `` national cinema '' ( e.g. , German national cinema ) . Because they are aimed at small niche market audiences , they can rarely get the financial backing that will permit large production budgets , expensive special effects , costly celebrity actors , or huge advertising campaigns , as are used in widely released mainstream blockbuster films . Art film directors make up for these constraints by creating a different type of film , which typically uses lesser-known film actors ( or even amateur actors ) and modest sets to make films that focus much more on developing ideas or exploring new narrative techniques or film-making conventions . A certain degree of experience and knowledge are required to fully understand or appreciate such films . One mid-1990s art film was called `` largely a cerebral experience '' that one enjoys `` because of what you know about film '' . This contrasts sharply with mainstream `` blockbuster '' films , which are geared more towards escapism and pure entertainment . For promotion , art films rely on the publicity generated from film critics ' reviews , discussion of their film by arts columnists , commentators and bloggers , and `` word-of-mouth '' promotion by audience members . Since art films have small initial investment costs , they only need to appeal to a small portion of the mainstream viewing audiences to become financially viable .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "71f6daf652e91b4370c96f0178c79b4f", "text": "A Woman of Distinction A Woman of Distinction is a 1950 romantic comedy film directed by Edward Buzzell . It stars Rosalind Russell and Ray Milland .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3c95d6b6f0e5fc404bce953042aa238", "text": "Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film . The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d4e55587c1fe55b149a2e5eee939aaf", "text": "First Date (musical) First Date is a musical with a book by Austin Winsberg and music and lyrics by Alan Zachary and Michael Weiner . Based around the concept of a blind date , the musical made its world premiere during 2012 at Seattle 's ACT Theatre in a 5th Avenue Theatre co-production and made its Broadway debut August 8 , 2013 at the Longacre Theatre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "015e28c8c4dc39858fae3737288827d1", "text": "Not as a Stranger Not as a Stranger is a 1955 Drama film produced and directed by Stanley Kramer based on the 1954 novel of the same name by Morton Thompson . The romantic melodrama novel was widely popular , topping that year 's list of bestselling novels in the United States . The film was Kramer 's directorial debut and featured Olivia de Havilland and Robert Mitchum in the lead roles , backed by a stellar supporting cast including Frank Sinatra , Gloria Grahame , Broderick Crawford , Charles Bickford , Lon Chaney , Jr. , Harry Morgan , and Lee Marvin . The film was released by United Artists . Sinatra had catapulted back into the limelight as the result of a supporting role for a film from a similarly popular novel , From Here to Eternity , two years earlier . Initially a minor box office success , Not as a Stranger is seldom seen today , never receiving widespread distribution on home video . It was first released on DVD in 1992 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0cc9b9a571f1ad13859c14f951c7c82f", "text": "50 Cent discography American rapper 50 Cent has released five studio albums , ten mixtapes , two video albums , four compilation albums , one soundtrack album , 76 singles ( including 26 as a featured artist ) , and 88 music videos . As of July 2014 , he is the sixth best-selling hip-hop artist of the Nielsen SoundScan era with 16,786,000 albums sold in the US . 50 Cent signed to Shady Records in 2002 and released his debut studio album , Get Rich or Die Tryin ' , on February 6 , 2003 . The album peaked at number one in the US Billboard 200 and performed well in international markets . It features the number-one singles `` In da Club '' and `` 21 Questions '' and also includes the singles `` P.I.M.P. '' and `` If I Ca n't '' . 50 Cent collaborated with American rapper Lil ' Kim on `` Magic Stick '' , which peaked at number two in the US . In 2005 , he released his second studio album , The Massacre . The album charted at number one in the US , as well as reaching the top ten on many album charts worldwide , and sold 4.83 million copies in the United States in 2005 , the second highest sales count by any album that year . The Massacre includes the US top-three hits `` Disco Inferno '' and `` Just a Lil Bit '' , and the US number-one hit `` Candy Shop '' , which peaked in the top ten of many charts worldwide . A reissue of The Massacre produced the single `` Outta Control '' , which peaked at number six in the US . In November 2005 , 50 Cent starred in the movie Get Rich or Die Tryin ' , and recorded four singles for the film 's soundtrack : the international hits `` Hustler 's Ambition '' and `` Window Shopper '' , and also `` Best Friend '' and `` I 'll Whip Ya Head Boy '' . In 2007 , 50 Cent 's third studio album , Curtis , debuted at number two on the Billboard 200 , behind Kanye West 's album Graduation , after a much-hyped sales competition between the albums . Five singles were released from the album , including international hit `` Ayo Technology '' and Billboard hits `` Straight to the Bank '' , `` Amusement Park '' , `` I Get Money '' and `` I 'll Still Kill '' . In 2009 , he released his fourth studio album , Before I Self Destruct . Music critics described the album as a return to the darker , more intense style of music that 50 Cent exhibited on many of his early mixtapes . The album charted at number five on the Billboard 200 and peaked in the top twenty of several album charts worldwide . The album features two singles : the international hit `` Baby by Me '' , which peaked at number twenty-eight in the US , and `` Do You Think About Me '' . In June 2014 , 50 Cent released his fifth studio album , Animal Ambition . All of the songs on the standard edition of the album were released as singles prior to the album being delivered to the public . His upcoming sixth studio album , titled Street King Immortal , was preceded by the release of the non-album song `` Outlaw '' , which peaked at number eighty-seven in both the US and Canada , and a free download album -- 5 ( Murder by Numbers ) -- on July 6 , 2012 . Four singles were released in promotion for Street King Immortal : `` New Day '' , `` My Life '' , which reached number two on the UK Singles Chart , `` Major Distribution '' , and `` We Up '' , but the songs were scrapped and the album is now set to be released in 2016 .", "title": "" } ]	fever
99f6b93834232a6b6a740c4330eedf50	Miley Cyrus was an actress in Hannah Montana.	[ { "docid": "efe7d175eccfcda443c3f71466c3c6e4", "text": "Miley Cyrus Miley Ray Cyrus ( born Destiny Hope Cyrus ; November 23 , 1992 ) is an American singer , songwriter , and actress . After playing minor roles in the television series Doc and the film Big Fish in her childhood , she became a teen idol starring as the character Miley Stewart in the Disney Channel television series Hannah Montana in 2006 . Her father Billy Ray Cyrus also starred in the show . She subsequently signed a recording contract with Hollywood Records , and her debut studio album Meet Miley Cyrus ( 2007 ) was certified triple-platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) having shipped over three million units . She released her second album Breakout and launched her film career as a voice actress in the animated film Bolt in 2008 . Cyrus starred in the feature film Hannah Montana : The Movie , and began cultivating a more mature image with her EP The Time of Our Lives in 2009 . In 2010 , she released her third album Ca n't Be Tamed , which stands as the lowest-selling record of her career , and starred in the coming-of-age film The Last Song . Cyrus focused on her acting career with several television and film appearances in 2011 and 2012 . Her sexually explicit behavior generated widespread controversy while promoting her fourth album Bangerz ( 2013 ) , her first under her recording contract with RCA Records . Cyrus ' independently-released fifth studio album Miley Cyrus & Her Dead Petz ( 2015 ) deviated from her traditional pop style for more psychedelic experimentation . In 2016 , she was a coach for the eleventh season of the singing competition series The Voice . With Bangerz , Cyrus achieved her third number-one album on the U.S. Billboard 200 , and fifth overall including Hannah Montana soundtrack albums . She has logged eight top 10 entries on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 with : `` See You Again '' , `` 7 Things '' , `` The Climb '' , `` Party in the U.S.A. '' , `` Ca n't Be Tamed '' , `` We Ca n't Stop '' , `` Malibu '' and the chart-topping `` Wrecking Ball '' . Cyrus has earned numerous awards and nominations , as Billboard ranked her as the fourth best-selling female artist of 2009 . She was ranked number thirteen on Forbes Celebrity 100 in 2010 , and in 2013 was declared `` Artist of the Year '' by MTV . She has been included on the Time 100 list of most influential people in 2008 and 2014 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "68eda399872bab7e2004aa3a41232e9f", "text": "Debby Ryan Deborah Ann Ryan ( born May 13 , 1993 ) is an American actress and singer . Ryan started acting in professional theatres at the age of seven ; in 2007 she appeared in the Barney & Friends straight-to-DVD film Barney : Let 's Go to the Firehouse and then was discovered in a nationwide search by Disney . She is also known for appearing in the 2008 feature film The Longshots as Edith . In 2009 , she guest starred in an episode of Wizards of Waverly Place in `` Wizards on Deck with Hannah Montana '' as Bailey Pickett along with her other cast mates from The Suite Life on Deck . Then , in 2010 , she starred in the film 16 Wishes , which was the most watched cable program on the day of its premiere on the Disney Channel . 16 Wishes introduced Ryan to new audiences ; the movie received high viewership in the adults demographic ( 18 -- 34 ) . Soon after that , Ryan starred in the independent theatrical film , What If ... , which premiered on August 20 , 2010 . Ryan also starred in the 2012 Disney Channel Original Movie Radio Rebel , where she portrays Tara Adams , a shy 17-year-old girl who adopts the radio personality Radio Rebel . Ryan directed an episode of her TV show , Jessie , that aired on May 15 , 2015 . In 2013 , she formed the band The Never Ending . Beginning in July 2015 , Ryan will perform with The Never Ending as an opening act on Fifth Harmony 's Reflection Tour .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b8ba1ac0b31f8704d298cb1f4ebc8c39", "text": "Carlson Young Carlson Young ( born ) is an American actress . She is known for her roles on Disney Channel 's As the Bell Rings , the film Premature , Comedy Central 's Key & Peele , and for her role as Brooke Maddox in the main cast of MTV 's Scream television series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea9c0108a6294dff52c06bc0ae860abc", "text": "4x4 (song) `` 4x4 '' is a song by American recording artist Miley Cyrus featuring American rapper Nelly from Cyrus ' fourth studio album Bangerz ( 2013 ) . It was written and produced by Pharrell Williams , with additional songwriting provided by Cyrus and Nelly . The song is a country rap track that discusses having fun through the metaphor of a 4x4 truck . The song is sampled in British indie rock band Alt-J 's 2014 single `` Hunger of the Pine '' . `` 4x4 '' received generally favorable reviews from contemporary music critics , who appreciated its overall production and individuality compared to the other tracks included on Bangerz . Despite not having been released as a single , it peaked at number 41 on the U.S. Billboard Pop Digital Songs chart . Cyrus first performed the song during her episode of MTV Unplugged in January 2014 , and has also performed it during her Bangerz Tour . In August 2014 , Ubisoft revealed that the song will appear in Just Dance 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "518fa005a926db6329451c57426bc800", "text": "The Music of Nashville: Season 3, Volume 2 The Music of Nashville : Season 3 , Volume 2 is the sixth soundtrack album for the American musical drama television series Nashville , created by Academy Award winner Callie Khouri and starring Connie Britton as country music superstar Rayna Jaymes and Hayden Panettiere as new star Juliette Barnes . The album was released digitally and ( exclusive to Target stores in North America ) physically on May 12 , 2015 through Big Machine Records . Although guest star Christina Aguilera 's songs `` The Real Thing '' and `` Shotgun '' were released as digital singles , neither track appears on the album due to label rights ( Aguilera is an RCA artist ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7c60244c60baab4d04186b0d6c527c2d", "text": "Florence Henderson Florence Agnes Henderson ( February 14 , 1934 -- November 24 , 2016 ) was an American actress and singer with a career spanning six decades . She is best remembered for her starring role as matriarch Carol Brady on the ABC sitcom The Brady Bunch from 1969 to 1974 . Henderson also appeared in film , as well as on stage , and hosted several long-running cooking and variety shows over the years . She appeared as a guest on many scripted and unscripted ( talk and reality show ) television programs and as a panelist on numerous game shows . She was a contestant on Dancing with the Stars in 2010 . Henderson hosted her own talk show , The Florence Henderson Show , and cooking show , Who 's Cooking with Florence Henderson , on Retirement Living TV during the years leading up to her death at age 82 on Thanksgiving Day , 2016 from heart failure .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "20869ad0004c9790cab969999c72d22d", "text": "You Can't Buy Everything You Ca n't Buy Everything ( 1934 ) is an American Pre-Code romantic drama movie released by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer . It stars May Robson , Jean Parker and Lewis Stone . Working titles of the film were Rich Widow and Old Hannibal . According to Motion Picture Herald , the principal character of Hannah Bell ( played by May Robson ) was modeled after Hetty Green , famous as the miserly `` Witch of Wall Street . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "837676cdab535ac9e92463c20dc6cafd", "text": "Miley Somehow Miley Somehow is a 2013 independent Hindi romantic comedy film directed and co-written by Vikram Yoganand and shot in and around Bangalore by a crew of young Bangalorean filmmakers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "099ee3a77bbfd07b11206802b6634ecd", "text": "Desperate Housewives Desperate Housewives is an American television comedy-drama and mystery series created by Marc Cherry , and produced by ABC Studios and Cherry Productions . It originally aired for eight seasons on ABC , from October 3 , 2004 to May 13 , 2012 . Executive producer Cherry served as showrunner . Other executive producers since the fourth season included Bob Daily , George W. Perkins , John Pardee , Joey Murphy , David Grossman , and Larry Shaw . Set on Wisteria Lane , a street in the fictional town of Fairview in the fictional Eagle State , Desperate Housewives follows the lives of a group of women as seen through the eyes of their late friend and neighbor who committed suicide in the pilot episode . The storyline covers 13 years of the women 's lives over eight seasons , set between the years 2004 -- 2008 , and later 2013 -- 2017 ( the story arc includes a five-year passage of time , as well as flashbacks ranging from the 1980s to the 2020s ) . They work through domestic struggles and family life , while facing the secrets , crimes and mysteries hidden behind the doors of their -- on the surface -- beautiful and seemingly perfect suburban neighborhood . The series features an ensemble cast , headed by Teri Hatcher as Susan Mayer , Felicity Huffman as Lynette Scavo , Marcia Cross as Bree Van de Kamp , and Eva Longoria as Gabrielle Solis . Brenda Strong narrates the series as the late Mary Alice Young , appearing sporadically in flashbacks or dream sequences . Desperate Housewives was well received by viewers and critics alike . It won multiple Primetime Emmy , Golden Globe and Screen Actors Guild Awards . From the 2004 -- 05 through the 2008 -- 09 television seasons , its first five seasons were rated amongst the top ten most-watched series . In 2007 , it was reported to be the most popular show in its demographic worldwide , with an audience of approximately 120 million and was also reported as the third most watched television series in a study of ratings in twenty countries . In 2012 , it remained the most-watched comedy series internationally based on data from Eurodata TV Worldwide , which measured ratings across five continents ; it has held this position since 2006 . Moreover , it was the third highest revenue earning series for 2010 , with $ 2.74 million per half an hour . The show was ranked at number fifty-six on Entertainment Weekly `` New TV Classics '' list . In 2011 , it was confirmed that Desperate Housewives would conclude after its eighth season ; the series finale aired on May 13 , 2012 . By the end of the series , it had surpassed Charmed as the longest running hour-long television series featuring all female leads by two episodes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f77ac141364b961d8b823073e132d3bb", "text": "Nancy O'Meara Nancy O'Meara is an American dancer , choreographer and occasional actress . O'Meara was born and raised in Boston , Massachusetts with a strong technical background , trained in all forms of dance . Her choreography is known to be fast paced and powerful . She has worked with some of the biggest names in showbusiness , including Jennifer Lopez , Kelly Clarkson , Britney Spears , Usher , Reba McEntire and Paula Abdul . She has performed in a variety of specials including the Grammy Awards , the MTV Movie Awards , the American Music Awards , the Academy Awards , the Billboard Awards , and the Latin Grammy Awards and on television shows that include The Tonight Show , the Late Show with David Letterman and Chicago Hope . She has choreographed and directed world tours for artists such as Hilary Duff ( `` Metamorphosis Tour , '' `` Most Wanted Tour '' ) , Jesse McCartney ( `` Beautiful Soul Tour '' ) , Aly and AJ ( `` On The Ride Tour , '' `` Aly and AJ Tour '' ) , Vanessa Hudgens ( `` Baby V Tour '' ) , Colbie Caillat ( `` Coco World Tour '' ) and six world tours with Latin superstar Chayanne . Her choreography can most recently be seen on the High School Musical concert tour , with Hayden Panettiere on PBS ' A Capitol Fourth with Ashley Tisdale on NBC 's Christmas at Rockefeller Center and on Disney 's hit television series Hannah Montana . She has also done choreography and staging for American Idol . She has also choreographed several music videos , including `` Fly '' for Hilary Duff , `` Come Back To Me '' for Vanessa Hudgens , `` She 's No You '' for Jesse McCartney , `` Potential Break Up Song '' for Aly and AJ , `` He Said , She Said '' for Ashley Tisdale and `` Monkey to The Man '' for Elvis Costello . Her feature film dance credits include Showgirls , for which she also acted as assistant choreographer , The Wedding Planner , 13 Going on 30 The Country Bears , Forrest Gump , Austin Powers in Goldmember and Clerks II . She is a judge on Bravo 's dance reality series Step It Up and Dance along with world-renowned choreographer Vincent Paterson and actress Elizabeth Berkley . Web design is currently provided by Robert Rambin of Exact One Media and her choreography and artistic direction is by Abrams Artists Agency .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "33e7422334fa6e7fe069b3f611299dfd", "text": "Chloe Bennet Chloe Bennet ( born Chloé Wang , April 18 , 1992 ) is an American actress and singer . She is commonly known for her role as Daisy Johnson ( formerly known as Skye ) in the ABC spy-fi series Marvel 's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8bdfe36fd575172c4c714974932e2632", "text": "Peggy Miley Peggy Miley ( born July 5 , 1941 ) is an American actress and writer . She has played supporting roles in films like Alice , The Little Princess , Bandits , The Back-up Plan , and Primary Colors . She is also known for her work in commercials , including a popular Christmas television ad for Cheerios in which she played the grandmother .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3cfd1f6f4f9054ea958cc30289d8b28a", "text": "Hannah Elizabeth (musician) Hannah Elizabeth ( born September 25 , 1992 ) is an American singer-songwriter , who became known in the music industry after her music video created interest online in October 2015 . Born and raised in the suburbs of Detroit , West Bloomfield , Michigan , she became interested in music , singing and performing at a young age . After her first major release Wild We 'll Run , which was commercially released in May 2015 , Elizabeth became an online music trend with her music video `` No Good '' , released in October 2015 . Hannah Elizabeth is signed with The Artist Refinery after graduating from the University of Michigan in 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3bc66dd157864e1592094b1e60592e92", "text": "Girl Rising (film) Girl Rising is a movie produced by Kayce Freed , Tom Yellin and Holly Gordon at The Documentary Group in partnership with Paul G. Allen and Jody Allen of Vulcan Productions . It was directed by Academy Award nominee Richard E. Robbins and features narration by Anne Hathaway , Cate Blanchett , Selena Gomez , Liam Neeson , Priyanka Chopra , Chloë Grace Moretz , Freida Pinto , Salma Hayek , Meryl Streep , Alicia Keys and Kerry Washington . The movie tells the stories of nine girls from nine countries : ( Sierra Leone , Haiti , Ethiopia , Afghanistan , Peru , Egypt , Nepal , India and Cambodia ) . Each girl had her story written by a writer from her country and voiced by renowned actors . Their stories reflect their struggles to overcome societal or cultural barriers . The writers are Loung Ung ( Cambodia ) , Edwidge Danticat ( Haiti ) , Manjushree Thapa ( Nepal ) , Mona Eltahawy ( Egypt ) , Maaza Mengiste ( Ethiopia ) , Sooni Taraporevala ( India ) , Maria Arana ( Peru ) , Aminatta Forna ( Sierra Leone ) , Zarghuna Kargar ( Afghanistan ) . The girls ' names are Sokha ( Cambodia ) , Wadley ( Haiti ) , Suma ( Nepal ) , Yasmin ( Egypt ) , Azmera ( Ethiopia ) , Ruksana ( India ) , Senna ( Peru ) , Mariama ( Sierra Leone ) and Amina ( Afghanistan ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "597617e7fc362501829de9b41d5dc0e1", "text": "Leslie Mills Leslie Mills is an American singer , songwriter , record producer , and actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1f694777d11ed56f28b345fe4e686a58", "text": "List of Hannah Montana songs This is a list of songs performed by Hannah Montana and songs used in the Disney Channel series Hannah Montana ( 2006 -- 2011 ) and its film , The Hannah Montana Movie ( 2009 ) . All songs are sung by Miley Cyrus as Hannah Montana unless otherwise noted . All songs are listed by order of album released , then by appearance in the series . Songs are not included if they are one line or shorter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fedef2c3d663d238770c81801c083f34", "text": "Ione Skye Ione Skye Lee ( -LSB- aɪˈoʊni -RSB- née Ione Skye Leitch , September 4 , 1970 ) is a British-American actress who starred the 1989 movie Say Anything ... . In 2006 , VH1 placed her at number 84 on its `` 100 Greatest Teen Stars '' list .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5384346405d3a93ab8f0db8f69af9f38", "text": "Elle Fanning Mary Elle Fanning ( born April 9 , 1998 ) is an American actress . She is the younger sister of actress Dakota Fanning . In 2011 , Fanning starred in her breakout role as Alice Dainard in J. J. Abrams ' sci-fi-drama , Super 8 , for which she received a Spotlight Award at the Hollywood Film Festival , and was cited as one of the film 's best aspects by The Telegraph . Fanning has received multiple nominations , including for a Saturn Award , a Young Artist Award , a Broadcast Film Critics Association Award , a Teen Choice Award , a Scream Award , and an MTV Movie Award . She is mainly known for her starring roles in Phoebe in Wonderland , Somewhere , We Bought a Zoo , Ginger and Rosa , Maleficent , and The Neon Demon .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9dc25a7f1c07ffd673c318ffca65d793", "text": "Caitlin Dulany Caitlin Dulany is an American actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8bf46fc2c16260c2a2447ad6d3b25962", "text": "List of accolades received by Fences (film) Fences is a 2016 American drama film directed by Denzel Washington and written by August Wilson . Starring Washington , Viola Davis , Jovan Adepo and Stephen McKinley Henderson , the film focuses on a man and his life , family , and job . The film began a limited release on December 16 , 2016 , before opening wide on December 25 . The film was released to universal acclaim , with Rotten Tomatoes listing an approval rating of 93 % , based on 207 reviews , with an average rating of 7.7 / 10 , and Metacritic listing a score of 79 out of 100 , based on 48 reviews . Fences won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress and the British Academy Film Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role for Davis . The film won Best Supporting Actress for Davis and was nominated for Best Picture , Best Director , Best Actor for Washington , Best Acting Ensemble and Best Adapted Screenplay at Critics ' Choice Awards . The film won Best Supporting Actress -- Motion Picture for Davis and was nominated for Best Actor -- Motion Picture Drama for Washington at Golden Globe Awards . The film received four nominations at Satellite Awards , including Best Film , Best Director , Best Actor for Washington and Best Supporting Actress for Davis .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "475af628ce36adf1f451d82b83024fc7", "text": "Britney/Brittany `` Britney/Brittany '' is the second episode of the second season of the American television series Glee , and the twenty-fourth episode overall . Written and directed by series creator Ryan Murphy , it premiered on the Fox network on September 28 , 2010 , and pays tribute to Britney Spears . Glee club member Brittany S. Pierce ( Heather Morris ) experiences an anesthesia-induced hallucination in which she recreates iconic Spears moments , and comes to self-realization , and several club members follow suit . Co-captains Rachel ( Lea Michele ) and Finn ( Cory Monteith ) experience difficulties in their relationship , and club director Will Schuester ( Matthew Morrison ) becomes jealous of guidance counselor Emma Pillsbury 's ( Jayma Mays ) new boyfriend , Dr. Carl Howell ( John Stamos ) . Following the first season episode `` The Power of Madonna '' , which served as an homage to Madonna , Murphy planned two tribute episodes for Glee second season , of which `` Britney/Brittany '' is the first . He was approached by Spears about using her songs , and deemed her one of the most important female musicians of the decade , having inspired many of the show 's young cast to pursue musical careers . Spears makes several cameos in the episode , appearing in the students ' dream sequences . `` Britney/Brittany '' was also intended as a showcase for Morris , whose character was originally a background character on the show , but was promoted to a series regular after her character proved to be a fan favorite . The episode features seven musical performances , six of which were released as singles . It was watched by 13.51 million American viewers , Glee third largest audience ever , and attracted mixed reviews from critics . ToddVanDerWerff of The A.V. Club criticized its slightness of plot and incongruous musical numbers ; however , James Poniewozik of Time praised the episode for embracing its fantasy nature . Entertainment Weekly Tim Stack was dismayed by the close recreations of Spears videos , preferring Glee more original interpretations of its cover versions , yet MTV 's Aly Semigran felt that the performance of `` I 'm a Slave 4 U '' was one of the best sequences in the show 's history . Michele 's rendition of '' ... Baby One More Time '' attracted negative reviews , though her performance of Paramore 's `` The Only Exception '' was generally well received . Spears ' cameo received mixed reviews , with even those critics who received it favorably expressing relief that she did not appear for longer . Morris ' performance attracted critical praise , particularly for her dancing skills .", "title": "" } ]	fever
917d74b04e0e4035b3d66287a262fb20	Empress Matilda was the daughter of Henry I.	[ { "docid": "3184dc16d4f679c6049a1facced86ad5", "text": "Empress Matilda Empress Matilda ( c. 7 February 110210 September 1167 ) , also known as the Empress Maude , was the claimant to the English throne during the civil war known as the Anarchy . The daughter of King Henry I of England , she moved to Germany as a child when she married the future Holy Roman Emperor Henry V . She travelled with her husband into Italy in 1116 , was controversially crowned in St. Peter 's Basilica , and acted as the imperial regent in Italy . Matilda and Henry had no children , and when Henry died in 1125 , the crown was claimed by Lothair II , one of his political enemies . Meanwhile , Matilda 's younger brother , William Adelin , died in the White Ship disaster of 1120 , leaving England facing a potential succession crisis . On Henry V 's death , Matilda was recalled to Normandy by her father , who arranged for her to marry Geoffrey of Anjou to form an alliance to protect his southern borders . Henry I had no further legitimate children and nominated Matilda as his heir , making his court swear an oath of loyalty to her and her successors , but the decision was not popular in the Anglo-Norman court . Henry died in 1135 but Matilda and Geoffrey faced opposition from the Norman barons and were unable to pursue their claims . The throne was instead taken by Matilda 's cousin Stephen of Blois , who enjoyed the backing of the English Church . Stephen took steps to solidify his new regime , but faced threats both from neighbouring powers and from opponents within his kingdom . In 1139 Matilda crossed to England to take the kingdom by force , supported by her half-brother , Robert of Gloucester , and her uncle , King David I of Scotland , while Geoffrey focused on conquering Normandy . Matilda 's forces captured Stephen at the Battle of Lincoln in 1141 , but the Empress 's attempt to be crowned at Westminster collapsed in the face of bitter opposition from the London crowds . As a result of this retreat , Matilda was never formally declared Queen of England , and was instead titled the Lady of the English . Robert was captured following the Rout of Winchester in 1141 , and Matilda agreed to exchange him for Stephen . Matilda became trapped in Oxford Castle by Stephen 's forces that winter , and was forced to escape across the frozen River Isis at night to avoid capture . The war degenerated into a stalemate , with Matilda controlling much of the south-west of England , and Stephen the south-east and the Midlands . Large parts of the rest of the country were in the hands of local , independent barons . Matilda returned to Normandy , now in the hands of her husband , in 1148 , leaving her eldest son to continue the campaign in England ; he eventually succeeded to the throne as Henry II in 1154 . She settled her court near Rouen and for the rest of her life concerned herself with the administration of Normandy , acting on Henry 's behalf when necessary . Particularly in the early years of her son 's reign , she provided political advice and attempted to mediate during the Becket controversy . She worked extensively with the Church , founding Cistercian monasteries , and was known for her piety . She was buried under the high altar at Bec Abbey after her death in 1167 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "98b047d2006f11d49c58697e48bdf79d", "text": "Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou Geoffrey V ( 24 August 1113 -- 7 September 1151 ) -- called the Handsome or the Fair ( le Bel ) and Plantagenet -- was the Count of Anjou , Touraine , and Maine by inheritance from 1129 and then Duke of Normandy by conquest from 1144 . By his marriage to the Empress Matilda , daughter and heiress of Henry I of England , Geoffrey had a son , Henry Curtmantle , who succeeded to the English throne as King Henry II ( 1154-1189 ) and was the first of the Plantagenet dynasty to rule England ; the name `` Plantagenet '' was taken from Geoffrey 's epithet . His ancestral domain of Anjou gave rise to the name Angevin for three kings of England ( Henry II his son and heir , and Henry 's sons Richard and John ) , and what became known as the Angevin Empire in the 12th century .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "ae1e6aaafc523c1c40c9b031e47d778a", "text": "Maud of Gloucester, Countess of Chester Maud of Gloucester , Countess of Chester ( died 29 July 1189 ) , also known as Matilda , was an Anglo-Norman noblewoman and the daughter of Robert , 1st Earl of Gloucester , an illegitimate son of King Henry I of England and Mabel , daughter of Robert fitz Hamon . Her husband was Ranulf de Gernon , 4th Earl of Chester ( died Dec. 16 , 1153 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c31ac523acbf84d8a836f15b9eabaefc", "text": "Henry I, Margrave of the Saxon Ostmark Henry I ( 1070 -- 1103 ) , called the Elder , count of Eilenburg and son of Count Dedo II of Wettin and his second wife Adela of Brabant , inherited in 1075 the marches of Lusatia and Ostmark . In 1089 , following the deposition of the anti-king Egbert II of Meissen , he was granted Meissen by the Emperor Henry IV . He was the first of the House of Wettin to govern that margraviate . It had previously been held by Vratislaus II of Bohemia , but he had never been confirmed in his possession . He was married to Gertrud of Braunschweig , daughter of the margrave Egbert I of Meissen , from which marriage he had only a son , his successor Henry .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c48e1ee4f18f7a6761b813d4faec7f81", "text": "Richard of Lincoln (illegitimate son of Henry I of England) Richard of Lincoln ( b. before 1101 , d. 25 November 1120 ) was the illegitimate son of Henry I of England , born to Henry and a woman named Ansfride , widow of Aanskill ( origins unknown ) . She is often referred to as Henry 's third mistress . Richard was brought up and educated by Robert Bloet , the Bishop of Lincoln . Bloet had also educated Richard 's half-brother Robert , 1st Earl of Gloucester . Richard is sometimes confused with Richard de Lincoln , an Anglo-Norman prelate who died in 1203 . Richard supported his father in his war with Louis VI of France , although it is unclear at what point he joined the fight with the English forces . According to Orderic Vitalis , he avoided capture by French forces at Les Andelys in 1119 through the help of Ralph the Red of Pont-Echanfray . He continued to fight at his father 's side during the sieged the castle of Évreux being held by Henry 's most detested enemy , Amaury III de Montfort . His last known military adventure was at the battle of Brémule on 20 August 1119 , for which the decisive win by the English led to Louis ' accepting Richard 's half-brother William Adelin as Duke of Normandy . In 1120 , Richard became betrothed to Amice , the daughter of the defender of Brémule , Raoul II de Gael , seigneur of Gael and Montfort , son of Ralph de Gael , Earl of East Anglia . The marriage never took place as Richard died in the wreck of the White Ship on 25 November 1120 . Amice did not accompany him and lived until 1168 , marrying the king 's ward Robert de Beaumont , 2nd Earl of Leicester , and one of many descendents included Ida de Tosny , a mistress of Henry II Curtmantle , King of England .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "31b3d53502cc8ead606bd50d04e535b7", "text": "Henry FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Richmond and Somerset Henry FitzRoy , 1st Duke of Richmond and Somerset ( 15 June 1519 -- 23 July 1536 ) , was the son of King Henry VIII of England and his mistress , Elizabeth Blount , and the only illegitimate offspring whom Henry VIII acknowledged . He was the younger half-brother of Mary I , future Queen of England ( daughter of Catherine of Aragon ) , as well as the older half-brother of the future Elizabeth I ( daughter of Anne Boleyn ) and Edward VI ( son of Jane Seymour ) . Through his mother he was the elder brother of Elizabeth Tailboys , 4th Baroness Tailboys of Kyme , George Tailboys , 2nd Baron Tailboys of Kyme and Robert Tailboys , 3rd Baron Tailboys of Kyme .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7ec0e2b503d80332cd54595b2057c576", "text": "Margaret of Flanders, Duchess of Brabant Margaret of Flanders ( died 3 July 1285 ) was a Duchess consort of Brabant . She was the daughter of Guy of Dampierre and his first wife Matilda of Béthune . She married John I , Duke of Brabant in 1273 . She was the mother of : Godfrey ( 1273/74 -- aft . 13 September 1283 ) . John II of Brabant ( 1275 -- 1312 ) . Margaret of Brabant ( 4 October 1276 -- 14 December 1311 , Genoa ) , married 9 June 1292 to Henry VII , Holy Roman Emperor . Marie ( d. after 2 December 1338 ) , married to Count Amadeus V of Savoy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "55cf6cadf9d80643f94f6f326344a0e9", "text": "Henry of Burgundy Henry of Burgundy may refer to : Henry I , Duke of Burgundy ( 946 -- 1002 ) , sometimes called Eudes Henry or Odo Henry Henry I of France ( 1008 -- 1060 ) , also held Burgundy as Henry II Henry , son of Robert I of Burgundy ( 1035 -- 1074 ) , son and heir of Robert I , Duke of Burgundy , but died during his father 's lifetime ; father of two Dukes of Burgundy , and of : Henry , Count of Portugal ( 1066 -- 1112 ) , son of Henry of Burgundy", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d26dcc3945ad074e10eea128725b04b", "text": "Elisabeth of Cleves, Countess of Schwarzburg-Blankenburg Elisabeth of Cleves was the daughter of Adolph I , Duke of Cleves and Marie of Burgundy , Duchess of Cleves . She married Count Henry XXVI of Schwarzburg-Blankenburg , on July 15 , 1434 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f9454913ceaa83528853365142ff6ea6", "text": "William of Winchester, Lord of Lüneburg William of Winchester ( 11 April 1184 -- 13 December 1213 ) , also called William of Lüneburg ( Wilhelm von Lüneburg ) or William Longsword , a member of the House of Welf , was heir to his family 's allodial lands in the Duchy of Saxony after the deposition of his father , Duke Henry the Lion in 1180 . William was the fifth and youngest son of Henry the Lion and Matilda , the eldest daughter of King Henry II of England . He was born in Winchester , England during his father 's exile ; he probably remained there when Henry returned to Saxony and was raised at King Richard 's court . After his unsuccessful uprising , Henry had submitted to the Hohenstaufen emperor Frederick Barbarossa in 1181 and though he had to leave Germany , he could retain the Welf possessions around Lüneburg , Braunschweig , and Haldensleben . He finally reconciled with Frederick 's son and successor Emperor Henry VI in 1194 and surrendered his younger sons William and Otto as hostages for the payment of the ransom for the release of their uncle King Richard . William was extradited to Duke Leopold V of Austria and temporarily held in Hungary . When Henry the Lion died in 1195 , William , Otto and their elder brother Henry V inherited his Saxon allods . The Welf brothers entered into an agreement with the Cologne archbishop Adolf of Altena , who in 1198 crowned Otto King of the Romans during the throne quarrel with the Hohenstaufen heir Philip of Swabia . Upon the death of their maternal uncle King Richard in 1199 , William and Henry again went to England in order to assert their inheritance claims against their cousin John Lackland , though to no avail . After the Danish conquest of Holstein in 1201 , William met Valdemar , the brother of King Canute VI of Denmark in Hamburg , where he arranged his marriage with the king 's sister Helena . Both entered into matrimony in spring 1202 , accompanied by the provision of a significant dowry . Their only child was Otto ( 1204 -- 1252 ) , who inherited his father 's property and became the first Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg in 1235 . William 's hopes to assume the rule in Holstein , however , were disappointed by the Danish court . In May 1202 , the Welf brothers met at Paderborn , where they divided their father 's heritage . William received the northern territories up to the Danish border around the town of Lüneburg , the territory of Lauenburg beyond the Elbe River , Hitzacker , Lüchow , and Dannenberg , as well as the lands around Haldensleben and in the eastern Harz mountain range including Blankenburg and Heimburg with Regenstein Castle . William concentrated on consolidating his rule , strongly relying on the salt trade around Lüneburg , which became his permanent residence . Upon William 's death in 1213 , Otto IV acted as a guardian for his brother 's son Otto the Child . As both Otto IV and his brother Henry V died without male heirs , Otto the Child became sole ruler of the Welf possessions and progenitor of all Dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ba82c734c54dab5f9dd01e9647d275bd", "text": "Mechtild of Nassau Mechtild of Nassau ( before 1280 -- 19 June 1323 ) was the youngest child of Adolf of Germany and his wife Imagina of Isenburg-Limburg . Mechtild is also known as Matilda of Nassau . She was Duchess consort of Bavaria , by her marriage to Rudolf I , Duke of Bavaria .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0f17c81f62761a083f411305cf1fbe21", "text": "Ealdgyth, daughter of Earl Ælfgar Ealdgyth ( fl . c. 1057 -- 1066 ) , also Aldgyth or in modern English , Edith , was a daughter of Ælfgar , Earl of Mercia , the wife of Gruffudd ap Llywelyn ( d. 1063 ) , ruler of all Wales , and later the wife and queen consort of Harold Godwineson , king of England in 1066 . She was described by William of Jumièges as a considerable beauty .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1488eef2f350a3e200af1008da95602d", "text": "Wars of the Roses The Wars of the Roses were a series of wars for control of the throne of England fought between supporters of two rival branches of the royal House of Plantagenet : the House of Lancaster ( associated with a red rose ) , and the House of York ( whose symbol was a white rose ) . The conflict lasted through many sporadic episodes between 1455 and 1487 ; however , there was fighting before and after this period between the houses . The power struggle ignited around social and financial troubles following the Hundred Years ' War , combined with the mental infirmity and weak rule of Henry VI which revived interest in Richard of York 's claim to the throne . Historians disagree about whether the Wars of the Roses were caused by the structural problems of bastard feudalism or Henry VI 's ineffectiveness as king . With the Duke of York 's death , the claim transferred to his heir , Edward , who later became the first Yorkist king of England , as Edward IV . His son reigned for 86 days as Edward V , but Parliament then decided that Edward and his brother Richard were illegitimate and offered the crown to Edward IV 's younger brother , who became Richard III . The two young princes disappeared within the confines of the Tower of London . The final victory went to a claimant of the Lancastrian party , Henry Tudor , Earl of Richmond , who defeated the last Yorkist king , Richard III , at the Battle of Bosworth Field . After assuming the throne as Henry VII , he married Elizabeth of York , the eldest daughter and heir of Edward IV , thereby uniting the two claims . The House of Tudor ruled the Kingdom of England until 1603 , with the death of Elizabeth I , granddaughter of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b19b7ba33a057b0c5c530bddd8019568", "text": "Henry II, Landgrave of Hesse Henry II of Hesse ( German : Heinrich ) , ( c. 1299 -- 3 June 1376 ) called `` the Iron '' was Landgrave of Hesse from 1328 - 1376 . Henry was the son of Otto I , Landgrave of Hesse and Adelheid of Ravensburg . With his wife Elisabeth of Thuringia , daughter of Frederick I , Margrave of Meissen , he had five children : Otto the Younger ( 1322c-1366 ) Adelheid ( 1323/24 -1370 ) later wife of Casimir III of Poland Elisabeth -LSB- 1329c-1390 -RSB- later wife of Ernest I , Duke of Brunswick-Göttingen Jutta/Judith ; died in infancy Margarethe , a nun in Haidau monastery When Henry 's son Otto died in 1366 , his nephew Hermann was named co-regent . This caused fighting to break out with Otto of Brunswick . To defray the costs of the conflict with Brunswick , Henry levied a tax on all imported goods .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "92696126b68b6448d657892faf87487d", "text": "Henry I (archbishop of Trier) Henry I ( died 3 July 964 ) was the Archbishop of Trier from 956 until his death . Henry was a member of the House of Babenberg . His brother was Poppo I , Bishop of Würzburg , and another possible brother was the Berthold of Schweinfurt . Henry was trained with Wolfgang , the future saint and Bishop of Regensburg , in the Abbey of Reichenau . Henry and Wolfgang were later trained at the cathedral school in Würzburg by Stephen of Novara . In 956 , Otto I of Germany appointed Henry to the vacant see of Trier . On 26 May 961 , Henry with the archbishops Bruno I of Cologne and William of Mainz crowned Otto 's son Otto II king . Henry later accompanied Otto I on his campaigns in Italy . He died in Rome during an epidemic of malaria that broke out in the imperial army caused by nearby pestilent marshes . Henry was buried in Parma but his remains were later translated to Trier Cathedral .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "daa7fd9b656247eb4cd48a27b911ebc0", "text": "Henry I the Bald, Count of Stade Henry I the Bald ( died 11 May 976 ) , Count of Stade , son of Lothar II , Count of Stade , and Swanhild of Saxony . Henry is recorded as a cousin of Otto I , Holy Roman Emperor , but their exact relationship remains a mystery . Henry was also appointed Count of Heilangau , the ancient capital of Stade , in 959 . Apparently , when Henry 's father died at the Battle of Lenzen , the county of Stade was taken by Wichmann the Elder and his two sons , not to return to the family of Lothar until 967 . Henry 's grandson Thietmar of Merseburg recounts that Henry tried to capture Margrave Hermann Billung because of `` arrogance '' in ceremonial matters , but failed . Henry married first Judith von der Wetterau ( 925-973 ) , sister of Conrad I , Duke of Swabia . Their father was either Conrad or Udo , son of Gebbard , Duke of Lorraine . Henry married second Hildegard von Reinhausen , daughter of Elli I , Count of Reinhausen . Henry and Judith had seven children : Henry II the Good , Count of Stade Lothair Udo I , Count of Stade Gerberg von Stade ( d. 1000 ) , married Dietrich I , Count of Querfurt . Their son was Dietrich , Bishop of Münster . Kunigunde von Stade ( 956-997 ) , married Siegfried I the Older , Count of Walbeck . Their son was Thietmar , Prince-Bishop of Merseburg , chronicler of the Ottonian dynasty of Germany and the Holy Roman Empire . Herwig von Stade Emnilde von Stade Siegfried II , Count of Stade . Henry and Hildegard had one child : Hildegarde von Stade ( 974 - 3 October 1011 ) , married Bernard I , Duke of Saxony , son of Hermann Billung , Margrave of the Billung March , and his wife Countess Oda . Henry was succeeded as Count of Stade by his brother Siegfried I . The date of succession is unclear , but possibly as early as 973 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4c28f24e2df7d4937cd0531f046cbea7", "text": "Elen ferch Llywelyn (the Elder) Elen ferch Llywelyn ( c. 1218 -- 1253 ) was the daughter of Llywelyn the Great of Gwynedd in North Wales by Joan , Lady of Wales , the natural daughter of King John of England . Elen married John of Scotland , 9th Earl of Huntingdon , in about 1222 . He died aged thirty in 1237 , and she was forced by King Henry III to marry Sir Robert de Quincy . Their daughter , Hawise , married Baldwin Wake , Lord Wake of Liddell . Hawise and Baldwin 's granddaughter , Margaret Wake , was the mother of Joan of Kent . Joan of Kent was the wife of Edward , the Black Prince and the mother of Richard II of England , who was deposed and died without heirs . The blood of Llywelyn the Great eventually came into the English royal family through Joan of Kent 's earlier marriage to Thomas Holland , 1st Earl of Kent . By their eldest son , Thomas Holland , 2nd Earl of Kent , two of his six daughters were ancestresses ; Margaret Holland who was the mother of John Beaufort , 1st Duke of Somerset ; John Beaufort was the grandfather of Henry VII . Alianore Holland was the grandmother of Richard Plantagenet , 3rd Duke of York . Richard was the father of Edward IV and Richard III and a grandfather of Elizabeth of York , queen to Henry VII . By Thomas , 2nd Earl of Kent 's other daughter , Eleanor Holland , Countess of Salisbury , Elen ferch Llywelyn was an ancestress of Queen consorts Anne Neville , consort of Richard III and daughter of Warwick , the Kingmaker , as well as Catherine Parr , the last wife of Henry VIII .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ba4697bec91ece306438d091464a57a8", "text": "Margaret of Brabant Margaret of Brabant ( 4 October 1276 -- 14 December 1311 ) , was the daughter of John I , Duke of Brabant and Margaret of Flanders . She was the wife of Count Henry of Luxemburg and after his coronation in 1308 , she became Holy Roman Queen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "90924e8ea16f0dbbdf9ffe65e0cb85d7", "text": "Philip I of Namur Philip I ( 1175 -- 9 October 1212 ) , called the Noble , was the margrave of Namur from 1195 until his death . He was the second son of Baldwin V , Count of Hainault , and Margaret I , Countess of Flanders . His paternal grandmother was Alice , Countess of Namur . Baldwin V had fought a war with his uncle , Henry IV of Luxembourg , to establish Namur as independent from Luxembourg in 1190 and in 1194 , the Holy Roman Emperor Henry VI declared Namur to be a margraviate . Baldwin 's will left Namur to Philip , but as a fief of Hainault . However , Theobald I of Bar , who had married Henry of Luxembourg 's heiress , Ermesinda , refused to relinquish Namur and attacked Philip . The war lasted for three years until the Treaty of Dinant , signed on 26 July 1199 , recognised Philip as holder of Namur . Philip was left as regent of Hainault while his elder brother , Baldwin VI , went on the Fourth Crusade and acted as guardian to the young heiresses Joanna and Margaret . During a war with France , Philip was subsequently imprisoned and only bought his freedom by marrying Marie , daughter of King Philip Augustus and Agnes of Merania , and sending his nieces as envoys to the royal court of France . This insulted the barons of Flanders and Hainault and they revolted and forced him to give up the regency . In Namur , Philip reigned as a peaceful and pious promoter of social development . He intervened as the mediator between many feuding lords . He died of dysentery on 9 October 1212 , in Valenciennes . He had designated his twin sister Yolande as heir .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e654b2a35ac4a81551c5e5871a750215", "text": "Margaret of Burgundy Margaret of Burgundy may refer to : ( 1100-63 ) , wife of Guigues IV of Albon Margaret of Burgundy , Queen of Sicily ( 1250 -- 1308 ) , daughter of Odo of Burgundy , wife of Charles I of Naples and Sicily Margaret of Burgundy , Queen of France ( 1290 -- 1315 ) , daughter of Robert II , Duke of Burgundy , wife of Louis X of France , mother of Joan II of Navarre Margaret I , Countess of Burgundy ( 1310 -- 1382 ) , niece of Margaret of Burgundy , Queen of France , daughter of Philip V of France and Joan II , Countess of Burgundy Margaret III , Countess of Flanders ( 1350 -- 1405 ) , granddaughter of Margaret I , Countess of Burgundy , wife of Philip the Bold , Duke of Burgundy Margaret of Bavaria ( 1363 -- 1423 ) , sister-in-law of Margaret of Burgundy , Duchess of Bavaria ; wife of John II , Duke of Burgundy Margaret of Burgundy , Duchess of Bavaria ( 1374 -- 1441 ) , daughter of Margaret III , Countess of Flanders , countess of Holland and Hainaut , wife of William VI , Count of Holland Margaret of Burgundy , Dauphine of France ( 1393 -- 1441 ) , daughter of Margaret of Bavaria , wife of Louis , Dauphin of France & Arthur de Richemont , future Duke of Brittany Margaret of York ( 1446 -- 1503 ) , Duchess of Burgundy as third wife of Charles the Bold Archduchess Margaret of Austria , Duchess of Savoy ( 1480 -- 1530 ) , daughter of Mary , Duchess of Burgundy , and Maximilian I , Holy Roman Emperor Marguerite of Burgundy , Countess of Savoy ( 1192 -- 1243 ) , wife of Amadeus IV , Count of Savoy", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4fad5e0c97b01c1cf089a75f8a75c9e5", "text": "Otto I, Duke of Swabia and Bavaria Otto I ( born 954 , died 31 October or 1 November 982 ) was the Duke of Swabia from 973 and Duke of Bavaria from 976 . He was a member of the Ottonian dynasty , the only son of Duke Liudolf of Swabia and his wife Ida , and thus a grandson of the Emperor Otto I and his Anglo-Saxon wife Eadgyth . His sister Mathilde was the abbess of Essen Abbey . Otto was only three years old when his father died in 957 . He was raised at the court of his grandfather , Otto I , who seems to have adopted him and raised him alongside his own son , the future Emperor Otto II , born late in 955 . The latter regarded him as both `` nephew and brother '' ( nepos ac frater ) . When the childless Duke Burchard III of Swabia died in 973 , Otto II transferred the Swabian duchy to his nineteen-year-old nephew and brother , whose father had been Burchard 's predecessor . The elder Otto became a close confidante of his younger sovereign . In 976 the imprisoned Duke Henry the Wrangler of Bavaria was formally dismissed from office for rebellion . In his place the emperor appointed Otto of Swabia , who became the first ruler of two duchies in medieval Germany . The Duchy of Carinthia and the March of the Nordgau were also taken from Henry , but were not bestowed on Otto , thus their history is separate from that of Bavaria from this point on . In 977 , while the emperor was campaigning elsewhere , Otto helped crush the revolt of the Three Henries -- the deposed duke of Bavaria , Bishop Henry I of Augsburg and Duke Henry I of Carinthia -- by successfully besieging the leaders in Passau . The army of Bavarians that was ambushed by Boleslaus I of Bohemia near Plzeň while on its way to join the emperor at this time may have been sent by Duke Otto . In 980 Otto accompanied the emperor on his south Italian campaign , fighting both the Byzantines and the Sicilian Arabs . He survived the defeat near Crotone on 13/14 July 982 and a subsequent ambush by an Arab force . Assigned to take the news of the campaign back to Germany , he died en route , of wounds received in battle , either 31 October or 1 November , at Lucca . His father had also died south of the Alps . His family brought his body back and had it buried in the collegiate church of Saints Peter and Alexander at Aschaffenburg , which Otto had generously endowed . His death is noted in the contemporary Abingdon version of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle : `` And then , as he went home , his -LSB- the emperor 's -RSB- brother 's son , who was called Otto , passed away ; and he was the son of the aetheling Liudolf , and this Liudolf was son of Otto the Elder and King Edward 's daughter '' . Otto 's sister Mathilde endowed a precious crux gemmata ( jewelled cross ) , the Cross of Otto and Mathilde , which is kept in the Essen Cathedral Treasury ; the siblings are pictured on it . Otto never married and left no children .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "87d5126edfd224467b5807556d966f6d", "text": "Henry V of England Henry V ( 9 August 1386 -- 31 August 1422 ) was King of England from 1413 until his death at the age of 36 in 1422 . He was the second English monarch who came from the House of Lancaster . After military experience fighting the Welsh during the revolt of Owain Glyndŵr , and against the powerful aristocratic Percys of Northumberland at the Battle of Shrewsbury , Henry came into political conflict with his father , whose health was increasingly precarious from 1405 onward . After his father 's death in 1413 , Henry assumed control of the country and embarked on war with France in the ongoing Hundred Years ' War ( 1337 -- 1453 ) between the two nations . His military successes culminated in his famous victory at the Battle of Agincourt ( 1415 ) and saw him come close to conquering France . After months of negotiation with Charles VI of France , the Treaty of Troyes ( 1420 ) recognised Henry V as regent and heir apparent to the French throne , and he was subsequently married to Charles 's daughter , Catherine of Valois ( 1401 -- 37 ) . Following Henry V 's sudden and unexpected death in France two years later , he was succeeded by his infant son , who reigned as Henry VI ( 1422 -- 61 , 1470 -- 71 ) .", "title": "" } ]	fever

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