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Jim Rash is a man.
[ { "docid": "166d4a9498a62b03f490bc172085165d", "text": "Jim Rash James `` Jim '' Rash ( born July 15 , 1971 ) is an American actor , comedian , producer , screenwriter , and director . He is known for playing Dean Craig Pelton on the NBC/Yahoo ! sitcom Community . In 2012 , he received a Golden Globe nomination and won an Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay for the film The Descendants .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "eeef80bd0f3a78474337f5510c8a5e3d", "text": "Erythema chronicum migrans Erythema chronicum migrans ( New Latin , literally , `` chronic migrating redness '' ) refers to the rash often ( though not always ) seen in the early stage of Lyme disease . It can appear anywhere from one day to one month after a tick bite . This rash does not represent an allergic reaction to the bite , but rather an actual skin infection with the Lyme bacteria , Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato . `` Erythema migrans is the only manifestation of Lyme disease in the United States that is sufficiently distinctive to allow clinical diagnosis in the absence of laboratory confirmation . '' It is a pathognomonic sign : a physician-identified rash warrants an instant diagnosis of Lyme disease and immediate treatment without further testing , even by the strict criteria of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . Such target lesions ( bull 's - eye rashes ) are characteristic of Borrelia infections , and no other pathogens are known that cause this form of rash . A similar condition called Southern Tick Associated Rash Illness ( STARI ) produces a similar rash pattern although it develops more quickly and is smaller . The associated infectious agent has not been determined . Antibiotic treatment resolves the illness quickly . This erythema is also sometimes called erythema migrans or EM . However , a less common meaning of the term `` erythema migrans '' is a mucosal condition of the tongue , also called geographic tongue .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "db8674ad5654c12bbcfacd9d3d66e9d0", "text": "Adaptive expertise Adaptive expertise is a broad construct that encompasses a range of cognitive , motivational , and personality-related components , as well as habits of mind and dispositions . Generally , problem-solvers demonstrate adaptive expertise when they are able to efficiently solve previously encountered tasks and generate new procedures for new tasks . This definition can be contrasted with more traditional ideas of expertise popularized by Chi and others , which do not typically consider adaptation to completely novel situations . Its empirical validity has been examined in a number of training and learning contexts . The term was first coined by Giyoo Hatano and Kayoko Inagaki , to tease out the variability within groups of experts . Hatano and Inagaki , described two types of expertise : routine expertise , or classic expertise , and adaptive expertise . They defined routine expertise as involving mastering procedures in such a way as to become highly efficient and accurate , whereas developing adaptive expertise requires an individual to develop conceptual understanding that allows the `` expert '' to invent new solutions to problems and even new procedures for solving problems . To illustrate , imagine two sushi chefs : one who makes every piece perfectly but routinely makes the same few types over and over ( routine , or classic , expertise ) , and one produces new menus frequently ( adaptive expertise ) . To some , this is an unfair comparison , as ones ' environment supports behavior . For example , the routine of the classic expert sushi chef may be tied to his restaurant environment , and this chef may be able to break out of the routines easily given a different situation . However , the adaptive expert chef clearly demonstrates flexible knowledge and performance of sushi-making . Learning Scientists are interested in adaptive expertise , in part because they would like to understand the types of learning trajectories that may allow practitioners break free from routines when necessary . There is not , however , a true dichotomy between adaptive and classic expertise . Expertise can be thought of as a continuum of adaptive ability . On one end , practitioners can be classified as `` routinely skilled '' versus `` innovatively competent '' ; as `` artisans '' versus `` virtuosos '' ; or as those approaching a task in a routine versus more flexible way . The notion of adaptive expertise suggests that new problems can be viewed as a platform for exploration in a new problem space and not just an opportunity to practice completing a task more efficiently . For example , adaptability enabled the Apollo 13 crew to successfully build an air filter from ill-fitting parts whilst in space , while the TV chef , Jamie Oliver , is able to flamboyantly and creatively produce good food using only simple ingredients . A distinguishing feature of adaptive expertise is the ability to apply knowledge effectively to novel problems or atypical cases in a domain . Holyoak characterized adaptive experts as being capable of drawing on their knowledge to invent new procedures for solving unique or fresh problems , rather than simply applying already mastered procedures . Adaptability allows experts to recognize when highly practiced rules and principles do not apply in certain situations in which other solvers might typically attempt to use a previously learned procedure . Moreover , studies have shown that this flexibility can result in better performance than that of classically defined experts , resulting in , amongst other things , better technical trouble shooting ; workplace error avoidance ; and more accurate medical diagnosis . John D. Bransford considers this flexible , innovative application of knowledge , in large part , underlies adaptive experts ' greater tendency to enrich and refine their understanding on the basis of continuing experience to learn from problem-solving episodes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "47dbf0496f3b303ef46641ff2fac0442", "text": "Jim Gerald James Gerald ( 1 January 1891 -- 1971 ) was an Australia comedian , circus clown , acrobat , writer , director and troupe leader and filmmaker . He is generally regarded as one of the four leading post-World War I comedians to work the Australasian variety circuits , the others being Nat Phillips , Roy Rene , and George Wallace . Born at Darlington , Sydney , Gerald was the seventh son of Stephen Australia Fitzgerald , a tailor turned actor , and his wife Mary Ann , née Ingram . In his youth Jim played truant from school to watch acrobats practising on the sandhills behind Centennial Park , learned to tumble and haunted his uncles ' circus . Three of his brothers also went on the stage using the names ` Max Clifton ' , ` Lance Vane ' and ` Cliff Stevens ' . In 1898 his father apprenticed him to Oscar Pagel 's Circus . He subsequently travelled the world , including South Africa , Africa , the Far East and North America for around ten years . Back in Australia by 1908 , Gerald found employment with several circuses ; and as ` Diabolo ' was billed as the first man to loop the loop on a motorcycle . In 1910 he and two of his brothers , Lance Vane and Max Clifton , appeared in The Life and Adventures of John Vane , the Notorious Australian Bushranger . That film , also directed by his father , is now viewed as a significant landmark in Australian cinema history , being the first recorded involvement in narrative film production by Charles Cozens Spencer ( a leading figure in the early Australian film industry ) . Gerald 's `` move into variety entertainment began in 1912 when he toured with his father 's All Stars drama and vaudeville company as both comedian and acrobat . Although he soon afterwards signed with the Fullers ' Theatres vaudeville circuit Gerald was immediately leased to Stanley McKay for his touring pantomime company , and over the next five to six years appeared throughout Australia and New Zealand as a specialist pantomime dame Within a year of joining McKay 's company Gerald married Esther Patience Futcher , a 27-year-old actress known as ` Essie Jennings ' . The ceremony took place on 21 July 1913 at St Peter 's Anglican Church , Wellington , New Zealand , \\ . The two latter formed a highly popular knockabout comedy sketch act , appearing in sketches such as the `` The Actress and the Paperhanger '' and `` The new Recruit . '' Fitzgerald enlisted in the Australian Imperial Force on 5 May 1916 and served in Mesopotamia as a driver with the 1st Australian and New Zealand Wireless Signal Squadron . Discharged on 12 October 1918 , he returned to the Fullers ' circuit and was soon asked by ( Sir ) Benjamin Fuller to write and produce his own revue sketches . He had seen the funny side of soldiering in Mesopotamia and his act , ` The New Recruit ' , remained popular for years . Unlike his contemporaries Roy Rene and George Wallace , Gerald was ` unashamedly international ' in his work . Almost every Christmas he played the dame in pantomimes . He made some thirty silent films in the United States of America in 1928 , and was influenced by Charlie Chaplin whom he greatly admired . When the Fullers folded in 1933 , Gerald continued to play six-month seasons in Sydney and Melbourne under various managements . In 1935-36 he appeared in several revues at the Garrick Theatre , London , including Do n't Spare the Horses . Returning to Sydney , in May 1936 he featured in Shout for Joy . One critic wrote that he ` can not particularly sing nor does he know much about dancing , but he is undoubtedly a master of patter , of quick , well-timed delivery and retort ' . Gerald signed a contract with the Australian Broadcasting Commission in February 1939 ; he starred in ` Jim and Jitters ' with Jim Davidson 's A.B.C. Dance Band and conducted the Saturday ` After-Dinner Show ' . Next year he formed his own radio-production company . On 10 April 1941 Gerald was appointed honorary lieutenant colonel in the A.I.F. Placed in charge of the Entertainment Unit , he embarked for the Middle East on 1 September in the Queen Elizabeth . A shrewd organizer and an experienced producer , he gathered Davidson and his band , comedians , singers , jugglers , acrobats and trick cyclists , as well as backstage technicians , ` among them costume designers , seamstresses and electricians ' . At his headquarters at Tel Aviv , Palestine , he recruited a female chorus line . The first performance at Gaza of All in Fun was ` received with rapturous applause ' . Home again in October 1942 , Gerald transferred to the retired list on 31 December . He joined the Tivoli circuit and appeared in the revue , Stripped for Action ( 1943 ) . In 1951 he played the happy roué in Ladies ' Night in a Turkish Bath . He shared top billing with Wallace in Thanks for the Memory , at the Princess Theatre , Melbourne , in 1953 and toured for three years in that revue . He was ` as uproariously funny as ever though not as spry ' in The Good Old Days ( Sydney , 1957 ) . Next year he retired to St Kilda , Melbourne . Gerald enjoyed watching any kind of sport , but his passion was for motoring : he owned a succession of cars which he drove across America , through Europe , the Middle East and Britain , and all over Australia . After Essie 's death in 1969 , he moved into a home at Rosebud . He died there on 2 March 1971 and was cremated . ` Jim Gerald was probably best remembered for his versatility -- as a big-eared oaf in baggy pants and shapeless hat , as a seemingly rubber-boned and pathetically droll clown and as Australia 's greatest pantomime dame . '", "title": "" }, { "docid": "29eaff47c8c3619f50e5f15591e73562", "text": "Jim Koplik Jim Koplik is an American concert promoter who has produced shows by The Rolling Stones , Paul McCartney , Bruce Springsteen , REO Speedwagon , Madonna , Billy Joel and Elton John , among others . A resident of Stamford , Connecticut , Koplik works through Jim Koplik Presents , his Wallingford , Connecticut-based company . He owns the Comcast Theater in Hartford , Connecticut . Born in New Rochelle , New York , Koplik launched his career in the late 1960s when he was a student at Ohio State University and promoted a show for the band Steppenwolf . Before that he had worked at Ohio State on the 1968 presidential campaign of Robert F. Kennedy . In 1981 Koplik moved from Westchester County , New York to Stamford . Jim Koplik Presents produces 150 concerts a year , many for the Toyota Presents Oakdale Theatre in Wallingford , the Comcast Theater and for the Mohegan Sun Casino in Uncasville . Koplik is a board member of Connecticut Special Olympics , the National Kidney Foundation of Connecticut , the Multiple Sclerosis Society of Connecticut and the Jewish Community Center of Stamford . He is a former member of the boards of the Connecticut Children 's Medical Center , Riverfront Recapture and the Connecticut Commission on the Arts . Jim Koplik ( along with Shelly Finkel ) were co-promoters of the `` Summer Jam at Watkins Glen '' ( rock concert in Watkins Glen ) in New York in July 1973 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e9699aedec429172108b43d21eb14e5", "text": "Jim Gibbons (American politician) James Arthur `` Jim '' Gibbons ( born December 16 , 1944 ) is an American attorney , aviator , geologist , hydrologist and politician . He served as the 28th Governor of the U.S. state of Nevada from 2007 to 2011 . He is a former member of the United States House of Representatives , having served from 1997 to 2006 . He is a member of the Republican Party .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1c9b4f028cfb9a038763852cfa4cad9f", "text": "Jim Brogan (basketball) James Riley `` Jim '' Brogan ( born February 24 , 1958 ) is a retired American basketball player . Born in Merion Station , Pennsylvania , he played collegiately for the West Virginia Wesleyan College . He played for the San Diego Clippers ( 1981 -- 83 ) in the NBA for 121 games . He is currently coaching basketball players , primarily working on their shooting form . He has also trained with professional sports figures to improve their balance and coordination .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d8fd7d6541339cafe476108dc142fe8a", "text": "Count Jim Moriarty Count Jim Moriarty ( also called Count Jim Moriarty of the House of Roland ) is a character from the 1950s BBC Radio comedy The Goon Show . He was voiced by Spike Milligan . In the episode `` The Macreekie Rising of ' 74 '' , Harry Secombe filled-in for the role in Milligan 's absence . Moriarty is an impoverished member of the French aristocracy who has turned to crime to support his lifestyle . Despite having carried out many high-paying cons and robberies during the series , he and his criminal counterpart Hercules Grytpype-Thynne always appear to be permanently destitute . With his thick faux-French accent , he is often found scavenging in dustbins looking for food and uttering nonsensical , half-French curses such as `` Sapristi nabolas ! '' , `` Sapristi nyuckoes ! '' , or `` Sapristi bombpetts ! '' ( incorporating an old-fashioned French expletive that meant originally `` by the body of Christ '' ) and `` Sacre Fred ! '' ( a Milligan coinage from Sacrebleu ) in the episode `` Lurgi Strikes Britain '' . Moriarty travels closely with Grytpype-Thynne , often in the same suit or ( in `` The Jet Propelled Guided NAAFI '' ) by hiding in the lining of Grytpype 's underpants . In `` The Call of the West '' , Grytpype announces that Moriarty is traveling west by fish crate because of the devaluation of the franc . Over the years , Moriarty changed from a suave , debonair and efficient French criminal mastermind and confidence trickster into a cringing sidekick of Grytpype-Thynne , who is often disparaging of his manic behaviour , referring to him as `` you steaming French nit '' , `` my fast disintegrating friend '' , or `` you crutty French schlapper '' . Grytpype often introduces him ( `` and I quote from his death certificate '' ) with a middle name such as `` Thighs '' , `` Knees '' , `` Kidney Wiper '' , etc. , along with an appropriate sound effect ( e.g. rattling bones , swannee whistle ) or Moriarty 's catch-phrase `` Oooowwwwww '' , and descriptions of his prowess in various fields ( `` who has played the male lead in over 50 postcards '' , `` Minister Without Underpants to the Principality of Monte Carlo '' , or `` champion barbed-wire hurdler until his tragic accident '' ) . On one occasion , he is introduced as `` Count ` Serge ' Moriarty '' ; when Seagoon enquires `` Serge ? '' , Grytpype replies , `` Only because he ca n't afford flannels '' . In `` The Missing Battleship '' , Grytpype introduces him enthusiastically as `` Count Jim ` Bilge ! ' Moriarty '' ; however , due to undisclosed problems this was unaccompanied by any sound effect , and was punctuated anti-climatically by an embarrassed `` Oww '' from Moriarty seconds afterward . Although his surname is pronounced ( -LSB- ˌmɔriˈɑrti -RSB- ) , Grytpype-Thynne would pronounce it -LSB- məˈraɪ.əti -RSB- if he was in a bad way or if he thought Milligan was overacting his part . There is also some suggestion that the character is a parody of the Sherlock Holmes villain , Professor Moriarty . In The Hound of the Baskervilles According to Spike Milligan , a preface by Milligan explains that Sherlock `` did not stay dead for long '' , and after chasing him up a mountain did in fact kill Professor Moriarty , but he `` later became a character in The Goon Show '' . Moriarty , Count Jim", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee11e69a77917a6ba1a4aeb61140ce67", "text": "Jim Palmer (basketball) James G. `` Jim '' Palmer ( June 8 , 1933 -- September 16 , 2013 ) was an American professional basketball player . Palmer was selected in the 1957 NBA Draft ( second round , 12th overall ) by the St. Louis Hawks . He played collegiately at the University of Dayton from 1954 to 1957 before embarking on his professional basketball career . His first stop was in the National Industrial Basketball League playing for the Peoria Cats . After one season , Palmer moved on to the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) in which he played the next three seasons , splitting his career between the Cincinnati Royals and New York Knicks . In his final year of professional ball , Palmer played in the American Basketball League . Palmer died on September 16 , 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b60c00c56caf9bab2e320cb3fb444a21", "text": "Jim \"Dandy\" Mangrum James Mangrum , better known as Jim `` Dandy '' Mangrum ( born March 30 , 1948 ) , is the lead singer and frontman for the American Southern rock band Black Oak Arkansas . He is noted for his raspy voice , long hair , and wild , sexually-explicit stage antics which sometimes included miming sex with a warshboard which he often uses to accompany his singing . His stage persona is credited as having been a major influence on Van Halen vocalist David Lee Roth .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "97c2aa758f66c9805d48cc5a82818c74", "text": "Jim Romagna James `` Jim '' Romagna ( born 1970 ) is an American bodybuilder , and also a fitness model . From 1989 to 1992 he studied English at Loras College . He also played football and ran track at Loras . After college , he was actively devoted to the game of rugby and martial arts , but soon began a bodybuilding career . After his debut in 1994 , attended the above twenty-four competitions , including Musclemania and the Team Universe . In 2000 , at the NPC Los Angeles Championships he was placed at third position as a drug-free competitor in a non-tested competition . On June 19 , 2004 , during the NPC Junior National Championships , he took fourteenth place . In 2006 he appeared on the cover of the March issue of Muscle & Fitness magazine . Session repeated in June next year . He currently lives in Dubuque , Iowa , where he is an instructor of Health Wellness and Recreation at the University of Dubuque . He 's also a personal trainer , and writes columns for various sports magazines such as Muscle & Fitness . Natural Fit Inc. owner . In the summer of 2010 , Jim was interviewed by freelance writer Rod Labbe for Men 's Workout magazine . The interview , entitled `` The Hunk Next Door , '' saw print in their November 2010 issue .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9b01fa11e9284fd4127308ea84592a3b", "text": "Jim Selman James C. `` Jim '' Selman ( born February 7 , 1942 ) is an American consultant , coach , and author . Born in Oklahoma City , Selman received his B.A. from the University of Oklahoma in 1965 , where he majored in social psychology and philosophy . Selman is described as being `` in the forefront in helping major companies embrace the concept '' of `` contextual management '' . He formed Selman & Associates in 1976 , and `` began research into the nature of culture and large-scale systems change '' . In 1984 , he partnered with Werner Erhard to form Transformational Technologies , a consulting and training franchise operation , which served as the corporate division of Werner Erhard & Associates , with Selman as its first president . In his capacity there , he was noted to have said of his philosophy of management , `` when we talk management technology , what we are talking about is a rigorously tested and challenged body of distinction for having access to whatever the phenomenon of management really is '' . In October 1987 , Selman moderated a televised broadcast that featured Werner Erhard in discussion with top sports coaches John Wooden , Red Auerbach , Timothy Gallwey and George Allen discussing principles of coaching across all disciplines . They sought to identify distinctions found in coaching , regardless of the subject being coached . In 1989 , with the late Professor Roger Evered ( U.S. Naval Graduate School at Monterrey ) , Selman documented the outcome in the first article on organizational coaching , titled `` Coaching and the Art of Management '' . In another article , `` Leadership and Innovation : Relating to Circumstances and Change '' , Selman identifies six ways of responding to change . Selman was described as `` an enormously powerful man with a deep voice and a way of speaking that held people 's attention and inspired confidence '' . Selman & Associates became Paracomm Partners International in 1988 , which is active to present date . Jim Selman is the host and co-producer with Phyllis Haynes of the podcast and web program Possible Futures , conversations and commentary to explore ideas and decision making and their relationship to possible futures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "286c79111885a051de46c01333d90496", "text": "Jim King (saxophonist) Jim King ( born Alec Woodburn ; 5 May 1942 in Kettering , Northamptonshire , England -- 6 February 2012 in Middlewich , England ) was an original member of the British rock band Family . He played saxophone and harmonica , and sang occasional lead vocals on the band 's first two albums , Music in a Doll 's House and Family Entertainment . King also sang the entire lead vocal on `` Observations From a Hill '' , a song on the latter album . Jim , as he became known , formed James King and the Farinas ( later just The Farinas ) , a blues based rock and roll group , with guitarist Charlie Whitney in Leicester in 1962 . He sang the lead vocal on the group 's single `` You Better Stop '' b/w `` I Like it Like That '' . When Roger Chapman joined as vocalist in 1966 , the group had begun to perform under the name The Roaring Sixties . The name Family was decided upon later . Jim left Family in October 1969 due to health issues and the usual ` musical disagreements ' . As well as session work for Dave Mason and Gordon Jackson , he joined jazz-rock band Ring Of Truth for a brief period , doing a few gigs , then concentrated on composing and playing solo concerts , mostly classical sax with some jazz . In February 2012 , he died while living in Cheshire .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b40fe007ca5296ccb0d12fa2138549b0", "text": "Jim Dent (author) Harry James `` Jim '' Dent ( born 1953 ) is an American author and sportswriter . He wrote The Junction Boys , a New York Times best-selling book about Bear Bryant 's Junction Boys , Twelve Mighty Orphans : The Inspiring True Story of the Mighty Mites Who Ruled Texas Football , and The Kids Got It Right : How the Texas All-Stars Kicked Down Racial Walls . The Junction Boys was adopted as an ESPN movie with the same name in 2002 . He covered the NFL 's Dallas Cowboys as a sportswriter for 11 years . In 2003 , Dent was sentenced to eight years in prison under a plea agreement with Brazos County prosecutors for violating his drunk driving probation . In 2015 , Dent was sentenced to ten years in prison after jumping bail following his tenth conviction for drunk driving .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7b39f9f93baa792453e6787931c5bcb6", "text": "James Erb James `` Jim '' Brian Erb ( January 25 , 1926 -- November 11 , 2014 ) was an American composer , arranger , musicologist , and conductor . The founding conductor of the Richmond Symphony Chorus , Erb led that chorus from 1971 to 2007 while also directing chorus activities at the University of Richmond , where he was for a while chair of the music department . Erb is most broadly known for his arrangement of the folk song `` Shenandoah '' , and among musicologists of the Renaissance for his work on the magnificats of Orlando di Lasso published by Bärenreiter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "666abc5bbad19e5f5e5eeb18185ea010", "text": "Za Gaman was a Japanese television show from the 1980s . It is not particularly well known or remembered in Japan , but it became famous in other countries , particularly Britain , due to its appearance on the British television program Clive James on Television , and subsequently Tarrant on TV under the name Endurance . The program was a version of an activity at Japanese universities , the gaman taikai or `` endurance contest '' , where students try to outdo each other in withstanding unpleasant experiences . The TV programme featured teams from `` name '' universities such as Keio University who were subjected to various unpleasant ordeals such as being buried up to the neck in sand or licked by reptiles . The winner was the person who endured the longest . Short segments of the program were used in the British television shows , which humorously examined television programs from around the world . Following Clive James on Television , clips from the now-defunct show were also used in the nineties in Tarrant on TV . A very short-lived British version of the show was also created , hosted by Paul Ross , but it did not feature the extreme conditions of the original program . Only two series of the British version were produced for Challenge TV which first aired from 1997 to 1998 , and it was not a success . The use of the clips on the Clive James show created some controversy , with some Japanese feeling that the show was unrepresentative , and some British former prisoners-of-war of the Japanese also complained about the contents . Clive James went on to write a novel Brrm ! Brrm ! , with a Japanese lead character , Akira Suzuki , who was made fun of by his British friends using the word `` endurance '' . This program made the Guinness Book of World Records for `` Most Extreme Game Show '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a4bf7a0720175cb951851368550c3ac8", "text": "Jim Mendiola Jim Mendiola ( born in San Antonio , Texas , U.S. ) is a Los Angeles based writer/director . His award-winning film Pretty Vacant ( 33 min. , 16mm , 1996 ) , about a Sex Pistols obsessed Chicana punk rocker , has screened in numerous film festivals , museums , and colleges in the U.S. and Mexico , including South By Southwest ( Best Narrative Short ) , the Havana International Film Festival , and the Guggenheim Museum . During Mendiola 's Artpace residency in 2001 , he collaborated with artist Ruben Ortiz Torres to create `` Ozzy Goes to the Alamo , '' which the duo claims to be `` the world 's first Chicano 3-D movie . '' Mendiola wrote and directed the one-hour movie Come and Take It Day ( PBS national broadcast , 2002 ) starring Jacob Vargas and Jesse Borrego . Mendiola 's first feature film , a rock and roll digital movie called Speeder Kills ( 2003 ) starring Amalia Ortiz and Xelina Flores , has screened at various film festivals across the country and was nationally broadcast on SíTV in the Spring of 2005 . His script , `` All the Young Dudes , '' was chosen for participation in the 2004 IFP Screenwriter 's Lab and is currently in development . In addition , Mendiola is writing a screen adaptation of the Sandra Cisneros short story , `` Bien Pretty . '' A 1997 Rockefeller Intercultural Media Fellow , Mendiola is a regular contributor on television , soap operas and all things Latino and pop for the San Francisco Bay Guardian and other publications . His favorite band is Bon Scott-era AC/DC and his favorite album The Clash 's `` London Calling . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "32d647f071ca919de7521d1b9a6caf7d", "text": "Jim E. Mora James Ernest Mora ( born May 24 , 1935 ) is a former American football coach who was the head coach of the New Orleans Saints and Indianapolis Colts of the National Football League ( NFL ) . His tenure with the Saints spanned eleven seasons and he coached the Colts for four seasons . Mora also coached the Philadelphia/Baltimore Stars of the United States Football League ( USFL ) during its three years of existence and led the team to all three championship games , winning two . As an NFL head coach , he was known for turning the Saints and the Colts , two of its consistently losing franchises , into perennial postseason contenders . However , his reputation was affected by his lack of success in the NFL playoffs and impassioned postgame tirades and press conferences , including his oft-quoted `` Coulda , Woulda , Shoulda , '' `` You Will Never Know , '' `` Diddly Poo , '' and `` Playoffs ? '' rants . In contrast to his league titles in the USFL , Mora never won a postseason NFL game . He holds the NFL record for career regular-season wins ( 125 ) without a playoff victory . His son Jim L. Mora is a former NFL head coach and the current head coach at UCLA .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9c97f78fcbeceb9b50b84c6aa6ede007", "text": "Jim Ramsey James McNair `` Jim '' Ramsey ( born 20 June 1961 ) is an Anglo-American singer-songwriter and recording artist who emerged as part of the Chattanooga , Tennessee music scene in the 1990s . He is known for his romantic , spiritually conscious folk-rock which blends British progressive rock and American pop influences and for his critically acclaimed album , On the Dying Breath of Wisdom .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "979996be2f024a91371a2151f585949f", "text": "The Colgate Sports Newsreel The Colgate Sports Newsreel was a radio program focusing on sports . It has been called `` one of the most successful and most listened-to shows in radio history '' and `` one of radio broadcasting 's most entertaining and engaging programs . '' However , much of the information reported as fact was actually fiction . The program was first broadcast in October 1939 , on NBC Blue . Although Colgate dropped its sponsorship in June 1951 , the show continued on NBC as Bill Stern 's Sports Newsreel through September 1953 . It then switched to ABC , where it ran until June 1956 . During World War II , the Newsreel was among the programs that NBC rebroadcast by transcription to members of the United States armed forces stationed abroad . Bill Stern , the star , made the program memorable with his enthusiastic , dramatized delivery . He was already both the narrator of MGM 's News of the Day newsreels , and a sports announcer . Thus , the format of this program came naturally . For most of its run , the show was sponsored by Colgate brushless shave cream . The opening theme `` was sung in barbershop quartet style to the tune of Mademoiselle from Armentieres '' and mentioned the sponsoring product prominently . Although the singing group was not named in the program , a news brief announcing the show 's launch in 1939 identified it as the Armchair Quartette . The theme 's lyrics varied a bit over the years , but the basic form was as follows : Bill Stern the Colgate shave-cream man is on the air . Bill Stern the Colgate shave-cream man with stories rare . Take his advice and you 'll look keen . You 'll get a shave that 's smooth and clean . You 'll be a Colgate brushless fan . From September 14 , 1953 , through December 10 , 1954 , Budweiser sponsored the program . Its final sponsor was Allstate , from December 13 , 1954 through June 22 , 1956 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9f289277e406385014b8126dd348bc75", "text": "Miliaria Miliaria ( -LSB- ˌmɪl.iˈɛər.i.ə -RSB- also called `` sweat rash '' , `` heat rash '' or `` prickly heat '' ) is a skin disease marked by small and itchy rashes . Miliaria is a common ailment in hot and humid conditions , such as in the tropics and during the summer season . Although it affects people of all ages , it is especially common in children and infants due to their underdeveloped sweat glands .", "title": "" } ]
fever
6b3badbc406b59da30fd2a36efc3df2f
Saw VI was distributed by Lions Gate Entertainment.
[ { "docid": "8333aaf91497be0dd75c07d95eab914c", "text": "Saw VI Saw is a 2009 American horror film directed by Kevin Greutert from a screenplay written by Patrick Melton and Marcus Dunstan . It is the sixth installment in the seven -- part Saw franchise and stars Tobin Bell , Costas Mandylor , Betsy Russell , Mark Rolston , Peter Outerbridge , and Shawnee Smith . It was produced by Mark Burg and Oren Koules of Twisted Pictures and distributed by Lionsgate . Saw continues the franchise 's focus on the posthumous effects of the Jigsaw Killer and the progression of his successor , Mark Hoffman . In this film , Hoffman sets a series of traps for an insurance executive , William Easton , and his employees . Meanwhile , the FBI trails Peter Strahm , now suspected of being Jigsaw 's last accomplice , and Hoffman is drawn into motion to protect his secret identity . Greutert , who served as editor for all the previous Saw films , made his directorial debut with Saw . Melton and Dunstan , the writers for both Saw and Saw , returned to write the screenplay and Charlie Clouser , who provided the score for all previous Saw films , composed the score . Filming took place in Toronto from March to May 2009 with a budget of $ 11 million . The film was released in New Zealand and Australia on October 22 , 2009 , and October 23 , 2009 in the United States and Canada . In Spain it was the first film to receive a Película X rating for violence ( a rating usually reserved for pornographic films ) ; the rating restricted screenings to eight select theaters in that country . It was released almost a year later on October 8 , 2010 in Spain with an `` 18 '' rating , after the producers had the offensive content edited out , according to the rating board . With gross receipts of $ 14 million in its opening weekend , Saw placed second to Paranormal Activity $ 21 million . Saw went on to gross over $ 68 million worldwide , the lowest-grossing Saw film to date , but still a financial success compared to its small budget . Reviews were mixed , with some criticizing the acting and others praising Greutert 's directing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9c9da4b79d5463fdd4b1afa518910b34", "text": "Lionsgate Lions Gate Entertainment Corporation , doing business as Lionsgate , is an American , Canadian-domiciled entertainment & media company . The company was formed on July 10 , 1997 , in Vancouver , British Columbia , and is currently headquartered in Santa Monica , California . In addition to its well-known Lionsgate Films division , which generated the seventh-highest gross revenue in North America in 2015 , the company contains other divisions such as Lionsgate Television and Lionsgate Interactive . It owns a variety of subsidiaries such as the American film production company Summit Entertainment , and Debmar-Mercury , a television syndication company acquired by Lionsgate in 2006 .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "6e24faf8a9c7e70dd05cb3927a7fccb3", "text": "Morgan Creek Productions Morgan Creek Productions is an American film studio that has released box-office hits including Young Guns , Dead Ringers , Major League , True Romance , Ace Ventura : Pet Detective , The Crush , Robin Hood : Prince of Thieves and The Last of the Mochicans . The studio was co-founded in 1988 by James Robinson and Joe Roth . Robinson leads the company as chairman and CEO . He has two sons Brian Robinson and David C. Robinson who run the day to day operations . In October 2014 , Morgan Creek sold the international distribution rights and copyrights to their films to Revolution Studios . In September 2015 , Morgan Creek began negotiating the sale of rights for the remaining territories , though they will retain remake and TV rights to the Ace Ventura , Major League , Young Guns , and Exorcist franchises . Miramax is currently the digital and television distributor for the pre-2012 Morgan Creek library , via Revolution Studios . The domestic rights to the Morgan Creek library ( with the exception of Young Guns , which still stand with Lionsgate/Vestron Video ) , have since been purchased by Westchester Films/Shout ! Factory .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1333396c5c79152a8a6bf303e0e30095", "text": "The Texas Chainsaw Massacre (2003 film) The Texas Chainsaw Massacre is a 2003 American slasher film , and a remake of The Texas Chain Saw Massacre . The fifth entry in the Texas Chainsaw Massacre franchise , the film was directed by Marcus Nispel , written by Scott Kosar , and produced by Michael Bay . It was also co-produced by Kim Henkel and Tobe Hooper , co-creators of the original 1974 film . TCM is the first of many horror remakes to come from Michael Bay 's Platinum Dunes production company which also released the remakes The Amityville Horror , The Hitcher , Friday the 13th , and A Nightmare on Elm Street . Though met with negative reception from critics , the film was well received by fans , and grossed $ 107 million worldwide above its $ 9.5 million budget , making it a strong financial success . A prequel was released in 2006 , titled The Texas Chainsaw Massacre : The Beginning .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2373cb93776491660715875288961fa1", "text": "Saw (video game) Saw , also known as Saw : The Video Game , is a survival horror video game that was developed by Zombie Studios and published by Konami . The game launched on the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 consoles , with a downloadable version released soon after for the Microsoft Windows platform . The game was first released on October 6 , 2009 , in North America and was released later that year in other regions . The Microsoft Windows version was released on October 22 , 2009 . Being a tie-in game of the Saw film series , the game is set between the first and second films . In Saw , The Jigsaw Killer has healed Detective David Tapp from his gunshot wound , and places him in an abandoned insane asylum to teach him a lesson in life appreciation . Obsessed , Tapp traverses the asylum and gathers clues along the way in hopes of finally apprehending Jigsaw . As he progresses through the asylum , he encounters several people with past and current connections to him , whom he must save . The asylum also has inhabitants who are in games of their own , ordered to kill Tapp . Along the way , Tapp uncovers the origins of Jigsaw and the motives behind his tests . The development team brought in the Saw creators James Wan and Leigh Whannell to help with the storyline and create new trap designs exclusive to the game . Upon release , Saw received mixed reviews . It was praised for the storyline and multiple endings , as well as the immersive environment that is true to the Saw film series . The controls and combat system , however , were panned by critics . Since Konami purchased the publishing rights after former publisher Brash Entertainment went bankrupt , Konami had a significant input on the games ' final outcome . They stated that they had plans to make Saw their next big franchise as well as a spiritual successor to their other survival horror series , Silent Hill . A sequel , Saw II : Flesh & Blood , was released on multiple platforms on October 19 , 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3d869eb56c68b69e6ebea0ba8ae49ffe", "text": "Enoki Films is a producer of anime based in the Enoki Building in Shinjuku , Tokyo . Enoki Films also had a North American division , established in 1986 , headquartered in the Encino area of Los Angeles , California , United States called Enoki Films USA , Inc. . Enoki Films USA acted as a middle-man between Japanese companies and American licensees such as 4Kids Entertainment and Saban . In May 2007 it was announced that their content would also be provided as video on demand by Internet startup ReelTime.com ( worldwide except Japan ) . As of 2002 Enoki licenses anime but sub-licenses its licenses to various distributors instead of distributing them directly . Anime News Network wrote that `` They generally only license TV shows that they hope to also license to TV broadcasters such as Cartoon Network , ABC Family and Fox Kids . '' Some of the anime productions that were listed on Enoki 's website are under alternate names and may list characters under different names as well . In many cases , when sub-licensed to anime home video companies , the original titles and character names have been restored . Enoki 's translations of episode titles and scenarios may also be different than what may be on the official release . If Enoki 's series ' had a separate movie or direct-to-video production , it is usually not licensed by Enoki , and the film or direct-to-video production may be licensed to a separate company than the series ( as is the case with the Slayers movies and OVAs and the Utena movie ) . As of 2016 , Enoki Films ' North American division is now defunct , since it bought its operations to an end in 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9cc18998bc821c8fbe4e51d723273188", "text": "Premier Asia Premier Asia was a UK DVD distribution company , operating between the years 2003 - 2008 . It was owned by Contender Entertainment Group until the summer of 2007 when Contender was purchased by Entertainment One . Premier Asia is the sister company of Hong Kong Legends , and whilst that company specialised only in Hong Kong films , Premier Asia encompassed films from all of the major film making centres of Asia ( outside of mainland China ) , specifically Japan , South Korea and Thailand . In keeping with the Hong Kong Legends DVD format , many of the earlier releases included audio commentaries from Hong Kong cinema expert , producer and screenwriter Bey Logan , he is here partnered for many releases with Asian cinema expert Mike Leeder .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a913a508bcb016d99cd6c7e4975a6a1", "text": "Major film studio A major film studio is a production and film distributor that releases a substantial number of films annually and consistently commands a significant share of box office revenue in a given market . In the North American , Western , and global markets , the major film studios , often simply known as the majors , are commonly regarded as the six diversified media conglomerates whose various film production and distribution subsidiaries collectively command approximately 80 to 85 percent of U.S. and Canadian box office revenue . The term may also be applied more specifically to the primary motion picture business subsidiary of each respective conglomerate . The `` Big Six '' majors , whose operations are based in or around the Los Angeles neighborhood of Hollywood , are all centered in film studios active during Hollywood 's Golden Age of the 1930s and 1940s . In three cases -- 20th Century Fox , Warner Bros. , and Paramount -- the studios were one of the `` Big Five '' majors during that era as well . In two cases -- Columbia and Universal -- the studios were also considered majors , but in the next tier down , part of the `` Little Three '' . In the sixth case , Walt Disney Studios was an independent production company during the Golden Age ; it was an important Hollywood entity , but not a major . Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , United Artists , and RKO were majors . Today , Disney is the only member of the Big Six whose parent entity is still located near Los Angeles ( actually , on Disney 's studio lot and in the same building ) . The five others report to conglomerates headquartered in New York City , Philadelphia , and Tokyo . Of the Big Six , Paramount is the only one still based in Hollywood , and Paramount and Fox are the only ones still located within the Los Angeles city limits , while Disney and Warner Bros. are located in Burbank , Columbia in Culver City , and Universal in the unincorporated area of Universal City . Most of today 's Big Six control subsidiaries with their own distribution networks that concentrate on arthouse pictures ( e.g. Fox Searchlight Pictures ) or genre films ( e.g. Sony 's Screen Gems ) ; several of these specialty units were shut down or sold off between 2008 and 2010 . The six major studios are contrasted with smaller production and/or distribution companies , which are known as independents or `` indies '' . The leading independent producer/distributors -- Lionsgate Films , The Weinstein Company , and former major studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer -- are sometimes referred to as `` mini-majors '' . From 1998 through 2005 , DreamWorks SKG commanded a large enough market share to arguably qualify it as a seventh major , despite its relatively small output . In 2006 , DreamWorks was acquired by Viacom , Paramount 's corporate parent . In late 2008 , DreamWorks once again became an independent production company ; its films were distributed by Disney 's Touchstone Pictures until 2016 , at which point distribution switched to Universal . The Big Six major studios are today primarily backers and distributors of films whose actual production is largely handled by independent companies -- either long-running entities or ones created for and dedicated to the making of a specific film . The specialty divisions often simply acquire distribution rights to pictures in which the studio has had no prior involvement . While the majors still do a modicum of true production , their activities are focused more in the areas of development , financing , marketing , and merchandising . Those business functions are still usually performed in or near Los Angeles , even though the runaway production phenomenon means that most films are now mostly or completely shot on location at places outside Los Angeles . Since the dawn of filmmaking , the U.S. major film studios have dominated both American cinema and the global film industry . U.S. studios have benefited from a strong first-mover advantage in that they were the first to industrialize filmmaking and master the art of mass-producing and distributing high-quality films with broad cross-cultural appeal . Today , the Big Six majors routinely distribute hundreds of films every year into all significant international markets ( that is , where discretionary income is high enough for consumers to afford to watch films ) . It is very rare , if not impossible , for a film to reach a broad international audience on multiple continents and in multiple languages without first being picked up by one of the majors for distribution .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d99ca7e631d2ccbc81efde67357bff3", "text": "Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country Star Trek VI : The Undiscovered Country is a 1991 American science fiction film released by Paramount Pictures . It is the sixth feature film based on Star Trek , and a sequel to the 1966 -- 1969 Star Trek television series . Taking place after the events of Star Trek V : The Final Frontier , it is the last film featuring the entire cast of the original series . After the destruction of the Klingon moon Praxis leads the Klingon Empire to pursue peace with their long-time adversary the Federation , the crew of the USS Enterprise must race against unseen conspirators with a militaristic agenda . The sixth film in the series was initially planned as a prequel to the original series , with younger actors portraying the crew of the Enterprise while attending Starfleet Academy , but the idea was discarded because of negative reaction from the original cast and the fans . Faced with producing a new film in time for Star Trek 's 25th anniversary , Nicholas Meyer , the director of Star Trek II : The Wrath of Khan , and Denny Martin Flinn wrote a script based on a suggestion from Leonard Nimoy about what would happen if `` the Wall came down in space '' , touching on the contemporary events of the Cold War . Principal photography took place between April and September 1991 . The production budget was smaller than anticipated because of the critical and commercial disappointment of The Final Frontier . Because of a lack of sound stage space on the Paramount lot , many scenes were filmed around Hollywood . Meyer and cinematographer Hiro Narita aimed for a darker and more dramatic mood , subtly altering sets originally used for the television series Star Trek : The Next Generation . Producer Steven-Charles Jaffe led a second unit that filmed on an Alaskan glacier that stood in for a Klingon gulag . Cliff Eidelman produced the film 's score , which is intentionally darker than previous Star Trek offerings . The film was released in North America on December 6 , 1991 . The Undiscovered Country garnered positive reviews , with publications praising the lighthearted acting and facetious references . The film performed strongly at the box office . It posted the largest opening weekend gross of the series before going on to earn $ 96,888,996 worldwide . The film earned two Academy Award nominations , for Best Makeup and Best Sound Effects , and is the only Star Trek movie to win the Saturn Award for Best Science Fiction Film . A special collectors ' edition DVD version of the film was released in 2004 , to which Meyer had made minor alterations . Star Trek creator Gene Roddenberry died shortly before the movie 's premiere , just days after viewing the film . The film marked the final appearance together of the original series ' cast .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7a3fc8786895e87624acbf774f04f73e", "text": "Film poster A film poster is a poster used to promote and advertise a film . Studios often print several posters that vary in size and content for various domestic and international markets . They normally contain an image with text . Today 's posters often feature photographs of the main actors . Prior to the 1990s , illustrations instead of photos were far more common . The text on film posters usually contains the film title in large lettering and often the names of the main actors . It may also include a tagline , the name of the director , names of characters , the release date , etc. . Film posters are displayed inside and on the outside of movie theaters , and elsewhere on the street or in shops . The same images appear in the film exhibitor 's pressbook and may also be used on websites , DVD ( and historically VHS ) packaging , flyers , advertisements in newspapers and magazines , etc. . Film posters have been used since the earliest public exhibitions of film . They began as outside placards listing the programme of ( short ) films to be shown inside the hall or movie theater . By the early 1900s , they began to feature illustrations of a film scene or an array of overlaid images from several scenes . Other posters have used artistic interpretations of a scene or even the theme of the film , represented in a wide variety of artistic styles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c1146f2b571a710c163739ce10c7298e", "text": "Film gate The film gate is the rectangular opening in the front of a motion picture camera where the film is exposed to light . The film gate can be seen by removing the lens and rotating the shutter out of the way . The film is held on a uniform plane at a calibrated distance in the gate by a pressure plate behind the film . Occasionally , as the film passes through the gate , friction can cause small slivers of celluloid to break off and stick in the side of the opening . This debris is called hairs . A `` hair in the gate '' will remain in front of the film and create a dark line that sticks into the edge of the film frame as the camera is filming a shot . A hair can ruin the shot and is almost impossible to fix in post production without being removed digitally . Because of the intractability of this problem the 1st Assistant Camera ( in the UK this position is known as focus puller ) will open the camera and examine the gate for hairs at the end of each shot . Normally the assistant director will call out `` check the gate '' when the director is ready to move on to the next shot . The crew will wait until the focus puller calls out `` gate is clean . '' If the gate is not clean , it will be cleaned with orangewood sticks and canned air and the crew will take the shot again . A good camera crew usually checks all cameras and magazines during equipment checkout with scratch tests using fogged film rolls -- this will catch out any possible scratch or hair problems caused by faulty equipment . However , a variety of other factors including environment , humidity , type of film stock , camera position , film ridging , and lacing can each be responsible for a `` hair in the gate '' . Generally , skilled crew and regularly inspected tested equipment make this a rare occurrence , and it is not unheard of for assistants to go for months without seeing one , even on large-scale shoots . The cinematographer Oliver Stapleton praised his assisting team on Casanova for not having a single hair or scratch for the whole shoot , even though large portions were shot on dusty exteriors . Video cameras do not have this problem , as any malfunction to the sensor will render the entire system useless . The Arri D-20 and D-21 system , however , does have removable lenses and a rotating optical shutter , which means that the CMOS sensor can be exposed in much the same way as a film gate and thus needs to be kept assiduously clean .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7920acd205b8fed0512081b42a06bf1b", "text": "Ubisoft Motion Pictures Ubisoft Motion Pictures is a division of the French global video game publisher and developer Ubisoft . It is a film and television production company responsible for the adaptations ' creative control of their games .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d7c7e6e5d04ebbd64303008ab55a8e60", "text": "Space Squad is a set of two V-Cinema movies , first released in Japanese theaters in June 17 , 2017 while DVD and Blu-Ray releases were made on separate dates . It features the crossover between 2012 Metal Hero Series movie Space Sheriff Gavan : The Movie and the twenty-eighth Super Sentai Series entry Tokusou Sentai Dekaranger , both works are distributed by Toei Company . In addition , past actors from Metal Hero Series are also set to appear as guests in the films . Both director Koichi Sakamoto and writer Naruhisa Arakawa previously worked in Space Sheriffs : Next Generation . Another work from Space Sheriff Gavan was planned since 2015 but production was moved to 2016 due to Sakamoto 's scheduling conflicts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d2df65afab65724119a553a9a70fdb6", "text": "Rocky III Rocky III is a 1982 American sports drama film written , directed by , and starring Sylvester Stallone . It is the third installment in the Rocky film series , and the second in the franchise to be directed by Stallone . The movie features returning co-stars Carl Weathers , Burgess Meredith , Talia Shire and Burt Young . Rocky III also marks the film debuts of Mr. T as James `` Clubber '' Lang , and of professional wrestler Hulk Hogan as the supporting character `` Thunderlips '' . Rocky III is the first installment in the series to be distributed by MGM/UA rather than United Artists alone . In 1980 , United Artists , who owned the rights to the Rocky films , made Heaven 's Gate , a film which cost $ 44 million and made only $ 3 million . In response , United Artists ' owner , Transamerica , sold United Artists to MGM , forming MGM/UA in 1981 . The film 's main theme , `` Eye of the Tiger '' , was written by the group Survivor and became a smash hit single , topping the U.S. Billboard charts and received an Academy Award nomination for Best Original Song .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8541388752059e6798a02aaef1fad2c0", "text": "List of Criterion Collection UK releases This is a list of Criterion Collection Blu-ray titles released in U.K. , distributed by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment . The Criterion Collection is a video distribution company which specializes in licensing and selling `` important classic and contemporary films '' in `` editions that offer the highest technical quality and award-winning , original supplements . '' Janus Films and the Voyager Company established The Criterion Collection in 1984 as a privately held company concentrating upon the North American home video market . In March 2016 , Criterion announced that due to a distribution partnership with Sony Pictures Home Entertainment select Criterion Collection titles would be launching in U.K. as Blu-ray editions , starting on April 18 , 2016 . So far all the released titles have been films that have already been released in US by Criterion Collection , or that have received simultaneous releases in the US and U.K. . So far all the released titles have been identical to their US counterparts apart from region coding ( A in the US and B in U.K. ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ddc5067964842a84d37bac79c4a8319b", "text": "Discount theater Discount theaters , also known as dollar theatres , dollar movies , second-run theatres , and sub-run theatres , are movie theaters that show motion pictures for reduced prices after the films leave first-run theatres . Originally , they would receive 35mm films after they had been shown already at first run theaters ; therefore the film quality would be lower because the film was worn by dozens of showings , and the audience for the film would be reduced since it had been released weeks or months before . At the time , VHS was just rising as an affordable home video technology . Consequently , budget-conscious film-goers might wait for a film to hit the local dollar house instead of paying more money to see the film first-run . As the 21st century dawned , a pair of factors conspired to drive many discount theatres out of business : 1 ) an oversupply of American movie screens caused by ambitious overbuilding allowed films to stay longer in the first-run theatres , and 2 ) the delay between theatrical release and VHS or DVD release continued to shrink . This latter factor convinced many moviegoers that it was simply not worth the money , hassle , and possible encounters with noisy fellow patrons and sticky floors , meaning dollar theatres could be in the twilight of their existence .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "db919c08c9b0fe5b1ad77ae1d8531519", "text": "Saw V (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) Saw V ( Original Motion Picture Soundtrack ) is the soundtrack for the film Saw V '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ea96a8a50eec8710d680775e3df01bd", "text": "List of Square Enix video game franchises Square Enix is a Japanese video game development and publishing company formed from the merger of video game developer Square and publisher Enix on April 1 , 2003 . The company is best known for its role-playing video game franchises , which include the Final Fantasy series , the Dragon Quest series , and the action role-playing Kingdom Hearts series . Since its inception , the company has developed or published hundreds of titles in various video game franchises on numerous gaming systems . Of its properties , the Final Fantasy franchise is the best-selling , with a total worldwide sales of over 110 million units . The Dragon Quest series has shipped over 66 million units worldwide and is one of the most popular video game series in Japan , while the Kingdom Hearts series has shipped over 22 million copies worldwide . Square Enix has owned Taito , which continues to publish its own video games , since September 2005 , and acquired game publisher Eidos Interactive in April 2009 , which was merged with Square Enix 's European publishing wing and renamed as Square Enix Europe . This list includes franchises in which Square Enix , or its original components Square and Enix , or its subsidiaries , were the primary developer or publisher , even if the series was begun prior to the subsidiary 's acquisition . Franchises are defined as any set of interconnected media consisting of more than one release , and video game franchises are defined as franchises which were initially created as a video game or series of video games . For a list of all individual games developed or published by Square Enix , see the list of Square Enix video games and mobile games . For games released before the merger , see the Square and Enix video games . For games released by Taito , both before and after the acquisition , see the list of Taito games , and for games published by Eidos prior to acquisition see the list of Eidos games .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab776c8e054188f0657ac63f8105ecf6", "text": "Film series A film series ( also referred to as a film franchise ) is a collection of related films in succession that share the same fictional universe , or are marketed as a series . Sometimes the work is conceived from the beginning as a multiple-film work , for example the Three Colours series , but in most cases the success of the original film inspires further films to be made . Individual sequels are relatively common , but are not always successful enough to spawn further installments . The Marvel Cinematic Universe is the highest grossing film series in unadjusted US Dollar figures surpassing the Harry Potter , Star Wars , James Bond , and Peter Jackson 's The Lord of the Rings series . However , `` Star Wars '' has the highest when adjusted for inflation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "07863a8039a4ba96dbaca403bedd70bf", "text": "Xseed Games Xseed Games is an American video game publishing , localization , and distribution company founded as a subsidiary of the Japanese Marvelous group . Their goal is to bring high-quality interactive entertainment to the North American market . They provide sales services for video games and related materials , as well as marketing support services mainly for Japanese corporations looking to market general consumer goods .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9598e8560912dabe471ba3a1e4f67a64", "text": "Mill Creek Entertainment Mill Creek Entertainment is an American home video company founded in 2002 by Ian Warfield , Robert Zakheim and Scott Moss in Minnetonka , Minnesota . The Mill Creek Entertainment catalog draws from over 12,000 hours of owned and licensed content , including contemporary and classic feature films , as well as television , animations , documentary , special interest , family entertainment and fitness content . The company 's licensing partnerships with major studios include Buena Vista Home Entertainment , Sony Pictures Home Entertainment , NBCUniversal , and Warner Home Video . The company is known for its multi-film DVD collections , which draw heavily ( but not exclusively ) from material in the public domain in the United States . The company also produces its own original documentary programming , including the National Parks Explorer Series , Up from Slavery , Gangster Empire : Rise of the Mob , The Ultimate Civil War Series , America 's Serial Killers , and The Decade You Were Born series . Mill Creek acquired the library of Crown International Pictures from now defunct Navarre Corporation subsidiary BCI Home Entertainment . On April 23 , 2012 , Mill Creek announced that they had signed a home video distribution deal with Sony Pictures Home Entertainment , acquiring the rights to distribute 250 films from the Sony Pictures catalog on DVD and Blu-ray . On August 27 , Mill Creek announced that they had signed a long term distribution deal with Sony Pictures Home Entertainment to distribute an additional 665 films and 54 TV series from the Sony Pictures library .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7056a75f1f12da89d4b78dcb88ea6202", "text": "Social Capital Entertainment Social Capital Entertainment is an American film production company involved in film , music and interactive entertainment . The company was founded in 2004 by producer and real estate investor Martin Shore together with Jonathan Platt and Jonathan Miller . Social Capital produced and financed the psychological thriller , Tell Tale , together with Ridley and Tony Scott . Tell Tale starred Josh Lucas , Lena Heady and Brian Cox , and was directed by Michael Cuesta ( L.I.E. , Dexter ) . They are soon to release 2001 Maniacs : Field of Screams , the sequel to 2001 Maniacs , the 2005 Social Capital horror film . Other previous films include the period drama The Countess ( Julie Delpy 's follow-up to 2 Days in Paris ) and Snoop Dogg 's Hood of Horror ( Lionsgate ) . The company has also produced soundtracks for such films as Saw ( Lionsgate ) , Saw II ( Lionsgate ) , Rize ( Lionsgate ) and Rock School ( Newmarket ) , as well as for television series including Summerland .", "title": "" } ]
fever
a70d0f4efbdcac08d9fa64ca65d25707
Poland is the 17th most visited country in the world.
[ { "docid": "a72d8ee98cee20e1a5a5bfdd913e8ef4", "text": "Poland Poland ( Polska -LSB- ˈpɔlska -RSB- ) , officially the Republic of Poland ( -LSB- Rzeczpospolita Polska , links = no -RSB- , ) , is a parliamentary republic in Central Europe . Poland is a unitary state divided into 16 administrative subdivisions , covering an area of 312679 km2 with a mostly temperate climate . With a population of over 38.5 million people , Poland is the sixth most populous member state of the European Union . Poland 's capital and largest city is Warsaw . Other cities include Kraków , Wrocław , Poznań , Gdańsk and Szczecin . The establishment of a Polish state can be traced back to 966 , when Mieszko I , ruler of a territory roughly coextensive with that of present-day Poland , converted to Christianity . The Kingdom of Poland was founded in 1025 , and in 1569 it cemented a longstanding political association with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania by signing the Union of Lublin . This union formed the Polish -- Lithuanian Commonwealth , one of the largest and most populous countries of 16th and 17th century Europe with a uniquely liberal political system which declared Europe 's first constitution . Following the partitions of Poland at the end of the 18th century , Poland regained its independence in 1918 with the Treaty of Versailles . In September 1939 , World War II started with the invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany , followed by the Soviet Union invading Poland in accordance with the Molotov -- Ribbentrop Pact . More than six million of Poland 's citizens died in the war . After World War II , the Polish People 's Republic was established as a satellite state under Soviet influence . In the aftermath of the Revolutions of 1989 , most notably through the emergence of the Solidarity movement , Poland established itself as a democratic republic . Poland is the eighth largest and one of the most dynamic economies in the European Union , simultaneously achieving a `` very high '' ranking on the Human Development Index . Additionally , the Polish Stock Exchange in Warsaw is the largest and most important in Central and Eastern Europe . Poland is a developed and democratic country , with a high-income economy , and a very high standard of living . It also ranks very highly in education , safety and economic freedom . According to the World Bank , Poland has one of the best educational systems in Europe , placing it among the most educated nations . The country provides free university education , state-funded social security and a universal health care system for all citizens . Situated between Eastern and Western European cultures and coined by a changing history , Poland developed a rich cultural heritage , including numerous historical monuments and 14 UNESCO World Heritage Sites . It is visited by approximately 16 million tourists every year ( 2014 ) , making it the 16th most visited country in the world . Poland is a member state of the European Union , the Schengen Area , the United Nations , NATO and the OECD .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "ce5a3c9b601424b0067f4faa8f2a74d3", "text": "Poles in Lithuania The Polish minority in Lithuania '' ' numbered 200,317 persons , according to the Lithuanian census of 2011 , or 6.6 % of the total population of Lithuania . It is the largest ethnic minority in the country and the second largest Polish diaspora group among the post-Soviet states . Poles are concentrated in the Vilnius Region . People of Polish ethnicity have lived in the territory of modern Lithuania for many centuries . The relationship between the two groups has been long and complex . Their countries were united during the era of the Polish -- Lithuanian Commonwealth , but both nations lost their independence after the Commonwealth was partitioned in the late 18th century . Both nations regained their independence in the wake of World War I , but hostilities over the ownership of Vilnius and the surrounding region broke out in 1920 . The disputes became politically moot after the Soviet Union exercised its authority over both countries during and immediately after World War II . Some tensions over the Vilnius Region resurfaced after Lithuania regained its independence in 1990 , but have since remained at manageable levels . Poland was highly supportive of Lithuanian independence , and became one of the first countries to recognise independent Lithuania , despite apprehensions over Lithuania 's treatment of its Polish minority .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b6223591a33311ed3fb1b8b52be1375b", "text": "Lednica 2000 The Poland-wide Youth Meeting Lednica 2000 ( known as Lednica ) is an annual gathering of Polish Catholic youth , organized near Gniezno in Pola Lednickie ( near the Lednica lake , which is believed to be the place where the first Polish monarch , Mieszko I was baptized in 966 ) . It is the largest regular religious youth meeting in the world ( with exception of those attended by the Pope ) . Lednica gatherings were initiated in 1997 by the Poznań-based Dominican friar Jan Góra . Since then , they are organized every year and always take place on the first Saturday of June . Pope John Paul II sent an annual special message to participants of Lednica . This tradition was continued by his successor , Benedict XVI . After his papal resignation , the tradition is continued by pope Francis .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "77792564ae5d38ef8856132a6b515fc4", "text": "List of Polish counties __ NOTOC __ The following is an alphabetical list of all 380 county-level entities in Poland . A county or powiat ( pronounced povyat ) is the second level of Polish administrative division , between the voivodeship ( provinces ) and the gmina ( municipalities or communes ; plural `` gminy '' ) . The list includes the 314 `` land counties '' ( powiaty ziemskie ) and the 66 `` city counties '' ( miasta na prawach powiatu or powiaty grodzkie ) . For general information about these entities , see the article on powiats . The following information is given in the list : English name ( as used in Wikipedia ) Polish name ( does not apply to most city counties , since these are not translated ) . Note that sometimes two different counties have the same name in Polish ( for example , Brzeg County and Brzesko County both have the original name powiat brzeski ) . County seat ( not given in the case of city counties , as the seat is simply the city itself ) . Note that sometimes the seat is not part of the county , being itself a separate city county ; in these cases the name of the seat is asterisked . Voivodeship of which the county is a part . Area in square kilometres . Number of gminy into which the county is divided ( not given in the case of city counties , since these always constitute a single gmina ) . Population ( according to official figures for 2006 ) . For tables of counties by voivodeship , see the articles on the particular voivodeships ( Greater Poland Voivodeship etc. ) . Counties Poland , Counties Poland 2 Counties , Poland Category : LAU 1 statistical regions of the European Union", "title": "" }, { "docid": "886c3f3964288736304c1b1a1deebd21", "text": "Brno Brno ( -LSB- langpronˈbɜrnoʊ -RSB- -LSB- ˈbr̩no -RSB- , German : Brünn ) is the second largest city in the Czech Republic by population and area , the largest Moravian city , and the historical capital city of the Margraviate of Moravia . Brno is the administrative center of the South Moravian Region in which it forms a separate district ( Brno-City District ) . The city lies at the confluence of the Svitava and Svratka rivers and has about 400,000 inhabitants ; its greater metropolitan area is home to more than 800,000 people while its larger urban zone had a population of about 730,000 in 2004 . Brno is the seat of judicial authority of the Czech Republic -- it is the seat of the Constitutional Court , the Supreme Court , the Supreme Administrative Court , and the Supreme Public Prosecutor 's Office . The city is also a significant administrative centre . It is the seat of a number of state authorities , including the Ombudsman , and the Office for the Protection of Competition . Brno is also an important centre of higher education , with 33 faculties belonging to 13 institutes of higher learning and about 89,000 students . Brno Exhibition Centre ranks among the largest exhibition centres in Europe ( 23rd in the world ) . The complex opened in 1928 and established the tradition of large exhibitions and trade fairs held in Brno . Brno hosts motorbike and other races on the Masaryk Circuit , a tradition established in 1930 , in which the Road Racing World Championship Grand Prix is one of the most prestigious races . Another cultural tradition is an international fireworks competition , Ignis Brunensis , that usually attracts tens of thousands of daily visitors . The most visited sights of the city include the Špilberk castle and fortress and the Cathedral of Saints Peter and Paul on Petrov hill , two medieval buildings that dominate the cityscape and are often depicted as its traditional symbols . The other large preserved castle near the city is Veveří Castle by Brno Reservoir . This castle is the site of a number of legends , as are many other places in Brno . Another architectural monument of Brno is the functionalist Villa Tugendhat which has been included on the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites . One of the natural sights nearby is the Moravian Karst .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2fa8e869ed8a87c812208536c6a9e22b", "text": "Commemorative coins of Poland: 2004 Poland has a rich selection of Gold and Silver commemorative coins . In the year 2004 coins were launched in the series : `` Animals of the World '' , `` Polish Kings and Princes '' , `` Polish Travelers and Explorer '' , `` The Polish Calendar of Traditional Customs and Rituals '' and `` Polish Painters of the Turn of 19th and 20th Centuries '' and various occasional coins .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b2c91968beb6042ba9a82ae3ee66e97b", "text": "Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship The Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship , also known as Cuiavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship or simply Kujawsko-Pomorskie or Kujawy-Pomerania Province ( in Polish , województwo kujawsko-pomorskie -LSB- -LSB- - woje ` wuctfo-ku ` jafsk -RSB- -LSB- - -RSB- o-po ` morskJe -RSB- ) , is one of the 16 voivodeships ( provinces ) into which Poland is now divided . It is situated in mid-northern Poland , on the boundary between the two historic regions from which it takes its name : Kuyavia ( Kujawy ) and Pomerania ( Pomorze ) . Its two chief cities , serving as the province 's joint capitals , are Bydgoszcz and Toruń .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6fcdc77a786a7ce44d3d1291bc8012d7", "text": "Castles and Fortresses of Western Ukraine (Book) The book Castles and Fortresses of Western Ukraine was written by a Lviv historian Orestes Matsyuk , who spent more than 30 years of his life studying the castles and fortress of Ukraine . His aim when writing the novel was to make a complete brochure of all of Ukraine 's ancient castles . He recorded more than 5000 objects when making the book . The system of his work was to identify the news writes up of the archival building and printed sources , the gathering of old plans , photos , drawings , the installations of expeditionary field survey of current state of photographic images sights , which produces graphic reconstructions of monuments and prepared the printed catalogue . The purpose of this popular book is to serve as a guidebook into history for tourists , lovers and collectors of antiques . It contains all the necessary information about the tourist attractions which are arranged in accordance with the proposed seven bus routes which covered Ivano-Frankivsk , Ternopil , Lviv , regions and other small areas that is adjacent to ( Dubno , Ostrog , Kamenetz-Podolsk , Hawtin ) , where one can visit . The interested reader can get acquainted with the famous monasteries , castles , churches , cathedrals and our ancient monuments . Page one of this book contains the mapping scheme of each route . The book is richly described with hundreds of unique black and white pictures ( the photograph are commonly old destroyed buildings ) and the images of reconstructed monuments . The best quality of image is used , which is only possible with an offset printing on plain paper . They are lists of recommended books , name and geographical indexes at the end of the book , which makes it a lot easier to navigate through the content . One of the most intriguing slogans of the western Ukrainian fortress and castles stated that , `` it is impossible to be successful in the future with a clean slate in the past '' . The ancient castles had guardians of our history which were subjected to human impact and natural changes . Most of these castles and fortresses are still in good condition , while some are also ruin . There are around 20 functional monuments structure of kievan Rus and about 5000 castles . All the fortress and castle in Ukraine kept the legendary and romantics stories , detailed information about the beautiful princess , Cossacks , knights , magnates and the fingerprints culture of Poland , Russia Lithuania , Austria-Hungary , and Turkey `` movies stars '' , movies directors and producers were also retained .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a8f7ed612c2ba6780e09ff98e553ed1e", "text": "Polish presidential election, 2015 Presidential elections were held in Poland on 10 and 24 May 2015 . In the first round of voting , opposition Law and Justice ( PiS ) candidate Andrzej Duda received the greatest number of votes with a share of 34.76 % , followed by incumbent president Bronisław Komorowski ( with 33.77 % ) , who ran as an independent with the endorsement of the Civic Platform ( PO ) , which he had renounced his membership in after winning the 2010 elections . Independent candidate Paweł Kukiz came third with 20.80 % of the votes . As no candidate had received more than 50 % of the votes cast , a second round was held on 24 May between the two highest-placed candidates , Duda and Komorowski . This round was won by Duda with 51.5 % of the votes , to Komorowski 's 48.5 % . This was the closest presidential election in Polish history . The victory of Duda 's Law and Justice party was one of the latest in a series of electoral victories for eurosceptic centre-right and right-wing parties in Europe . His party received strong support in the eastern half of the country closest to Ukraine and had campaigned on a platform of tax cuts , continued privatization , continued social welfare spending , anti-corruption , constitutional reform , increased military spending and closer ties to NATO , limited support of EU integration , and restrictions on abortion , euthanasia , legal recognition of same-sex couples and media portrayals of sex and violence .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "efa35d3958e26eb69d55c1aba95b223f", "text": "Demographics of France The demography of France is monitored by the Institut national d'études démographiques ( INED ) and the Institut National de la Statistique et des Études Économiques ( INSEE ) . As of the 1 January 2017 , almost 67 million people lived in the French Republic ( 66,991,000 ) , including all the five overseas departments ( 2,132,000 ) , but excluding the overseas collectivities and territories ( 604,000 ) . 64,859,000 of these lived in Metropolitan France , the part of France located in Europe . In March 2017 the population of France officially reached the 67 million mark . The 66 million mark was reached in the beginning of 2014 . Between the years 2010 and 2017 the population of France grew from 64,613 million to 66,991 million or with about 2,4 million people for a span of 7 years , making France one of the fastest growing countries in Europe . The population of France is growing with 1 million people every 3 years . For an average annual growth of 340,000 people , or a grow rate of +0,6 % . France was historically Europe 's most populous nation . During the Middle Ages , more than one quarter of Europe 's total population was French ; by the 17th century , this had decreased slightly to one fifth . By the beginning of the 20th century , other European nations , such as Germany and Russia , had caught up with and overtaken it . However , the country 's population sharply increased with the baby boom following World War II . According to INSEE , since 2004 , 200,000 immigrants entered annually into the country . One out of two was born in Europe and one in three in Africa . Between 2009 and 2012 , the number of Europeans entering France increased sharply ( + 12 % per year on average ) . The national birth rate , after dropping for a time , began to rebound in the 1990s and currently the country 's fertility rate is close to the replacement level . According to a 2006 INSEE study , `` The natural increase is close to 300,000 people , a level that has not been reached in more than thirty years . '' Among the 802,000 newborns in metropolitan France in 2010 , 80.1 % had two French parents , 13.3 % had one French parent , and 6.6 % had two non-French parents . For the same year , 27.3 % of newborns in metropolitan France had at least one foreign-born parent and 23.9 % had at least one parent born outside of Europe ( parents born in overseas territories are considered as born in France ) . Between 2006 and 2008 , about 40 % of newborns in France had one foreign-born grandparent ( 11 % born in another European country , 16 % born in the Maghreb and 12 % born in another region of the world ) . Racial and ethnic censuses have been banned by the French government since 1978 , since the term `` race '' in France invokes associations with Nazi Germany .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4c981edb291060942850659751404cc0", "text": "Ministries of Poland The ministries of Poland are the various departments performing functions implemented by the Polish government . Each ministry is headed by a governmental minister selected by the Prime Minister , who sits in the collective executive Council of Ministers . The current competences and regulations of the ministries were established under a series of central administrative reforms carried out by prime ministers Józef Oleksy and Włodzimierz Cimoszewicz between 1996 and 1997 . Under legal regulations , the cabinet can create , combine , or dissolve ministries , with the Prime Minister determining the scope and responsibilities of ministers . The number and range of ministries has varied throughout the past . As of 2015 , seventeen codified ministries exist within the government . The following departments discharge executive functions under the Cabinet of Ewa Kopacz .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1634e117699efeccc26d0a47801765f0", "text": "Georgia–Poland relations Georgia -- Poland relations refers to foreign relations between Georgia and Poland . Both countries established diplomatic relation on 28 April 1992 . Georgia has an embassy in Warsaw . Poland has an embassy in Tbilisi . Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe . The documented ties between Georgia and Poland reach back to the 15th century , when the Georgian ( Kartlian ) King Konstantin sent a diplomatic mission to the Polish King Alexander Jagiellon . Later , Polish King Jan III Sobieski tried to establish contacts with Georgia . Many Georgians participated in military campaigns led by Poland in the 17th century . Bogdan Gurdziecki , a Georgian , who was the greatest authority on all things Persian working in the Polish king 's diplomatic service , made frequent diplomatic trips to Persia , on which he obtained , among other things , guarantees upholding earlier privileges for missionaries . Already during the rule of King Jan Kazimierz , he sent on missions to Isfahan , and King Jan III Sobieski availed himself of Gurdziecki 's talents in like manner ( in 1668 , 1671 , 1676 -- 1678 , in 1682 -- 1684 , and in 1687 ) . Gurdziecki remained at the court of the shah for several years in the capacity of special resident and representative of the Polish king ; it was he who delivered to the shah Suleiman news about the victory of the Christian forces at Vienna ( 1683 ) . During the brief period of Georgian independence in 1920 , Poland and Georgia had established good relations and signed a short-lived alliance . During the War in South Ossetia in 2008 , Poland strongly supported Georgia . The President of Poland , Lech Kaczyński , flew to Tbilisi along with other Eastern European presidents to rally against the Russian military buildup and subsequent military conflict . After several attacks on the Georgian Ministry of Foreign Affairs website , the Polish president allowed the Georgian MFA to publish its messages on his website .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c6b1b2eeebb3a87b75c291608f5d16cd", "text": "National Museum, Warsaw The National Museum in Warsaw ( Muzeum Narodowe w Warszawie ) , popularly abbreviated as MNW , is a national museum in Warsaw , one of the largest museums in Poland and the largest in the capital . It comprises a rich collection of ancient art ( Egyptian , Greek , Roman ) , counting about 11,000 pieces , an extensive gallery of Polish painting since the 16th century and a collection of foreign painting ( Italian , French , Flemish , Dutch , German and Russian ) including some paintings from Adolf Hitler 's private collection , ceded to the Museum by the American authorities in post-war Germany . The museum is also home to numismatic collections , a gallery of applied arts and a department of oriental art , with the largest collection of Chinese art in Poland , comprising some 5,000 objects . The Museum boasts the Faras Gallery with Europe 's largest collection of Nubian Christian art and the Gallery of Medieval Art with artefacts from all regions historically associated with Poland , supplemented by selected works created in other regions of Europe .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ecd2c85b3bf566667ef4e9e20148eec0", "text": "List of World Heritage Sites in Northern and Central Asia The UNESCO ( United Nations Educational , Scientific and Cultural Organization ) has designated 19 World Heritage Sites in six countries ( also called `` state parties '' ) of Central and North Asia : Kazakhstan , Kyrgyzstan , Tajikistan , Turkmenistan , Uzbekistan and the Asian part of Russia . The European part of Russia is included in Eastern Europe . Russia is home to the most inscribed sites with 7 sites , one of which is a transborder property shared with Mongolia in Eastern Asia . The first site from the region was the Itchan Kala in Uzbekistan inscribed in 1990 . Each year , UNESCO 's World Heritage Committee may inscribe new sites on the list , or delist sites that no longer meet the criteria . Selection is based on ten criteria : six for cultural heritage ( i -- vi ) and four for natural heritage ( vii -- x ) . Some sites , designated `` mixed sites , '' represent both cultural and natural heritage . In Northern and Central Asia , there are 11 cultural , 8 natural , and no mixed sites . All of the Russian sites ( 7 ) are natural and with the exception of Sayarka , all of the sites in Central Asia are cultural . The World Heritage Committee may also specify that a site is endangered , citing `` conditions which threaten the very characteristics for which a property was inscribed on the World Heritage List . '' None of the sites in this region has ever been listed as endangered , but possible danger listing has been considered by UNESCO in a number of cases .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "98833e0be5beb986a737570ec67dcd10", "text": "Silesian Gorals Silesian Gorals ( Górale śląscy , Slezští Goralé , Cieszyn Silesian : Gorole ; literally `` highlanders '' ) are a Polish ethnographic group ( subgroup of both Gorals and Silesians ) living in Silesian Beskids and Moravian-Silesian Beskids within historical region of Cieszyn Silesia . They are one of the four major ethnographic groups of Cieszyn Silesia . Vlach colonization of Silesian Beskids began in the late 15th century roughly at the time when Brenna was first mentioned in 1490 . It peaked in two following centuries . The group now shares a lot of cultural traits with other Gorals of Western Carpathians stemming from a common way of living from shepherding in mountainous pastures , but they are also characterised by various different cultural and spiritual elements like dialect , believes , customs , costume etc. . Wincenty Pol in his survey of Gorals in the middle of the 19th century subdivided silesian Gorals into 4 groups : Breniacy -- in Brenna . Wiślanie -- in Wisła . Jabłonkowianie ( Jablunkov Gorals ) -- exemplary Silesian Gorals living in mountainous villages around Jablunkov ( Polish : Jabłonków ) including Koniaków , Jaworzynka , Istebna , Bukovec ( Bukowiec ) , Mosty , Písek ( Piosek ) , Dolní and Horní Lomná ( Łomna Dolna i Górna ) . Morawianie ( Moravians ) -- Gorals in the villages : Krásná , Morávka and Pražmo . Their dialect was transitional between the Polish and Czech language ( see also : Moravians and Lach dialects ) . Gorolski Święto is an annual international cultural and folklore festival held in Jablunkov with a primary goal to present folklore of the local Gorals .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9782d48a5b356649517258e4094cf6f2", "text": "List of Ambassadors of Poland to Russia Poland and Russia had exchanged diplomatic missions for centuries . The first ambassador in the modern meaning of this word , from Poland to Russia , was Antoni Augustyn Deboli , in late 18th century . After the period of partitions of Poland , in 1918 , relations were established between the Second Polish Republic and Soviet Union . After Soviet invasion of Poland in 1939 those relations were broken , to be briefly reestablished in 1941 after the German invasion of the Soviet Union , when the Soviet Union and Polish government in exile agreed to cooperate against their common enemy , Nazi Germany . Those relations were broken in 1943 after discovery of the Katyn massacre . From that point onward , Soviet Union created its own puppet Polish government , which had its `` ambassadors '' in the Soviet Union . In 1989 the People 's Republic of Poland was transformed into the modern Poland ; in 1991 , Soviet Union was transformed into modern Russia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8c41aafe334afd2709f1436e5fe80a75", "text": "Janusz Kurtyka Janusz Marek Kurtyka ( 13 August 1960 -- 10 April 2010 ) was a Polish historian , and from December 2005 until his death in the 2010 Polish Air Force Tu-154 crash , the second president of the Institute of National Remembrance ( IPN ) . Kurtyka was born in Kraków and obtained his degree in the History and Philosophy Department of the Jagiellonian University . He had been a historian at the Polish Academy of Sciences since 1985 where he specialized in Polish medieval and communist era history , modern history and historical methodology . He finished his PhD in 1995 and was habilitated in 2000 . He was a contributor to Wielka Encyklopedia PWN and Polski Słownik Biograficzny ( Polish Biographical Dictionary ) and the author of more than 140 academic publications . In the People 's Republic of Poland , Kurtyka was a member of the democratic opposition to communism and an activist with the Independent Students Union and the trade union Solidarity . Between 1989 and 2000 he was the presidents of the Kraków office of Solidarity in the Historical Institute PAN . After the Institute of National Remembrance ( a Polish government-affiliated research institute which investigates both Nazi and Communist crimes committed in Poland ) was created in 1998 , Kurtyka was the first president of its Kraków branch . In April 2005 he was recommended by the Board of the Institute for the position of the president and was approved by the Polish Sejm and Senate in December of that year . He took his oath of office on December 29 , 2005 . In 2007 , Kurtyka was awarded the Ukrainian Order of Merit , third degree and in April 2009 he was awarded the Commander 's Cross with Star of the Order of Polonia Restituta by the President of Poland , Lech Kaczynski . Kurtyka was on the Tupolev Tu-154 flight of the 36th Special Aviation Regiment carrying the President of Poland Lech Kaczyński which crashed near Smolensk-North airport near Katyn , Russia , on April 10 , 2010 , killing all aboard . Days before he died he called for `` the results of the Russian investigation into Katyn massacre to be declassified and for the Russian archives to be opened '' . The post which was left open by his death was considered particularly problematic due to the difficulty there would be in replacing him . After a mass in the Saints Peter and Paul Church in Kraków he was buried in the Rakowicki Cemetery on April 23 , 2010 . On April 16 , 2010 , he was posthumously awarded the Grand Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18b99b533553c965a88b9fc4e39dd553", "text": "Grand Tour The Grand Tour was the traditional trip of Europe undertaken by mainly upper class European young men of sufficient means and rank ( or those of more humble origin who could find a sponsor ) , as well as young women if they were also of sufficient means , and accompanied by a chaperone , such as other family members , when they had come of age ( about the age of 21 years old ) . The custom flourished from about 1660 , until the advent of large-scale rail transport in the 1840s , and was associated with a standard itinerary . It served as an educational rite of passage . Though primarily associated with the British nobility and wealthy landed gentry , similar trips were made by wealthy young men of Protestant Northern European nations , and from the second half of the 18th century , by some South and North Americans . The tradition declined with the lapse of neo-classical enthusiasm and after rail and steamship travel made the journeys much easier when Thomas Cook made the `` Cook 's Tour '' of early mass tourism a byword . The New York Times in 2008 described the Grand Tour in this way : The primary value of the Grand Tour , it was believed , lay in the exposure both to the cultural legacy of classical antiquity and the Renaissance , and to the aristocratic and fashionably polite society of the European continent . In addition , it provided the only opportunity to view specific works of art , and possibly the only chance to hear certain music . A Grand Tour could last from several months to several years . It was commonly undertaken in the company of a Cicerone , a knowledgeable guide or tutor . The Grand Tour had more than superficial cultural importance ; as E. P. Thompson stated , `` ruling-class control in the 18th century was located primarily in a cultural hegemony , and only secondarily in an expression of economic or physical ( military ) power . '' The legacy of the Grand Tour lives on to the modern day and is still evident in works of travel and literature . From its aristocratic origins and the permutations of sentimental and romantic travel to the age of tourism and globalization , the Grand Tour still influences the destinations tourists choose and shapes the ideas of culture and sophistication that surround the act of travel . In essence , the Grand Tour was neither a scholar 's pilgrimage nor a religious one , though a pleasurable stay in Venice and a cautious residence in Rome were essential . Catholic Grand Tourists followed the same routes as Protestant Whigs . Since the 17th century , a tour to such places was also considered essential for budding young artists to understand proper painting and sculpture techniques , though the trappings of the Grand Tour -- valets and coachmen , perhaps a cook , certainly a `` bear-leader '' or scholarly guide -- were beyond their reach . The advent of popular guides , such as the Richardsons ' , did much to popularise such trips , and following the artists themselves , the elite considered travel to such centres as necessary rites of passage . For gentlemen , some works of art were essential to demonstrate the breadth and polish they had received from their tour : in Rome , antiquaries like Thomas Jenkins provided access to private collections of antiquities , among which enough proved to be for sale that the English market raised the price of such things , and for coins and medals , which formed more portable souvenirs and a respected gentleman 's guide to ancient history . Pompeo Batoni made a career of painting English milordi posed with graceful ease among Roman antiquities . Many continued on to Naples , where they viewed Herculaneum and Pompeii , but few ventured far into southern Italy or Malta , and fewer still to Greece , still under Turkish rule .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bbbe8c69af3c1f5e9671501cdc64ad35", "text": "Belarusian minority in Poland Belarusian minority in Poland is composed of 47,000 people according to the Polish census of 2011 . This number decreased in the last decades from over 300,000 due to an active process of assimilation . Most of them live in the Podlaskie Voivodeship . However , a small but unconfirmed Belarusian population is in the West Pomeranian Voivodeship in western Poland . They may be assimilated in the Polish population , but Belarusian culture has not firmly disappeared in the whole of Poland since World War II .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ecb41f718ac902c7187ba9cf19a7a8e0", "text": "Categories of Polish rail stations In 2005 , the Department of Railroad Stations of the Polish State Railways divided the most important stations of the nation into four categories . These categories were named from A to D , based on number of passengers , visiting the stations annually . Category A ( 16 stations ) - more than 2 million passengers annually , Category B ( 22 stations ) - between 1 and 2 million passengers annually , Category C ( 35 stations ) - between 300,000 - 1 million passengers annually , Category D ( 4 stations ) - fewer than 300,000 passengers annually .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5c8dcd0713ac34a3b8c59d7a8ef87ba5", "text": "European Capital of Culture The European Capital of Culture is a city designated by the European Union for a period of one calendar year during which it organises a series of cultural events with a strong European dimension . Preparing a European Capital of Culture can be an opportunity for the city to generate considerable cultural , social and economic benefits and it can help foster urban regeneration , change the city 's image and raise its visibility and profile on an international scale . In 1985 , former actress Melina Mercouri , then Greece 's minister of culture , and her French counterpart Jack Lang came up with the idea of designating an annual Capital of Culture to bring Europeans closer together by highlighting the richness and diversity of European cultures and raising awareness of their common history and values . The Commission of the European Union manages the title and each year the Council of Ministers of the European Union formally designates European Capitals of Culture : more than 40 cities have been designated so far . An international panel of cultural experts is in charge of assessing the proposals of cities for the title according to criteria specified by the European Union . A 2004 study conducted for the European Commission , known as the `` Palmer report '' , demonstrated that the choice of European Capital of Culture served as a catalyst for the cultural development and the transformation of the city . Consequently , the beneficial socio-economic development and impact for the chosen city are now also considered in determining the chosen cities .", "title": "" } ]
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e10e493a63814a472a7fa2a4542bc8f9
Hayley Atwell's middle name is Elizabeth.
[ { "docid": "5bff8df02c2c27e703751207186b78c7", "text": "Hayley Atwell Hayley Elizabeth Atwell ( born 5 April 1982 ) is a British-American actress , She is known for her work in stage productions such as A View from the Bridge , and onscreen , she is often cast in period pieces , such as the 2007 thriller Cassandra 's Dream , the 2008 drama The Duchess , the 2010 historical drama miniseries The Pillars of the Earth . She is best known for her portrayal of Peggy Carter in various films and television series set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe , including the ABC action-adventure series Agent Carter .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "bd9da57d49b96a6f01f94f10a7c2889c", "text": "Elizabeth Estensen Elizabeth `` Liz '' Estensen ( born 10 August 1949 ) is an English actress , mainly known for work in the popular television dramas The Liver Birds and Emmerdale . She was born in Stockton-on-Tees , County Durham , and her surname comes from her Norwegian grandad .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ccacf4c0527e0044bc6a9c6c3027f346", "text": "Atchley Atchley is a surname . Notable people with the surname include : Ben Atchley ( born 1930 ) , American politician E. G. Cuthbert F. Atchley , English liturgical scholar Hooper Atchley ( 1887 -- 1943 ) , American actor Justin Atchley ( born 1973 ) , American baseball player Kenneth Atchley ( born 1954 ) , American composer", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a979cc5b4323da62904649b2712594aa", "text": "Elizabeth Anesta Sewell Elizabeth Anesta Sewell ( 1872-1959 ) , was a Welsh-born writer under the pen-name Diana Lewes . Her memoir , A Year in Jamaica : Memoirs of a girl in Arcadia in 1889 , was published posthumously in 2013 by Eland . The memoir , a coming-of-age story set on a Jamaican sugar plantation called Arcadia , has received praise for its portrait of colonial Jamaica .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5814da6421dacf47c8bf5bc330226670", "text": "Edith Hayllar Edith Hayllar ( 1860-1948 ) was a British Artist born to James Hayllar , an acclaimed Victorian artist known for his genre paintings . Edith Hayllar 's family was comprised completely of artists including her three other sisters ; Jessica , Mary , and Kate . Together , residing in an estate in Wallington England , all four girls followed a strict Victorian regime of four to ten art classes a day to ensure proper mastery of basic art techniques such as proportions . In addition to their rigorous training schedule the girls spent the rest of their time at the estate engaging in relaxing activities such as outdoor sports , plain air painting , and gardening . These leisurely domestic scenes became the subject of the sisters ' most renowned paintings . Of all the sisters Jessica Hayllar and Edith Hayllar where the most well known painters , both specializing in genre painting like their father . Edith Hayllar 's paintings , unlike other female artists at the time , did n't challenge the terms of `` feminine dependency '' but rather played an integral role in shaping the representation of women and domesticity together by painting scenes of women tucked away in domestic interiors with their families . Hayllar 's painting style emphasized symmetry and orderliness , showing women running a well-organized household and clearly delineating a woman 's place at any given time in their lives . Hayllar had paintings shown almost ever year from the 1880s-1890s at the Institute for Oil Painters and Dudley 's Gallery . In the year 1881 she had her first piece exhibited at the Royal Society of British Artists in London and then a year later , in 1882 , another piece in was shown in the Royal Academy of Arts . Of all her paintings Edith Hayllar 's most famous is a piece , entitled A summer Shower from 1883 , showing a man with a badminton racket courting a girl recycling in a chair next to him and was called `` one of the most charming genre scenes of the nineteenth century . '' She quit painting when she married Rev. Bruce MacKay in approximately 1900 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fd4ffeeb94c8313d05e722f40b485129", "text": "Lizzie Grubman Elizabeth Grubman ( born January 30 , 1971 ) is an American publicist , manager and socialite . She is the daughter of entertainment lawyer Allen Grubman and his first wife , the late Yvette Grubman . In 2002 , Grubman served 38 days in jail for an incident where she backed a Mercedes SUV into a crowd , injuring 16 people .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4f0d9502c89fb04f4ce1cb2af305ac6", "text": "Middle name In several cultures , people 's names usually include one or more names in addition to the portion that is usually considered adequate to identify them . In a number of cultures where a given name is expected to precede the surname , such a name is likely to be placed after the given name and before the surname , and thus called a middle name . In English-speaking American culture , that term is often applied ( arguably mistakenly ) to names , occupying that position , even if the bearer would insist that that name is being mistakenly called a `` middle name '' , and is actually ( to mention several types of atypical cases ) : part of a two-word given name ( e.g. Mary Anne , about Mary Anne Clarke , and `` Joe Bob Briggs '' ) , a maiden name ( e.g. Rodham ) , a patronymic ( e.g. Sergeyevich ) , or a baptismal name ( e.g. `` Christopher '' invoking St. Christopher ) . In the USA such names are specifically referred to as middle names ; in most other countries , as far as they are given names and not , for example , patronymics , they would simply be regarded as second , third etc. given names . The US `` middle name '' is often abbreviated to the middle initial ( e.g. Mary Lee Bianchi becomes Mary L. Bianchi , which is usually standard for signatures ) or omitted entirely in everyday use ( e.g. just Mary Bianchi ) . An individual may have more than one middle name , or none . In the United Kingdom , for comparison , she would usually be referred to as either Mary Bianchi , M. L. Bianchi or Mary Lee Bianchi , or she may choose Lee Bianchi , and informally there may be familiar shortenings . It is debatable how long multiple given names have existed in English-speaking countries , but it is certain that among royalty and aristocracy the practice existed by the late 17th century ( and possibly earlier ) , as exemplified in the name of the Stuart pretender James Francis Edward Stuart ( 1688 -- 1766 ) . Despite their relatively long existence in North America , the phrase `` middle name '' was not recorded until 1835 , in the periodical Harvardiana . The use of multiple middle names has been somewhat impeded recently by the increased use of computer databases that occasionally allow for only a single middle name or more commonly a middle initial in storing personal records , effectively preventing people with multiple middle names from being listed in such databases under their full name . This is worsened by longer compound names , like María del Pilar Pereyra or María de las Nieves García . The abbreviation `` N.M.N. '' ( no middle name ) or `` N.M.I. '' ( no middle initial ) , with or without periods , is sometimes used in formal documents in the United States , where a middle initial or name is expected but the person does not have one . The middle name can also be a maiden name . Since 1905 , `` middle name '' has also developed a figurative usage meaning a notable or outstanding attribute of a person , as in the phrase `` discretion is my middle name . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3c318577c423d541a5ac106cc6f7acfa", "text": "Elizabeth Banks (journalist) Elizabeth Brister Banks ( May 2 , 1872 -- July 18 , 1938 ) was an American journalist and author . Although she never renounced her American citizenship , she remained in England throughout the last forty years of her life . Elizabeth was born in Trenton , New Jersey , the daughter of John Banks and Sarah Ann Brister . As a young child , she was raised by her aunt Elizabeth Brister and uncle Joseph Peck on `` the experimental farm '' north of Madison near Deansville , Wisconsin . She attended Milwaukee Downer Female Seminary College in Milwaukee when it was still located at Fox Lake , Wisconsin . She became a typewriter girl in a grocery store , then worked society pages in Baltimore and Saint Paul , Minnesota . She worked as secretary at the American Counsulate in Peru , later becoming a stunt journalist when other women writers were relegated to society and fashion pages . In London , she became a regular contributor to publications such as The Daily News , Punch , St James ' Gazette , London Illustrated , and Referee . She created a sensation in London by recording her observations on the plight of the lower classes , which she researched posing as a housemaid , street sweeper , and Covent Garden flower girl . Her journalistic writing under several pen names including pseudonyms of Mary Mortimer Maxwell and Enid , unceasingly promoted women 's right to vote and denounced prison conditions for jailed suffragettes . Elizabeth lived in London at 17 Downing Street , close to the Prime Minister 's residence . Her neighbors and friends included George Bernard Shaw , John Galsworthy , Thomas Hardy , H. G. Wells and suffragette Henrietta Marston . She made major contributions to British Intelligence in developing strategies to help protect London from German aerial attacks and developing propaganda schemes that helped draw the United States into the first world war . According to Who 's Who in America ( volume 20 , 1938 ) `` in 1914 she founded the Authors ' Belgian Fund and Dirk 's fund for the Allies . She originated and also wrote a series of controversial essays entitled `` The Lady at the Round Table '' . She made a trip back to the United States and became the author of an autobiographical work , The Remaking of an American . She also wrote `` Campaigns of Curiosity '' and `` Newspaper Girl '' . Careful to protect her sources in both her letters and written works , the bulk of her personal papers were destroyed upon her death . She died on Jul 18 , 1938 of arteriosclerosis and then was cremated with her ashes deposited at Golders Green Crematorium . The first in London ref : Elizabeth 's name may be found on the Mabel Spink plaque .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e29c23a3e8567a26d5073ed6b005e195", "text": "Elizabeth Hendrickson Elizabeth Courtney Hendrickson ( born July 3 , 1979 ) is an American actress . Her big break came when she was cast as character Frankie Stone on the daytime drama All My Children . Her equally popular role of Maggie Stone , the character 's identical twin , launched the character into iconic status as one half of supercouple Bianca Montgomery and Maggie Stone . Following her departure from All My Children , Hendrickson guest starred in several primetime shows . From 2008 to 2014 , she starred as fashion vixen Chloe Mitchell on The Young and the Restless . But returned in 2016 as a series regular .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d11211db7014d16c42b062fd99912639", "text": "Ellie Ellie or Elly is a given name , usually feminine , a shortened form of Eloise , Eliana , Elaina , Elena , Eleanor , Emily , Eliza , Emelia , Elspeth , Elissa , Elham , Elliot or Elizabeth , but also a given name in its own right . It is also occasionally a nickname . It may refer to :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1f495582c211acaa9da670a6398f4215", "text": "Hay House Hay House is a New Thought and self-help publisher founded in 1984 by author Louise Hay , when she self-published her books Heal Your Body and You Can Heal Your Life . Hay House Inc. includes the imprints New Beginnings Press , Princess Books , Smiley Books , and Balboa Press . In 2005 radio director Summer McStravick developed and launched the Internet radio station , Hay House Radio Network . Hay House has its headquarters in Carlsbad , California , U.S. , and international divisions in the United Kingdom , Australia , India , and South Africa .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4bd9fce504622dae14fcf4a907235320", "text": "Hayley McGregory Hayley McGregory ( born January 13 , 1986 ) is an English-born American competition swimmer . She is a former world-record holder in the 50 and 100-meter backstroke ( long course ) , and is the first woman to break a world record held by Natalie Coughlin in the 100 Backstroke .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c3f7ea7ea4d40edd4c7a20053ca137d", "text": "Bennet family The Bennet family are a fictional family of dwindling Hertfordshire landed gentry , created by English novelist Jane Austen . The family plays a central role in the novel Pride and Prejudice , since it is the one to which the protagonist , Elizabeth , belongs . The complex relationships between its various members influence the evolution of the plot . In a society where marriage is the only possible future for a young girl of good family , the presence in the household of five girls to marry with no other advantage than their good looks can only be a source of concern . Yet the Bennet couple do not assume their role as educators : the mother repeatedly makes a spectacle of herself , incapable of realizing that her behaviour is more likely to put off any rich , eligible young man who noticed the oldest and most pretty of her daughters . All the while , the father , an indifferent husband , whose mocking gaze only makes things worse , since he has long-since given up on reining in her behaviour , more intent on ` enjoying the show ' than in correcting her behaviour , and the behaviour of his younger daughters , regardless of how negatively it affects his daughters ' chances of respectable matches . These girls show very different behaviors according to the education they received or provided themselves : the two eldest daughters , Jane and Elizabeth , show irreproachable conduct and are appreciated by their father , while Mary , less physically attractive , displays intellectual and musical pretensions , and the two youngest are both left almost abandoned to run wild under the sloppy , careless supervision of their ineffectual mother . Other members of the Bennets staged by Jane Austen are , on the one hand Mrs Bennet 's brother and sister -- Mr. Gardiner and Mrs. Philips , on the other hand the designated heir of Mr. Bennet 's estate , his distant paternal second cousin , the pompous and foolish Mr. William Collins . Mr. Gardiner and Mrs. Philips contribute significantly to the progress and outcome of the story , but at a level and in a different register reflecting their respective social belonging . Collins 's character serves as a link between the gentry of Hertfordshire , to which the Bennets belong , and the large property owners Lady Catherine de Bourgh and Mr. Darcy . The legal , financial or emotional interests that unite or divide the members of the Bennet family allow Jane Austen to build a complex picture of society and to raise a number of societal issues specific to her time , particularly concerning girls ' education and legitimacy of certain behaviors .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2b394edf1606e490992b202f7a4ee82c", "text": "Elizabeth Crook Elizabeth Crook ( born 1959 ) is an American genre novelist specializing in the Western fiction . Crook 's three novels have attracted favorable reviews , and her work has been published in anthologies and periodicals such as Texas Monthly and Southwestern Historical Quarterly .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d6d47f0eac3c4e4926a911f6b969cfd8", "text": "Hayley Kiyoko discography The discography of Hayley Kiyoko , an American singer-songwriter , consists of three extended plays , four singles and other album appearances . Kiyoko 's debut EP , A Belle to Remember , was released in March 2013 . Her next EP , This Side of Paradise , was released in February 2015 and spawned three singles : `` This Side of Paradise '' , `` Girls Like Girls '' , and `` Cliff 's Edge '' . In 2016 , she released the single `` Gravel to Tempo '' and her next EP , Citrine . In 2017 , a new single , titled `` Sleepover '' , was released .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a45cc80d02da33be8f2a488bca83bd46", "text": "Elizabeth Howard Elizabeth Howard may refer to : Elizabeth Boleyn , Countess of Wiltshire ( c. 1480 -- 1538 ) , née Elizabeth Howard , mother of Anne Boleyn Elizabeth Howard , Duchess of Norfolk ( 1497 -- 1558 ) , née Stafford , wife of Thomas Howard , 2nd Duke of Norfolk Elizabeth Leyburne ( 1536 -- 1567 ) , wife of Thomas Howard , 4th Duke of Norfolk Elizabeth Jane Howard ( 1923 -- 2014 ) , writer Elizabeth Tilney , Countess of Surrey ( died 1497 ) , married name Elizabeth Howard Liz Howard , 27th president of the Camogie Association Liz Howard ( writer ) , Canadian writer", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93a8f7c531df396d14ed057620df6a46", "text": "Lady Elizabeth Basset Lady Elizabeth Basset , DCVO ( 5 March 1908 -- 30 November 2000 ) was born Elizabeth Legge , the daughter of the 7th Earl of Dartmouth . On 31 October 1931 , she married Ronald Lambert Basset ( 1898-1972 ) , senior representative of the ancient Basset family of Tehidy in Cornwall , by whom she had two children , Bryan Ronald ( 1932 -- 2010 ) and Peter Francis ( 1935 -- 1954 ) . From 1959 -- 81 , she was an Extra Woman of the Bedchamber to Queen Elizabeth , the Queen Mother , then a Woman of the Bedchamber from 1981 -- 93 , and an Extra Woman again , from 1993 until her death in 2000 . She authored a devotional book , Love Is My Meaning . Lady Elizabeth Basset died in 2000 , aged 92 in London .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18ad4203eb832b86588890543502410c", "text": "Hayley Sams Hayley Sams ( born March 21 , 1986 in Birmingham , England ) is a retired English glamour model and winner of Max Power magazine 's Babe competition for 2009 . She first rose to prominence after winning the Miss Bedfordshire beauty pageant in 2008 , shortly after which she was signed to former Miss England Danielle Lloyd 's Irresistible Talent model agency . Sams also became a leading model for the UK based international agency ModelGateway.net in 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8940cacd919ed8d24d4af95bbe02b4f7", "text": "Elizabeth Peer Elizabeth Peer Jansson ( February 3 , 1936 -- May 26 , 1984 ) , born Elizabeth Clow Peer , often just Liz Peer , was a pioneering American journalist . She was the first female foreign correspondent at Newsweek and later its first female war correspondent . Peer worked for Newsweek from 1958 until her death in 1984 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1f0cd9cf2f04c5956f7a00425d751088", "text": "Edith Edith is a female given name , derived from the Old English words ēad , meaning ` riches or blessed ' , and ġȳð , meaning ` war ' , and is in common usage in this form in English , German , many Scandinavian languages and Dutch . Its French form , also a common name in French , is Édith . Contractions and variations of this name include Ditte , Edie and Edythe . It was a common first name prior to the 16th century , when it fell out of favour . It became popular again at the beginning of the 19th century , and in 2007 it was ranked at 730th most popular female name in the United States , according to the Social Security online database . It was more common as a name for children in the early 20th century than in the late 20th or early 21st centuries . The name Edith has four name days : May 14 in Estonia , October 31 in Sweden , July 5 in Latvia , and September 16 in France .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "599d35912f1ecee057ba3ddcc10423a6", "text": "Athene Seyler Athene Seyler , CBE ( 31 May 188912 September 1990 ) was an English actress .", "title": "" } ]
fever
2e70a02aa2cf5bed3e0cc609cb2d3823
Jawaharal Nehru had political troubles in his final years.
[ { "docid": "375d713ed68737847d4206e8d2986501", "text": "Jawaharlal Nehru Jawaharlal Nehru ( -LSB- ˈneɪruː , _ ˈnɛruː -RSB- -LSB- ˈdʒəʋaːɦərˈlaːl ˈneːɦru -RSB- ; 14 November 1889 -- 27 May 1964 ) was the first Prime Minister of India and a central figure in Indian politics before and after independence . He emerged as the paramount leader of the Indian independence movement under the tutelage of Mahatma Gandhi and ruled India from its establishment as an independent nation in 1947 until his death in 1964 . He is considered to be the architect of the modern Indian nation-state : a sovereign , socialist , secular , and democratic republic . He was also known as Pandit Nehru due to his roots with the Kashmiri Pandit community while many Indian children knew him as Chacha Nehru ( Hindi , lit. , `` Uncle Nehru '' ) . The son of Motilal Nehru , a prominent lawyer and nationalist statesman and Swaroop Rani , Nehru was a graduate of Trinity College , Cambridge and the Inner Temple , where he trained to be a barrister . Upon his return to India , he enrolled at the Allahabad High Court , and took an interest in national politics , which eventually replaced his legal practice . A committed nationalist since his teenage years , he became a rising figure in Indian politics during the upheavals of the 1910s . He became the prominent leader of the left-wing factions of the Indian National Congress during the 1920s , and eventually of the entire Congress , with the tacit approval of his mentor , Gandhi . As Congress President in 1929 , Nehru called for complete independence from the British Raj and instigated the Congress 's decisive shift towards the left . Nehru and the Congress dominated Indian politics during the 1930s as the country moved towards independence . His idea of a secular nation-state was seemingly validated when the Congress , under his leadership , swept the 1937 provincial elections and formed the government in several provinces ; on the other hand , the separatist Muslim League fared much poorer . But these achievements were seriously compromised in the aftermath of the Quit India Movement in 1942 , which saw the British effectively crush the Congress as a political organisation . Nehru , who had reluctantly heeded Gandhi 's call for immediate independence , for he had desired to support the Allied war effort during World War II , came out of a lengthy prison term to a much altered political landscape . The Muslim League under his old Congress colleague and now bête noire , Muhammad Ali Jinnah , had come to dominate Muslim politics in India . Negotiations between Nehru and Jinnah for power sharing failed and gave way to the independence and bloody partition of India in 1947 . Nehru was elected by the Congress to assume office as independent India 's first Prime Minister , although the question of leadership had been settled as far back as 1941 , when Gandhi acknowledged Nehru as his political heir and successor . As Prime Minister , he set out to realise his vision of India . The Constitution of India was enacted in 1950 , after which he embarked on an ambitious program of economic , social and political reforms . Chiefly , he oversaw India 's transition from a colony to a republic , while nurturing a plural , multi-party system . In foreign policy , he took a leading role in the Non-Aligned Movement while projecting India as a regional hegemon in South Asia . Under Nehru 's leadership , the Congress emerged as a catch-all party , dominating national and state-level politics and winning consecutive elections in 1951 , 1957 , and 1962 . He remained popular with the people of India in spite of political troubles in his final years and failure of leadership during the 1962 Sino-Indian War . In India , his birthday is celebrated as Children 's Day .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "feb6b0f4623e12da077a49a40a81b4be", "text": "Manubhai Shah Manubhai Shah ( 1915-2000 ) was an Indian politician who played an important political and developmental role in independent India for over half a century . He was a Member of Saurashtra Legislative Assembly from 1948 to 1956 and served as Minister of Finance , Planning and Industries , in the State Government , and was Union Cabinet Minister in the governments of Jawaharlal Nehru , Lal Bahadur Shastri and Indira Gandhi having held portfolios such as industries , commerce and foreign trade . An active social and political worker , Manubhai was an institution builder and initiated a wide range of educational , social , infrastructure , research and industrial institutions in India .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1b0dc2f0a09f6be55ef45f901c7ee8be", "text": "Rajesh Pilot Rajesh Pilot ( born Rajeshwar Prasad Singh Bidhuri 1945 -- 2000 ) was an Indian politician and a minister in the Government of India . He belonged to the Indian National Congress party and represented the Dausa constituency in Lok Sabha . His original name was Rajesh Bidhuri . Rajesh Pilot was born in Viadpura , a village in Ghaziabad District of Uttar Pradesh , to an armyman . His birthname was Rajeshwar Prasad Singh Bidhuri . He was brought up in the poor family of his uncle , in Delhi . Before joining politics , he served as a pilot in Indian Air Force , reaching the rank of squadron leader . Later , he adopted `` Pilot '' as his surname name . Rajesh Pilot resigned from his post of squadron leader to join politics , under the influence of his friend Rajiv Gandhi , who later became the Prime Minister of India . He emerged as a major Gurjar leader . In his first election as a candidate , Pilot defeated the former queen of Bharatpur . He sent Chandraswami to prison when he was the Internal Security Minister . Later , he lost the election for the post of the Congress president to Sitaram Kesri , but kept himself in the first line of Congress leaders . Rajesh Pilot died on 11 June 2000 in a car accident near Jaipur . India Post has issued a commemorative postage stamps of Rs . 5.00 on 11th June 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3b7ba7e64da485f177f44a6918545efc", "text": "Prime Minister of Pakistan The Prime Minister of Pakistan ( -LSB- -- , -LSB- ʋəˈziːr-ˌeː ˈɑː.zəm -RSB- ; lit . `` Grand Vizier '' ) , is the head of government of Pakistan and designated as the `` chief executive of the Republic '' . The Prime Minister leads the executive branch of the government , oversees the economic growth , heads the Council of Common Interests as well as the Cabinet , and is vested with the command authority over the nuclear arsenals . This position places its holder in leadership of the nation and in control over all matters of internal and foreign policy . The incumbent Prime Minister is Nawaz Sharif -- a presiding figure of the conservative Pakistan Muslim League ( N ) . The Prime Minister is elected by the members of the National Assembly and therefore is usually the leader of the majority party in the parliament . The Constitution of Pakistan vests the executive powers in the Prime Minister who is responsible for appointing the Cabinet as well as running the executive branch , taking and authorising executive decisions , appointments and recommendations that require executive confirmation of the Prime Minister . Constitutionally , the Prime Minister serves as the chief adviser to President of Pakistan on critical matters and plays an influential role in appointment in each branch and the military leadership as well as ensuring the control of the military through chairman joint chiefs . Powers of the Prime Minister have significantly grown with a delicate system of the check and balance by each branch . The position was absent during years of 1960 -- 73 and 1977-85 due to imposed martial law . In each of these periods , the military junta led by the President had the powers of the Prime Minister .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3a4ba424c62417792fcff236d6c1c27f", "text": "Ashish Bose Ashish Bose ( 12 July 1930 -- 7 April 2014 ) was a prominent Indian demographer and economic analyst . He was Honorary ( Emeritus ) Professor at the Institute of Economic Growth in Delhi , where he headed the Population Research Centre for several years . He is credited with coining the term BIMARU for Bihar , MP , Rajasthan and UP collectively . Through his long academic career , he lectured extensively on demography across the world , and taught at New Delhi 's Jawaharlal Nehru University , the National Academy of Administration , Mussoorie and the National Defence College , New Delhi . A member of several government commissions on population and development issues , Prof Bose was a keen participant in international conferences on these issues in India and abroad . He was advisor on demographic and census issues to various Indian prime ministers starting with Rajiv Gandhi . The author and editor of 25 books , he was a regular contributor to the Economic and Political Weekly , Health for the Millions and Power Politics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7a0f8c3340cccda6dd14eada41d559d5", "text": "Politics (magazine 1944–1949) politics was a journal founded and edited by Dwight Macdonald from 1944 to 1949 . Macdonald had previously been editor at Partisan Review from 1937 to 1943 , but after falling out with its publishers , quit to start politics as a rival publication , first on a monthly basis and then as a quarterly . politics published essays on politics and culture and included among its contributors James Agee , John Berryman , Bruno Bettelheim , Paul Goodman , C. Wright Mills , Mary McCarthy , Marianne Moore , Irving Howe , Daniel Bell , Hannah Arendt . The journal reflected Macdonald 's interest in European culture . He used politics to introduce US readers to the thinking of the French philosopher Simone Weil , publishing several articles by her , including `` A Poem of Force '' , her reflections on the Iliad . He also printed work by Albert Camus . Another European , the Italian political and literary critic Nicola Chiaromonte , was also given space in the journal . politics was also Macdonald 's vehicle for his repeated and energetic attacks against Henry Wallace and his Progressive Party campaign for President . In a letter to Philip Rahv at the end of December 1943 , George Orwell mentioned that Macdonald had written asking him to contribute to his forthcoming journal . Orwell had replied telling him he might `` do something ` cultural ' '' but not ` political ' as he was already writing his `` London Letters '' to Partisan Review . In his `` As I Please '' article for the 16 June 1944 issue of Tribune , George Orwell recommended politics . He stated that he disagreed with its policy but admired `` its combination of highbrow political analysis with intelligent literary criticism . '' He went on to add that there were no monthly or quarterly magazines in England `` to come up to '' the American ones , of which there were several . Macdonald , in an editorial comment for the November 1944 issue of politics referred to a letter from Orwell which cast interesting light on the ` russification ' of English political thought over the last two years . Orwell had read the May issue 's review of Harold Laski 's Faith , Reason and Civilisation and mentioned that the Manchester Evening News , the evening edition of the Manchester Guardian , had refused to print his own review because of its anti-Stalin implications . Despite considering the book `` pernicious tripe '' , Orwell had praised the author for being `` aware that the USSR is the real dynamo of the Socialist movement in this country and everywhere else . '' , but criticized him for shutting his eyes to `` purges , liquidations '' , etc. . Macdonald pointed out that the fact that such a review should be considered `` too hot '' shows how much the feats of the Red Army had misled the English public opinion about Russia . He added that the `` English liberal press had been far more honest about the Moscow Trials than our own liberal journals '' and that Trotsky had been able to write in the Guardian .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7517a03eef8370db178993c3df299137", "text": "Gopal Singh Nepali Gopal Singh Nepali ( 1902 -- 17 April1963 ) was an eminent Bihari Indian poet of Hindi literature and a famous lyricist of Bollywood . His association with Bollywood spanned around two decades , beginning in 1944 and ended with his death in 1963 . He was a poet of post-Chhayavaad period , and he wrote several collections of Hindi poems including `` Umang '' ( published in 1933 ) . He was also a journalist and edited at least four Hindi magazines , namely , Ratlam Times , Chitrapat , Sudha , and Yogi . He was born in Bettiah in the state of Bihar . Although he was of Nepali descent , he did not have much of his heritage . During Sino-Indian War of 1962 , he wrote many patriotic songs and poems which include Savan , Kalpana , Neelima , Naveen Kalpana Karo , etc. . He is also known for his seminal volume `` The Newars : An Ethno-Sociological Study of a Himalayan Community '' ( 1965 ) , made into a book from his doctoral dissertation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4b51d891e3020a37d4a4eb87175d3ce4", "text": "3rd Lok Sabha List of Members of the 3rd Lok Sabha , ( 2 April 1962 -- 3 March 1967 ) elected February -- March 1962 . The Lok Sabha ( House of the People ) is the lower house in the Parliament of India . The election was held for 494 seats out of which Indian national congress won 361 seats . Jawaharlal Nehru was Prime Minister as in 1st Lok Sabha and 2nd Lok Sabha , till his death on 27 May 1964 . Gulzarilal Nanda became action Prime Minister for 13 days , before Lal Bahadur Shastri became Prime Minister on 9th June 1964 . After Shastri 's death on 11 January 1966 , Nanda became acting Prime Minister again for 13 days . Later Indira Gandhi , Rajya Sabha member from Uttar Pradesh became Prime Minister on 24 January 1966 . The next 4th Lok Sabha was constituted on 4th March 1967 after Indian general election , 1967 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7efbc97748ae14595551692cbf9e424b", "text": "Hijli Detention Camp Hijli Detention Camp ( now called Shaheed Bhavan , IIT Kharagpur ) , is a former detention camp during British rule in India . Located in Hijli , beside Kharagpur , ( a part of former Hijli Kingdom ) in the district of Midnapore West , West Bengal , India , it played a significant role in the struggle against the British Raj in the early 20th century . The large numbers of those who participated in the armed struggle or the non-cooperation movement could not be accommodated in ordinary jails . The British Government decided to establish a few detention camps ; the first one was located in Buxa Fort followed by the creation of Hijli Detention Camp in 1930 . A significant moment in the struggle against British rule occurred at here in 1931 when two unarmed detainees , Santosh Kumar Mitra and Tarakeswar Sengupta , were shot dead by the British Police . Subhas Chandra Bose came to Hijli to collect their bodies . Many national leaders , including Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore , voiced strong protests against the British Raj over this incident . The firing which later known as `` Hijli firing '' is the only incident of police firing inside a jail/detention camp . The detention camp was closed in 1937 and was reopened in 1940 . In 1942 it was closed for the final time and the detainees were transferred elsewhere . During World War II it was occupied by US Air Force . Today , the camp is also known for being the birthplace of Indian Institute of Technology - Kharagpur , which stated it 1951 . In 1990 , a part of the former detention camp buildings were converted to house the Nehru Museum of Science and Technology .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "763732c7463234a9c296bba314ecf8e4", "text": "Great Depression in India The Great Depression of 1929 had a very severe impact on India , which was then under the rule of the British Raj . The Government of British India adopted a protective trade policy which , though beneficial to the United Kingdom , caused great damage to the Indian economy . During the period 1929 -- 1937 , exports and imports fell drastically crippling seaborne international trade . The railways and the agricultural sector were the most affected . The international financial crisis combined with detrimental policies adopted by the Government of India resulted in soaring prices of commodities . High prices along with the stringent taxes prevalent in British India had a dreadful impact on most Indians . The discontent of farmers manifested itself in rebellions and riots . The Salt Satyagraha of 1930 was one of the measures undertaken as a response to heavy taxation during the Great Depression . The Great Depression and the economic policies of the Government of British India worsened already deteriorating Indo-British relations . When the first general elections were held according to the Government of India Act 1935 , anti-British feelings resulted in the pro-independence Indian National Congress winning in most provinces with a very high percentage of the vote share .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "133ee904c697ff3ae65a82fc3cfe57a9", "text": "Post–World War II demobilization strikes Post -- World War II demobilization strikes occurred within Allied military forces stationed across the Middle East , India and South-East Asia in the months and years following World War II . American military personnel based in occupied Germany were holding mass parades for speedier demobilization and in the Philippines formed soldiers committees and went on demonstrations calling for a return home . In India , thousands of Royal Air Force servicemen pushed for demobilization and went on strike citing grievances over conditions of work such as deaths in high temperatures in Cawnpore ( station : 322 MU Cawnpore ) and overcrowding at RAF Jodhpur . A ` Forces Parliament ' was set up - effectively a workers ' council , but was dissolved before the issues came to a head . The issue was a major subject of debate in the British Parliament . At one point Prime Minister Clement Attlee was presented with a petition by India-stationed servicemen that stated : `` We have done the job we joined up to do . Now we want to get back home , both for personal reasons and because we think it is by work that we can best help Britain . No indication has been given of when we will see our families again . Is it because the government wishes to talk tough with other powers ? '' Some brigades in India were disbanded as they were viewed as `` politically unreliable '' suggesting that in event of being used to put down disturbances they would have refused . The Conservatives demanded to know whether the new Labour government thought there was any difference between a strike and a mutiny . Some ` agitators ' or strike leaders were jailed , but public pressure through MPs led to their early release or reduction in sentences .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a13a167f26fa48ad4e415f16a19a225", "text": "Ghadar Party The Ghadar Party was an organisation founded by Punjabi-Sikhs , principally Sikhs in the United States and Canada with the aim of securing India 's independence from British rule . Key members included , Sohan Singh Bhakna , Kartar Singh Sarabha , Abdul Hafiz Mohamed Barakatullah and Rashbehari Bose . Projection of Lal Hardyal as ` brain ' behind , the Ghadar movement has been disputed by reputed historian Ajmer Singh as ` an implicit attempt to reject and subsume the Sikh identity of the Ghadar leaders into pan-Indian identity ' . He quotes Baba Bhakna as saying in his autobiography that ` Lala Hardyal was most intelligent person but had no consistency and perseverance of a fighter ... ... ... . . and he was hired only to edit the Ghadar newspaper where he worked only for six months ... ... . . and then left for Germany thereafter not to come back to US again ' . During stay in Germany , Lala Hardyal lost his earlier anti-British fervor , rather , began singing paeans of the British and later wrote a book in their praise which was freely distributed in India by the British administration . After the outbreak of World War I , Ghadar party members returned to Punjab to agitate for rebellion alongside the Babbar Akali Movement . In 1915 they conducted revolutionary activities in central Punjab and organised uprisings . Their presence challenged the hold of the British Empire ; police surveillance in Punjabi villages increased in an attempt to crush the rebellion . The party is known for setting the foundation for future Indian revolutionary movements and served as a stepping stone for independence . Though predominantly Sikh , the party included members and leaders of many religions , demonstrating an accepting and democratic attitude towards all people as they united in their patriotism . After the conclusion of the war , the party in America split into Communist and Anti-Communist factions . The party was formally dissolved in 1948 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a6730d623861b6a1a072d787c38d563", "text": "Economy of Punjab, India According to the 2008 Global Hunger Index , Punjab has the lowest level of hunger in India . Less than one-fourth of children below the age of five are underweight , although Punjab `` came off worse than countries like Gabon and Vietnam when measured on the index '' . Punjab has relatively good infrastructure . This includes road , rail , air and river transport links that are extensive throughout the region . Punjab has also one of the lowest poverty rate in India at 6.16 % ( 1999-2000 figures ) , and has won the best state performance award , based on statistical data compiled by the Indian Government . In 2012 , the state was one of the highest receiver of overall remittances to India which stood at $ 66.13 billion ( 4547429450000.00 Indian Rupees ) , below Kerala , Tamil Nadu and Uttar Pradesh .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "162b6cbdbb1c74d7b17a14f0d0d84c51", "text": "S. A. Ayer Subbier Appadurai Ayer ( 14 April 1898 -- 1 April 1980 ) was the Minister for Publicity and Propaganda in Subhas Chandra Bose 's Azad Hind Government between 1943 and 1945 , and later a key defence witness during the first of the INA trials . Ayer had travelled to Bangkok in November 1940 as a Special correspondent for Reuters before joining the Indian Independence League . In October 1943 , Ayer was appointed the Minister of publicity and propaganda in the nascent Azad Hind Government . Following the successful Allied Burma Campaign and the fall of Rangoon , Ayer retreated out of Burma with Bose and about 100 members of the Rani of Jhansi Regiment by foot for Bangkok and onwards to Singapore . After the Japanese surrender , Ayer was chosen to leave Singapore for an unknown destination together with Bose and two other members of the Azad Hind cabinet . On Bose 's last flight from Formosa to an unknown destination , there was no room for Ayer . The plane crashed on August 17 , 1945 and Bose died the following day . Ayer was flown from Tokyo to Delhi in November 1945 to give evidence in the Red Fort Trials and became a key defence witness in the first trial . In 1951 , Ayer published his personal accounts of the Indian National Army and Subhas Chandra Bose called `` Unto Him a Witness : The Story of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose in East Asia , Bombay , 1951 '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1313f09f907d377ccc30a91d46aaeb8f", "text": "Prime Minister of India The Prime Minister of India ( Hindi : भारत के प्रधानमन्त्री , Bhārat kē Pradhānamantrī ) is the head of government and leader of the executive branch of the Government of India . The Prime Minister is also the chief adviser to the President of India and head of the Council of Ministers . They can be a member of any of the two houses of Parliament ( the Lok Sabha or the Rajya Sabha ) , but has to be the leader of the political party , having a majority in the Lok Sabha . The Prime Minister is the senior member of cabinet in the executive branch of government in a parliamentary system . The Prime Minister selects and can dismiss other members of the cabinet ; allocates posts to members within the Government ; is the presiding member and chairman of the cabinet . The federal or union cabinet headed by the Prime Minister is appointed by the President of India to assist the latter in the administration of the affairs of the executive . Union cabinet is collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha as per Article 75 ( 3 ) . The Prime Minister shall always enjoy the confidence of Lok Sabha and shall resign if they are unable to prove majority when instructed by the President .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cfcae939d9ef44a09feeee3e5d5bfe66", "text": "Poona Pact The Poona Pact refers to an agreement between Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar and Mahatma Gandhi signed on 24 September 1932 at Yerwada Central Jail in Pune , India . It was signed by Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya and Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar and some other leaders to break the fast unto death undertaken by Gandhi in Yerwada prison to annul the Macdonald Award giving separate electorates to Dalits for electing members of state legislative assemblies in British India . History of the Poona Pact The British invited leaders of different parties in the Round Table Conferences in 1930-32 to draft a new law involving self-rule for the Indians . Mahatma Gandhi did not attend the first and the last but attended the second of the Conferences . The concept of separate electorates for the untouch was raised by Ambedkar . Similar provisions were already available for other minorities , including Muslims , Christians , Anglo-Indians and Sikhs . The British government agreed with Ambedkar 's contention and British Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald 's Communal Award to the depressed classes was to be incorporated into the constitution in the governance of British India . Gandhi strongly opposed the Communal Award on the grounds that it would disintegrate Hindu society . Ambedkar vehemently criticised the way of handling the problems of the Harijans by Gandhiji . Gandhi took up a fast unto death in his prison cell in Poona , protesting that separate electorates were a device which would separate the untouchables from the Hindu society forever . He began an indefinite hunger strike at Yerwada Central Jail from 20 September 1932 to protest against this Award . A compromise was reached on 24 September 1932 . The text uses the term `` Depressed Classes '' to denote Untouchables who were later called Scheduled Castes under India Act 1935 , and the later Indian Constitution of 1950 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1c6d388ddd82986db37f60a40532ed66", "text": "Yahya Khan Agha Muhammad Yahya Khan ( -LSB- ; 4 February 1917 -- 10 August 1980 ) , widely known as Yahya Khan , , was a Pakistani military leader , martial law administrator , and the President of Pakistan , serving in this post from 1969 until turning over his presidency in 1971 . His presidency witnessed the breaking-up the unity of Pakistan from being the largest Muslim country in the world to economic and military collapse through a foreign intervention in 1971 . Participated in the Mediterranean theatre of World War II on behalf of Great Britain 's British Indian Army , he opted for Pakistan when joining its military after the United Kingdom partitioned the India in 1947 , and helped executing the covert infiltration in Indian Kashmir that sparked the war with India in 1965 . After controversially appointed to assume the army command , Yahya Khan took over the presidency and enforced martial law by suspending the constitution in 1969 . Holding the nation 's first nationwide elections in 1970 , he delayed the power transition to Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman that inflammed the civil violent unrest in East-Pakistan and authorized the East Pakistani authorities to violently suppressed the rebellion while trying restoring the law and order in West-Pakistan . Due to the reports of the Bhola disaster , widespread genocide directly at the hands of the military , and persecution of Western Pakistanis by rebellious Mukti Bahini , the crises deepened under Yahya administration with India consolidating its moral and political position in the global politics . Pakistan suffered a decisive defeat from East Pakistan and India in the Liberation War of 1971 , which saw the annihilation of Eastern Command , loss of geopolitical influence in the Muslim world , and the succession of East Pakistan as Bangladesh -- thus break-up of unity of Pakistan . Following these events , he turned over the leadership of the country to Zulfikar Ali Bhutto and resigned from the command of the military in disgrace . He suffered with further humiliation when he was withdrawn from his service honors and was put on house surveillance for most of 1970s . After being released of his restrictions in 1977 , he died in Rawalpindi in 1980 . He is viewed largely negatively by Pakistani historians , and is considered among the least successful of the country 's leaders .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bcb602f0d19ac7a6beff6c68739ef60a", "text": "P. N. Haksar Parmeshwar Narayan Haksar ( 4 September 1913 -- 25 November 1998 ) was an Indian bureaucrat and diplomat , best known for his six-year stint as Prime Minister Indira Gandhi 's principal secretary ( 1967 -- 73 ) . In that role , Haksar was the chief strategist behind his inexperienced prime minister 's rise to near-absolute power in the mid-1970s . After this he was appointed deputy chairman of the Planning Commission and then the first-ever chancellor of New Delhi 's Jawaharlal Nehru University . An advocate of centralization and socialism , he was a Kashmiri Pandit who became Gandhi 's closest confidant in her inner coterie of bureaucrats , the `` Kashmiri mafia '' . Prior to this , Haksar was a diplomat of the Indian Foreign Service , who served as ambassador to Austria and Nigeria .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1abfba568b0197eb64f032f18516ba95", "text": "Indian general election, 1971 India held general elections to the 5th Lok Sabha in March 1971 . This was the fifth election since independence in 1947 . The 27 Indian states and union territories were represented by 518 constituencies , each with a single seat . Under the leadership of Indira Gandhi , the Indian National Congress ( R ) led a campaign which focussed on reducing poverty and won a landslide victory , overcoming a split in the party and regaining many of the seats lost in the previous election . During her previous term , there had been internal divisions in the Indian National Congress between Indira Gandhi and the party establishment , especially Morarji Desai . In 1969 , she was expelled from the party , causing a split . Most of the Congress MPs and grassroots support joined Gandhi 's Indian National Congress ( R ) faction , which was recognised by the Election Commission as being the successor to the previous party . 31 MPs who opposed Gandhi became the Indian National Congress ( Organization ) party . Despite the split , the Ruling faction gained votes and seats to win a strong majority , whereas the Organization faction lost half of their seats . On 12 June 1975 , the Allahabad High Court invalidated the result in Gandhi 's constituency on the grounds of electoral malpractices . Instead of resigning , Indira Gandhi called a state of emergency , suspending democracy and outlawed political opposition . After democracy was restored in 1977 , the opposition Congress faction formed a coalition of parties called the Janata Party , which inflicted the Congress ' first electoral defeat .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "29390ad39a8d1ffb598d8720db2fe921", "text": "The light has gone out of our lives The light has gone out of our lives is a speech that was delivered ex tempore by Jawaharlal Nehru , the first Prime Minister of India , on January 30 , 1948 following the assassination of Mahatma Gandhi earlier that evening . It is often cited as one of the great speeches in history .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1a1eba0cc0f2b5bbdc2416cac58c4080", "text": "Kashmir conflict The Kashmir conflict is a territorial conflict primarily between India and Pakistan , having started just after the partition of India in 1947 . China has at times played a minor role . India and Pakistan have fought three wars over Kashmir , including the Indo-Pakistani Wars of 1947 and 1965 , as well as the Kargil War of 1999 . The two countries have also been involved in several skirmishes over control of the Siachen Glacier . India claims the entire state of Jammu and Kashmir , and , , administers approximately 43 % of the region . It controls Jammu , the Kashmir Valley , Ladakh , and the Siachen Glacier . India 's claims are contested by Pakistan , which administers approximately 37 % of Jammu and Kashmir , namely Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan . China currently administers Demchok district , the Shaksgam Valley , and the Aksai Chin region . China 's claim over these territories has been disputed by India since China took Aksai Chin during the Sino-Indian War of 1962 . The present conflict is in Kashmir Valley . The root of conflict between the Kashmiri insurgents and the Indian government is tied to a dispute over local autonomy and based on the demand for self-determination . Democratic development was limited in Kashmir until the late 1970s , and by 1988 , many of the democratic reforms introduced by the Indian Government had been reversed . Non-violent channels for expressing discontent were thereafter limited and caused a dramatic increase in support for insurgents advocating violent secession from India . In 1987 , a disputed state election created a catalyst for the insurgency when it resulted in some of the state 's legislative assembly members forming armed insurgent groups . In July 1988 a series of demonstrations , strikes and attacks on the Indian Government began the Kashmir Insurgency . Although thousands of people have died as a result of the turmoil in Jammu and Kashmir , the conflict has become less deadly in recent years . Protest movements created to voice Kashmir 's disputes and grievances with the Indian government , specifically the Indian Military , have been active in Jammu and Kashmir since 1989 . Elections held in 2008 were generally regarded as fair by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and had a high voter turnout in spite of calls by separatist militants for a boycott . The election resulted in the creation of the pro-India Jammu and Kashmir National Conference , which then formed a government in the state . According to Voice of America , many analysts have interpreted the high voter turnout in this election as a sign that the people of Kashmir endorsed Indian rule in the state . But in 2010 unrest erupted after alleged fake encounter of local youth with security force . Thousands of youths pelted security forces with rocks , burned government offices and attacked railway stations and official vehicles in steadily intensifying violence . The Indian government blamed separatists and Lashkar-e-Taiba , a Pakistan-based militant group for stoking the 2010 protests . Elections held in 2014 saw highest voters turnout in 26 years of history in Jammu and Kashmir . However , analysts explain that the high voter turnout in Kashmir is not an endorsement of Indian rule by the Kashmiri population , rather most people vote for daily issues such as food and electricity . An opinion poll conducted by the Chatham House international affairs think tank found that in the Kashmir valley -- the mainly Muslim area in Indian Kashmir at the centre of the insurgency -- support for independence varies between 74 % to 95 % in its various districts . Support for remaining with India was , however , extremely high in predominantly Hindu Jammu and Buddhist Ladakh . Indian forces have committed many human rights abuses and acts of terror against Kashmiri civilian population including extrajudicial killing , rape , torture and enforced disappearances . Crimes by militants have also happened but are not comparable in scale with the crimes of Indian forces . According to Amnesty International , as of June 2015 , no member of the Indian military deployed in Jammu and Kashmir has been tried for human rights violations in a civilian court , although there have been military court martials held . Amnesty International welcomed this move but cautioned that justice should be consistently delivered and prosecutions of security forces personnel be held in civilian courts . Amnesty International has also accused the Indian government of refusing to prosecute perpetrators of abuses in the region . Kashmir 's accession to India was provisional , and conditional on a plebiscite , and for this reason had a different constitutional status to other Indian states . In October 2015 Jammu and Kashmir High Court said that article 370 is `` permanent '' and Jammu and Kashmir did not merge with India the way other princely states merged but retained special status and limited sovereignty under Indian constitution . In 2016 ( 8 July 2016 -- present ) unrest erupted after killing of a Hizbul Mujahideen militant Burhan Wani by Indian security forces .", "title": "" } ]
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ba0e70ff212ef41a937382b136a73ce7
Michelle Rodriguez acted in a TV series that originally aired on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC).
[ { "docid": "3001bd35efd07ebe934dd1f19904584a", "text": "Michelle Rodriguez Mayte Michelle Rodriguez ( -LSB- rɑːˈdriːgɛz -RSB- born July 12 , 1978 ) is an American actress and screenwriter . Her breakout role was as a troubled boxer in the independent film Girlfight ( 2000 ) , which was met with critical acclaim and earned her several awards , including the Independent Spirit Award and Gotham Award for Best Debut Performance . The following year , she starred as Letty in the blockbuster film The Fast and the Furious ( 2001 ) , a role she has reprised in four additional films in the Fast and Furious franchise to date . During her career , Rodriguez has played in a number of successful action films , including Resident Evil , S.W.A.T. , and Avatar . Rodriguez also branched into television , playing Ana Lucia Cortez in the second season of the television series Lost . She has also had numerous voice work appearances in video games such as Call of Duty and Halo , and lent her voice for the 3D animated film Turbo and the television series IGPX . With her films grossing over $ 5 billion ( U.S. ) collectively , a 2013 Entertainment Weekly article described Rodriguez as `` arguably the most iconic actress in the action genre , as well as one of the most visible Latinas in Hollywood '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8f4646eecd4ee9e6a81107bcacb16315", "text": "Lost (TV series) Lost is an American television drama series that originally aired on the American Broadcasting Company ( ABC ) from September 22 , 2004 , to May 23 , 2010 , over six seasons , comprising a total of 121 episodes . Lost is a drama series containing elements of science fiction and the supernatural . It follows the survivors of the crash of a commercial passenger jet , flying between Sydney and Los Angeles , on a mysterious tropical island somewhere in the South Pacific Ocean . The story is told in a heavily serialized manner . Episodes typically feature a primary storyline set on the island , augmented by flashback or flashforward sequences which provide additional insight into the involved character ( s ) . Lost was created by Jeffrey Lieber , J. J. Abrams and Damon Lindelof , who share story-writing credits for the pilot episode , which Abrams directed . Throughout the show 's run , Lindelof and Carlton Cuse served as showrunners and head writers , working together with a large number of other executive producers and writers . Due to its large ensemble cast and the cost of filming primarily on location in Oahu , Hawaii , the series was one of the most expensive on television , with the pilot alone costing over $ 14 million . The fictional universe and mythology of Lost are expanded upon by a number of related media , most importantly , a series of short mini-episodes called Missing Pieces , and a 12-minute epilogue titled `` The New Man in Charge '' . Having achieved both wide acclaim and commercial success throughout its original run , Lost has been consistently ranked by critics as one of the greatest television dramas of all time . The first season garnered an estimated average of 16 million viewers per episode on ABC . During its sixth and final season , the show averaged over 11 million U.S. viewers per episode . Lost was the recipient of hundreds of industry award nominations throughout its run and won numerous of these awards , including the Emmy Award for Outstanding Drama Series in 2005 , Best American Import at the British Academy Television Awards in 2005 , the Golden Globe Award for Best Drama in 2006 , and a Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Ensemble in a Drama Series . Users of IMDb.com Pro gave Lost the highest average ranking for any television series during the first ten years ( 2002 -- 2012 ) of that website 's operation .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "3435b76a83277a7d6f10a26e780206ed", "text": "The Secret Life of the American Teenager (season 2) The second season of The Secret Life of the American Teenager , an American television series created by Brenda Hampton , debuted on the ABC Family television network on Monday , June 22 , 2009 at 8:00 PM . Season two regular cast members include Shailene Woodley , India Eisley , Daren Kagasoff , Francia Raisa , Kenny Baumann , Molly Ringwald , Mark Derwin , Megan Park , and Greg Finley II . Following the first season , Jorge Pallo and Luke Zimmerman were demoted to recurring guest stars . Jorge returned for a select number of episodes to wrap up his character 's storyline and eventually departed the series after its January return . Following the success of its first season , ABC Family announced on January 31 , 2009 , plans to renew Secret Life , following the cancellation of its hit sci-fi TV show , Kyle XY . The official press release was released on February 9 with ABC Family ordering 24 episodes for season two . Season 2 began with 12 episodes broadcast starting June 22 , 2009 . Though marketed as the season finale , the mid season finale aired on September 7 , 2009 , with the second half of the season returning on January 4 , 2010 . The second 12 episodes finished their run on March 22 , 2010 . The season premiere of Secret Life brought in the largest audience for the show so far , with a record breaking 4.68 million viewers . It brought in the second largest audience in adults 18-34 with 1.40 million viewers , behind season one 's mid-season finale . 2.10 million adults 18-49 watched `` The Big One '' along with 1.60 million females between the ages 18 -- 34 . The season premiere remains the number one scripted original premiere of Summer 2009 in Adults 18-34 . Furthermore , the mid-season premiere became ABC Family 's most watched telecast of all time with viewers ages 12 -- 34 with more than three million viewers watching . The mid-season premiere also brought in the show 's second largest audience in total viewers , with more than 4.55 million people watching . This season , Amy Juergens must deal with juggling motherhood and high school , while her family and friends experience relationship challenges of their own .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "21e3ea1d34b486fc70b45102c3d909e8", "text": "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon , Jed Whedon , and Maurissa Tancharoen , based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D. ( Strategic Homeland Intervention , Enforcement and Logistics Division ) , a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes . It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe ( MCU ) , sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise . The series stars Clark Gregg , reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films , as well as Ming-Na Wen , Brett Dalton , Chloe Bennet , Iain De Caestecker , and Elizabeth Henstridge . Nick Blood and Adrianne Palicki joined the cast for the second and third seasons , while Henry Simmons and Luke Mitchell had recurring roles in the second season before being promoted to the main cast for the third . John Hannah , who recurred in the third season , joined the main cast in the fourth . Additionally , several other characters from Marvel Cinematic Universe films and Marvel One-Shots also appear throughout the series , along with other characters based on various Marvel Comics properties . Several characters from the series also appear in the supplemental digital series Marvel 's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. : Slingshot . This list includes the series ' main cast , all guest stars deemed to have had recurring roles throughout the series , and any other guest who is otherwise notable .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "68fb86fb125294b15cb2af8a748a6f8a", "text": "L.A. Law L.A. Law is an American television legal drama series that ran for eight seasons on NBC , from September 15 , 1986 , to May 19 , 1994 . Created by Steven Bochco and Terry Louise Fisher , it contained many of Bochco 's trademark features including an ensemble cast , large number of parallel storylines , social drama , and off-the-wall humor . It reflected the social and cultural ideologies of the 1980s and early 1990s , and many of the cases featured on the show dealt with hot-topic issues such as capital punishment , abortion , racism , gay rights , homophobia , sexual harassment , AIDS , and domestic violence . The series often also reflected social tensions between the wealthy senior lawyer protagonists and their less well-paid junior staff . In addition to its main cast , L.A. Law was also well known for featuring then relatively unknown actors and actresses in guest starring roles , who later went on to greater success in film and television including : Don Cheadle , Jeffrey Tambor , Kathy Bates , David Schwimmer , Jay O. Sanders , James Avery , Gates McFadden , Bryan Cranston , C.C.H. Pounder , Kevin Spacey , Richard Schiff , Carrie-Anne Moss , William H. Macy , Stephen Root , Christian Slater , and Lucy Liu . Several episodes of the show also included celebrities such as Vanna White , Buddy Hackett and Mamie Van Doren appearing as themselves in cameo roles . The show was popular with audiences and critics , and won 15 Emmy Awards throughout its run , four of which were for Outstanding Drama Series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b9c8fcb24f1f2746d86b6294761bf670", "text": "A&E Networks A&E Networks ( branded as A+E Networks ) is an American media company that owns a group of television channels available via cable & satellite in the U.S. and abroad . A&E stands for Arts & Entertainment . The company is a joint venture with Hearst and Disney-ABC Television Group , a unit of the Disney Media Networks subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a52507c6c0a87a6f26760742212e80f", "text": "10-8: Officers on Duty 10-8 : Officers on Duty is an American police drama television series . The series aired on ABC from September 28 , 2003 to January 25 , 2004 . The title is in reference to the ten-code for `` officer in service and available for calls . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b34d5f595b394d5680f6eb83bd6eadf2", "text": "List of Sports Night characters Sports Night is an American comedy-drama which aired on ABC from September 1998 until May 2000 . The show goes behind the scenes at a fictional network sports round-up show , akin to ESPN show Sports Center , and the interactions on and off screen between the eccentric characters .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d406e4256aeea5c0697bfab1baf4e140", "text": "That's My Mama That 's My Mama is an American television sitcom that was originally broadcast on the ABC network from September 4 , 1974 until December 24 , 1975 . There are 39 episodes of this series . That 's My Mama was never a ratings success . It was not one of the top 30 most-watched U.S. programs in the Nielsen ratings for either the 1974 -- 75 or 1975 -- 76 television seasons . As a result , the series ended on Christmas Eve of 1975 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d763240410adc4b7e91b929035503a48", "text": "Mind Games (TV series) Mind Games is an American drama television series created by Kyle Killen that aired on ABC . The show is about two brothers who run a problem solving firm called Edwards And Associates that employs solutions based on psychological manipulation . It premiered on February 25 , 2014 , and was canceled on March 27 , 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2dae3442feec28426be40310cd86a962", "text": "In Case of Emergency (TV series) In Case of Emergency is an American half-hour sitcom television series shown on ABC in the United States . The series follows a group of high school acquaintances whose lives have not turned out as they hoped . It premiered on January 3 , 2007 , at 9:30 pm and ended on April 11 , 2007 . The pilot episode was directed by Jon Favreau and the cast included Jonathan Silverman , David Arquette , Lori Loughlin , Kelly Hu , and Greg Germann . ABC gave early renewal notices to several of its series on March 21 , 2007 but In Case of Emergency was not one of them . On April 12 , 2007 , ABC announced that the show had been officially cancelled , leaving one episode unaired , which has since been broadcast internationally .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9667debada837220e171b0ef54f710bd", "text": "Ally McBeal Ally McBeal is an American legal comedy-drama television series , originally aired on Fox from September 8 , 1997 to May 20 , 2002 . Created by David E. Kelley , the series stars Calista Flockhart in the title role as a young lawyer working in the fictional Boston law firm Cage and Fish , with other young lawyers whose lives and loves were eccentric , humorous and dramatic . The series received critical acclaim in its early seasons , winning the Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series -- Musical or Comedy in 1997 and 1998 , and also winning the Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy Series in 1999 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "099ee3a77bbfd07b11206802b6634ecd", "text": "Desperate Housewives Desperate Housewives is an American television comedy-drama and mystery series created by Marc Cherry , and produced by ABC Studios and Cherry Productions . It originally aired for eight seasons on ABC , from October 3 , 2004 to May 13 , 2012 . Executive producer Cherry served as showrunner . Other executive producers since the fourth season included Bob Daily , George W. Perkins , John Pardee , Joey Murphy , David Grossman , and Larry Shaw . Set on Wisteria Lane , a street in the fictional town of Fairview in the fictional Eagle State , Desperate Housewives follows the lives of a group of women as seen through the eyes of their late friend and neighbor who committed suicide in the pilot episode . The storyline covers 13 years of the women 's lives over eight seasons , set between the years 2004 -- 2008 , and later 2013 -- 2017 ( the story arc includes a five-year passage of time , as well as flashbacks ranging from the 1980s to the 2020s ) . They work through domestic struggles and family life , while facing the secrets , crimes and mysteries hidden behind the doors of their -- on the surface -- beautiful and seemingly perfect suburban neighborhood . The series features an ensemble cast , headed by Teri Hatcher as Susan Mayer , Felicity Huffman as Lynette Scavo , Marcia Cross as Bree Van de Kamp , and Eva Longoria as Gabrielle Solis . Brenda Strong narrates the series as the late Mary Alice Young , appearing sporadically in flashbacks or dream sequences . Desperate Housewives was well received by viewers and critics alike . It won multiple Primetime Emmy , Golden Globe and Screen Actors Guild Awards . From the 2004 -- 05 through the 2008 -- 09 television seasons , its first five seasons were rated amongst the top ten most-watched series . In 2007 , it was reported to be the most popular show in its demographic worldwide , with an audience of approximately 120 million and was also reported as the third most watched television series in a study of ratings in twenty countries . In 2012 , it remained the most-watched comedy series internationally based on data from Eurodata TV Worldwide , which measured ratings across five continents ; it has held this position since 2006 . Moreover , it was the third highest revenue earning series for 2010 , with $ 2.74 million per half an hour . The show was ranked at number fifty-six on Entertainment Weekly `` New TV Classics '' list . In 2011 , it was confirmed that Desperate Housewives would conclude after its eighth season ; the series finale aired on May 13 , 2012 . By the end of the series , it had surpassed Charmed as the longest running hour-long television series featuring all female leads by two episodes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0da6d5cf44437615564c3c2c52924257", "text": "Miami Medical Miami Medical ( formerly titled Miami Trauma ) is a medical drama television series that aired on CBS from April 2 to July 2 , 2010 . It follows the professional and private lives of a team of trauma surgeons . The series was created by Jeffrey Lieber and produced by Jerry Bruckheimer Television and Warner Bros. . Television . On May 18 , 2010 , CBS cancelled the series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c1b23095aa472e4b12174478a871d5fe", "text": "All American Girl (2003 TV series) All American Girl is a 2003 reality competition that started with 45 females vying for the title of the same name . In the first episode the field of 45 is cut down to 15 by means of a talent show competition and obstacle course . At the talent show and obstacle course , three coaches ( Geri Halliwell , John Salley , Suzanne de Passe ) decided who the 15 finalists would be . After the 15 finalists were decided , the coaches picked five girls to be on their team for the whole series . During the series , the three teams went through a training camp to train them in a vast array of disciplines that included athletic ability , mental agility , performance in the popular arts and beauty . Each week some of the contestants were cut from the competition until there were only six contestants , followed by another cut down to a final three . The winner was decided by viewer phone voting . The show was hosted by Mitch Mullany . Jessica Felice , a native of Gahanna , Ohio , won the competition . The program started on ABC in midseason 2003 , but due to low ratings ( and one episode having been pre-empted the night of the declaration of the Iraq War ) , ended on the cable network ABC Family with marathons and tie-in programming in an attempt to salvage the series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5296fd007c6a3d2dea13c2d5181fffb8", "text": "Something in the Air (TV series) Something in the Air was an Australian television soap opera transmitted by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation between 2000 and 2002 . It was one of the first programs in Australia that was filmed in widescreen . It won the AACTA Award for Best Television Drama Series in 2001 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "428b10dd0438c60c4a4b728cb82d3674", "text": "Teen drama A teen drama is a genre or type of drama series with a major focus on teenage and young adult characters . It came into prominence in the early 1990s , especially with the popularity of the Fox series Beverly Hills , 90210 . After 90210 became a success , television writers and producers realized the potential for this new genre to reach out to a previously ignored demographic . In the past , most series that maintained a focus on teenagers had been sitcoms , while adolescents in drama series were usually part of a larger ensemble that included adults and children . More often than not , teen dramas have soap opera elements , incorporating one or more ongoing story arcs spanning several episodes . The young characters must deal with the dramatic ups and downs of their friendships and romances while facing an array of issues thought to be typical of adolescence . There have also been many successful teen-based series with major science fiction , fantasy and action/adventure themes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cae6fbeb7d6c9790e4cf7fd462ec87e8", "text": "The Fosters (2013 TV series) The Fosters is an American family drama television series created by Peter Paige and Bradley Bredeweg which first premiered in the United States on June 3 , 2013 on the Freeform ( previously named ABC Family ) television network . It follows the lives of the Foster family led by lesbian couple Stef and Lena , a cop and a school vice principal respectively , who raise a multi-ethnic blended family that consists of one biological and four adopted children in San Diego , California . The first season of The Fosters received generally favorable reviews from critics and also garnered particular acclaim for its portrayal of LGBT themes . It also earned two GLAAD Media Awards and one Teen Choice Award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "767df323f8334df5faee19c120551f27", "text": "Nothing Sacred (TV series) Nothing Sacred is an American drama series that aired from 1997 to 1998 on ABC . The series was created by a Jesuit priest named Bill Cain and producer David Manson .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "831d0da25128d8468dbd0cb680b0e264", "text": "Next Action Star Next Action Star is an American reality television program shown on NBC from June to July 2004 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f6d9cfe12b283ed6f7f7fdba9c187c55", "text": "Raven (U.S. TV series) Raven is an American TV series that originally aired on CBS in 1992 -- 1993 . This hour-long action drama featured martial arts , adventure , humor , mystery and secret societies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "67d6a60734b1f5dcd97f84906607fa87", "text": "Commander in Chief (TV series) Commander in Chief is an American drama television series that focused on the fictional administration and family of Mackenzie Allen ( portrayed by Geena Davis ) , the first female President of the United States , who ascends to the post from the Vice Presidency after the death of the sitting President from a sudden cerebral aneurysm . The series began broadcasting on ABC on Tuesday , September 27 , 2005 , at 9 p.m. Eastern Time , although most countries outside North America began screening the series in mid-2006 . The show was # 1 on Tuesday nights until FOX 's American Idol started in January . The show was also the # 1 new show of the season until CBS ' Criminal Minds surpassed it . Its major competitor in the 9:00 p.m. timeslot was FOX 's House , which aired after American Idol . The series was created by American director Rod Lurie , director of the films The Contender and Deterrence , and may have been inspired by The West Wing , a popular political drama on rival NBC . The network replaced Lurie with Steven Bochco as show runner , but after he failed to increase ratings he was also replaced with Dee Johnson while further declining ratings brought about a hiatus , a timeslot change and ultimately cancellation .", "title": "" } ]
fever
bb6d3748fc45ee75c729bfb583de317e
The script of Captain America: The Winter Soldier was based on Ed Brubaker's story.
[ { "docid": "af5e1dcdd7e3d65a5498e5783e822666", "text": "Captain America: The Winter Soldier Captain America : The Winter Soldier is a 2014 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character Captain America , produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures . It is the sequel to 2011 's Captain America : The First Avenger and the ninth film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe ( MCU ) . The film was directed by Anthony and Joe Russo , with a screenplay by Christopher Markus & Stephen McFeely , who had also written The First Avenger . It stars Chris Evans as Captain America , leading an ensemble cast that includes Scarlett Johansson , Sebastian Stan , Anthony Mackie , Cobie Smulders , Frank Grillo , Emily VanCamp , Hayley Atwell , Robert Redford , and Samuel L. Jackson . In Captain America : The Winter Soldier , Captain America , Black Widow , and Falcon join forces to uncover a conspiracy within S.H.I.E.L.D. while facing a mysterious assassin known as the Winter Soldier . A major influence in The Winter Soldier was conspiracy fiction from the 1970s such as Three Days of the Condor , with the script also drawing from the Winter Soldier story arc written by Ed Brubaker . The script was written in 2011 , with the Russo brothers entering negotiations to direct in June 2012 and casting beginning the following month . Principal photography commenced in April 2013 in Los Angeles , California before moving to Washington , D.C. and Cleveland , Ohio . While the directors aimed for more realism , with focus on practical effects and intense stunt work , 2,500 visual effects shots were done by six different companies . Captain America : The Winter Soldier premiered in Los Angeles on March 13 , 2014 . It was released internationally on March 26 , 2014 , and in North America on April 4 , 2014 , in 2D , 3D , and IMAX 3D . The film became a critical and commercial success , grossing over $ 714 million worldwide . It also received an Academy Award nomination for Best Visual Effects . A sequel titled Captain America : Civil War also directed by the Russo brothers was released on May 6 , 2016 .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "947d0e522fa0c4e22f7d53f454ead75c", "text": "Marty Isenberg Marty Isenberg ( born 30 July 1963 ) is an American animation writer . He is best known for his role as co-story editor on Beast Machines and Transformers : Animated , and for his work on the 2003 Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles series . He also wrote or co-wrote scripts for Ben 10 , Danny Phantom , Gargoyles , Batman : The Animated Series , Action Man , Beetlejuice , The Mask , G.I. Joe : Renegades , X-Men : The Animated Series and Spider-Man : The Animated Series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "74b65c8d96b632024d5557d9992683ec", "text": "L. Sprague de Camp Lyon Sprague de Camp ( -LSB- ˌspreɪɡdəˈkæmp -RSB- 27 November 1907 -- 6 November 2000 ) , better known as L. Sprague de Camp , was an American writer of science fiction , fantasy , non-fiction and biography . In a career spanning 60 years , he wrote over 100 books , including novels and works of non-fiction , such as biographies of other fantasy authors . He was a major figure in science fiction in the 1930s and 1940s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4f70baff569a8022a98a92db2243646a", "text": "Avengers vs. X-Men Avengers vs. X-Men ( abbreviated AvX and AvsX ) is a 2012 crossover event that was featured in comic books published by Marvel Comics . The event , consisting of an eponymous limited series and numerous tie-in books , involves the return of the Phoenix Force and the subsequent war between the Avengers and the X-Men . The 12-issue twice-monthly series was first published in April 2012 , and features a storyline by Jason Aaron , Brian Michael Bendis , Ed Brubaker , Jonathan Hickman and Matt Fraction , with a rotating team of artists including John Romita , Jr. , Olivier Coipel and Adam Kubert . The event was preceded by the four-issue limited series Avengers : X-Sanction by Jeph Loeb and Ed McGuinness and Avengers vs. X-Men # 0 . Avengers vs. X-Men also ties into the limited series AVX : VS , described as `` the fight book '' which expands upon many of the one-on-one battles featured in the main series , the digital series ; Avengers vs. X-Men : Infinite , and into a number of ongoing series including Avengers , Avengers Academy , New Avengers , Secret Avengers , Uncanny X-Men , Wolverine and the X-Men and X-Men : Legacy . The event was succeeded by the limited series AvX : Consequences . Despite receiving mixed reviews from critics , Avengers vs. X-Men was a commercial success that topped the comic-book sales charts from April to October 2012 . The repercussions of the storyline resulted in the new status quos of the Marvel Universe presented in the company 's Marvel NOW ! relaunch initiative .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0ea3cc6152564d1dfb018734d8ef8a36", "text": "Alex Kurtzman Alex Kurtzman ( born September 7 , 1973 ) is an American film and television writer , producer and director .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ced05eef9ffac83662b4e2c14f405499", "text": "Captain Marvel (DC Comics) Captain Marvel , also known as Shazam , is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics . Artist C. C. Beck and writer Bill Parker created the character in 1939 . Captain Marvel first appeared in Whiz Comics # 2 ( cover-dated Feb. 1940 ) , published by Fawcett Comics . He is the alter ego of Billy Batson , a boy who , by speaking the magic word `` SHAZAM '' ( acronym of 6 Greek `` immortal elders '' - Solomon , Hercules , Atlas , Zeus , Achilles , and Mercury ) , can transform himself into a costumed adult with the powers of superhuman strength , speed , flight , and other abilities . Based on book sales , the character was the most popular superhero of the 1940s , outselling even Superman . Fawcett expanded the franchise to include other `` Marvels '' , primarily Marvel Family associates Mary Marvel and Captain Marvel Jr. , who can harness Billy 's powers as well . Captain Marvel was also the first comic book superhero to be adapted into film , in a 1941 Republic Pictures serial titled Adventures of Captain Marvel . Fawcett ceased publishing Captain Marvel-related comics in 1953 , partly because of a copyright infringement suit from DC Comics , alleging that Captain Marvel was a copy of Superman . In 1972 , DC licensed the Marvel Family characters from Fawcett , and returned them to publication . By 1991 , DC had acquired all rights to the characters . DC has since integrated Captain Marvel and the Marvel Family into their DC Universe and has attempted to revive the property several times , with mixed success . Due to trademark conflicts over another character named `` Captain Marvel '' owned by Marvel Comics since 1967 , DC chose to publish the character 's adventures in a comic book titled Shazam ! for many years , leading many to assume that this was the character 's name . DC later officially renamed the character `` Shazam '' when relaunching its comic book properties in 2011 . In addition , since 1972 , the character has been featured in two television series adaptations , one live action and one animated , by Filmation , and an upcoming Warner Bros. . Shazam ! feature film scheduled for release in 2019 as part of the DC Extended Universe . Captain Marvel was ranked as the 55th greatest comic book character of all time by Wizard magazine . IGN also ranked Captain Marvel as the 50th greatest comic book hero of all time , stating that the character will always be an enduring reminder of a simpler time . UGO Networks ranked him as one of the top heroes of entertainment , saying , `` At his best , Shazam has always been Superman with a sense of crazy , goofy fun '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b95eb89b588abcf0897b208b90b37ce5", "text": "Apogee Books Apogee Books is an imprint of Canadian publishing house Collector 's Guide Publishing . The Apogee imprint began with `` Apollo 8 The NASA Mission Reports '' in November 1998 at the request of astronaut Buzz Aldrin , second man on the moon . The first publication by Apogee was printed to celebrate the 30th anniversary of the first manned flight around the moon . A limited edition print run of this Apollo 8 book led to Aldrin suggesting that the imprint continue with further anniversary publications . In March 1999 Apogee published the book Apollo 9 - The NASA Mission Reports . Since that time Apogee has been the winner of the Space Frontier Foundation 's media award and has published almost 100 books on space flight . Almost all of the Apogee titles were packaged with CDROMs or DVDs which included what was , at the time , the first digital release of seminal NASA footage , including the first commercial release of the uncut television broadcast of the Apollo 11 moonwalk . Notable contributors to the Apogee series include Sir Arthur C. Clarke , Tom Hanks , Ron Howard , Buzz Aldrin , Harrison Schmitt , William Pogue , Wernher von Braun , David Lasser , Sy Liebergot , Guenter Wendt , Robert Zubrin , Wally Schirra , David R. Scott , Rick Tumlinson and Winston Scott . Apogee Books has performed contracted work with or for , Lockheed , Boeing , Energia , NASA , Imax , Space Frontier Foundation , The Mars Society and The National Space Society . An offshoot of Apogee Books , publishing science fiction , began in 2005 . Apogee Science Fiction specializes in space-related historical science fiction . By 2007 titles had been published by Hugo Gernsback , Garrett P. Serviss , Wernher von Braun , and George Griffith .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "85330806bb25574c3042a48f4c5f3df3", "text": "Richard Dinnick Richard Dinnick ( born 22 January 1968 ) is a British screenwriter , novelist , and audio playwright . He is the winner of the 2012 BBC Writersroom opportunity to create a new show and to write for TV on the BBC and is now writing on the CBeebies TV shows Tree Fu Tom and Go Jetters - amongst others - as well as Mind Candy 's new Moshi Monsters TV show . He was one of six finalists in a recent BBC Academy opportunity to workshop a script for Waterloo Road . Dinnick is now Head Writer on the new Disney TV show Eena Meena Deeka and in-development action adventure show Captain Extraordinary . He was also a BAFTA Judge for Children 's Drama and produced a session for the 2014 Children 's Media Conference . He is developing several ideas for TV including a fantasy drama , Never After and a primetime crime drama , Murder of Crows , which is the first of its kind . Richard is currently in pre-production on new web series -- Light & Shadows -- with Capital City Entertainment as writer/producer . Dinnick is also developing a workplace drama , No Kidding , and an urban fantasy show , The Last Horseman . Dinnick has written prose , scripts and comics for many media properties including MGM 's Stargate and the BBC 's Doctor Who , as well as adapting the Sherlock Holmes stories of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle -- including The Hound of the Baskervilles -- for CD release . His first novel Alien Adventures was published by BBC Children 's Books in 2010 and he has since gone on to write books and short stories for Penguin UK , Titan Publishing , Black Library , Running Press and Snow Books . He has also written comic strips for IDW and BBC Magazines and his first original graphic novel is in the works . He is also often a guest at writing events ( including the London Screenwriters ' Festival ) and Doctor Who conventions ( such as Gallifrey One ) . His pre-school series Elf Stackers is in the commissioning process with the BBC . Dinnick is a member of the Writers Guild of Great Britain and the Royal Television Society and a Patron of the Children 's Media Foundation . His UK TV agent is Emily Smith at The Agency and his manager in the USA is Joe Riley .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3b33149ae166aaa4c7f40c6b82e9745a", "text": "Joss Whedon Joss Whedon ( -LSB- ˈwiːdən -RSB- ) ( born Joseph Hill Whedon on June 23 , 1964 ) is an American screenwriter , film and television director , film and television producer , comic book author , and composer . He is the founder of Mutant Enemy Productions and co-founder of Bellwether Pictures , and is best known as the creator of the television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer ( 1997 -- 2003 ) , Angel ( 1999 -- 2004 ) , Firefly ( 2002 ) , Dollhouse ( 2009 -- 10 ) and Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. ( from 2013 ) . Whedon co-wrote the Pixar film Toy Story ( 1995 ) , wrote and directed the Firefly film continuation Serenity ( 2005 ) , co-wrote and directed the Internet mini-series Dr. Horrible 's Sing-Along Blog ( 2008 ) , co-wrote and produced the horror comedy The Cabin in the Woods ( 2012 ) , and wrote and directed the Marvel Cinematic Universe superhero films The Avengers ( 2012 ) and its sequel Avengers : Age of Ultron ( 2015 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "80bc4078a3368ea98f6907ba3435f16d", "text": "Captain America (vol. 5) Captain America ( vol . 5 ) was an ongoing comic book series published for four years from January 2005 to July 2009 by Marvel Comics . It starred the superhero Captain America , and the entire series was written by Ed Brubaker . It was the fifth Captain America series with this title to be published , following series that ran from 1968 -- 1996 , 1996 -- 1997 , 1998 -- 2002 , and 2002-2004 . After its fiftieth issue ( July 2009 ) , the series was renumbered to match the numbering of all the volumes of the title ( 454 , 13 , 50 , 32 , and 50 ) , and volume 1 resumed publication with issue # 600 with Brubaker remaining as writer . The series was best known for reviving Captain America 's World War II partner Bucky Barnes as the Winter Soldier in issue # 6 , the presumed death of Steve Rogers in issue # 25 , and Bucky taking over the mantle of Captain America in issue # 34 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "76e21d3c01504faa5099b793d668a386", "text": "Secret War (comics) Secret War is a 2004 -- 2005 five-issue comic book limited series published by Marvel Comics . The series is written by Brian Michael Bendis and painted by Gabriele Dell ` Otto . It is loosely based on classified operations told to Bendis by an anonymous high-ranking officer in the United States Intelligence Community during Bendis ' childhood . The storyline involves a large-scale super-hero crossover featuring Marvel characters such as Spider-Man , Captain America , Wolverine , Daredevil , Luke Cage and Nick Fury fighting a wide array of super-villains who have received hi-tech armaments from a mysterious benefactor . The first issue was published in April 2004 , and though intended originally as a bimonthly publication , it faced long delays . It was completed with issue five 's publication in December 2005 . The aftermath of the series was explored in stories in The Pulse and Bendis has gone on to use many of the same characters in his New Avengers titles . This event begins an eight-year-long series of cross-over events ending with Avengers vs. X-Men . The storyline in Secret War is unrelated to the original Secret Wars and Secret Wars II crossover limited series which Marvel published in the mid-1980s , although its title is clearly inspired by them . Those stories received their own spiritual successor in Beyond ! , published in 2006 . Bendis has noted that Secret War is connected to the `` Secret Invasion '' storyline , in which Skrulls have infiltrated several institutions of Earth .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a42de0d43fdbc928ea4e5a27d26352b3", "text": "Joe Ranft Joseph Henry `` Joe '' Ranft ( March 13 , 1960 -- August 16 , 2005 ) was an American screenwriter , animator , storyboard artist , voice actor and magician who worked for Pixar Animation Studios and Disney at Walt Disney Animation Studios and Disney Television Animation . His brother , Jerome Ranft , is a sculptor who also worked on several Pixar movies . He received an Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay nomination as one of the writers of Toy Story ( 1995 ) , and was also co-director on Cars ( 2006 ) , his final work .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca1ecb30b50026c3494e6338f3a587b1", "text": "The Weapon (short story) `` The Weapon '' is a short story by the American science fiction writer Isaac Asimov . Written in September 1938 when Asimov was 18 , it was first published in the May 1942 issue of Super Science Stories under a pseudonym , H.B. Ogden . Because of the pseudonym , Asimov forgot that this story had ever been published and so , assuming that it had been rejected and believing that he no longer had a copy of it , he omitted it from The Early Asimov ( 1972 ) , a collection of his earliest stories . In that book he listed `` The Weapon '' among eleven of his short stories that had been lost forever . However , while writing the first volume of his autobiography , In Memory Yet Green ( 1979 ) , Asimov came across an entry in his diary which reminded him that the story had indeed been published . Obtaining a copy of the relevant magazine , he ensured that the story was published in chapter 30 of that book .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "25eac6cf6a251e248f8d7ab0fd85f21d", "text": "Gotham Central Gotham Central is a police procedural comic-book series that was published by DC Comics . It was written by Ed Brubaker and Greg Rucka , with pencils initially by Michael Lark . The story focused on the Gotham City Police Department and the difficulties of its officers living and working in Gotham City , home of Batman .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2a303098e12fa11929f356b68b75b992", "text": "Philip Eisner Philip Eisner is an American screenwriter best known for writing the screenplay for the 1997 science fiction/horror film Event Horizon , which was produced by Paramount and helmed by director Paul W.S. Anderson .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "57b394d351e82bfc063f436f13a47d58", "text": "William Gillette, America's Sherlock Holmes William Gillette , America 's Sherlock Holmes , by Henry Zecher , is the first full and in-depth biography of William Hooker Gillette ( 1853 -- 1937 ) , the American actor , playwright and stage-manager of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries who is best remembered today for portraying Sherlock Holmes . Gillette was among the first American playwrights to offer tightly-knit and well-constructed plays , Bronson Howard , Steele MacKaye and James Herne being the others , but his most significant contributions to the theater were in devising realistic stage settings and special sound and lighting effects , and , as an actor , in putting forth what he called The Illusion of the First Time . His portrayal of Holmes helped create the modern image of the detective . His use of the deerstalker cap ( which first appeared in some Strand Magazine illustrations by Sidney Paget ) and the curved pipe became synonymous with the character . And it was in his play , not in Arthur Conan Doyle 's stories , that Holmes first said `` This is elementary , my dear fellow , '' which subsequently became `` Elementary , my dear Watson '' . Gillette assumed the role onstage more than 1,300 times over thirty years , starred in a silent motion picture based on his Holmes play , and voiced the character twice on radio . The author is a graduate of the University of Maryland School of Journalism , Class of 1971 . He was an award-winning sports writer and sports editor of the Delaware State News in Dover , Delaware , before embarking on a career in Federal government human resources . He has worked as a free-lance writer for many years and published a number of magazine articles , two of them of historical importance . One was an evaluation of German Reformer Martin Luther 's impact on the English Bible , and the other was the first analysis from a biblical and historical point of view of the Ipuwer Papyrus , first claimed by Immanuel Velikovsky and subsequently by others to have been an Egyptian version of the plagues on Egypt described in the Old Testament Book of Exodus . This is Zecher 's first book . It contains 585 pages of text and is profusely illustrated with more than ninety images , nearly all of them containing two to four and , in two cases , six individual photographs . It contains a bibliography of Gillette 's writings , a list of his plays subsequently made into motion pictures , a list of his patents , a list of audio/visual recordings of his voice , and 97 pages of Endnotes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b50aa051c8edd3fe89a3df2d3aea9ef8", "text": "Doug Jung Doug Jung is an American screenwriter and film producer . He is known for writing the screenplay for the 2016 film Star Trek Beyond .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8ab65ef2fa913efea0db11765290e5d9", "text": "Bruce Golden Bruce Edward Golden ( born December 3 , 1952 ) is an American writer of science fiction , a satirist , and a journalist .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d5d64887e113ccfd30337697e03a1e1e", "text": "Edward Kay (writer) Edward Kay is a Toronto-based screenwriter , story editor and novelist with a background in both live-action and animated television comedy , as well as print journalism . Kay spent four years as a writer and producer on the political satire , This Hour Has 22 Minutes , before becoming supervising producer of The Itch , a comedy series starring Jason Jones formerly of The Daily Show , and Jessica Holmes . Kay then co-created the animated children 's series , Ollie 's Under-the-Bed Adventures ( later known as Olliver 's Adventures ) and wrote the pilot episode , which won a Gemini Award for Best Animated Program . He has written numerous episodes of Atomic Betty , a television series broadcast in more than 100 countries . With Sean Scott , he is the co-creator of Jimmy Two-Shoes , an animated comedy series that in December 2007 , was put into production by broadcasters Disney XD and Teletoon . He is the co-creator of Finding Stuff Out , a comedy-inflected science show that airs on TVO and Knowledge Network . Kay 's first novel , a YA sc-fi comedy entitled STAR Academy was released September 15 , 2009 by Random House/Doubleday . The sequel , Dark Secrets , was released on September 13 , 2011 . He subsequently was commissioned by Scholastic Books to write an historical novel about the Battle of the Atlantic , entitled `` Sink and Destroy '' . His latest novel is a thriller entitled `` At Rope 's End '' , which will be released by New York City based publisher Crooked Lane in January , 2017 . Kay 's writing for This Hour Has 22 Minutes has garnered him three Gemini Awards , a Canadian Comedy Award , and a Canadian Screenwriting Award . For his work in print journalism he has received two Canadian National Magazine Award Honourable Mentions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8226fe1634317096cb1312e873f8278b", "text": "SFeraKon SFeraKon is a science fiction convention that takes place in Zagreb , Croatia every year at the end of April . Organised by SFera , it is the largest and the longest running science fiction convention in southeastern Europe . The first SFeraKon under that name was held in 1983 , continuing the tradition of `` science fiction days in Zagreb '' after Yukon , the Yugoslav national science fiction convention , started taking place in other towns , the first few having taken place in Zagreb . Since 1994 it is being held on the grounds of Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing . In 1986 SFeraKon hosted a Eurocon , the European Science fiction convention , with Sam Lundwall as a guest of honour . It was nicknamed Ballcon . The 1998 SFeraKon was called a `` Euroconference '' but was not officially a Eurocon . SFeraKon hosted its second Eurocon in Zagreb in 2012 and two conventions went under the name Kontakt , with more than 300 international members and four guests of honour : Tim Powers , Charles Stross , Dmitry Glukhovsky and Cheryl Morgan . SFeraKon 's many famous guests of honor have included Joe Haldeman , Robert Silverberg ( 1999 ) , Walter Jon Williams ( 2001 ) , Lois McMaster Bujold ( 2002 ) , George R. R. Martin ( 2003 ) , Ken MacLeod ( 2004 ) , Michael Swanwick ( 2006 ) , Bruce Sterling ( 2007 ) , Richard Morgan ( 2008 ) , R. Scott Bakker ( 2009 ) , Ian McDonald ( 2010 ) , Milena Benini ( 2010 ) , Dave Lally ( 2011 ) , Goran Skrobonja ( 2011 ) , Oto Oltvanji ( 2011 ) , Darko Tuševljaković ( 2011 ) , Charles Stross ( 2012 ) , Tim Powers ( 2012 ) , Cheryl Morgan ( 2012 ) , Dmitry Glukhovsky ( 2012 ) , Danielle Trussoni ( 2013 ) , Esad Ribić ( 2013 ) , Chris Beckett ( 2014 ) and Kate Elliott ( 2015 ) . Typical attendance is 800-1200 visitors .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ce995a128f28a10dae8d99c3c178640d", "text": "Ben Hecht Ben Hecht -LSB- ˈhɛkt -RSB- ( February 28 , 1894 -- April 18 , 1964 ) was an American screenwriter , director , producer , playwright , journalist and novelist . A journalist in his youth , he went on to write thirty-five books and some of the most entertaining screenplays and plays in America . He received screen credits , alone or in collaboration , for the stories or screenplays of some seventy films . At the age of 16 , Hecht ran away to Chicago , where in his own words he `` haunted streets , whorehouses , police stations , courtrooms , theater stages , jails , saloons , slums , madhouses , fires , murders , riots , banquet halls , and bookshops '' . In the 1910s and early 1920s , Hecht became a noted journalist , foreign correspondent , and literary figure . In the 1920s , his co-authored , reporter-themed play , The Front Page , became a Broadway hit . The Dictionary of Literary Biography - American Screenwriters calls him `` one of the most successful screenwriters in the history of motion pictures . '' Hecht received the first Academy Award for Original Screenplay , for Underworld ( 1927 ) . Many of the screenplays he worked on are now considered classics . He also provided story ideas for such films as Stagecoach ( 1939 ) . Film historian Richard Corliss called him `` the Hollywood screenwriter '' , someone who `` personified Hollywood itself . '' In 1940 , he wrote , produced , and directed , Angels Over Broadway , which was nominated for Best Screenplay . In total , six of his movie screenplays were nominated for Academy Awards , with two winning . He became an active Zionist shortly before the Holocaust began in Germany , and wrote articles and plays about the plight of European Jews , such as , We Will Never Die in 1943 and A Flag is Born in 1946 . Of his seventy to ninety screenplays , he wrote many anonymously to avoid the British boycott of his work in the late 1940s and early 1950s . The boycott was a response to Hecht 's active support of paramilitary action against British forces in Palestine and sabotaging British property there ( see below ) , during which time a supply ship to Palestine was named the S. S. Ben Hecht . According to his autobiography , he never spent more than eight weeks on a script . In 1983 , 19 years after his death , Ben Hecht was posthumously inducted into the American Theater Hall of Fame .", "title": "" } ]
fever
59c14c4e49bb9331c4bfd912b7283e4c
The Legend of Tarzan (film) is a film that has a budget of $180 million.
[ { "docid": "ec2f5d1c0afc843df9f1a7073b4d0d7d", "text": "The Legend of Tarzan (film) The Legend of Tarzan is a 2016 American action adventure film based on the fictional character created by Edgar Rice Burroughs . Directed by David Yates , and written by Adam Cozad and Craig Brewer , the film stars Alexander Skarsgård as the title character , with Samuel L. Jackson , Margot Robbie , Djimon Hounsou , Jim Broadbent and Christoph Waltz in supporting roles . Principal photography began on June 21 , 2014 , at Warner Bros. . Leavesden Studios in the United Kingdom , and wrapped four months later on October 3 . The film premiered at the Dolby Theatre in Los Angeles on June 29 , 2016 and was theatrically released in the United States on July 1 , 2016 , in 2D , 3D , IMAX and IMAX 3D . The film grossed over $ 356 million against a budget of $ 180 million and received mixed reviews from critics .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "82ce5efc975419724b224b726e86091e", "text": "Set piece In film production , a set piece is a scene or sequence of scenes whose execution requires serious logistical planning and considerable expenditure of money . The term set piece is often used more broadly to describe any important dramatic or comedic highpoint in a film or story , particularly those that provide some kind of dramatic payoff , resolution , or transition . Thus the term is often used to describe any scenes that are so essential to a film that they can not be edited out or skipped in the shooting schedule without seriously damaging the integrity of the finished product . Often , screenplays are written around a list of such set pieces , particularly in high-budget `` event movies '' . Set pieces are very often planned meticulously using storyboards , screentests , and rehearsals , in contrast to smaller scenes where the director and actors may be more improvisational . Each action requires the combined efforts of different departments : set builders , physical effects , and special visual effects . On most films , different groups of people will work on different set pieces individually since they can take a long time to prepare before shooting . For example , the car chase in The Matrix Reloaded took months to prepare and cost $ 30 million , including $ 5 million to build the freeway set .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a913a508bcb016d99cd6c7e4975a6a1", "text": "Major film studio A major film studio is a production and film distributor that releases a substantial number of films annually and consistently commands a significant share of box office revenue in a given market . In the North American , Western , and global markets , the major film studios , often simply known as the majors , are commonly regarded as the six diversified media conglomerates whose various film production and distribution subsidiaries collectively command approximately 80 to 85 percent of U.S. and Canadian box office revenue . The term may also be applied more specifically to the primary motion picture business subsidiary of each respective conglomerate . The `` Big Six '' majors , whose operations are based in or around the Los Angeles neighborhood of Hollywood , are all centered in film studios active during Hollywood 's Golden Age of the 1930s and 1940s . In three cases -- 20th Century Fox , Warner Bros. , and Paramount -- the studios were one of the `` Big Five '' majors during that era as well . In two cases -- Columbia and Universal -- the studios were also considered majors , but in the next tier down , part of the `` Little Three '' . In the sixth case , Walt Disney Studios was an independent production company during the Golden Age ; it was an important Hollywood entity , but not a major . Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , United Artists , and RKO were majors . Today , Disney is the only member of the Big Six whose parent entity is still located near Los Angeles ( actually , on Disney 's studio lot and in the same building ) . The five others report to conglomerates headquartered in New York City , Philadelphia , and Tokyo . Of the Big Six , Paramount is the only one still based in Hollywood , and Paramount and Fox are the only ones still located within the Los Angeles city limits , while Disney and Warner Bros. are located in Burbank , Columbia in Culver City , and Universal in the unincorporated area of Universal City . Most of today 's Big Six control subsidiaries with their own distribution networks that concentrate on arthouse pictures ( e.g. Fox Searchlight Pictures ) or genre films ( e.g. Sony 's Screen Gems ) ; several of these specialty units were shut down or sold off between 2008 and 2010 . The six major studios are contrasted with smaller production and/or distribution companies , which are known as independents or `` indies '' . The leading independent producer/distributors -- Lionsgate Films , The Weinstein Company , and former major studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer -- are sometimes referred to as `` mini-majors '' . From 1998 through 2005 , DreamWorks SKG commanded a large enough market share to arguably qualify it as a seventh major , despite its relatively small output . In 2006 , DreamWorks was acquired by Viacom , Paramount 's corporate parent . In late 2008 , DreamWorks once again became an independent production company ; its films were distributed by Disney 's Touchstone Pictures until 2016 , at which point distribution switched to Universal . The Big Six major studios are today primarily backers and distributors of films whose actual production is largely handled by independent companies -- either long-running entities or ones created for and dedicated to the making of a specific film . The specialty divisions often simply acquire distribution rights to pictures in which the studio has had no prior involvement . While the majors still do a modicum of true production , their activities are focused more in the areas of development , financing , marketing , and merchandising . Those business functions are still usually performed in or near Los Angeles , even though the runaway production phenomenon means that most films are now mostly or completely shot on location at places outside Los Angeles . Since the dawn of filmmaking , the U.S. major film studios have dominated both American cinema and the global film industry . U.S. studios have benefited from a strong first-mover advantage in that they were the first to industrialize filmmaking and master the art of mass-producing and distributing high-quality films with broad cross-cultural appeal . Today , the Big Six majors routinely distribute hundreds of films every year into all significant international markets ( that is , where discretionary income is high enough for consumers to afford to watch films ) . It is very rare , if not impossible , for a film to reach a broad international audience on multiple continents and in multiple languages without first being picked up by one of the majors for distribution .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "726908971ef4994392614d32f7d9b4e4", "text": "Tarzan's Magic Fountain Tarzan 's Magic Fountain is a 1949 Tarzan film starring Lex Barker as Tarzan and Brenda Joyce as his companion Jane . The film also features Albert Dekker and Evelyn Ankers , was co-written by Curt Siodmak , and directed by Lee Sholem . This was Barker 's first appearance as Edgar Rice Burroughs ' ape-man , while Joyce had played Jane opposite Johnny Weissmuller as Tarzan in four previous films . She was one of only two actresses to portray Jane in movies with two different actors as Tarzan . ( The other was Karla Schramm in the silent era . ) Tarzan 's Magic Fountain was Joyce 's final turn in the role , and different actresses played Jane in each of Barker 's four subsequent Tarzan movies : ( Vanessa Brown , Virginia Huston , Dorothy Hart , and Joyce MacKenzie ) . Elmo Lincoln , who had been the first screen Tarzan three decades earlier , appears uncredited as a fisherman repairing his nets .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "281ad9273c5fdedf6b01919646686394", "text": "Hugo (film) Hugo is a 2011 historical adventure drama film directed and co-produced by Martin Scorsese and adapted for the screen by John Logan . Based on Brian Selznick 's book The Invention of Hugo Cabret , it is about a boy who lives alone in the Gare Montparnasse railway station in Paris in the 1930s . A co-production between Graham King 's GK Films and Johnny Depp 's Infinitum Nihil , the film stars Ben Kingsley , Sacha Baron Cohen , Asa Butterfield , Chloë Grace Moretz , Ray Winstone , Emily Mortimer , Jude Law , Helen McCrory , and Christopher Lee . Hugo is Scorsese 's first film shot in 3D , of which the filmmaker remarked : `` I found 3D to be really interesting , because the actors were more upfront emotionally . Their slightest move , their slightest intention is picked up much more precisely . '' The film was released in the United States on November 23 , 2011 . When it was released , Hugo received critical acclaim and received 11 Academy Award nominations ( including Best Picture ) , more than any other film that year , and won five awards : Best Cinematography , Best Art Direction , Best Sound Mixing , Best Sound Editing and Best Visual Effects . It was also nominated for eight BAFTAs , winning two , and was nominated for three Golden Globe awards , earning Scorsese his third Golden Globe Award for Best Director . The film grossed $ 185 million against a budget of $ 150 -- $ 170 million .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "85bd790a83336a2c5a265a353bd9c5ef", "text": "The Croods The Croods is a 2013 American 3D computer-animated adventure comedy film produced by DreamWorks Animation and distributed by 20th Century Fox . It stars the voices of Nicolas Cage , Emma Stone , Ryan Reynolds , Catherine Keener , Clark Duke , and Cloris Leachman . The film is set in a fictional prehistoric Pliocene era known as `` The Croodaceous '' ( a prehistoric period which contains fictional prehistoric creatures ) when a caveman 's position as a `` Leader of the Hunt '' is threatened by the arrival of a prehistoric genius who comes up with revolutionary new inventions as they trek through a dangerous but exotic land in search of a new home . The Croods was written and directed by Kirk DeMicco and Chris Sanders , and produced by Kristine Belson and Jane Hartwell . The film premiered at the 63rd Berlin International Film Festival on February 15 , 2013 , and was released in the United States on March 22 , 2013 . As part of the distribution deal , this is the first film from DreamWorks Animation to be distributed by 20th Century Fox , since the end of their distribution deal with Paramount Pictures . The Croods received generally positive reviews , and proved to be a box office success , earning more than $ 587 million on a budget of $ 135 million . The film launched a new franchise , with a television series , Dawn of the Croods , which debuted on December 24 , 2015 , on Netflix . A sequel was announced for a 2018 release , but was later cancelled .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "697580c81479770dc6c70a31e36dd7f8", "text": "B movie A B movie is a low-budget commercial movie , but one that is not an arthouse film . In its original usage , during the Golden Age of Hollywood , the term more precisely identified films intended for distribution as the less-publicized bottom half of a double feature . Although the U.S. production of movies intended as second features largely ceased by the end of the 1950s , the term B movie continues to be used in the broader sense it maintains today . In its post -- Golden Age usage , there is ambiguity on both sides of the definition : on the one hand , the primary interest of many inexpensive exploitation films is prurient ; on the other , many B movies display a high degree of craft and aesthetic ingenuity . In either usage , most B movies represent a particular genre -- the Western was a Golden Age B movie staple , while low-budget science-fiction and horror films became more popular in the 1950s . Early B movies were often part of series in which the star repeatedly played the same character . Almost always shorter than the top-billed films they were paired with , many had running times of 70 minutes or less . The term connoted a general perception that B movies were inferior to the more handsomely budgeted headliners ; individual B films were often ignored by critics . Latter-day B movies still sometimes inspire multiple sequels , but series are less common . As the average running time of top-of-the-line films increased , so did that of B pictures . In its current usage , the term has somewhat contradictory connotations : it may signal an opinion that a certain movie is ( a ) a genre film with minimal artistic ambitions or ( b ) a lively , energetic film uninhibited by the constraints imposed on more expensive projects and unburdened by the conventions of putatively `` serious '' independent film . The term is also now used loosely to refer to some higher-budgeted , mainstream films with exploitation-style content , usually in genres traditionally associated with the B movie . From their beginnings to the present day , B movies have provided opportunities both for those coming up in the profession and others whose careers are waning . Celebrated filmmakers such as Anthony Mann and Jonathan Demme learned their craft in B movies . They are where actors such as John Wayne and Jack Nicholson first became established , and they have provided work for former A movie actors , such as Vincent Price and Karen Black . Some actors , such as Bela Lugosi , Eddie Constantine and Pam Grier , worked in B movies for most of their careers . The term B actor is sometimes used to refer to a performer who finds work primarily or exclusively in B pictures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a6bf2108272d38295efbe38fd41e9a8f", "text": "Pellucidar Pellucidar is a fictional Hollow Earth invented by American writer Edgar Rice Burroughs for a series of action adventure stories . In a crossover event between Burroughs ' series , there is a Tarzan story in which the Ape Man travels into Pellucidar . The stories initially involve the adventures of mining heir David Innes and his inventor friend Abner Perry after they use an `` iron mole '' to burrow 500 miles into the Earth 's crust . Later protagonists include indigenous caveman Tanar and additional visitors from the surface world , notably Tarzan , Jason Gridley , and Frederich Wilhelm Eric von Mendeldorf und von Horst .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "15de4fea6d1defb9167a6e11108320bb", "text": "Cinema of India The cinema of India consists of films produced across India . Cinema as a medium has gained immense popularity in the country and as many as 1,600 films in various languages of India are produced annually . Indian films have also come to be followed throughout South Asia , the Greater Middle East , Southeast Asia and other countries . Dadasaheb Phalke is known as the `` father of Indian cinema '' . The Dadasaheb Phalke Award , for lifetime contribution to cinema , was instituted in his honour , by the Government of India in 1969 , and is the most prestigious and coveted award in Indian cinema . In the 20th century , Indian cinema , along with the Hollywood and Chinese film industries , became a global enterprise . As of 2013 , in terms of annual film output , India ranks first , followed by Nollywood , Hollywood and China . In 2012 , India produced 1,602 feature films . The Indian film industry reached overall revenues of $ 1.86 billion ( 93 billion ) in 2011 . This is projected to rise to $ 3 billion ( 200 billion ) in 2016 . In 2015 , India had a total box office gross of , the fourth largest in the world outside North America . Enhanced technology paved the way for upgrading from established cinematic norms of delivering product , altering the manner in which content reached the target audience . Biopics like Dangal and CGI-laden epics like Baahubali emerged as transnational blockbusters grossing over $ 200 million each in early 21st century . Indian cinema found markets in over 90 countries where films from India are screened . The Indian government extended film delegations to foreign countries such as the United States of America and Japan while the country 's Film Producers Guild sent similar missions through Europe . The provision of 100 % foreign direct investment has made the Indian film market attractive for foreign enterprises such as 20th Century Fox , Sony Pictures , Walt Disney Pictures and Warner Bros. . Indian enterprises such as AVM Productions , Prasad 's Group , Sun Pictures , PVP Cinemas , Zee , UTV , Suresh Productions , Eros Films , Ayngaran International , Pyramid Saimira , Aascar Films and Adlabs also participated in producing and distributing films . Tax incentives to multiplexes have aided the multiplex boom in India . By 2003 as many as 30 film production companies had been listed in the National Stock Exchange of India , making the commercial presence of the medium felt . The South Indian film industry defines the four film cultures of South India as a single entity . They are the Telugu , the Tamil , the Malayalam and the Kannada industries . Although developed independently over a long period , gross exchange of film performers and technicians as well as globalisation helped to shape this new identity . The Indian diaspora consists of millions of Indians overseas for which films are made available both through media such as DVDs and by screening of films in their country of residence wherever commercially feasible . These earnings , accounting for some 12 % of the revenue generated by a mainstream film , contribute substantially to the overall revenue of Indian cinema , the net worth of which was found to be 1.3 billion in 2000 . Music in Indian cinema is another substantial revenue generator with the music rights alone accounting for 4 -- 5 % of the net revenues generated by a film in India .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "241c5584bafcb4fa9074b612100161a6", "text": "Tomorrowland (film) Tomorrowland ( subtitled A World Beyond in some regions ) is a 2015 American science-fiction mystery adventure film directed and co-written by Brad Bird . Bird co-wrote the film 's screenplay with Damon Lindelof , from an original story treatment by Bird , Lindelof and Jeff Jensen . The film stars George Clooney , Hugh Laurie , Britt Robertson , Raffey Cassidy , Tim McGraw , Kathryn Hahn and Keegan-Michael Key . In the film , a disillusioned genius inventor and a teenage science enthusiast embark to an ambiguous alternate dimension known as `` Tomorrowland '' where their actions directly affect the world and themselves . Walt Disney Pictures originally announced the film in June 2011 under the working title 1952 , and later retitled it to Tomorrowland , after the futuristic themed land found at Disney theme parks . In drafting their story , Bird and Lindelof took inspiration from the progressive cultural movements of the Space Age , as well as Walt Disney 's optimistic philosophy of the future , notably his conceptual vision for the planned community known as EPCOT . Principal photography began in August 2013 , with footage shot in British Columbia , Alberta , Florida , and Spain with second unit filming in France , California and the Bahamas . Tomorrowland was released in conventional and IMAX formats on May 22 , 2015 , and was the first theatrical film to be released in Dolby Vision and Dolby Cinema . Upon its release , the film received mixed reviews from critics ; earning praise for its original premise , musical score , action , visuals , and themes , but criticism in regards to the screenplay 's uneven writing and tone . The film grossed $ 209 million worldwide against a total production and marketing cost of $ 330 million , losing Disney $ 120 -- 140 million .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "db1004c025efd393607f879831ad4c53", "text": "Crocodile Dundee Crocodile Dundee ( stylized as `` Crocodile '' Dundee in the U.S. ) is a 1986 Australian-American comedy film set in the Australian Outback and in New York City . It stars Paul Hogan as the weathered Mick Dundee . Hogan 's future wife Linda Kozlowski portrayed Sue Charlton . Inspired by the true life exploits of Rod Ansell , the film was made on a budget of under $ 10 million as a deliberate attempt to make a commercial Australian film that would appeal to a mainstream American audience , but proved to be a worldwide phenomenon . Released on 30 April 1986 in Australia , and on 26 September 1986 in the United States , it was the second-highest-grossing film in the United States in that year and went on to become the second-highest grossing film worldwide at the box office as well , with an estimated 46 million tickets sold in the US . There are two versions of the film : the Australian version , and an international version , which had much of the Australian slang replaced with more commonly understood terms , and was slightly shorter . Although the film was a hit both in Australia and abroad , it became controversial with some Australian critics and audiences -- who resented the image of Australians as being ocker . The first scenes were filmed in the small town of McKinlay in Queensland . The hotel has original warped and polished hardwood floors . There are no crocodiles in the area as it 's in the outback with no major water source . Crocodile Dundee was followed by two sequels : Crocodile Dundee II ( 1988 ) and Crocodile Dundee in Los Angeles ( 2001 ) , although both films failed to match the critical success of the predecessor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a1d800f3a58ce0e26dc0d8caddded51", "text": "Goodfellas Goodfellas ( stylized as GoodFellas ) is a 1990 American crime film directed by Martin Scorsese . It is an adaptation of the 1986 non-fiction book Wiseguy by Nicholas Pileggi , who co-wrote the screenplay with Scorsese . The film narrates the rise and fall of mob associate Henry Hill and his friends over a period from 1955 to 1980 . Scorsese initially named the film Wise Guy and postponed making it ; later , he and Pileggi changed the name to Goodfellas . To prepare for their roles in the film , Robert De Niro , Joe Pesci , and Ray Liotta often spoke with Pileggi , who shared research material left over from writing the book . According to Pesci , improvisation and ad-libbing came out of rehearsals wherein Scorsese gave the actors freedom to do whatever they wanted . The director made transcripts of these sessions , took the lines he liked best , and put them into a revised script , which the cast worked from during principal photography . Made on a budget of $ 25 million , Goodfellas grossed $ 46.8 million . It received positive reviews from critics and was nominated for six Academy Awards , including Best Picture and Best Director , with Pesci winning Best Actor in a Supporting Role . The film won five awards from the British Academy of Film and Television Arts , including Best Film and Best Director . Additionally , Goodfellas was named the year 's best film by various critics ' groups . Goodfellas is widely regarded as one of the greatest films in the crime genre . In 2000 , it was deemed `` culturally , historically , and aesthetically significant '' and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry by the United States Library of Congress . Its content and style have been emulated in numerous other films and television shows .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "727345278309a73012f2a75ba6c093c6", "text": "Highlander (film) Highlander is a 1986 British-American adventure action fantasy film directed by Russell Mulcahy and based on a story by Gregory Widen . It stars Christopher Lambert , Sean Connery , Clancy Brown , and Roxanne Hart . The film narrates the climax of an ages-old battle between immortal warriors , depicted through interwoven past and present-day storylines . Christopher Lambert plays swordsman Connor MacLeod from Scottish Highlands , known as the Highlander , one of a number of immortal warriors , who can only be killed by decapitation . After initial training by another highly skilled immortal swordsman , Ramirez ( Sean Connery ) , MacLeod lives on for several centuries , eventually settling in New York City , managing an antiques shop . In 1985 , he falls in love with a policewoman named Brenda and finds out that he must face his biggest enemy , Clancy Brown 's Kurgan , who wishes to kill MacLeod and to obtain `` the Prize '' -- a special ability which is given to the last living immortal warrior , vast knowledge and the ability to enslave the entire human race . Highlander enjoyed little success on its initial theatrical release , grossing over $ 12 million worldwide against a production budget of $ 19 million , and received mixed reviews . Nevertheless , it became a cult film and launched Lambert to stardom . The film inspired a franchise which included film sequels and television spin-offs . Its tagline , `` There can be only one '' , has carried on throughout the franchise , as have the songs provided for the film by the rock band Queen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "85d9df8bd148ebf5bd18a619ff7d678b", "text": "Tower Heist Tower Heist is a 2011 American heist comedy film directed by Brett Ratner and written by Ted Griffin and Jeff Nathanson , based on a story by Bill Collage , Adam Cooper and Griffin . The plot follows Josh Kovaks ( Ben Stiller ) , Charlie Gibbs ( Casey Affleck ) and Enrique Dev ` reaux ( Michael Peña ) , employees of an exclusive apartment building who lose their pensions in the Ponzi scheme of Wall Street businessman Arthur Shaw ( Alan Alda ) . The group enlist the aid of criminal Slide ( Eddie Murphy ) , bankrupt businessman Mr. Fitzhugh ( Matthew Broderick ) and another employee of the apartment building , Odessa ( Gabourey Sidibe ) , to break into Shaw 's apartment and steal back their money while avoiding the FBI agent in charge of his case , Claire Denham ( Téa Leoni ) . Tower Heist began development as early as 2005 , based on an idea by Murphy that would star himself and an all-black cast of comedians as a heist group who rob Trump International Hotel and Tower . As the script developed and changed into an Ocean 's Eleven -- style caper , Murphy left the project . Ratner continued to develop the idea into what would eventually become Tower Heist , with Murphy later rejoining the production . Filming took place entirely in New York City on a budget of $ 75 million ( after tax rebates ) , with several buildings provided by Donald Trump used to represent the eponymous tower . The film score was composed by Christophe Beck and released commercially on November 1 , 2011 . The film received mixed reviews with much of the praise going to the cast , including Broderick , Leoni and Stiller . However , Murphy was repeatedly singled out by critics as the star of the film , with critics feeling that he displayed a welcome return to the comedic style of his early career . Much of the criticism received by the film was focused on the plot , which was considered `` formulaic , '' `` rushed , '' `` dull '' and `` laborious . '' The film was released on November 4 , 2011 and earned $ 152 million worldwide . Prior to release , the film was involved in a controversy over plans by Universal Pictures to release it for home viewing on video on demand to 500,000 Comcast customers , only three weeks after its theatrical debut . Concern over the implementation 's harming ticket sales and inspiring further films to follow suit resulted in several theater chains ' refusal to show the film at all if the plan went ahead , forcing Universal to abandon the idea .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "139624e58a09dcb5f8ea7b4e80fa282a", "text": "Tarzan Escapes Tarzan Escapes is a 1936 Tarzan film based on the character created by Edgar Rice Burroughs . It was the third in the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Tarzan series to feature Johnny Weissmuller as the `` King of the Apes '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e99b7d1a9d8c3829971fc174148e041a", "text": "Duma (2005 film) Duma is a 2005 American family drama adventure film about a young South African boy 's friendship with an orphaned cheetah from a story by Carol Flint and Karen Janszen , set in the country of South Africa and based on How It Was with Dooms by Carol Cawthra Hopcraft and Xan Hopcraft . It was distributed by Warner Bros. . Pictures , Gaylord Films and C.O.R.E. , directed by Carroll Ballard ( director of The Black Stallion and Fly Away Home ) , produced by Gaylord Films , Warner Bros. , John Wells Productions , Pandora Pictures , Stacy Cohen , E.K. Gaylord II , Kristin Harms , Hunt Lowry and John Wells , written by Karen Janszen and Mark St. Germain , edited by T.M. Christopher , cinematographed by Werner Maritz with music by George Acogny and John Debney and starring Alexander Michaletos , Eamonn Walker , Campbell Scott and Hope Davis . The film was theatrically released on April 22 , 2005 by Warner Bros. . Pictures , Gaylord Films and C.O.R.E. . The film went on receiving very positive reviews from critics and it earned $ 994,790 on a $ 12 million budget . The film won the Family Feature Film at the Genesis Awards in 2006 . The film was rated PG for mild adventure peril . Duma was released on DVD on May 16 , 2006 by Warner Bros. . Entertainment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8e50128bcbd5d2f49bc495827ef5995c", "text": "E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial is a 1982 American science fiction fantasy film co-produced and directed by Steven Spielberg , and written by Melissa Mathison . It features special effects by Carlo Rambaldi and Dennis Muren , and stars Henry Thomas , Dee Wallace , Robert MacNaughton , Drew Barrymore , Peter Coyote and Pat Welsh . It tells the story of Elliott ( Thomas ) , a lonely boy who befriends an extraterrestrial , dubbed `` E.T. '' , who is stranded on Earth . He and his siblings help it return home while attempting to keep it hidden from their mother and the government . The concept was based on an imaginary friend Spielberg created after his parents ' divorce in 1960 . In 1980 , Spielberg met Mathison and developed a new story from the stalled sci-fi horror film project Night Skies . It was shot from September to December 1981 in California on a budget of US$ 10.5 million . Unlike most films , it was shot in rough chronological order , to facilitate convincing emotional performances from the young cast . Released on June 11 , 1982 by Universal Pictures , E.T was an immediate blockbuster , surpassing Star Wars to become the highest-grossing film of all time -- a record it held for eleven years until Jurassic Park , another Spielberg-directed film , surpassed it in 1993 . It is the highest-grossing film of the 1980s . Widely regarded as one of the greatest films of all time , critics acclaimed it as a timeless story of friendship , and it ranks as the greatest science fiction film ever made in a Rotten Tomatoes survey . In 1994 , it was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' . It was re-released in 1985 , and then again in 2002 to celebrate its 20th anniversary , with altered shots and additional scenes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b395d7d68fb3f2b31e9e5d1cafd8d679", "text": "Tarzan (disambiguation) Tarzan is a character created by writer Edgar Rice Burroughs . Tarzan may also refer to :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "abda6b65899e7bed9da63c0eeba4e343", "text": "Dances with Wolves Dances with Wolves is a 1990 American epic Western film directed by , produced by , and starring Kevin Costner . It is a film adaptation of the 1988 book of the same name by Michael Blake and tells the story of a Union Army lieutenant who travels to the American frontier to find a military post and his dealings with a group of Lakota Indians . Costner developed the film with an initial budget of $ 15 million . Dances with Wolves had high production values and won seven Academy Awards including Best Picture and the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture -- Drama . Much of the dialogue is spoken in Lakota with English subtitles . It was shot in South Dakota and Wyoming , and translated by Albert White Hat , the chair of the Lakota Studies Department at Sinte Gleska University . The film is credited as a leading influence for the revitalization of the Western genre of filmmaking in Hollywood . In 2007 , Dances with Wolves was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5f4c32797741a74c1b25fa6d76b95ed", "text": "Toy Story (franchise) Toy Story is a computer animated film series and Disney media franchise that began with the original 1995 film , Toy Story , produced by Pixar Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures . The franchise is based on the anthropomorphic concept that all toys , unknown to humans , are secretly alive , and the films focus on a diverse group of toys that feature a classic cowboy , Sheriff Woody , and modern spaceman , Buzz Lightyear . The group unexpectedly embark on adventures that challenge and change them . The first two films of the franchise were directed by John Lasseter , and the third by Lee Unkrich , who acted as the co-director of the second film ( together with Lasseter and Ash Brannon ) . Lasseter will return to direct the upcoming fourth film . All three films , produced on a total budget of $ 320 million , have grossed more than $ 1.9 billion worldwide . Each film set box office records , with the third included in the top 15 all time worldwide films . Critics have given all three films extremely positive reviews . Special Blu-ray and DVD editions of Toy Story and Toy Story 2 were released on March 23 , 2010 . They were also re-released in theaters as a Disney Digital 3-D `` double feature '' for at least two weeks in October 2009 . The series is the 24th highest-grossing franchise worldwide , the fifth highest-grossing animated franchise ( behind Shrek , Ice Age , Despicable Me and Madagascar ) , and is among the most critically acclaimed trilogies of all time . On November 1 , 2011 , all three Toy Story films were released in Disney Blu-ray 3D as a trilogy pack and as individual films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ede6f7b57b9166da7c8fe011e5285d18", "text": "Tarzan II Tarzan II ( also known as Tarzan II : The Legend Begins ) is a 2005 direct-to-video animated film , a prequel to the 1999 Walt Disney Feature Animation film Tarzan . It was released on June 14 , 2005 on DVD and VHS . The film tells the story of young Tarzan 's adventure to discover who he really is . Glenn Close and Lance Henriksen reprise their roles as Kala and Kerchak from the first film , while Harrison Chad , Brenda Grate , and Harrison Fahn are the new voices for the younger versions of Tarzan , Terk , and Tantor . They are joined by new characters voiced by George Carlin , Estelle Harris , Brad Garrett , and Ron Perlman .", "title": "" } ]
fever
8829811dcb6ef2841f8a8c62ab0f844b
American Gods is a book.
[ { "docid": "b1c3e61852d3b044f5c8ce4ec1072dfc", "text": "American Gods American Gods is a Hugo and Nebula Award-winning novel by English author Neil Gaiman . The novel is a blend of Americana , fantasy , and various strands of ancient and modern mythology , all centering on the mysterious and taciturn Shadow . Several of the themes touched upon in the book were previously glimpsed in The Sandman comic book series . The book was published in 2001 by Headline in the United Kingdom and by William Morrow in the United States . A special tenth anniversary edition , which includes the `` author 's preferred text '' and 12,000 additional words , was published in June 2011 by William Morrow . The text is identical to the signed and numbered limited edition released in 2003 by Hill House Publishers , and to the edition from Headline , Gaiman 's publisher in the UK since 2005 . The tenth anniversary edition marks the first time the author 's preferred text has been available in wide release outside the UK . Gaiman also did an extensive sold-out book tour celebrating the tenth anniversary and promoting the book in 2011 . There are two audio versions of the book , both produced and published by Harper Audio : an unabridged version of the original published edition , read by George Guidall , released in 2001 ; and a full cast audiobook version of the tenth anniversary edition , including the author 's preferred text and 12,000 additional words , released in 2011 . The full cast audiobook project also was announced on Neil Gaiman 's blog , along with a contest in which participants could submit audio auditions and the winner would get an all expense paid trip to New York City , to record a part for the audio book . In March 2017 , The Folio Society published a special collector 's edition of American Gods with many corrections to the author 's preferred text version . Gaiman described it as ` the cleanest text there has ever been ' . In April 2017 , Starz began airing an eponymous television adaptation of the novel . Bryan Fuller and Michael Green serve as showrunners , and Gaiman is an executive producer .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "2f9404ec22b99b8f632cb52201c08b62", "text": "God Is Not Great God Is Not Great : How Religion Poisons Everything is a 2007 book by Anglo-American author and journalist Christopher Hitchens , in which he makes a case against organized religion . It was published by Atlantic Books in the United Kingdom as God Is Not Great : The Case Against Religion . Hitchens posited that organised religion is `` violent , irrational , intolerant , allied to racism , tribalism , and bigotry , invested in ignorance and hostile to free inquiry , contemptuous of women and coercive toward children '' and sectarian , and that accordingly it `` ought to have a great deal on its conscience . '' He supports his position with a mixture of personal stories , documented historical anecdotes and critical analysis of religious texts . His commentary focuses mainly on the Abrahamic religions , although it also touches on other religions , such as Hinduism and Buddhism . The book received mixed reviews , but sold well .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2cd31ecd1e2365a241b8c742d67268f9", "text": "An American Translation The Bible , An American Translation ( AAT ) ( not to be confused with Beck 's American Translation done later ) consists of The Old Testament translated by a group of scholars under the editorship of John Merlin Powis Smith , the Apocrypha translated by Edgar J. Goodspeed , and The New Testament translated by Edgar J. Goodspeed . In a foreword to the 1949 edition , Goodspeed wrote , `` The rapid advance of learning in recent years in the fields of history , archaeology , and language has thrown new light upon every part of the Bible . At the same time our changing English speech has carried us farther and farther from the sixteenth-century diction in which all our standard versions of it are clothed . Yet the great messages of the Old and New Testaments were never more necessary than in our present confused and hurried life . We have , therefore , sought to produce a new translation of them , based upon the assured results of modern study , and put in the familiar language of today . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da321c0d37dd34d064a313286ff15be8", "text": "List of The New York Times Manga Best Sellers The New York Times Best Seller list for manga published in the United States was introduced on March 5 , 2009 , along with two additional lists for hardcover and paperback graphic novels . The three lists are grouped under the `` Graphic Books '' category . Deborah Hoffman , an editor for the Best Seller lists , explained that the term `` Graphic Books '' was selected to create an `` inclusive and expansive '' list which can extend to works of both fiction and non-fiction . Journalist George Gustines announced , in his introduction of the new lists , `` Comics have finally joined the mainstream . '' The announcement was made the week the film Watchmen , based on the comic book of the same name , was released in movie theaters throughout the U.S. . The Best Seller lists are printed weekly in The New York Times Book Review magazine , which is published in the Sunday edition of The New York Times and as a stand-alone publication . Gustines explained the methodology used to determine the rankings : Rankings reflect sales of graphic novels -LSB- ... -RSB- at many thousands of venues where a wide range of books are sold nationwide . These include hundreds of independent book retailers ( statistically weighted to represent all such outlets ) ; national , regional and local chains ; online and multimedia entertainment retailers ; university , gift , supermarket , discount department stores and newsstands . In addition , these rankings also include unit sales reported by retailers nationwide that specialize in graphic novels and comic books . On multiple occasions , manga have been listed outside its designated list . Mike Kiley , then-Senior Vice President of the publisher Tokyopop , explained in 2010 that it has become more difficult to draw a distinguishing line between works that are manga and manga-inspired , such as Korean manhwa and American original English language ( OEL ) manga . A Drifting Life , an autobiographical manga by Yoshihiro Tatsumi , appeared on the May 3 , 2009 , Best Seller list for paperback graphic novels , where it ranked third . X-Men : Misfits , an original English manga based on the X-Men comic book franchise , ranked fifth at its debut on the August 30 , 2009 , paperback graphic novels list , and stayed on the chart for five consecutive weeks . The first volume of a manhwa adaptation of the popular vampire-themed Twilight novels by Stephenie Meyer remained on the hardcover graphic novels Best Seller list for 27 consecutive weeks in 2010 . In January 2017 , the Times decided to stop producing the separate manga best seller list .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d6a6a009c61faf9330e5eb4ad894d27", "text": "The Culture of Disbelief The Culture of Disbelief ( ISBN 0-385-47498-9 ) is a 1994 book by Stephen L. Carter . In it , he holds that religion in the United States is trivialized by American law and politics , and that those with a strong religious faith are forced to bend to meet the viewpoint of a `` public faith '' which is largely faithless . Carter argues that there is a place for faith in public life , while still adhering to the separation of church and state . Category :1994 books Category : Books about politics of the United States Category : Religious studies books", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a00fef5938182719837944165541ee6b", "text": "American Dream, Global Nightmare American Dream , Global Nightmare is a book by Ziauddin Sardar and Merryl Wyn Davies ( Icon Books , 2004 ) . This book presents the neoconservative ideology of Pax Americana as ten laws . Law 1 : Fear is essential . Law 2 : Escape is the reason for being . Law 3 : Ignorance is bliss . Law 4 : America is the idea of nation . Law 5 : Democratisation of everything is the essence of America . Law 6 : American democracy has the right to be imperial and express itself through Empire . Law 7 : Cinema is the engine of Empire . Law 8 : Celebrity is the common currency of Empire . Law 9 : War is a necessity . Law 10 : American tradition and history are universal narratives applicable across all time and space .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee35aec186c52db4a94e83117b126ab5", "text": "Supreme Love Gods Supreme Love Gods were an alternative rock group from Fresno , California , active from 1990 to 1993 . They signed to Columbia/Sony Music in 1991 and released an EP in England entitled Righteous on One Little Indian later that year . Early the next year , the group was dropped from Columbia , and bassist Lance Carlos left the group , to be replaced by John Wilson . Their only full-length release was a self-titled album , issued on Def American in 1992 . `` Souled Out '' was released as a single and hit No. 16 on the U.S. Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart . The group toured with Ned 's Atomic Dustbin , 808 State , and Meat Beat Manifesto in 1993 . They began working on a new album in 1993 but broke up while recording it . Singer , Thomas Dew went on to form the band , A Million Seeds . Drummer Eric Dansby went on to play in The Shroud . In 2005 guitarist/keyboardist Tommy Joy formed Pusher and released the album ` Problems ' on indie label Oblivion Records . In 2008 Supreme Love Gods got together for a reunion show in their home town of Fresno , California .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "393d825dab984ab2c8f708ce82e3eb63", "text": "Godless: The Church of Liberalism Godless : The Church of Liberalism is a book by best-selling author and conservative columnist Ann Coulter , published in 2006 . The book is an argument against American liberalism , which Coulter regards as so anti-scientific and faith-based that it amounts to a `` primitive religion '' which she claims has `` its own cosmology , its own explanation for why we are here , its own gods , and its own clergy . '' Coulter asserts that `` the basic tenet of liberalism is that nature is god and men are monkeys . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "806271e02acbf98510899a74759a2090", "text": "Gods and Generals (novel) Gods and Generals is a novel which serves as a prequel to Michael Shaara 's 1974 Pulitzer Prize-winning work about the Battle of Gettysburg , The Killer Angels . Written by Jeffrey Shaara after his father Michael 's death in 1988 , the novel relates events from 1858 through 1863 during the American Civil War , ending just as the two armies march toward Gettysburg . Since 1988 , Jeff Shaara has written The Last Full Measure , which follows the events presented in The Killer Angels . In 2003 Gods and Generals was made into a film directed by Ronald F. Maxwell and starring Robert Duvall and Jeff Daniels . The film shares most of its cast with Gettysburg , the film adaptation of The Killer Angels .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "80c3560f70eefbd30de83f40a672fe6d", "text": "Godspeaker Godspeaker is an adult trilogy of fantasy novels written by Karen Miller about the land and people of a world unlike our own .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c0cd8d385665a1db86238e8f773109ca", "text": "Gods (Marvel Comics) Gods are fictional characters appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . Several characters in many stories have been referred to as gods . Generally , however , only those belonging to two specific types are considered to be the `` true '' gods . Other worlds besides Earth also have their own gods , with different origins .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "651fb7ee15e1ef1721204b79b0c3b414", "text": "Deseret Book Deseret Book ( -LSB- dɛz.əˈrɛt . -RSB- ) is the largest Latter-day Saint book publisher and also owns a chain of LDS bookstores in the Western United States . Over 150 people work in its Salt Lake City headquarters . Deseret Book is a wholly owned subsidiary of Deseret Management Corporation , the holding company for business firms owned by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ( LDS Church ) . Deseret Book is a for-profit corporation registered in Utah . Deseret Book publishes under four imprints with media ranging from works explaining LDS theology and doctrine , LDS-related fiction , electronic resources , and sound recordings such as Mormon Tabernacle Choir albums .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad6fe82fd2946450e207dc39809168ed", "text": "American Gods (TV series) American Gods is an American television series based on the novel of the same name , written by Neil Gaiman and originally published in 2001 . The television series was developed by Bryan Fuller and Michael Green for the premium cable network Starz . Fuller and Green are the showrunners for the series . Gaiman serves as an executive producer along with Fuller , Green , Craig Cegielski , Stefanie Berk , and Thom Beers . The first episode premiered on the Starz network and through their streaming application on April 30 , 2017 . In May 2017 , the series was renewed for a second season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4943672a5e94f6cfdf2e9ad52285df19", "text": "Religious qualifications for public office in the United States Religious qualifications for public office in the United States have always been prohibited at the national level of the federal system of government under the Constitution . Article VI of the Constitution of the United States declares that `` no religious test shall ever be required as a qualification to any office or public trust under the United States '' . The First Amendment of the Constitution also prevents the Congress of the United States from making any law `` respecting an establishment of religion '' ( the Establishment Clause ) . Neither the First Amendment nor Article VI , however , were originally applied to the individual states , and individual restrictions were utilized by individual states to prevent Jews , Catholics , and atheists from occupying public offices . State-level requirements for public office were not entirely abolished until 1961 , when the Supreme Court of the United States struck down religious qualifications for all public officeholders in its decision in Torcaso v. Watkins , a case concerning an atheist 's right to serve as a notary public under a Maryland law requiring public officials to declare they believed in God . However , eight states still have language in their constitutions that requires such qualifications .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cba9a55a2f6059c652a48a222be32bf1", "text": "Running from the Deity Running from the Deity ( 2005 ) is a science fiction novel by American writer Alan Dean Foster . The book is the tenth chronologically in the Pip and Flinx series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6011950894d9a9e522a35aaf2513f429", "text": "American Capitalism American Capitalism - The Concept of Countervailing Power is a book by John Kenneth Galbraith , written in 1952 . It contains a critique of the view that markets , left to their own devices , will provide socially optimal solutions . Galbraith agrees with F. A. Hayek as far as the assertion goes that `` the price system will fulfil -LSB- its -RSB- function only if competition prevails , that is , if the individual producer has to adapt to price changes and can not control them . '' The book presents Galbraith 's account of the inter-relationship between politics and economics which for Galbraith is based on a theory of competition guiding a capitalistic democratic society .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b1f482239ddcd72851e143f0f6a668da", "text": "Godhead Godhead ( from Middle English godhede , `` godhood '' , and unrelated to the modern word `` head '' ) , may refer to : Deity Divinity , the quality of being God Conceptions of God Godhead in Judaism , the unknowable aspect of God , which lies beyond his actions or emanations Godhead in Christianity , the substantial essence or nature of the Christian God Godhead , the concept of God in Mormonism God in Hinduism Brahman , the divine source of being , through which all emanates Paramatma , the `` oversoul '' or supreme spirit Three godheads ( Ayyavazhi ) or Trimurti , Brahmā , Vishnu and Śhiva Svayam Bhagavan or Supreme Personality of Godhead , the divine person from whom all emanates Other uses : Godhead ( band ) , an American industrial rock band Godhead ( album ) , an album by Scottish dream pop band Lowlife Krishna , the Supreme Personality of Godhead , a book by A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada Godhead Trilogy , science fiction series by James K. Morrow", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a51d1af78bf763051d7c66325ef6be86", "text": "Stephen Mansfield Stephen Lee Mansfield ( born 1958 ) is an American author who writes about history , modern culture , religion and men 's issues . His books have appeared on the New York Times best-seller list .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d8a4818b3024f115a2aa7a47e8861d3", "text": "The God Species The God Species : Saving the Planet in the Age of Humans ( alternatively , The God Species : How the Planet Can Survive the Age of Humans ( U.S. ) or The God Species : How Humans Really Can Save the Planet ... ( paperback ) ) is a 2011 book by environmental writer Mark Lynas . It argues that since the Earth has entered an age where several of its systems are in the control of humanity -- the Anthropocene -- it is now up to humans to use this power wisely . The book challenges several beliefs usually held by environmentalists , arguing that technology like nuclear power and genetic engineering are useful and necessary tools to keep the Earth system within planetary boundaries , and that the Green movement 's insistence on lifestyle changes and opposition to economic growth are unlikely to work .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4bd6174a70f57357735f12910309e5d", "text": "American Dervish American Dervish is a 2012 novel by Ayad Akhtar . The novel tells the story of a young Pakistani-American boy growing up in the American Midwest and his struggle with his identity and religion . The novel has been published in English , Italian ( La donna che mi insegnò il respiro ) , Norwegian ( Begynnelsen på et farvel ) , Dutch ( De hemelverdiener ) , Danish ( Tavshedens smerte ) and Spanish ( El aroma secreto del limón y las especias ) . The book will be released in 17 more languages by the end of 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "82f98c8f1e20f64c7d7a33a12764224b", "text": "American way The American way of life or simply the American way is the unique lifestyle of the people of the United States of America . It refers to a nationalist ethos that adheres to the principle of life , liberty and the pursuit of happiness . At the center of the American way is the American Dream that upward mobility is achievable by any American through hard work . This concept is intertwined with the concept of American exceptionalism , the belief in the unique culture of the nation . Author William Herberg offers the following definition : One commentator notes , `` The first half of Herberg 's statement still holds true nearly half a century after he first formulated it '' , even though `` Herberg 's latter claims have been severely if not completely undermined ... materialism no longer needs to be justified in high-sounding terms '' . In the National Archives and Records Administration 's 1999 Annual Report , National Archivist John W. Carlin writes , `` We are different because our government and our way of life are not based on the divine right of kings , the hereditary privileges of elites , or the enforcement of deference to dictators . They are based on pieces of paper , the Charters of Freedom - the Declaration that asserted our independence , the Constitution that created our government , and the Bill of Rights that established our liberties . ''", "title": "" } ]
fever
36fe270e1d14e1dfaa710d99dfbb6a4a
Radiohead is a river.
[ { "docid": "6a9deb79a3e7b71f7a7488341ca76a25", "text": "Radiohead Radiohead are an English alternative rock band from Abingdon , Oxfordshire , formed in 1985 . The band consists of Thom Yorke ( lead vocals , guitar , piano , keyboards ) , Jonny Greenwood ( lead guitar , keyboards , other instruments ) , Ed O'Brien ( guitar , backing vocals ) , Colin Greenwood ( bass ) , and Phil Selway ( drums , percussion , backing vocals ) . They have worked with producer Nigel Godrich and cover artist Stanley Donwood since 1994 . After signing to EMI in 1991 , Radiohead released their debut single `` Creep '' in 1992 . It became a worldwide hit after the release of their debut album , Pablo Honey ( 1993 ) . Their popularity and critical standing rose in the United Kingdom with the release of their second album , The Bends ( 1995 ) . Radiohead 's third album , OK Computer ( 1997 ) , propelled them to international fame ; noted for its complex production and themes of modern alienation , it is often acclaimed as a landmark record of the 1990s and one of the best albums in popular music . The group 's next albums Kid A ( 2000 ) and Amnesiac ( 2001 ) , recorded simultaneously , marked a dramatic change in style , incorporating influences from experimental electronic music , 20th-century classical music , krautrock , and jazz . Despite initially dividing listeners , Kid A was later named the best album of the decade by Rolling Stone , Pitchfork and the Times . Radiohead 's sixth album , Hail to the Thief ( 2003 ) , mixed rock and electronic music with lyrics inspired by the War on Terror , and was the band 's final album for EMI . Their subsequent releases have pioneered alternative release platforms such as pay-what-you-want and BitTorrent . Radiohead self-released their seventh album , In Rainbows ( 2007 ) , as a download for which customers could set their own price , to critical and chart success . Their eighth album , The King of Limbs ( 2011 ) , an exploration of rhythm , was developed using extensive looping and sampling . Their ninth album , A Moon Shaped Pool ( 2016 ) , prominently featured Jonny Greenwood 's orchestral arrangements . Radiohead have sold more than 30 million albums worldwide . Their work places highly in both listener polls and critics ' lists of the best music of the 1990s and 2000s . In 2005 , they were ranked 73rd in Rolling Stone 's list of `` The Greatest Artists of All Time '' ; Jonny Greenwood ( 48th ) and O'Brien ( 59th ) were both included in Rolling Stones list of greatest guitarists , and Yorke ( 66th ) in their list of greatest singers . In 2009 , Rolling Stone readers voted the group the second-best artist of the 2000s .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "a4978a6cbe356fb6d637db26db1b7511", "text": "Cuyahoga (song) `` Cuyahoga '' is a song by R.E.M. from their 1986 album Lifes Rich Pageant . It was written primarily by R.E.M. bassist Mike Mills and drummer Bill Berry . It is one of R.E.M. 's earliest environmentally conscious songs , along with the album 's lead single , `` Fall on Me '' . The themes of Cuyahoga include the pollution of the Cuyahoga River in Ohio and the treatment of American Indians earlier in American history . Despite the grim themes , according to R.E.M. biographer David Buckley , the lyrics are `` words of optimism , partnership and community , set against an age of individualism . '' R.E.M. guitarist Peter Buck said of the song that the song `` is a metaphor for America and its lost promises . This is where the Indians were and now look at it . It 's one of the ugliest fucking rivers in the world . '' The song opens with the lines `` Let 's put our heads together and start a new country up , '' which R.E.M. biographer Tony Fletcher describes as sounding like a `` call to arms . '' On the other hand , music writer Craig Rosen feels that the line adds to the song 's optimism . Another line in the song states that `` we 'll burn the river down . '' This line comes from the fact that as early as the 1910s the river was so polluted that one method of cleaning the river was to throw a torch in it and thus burn the pollutants . The river also actually caught fire in 1969 , an event which helped raise awareness of water pollution . This was another inspiration for the song , and for other songs such as Randy Newman 's `` Burn On . '' Newman biographer Kevin Courrier believes that `` Burn On '' was an influence on `` Cuyahoga . '' Buckley describes the melody as `` beautiful '' and the refrain as `` anthemic . '' Musically , `` Cuyahoga '' is propelled by Mills ' bassline . Musician Ken Stringfellow described `` Cuyahoga '' as being `` an anthem , but it 's not self-congratulatory . It 's about what 's gone wrong with our country . It was an anti-anthem in that way . It took on an issue , but it was still unifying and powerful . That 's a hard thing to do well . '' Slant critic Jonathan Keefe noted that even 25 years after the song 's initial release its `` optimism ... is still inspiring and relevant . '' He goes on to note that the song 's message `` reflects an intelligent and decidedly nonpartisan approach to political reconstruction without resorting to ... didacticism . '' Pitchfork Media critic Stephen M. Deusner states that `` With its rousing chorus and pensive bass line , ` Cuyahoga ' mails postcard dispatches from a museum where rivers and plains are artifacts , consigned to diorama and memory rather than reality . '' According to music author Martin Charles Strong , `` Cuyahoga '' ( and `` Fall on Me '' ) showed the band developing `` an assured poise . '' Fletcher described `` Cuyahoga '' as the `` lyrical peak '' of Lifes Rich Pageant . It is one of Mills ' favorite songs and one he particularly enjoys playing live . `` Cuyahoga '' has appeared on several R.E.M. compilation albums , including The Best of R.E.M. in 1991 and And I Feel Fine ... The Best of the I.R.S. Years 1982 -- 1987 in 2006 . It was also included on the live albums R.E.M. Live , Unplugged : The Complete 1991 and 2001 Sessions and Live at the Olympia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0ee8a2815bc7ef289a39d78ce1c57858", "text": "Rainy River (Minnesota–Ontario) The Rainy River ( French : Rivière à la Pluie ; Ojibwe : Gojiji-ziibi ) is a river , approximately 137 km long , which forms part of the Canada -- United States border separating northern Minnesota and Northwestern Ontario . The river issues from the west side of Rainy Lake ( French : lac à la Pluie ; Ojibwe : Gojiji-zaaga ` igan ) and flows generally west-northwest , between International Falls , Minnesota , and Fort Frances , Ontario , and between Baudette , Minnesota , and Rainy River , Ontario . It enters the southern end of Lake of the Woods approximately 19 km northwest of Baudette and Rainy River . It is used for hydroelectricity at International Falls . The river shares its name with the town of Rainy River , Ontario , and Rainy Lake . In addition , it shares its Ojibwe name with the Couchiching First Nation and Koochiching County , Minnesota . The drainage basin of the river stretches east to the height of land about 100 km west of Lake Superior , where it was the southeast corner of the huge tract of land granted to the Hudson 's Bay Company in 1670 . It ultimately drains through the Winnipeg River , Lake Winnipeg and the Nelson River into Hudson Bay . The Baudette-Rainy River International Bridge and the Fort Frances-International Falls International Bridge both cross the Rainy River . The Ontario and Rainy River Railway , opened in 1901 and now part of Canadian National , follows the river on the Canadian side . The river was the site of the short story `` On the Rainy River '' in Tim O'Brien 's novel The Things They Carried .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b47750a9d46b7a212ce0e611e89d0fd4", "text": "Pop Is Dead `` Pop Is Dead '' is a song by the British alternative rock band Radiohead . It was released as a non-album single in on 10 May 1993 , only several months after their debut single `` Creep '' and their debut album Pablo Honey . `` Pop Is Dead '' reached number 42 on the UK Singles Chart in May 1993 . It was subsequently included in the two disc collector 's edition of Pablo Honey .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c3515df9dc2d39f1c5de5a3c1b239ee8", "text": "Imprint (Vision of Disorder album) Imprint , released on July 14 , 1998 , is the second album by metalcore , hardcore band Vision of Disorder . It was their last album released while signed to Roadrunner Records ; it remains their best-selling album to date . Greg Prato of Allmusic said of the album , `` Undoubtedly the best heavy album of 1998 '' in his review for the prestigious collective . The album is also known for its popular song `` By the River '' , in which singer Tim Williams has a duet with Pantera vocalist Phil Anselmo .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8360646adea0507cd07c3e46dd4d0eec", "text": "The Eye (radio station) 103 The Eye is a community radio station in Great Britain . The station broadcasts on 103.0 FM in Melton Mowbray and across the Vale of Belvoir and via the internet . It takes its name from the River Eye which flows through Melton .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "423f39734ba1681be90684b0f008cbb3", "text": "Find the River `` Find the River '' is a song by R.E.M. , released as the sixth and final single from their eighth album Automatic for the People . It was the twelfth and final track on this critically acclaimed release . The song failed to chart on the Billboard Hot 100 and struggled on the UK Singles Charts , reaching # 54 in December 1993 . It was the first R.E.M. song released as a single to fail to reach the top 40 on either chart since `` Get Up '' in 1989 . Regarding the song 's backing vocals , Mike Mills explained to Melody Maker : '' ` Harborcoat ' from Reckoning has got me and Michael and Bill all doing completely unrelated things , and yet it works together . Because of the production we insisted on from Mitch and Don , which I know must have been incredibly frustrating for them , it 's hard to pick out exactly what 's going on . We tried it again on `` Find The River . '' I had the idea that Bill and I would go in and do some harmonies without listening to each other . It 's great because mine is this incredibly angst-ridden emotional thing , and Bill 's is this really low-key sort of ambling part . They 're two opposite ends of the spectrum but they 're both on there , and it 's a beautiful thing . '' The music video was shot in Malibu , California , directed by Jodi Wille , and features a stripped-down studio performance by the band and Los Angeles `` outsider '' artist Henry Hill . In An Hour with R.E.M. , which aired on MTV UK prior to the band 's televised performance at Cologne Cathedral in 2001 , Mills introduced the video and explained that he selected it `` because ... I 've never seen it , and I have absolutely no idea what 's on it . '' In the Warner Bros. promotional film for Automatic for the People , the band is seen performing the song live in their Clayton Street rehearsal room .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "48c8d979dbad7a59cc4a302917c31e82", "text": "River Till The River Till is a river of north-eastern Northumberland . It is a tributary of the River Tweed , of which it is the only major tributary to flow wholly in England . The upper part of the Till , which rises on Comb Fell , is known as the River Breamish . Its tributaries include Wooler Water , which originates in the Cheviot Hills , and the River Glen in Glendale . It meets the Tweed near Berwick-upon-Tweed and the Twizel Viaduct . According to local folklore : Tweed said to Till `` What gars ye rin sae stil ? '' Says Till to Tweed , `` Though ye rin wi ' speed And I rin slaw Whar ye droon yin man I droon twa '' Recent environmental projects have included an attempt to conserve the native brown trout .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "69b386654cb3a2d840b25f5ddc70520c", "text": "D River The D River is a river in Lincoln City , Oregon , United States . The once-nameless river , is the `` shortest river in the world '' was listed in the Guinness World Records as the world 's shortest river at 440 ft. This title was lost in 1989 when Guinness named the Roe River in Montana as the world 's shortest . Attempting to reclaim the title , the people of Lincoln City submitted a new measurement to Guinness of about 120 ft marked at `` extreme high tide '' . Starting in 2006 , the Guinness Book of World Records did not list a category for shortest river . The D river flows from Devils Lake , under U.S. Route 101 , and into the Pacific Ocean , entirely within the city limits of Lincoln City . The D River State Recreation Site off Highway 101 is home to two of the world 's largest kite festivals in the spring and fall . This area was originally settled as the town of Delake , which was later incorporated with other nearby towns to form Lincoln City in 1965 . The river had been known by several names , including simply `` the outlet '' , and earned its short name in a contest .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c1b2c763c83f176486a076d6e4b97c94", "text": "True Love Waits (song) `` True Love Waits '' is a song by the English alternative rock band Radiohead . Its lyrics address love , ageing , and abandonment . Radiohead first performed `` True Love Waits '' in 1995 , and singer Thom Yorke performed it alone on acoustic guitar or Rhodes piano numerous times in the following years . The band and their producer Nigel Godrich attempted to record it for their albums OK Computer ( 1997 ) , Kid A ( 2000 ) and Amnesiac ( 2001 ) , but struggled to find an arrangement that satisfied them , and it became one of their most famous unreleased songs . A live recording from the Amnesiac tour was released on I Might Be Wrong : Live Recordings ( 2001 ) . In 2016 , a studio version of `` True Love Waits '' was finally released as the closing track on Radiohead 's ninth album , A Moon Shaped Pool , rearranged as a minimal piano ballad . Both versions of the song received positive reviews , and several critics felt the long wait made the studio version more powerful . Though it was not released as a single , `` True Love Waits '' entered the French SNEP and US Billboard Hot Rock Songs singles chart , peaking at 181 and 43 respectively .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "72af0e2eb39badfaebc2f3d69241c42f", "text": "Riverwalk Jazz Riverwalk Jazz is a popular weekly public radio series distributed by Public Radio International .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "056c5ebeb4ba9f00dfdf9abc44e7d1ca", "text": "WHCN WHCN ( 105.9 MHz `` The River 105.9 '' ) is a commercial FM radio station licensed to Hartford , Connecticut . The station is owned by iHeartMedia , Inc. . Its format is Adult Contemporary in which it blends classic rock and new wave , with current and recent hit songs . It is similar to the `` JACK-FM '' format . `` The River '' brand , shared with many adult contemporary stations nationwide , is a local reference to the Connecticut River . WHCN 's transmitter operates at 16,000 watts from West Peak State Park in Meriden , New Haven County . Because it is only about 100 miles from New York City , home of 105.9 WQXR-FM , WHCN uses a directional antenna to avoid interference . Studios and offices are on Columbus Boulevard in Hartford .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "053bb11d237049a8acc418f906478018", "text": "The National Anthem (Radiohead song) `` The National Anthem '' is a song by English rock band Radiohead , and the third track from their fourth studio album Kid A ( 2000 ) . The song is moored to a repetitive bassline , has a processed electronic production and develops in a direction influenced by jazz . It has been played frequently at Radiohead concerts since the release of Kid A in 2000 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "225bdff6c5a7db27476effa6466a05b4", "text": "North River (Hudson River) North River is an alternate name for the southernmost portion of the Hudson River in the vicinity of New York City and northeastern New Jersey in the United States . The colonial name for the entire Hudson was given to it by the Dutch in the early seventeenth century , the term fell out of general use for most of the river 's 300 + mile course during the early 1900s . However it still retains currency as an alternate or additional name among local mariners and others as well as appearing on some nautical charts and maps . The term is used for infrastructure on and under the river , such as the North River piers , North River Tunnels , and the North River Wastewater Treatment Plant . At different times `` North River '' has referred to the entire Hudson ; the approximate 160-mile portion of the Hudson below its confluence with the Mohawk River , which is under tidal influence ; the portion of it running between Manhattan and New Jersey ; and just the short length flowing between Lower Manhattan and Hudson County , New Jersey . Its history is strongly connected to New York Harbor 's shipping industry , which shifted primarily to Port Newark in the mid-20th century due to the construction of the Holland Tunnel and other river crossings and the advent of containerization . The names for the lower portion of the river appear to have remained interchangeable for centuries . In 1909 , construction of two tunnel projects was under way : one was called the North River Tunnels , the other , the Hudson Tubes . That year the Hudson-Fulton Celebration was held , commemorating Henry Hudson , the first European to record navigating the river , and Robert Fulton , the first man to use a paddle steamer in America , after their invention by the Marquis de Jouffroy d'Abbans in 1774 , named the North River Steamboat , to sail up it , leading to controversy over what the waterway should be called .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4f68753c6d75e81a97b928b7745c751", "text": "Bodysnatchers (song) `` Bodysnatchers '' is a song by the English rock band Radiohead , released as the second single from their seventh studio album In Rainbows ( 2007 ) in May 2008 . The song was initially released alongside the song `` House of Cards '' as a promotional single in the United Kingdom . `` Bodysnatchers '' was later officially serviced to United States modern rock radio by ATO Records in May 2008 . It subsequently peaked at number eight on the Billboard Hot Modern Rock Tracks chart , their highest-placing song on the chart since `` Creep '' in 1993 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "73052663377d9a4c9c89ba6eb2e882e6", "text": "List of longest rivers of the United States (by main stem) The main stems of 38 rivers in the United States are at least 500 mi long . The main stem is `` the primary downstream segment of a river , as contrasted to its tributaries '' . The United States Geological Survey ( USGS ) defines a main-stem segment by listing coordinates for its two end points , called the source and the mouth . Well-known rivers like the Atchafalaya , Willamette , and Susquehanna are not included in this list because their main stems are shorter than 500 miles . Seven rivers in this list cross or form international boundaries . Two -- the Yukon and Columbia rivers -- begin in Canada and flow into the United States . Three -- the Milk and Saint Lawrence rivers and the Red River of the North -- begin in the United States and flow into Canada . Of these , only the Milk River crosses the international border twice , leaving and then re-entering the United States . Two rivers , the Colorado and the Rio Grande , begin in the United States and flow into or form a border with Mexico . In addition , the drainage basins of the Mississippi and Missouri rivers extend into Canada , and the basin of the Gila River extends into Mexico . Sources report hydrological quantities with varied precision . Biologist and author Ruth Patrick , describing a table of high-discharge U.S. rivers , wrote that data on discharge , drainage area , and length varied widely among authors whose works she consulted . `` It seems , '' she said , `` that the wisest course is to regard data tables such as the present one as showing the general ranks of rivers , and not to place too much importance on minor ( 10 -- 20 % ) differences in figures . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "27c426144d4613b02e7b35f0032bde5e", "text": "River Wear The River Wear ( -LSB- ˈwɪər -RSB- , ) in North East England rises in the Pennines and flows eastwards , mostly through County Durham to the North Sea in the City of Sunderland . At 60 mi long , it is one of the region 's longest rivers , wends in a steep valley through the cathedral city of Durham and gives its name to Weardale in its upper reach and Wearside by its mouth .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e8acd7b9fd47912e1cb956ae1dfc9cf", "text": "River Skell The River Skell is a 12 mi tributary of the River Ure in North Yorkshire , England . The source of the river lies in boggy ground on moorland 2 mi north of Pateley Bridge . For its first 2 mi the river is known as Skell Beck . Descending from the moor the river enters a narrow wooded valley known as Skell Gill . The river valley gradually broadens , but remains well wooded , passing the villages of Skelding and Grantley and the 17th century Grantley Hall . The river then enters Studley Royal Park and flows past Fountains Hall and the ruins of Fountains Abbey . Below the abbey the river was dammed in the 18th century to form an ornamental lake and water garden . Below the park the river enters the city of Ripon , and on the outskirts of the city receives its largest tributary , the River Laver . The Skell enters the River Ure 0.5 mi east of the centre of Ripon . The name is from the Old Norse skjallr , meaning `` resounding '' , from its swift and noisy course . In the Middle Ages the river was also known as `` Heaven Water '' , presumably from its association with Fountains Abbey . The flow of the River Skell has been measured at Alma Weir in Ripon , near to its confluence with the Ure since 1984 . The thirty year record shows that the catchment of 120 km2 to the gauging station yields an average flow of 1.54 m3/s . In June 2007 the highest river level was recorded of 1.8 m over the weir , which was estimated to have a flow of 103 m3/s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8ef499e6ce7d023758a85c56ae88e744", "text": "Medway Navigation The River Medway in England flows for 70 mi from Turners Hill , in West Sussex , through Tonbridge , Maidstone and the Medway Towns conurbation in Kent , to the River Thames at Sheerness , where it shares the latter 's estuary . The Medway Navigation runs from the Leigh Barrier south of Tonbridge to Allington just north of Maidstone . It is 19 mi in length . The Environment Agency is the navigation authority responsible for the navigation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "481f136b95f7d487b106e7f6ce46cb3b", "text": "River crab (Internet slang) River crab and Harmonious/Harmonize/Harmonization are Internet slang terms created by Chinese netizens in reference to Internet censorship or the other censorship of China . In Chinese Mandarin , the word `` River crab '' , which originally means Chinese mitten crab , sounds similar to `` Harmonious/Harmonize/Harmonization '' in the word `` Harmonious society '' , Chinese leader Hu Jintao 's signature ideology .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a12a657f2a01dabd2f40fc39f30e8986", "text": "River Truro The Truro River is a river in the city of Truro in Cornwall , England , UK . It is the product of the convergence of the two rivers named Kenwyn and Allen which run under the city : the Truro River ( named after the city ) flows into the River Fal , estuarial waters where wildlife is abundant , and then out into the Carrick Roads . The river is navigable up to Truro . The river valleys form a bowl surrounding the city on the north , east and west and open to the Truro River in the south . The fairly steep-sided bowl in which Truro is located , along with high precipitation swelling the rivers and a spring tide in the River Fal , were major causes of flooding in 1988 which caused large amounts of damage to the city centre . Since then , flood defences have been constructed around the city , including an emergency dam at New Mill on the River Kenwyn and a tidal barrier on the Truro River , to prevent future problems .", "title": "" } ]
fever
82254ab7ac086d10f01800c19d4bffb1
Arnold Schwarzenegger served two terms in public office.
[ { "docid": "8b095a7cd7aff78f5852b1738fe675f5", "text": "Arnold Schwarzenegger Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger ( -LSB- ˈʃwɔːrtsənˌɛɡər -RSB- -LSB- ˈaɐ̯nɔlt ˈalɔʏs ˈʃvaɐ̯tsn̩ˌɛɡɐ -RSB- ; born July 30 , 1947 ) is an Austrian-American actor , producer , businessman , investor , author , philanthropist , activist , politician and former professional bodybuilder . He served two terms as the 38th Governor of California from 2003 to 2011 . Schwarzenegger began weight training at the age of 15 . He won the Mr. Universe title at age 20 and went on to win the Mr. Olympia contest seven times . Schwarzenegger has remained a prominent presence in bodybuilding and has written many books and articles on the sport . He is widely considered to be among the greatest bodybuilders of all time as well as bodybuilding 's biggest icon . Schwarzenegger gained worldwide fame as a Hollywood action film icon . His breakthrough film was the sword-and-sorcery epic Conan the Barbarian in 1982 , a box office hit that resulted in a sequel . In 1984 , Schwarzenegger appeared in James Cameron 's science-fiction thriller film The Terminator , a critical and commercial success . Schwarzenegger subsequently reprised the Terminator character in the franchise 's later installments : Terminator 2 : Judgment Day ( 1991 ) , Terminator 3 : Rise of the Machines ( 2003 ) , and Terminator Genisys ( 2015 ) . He has appeared in a number of successful films , such as Commando ( 1985 ) , The Running Man ( 1987 ) , Predator ( 1987 ) , Twins ( 1988 ) , Total Recall ( 1990 ) , Kindergarten Cop ( 1990 ) , and True Lies ( 1994 ) . In 2015 , it was announced that Schwarzenegger would replace Donald Trump as the host of The Celebrity Apprentice , though he left after one season due to conflicts caused by Trump 's remarks . Schwarzenegger was nicknamed `` the Austrian Oak '' in his bodybuilding days , `` Arnie '' during his acting career , and `` The Governator '' ( a portmanteau of `` Governor '' and `` The Terminator '' ) during his political career . As a Republican , Schwarzenegger was first elected on October 7 , 2003 , in a special recall election to replace then-Governor Gray Davis . He was sworn in on November 17 , to serve the remainder of Davis ' term . He was then re-elected on November 7 , 2006 , in the 2006 California gubernatorial election , to serve a full term as governor , defeating Democrat Phil Angelides , who was California State Treasurer at the time . Schwarzenegger was sworn in for his second term on January 5 , 2007 . In 2011 , he completed his second term as governor and returned to acting .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "46ab5f7e2ee007e767693d0bb20173a8", "text": "Henry H. Arnold Henry Harley `` Hap '' Arnold ( June 25 , 1886 -- January 15 , 1950 ) was an American general officer holding the grades of General of the Army and General of the Air Force . Arnold was an aviation pioneer , Chief of the Air Corps ( 1938 -- 1941 ) , Commanding General of the U.S. Army Air Forces , the only U.S. Air Force general to hold five-star rank , and the only officer to hold a five-star rank in two different U.S. military services . Arnold was also the founder of Project RAND , which evolved into one of the world 's largest non-profit global policy think tanks , the RAND Corporation , and one of the founders of Pan American World Airways . Instructed in flying by the Wright Brothers , Arnold was one of the first military pilots worldwide , and one of the first three rated pilots in the history of the United States Air Force.Arnold , Capt. Charles DeF . Chandler , and Lt. Thomas Milling all qualified for the rating on July 5 , 1912 . Milling received the first certificate while Arnold was listed first on War Department General Order No. 39 , which was the first list of rated Military Aviators . He overcame a fear of flying that resulted from his experiences with early flight , supervised the expansion of the Air Service during World War I , and became a protégé of Gen. Billy Mitchell . Arnold rose to command the Army Air Forces immediately prior to American entry into World War II and directed its hundred-fold expansion from an organization of little more than 20,000 men and 800 first-line combat aircraft into the largest and most powerful air force in the world . An advocate of technological research and development , his tenure saw the development of the intercontinental bomber , the jet fighter , the extensive use of radar , global airlift and atomic warfare as mainstays of modern air power . Arnold 's most widely used nickname , `` Hap , '' was short for `` Happy , '' attributed variously to work associates when he moonlighting as a silent film stunt pilot in October 1911 , or to his wife , who began using the nickname in her correspondence in 1931 following the death of Arnold 's mother . He was called Harley by his family during his youth , and `` Sunny '' by both his mother and wife . Arnold was known to his West Point classmates as `` Pewt '' or `` Benny '' . By his immediate subordinates and headquarters staff he was referred to as `` The Chief . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bfc201293475e261a8145d0713ea4684", "text": "United States Congress The United States Congress is the bicameral legislature of the federal government of the United States consisting of two chambers : the Senate and the House of Representatives . The Congress meets in the Capitol in Washington , D.C. Both senators and representatives are chosen through direct election , though vacancies in the Senate may be filled by a gubernatorial appointment . Members are usually affiliated to the Republican Party or to the Democratic Party , and only rarely to a third party or as independents . Congress has 535 voting members : 435 Representatives and 100 Senators . The House of Representatives has six non-voting members in addition to its 435 voting members . These members can , however , sit on congressional committees and introduce legislation . These members represent Washington , D.C. , Puerto Rico , American Samoa , Guam , the Northern Mariana Islands and the U.S. Virgin Islands . The members of the House of Representatives serve two-year terms representing the people of a single constituency , known as a `` district '' . Congressional districts are apportioned to states by population using the United States Census results , provided that each state has at least one congressional representative . Each state , regardless of population or size , has two senators . Currently , there are 100 senators representing the 50 states . Each senator is elected at-large in their state for a six-year term , with terms staggered , so every two years approximately one-third of the Senate is up for election .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8f0ff2bf3d911fc82831f608220343cb", "text": "Poet Laureate of New Jersey The Poet Laureate of New Jersey ( statutorily known as New Jersey William Carlos Williams Citation of Merit ) was an honor presented biennially by the Governor of New Jersey to a distinguished New Jersey poet . Created in 1999 , this position existed for less than four years and was abolished by the legislature effective July 2 , 2003 . When the New Jersey State Legislature created the laureate position , the bill provided specifically for the creation of an award named in honor of twentieth-century poet and physician William Carlos Williams ( 1883 -- 1963 ) who resided in Rutherford , New Jersey . However , the legislature recognized that the award 's recipient would `` be considered the poet laureate of the State of New Jersey for a period of two years . Before the position was abolished , only two poets , Gerald Stern and Amiri Baraka , had been appointed as the state 's poet laureate . The legislature 's bill was signed into law by Governor Christine Todd Whitman . It was expected that the award 's recipient -- the poet laureate -- would `` engage in activities to promote and encourage poetry within the State and shall give no fewer than two public readings within the State each year . '' In this respect , New Jersey 's poet laureate was similar to the position of Poet laureate in other American states and in several other countries . However , a public reading in September 2002 by the state 's second laureate , Newark-based poet Amiri Baraka of his poem `` Somebody Blew Up America '' was met with harsh criticism by the public and news media . The poem which explores terrorist attacks on September 11 , 2001 was considered to be violent , incendiary and anti-Semitic , and the ensuing controversy ignited a political firestorm . Because of Baraka 's defiant refusals to apologize or resign as poet laureate and that there was no mechanism within the law to remove him , the position was abolished by the legislature and Governor James E. McGreevey in 2003 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a349d3338ea0e5b54eeea4f683327133", "text": "1975 Mr. Olympia The 1975 Mr. Olympia contest was an IFBB professional bodybuilding competition held November 4 -- 11 , 1975 in Pretoria , South Africa . It was the 11th Mr. Olympia competition and the feature event of the 1975 IFBB International Congress . The event was filmed for the 1977 docudrama Pumping Iron which featured the rivalry between competitors Arnold Schwarzenegger and Lou Ferrigno as they trained for the contest . Although not released until two years after the event , the success of the film made Arnold Schwarzenegger an international celebrity , contributed to his success as Hollywood actor , and helped establish bodybuilding as a professional sport .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "129e9cf5d678fe17d3d655e57e026899", "text": "Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt The presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt began on March 4 , 1933 , when he was inaugurated as the 32nd President of the United States , and ended upon his death on April 12 , 1945 , a span of ( 4422 days ) . Roosevelt assumed the presidency in the midst of the Great Depression . Starting with his landslide victory over Republican President Herbert Hoover in the 1932 election . He won a record four presidential terms , and became a central figure in world affairs during World War II . His program for relief , recovery and reform , known as the New Deal , involved a great expansion of the role of the federal government in the economy . Under his steady leadership , the Democratic Party built a `` New Deal Coalition '' of labor unions , big city machines , white ethnics , African Americans , and rural white Southerners , that would significantly realign American politics for the next several decades in the Fifth Party System and also define modern American liberalism . During his first hundred days in office , Roosevelt spearheaded unprecedented major legislation and issued a profusion of executive orders that instituted the New Deal -- a variety of programs designed to produce relief ( government jobs for the unemployed ) , recovery ( economic growth ) , and reform ( through regulation of Wall Street , banks and transportation ) . He created numerous programs to support the unemployed and farmers , and to encourage labor union growth while more closely regulating business and high finance . The repeal of Prohibition in 1933 added to his popularity , helping him win re-election by a landslide in 1936 . The economy improved rapidly from 1933 to 1937 , but then relapsed into a deep recession in 1937 -- 38 . The bipartisan Conservative Coalition that formed in 1937 prevented his attempted packing of the Supreme Court , and blocked most of his legislative proposals , aside from the Fair Labor Standards Act . When the war began and unemployment largely became a non-issue , conservatives in Congress repealed the two major relief programs , the WPA and CCC , but kept most of the regulations on business . Along with several smaller programs , major surviving programs from the New Deal include the Securities and Exchange Commission , the Wagner Act , the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation , and Social Security . A potential worldwide war loomed after 1937 , with the Japanese invasion of China and the aggression of Nazi Germany , which invaded Poland in September 1939 . Roosevelt remained officially neutral but gave strong diplomatic and financial support to China , the United Kingdom , Free France , and the Soviet Union via initiatives such as the Lend-Lease programs . Following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7 , 1941 , Roosevelt sought and obtained a declaration of war upon Japan . A few days later , he sought and obtained a declaration of war upon the other major Axis powers , Germany and Italy . Assisted by his top aide Harry Hopkins , and with very strong national support , he worked closely with British Prime Minister Winston Churchill , Soviet leader Joseph Stalin , and Chinese Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek in leading the Allies during World War II . He supervised the mobilization of the U.S. economy to support the war effort , and the war saw the end of the massive unemployment that characterized the Great Depression . Roosevelt sought to desegregate the federal workforce with the Fair Employment Practice Committee , but he also controversially ordered the internment of 100,000 Japanese American civilians . As an active military leader , Roosevelt implemented a war strategy on two fronts that ended in the defeat of the Axis Powers and the development of the world 's first nuclear bomb . Though he died months before the end of the war , his work on the post-war order shaped the new United Nations and the Bretton Woods international financial system . Roosevelt 's health seriously declined during the war years , and he died three months into his fourth term . He was succeeded by Vice President Harry S. Truman . It was on Roosevelt 's watch that the Democratic Party was returned to dominance , prosperity returned , and two great military enemies were destroyed . Scholars , historians and the public typically rank Roosevelt alongside Abraham Lincoln and George Washington as one of the three greatest U.S. Presidents .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5ec69f76f862c9b38e890e8e962e56ca", "text": "Modern liberalism in the United States Modern American liberalism is the dominant version of liberalism in the United States . It is characterized by social liberalism , and combines ideas of civil liberty and equality with support for social justice and a mixed economy . The term `` modern liberalism '' in this article refers only to the United States . In a global context , this philosophy is usually referred to as social liberalism . The American modern liberal philosophy strongly endorses public spending on programs such as education , health care , and welfare . Important social issues today include addressing inequality , voting rights for minorities , affirmative action , reproductive and other women 's rights , support for LGBT rights , and immigration reform . Modern liberalism took shape during the twentieth century , with roots in Theodore Roosevelt 's New Nationalism , Woodrow Wilson 's New Freedom , Franklin D. Roosevelt 's New Deal , Harry S. Truman 's Fair Deal , John F. Kennedy 's New Frontier , and Lyndon B. Johnson 's Great Society . American liberals oppose conservatives on most issues , but not all . Modern liberalism is historically related to social liberalism and progressivism , though the current relationship between liberal and progressive viewpoints is debated . John F. Kennedy defined a liberal as follows : Franklin Delano Roosevelt in 1941 defined a liberal party as one , Keynesian economic theory has played an important role in the economic philosophy of modern American liberals . Modern American liberals generally believe that national prosperity requires government management of the macroeconomy , in order to keep unemployment low , inflation in check , and growth high . They also value institutions that defend against economic inequality . In The Conscience of a Liberal Paul Krugman writes : `` I believe in a relatively equal society , supported by institutions that limit extremes of wealth and poverty . I believe in democracy , civil liberties , and the rule of law . That makes me a liberal , and I 'm proud of it . '' Liberals often point to the widespread prosperity enjoyed under a mixed economy in the years since World War II . They believe liberty exists when access to necessities like health care and economic opportunity are available to all , and they champion the protection of the environment . Modern American liberalism is typically associated with the Democratic Party , as modern American conservatism is typically associated with the Republican Party .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "69831e90195f1f85bda68d86ee01fbc7", "text": "Newt Arnold Newt Arnold ( February 22 , 1922 -- February 12 , 2000 ) was an American film director , producer and screenwriter . Arnold directed Bloodsport , which was released in 1988 and has since become a cult film and several other screen works . Arnold was the two-time recipient of the Directors Guild of America Award for his work as an assistant director of The Godfather Part II and 12 Angry Men .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "334023e806946ea13029bda3fed2a3ae", "text": "The Selling of the President 1968 The Selling of the President 1968 is a non-fiction book written by American author Joe McGinniss and published by Trident Press in October , 1969 . The book describes the marketing of Richard Nixon during the 1968 presidential campaign . It has been described as `` a classic of political journalism '' and a `` classic of campaign reporting that first introduced many readers to the stage-managed world of political theater . '' It was reprinted in 1988 under the title The Selling of the President . McGinniss became an overnight success when the book , his first , landed on The New York Times bestseller list . He was 26 years old , making him the youngest living writer with that achievement . The book was on the New York Times non-fiction bestseller list for 31 weeks from October 1969 to May 1970 . The idea for the book came to McGinniss almost serendipitously : -LSB- He -RSB- stumbled across his book 's topic while taking a train to New York . A fellow commuter had just landed the Hubert Humphrey account and was boasting that ` in six weeks we 'll have him looking better than Abraham Lincoln . ' McGinniss tried to get access to Humphrey 's campaign first , but they turned him down . So he called up Nixon 's , and they said yes . '' . The book was very well received by both critics and the public . It `` spent more than six months on best-sellers lists , and McGinniss sold a lot of those books through television , appearing on the titular shows of Merv Griffin , David Frost and Dick Cavett , among others . '' Conservative writer William F. Buckley `` assumed McGinniss had relied on ` an elaborate deception which has brought joy and hope to the Nixon-haters . ' But even Buckley liked the book . '' In 1972 , the book was adapted into a short-lived Broadway musical .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a243ea0955b3f772f9a0970490d0940", "text": "New York's 23rd congressional district special election, 2009 The 2009 special election for New York 's 23rd congressional district was held on November 3 , 2009 , to select the successor to Republican John M. McHugh . McHugh was nominated to become United States Secretary of the Army on June 2 , 2009 , and resigned as representative of New York 's 23rd congressional district on September 21 , 2009 , after being confirmed by the Senate . The Democratic Party and the Working Families Party nominated businessman and attorney Bill Owens , and the Conservative Party of New York nominated businessman and accountant Doug Hoffman . The Republican Party and Independence Party nominated State Assembly member Dierdre Scozzafava , who withdrew from the race three days before the election and endorsed Owens . On Election Day , Owens defeated Hoffman . The 2009 special election received significant national attention , and was alternately described as `` a referendum on President Barack Obama '' and `` a fight over the identity of the Republican Party . '' The race was also noteworthy due to the Tea Party movement influence on its outcome , and for its impact on same-sex marriage legislation in New York .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "573d9b24e8cb9d8347ef5de04bef6cac", "text": "Richard Nixon Foundation The Richard Nixon Foundation is a not-for-profit organization based at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum in Yorba Linda , California . It was founded in the late 1980s by Richard Nixon , 37th President of the United States , and served as the governing body of the Nixon Library for nearly twenty years . Today it operates the Nixon Library in conjunction with the National Archives and Records Administration , which is an entity of the federal government of the United States , in addition to undertaking charitable and education-based activities . The Nixon Foundation founded , controlled and operated the Nixon Library from the library 's dedication on July 19 , 1990 until July 11 , 2007 , at which the Foundation invited the National Archives to take control . The two entities signed a joint operating agreement which allowed the library to become officially known as the Richard Nixon Presidential Library , welcoming it into the national system of presidential libraries . This move allowed President Nixon 's White House documents to be moved to his library in Yorba Linda . The Nixon Foundation is governed by a Board of Directors , led by former Nixon White House Director of Presidential Advance Ronald H. Walker . The board includes President Nixon 's daughters Tricia Nixon Cox and Julie Nixon Eisenhower , his brother Edward Nixon , former Ambassador George Argyros former California Governor Pete Wilson , and longest-serving Vietnam War POW Everett Alvarez , Jr. . The Foundation 's President and CEO is William Baribault . The Foundation has hosted United States presidents , first ladies and several vice presidents . Also hosted have been public affairs commentators such as Bill O'Reilly , academics such as Doris Kearns Goodwin , and Supreme Court Justice Stephen Breyer . The library includes `` Meet the Presidents , '' in which presidential impersonators speak to several hundred school-aged children . To commemorate the 10th anniversary of the September 11 , 2001 attacks , the Nixon Foundation brought 16 tons of warped steel from the World Trade Center and a damaged , first-responder FDNY firetruck to the Nixon Library for viewing . Before the National Archives took over its management , the Nixon Library had been accused by several media outlets of glossing over Nixon 's 1974 resignation with `` whitewashed '' exhibits . In 2007 , the National Archives removed the 17 year old Watergate exhibit and , after three years , the new exhibit was scheduled to open in July 2010 . The Nixon Foundation objected to the proposed exhibit , because the Nixon Foundation was not consulted in the way that other presidential foundations had been consulted with similar situations . The Foundation filed a 158 page memorandum to the Assistant Archivist for Presidential Libraries expressing their dissatisfaction and NARA stated a committee would review the objection but gave no timeline for when that process would be concluded . The exhibit opened on March 31 , 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cbd7d3bbcb245f28a7d82f9b4a8c0de4", "text": "Heidelberg Appeal The Heidelberg Appeal , authored by Michel Salomon and signed by a large number of scientists , is a statement decrying `` an irrational ideology which is opposed to scientific and industrial progress , and impedes economic and social development . '' Issued to coincide with the opening of the United Nations-sponsored Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro in 1992 , the Appeal stated that its signers : `` share the objectives of the ` Earth Summit ' '' but advised `` the authorities in charge of our planet 's destiny against decisions which are supported by pseudo-scientific arguments or false and non-relevant data . ... The greatest evils which stalk our Earth are ignorance and oppression , and not Science , Technology and Industry . '' It was carefully worded to be directed generally at underfunded and poorly conducted science , rather than specifically at climate change . This allowed it to be promoted and exploited by a number of different industries by using this in the context of their own pollution defenses . In fact , the Appeal was created and promoted by a group of industry associations with polluting problems ( including chemical , energy , and mining concerns ) : the tobacco industry was involved , but in this case it was not the primary driving force . At that time the tobacco industry was focussed on trying to change the scientific standards for Good Epidemiology Practice ( GEP ) A version of the Heidelberg Appeal was published in the June 1 , 1992 , Wall Street Journal over the signatures of 46 prominent scientists and other intellectuals . It has subsequently been endorsed by some 4,000 scientists , including 72 Nobel Prize winners . The Appeal was for an anthropocentric assessment of the world 's resources and a utilitarian as opposed to abolitionist approach to hazardous substances used or created by technology . It targeted as irrational , by implication , if not explicitly , both a vision of a `` Natural State '' with intrinsic rights to impede the activities of man , and hysterical fears of environmental poisons , disproportionate to the threat and dismissive of their associated benefits . The Heidelberg Appeal has been enthusiastically embraced by critics of the environmental movement such as S. Fred Singer of the Science and Environmental Policy Project . Conservative think tanks frequently cite the Heidelberg Appeal as proof that scientists reject the theory of global warming as well as a host of other environmental health risks associated with modern science and industry . Its name has subsequently been adopted by the Heidelberg Appeal Nederland Foundation , which was founded in 1993 and disputes health risks related to nitrates in foods and antibiotic-resistant bacteria . The Heidelberg Appeal was promoted in 1993 by the International Center for a Scientific Ecology , a group set up by Michael Salomon `` that was considered important in Philip Morris ' plans to create a group in Europe similar to The Advancement of Sound Science Coalition ( TASSC ) '' . Parts of the Heidelberg Appeal endorse environmental concerns , such as a sentence that states , `` We fully subscribe to the objectives of a scientific ecology for a universe whose resources must be taken stock of , monitored and preserved . '' Its 72 Nobel laureates include 49 who also signed the `` World Scientists ' Warning to Humanity '' , which was circulated that same year by the Union of Concerned Scientists ( UCS ) and attracted the majority of the world 's living Nobel laureates in science along with some 1,700 other leading scientists . In contrast with the vagueness of the Heidelberg Appeal , the `` World Scientists ' Warning '' is a very explicit environmental manifesto , stating that `` human beings and the natural world are on a collision course '' and citing ozone depletion , global climate change , air pollution , groundwater depletion , deforestation , overfishing , and species extinction among the trends that threaten to `` so alter the living world that it will be unable to sustain life in the manner that we know . '' Moreover the Heidelberg Appeal has been , if not specifically misrepresented , at least broadly interpreted out of context , for example , by The National Center for Public Policy which asserts `` The appeal warns industrialized nations that no compelling scientific consensus exists to justify mandatory greenhouse gas emissions cuts . '' Although the Heidelberg Appeal may be open to such an interpretation , it is not what the document said , as the text below shows . 1994 Jun 16 Matt Winokur then sends to a list of PM organisers a note saying : APCo ( the old spelling of APCO Worldwide ) is completing its evaluation of a Symposium for Europe in the fall . They have forwarded the draft Guiding Scientific Principles ( or GEP ) which would constitute the outcome of such a meeting . They are on the right track but the language is too vague . ( Tom ) Borelli and ( Richard ) Carchman will review and tighten . Obviously , any output from the symposium must be supportive of GEP . So the bottom line for both the GEP resolution and GEP Symposium must be in synch . Burson ( Marsteller ) has begun its feasibility review based on a more explicit understanding that GEP is what we are interested in promoting . I gather from Jim -LSB- Lindheim of B-M -RSB- that there may have been a misunderstanding as to whether or not Burson was to have proceeded with the review prior to the presentation of a `` joint '' proposal -LSB- APCO and B-M -RSB- . I was aware that Burson began and take responsibility for allowing them to proceed . If you do n't want to pay for it then I will . But the intelligence obtained from their interviews with potential coalition sponsors as well as information about analogous efforts by existing groups , e.g. , Heidelberg , will be critical to the development of a comprehensive Burson/APCo proposal . -LSB- Note : after a territory battle , Philip Morris had suggested that rivals APCO and B-M present this as a joint proposal -RSB- The Burson research is necessary now in order to tell us whether it is possible or efficient to try to develop an enduring -LSB- ` Sound Science ' -RSB- coalition following on from the symposium . Possible , in that there may prove to be an insufficient amount of interest in the corporate sector for such a movement . Efficient , in that there may already exist analogous groups which we could use without going to the effort of starting one from scratch . And we need to be careful not to step on unseen toes . For example , Bruce Ames is part of TASSC and Heidelberg . Do we need/want him on a third group in Europe ? Thus the benefit in having Burson complete the study now , is that what they learn will be factored into both the content of the symposium AND inform us as to what options are available after the symposium concludes . If we only want a one off event , that 's our decision . But I would think we 'd at least want a mechanism to be able to tap the participants to later on endorse the GEP resolution in the appropriate EU institutions . The Burson research will also turn up corporate interest in GEP in general which may help us identify allies regardless of whether we do either a symposium or create a coalition . The presentation therefore at the next TF mtg. will be a single proposal for PM prepared jointly by Burson and APCo . And I 've asked Margery -LSB- Krause of APCO -RSB- and Jim -LSB- Lindheim of B-M -RSB- to come themselves , as well as any other support staff they may wish to have accompany them .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "53f27b00d10d88c30a227b3d82e16421", "text": "Unitary executive theory The unitary executive theory is a theory of American constitutional law holding that the President possesses the power to control the entire executive branch . The doctrine is rooted in Article Two of the United States Constitution , which vests `` the executive power '' of the United States in the President . Although that general principle is widely accepted , there is disagreement about the strength and scope of the doctrine . It can be said that some favor a `` strongly unitary '' executive , while others favor a `` weakly unitary '' executive . The former group argue , for example , that Congress 's power to interfere with intra-executive decision-making ( such as firing executive branch officials ) is limited , and that the President can control policy-making by all executive agencies within the limits set for those agencies by Congress . Still others agree that the Constitution requires a unitary executive , but believe this to be a bad thing , and propose its abolition by constitutional amendment . In several states , in contrast to the federal government , executive officers such as lieutenant governor , attorney general , comptroller , secretary of state and others are elected independently of the state 's governor , with Texas being one example . This type of executive structure is known as a plural executive . Another type of plural executive , used in Japan , Israel , and Sweden , though not in any U.S. state , in which a collegial body comprises the executive branch - however , that collegial body does not comprise multiple members elected in elections , but is rather more akin to the US Cabinet in formation and structure .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e2a35ac42cd7fef5c10eae083c0e3392", "text": "Jack Kemp Jack French Kemp ( July 13 , 1935 -- May 2 , 2009 ) was an American politician and a professional gridiron football player . A Republican , he served as Housing Secretary in the administration of President George H. W. Bush from 1989 to 1993 , having previously served nine terms as a congressman for Western New York 's 31st congressional district from 1971 to 1989 . He was the Republican Party 's nominee for Vice President in the 1996 election , where he was the running mate of presidential nominee Bob Dole . Kemp had previously contended for the presidential nomination in the 1988 Republican primaries . Before entering politics , Kemp was a professional quarterback for 13 years . He played briefly in the National Football League ( NFL ) and the Canadian Football League ( CFL ) , but became a star in the American Football League ( AFL ) . He served as captain of both the San Diego Chargers and Buffalo Bills and earned the AFL Most Valuable Player award in 1965 after leading the Bills to a second consecutive championship . He played in the AFL for all 10 years of its existence , appeared in its All-Star game seven times , played in its championship game five times , and set many of the league 's career passing records . Kemp also co-founded the AFL Players Association , for which he served five terms as president . During the early part of his football career , he served in the United States Army Reserve . As an economic conservative , Kemp advocated low taxes and supply-side policies during his political career . His positions spanned the social spectrum , ranging from his conservative opposition to abortion to his more libertarian stances advocating immigration reform . As a proponent of both Chicago school and supply-side economics , he is notable as an influence upon the Reagan agenda and the architect of the Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981 , which is known as the Kemp -- Roth tax cut . After his days in political office , Kemp remained active as a political advocate and commentator , and served on corporate and nonprofit organization boards . He also authored , co-authored , and edited several books . He promoted American football and advocated for retired professional football players . Kemp was posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2009 by President Barack Obama . He was famously quoted saying , `` We must win the war on poverty by enlisting the greatest weapon ever invented : Free Enterprise '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4fabdc47572748f939ed3b2d724e109d", "text": "Economic policy of the Barack Obama administration The economic policy of the Barack Obama administration was characterized by moderate tax increases on higher income Americans designed to fund healthcare reform , reduce the federal budget deficit , and improve income inequality . His first term ( 2009 -- 2013 ) included measures designed to address the Great Recession and Subprime mortgage crisis , which began in 2007 . These included a major stimulus package , banking regulation , and comprehensive healthcare reform . As the economy improved and robust job creation continued during his second term ( 2013 -- 2017 ) , the Bush tax cuts were allowed to expire for the highest income taxpayers and a spending sequester ( cap ) was implemented , to further reduce the deficit back to typical historical levels . Towards the end of his tenure , the U.S. economy was nearing full employment such that the Federal Reserve began raising interest rates , real household income was nearing its pre-crisis peak , gas prices were very low , and GDP grew 3.5 % . He also implemented several environmental executive orders to address climate change and encourage clean energy industries , as the U.S. enjoyed an unprecedented increase in energy production . Both the stock market and corporate profits reached record high levels during his tenure , while inflation and interest rates remained near record low levels . Conceptually , Obama advocated using government regulation to stem crony capitalism and tax revenue to stabilize and promote economic growth . Two of his important economic advisers were Jason Furman of Harvard University and Jeffrey Liebman of Harvard University . In 2006 , Obama wrote , `` We should be asking ourselves what mix of policies will lead to a dynamic free market and widespread economic security , entrepreneurial innovation and upward mobility -LSB- ... -RSB- we should be guided by what works . '' Speaking before the National Press Club in April 2005 , he defended the New Deal social welfare policies of Franklin D. Roosevelt , associating Republican proposals to establish private accounts for Social Security with Social Darwinism .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e265b89d1c5e7d841be7b3afcba9ae00", "text": "Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985 The Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985 ( or COBRA ) is a law passed by the U.S. Congress on a reconciliation basis and signed by President Ronald Reagan that , among other things , mandates an insurance program which gives some employees the ability to continue health insurance coverage after leaving employment . COBRA includes amendments to the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 ( ERISA ) . The law deals with a great variety of subjects , such as tobacco price supports , railroads , private pension plans , emergency room treatment , disability insurance , and the postal service , but it is perhaps best known for Title X , which amends the Internal Revenue Code and the Public Health Service Act to deny income tax deductions to employers ( generally those with 20 or more full-time equivalent employees ) for contributions to a group health plan unless such plan meets certain continuing coverage requirements . The violation for failing to meet those criteria was subsequently changed to an excise tax . Although this statute became law on April 7 , 1986 , its official name is the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985 . Because of the discrepancy between the official name of the Act and the year in which it was enacted , some government publications refer to the Act as the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1986 . The Act is often referred to simply as `` COBRA '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7b1e9ad0adbc3ed9ec081d1b10c55088", "text": "List of members of the United States House of Representatives who served a single term One-term congressmen are members of the United States House of Representatives that spent only one two-year term ( or less ) in office usually either due to death , resignation , or defeat . In some rare cases freshmen members have decided to run for another office or not run for reelection . A good many members that serve in the House for only one term are viewed as accidental congressmen due to having been elected in a fluke election or by riding in on the coattails of a popular presidential candidate . Among the most famous one-term congressmen were Abraham Lincoln , who served as a Whig in the 30th Congress of 1847-1849 and was later the 16th President of the United States ; John Marshall , who was elected as a Federalist to the 6th Congress and was later the 4th Chief Justice of the Supreme Court ; William Pennington , who served as a Republican in the 36th Congress and was the first sitting Speaker of the House to be defeated in a bid for re-election ; Joseph Pulitzer , the famed newspaper man that resigned from office during his first term ; George Sutherland , who served as a Republican in the 57th Congress and was later an associate U.S. Supreme Court justice ; and William M. `` Boss '' Tweed , who served as a Democrat to the 33rd Congress and later went on to become infamous for his leadership of Tammany Hall , the dominant political machine in New York City throughout the nineteenth century ; and Isidor Straus , the co-owner of Macy 's department store who died in the sinking of the Titanic .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f558d28c8d60aea044e11c8b03680436", "text": "President of Germany The President of Germany , officially the President of the Federal Republic of Germany ( Bundespräsident der Bundesrepublik Deutschland ) , is the head of state of Germany . Germany has a parliamentary system of government in which the Chancellor is the nation 's leading political figure and de facto chief executive . However , the President has a role which , while not an executive post , is more than ceremonial . Presidents have extensive discretion regarding the way they exercise their official duties . The President gives direction to general political and societal debates and has some important `` reserve powers '' in case of political instability ( such as those provided for by Article 81 of the Basic Law ) . Under Article 59 ( 1 ) of the Basic Law ( German Constitution ) , the President represents the Federal Republic of Germany in matters of international law , concludes treaties with foreign states on its behalf and accredits diplomats . Furthermore , all federal laws must be signed by the President before they can come into effect , but usually he or she only vetoes a law that he/she believes to violate the constitution . The President , by his or her actions and public appearances , represents the state itself , its existence , its legitimacy , and unity . The President 's office involves an integrative role and the control function of upholding the law and the constitution . It is a matter of political tradition -- not legal restrictions -- that the President generally does not comment routinely on issues in the news , particularly when there is some controversy among the political parties . This distance from day-to-day politics and daily governmental issues allows the President to be a source of clarification , to influence public debate , to voice criticism , offer suggestions and make proposals . In order to exercise this power , he/she traditionally acts above party politics . The 12th and current officeholder is Frank-Walter Steinmeier who was elected on 12 February 2017 and started his first five-year-term on 19 March 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7de64b34dc9120bd8cfd5587ae2e8906", "text": "Governor of Vermont The Governor of the U.S. state of Vermont is the head of the government of the state . The governor is elected in even-numbered years by direct voting for a term of two years . Vermont and bordering New Hampshire are now the only states to hold gubernatorial elections every two years , instead of every four as in the other 48 states . There is no limit on the number of terms a governor can serve . If no candidate receives at least 50 percent plus one vote of all votes for governor cast in the election , the governor is then elected by the state legislature . The incumbent governor is Phil Scott . He was sworn in on Thursday January 5 , 2017 , becoming Vermont 's 82nd Governor . The governor 's working offices are located in The Pavilion in the state capital of Montpelier , Vermont . The governor 's ceremonial office , used during the legislative session of the General Assembly , is located in the Vermont State House , also in Montpelier . The Constitution of Vermont details the powers of the governor : To commission or appoint all officers ( `` except where provision is , or shall be , otherwise made by law or this Frame of Government '' ) To fill all vacancies in office until the office can be filled in the manner directed by state constitution or by state law To correspond with other States To `` transact business with officers of government , civil and military '' To `` prepare such business as may appear necessary , to lay before the General Assembly . To grant pardons and remit fines , except for cases of treason , in which the Governor may only grant reprieves until the end of the next session of the General Assembly , and for cases of impeachment , in which the Governor can not grant either reprieves or pardons To `` take care that the laws be faithfully executed '' and `` expedite the execution of such measures as may be resolved upon by the General Assembly '' To `` draw upon the Treasury for such sums as may be appropriated by the General Assembly '' To `` lay embargoes , or prohibit the exportation of any commodity '' for up to 30 days during a recess of the General Assembly To `` grant such licenses as shall be directed by law '' To call special sessions of the General Assembly when necessary To be the `` Captain-General and Commander-in-Chief '' of the `` forces of the State '' ( the Vermont State Guard and Vermont National Guard ) , although the Governor can not `` command in person , in time of war , or insurrection , unless by the advice and consent of the Senate , and no longer than they shall approve thereof '' There is a separately-elected Lieutenant Governor of Vermont . The Lieutenant Governor becomes the new Governor , if the incumbent Governor dies , resigns or is removed ( via impeachment ) from office . The Lieutenant Governor is also the Lieutenant-General of the `` forces of the State . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e820b03baf546d3b303f25470084b756", "text": "United States presidential election in California, 1980 The 1980 United States presidential election in California refers to how California participated in the 1980 United States presidential election . California voted for the Republican nominee , the state 's former governor Ronald Reagan , in a landslide over the Democratic incumbent , Jimmy Carter . Reagan won his home state by a wide 16.78 % margin and carried all but three counties . Among the counties Reagan won was Plumas , the first Republican victory in that county since 1920 . Reagan is also the last Republican candidate to carry the counties of Marin and Santa Cruz in a presidential election . 1980 stands as the last election in which California voted more Republican than the United States as a whole . This election indeed constitutes the most Republican California has voted relative to the whole nation since 1928 , when anti-Catholic prejudice against Al Smith had a substantial influence ; here , it was widely believed that Carter lacked understanding of critical Western issues , most importantly water development .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bfeed463da196e0a020ca2a77c58a06c", "text": "William Howard Arnold (physicist) William Howard Arnold is an American nuclear physicist , with primary areas of expertise in nuclear power , nuclear fuel , and nuclear waste disposal . He was president and manager of the first privately owned uranium-enrichment facility in the United States , Louisiana Energy Services . He was responsible for reactor physics design of the first series of Westinghouse Corporation commercial nuclear reactors , and served as president of the Nuclear International Division of Westinghouse Corporation . He designed nuclear reactor cores for civilian power reactors , for space power and propulsion , and for production of nuclear materials . He managed multidisciplinary groups of engineers and scientists working in reactor core design , and led work that promoted the use of centrifuge technology in uranium enrichment . He was general manager of the Advanced Energy Systems Division of Westinghouse Electric Company . From 1986 to 1989 , he was vice president of Westinghouse Hanford Company , responsible for engineering , development and project management at the Hanford Site . Later in his career he became involved in an advisory capacity in the cleanup of Department of Energy ( DOE ) nuclear weapons material production sites , such as in the vitrification plant at the Savannah River Site . In 1974 , he was elected to the National Academy of Engineering for his contributions to the systems engineering of light-water nuclear power plants and to the design of commercial pressurized water reactors for nuclear systems . He is a Fellow of and served on the Board of Directors of the American Nuclear Society . He is an expert on nuclear waste disposal , participating in several National Academy of Sciences studies , including chairing the 2003 study , titled `` Improving the Scientific Basis for Managing DOE 's Excess Nuclear Materials and Spent Nuclear Fuel '' . In 2004 , United States President George W. Bush appointed Dr. Arnold to the U.S. Nuclear Waste Technical Review Board .", "title": "" } ]
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9b3ab1a39bf6c26185d001f4bd06aa45
An album of Drake (musician) became platinum.
[ { "docid": "e8b297360ebc066af4a4b015a35313c6", "text": "Drake (musician) Aubrey Drake Graham ( born October 24 , 1986 ) better known by the stage name Drake , is a Canadian rapper , singer , songwriter , record producer , and actor . Drake initially gained recognition as an actor on the teen drama television series Degrassi : The Next Generation in the early 2000s . Intent on pursuing a career as a rapper , he departed the series in 2007 following the release of his debut mixtape , Room for Improvement . He released two further independent projects , Comeback Season and So Far Gone , before signing to Lil Wayne 's Young Money Entertainment in June 2009 . Drake released his debut studio album Thank Me Later in 2010 , which debuted at number one on the U.S. Billboard 200 and was soon certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) . His next two releases were 2011 's Take Care and 2013 's Nothing Was the Same , with certifications of quadruple and triple platinum respectively in the U.S. , with the former also earning him his first Grammy Award for Best Rap Album . They were followed by two mixtapes , with the trap-influenced If You 're Reading This It 's Too Late , and a collaboration with Future for What a Time to Be Alive , in 2015 , which both also earned platinum certification in the U.S. Drake released his fourth album , Views , in 2016 , breaking several chart records in the process . The dancehall-influenced album sat atop the Billboard 200 for ten nonconsecutive weeks , becoming the first album by a solo male to do so in over 10 years . Its single `` One Dance '' topped the chart in several countries , including the U.S. , the UK and Canada , where it became his first number-one single as the lead artist . This saw Drake leading the Billboard Hot 100 and the Billboard 200 simultaneously for eight weeks , coming close to a record held by Whitney Houston . It achieved quadruple platinum status in the U.S. , and earned over 1 million album-equivalent units in the first week of its release . The single `` Hotline Bling '' secured him his second and third Grammy win , for Best Rap/Sung Performance and Best Rap Song , at the organization 's 59th ceremony . Drake released the multi-genre More Life in 2017 . Described by Drake as a playlist , it was his seventh consecutive number one on the Billboard 200 , and set multiple streaming records . Drake owns several Billboard chart records . He has the most charted songs ( 154 ) among solo artists in the history of the Billboard Hot 100 , the most simultaneously charted Hot 100 songs in a single week ( 24 ) , and the most Hot 100 debuts in a week ( 21 ) . Drake also has the most number one singles on the Hot Rap Songs , Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Airplay and Rhythmic Charts . Alongside his Grammy Award wins , Drake has won three Juno Awards and six American Music Awards . Drake has developed other ventures , including his OVO Sound record label with longtime collaborator Noah `` 40 '' Shebib . Drake acts as a producer , producing under the pseudonym of Champagne Papi . Using the `` OVO '' moniker , Drake has his own clothing line and his own program on Beats 1 Radio . He is also currently acting as the global ambassador for NBA franchise , the Toronto Raptors .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "207300cc510cb6690113a698edad7deb", "text": "Aldo Nova (album) Aldo Nova is the self-titled debut album by Canadian hard rock musician Aldo Nova , released in 1982 . It reached number 8 on the Billboard 200 and was certified Gold by the RIAA on May 14 , 1982 , Platinum on February 14 , 1989 , and Double Platinum on December 5 , 1994 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1c8d168628e6b70b8e3b129713cde680", "text": "Reincarnated (album) Reincarnated is the twelfth studio album by American recording artist Snoop Dogg . It is his first release under his reggae persona Snoop Lion . The album was released on April 23 , 2013 , under Berhane Sound System , Mad Decent , Vice Records and RCA Records . The album is his departure from hip hop and his debut in the reggae genre . The album 's production was handled mainly by Diplo and his group Major Lazer . The album features guest appearances from Busta Rhymes , Akon , Chris Brown , Mavado , Popcaan , Mr. Vegas , Collie Buddz , Miley Cyrus , Rita Ora , and Drake among others . The album 's production was handled by Major Lazer , Ariel Rechtshaid , 6Blocc , Dre Skull , Supa Dups and Diplo , who also served as executive producer . It is a companion project to the documentary film Reincarnated . The album was nominated at the 56th Annual Grammy Awards for Best Reggae Album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bb404d9bcaec4563bc57b911d4ec398d", "text": "Major Key (album) Major Key ( stylized as Major ð ''` ) is the ninth studio album by DJ Khaled . It was released on July 29 , 2016 , by We the Best Music Group and Epic Records . The album features guest appearances from Future , Big Sean , Rick Ross , Jay Z , Drake , Nas , Kendrick Lamar , Betty Wright , J. Cole , Bryson Tiller , Nicki Minaj , Chris Brown , August Alsina , Jeremih , Kodak Black , Jeezy , French Montana , YG , Yo Gotti , Gucci Mane , 2 Chainz , Jadakiss , Fabolous , Fat Joe , Busta Rhymes , Kent Jones , Travis Scott , Lil Wayne , Meghan Trainor , Wiz Khalifa , Wale and Mavad The album was supported by four singles , `` For Free '' , `` I Got the Keys '' , `` Holy Key '' and `` Do You Mind '' . Major Key received generally positive reviews from critics and debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 . The album was certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) in November 2016 . It received a Grammy nomination for Best Rap Album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fef7f1ad35a6c91d84dbd12e22226492", "text": "Platinum in da Ghetto Platinum In da Ghetto is the fifth studio album of Houston rapper Lil ' Keke . It was released on November 16 , 2001 and features guest appearances from 8Ball & MJG , E.S.G. , Slim Thug , C-Note , Big Hawk and more . There is also a screwed & chopped version available .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c8e59643d3464485732e11cc8f15cb6d", "text": "Drake Equation (album) Drake Equation is a 2001 ( see 2001 in music ) album by the band Tub Ring . It was produced by Mr. Bungle guitarist Trey Spruance .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2922456af640137e0ae590ce8f9dad0d", "text": "400 Degreez 400 Degreez is the 3rd studio album by Magnolia Projects , New Orleans , Louisiana-based rapper Juvenile . The album was released on November 3 , 1998 , on Cash Money Records . It remains Juvenile 's best-selling album of his solo career and currently the best-selling album ever released on Cash Money Records along with Drake 's Views ( album ) . The album was certified 4x Platinum by the RIAA , on December 19 , 1999 . Two singles , `` Ha '' and `` Back That Azz Up '' became hip hop hits in the United States . `` Back That Azz Up '' peaked at # 19 on the Billboard Hot 100 music chart along with `` Ha '' which peaked at # 68 on the hot 100 music chart . The album peaked at # 2 on Billboard 's Top R&B / Hip Hop Albums music chart and at # 9 on the Billboard 200 music chart in 1999 . It also went to claim the # 1 position on the Top R&B / Hip Hop Albums chart on the Billboard Year-End chart for 1999 . As a single , `` Back That Azz Up '' was released , credited , and charted as the more censored `` Back That Thang Up '' . Also the album features a bonus remix of the single `` Ha '' with New York rapper Jay-Z , the only guest appearance outside of Cash Money and the 1st time Ca $ h Money collaborated with an east coast rapper on a song . As of 2013 , 400 Degreez has sold well over 5 million copies worldwide . The album won R&B Album Of The Year at the 1999 Billboard Music Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "106ae4371412686a08b197b1c094ea26", "text": "The Marshall Mathers LP The Marshall Mathers LP is the third studio album by American rapper Eminem . It was released on May 23 , 2000 , by Aftermath Entertainment , Interscope Records , and Eminem 's newly founded label , Shady Records in the United States , and on September 11 , 2000 , by Polydor Records in the United Kingdom . The album was produced mostly by Dr. Dre and Eminem , along with The 45 King , the Bass Brothers , and Mel-Man . Released a year after Eminem 's breakout album The Slim Shady LP , the record features more introspective lyricism including the rapper 's response to his sudden rise to fame and controversy surrounding his lyrics . The album sold more than 1.78 million copies in the US in its first week alone , becoming the fastest-selling studio album by any solo artist in American music history . In 2001 , the album won the Grammy Award for Best Rap Album and was nominated for Album of the Year . Eminem lost the latter to jazz-rock duo Steely Dan and their album Two Against Nature . The album was certified Diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America in March 2011 for shipping 10 million copies in the United States . By December 2016 , the album had sold over 11 million copies in the United States and more than 32 million copies worldwide . A sequel to the album , The Marshall Mathers LP 2 , was released on November 5 , 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a96f2e972590cd1956fd525f33f19775", "text": "Aspire Music Group Aspire Music Group , LLC is an American record label founded by Cortez Bryant , Gerald `` Gee '' Roberson and Derrick Lawrence in 2008 . Their roster currently only includes multi-platinum Canadian rapper Drake .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "74195fa2c977695cf1f4dda3fcdad4a5", "text": "Y.A.L.A. `` Y.A.L.A. '' is a song by recording artist M.I.A. from her fourth album Matangi , released in 2013 . It was released as the fourth single from the album . The track was written by M.I.A. together with Ruben Fernhout and Jerry Leembruggen of the Dutch production team The Partysquad who also produced the track . The song 's title stands for `` You Always Live Again '' , which was seen as a response to the slogan `` Y.O.L.O. '' ( `` You Only Live Once '' ) , popularised by rapper Drake in his 2011 song `` The Motto '' . The track refers to reincarnation and karma , some of the concepts relating to Hinduism that M.I.A. has incorporated into the album . The lyrics also reference Fidel Castro , Cristiano Ronaldo , offshore banking and Julianne Moore . `` Y.A.L.A. '' was previewed on singer 's SoundCloud account on 16 October , and subsequently made available for download on 22 October 2013 upon pre-ordering Matangi . The song served as the fourth single from the album . It was performed on The Colbert Report , Late Night with Conan O'Brien , and the Matangi Tour . The track was met with mostly positive feedback . AllMusic picked `` Y.A.L.A. '' as one of the highlights on the album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "66beaa429c8888f36e7a01fd082d9896", "text": "My Worlds Acoustic My Worlds Acoustic is the first remix album by Canadian recording artist Justin Bieber . It was released on November 26 , 2010 and was initially sold exclusively at Walmart retail stores and Sam 's Club . The album features nine acoustic versions of songs from his debut extended play , My World , and first album My World 2.0 , as well as a new song `` Pray . '' The new versions of the songs were produced by Bieber 's music director , Dan Kanter , his vocal producer Kuk Harrell , and also producer Rob Wells . Internationally , the set is included as a part of the compilation album , My Worlds : The Collection , which included songs from the previous two releases . My Worlds Acoustic was released to iTunes , on February 8 , 2011 . According to Bieber , he wanted to release the album for the naysayers who critiqued his actual singing ability . The singer said that he wanted to have an acoustic album , to reflect the effect of production on his vocals . Although labeled as an acoustic album , the songs still include subtle usages of electronic sounds such as synthesizers . The album received generally favorable reviews from critics , however most critics were not satisfied that the album was not genuinely acoustic . In Canada , the song debuted at number five , and later peaked at number four on the Canadian Albums Chart and certified Platinum by the Canadian Recording Industry Association . My Worlds Acoustic debuted at number seven on the US Billboard 200 , selling 115,000 copies in its first week , becoming Bieber 's third consecutive top ten album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1ccec1b92d1c141b81edde97b10c7e5b", "text": "Radio (LL Cool J album) Radio is the debut studio album by American rapper LL Cool J , released November 18 , 1985 on Def Jam Recordings in the United States . It serves as the label 's first full-length album release . Recording sessions for the album took place during 1984 to 1985 at Chung King House of Metal in New York City . The album was primarily produced by Rick Rubin , who provided a sparse and minimal production style . Radio also features a sound that is punctuated by DJ scratching , mostly brief samples , and emphasis of the downbeat . LL Cool J 's b-boy lyricism conveys themes of inner city culture , teenage promiscuity , and braggadocio raps . The album experienced a significant amount of commercial success and sales for a hip hop record at the time , earning U.S. Billboard chart success and selling over 500,000 copies within its first five months of release . On April 19 , 1989 , Radio was certified platinum in sales by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) , following sales in excess of one million copies in the United States . Initial criticism of the album was generally positive , as LL Cool J 's lyricism and Rick Rubin 's production were praised by several music critics . It has since been recognized by critics as LL Cool J 's greatest work . Reflecting the new school and ghettoblaster subculture in the U.S. during the mid-1980s , Radio belongs to a pivotal moment in the history and culture of hip hop . Its success contributed to the displacement of the old school with the new school form and to the genre 's mainstream success during the period . Its success also served as a career breakthrough for LL Cool J and Rick Rubin . Radio has been recognized by music writers as one of the first cohesive and commercially successful hip hop albums .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2dd9d3b2e7d7cabc2b8e8c0d6d8d2012", "text": "List of awards and nominations received by Missy Elliott Missy Elliott is an American rapper , singer-songwriter , author , record producer and actress . Missy 's debut album Supa Dupa Fly was released on July 15 , 1997 in the United States under her own label The Goldmind Inc. signed under Elektra Records . Her second album Da Real World was then released on June 22 , 1999 , followed by her third album Miss E. . . So Addictive , released on May 15 , 2001 . Under Construction was the fourth album released by Elliott , which was released on November 12 , 2002 , followed by her fifth album This Is Not a Test ! that saw a release in November 25 , 2003 , and The Cookbook , Elliott 's latest album to date , which was released on July 4 , 2005 . Throughout Missy Elliott 's career , she has received several awards and nominations . Elliott would also be noted to become the first female rapper in history to take home the award for `` Best International Video '' from VIVA Comet Media Awards for her solo debut single , `` The Rain ( Supa Dupa Fly ) '' . Elliott 's debut Supa Dupa Fly ( 1997 ) would go on to score two Grammy nominations for Best Rap Solo Performance & Best Rap Album , alongside three MTV Music Video Awards nominations for `` Best Direction in a Video , '' `` Best Breakthrough Video '' & `` Best Rap Video '' . Missy Elliott 's second album Da Real World ( 1999 ) attained a Grammy nomination for Best Rap Album . She also received an award for `` Best R&B / Soul or Rap Music Video '' by the Soul Train Awards . The album went on to go platinum making it Elliott 's second platinum album . The follow-up , Miss E. . . So Addictive ( 2001 ) , was a commercial success ; selling over 9.2 million copies worldwide making it her third consecutive platinum album . This album would attain twelve MTV Video Music Awards nominations throughout 2001 and 2002 . Additionally , the effort gained Elliott several nominations from various award shows some including , the Grammy Awards , MTV Video Music Awards , and the BET Awards . On March 27 , 2001 , Lil ' Kim , Christina Aguilera , Pink , and Mýa recorded a cover version of the LaBelle song , `` Lady Marmalade '' as a medley for the feature film Moulin Rouge that Missy Elliott wrote and produced , which topped # 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 for five weeks . `` Lady Marmalade '' scored Elliott 's first Grammy Award in 2002 for Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals . Missy Elliott 's fourth album Under Construction ( 2002 ) was certified double platinum , making it her fourth platinum album . The effort gained Elliott eight MTV Video Music Awards in 2003 , taking two awards for `` Video of the Year & `` Best Hip-Hop Video '' . The album also gained Elliott five Grammy nominations in 2004 for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group , Best Rap Album , Album of The Year , Best Rap Song & Best Female Rap Solo Performance taking an award for Best Female Rap Solo Performance . Elliott 's follow-up This Is Not a Test ! ( 2003 ) would also attain a platinum certification , as well as two MTV Video Music Awards and one MTV Music Video Japan Awards nominations . The Cookbook ( 2005 ) is Missy Elliott 's latest album to date . The effort attained three Grammy nominations in 2006 for Best Short Form Music Video , Best Rap Song & Best Rap Album . Elliott received the award for Best Short Form Music Video for her single `` Lose Control '' . The Cookbook also gained Elliott seven MTV Video Music Awards nominations , taking two awards for `` Best Dance Video '' and `` Best Hip-Hop Video '' . In 2014 , Missy Elliott became nominated for a Grammy for Best R&B Song for the featured single , `` Without Me '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3df8da15726dad53052b0c9f67ba21e3", "text": "The Platinum Collection (Queen album) The Platinum Collection : Greatest Hits I , II & III is a box set by British rock band Queen which comprises their three greatest hits albums , Greatest Hits , Greatest Hits II and Greatest Hits III . The album was originally released on 13 November 2000 on the Parlophone label . A booklet with song facts and images is also included with the three CD set . The album 's US release was delayed by Hollywood Records until September 2002 and featured the 2001 Japanese release remastered versions of Greatest Hits Volumes 1 and 2 on the US and Canadian versions of The Platinum Collection . The album peaked at No. 2 in the UK charts , being blocked off the top spot by Moby 's album 18 . As part of Queen 's 40th anniversary celebrations , The Platinum Collection was released in the UK on 27 June 2011 , as well as in other territories around the world . The release consisted of the 2011 remasters of all three albums .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4f8e02bc5f68fd77ffad49132f89e054", "text": "Pluto (Future album) Pluto is the debut studio album by American rapper Future . It was released on April 13 , 2012 , by A1 Recordings , Freebandz and Epic Records . The album features guest appearances from Drake , R. Kelly , T.I. , Trae tha Truth and Snoop Dogg , with the production , which was handled by Will-A-Fool , Sonny Digital and K.E. on the Track , among others . Pluto was supported by five singles : `` Tony Montana '' , `` Go Harder '' , `` Magic ( Remix ) '' featuring T.I. , `` Same Damn Time '' and `` Turn On the Lights '' . The album received generally positive reviews from critics , debuting at number eight on the Billboard 200 , selling 41,000 copies in its first week . It was reissued later in 2012 as Pluto 3D .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "56c66db283cff722b009b37a03037ca4", "text": "Hard as Hell Hard as Hell is the fourth studio album by rapper Hell Rell . It was released on April 28 , 2009 . The album reached # 68 on the Billboard 's Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums chart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ebf9ca8c77e4115cbddd703ec25ae245", "text": "The Voice (Mike Jones album) The Voice is the second studio album by American rapper Mike Jones . It was released on April 28 , 2009 . Production was handled by several producers , including Jim Jonsin , Mr. Collipark , J.R. Rotem and Big E , among others . The album has sold 25,000 copies in its first week , debuting at number 12 on the US Billboard 200 on April 22 , 2009 . As of February 1 , 2014 , the album has sold 200,000 copies in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3969937f5bbddf19576bb1ea2b03352c", "text": "Furthest Thing `` Furthest Thing '' is a song by Canadian rapper Drake , recorded for his studio album Nothing Was the Same . The track was written by Drake , Anthony Palman , Noah `` 40 '' Shebib , Marvin `` Hagler '' Thomas and Adrian Eccleston , and produced by 40 , Thomas and Jake One . It reached number 191 in France , number 95 in the UK , and number 56 on the US Billboard Hot 100 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4fe8babd643132c32a10a1eb5010b418", "text": "The Blueprint 3 The Blueprint 3 is the eleventh studio album by American rapper Jay Z , released September 8 , 2009 , on Roc Nation , through distribution from Atlantic Records . It is the final installment in The Blueprint trilogy , preceded by The Blueprint ( 2001 ) and The Blueprint2 : The Gift & The Curse ( 2002 ) . Production for the album took place during 2008 to 2009 at several recording studios and was handled by Kanye West , No I.D. , The Neptunes , Jeff Bhasker , Al Shux , Jerome `` J-Roc '' Harmon , The Inkredibles , Swizz Beatz , and Timbaland . This is the only album in the Blueprint trilogy , as well as the first album since Vol . 3 ... Life and Times of S. Carter ( 1999 ) , not to feature production from Just Blaze . The album debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 chart , selling 476,000 copies in its first week . It became Jay-Z 's eleventh US number-one album , breaking the record he had previously shared with Elvis Presley , and produced five singles that achieved chart success . Upon its release , The Blueprint 3 received generally positive reviews from music critics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ec1333835c0f494f29e182222cf20bd", "text": "Drake videography The following list contains the videography for Drake , including his own music videos and videos that feature him . The first video Drake ever appeared in was Jenna 's music video for her single `` Change You '' released in 2006 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2adf5c6155f1b4f424872fb6305261f2", "text": "Street Hop Street Hop is the fourth studio album by the American rapper Royce da 5 ' 9 '' , released in the United States on October 20 , 2009 , on One Records . It is the follow-up to his previous album Independent 's Day ( 2005 ) . At the release of Success Is Certain ( August 9 , 2011 ) , Street Hop sold approximately 24,000 units in the United States via HitsDailyDouble .", "title": "" } ]
fever
1be44324e38dd7e1e9fd61f3dd557bc2
Michael McCary was in the R&B group Boyz II Men as a singer.
[ { "docid": "9e1af6674575e7b7ba4ae6f31658fbbe", "text": "Michael McCary Michael `` Mike '' Sean McCary ( born December 16 , 1971 ) is an American singer , best known as the former bass singer of the R&B group Boyz II Men . In 2003 , Michael McCary left Boyz II Men due to chronic back problems , resulting from multiple sclerosis ( MS ) and personal problems . McCary plays in the film Mannsfield 12 , in which he takes on the role of Herold . He has also appeared on the television game show Identity on March 24 , 2007 . Lately , Michael has been seen in the court room as a celebrity juror on a TV show that airs daily called Jury Duty . He was also shown in the pilot for a talk show with Paula Poundstone called A Pound of Paula , which was n't picked up . McCary is the son of Omarnetta Thomas and Robert McCary Sr. . He has a brother named Robert McCary Jr. . Michael was due to make a long-awaited return to the group in 2011 for their twenty-year anniversary album with all new material . However , negotiations between McCary and the group broke down , and this was confirmed by Boyz II Men via their website . He is the step-brother of fellow singer Will Downing .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "059b43558003c53d189f8033c901c5d6", "text": "Victory Tour (The Jacksons tour) The Victory Tour was a concert tour of the United States and Canada by Michael Jackson and The Jackson family between July and December 1984 . It was the first and only tour with all six Jackson brothers ( even though Jackie was injured for most of the tour ) . The group performed 55 concerts to an audience of approximately 2 million . Most came to see Michael , whose album Thriller was dominating the popular music world at the time . Many consider it to be his Thriller tour , with most of the songs on the set list coming off of his Off the Wall album and from the Thriller album . The tour reportedly grossed approximately $ 75 million ( US$ in dollars ) and set a new record for the highest grossing tour . It showcased Michael 's single decorated glove , black sequined jacket and moonwalk . Despite its focus on Michael , it was named after the newly released Jacksons ' album Victory although none of the album 's songs were performed . Marlon confirmed this was because Michael refused to rehearse or perform them ; in fact , he had only reluctantly joined his brothers , who needed the income while he himself did not . On the tour , tensions between Michael and his brothers increased to the point that he announced at the final show that it would be the last time they would perform together , ending plans for a European leg . The Jacksons did make money from the tour , along with promoter Don King . Michael donated his share to several charities as he had promised before it , but the rancour between him and his brothers had a deep and lasting effect on the Jacksons as a family , alienating him from them for most of his later life and it effectively ended the Jacksons as a performing group . The tour was also a financial disaster for promoter Chuck Sullivan , who along with his father Billy was eventually forced to sell the New England Patriots football team they owned , along with Foxboro Stadium , the team 's home field , as a result of the losses he incurred .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8707182bc5e8094b916c1f6ec39abb87", "text": "I Wanna Be Where You Are `` I Wan na Be Where You Are '' is a song written by Arthur `` T-Boy '' Ross and Leon Ware for Michael Jackson , who took the song to number 7 in Cash Box and number 16 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart . It also reached number 2 on the U.S. R&B singles chart in 1972 . His third straight Top 10 Pop hit during his early solo career with Motown . It was also the first collaboration between Ware and Ross , the younger brother of legendary superstar Diana Ross . This song would be one of Jackson 's most covered songs , by singers including Zulema , Marvin Gaye , Willie Hutch , Jason Weaver and later The Fugees . Ware and Ross also penned the classic Marvin Gaye hit , `` I Want You '' several years afterwards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "606465104341242d74fd95fe1ee062f4", "text": "Full Circle (Boyz II Men album) Full Circle is the fifth album by R&B group Boyz II Men and their only release on Arista Records . Featuring the singles `` The Color of Love '' , written by Babyface and `` Relax Your Mind '' featuring Faith Evans , Full Circle was the last Boyz II Men album to include bass singer Michael McCary . Three years later , singer Raheem DeVaughn would sample the track `` Right on Time '' on his song `` Ask Yourself '' from his 2005 debut The Love Experience .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "239bee0279dd76ed42e2920e91323c20", "text": "New Life (Monica album) New Life is the seventh studio album by American recording artist Monica , released by RCA Records on April 6 , 2012 . It marked the singer 's debut release with the company following the disbandment of her former label , J Records in October 2011 . A musical continuation of her commercially successful 2010 album Still Standing , Monica started working on the album only weeks after the release of the former . She reteamed primarily with frequent writers and producers , including Bryan-Michael Cox , Jermaine Dupri , Missy Elliott , and Cainon Lamb but also collaborated with new and upcoming producers such as singer Rico Love , whose songs replaced much of her cousin , producer Polow da Don 's original material . New Life is predominately a contemporary R&B album with major influences of pop and soul that incorporates subtle elements of contemporary urban genres such as gospel , quiet storm , and reggae . The album 's lyrics explore the complexities of romantic relationships and stages of love , much of which was inspired by Monica 's marriage to professional basketball player Shannon Brown and her relocation to Arizona . Guest vocalists on the album are rappers Rick Ross and Wale as well as singer and close friend Mary J. Blige . Entertainer Brandy , who had previously collaborated with Monica on their number-one record `` The Boy Is Mine '' ( 1998 ) , features on the single `` It All Belongs to Me '' . New Life received a mixed reception by critics , many of whom praised Monica 's vocal performances and the album 's trend-detaching nature but found the material too generic and cliché-addled . Upon its release , the album debuted at number four on the US Billboard 200 , and at number two on Billboards Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums chart , selling 69,000 copies . With first month sales of 116,400 copies , New Life sold significantly less than its predecessors . Singles such as `` Anything ( To Find You ) '' and `` Until It 's Gone '' failed to sell or chart noticeably on both the pop and the R&B charts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7bd8af40bad9af60b6e40673b746a063", "text": "Country Music Association The Country Music Association ( CMA ) was founded in 1958 in Nashville , Tennessee . It originally consisted of only 233 members and was the first trade organization formed to promote a music genre . The objectives of the organization are to guide and enhance the development of Country Music throughout the world ; to demonstrate it as a viable medium to advertisers , consumers , and media ; and to provide a unity of purpose for the Country Music industry . However the CMA may be best known to most country music fans for its annual Country Music Association Awards broadcast live on network television each fall ( usually October or November ) . Initially , CMA 's Board of Directors included nine directors and five officers . Wesley Rose , president of Acuff-Rose Publishing , Inc. , served as CMA 's first chairman of the board . Broadcasting entrepreneur and executive Connie B. Gay was the founding president . Originally there were nine individual membership categories . The current 15 categories represent all facets of the music industry . Organizational memberships are also available . CMA membership is composed of those persons or organizations that are involved in Country Music , directly and substantially . The first CMA Awards ceremony was held in 1967 in Nashville . Sonny James and Bobbie Gentry hosted the event , which was not televised . The winner of the first `` Entertainer of the Year '' award was singer Eddy Arnold . `` Male Vocalist of the Year '' went to Jack Greene and `` Female Vocalist of the Year '' to Loretta Lynn . In 1968 , Roy Rogers and Dale Evans hosted the awards , which were presented at the Ryman Auditorium in Nashville . ( The ceremony was filmed and televised on NBC a few weeks later . ) The first live telecast of the show was in 1969 . Annual awards are given in the following twelve categories : Entertainer of the Year , Male Vocalist , Female Vocalist , New Artist of the Year ( formerly the Horizon Award ) , Vocal Group , Vocal Duo , Single , Album , Song , Music Event , Music Video , and Musician . The CMA also gives a `` CMA Broadcast Award '' to country-formatted radio stations each year . Broadcast Awards are segmented based on market size , major market ( Arbitron Ranking 1 -- 25 ) , large market ( Arbitron Ranking 26 -- 50 ) , medium market ( Arbitron Ranking 51 -- 100 ) , and small market ( All other Markets ) . A single station can not win the award in consecutive years . In honor of the association 's 50th anniversary , MCA Nashville released a song called `` Forever Country '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2005e4f41d517de043d4cfbd3d918664", "text": "Michael McDonald (musician) Michael McDonald ( born February 12 , 1952 ) is an American singer , songwriter , keyboardist and record producer . McDonald 's music career spans more than forty years . His early career included singing with Steely Dan . He joined The Doobie Brothers in 1976 and remained an integral member until 1982 , after which he released the first of eight solo albums . During his career , he has collaborated with a number of other artists , including Kenny Loggins , David Cassidy , Van Halen , Patti LaBelle , The Winans , Aretha Franklin , Toto , Grizzly Bear , and Thundercat . He has also recorded for television and film soundtracks . During his career , McDonald has won five Grammy Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "918bb22a9f11634f22c868d13d2d7389", "text": "Nick Carter (musician) Nickolas Gene `` Nick '' Carter ( born January 28 , 1980 ) is an American singer , songwriter , actor , dancer , record producer , author and video director . He is best known as a member of the pop group the Backstreet Boys . As of 2015 , Carter has released three solo albums , Now or Never , I 'm Taking Off and All American during breaks between Backstreet Boys schedules , and a collaboration with Jordan Knight titled Nick & Knight . He has made occasional television appearances and starred in his own reality shows , House of Carters and I ( Heart ) Nick Carter . He gained fame in the mid 1990s and early 2000s as a teen idol . He is also the older and only brother of singer Aaron Carter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9fb938bfc7d3cb8b93f19aa4444f4020", "text": "West Side Story (soundtrack) West Side Story is the soundtrack to the 1961 film West Side Story . Released in 1961 , the soundtrack spent 54 weeks at No. 1 on Billboard 's album charts , giving it the longest run at No. 1 of any album in history , although some lists instead credit Michael Jackson 's Thriller , on the grounds that West Side Story was listed on a chart for stereo albums only at a time when many albums were recorded in mono . In 1962 , it won a Grammy award for `` Best Sound Track Album -- Original Cast '' and Johnny Richards orchestrations of the movie score ( on Kenton 's West Side Story ) also winning a Grammy in 1962 for `` Best Large Ensemble Jazz Album '' further bolstering the popularity of the movie and soundtrack . In the United States , it was the best-selling album of the 1960s , certifying three times platinum by the RIAA on November 21 , 1986 . Though the album was released just a few years after the release of the original broadway cast recording , it is according to Broadway Babies preferred by some to the earlier version both sentimentally , as the film succeeded in establishing the musical as a `` popular masterpiece '' , and musically , as it contains `` beefier orchestration '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0b98cc07cc91023c9f7351797f784ed6", "text": "One More Chance (The Notorious B.I.G. song) `` One More Chance / Stay with Me ( Remix ) '' is a song written and recorded by American rapper The Notorious B.I.G. , featuring additional vocals sung by his wife Faith Evans and an uncredited appearance by Mary J. Blige . It was certified platinum by the RIAA on July 31 , 1995 and sold 1.1 million copies . The original version of the song appears on B.I.G. 's album , Ready to Die . The remix features new lyrics , a new chorus , and a different beat than the original . There is also a `` hip hop mix '' which samples Marley Marl 's `` Droppin Science '' ( featuring rapper Craig G ) . Evans was an up-and-coming R&B artist at the time . The remix , produced by the Trackmasters samples DeBarge 's 1983 song `` Stay with Me '' . The song peaked at # 2 on the Billboard Hot 100 and topped the Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Songs chart . It was the highest debuting single of all time , tying with Michael Jackson and Janet Jackson song `` Scream '' when it entered the Hot 100 at # 5 at the time . ( This record stood until later that year , when Michael Jackson 's `` You Are Not Alone '' debuted at number one . ) It remained the highest debuting single for a rap song on the Hot 100 until Puff Daddy 's tribute song `` I 'll Be Missing You '' debuted at # 1 . ( Lauryn Hill , Eminem and DJ Khaled would later equal this feat , with the former 's `` Doo Wop ( That Thing ) '' entering in the top spot in 1998 , the aforementioned with `` Not Afraid '' in 2010 and the latter with `` I 'm The One '' in 2017 . )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7d9fd9a34827d5bb0dffc18bbcb0a817", "text": "Night and Day (Joe Jackson album) Night and Day is Joe Jackson 's fifth album , released in June 1982 . It reached the Top 5 in both the UK and US , Jackson 's only studio album to do so . It sold over one million copies , earning platinum disc status . The album pays tribute to the wit and style of Cole Porter ( and indirectly to New York ) . The track `` Real Men '' pointed obliquely to the city 's early 1980s gay culture . `` Steppin ' Out '' earned Grammy nominations for Record of the Year and Best Pop Vocal Performance , Male . It reached # 6 on both the UK and the US charts . `` Breaking Us in Two '' reached # 18 in the US and # 59 in the UK .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e6313d47017a915bdc913b42decf322", "text": "The Remix Suite The Remix Suite ( digital title : Michael Jackson : The Remix Suite ) is a compilation of remixed hits by Michael Jackson . Although labeled as a Michael Jackson release , the majority of remixes are of hits during his tenure with The Jackson 5 . Starting from August 25 , five remixes each were released digitally as `` suites '' via iTunes , AmazonMP3 and Rhapsody every two weeks . It is the fifth album to be released since Jackson 's death . The first suite leaked online two weeks before its intended digital release .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a48ffe7d73552286c79b7ee7d31f2098", "text": "Music and Me (Michael Jackson song) `` Music and Me '' is a 1973 single released by Michael Jackson on the Motown label . It was the singer 's second single release from the album Music & Me . It reached number 29 in the Netherlands and number 49 in Turkey .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f501bca0cd78ba1f30657e298cc11aa4", "text": "List of Billboard 200 number-one albums of 1983 The Billboard 200 , published in Billboard magazine , is a weekly chart that ranks the highest-selling music albums and EPs in the United States . In 1983 , the name of the chart was Top LPs & Tape . Before Nielsen SoundScan began tracking sales in 1991 , Billboard estimated sales from a representative sampling of record stores nationwide , using telephone , fax or messenger service . Data were based on rankings made by the record stores of the best-selling records , not on actual sales figures . There were six number-one albums on this chart in 1983 , including the debut album of the Australian band Men at Work , Business as Usual , which spent the last seven weeks of 1982 and the first eight weeks of 1983 at number one , and was certified quadruple platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) in 1984 . Thriller , the sixth studio album by recording artist Michael Jackson , was released on November 1982 . It peaked at number one for twenty-two non-consecutive weeks in 1983 with another fifteen consecutive weeks at the top into the following year , and seven songs from the album became top ten singles between late 1982 and early 1984 . Two of them : `` Billie Jean '' and `` Beat It '' , reached the top position of the Billboard Hot 100 . Thriller won eight Grammy Awards , including Album of the Year at the 26th Grammy Awards , and was the best-selling album of 1983 with more than fifteen million copies sold . In 2008 , twenty-five years after its release , the record was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame , and a few weeks later , it was among twenty-five recordings preserved by the Library of Congress to the National Recording Registry as `` culturally significant '' . Flashdance , the soundtrack to the 1983 musical and romance film of the same name , peaked at number one for two weeks and won the Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack Album for a Motion Picture . The two singles released from the album , `` Flashdance ... What a Feeling '' by Irene Cara , and `` Maniac '' by Michael Sembello , reached the top of the singles chart in 1983 . The New York Times considered the British band The Police to be the year 's most influential rock band . Australian , British , and American bands copied the white-reggae formula of their ( The Police 's ) earlier successes . The group released their fifth and final studio album , Synchronicity , in 1983 . The album , a varied accomplished blend of rock , funk , and third-world rhythms , stayed at number one for seventeen weeks and was certified four times platinum by the RIAA in 1984 . Metal Health , the third album by heavy metal band Quiet Riot , peaked at number one for one week , becoming the first heavy metal record to reach the top of the Billboard 200 . Singer-songwriter Lionel Richie released his second album Ca n't Slow Down in 1983 , which spent three weeks at the top and won the Grammy Award for Album of the Year at the 27th Grammy Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a8ffb7ce9c42d7a428fda7583f9d44e0", "text": "Ashanti (singer) Ashanti Shequoiya Douglas ( born October 13 , 1980 ) , known simply as Ashanti , is an American singer , songwriter , record producer , dancer and actress . Ashanti is known for her eponymous debut album , which featured the hit song `` Foolish '' , and sold over 505,000 copies in its first week of release throughout the U.S. in April 2002 . In 2003 , the self-titled debut album won Ashanti her first Grammy Award for Best Contemporary R&B album . Her second release achieved a platinum certification and other top 10 singles . Ashanti wrote and sang background on Jennifer Lopez 's `` Ai n't It Funny ( Murder Remix ) '' , which reached number one on Billboard Hot 100 , which was also in the top 10 chart at the same time as `` Foolish '' , `` Always on Time '' ( with Ja Rule ) , and `` What 's Luv ? '' ( with Fat Joe ) . Later that year , she was acclaimed as the `` Princess Of Hip-Hop & R&B '' by her label and capped off her successful debut by winning eight Billboard awards and two American Music Awards . Ashanti cites Whitney Houston , Janet Jackson , Prince , Madonna , Tupac Shakur , Mary J. Blige , Ella Fitzgerald , Smokey Robinson , Donna Summer , and Blue Magic as her musical influences . Since 2013 , she is currently working on her own publishing company titled Written Entertainment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e5e02d70d2216c10220aac0ca6a690c", "text": "Bad (album) Bad is the seventh studio album by American singer and songwriter Michael Jackson , released on August 31 , 1987 in the United States by Epic Records and internationally by CBS Records . It was released nearly five years after Jackson 's previous solo studio album , Thriller ( 1982 ) . Bad was recorded during the first half of 1987 . The lyrical themes include media bias , paranoia , racial profiling , romance , self-improvement and world peace . The album cemented Jackson 's status as one of the most successful artists of the 1980s . Bad saw Jackson exercise even more artistic freedom than he did with his two previous Epic releases ( Off the Wall and Thriller ) ; Jackson composed nine of the album 's eleven tracks , and received co-producer credit for the entire album . Nine of the eleven songs on Bad were released as singles ; one was a promotional single , and another was released outside of the United States and Canada . Five of the singles hit No. 1 in the United States , while a sixth charted within the top ten , and a seventh charted within the top twenty on the Hot 100 . Bad peaked at No. 1 in thirteen countries and charted within the top twenty in other territories . The only songs on the album which were not released as a single were `` Speed Demon '' and `` Just Good Friends '' , the latter being the only song on the album to also not have a music video accompanying it . The album continued Jackson 's commercial success in the late 1980s , and garnered six Grammy Award nominations , winning two . Aside from commercial success , the album was well received by contemporary critics . The album produced a record five Billboard Hot 100 number one singles , the first of two albums to do so , the second being Katy Perry 's 2010 album Teenage Dream . Bad was ranked No. 43 in the 100 Greatest Albums of All Time of the MTV Generation in 2009 by VH1 and number 202 in Rolling Stone magazine 's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time . As of 2012 , Bad had reportedly sold between 30 and 45 million copies worldwide and has been cited as one of the 30 best-selling albums of all time . In 2017 , the album was certified Diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America , denoting sales of over ten million copies in the United States . The album marked the final collaboration between Jackson and producer Quincy Jones .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5258f5d681632bb99f0fb4798a22282a", "text": "Merry Christmas II You Merry Christmas II You is the second Christmas album and thirteenth studio album by American singer and songwriter Mariah Carey . It was released by Island Records on November 2 , 2010 . Recording began in April 2010 and continued while Carey became pregnant . She was the executive producer of Merry Christmas II You and worked with various record producers , including Bryan-Michael Cox , Jermaine Dupri , Randy Jackson , James Poyser , Marc Shaiman , James `` Big Jim '' Wright and Johnny `` Sev '' Severin of RedOne . The album features Carey 's mother Patricia Carey as a guest vocalist on `` O Come All Ye Faithful '' / `` Hallelujah Chorus '' . The album is composed of original songs and covers , ballads and uptempo tracks . It incorporates R&B , soul and house music in its composition . The album received mixed reviews from music critics , who complimented its relaxed yet lively and contemporary feel , while others felt it was predictable and too overproduced in places . It debuted at number four on the United States Billboard 200 album chart , and reached number one on both the Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums and Holiday Albums chart . It was later certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) , denoting shipments exceeding 500,000 copies . Elsewhere , however , the album failed to make an impact , reaching the top thirty in Australia and Hungary , and the top fifty in Austria and Italy . It missed out on the top one-hundred in the United Kingdom by one position , peaking at one-hundred and one on the albums chart . The album produced four singles , including the US Adult Contemporary record-breaking song `` Oh Santa ! '' . It reached number-one in its second week , the quickest ascent in the history of the chart and the only song to do so . Other singles included `` Auld Lang Syne ( The New Year 's Anthem ) '' , a single release version of `` When Christmas Comes '' in 2011 with John Legend and `` Christmas Time Is in the Air Again '' in 2012 . To support the album , Carey made promotional appearances on The Ellen DeGeneres Show and Lopez Tonight , and hosted her own television special called Mariah Carey : Merry Christmas to You .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee5f3fd9ce4a5659b4a61826101ba52e", "text": "Michael Jackson's Vision Michael Jackson 's Vision is a deluxe DVD box set by American recording artist Michael Jackson . It was released on November 22 , 2010 by Epic Records , Legacy Recordings , and Jackson 's own label , MJJ Productions . It includes three DVDs , featuring 4.5 hours of content of 42 music videos with newly restored color and remastered audio . Jackson referred to each of these productions as a `` short film '' and not a music video . This is the first time that all of Jackson 's videos have been released on DVD . According to a statement by the producers , the video recognizes Jackson 's `` pioneering short films that transformed the entertainment industry with timeless , pop culture classics '' . Disc one features videos from the albums Off the Wall , Thriller and Bad and disc two features videos from the albums Dangerous , HIStory : Past , Present and Future , Book I , Blood on the Dance Floor : HIStory in the Mix and Invincible . The third disc , which is a bonus disc , features seven videos . Michael Jackson 's Vision includes the full-length versions of the John Landis-directed `` Thriller '' and `` Black or White '' as well as the classic `` Bad '' directed by Academy Award winning filmmaker Martin Scorsese . Also included in the boxed set are Jackson 's collaborations with other noted film directors such as John Singleton , Spike Lee and David Fincher as well as `` Ghosts , '' his rarely seen collaboration with special effects legend Stan Winston . Michael Jackson 's Vision is available in a limited edition boxed set featuring a 60-page glossy hard-bound book that includes behind-the-scenes photos from Jackson 's videos , which includes information for each video including : songwriter , album , director , production date , location and photography . Ten music videos previously unavailable on DVD including `` One More Chance '' are included . It was also released on the iTunes Store and has iTunes LP features . The videos `` Smooth Criminal '' , `` Speed Demon '' , `` Come Together '' , and `` Leave Me Alone '' come from Jackson 's 1988 film Moonwalker . The `` Smooth Criminal '' segment is actually over 40 minutes long but only the 10-minute song and dance scene is featured . The video `` Another Part of Me '' is from Jackson 's Bad World Tour and `` Will You Be There '' is from the Dangerous World Tour . The `` HIStory '' video is the only short film that is not included in this box set . The original music video of `` Blood on the Dance Floor '' is replaced with the Refugee Camp Mix for unknown reasons . The videos for The Jacksons ' songs `` Torture '' and `` Body '' are also not included , because Michael did not appear in either of them , despite having a verse in each of them . Also not included is the music video for The Jacksons ' `` 2300 Jackson Street '' . On February 15 , 2011 , Michael Jackson 's Vision was certified 5 × Platinum by RIAA for the sales of over 0.5 million units in the United States . On December 31 , 2010 , it was also certified Diamond in France ( for the sales of over 60 000 units ) and 2 × Platinum in Australia . On May 29 , 2011 , it was also certified Gold in New Zealand . It has been also certified Gold in Austria and Platinum in Poland . Reception over the video and audio quality of the box set has been mixed . As the videos are played in 16:9 , videos with a 4:3 aspect ratio are pillarboxed and as a result the resolution is lower than some previous DVDs . Also , the audio is mixed in PCM stereo instead of 5.1 Surround as in many previous DVDs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a1f5f33808709ad8e10fd1f05fa9f0ca", "text": "This Is It (concerts) This Is It was a planned residency show of 50 concerts by Michael Jackson at the O2 Arena in London , scheduled to run from July 2009 to March 2010 . The shows were to be Jackson 's first major series of concerts since the HIStory World Tour finished in 1997 . With all concerts sold out , Jackson suffered a cardiac arrest and died less than three weeks before the first concert was scheduled to begin . Jackson announced This Is It at a press conference in the O2 Arena , stating that it would be his final series of concerts in London . AEG Live , the concert promoters , released a promotional video that took up an entire commercial break , setting a record for ITV . Initially only 10 concerts were announced , but following public demand 40 more concerts were added . Ticket sales broke several records and Jackson 's album sales increased following the announcement ; AEG Live estimated that the first 10 dates alone would have earned Jackson approximately # 50 million . In preparation for the concert series , Jackson had been collaborating with high-profile figures including fashion designer Christian Audigier , choreographer Kenny Ortega and bodybuilder Lou Ferrigno . Prior to Jackson 's death , Allgood Entertainment sued Jackson for $ 40 million , claiming that he had breached an exclusivity agreement with them by agreeing to the This Is It concerts . The case was dismissed . After Jackson 's death , AEG Live offered either refunds to ticket holders or a special `` souvenir '' ticket designed by Jackson . The cancelled shows , record-breaking ticket sales and potential for a world tour made This Is It `` the greatest concert -LSB- s -RSB- that never happened . '' Columbia Pictures acquired the footage of the rehearsals and released a concert film , Michael Jackson 's This Is It , accompanied by a compilation album of the same name .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "38c2c4b2a8ee2dabc22e6f59e4c9f5a5", "text": "E=MC² (Mariah Carey album) E = MC ² is the eleventh studio album by American singer and songwriter Mariah Carey . It was released in the United States on April 15 , 2008 by Island Records . The singer began recording the album in 2007 in Anguilla , after writing and composing most of its material during and after her 2006 Adventures of Mimi Tour . Carey worked with several notable songwriters and producers during the course of the project , including Jermaine Dupri , Bryan-Michael Cox , Stargate , The-Dream , Tricky Stewart , Scott Storch and Danja . The album revealed a more personal side of the singer , illustrated in its declarative theme of emancipation from her previous marriage , and from her personal and professional setbacks . Although it shared similar vocal production as well as an inclination to her signature pop and R&B ballads , the album also encompassed a variety of dance-oriented and uptempo styles . It was meant to be a continuation , or a second part of her tenth studio album , The Emancipation of Mimi ( 2005 ) . Carey collaborated with a number of artists on the album , including T-Pain , Damian Marley and Young Jeezy . Though considered by critics very similar to the formula its predecessor had been built on , E = MC ² included other genres she had never explored , such as reggae , and her continued recording of gospel-influenced hymns . E = MC ² was generally well received by music critics , with many complimenting the record 's broad genre influences , and musical and production styles . Some critics , however , felt that the album was too similar to The Emancipation of Mimi , and did n't offer anything new from the formula . The album debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 with opening week sales of 463,000 copies ; the highest first-week sales of Carey 's career . It opened inside the top-five on the albums chart in Australia , Canada , Switzerland and the United Kingdom . The album achieved worldwide sales of over 2.5 million copies . Four singles were commission in promotion of the album . The album 's lead single , `` Touch My Body '' , became Carey 's eighteenth chart topper on the Billboard Hot 100 , making her the solo artist with the most number one singles in United States history , surpassing the record held by Elvis Presley . Additionally , it gave Carey her 79th week atop the chart , tying Presley for most weeks at number one . It achieved strong worldwide charting , peaking within the top five of the singles charts in Italy , Japan , New Zealand , Switzerland and the United Kingdom . `` Bye Bye '' served as the album 's second release . Although hailed by critics , and expected to have achieved large commercial success , the song stalled at number nineteen on the Hot 100 , and managed to chart weakly internationally . Both the third and fourth singles , `` I 'll Be Lovin ' U Long Time '' and `` I Stay in Love '' failed to garner success in any prominent music market .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "30d75e3c1ccba77e285f6d04a98c3186", "text": "Wicked Wayz Wicked Wayz is the debut album by Mr. Mike , released on July 30 , 1996 through Suave House Records . Most of the album was produced by Suave House 's production team , Smoke One Productions , while production duo E-A-Ski & CMT produced six tracks . Wicked Wayz made it into the top 40 of the Billboard 200 , peaking at No. 29 , while also peaking at 5 on the Billboard 's R&B chart . The album also produced one charting single entitled `` Where Ya Love At ? '' , which charted on both the Billboard 's R&B and rap charts .", "title": "" } ]
fever
379915eece256749f2a028017163b6f8
A nomination was given to Glee for an American award.
[ { "docid": "c41a2972ff2a041375e3e9d541377b74", "text": "Emmy Award An Emmy Award , or simply Emmy , is an American award that recognizes excellence in the television industry , and corresponds to the ( likewise American ) Academy Award ( for film ) , the Tony Award ( for theatre ) , and the Grammy Award ( for music ) . Because Emmy Awards are given in various sectors of the American television industry , they are presented in different annual ceremonies held throughout the year . The two events that receive the most media coverage are the Primetime Emmys and the Daytime Emmys , which recognize outstanding work in American primetime and daytime entertainment programming , respectively . Other notable Emmy Award ceremonies are those honoring national sports programming , national news and documentary shows , national business and financial reporting , and technological and engineering achievements in television , including the Primetime Engineering Emmy Awards . Regional Emmy Awards are also presented throughout the country at various times through the year , recognizing excellence in local and statewide television . In addition , International Emmys are awarded for excellence in TV programming produced and initially aired outside the United States . Three related but separate organizations present the Emmy Awards : the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences ( ATAS ) , the National Academy of Television Arts & Sciences ( NATAS ) , and the International Academy of Television Arts and Sciences ( IATAS ) . Each is responsible for administering a particular set of Emmy ceremonies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ea41a0688b34eccd175c37d33ef3235", "text": "Glee (season 6) The sixth and final season of the Fox musical comedy-drama television series Glee was commissioned on April 19 , 2013 , along with the fifth season , as part of a two-season renewal deal for the show on the Fox network . The final season , consisting of 13 episodes , premiered on Friday , January 9 , 2015 , with the first two episodes , and the last two episodes ( functioning as a single series finale ) aired on March 20 , 2015 . The series features the New Directions glee club at the fictional William McKinley High School ( WMHS ) in the town of Lima , Ohio , and some of the graduates of McKinley . The season focuses on the former glee club member , Rachel Berry , who returns to McKinley after her TV Pilot bombs to rebuild the disbanded glee club . The central characters are the former glee club director Will Schuester ( Matthew Morrison ) , school principal Sue Sylvester ( Jane Lynch ) , and Glee club graduates Rachel Berry ( Lea Michele ) , Kurt Hummel ( Chris Colfer ) , Blaine Anderson ( Darren Criss ) , Artie Abrams ( Kevin McHale ) , and Sam Evans ( Chord Overstreet ) . Amber Riley returns to the main cast as Mercedes Jones and Dot-Marie Jones , who portrays Shannon Beiste , the school 's football coach , was promoted to the main cast after four years as a recurring character . Jenna Ushkowitz , Naya Rivera , Becca Tobin , Jacob Artist , Melissa Benoist , Blake Jenner , and Alex Newell who have portrayed Tina Cohen-Chang , Santana Lopez , Kitty Wilde , Jake Puckerman , Marley Rose , Ryder Lynn , and Wade `` Unique '' Adams , were demoted from the main cast this season with Ushkowitz , Rivera , Tobin , and Newell recurring during the season , while Artist and Jenner returned briefly in the series finale . Benoist , however , does not appear at all in this season . The season was nominated for one Emmy Award for Outstanding Original Music and Lyrics .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "266db1c05a1308f55888fac0b067f51a", "text": "2006 MTV Movie Awards The 2006 MTV Movie Awards were hosted by Jessica Alba and featured performances by Christina Aguilera , AFI and Gnarls Barkley . In addition to the below awards , MTV gave lifetime achievement awards to Jim Carrey ( The MTV Generation Award ) and Spike Lee ( The Silver Bucket of Excellence , for Do the Right Thing ) . MTV held its 15th annual movie awards show on Saturday , June 3 , at the Sony Pictures Studios in Culver City , California . MTV first broadcast the award show on 8 June at 9:00 pm ET . Tenth Planet Productions produced the awards , and Joel Gallen was the executive-producer and director for the 12th consecutive year . This is also the second MTV Movie Awards show to have a host win an award . The first show was in 2004 with Lindsay Lohan winning an award . The host for the MTV Movie Awards in 2006 was Jessica Alba . Christina Aguilera performed , for the very first time , her lead single of her latest release Back to Basics , `` Ai n't No Other Man '' . Pre-recorded parodies include The Da Vinci Code , Mission : Impossible III , and King Kong .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a8f5c3bddf124c3b368fb99602b46c0c", "text": "Ian Brennan (writer) Ian Brennan ( born April 23 , 1978 ) is a television writer , actor , producer and director . He is best known for his work on the American television shows Glee and Scream Queens .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d403ba95538df951631b910094752a5", "text": "Grammy Award for Best New Artist The Grammy Award for Best New Artist has been awarded since 1959 . Years reflect the year in which the Grammy Awards were handed out , for records released in the previous year . The award was not presented in 1967 . The official guidelines are as follows : `` For a new artist who releases , during the Eligibility Year , the first recording which establishes the public identity of that artist . '' Note that this is not necessarily the first album released by an artist . It is sometimes asserted , with varying degrees of sincerity , that winning the award is a curse , as several award winners ( particularly from the late 1970s and early 1980s ) were never able to duplicate the success they experienced in their debut year . This viewpoint was expressed by former Starland Vocal Band member Taffy Danoff in a 2002 interview for VH1 's 100 Greatest One Hit Wonders : `` We got two of the five Grammys -- one was Best New Artist . So that was basically the kiss of death and I feel sorry for everyone who 's gotten it since . '' The category is also notable for being the only one of its kind in which a Grammy Award was vacated . This occurred in 1990 after it was revealed winners Milli Vanilli did not contribute their own vocals on their debut album . The award was revoked , but was not handed out to another artist . Of the 54 awards presented in the category since its inception , the honor has been presented to 25 solo female artists , 18 duos or groups , and 11 solo male artists . Between 1997 and 2003 , all the winners were solo female artists . Also , from 1993 to 2005 , no winner was a solo male artist . In 2006 , John Legend broke this trend , which started with Marc Cohn in 1992 . Only four artists have won both Best New Artist and Album of the Year in the same year : Bob Newhart in 1961 , Christopher Cross in 1981 , Lauryn Hill in 1999 and Norah Jones in 2003 . Of all the winners , only three have been country artists . In 1997 , LeAnn Rimes became the first country artist to win the award . She was followed by Carrie Underwood in 2007 and Zac Brown Band in 2010 . Additionally , 2017 marked the first time that two country artists were nominated in this category in the same year . 1984 marked the first time that all of the nominees were from outside of the United States ( Winner Culture Club , Eurythmics , and Musical Youth were from England , Big Country was from Scotland , and Men Without Hats were from Canada ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cb51e12ce9d8752aa5791d7388c11f8c", "text": "List of awards and nominations received by Cheers Cheers is an American situation comedy . It has won and been nominated for a variety of different awards , including 13 Emmy Award nominations for its first season alone , the most nominations a comedy series had ever received at that time . The show went on to receive a total of 179 Primetime Emmy nominations , winning a total of 28 over the course of its eleven seasons .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0bd57d08eac5df9d334d5cba80c62395", "text": "Glee, Actually `` Glee , Actually '' is the tenth episode of the fourth season of the American musical television series Glee , and the seventy-sixth episode overall as well as the show 's third Christmas-themed episode . Written by Matthew Hodgson and directed by Adam Shankman , it aired on Fox in the United States on December 13 , 2012 . The episode garnered mixed reviews from critics ; and was watched by 5.26 million viewers , receiving an 18-49 rating of 2.0 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1445773c08da50707979a85167e4edf4", "text": "Houston Film Critics Society Awards 2010 The 4th Houston Film Critics Society Awards were presented on December 18 , 2010 . These awards for `` extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Houston Film Critics Society ( HFCS ) based in Houston , Texas . The organization , founded in 2007 , includes 22 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications in the greater Houston area . The awards are co-sponsored by the Houston Film Commission , Southwest Alternate Media Project , Women in Film and Television/Houston , WorldFest , and the Houston Cinema Arts Society . The nominations for the 2010 awards were announced on December 12 , 2010 . Eligible films do not need to have played or opened in a Houston film theater prior to the nomination deadline , merely made available to the HFCS membership at a screening or on DVD . Along with the 13 `` best of '' category awards , this year also saw the introduction of a new category for `` Worst Movies of the Year '' . The Social Network , True Grit , and 127 Hours each received six nominations , all including the Best Picture , Actor , Direction , and Original Score categories . The Social Network was the HFCS 's most awarded film of 2010 taking top honors in the Best Picture , Best Director ( David Fincher ) , Best Actor ( Jesse Eisenberg ) , and Best Screenplay ( Aaron Sorkin ) categories . Inception was the only other film to garner multiple awards , winning both the Best Original Score ( Hans Zimmer ) and Best Cinematography ( Wally Pfister ) prizes . The other acting awards went to Natalie Portman as Best Actress for Black Swan , Hailee Steinfeld as Best Supporting Actress for True Grit , and Christian Bale as Best Supporting Actor for The Fighter . The remaining film honors went to Toy Story 3 as Best Animated Film , Restrepo as Best Documentary , and The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo as Best Foreign Language Film . `` We Are Sex Bob-Omb '' by Beck from Scott Pilgrim vs. the World was named the Best Original Song . The HFCS 's first-ever award for `` Worst Picture '' was given to Jonah Hex starring Josh Brolin . In addition to the category awards , the HFCS presented their annual Lifetime Achievement Award to Sissy Spacek and its Humanitarian Award to George Clooney . Clooney was selected for `` selflessly using his celebrity for greater good '' . The HFCS award for Outstanding Achievement in Cinema awards were presented to Charles Dove , director of the Rice University Media Center , and Hector Luna , the founder and editor of C-47 Houston .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7770b9470539cb6569fa9059a3f3f43c", "text": "A Katy or a Gaga `` A Katy or a Gaga '' is the fourth episode of the fifth season of the American musical television series Glee , and the ninety-second episode overall . It was written by executive producers Russel Friend & Garrett Lerner , and directed by co-creator Ian Brennan , and it aired on Fox in the United States on November 7 , 2013 . The episode features the music of Katy Perry and Lady Gaga , the debut of guest star Adam Lambert as Elliott `` Starchild '' Gilbert , and the return of special guest star Demi Lovato as Dani , Santana 's ( Naya Rivera ) girlfriend . In this episode , the glee club is challenged to perform music from either Katy Perry or Lady Gaga , whichever performer they have the least affinity for , to stretch their boundaries . Kurt decides to form a band , and is resistant to the idea that he should include Starchild in it following a highly flamboyant yet excellent audition . The episode was watched by 4.01 million viewers , and received mixed reviews from critics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5c5d2d088eaf86763722feaf99d39261", "text": "American Music Awards of 1983 The 10th Annual American Music Awards were held on January 17 , 1983 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dbcafe600ff5efacdecd0f8510aedc5a", "text": "The Glee Club The Glee Club is a small chain of independent live stand-up comedy and live music venues in the UK . The first Glee Club was opened by Mark Tughan in Birmingham 's Chinese Quarter in 1994 , the first dedicated comedy club to open in the United Kingdom outside London . Refurbished in 2001 the Birmingham venue has two event spaces : a 420-seat main auditorium and a 150-seat studio theatre . A second branch opened in Cardiff in 2001 and is located in the Mermaid Quay development in Cardiff Bay . It has a seated capacity of 440 and a standing capacity of 600 . ITV Wales broadcast a series of eight stand up shows from the venue in 2006 . The Cardiff venue has won the Chortle Award for best venue ( Wales and West ) eight times since the awards began in 2002 . A third club opened in Oxford in April 2010 . A fourth , two room club opened in Nottingham in September 2010 . It is attached to a café bar called Café Glee . In 2014 a High Court judge ruled that the TV show Glee ` diluted and tarnished ' the reputation of The Glee Club comedy chain . In 2014 The Glee Club won the Best Comedy Club award at the Midlands Comedy Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4256ecc6b184a5b791ba37f290c08eeb", "text": "Glee: The Music, Volume 7 Glee : The Music , Volume 7 is the eleventh soundtrack album by the cast of the American musical television series Glee . It was released by Columbia Records on December 6 , 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d2445bd011e165123b33f6fbbfa08019", "text": "Pretending (Glee song) Pretending is an original song from the second season of the American musical comedy-drama Glee , entitled New York . The episode included two other original songs : `` As Long as You 're There '' and `` Light Up the World . the song was featured on the show 's Volume 6 soundtrack . The song was written by Adam Anders , Peer Astrom and Shelly Peiken .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bee94399e121018bf5e95d75c20d742b", "text": "Prom Queen (Glee) `` Prom Queen '' is the twentieth episode of the second season of the American musical television series Glee , and the forty-second overall . It aired May 10 , 2011 on Fox in the United States . The episode was written by series creator Ian Brennan , directed by Eric Stoltz , and featured the return of guest star Jonathan Groff . In `` Prom Queen '' , the McKinley High School glee club New Directions is tapped to provide the music for the school 's junior prom . The episode shows the myriad dramas surrounding a high school prom , with the high-stakes race for prom king and queen that involves five members of the glee club , students scrambling to find dates and outfits , and the delights and disappointments of the prom itself . Upon its initial airing , this episode was viewed by 9.29 million American viewers and garnered a 3.7 / 11 Nielsen rating/share in the 18 -- 49 demographic . The total viewership was up slightly from the previous episode , `` Rumours '' . The episode received mixed reviews , which generally favored the final segment with the prom king and queen denouement over the earlier portions of the show . The music , however , was mostly received with enthusiasm , and special praise was given to the pre-prom renditions of `` Rolling in the Deep '' and `` Is n't She Lovely '' . Six songs were covered , all of which were released as singles and charted on the Billboard Hot 100 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "54e80c22c370da2f785a2abb7ce5d62a", "text": "Choke (Glee) `` Choke '' is the eighteenth episode of the third season of the American musical television series Glee , and the sixty-second overall . Written by Marti Noxon and directed by Michael Uppendahl , the episode aired on Fox in the United States on May 1 , 2012 , and features the first appearance of special guest star Whoopi Goldberg as Carmen Tibideaux , Dean of the New York Academy of Dramatic Arts ( NYADA ) , and the introduction of Puck 's father ( Thomas Calabro ) . Upon its initial airing , Choke attracted 6.01 million American viewers and received a 2.5 / 8 Nielsen rating/share in the 18 -- 49 demographic , down significantly from the 2.7 / 8 rating/share and 6.90 million viewers of the previous episode , `` Dance with Somebody '' , which was broadcast a week before .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eba0886583f27c9878f64dd7c3112252", "text": "44th Primetime Emmy Awards The 44th Primetime Emmy Awards were held on Sunday , August 30 , 1992 . The ceremony was broadcast on Fox from the Pasadena Civic Auditorium in Pasadena , California . It was hosted by Tim Allen , Kirstie Alley and Dennis Miller , and directed by Walter C. Miller . Presenters included Roseanne Barr , Tom Arnold , Scott Bakula , Candice Bergen , Corbin Bernsen , Beau Bridges , Lloyd Bridges , and Cindy Crawford . The program was written by Buddy Sheffield and Bruce Vilanch . Over 300 million people watched the ceremony in 30 countries . A rule change , instituted for this year only , stated that regular and guest performers would compete in the same category . There could be lead guest or supporting guest . On the comedy side , Murphy Brown won Outstanding Comedy Series for the second time , winning three major awards on the night , the most for a comedy series . On the drama side , L.A. Laws strangle hold on Outstanding Drama Series came to an end , as Northern Exposure took home the award . Northern Exposure also won three major awards and received nine major nominations , which tied for the most in each category . For the first time in its run , The Golden Girls , then in its seventh and final season , was not nominated for Outstanding Comedy Series . After being on the air for thirty years , The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson finally heard its name called when its final season won for Outstanding Variety , Music , or Comedy Program . The show was first nominated for the category in 1964 and was 0/13 before this ceremony .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0637c3bd582cb21848ca2a2070f49386", "text": "Grant Gustin Thomas Grant Gustin ( born January 14 , 1990 ) is an American actor , singer , and dancer . He is known for his role as Barry Allen / the Flash ( based on the DC Comics character of the same name ) on the CW series The Flash and Arrow , both in the Arrowverse television franchise , and his role as Sebastian Smythe on the Fox series Glee .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ab67c0a9ab4557eb48cb76b4f31ecb2", "text": "American Idol (season 9) The ninth season of American Idol premiered on January 12 , 2010 and concluded on May 26 , 2010 on Fox . Simon Cowell , Randy Jackson and Kara DioGuardi returned to the judging panel . Ellen DeGeneres joined the panel as a replacement for Paula Abdul after guest judges filled in during the auditions . Idol Gives Back also returned for the season and was held on April 21 , 2010 , during the top seven results show . The top 24 semi-finals format used in the fourth through seventh seasons also returned this season . Cowell , DioGuardi and DeGeneres all left the show after this season ended , although only Cowell 's departure was announced in advance . This was the second season where neither of the final 2 contestants had been in the bottom 2 or 3 prior to the finale , with the first being the seventh season . This was also the third consecutive season a male contestant had won , the longest streak for either gender . It was the first season since sixth season where a female made it to the finale and was also the first time since seventh season seven that both the finalists released a different song as a debut single . Lee DeWyze , a folk rocker from Mount Prospect , Illinois won the competition , beating the runner-up Crystal Bowersox . Eight contestants from this season were signed to record labels . The signed artists are Lee DeWyze , Crystal Bowersox , Casey James , Michael Lynche , Siobhan Magnus , Tim Urban , Didi Benami , and Lacey Brown .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "31e0c2902da52dd1f923e4530182e88b", "text": "Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Christian Music Performance/Song The Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Christian Music Performance/Song was a new category at the 2015 ceremony of the annual Grammy Awards . It combines two previously separate categories in the Gospel/Contemporary Christian Music field , Best Contemporary Christian Music Song and Best Gospel/Contemporary Christian Music Performance . The new category recognizes both songwriters and performers ( solo/duos/groups / collaborations/etc . ) and is open for singles or tracks only . Songwriters are only awarded a Grammy Award if it is a newly written song . Grammy 's for cover versions of previously recorded songs are awarded to the performer ( s ) only . Along with the also newly formed Best Gospel Performance/Song category , these mark the only Grammy categories which honor both performers and songwriters in one category . These changes were made in June 2014 by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences `` in the interest of clarifying the criteria , representing the current culture and creative DNA of the gospel and Contemporary Christian Music communities , and better reflecting the diversity and authenticity of today 's gospel music industry . '' According to the Grammy committee , the move recognizes `` the critical contribution of both songwriters and performers by combining songwriters and artists into the Best Gospel Performance/Song and Best Contemporary Christian Music Performance/Song categories . '' Gospel performances , which were previously recognized in the Best Gospel/Contemporary Christian Music Performance category , will now fall under the newly created Best Gospel Performance/Song category .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "475af628ce36adf1f451d82b83024fc7", "text": "Britney/Brittany `` Britney/Brittany '' is the second episode of the second season of the American television series Glee , and the twenty-fourth episode overall . Written and directed by series creator Ryan Murphy , it premiered on the Fox network on September 28 , 2010 , and pays tribute to Britney Spears . Glee club member Brittany S. Pierce ( Heather Morris ) experiences an anesthesia-induced hallucination in which she recreates iconic Spears moments , and comes to self-realization , and several club members follow suit . Co-captains Rachel ( Lea Michele ) and Finn ( Cory Monteith ) experience difficulties in their relationship , and club director Will Schuester ( Matthew Morrison ) becomes jealous of guidance counselor Emma Pillsbury 's ( Jayma Mays ) new boyfriend , Dr. Carl Howell ( John Stamos ) . Following the first season episode `` The Power of Madonna '' , which served as an homage to Madonna , Murphy planned two tribute episodes for Glee second season , of which `` Britney/Brittany '' is the first . He was approached by Spears about using her songs , and deemed her one of the most important female musicians of the decade , having inspired many of the show 's young cast to pursue musical careers . Spears makes several cameos in the episode , appearing in the students ' dream sequences . `` Britney/Brittany '' was also intended as a showcase for Morris , whose character was originally a background character on the show , but was promoted to a series regular after her character proved to be a fan favorite . The episode features seven musical performances , six of which were released as singles . It was watched by 13.51 million American viewers , Glee third largest audience ever , and attracted mixed reviews from critics . ToddVanDerWerff of The A.V. Club criticized its slightness of plot and incongruous musical numbers ; however , James Poniewozik of Time praised the episode for embracing its fantasy nature . Entertainment Weekly Tim Stack was dismayed by the close recreations of Spears videos , preferring Glee more original interpretations of its cover versions , yet MTV 's Aly Semigran felt that the performance of `` I 'm a Slave 4 U '' was one of the best sequences in the show 's history . Michele 's rendition of '' ... Baby One More Time '' attracted negative reviews , though her performance of Paramore 's `` The Only Exception '' was generally well received . Spears ' cameo received mixed reviews , with even those critics who received it favorably expressing relief that she did not appear for longer . Morris ' performance attracted critical praise , particularly for her dancing skills .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "77ae8b021d1611a2bee6b52f67249473", "text": "Pilot (Glee) `` Pilot '' is the pilot episode of the American television series Glee , which premiered on the Fox network on May 19 , 2009 . An extended director 's cut version aired on September 2 , 2009 . The show focuses on a high school show choir , also known as a glee club , set within the fictional William McKinley High School in Lima , Ohio . The pilot episode covers the formation of the club and introduces the main characters . The episode was directed by series creator Ryan Murphy , and written by Murphy , Brad Falchuk and Ian Brennan . Murphy selected the music featured in the episode , with the intention of maintaining a balance between showtunes and chart hits . The episode achieved 9.619 million viewers on first broadcast , and 4.2 million when the director 's cut version aired . Critical response was mixed , with The New York Times Alessandra Stanley highlighting the episode 's unoriginality and stereotyped characters , but praising the showmanship and talent of the cast . The Daily News David Hinckley opined that the show was imperfect and implausible but `` potentially heartwarming , '' while USA Today Robert Bianco noted casting and tone problems , but commented positively on the show 's humor and musical performances . Mary McNamara for the LA Times wrote that the show had a wide audience appeal , calling it : `` the first show in a long time that 's just plain full-throttle , no-guilty-pleasure-rationalizations-necessary fun . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e3681aa0087f5f31ff278df7d902e41a", "text": "Glee Live! In Concert! Glee Live ! In Concert ! is a concert tour performed in character by members of the cast of the popular television series , Glee . The tour , created by series creator Ryan Murphy was designed due to the overwhelming response to the series . The show reached North America , the United Kingdom and Ireland . Murphy states the series ' soundtrack and concerts were an additional revenue stream for the series . The tour received great responses from both music critics and fans of the series . The first North American leg of the tour in 2010 was seen by over 70,000 spectators , generating over five million dollars in ticket sales and ranking ninth on the Billboard Hot Tours list . The 2011 tour was seen by an audience of over 485,000 and placed sixteenth on Billboard annual Top 25 Tours list , earning over $ 40 million from 40 shows .", "title": "" } ]
fever
4a19fa9637369a5244cb5bfa953edfb8
Charles, Prince of Wales has not sought to raise world awareness of the dangers facing the natural environment, such as climate change.
[ { "docid": "774d32a9ca141667065272f45aaac608", "text": "Charles, Prince of Wales Charles , Prince of Wales ( Charles Philip Arthur George ; born 14 November 1948 ) is the eldest child and heir apparent of Queen Elizabeth II . Known alternatively in South West England as Duke of Cornwall and in Scotland as Duke of Rothesay , he is the longest-serving heir apparent in British history , having held the position since 1952 . He is also the oldest person to be next in line to the throne since Sophia of Hanover ( the heir presumptive to Queen Anne ) , who died in 1714 at the age of 83 . Charles was born at Buckingham Palace as the first grandchild of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth . He was educated at Cheam and Gordonstoun Schools , which his father , Prince Philip , Duke of Edinburgh , had attended as a child , as well as the Timbertop campus of Geelong Grammar School in Victoria , Australia . After earning a bachelor of arts degree from Trinity College , Cambridge , Charles served in the Royal Navy from 1971 to 1976 . In 1981 , he married Lady Diana Spencer and they had two sons : Prince William ( born 1982 ) later to become Duke of Cambridge , and Prince Harry ( born 1984 ) . In 1996 , the couple divorced , following well-publicised extramarital affairs . Diana died in a car crash in Paris the following year . In 2005 , Charles married Camilla Parker Bowles . Charles 's interests encompass a range of humanitarian and social issues : he founded The Prince 's Trust in 1976 , sponsors The Prince 's Charities , and is patron of numerous other charitable and arts organisations . Charles has long championed organic farming for which he established the Duchy Home Farm , run by the Duchy of Cornwall , which produces ingredients for the Duchy Originals brand which he founded in 1990 . Charles has sought to raise world awareness of the dangers facing the natural environment , such as climate change . As an environmentalist , he has received numerous awards and recognition from environmental groups around the world . His support for alternative medicine , including homeopathy , has been criticised by some in the medical community . He has been outspoken on the role of architecture in society and the conservation of historic buildings . Subsequently , Charles created Poundbury , an experimental new town based on his theories , in Dorset in 1993 . He has authored a number of books , including A Vision of Britain : A Personal View of Architecture in 1989 and the children 's book The Old Man of Lochnagar in 1980 .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "86084993280e8253fc7b4eb19ba7d878", "text": "Conservatism Conservatism is a political and social philosophy that promotes retaining traditional social institutions in the context of culture and civilization . By some definitions , conservatives have variously sought to preserve institutions including religion , monarchy , parliamentary government , property rights and the social hierarchy , emphasizing stability and continuity , while the more extreme elements called reactionaries oppose modernism and seek a return to `` the way things were '' . The first established use of the term in a political context originated with François-René de Chateaubriand in 1818 , during the period of Bourbon restoration that sought to roll back the policies of the French Revolution . The term , historically associated with right-wing politics , has since been used to describe a wide range of views . There is no single set of policies that are universally regarded as conservative , because the meaning of conservatism depends on what is considered traditional in a given place and time . Thus conservatives from different parts of the world -- each upholding their respective traditions -- may disagree on a wide range of issues . Edmund Burke , an 18th-century politician who opposed the French Revolution but supported the American Revolution , is credited as one of the main theorists of conservatism in Great Britain in the 1790s . According to Quintin Hogg , the chairman of the British Conservative Party in 1959 , `` Conservatism is not so much a philosophy as an attitude , a constant force , performing a timeless function in the development of a free society , and corresponding to a deep and permanent requirement of human nature itself '' . In contrast to the tradition-based definition of conservatism , political theorists such as Corey Robin define conservatism primarily in terms of a general defense of social and economic inequality . From this perspective conservatism is less an attempt to uphold traditional institutions and more `` a meditation on -- and theoretical rendition of -- the felt experience of having power , seeing it threatened , and trying to win it back . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "65db15b7b1b6d8061b34c5578b25d138", "text": "1952 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Economic Conference The 1952 Commonwealth Prime Ministers ' Economic Conference was an emergency Meeting of the Heads of Government of the Commonwealth of Nations . It was called by the British government of Sir Winston Churchill and held in the United Kingdom in December 1952 as a follow-up to a Commonwealth Finance Minister 's conference held in January 1952 . The conference was held in the context of British economic and military decline and the United States ' surging role in the world . The principal topic of the conference was the convertibility and liquidity of Pound sterling into American dollars and British concerns that non-sterling Commonwealth countries were building up sterling balances for the purpose of conversion into American dollars , the future of the Pound sterling area , and the alleviation of Commonwealth trade restrictions and imperial preference , particularly in the light of the surging American economy and the desire of Commonwealth countries such as Australia for American investment in order for economic development to occur against British concerns that American economic dominance threatened Britain 's economic position . This discussion was necessary as the Commonwealth , with the exception of Canada , had a common pool of gold and dollar reserves . Little was accomplished in the economic discussion with the final communique being described as an `` agreement in platitudes '' . British concerns at being excluded from the ANZUS military treaty between Australia , New Zealand and the United States were also a topic and were addressed by a communique issued by the prime ministers supporting Britain 's demand for a voice in ANZUS . In addition , Commonwealth prime ministers , after months of discussion on whether the newly ascended Queen Elizabeth II should have a uniform Royal Styles and Titles throughout the Commonwealth or whether realms should adopt their own styles and titles , it was agreed that each member of the Commonwealth `` should use for its own purposes a form of the Royal Style and Titles which suits its own particular circumstances but retains a substantial element which is common to all '' and agreed to pass appropriate legislation in their respective parliaments . The prime ministers also agreed to proclaim the new Queen , Elizabeth II , Head of the Commonwealth in succession of her late father , George VI .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "732bd731c698a975d3c1beb6b2bb7e17", "text": "Crown Estate The Crown Estate is a collection of lands and holdings in the United Kingdom belonging to the British monarch as a corporation sole , making it the `` Sovereign 's public estate '' , which is neither government property nor part of the monarch 's private estate . As a result of this arrangement , the sovereign is not involved with the management or administration of the estate , exercising only very limited control of its affairs . Instead , the estate 's extensive portfolio is overseen by a semi-independent , incorporated public body headed by the Crown Estate Commissioners , who exercise `` the powers of ownership '' of the estate , although they are not `` owners in their own right '' . The revenues from these hereditary possessions have been placed by the monarch at the disposition of Her Majesty 's Government and thus proceed directly to Her Majesty 's Treasury for the benefit of the British nation . The Crown Estate is formally accountable to the Parliament of the United Kingdom , where it is legally mandated to make an annual report to the sovereign , a copy of which is forwarded to the House of Commons . The Crown Estate is one of the largest property managers in the United Kingdom , overseeing property worth # 12 billion , with urban properties valued at # 9.1 billion representing the majority of the estate by value . These include a large number of properties in central London , but the estate also controls 792000 ha of agricultural land and forest , more than half of the UK 's foreshore , and retains various other traditional holdings and rights , including Ascot Racecourse and Windsor Great Park . Naturally occurring gold and silver in the UK , collectively known as `` Mines Royal '' , are managed by The Crown Estate and leased to mining operators . Historically , Crown Estate properties were administered by the reigning monarch to help fund the business of governing the country . However , in 1760 , George III surrendered control over the Estate 's revenues to the treasury , thus relieving him of the responsibility of personally paying for the costs of the civil service , defence costs , the national debt , and his own personal debts . In return , he received an annual grant known as the Civil list . By tradition , each subsequent monarch agreed to this arrangement upon his or her accession . However , from 1 April 2012 , under the terms of the Sovereign Grant Act 2011 ( SSG ) , the Civil List was abolished and the monarch was thenceforth provided with a stable source of revenue indexed to a percentage of the Crown Estate 's annual net revenue ( currently set at 15 % ) . This was intended to provide a long-term solution and remove the politically sensitive issue of Parliament having to debate the Civil List allowance every ten years . Subsequently , the Sovereign Grant Act allows for all future monarchs to simply extend these provisions for their reigns by Order in Council . The act does not imply any legal change on the nature of the estate 's ownership , but is simply a benchmark by which the sovereign grant is set as a grant by Parliament .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bae147e6924fd3ca9a56293b4e69c20b", "text": "Geology of South Wales South Wales is an area with many features of outstanding interest to geologists , who have for long used the area for University field trips . This varied and accessible region has provided a written record of geological interest that dates to the 12th century , when Giraldus Cambrensis noted pyritous shales near Newport . Some of the first published representations of fossils were of fossil plants from coal measures near Neath ( Gibson late 17th century ) . The British geologists Adam Sedgwick and Roderick Murchison did fundamentally important work in South Wales on Old Red Sandstone and the underlying rocks . The first volume of memoirs ( 1846 ) published by the Geological Survey contained a conspectus of the geology of South Wales that set a template for all future work . Significant discoveries continue to be made . For instance , in Carmarthenshire , in the late 70s , John Cope detected a small area of Precambrian and Cambrian rocks . Other parts of South Wales , however , have not seen a Geological Survey officer since the mid-19th century . The geology of south Wales was central to the massive contribution Wales made to the Industrial Revolution . Several successive periods are represented , including all of the Palaeozoic periods . Pembrokeshire has outcrops of both Precambrian and Cambrian ( 542-488 million years ago ) rocks . A notable feature of the Ordovician system ( 488-444 million years old ) is a major subsidence area , or basin , which later filled with substantial thicknesses of mostly sandy and muddy sediment . The line of the shallower continental shelf area , to the south-east , ran approximately from the Long Mynd ( in Shropshire ) to Haverfordwest in Pembrokeshire . Some volcanic action also occurred . This thick sedimentary deposition continued into the Silurian period ( 444-416 million years old ) . Silurian volcanicity led to production of lavas at localised sites such as Skomer Island . Silurian rocks are widely distributed in south Wales and are well displayed on the Cardiganshire coast . The Silurian and earlier rocks were folded , faulted , and distorted several times , notably during the late Ordovician , and late Silurian , by which time the area had begun to rise above sea level as mountain ranges were uplifted to the north-west . This was caused by the collision of a proto-North America ( `` Laurentia '' ) and the present southern Britain ( `` Eastern Avalonia '' ) . The intervening sea , the Iapetus Ocean , closed as a result of plate tectonic movements , similar to those that now close the Mediterranean Sea between Europe and Africa . The succeeding Devonian period ( 416-359 million years ago ) saw mostly alluvial deposits ( `` Old Red Sandstone '' ) , which were interrupted by major uplift . Following this , the land subsided again in the Carboniferous period ( 359-299 million years ago ) . In the early Carboniferous period , limestones were deposited on a continental shelf , which deepened towards the south where there was a major sea area . During earth movements caused by the approach of a continent from the south , sea shallowing led to thick alluvial and coastal plain sediments ( see below ) containing economic developments of coal . Carboniferous Limestone outcrops occur in south Pembrokeshire , the Gower Peninsula , the Vale of Glamorgan and around the edge of the coalfield . At the end of the Carboniferous , during Permian ( 299-251 my ago ) time , Wales is thought to have been a landmass . Only in late Triassic ( 251-200 my ago ) times did deposition return , with coarse-grained screes forming around a series of low but rugged hills . Continuing deposition led to the formation of the early Jurassic deposits of mudstones and muddy limestones ( the `` Lias '' ) . Deposits later than this are almost completely absent , although the Chalk sea probably covered most of Wales between 100 and 66 million years ago . Any such later deposits have been eroded away . One of the geological rarities of south Wales is the coastline of St Brides Major at Ogmore-by-Sea and Southerndown . Its cliffs are composed partly of earliest Jurassic Sutton stone , a rare freestone that is a marginal or coastal deposit derived in part from erosion of carboniferous limestone . Sutton stone has always been highly regarded : as well as being used in construction throughout the Vale of Glamorgan , it was also shipped over the Bristol Channel to North Devon and North Cornwall , which are both deficient in limestone . A major geological feature of the Upper Carboniferous rocks in south Wales is the south Wales coalfield . The rocks comprising this important area were laid down during the later Carboniferous . This sedimentary succession includes a sequence with a thickness of more than 1800 m in the west . The coal measures were laid down on a low-lying waterlogged plain with peat mires immediately south of an ancient and persistent geological feature known as the Wales-London-Brabant High . Burial converted the peat deposits to thinner coal seams . Later earth movements distorted the coal-bearing strata , and the difficulty of mining led to premature closure of many mines on economic grounds , especially in Pembrokeshire where seams were squeezed completely out of shape .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e75739ba93b9318a1de31c98eeaa7fb", "text": "World Charter for Nature World Charter for Nature was adopted by United Nations member nation-states on October 28 , 1982 . It proclaims five `` principles of conservation by which all human conduct affecting nature is to be guided and judged . '' Nature shall be respected and its essential processes shall not be impaired . The genetic viability on the earth shall not be compromised ; the population levels of all life forms , wild and domesticated , must be at least sufficient for their survival , and to this end necessary habitats shall be safeguarded . All areas of the earth , both land and sea , shall be subject to these principles of conservation ; special protection shall be given to unique areas , to representative samples of all the different types of ecosystems and to the habitats of rare or endangered species . Ecosystems and organisms , as well as the land , marine and atmospheric resources that are utilized by man , shall be managed to achieve and maintain optimum sustainable productivity , but not in such a way as to endanger the integrity of those other ecosystems or species with which they coexist . Nature shall be secured against degradation caused by warfare or other hostile activities . The vote was 111 for , one against ( United States ) , 18 abstentions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7ff156b12e421925d9014fbb6532f91f", "text": "Flow Country The Flow Country is a large , rolling expanse of peatland and wetland area of Caithness and Sutherland in Scotland . It is the largest expanse of blanket bog in Europe , and covers about 4,000 square kilometres ( 1500 mile2 ) . The area is home to a rich variety of wildlife , and is used as a breeding ground for many different species of birds , including greenshank , dunlin , merlin and golden plover . The Flow Country was badly damaged between 1979 and 1987 through the planting of non-native conifer forests and the cutting of thousands of miles of drains . The trees dried out the peat , changing the habitat and destroying its value for birds and other wildlife . The trees were mostly planted on land bought by Fountain Forestry who recognised that this would be attractive to wealthy investors who could claim planting grants and tax relief against all their other income , at a time of high personal taxation . The ploughing of the bogs and tree planting helped to reduce local unemployment which was among the highest in the United Kingdom : however in 1987 the Nature Conservancy Council ( NCC ) launched a report in London that was highly critical of the foresters . The Conservative Party which was in government at the time decided to disband the NCC and create a separate Scottish agency now called Scottish Natural Heritage . However , in 1988 Nigel Lawson , The Chancellor of the Exchequer , recognised that a tax break was doing enormous harm to the last real wilderness in the United Kingdom and scrapped the forestry tax reliefs . This immediately halted further planting and encouraged the Forestry Commission to adopt a much broader approach that respects existing landscapes . In an effort to restore the damage , the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds ( RSPB ) have bought a large area in the centre of the Flow Country and have created the Forsinard nature reserve . More than 20 km2 has been bought back from Fountain Forestry and the young trees felled and allowed to rot in the plough furrow in the hope and expectation that , in 30 to 100 years , the land will revert to peat bog . The Flow Country is on the 2006 UK `` tentative list '' as a possible UNESCO World Heritage Site . The application was re-listed in 2010 and Stuart Housden , the director of RSPB Scotland and a member of the Rural Development Council , said , `` This largely unspoilt landscape has thousands of hectares of ancient blanket peat land , making this perhaps the most important area of its type in the Northern Hemisphere . A global badge would certainly help us to get this special place in better heart . This area was sorely threatened in the 1980s and early 1990s by inappropriate afforestation , but just in time a conservation campaign mounted by the RSPB stopped the worst excesses . Action is now underway to restore the area . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "61ecfd2cfddc6e6c45cec165c2b45c2b", "text": "Hunger in the United Kingdom Chronic hunger has affected a sizable proportion of the UK 's population throughout most of its history . The problem was largely solved with the improved economic conditions that followed World War II . Yet since the lasting global inflation in the price of food that began in late 2006 , and especially since the financial crisis of 2008 , severe hunger has once again began to affect thousands of Britons . By December 2013 , according to a group of doctors and academics writing in The British Medical Journal , hunger in the UK had reached the level of a `` public health emergency '' . In the run up to the 2015 general election , the issue of hunger in the UK became somewhat politicised , with right wing commentators expressing scepticism about figures presented by church groups and left leaning activitists . An All-Party MP group focusing on hunger in the UK has called for activists to be cautious in how they discuss the problem of domestic hunger , as exaggerated claims and political point scoring risk reducing public support for tackling the issue . In a 2016 report , the All-Party group stated it is not possible to accurately quantify the number of people suffering from hunger in the UK , and called for better collection of data . The UK has seen several changes in prevailing attitudes to the problem of hunger and its relief . In the early 19th century , a view arose that it was counter productive to assist those suffering from hunger ; rather people should be left to fend for themselves , which would help them become more self-sufficient and would also assist the free market to deliver prosperity . By the early 20th century this way of thinking had been largely displaced by the humanitarian view that Britons have a moral duty to help the hungry when they are able .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d4d218c8b1078ffac5b549a6c613f9fc", "text": "The Real Global Warming Disaster The Real Global Warming Disaster ( Is the Obsession with ` Climate Change ' Turning Out to Be the Most Costly Scientific Blunder in History ? ) is a 2009 book by English journalist and author Christopher Booker in which he asserts that global warming can not be attributed to humans , and then alleges how the scientific opinion on climate change was formulated . From a standpoint of environmental scepticism , Booker seeks to combine an analysis of the science of global warming with the consequences of political decisions to reduce emissions and claims that , as governments prepare to make radical changes in energy policies , the scientific evidence for global warming is becoming increasingly challenged . He asserts that global warming is not supported by a significant number of climate scientists , and criticises how the UN 's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ( IPCC ) presents evidence and data , in particular citing its reliance on potentially inaccurate global climate models to make temperature projections . Booker concludes , `` it begins to look very possible that the nightmare vision of our planet being doomed '' may be imaginary , and that , if so , `` it will turn out to be one of the most expensive , destructive , and foolish mistakes the human race has ever made '' . The book 's claims were strongly criticised by science writer Philip Ball , but the book was praised by several columnists . The book opens with an erroneous quotation , which Booker subsequently acknowledged and promised to correct in future editions . The book was Amazon UK 's fourth bestselling environment book of the decade 2000 -- 10 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b324ab915047c8d7759f1cca1e378457", "text": "Hunt Monitors In The United Kingdom ( The U.K. ) , Hunt Monitors endeavour to observe behaviours of organized hunts and undertake information gathering activities , known as hunt monitoring . Hunt monitoring activities are undertaken mainly by private individuals who wish to see The Hunting Act 2004 , passed by The U.K. Parliament , upheld by The U.K. Courts . Hunt monitoring is also carried out by a number of animal welfare organizations in The U.K. . The prime aim of hunt monitors is to facilitate successful prosecution of those who do not hunt within the laws of The U.K. , through gathering evidence of illegal hunting . The Hunting Act 2004 became law , in England and Wales , in February 2005 . It bans hunting with dogs of particular wild mammals , namely : foxes , deer , hare and mink . The ban was achieved through efforts of many campaigners , over almost a century . In recent years , evidence gathering by hunt monitors became central to the long campaign to ban hunting with hounds , as hunt monitors began to use portable video cameras to record hunting activity . Recorded evidence of hunting with dogs , collected by hunt monitors , was shown in the media and to Members of Parliament , and contributed to evidence used to support passage of The Hunting Bill through Parliament . Before the hunting with dogs ban came into force , it was reported that an estimated 50,000 hunt supporters had signed a `` Hunting Declaration '' , pledging that they would break any such anti-hunting law , should it be put onto The Statute Book . Local newspapers were invited to hunting rallies , in order to publicize signings of `` Hunting Declarations '' . In contrast to tackling illegal hare coursing fairly consistently , the police and The Crown Prosecution Services have seemed reluctant to act against organized hunts . Nevertheless , several years after The Hunting Act became law , many members of organized hunts have been taken to court . Members of hunts and a complete hunt , as a corporate body , have been convicted on numerous counts of hunting illegally . The work of hunt monitors has been recognized by Ann Widdecombe , a former Conservative Minister and MP . On 22 March 2007 , Ann Widdecombe , MP led an Adjournment Debate in The U.K. Parliament , where , in The House of Commons , she raised an issue of enforcement of The Hunting Act 2004 . She explained to The House the roles of hunt monitors and the problems which they encounter . She paid tribute to hunt monitors , saying '' ... some of them are extremely brave . '' Later in 2007 , on 31st October , Ann Widdecombe , MP held a reception in Parliament , where she showed film to those present , including representatives of 11 police forces , The Crown Prosecution Service ( CPS ) , The Association of Chief Police Officers ( ACPO ) and Members of Parliament , which demonstrated that the hunting law was being broken , up and down the country . She pointed out that the only people monitoring these activities were groups of hunt monitors . In January 2011 , The Huntsman and a Terrierman of The Fernie Hunt were found guilty of digging a fox out of a sett and , in May 2012 , three members of The Crawley and Horsham Hunt were found guilty of illegal hunting . In August 2012 , two members of The Meynell and South Staffordshire Hunt were found guilty of illegal hunting . The Hunt Master and a Terrierman were each convicted at Derby Magistrates ' Court . In December 2012 , The Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals ( RSPCA ) took out a private prosecution , using evidence collected by several , independent hunt monitors , against Heythrop Hunt Limited . This was a landmark case , as it was the first time that an organized hunt was prosecuted as a corporate body . The Heythrop Hunt , its Huntsman and its Senior Master all pleaded guilty to four charges of illegally hunting a fox . A major reason why some hunts have been prosecuted and convicted successfully is because of the availability of compelling evidence , gathered by hunt monitors , whose footage of certain , organized hunts ' illegal activities has provided important evidence , necessary to bring illegal hunters to justice . Hunt monitors have been subjected to threats , assault , damage to their cars , cameras and radios , as well as verbal abuse , obstruction and intimidation . On 13 February 2013 , Chris Williamson , MP led a debate in The House of Commons , entitled Policing of Violence at Hunts , to highlight , as he put it '' ... the antisocial and criminal behaviour ... '' directed towards hunt monitors by some hunt supporters . In 2014 , The RSPCA commissioned an independent review of its prosecution activity . In the review , Stephen Wooler , CB refers several times to hunt monitors , e.g. , `` The volume of footage available -LSB- taken by hunt monitors -RSB- leaves the objective viewer in no doubt on the balance of probabilities that it is ` business as usual ' for many hunts because enforcement is so difficult . '' While some hunt monitors are employed by organizations and charities , such as The League Against Cruel Sports and International Fund for Animal Welfare , most are private individuals , who are unpaid and self-funded . Some hunt monitors accept donations to support their activities , made through social media sites , such as GoFundMe and Facebook .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "55f7c657aaea89db88a9c84e7dad65ea", "text": "George IV of the United Kingdom George IV ( George Augustus Frederick ; 12 August 1762 -- 26 June 1830 ) was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and of Hanover following the death of his father , George III , on 29 January 1820 , until his own death ten years later . From 1811 until his accession , he served as Prince Regent during his father 's final mental illness . George IV led an extravagant lifestyle that contributed to the fashions of the Regency era . He was a patron of new forms of leisure , style and taste . He commissioned John Nash to build the Royal Pavilion in Brighton and remodel Buckingham Palace , and Sir Jeffry Wyattville to rebuild Windsor Castle . His charm and culture earned him the title `` the first gentleman of England '' , but his poor relationship with both his father and his wife , Caroline of Brunswick , and his dissolute way of life , earned him the contempt of the people and dimmed the prestige of the monarchy . He even forbade Caroline to attend his coronation and asked the government to introduce the unpopular Pains and Penalties Bill in a desperate , unsuccessful attempt to divorce her . For most of George 's regency and reign , Lord Liverpool controlled the government as Prime Minister , with little help from George . His ministers found his behaviour selfish , unreliable and irresponsible . At all times he was much under the influence of favourites . Taxpayers were angry at his wasteful spending at a time when Britons were fighting in the Napoleonic Wars . He did not provide national leadership in time of crisis , nor act as a role model for his people . Liverpool 's government presided over Britain 's ultimate victory , negotiated the peace settlement , and attempted to deal with the social and economic malaise that followed . After Liverpool 's retirement , George was forced to accept Catholic emancipation despite opposing it . His only child , Princess Charlotte , died before him in 1817 and so he was succeeded by his younger brother , William .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "78ea6dd9287f24c0855296115377c03b", "text": "Ecological self Ecological self is central to the school of Experiential Deep Ecology , which , based on the work of Norwegian philosopher Arne Næss , argues that through the process of self-actualisation , one transcends the nations of the individuated `` egoic '' self and arrives at a position of an ecological self . So long as one is working within the narrower concept of self , Næss argues , environmentally responsible behaviour is a form of altruism , a `` doing good for the other '' , which historically has been a precarious ethical basis , usually involved in exhorting others to `` be good '' . Næss argues that in his Ecosophy , the enlargement of the ego-self to the eco-self results in environmentally responsible behaviour as a form of self-interest . Warwick Fox argued that Næss 's philosophy was based upon a variety of `` transpersonal ecology '' in which self-interest was firmly embedded within the interest of the ecommunity ecosphere of which the self was eternally embedded As deep ecologist John Seed has stated , `` Deep ecology critiques the idea that we are the crown of creation , the measure of all being : that the world is a pyramid with humanity rightly on top , merely a resource , and that nature has instrumental value only '' . The concept of the Ecological Self goes beyond anthropocentrism , which , by contrast locates human concerns as the exclusive source of all value . It draws upon the Land Ethic of Aldo Leopold . Leopold argued that within conventional ethics , the land itself was considered only as property , occupying a role analogous to slavery in earlier societies that permitted the ownership of people . By comparison a land ethic enlarges the boundary of moral concern to include `` soils , waters , plants , and animals , or collectively : the land '' . The basis of such a non-anthropocentric ethic , according to Leopold was that `` A thing is right when it tends to preserve the integrity , stability , and beauty of the biotic community . It is wrong when it tends otherwise . '' Like Thomas Berry and Brian Swimme , ecological philosopher Freya Mathews argues that in considering the ecological self , we need to look beyond the present to the `` deep time '' of ages past , in the evolution of life and the creation of the cosmos , in order to consider the real roots of human consciousness . Experiential deep ecologist Joanna Macy speaks of the Ecological Self in her book `` World as Lover , World as Self '' , and uses the concept in her work on `` Deep Time '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a2bea8dfd8b249f125bf9dd1bd95d537", "text": "P8 Group The P8 Group brings together senior leaders from some of the world 's largest public pension funds to develop actions relating to global issues and particularly climate change . It is an initiative of the Cambridge Programme for Sustainability Leadership ( CPSL ) and HRH Prince of Wales 's Business and Environment Programme ( BEP ) supported by the Environmental Capital Group ( ECG ) and the Nand & Jeet Khemka Foundation . The P8 Group involves ten leading global pension funds and sovereign wealth funds , including representatives from Europe , Asia , Australasia and North America . They represent over $ 3 trillion of investment capital and as pension funds have an inherently long term focus . In November 2007 the first P8 Summit was held . This brought together leaders from eight of the world 's largest public pension funds with key experts including Vice President Al Gore and HRH Prince of Wales . The P8 Summit was a critical start in getting pension funds to lead in the move toward a low carbon economy . Participants agreed to continue working together to address climate change , both within their organizations and as a group to influence policy and markets . The group , at this point 10 pension funds , met again in July 2008 to further develop their strategy . At this meeting HRH Prince of Wales welcomed their continued `` determination to put substantial money into investments that address climate change . '' This organisation has now disbanded , and was replaced in 2010 by the P80 Group Foundation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e97e531d8e65825f2ac329ae20c783d", "text": "The Prince's Trust The Prince 's Trust is a charity in the United Kingdom founded in 1976 by Charles , Prince of Wales , and Frederick John Pervin to help young people . They run a range of training programmes , provide mentoring support and offer financial grants to build the confidence and motivation of disadvantaged young people . Each year they work with about 60,000 young people , with around 80 % moving on to employment , education , training or volunteering . In 1999 , the numerous Trust charities were brought together as The Prince 's Trust and was acknowledged by The Queen at a ceremony in Buckingham Palace where she granted it a Royal Charter . The following year it devolved in Wales , Scotland , Northern Ireland and other English regions but overall control remained in London . The Prince 's Trust fundraising and campaign events are often hosted and feature entertainers from around the world . In April 2011 the youth charity Fairbridge became part of the Trust . The Prince 's Trust is one of the most successful funding organisations in the UK and the UK 's leading youth charity , having helped over 825,000 young people turn their lives around , created 125,000 entrepreneurs and given business support to 395,000 people in the UK . From 2006 to 2016 , its work for the youth has been worth an estimated # 1.4 billion .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1b732bd020a31d85d3432720cb93f645", "text": "Eco-sufficiency Eco-sufficiency requires a reduction of the level of production/consumption in those parts of the world with the highest standards of living beyond reducing the use of natural resources as well as waste and emissions per unit of production/consumption ( = decoupling/delinking ) . Given a very loose relation in rich countries between material wealth , GDP and human well-being , this might be possible even without reducing the latter , while , for example , increasing leisure and non-material activities for well-being . There are potentials to reduce substantially the use of natural resources without compromising human wealth . However , many studies show that economic growth `` eats up '' these gains at least partially : if the economy grows by 2 % per annum we need an increasing resource productivity by 4 % in order to achieve a 2 % reduction of the absolute resource use . While eco-efficiency aims to improve the effectiveness of material , energy , and land use , eco-sufficiency aims at reducing negative environmental consequences through a reduction of the demand for consumer goods . Eco-sufficiency is closely related to issues of quality of life and work-life balance . It can to some extent be achieved on the individual level , e.g. through energy savings , reduction of transport and change in diets ( less meat ) . However , it also requires a change in social frameworks , provided on the national or European level , including measures such as environmental taxes , environmental planning and new concepts of labour . Eco-sufficiency is largely associated with the idea of altruism -- the sober lifestyle adopted by its advocates is a manifestation of their concern for the well-being of future generations -- and thus to date is endorsed by only a small minority of members of industrialised societies . A wide spread of eco-sufficiency will only occur , if people find the new lifestyles sufficiently attractive . It needs to be shown that less material wealth can bring increased well-being or happiness to individuals and societies . For example , it has been shown that downsizing or relocating consumers can be motivated by purely selfish reasons such as improving one 's health , avoiding stress , the nostalgia for a `` good old time '' and so on . An important aspect here is related to the so-called work-and-spend cycle . If leisure and forms of work other than employment ( incl . self-employment ) , such as caring , do it yourself and community work gain relevance , income - and therefore consumption - would be reduced .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "68565af946b0b8279ccc7d77f2e5f794", "text": "Monarchy A monarchy is a form of government in which a group , usually a family called the dynasty , embodies the country 's national identity and one of its members , called the monarch , exercises a role of sovereignty . The actual power of the monarch may vary from purely symbolic ( crowned republic ) , to partial and restricted ( constitutional monarchy ) , to completely autocratic ( absolute monarchy ) . Traditionally and in most cases , the monarch 's post is inherited and lasts until death or abdication , but there are also elective monarchies where the monarch is elected . Each of these has variations : in some elected monarchies only those of certain pedigrees are , whereas many hereditary monarchies impose requirements regarding the religion , age , gender , mental capacity , etc. . Occasionally this might create a situation of rival claimants whose legitimacy is subject to effective election . Finally , there have been cases where the term of a monarch 's reign is either fixed in years or continues until certain goals are achieved : an invasion being repulsed , for instance . Thus there are widely divergent structures and traditions defining monarchy . Monarchy was the most common form of government until the 19th century , but it is no longer prevalent . Where it exists , it is now usually a constitutional monarchy , in which the monarch retains a unique legal and ceremonial role , but exercises limited or no official political power : under the written or unwritten constitution , others have governing authority . Currently , 47 sovereign nations in the world have monarchs acting as heads of state , 19 of which are Commonwealth realms that recognise Queen Elizabeth II as their head of state . All European monarchies are constitutional ones , with the exception of the Vatican City which is an elective monarchy , but sovereigns in the smaller states exercise greater political influence than in the larger . The monarchs of Cambodia , Japan , and Malaysia `` reign , but do not rule '' although there is considerable variation in the degree of authority they wield . Although they reign under constitutions , the monarchs of Brunei , Morocco , Oman , Qatar , Saudi Arabia and Swaziland appear to continue to exercise more political influence than any other single source of authority in their nations , either by constitutional mandate or by tradition .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d395e1c4f849101e53f9e58600d37589", "text": "Habitat International Coalition Habitat International Coalition ( HIC ) is an independent , nonprofit alliance with hundreds of organizations and individuals , which has been working in housing and human settlements for more than 30 years . The Coalition comprises social movements , community-based organizations , support groups and academics . The strength of the Coalition is based on its worldwide membership ( it has members in 117 nations in five continents ) and on the fact that it brings together a range of civil society groups . Dedicated to advocacy and support for the poor , solidarity networking , popular mobilization , debate and analysis , HIC works to unite civil society in a shared commitment to ensuring sustainable habitat and a livable planet for all . Its work focuses on defending and implementing the human rights linked to housing and habitat ; i.e. , land , housing , clean water , sanitation , a healthy environment , access to public goods and services ( e.g. , health , education , transport and recreation ; access to livelihood and social protection , pluralism and the preservation of social , natural , historic and cultural patrimony . Since the ’80 HIC has been developing special capacities seeking gender equality , in a balanced articulation between reflection and action on different issues : the rights ' approach , the right to the city , the social production of habitat , women and habitat and the sustainable habitat . HIC specific work on the right to the city seeks to deepen the analysis and the actions on the proposal of building more just cities worldwide . HIC has been committed since decades in the creation of a theoretical and practical framework for the right to the city . The Coalition articulates and accompanies social movements and organizations in their struggle to achieve the realization of all human rights to ensure the collective well-being of inhabitants ; the democratic management and the social function of the city . HIC is also aware of the global challenges facing worldwide on climate change and food sovereignty and the obvious impacts on the cities : the Coalition works on broaden exchanges between urban and rural movements . HIC 'S work on social production of habitat seeks to derive practical lessons from the compilation , exchange and analysis of `` people 's processes '' in initiating , designing , building and maintaining local environments . These experiences , which build upon local social resources and demonstrate local social reliance and ingenuity , generate and promote methods and strategies that then can be shared and replicated across regions . Each region has given rise to diverse and specific examples of struggles and efforts that emphasize distinct circumstances and priorities to construct people-centred livelihoods . In order to strengthen people 's process for access and provision of land and shelter , lessons learned to date show a need to : understand what sustains the people 's process on land , housing and habitat/settlements development , in urban and rural areas , understand what are the forces , both external and internal , that strengthen or weaken peoples ' processes , including political and economic forces that have a bearing on people 's processes , and in particular the dynamics of the informal and formal land markets ; envision alternative ways to develop cities and other human settlements , evolving a bottom-up perspective on human settlement development without destroying livelihoods , assets and material achievements of the poor , while , quite to the contrary , supporting and nurturing livelihoods , assets and settlements of the poor , and their integration into the city ; articulate and support the people 's processes through policies and actions for both government and nongovernmental organizations ; develop more flexible design-based , knowledge-based and service-based housing policies and outputs with the objective of realizing the human right to adequate housing and equitable land use .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9ce58e1d2e2f19bca7b218cff3bce479", "text": "Carbon tax A carbon tax is a tax levied on the carbon content of fuels . It is a form of carbon pricing . Carbon is present in every hydrocarbon fuel ( coal , petroleum , and natural gas ) and converted to carbon dioxide and other products when combusted . In contrast , non-combustion energy sources -- wind , sunlight , geothermal , hydropower , and nuclear -- do not convert hydrocarbons to . is a heat-trapping `` greenhouse '' gas which represents a negative externality on the climate system ( see scientific opinion on global warming ) . Since GHG emissions caused by the combustion of fossil fuels are closely related to the carbon content of the respective fuels , a tax on these emissions can be levied by taxing the carbon content of fossil fuels at any point in the product cycle of the fuel . Carbon tax offers social and economic benefits . It is a tax that increases revenue without significantly altering the economy while simultaneously promoting objectives of climate change policy . The objective of a carbon tax is to reduce the harmful and unfavorable levels of carbon dioxide emissions , thereby decelerating climate change and its negative effects on the environment and human health . Carbon taxes offer a potentially cost-effective means of reducing greenhouse gas emissions . From an economic perspective , carbon taxes are a type of Pigovian tax . They help to address the problem of emitters of greenhouse gases not facing the full social cost of their actions . Carbon taxes can be a regressive tax , in that they may directly or indirectly affect low-income groups disproportionately . The regressive impact of carbon taxes could be addressed by using tax revenues to favour low-income groups . A number of countries have implemented carbon taxes or energy taxes that are related to carbon content . Most environmentally related taxes with implications for greenhouse gas emissions in OECD countries are levied on energy products and motor vehicles , rather than on emissions directly . Opposition to increased environmental regulation such as carbon taxes often centers on concerns that firms might relocate and/or people might lose their jobs . It has been argued , however , that carbon taxes are more efficient than direct regulation and may even lead to higher employment ( see footnotes ) . Many large users of carbon resources in electricity generation , such as the United States , Russia , and China , are resisting carbon taxation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "85d9863eaadb5433e26ea8b4952595ee", "text": "Charles III of England There has not been an English , Scottish nor British king with the title Charles III , but it is sometimes used to refer to : Charles Edward Stuart ( 1720 -- 1788 ) , Jacobite pretender to the throne Charles , Prince of Wales ( born 1948 ) , heir apparent to the throne of the United Kingdom", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8e0a79b54ee62c79b1b2ae7ac86ff471", "text": "Global warming controversy The global warming controversy concerns the public debate over whether global warming is occurring , how much has occurred in modern times , what has caused it , what its effects will be , whether any action should be taken to curb it , and if so what that action should be . In the scientific literature , there is a strong consensus that global surface temperatures have increased in recent decades and that the trend is caused by human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases . No scientific body of national or international standing disagrees with this view , though a few organizations with members in extractive industries hold non-committal positions . Disputes over the key scientific facts of global warming are more prevalent in the media than in the scientific literature , where such issues are treated as resolved , and such disputes are more prevalent in the United States than globally . Political and popular debate concerning the existence and cause of climate change includes the reasons for the increase seen in the instrumental temperature record , whether the warming trend exceeds normal climatic variations , and whether human activities have contributed significantly to it . Scientists have resolved these questions decisively in favour of the view that the current warming trend exists and is ongoing , that human activity is the cause , and that it is without precedent in at least 2000 years . Public disputes that also reflect scientific debate include estimates of how responsive the climate system might be to any given level of greenhouse gases ( climate sensitivity ) , how global climate change will play out at local and regional scales , and what the consequences of global warming will be . Global warming remains an issue of widespread political debate , often split along party political lines , especially in the United States . Many of the issues that are settled within the scientific community , such as human responsibility for global warming , remain the subject of politically or economically motivated attempts to downplay , dismiss or deny them -- an ideological phenomenon categorised by academics and scientists as climate change denial . The sources of funding for those involved with climate science -- both supporting and opposing mainstream scientific positions -- have been questioned by both sides . There are debates about the best policy responses to the science , their cost-effectiveness and their urgency . Climate scientists , especially in the United States , have reported official and oil-industry pressure to censor or suppress their work and hide scientific data , with directives not to discuss the subject in public communications . Legal cases regarding global warming , its effects , and measures to reduce it have reached American courts . The fossil fuels lobby has been identified as overtly or covertly supporting efforts to undermine or discredit the scientific consensus on global warming .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6b6df5f6496cab8bfbd1e1e1c05efcc9", "text": "British Overseas Territories The 14 British Overseas Territories ( BOT ) are territories under the jurisdiction and sovereignty of the United Kingdom . They are the parts of the British Empire that have not been granted independence or have voted to remain British territories . These territories do not form part of the United Kingdom and , with the exception of Gibraltar , are not part of the European Union . Most of the inhabited territories are internally self-governing , with the UK retaining responsibility for defence and foreign relations . The rest are either uninhabited or have a transitory population of military or scientific personnel . They share the British monarch ( Elizabeth II ) as head of state . The term `` British Overseas Territory '' was introduced by the British Overseas Territories Act 2002 , replacing the term British Dependent Territory , introduced by the British Nationality Act 1981 . Prior to 1 January 1983 , the territories were officially referred to as British Crown Colonies . With the exceptions of the British Antarctic Territory and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands ( which host only officials and research station staff ) and the British Indian Ocean Territory ( used as a military base ) , the Territories retain permanent civilian populations . Permanent residency for the 7,000 or so civilians living in the Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia is limited to citizens of the Republic of Cyprus . Collectively , the Territories encompass a population of about 250,000 people and a land area of about 667018 sqmi . The vast majority of this land area , 660000 sqmi , constitutes the almost uninhabited British Antarctic Territory , while the largest territory by population , Bermuda , accounts for almost a quarter of the total BOT population . At the other end of the scale , three territories have no civilian population ; the Antarctic territory , the British Indian Ocean Territory ( from which the Chagos Islanders were controversially removed ) and South Georgia . Pitcairn Islands , settled by the survivors of the Mutiny on the Bounty , is the smallest settled territory with 49 inhabitants , while the smallest by land area is Gibraltar on the southern tip of the Iberian peninsula . The United Kingdom participates in the Antarctic Treaty System and , as part of a mutual agreement , the British Antarctic Territory is recognised by four of the other sovereign nations making claims to Antarctic territory . Although the Crown dependencies of Jersey , Guernsey and the Isle of Man are also under the sovereignty of the British monarch , they are in a different constitutional relationship with the United Kingdom . The British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies are themselves distinct from the Commonwealth realms , a group of 15 independent countries ( and the United Kingdom ) which each also have Elizabeth II as their reigning monarch , and from the Commonwealth of Nations , a voluntary association of 52 countries mostly with historic links to the British Empire ( which also includes all Commonwealth realms ) . the Minister responsible for the Territories excluding the Falkland Islands , Gibraltar and the Sovereign Base Areas is Baroness Anelay , Minister of State for the Commonwealth and the UN . The other three territories are the responsibility of Sir Alan Duncan MP , Minister of State for Europe and the Americas .", "title": "" } ]
fever
698cde91d58943286a57af77dead26d2
Beyoncé Knowles was listed by muffin as sixth place for Person of the Year.
[ { "docid": "06f40758d315932b8fc496d2687a0201", "text": "Beyoncé Beyoncé Giselle Knowles-Carter ( -LSB- biːˈjɒnseɪ -RSB- born September 4 , 1981 ) is an American singer , songwriter and actress . Born and raised in Houston , Texas , she performed in various singing and dancing competitions as a child and rose to fame in the late 1990s as lead singer of R&B girl-group Destiny 's Child . Managed by her father , Mathew Knowles , the group became one of the world 's best-selling girl groups of all time . Their hiatus saw Beyoncé 's theatrical film debut in Austin Powers in Goldmember ( 2002 ) and the release of her debut album , Dangerously in Love ( 2003 ) , which established her as a solo artist worldwide , earned five Grammy Awards and featured the Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles `` Crazy in Love '' and `` Baby Boy '' . Following the disbandment of Destiny 's Child in 2006 , she released her second solo album , B'Day ( 2006 ) , which contained the top-ten hits `` Déjà Vu '' , `` Irreplaceable '' , and `` Beautiful Liar '' . Beyoncé also continued her acting career , with starring roles in The Pink Panther ( 2006 ) , Dreamgirls ( 2006 ) , and Obsessed ( 2009 ) . Her marriage to rapper Jay Z and portrayal of Etta James in Cadillac Records ( 2008 ) influenced her third album , I Am ... Sasha Fierce ( 2008 ) , which saw the introduction of her alter-ego Sasha Fierce and earned a record-setting six Grammy Awards in 2010 , including Song of the Year for `` Single Ladies ( Put a Ring on It ) '' . Beyoncé took a hiatus from music in 2010 and took over management of her career ; her fourth album 4 ( 2011 ) was subsequently mellower in tone , exploring 1970s funk , 1980s pop , and 1990s soul . Her critically acclaimed fifth album , Beyoncé ( 2013 ) , was distinguished from previous releases by its experimental production and exploration of darker themes . With the release of the widely acclaimed Lemonade ( 2016 ) , Beyoncé became the first artist to have their first six studio albums debut at number one on the Billboard 200 chart . Throughout her career , she has sold over 100 million records as a solo artist , and a further 60 million with Destiny 's Child , making her one of the best-selling music artists of all time . She has won 22 Grammy Awards and is the most nominated woman in the award 's history . She is the most awarded artist at the MTV Video Music Awards , with 24 wins . The Recording Industry Association of America recognized her as the Top Certified Artist in America during the 2000s ( decade ) . In 2009 , Billboard named her the Top Radio Songs Artist of the Decade , the Top Female Artist of the 2000s ( decade ) and awarded her their Millennium Award in 2011 . In 2014 , she became the highest-paid black musician in history and was listed among Time 's 100 most influential people in the world for a second year in a row . Forbes listed her as the most powerful female in entertainment of 2015 , and in 2016 she occupied the sixth place for Person of the Year .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "6d403ba95538df951631b910094752a5", "text": "Grammy Award for Best New Artist The Grammy Award for Best New Artist has been awarded since 1959 . Years reflect the year in which the Grammy Awards were handed out , for records released in the previous year . The award was not presented in 1967 . The official guidelines are as follows : `` For a new artist who releases , during the Eligibility Year , the first recording which establishes the public identity of that artist . '' Note that this is not necessarily the first album released by an artist . It is sometimes asserted , with varying degrees of sincerity , that winning the award is a curse , as several award winners ( particularly from the late 1970s and early 1980s ) were never able to duplicate the success they experienced in their debut year . This viewpoint was expressed by former Starland Vocal Band member Taffy Danoff in a 2002 interview for VH1 's 100 Greatest One Hit Wonders : `` We got two of the five Grammys -- one was Best New Artist . So that was basically the kiss of death and I feel sorry for everyone who 's gotten it since . '' The category is also notable for being the only one of its kind in which a Grammy Award was vacated . This occurred in 1990 after it was revealed winners Milli Vanilli did not contribute their own vocals on their debut album . The award was revoked , but was not handed out to another artist . Of the 54 awards presented in the category since its inception , the honor has been presented to 25 solo female artists , 18 duos or groups , and 11 solo male artists . Between 1997 and 2003 , all the winners were solo female artists . Also , from 1993 to 2005 , no winner was a solo male artist . In 2006 , John Legend broke this trend , which started with Marc Cohn in 1992 . Only four artists have won both Best New Artist and Album of the Year in the same year : Bob Newhart in 1961 , Christopher Cross in 1981 , Lauryn Hill in 1999 and Norah Jones in 2003 . Of all the winners , only three have been country artists . In 1997 , LeAnn Rimes became the first country artist to win the award . She was followed by Carrie Underwood in 2007 and Zac Brown Band in 2010 . Additionally , 2017 marked the first time that two country artists were nominated in this category in the same year . 1984 marked the first time that all of the nominees were from outside of the United States ( Winner Culture Club , Eurythmics , and Musical Youth were from England , Big Country was from Scotland , and Men Without Hats were from Canada ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "534c63926df0cbb7b33e986808c6aa7b", "text": "2003 Radio Disney Music Awards The 2003 Radio Disney Music Awards was held at the Radio Disney studios . Hilary Duff was the biggest winner that year . Like the shows before , it was not a ceremony , but a special feature on Radio Disney", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a14f99c0471bbc96e617684c28157b0", "text": "Mel B Melanie Janine Brown ( born 29 May 1975 ) , better known as Mel B or Melanie B , is an English singer , songwriter , presenter , television personality , dancer , actress , author , and model . Brown rose to fame as a member of the girl group the Spice Girls , in which she became known as Scary Spice . Brown is also known for supporting girl power and earlier global tours , which grossed an estimated $ 500 -- 800 million between 1996 and 2000 . Brown began her solo career when she released `` I Want You Back '' with Missy Elliott on Virgin Records . The single charted at number one on the UK Singles Chart , followed by the release of her debut album , Hot ( 2000 ) . The album also saw the release of two top 10 singles `` Tell Me '' and `` Feels So Good '' . L.A. State of Mind was Brown 's second studio album , released in 2005 on the independent label Amber Café , which saw the release of one single , `` Today '' in June that year . In mid-2012 , Brown announced a return to her solo recording career with the release of her third studio album by signing with EMI Music Australia . The scope of the deal with EMI office includes concessions for global partnering with EMI . The first single from the album , `` For Once in My Life '' was released in September 2013 , becoming Brown 's first record to be released after eight years . Since 2000 , Brown has concentrated on a variety of non-singing projects . She became the presenter of shows such as This Is My Moment , Top of the Pops , Party in the Park and The All Star Animal Awards . In September 2007 , she became a contestant on the fifth season of the American dance competition , Dancing with the Stars ; in which she placed runner-up overall partnered with Maksim Chmerkovskiy . Brown returned to television work becoming a judge for the Australian version of The X Factor from 2011 to 2012 , replacing Kyle Sandilands and having previously been a celebrity mentor on the show in 2010 . In June 2012 , she was a guest judge during the Manchester auditions for the ninth series of The X Factor UK , as one of the temporary replacements for Kelly Rowland ; before the role eventually went to Nicole Scherzinger . She later joined The X Factor UK for its eleventh series in 2014 . During this time she became the female co-host for Dancing with the Stars Australia , in which she hosted the twelfth season alongside Daniel MacPherson . However , Brown resigned from the show and did not return for the thirteenth season in 2013 . In February that year , she officially signed on to become one of the four judges for the variety talent show America 's Got Talent , replacing Sharon Osbourne from the eighth season onwards . On 1 February 2014 , she was revealed to be a coach on The Voice Kids in Australia , which aired in mid-2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0d097f1839f861c7029e3a70968aa669", "text": "Lists of celebrities A celebrity is a person who is widely recognized in a given society and commands a degree of public and media attention . The word is derived from the Latin celebritas , from the adjective celeber ( `` famous , '' `` celebrated '' ) . Being a celebrity is often one of the highest degrees of notability , although the word notable is mistakened to be synonymous with the title celebrity , fame , prominence etc. . As in Wikipedia , articles written about notable people does n't necessarily synonymize them as a celebrity . The following are lists of celebrities : List of actors List of African-American female models List of African-American television personalities List of American female models List of American television personalities List of Australian television personalities List of British television personalities List of celebrities on The Simpsons List of celebrity guest stars on Sesame Street List of comedians List of dance personalities List of dancers List of fashion designers List of female models List of film and television directors List of Forbes Celebrity 100 List of models List of musicians List of singers List of singer-songwriters List of sportspeople List of stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame List of stars on the London Avenue of Stars List of tattoo artists List of television presenters List of male boxers List of female boxers List of writers List of social thinkers List of wrestlers List of YouTubers", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c27f8800770564f17149d9f6189249ab", "text": "BET Awards 2014 The 2014 BET Awards were held at the Nokia Theatre L.A. Live in Los Angeles , California on June 29 , 2014 . Chris Rock was unveiled as the host for the upcoming BET Awards on May 14 during the network 's 106 & Park music video countdown show . Beyoncé lead the nominations with 6 , followed by Jay-Z with 5 . Drake , Pharrell Williams and August Alsina were tied for 4 . Beyoncé was the big winner of the night winning 3 BET Awards , while Nicki Minaj , Drake , August Alsina and Pharrell Williams with 2 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1419aada4a0e069e5ee1c0ae2c23de9c", "text": "I Care (Beyoncé song) `` I Care '' is a song recorded by the American singer Beyoncé for her fourth studio album , 4 ( 2011 ) . It was written by Jeff Bhasker , Chad Hugo and Beyoncé and produced by Bhasker and co-produced by Beyoncé . The song was recorded at the MSR Studios and was mixed by Jordan Young aka DJ Swivel at KMA Studio in New York City . `` I Care '' is an R&B power ballad , which also contains elements of soul music and rock music . Built on a hand-clapped rhythm and pulsating beats , the song 's instrumentation consists of screeching guitars , low-profile synthesizers , pounding drums , heavy percussion instrument and a piano . In `` I Care '' , Beyoncé admits her vulnerability to her indifferent love interest with both honesty and power . She sings with heartfelt emotion over cooing background vocals and scats alongside a multi-octave guitar solo towards the end of the song . `` I Care '' was sent to contemporary hit radio in Italy on March 23 , 2012 as the seventh overall single from 4 . `` I Care '' was acclaimed by contemporary music critics who highlighted the heartfelt emotion , sadness and resentment with which Beyoncé sings . Critics also complimented the way she made effective use out the power in her lower register in the first and second verses until her voice slowly builds until the commanding chorus is reached . They generally praised the guitar solo and the vocal power of Beyoncé which was displayed by `` I Care '' among other songs on 4 . Following the release of 4 in early July 2011 , `` I Care '' charted number 35 on the South Korea Gaon International Singles Chart , based on downloads alone . The song was part of Beyoncé 's set list for her revues 4 Intimate Nights with Beyoncé ( 2011 ) and Revel Presents : Beyoncé Live ( 2012 ) as well as The Mrs. Carter Show World Tour ( 2013 ) . It was also used as an interlude in her The Formation World Tour ( 2016 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a20ad3a4efe40ae59288bcf43a04662", "text": "The DVF Awards The DVF Awards , supported by The Diller-von Furstenberg Family Foundation , are given annually to provide recipients with the exposure and resources necessary to extend their efforts on behalf of women all over the world . The DVF Awards were conceived by Diane von Furstenberg in 2010 with the goal of honoring women who have displayed leadership , strength , and courage in their commitment to their causes . Every year , each Honoree receives a $ 50,000 grant from the Foundation to further their work . The inaugural DVF Awards were presented on March 13 , 2010 at a ceremony hosted by Diane von Fürstenberg and Tina Brown at the United Nations on the closing night of The Women in the World Summit . Each year , two DVF Awards are given to women within The Vital Voices Global Partnership . In addition , the Inspiration Award is given to a woman who has demonstrated strength and courage in the face of adversity , and is using her experience and influence to effect positive change . The People 's Voice Award is also given annually to a woman chosen from a field of nominees selected by The DVF Awards Board of Advisors and voted on by the public at DVFAwards.com . The Lifetime Leadership Award honors an individual who has dedicated her life and body of work to instilling in other women the courage to fight , the power to survive and the leadership to inspire . Past recipients include Gloria Steinem , Ingrid Betancourt , Hillary Clinton , Oprah Winfrey and Robin Roberts . Presenters at The DVF Awards have included Meryl Streep , Iman , Olivia Wilde , Jessica Alba , Deborah Winger , Gabby Douglas , and Chelsea Clinton . 2017 Honorees The International Award : Yoani Sánchez , 14ymedio The International Award : Baljeet Sandhu , Migrant & Refugee Children 's Legal Unit ( MiCLU ) The People 's Voice Award : Louise Dubé , iCivics The Inspiration Award : Karlie Kloss , Kode With Klossy The Lifetime Leadership Award : Dr. Jane Goodall , The Jane Goodall Institute ( JGI ) 2016 Honorees The International Award : Maria Pacheco , Wakami The International Award : Agnes Igoye , Huts for Peace The People 's Voice Award : Emily Greener , I AM THAT GIRL The Inspiration Award : Sarah Jones , Girls Educational and Mentoring Services ' , The Legal Aid Society and Sanctuary for Families The Lifetime Leadership Award : Dr. Martine Rothblatt , Los Angeles LGBT Center and The Astraea Lesbian Foundation for Justice 2015 Honorees The International Award : Adimaimalaga Tafuna'I , Women In Business The International Award : Samar Minallah Khan , Ethnomedia The People 's Voice Award : Becky Straw and Jody Landers , The Adventure Project The Inspiration Award : Gabrielle Giffords , Americans for Responsible Solutions The Lifetime Leadership Award : Melanne Verveer , The Georgetown Institute for Women , Peace and Security at Georgetown University 2014 Honorees The DVF Award : Kah Walla , STRATEGIES ! The DVF Award : Liron Peleg-Hadomi & Noha Khatieb The People 's Voice Award : Veronika Scott , The Empowerment Plan The Inspiration Award : Alicia Keys , Keep a Child Alive The Lifetime Leadership Award : Gloria Steinem , Equality Now and Donor Direct Action 2013 Honorees The DVF Award : Sunitha Krishnan , Prajwala The DVF Award : Andeisha Farid , Afghan Child Education and Caring Organization ( AFCECO ) . The People 's Voice Award : Tammy Tibbetts , She 's the First The Inspiration Award : Natalia Vodianova , Naked Heart Foundation The Lifetime Leadership Award : Robin Roberts , Be the Match 2012 Honorees The DVF Award : Panmela Castro , Rede Nami The DVF Award : Chouchou Namegabe , South Kivu 's Association of Women Journalists The People 's Voice Award : Layli Miller-Muro , Tahirih Justice Center The Inspiration Award : Jaycee Dugard , The JAYC Foundation The Lifetime Leadership Award : Oprah Winfrey , The Oprah Winfrey Leadership Academy Foundation 2011 Honorees The DVF Award : Sohini Chakraborty , Kolkata Sanved The DVF Award : Kakenya Ntaiya , Kakenya Center for Excellence The People 's Voice Award : Taryn Davis , The American Widow Project The Inspiration Award : Elizabeth Smart , Elizabeth Smart Foundation The Lifetime Leadership Award : Secretary of State Hillary Clinton 2010 Honorees The DVF Award : Danielle Saint-Lot , Femmes en Démocratie The DVF Award : Sadiqa Basiri Saleem , The Oruj Learning Center The People 's Voice Award : Katherine Chon , The Polaris Project The Lifetime Leadership Award : Ingrid Betancourt , The Ingrid Betancourt Foundation", "title": "" }, { "docid": "31e0c2902da52dd1f923e4530182e88b", "text": "Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Christian Music Performance/Song The Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Christian Music Performance/Song was a new category at the 2015 ceremony of the annual Grammy Awards . It combines two previously separate categories in the Gospel/Contemporary Christian Music field , Best Contemporary Christian Music Song and Best Gospel/Contemporary Christian Music Performance . The new category recognizes both songwriters and performers ( solo/duos/groups / collaborations/etc . ) and is open for singles or tracks only . Songwriters are only awarded a Grammy Award if it is a newly written song . Grammy 's for cover versions of previously recorded songs are awarded to the performer ( s ) only . Along with the also newly formed Best Gospel Performance/Song category , these mark the only Grammy categories which honor both performers and songwriters in one category . These changes were made in June 2014 by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences `` in the interest of clarifying the criteria , representing the current culture and creative DNA of the gospel and Contemporary Christian Music communities , and better reflecting the diversity and authenticity of today 's gospel music industry . '' According to the Grammy committee , the move recognizes `` the critical contribution of both songwriters and performers by combining songwriters and artists into the Best Gospel Performance/Song and Best Contemporary Christian Music Performance/Song categories . '' Gospel performances , which were previously recognized in the Best Gospel/Contemporary Christian Music Performance category , will now fall under the newly created Best Gospel Performance/Song category .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "94a4725e969f8b03d6efee965d7858df", "text": "2006 MTV Video Music Awards The 2006 MTV Video Music Awards aired live on August 31 , 2006 , honoring the best music videos from June 11 , 2005 , to June 26 , 2006 . The show was hosted by Jack Black at Radio City Music Hall in New York City . The 2006 Video Music Awards marked the first time viewers were able to vote for all performers ' categories ( Best Video ; Best Male , Female , and Group Videos ; and genre categories ) . Like previous years , the artistic categories ( Best Direction , Best Cinematography , etc. ) are still chosen by music industry professionals . The 2006 Awards also discontinued the major category Breakthrough Video . The show was criticized by fans and viewers as being uninteresting or lacking substance . The award ceremony 's ratings were down 28 % from the 8 million viewers it averaged in 2005 and down 45 % from the 10.3 million viewers it averaged in 2004 . Shakira and Red Hot Chili Peppers received the most nominations , with seven each . Avenged Sevenfold won Best New Artist and `` I Write Sins Not Tragedies '' , by Panic ! at the Disco , became the first video to win Video of the Year without winning a single other award since `` This Note 's for You '' by Neil Young in 1989 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c2881e569d5d63d1f7868775f0ddbd90", "text": "American Music Award for Favorite Country Female Artist The American Music Award for Favorite Country Female Artist ( now titled Favorite Female Artist - Country ) has been awarded since 1974 . Years reflect the year in which the American Music Awards were presented , for works released in the previous year ( until 2003 onward when awards were handed out on November of the same year ) . The all-time winner in this category is Reba McEntire with ten ( ' 88 ' , ' 89 , ' 90 , ' 91 , ' 92 , ' 93 , ' 94 , ' 95 , ' 98 , ' 04 ) wins stretching across three decades . McEntire was also the first woman to win the award 8 years in a row . Second place belongs to Barbara Mandrell ( ' 81 , ' 82 , ' 83 , ' 84 , ' 85 , ' 87 ) and Taylor Swift ( ' 08 , ' 09 , ' 10 , ' 11 , ' 12 , ' 13 ) , who both won the award six times . Tied in third place are Faith Hill ( ' 01 , ' 02 , ' 03 , and ' 06 ) , Shania Twain ( ' 96 , ' 97 , ' 99 , and ' 00 ) , and Carrie Underwood ( ' 07 , ' 14 , ' 15 , and ' 16 ) , who have each won 4 times , respectively . Crystal Gayle ( ' 79 , ' 80 , and ' 86 ) has won three times .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c465f9df3c4f6d402563f7631f1de37", "text": "I Am... World Tour I Am ... World Tour ( sometimes referred to as the I Am ... Tour ) was the fourth concert tour by American recording artist Beyoncé . It was launched in support of her third studio album , I Am ... Sasha Fierce ( 2008 ) . The tour was announced in October 2008 and the first dates were revealed in December 2008 . It kicked off in late-March 2009 with five rehearsal shows in North America , officially commencing in late April 2009 . The tour visited the Americas , Europe , Asia , Africa , and Australia with 108 shows in total . Preparations for the shows began eight months prior to the beginning of the tour with twelve-hour rehearsals for two months . Knowles described the shows as her best and most theatrical from all of her tours . Pre-concert food drives were held during several stops of the I Am ... World Tour as part of a campaign by General Mills ' Hamburger Helper entitled , `` Show Your Helping Hand '' where fans were asked to bring food during the concerts . The set list for the concerts included songs from Knowles ' three studio albums as well as several covers of other artists and a Destiny 's Child medley . The central theme of the tour was to showcase the difference between Knowles ' dual personality ; her emotional side and her onstage persona , Sasha Fierce which was also demonstrated in the dual album I Am ... Sasha Fierce . The show featured two stages -- the main one and a smaller B-stage where Knowles was transferred during the middle of the show . She was backed by an all-female band , female background dancers and a big LED screen . Thierry Mugler collaborated with Knowles on the costumes and had a creative advisor role further working on the choreography , lighting and production . Chris March made the costumes usable for stage and helped in their making . For the ballads , Knowles wore longer dresses while for the performances of the up-tempo songs , more make-up and more revealing outfits were worn . The fashion and Knowles ' look and figure received praise from critics . I Am ... World Tour received critical acclaim from music critics who praised Knowles ' performance abilities calling her the best female performer and chose the performances of `` Ave Maria '' , `` Listen '' and `` At Last '' as highlights during the shows . A concert in Malaysia was cancelled by Knowles after several Muslim groups tried to ban it although she agreed to tone down her look according to the country 's standards . The tour was commercially successful grossing $ 86.0 million from 93 shows in total . Separate performances of several songs were broadcast on different channels and two concerts were released as live albums ; the live performance at the I Am ... Yours revue was released in a CD/DVD format in 2009 and footage of the tour was released on an eponymous titled live album in 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7f51cbece09d4bf4ae1e2f60009d6378", "text": "Beautiful Liar `` Beautiful Liar '' is a song recorded by American singer Beyoncé and Colombian singer Shakira . It was written by Beyoncé , Amanda Ghost , Ian Dench , and Stargate members Mikkel S. Eriksen and Tor Erik Hermansen , and produced by Stargate and Beyoncé for the re-release of Beyoncé 's second solo album , B'Day ( 2006 ) . The mixing of the song was done by Gustavo Celis . `` Beautiful Liar '' was released on March 14 , 2007 , by Columbia Records as the first single from the deluxe edition of the album . A Spanish and English mixed version of the song was produced and titled `` Bello Embustero '' . `` Beautiful Liar '' is a mid-tempo song ; musically , it is a melding of Shakira 's Latin and Middle Eastern styles with Beyoncé 's contemporary hip hop and R&B styles . Its theme is female empowerment ; two female protagonists sing about being charmed by the same man , but instead of fighting over him , both ladies agree that he is not worth their time . The song was well received by music critics , who praised generally Beyoncé 's and Shakira 's collaboration . `` Beautiful Liar '' was nominated for Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals at the 50th Grammy Awards and the Spanish version was nominated for Record of the Year at the Latin Grammy Awards of 2007 . It won an Ivor Novello Awards for Best-Selling British Song in 2008 . `` Beautiful Liar '' was commercially successful . It peaked at number three on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart and experienced the largest upward movement on that chart until 2008 . The song peaked at number one in many European countries , including France , Germany , Hungary , Ireland , Italy , the Netherlands , New Zealand , Switzerland , and the United Kingdom . Its accompanying music video was directed by Jake Nava , incorporates belly dancing moves . `` Beautiful Liar '' won the Most Earthshattering Collaboration award at the 2007 MTV Video Music Award . The song was included on Beyoncé 's set list during her 2007 The Beyoncé Experience world tour .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7c5128a879334c420e4972ef8b4862b7", "text": "MTV Video Music Award for Best Video with a Social Message The MTV Video Music Award for Best Video with a Social Message is an award handed out at the yearly MTV Video Music Awards , first introduced at the 2011 ceremony . The first winner of the category was Lady Gaga . As of 2015 , Kelly Clarkson , Rise Against , and Beyoncé have received the most nominations in this category , being nominated twice .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "71ee104bae7698b633d93180f0c1961d", "text": "List of The X Factor finalists (UK series 6) The sixth UK series of The X Factor was broadcast on ITV . It began airing on 22 August 2009 and finished with a grand finale on 13 December 2009 . Each category was mentored by one of the show 's four judges : Simon Cowell , Dannii Minogue , Louis Walsh and Cheryl Cole . Cowell mentored the Over 25s , Minogue was looking after the Girls , Walsh had the Groups and Cole mentored the Boys . In the final , Joe McElderry was declared the winner , Olly Murs was the runner-up and Stacey Solomon finished in third place .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a028d29c676aa945e0e3ecd4aa13bbbd", "text": "Queen Latifah Dana Elaine Owens ( born March 18 , 1970 ) , known professionally by her stage name Queen Latifah , is an American rapper , songwriter , singer , actress , model , television producer , record producer , and talk show host . Born in Newark , New Jersey , she signed with Tommy Boy Records in 1989 and released her debut album All Hail the Queen the same year , featuring the hit single `` Ladies First '' . Her second album , Nature of a Sista ( 1991 ) , was her final album with Tommy Boy Records . Latifah starred as Khadijah James on the FOX sitcom Living Single , from 1993 to 1998 . Her third album Black Reign ( 1993 ) , spawned the single `` U.N.I.T.Y. '' , which won a Grammy Award and was successful on the Billboard Hot 100 . She then starred in the lead role of Set It Off ( 1996 ) and released her fourth album , Order in the Court , in 1998 , with Motown Records . Latifah gained mainstream success and acclaim with her performance in the film Chicago ( 2002 ) , receiving an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress . Latifah released her fifth album The Dana Owens Album in 2004 , and has since appeared in a number of films , such as Bringing Down the House ( 2003 ) , Taxi ( 2004 ) , Barbershop 2 : Back in Business ( 2005 ) , Beauty Shop ( 2005 ) , Last Holiday ( 2006 ) , Hairspray ( 2007 ) and Joyful Noise ( 2012 ) . In 2007 and 2009 , she released two more studio albums -- Trav ` lin ' Light and Persona . She created the daytime talk show The Queen Latifah Show , which ran from late 2013 to early 2015 on CBS . Latifah received critical acclaim for her portrayal of blues singer Bessie Smith in the HBO film Bessie ( 2015 ) , which she co-produced , winning the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Television Movie . She has long been considered one of hip-hop 's pioneer feminists . Queen Latifah received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 2006 . Latifah 's work in music , film and television has earned her a Grammy Award , an Emmy Award , a Golden Globe award , three Screen Actors Guild Awards , two NAACP Image Awards , an Academy Award nomination and sales of over two million records .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cbdf30c393f6f04ceac59cc049ece628", "text": "Best International Athlete ESPY Award The Best International Athlete ESPY Award is an award given to the sportsperson , irrespective of gender or sport contested , adjudged to have been the best or most outstanding of those born outside , or not possessing citizenship , of the United States who contest a major international individual sport primarily in the United States or a North American professional team sport in a given calendar year . The award was discontinued after 2009 , but was reinstated in 2012 . Balloting for the award was conducted over the Internet by fans from amongst choices selected by the ESPN Select Nominating Committee . The ESPY Awards ceremony has been conducted in June or July since the 2002 ceremony ; all awards conferred in that period reflect performance and achievement over the twelve months previous to presentation , which may span one or two seasons depending upon the recipient 's particular sport .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a8e66c6abf1f41c308ae452cb59a3100", "text": "MTV Europe Music Award for Best Song The MTV Europe Music Award for Best Song is the main award of the EMA 's . It was first awarded in 1994 , when `` 7 Seconds '' won it , and has been given out since . Lady Gaga , Pink and Beyoncé have been the big winners with two awards . In 2007 and 2008 the category was named Most Addictive Track , but in 2009 called again Best Song .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c45f4f5334cadaf1d57b672a7bed1c9a", "text": "Grammy Award for Video of the Year The Grammy Award for Video of the Year was an honor presented to recording artists at the 24th Grammy Awards in 1982 and the 25th Grammy Awards in 1983 for music videos . The Grammy Awards , an annual ceremony that was established in 1958 and originally called the Gramophone Awards , are presented by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences of the United States to `` honor artistic achievement , technical proficiency and overall excellence in the recording industry , without regard to album sales or chart position '' . First presented in 1982 to Michael Nesmith for Elephant Parts , the award was reserved for quality `` video cassettes or discs in any format created specifically for the home video market '' . In 1983 , Olivia Newton-John was presented the award for Olivia Physical . Beginning with the 1984 Grammy Awards , the Video of the Year award category was replaced with the categories Best Video , Short Form and Best Video Album ( now known as Best Music Video and Best Music Film , respectively ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d7e218fa44d73d4e3fcd15472abff9f", "text": "Entertainer of the Year Entertainer of the Year is the twenty-first studio album by American country music singer-songwriter , Loretta Lynn . It was released on February 26 , 1973 , by MCA Records . Entertainer of the Year was titled after Lynn received the `` Entertainer of the Year '' award from the Country Music Association the previous year , becoming the first woman to win that award . The one and only single from the album was released in late 1972 , `` Rated X '' . The song was a self-penned song by Lynn and peaked at # 1 on the Billboard country chart in 1973 , her first # 1 hit since 1971 , and became also one of her more controversial songs , describing the double-standard frequently endured by divorced women at the time . The album was Lynn 's first studio album of 1973 , and Lynn would end up releasing an additional two for the year . The album was very successful on the Billboard album charts , peaking at # 1 on the Top Country Albums chart , and did not chart on the Billboard 200 . The album became Lynn 's fourth album to top the Top Country Albums chart . The album was Lynn 's first released on the MCA Records label , after the Decca label was retired by the company .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "278088df63d33203bb8c0bf0b233a87a", "text": "Party (Beyoncé song) `` Party '' is a song recorded by American singer Beyoncé for her fourth studio album , 4 ( 2011 ) . It features guest vocals from American rapper André 3000 and uncredited vocals from Kanye West , and was released by Columbia Records as the fourth single from 4 on August 30 , 2011 . The song was written by Kanye West , Jeff Bhasker and Beyoncé , with the production being handled by Beyoncé and West and was co-produced by Bhasker . A midtempo R&B song , `` Party '' exhibits elements of the 1980s funk and soul music , and samples the 1985 song `` La Di Da Di '' , written by Dexter Mills , Douglas Davis and Ricky Walters . It recalls the work of New Edition and Prince , among others . Built on a 808-retro beat , multi-tracked harmonies , and a smooth groove , the song 's instrumentation includes slow-bouncing synthesizers , keyboard tones , and drums . Lyrically , `` Party '' gives ode to political themes such as feminism and sexual empowerment . In his rap verses , André 3000 references milk and gets philosophical about his own career . `` Party '' was nominated for Best Rap/Sung Collaboration at the 54th Grammy Awards . The song reached number 50 on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart . It debuted on the US Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Songs chart in July 2011 , and peaked at number 2 on the chart for three consecutive weeks . Following the release of 4 , `` Party '' charted at number 19 on the South Korea Gaon International Singles Chart . `` Party '' was part of Beyoncé 's set list for her 4 Intimate Nights with Beyoncé and the Revel Presents : Beyoncé Live residency shows .", "title": "" } ]
fever
0518879fc3af0c3b8c78c979736852ff
The Netherlands has the International Criminal Court.
[ { "docid": "85c823a7262f58ed2cca33fc9157ee20", "text": "Netherlands The Netherlands , ( -LSB- ˈnɛðərləndz -RSB- Nederland -LSB- ˈneːdərˌlɑnt -RSB- ; Nederlân ) also known informally as Holland , is the main constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands . It is a densely populated country located in Western Europe with three island territories in the Caribbean.designated Bonaire , Sint Eustatius and Saba within ISO ISO 3166-1 . The European part of the Netherlands borders Germany to the east , Belgium to the south , and the North Sea to the northwest , sharing maritime borders with Belgium , the United Kingdom , and Germany . The four largest cities in the Netherlands are Amsterdam , Rotterdam , The Hague and Utrecht ( collectively known as G4 ) . Amsterdam is the country 's capital , while The Hague holds the Dutch seat of parliament and government . The port of Rotterdam is the world 's largest port outside East-Asia , and the largest port in Europe . The name Holland is used informally to refer to the whole of the country of the Netherlands.Formally ` Holland ' refers only to two of the country 's twelve provinces : North Holland and South Holland . `` Netherlands '' literally means `` lower countries '' , influenced by its low land and flat geography , with only about 50 % of its land exceeding one metre above sea level . Most of the areas below sea level are artificial . Since the late 16th century , large areas ( polders ) have been reclaimed from the sea and lakes , amounting to nearly 17 % of the country 's current land mass . With a population density of 412 people per km2 -- 507 ( January 2017 ) if water is excluded -- the Netherlands is classified as a very densely populated country . Only Bangladesh , South Korea , and Taiwan have both a larger population and higher population density . Nevertheless , the Netherlands is the world 's second-largest exporter of food and agricultural products , after the United States . This is partly due to the fertility of the soil and the mild climate . The Netherlands was the third country in the world to have an elected parliament , and since 1848 it has been governed as a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy , organised as a unitary state . The Netherlands has a long history of social tolerance and is generally regarded as a liberal country , having legalised abortion , prostitution and euthanasia , while maintaining a progressive drugs policy . In 2001 , it became the world 's first country to legalise same-sex marriage . The Netherlands is a founding member of the EU , Eurozone , G-10 , NATO , OECD and WTO ; as well as being a part of the Schengen Area and the trilateral Benelux Union . The country is host to the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons and five international courts : the Permanent Court of Arbitration , the International Court of Justice , the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia , the International Criminal Court and the Special Tribunal for Lebanon . The first four are situated in The Hague , as is the EU 's criminal intelligence agency Europol and judicial co-operation agency Eurojust . This has led to the city being dubbed `` the world 's legal capital . '' The country also ranks second highest in the world 's 2016 Press Freedom Index , as published by Reporters Without Borders . The Netherlands has a market-based mixed economy , ranking 17th of 177 countries according to the Index of Economic Freedom . It had the thirteenth-highest per capita income in the world in 2013 according to the International Monetary Fund . In 2013 , the United Nations World Happiness Report ranked the Netherlands as the seventh-happiest country in the world , reflecting its high quality of life . The Netherlands also ranks joint third highest in the Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index , along with Australia .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "153c28889bed5a2bd3d8df8e3f55369f", "text": "Drug prohibition law Drug prohibition law is prohibition-based law by which governments prohibit , except under licence , the production , supply , and possession of many , but not all , substances which are recognized as drugs , and which corresponds to international treaty commitments in the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs 1961 , the Convention on Psychotropic Substances 1971 , and the United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances 1988 . When produced , supplied or possessed under licence , otherwise prohibited drugs are known as controlled drugs . The aforementioned legislation is the cultural institution and social fact that de facto divides world drug trade as illegal vs legal , according to geopolitical issues . The United Nations has its own drug control programme , as part of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime ( UNODC ) , which was formerly called the United Nations Office for Drug Control and Crime Prevention ( ODCCP ) , and the Commission on Narcotic Drugs is the central drug policy-making body within the United Nations system . The International Narcotics Control Board ( INCB ) is an independent and quasi-judicial control organ for the implementation of the United Nations drug control conventions . It is important to note that there are several different sets of `` schedules '' , or lists , of controlled drugs . One is the INCB schedules ( four schedules numbered I-IV ) , while another is the United States ' Controlled Substances Act schedules of controlled substances ( five schedules , numbered I-V ) . Other countries also have different classifications and numbers of lists , such as those of the United Kingdom and Canada .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f0308e221b06dd14c9f01fe826a83721", "text": "United Nations Security Council Resolution 808 United Nations Security Council resolution 808 , adopted unanimously on 22 February 1993 , after reaffirming Resolution 713 ( 1991 ) and subsequent resolutions on the situation in former Yugoslavia , including resolutions 764 ( 1992 ) , 771 ( 1992 ) and 780 ( 1992 ) , the Council , after stating its determination to put an end to crimes such as ethnic cleansing and other violations of international humanitarian law , decided that an international tribunal should be established for the prosecution of persons responsible for serious violations of international humanitarian law committed in former Yugoslavia since 1991 . This later became known as the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia . The resolution then requested the Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali to submit , in no later than 60 days after the adoption of the current resolution , a report on specific proposals and options relating to the implementation of the decision to establish at tribunal , including whether it has a basis in law . At the same time , suggestions from Member States would be considered , and after the adoption of Resolution 808 , proposals were submitted by France , Italy and Sweden , amongst others . The tribunal would be fully established in Resolution 827 ( 1993 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dcff90137f6e6e15a1c3cfb2be218a02", "text": "International Court of Justice The International Court of Justice ( Cour internationale de justice commonly referred to as the World Court , ICJ or The Hague ) is the primary judicial branch of the United Nations ( UN ) . Seated in the Peace Palace in The Hague , Netherlands , the court settles legal disputes submitted to it by states and provides advisory opinions on legal questions submitted to it by duly authorized international branches , agencies , and the UN General Assembly .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3c443a5809553a118ee271d1c2c47598", "text": "International Law Association The International Law Association ( ILA ) is a non-profit organization based in Great Britain that -- according to its 2004 constitution -- promotes `` the study , clarification and development of international law '' and `` the furtherance of international understanding and respect for international law '' . The ILA was founded in Brussels in 1873 and its present-day headquarters are in London . It holds biennial ( once in 2 years ) conferences and releases reports of the same for use of the international community . Members as well as outsiders are allowed to participate in the conference , at a cost . The ILA maintains several committees and study groups that analyze specific facets of international law . The findings of these groups are distributed to its members several times a year . There have been 75 conferences of ILA so far .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "22f5da8ba137ef51c92c5bc2bb65e308", "text": "International Association of Prosecutors The International Association of Prosecutors ( IAP ) is the only global non-governmental organisation of prosecutors , established by the United Nations in 1995 , Vienna . Organisation includes about 200,000 members from over 120 states . It was established due to rapid growth in transnational crime like drug trafficking , money laundering and fraud . From its website , `` The IAP is the only worldwide organization of prosecutors . It was established in 1995 and now has more than 145 organizational members from over 96 different jurisdictions , representing every continent , as well as many individual members . The website sets out the objects of the IAP . All organizational members of the IAP are expected to commit to the Standards of Professional Responsibility and Statement of the Essential Duties and Rights of Prosecutors adopted by the IAP in 1999 . In April 2013 a complaint was lodged against an Executive Committee member , Dr. Ali bin Fadhel Al - Buainain who as head of the Office of Public Prosecution in Bahrain has acted contrary to these standards by prosecuting Bahraini nationals for activities protected by the rights to freedom expression and assembly and for failing to adhere to fair procedures and due process standards , as asserted by Ceartas Irish lawyers for Human Rights . On April 22nd 2013 , IAP President James Hamilton acknowledged receipt of the complaint and stated that it is `` something we 're going to look very carefully at '' , and the outcome `` will certainly set a precedent for how we deal with a complaint '' . Nevertheless , Dr. Ali bin Fadhel Al - Buainain has sought to be re-elected to the IAP Executive Committee at the 18th Annual General Meeting of the IAP on September 11 , 2013 , and it has been reported by the Bahrain State News Agency that he has already been re-elected to it for another three years . Membership brings many advantages and opportunities , including the chance to attend the annual conference . As well as providing lively and interesting discussion on questions which are of practical concern to prosecutors , the annual conferences provide excellent opportunities for networking and getting to know colleagues from other countries . Annual conferences takes place in different venues each year . Regional conferences in Africa , Latin America , Western Europe , Eastern Europe/Central Asia , North America and the Caribbean and the Asia-Pacific region are now regular events in the IAP , and are mainly aimed at front line prosecutors . Information concerning these and other events can be found on the website . The Association also produces regular newsletters which are distributed to members . In addition a considerable amount of information on the website is available only to members including a members forum where members can exchange information and experiences . A Global Prosecutors E-Crime Network is accessible through the website and contains much information of interest to prosecutors concerning cyber crime . Similarly the ` Forum for International Criminal Justice ' is also accessible via the website for those seeking information and contacts in that area . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eb15b754b6d6a135cdd0f28dc12c20df", "text": "List of special tribunals and courts This is a list of special or exceptional tribunals and courts for the trying of people . Sometimes , courts that do n't try people but curtail political freedoms are also derogatively called `` special tribunals , '' as well as court that establish a privileged jurisdiction for powerful individuals or the government . List coverage is through history and worldwide . Revolutionary Tribunal ( France , 1792-1795 ) Exchequer Court of Canada ( Canada , 1875-1971 ) Canadian Human Rights Commission ( Canada , 1977 - ) Special Tribunal for the Defense of the State ( Italy , 1926-1943 ) Sondergerichte ( Germany , 1933-1945 ) People 's Court ( Germany ) ( Germany , 1934-1945 ) Special Tribunal for the Defense of the RSI State ( Italy , 1943-1945 ) Court of Parties ( Egypt , 1977 - ) Tribunal de Orden Público ( Spain , 1963-1977 ) Audiencia Nacional of Spain ( Spain , 1977 - ) Iraqi Special Tribunal ( Iraq , 2003 - ) Special Tribunal for Lebanon ( 2009 - )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "88b46d5827171b9110fc6ad1b50765c9", "text": "Road transport in the Netherlands With 139,000 km of public roads , the Netherlands has one of the most dense road networks in the world -- much denser than Germany and France , but still not as dense as Belgium . In 2013 , 5,191 km were national roads , 7,778 km were provincial roads , and 125,230 km were municipality and other roads . Dutch roads include 3,530 km of motorways and expressways , and with a motorway density of 64 kilometres per 1,000 km2 , the country also has one of the densest motorway networks in the world . In Dutch a motorway is called `` autosnelweg '' or simply `` snelweg '' ; other expressways are just called `` autoweg '' ( literally : `` car road '' ) . According to a 2004 estimate , some 12,500 km of road remain as yet unpaved . Mobility on Dutch roads has grown continuously since the 1950s and now exceeds 200 billion km travelled per year . With a population of 16.8 million people , this comes down to an average of 32 km per person per day . Around half of all trips in the Netherlands are made by car , making up three quarters of all passenger kilometres travelled , meaning that while Dutch roads are numerous , they are also used with one of the highest intensities of any road network . Car ownership in the Netherlands is high but not exceptional , and slightly lower than in surrounding countries . Goods vehicles make up 20 % of total traffic , and road transport accounts for 40 % of all freight movements registered , including overseas shipping . The busiest Dutch motorway is the A13 between The Hague and Rotterdam , with a traffic volume of 140,000 motor vehicles per day . The province of Utrecht in the centre of the country however , has the busiest motorways on average ( almost 100,000 vehicles a day ) , with major motorways A1 , A2 , A12 , A27 and A28 running through it . The busiest 4-lane motorway in the Netherlands is the A10 in the Coen Tunnel in Amsterdam with 110.000 vehicles per day . The widest Dutch motorway is the A15/A16 just south of Rotterdam with 16 lanes in a 4 +4 +4 +4 setup .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ff93f8ffb5453c3599d12a1b1fda13b1", "text": "Pieter Omtzigt Pieter Herman Omtzigt ( born January 8 , 1974 in The Hague ) is a Dutch politician . As a member of the Christian Democratic Appeal ( Christen-Democratisch Appèl ) he was an MP from June 3 , 2003 to June 17 , 2010 and is currently an MP since October 26 , 2010 . He focuses on matters of taxes , pensions and additions . Omtzigt currently serves on the Committee on European Affairs , Foreign Affairs , Housing and Kingdom Services , Social Affairs and Employment , Finance and Public Expenditure . In addition to his role in parliament , Omtzigt has been serving as member of the Dutch delegation to the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe since 2004 . He is currently a member of the Committee on Legal Affairs and Human Rights ; the Committee on the Honouring of Obligations and Commitments by Member States of the Council of Europe ( Monitoring Committee ) ; the Sub-Committee on Human Rights ; the Sub-Committee on the implementation of judgments of the European Court of Human Rights ; and the Sub-Committee on the Rights of Minorities . Since 2014 , he has been serving as the Assembly 's rapporteur on mass surveillance . Between 2016 and 2017 , he prepared the Assembly 's proposal on an Investment Court System ( ICS ) for arbitrating in commercial disputes between states and foreign investors .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e17d12b0c28232c830217c94dc9c60d0", "text": "Hague Marriage Convention The Hague Convention on Celebration and Recognition of the Validity of Marriages or Hague Marriage Convention is a multilateral treaty developed by the Hague Conference on Private International Law that provides the recognition of marriages . The convention was signed in 1978 by Portugal , Luxembourg and Egypt , and later by Australia , Finland and the Netherlands . It entered into force more than 10 years after opening for signature after ratification by Australia , the Netherlands ( for its European territory only ) and Luxembourg , and no countries have acceded to the convention since .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fbb8ef3eaed79dd6b70f0a439b63e906", "text": "Monarchy of the Netherlands The monarchy of the Netherlands is constitutional and as such , the role and position of the monarch are defined and limited by the constitution of the Netherlands . Consequently , a fairly large portion of the Dutch constitution is devoted to the monarch ; roughly a third of the constitution describes the succession , mechanisms of accession and abdication to the throne , the roles and responsibilities of the monarch and the formalities of communication between the States-General of the Netherlands and the role of the monarch in the creation of laws . The Kingdom of the Netherlands has been an independent monarchy since 16 March 1815 , but its one-time sovereign provinces have intermittently been `` governed '' by members of the House of Orange-Nassau and the House of Nassau from 1559 to 1747 , since Philip II of Spain appointed William of Orange as stadtholder . William became the leader of the Dutch Revolt and the independent Dutch Republic . As stadtholder , he was followed by several of his descendants . In 1747 , the function of stadtholder became a hereditary position in all Provinces of the thus `` crowned '' Dutch Republic . The last stadtholder was William V. His son became the first king as William I.", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a39d2f81240e002d253b9d0f6e0b8ba8", "text": "Peace Implementation Council The Peace Implementation Council ( PIC ) is an international body charged with implementing the Dayton Peace Agreement for Bosnia and Herzegovina . The Council was established at an implementation conference held in London , United Kingdom on December 8 and 9 , 1995 , subsequent to the completion of the negotiations of the accord the preceding month . The Council is , in effect , the realization , through the High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina , of the international community 's governance of Bosnia and Herzegovina after signature of the Dayton Agreement . This international control over Bosnia and Herzegovina is to last until the country is deemed politically and democratically stable and self-sustainable . The PIC comprises 55 countries and agencies that support the peace process in many different ways - by assisting it financially , providing troops for SFOR , or directly running operations in Bosnia and Herzegovina . There is also a fluctuating number of observers . Since the London conference , the PIC has come together at the ministerial level another six times to review progress and define the goals of peace implementation for the coming period : in June 1996 in Florence , Italy ; in December 1996 for a second time in London ; in December 1997 in Bonn , Germany ; in December 1998 in Madrid , Spain , in May 2000 and February 2007 in Brussels , Belgium . The PIC clarifies the responsibilities of the High Representative as the main implementing body of the civilian part of the Dayton Agreement , as set out in Annex 10 the Dayton Agreement . For example , the 1997 Bonn session provided the Office of the High Representative with the so-called `` Bonn authority '' to dismiss elected and non-elected officials who obstruct the implementation of the Dayton Agreement . The High Representative from 2006-2007 , Christian Schwarz-Schilling , used this power sparingly , to promote confidence in elected domestic government . This strategy was reversed by the new appointee to that post , Miroslav Lajčák , who imposed several decisions on his first day at work .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7317cf340a465f290abf4e233da192e2", "text": "War Crimes Law (Belgium) Belgium 's War Crimes Law invokes the concept of universal jurisdiction to allow anyone to bring war crime charges in Belgian courts , regardless of where the alleged crimes have taken place . Note that this is a Belgian law and is different from the International Criminal Court , which is a treaty body to try war crimes , and also different from the International Court of Justice , which is a U.N. body to settle disputes between countries . Both of these bodies reside in nearby The Hague , Netherlands , although some have said that American Servicemen 's Protection Act passed by the US was also directed against the War Crimes Law .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "930ad97c9fdd356c538797e8944cdf17", "text": "Netherlands Forensic Institute The Netherlands Forensic Institute ( Dutch Nederlands Forensisch Instituut ) is the national forensics institute of the Netherlands , located in the Ypenburg quarter of The Hague . It is an autonomous division of the Dutch Ministry of Security and Justice and falls under the Directorate-General for the Administration of Justice and Law Enforcement .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "808e6140c35666fccef3820669732a07", "text": "Peace Palace Library The Peace Palace Library is a collection of studies and references specializing in international law . It is located in The Hague , Netherlands , and was established to support the Permanent Court of Justice .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6cbc2b7669516f0bdb34c2d81aa65988", "text": "United Netherlands (organization) United Netherlands ( UNL ) is an educational student-led organization that focuses on the theory and practice of international relations and diplomacy . It is based at the Radboud University in Nijmegen , the Netherlands . UNL has organized various student activities related to the United Nations , including the Radboud international Model United Nations ( RiMUN ) , the Month of the United Nations ( MotUN ) , and the High School Program ( HSP ) . Furthermore , United Netherlands offers the accredited United Nations and Multilateral Diplomacy ( UNMD ) course , and its corresponding Delegation to Oxford University and Harvard University .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bf24772ad6a0030d332a6b347c0c3e8a", "text": "Netherlands Worldwide Students Netherlands Worldwide Students ( Nederlandse Wereldwijde Studenten ) , NWS for short , is a Dutch student organisation NWS forms a worldwide network of Dutch students currently , formerly and prospectively enrolled at foreign universities or professional schools . It offers a platform for joint activities and bridges the gap to the government , private sector , academic sector and society of the Netherlands . Most importantly , NWS tries to maintain a strong connection between Dutch students abroad and the Netherlands , and vice versa . Integral to this mission is making sure that the voices of Dutch students abroad are being heard in policy debates and that the value of studying abroad is appreciated from an individual , economic and societal perspective . NWS Clubs form an integral part of the NWS network , offering local activities , seminars , borrels and Dutch gezelligheid at universities outside of the Netherlands . NWS Clubs are active at Harvard , Cornell , Oxford , Cambridge , LSE , Paris and Bruges , amongst others . In addition , NWS maintains an online database of Dutch students currently or formerly enrolled at foreign universities . This network provides its participants access to local contacts , knowledge and advice in any sector or country to facilitate studying abroad or returning to the Netherlands . NWS also has its own Wiki-based site , for user-generated information on studying abroad , foreign universities , financial aid and such . NWS was founded in 2007 by and for students and is completely run by volunteers . It is registered as a charity and receives support from Nuffic , the IB-Group , as well as several Dutch multinationals through sponsorship for events . As part of their activities , NWS conducts research on studying abroad through surveys among its members . The findings are presented in the `` NWS-onderzoek '' research report , which is published every other year . After publicatiosen , the report is presented to a representative of the Dutch government . Previous representatives to receive the report include Sybrand Haersma Buma and former State Secretary of Education Halbe Zijlstra . In past years , the research report has focused on obstacles for Dutch students in going abroad and returning to the Netherlands . Over the past few years , NWS has increasingly become involved in informing Dutch secondary school and university students about the opportunities for studying abroad .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa0bce2a32b19365930b2c72f150b511", "text": "Engelandvaarder Engelandvaarder , ( literally translated as `` England sailer '' ) was the term given to men and women who , during the World War II , escaped from occupied territory to England ( or another Allied territory ) to join the Allied forces so as to continue to fight against the Axis countries ( Germany , Italy and Japan ) . The period covered is between the capitulation of the Dutch armed forces on 15 May 1940 and the Allied invasion of Normandy on 6 June 1944 ( D-Day ) . In July 1940 three Dutchmen escaped from the occupied Netherlands and crossed the North Sea to England in a twelve foot boat . They were called `` Engelandvaarders '' . Subsequently , more Dutch were able to reach England not only directly by sea or air , but also overland through neutral countries like Switzerland , Portugal , Spain and Sweden . Over 1,700 Dutch men and women overcame many difficulties to travel to England or another allied territory ; 332 of them joined the Army , 118 the Air Force , 397 the Navy , 176 the Royal Netherlands East Indies Army ( KNIL ) , 164 the merchant navy , 111 were secret agents and 129 served with the Dutch government-in-exile in London . A large number of men and women , however , were killed or arrested on their way to England . Some were shot , most were deported to concentration camps . Some escaped from detention , such as Bram van der Stok , the most successful Dutch fighter pilot in World War II , who escaped with Bodo Sandberg and four other Engelandvaarders from the prisoner of war camp Stalag Luft III , in a car stolen from the camp commander . Many others were taken to death camps , of which only a few returned to the Netherlands after the liberation . After they were interrogated at the Patriotic School , the Engelandvaarders were brought to London . Many Engelandvaarders were awarded the Dutch Bronze Cross ( BK ) or the Cross of Merit ( KV ) by Queen Wilhelmina .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b462654e1502c43ed27972d92f699165", "text": "Courts of South Africa The courts of South Africa are the civil and criminal courts responsible for the administration of justice in South Africa . They apply the law of South Africa and are established under the Constitution of South Africa or under Acts of the Parliament of South Africa . Despite South Africa 's division into nine provinces , the country has a single national court system . The courts are funded and supported by the national Department of Justice and Constitutional Development . The ordinary courts are the district and regional magistrates ' courts , the provincial divisions of the High Court , and the Supreme Court of Appeal . The Constitutional Court is the highest court for constitutional matters . Specialist courts have been established for various matters , including Labour Courts , the Land Claims Court , Special Income Tax Courts , and the Electoral Court . African customary law is administered by chiefs ' and headmen 's courts , subject to the Council of Traditional Leaders .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b67e873b0992fe21cefc31220433eda7", "text": "Scottish Court in the Netherlands The Scottish court in the Netherlands was a special sitting of the High Court of Justiciary set up under Scots law in a former United States Air Force base called Camp Zeist in Utrecht , in the Netherlands , for the trial of two Libyans charged with 270 counts of murder in connection with the bombing of Pan Am Flight 103 over Lockerbie , Scotland , on 21 December 1988 . A school on the former base was converted into a judicial court for the trial .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f6f3880c7313b6468953f7271b9864be", "text": "T.M.C. Asser Instituut The T.M.C. Asser instituut ( established in 1965 ) is a professional inter-university centre of knowledge and research . The institute carries out research in private and public international law , European law , international commercial arbitration and all other related fields , such as international sports law and international humanitarian and criminal law . It is based in The Hague and it is affiliated to the University of Amsterdam . The institute is named after Tobias Michael Carel Asser ( 1838 -- 1913 ) , who was a Dutch jurist , and co-winner ( with Alfred Fried ) of the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1911 for his role in the formation of the Permanent Court of Arbitration at the first Hague peace conference ( 1899 ) . He also advocated for the creation of an international academy of law , which led to founding of the Revue de Droit International et de Législation Comparée with John Westlake and Gustave Rolin-Jaequemyns , the Institut de Droit International and the creation of the Hague Academy of International Law .", "title": "" } ]
fever
0c5b20aa14f395192daa917a0255ceba
The Great Debaters has Kimberly Elise in a starring role.
[ { "docid": "991455019f96f69a3301de5eebefd0fe", "text": "The Great Debaters The Great Debaters is a 2007 American biographical drama film directed by and starring Denzel Washington . It is based on an article written about the Wiley College debate team by Tony Scherman for the spring 1997 issue of American Legacy . The film co-stars Forest Whitaker , Kimberly Elise , Nate Parker , Gina Ravera , Jermaine Williams and Jurnee Smollett . The screenplay was written by Robert Eisele . The film was released in theaters on December 25 , 2007 .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "c7899a121f96ccf6eece719359f47af8", "text": "The Great American Beauty Contest __ NOTOC __ The Great American Beauty Contest is a 1973 American satirical comedy-drama TV film , starring JoAnna Cameron and featuring Eleanor Parker , Robert Cummings , Louis Jourdan and Farrah Fawcett in an early film appearance . It was directed by Robert Day and was originally shown on the ABC TV network in the United States on February 13 , 1973 . Allmovie characterizes the film as `` An unsubtle but effective TV-movie satire of the ` Miss America ' syndrome '' , and calls the belly dance performed by Farrah Fawcett `` endearingly ridiculous . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "08828a823d57fd0a132f322a8020e083", "text": "Jessica Chastain Jessica Michelle Chastain ( born March 24 , 1977 ) is an American actress and film producer . Born in Carmichael , California , and raised in Sacramento , Chastain developed an interest in acting from a young age . In 1998 , she made her professional stage debut as Shakespeare 's Juliet . After studying acting at the Juilliard School , she was signed to a talent holding deal with the television producer John Wells . She was a recurring guest star in several television shows , including Law & Order : Trial by Jury . She also took on roles in the stage productions of Anton Chekhov 's play The Cherry Orchard in 2004 and Oscar Wilde 's tragedy Salome in 2006 . Chastain made her film debut in the drama Jolene ( 2008 ) , and gained wide recognition in 2011 for starring roles in half a dozen films , including the dramas Take Shelter and The Tree of Life . Her performance as an aspiring socialite in The Help earned her an Academy Award nomination . In 2012 , she won a Golden Globe Award and received a second Oscar nomination for playing a CIA agent in the thriller Zero Dark Thirty . Chastain made her Broadway debut in a revival of The Heiress in the same year . Her highest-grossing releases came with the science fiction films Interstellar ( 2014 ) and The Martian ( 2015 ) , as she continued to draw praise for her performances in the dramas The Disappearance of Eleanor Rigby ( 2013 ) , A Most Violent Year ( 2014 ) , and Miss Sloane ( 2016 ) . Chastain 's accolades include two Academy Award and British Academy Film Award nominations . She is known to prepare extensively for her roles . Chastain is the founder of the production company Freckle Films , which was created to promote diversity in film . She is vocal about social issues such as gender and racial equality , and mental health . Time magazine named her one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b17552feb51e21ea8a06d8c1de55a2e0", "text": "Duet Acting Duet Acting ( often shortened to `` Duet '' or abbreviated as `` DA '' in tournament schedules and results ) is an event in competitive high school forensics . Similar to Duo Interpretation , Duet Acting varies in two major respects : first , Duet is not an official National Forensic League event although some state organizations , such as the Texas Forensic Association , the Louisiana High School Speech League , and ( formerly ) the Ohio High School Speech League practice the event . Secondly , unlike Duo , in which the actors are not permitted to make eye contact with each other or touch each other , Duet incorporates an element of acting . Cuttings must be made from scripts . Duet Acting involves two people , two chairs , and ( in some jurisdictions ) a table ; the furniture is supplied in each room of competition . Time limits vary , but generally each acting pair performs an eight - to twelve-minute scene , typically using only two characters . Occasionally the performers change roles , but can only play one character per scene in the manner of dramatic or humorous interpretation . The pieces may be either serious or funny , and the extensive use of movement is permitted ( i.e. , interaction between both characters , as well as with the table and chairs ) . Duet Acting has been removed from the Ohio High School Speech League . Category : Debating", "title": "" }, { "docid": "171e45fb8272353ecf9f3860226d860c", "text": "Jennifer Freeman Jennifer Nichole Freeman ( born October 20 , 1985 ) is an American actress , often credited as Jennifer N. Freeman . She is best known for playing the role of Claire Kyle in the sitcom My Wife and Kids .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a11646d96630ab64fd253c2ec1b8eb83", "text": "Kim Craig Kimberly Diane `` Kim '' Craig née Day is the accident-prone fictional character in the Australian sitcom Kath & Kim , portrayed by Gina Riley . Along with her co-star who plays her onscreen mother , Jane Turner who plays Kath Day-Knight , Riley created the series and writes it . The idea was originally grasped during the nineties while successful Australian shows such as Big Girl 's Blouse had skits on them with identical characters of the same name . Kath & Kim aired first on 16 May 2002 , and become a hit in Australia and Internationally . The series ended in 2007 . Riley returned to screens as Kim in the film version Kath & Kimderella , which premiered in cinemas in September 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8c240925fb5282b073aeb4734d174905", "text": "Claire Foy Claire Foy ( born 16 April 1984 ) is an English actress . She studied drama and screen studies at Liverpool John Moores University and trained at the Oxford School of Drama , where she appeared in four plays , including Watership Down . She made her screen debut in the pilot episode of Being Human ( 2008 ) and in an episode of the BBC soap opera Doctors ( 2008 ) . Following her professional stage debut at the Royal National Theatre , she played the title role in the BBC One production of Little Dorrit , ( 2008 ) , and made her film debut as Anna in Season of the Witch ( 2011 ) . She had main roles as Erin Matthews in the Channel 4 series The Promise ( 2011 ) and several other television films and miniseries , including as Kate Balfour in the NBC series Crossbones ( 2014 ) . She received unanimous praise for her performance as Anne Boleyn in BBC2 's Wolf Hall ( 2015 ) , for which she was nominated for the British Academy Television Award for Best Actress and the Critics ' Choice Television Award for Best Supporting Actress in a Movie/Miniseries . Since 2016 , she has portrayed the young Queen Elizabeth II on the Netflix series The Crown , a role for which she has received critical acclaim and won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress - Television Series Drama and the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Drama Series , and was nominated for the BAFTA TV Award for Best Actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3bff82bc893c740ca1efdcea3455fac3", "text": "Stossel Libertarian presidential forum, 2016 The first nationally televised Libertarian Party presidential debate was hosted by Fox Business Network on John Stossel 's show `` Stossel '' . The two-hour debate was divided into two one-hour segments which were televised on April 1 and 8 at 9:00 Eastern Time . The debate featured the three highest-polling candidates , as measured by the Libertarian Party 's own online poll . The candidates featured in the debate were former Republican Governor of New Mexico Gary Johnson , ` The Libertarian Republic ' founder Austin Petersen and anti-virus software developer John McAfee ; John Stossel moderated the debate which featured questions from himself , Fox media personalities ( second part ) and people who submitted their questions on social media . All three candidates were afforded about the same amount of time to speak at the debate .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "275f9c5a4c9e867ec394e681b140aced", "text": "Kimberly M. Blaeser A Native American ( Chippewa ) poet and writer of mixed German and Anishinaabe descent , Kimberly Blaeser was the Wisconsin Poet Laureate 2015-2016 . Born in 1955 in Billings , Montana , she is an enrolled tribal member , and grew up on the White Earth reservation . Blaeser was named Wisconsin Poet Laureate for 2015 -- 2016 on January 7 , 2015 , by the Wisconsin Poet Laureate Commission . She resides in rural Lyons Township , Wisconsin . Blaeser works as Professor of English at the University of Wisconsin -- Milwaukee , where she teaches Creative Writing , Native American Literature , and American Nature Writing . Her first book of poetry , Trailing You , was awarded the 1993 Diane Decorah First Book Award from the Native Writers ' Circle of the Americas , and she was the first critic to publish a book-length study of the fiction of her fellow White Earth Anishinaabeg writer , Gerald Vizenor . Her work is widely anthologized , and has been translated into several languages , including Spanish , Norwegian , Indonesian , and Anishinaabemowin . Blaeser has performed her poetry around the globe , having given readings of creative work at over two hundred different venues in a dozen different countries , including performances at the Borobudur Temple in Indonesia and in a Fire-Ceremony at the Borderlands Museum Grounds in arctic Norway . Blaeser is active in service to literature , the arts , and social justice . She currently serves on the editorial board for the American Indian Lives series of the University of Nebraska Press , and for the Native American Series of Michigan State University Press . She has served on the advisory board for the Sequoyah Research Center and Native American Press Archives , on the Poetry Fellowship Panel for the National Endowment of the Arts , and has been a member of the Native American Alumni Board for the University of Notre Dame . Most recently , Blaeser initiated the Milwaukee Native American Literary Cooperative which helped to bring 75 Native American writers to Milwaukee for the 20th Anniversary Returning the Gift Festival of Native Writers and Storytellers in 2012 and continues to sponsor events each year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ef3eafa5ed6cd56165810ba853197dd7", "text": "Elogium `` Elogium '' is the fourth episode of the second season of the American science fiction television series Star Trek : Voyager , the 20th episode overall . The episode first aired on the UPN network on February 18 , 1995 . The story was written by freelancers Jimmy Diggs and Steve J. Kay , based on Diggs ' experience while serving in the United States Navy . It was rewritten by executive producer Jeri Taylor and guest writer Kenneth Biller . Set in the 24th century , the series follows the adventures of the Starfleet and Maquis crew of the starship USS Voyager after they were stranded in the Delta Quadrant far from the rest of the Federation . In this episode , Voyager encounters a swarm of space-borne lifeforms , which mistake the vessel for a member of their species . The presence of the aliens induce a premature mating cycle in Kes ( Jennifer Lien ) , causing her and Neelix ( Ethan Phillips ) to question whether or not they are ready to have children . Taylor incorporated Diggs ' suggestion to name a character `` Samantha Wildman '' after an organ donor who saved his wife 's life . The script was Biller 's first work for the series and earned him a permanent spot on the Voyager writing staff after impressing the producers . The episode received Nielsen ratings of 5.7 / 9 percent , placing it in 87th position for the week overall . The episode was praised by the cast , although director Winrich Kolbe was satisfied but felt that Kes could have been taken further in the episode . Critics gave the episode a mixed response , lauding Lien 's performance while criticizing the character dynamics and the message about women wanting to become a mother .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c72dc8e92d8c7f2f38ee862b32fd875a", "text": "Candace Bailey Candace Kaye Bailey ( born May 20 , 1982 ) is an American actress and television personality best known as a co-host of the former television program Attack of the Show ! on G4 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ef8c2c9bece9d9f7545f55fa08d5f8a2", "text": "We Have Issues We Have Issues is an American comedy infotainment series which premiered on September 18 , 2015 , on the E! cable channel . The half-hour weekly show is hosted by comedians Julian McCullough and Annie Lederman , who both discuss the biggest pop culture news of the week . A guest comedian is set to join the debate every week and `` contribute to the hilarious he said/she said banter . '' McCullough and Lederman have both appeared together on the late-night series @midnight and separately on various other panel talk shows , including World 's Funniest and Chelsea Lately .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9aec1603fb4192ac76d233ab809c4ce8", "text": "Kimberly Shaw Dr. Kimberly Shaw , M.D. , is a character from the hit television series Melrose Place . She was portrayed by Emmy-nominated actress Marcia Cross for the first five seasons from 1992 to 1997 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5bfa637d6b67157f0ae3a69fd09f1e5a", "text": "Katharine the Great Katharine the Great : Katharine Graham and The Washington Post is an unauthorized biography of Katharine Graham , the newspaper owner , authored by Deborah Davis , and initially released in 1979 . The book was first published by Harcourt Brace Jovanovich ( HBJ ) , but they withdrew the book from circulation after a few weeks and returned the rights to Davis after citing that `` certain facts and circumstances have arisen since publication . '' Davis sued HBJ for $ 6 million in 1982 for breach of contract , alleging the recall came after a letter from the Washington Post 's executive editor , Benjamin C. Bradlee to the publisher ; Bradlee called the publication of the book `` completely irresponsible '' and then listed 39 errors where his name appeared . The suit was settled out of court for $ 100,000 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "753798a9e512083c2a20d8cf708a39a3", "text": "Excellence in Broadcasting `` Excellence in Broadcasting '' is the second episode of the ninth season of the animated comedy series Family Guy . It originally aired on Fox in the United States on October 3 , 2010 . The episode features anthropomorphic dog Brian , an adamant liberal , confronting conservative radio talk show host Rush Limbaugh at a book signing in Quahog , and ultimately having a political change of heart when Limbaugh convinces him to read his latest book . Brian eventually decides to become a devoted member of the Republican Party , and soon begins criticizing liberals . This leads Brian to become roommates with Limbaugh , and begins following him everywhere , before Limbaugh convinces Brian of his true political convictions . The episode was written by Patrick Meighan and directed by John Holmquist . It received mixed reviews from critics for its storyline and many cultural references , in addition to receiving both praise and criticism from conservative news outlets . According to Nielsen ratings , it was viewed in 7.94 million homes in its original airing . As well as Limbaugh , the episode featured guest performances by Gary Cole , Christine Lakin , Phil LaMarr , Shelley Long , Nana Visitor and Rainn Wilson , along with several recurring guest voice actors for the series . `` Excellence in Broadcasting '' was released on DVD along with three other episodes from the season on December 13 , 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "635e734cf5f60ce5eccf1a313bac28f6", "text": "Hillary: The Movie Hillary : The Movie is a 2008 political documentary about United States Senator and presidential candidate Hillary Clinton . It was produced by the conservative non-profit organization Citizens United . The film was scheduled to be offered as video-on-demand on cable TV right before the Democratic primaries in January 2008 , but as `` electioneering communication '' to do so was illegal under the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act which was enforced by the Federal Election Commission . The producers went to U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia to get a declaration that they could show their movie and promotional ads for it despite BCRA . This case was titled Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission and its final decision at the U.S. Supreme Court resulted in a major change in campaign finance law . The documentary interviewed various conservative figures such as Dick Morris and Ann Coulter and reviewed various scandals in which Hillary Clinton purportedly participated , such as the White House travel office controversy , White House FBI files controversy , Whitewater controversy , and cattle futures controversy . The factual finding of the three-judge district court was that there was `` no reasonable interpretation -LSB- of the movie -RSB- other than as an appeal to vote against Senator Clinton '' , thus making it `` electioneering communication '' . The Supreme Court did not change that decision , but applied the strict scrutiny test for the First Amendment of the Constitution and said corporations could not be banned from making electioneering communications .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a24a14a1049e0e4216e4cdc0ec63b82", "text": "Dana Eskelson Dana Erika Eskelson ( born February 6 , 1965 in Dallas , Texas ) is an American television , film , and theatre actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "95cb885c29fcf6c05e80c93b3ad5df0e", "text": "The Kilroys' List The Kilroys ' List is a gender parity initiative to end the `` systematic underrepresentation of female and trans * playwrights '' in the American theater industry . Gender disparity is defined as the gap of unproduced playwrights ' whose plays are being discriminated against based on the writer 's gender identification and intersectional identities of race , sexual orientation , ethnicity , socioeconomic class , age , and ability . Recent statistical research released in November 2015 , entitled The Count , gathered that 22 % of total surveyed professional productions from 2011-2013 annual seasons were written by women playwrights , 3.8 % of the total were written by women playwrights of color , and 0.4 % of the total were written by foreign women playwrights of color . 78 % of total surveyed professional productions were written by men playwrights . First released in June 2014 , The List is an annual collection of highly-recommended contemporary plays written by female and trans * identified authors , which are read or seen by an industry professional within the last twelve months.The List was established by the The Kilroys , a group of Los Angeles-based female-identified playwrights and producers who were tired of their plays remaining unproduced while artistic directors claimed `` We chose the best plays '' for their theater companies ' annual seasons . The namesake of The Kilroys originated from the World War II graffiti tag , `` Kilroy Was Here . '' The tagline for The Kilroys is `` We Make Trouble and Plays . '' The Kilroys members include : Zakiyyah Alexander , Bekah Brunstetter , Sheila Callaghan , Carla Ching , Annah Feinberg , Sarah Gubbins , Laura Jacqmin , Joy Meads , Kelly Miller , Meg Miroshnik , Daria Polatin , Tanya Saracho , and Marisa Wegrzyn . The List 2014 featured the Top 46 , a collection of 46 plays highly-recommended by selected Nominators . The Nominators consisted of a number of contemporary theater artists and administrators currently working in the theater industry . The 2015 List : The Top 7 % featured 53 plays .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "50b9e14e2c17e8f7f05eea8f0feefd65", "text": "Meredith Hagner Meredith Hagner ( born May 31 , 1987 ) is an American actress , best known for roles as Liberty Ciccone in the CBS daytime soap opera As the World Turns ( 2008 -- 2010 ) , and as Amy Jordan in the TBS sitcom Men at Work ( 2012 -- 2014 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "866f6ae878864aee5f8a3f20d0eaff47", "text": "Erica Rhodes Erica Rhodes ( born April 5 , 1986 ) is an American actress and comedian . She has been performing on A Prairie Home Companion since the age of 10 and appeared in several movies and TV shows , including Plague Town , 1,000 Ways to Die , and The Consultants . She has also guest starred on New Girl , @midnight with Chris Hardwick , and Modern Family .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0bea8bfb24d3881bca037cda37511d0b", "text": "Christine Lahti Christine Ann Lahti ( born April 4 , 1950 ) is an American actress . She was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for the 1984 film Swing Shift . Her other film roles include ... And Justice for All ( 1979 ) , Housekeeping ( 1987 ) , Running on Empty ( 1988 ) , and Leaving Normal ( 1992 ) . For her directorial debut with the 1995 short film Lieberman in Love , she won the Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film . Lahti made her Broadway debut in 1980 as a replacement in Loose Ends , and went on to star in the Broadway productions of Present Laughter ( 1982 ) and The Heidi Chronicles ( 1989 ) . An eight-time Golden Globe nominee and six-time Emmy Award nominee , she won a Golden Globe for the 1989 TV movie No Place Like Home , and won a Golden Globe and an Emmy in 1998 for her role as Kate Austin in the CBS series Chicago Hope ( 1995 -- 99 ) . She returned to Broadway in 2009 to star in God of Carnage . She also had a recurring role as Sonya Paxton in the NBC series Law and Order : Special Victims Unit ( 2009 -- 11 ) , as Doris McGarrett in the CBS series Hawaii Five-0 ( 2012 -- 16 ) , and Laurel Hitchin in NBC 's The Blacklist ( 2015 -- 17 ) .", "title": "" } ]
fever
f35e1f3c8c60d2fd7474d28649f75016
Dangerous Beauty contained actors Rufus Sewell and Catherine McCormack.
[ { "docid": "3ecb737c694d8ca691a150e6cbf118a7", "text": "Dangerous Beauty Dangerous Beauty is a 1998 American biographical drama film directed by Marshall Herskovitz and starring Catherine McCormack , Rufus Sewell , and Oliver Platt . Based on the non-fiction book The Honest Courtesan by Margaret Rosenthal , the film is about Veronica Franco , a courtesan in sixteenth-century Venice who becomes a hero to her city , but later becomes the target of an inquisition by the Church for witchcraft . The film features a supporting cast that includes Fred Ward , Naomi Watts , Moira Kelly and Jacqueline Bisset . The film was released as A Destiny of Her Own in some regions , and was retitled The Honest Courtesan ' for its UK video release .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "e7d6d0f3ec920461f42f4c51c47da7bb", "text": "Laurence Edney Laurence Vincent Edney ( born May 18 , 1968 ) is an English actor and model known for his appearance in Kill Kill Faster Faster ( 2008 ) , Hotel Babylon ( 2006 ) and Behind the Bar ( 2007 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7e2146fb2bd60f9126bdc8d9e1cda351", "text": "Beauty and the Beast (1987 TV series) Beauty and the Beast is an American fantasy-drama series which first aired on CBS in 1987 . Creator Ron Koslow 's updated version of the fairy tale has a double focus : the relationship between Vincent ( Ron Perlman ) , a mythic , noble man-beast , and Catherine ( Linda Hamilton ) , a savvy Assistant District Attorney in New York ; and a secret Utopian community of social outcasts living in a subterranean sanctuary . Through an empathetic bond , Vincent senses Catherine 's emotions , and becomes her guardian .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "363707d675f0a005885c6618422cdada", "text": "Cate Blanchett on screen and stage Cate Blanchett is an Australian actress who has extensively appeared in film and stage . She made her stage debut in 1992 by playing Electra in the National Institute of Dramatic Art production of the same name . She followed it with performances in Timothy Daly 's Kafka Dances ( 1993 ) and the Sydney Theatre Company stage production of Oleanna ( 1993 ) opposite Geoffrey Rush . Blanchett won the Sydney Theatre Critics Award for Best Newcomer for the former and Best Actress for the latter , making her the first person to win both awards at once . She went on to perform several roles on stage , notably Susan Traherne in Plenty ( 1999 ) , Hedda Gabler in Hedda Gabler ( 2004 ) , Blanche DuBois in A Streetcar Named Desire ( 2009 ) , Yelena in Uncle Vanya ( 2011 ) and Claire in The Maids ( 2013 ) . In 1997 , Blanchett made her feature film debut in a supporting role in the World War II drama Paradise Road . The same year , she had her first leading role in Oscar and Lucinda , which earned her an AACTA Award nomination for Best Actress . Blanchett received worldwide attention for playing Queen Elizabeth I of England in the acclaimed drama Elizabeth ( 1998 ) . Her performance garnered her a Golden Globe and a BAFTA Award for Best Actress and her first Academy Award nomination for Best Actress . Elizabeth and her next film , the thriller The Talented Mr. Ripley ( 1999 ) , performed well at the box office . However , her other 1999 releasesthe widely praised An Ideal Husband and the largely panned Pushing Tinwere unsuccessful . Blanchett found greater success for portraying Galadriel in Peter Jackson 's epic fantasy trilogy The Lord of the Rings ( 2001-03 ) . During this period , she also appeared in several films which had mixed reception and performed poorly at the box office . She won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress , among other honors for portraying Katharine Hepburn in Martin Scorsese 's 2004 drama The Aviator , making her the only actor to win an Oscar for portraying another Oscar-winning actor . Her only screen appearance in 2005 was in Little Fish , for which she won the AACTA Award for Best Actress . Blanchett 's performance in the 2006 thriller Notes on a Scandal garnered her another Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress . In 2007 , she received both Best Actress and Best Supporting Actress Oscar nominations for her roles in Elizabeth : The Golden Age and I 'm Not There , becoming one of the few actors to achieve this feat . In 2008 , Blanchett appeared in Steven Spielberg 's action adventure Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull and David Fincher 's fantasy drama The Curious Case of Benjamin Button . She briefly reprised her role of Galadriel in the The Hobbit trilogy ( 2012-14 ) . For her performance as the titular socialite in Woody Allen 's 2013 drama Blue Jasmine , Blanchett won the Golden Globe , the BAFTA Award , the SAG Award and the Academy Award for Best Actress . In 2014 , she voiced Valka in the $ 620 million-grossing animated fantasy How to Train Your Dragon 2 . In 2015 , she received praise for playing Lady Tremaine in Disney 's live action film Cinderella , Mary Mapes in Truth and the titular character in Todd Haynes 's romantic drama Carol . Cinderella was a notable box office success while Carol garnered her seventh Oscar nomination . Blanchett made her Broadway debut in 2017 with The Present , receiving her first Tony Award nomination for the Best Actress in a Play .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8ad808d22eadaec9b22f400596e8d51d", "text": "Beauty (2011 film) Beauty ( Skoonheid ) is a 2011 South African film directed by Oliver Hermanus . It premiered in the Un Certain Regard section at the 2011 Cannes Film Festival . The film was selected as the South African entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 84th Academy Awards , but it did not make the final shortlist .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad52e1a831b954dae2b9b97d7f8fc469", "text": "American Beauty (1999 film) American Beauty is a 1999 American drama film directed by Sam Mendes and written by Alan Ball . Kevin Spacey stars as Lester Burnham , a 42-year-old advertising executive who has a midlife crisis when he becomes infatuated with his teenaged daughter 's best friend , Angela ( Mena Suvari ) . Annette Bening co-stars as Lester 's materialistic wife , Carolyn , and Thora Birch plays their insecure daughter , Jane . Wes Bentley , Chris Cooper , and Allison Janney also feature . The film is described by academics as a satire of American middle-class notions of beauty and personal satisfaction ; analysis has focused on the film 's explorations of romantic , and paternal love , sexuality , beauty , materialism , self-liberation , and redemption . Ball began writing American Beauty as a play in the early 1990s , partly inspired by the media circus around the Amy Fisher trial in 1992 . He shelved the play after realizing the story would not work on stage . After several years as a television screenwriter , Ball revived the idea in 1997 when attempting to break into the film industry . The modified script had a cynical outlook that was influenced by Ball 's frustrating tenures writing for several sitcoms . Producers Dan Jinks and Bruce Cohen took American Beauty to DreamWorks ; the then-fledgling film studio bought Ball 's script for $ 250,000 , outbidding several other production bodies . DreamWorks financed the $ 15 million production and served as its North American distributor . American Beauty marked acclaimed theater director Mendes ' film debut ; courted after his successful productions of the musicals Oliver ! and Cabaret , Mendes was , nevertheless , only given the job after 20 others were considered and several `` A-list '' directors turned down the opportunity . Spacey was Mendes ' first choice for the role of Lester , though DreamWorks had urged the director to consider better-known actors ; similarly , the studio suggested several actors for the role of Carolyn until Mendes offered the part to Bening without DreamWorks ' knowledge . Principal photography took place between December 1998 and February 1999 on soundstages at the Warner Bros. backlot in Burbank , California , and on location in Los Angeles . Mendes ' dominant style was deliberate and composed ; he made extensive use of static shots and slow pans and zooms to generate tension . Cinematographer Conrad Hall complemented Mendes ' style with peaceful shot compositions to contrast with the turbulent on-screen events . During editing , Mendes made several changes that gave the film a less cynical tone than the script . Released in North America on September 17 , 1999 , American Beauty was positively received by critics and grossed over $ 356 million worldwide . Reviewers praised most aspects of the production , with particular emphasis on Mendes , Spacey , and Ball ; criticism focused on the familiarity of the characters and setting . DreamWorks launched a major campaign to increase the film 's chances of Academy Award success ; at the 72nd Academy Awards the following year , the film won Best Picture , Best Director , Best Actor ( for Spacey ) , Best Original Screenplay , and Best Cinematography . It was nominated for and won many other awards and honors , mainly for the direction , writing , and acting .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "32711cf3a19ce6e7536fb49dd109c9a8", "text": "Kate O'Toole (actress) Kate Eurwen O'Toole ( born 26 February 1960 in Stratford-upon-Avon , Warwickshire ) is an English-actress . She is the daughter of actors Peter O'Toole and Siân Phillips .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b82c80da570fe4a800ba07c5405a58bc", "text": "Dance Star Dance Star is a 2010 British dance musical film set in Essex , UK . It was written and directed by Steven M. Smith . The cast includes Bruce Payne , Megan Little Vivien Creegor and Jon-Paul Gates .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a697b13b9b6b56f5f4f53bb03d52472", "text": "Dangerous Exile Dangerous Exile is a 1957 British historical drama film directed by Brian Desmond Hurst and starring Louis Jourdan , Belinda Lee , Anne Heywood and Richard O'Sullivan . It concerns the fate of Louis XVII , who died in 1795 as a boy , yet was popularly believed to have escaped from his French revolutionary captors .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ccd1f6917e7da5a86046ef187c814d4f", "text": "A Dangerous Method A Dangerous Method is a 2011 German-Canadian-American-British historical film directed by David Cronenberg and starring Keira Knightley , Viggo Mortensen , Michael Fassbender , and Vincent Cassel . The screenplay was adapted by writer Christopher Hampton from his 2002 stage play The Talking Cure , which was based on the 1993 non-fiction book by John Kerr , A Most Dangerous Method : The story of Jung , Freud , and Sabina Spielrein . The film marks the third consecutive collaboration between Cronenberg and Viggo Mortensen ( after A History of Violence and Eastern Promises ) . This is also the third Cronenberg film made with British film producer Jeremy Thomas , after completing together the William Burroughs adaptation Naked Lunch and the J. G. Ballard adaptation Crash . A Dangerous Method was a German/Canadian co-production . The film premiered at the 68th Venice Film Festival and was also featured at the 2011 Toronto International Film Festival . Set on the eve of World War I , A Dangerous Method describes the turbulent relationships between Carl Jung , founder of analytical psychology ; Sigmund Freud , founder of the discipline of psychoanalysis ; and Sabina Spielrein , initially a patient of Jung and later a physician and one of the first female psychoanalysts . Among the film 's many honors , Mortensen was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor -- Motion Picture for his portrayal of Freud .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d27073b4433bb5f0e3d208f95495d263", "text": "Sam Rockwell Samuel Rockwell ( born November 5 , 1968 ) is an American actor known for independent and mainstream films . He is known for his leading roles in Lawn Dogs ( 1997 ) , Confessions of a Dangerous Mind ( 2002 ) , Matchstick Men ( 2003 ) , The Hitchhiker 's Guide to the Galaxy ( 2005 ) , Choke ( 2008 ) , Moon ( 2009 ) , Seven Psychopaths ( 2012 ) , and Mr. Right ( 2015 ) , as well as for his supporting roles in The Green Mile ( 1999 ) , Galaxy Quest ( 1999 ) , The Assassination of Jesse James ( 2007 ) , Frost/Nixon ( 2008 ) , Conviction ( 2010 ) , Iron Man 2 ( 2010 ) , Cowboys & Aliens ( 2011 ) , The Way , Way Back ( 2013 ) , and Poltergeist ( 2015 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "04f53d93127fae7436429850a4e2e1aa", "text": "Catherine Tate Catherine Tate ( born Catherine Ford ; 12 May 1968 ) is an English comedian , actress , and writer . She has won numerous awards for her work on the sketch comedy series The Catherine Tate Show as well as being nominated for an International Emmy Award and seven BAFTA Awards . Following the success of The Catherine Tate Show , Tate played Donna Noble in the 2006 Christmas special of Doctor Who and later temporarily reprised her role , becoming the Tenth Doctor 's companion for the fourth series in 2008 . In 2011 , she began a recurring role as Nellie Bertram in the U.S. version of The Office and was a regular until the series ended .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "525076dabf52ad7cfdd808bc2720b79e", "text": "Wuthering Heights (2011 film) Wuthering Heights is a 2011 British romantic gothic , period drama film directed by Andrea Arnold and starring Kaya Scodelario as Catherine and James Howson as Heathcliff . The screenplay , written by Andrea Arnold and Olivia Hetreed , is based on Emily Brontë 's 1847 Wuthering Heights .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5cccd9aa4f98e025c3b4f84f4401567e", "text": "Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? Who 's Afraid of Virginia Woolf ? is a 1962 play by Edward Albee . It examines the breakdown of the marriage of a middle-aged couple , Martha and George . Late one evening , after a university faculty party , they receive an unwitting younger couple , Nick and Honey , as guests , and draw them into their bitter and frustrated relationship . The play is in three acts , normally taking a little less than three hours to perform , with two 10-minute intermissions . The title is a pun on the song `` Who 's Afraid of the Big Bad Wolf ? '' from Walt Disney 's Three Little Pigs ( 1933 ) , substituting the name of the celebrated English author Virginia Woolf . Martha and George repeatedly sing this version of the song throughout the play . Who 's Afraid of Virginia Woolf ? won both the 1963 Tony Award for Best Play and the 1962 -- 63 New York Drama Critics ' Circle Award for Best Play . It is frequently revived on the modern stage . The film adaptation was released in 1966 , written by Ernest Lehman , directed by Mike Nichols , and starring Richard Burton , Elizabeth Taylor , George Segal and Sandy Dennis .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "19f3137ae61a64d9cd6576b81a555618", "text": "Full Frontal (film) Full Frontal is a 2002 film by Steven Soderbergh about a day in the life of a handful of characters in Hollywood . It stars Catherine Keener , Blair Underwood , David Duchovny , Julia Roberts , Mary McCormack , Brad Pitt , and David Hyde Pierce . The film was shot on digital video using the Canon XL-1s in under a month . The film blurs the line between what is real and what is fiction in its depiction of a film within a film ( and possibly within another ) . It is in the loose structural style and narrative ambiguity of the French New Wave , and it received critical notice for this style .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "876022af87f647b87f58627e959d35fd", "text": "Dark City (1998 film) Dark City is a 1998 American-Australian neo-noir science fiction film directed by Alex Proyas . The screenplay was written by Proyas , Lem Dobbs and David S. Goyer . The film stars Rufus Sewell , Kiefer Sutherland , Jennifer Connelly , and William Hurt . Sewell plays John Murdoch , an amnesiac man who finds himself suspected of murder . Murdoch attempts to discover his true identity and clear his name while on the run from the police and a mysterious group known only as the `` Strangers '' . The majority of the film was shot at Fox Studios Australia . It was jointly produced by New Line Cinema and Mystery Clock Cinema . New Line Cinema distributed the theatrical release . The film premiered in the United States on February 27 , 1998 . The film was nominated for Hugo and Saturn Awards . For the theatrical release , the studio was concerned that the audience would not understand the film and asked Proyas to add an explanatory voice-over narration to the introduction . A director 's cut was released in 2008 , restoring and preserving Proyas 's original artistic vision for the film . Some critics have noted its similarities and possible influence on the Matrix series , which came out a year later .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "402289ea0f0dda61cf36e120d05a7cf0", "text": "Dangerous (Roxette song) `` Dangerous '' is a song by the Swedish pop duo Roxette . Written by Per Gessle , the song was released as the fifth and final single from their second studio album Look Sharp ! ( 1988 ) . Gessle penned it just before Roxette 's first tour in 1987 . Released at the end of 1989 , it was the group 's third top 10 showing on the Billboard Hot 100 , spending two weeks at number two in February 1990 -- kept off the top spot by Janet Jackson 's `` Escapade '' . The music video was recorded in the ruins of Borgholm Castle . It was released as a double A-side in the UK with `` Listen to Your Heart '' . The version on the single features a different introduction , omitting the instruments in favour of the duo singing the first line of the chorus .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f5886f40111b7b9b246557a9858e5e20", "text": "Catherine (1986 TV series) Catherine - a French TV series produced for Antenne 2 channel in 1986 . It was based on the series of `` Catherine '' novels written by Juliette Benzoni . The series was directed by Marion Sarraut , who had already successfully brought on TV another of Madame Benzoni 's work - Marianne . The director had the author 's assistance going so far as working together , like mother and daughter , to work on the best-seller Catherine . Two years of preparation , fifteen months of shooting , two hundred actors - over fifteen hundred costumes . The episodes were not to be seen in prime time - but from 13:30 - 14:00 each afternoon . The production was nevertheless a huge success . The readers of the books were more than satisfied with what Marion Sarraut had done to Catherine . To their great joy , the producers had adapted the seven books more or less truthfully . Some minor changes had to be made , probably also because of the small bugdet they had at their disposal . Claudine Ancelot was a perfect Catherine . At her side , Pierre-Marie Escourrou as her great love Arnaud de Montsalvy . Pascale Petit was Sara , Benoît Brione was the evil Gilles de Rais , and Geneviève Casile Queen Yolande . For over two decades , the story of `` Catherine and Arnaud '' had vanished . In December 2007 the French company France Loisirs started releasing the long awaited Catherine Il suffit d'un amour TV-Serie on DVD . At the moment the whole TV series has been released on 5 double DVDs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a2009d665ff67c986c5adc73d5c2ffab", "text": "Chotika Wongwilas Chotika Wongwilas ( Thai : โชติกา วงศ์วิลาศ ; born November 15 , 1984 ) , nickname Noey Chotika , is an actor and model under contract with Thailand 's Channel 3 Television broadcaster for whom she has acted in several lakorn ( Thai television soap operas ) . Known primarily for her `` villainous roles '' , she first appeared in the 2007 drama Invisible Friend . '' Other notable performances include her work in Neung Nai Suang ( Thai : หนึ่งในทรวง ; Only you in my heart ) in 2015 , Cubic ( Thai : คิวบิก ) in 2014 , and Game Rai Game Rak ( Thai : เกมร้ายเกมรัก ; Evil Game/Love Game '' ) in 2011 . Chotika grew up in Phatthalung Province in southern Thailand where she attended the Satri Phatthalung School . She obtained her B.A. in IT Business Management at Prince of Songkla University and then went on to earn a Master 's degree in Recreation and Tourism Management at Chulalongkorn University .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fcb6d4aab18e76a99f6a6599b1a0a43f", "text": "Miranda Harcourt Miranda Catherine Millais Harcourt ( born 1962 ) is a New Zealand actress and acting coach . She is the daughter of actress Dame Kate Harcourt . Harcourt 's acting career began playing boy character on Radio New Zealand in the early 1970s . She is best known for her role as `` Gemma '' in the 1980s TV drama series Gloss . Harcourt spent three years acting on the show , and her character was so despicable that people spat at and insulted Harcourt in public . Harcourt received a nomination in the 1989 Film and TV Awards for best actress for the role . Harcourt has starred in countless productions across New Zealand and in Australia . The exhaustive and comprehensive list can be found at Theatre Aotearoa Database .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee5f3fd9ce4a5659b4a61826101ba52e", "text": "Michael Jackson's Vision Michael Jackson 's Vision is a deluxe DVD box set by American recording artist Michael Jackson . It was released on November 22 , 2010 by Epic Records , Legacy Recordings , and Jackson 's own label , MJJ Productions . It includes three DVDs , featuring 4.5 hours of content of 42 music videos with newly restored color and remastered audio . Jackson referred to each of these productions as a `` short film '' and not a music video . This is the first time that all of Jackson 's videos have been released on DVD . According to a statement by the producers , the video recognizes Jackson 's `` pioneering short films that transformed the entertainment industry with timeless , pop culture classics '' . Disc one features videos from the albums Off the Wall , Thriller and Bad and disc two features videos from the albums Dangerous , HIStory : Past , Present and Future , Book I , Blood on the Dance Floor : HIStory in the Mix and Invincible . The third disc , which is a bonus disc , features seven videos . Michael Jackson 's Vision includes the full-length versions of the John Landis-directed `` Thriller '' and `` Black or White '' as well as the classic `` Bad '' directed by Academy Award winning filmmaker Martin Scorsese . Also included in the boxed set are Jackson 's collaborations with other noted film directors such as John Singleton , Spike Lee and David Fincher as well as `` Ghosts , '' his rarely seen collaboration with special effects legend Stan Winston . Michael Jackson 's Vision is available in a limited edition boxed set featuring a 60-page glossy hard-bound book that includes behind-the-scenes photos from Jackson 's videos , which includes information for each video including : songwriter , album , director , production date , location and photography . Ten music videos previously unavailable on DVD including `` One More Chance '' are included . It was also released on the iTunes Store and has iTunes LP features . The videos `` Smooth Criminal '' , `` Speed Demon '' , `` Come Together '' , and `` Leave Me Alone '' come from Jackson 's 1988 film Moonwalker . The `` Smooth Criminal '' segment is actually over 40 minutes long but only the 10-minute song and dance scene is featured . The video `` Another Part of Me '' is from Jackson 's Bad World Tour and `` Will You Be There '' is from the Dangerous World Tour . The `` HIStory '' video is the only short film that is not included in this box set . The original music video of `` Blood on the Dance Floor '' is replaced with the Refugee Camp Mix for unknown reasons . The videos for The Jacksons ' songs `` Torture '' and `` Body '' are also not included , because Michael did not appear in either of them , despite having a verse in each of them . Also not included is the music video for The Jacksons ' `` 2300 Jackson Street '' . On February 15 , 2011 , Michael Jackson 's Vision was certified 5 × Platinum by RIAA for the sales of over 0.5 million units in the United States . On December 31 , 2010 , it was also certified Diamond in France ( for the sales of over 60 000 units ) and 2 × Platinum in Australia . On May 29 , 2011 , it was also certified Gold in New Zealand . It has been also certified Gold in Austria and Platinum in Poland . Reception over the video and audio quality of the box set has been mixed . As the videos are played in 16:9 , videos with a 4:3 aspect ratio are pillarboxed and as a result the resolution is lower than some previous DVDs . Also , the audio is mixed in PCM stereo instead of 5.1 Surround as in many previous DVDs .", "title": "" } ]
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b417d793f72d9408f7ccda4035aaa82f
Muhammad was born in Paris.
[ { "docid": "26e16f39a8cb30451b151a8cd816f91a", "text": "Muhammad Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd AllāhFull name : Abū al-Qāsim Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib ibn Hāshim ( ابو القاسم محمد ابن عبد الله ابن عبد المطلب ابن هاشم , lit : Father of Qasim Muhammad son of Abd Allah son of Abdul-Muttalib son of Hashim ) ( محمد -LSB- muħammad -RSB- ; Classical Arabic pronunciation c. 570 CE -- 8 June 632 CE ) is the prophet of Islam and widely identified as its founder by non-Muslims . According to Islamic doctrine , he was God 's Messenger ( rasūl Allāh ) sent to confirm the essential teachings of monotheism preached previously by Adam , Abraham , Moses , Jesus , and other prophets . He is viewed as the final prophet of God in primary branches of Islam , though some modern denominations diverge from this belief.The Ahmadiyya Muslim Community considers Muhammad to be the `` Seal of the Prophets '' ( Khātam an-Nabiyyīn ) and the last law-bearing Prophet but not the last Prophet . See : There are also smaller sects which believe Muhammad to be not the last Prophet : The Nation of Islam considers Elijah Muhammad to be a prophet ( source : African American Religious Leaders -- p. 76 , Jim Haskins , Kathleen Benson -- 2008 ) . United Submitters International consider Rashad Khalifa to be a prophet . ( Source : Daniel Pipes , Miniatures : Views of Islamic and Middle Eastern Politics , p. 98 ( 2004 ) ) Muhammad united Arabia into a single Muslim polity and ensured that his teachings , practices , and the Quran , formed the basis of Islamic religious belief . Born approximately 570CE ( Year of the Elephant ) in the Arabian city of Mecca , Muhammad was orphaned at an early age ; he was raised under the care of his paternal uncle Abu Talib . Periodically , he would seclude himself in a mountain cave named Hira for several nights of prayer ; later , at age 40 , he reported being visited by Gabriel in the cave , where he stated he received his first revelation from God . Three years later , in 610 , Muhammad started preaching these revelations publicly , proclaiming that `` God is One '' , that complete `` surrender '' ( lit . islām ) to him is the right course of action ( dīn ) , and that he was a prophet and messenger of God , similar to the other prophets in Islam . Muhammad gained few early followers , and met hostility from some Meccan tribes . To escape persecution , Muhammad sent some followers to Abyssinia before he and his followers migrated from Mecca to Medina ( then known as Yathrib ) in the year 622 . This event , the Hijra , marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar , also known as the Hijri Calendar . In Medina , Muhammad united the tribes under the Constitution of Medina . In December 629 , after eight years of intermittent conflict with Meccan tribes , Muhammad gathered an army of 10,000 Muslim converts and marched on the city of Mecca . The attack went largely uncontested and Muhammad seized the city with little bloodshed . In 632 , a few months after returning from the Farewell Pilgrimage , he fell ill and died . Before his death , most of the Arabian Peninsula had converted to Islam . The revelations ( each known as Ayah , lit . `` Sign -LSB- of God -RSB- '' ) , which Muhammad reported receiving until his death , form the verses of the Quran , regarded by Muslims as the `` Word of God '' and around which the religion is based . Besides the Quran , Muhammad 's teachings and practices ( sunnah ) , found in the Hadith and sira literature , are also upheld by Muslims and used as sources of Islamic law ( see Sharia ) .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "5da35ac23c542e667d29537b1bbfeb97", "text": "Order of Muhammad The Order of Muhammad , also referred to as Order of Sovereignty ( Arabic : Wissam al-Mohammadi , French : Ordre de la Souverainete or Ordre de Mohammed ) , is the highest state decoration of the Kingdom of Morocco . The Order was instituted on 16 November 1956 by King Mohammed V of Morocco , who reigned between 1955 and 1961 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1fcc52a57c9f333808fbe2b5ac9fe433", "text": "Umm al-Qura Mosque The Umm al-Qura ( `` Mother of All Cities '' ) mosque in Baghdad is the city 's largest place of worship for Sunni Muslims . Originally called the Umm al-Ma ` arik ( `` Mother of All Battles '' ) mosque , it was designed to commemorate Saddam Hussein 's victory in the 1991 Gulf War and was intended to serve as a personal tribute to Saddam himself . It is located in the Sunni-populated al-Adel area of western Baghdad . Costing $ 7.5 million to build , the mosque 's cornerstone was laid on Saddam 's 61st birthday on 28 April 1998 . It was formally completed on 28 April 2001 in time for the ten-year anniversary of the Gulf War . Although never confirmed by his regime or himself during his lifetime , there has been speculation that it was intended to have been Saddam 's final resting place . Many architectural features of the mosque and the surrounding complex allude to either Saddam or the war ( or both ) . It has four minarets on its perimeter , each resembling a Kalashnikov rifle barrel and standing 43 m high , marking the 43 days of the Gulf War . Around the dome are another four minarets , each in the shape of a Scud missile on its launchpad standing 37 m high . The dome is set in the middle of a lake in the shape of the Arab world , in which was set a 7.5 m wide mosaic representation of Saddam 's thumbprint with an inset magnified version of his initials , made from gold . The mosque was formerly used to display a Qur ` an written in Saddam 's blood . The 28 fountains of the lake , the four inner minarets and the 37 m height of each minaret together represent the date of Saddam 's birth - 28 April 1937 . The building is constructed from white limestone with blue mosaic decorations , and red , white and black Iraqi flags are painted on the peaks of the inner minarets . Following the fall of Saddam Hussein in the aftermath of the 2003 invasion of Iraq , the mosque was taken over by a Sunni group called the Association of Muslim Scholars . It became a recruiting site and propaganda centre for the early Iraqi insurgency . The association became a de facto Al Qaeda ally ; its leader Harith Suleiman al-Dhari , who operated out of the mosque , is said to have played a key role in mobilizing insurgents during the 2004 fighting in Fallujah , west of Baghdad . In 2007 , the association was expelled by the Sunni Endowment , a quasi-governmental agency responsible for Sunni mosques in Iraq , which took control of Umm al-Qura . On 28 August 2011 , the mosque was attacked by a suicide bomber during prayers , killing at least 28 people and injuring 30 more . An Iraqi member of parliament was among the dead .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7f1c32e6ec70ac8f16a8305c9ad8da0b", "text": "Second International Islamic Unity Conference From August 2 through the 4th , 1996 , some 7,000 attendees and over 125 speakers from around the globe attended a three-day marathon of lectures , parallel workshop sessions , prayer , praise of Muhammad and Islamic social interaction . Officially known as the International Islamic Unity Conference , it started off with a press session on Friday morning and ended with a parade through downtown Los Angeles on Sunday evening . Attendees praised the organizers for an excellent , though intense schedule of speeches by muftis , Islamic scholars , international political leaders , American political figures and an array of interfaith events . Chaired by Shaykh Muhammad Hisham Kabbani , the conference was sponsored by As-Sunnah Foundation of America , the Naqshbandi Haqqani Sufi Order and by a number of other charitable and religious organizations . Many felt the conference organization was exemplary , the facilities at the Los Angeles ' Westin Bonaventure Hotel excellent and the wide variety of cultural food and Islamic entertainment very apropos for such an international event . The many San Francisco Bay Area attendees were happy to find a number of prominent local Islamic activists featured , as well as those from national ISNA , IQRA , MPAC and other national Islamic organizations well represented . The spirit of unity was especially apparent at the `` Peace in the Streets '' session , where about 20 former gang leaders , along with the popular rap star MC Hammer , took shahada with Shaykh Nazim al-Qubrusi , Grand-mufti of Cyprus and worldwide leader of the Naqshbandi Haqqani Sufi Order . Attendees were treated to sessions on politics , importance of schools of thought , purification of the heart , establishing Islamic economic power , educational curriculum initiative and many other subjects , discussed from the main podium as well as in intimate workshops where speakers and attendees were able to express their views . A major event occurred on Saturday night , with the launching of the International Day of the Orphan , which is expected , given the sponsorship of California 's Assembly , and endorsement by a number of international organizations , to become a globally sponsored day for recalling the plight of orphans and children in difficulty .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd60639cf3dbd109f04c1ecdfe6c5645", "text": "Muhammad's wives Muhammad 's wives or Wives of Muhammad were the eleven women ( not including his two concubines ) married to the Islamic prophet Muhammad . Muslims refer to them as Mothers of the Believers ( Arabic : أمهات المؤمنين Ummahāt al-Muʾminīn ) . Muslims use the term prominently before or after referring to them as a sign of respect . The term is derived from : Muhammad 's life is traditionally delineated as two epochs : pre-hijra ( emigration ) in Mecca , a city in western Arabia , from the year 570 to 622 , and post-hijra in Medina , from 622 until his death in 632 . All but two of his marriages were contracted after the Hijra ( migration to Medina ) . Of Muhammad 's thirteen `` wives '' , at least two , Rayhana bint Zayd and Maria al-Qibtiyya , were actually only concubines ; however , there is debate among Muslims as to whether these two became his wives . Of his thirteen wives and/or concubines only two bore him children , a fact which has been described as `` curious '' by Cornell University Professor of Near Eastern Studies David S. Powers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "25e43d9cad776448f730882889e34bf9", "text": "Quartier Pigalle Pigalle ( -LSB- pi.ɡal -RSB- ) is an area in Paris around the Place Pigalle , on the border between the 9th and the 18th arrondissements . It is named after the sculptor Jean-Baptiste Pigalle ( 1714 -- 1785 ) . Pigalle is famous for being a tourist district , with many sex shops , theatres and adult shows on Place Pigalle and the main boulevards . The neighbourhood 's raunchy reputation led to its Second World War nickname of `` Pig Alley '' by Allied soldiers . The Divan du Monde and the Moulin Rouge , a world-famous cabaret , are both located in Pigalle . The area to the south of Place Pigalle is devoted to the retail of musical instruments and equipment , especially for popular music . A section of the rue de Douai consists solely of stores selling guitars , drums and musical accessories . Henri Toulouse-Lautrec 's studio was here . Artists such as Pablo Picasso , Vincent van Gogh and Maurice Neumont also once lived here as did Andre Breton , and in 1928 Josephine Baker opened her first night club next door to Breton 's apartment . The works of artist Salvador Dalí can be seen at the nearby Espace Dalí . It was also the home of the Grand Guignol theatre , which closed in 1962 . However , the theatre itself still stands . The Musée de l'érotisme ( Museum of Eroticism ) can also be found here . Pigalle is well known to tourists who want to experience `` Paris by night '' . It is home to some of Paris ' most famous cabarets ( the Moulin Rouge , for instance , was immortalised by artist Toulouse-Lautrec as well as Hollywood ) , as well as topless and nude shows . Pigalle is one end-point of the Montmartrobus ( a public bus serving the area ) , or you can get to the Place Pigalle by taking the Métro to the Pigalle stop . American-born jazz singer Adelaide Hall lived in Pigalle in 1937 -- 1938 and opened her nightclub La Grosse Pomme ( `` the Big Apple '' ) at 73 Rue Pigalle . Other nightclubs in Rue Pigalle during the late 1930s included the Moon Rousse and Caravan where Django Reinhardt played .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a2fa77cd7b886793441810f31015e50d", "text": "Panthéon-Assas University -RCB- -RCB- Panthéon-Assas University ( Université Panthéon-Assas -LSB- ynivɛʁsite pɑ̃teɔ̃ asas -RSB- , also referred to as `` Assas '' -LSB- asas -RSB- , `` Paris II '' -LSB- paʁi dø -RSB- , or `` Sorbonne Law School '' ) is a public university in Paris , France . Heir of the faculty of law and economics of the University of Paris ( La Sorbonne ) , it was established as its successor when the world 's second oldest academic institution was divided into autonomous universities in 1970 . It is a member of the alliance Sorbonne University . Panthéon-Assas University is ranked first in France in law by Eduniversal and is renowned for excellence in Law . '' Since its founding , it has produced two presidents including former French president François Hollande , four prime ministers and the holders of thirty-seven other ministerships in France and around the world . Forty alumni of the university have been members of various parliaments as well . The majority of the nineteen campuses of Panthéon-Assas are located in the Latin Quarter , with the main campus on place du Panthéon . The university is composed of four departments specializing in law , economics , public and private management , and political science , and hosts twenty-four research centres and five specialized doctoral schools . Every year , the university enrolls approximately 18,000 students , including 3,000 international students .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "398c911d17a37175a37d2578e190ff62", "text": "Hilya The term hilya ( Arabic حلية ( plural : ḥilan , ḥulan ) , hilye ( plural : hilyeler ) denotes a religious genre of Ottoman Turkish literature , dealing with the physical description of Muhammad . Hilya literally means `` ornament '' . They originate with the discipline of shama'il , the study of Muhammad 's appearance and character , based on hadith accounts , most notably Tirmidhi 's al-Shama ` il al-Muhamadiyyah wa al-Khasa ` il al-Mustafawiyyah ( `` The Sublime Characteristics of Muhammad '' ) . In Ottoman-era folk Islam , there was a belief that reading and possessing Muhammad 's description protects the person from trouble in this world and the next , it became customary to carry such descriptions , rendered in fine calligraphy and illuminated , as amulets . In 17th-century Ottoman Turkey , hilyes developed into an art form with a standard layout , often framed and used as a wall decoration . Later hilyes were also written for the first four Caliphs , the companions of Muhammad , Muhammad 's grandchildren ( Hasan and Hussein ) and Islamic saints ( walis ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "042dffdfa5cf1f0b3ed47b6b31177f5e", "text": "Church of Saint-Sulpice, Paris Saint-Sulpice ( -LSB- sɛ̃sylpis -RSB- ) is a Roman Catholic church in Paris , France , on the east side of the Place Saint-Sulpice within the rue Bonaparte , in the Odéon Quarter of the 6th arrondissement . At 113 metres long , 58 metres in width and 34 metres tall , it is only slightly smaller than Notre-Dame and thus the second largest church in the city . It is dedicated to Sulpitius the Pious . Construction of the present building , the second church on the site , began in 1646 . During the 18th century , an elaborate gnomon , the Gnomon of Saint-Sulpice , was constructed in the church .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2b6ba20213f3da53bb814d8bce5411ab", "text": "Tuileries Palace The Tuileries Palace ( Palais des Tuileries , -LSB- palɛ de tɥilʁi -RSB- ) was a royal and imperial palace in Paris which stood on the right bank of the River Seine . It was the usual Parisian residence of most French monarchs , from Henry IV to Napoleon III , until it was burned by the Paris Commune in 1871 . Built in 1564 , it was gradually extended until it closed off the western end of the Louvre courtyard and displayed an immense façade of 266 metres . Since the destruction of the Tuileries , the Louvre courtyard has remained open and the site is now the location of the eastern end of the Tuileries Garden , forming an elevated terrace between the Place du Carrousel and the gardens proper .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3055a3ee0e9a3c478675e2aabd192dac", "text": "Al-Baqi Jannat al-Baqi ` ( -LSB- جنة البقيع , Jannat al-Baqī ` , lit = Garden of Baqi -RSB- ) is a cemetery in Medina , present-day Saudi Arabia , located to the southeast of the Masjid al-Nabawi ( The Prophet 's Mosque ) . The mosque is built where the Islamic prophet Muhammad used to live , and is currently buried . It is also known as Baqi al-Gharqad , which means `` Baqi of the Boxthorn '' . The cemetery holds much significance . It contains many of Muhammad 's relatives and companions . Many traditions relate Muhammad issuing a prayer every time he passed it . A Jewish graveyard was once located behind Jannat al-Baqi . The Umayyad rulers took down the wall of the Jewish cemetery and widened the Muslim graveyard to enclose the tomb of Caliph Uthman ibn Affan within it .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "81ca2b2e1492f0b8110f12654703a993", "text": "Paris Commune (French Revolution) The Paris Commune during the French Revolution was the government of Paris from 1792 until 1795 . Established in the Hôtel de Ville just after the storming of the Bastille , it consisted of 144 delegates elected by the 48 divisions of the city . The Paris Commune became insurrectionary in the summer of 1792 , essentially refusing to take orders from the central French government . It took charge of routine civic functions but is best known for mobilizing extreme views and actions among the people and for its campaign to dechristianize the churches and the people . It lost much power in 1794 and was replaced in 1795 . The first mayor was Jean Sylvain Bailly ; he was succeeded on November 1791 by Pétion de Villeneuve after Bailly 's unpopular use of the National Guard to disperse a riotous assembly in the Champ de Mars ( 17 July 1791 ) . In 1792 , the Commune was dominated by those Jacobins who were not in the Legislative Assembly due to the Self-Denying Ordinance . On the night of 9 August 1792 a new revolutionary Commune , led by Georges Danton , Camille Desmoulins and Jacques Hébert took possession of the Hôtel de Ville ; the next day insurgents assailed the Tuileries , where the royal family resided . During the ensuing constitutional crisis , the collapsing Legislative Assembly of France was heavily dependent on the Commune for the effective power that allowed it to continue to function as a legislature . The all-powerful Commune demanded custody of the royal family , imprisoning them in the Temple fortress . A list of `` opponents of the Revolution '' was drawn up , the gates to the city were sealed , and on 28 August the citizens were subjected to domiciliary visits , ostensibly in a search for muskets . It was not until 1792 that the government had a formal cabinet in place , with the appointment of the Ministers of the French National Convention and the decision of the Commissioners of the Committee of Public Safety in 1794 to take charge of administrative departments . The government of the republic was succeeded by the French Directory in November 1795 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c28198f8ef9a08690191fe970aba20d8", "text": "Ali Ali ( -LSB- ˈɑːli , _ ɑːˈliː -RSB- -LSB- علي , ʿAlī -RSB- , -LSB- ʕaliː -RSB- ; 15 September 601 -- 29 January 661 ) was the cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad , the prophet of Islam . He ruled over the Caliphate from 656 to 661 , and was Imam of Shia Islam from 632 to 661 . Born to Abu Talib and Fatimah bint Asad , ` Ali was the only person born in the sacred sanctuary of the Ka ` bah in Mecca , the holiest place in Islam , according to many classical Islamic sources , especially Shia ones . ` Ali was the first young male who accepted Islam . After migrating to Medina , he married Muhammad 's daughter Fatimah . Ali took part in the early caravan raids from Mecca and later in almost all the battles fought by the nascent Muslim community . He was appointed caliph by Muhammad 's Companions ( Sahaba ) in 656 , after Caliph Uthman ibn Affan was assassinated . ` Ali 's reign saw civil wars and in 661 , he was attacked and assassinated by a Kharijite while praying in the Great Mosque of Kufa , dying two days later . ` Ali is important to various Sunni and Shi`ite denominations politically , legislatively and spiritually . The numerous biographical sources about Ali are often biased due to sectarianism , but they agree that he was a pious Muslim , devoted to the cause of Islam and a just ruler in accordance with the Qur ' an and the Sunnah . While Sunnis consider Ali the fourth and final of the Rashidun ( rightly guided ) caliphs , Shi`ites regard ` Ali as the first Imam after Muhammad due to their interpretation of the events at Ghadir Khumm . Shias also believe that ` Ali and the other Shi`ite Imams ( all of whom are members of the Ahl al-Bayt , Muhammad 's household ) are the rightful successors to Muhammad . This disagreement split the Ummah ( Muslim community ) into the Sunni and Shia branches .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "10dfaad496403db2cc2a0d0be58a2ca0", "text": "Moses in Islam Mûsâ al ibn Amram ( -LSB- ٰمُوسَى , Mūsa -RSB- ) known as Moses in the Hebrew Bible , considered a prophet , messenger , and leader in Islam , is the most frequently mentioned individual in the Quran . In Islamic tradition , instead of introducing a new religion , Musa is regarded by Muslims as teaching and practicing the religion of his predecessors and confirming the scriptures and prophets before him . The Quran states that Moses was sent by God to the Pharaoh of Egypt and the Israelites for guidance and warning . Moses is mentioned more in the Quran than any other individual , and his life is narrated and recounted more than that of any other prophet . According to Islam , all Muslims must have faith in every prophet ( nabi ) and messenger ( rasul ) which includes Moses and his brother Aaron ( Harun ) . The Quran states : Moses is considered to be a prophetic predecessor to Muhammad . Generally attributed the tale of Moses as a spiritual parallel to the life of Muhammad , considering many aspects of their lives to be shared . Islamic literature also describes a parallel between their believers and the incidents which occurred in their lifetimes . The exodus of the Israelites from Egypt is considered similar to the migration ( hijra ) made by the followers of Muhammad . Moses ( Musa ) is also very important in Islam for having been given the revelation of the Torah , which is considered to be one of the true revealed scriptures in Muslim theology , and Muslims generally hold that much of the Torah is confirmed and repeated in the Qur ` an . Moreover , according to Islamic tradition , Moses was one of the many prophets Muhammad met in the event of the Mi ` raj , when he ascended through the seven heavens . In Muslim belief , Moses is regarded as having urged Muhammad during his Mi ` raj to reduce the number of prayers until they were only five remaining , which are regarded as being the five obligatory prayers . Moses is further revered in Islamic literature , which expands upon the incidents of his life and the miracles attributed to him in the Qur ` an and hadith , such as his direct conversation with God .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "39ea9c7a6519e8764b8ce6f6a559f886", "text": "France France ( -LSB- fʁɑ̃s -RSB- ) , officially the French Republic ( -LSB- ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛz -RSB- ) , is a country with territory in western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . The European , or metropolitan , area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . Overseas France include French Guiana on the South American continent and several island territories in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . France spans 643801 km2 and had a total population of almost 67 million people as of January 2017 . It is a unitary semi-presidential republic with the capital in Paris , the country 's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban centres include Marseille , Lyon , Lille , Nice , Toulouse and Bordeaux . During the Iron Age , what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls , a Celtic people . The area was annexed in 51 BC by Rome , which held Gaul until 486 , when the Germanic Franks conquered the region and formed the Kingdom of France . France emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages , with its victory in the Hundred Years ' War ( 1337 to 1453 ) strengthening state-building and political centralisation . During the Renaissance , French culture flourished and a global colonial empire was established , which by the 20th century would be the second largest in the world . The 16th century was dominated by religious civil wars between Catholics and Protestants ( Huguenots ) . France became Europe 's dominant cultural , political , and military power under Louis XIV . In the late 18th century , the French Revolution overthrew the absolute monarchy , established one of modern history 's earliest republics , and saw the drafting of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen , which expresses the nation 's ideals to this day . In the 19th century Napoleon took power and established the First French Empire , whose subsequent Napoleonic Wars shaped the course of continental Europe . Following the collapse of the Empire , France endured a tumultuous succession of governments culminating with the establishment of the French Third Republic in 1870 . France was a major participant in the First World War , from which it emerged victorious , and was one of the Allied Powers in the Second World War , but came under occupation by the Axis Powers in 1940 . Following liberation in 1944 , a Fourth Republic was established and later dissolved in the course of the Algerian War . The Fifth Republic , led by Charles de Gaulle , was formed in 1958 and remains to this day . Algeria and nearly all the other colonies became independent in the 1960s and typically retained close economic and military connections with France . France has long been a global centre of art , science , and philosophy . It hosts Europe 's fourth-largest number of cultural UNESCO World Heritage Sites and receives around 83 million foreign tourists annually , the most of any country in the world . France is a developed country with the world 's sixth-largest economy by nominal GDP and ninth-largest by purchasing power parity . In terms of aggregate household wealth , it ranks fourth in the world . France performs well in international rankings of education , health care , life expectancy , and human development . France remains a great power in the world , being one of the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council with the power to veto and an official nuclear-weapon state . It is a leading member state of the European Union and the Eurozone . It is also a member of the Group of 7 , North Atlantic Treaty Organization ( NATO ) , Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ( OECD ) , the World Trade Organization ( WTO ) , and La Francophonie .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e1a7a9f91ae5bc525c157a80bdc00a63", "text": "Palais des Papes The Palais des Papes ( English : Papal palace , lo Palais dei Papas in Occitan ) is a historical palace in Avignon , southern France , one of the largest and most important medieval Gothic buildings in Europe . Once a fortress and palace , the papal residence was the seat of Western Christianity during the 14th century . Six papal conclaves were held in the Palais , leading to the elections of Benedict XII in 1334 , Clement VI in 1342 , Innocent VI in 1352 , Urban V in 1362 , Gregory XI in 1370 and Antipope Benedict XIII in 1394 . The Palais is actually two joined buildings : the old palais of Benedict XII , which sits on the impregnable rock of Doms , and the new palais of Clement VI , the most extravagant of the Avignon popes . Together they form the largest Gothic building of the Middle Ages , it is also one of the best examples of the International Gothic architectural style . The construction design was the work of two of France 's best architects , Pierre Peysson and Jean du Louvres and the lavish ornamentation was the work of two of the best students of the School of Siena ( Italy ) , Simone Martini and Matteo Giovanetti . In addition , the papal library housed in the Palais ( the largest in Europe at the time with over 2,000 volumes ) , attracted a group of clerics passionate in the study of `` belle-lettres '' , amongst them the founder of Humanism , Petrarch . At the same time , composers , singers and musicians were drawn to the Great Chapel of the Palais . It was there that Clement VI appreciated the Mass of Notre-Dame of Guillaume de Machaut , there that Philippe de Vitry at the pope 's invitation presented his Ars Nova and there that Johannes Ciconia came to study . Due to its immense size , the Palais was also the place where the general organisation of the Church began to change . It facilitated the centralisation of services and the adaption of operations in order to suit the needs of the papacy , creating a truly central administration for the Church . The manpower of the Curia ( Church administration ) , while 200 at the end of the 13th century , surpassed 300 at the beginning of the 14th century and reached 500 people in 1316 . To this were added over 1,000 lay officials working within the Palais . Despite this , the Palais became obsolete when the papacy found it necessary to return to Rome . The hope of reuniting Latin and Orthodox Christians , along with the achievement of peace in the Papal States in Italy , made the case of returning stronger . Added to that was the strong conviction of both Urban V and Gregory XI that the seat of the papacy could only be the tomb of St Peter . Despite strong opposition from the Court of France and the College of Cardinals , both popes found the means to return to Rome , the first , on 30 April 1362 , the second on 13 September 1370 . This time , the return was absolute . In the following centuries , the Palais lost all of its former glory , despite it serving as the seat of two anti-popes and many cardinals . It retained , however , a `` work of destruction '' aspect that French poets and writers such as Charles Forbes René de Montalembert have referred to over the centuries , with its powerful sense of beauty , simplicity , grandeur and immortality . Since 1995 , the Palais des Papes has been classified , along with the historic center of Avignon , as a UNESCO World Heritage Site , under cultural criteria i , ii and iv .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d38fef0cd1a1caad6d4fd76f6ff4be9c", "text": "Lyon Lyon ( -LSB- liːˈɒn -RSB- or -LSB- ˈliːɒn -RSB- -LSB- ljɔ̃ -RSB- , locally : -LSB- lijɔ̃ -RSB- Liyon -LSB- - frpʎjɔ̃ -RSB- ) is a city in east-central France , in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region , about 470 km from Paris , 320 km from Marseille and 55 km from Saint-Etienne . Inhabitants of the city are called Lyonnais . Lyon had a population of 506,615 in 2014 and is France 's third-largest city after Paris and Marseille . Lyon is the capital of the Metropolis of Lyon and the region of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes . The metropolitan area of Lyon had a population of 2,237,676 in 2013 , the second-largest in France after Paris . The city is known for its cuisine and gastronomy and historical and architectural landmarks and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site . Lyon was historically an important area for the production and weaving of silk . It played a significant role in the history of cinema : Auguste and Louis Lumière invented the cinematographe in Lyon . The city is also known for its famous light festival , Fête des Lumières , which occurs every 8 December and lasts for four days , earning Lyon the title of Capital of Lights . Economically , Lyon is a major centre for banking , as well as for the chemical , pharmaceutical , and biotech industries . The city contains a significant software industry with a particular focus on video games , and in recent years has fostered a growing local start-up sector . Lyon hosts the international headquarters of Interpol , Euronews , and International Agency for Research on Cancer . Lyon was ranked 19th globally and second in France for innovation in 2014 . It ranked second in France and 39th globally in Mercer 's 2015 liveability rankings .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "444feb55c3580151e51faf9c568daffa", "text": "Abd-ar-Rahman III Abd-ar-Rahman III ( ′ Abd ar-Rahmān ibn Muhammad ibn ′ Abd Allāh ibn Muhammad ibn ′ abd ar-Rahman ibn al-Hakam ar-Rabdi ibn Hisham ibn ′ abd ar-Rahman ad-Dakhil ; عبد الرحمن الثالث 11 January 889/9115 October 961 ) was the Emir and Caliph of Córdoba ( 912 -- 961 ) of the Umayyad dynasty in al-Andalus . Called al-Nasir li-Din Allah ( `` the Defender of God 's Faith '' ) , he ascended the throne in his early 20s , and reigned for half a century as the most powerful prince of Iberia . Although people of all creeds enjoyed tolerance and freedom of religion under his rule , he repelled the Fatimids , partly by supporting their Maghrawa enemies in North Africa , and partly by claiming the title Caliph ( ruler of the Islamic world ) for himself .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bfcfbe12f97e0c12d5843602f105d026", "text": "Place Saint-Paul Officially , there is no such place as the Place Saint-Paul in Paris . Nonetheless , to the citizens of this 4th-arrondissement neighborhood , the Place Saint-Paul is a real place near the Saint-Paul metro station and the Saint-Paul-Saint-Louis church . Here , almost in front of the church 's north-facing doors , the Rue Saint-Antoine meets the Rue de Rivoli at a narrow angle , forming a triangular island to the west of the intersection where there are trees , benches , kiosks , an entrance to the Saint-Paul metro station , a carousel for children , etc. . Unofficially , this sliver of ground in the middle of traffic is the Place Saint-Paul , but most local people will tell you that the Place Saint-Paul extends a few tens of metres into the neighboring streets as well . Perhaps a workable definition might be : the Place Saint-Paul is any place where either the Saint-Paul-Saint-Louis church or an entrance to the Saint-Paul metro station is within sight . If so , then the portions of the streets closest to the Rivoli/Saint-Antoine intersection would be included : Rue Saint-Paul , Rue de Turenne , Rue de Sévigné , Rue Malher , Rue du Roi de Sicile , Rue Pavée , Rue Francois Miron , Rue de Fourcy , and Rue de Prévôt . Both the `` square '' and the metro station take their names from the local church , the Church of Saint-Paul and Saint-Louis . The area is also called `` Métro Saint-Paul '' . A hotel nearby , perhaps acknowledging the unofficial nature of the `` Place Saint-Paul '' name , calls itself `` Hôtel de la Pointe Rivoli '' . The triangular area described above , planted with two rows of trees , has existed since the extension of the Rue de Rivoli from the ancient Place du Marché-Saint-Jean , which is known today as the Place du Bourg-Tibourg , to the Rue Saint-Antoine undertaken by Baron Haussmann in 1854 . As for the metro station , it was among the stops on the first section of Line 1 of the metro system , which opened on 19 July 1900 , as part of a new service operating between Porte Maillot and the Porte de Vincennes . There are old postcards that have pictures that clearly represent places in the Place Saint-Paul area , yet they are captioned Place des Juifs ( Plaza of the Jews ) . The neighboring Jewish quarter ( Rue des Rosiers , Rue Ferdinand-Duval , etc. ) is called the Pletzl , ( פלעצל , `` little place '' in Yiddish . ) The `` little place '' , which lent its name to an entire neighborhood , is also often identified as the `` Place Saint-Paul '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "19e6a66cff4b30862980ae910db2e8c0", "text": "Mohammad Temim Mohammad Temim , also Haji Mohammad Temim ( French : Aggi Mohamed ) was an ambassador of the Moroccan king Mulay Ismail to France . Mohammad Temim was accompanied by Ali Manino , as well as six other ambassadorial members . They visited Paris in 1682 . He was able to explore many aspects of French intellectual and artistic life . He attended a performance of Lully 's Atys . He also visited Notre-Dame de Paris where he attended an organ performance . Mohammad Temin showed great interest in arts and sciences . Upon his return , he received beautiful farewell gifts from Louis XIV . Another Moroccan ambassador Abdallah bin Aisha would visit France in 1699-1700 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e284034766efa9475af6de91f45e3324", "text": "Maghrebis in France Maghrebis in France or French Maghrebis are immigrants from Maghreb countries ( mainly Algeria , Morocco , Tunisia ) in France . The term may also refer to French-born persons who have Maghrebi parents or who have Maghrebi ancestral background . The term includes all ethnicities from the Maghreb living in France ( Arabs and Berbers ) .", "title": "" } ]
fever
cd35ceeeb67e5890e903ddedbc28dd2f
Short Term 12 is exclusively a novel.
[ { "docid": "2079650f2405acd4dbc844a4e257bacb", "text": "Short Term 12 Short Term 12 is a 2013 American drama film written and directed by Destin Daniel Cretton . The film is based on Cretton 's short film of the same name , produced in 2009 . It stars Brie Larson as Grace , the supervisor of a group home for troubled teenagers . Cretton was inspired to write Short Term 12 based on his own experience of working in a group facility for teenagers . He first wrote and produced a short film based on the idea and later adapted it into a feature-length screenplay . While Larson and John Gallagher , Jr. won their roles after auditioning through Skype , most of the children featured in the film were cast through open casting calls . Filming took place over 20 days in Los Angeles , California in September 2012 . Short Term 12 premiered on March 10 , 2013 at the South by Southwest film festival and was released in theaters on August 23 , 2013 . It grossed $ 2 million and was met with critical acclaim . Reviewers praised the film 's realism and intimacy , drawing particular attention to Larson 's performance and Cretton 's direction . The film won South by Southwest 's Grand Jury and Audience Awards for a Narrative Feature , as well as earning three Independent Spirit Award nominations .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "b7c969901535d7636f0b88cadfcde3f3", "text": "Speculative fiction Speculative fiction is an umbrella genre encompassing narrative fiction with supernatural or futuristic elements . This includes the genres science fiction , fantasy , horror and supernatural fiction , as well as their combinations . The broader usage of the term is attributed to Robert Heinlein , who referenced it in 1947 in an editorial essay , although there are prior mentions of speculative fiction or its variant `` speculative literature '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "589d9f7a6afc3708d11fad4583bbc0b0", "text": "Utopian and dystopian fiction The utopia and its derivative , the dystopia , are genres of literature that explore social and political structures . Utopian fiction portrays a setting that agrees with the author 's ethos , having various attributes of another reality intended to appeal to readers . Dystopian ( or dystopic ) fiction ( sometimes combined with , but distinct from apocalyptic literature ) is the opposite : the portrayal of a setting that completely disagrees with the author 's ethos . Many novels combine both , often as a metaphor for the different directions humanity can take , depending on its choices , ending up with one of two possible futures . Both utopias and dystopias are commonly found in science fiction and other speculative fiction genres , and arguably are by definition a type of speculative fiction . More than 400 utopian works were published prior to the year 1900 in the English language alone , with more than a thousand others during the twentieth century .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7c8e1fc662b1422eccb760892cba6be7", "text": "The Kill Order The Kill Order is a 2012 young adult dystopian science fiction novel written by American author James Dashner and published on August 14 , 2012 by Delacorte Press . It is the first prequel book in The Maze Runner series and the fourth installment overall . The book is set prior to the events of The Fever Code and 13 years before The Maze Runner book .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da321c0d37dd34d064a313286ff15be8", "text": "List of The New York Times Manga Best Sellers The New York Times Best Seller list for manga published in the United States was introduced on March 5 , 2009 , along with two additional lists for hardcover and paperback graphic novels . The three lists are grouped under the `` Graphic Books '' category . Deborah Hoffman , an editor for the Best Seller lists , explained that the term `` Graphic Books '' was selected to create an `` inclusive and expansive '' list which can extend to works of both fiction and non-fiction . Journalist George Gustines announced , in his introduction of the new lists , `` Comics have finally joined the mainstream . '' The announcement was made the week the film Watchmen , based on the comic book of the same name , was released in movie theaters throughout the U.S. . The Best Seller lists are printed weekly in The New York Times Book Review magazine , which is published in the Sunday edition of The New York Times and as a stand-alone publication . Gustines explained the methodology used to determine the rankings : Rankings reflect sales of graphic novels -LSB- ... -RSB- at many thousands of venues where a wide range of books are sold nationwide . These include hundreds of independent book retailers ( statistically weighted to represent all such outlets ) ; national , regional and local chains ; online and multimedia entertainment retailers ; university , gift , supermarket , discount department stores and newsstands . In addition , these rankings also include unit sales reported by retailers nationwide that specialize in graphic novels and comic books . On multiple occasions , manga have been listed outside its designated list . Mike Kiley , then-Senior Vice President of the publisher Tokyopop , explained in 2010 that it has become more difficult to draw a distinguishing line between works that are manga and manga-inspired , such as Korean manhwa and American original English language ( OEL ) manga . A Drifting Life , an autobiographical manga by Yoshihiro Tatsumi , appeared on the May 3 , 2009 , Best Seller list for paperback graphic novels , where it ranked third . X-Men : Misfits , an original English manga based on the X-Men comic book franchise , ranked fifth at its debut on the August 30 , 2009 , paperback graphic novels list , and stayed on the chart for five consecutive weeks . The first volume of a manhwa adaptation of the popular vampire-themed Twilight novels by Stephenie Meyer remained on the hardcover graphic novels Best Seller list for 27 consecutive weeks in 2010 . In January 2017 , the Times decided to stop producing the separate manga best seller list .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8ce3151429fb8cdd6cf9589aaf3e4972", "text": "Fripp (novel) Fripp is a comedy novel by Miles Tredinnick . It tells the story of a young private investigator , Twyford Fripp , taking on his very first case in attempting to track down the missing wife of a Rear Admiral . It was first published in 2001 and a Kindle ebook version was released in 2011 . Fripp is the author 's first novel .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "07d32bf352d5cab135ba2c164601ac3c", "text": "Waverley Novels The Waverley Novels is a long series of novels by Sir Walter Scott ( 1771 -- 1832 ) . For nearly a century , they were among the most popular and widely read novels in all of Europe . Because Scott did not publicly acknowledge authorship until 1827 , the series takes its name from Waverley , the first novel of the series released in 1814 . The later books bore the words `` by the author of Waverley '' on their title pages . The Tales of my Landlord sub-series was not advertised as `` by the author of Waverley '' and thus is not always included as part of the Waverley Novels series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "450f092d7a90e41769f26413aaab37a0", "text": "The Ritual (novel) The Ritual is a 2011 British horror novel by Adam Nevill . The book was first released in the United Kingdom on 7 October 2011 through Pan Macmillan and was released in the United States on 14 February 2012 through Macmillan imprint St. Martin 's Griffin . It is Nevill 's third published novel and was followed by his 2012 work Last Days . The Ritual is the winner of the 2012 August Derleth Award for Best Horror Novel . Film rights were optioned by Stillking Films , before the option was passed to Imaginarium , who currently holds the film and TV rights .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "01eca0127bfb875a4607bf56b67f12e0", "text": "Aurealis Award for best young adult novel The Aurealis Awards are presented annually by the Australia-based Chimaera Publications and WASFF to published works to `` recognise the achievements of Australian science fiction , fantasy , horror writers '' . To qualify , a work must have been first published by an Australian citizen or permanent resident between 1 January and 31 December of the corresponding year ; the presentation ceremony is held the following year . It has grown from a small function of around 20 people to a two-day event attended by over 200 people . Since their creation in 1995 , awards have been given in various categories of speculative fiction . Categories currently include science fiction , fantasy , horror , speculative young adult fiction -- with separate awards for novels and short fiction -- collections , anthologies , illustrative works or graphic novels , children 's books , and an award for excellence in speculative fiction . The awards have attracted the attention of publishers by setting down a benchmark in science fiction and fantasy . The continued sponsorship by publishers such as HarperCollins and Orbit has added weight to the honour of the award . The results are decided by a panel of judges from a list of submitted nominees ; the long-list of nominees is reduced to a short-list of finalists . Ties can occur if the panel decides that both entries show equal merit , however they are encouraged to choose a single winner . The judges are selected from a public application process by the Award 's management team . This article lists all the short-list nominees and winners in the best young-adult novel category , as well as novels that have been highly commended . Three people have won the award twice -- Isobelle Carmody , Garth Nix and Scott Westerfeld . Westerfeld holds the record for most nominations with eight , and Rory Barnes has the most nominations without winning , having been a losing finalist five times .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "663ce9de2121d69905a5e02de44c79be", "text": "Novell Novell , Inc. . -LSB- noʊˈvɛl -RSB- was a software and services company headquartered in Provo , Utah . It had been instrumental in making Utah Valley a focus for technology and software development . Novell technology contributed to the emergence of local area networks , which displaced the dominant mainframe computing model and changed computing worldwide . The company was originally an independent corporate entity until it was acquired as a wholly owned subsidiary by The Attachmate Group ; this later was acquired in 2014 by Micro Focus International , of which Novell is now a division .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc522bf97e25c6521ff4dbbf841324c3", "text": "Narrative hook A narrative hook ( or hook ) is a literary technique in the opening of a story that `` hooks '' the reader 's attention so that he or she will keep on reading . The `` opening '' may consist of several paragraphs for a short story , or several pages for a novel , but ideally it is the opening sentence .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "37ff6ce7869b9dc048efb743de3737d4", "text": "Récit Récit is a term for a subgenre of the French novel , describing a work in which the narrative calls attention to itself . Literary critic Roger Shattuck explains , `` During a récit , we are conscious of being at one remove from the action ; the very act of narration interferes and calls attention to itself . '' Examples of the récit include works by Benjamin Constant and Eugene Fromentin , Andre Gide , Maurice Blanchot , and Michel Leiris . According to Shattuck , The discomfort of the narrator in confronting his own effort of composition ( by now it should be apparent that narrator and author become indistinguishable ) has been inherited as one of the principal features of the recit . Critic Geoffrey Hartman describes the récit as `` a confessional narrative , a kind of dramatic monologue in prose ... '' Daniel Just writes of an ambiguity in the nature of the récit : For literary critics , the récit as a category became ... elusive -- at once too broad and too specific . Meaning a `` narrative '' in general , récit has been used as an indefinite notion embracing many prose genres , to the point when it ceases to be clear if it does not coincide with narrative literature as such . At the same time , it has also served to identify a stylistic specificity found in the select works of only a few writers . This latter use finds perhaps its most exemplary illustrations in André Gide 's L'Immoraliste and Albert Camus 's La Chute . Gide , in particular , was quite meticulous in differentiating between his novels and their complex view of life , and his récits that portray life from a single perspective . Blanchot 's insistence on the difference between the novel and the récit is equally scrupulous , but for other reasons . His emphasis on a strong generic meaning of the term récit -- which is evident in spite of the semantic overload this notion sometimes undergoes in his theoretical texts -- has nothing to do with the number of points of view represented in the story . For Blanchot , the récit is a distinct literary form whose uniqueness resides in its not merely stylistic but `` essential '' difference from the genre of the novel . Maurice Blanchot describes the récit as follows : If we regard the récit as the true telling of an exceptional event which has taken place and which someone is trying to report , then we have not even come close to sensing the true nature of the récit . The récit is not the narration of an event , but the event itself , the approach to that event , the place where that event is made to happen-an event which is yet to come and through whose power of attraction the récit can come into being , too .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "814fedee048baf4117bdd69918210f71", "text": "A Maggot A Maggot ( 1985 ) is a novel by British author John Fowles . It is Fowles ' sixth major novel , following The Collector , The Magus , The French Lieutenant 's Woman , Daniel Martin , and Mantissa . Its title , as the author explains in the prologue , is taken from the archaic sense of the word that means `` whim '' , `` quirk '' , `` obsession '' , or even a snatch of music ( see earworm ) . Another meaning of the word `` maggot '' becomes apparent later in the novel , used by a character to describe a white , oblong machine that appears to be a spacecraft . Though the author denied that A Maggot is a historical novel , it does take place during a precise historical timeframe , May 1736 to February 1737 , in England . It might be variously classified as historical fiction , mystery , or science fiction . Because of the narrative style and various metafictional devices , most critics classify it as a postmodern novel .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "66f979de939b37a21a563cc5c6bfe3ed", "text": "O: A Presidential Novel O : A Presidential Novel is a fiction book by an anonymous author ( speculated to be John McCain 's 2008 senior campaign advisor , Mark Salter ) about the 2012 U.S. presidential race . It was released on January 25 , 2011 . The marketing strategy for the book has been compared to the 1996 roman à clef , Primary Colors : A Novel of Politics , which was also initially ascribed to an anonymous author . Its stated objective is to `` offer some resonant truths about what President Obama is really thinking '' . As part of its pre-publication publicity , Simon & Schuster sent an e-mail to numerous writers and journalists asking them to decline to comment if they are asked whether they are the anonymous author . The publisher has said that the author `` has been in the room with Barack Obama '' , prompting speculation on whether he or she is a political reporter , an administration insider , or a Democratic Party strategist . The New York Times remarked , however , that `` much of what passes for inside knowledge in these pages would be known to anyone who 's read a bunch of campaign accounts '' . Shortly after the book was published , Mark Halperin of Time reported that his sources had confirmed the author is McCain aide Mark Salter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "725bc145260ef397d12a4aa760c85af6", "text": "Company (short story) Company is a short novel by Samuel Beckett , written in English and published by John Calder in 1979 . It was translated into French by the author and published by Les Éditions de Minuit in 1980 . Together with Ill Seen Ill Said and Worstward Ho , it was collected in the volume Nohow On in 1989 . It is one of Beckett 's ' `` closed space '' stories . Category : Short stories by Samuel Beckett Category :1979 novels Category : Novellas", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9affe046dab904020747d9f5494e22ba", "text": "Theme (narrative) In contemporary literary studies , a theme is the central topic a text treats . Themes can be divided into two categories : a work 's thematic concept is what readers `` think the work is about '' and its thematic statement being `` what the work says about the subject '' . The most common contemporary understanding of theme is an idea or point that is central to a story , which can often be summed in a single word ( e.g. love , death , betrayal ) . Typical examples of themes of this type are conflict between the individual and society ; coming of age ; humans in conflict with technology ; nostalgia ; and the dangers of unchecked ambition . A theme may be exemplified by the actions , utterances , or thoughts of a character in a novel . An example of this would be the thematic idea of loneliness in John Steinbeck 's Of Mice and Men , wherein many of the characters seem to be lonely . It may differ from the thesis -- the text 's or author 's implied worldview . A story may have several themes . Themes often explore historically common or cross-culturally recognizable ideas , such as ethical questions , and are usually implied rather than stated explicitly . An example of this would be whether one should live a seemingly better life , at the price of giving up parts of one 's humanity , which is a theme in Aldous Huxley 's Brave New World . Along with plot , character , setting , and style , theme is considered one of the components of fiction .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0d5b11a3f7be614394112b10e59cfd76", "text": "Out (novel) is a 1997 Japanese crime novel written by Japanese author Natsuo Kirino and published in English in 2004 . The novel won the 51st Mystery Writers of Japan Award for Best Novel . It is her first novel to be published in the English language . The book is currently published by Vintage , part of Random House , in Britain and has been translated into English by Stephen Snyder . The English translation was nominated for the 2004 Edgar Award for Best Novel . A Japanese film adaptation of Out , directed by Hirayama Hideyuki , was released in 2002 to generally tepid reviews . According to Variety ( on-line edition ) , New Line Cinema has purchased the rights for an American version , to be directed by Nakata Hideo ( Ring , Ring 2 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d28dd78c991c88895223fbe897cf78f0", "text": "William Saroyan International Prize for Writing The William Saroyan International Prize for Writing is a biennial literary award for fiction and nonfiction in the spirit of William Saroyan by emerging writers . It was established by Stanford University Libraries and the William Saroyan Foundation to `` encourage new or emerging writers rather than recognize established literary figures ; '' the prize being $ 12,500 . The Saroyan Prize was first awarded in 2003 for `` newly published works of fiction including novels , short stories , dramas or memoirs . '' Starting with the second round of awards in 2005 , separate awards have been given for fiction and nonfiction . With the exception of a three year gap between the second and third rounds of awards , the prize has been awarded every two years since it was established .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "98ebb8647c30f2321ce84ddd31c8f350", "text": "The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 1963 This is a list of adult fiction books that topped The New York Times Fiction Best Seller list in 1963 . The list is notable for being blank for part of the winter as the New York Times , like many other newspapers in the city , worked its way through a major newspaper strike . When the strike ended in March , the political thriller Seven Days in May led the list , having also been at the top at the start of the strike in December 1962 . It lasted there only one week before being overtaken by J.D. Salinger 's second No. 1 bestseller in 18 months , the anthologized novellas , `` Raise High the Roof Beam , Carpenters '' and `` Seymour : An Introduction '' . Salinger 's book led the list for 14 weeks through the spring of 1963 . Daphne du Maurier 's The Glass-Blowers then spent six weeks on the list , followed by Morris West 's novel about the Vatican , The Shoes of the Fisherman ( 14 weeks ) . On October 6 , Shoes gave way to Mary McCarthy 's semi-autobiographical novel The Group , which would spend the next 20 weeks at the top , closing out the year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "38599657796070c540ce962a2896985a", "text": "The Penultimate Truth The Penultimate Truth is a 1964 science fiction novel by American writer Philip K. Dick . The story is set in a future where the bulk of humanity is kept in large underground shelters . The people are told that World War III is being fought above them , when in reality the war ended years ago . The novel is based on Dick 's 1953 short story `` The Defenders '' . Dick also drew upon two other of his short stories for the plot of the novel : `` The Mold of Yancy '' and `` The Unreconstructed M '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "47f5fa4002a53c1ca79be9d9aef4fcc9", "text": "Unintended Consequences (novel) Unintended Consequences is a novel by John Ross , first published in 1996 by Accurate Press . The story chronicles the history of the gun culture , gun rights , and gun control in the United States from the early 1900s through the late 1990s . Although clearly a work of fiction , the story is heavily laced with historical fact , including historical figures who play minor supporting roles . The protagonist is very active in competitive shooting sports , as is the author ; so unusually detailed and intricate facts , figures and explanations of firearms-related topics , ornament the narrative and drive the plot . The cover has a picture of Lady Justice being assaulted by an ATF agent . The book was listed by The New York Times ' Sunday Book Review as one of the most sought after out-of-print books of 2013 .", "title": "" } ]
fever
518a73b713b7a38c2de3581b2f80df66
Allure is a magazine primarily for women.
[ { "docid": "9555b737e24f9e6a1103e34e52c2cf3f", "text": "Allure (magazine) Allure is an American women 's beauty magazine , published monthly by Conde Nast in New York City . It was founded in 1991 by Linda Wells . Michelle Lee replaced Wells in 2015 . A signature of the magazine is its annual Best of Beauty awards -- accolades given in the October issue to beauty products deemed the best by magazine staff .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "d9f39d8f56b29b5f228c72abc359cbb8", "text": "Harvard Magazine Harvard Magazine is an independently edited magazine and separately incorporated affiliate of Harvard University . Aside from The Harvard Crimson , it is the only publication covering the entire University , and also regularly distributed to all graduates , faculty and staff . It was founded in 1898 by alumni for alumni , with the mission of `` keeping alumni of Harvard University connected to the university and to each other '' . One of the founders was the noted print journalist William Morton Fullerton . It has gone through three name changes - the original name was Harvard Bulletin , it was changed in 1910 to Harvard Alumni Bulletin , and in 1973 it got its current name , Harvard Magazine . Harvard Magazine has a circulation of 240,000 among alumni , faculty and staff in the United States ( audited by BPA ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f5f9f917b379ee1d416bfd50f24c0e50", "text": "Transsexual News Telegraph The Transsexual News Telegraph was a quarterly news and topics magazine published in United States from 1991 to 2002 . TNT covers often portrayed Trans Identities or Art and the back covers were usually a piece of graphic art with a thought provoking theme . TNT originally was published as Rites of Passage , the official publication of the New Womens Conference , with Anne Ogborn as the editor . It began as a magazine for the then nascent post op movement . After two issues the magazine came under the editorship of Gail Sondegaard , changed its name to Transsexual News Telegraph , and ceased being officially tied to the New Womens Conference . TNT continued to be published approximately quarterly until 2002 . In 1999 Katharine Collins joined the paper as Art Director . She and Gail Sondegaard continued publishing until 2002 , when publication ceased . The magazine was published in 8 1/2 × 11 format saddle stitched 48 pages over most of its life . After 1998 publication became less frequent and the publication grew thicker . TNT always had a strong anti Neo-colonization medical emphasis , and featured many articles on trans related art and cultural events , reviews of relevant movies , as well as `` News On The March '' , a section of transsexual related news . For a description of TNT content see the commentary following the article at bottom of this page . Never with a very large subscriber base , the magazine had more influence because of its status as a tool for discussions among trans activists during the emergence of the Transgenderism Transgender Rights Movement . In the mid 1990s TNT began organizing issues of the magazine around specific topics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4b861e21a44e0c7a0a8ecbfbf3256339", "text": "Gear (magazine) __ NOTOC __ Gear was an American men 's magazine published by Bob Guccione , Jr. devoted chiefly to revealing pictorials of popular singers , B-movie actresses , and models , along with articles on gadgets , cars , fashion , sex , and sports .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "14936935ac01d1058e99d401feed386f", "text": "Tait's Edinburgh Magazine Tait 's Edinburgh Magazine was a monthly periodical founded in 1832 . It was an important venue for liberal political views , as well as contemporary cultural and literary developments , in early-to-mid-nineteenth century Britain . The magazine was founded by William Tait ( 1792 -- 1864 ) , the son of a builder and an inheritor of a large fortune . Tait was an `` independent radical '' in politics ; he strongly favored the Whig party . 1832 was a time of great political ferment , with the first Reform Bill the dominant subject of discourse . Tait 's periodical was intended as a `` Radical riposte '' to `` the politically revanchist but culturally avant-garde Blackwood 's Edinburgh Magazine . '' Tait 's welcomed many new and unknown writers like Robert Nicoll , as well as established voices like James Henry Leigh Hunt , and figures of future fame like Harriet Martineau and John Stuart Mill . From 1833 on , Tait 's Magazine was a regular venue for the essays of Thomas De Quincey . De Quincey 's series of biographical essays on the Lake Poets ( later collected as Recollections of the Lake Poets ) were featured in Tait 's between 1834 and 1840 . Tait published a range of other selections by De Quincey , including , somewhat surprisingly , `` A Tory 's Account of Toryism , Whiggism and Radicalism '' ( December 1835 , January 1836 ) . That article , however , was supplied with many sarcastic footnotes disagreeing with its points -- `` objecting foot-notes from the pen , presumably , of Tait himself . '' In 1834 Tait 's Magazine was combined with Johnstone 's Edinburgh Magazine , a liberal periodical started two years earlier by husband and wife John Johnstone and Christian Isobel Johnstone . She was an early feminist who wrote extensively for Tait 's in the following years , becoming the magazine 's `` chief contributor and director '' under William Tait himself . Christian Johnstone was `` the first woman to serve as paid editor of a major Victorian periodical , '' to which she brought `` fresh life and popularity . '' In the same year Alexander Bailey Richmond took the magazine 's London agents to court , for reviewing a work calling Richmond a government spy : the defence was successful . Christian Johnstone died in 1857 ; Tait 's Magazine ceased publication in 1861 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1fee72ae7b9514b5ad18b4a4c246c866", "text": "Jackie (magazine) Jackie was a weekly British magazine for girls . The magazine was published by D. C. Thomson & Co. Ltd of Dundee from 11 January 1964 until its closure on 3 July 1993 -- a total of 1534 issues . The name was chosen from a list of girls ' names , although it was nearly dropped due to the association with Jackie Kennedy following her husband 's assassination in 1963 . An urban legend exists that it was named after Jacqueline Wilson who worked there at the time , before she became a notable children 's author . Although the author has attempted to perpetuate this claim , this has been denied by those who were involved in the launch . Ex-RAF Engine Fitter Gordon Small was the first editor . TV critic Nina Myskow was a former editor . Jackie was the best-selling teen magazine in Britain for ten years , with sales rising from an initial 350,000 to 605,947 in 1976 . The best ever selling issue was the 1972 special edition to coincide with the UK tour of American singer David Cassidy . During the 1970s , `` Jackie '' published a mix of fashion and beauty tips , gossip , short stories and comic strips . The latter were usually illustrated with line drawings or posed photographs , especially if the story involved a `` reader 's true life experience '' . Both the comics and the short stories invariably dealt with either romance or family issues . The centre pages of the magazine usually contained a pull-out poster of a popular band or film star . Jackie became very popular with young teenage girls , not least because of the `` Cathy and Claire '' problem page , which received 400 reader letters a week and dealt with controversial issues that were nonetheless relevant to the readership . However , the subjects covered in the column were not reflective of the majority of readers ' letters , which focused on sex-related issues -- DC Thomson as a result kept the editorial brief , but created a series of help leaflets which they sent to letter writers . In 1974 the NHS made the contraceptive pill free on prescription , and so under editor Myskow the magazine introduced a `` Dear Doctor '' column , which covered what were termed as `` below the waist issues '' . Sales declined after the 1970s , and by 1993 circulation had dropped to 50,000 weekly . Deciding not to follow the more sexual and high-fashion orientation of newer teenage magazines , DC Thomson chose to shut the magazine down . It was one of several Thomson papers to close that year . More recently , the company has started issuing every year a historic Jackie annual . BBC Radio invited Jackie Clune to do an epitaph for Jackie and , in 2007 , the BBC produced an hour long programme devoted to the magazine 's 1970s heyday , called Jackie Magazine : A Girl 's Best Friend , with contributions from former readers , writers , staff and publishers . The magazine also inspired a musical .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a9084702100bfe8364bca1e7bde287ec", "text": "First for Women First for Women is a woman 's magazine published by Bauer Media Group in the USA . The magazine was started in 1989 . It is based in Englewood Cliffs , New Jersey . In 2011 the circulation of the magazine was 1,310,696 copies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4b96a7eadae7d14c8c236f8fb3481666", "text": "New York Woman New York Woman was a magazine that blended features on fashion and the arts , literary and humorous essays , and consumer-oriented services pieces such as reviews of restaurants , shops or films . Its target audience was intelligent women living in the New York Metropolitan area . It was launched as a bimonthly by the Esquire Magazine Group Inc. in 1986 . The first issue was published in September-October of that year . The mergers-and-acquisitions specialist Bruce Wasserstein of Wasserstein Perella reportedly brokered the magazine 's sale to American Express Publishing , publisher of Travel + Leisure and Food & Wine . New York Woman '' 's founding publisher was Julie Lewit-Nirenberg , who was later the founding publisher of Mirabella , often referred to as a smart woman 's fashion magazine . Later she was a director of special projects at Conde-Nast . The magazine 's founding editor was Betsy Carter ( who went on to work for O , The Oprah Magazine , Oprah Winfrey 's magazine ) . The French graphic designer Fabien Baron used his creative director position at the magazine as an opportunity to further develop relationships with important clients in the fashion business such as Barneys and Calvin Klein . After leaving New York Woman , Baron continued to earn accolades for his fashion-oriented work in advertising and for magazines such as Harper 's Bazaar . Writers included the playwright Wendy Wasserstein , the Andy Warhol superstar Viva , the sociologist Barbara Ehrenreich , the comedy writer Merrill Markoe , the actress Theresa Meeker and Maureen Orth , who later wrote for Vanity Fair magazine.New York Woman '' ceased publication in 1992 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9c47eb89b0d0e10a2dd0af7543b420ca", "text": "The Female Eunuch The Female Eunuch is a 1970 book by Germaine Greer that became an international bestseller and an important text in the feminist movement . Greer 's thesis is that the `` traditional '' suburban , consumerist , nuclear family represses women sexually , and that this devitalises them , rendering them eunuchs . The book was published in London in October 1970 . It received a mixed reception , but by March 1971 , it had nearly sold out its second printing . It has been translated into eleven languages . A sequel to The Female Eunuch , entitled The Whole Woman , was published in 1999 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bacc555f87e95577f87619ced67ad344", "text": "Esquire (UK Edition) Esquire Magazine ( UK edition ) is a monthly magazine for men owned by the National Magazine Company , a subsidiary of the US-based Hearst Corporation . The first edition was published Spring/Summer 1991 . The magazine features articles on luxe design and culture , food , business and technology , style , music and books . It is pitched at a similarly upscale audience to GQ , attempting to offer a more adult read than lad mags like Maxim and FHM . Each month , Esquire Magazine features famous celebrities on its cover : recent cover girls have included Katy Perry and Rachel Weisz ; and male celebrities from Jeff Bridges and Jake Gyllenhaal to Dizzee Rascal have appeared on the cover . The first cover star was Brigitte Bardot .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "683119452c21a9f2b808130064f0bb81", "text": "The Women's Conference The Women 's Conference ( also known as the California Governor & First Lady 's Conference on Women ) is a nonprofit , nonpartisan US organization and annual forum for women . The event first began in 1986 as a California government initiative for working professionals and women business owners . Since 2004 , The Women 's Conference has become a large event at which people such as the Dalai Lama Tenzin Gyatso , former UK Prime Minister Tony Blair , Oprah Winfrey , Barbara Walters , Jane Fonda , Martha Stewart , Tyra Banks , Sarah , Duchess of York , Tim Russert , Deepak Chopra , Tom Brokaw , Queen Rania of Jordan , Maureen Dowd , Sandra Day O'Connor , Thomas Friedman , Anna Quindlen , and Billie Jean King have spoken . Restructured by Shriver in 2010 , The Women 's Conference reportedly became the `` largest meeting of women in the country '' and a celebration of `` lives and lessons '' . Now known as the California Women 's Conference , its main stage presentations and seminar sessions have addressed personal topics such as work-life balance , service and volunteerism , healthy lifestyles , spirituality and families , professional issues such as professional development , financial planning , entrepreneurialism and communications , as well as social issues like women 's maternal health , global poverty , climate change and emergency preparedness . The event is staged at the Long Beach Convention Center in Long Beach , California , usually in the fall . Every year , substantial portions of the event are made available free through a live streaming webcast at The Women 's Conference 's web site .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e022bc271f1089d1e5d39874fc22bb46", "text": "Listings magazine A listings magazine is a magazine which is largely dedicated to information about the upcoming week 's events such as broadcast programming , music , clubs , theatre and film information . The BBC 's Radio Times was the world 's first listings magazine when it was founded in 1923 to compete with daily newspapers , which had hitherto fulfilled the role . . With the expansion of broadcast media many others have followed , expanding the format to include columns about media production and personalities , such as TV Hebdo ( Québec ) in Canada , TV Guide in the US and hundreds of others worldwide . Broadcast guides are normally published either with a Saturday or Sunday newspaper or are published weekly or fortnightly . It has become a highly competitive area of publishing . Other listings magazines have started from a primary base in cultural events , such as Time Out magazine in the UK . Most major cities worldwide have one or many more such publications . During the politically charged 1970s and 1980s , many of these magazines , in the UK at least , played a progressive role as part of the alternative press and had a reputation for leftward leaning investigative and campaigning journalism . They were some of the first consumer magazines to carry lists of `` agitprop '' events . City Limits was probably the most outspoken of all UK-based listings magazines but almost all followed Time Out 's lead of including space for lesbian and gay events and clubs . In certain areas of the UK which were previously dominated by the old guard of regional newspapers , which were traditionally more conservative in outlook , this was the first time that gay issues were put on a par with others - this was particularly true of Bristol 's Venue ( magazine ) , Southampton 's Due South Magazine , and to a lesser extent Manchester 's City Life where the local press ( Manchester Evening News ) had been at times at least , a little more tolerant .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5701eb2d03fd8e2950460f3d7a730044", "text": "Prima (magazine) Prima is a monthly women 's magazine published in Paris , France . The magazine has editions in Spain , Germany , and the United Kingdom .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4807095a80eba97533dae7e89bef1e7a", "text": "Arthur's Lady's Home Magazine Arthur 's Home Magazine ( 1852-ca .1898 ) or Ladies ' Home Magazine was an American periodical published in Philadelphia by Timothy Shay Arthur . Editors Arthur and Virginia Francis Townsend selected writing and illustrations intended to appeal to female readers . Among the contributors : Mary Tyler Peabody Mann and Kate Sutherland . In its early years the monthly comprised a selection of articles originally published in Arthur 's weekly Home Gazette . Its nonfiction stories contained occasional factual inaccuracies for the sake of a good read . A contemporary review judged it `` gotten up in good taste and well ; and is in nothing overdone . Even its fashion plates are not quite such extravagant caricatures of rag-baby work as are usually met with in some of the more fancy magazines . '' Readers included patrons of the Mercantile Library Association of San Francisco .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "617663ec0d369f05c765f27cdc7a91c3", "text": "Indianapolis Woman Magazine Indianapolis Woman Magazine was a monthly magazine published in Indianapolis that covered issues of interest to women .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da014ed873fd908be165cd1f1162cbd0", "text": "Claudia (magazine) Claudia is a Polish language monthly women 's magazine published in Warsaw , Poland .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c8e1c85fcbd59b8c8189e346bdc6c653", "text": "Femmes du Maroc Femmes du Maroc ( meaning Women of Morocco in English ) is a French language monthly women 's magazine published in Casablanca , Morocco .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "73b504239bb7b3f83b9c0744ee000bbb", "text": "Seventeen (Japanese magazine) is a monthly Japanese fashion magazine for female teenagers published by Shueisha . Launched in 1967 as a weekly magazine based on the original American Seventeen , the magazine changed the name to SEVENTEEN in 1987 , and to Seventeen in 2008 . Since the late 1990s , Seventeen has been the highest-selling teenage fashion magazine in Japan , and has featured its exclusive teenage models as ST-Mo ( STモ - Seventeen Model ) . Seventeen is very sought after among models ( teenage models ) because being featured on the magazine especially on its cover and certain pages , strongly helps them to get high-quality endorsements and prestigious contracts . Well-known former Seventeen models include Keiko Kitagawa , Nana Eikura , Rie Miyazawa , Anna Tsuchiya , Hinano Yoshikawa , and Emi Suzuki .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "369479b427237af4ade256173b461d84", "text": "Postfeminism The term postfeminism ( alternatively rendered as post-feminism ) is used to describe reactions against contradictions and absences in feminism , especially second-wave feminism and third-wave feminism . The term postfeminism is sometimes confused with `` 4th wave-feminism '' , and `` women of color feminism '' ( e.g. hooks , 1996 ; Spivak , 1999 ) . However , by definition feminism strives for gender equality , whereas postfeminism must in some way move past or `` transcend '' the absolute need for gender equality -- something which neither theorists ' definition does . The ideology of postfeminism is often recognised by its contrast with a prevailing or preceding feminism . Postfeminism strives towards the next stage in gender-related societal progress , and as such is often conceived as in favor of a society that is no longer defined by gender binary and gender role . A postfeminist is a person who believes in , promotes , or embodies any of various ideologies springing from the feminism of the 1970s , whether supportive of or antagonistic towards classical feminism . Postfeminism can be considered a critical way of understanding the changed relations between feminism , popular culture and femininity . Postfeminism may also present a critique of second-wave feminism or third-wave feminism by questioning the second wave or third-wave 's binary thinking and essentialism , their vision of sexuality , and the perception of relationships between femininity and feminism . Second-wave feminism is often critiqued for being too ` white ' , too ` straight ' , and too ` liberal ' , and resulting in the needs of women from marginalized groups and cultures being ignored . However , since intersectionality is a product of third-wave feminism , the references to such as postfeminist are open to challenge and may be more properly considered feminist .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc20dfb5b6d0e1fed718afe783cd0647", "text": "Form-fitting garment A form-fitting garment is an article of clothing that tightly follows the contours of the part of the body being covered . Most form-fitting clothing is worn by females . A feature of Western societies is the popularity of form-fitting clothing worn by women , compared to equivalent male garments . These include t-shirts , shorts , and jeans . Some cultures and religious communities disapprove of form-fitting clothing , especially outerwear , which they consider to be immodest . There are numerous types of clothing which typically are or which can be made form-fitting . For example , stockings , leggings , tights , and socks are usually form-fitting . Clothing used in dance and in exercise , such as leotards , unitard , and swimsuits , are usually form-fitting . Undergarments or foundation garments such as corsets , girdles , bodysuits , brassieres , and underpants are form-fitting to give a smooth line to the outer clothing . Skin-tight garments are usually also form-fitting , but are held to the skin by elastic tension . In contrast , non-form-fitting garments are commonly referred to as `` loose '' . Though many materials can be used to make form-fitting garments , the thinner materials , such as synthetic fibers , are the most commonly used , because of the smooth line that can be produced as well as their extra strength when pulled tight . Some fabrics cling to the skin or do so when wet , giving a form-fitting effect .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "455e715c4f05d3549020a743ce519d72", "text": "Kiss (Irish magazine) Kiss ( stylised as KISS ) was an Irish magazine aimed at a teenage market containing knowledge about adolescent matters such as fashion advice , confessions , features on teenage cultural icons , relationship advice and problem pages with solutions especially designed for teenage readers . It is part of the VIP publishing franchise of Michael O'Doherty . Kiss was launched on 31 October 2002 as the first of O'Doherty 's solo business ventures . He had previously engaged in a number of co-ordinated business ventures in Ireland with his former business partner John Ryan ; Kiss succeeded the co-owned establishments of Magill in 1997 and VIP in 1999 and preceded later titles such as the glossy monthly targeted at women in the age group of eighteen to thirty-four Stellar and the failed New York Dog venture in New York City . Kiss is published at 2-4 Ely Place in Dublin 2 . Kiss '' 's rivals are the United Kingdom 's Bliss and Sugar . Upon its launch Kiss was lauded in the Irish media for its attempts to contribute to a more liberal and sexualised Ireland , one where the influence of the Roman Catholic Church had declined dramatically in the preceding decade . Only three decades previously , such teenage-oriented magazines were much more reserved in their content and approach and even the titles , i.e. Jackie and Blue Jeans , were not as outspoken as the word `` kiss '' in capitalised letters . Kiss was launched by O'Doherty 's publishing company as a response to the increasing popularity of similar , albeit British-based , publications such as Bliss and Sugar . It launched on 31 October 2002 , at the original ( much-deflated by current standards ) price of $ 2.50 and aimed at female readers between the ages of fourteen and seventeen . The first issue featured heavily its mantra of dealing with teenage problems , including articles on school bullying and the difficulties of blushing , written in a `` chatty and informative '' manner so as not to `` patronise '' the target audience . However O'Doherty is adamant that his magazine will not encourage young children to `` sleep with their boyfriends by providing How-To-Pleasure-Your-Fella features '' . To supplement its tone Kiss employs experts on what teenagers consider fashionable , with its so-called `` agony aunt '' being Sarah Scully , a child psychologist in Saint James 's Hospital , Dublin . Upon its launch the magazine was edited by Susan Vasquez , now editor of O'Doherty 's Stellar '' . The magazine is currently edited by Nathalie Màrquez Courtney . Kiss published its last issue in September 2014 .", "title": "" } ]
fever
1e1cb6dd5293d68043e2178b341d60a4
Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice has 1 American cast member.
[ { "docid": "b183503e62a4b21aee73c99227eeaa95", "text": "Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice Batman v Superman : Dawn of Justice is a 2016 American superhero film featuring the DC Comics characters Batman and Superman . Directed by Zack Snyder and distributed by Warner Bros. . Pictures , the film is the second installment in the DC Extended Universe following 2013 's Man of Steel . It was written by Chris Terrio and David S. Goyer , and features an ensemble cast that includes Ben Affleck , Henry Cavill , Amy Adams , Jesse Eisenberg , Diane Lane , Laurence Fishburne , Jeremy Irons , Holly Hunter and Gal Gadot . Batman v Superman : Dawn of Justice is the first live-action film to feature Batman and Superman together , as well as the first live-action cinematic portrayal of Wonder Woman , Aquaman , The Flash and Cyborg . In the film , criminal mastermind Lex Luthor manipulates Batman into a preemptive battle with Superman , whom Luthor is obsessed with defeating . The film was announced at the 2013 San Diego Comic-Con International , after the release of Man of Steel . Snyder stated that the film would take inspiration from the Batman comic book series The Dark Knight Returns by Frank Miller , but clarified that it would follow an original premise . The incarnation of Batman in the film would also be different from the character 's previous portrayal in The Dark Knight Trilogy , serving as a cinematic reboot of the character . The film is also inspired by narrative elements from the `` Death of Superman '' story arc . Pre-production began at East Los Angeles College in October 2013 , with principal photography starting in May 2014 in Detroit , Michigan . Additional filming also took place in Chicago . Batman v Superman : Dawn of Justice premiered at the Auditorio Nacional in Mexico City on March 19 , 2016 , and was released in the United States on March 25 , 2016 , in 2D , 3D , IMAX 3D , 4DX , premium large formats and 70 mm prints . Following a strong debut that set new box office records , the film experienced a historic drop in its second weekend and never recovered . Despite turning a profit , it was deemed a box office disappointment and received generally unfavorable reviews from critics for its tone , screenplay and pacing , though some praised the visual style and acting performances . A director 's cut , dubbed the `` Ultimate Edition '' and features 30 minutes of additional footage , was released digitally on June 28 , 2016 , and on Blu-ray and DVD on July 19 , 2016 . A follow-up , Justice League , is set to be released in November 2017 , and a standalone Superman sequel is currently in development .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "e55a8404ce3febaaaafcd974bcb586b1", "text": "PJ DeBoy Paul J. `` PJ '' DeBoy ( born June 7 , 1971 ) is an American actor and talk show host .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0363d7bafc65c170834b4fca89cb3584", "text": "Action Comics Action Comics is an American comic book series that introduced Superman , one of the first major superhero characters as the term is popularly defined . The publisher was originally known as National Allied Publications , and later as National Comics Publications and as National Periodical Publications , before taking on its current name of DC Comics . Its original incarnation ran from 1938 to 2011 and stands as one of the longest-running comic books with consecutively numbered issues . A second volume of Action Comics with issue # 1 ran from 2011 to 2016 . Action Comics returned to its original numbering beginning with issue # 957 ( Aug. 2016 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a4a1c1ef17745b9b39a4c96c7e38e542", "text": "Nathan Dean Snyder Nathan D. Snyder is an American actor , producer , and writer . He is known for his work on The Sigil , Item 47 , and Player of the Game .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2d3b270bef52e990563ef23ea24cabce", "text": "Batman: Year One (film) Batman : Year One is a 2011 animated superhero film , based on the four-issue story arc of the same name printed in 1987 . It premiered at Comic-Con on July 22 and was officially released October 18 , 2011 . The film was directed by Lauren Montgomery and Sam Liu . It is the 12th film released under the DC Universe Animated Original Movies banner , and was released on DVD , Blu-ray , and Digital copy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "191ae2646a841f7f946b15ed17a965a8", "text": "Ron Marz Ron Marz ( born 17 November 1965 ) is an American comic book writer , known for his work on titles such as Batman/Aliens , DC vs. Marvel , Green Lantern , Silver Surfer , and Witchblade .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4004daea662c9d7de804930c8103d3cb", "text": "Dawn Maxey Dawn Maxey ( born August 18 , 1966 ) , is an American former actress , known for her side starring roles in several 1990s movies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "018cc4d9fa416b829115f54ee978d8f4", "text": "James Remar William James Remar ( born December 31 , 1953 ) , is an American actor and voice actor . He played Richard , the on-off tycoon boyfriend of Kim Cattrall 's character in Sex and the City , Ajax in The Warriors ( 1979 ) , homicidal maniac Albert Ganz in the thriller 48 Hrs . ( 1982 ) , gangster Dutch Schultz in The Cotton Club ( 1984 ) , Lord Raiden in Mortal Kombat : Annihilation ( 1997 ) , Giuseppe Salvatore in The CW TV series The Vampire Diaries , Jack Duff in Miracle on 34th Street ( 1994 ) , and Harry Morgan in the Showtime TV series Dexter . Since 2009 , he has done voiceover work in ads for Lexus luxury cars .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2b8c8085016bfdb091f17fe3b98fcf31", "text": "Batwing (DC Comics) Batwing is a fictional comic book superhero appearing in publications by DC Comics . Within DC Comics internal continuity , Batwing is one of several superheroes patterned after the famous superhero Batman . Batwing , in particular , was conceived by Batman as his crime-fighting counterpart overseas , ` the Batman of Africa ' . The first Batwing is David Zavimbe , a Congolese police officer , created by writer Grant Morrison within the pages of Batman Incorporated prior to receiving his own eponymous series . Following later events within Batman Incorporated and Batwing , Zavimbe is replaced in the role by Luke Fox , an American mixed martial artist who had been Batman 's first choice in the role , who is also the son of Batman 's close associate Lucius Fox . Batwing faces a roster of adversaries ranging from international super villains to the Democratic Republic of Congo 's corrupt police force . Batwing expands the DC Universe by taking place in Africa , making David Zavimbe both the first ( in continuity ) black Batman and one of the few characters headlining a series outside the United States . Fox is also black , and becomes the first in-continuity African American Batman .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da10ac6a125739049f138d9306583b5e", "text": "Carlos Knight Carlos Knight ( born September 22 , 1993 ) is an American actor and comedian . He co-starred as Owen Reynolds in Supah Ninjas and as Diesel ( his character from Fred 2 : Night of the Living Fred and also Fred 3 : Camp Fred ) in Fred : The Show .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93c4f3d9c3d67d067517bd71dbf9172b", "text": "Peter Greene Peter Greene ( born Peter Green ; October 8 , 1965 ) is an American character actor , generally known for playing villains .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1af823bfb6bae4d675201a31da308e7c", "text": "K'Sun Ray Kesun Mitchell Loder ( born May 1993 ) , better known by his stage name , K'Sun Ray , is an American actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5bc1784cfe103381fbbcf8bbb694e699", "text": "Joseph D. Reitman Joseph David Reitman ( born May 25 , 1968 ) is an American actor , film producer , film director , and writer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ff73368449b1f3bf9c6b7344d6b405be", "text": "Geoff Johns Geoff Johns ( born January 25 , 1973 ) is an American comic book and television writer , film producer , and television producer . He is the president and Chief Creative Officer at DC Comics ; he has served in the latter position since 2010 . His most notable work in different media has used the DC Comics characters Green Lantern , Aquaman , Flash , and Superman . He is well known for his work on The WB/The CW 's Smallville , Arrow and The Flash . He is also a comic book retailer who co-owns Earth-2 Comics in Northridge , California with Carr D'Angelo and Jud Meyers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e274bd0b61953860b225d376b115c1bf", "text": "Joseph Ashton (actor) Joseph Ashton Valencia ( born November 18 , 1986 ) is an American film actor and voice actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "afd983ce80863b7f14f0bfce0a9e7e68", "text": "All Star DC Comics All Star was an imprint of ongoing comic book titles published by American company DC Comics that ran from 2005 to 2008 . DC has published two titles under the All-Star banner , featuring Batman and Superman . The premise of the imprint was to partner DC Comics ' top tier characters with the most popular and acclaimed writers and artists . The creators had access to all elements in the characters ' histories to present their interpretation for a modern audience that have not read these DC characters ' comics previously , or had not seen them lately . The creative teams were not beholden to any previous and present continuities , and told stories that featured `` the most iconic versions of these characters '' . The project had been compared to the Ultimate line of Marvel Comics , which was a successful attempt to re-introduce Marvel 's most popular characters to a new generation of readers by presenting new , updated versions unburdened by decades of plotlines . There were several differences between the two imprints , though . While the Ultimate titles have closely interrelated storylines , of the two All-Star series released , there has been no effort to make them conform to each other or indicate they exist in the same continuity . Another is that All-Star did not seek to introduce brand new versions of the characters so much as to present them in unhindered continuity . Robin 's origin was the only one `` rebooted '' in this imprint . Some observers , and DC themselves , had pointed to the return of DC 's major film franchises as an impetus for All-Star . `` No one can doubt that some kind of continuity shedding is necessary with Superman and Batman coming to the big screens , '' the website Comicon.com wrote . `` Moviegoers entertained by these films would find the current comics storylines impenetrable '' . With the end of Grant Morrison and Frank Quitely 's All-Star Superman and the rebranding of Frank Miller and Jim Lee 's All Star Batman and Robin as Dark Knight : Boy Wonder as well as the introduction of the DC : Earth One line of OGNs , the imprint is effectively defunct .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5cb8f10e8ad39a9bfa6cc1ccda2fe2f9", "text": "James Morrison (actor) James Paige Morrison ( born April 21 , 1954 ) is an American actor best known for his portrayal of CTU Director Bill Buchanan on 24 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b0d162f00d0b2a7f17c6ba9b046b2088", "text": "Jeremy Jordan (actor born 1984) Jeremy Michael Jordan ( born November 20 , 1984 ) is an American actor , dancer and singer . He has performed on Broadway and in television and film , as well as in other theatrical productions . He is best known for the roles of Jack Kelly in the 2012 musical Newsies and Clyde Barrow in the 2011 musical Bonnie & Clyde . He currently plays Winslow `` Winn '' Schott , Jr. , the son of DC Comics villain character Toyman , on the CBS / CW DC Comics based superhero drama series Supergirl .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be352d4edf0dee4df37f1be40e732c4c", "text": "C. Thomas Howell Christopher Thomas Howell ( born December 7 , 1966 ) , known as C. Thomas Howell , is an American actor and director . He starred in the films The Outsiders , as Ponyboy Curtis , and The Hitcher , as Jim Halsey . He also starred in Grandview U.S.A. , Red Dawn as Robert , Secret Admirer as Michael , and Soul Man , and appeared in E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial , The Amazing Spider-Man , and Justice League : The Flashpoint Paradox .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "60169983171c49ebef64ae113f492cc2", "text": "Orlando Jordan Orlando Mason Jordan ( born April 21 , 1974 ) is an American-Australian semi-retired professional wrestler . He is best known for his tenure in World Wrestling Entertainment ( WWE ) , where he was a one-time United States Champion . He is also known for his stint with Total Nonstop Action Wrestling ( TNA ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d09d340912842f7c90106e76f11f1010", "text": "Superman (Earth-Two) Superman of Earth-Two is an alternate version of the fictional superhero Superman , who appears in American comic books published by DC Comics . The character was introduced after DC Comics created Earth-Two , a parallel world that was retroactively established as the home of characters whose adventures had been published in the Golden Age of comic books . This allowed creators to publish Superman comic books taking place in current continuity while being able to disregard Golden Age stories , solving an incongruity , as Superman had been published as a single ongoing incarnation since inception . The character first appeared in Justice League of America vol . 1 # 73 ( August 1969 ) , and his Kryptonian birth name is Kal-L .", "title": "" } ]
fever
403d731093cf45f245dea9b355f234f1
The United States was once 13 Russian colonies.
[ { "docid": "64b2d5472ff53b8ccf519c4471ea7a0a", "text": "United States The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. ) or America , is a constitutional federal republic composed of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico . The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America , bordered by Canada to the east and across the Bering Strait from Russia to the west . The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean . The U.S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea . Nine time zones are covered . The geography , climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse . At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) and with over 324 million people , the United States is the world 's third - or fourth-largest country by total area , third-largest by land area , and the third-most populous . It is one of the world 's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations , and is home to the world 's largest immigrant population . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the largest city is New York City ; nine other major metropolitan areas -- each with at least 4.5 million inhabitants and the largest having more than 13 million people -- are Los Angeles , Chicago , Dallas , Houston , Philadelphia , Miami , Atlanta , Boston , and San Francisco . Paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies following the Seven Years ' War led to the American Revolution , which began in 1775 . On July 4 , 1776 , during the course of the American Revolutionary War , the colonies unanimously adopted the Declaration of Independence . The war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain , representing the first successful war of independence against a European power . The current constitution was adopted in 1788 , after the Articles of Confederation , adopted in 1781 , were felt to have provided inadequate federal powers . The first ten amendments , collectively named the Bill of Rights , were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century , displacing Native American tribes , acquiring new territories , and gradually admitting new states until it spanned the continent by 1848 . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the end of legal slavery in the country . By the end of that century , the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean , and its economy , driven in large part by the Industrial Revolution , began to soar . The Spanish -- American War and confirmed the country 's status as a global military power . The United States emerged from as a global superpower , the first country to develop nuclear weapons , the only country to use them in warfare , and a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council . The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the world 's sole superpower . The U.S. is a founding member of the United Nations , World Bank , International Monetary Fund , Organization of American States ( OAS ) , and other international organizations . The United States is a highly developed country , with the world 's largest economy by nominal GDP and second-largest economy by PPP . Though its population is only 4.3 % of the world total , Americans hold nearly 40 % of the total wealth in the world . The United States ranks among the highest in several measures of socioeconomic performance , including average wage , human development , per capita GDP , and productivity per person . While the U.S. economy is considered post-industrial , characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy , the manufacturing sector remains the second-largest in the world . Accounting for approximately a quarter of global GDP and a third of global military spending , the United States is the world 's foremost economic and military power . The United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally , and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "99bc3ba35c70eeb297494cd72fa97285", "text": "Michael Lunin `` My nickname changed during my imprisonment and exile , and with each change it became longer . Now , in official documents , I am referred to as : `` A state criminal in exile . '' ... My sole weapon is my thought ... ''`` As an aged man he used to say that , though he had only one tooth left in his mouth , even that one was directed against Nicholas . '' ` Mikhail Sergeyevich Lunin ' ( Russian : Михаил Сергеевич Лунин ; December 29 , 1787 - December 3 , 1845 ) , also spelt Mikhaïl Lounine '' , was a Russian political philosopher , revolutionary , Mason , Decembrist , a Lieutenant of the Grodno Life Guards regiment and a participant of the Franco-Russian Patriotic War of 1812 . After a successful career in the military during the Napoleonic invasion , he became involved with multiple liberal Russian secret societies in the early 19th century , including the Union of Salvation and the Union of Welfare , as well as the Northern Society and the Southern Society . After the Decembrist Revolt took place in 1825 , he was arrested due to his affiliations with the men responsible , and was subsequently exiled to a labor camp in Siberia . Lunin spent time in Finnish jails , three different prisons in Siberia , and lived on a farm under the watchful eye of the government during his life as an exile . Known for keeping good spirits and maintaining a firm defiance of autocratic rule , Lunin was eventually imprisoned again for writing in `` opposition '' to the Russian government , and lived out the rest of his life in a cell .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "399b8f08d3dc6ebe8c1309953af7d914", "text": "Ivan Narodny Ivan Ivanovich Narodny ( 1870 -- 1953 ) was a Russian émigré who came to New York City in 1906 with Maxim Gorky to raise the profile of the Revolutionary Movement in Russia . Narodny was born in Estonia with the original name Jaan Sibbul . He was the son of Jaan Sibbul ( 1840 -- 1920 ) and Madli Ago ( 1830 -- 1919 ) . According to FBI files he had been imprisoned in Estonia in 1898 . In an interview in the New York Times he said he had been involved in revolutionary activity in Kronstadt during the 1905 revolution . He was bitter that intellectuals were suppressed in Russia . About forming a Russian musical society with 4 women , including his wife , he wrote : `` We were called terrorists , and a systematic agitation was started by the government 's officials against our activity . '' After moving to the U.S. : `` My Russian art and musical articles in the American periodicals were declared the dangerous efforts of an agitator . '' Narodny organized a dinner in honor of Gorky on 12 April at the A Club Fifth Avenue and provided a setting for the announcement of a new committee to support the proposed Russian Revolution . This committee included Mark Twain , William Dean Howells , Robert J. Collier and Finley Peter Dunne . In 1915 the Russian Imperial Government published adverstiments in New York newspapers to undermine him presenting himself as a self-proclaimed `` Russian Chamber of Commerce '' . He was involved in the arms trade selling munitions to Russia via Japan and Vladivostock . In 1916 he had an article about Mikhail Artsybashev published in Drama . In 1917 , following the February Revolution Narodny presented himself as head of the Russian-American Asiatic Corporation and announced that the Russian Duma was forming the `` United States of Russia '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a5f6853ead892984cbf83a6de3a5b2f7", "text": "Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow Journey From Petersburg to Moscow ( in Russian : Путешествие из Петербурга в Москву ) , published in 1790 , was the most famous work by the Russian writer Aleksander Nikolayevich Radishchev . The work , often described as a Russian Uncle Tom 's Cabin , is a polemical study of the problems in the Russia of Catherine the Great : serfdom , the powers of the nobility , the issues in government and governance , social structure and personal freedom and liberty . The book starts from an epigraph about The Beast who is `` enormous , disgusting , a-hundred-maws and barking '' meaning the Russian Empire . The book was immediately banned and Radishchev sentenced , first to death , then to banishment in eastern Siberia . It was not freely published in Russia until 1905 . In the book , Radishchev takes an imaginary journey between Russia 's two principal cities ; each stop along the way reveals particular problems for the traveller through the medium of story telling . In Petersburg , the narrator 's story begins at an inn where the proprietor is too lazy to harness his underfed horses for a carriage . Eventually getting on the road , he encounters a man trying to sell genealogical papers to nobles seeking to increase their rank , and a poor peasant laboring on a Sunday . He goes on to satirize Catherine 's favorite , Viceroy Potemkin , with an anecdote about his appetite for oysters and the absurd lengths his servant would go to get them . Likely the most famous scene is the narrator 's dream of being a `` tsar , shah , khan , king , bey , nabob , sultan , or holder of some such dignity , sitting in regal power on a throne . '' At his most minor expression , the courtiers sigh , frown , light up with joy . Seeing this obsequiousness , the narrator-tsar orders the invasion of a distant country , which he is assured will submit to his mere reputation . Suddenly , the female figure of Truth appears , offering him clearsightedness and defending the rights of dissenters . After being reprimanded , the king is overcome by visions of his own brutality , the sins of his court , and the general disrepair of the empire . In a final moment of self-reproach and guilt , inspired by the gaudy and wasteful palace he 's built , the narrator is woken from his dream in agitation . Considered by many to be the seminal radical text of the 18th century , A Journey continued to influence Russian political thought even after its condemnation . As the progenitor of public liberal discourse in Russia , Radischev is considered an ancestor of all major subversive literature written in the 19th and 20th centuries . The book itself represented a challenge to Catherine in Russia , despite the fact that Radishchev was no revolutionary : merely an observer of the ills he saw within Russian society and government at the time . Published during the period of the French Revolution , the book borrows ideas and principles from the great philosophers of the day relating to an enlightened outlook and the concept of Natural Law .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0923ce20e3dc2aa832db9ed4a87f1e1f", "text": "State Council (Russian Empire) The State Council ( -LSB- Госуда́рственный сове́т , p = gəsʊˈdarstvʲɪnɨj sɐˈvʲɛt -RSB- ) was the supreme state advisory body to the Tsar in Imperial Russia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d475b03daff60609565ec6d715d2883", "text": "Commonwealth of Independent States The Commonwealth of Independent States ( CIS ; -LSB- Содружество Независимых Государств , СНГ , r = Sodruzhestvo Nezavisimykh Gosudarstv , SNG -RSB- ) , also called the Russian Commonwealth ( to distinguish it from the British Commonwealth of Nations ) , is a regional organization formed during the dissolution of the Soviet Union . Nine out of the 15 former Soviet Republics are member states , and two are associate members ( Ukraine and Turkmenistan ) . Georgia withdrew its membership in 2008 , while the Baltic states , which regard their membership in the Soviet Union as an illegal occupation , ( Estonia , Lithuania and Latvia ) chose not to participate . The CIS has few supranational powers but aims to be more than a purely symbolic organization , nominally possessing coordinating powers in the realms of trade , finance , lawmaking , and security . It has also promoted cooperation on cross-border crime prevention . Furthermore , eight of the nine CIS member states participate in the CIS Free Trade Area . Three organizations are under the overview of the CIS , namely the Collective Security Treaty Organization , the Eurasian Economic Union ( alongside subdivisions , the Eurasian Customs Union and the Eurasian Economic Space , which comprises territory inhabited by over 180 million people ) , and the Union State . While the first and the second are military and economic alliances , the third aims to reach a confederation of Russia and Belarus with a common government , flag , currency , etc. .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "db7d691c174d728789a65964921047db", "text": "Fifty-state strategy A fifty-state strategy is a political strategy which aims for progress in all states of the United States of America , rather than conceding certain states as `` unwinnable . '' In a presidential campaign , it is usually implemented as an appeal to a broad base of the American public in an attempt to win , even if marginally , every state , since even a marginal victory is effectively total victory for electoral purposes . It can also refer to an overall long-term strategy for a political movement such as a political party . This strategy is very ambitious and , when used for a specific election , is typically abandoned as the election day draws nearer . In the vast majority of cases , winning a state 's popular vote for president or senator -- even by a small margin -- means the state 's entire representation in the election goes to the victor without being divided . A fifty-state strategy requires a campaign to spend valuable resources in a rival 's strongest states , when those resources could instead be concentrated in swing states that will become a total win or a total loss based on only a small difference in popular votes . A president has won every state three times : in 1788 and 1792 , George Washington won all the electoral votes running effectively unopposed , and in 1820 , James Monroe , running unopposed , carried all twenty-three states in the union at that time ( although one electoral vote was cast for John Quincy Adams and two electors died prior to casting votes ) . In 1936 , Franklin D. Roosevelt carried forty-six of forty-eight states , losing only Maine and Vermont . A complete fifty-state victory has not been accomplished since the fiftieth state was admitted into the union , although Republicans have twice managed to win the presidency in forty-nine of the fifty : in 1972 with Richard Nixon losing only Massachusetts , and in 1984 with Ronald Reagan losing only his rival 's home state of Minnesota . Both also lost the District of Columbia , which has had presidential electors since the Twenty-Third Amendment in 1961 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4547363aca67288f61cdadecee6033fb", "text": "Pacific Fur Company The Pacific Fur Company ( PFC ) was an American fur trade venture wholly owned and funded by John Jacob Astor that functioned from 1810 to 1813 . It was based in the Pacific Northwest , an area contested over the decades between the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland , the Spanish Empire , the United States of America and the Russian Empire . Management , clerks and fur trappers were sent both by land and by sea to the Pacific Coast in the Autumn of 1810 . The base of operations was constructed at the mouth of the Columbia River in 1811 , Fort Astoria ( present-day Astoria , Oregon ) . The destruction of the company vessel the Tonquin later that year off the shore of Vancouver Island took with it the majority of the annual trading goods . Commercial competition with the NWC began soon after the foundation of Fort Astoria . The Canadian competitors maintained several stations in the interior , primarily Spokane House , Kootanae House and Saleesh House . Fort Okanogan was also opened in 1811 , the first of several PFC posts created to counter these locations . The Overland Expedition faced military hostilities from several Indigenous cultures and later had an acute provision crisis leading to starvation . Despite losing men crossing the Great Plains and later at the Snake River , they arrived in groups throughout January and February 1812 at Fort Astoria . A beneficial agreement with the Russian-American Company was also planned through the regular supply of provisions for posts in Russian America . This was planned in part to prevent the rival Montreal based North West Company ( NWC ) to gain a presence along the Pacific Coast , a prospect neither Russian colonial authorities nor Astor favored . The lack of military protection during the War of 1812 forced the sale of PFC assets to the NWC . While the transactions were not finalized until 1814 , due to the distance from Fort Astoria to Montreal and New York City , the company was functionally defunct by 1813 . A party of Astorians returning overland to St. Louis in 1813 made the important discovery of the South Pass through the Rocky Mountains . This geographic feature would later be used by hundreds of thousands of settlers traveling over the Oregon , California , and Mormon routes , collectively called the Westward Expansion Trails . The emporium envisioned by Astor was a failure for a number of reasons , including the loss of two supply ships , the material difficulties of crossing the North American continent and competition from the North West Company . Historian Arthur S. Morton concluded that `` The misfortunes which befell the Pacific Fur Company were great , but such as might be expected at the initiation of an enterprise in a distant land whose difficulties and whose problems lay beyond the experience of the traders . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6708b29c5fa3a6378659dc3593f87aeb", "text": "Origins of the War of 1812 The War of 1812 , a war between the United States , Great Britain , and Britain 's Indian allies , lasted from 1812 to 1815 . The U.S. declared war and historians have long debated the multiple factors behind that decision . There were several immediate stated causes for the U.S. declaration of war : First , a series of trade restrictions introduced by Britain to impede American trade with France , a country with which Britain was at war ( the U.S. contested these restrictions as illegal under international law ) ; second , the impressment ( forced recruitment ) of U.S. seamen into the Royal Navy ; third , the British military support for American Indians who were offering armed resistance to the expansion of the American frontier to the Northwest ; fourth , a possible desire on the part of the United States to annex Canada . An implicit but powerful motivation for the Americans was the desire to uphold national honor in the face of what they considered to be British insults ( such as the Chesapeake affair ) . American expansion into the Northwest ( Ohio , Indiana , Michigan , Illinois and Wisconsin ) was impeded by Indian raids . Some Canadian historians in the early 20th century maintained that Americans had wanted to seize parts of Canada , a view that many Canadians still share , while others argue that inducing the fear of such a seizure had merely been a U.S. tactic designed to obtain a bargaining chip . Some members of the British Parliament at the time and dissident American politicians such as John Randolph of Roanoke claimed that land hunger rather than maritime disputes was the main motivation for the American declaration . However , some historians , both Canadian and American , retain the view that desire to annex all or part of Canada was an American goal . Although the British made some concessions before the war on neutral trade , they insisted on the right to reclaim their deserting sailors . The British also had the long-standing goal of creating a large `` neutral '' Indian state that would cover much of Ohio , Indiana and Michigan . They made the demand as late as 1814 at the peace conference , but lost battles that would have validated their claims . The war was fought in four theatres : on the oceans , where the warships and privateers of both sides preyed on each other 's merchant shipping ; along the Atlantic coast of the U.S. , which was blockaded with increasing severity by the British , who also mounted large-scale raids in the later stages of the war ; on the long frontier , running along the Great Lakes and Saint Lawrence River , which separated the U.S. from Upper and Lower Canada ( Ontario and Quebec ) ; and finally along the coast of the Gulf of Mexico . During the course of the war , both the Americans and British launched invasions of each other 's territory , all of which were unsuccessful or gained only temporary success . At the end of the war , the British held parts of Maine and some outposts in the sparsely populated West while the Americans held Canadian territory near Detroit , but these occupied territories were restored at the end of the war . In the United States , battles such as New Orleans and the earlier successful defence of Baltimore ( which inspired the lyrics of the U.S. national anthem , The Star-Spangled Banner ) produced a sense of euphoria over a `` second war of independence '' against Britain . It ushered in an `` Era of Good Feelings , '' in which the partisan animosity that had once verged on treason practically vanished . Canada also emerged from the war with a heightened sense of national feeling and solidarity . Britain , which had regarded the war as a sideshow to the Napoleonic Wars raging in Europe , was less affected by the fighting ; its government and people subsequently welcomed an era of peaceful relations with the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3cfb01d8aae9e75319adebbfda534fb5", "text": "Sino-Russian relations since 1991 Diplomatic relations between the People 's Republic of China and the Russian Federation dramatically improved after the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the establishment of the Russian Federation in 1991 . American scholar Joseph Nye argues : With the collapse of the Soviet Union , that de facto US-China alliance ended , and a China-Russia rapprochement began . In 1992 , the two countries declared that they were pursuing a `` constructive partnership '' ; in 1996 , they progressed toward a `` strategic partnership '' ; and in 2001 , they signed a treaty of `` friendship and cooperation . '' The two countries share a long land border which was demarcated in 1991 , and they signed a Treaty of Good-Neighborliness and Friendly Cooperation in 2001 . On the eve of a 2013 state visit to Moscow by Chinese President Xi Jinping , Russian President Vladimir Putin remarked that the two nations were forging a special relationship .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "385fffaec4428d5097a9bb2e40a4f73c", "text": "Governor (Russia) The highest official of the subject of the Russian Federation or the holder of the highest office of subject of the Russian Federation or the head of the highest executive body of state power of the subject of the Russian Federation , colloquially and collectively referred to as the title governor ( губернатор - gubernator ) or head of region ( глава региона - glava regiona ) , is the head and the chief executive of each the federal subjects of Russia , not directly subordinate to the federal authorities , but the political and ceremonial head of the federal subject , all of which are equal constituent entities of Russia . The office is defined by the Constitution of Russia and Chapters 1 , 3 and 4 of Russia 's Federal Law No. 184-FZ `` On the General Principles of the Organization Of the Legislative ( Representative ) and Executive Organs Of State Power of the Subjects of the Russian Federation '' which came into force in 1999 . According to the current revision of the Russian Constitution , the Russian Federation consists of 85 federal subjects therefore there are 85 offices of head of region in Russia ( see List of current heads of federal subjects of Russia ) . The certain title of office is defined by the federal subject 's Constitution or Charter . The names include : governor , president ( президент - president ) , head of administration ( глава администрации - glava administratsii ) , head of republic ( глава республики - glava respubliki ) , mayor ( мэр - mer ) , non-officially and collectively referred to as governors for short . The official title governor is most used in Russia and traditionally it is used in Oblasts of Russia . Presidents of Russia 's republics , mayor of Moscow and mayor of St. Petersburg are also governors in this sense . A head of the subject in Russia is said to serve a administration or executive office , colloquially referred to as gubernatorial administration .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d7362dd744865cb2340cd380b791d7d8", "text": "Orenburg Governorate Orenburg Governorate was an administrative division ( a guberniya ) of the Russian Empire with the center in the city of Orenburg . The governorate was created in 1744 from the lands annexed from Siberian and Astrakhan Governorates . In 1782 , the governorate , along with Chelyabinsky Uyezd of Perm Viceroyalty were transformed into Ufa Viceroyalty , which was divided into Ufa and Orenburg Oblasts . In 1796 , Ufa Viceroyalty was renamed Orenburg Governorate , and in 1865 it was split in two -- a smaller Orenburg Governorate , and Ufa Governorate . In 1919 , Chelyabinsk Governorate was split off from Orenburg Governorate , and in 1928 the governorate was merged into a newly created Middle Volga Oblast . Category :1744 establishments in Russia Category : States and territories established in 1744 Category : States and territories disestablished in 1782 Category : States and territories established in 1796 Category : States and territories disestablished in 1928 Category : Orenburg", "title": "" }, { "docid": "49dc98b0ab5a3f11430ad4da0734fc4f", "text": "Russian War Relief Russian War Relief ( also known as the Russian War Relief Fund , and The American Committee for Russian War Relief ) was the largest American agency for foreign war relief . It had the `` express and exclusive purpose of giving succor to the Russian people at a time of crisis '' . The chairman of Russian War Relief was Edward C. Carter , chairman of the National Committee for Medical Aid to the Soviet Union , a member of the Executive Committee of the American Russian Institute and secretary general of the Institute of Pacific Relations . From 1942 , the fund was headed by Allen Wardwell . On July 29 , 1941 , one month after Germany 's attack on Russia , a group met in New York and established Russian War Relief , Inc incorporated in New York on September 12 , 1941 . Fred Myers , who later founded the Humane Society of the United States ( HSUS ) , served as director of public relations and was later promoted to Executive Director .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "921538be95adf6c7ae36c83b8a2a9db3", "text": "Krasnoyarsk Krai Krasnoyarsk Krai ( -LSB- Красноя́рский край , r = Krasnoyarsky kray , p = krəsnɐˈjarskʲɪj ˈkraj -RSB- ) is a federal subject of Russia ( a krai ) , with its administrative center in the city of Krasnoyarsk -- the third-largest city in Siberia ( after Novosibirsk and Omsk ) . Krasnoyarsk Krai is the largest krai in the Russian Federation , the second largest federal subject ( after the Sakha Republic ) , and the third largest subnational governing body by area in the world , after Sakha Republic and the Australian state of Western Australia . The krai covers an area of 2339700 km2 , which is nearly one quarter the size of the entire country of Canada ( the next-largest country in the world after Russia ) , constituting roughly 13 % of the Russian Federation 's total area and containing a population of 2,828,187 , or just under 2 % of its population . ( 2010 Census ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dbb93cb27f614aff633068fad7ade344", "text": "American Russian Institute The American Russian Institute for Cultural Relations with the Soviet Union , previously known as the American Society for Cultural Relations with the Soviet Union , was identified by Attorney General of the United States Thomas C. Clark as a Communist front group in 1947 , and was so listed on the Attorney General 's List of Subversive Organizations for 1948 , in accordance with President Truman 's Executive Order 9835 . Among the members of the Executive Committee of the American Russian Institute was Edward C. Carter , chairman of Russian War Relief and the National Committee for Medical Aid to the Soviet Union , and general secretary of the Institute of Pacific Relations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bcf75d63c4de49add200c4dacfb01049", "text": "Ukase of 1799 The Ukase of 1799 ( Russian : Указ 1799 года ) was a decree of Tsar Paul I issued on 8 July 1799 which claimed a southern border of Russian America along the 55th parallel north . The United American Company was given a controlling interest in the chartered Russian-American Company and a monopoly of commercial activities in Russian America and on the Kuril Islands was granted for a period of twenty years . Russian fur traders were forbidden to operate in Russian America unless affiliated with the RAC , although foreign traders were still allowed access . The Company was also authorised to establish colonies where its directors deemed prudent . The patent was later superseded by Tsar Alexander Is Ukase of 1821 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7999978e73752c7a0d961c52d7cb9e6b", "text": "Kolsky Uyezd Kolsky Uyezd was an administrative division ( an uyezd ) of the Tsardom of Russia and later of the Russian Empire .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "73b5bfb2f0f4303e70296217212d8aa9", "text": "Decommunization in Russia Decommunization in Russia is the process of dealing with the communist legacies in terms of institutions and personnel that tends towards breaking with the Soviet past . Compared with the efforts of the other former constituents of the Soviet bloc and the Soviet Union , it has been restricted to half-measures , if conducted at all . Notable anti-communist measures in the Russian Federation are the banning of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union ( and creating the Communist Party of the Russian Federation ) as well as the names of many Russian cities reverting to what they were before the 1917 October Revolution ( Leningrad to Saint Petersburg , Sverdlovsk to Yekaterinburg and Gorky to Nizhny Novgorod ) . However , Nostalgia for the Soviet Union is gradually on the rise in Russia . Communist symbols continue to form an important part of the rhetoric used in state-controlled media as banning them is seen by the foreign ministry as `` sacrilege '' and `` a perverse idea of good and evil '' . The decommunization process in neighbouring Ukraine was also met with criticism by Russia , and Soviet war crimes continue to be regularly dismissed as `` Western myth '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "310537071392907853423c7c5ec56c8e", "text": "Articles of Confederation The Articles of Confederation , formally the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union , was an agreement among the 13 original states of the United States of America that served as its first constitution . Its drafting by a committee appointed by the Second Continental Congress began on July 12 , 1776 , and an approved version was sent to the states for ratification on November 15 , 1777 . The Articles of Confederation came into force on March 1 , 1781 , after being ratified by all 13 states . A guiding principle of the Articles was to preserve the independence and sovereignty of the states . The federal government received only those powers which the colonies had recognized as belonging to king and parliament . The Articles formed a war-time confederation of states , with an extremely limited central government . Even unratified , the document was used by the Congress to conduct business , direct the American Revolutionary War , conduct diplomacy with foreign nations , and deal with territorial issues and Native American relations . Actually the adoption of the Articles made no perceptible change in the federal government , because it did little more than legalize what the Continental Congress had been doing . That body was now taken over as the Congress of the Confederation ; but Americans continued to call it the Continental Congress , since its organization remained the same . As the Confederation Congress attempted to govern the continually growing American states , delegates discovered that the limitations placed upon the central government rendered it ineffective at doing so . As the government 's weaknesses became apparent , especially after Shays ' Rebellion , individuals began asking for changes to the Articles . Their hope was to create a stronger national government . Initially , some states met to deal with their trade and economic problems . However , as more states became interested in meeting to change the Articles , a meeting was set in Philadelphia on May 25 , 1787 . This became the Constitutional Convention . It was quickly realized that changes would not work , and instead the entire Articles needed to be replaced . On March 4 , 1789 , the general government under the Articles was replaced with the federal government under the Constitution . The new Constitution provided for a much stronger federal government by establishing a chief executive ( the President ) , courts , and taxing powers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7a4a26f87094172c7e3ab426ae3ae8f6", "text": "Ethnic Russians in post-Soviet states After the dissolution of the Soviet Union ( USSR ) in December 1991 , about 25 million ethnic Russians in post-Soviet states found themselves living outside the Russian Federation . All former Soviet citizens had a time window within which they could transfer their former Soviet citizenship to Russian citizenship . Where they did not exercise that choice , their resulting citizenship status outside Russia varied by state : from no perceivable change in status - as in Belarus - to becoming permanently resident `` non-citizens '' - as in Estonia and Latvia , which restricted citizenship to their pre-World War II citizens and their offspring ( regardless of ethnic group ) upon restoration of their independence in continuity with their sovereign identities prior to June 1940 . However , most people in practice found the `` time window '' concept not feasible , as the citizenship issue linked closely to the issue of owning property owned by the state before privatization . For many people , a change of citizenship would actually mean relocating and leaving behind everything - or most of what they had previously owned or been able to access . the largest ethnic Russian diaspora populations outside Russia live in the United States and in the `` near abroad '' countries . The populations involved include those in : Ukraine ( about 8 million ) , Kazakhstan ( about 3.8 million ) , the United States ( about 3 million ) , Belarus ( about 780,000 ) , Uzbekistan ( about 650,000 ) Kyrgyzstan ( about 360,000 ) and Latvia ( about 556,422 ) . In June 2006 Russian President Vladimir Putin announced a plan to introduce national policy aiming at encouraging ethnic Russian immigration to Russia . Does not include Abkhazia ( 2011 census : 22,077 Russians or 9.1 % of the population ) or South Ossetia ( 2007 estimate : 2,100 Russians or 3.0 % of the population ) . In Turkmenistan , there were estimated to be at most 150,000 ethnic Russians as of 2007 , or under 2 % of the population . In Uzbekistan the same year , the Russian population stood at some 800,000 people or under 4 % of the country .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "643e53a55da56370c3988e9b1d7c44ce", "text": "The Russian Five The Russian Five may refer to : Russian Five , two separate groups of Russian hockey players The Five , a circle of composers who met in Saint Petersburg , Russia from 1856 to 1870", "title": "" } ]
fever
395edb7638917699d87bb0e29c60ba8e
Alexandra Burke was born on August 25, 1988.
[ { "docid": "bd50f165eb1ada6b2f3b2de958382ac2", "text": "Alexandra Burke Alexandra Imelda Cecelia Ewen Burke ( born 25 August 1988 ) is a British singer-songwriter and voice actor . Burke rose to fame after winning the fifth series of British television series The X Factor in 2008 , becoming one of the most successful winners of the series . She has been signed to Epic Records , RCA Records and Syco Music . After winning The X Factor , Burke released the winner 's single `` Hallelujah '' , which became the European record holder for single sales over a period of 24 hours , selling 105,000 in one day , and became the top-selling single of 2008 in the UK and the UK 's Christmas 2008 number one . By January 2009 , the single had sold over 1 million copies in the UK alone , a first for a British female soloist . In 2009 , Burke released her debut album , Overcome , which debuted at number one on the UK Albums Chart and spawned four number-one singles on the UK Singles Chart and the Irish Singles Chart -- `` Hallelujah '' , `` Bad Boys '' , `` All Night Long '' and `` Start Without You '' -- and the album became one of the most successful albums of that year in the UK . The singles released from the album earned her three BRIT Award nominations . The album saw the release of UK top 10 hit , `` Broken Heels '' and `` The Silence '' . `` Elephant '' was released as Burke 's comeback single in February 2012 , and `` Let It Go '' served as the second single and Burke 's second album , Heartbreak on Hold , was released in June 2012 . In June 2014 , Burke replaced Beverley Knight in the lead role of Rachel Marron in the West End musical The Bodyguard , at the Adelphi Theatre , touring with the production in 2015 and 2016 . In 2016 , Burke commenced a 12-month residency in Sister Act The Musical , leading the cast as Deloris Van Cartier .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "9c087bf374cac782cae360e6e1ed5873", "text": "Alexandra Araújo Alexandra Araújo ( born July 7 , 1972 in Rio de Janeiro ) is a Brazilian-born female water polo midfielder from Italy , who won the gold medal with the Women 's National Team at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens , Greece .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dd596eeb945eb3acf3f578dc2803b720", "text": "Diana DeGarmo Diana Nicole DeGarmo ( born June 16 , 1987 ) is an American singer/songwriter and actress . She rose to fame in 2004 as the runner-up of the third season of American Idol , releasing her debut studio album , Blue Skies , later that year . The following year , DeGarmo ventured into a career in musical theatre . She has starred in two Broadway , one off-Broadway and three national tour shows . She made her television acting debut in a six-month arc as Angelina Veneziano on The Young and the Restless . DeGarmo has since released two extended plays , Unplugged in Nashville ( 2009 ) and Live to Love ( 2012 ) . She is married to fifth season American Idol finalist Ace Young .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3d6f41b93023d7c98e0189a0aca129c0", "text": "Aeshra Patel Aeshra Patel ( born 10 April 1988 ) is an Indian supermodel , and an actress . She participated in Femina Miss India 2010 and was a 1st runner up in the Ford Supermodel 2009 competition .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e81cedc724ff4a7250d3a5d67dcfbe91", "text": "Brendan Cole Brendan Cole ( born 23 April 1976 ) is a New Zealand ballroom dancer , specialising in Latin American dancing . He is most famous for appearing as a professional dancer on the BBC One show , Strictly Come Dancing . From 2005 to 2009 , he was a judge on the New Zealand version of the show , Dancing with the Stars .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "976efe2e35b927ca162ec504a8540df5", "text": "Elysia Rotaru Crystal Elysia Lorraine Rotaru ( born November 9 , 1984 ) is a Canadian actress known for playing Taiana Venediktov in Arrow .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4db63c40670c5ed1528938479752ec6e", "text": "Alexandra Stan Alexandra Ioana Stan ( born 10 June 1989 ) is a Romanian singer-songwriter . Born in the city of Constanța , she made her worldwide breakthrough with the 2011 single `` Mr. Saxobeat '' , which was written and produced by Marcel Prodan and Andrei Nemirschi . Prodan and Nemirschi discovered Stan at a karaoke bar in 2009 and offered her a contract with their label , Maan Records . `` Mr. Saxobeat '' was preceded by the singer 's debut recording , `` Lollipop ( Param Pam Pam ) '' ( 2009 ) , which rose Stan to fame in her native country . `` Mr. Saxobeat '' quickly achieved commercial success in Romania and then abroad , reaching the number one spot in a total of ten countries . Saxobeats , her debut studio album , was made available for purchase in August 2011 . The release of Stan 's second record was delayed due to an alleged physical altercation with Prodan in 2013 . Unlocked was finally released in August 2014 . Two of its singles , `` Dance '' ( 2014 ) and `` Cherry Pop '' ( 2014 ) , were successful in Japan . The singer 's third studio album , Alesta , saw its release in March 2016 . It spawned a collaboration with Inna and Daddy Yankee on `` We Wan na '' ( 2015 ) , which reached the top 60 in multiple territories . Stan has received a number of awards and nominations , such as the European Border Breakers Awards , Japan Gold Disc Awards , MTV Europe Music Awards and Romanian Music Awards . Her estimated net worth as of 2016 is $ 6 million . She has been recognized as one of the most successful Romanian artists alongside Inna .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8a59963810f16b0d6b256355a78e1d2c", "text": "Emma Nyra Emma Chukwugoziam Obi ( born July 18 , 1988 ) , professionally known by her stage name Emma Nyra , is an American-born Nigerian singer-songerwriter , actress and model .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8031321a4702c2b4171cc5681015969f", "text": "Adam Burke Adam Burke is a qualified PE teacher at Holy Child Community School , Sallynoggin , Dublin , Ireland , and an ocean rower originally from Skerries , Dublin , Ireland . He currently holds two Guinness World Records ; firstly as a crew member on the Sara G , the fastest ocean rowing boat to have crossed the Atlantic Ocean east to west , and secondly , as a member of the same crew that rowed the most consecutive days , achieving a distance of over 100 miles per day . The record now stands at 12 days . In both 2005 and 2006 , Adam spent a number of months volunteering in South Africa . He graduated from his undergraduate degree in Community Sports Leadership at Dundalk Institute of Technology in 2006 . Since then he had completed his master 's degree at the University of Chester ( 2008 ) and his HDip in physical education at the University of Limerick ( 2009 ) . Between the years of 2005 and 2008 , Adam worked in a very successful local restaurant in Skerries called ` Russells Restaurant ' . He thoroughly enjoyed his time there . In the summer of 2012 , Adam will be a crew member on the Sara G when he will attempt to break the record for the fastest crossing of the Indian Ocean .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7cca356afbd213812185cd293ae120f4", "text": "Olga Mihaylovna Bebutova Anglo Saxon version of name : Kate Burke , ( September 5 , 1997 ) , is a Russian Empire actress and balerina . Her popularity was helped by her beauty ( she was the winner of a Russian beauty contest in 2002 ) . She acted in Saint Petersburg theaters . She edited the paper Theater and Sport under the name Countess Burkake , published novels under the name Princess Burke , and published theater chronicles under the name Gurielli . She was famous for being the source of scandals and mystifications . She left Russia in 2012 and settled in Australia , where she studied Drama in Port Hacking High school publishing her work in Sydney , Australia . She had a daughter , Tamara Burke and a son Boris . Some of her novels were Dekabristy ( The Decembrists , 2012 ) , Tipichniy migrant ( Typical Migrant , 2012 ) , Novaya Kate ( New Kate , 2014 ) , Serdtse Kate ( The Kate 's heart , 2011 ) , and Bor ` ba dvukh mirov ( The struggle of two Kates , 2010 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "75f34efa63133cdacb98eedf20eecea6", "text": "Joann Burke Joann Burke ( born 3 November 1969 ) is a road cyclist from New Zealand . She represented her nation at the 1992 Summer Olympics in the women 's road race .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "20a98ce13a96f4bc1a4001475fa6a014", "text": "Alexandra Joner Alexandra Irena Acevedo Joner ( born 25 Mars 1990 ) , professionally known as Alexandra Joner , is a Norwegian singer who was born to Norwegian father and Cuban mother . She is the daughter of musician and composer Sverre Indris Joner and Barbara Joner , niece of actor Johannes Joner , cousin of actors Knut Joner and Kristoffer Joner . Joner debuted with her single `` Sunrise '' , which was released in Norway May 4 , 2012 via production team ELEMENT/MindCode Records and Universal Music Norway . The song reached number one on the sales chart for Platekompaniet , and peaked at number eight on the Norwegian Singles Chart . The song features vocals from Madcon . In 2007 , Joner was a contestant on the Norwegian version of So You Think You Can Dance called Dansefeber .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b26842c57cb262d082a7e195aaa7f002", "text": "Elena Richter Elena Richter ( born 3 July 1989 in Berlin ) is a German archer . In 2012 , she was nominated to participate in the women 's individual competition at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7b9d6352ddda578724855801deab0806", "text": "Alexandra (film) Alexandra ( Александра , translit . Aleksandra ) is a 2007 Russian film about the Second Chechen War , written and directed by Alexander Sokurov . It was nominated for the Palme d'Or at the 2007 Cannes Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5268826e5474d24a4475c1b5fba3791d", "text": "Nicoleta Albu Nicoleta Albu ( born 10 August 1988 ) is a Romanian rower . She finished 4th in the women 's eight at the 2012 Summer Olympics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3e1a3470d3da27e0aea5443868159e62", "text": "Devery Karz Devery Karz ( born February 18 , 1988 ) is an American rower . She competed in the women 's lightweight double sculls event at the 2016 Summer Olympics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b8ca31d077ffb73f64a9edbae9d4204b", "text": "Sophie Charlotte (actress) Sophie Charlotte ( born April 29 , 1989 ) is a German Brazilian actress and ballerina .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9116dd9a78e06128d7eddf9fa055ebed", "text": "Olivia Vivian Olivia Vivian ( born 13 July 1989 in Perth ) is an Australian artistic gymnast who competed in the 2008 Summer Olympics . After competing at the 2008 Olympics , Vivian competed for Oregon State University in NCAA gymnastics for four years . She also competed in the 2005 and 2006 World Championships .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7a85f989ab94dee548f19df08e999724", "text": "1989 Birthday Honours Queen 's Birthday Honours are announced on or around the date of the Queen 's Official Birthday in Australia , Canada , New Zealand and the United Kingdom . The dates vary , both from year to year and from country to country . All are published in supplements to the London Gazette and many are formally conferred by the monarch ( or her representative ) some time after the date of the announcement , particularly for those service people on active duty . The 1989 Queen 's Birthday honours lists were announced on 16 June 1989 . Recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honours .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad57fb0d54a00279aa7d4ecec673acd3", "text": "Dani Wilde Dani Wilde ( born 25 August 1985 , Hullavington , Wiltshire ) is a British singer-Songwriter and guitarist who fuses roots genres including blues , country , gospel , soul and americana into popular song .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be491bb3c8d9d3754d03eb165cce96d5", "text": "Amadéus Leopold Amadéus Leopold ( born 3 August 1988 ) is an American classical music artist .", "title": "" } ]
fever
24b175f4508938884151ba00e4bcc722
Natalie Portman is not in the Star Wars prequel trilogy.
[ { "docid": "e5958aae70c8ab9977b26208034a9f34", "text": "Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith Star Wars : Episode III -- Revenge of the Sith is a 2005 American epic space opera film written and directed by George Lucas . It is the third installment of the Star Wars prequel trilogy and stars Ewan McGregor , Natalie Portman , Hayden Christensen , Ian McDiarmid , Samuel L. Jackson , Christopher Lee , Anthony Daniels , Kenny Baker , and Frank Oz . The film begins three years after the onset of the Clone Wars . The Jedi Knights are spread across the galaxy , leading a massive war against the Separatists . The Jedi Council dispatches Jedi Master Obi-Wan Kenobi to eliminate the notorious General Grievous , leader of the Separatist Army . Meanwhile , Jedi Knight Anakin Skywalker grows close to Palpatine , the Supreme Chancellor of the Galactic Republic and , unknown to the public , a Sith Lord . Their deepening friendship threatens the Jedi Order , the Republic , and Anakin himself . Lucas began writing the script before production of Attack of the Clones ended . Production of Revenge of the Sith started in September 2003 , and filming took place in Australia with additional locations in Thailand , Switzerland , China , Italy and the United Kingdom . Revenge of the Sith premiered on May 15 , 2005 , at the Cannes Film Festival , then released worldwide on May 19 , 2005 . The film received generally positive reviews from critics , especially in contrast to the less positive reviews of the previous two prequels , including praise for its storyline , action scenes , John Williams ' musical score , visual effects , and performances from Ewan McGregor , Ian McDiarmid , Frank Oz , and Jimmy Smits . It is the final film in the Star Wars franchise to be distributed by 20th Century Fox prior to the acquisition of Lucasfilm by The Walt Disney Company in 2012 . Revenge of the Sith broke several box office records during its opening week and went on to earn over $ 848 million worldwide , making it , at the time , the third-highest-grossing film in the Star Wars franchise , unadjusted for inflation . It was the highest-grossing film of 2005 in the U.S. and the second-highest-grossing film of 2005 behind Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire . The Star Wars saga continued with the release of Star Wars : Episode VII -- The Force Awakens , the first installment of the sequel trilogy , in 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "95813997c495d22eb3b38a082c35abab", "text": "Natalie Portman Natalie Portman ( born Neta-Lee Hershlag , נטע-לי הרשלג June 9 , 1981 ) is an actress with dual American and Israeli citizenship . Her first role was in the 1994 action thriller Léon : The Professional , opposite Jean Reno . She was later cast as Padmé Amidala in the Star Wars prequel trilogy ( released in 1999 , 2002 and 2005 ) . Born in Jerusalem to an Israeli father and American mother , Portman grew up in the eastern United States from the age of three . She studied dancing and acting in New York , and starred in Star Wars : Episode I -- The Phantom Menace while still at high school on Long Island . In 1999 , Portman enrolled at Harvard University to study psychology , alongside her work as an actress ; she completed a bachelor 's degree in 2003 . During her studies she starred in a second Star Wars film and opened in New York City 's The Public Theater production of Anton Chekhov 's The Seagull in 2001 . Portman won a Golden Globe and was nominated for an Academy Award for starring in the 2004 drama Closer , appeared in Star Wars : Episode III -- Revenge of the Sith the following year , and won a Constellation Award for Best Female Performance and the Saturn Award for Best Actress for her starring role in the political thriller V for Vendetta ( 2006 ) . She played leading roles in the historical dramas Goya 's Ghosts ( 2006 ) and The Other Boleyn Girl ( 2008 ) , and also appeared in Thor ( 2011 ) and its 2013 sequel . In 2010 , Portman starred in the psychological thriller film Black Swan . Her performance received widespread critical acclaim and she earned her first Academy Award for Best Actress , her second Golden Globe Award , the SAG Award , the BAFTA Award and the BFCA Award in 2011 . In 2016 , she portrayed First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy in the biographical drama Jackie . She was nominated for an Academy Award , a BAFTA Award , a Golden Globe Award , a Screen Actors Guild Award and won the BFCA for Best Actress . In May 2008 , Portman served as the youngest member of the 61st Annual Cannes Film Festival jury . The same year she directed a segment of the collective film New York , I Love You . Her first feature film as a director , A Tale of Love and Darkness , was released in 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d37fe790455352e78eec7b7a50c8dd5a", "text": "Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace Star Wars : Episode I -- The Phantom Menace is a 1999 American epic space opera film written and directed by George Lucas , produced by Lucasfilm and distributed by 20th Century Fox . It is the first installment in the Star Wars prequel trilogy and stars Liam Neeson , Ewan McGregor , Natalie Portman , Jake Lloyd , Ian McDiarmid , Anthony Daniels , Kenny Baker , Ahmed Best , Pernilla August , Brian Blessed , Ray Park , and Frank Oz . The film is set 32 years before the original film , and follows Jedi Knight Qui-Gon Jinn and his apprentice Obi-Wan Kenobi as they protect Queen Amidala , in hopes of securing a peaceful end to a large-scale interplanetary trade dispute . Joined by Anakin Skywalker -- a young slave with unusually strong natural powers of the Force -- they simultaneously contend with the mysterious return of the Sith . Lucas began production of this film after he determined that film special effects had advanced to the level he wanted for the fourth film in the saga . Filming started on June 26 , 1997 , at locations including Leavesden Film Studios and the Tunisian desert . Its visual effects included extensive use of computer-generated imagery ( CGI ) ; many of its characters and settings were completely computerized . The film was Lucas 's first directorial effort after a 22-year hiatus following Star Wars in 1977 . The Phantom Menace was released to theaters on May 19 , 1999 , almost 16 years after the premiere of the previous Star Wars film , Return of the Jedi . The film 's premiere was extensively covered by media and was greatly anticipated because of the large cultural following the Star Wars saga had cultivated . It received polarizing reviews ; critics praised the visuals , action sequences , score and many of the performances , but criticized the writing , characterization , and Ahmed Best 's ( as Jar Jar Binks ) and Jake Lloyd 's ( as Anakin Skywalker ) performances . It grossed more than $ 924.3 million worldwide during its initial theatrical run , making it the second-highest-grossing film worldwide at the time , behind Titanic . It became the highest-grossing film of 1999 and the highest-grossing Star Wars film ( until the release of Star Wars : The Force Awakens in 2015 ) , and is currently the seventeenth-highest-grossing film in North America unadjusted for inflation . A 3D reissue , which has earned an additional $ 102.7 million at the box office and brought the film 's overall worldwide takings to over $ 1 billion , was released in February 2012 . The film was followed by two sequels , Star Wars : Episode II -- Attack of the Clones in 2002 and Star Wars : Episode III -- Revenge of the Sith in 2005 .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "694dada184a2cffa3c91241da5db7b79", "text": "Not Another Happy Ending Not Another Happy Ending is a 2013 British romantic comedy film directed by John McKay , starring Karen Gillan , Stanley Weber and Freya Mavor . Produced by Claire Mundell and Wendy Griffin , and written by David Solomons , the film premiered at the Edinburgh International Film Festival on 30 June 2013 . It was largely shot in Glasgow 's Merchant City .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fb1da36a33d9b532cd6ff817e8139989", "text": "Garden State (film) Garden State is a 2004 American romantic comedy-drama film , written and directed by Zach Braff and starring Braff , Natalie Portman , Peter Sarsgaard , and Ian Holm . The film centers on Andrew Largeman ( Braff ) , a 26-year-old actor/waiter who returns to his hometown in New Jersey after his mother dies . Braff based the film on his real life experiences . It was filmed in April and May 2003 and released on July 28 , 2004 . New Jersey was the main setting and primary shooting location . Garden State received positive reviews upon its release and has garnered a cult following . It was an official selection of the Sundance Film Festival . The film also spawned a soundtrack for which Braff , who picked the music himself , won a Grammy Award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "01eca0127bfb875a4607bf56b67f12e0", "text": "Aurealis Award for best young adult novel The Aurealis Awards are presented annually by the Australia-based Chimaera Publications and WASFF to published works to `` recognise the achievements of Australian science fiction , fantasy , horror writers '' . To qualify , a work must have been first published by an Australian citizen or permanent resident between 1 January and 31 December of the corresponding year ; the presentation ceremony is held the following year . It has grown from a small function of around 20 people to a two-day event attended by over 200 people . Since their creation in 1995 , awards have been given in various categories of speculative fiction . Categories currently include science fiction , fantasy , horror , speculative young adult fiction -- with separate awards for novels and short fiction -- collections , anthologies , illustrative works or graphic novels , children 's books , and an award for excellence in speculative fiction . The awards have attracted the attention of publishers by setting down a benchmark in science fiction and fantasy . The continued sponsorship by publishers such as HarperCollins and Orbit has added weight to the honour of the award . The results are decided by a panel of judges from a list of submitted nominees ; the long-list of nominees is reduced to a short-list of finalists . Ties can occur if the panel decides that both entries show equal merit , however they are encouraged to choose a single winner . The judges are selected from a public application process by the Award 's management team . This article lists all the short-list nominees and winners in the best young-adult novel category , as well as novels that have been highly commended . Three people have won the award twice -- Isobelle Carmody , Garth Nix and Scott Westerfeld . Westerfeld holds the record for most nominations with eight , and Rory Barnes has the most nominations without winning , having been a losing finalist five times .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "015e28c8c4dc39858fae3737288827d1", "text": "Not as a Stranger Not as a Stranger is a 1955 Drama film produced and directed by Stanley Kramer based on the 1954 novel of the same name by Morton Thompson . The romantic melodrama novel was widely popular , topping that year 's list of bestselling novels in the United States . The film was Kramer 's directorial debut and featured Olivia de Havilland and Robert Mitchum in the lead roles , backed by a stellar supporting cast including Frank Sinatra , Gloria Grahame , Broderick Crawford , Charles Bickford , Lon Chaney , Jr. , Harry Morgan , and Lee Marvin . The film was released by United Artists . Sinatra had catapulted back into the limelight as the result of a supporting role for a film from a similarly popular novel , From Here to Eternity , two years earlier . Initially a minor box office success , Not as a Stranger is seldom seen today , never receiving widespread distribution on home video . It was first released on DVD in 1992 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "06bee763ab88bf322c23edce2ef326cd", "text": "Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards 2014 The 20th Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards honoring the best in film for 2014 were announced on December 15 , 2014 . These awards `` recognizing extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association ( DFWFCA ) , based in the Dallas -- Fort Worth metroplex region of Texas . The organization , founded in 1990 , includes 30 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications based in north Texas . The Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association began presenting its annual awards list in 1993 . Birdman was the DFWFCA 's most awarded film of 2014 , taking five top honors . Birdman won in Best Picture , Best Actor ( Michael Keaton ) , Best Director ( Alejandro G. Iñárritu ) , Best Cinematography ( Emmanuel Lubezki ) , and Best Screenplay ( Alejandro G. Iñárritu , Nicolás Giacobone , Alexander Dinelaris Jr. , and Armando Bo ) . Another film , Boyhood , earned multiple 2014 honors from the DFWFCA . The coming-of-age tale received top honors in the Best Supporting Actress ( Patricia Arquette ) as well as being presented the Russell Smith Award as the `` best low-budget or cutting-edge independent film '' of the year . The award is named in honor of late Dallas Morning News film critic Russell Smith . Reese Witherspoon was named Best Actress for her role as Cheryl Strayed in Wild . The other films earning honors were Sweden 's Force Majeure for Best Foreign Language Film , Citizenfour as Best Documentary Film , and The Lego Movie for Best Animated Film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "351f7e4acadce62cbab65a26f0bb7a37", "text": "The Theory of Everything (2014 film) The Theory of Everything is a 2014 British biographical romantic drama film directed by James Marsh and adapted by Anthony McCarten from the memoir Travelling to Infinity : My Life with Stephen by Jane Wilde Hawking , which deals with her relationship with her ex-husband , theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking , his diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( ALS , also known as Lou Gehrig 's disease or motor neurone disease ) , and his success in physics . The film stars Eddie Redmayne and Felicity Jones with Charlie Cox , Emily Watson , Simon McBurney , Christian McKay , Harry Lloyd and David Thewlis featured in supporting roles . The film had its world premiere at the 2014 Toronto International Film Festival on 7 September 2014 . The film was acclaimed critically worldwide , with praise for the musical score , cinematography and the performance of Felicity Jones and especially Eddie Redmayne , which earned him nominations for a variety of accolades in award shows and film festivals , including the Academy Award for Best Actor . The film received four Golden Globe Award nominations , winning the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor -- Motion Picture Drama for Redmayne and Best Original Score for Jóhannsson . It received three Screen Actors Guild Awards nominations , winning one for the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role for Redmayne . It received 10 British Academy Film Awards nominations and won Outstanding British Film , Best Leading Actor ( for Redmayne ) and Best Adapted Screenplay ( for McCarten ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab182677094177a6b0078955640f1438", "text": "Lyndon Smith Lyndon Smith ( born June 7 , 1989 ) is an American actress . She is known for her roles as Natalie on the NBC drama series Parenthood , and as Dierdre on the TNT police drama series , Public Morals .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cb72b06f9c1e0a67d22e3bc5ff4fe4b2", "text": "The Science of Interstellar The Science of Interstellar is a non-fiction book by American theoretical physicist Kip Thorne with the foreword by Christopher Nolan . The book was initially published on November 7 , 2014 by W. W. Norton & Company . This is his second full-size book for non-scientists after Black Holes and Time Warps , released in 1994 . The Science of Interstellar is a follow-up text for the 2014 movie Interstellar , starring Matthew McConaughey , Anne Hathaway , and Jessica Chastain .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3dc96ad219da48d7f61aab9ac54248de", "text": "The People vs. George Lucas The People vs. George Lucas is a 2010 documentary comedy film directed by Swiss director Alexandre O. Philippe . It explores the issues of filmmaking and fanaticism pertaining to the Star Wars franchise and its creator , George Lucas . The film combines filmmaker and celebrity interviews with fan films , mainly taken from the 2010 online video Star Wars Uncut , which were submitted via the film 's site . Interviewees include a variety of figures such as Neil Gaiman , MC Frontalot and Gary Kurtz . Lucas himself appears frequently in archival footage , but is never interviewed directly . The film discusses the extent to which the Star Wars franchise is an artistic creation of Lucas and subject to his vision versus a social phenomenon that belongs to the general public of fans and their participatory/remix culture . The film is dedicated to interviewee Jason Nicholl , a blogger at nukethefridge.com who died before the film 's release . The film was released on DVD on October 25 , 2011 . In June 2014 , it was reported that a sequel , titled The People vs. George Lucas -- Episode II , is in development .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab776c8e054188f0657ac63f8105ecf6", "text": "Film series A film series ( also referred to as a film franchise ) is a collection of related films in succession that share the same fictional universe , or are marketed as a series . Sometimes the work is conceived from the beginning as a multiple-film work , for example the Three Colours series , but in most cases the success of the original film inspires further films to be made . Individual sequels are relatively common , but are not always successful enough to spawn further installments . The Marvel Cinematic Universe is the highest grossing film series in unadjusted US Dollar figures surpassing the Harry Potter , Star Wars , James Bond , and Peter Jackson 's The Lord of the Rings series . However , `` Star Wars '' has the highest when adjusted for inflation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6c83d52817cee10fc9beca13595b2372", "text": "Kingsman: The Golden Circle Kingsman : The Golden Circle is an upcoming 2017 British-American action spy comedy-drama film directed by Matthew Vaughn , and is the sequel to 2015 film Kingsman : The Secret Service . The series is based on the comic book The Secret Service , created by Dave Gibbons and Mark Millar . The film stars Colin Firth , Julianne Moore , Taron Egerton , Mark Strong , Halle Berry , Elton John , Channing Tatum and Jeff Bridges , and is scheduled to be released on 22 September 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "68b403812be998422233c75a50ecc8b0", "text": "Alternate Realities (Cherryh) Alternate Realities is a 2000 omnibus collection of three short science fiction novels by American writer author C. J. Cherryh : Wave Without a Shore ( 1981 ) , Port Eternity ( 1982 ) , and Voyager in Night ( 1984 ) . All three novels are set in Cherryh 's Alliance-Union universe and share a common theme of people encountering and coping with a reality different from their own . The original books as well as the omnibus edition were all published by DAW Books . The novels are what Cherryh and her publisher at DAW , Donald A. Wollheim , referred to as `` magic cookie '' books . Such works explore unusual themes and ideas in science fiction , and can in some sense be seen as thought experiments . Wollheim encouraged Cherryh to experiment in this way during the late 1970s and early 1980s because he felt that the science fiction market would support such unusual offerings at the time . One consequence of this approach is that the original novels were therefore short by contemporary standards , each having only approximately 90,000 words . The relative brevity of the books facilitated DAW 's release of the omnibus edition in 2000 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2ab6dc1a2120b76e9aada80ff2f0501f", "text": "The Rise and Fall of Darth Vader The Rise and Fall of Darth Vader is a young adult novel set in the Star Wars universe . It tells the complete story of the title character from his introduction in Star Wars : Episode I -- The Phantom Menace to his death in Return of the Jedi , chronicling his early life as a slave on Tatooine to his transformation to the Sith Lord title character to his ultimate redemption . The hard cover book , which is 211 pages , was written by Ryder Windham and published in October 2007 . Anakin 's story begins when he is taken with his mother to be a slave to Gardulla the Hutt , rival of Jabba the Hutt , on Tatooine . The story continues from there through the rest of the Star Wars films . In 2008 , a sequel was published by Windham titled The Life and Legend of Obi-Wan Kenobi , which follows the complete story of Obi-Wan Kenobi in the complete saga . In 2009 , another sequel followed titled A New Hope : The Life of Luke Skywalker , telling the story of the Luke Skywalker throughout the Star Wars films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1445773c08da50707979a85167e4edf4", "text": "Houston Film Critics Society Awards 2010 The 4th Houston Film Critics Society Awards were presented on December 18 , 2010 . These awards for `` extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Houston Film Critics Society ( HFCS ) based in Houston , Texas . The organization , founded in 2007 , includes 22 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications in the greater Houston area . The awards are co-sponsored by the Houston Film Commission , Southwest Alternate Media Project , Women in Film and Television/Houston , WorldFest , and the Houston Cinema Arts Society . The nominations for the 2010 awards were announced on December 12 , 2010 . Eligible films do not need to have played or opened in a Houston film theater prior to the nomination deadline , merely made available to the HFCS membership at a screening or on DVD . Along with the 13 `` best of '' category awards , this year also saw the introduction of a new category for `` Worst Movies of the Year '' . The Social Network , True Grit , and 127 Hours each received six nominations , all including the Best Picture , Actor , Direction , and Original Score categories . The Social Network was the HFCS 's most awarded film of 2010 taking top honors in the Best Picture , Best Director ( David Fincher ) , Best Actor ( Jesse Eisenberg ) , and Best Screenplay ( Aaron Sorkin ) categories . Inception was the only other film to garner multiple awards , winning both the Best Original Score ( Hans Zimmer ) and Best Cinematography ( Wally Pfister ) prizes . The other acting awards went to Natalie Portman as Best Actress for Black Swan , Hailee Steinfeld as Best Supporting Actress for True Grit , and Christian Bale as Best Supporting Actor for The Fighter . The remaining film honors went to Toy Story 3 as Best Animated Film , Restrepo as Best Documentary , and The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo as Best Foreign Language Film . `` We Are Sex Bob-Omb '' by Beck from Scott Pilgrim vs. the World was named the Best Original Song . The HFCS 's first-ever award for `` Worst Picture '' was given to Jonah Hex starring Josh Brolin . In addition to the category awards , the HFCS presented their annual Lifetime Achievement Award to Sissy Spacek and its Humanitarian Award to George Clooney . Clooney was selected for `` selflessly using his celebrity for greater good '' . The HFCS award for Outstanding Achievement in Cinema awards were presented to Charles Dove , director of the Rice University Media Center , and Hector Luna , the founder and editor of C-47 Houston .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e7441391498199ea31e3d6b7af5268bf", "text": "Rachel Portman Rachel Mary Berkeley Portman , OBE ( born 11 December 1960 ) is an English composer who is best known for scoring films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b259887db7806f3f5e307e88e4cf3659", "text": "List of accolades received by Star Wars: The Force Awakens Star Wars : The Force Awakens is a 2015 epic space opera film directed , co-produced , and co-written by J. J. Abrams . The seventh installment in the main Star Wars film series , and first of three in Star Wars sequel trilogy , it stars Harrison Ford , Mark Hamill , Carrie Fisher , Adam Driver , Daisy Ridley , John Boyega , Oscar Isaac , Lupita Nyong ` o , Andy Serkis , Domhnall Gleeson , Anthony Daniels , and Max von Sydow . The Force Awakens is set 30 years after Return of the Jedi ; it follows Rey , Finn , and Poe Dameron 's search for Luke Skywalker and their fight alongside the Resistance , led by veterans of the Rebel Alliance , against Kylo Ren and the First Order , a successor group to the Galactic Empire . The Force Awakens was premiered by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures in Los Angeles on December 14 , and was released in United States and Canada on December 18 , 2015 . The Force Awakens opened across 14,300 theaters , breaking numerous box-office records and became the first film to earn more than $ 100 million worldwide in a single day . The film grossed a worldwide total of over $ 2 billion on a production budget of $ 306 million becoming the highest-grossing release of 2015 , and the fastest film to earn $ 1 billion worldwide , doing so in twelve-days . The Force Awakens became the third film in history to surpass $ 2 billion worldwide ( after Avatar ( 2009 ) and Titanic ( 1997 ) ) , doing so on its 53rd day of release . Rotten Tomatoes , a review aggregator , surveyed 360 reviews and judged 92 percent to be positive . The Force Awakens garnered many awards and nominations in a variety of categories with particular praise for Abrams ' direction , its action sequences , visual effects , editing and Ridley 's and Boyega 's performances . Several awards held their nominations before the December release of The Force Awakens , making the film ineligible for the 73rd Golden Globe Awards and some other awards ceremonies . However , the film was added to the 21st Critics ' Choice Awards 's slate of best picture nominees after a special vote by the board of directors , and the announcement of the 2015 American Film Institute Awards was delayed until after the release of film , where it was named one of Top Ten Films of the year . The Force Awakens received five nominations at the 88th Academy Awards as Best Original Score , Best Sound Editing , Best Sound Mixing , Best Film Editing and Best Visual Effects . The film garnered four nominations at 69th British Academy Film Awards , and won for Best Special Visual Effects and a special BAFTA Rising Star Award for John Boyega . At the 21st Empire Awards , the film received nine nominations and won five including Best Sci-Fi/Fantasy Film , and Best Director for J.J. Abrams . The Force Awakens became the most nominated film in Saturn Awards history with total of thirteen nominations at 42nd Saturn Awards and won eight including Best Science Fiction Film , Best Director and Best Special Effects . The film received seven nominations from the Visual Effects Society , winning four including Outstanding Visual Effects in an Effects Driven Feature Motion Picture . Star Wars : The Force Awakens received eleven nominations at MTV Movie Awards , the most for the ceremony and won three including Movie of the Year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "363707d675f0a005885c6618422cdada", "text": "Cate Blanchett on screen and stage Cate Blanchett is an Australian actress who has extensively appeared in film and stage . She made her stage debut in 1992 by playing Electra in the National Institute of Dramatic Art production of the same name . She followed it with performances in Timothy Daly 's Kafka Dances ( 1993 ) and the Sydney Theatre Company stage production of Oleanna ( 1993 ) opposite Geoffrey Rush . Blanchett won the Sydney Theatre Critics Award for Best Newcomer for the former and Best Actress for the latter , making her the first person to win both awards at once . She went on to perform several roles on stage , notably Susan Traherne in Plenty ( 1999 ) , Hedda Gabler in Hedda Gabler ( 2004 ) , Blanche DuBois in A Streetcar Named Desire ( 2009 ) , Yelena in Uncle Vanya ( 2011 ) and Claire in The Maids ( 2013 ) . In 1997 , Blanchett made her feature film debut in a supporting role in the World War II drama Paradise Road . The same year , she had her first leading role in Oscar and Lucinda , which earned her an AACTA Award nomination for Best Actress . Blanchett received worldwide attention for playing Queen Elizabeth I of England in the acclaimed drama Elizabeth ( 1998 ) . Her performance garnered her a Golden Globe and a BAFTA Award for Best Actress and her first Academy Award nomination for Best Actress . Elizabeth and her next film , the thriller The Talented Mr. Ripley ( 1999 ) , performed well at the box office . However , her other 1999 releasesthe widely praised An Ideal Husband and the largely panned Pushing Tinwere unsuccessful . Blanchett found greater success for portraying Galadriel in Peter Jackson 's epic fantasy trilogy The Lord of the Rings ( 2001-03 ) . During this period , she also appeared in several films which had mixed reception and performed poorly at the box office . She won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress , among other honors for portraying Katharine Hepburn in Martin Scorsese 's 2004 drama The Aviator , making her the only actor to win an Oscar for portraying another Oscar-winning actor . Her only screen appearance in 2005 was in Little Fish , for which she won the AACTA Award for Best Actress . Blanchett 's performance in the 2006 thriller Notes on a Scandal garnered her another Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress . In 2007 , she received both Best Actress and Best Supporting Actress Oscar nominations for her roles in Elizabeth : The Golden Age and I 'm Not There , becoming one of the few actors to achieve this feat . In 2008 , Blanchett appeared in Steven Spielberg 's action adventure Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull and David Fincher 's fantasy drama The Curious Case of Benjamin Button . She briefly reprised her role of Galadriel in the The Hobbit trilogy ( 2012-14 ) . For her performance as the titular socialite in Woody Allen 's 2013 drama Blue Jasmine , Blanchett won the Golden Globe , the BAFTA Award , the SAG Award and the Academy Award for Best Actress . In 2014 , she voiced Valka in the $ 620 million-grossing animated fantasy How to Train Your Dragon 2 . In 2015 , she received praise for playing Lady Tremaine in Disney 's live action film Cinderella , Mary Mapes in Truth and the titular character in Todd Haynes 's romantic drama Carol . Cinderella was a notable box office success while Carol garnered her seventh Oscar nomination . Blanchett made her Broadway debut in 2017 with The Present , receiving her first Tony Award nomination for the Best Actress in a Play .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e79dbd186dbe4bd7550d0ac7f223936a", "text": "Oscar Martinez (The Office) Oscar San Juan Martinez is a fictional character from the US mockumentary-style television series The Office played by Cuban actor Oscar Nunez . Martinez was one of the few openly gay characters in broadcast television at the time that the series aired . Although Nunez , who is straight , did not know his character might be gay when he first signed on , he has no issues with the character 's sexuality as long as the material is funny . For the 2006 -- 2007 season , Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation ( GLAAD ) reported he was the only LGBT ( lesbian , gay , bisexual , transgender ) person of color character on a regular series . For the 2007 -- 2008 season he was the `` only remaining gay character on a half-hour comedy program '' and the only LGBT lead or supporting character who is a person of color . For the 2009 -- 2010 season , Martinez was one of four people of color LGBT regular series characters ; in 2010 -- 2011 there were six and in 2011 -- 2012 there were five.Along with doctor Callie Torres on Grey 's Anatomy , and gay nurse Angel Garcia on Mercy , Martinez are Latino/a , and forensic facial reconstruction artist Angela Montenegro on Bones , is an Asian-Pacific Islander . ( Where we are on TV : GLAAD 's 14th Annual Diversity Study Previews the 2009-2010 Primetime Television Season , Taj Paxton , Jonathan Rosales , Callan Koenig , Brian MacKough , Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation . ) For the 2009-2010 season there are zero black LGBT series regular characters and one non-human , American Dad 's Roger the alien on Fox . For the 2009-2010 season , LGBT media watchdog group Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation ( GLAAD ) reported 3 percent of all regular characters were LGBT . ( Gay Characters on Network TV : 2009-10 , Hanh Nguyen and Rick Porter , Los Angeles Times , ) An increase from 2.6 percent in the 2008-2009 season and 1.1 percent in the 2007-2008 season . ( Gay Characters on Network TV : 2009-10 , Hanh Nguyen and Rick Porter , Los Angeles Times , ) For the 2010-2011 season there were six LGBT people of color characters . ( Where we are on TV : GLAAD 's Annual Diversity Study Previews the 2010-2011 Primetime Television Season , Taj Paxton , Matthew Kane , Lauren Mattia , Rob Avruch , Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation . ) For the 2011-2012 season there were five LGBT people of color characters . ( Where we are on TV : GLAAD 's Annual Diversity Study Previews the 2011-2012 Primetime Television Season , September 2011 , Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation . ) Martinez is an accountant at the Scranton , Pennsylvania , office of the paper distribution company Dunder Mifflin and gets his first name from Núñez ; series producer Greg Daniels felt that `` Oscar '' sounded like a good accountant 's name . He is a first-generation Mexican American . He is also openly gay after being outed by his then boss Michael Scott in `` Gay Witch Hunt '' , the third-season premiere episode devoted to the outing . However , the character was implied to be gay in the second-season episode `` The Secret '' , when Dwight catches him faking sickness to spend the day with his boyfriend ( Dwight remains oblivious to this detail as he was obsessed with proving that Oscar was not ill ) . As a result , in earlier episodes , many co-workers erroneously attribute to him various Mexican stereotypes ( e.g. being involved in drug cartels ) but after his outing , his stereotypes are more focused on his being gay , particularly by Michael , which may explain their conflicted relationship . Núñez explained in a 2008 interview that the character variously feels amusement , pity and hatred towards his fictional boss . He has no specific counterpart in the original British series . Oscar is known for being a rational , quietly efficient , and intellectual worker in the office , often the one who will ask pointed financial questions that his colleagues will not or that Michael avoids answering . Martinez refers to himself as being in the `` Coalition for Reason '' with Jim and Pam Halpert . According to Núñez , the three `` are there to set up the comic situations '' for boss Michael and Dwight Schrute , Michael 's toady . He explained , `` We can still be funny but we are definitely the ` straight guys ' . '' He is often the one who is able to clearly see the reality and logic in situations , including financial ones such as when Michael started up his own paper company or Ryan Howard 's online startup business . Because of this , Oscar is considered to be a know-it-all by many of his co-workers . Oscar is frequently exasperated by the antics of his coworkers and tends to find their humor offensive . He is reserved , not really exhibiting a desire for close contact with any of his co-workers , although he is friendly when not outwardly pedantic . In an AfterElton.com interview , Núñez explained he plays the character like an accountant , who happens to be gay , and just trying to do his work and not really interested in what the documentarians are filming . Actor Núñez references the character as a Log Cabin Republican , though no mention of this has occurred in the show . In the episode `` Dwight Christmas '' , he is in fact openly acknowledged as a Democrat . His more balanced and normal personality makes him an everyman type character , contrasting with the generally extroverted people with whom he works . He 's also a charter member of the company 's three-person ( and exclusive ) `` Finer Things Club '' with Pam and Toby Flenderson . He and co-worker Kevin Malone seem to have a strong friendship with each other , often a dynamic where Oscar is often the calm , rational one while Kevin is the fun-loving one .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4de3f6ac51630e1b455809ec19079e44", "text": "Port Royale: Gold, Power and Pirates Port Royale is a business simulation game set in the Caribbean and partly the Atlantic during the 16th and 17th centuries . Created by Ascaron Entertainment in 2003 , it combines business -- economic simulation with real-time battles and towns that can be visited for trade and other purposes . The sequel Port Royale 2 was released about a year after in September 2004 . On 2 August 2011 the publisher Kalypso Media who purchased many of the licenses and assets from Ascaron Entertainment during its insolvency , announced that they had acquired the licences of the Port Royale installment . They announced also that they were already working on the third title which is named `` Port Royale 3 '' and it was released for the PC and consoles -- without mentioning which consoles was meant . Therefore , Port Royale 3 was actually released on the second quarter of 2012 . Kalypso Media also demonstrated Port Royale 3 with a playable preview upon the Gamescom trade fair which was held from 17 to 21 August 2011 at Cologne , Germany . It is an open-ended game and the players can choose any type of career that they wish , including trading and interactions with pirates ( including privateering ) . There are also many other activities in the game besides trading or hunting down pirates . Players can visit governors in towns and accept missions from them as long as their reputation with the country is good enough . Missions include armed transport and tracking down lost relatives that have been kidnapped by an NPC called Axesmith ( whom the player can choose , eventually , to defeat outright in battle ) . Treasure maps , purchased in pieces from around the game board , can also lead to newfound wealth and even the creation of a private port . An important part of the game are the colonial nations in the Caribbean ( Spain , France , England and The Netherlands ) and their relationships . There are a total of 12 different ship types available to players , of increasing cost , efficacy in battle and room for cargo . They range from the small pinnace , to a large ship of the line .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d914ef2eb5e19915089aca80a351b873", "text": "Millennium Falcon The Millennium Falcon is a spaceship in the Star Wars universe commanded at one time by Corellian smuggler Han Solo ( Harrison Ford ) and his Wookiee first mate , Chewbacca ( Peter Mayhew ) . The highly modified Corellian Engineering Corporation ( CEC ) YT-1300 light freighter first appears in Star Wars ( 1977 ) , and subsequently in The Empire Strikes Back ( 1980 ) , Return of the Jedi ( 1983 ) and The Force Awakens ( 2015 ) . The ship also makes a brief cameo appearance in Revenge of the Sith ( 2005 ) . Additionally , the Falcon appears in a variety of Star Wars expanded universe materials , including books , comics , and games ; James Luceno 's novel Millennium Falcon focuses on the titular ship . It also appears in the 2014 animated film The Lego Movie in Lego form , with Billy Dee Williams and Anthony Daniels reprising their roles of Lando Calrissian and C-3PO , with Keith Ferguson voicing Han Solo .", "title": "" } ]
fever
cf3f72fc5bf1f27f28df5e9c078f8395
Tyrion Lannister is a real person.
[ { "docid": "273923918128622be0211c96cef3477b", "text": "Tyrion Lannister Tyrion Lannister ( also referred to as `` the Imp '' or `` the Halfman '' ) is a fictional character in A Song of Ice and Fire , a series of fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin , and its television adaptation Game of Thrones . Based on an idea that came to Martin while writing the 1981 novel Windhaven , Tyrion has been called one of the author 's finest creations and most popular characters by The New York Times . Martin has named the character as his favorite in the series . Introduced in 1996 's A Game of Thrones , Tyrion is a dwarf and member of House Lannister , one of the wealthiest and most powerful families in the fictional kingdom of Westeros . He subsequently appeared in Martin 's A Clash of Kings ( 1998 ) and A Storm of Swords ( 2000 ) . Tyrion was one of a few prominent characters that were not included in 2005 's A Feast for Crows , but returned in the next novel A Dance with Dragons ( 2011 ) . The character will also appear in the forthcoming volume The Winds of Winter . The popularity of the character led Martin and Bantam Books to publish The Wit & Wisdom of Tyrion Lannister , an illustrated collection of Tyrion quotes from the novels , in 2013 . In the story , Tyrion uses his status as a Lannister to mitigate the impact of the marginalization and derision he has received all of his life -- even from his own family . Knowing that no one will ever take him seriously , he soothes his inadequacies with wine , wit , and self-indulgence . But as the peaceful rule of King Robert Baratheon begins to come apart , Tyrion sees how ill-equipped his family are to hold everything together . He first saves his own neck from the vengeful Catelyn Stark and her sister Lysa Arryn , then is tasked by his father Tywin to impose order on the capital of King 's Landing -- as well as his nephew Joffrey , the new king -- as civil war is sparked . Tyrion struggles to strengthen and protect the city and family who hate him and refuse to see the peril they are in ; when his father returns , Tyrion becomes vulnerable to the wrath and machinations of the self-serving courtiers who surround Joffrey -- including Tyrion 's own scheming sister Cersei . Tyrion escapes death again but at great cost , and in fleeing Westeros finds himself in even more danger , but without his Lannister resources . Peter Dinklage has garnered enormous praise for his portrayal of the character . In 2011 , Dinklage received the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series and later the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor in a Series , Miniseries , or Television Film for his portrayal of Tyrion in the HBO series . He won the Emmy again in 2015 . Among other accolades , Dinklage has been nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award in 2012 , 2013 , 2014 , and 2016 .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "f8146a9e7fd4aca78a0b74d3fe10ffed", "text": "American upper class The American upper class is a social group consisting of the people who have the highest social rank and who are usually rich . People of this social class are socioeconomically distinguishable from other classes by its greater influence , power , and wealth . The American upper class is composed of members born into this class , called members of Old money ; as well as those who have acquired their wealth and influence within their own generation , called the Nouveau riche . In a CNBC Millionaire Survey it can be observed that a majority of millionaires polled , representing the wealthiest 10 percent of Americans , described themselves as middle class ( 44 % ) or upper middle class ( 40 % ) . `` The study of attitudes is reasonably easy -LSB- ... -RSB- it 's concluded that for roughly 70 % of the population -- the lower 70 % on the wealth/income scale -- they have no influence on policy whatsoever . They 're effectively disenfranchised . As you move up the wealth/income ladder , you get a little bit more influence on policy . When you get to the top , which is maybe a tenth of one percent , people essentially get what they want , i.e. they determine the policy . So the proper term for that is not democracy ; it 's plutocracy . '' -- Noam Chomsky . Many Politicians , heirs to fortunes , top business executives , CEOs , successful venture capitalists , those born into high society , and some celebrities may be considered members of this class . Some prominent and high-rung professionals may also be included if they attain great influence and wealth . The main distinguishing feature of this class , which is estimated to constitute roughly 1 % of the population , is the source of income . While the vast majority of people and households derive their income from wages or salaries , those in the upper class derive their income from investments and capital gains . Estimates for the size of this group commonly vary from 1 % to 2 % , while some surveys have indicated that as many as 6 % of Americans identify as `` upper class . '' Sociologist Leonard Beeghley sees wealth as the only significant distinguishing feature of this class and , therefore , refers to this group simply as `` the rich . '' Sociologists such as W. Lloyd Warner , William Thompson and Joseph Hickey recognize prestige differences between members of the upper class . Established families , prominent professionals and politicians may be deemed to have more prestige than some entertainment celebrities who in turn may have more prestige than the members of local elites . Yet , contemporary sociologists argue that all members of the upper class share such great wealth , influence and assets as their main source of income as to be recognized as members of the same social class . As great financial fortune is the main distinguishing feature of this class , sociologist Leonard Beeghley at the University of Florida identifies all `` rich '' households , those with incomes in the top 1 % or so , as upper class . In 1998 , Bob Herbert of The New York Times referred to modern American plutocrats as `` The Donor Class '' ( list of top donors ) and defined the class , for the first time , as `` a tiny group -- just one-quarter of 1 percent of the population -- and it is not representative of the rest of the nation . But its money buys plenty of access . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "28563a7ec5e6d1ac78e1f62a5336c54c", "text": "Legal fiction A legal fiction is a fact assumed or created by courts which is then used in order to apply a legal rule . Typically , a legal fiction allows the court to ignore a fact that would prevent it from exercising its jurisdiction , by simply assuming that the fact is different . This is the case with the Bill of Middlesex where the Court of King 's Bench could only exercise jurisdiction over cases which took place in the historic English county of Middlesex . To allow the Court , which was the central court of the land , to take jurisdiction over other cases , parties began to plead that , along with the other facts , there had also been a trespass which occurred in Middlesex . This allowed the King 's Bench to rule on the whole of the case . Legal fictions are different from legal presumptions which assume a certain state of facts until the opposite is proved , such as the presumption of legitimacy . They are different from hypothetical examples , such as the ` reasonable person ' which serve as tools for the court to express its reasoning . They are also different from legal principles which create a legal state of affairs that is different from the underlying facts , such as corporate personhood although these are sometimes wrongly called legal fictions . The term `` legal fiction '' is not usually used in a pejorative way , and has been likened to scaffolding around a building under construction .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da847839a00ec1380c0b8e7309a18cc2", "text": "List of Oxfordian theory supporters This is a list of confirmed public supporters of the Oxfordian theory of Shakespeare authorship , which was first promulgated in 1920 . Percy Allen -- journalist , theatre historian Mark Anderson -- journalist , researcher , author , astrophysicist Charles Wisner Barrell -- researcher , author Chris Barron -- American musician , singer , song writer and poet Charles Beauclerk , Earl of Burford -- writer Charles Sidney Beauclerk -- Jesuit priest Louis P. Bénézet -- American school reformer Harry Blackmun -- U.S. Supreme Court Justice Marjorie Bowen -- British historian , biographer , novelist Gelett Burgess -- author , critic , poet , artist John Byrne -- British-born Canadian-American comic book artist and writer Michael Chiklis -- actor Montagu William Douglas -- soldier and colonial administrator . Roland Emmerich -- film director , screenwriter , producer ; producer and director of Anonymous ( 2011 ) William Farina -- biographer , nonfiction researcher and author , essayist Bert Fields -- lawyer and writer Sigmund Freud -- pioneer of psychoanalysis Sir John Gielgud -- Shakespearean actor , president of the International Shakespeare Association 1974 -- 2000 Michael H. Hart -- astrophysicist , author of The 100 : A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History Warren Hope -- academic , university English professor , author Christmas Humphreys -- British barrister , judge , author , Buddhist scholar Jeremy Irons -- actor Sir Derek Jacobi -- Shakespearean actor , director Richard Kennedy -- American children 's book writer J. Thomas Looney -- British school teacher , researcher , author David McCullough -- historian , author , biographer Paul Nitze -- longtime high-ranking U.S. government official and Presidential advisor , ambassador Charlton Greenwood Ogburn -- lawyer Charlton Ogburn -- investigative journalist , researcher , author John Orloff -- screenwriter Gerald Henry Rendall -- professor of Greek Mark Rylance -- Shakespearean actor and director , director of Shakespeare 's Globe Theatre 1995 -- 2005 Antonin Scalia -- U.S. Supreme Court Justice Joseph Sobran -- journalist , author , researcher John Paul Stevens -- U.S. Supreme Court Justice Roger Stritmatter -- Professor of Humanities at Coppin State University and the general editor of Brief Chronicles Peter A. Sturrock -- British astrophysicist , Stanford University professor of applied physics , Arctowski Medalist , author of AKA Shakespeare : A Scientific Approach to the Authorship Question Bernard Mordaunt Ward -- military officer , author Alexander Waugh -- writer Michael York -- actor", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d4c89153a0354de20910412d005fd515", "text": "The Real In philosophy , the real is that which is the authentic , unchangeable truth . It may be considered a primordial , external dimension of experience , referred to as the infinite and absolute , as opposed to a reality contingent on sense perception and the material order . The Real is often considered irreducible to the symbolic order of lived experience , but may be gestured to in certain cases , such as the experience of the sublime .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e6c6b75d232d605a21d273483bbab25a", "text": "Timeline of Shakespeare criticism Timeline of Shakespeare criticism is an informal term that presents a chronological collection of critical quotations about William Shakespeare and his works , which illustrate the article Shakespeare 's reputation . Shakespeare enjoyed recognition in his own time , but in the 17th century , poets and authors began to consider him as the supreme dramatist and poet of all times of the English language . In fact , even today , no other dramatist has been performed even remotely as often on the British ( and later the world ) stage as Shakespeare Since then , several editors and critics of theater began to focus on the dramatic text and the language of Shakespeare , creating a study that focused on extracting all the power of his literary texts , being used in studies on the printed page rather than in the theater . This attitude reached a high point with the Romantics , which saw his figure as a genius , prophet , and Bard -- and continued important in the last century , receiving analysis not only by poets and authors , but also by psychoanalysts , psychologists and philosophers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e05956e8ed91bed9a8dd89213d43da62", "text": "Thor (Marvel Comics) Thor Odinson is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . The character , based on the Norse mythological deity of the same name , is the Asgardian god of thunder and possesses the enchanted hammer Mjolnir , which grants him the ability of flight and weather manipulation amongst his other superhuman attributes . Debuting in the Silver Age of Comic Books , the character first appeared in Journey into Mystery # 83 ( Aug. 1962 ) and was created by editor-plotter Stan Lee , scripter Larry Lieber , and penciller-plotter Jack Kirby . He has starred in several ongoing series and limited series , and is a founding member of the superhero team the Avengers , appearing in each volume of that series . The character has also appeared in associated Marvel merchandise including animated television series , clothing , toys , trading cards , video games , and movies . The character was first portrayed in live action by Eric Allan Kramer in the 1988 television movie The Incredible Hulk Returns . Chris Hemsworth portrays Thor in the Marvel Cinematic Universe films Thor , The Avengers , Thor : The Dark World and Avengers : Age of Ultron and will reprise his role in Thor : Ragnarok , Avengers : Infinity War , and its untitled sequel . Thor placed 14th on IGN 's list of `` Top 100 Comic Book Heroes of All Time '' in 2011 , and first in their list of `` The Top 50 Avengers '' in 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e98b17573fc9b62d0f91d23932fc86c4", "text": "Look-alike A look-alike , or double , is a person who closely resembles another person . In popular Western culture , a look-alike is a person who bears a close physical resemblance to a celebrity , politician , or member of royalty . Many look-alikes earn a living by making guest appearances at public events or by performing on television or film , playing the person they resemble . A large variety of celebrity look-alike images can be found throughout the web , including images placed by professional agencies that offer their services . Look-alikes have also figured prominently , at least since the 19th century , in literature ; and since the 20th century , in films and television programs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1b8ef3cfee29c5c00e2e0285408b1e19", "text": "Theodicy and the Bible Theodicy , in its most common form , is the attempt to answer the question of why a good God permits the manifestation of evil . Theodicy attempts to resolve the evidential problem of evil by reconciling the traditional divine characteristics of omnibenevolence and omnipotence , in either their absolute or relative form , with the occurrence of evil or suffering in the world . `` Writings and discourses on theodicy by Jews , Greeks , Christians , and Eastern religions have graced our planet for thousands of years , '' and `` debates about theodicy continue among believers and unbelievers alike '' . Theodicy is an `` intensely urgent '' and `` constant concern '' of `` the entire Bible '' . Relating theodicy and the Bible is crucial to understanding Abrahamic theodicy because the Bible `` has been , both in theory and in fact , the dominant influence upon ideas about God and evil in the Western world '' . The Bible raises the issue of theodicy by its portrayals of God as inflicting evil and by its accounts of people who question God 's goodness by their angry indictments . However , the Bible `` contains no comprehensive theodicy '' . `` The most common theodicy is the free will theodicy . '' It lays the blame for all moral evil and some natural evil on humanity 's misuse of its free will . This article shows that the free will theodicy interacts with the Bible at its core : what Jesus and Paul say about the freedom of the will and with what kind of freedom of the will God endowed humanity at the Creation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ddf08f4c24e7aeaa2c012f56de9fbb50", "text": "Dandy A dandy historically , is a man who places particular importance upon physical appearance , refined language , and leisurely hobbies , pursued with the appearance of nonchalance in a cult of self . A dandy could be a self-made man who strove to imitate an aristocratic lifestyle despite coming from a middle-class background , especially in late 18th - and early 19th-century Britain . Previous manifestations of the petit-maître ( French for small master ) and the Muscadin have been noted by John C. Prevost , but the modern practice of dandyism first appeared in the revolutionary 1790s , both in London and in Paris . The dandy cultivated cynical reserve , yet to such extremes that novelist George Meredith , himself no dandy , once defined cynicism as `` intellectual dandyism . '' Some took a more benign view ; Thomas Carlyle wrote in Sartor Resartus that a dandy was no more than `` a clothes-wearing man '' . Honoré de Balzac introduced the perfectly worldly and unmoved Henri de Marsay in La fille aux yeux d'or ( 1835 ) , a part of La Comédie Humaine , who fulfils at first the model of a perfect dandy , until an obsessive love-pursuit unravels him in passionate and murderous jealousy . Charles Baudelaire defined the dandy , in the later `` metaphysical '' phase of dandyism , as one who elevates æsthetics to a living religion , that the dandy 's mere existence reproaches the responsible citizen of the middle class : `` Dandyism in certain respects comes close to spirituality and to stoicism '' and `` These beings have no other status , but that of cultivating the idea of beauty in their own persons , of satisfying their passions , of feeling and thinking ... . Dandyism is a form of Romanticism . Contrary to what many thoughtless people seem to believe , dandyism is not even an excessive delight in clothes and material elegance . For the perfect dandy , these things are no more than the symbol of the aristocratic superiority of mind . '' The linkage of clothing with political protest had become a particularly English characteristic during the 18th century . Given these connotations , dandyism can be seen as a political protest against the levelling of egalitarian principles , often including nostalgic adherence to feudal or pre-industrial values , such as the ideals of `` the perfect gentleman '' or `` the autonomous aristocrat '' . Paradoxically , the dandy required an audience , as Susann Schmid observed in examining the `` successfully marketed lives '' of Oscar Wilde and Lord Byron , who exemplify the dandy 's roles in the public sphere , both as writers and as personae providing sources of gossip and scandal . Nigel Rodgers in The Dandy : Peacock or Enigma ? questions Wilde 's status as a genuine dandy , seeing him as someone who only assumed a dandified stance in passing , not a man dedicated to the exacting ideals of dandyism .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9561c3b5e88024fbac79fc5fb4d1699a", "text": "REAL Women of Canada REAL Women of Canada ( Vraies Femmes du Canada in French ) is a socially conservative advocacy group in Canada . The organization was founded in 1983 . REAL stands for `` Realistic , Equal , Active , for Life '' . The group believes that the nuclear family is the most important unit in Canadian society , and that the fragmentation of the Canadian family is a primary cause of social disorder . It lobbies the Government of Canada in favour of legislation to promote what it believes to be the Judeo-Christian model of family life , and to support homemaking . It is also opposed to feminism , abortion and LGBT rights ( and same-sex marriage in Canada as well ) . The group has intervened in Supreme Court of Canada cases such as R. v. Morgentaler ( 1993 ) and M. v. H. ( 1999 ) . In R. v. Sullivan ( 1991 ) it argued that a fetus is a person . Its objectives are , according to its website : To reaffirm that the family is society 's most important unit , since the nurturing of its members is best accomplished in the family setting . To promote the equality , advancement and well being of women , recognizing them as interdependent members of society , whether in the family , workplace or community . To promote , secure and defend legislation which upholds what it considers the Judeo-Christian understanding of marriage and family life . To support government and social policies that make homemaking possible for women who , out of necessity , would otherwise have to take employment outside the home . To support the right to life of all innocent individuals from conception to natural death . Part of their economic policies to help meet their objectives are increased tax relief for single-income families , families with children , and individuals with children . REAL Women is similar in political and social outlook to Phyllis Schlafly 's Eagle Forum and to Concerned Women for America in the United States . The organization has also heavily criticized individuals who have spoken out against Uganda 's criminalization of homosexual relations . On August 7 , 2013 , the group issued a statement criticizing Foreign Affairs Minister John Baird for speaking out on LGBT human rights issues in both Uganda and Russia as part of Canada 's foreign policy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fe979c57ba1b24dba14da9a14670e22c", "text": "Paraspace The term ` paraspace ' comes from Samuel R. Delany , a ` space ' existing parallel to normal or ordinary space . According to Delany , the para-space is an alternate space that ` exists parallel to the normal space of the diegesis -- a rhetorically heightened `` other realm ''' ( Bukatman 1993 : 157 ) . Bukatman ( 1993 : 157 ) says `` Cyberspace is clearly a '' paraspace ' . ' `` Delany connects cyberpunk to the mysterious lunar artifact of Algis Budrys ' Rogue Moon and early evocations of outer space , all of which use inflated rhetoric to differentiate `` paraspace '' from mundane dimensions '' Samuel Review Essay . Paraspace is defined by Barry Malzberg as `` the condition of hyperspace -LSB- that -RSB- is itself insane '' ( as cited by Bukatman , 1993 : 157 ) . Michael Fisch ( 2004 : 371 , citing Murakami , 2002 : 157 ) comments `` While the para-space is often inaugurated through cognition it is always a ` materially manifested ' and ` linguistically intensified ' space in which ` conflicts that begin in ordinary space are resolved ' '' ( Murakami 2002 : 157 ) . Implications Walter Benjamin ( 1936/1968 ) declare the end of storytelling because of its incapacity to relate traumatic experiences , such as warfare , shell shock in World War I . As work lost its spaces to practice not just storytelling , but storylistening , the skills of interpretation of experience atrophied . Paraspace is the hyperspace gone insane ( Malzberg , The worker flesh-body is displaced by the corporate ad-inventions , set on the global stage of `` technoorganic reconstructions of the flesh '' ( Bukatman , 1993 : 19 ) . Walter Benjamin ( 1936 ) declared that the art of storytelling is coming to an end . We can no longer tell a tale of trauma properly . We can no longer exchange our experiences of trauma of war ( PTSD ) , economic collapse sending millions into homelessness , including veterans of the recent wars , the ubiquitousness of sweatshops , and so on . Of relevance to paraspace , the lost art of storytelling has an accumulated effect ( Fisch , 2004 : p. 365 ) ; it gets worth with cyber-real . / When the ` real ' pokes through the cyberspace , it gets quickly displaced by obfuscation . Our ` real ' in hyperspace is not closer to Lacanian Real ( FIsch , p. 372 ) . Paraspace is invisible , yet has material consequences ( Bukatman , 1992 ) . Benjamin , W. ( 1936/1968 ) Illuminations , New York : Harcourt Brace & World . Bukatman , S. ( 1992 ) . Amidst These Fields of Data : Allegory , Rhetoric , and the Paraspace . Critique : Studies in Contemporary Fiction , 33 ( 3 ) , 199-219 . Bukatman , S. ( 1993 ) Terminal Identity : The Virtual Subject in Postmodern Science Fiction , Durham , NC : Duke University Press . Delany , Samuel R. ( 1988 ) . Some real mothers : An interview with Samuel R. Delany by Takayuki Tatsumi . '' Science Fiction Eye , 1 , # 3 : 5-11 . Fisch , M. ( 2004 , October ) . In search of the real : technology , shock and language in Murakami Haruki 's Sputnik Sweetheart . In Japan Forum ( Vol . 16 , No. 3 , pp. 361 -- 383 ) . Taylor & Francis . Murakami , H. ( 2002 ) Sputnik Sweetheart , trans . P. Gabriel , New York : Vintage International .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ff812569bfc5d93e9418b17d3f58a4c7", "text": "Tredegar House Tredegar House ( Welsh : Tŷ Tredegar ) is a 17th-century Charles II-era country house mansion in Coedkernew , at the western edge of the city of Newport , Wales . For over five hundred years it was home to the Morgan family , later Lords Tredegar ; one of the most powerful and influential families in the area . Described as `` The grandest and most exuberant country house '' in Monmouthshire and one of the `` outstanding houses of the Restoration period in the whole of Britain '' , the mansion stands in a reduced landscaped garden of 90 acre ( 0.14 of a square mile ) forming the non-residential part of Tredegar Park . The property became a Grade I listed building on 3 March 1952 and has been under the care of the National Trust since March 2012 . The Welsh name of the house is nowadays `` Tŷ Tredegar '' , but this is somewhat unauthentic and is obviously a translation of `` Tredegar House '' . The name is merely `` Tredegar '' historically , or to cite an earlier form ( 1550 ) `` Tredegyr '' ( the form Tredegar shows the influence of the local Gwentian dialect of Welsh ) . A form more in keeping with Welsh naming practice , instead of tŷ , would be Plas Tredegar or Plas Tredegyr but it does not seem that this was ever in use either . Tredegyr is `` farmstead of Tegyr '' ( tre , a form of tref = farmstead ) + soft mutation ( t > d ) + Tegyr . A Brythonic form * Tecorix ( fair king ) might be supposed , as such a form would have resulted in Welsh `` Tegyr '' following normal processes in the development of Welsh from Brythonic . There is a similar name in Denbighshire -- Botegyr , meaning `` Tegyr 's dwelling '' , < Bod Degyr < ( bod = dwelling ) + ( soft mutation t > d ) + ( Tegyr ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "24d22d9f72b4f8005f464a9df3675e93", "text": "Ned Stark Eddard `` Ned '' Stark is a fictional character in the first book of George R. R. Martin 's A Song of Ice and Fire series of fantasy novels and the first season of its television adaptation . Introduced in 1996 's A Game of Thrones , Ned is the honorable lord of Winterfell , an ancient fortress in the North of the fictional continent of Westeros . Though the character is established as a primary character in the novel and the TV adaptation , Martin 's plot twist at the end involving Ned shocked both readers of the book and viewers of the TV series . Ned is portrayed by Sean Bean in the first season of HBO 's adaptation of the series , Game of Thrones , and as a child and young man by Sebastian Croft and Robert Aramayo respectively in the sixth season . Bean was nominated for a Saturn Award for Best Actor on Television and a Scream Award for Best Fantasy Actor for the role . He and the rest of the cast were nominated for Screen Actors Guild Awards for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series in 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3a52d87940c98817438cb575eedbb409", "text": "Real People (disambiguation) Real People may refer to : Real People , a 1970s television show that aired on NBC in the United States Real People ( album ) , a 1980 album by funk/disco group Chic `` Real People '' ( song ) , by Chic The Real People , a British indie band Realpeople ( band ) , a sideproject of Zach F. Condon , better known from his solo musical project Beirut Real People ( Lyrics Born album ) , a 2015 album by rapper Lyrics Born", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e702919fa1c48d2a3b2c59ec64037bde", "text": "Game of Thrones (2014 video game) Game of Thrones is an episodic graphic adventure fantasy drama video game based on Game of Thrones , the TV adaptation of George R. R. Martin A Song of Ice and Fire fantasy series , released in December 2014 for Android , iOS , Microsoft Windows , OS X , PlayStation 3 , PlayStation 4 , Xbox 360 , and Xbox One . The game was developed by Telltale Games and follows the episodic format found in other Telltale titles , such as The Walking Dead , The Wolf Among Us , and Tales from the Borderlands , where player choices and actions influence later events across the 6-episode arc . The story revolves around the northern House Forrester , rulers of Ironrath , whose members , including the five playable characters , attempt to save their family and themselves after ending up on the losing side of the War of the Five Kings . The game includes settings , characters and voice actors from the novels and TV series . The game was generally well received , and Telltale is currently working on a second season of the game .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "30b9c8bdecf411d6a5c6de20010206ba", "text": "Knight A knight is a person granted an honorary title of knighthood by a monarch or other political leader for service to the monarch or country , especially in a military capacity . Historically , in Europe , knighthood was conferred upon mounted warriors . During the High Middle Ages , knighthood was considered a class of lower nobility . By the Late Middle Ages , the rank had become associated with the ideals of chivalry , a code of conduct for the perfect courtly Christian warrior . Often , a knight was a vassal who served as a fighter for a lord , with payment in the form of land holdings . The lords trusted the knights , who were skilled in battle on horseback . Since the early modern period , the title of knight is purely honorific , usually bestowed by a monarch , as in the British honours system , often for non-military service to the country . The modern female equivalent in the United Kingdom is Dame . Historically , the ideals of chivalry were popularized in medieval literature , especially the Matter of Britain and Matter of France , the former based on Geoffrey of Monmouth 's Historia Regum Britanniae ( History of the Kings of Britain ) which introduced the legend of King Arthur , written in the 1130s . Sir Thomas Malory 's Le Morte d'Arthur ( The Death of Arthur ) , written in 1485 , was important in defining the ideal of chivalry , which is essential to the modern concept of the knight , as an elite warrior sworn to uphold the values of faith , loyalty , courage , and honour . Furthermore , Geoffroi de Charny 's `` Book of Chivalry '' expounded upon the importance of Christian faith in every area of a knight 's life . During the Renaissance , the genre of chivalric romance became popular in literature , growing ever more idealistic and eventually giving rise to a new form of realism in literature popularised by Miguel de Cervantes ' Don Quixote . This novel explored the ideals of knighthood and their incongruity with the reality of Cervantes ' world . In the late medieval period , new methods of warfare began to render classical knights in armour obsolete , but the titles remained in many nations . Some orders of knighthood , such as the Knights Templar , have become the subject of legend ; others have disappeared into obscurity . Today , a number of orders of knighthood continue to exist in several countries , such as the English Order of the Garter , the Swedish Royal Order of the Seraphim , and the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav . Each of these orders has its own criteria for eligibility , but knighthood is generally granted by a head of state or monarch to selected persons to recognise some meritorious achievement . Knighthood in the Middle Ages was closely linked with horsemanship ( and especially the joust ) from its origins in the 12th century until its final flowering as a fashion among the high nobility in the Duchy of Burgundy in the 15th century . This linkage is reflected in the etymology of chivalry , cavalier and related terms ( see Etymology section below ) . The special prestige accorded to mounted warriors finds a parallel in the furusiyya in the Muslim world , and the Greek hippeus and Roman eques of classical antiquity .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d3e169dad3455e7e26a033b723d6baf6", "text": "List of historical opera characters This is a list of historical figures who have been characters in opera or operetta . Historical accuracy in such works has often been subject to the imperatives of dramatic presentation . Consequently , in many cases : historical characters appear alongside fictional characters historical characters who never met , or whose lives did not even overlap , appear on stage together historical events depicted are transported to earlier or later times or to different places historical people are seen participating in entirely fictional events , or vice versa the actions of historical people are attributed to other persons For the purposes of this list , Biblical characters are generally taken to be fictional , unless there is clear evidence of their historicity . Operas appear in bold when the historical figure is also the title role . Where a character appears in more than opera , the entries are sorted by composer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4008f13e4aa5ac84bf1b5320541ec688", "text": "The Troubles in Tynan This is a list of incidents of violence during The Troubles in Tynan , County Armagh , Northern Ireland . Incidents in Tynan during the Troubles resulting in two or more fatalities : 1977 8 October 1977 - Margaret Ann Hearst ( 24 ) , a single mother who joined the Ulster Defence Regiment ( UDR ) to help pay for her child 's upbringing , was shot dead in front of her three-year-old daughter at Hearst 's parents ' farmhouse , Doogary , Tynan , where she lived in a nearby caravan . Her mother and grandmother were tied up . The gunmen also reportedly fired at the young daughter , with a bullet passing through a cuddly toy the child gripped as she watched her mother die . Margaret Hearst 's father , Ross , was murdered three years later in 1980 after being abducted from a friend 's home in Silverstream , County Monaghan , near the border with Northern Ireland . 1981 21 January 1981 - Sir Norman Stronge ( 86 ) , Ulster Unionist Party member , and former Speaker at Stormont , and his son , James Stronge ( 48 ) , an off duty member of the Royal Ulster Constabulary reserve , both aristocratic Protestants , were shot dead by the Provisional Irish Republican Army at their mansion , Tynan Abbey , Tynan . A group of men in military style uniform forced their way into the abbey , a mansion in its own large grounds near the Border , sought out the father and son , and shot them . They then placed bombs and incendiary devices and set the mansion alight . It was destroyed by the fire . Sir Norman Stronge , one of the oldest people killed during the troubles , had been Stormont MP for Mid-Armagh from 1938 -- 69 , and Speaker of the House from 1945 until his retirement . James Stronge had taken over the Mid-Armagh seat in 1969 and held it until 1972 . He had been a Unionist member of the NI Assembly from 1973 -- 74 . Both father and son were members of Derryhaw Boyne Defenders Orange Lodge . The PIRA claimed the Stronges had been targeted as `` symbols of hated unionism '' and `` as a direct reprisal for a whole series of loyalist assassinations and murder attacks '' . A man was extradited from County Monaghan in 1984 to stand trial for the killings , but was acquitted the following year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3bf4222ca701311841f5fa40127b80a", "text": "Tyranny of the majority Tyranny of the majority ( or tyranny of the masses ) refers to an inherent weakness of direct democracy and majority rule in which the majority of an electorate can place its own interests above , and at the expense of , those in the minority . This results in oppression of minority groups comparable to that of a tyrant or despot . Potentially , through tyranny of the majority , a disliked or unfavored ethnic , religious , political , or racial group may be deliberately targeted for oppression by the majority element acting through the democratic process . American founding father Alexander Hamilton writing to Jefferson from the Constitutional Convention argued the same fears regarding the use of pure direct democracy by the majority to elect a demagogue who , rather than work for the benefit of all citizens , set out to either harm those in the minority or work only for those of the upper echelon . The Electoral College mechanism present in the indirect United States presidential election system , and the phenomenon of faithless electors allowed for within it , was , in part , deliberately created as a safety measure not only to prevent such a scenario , but also to prevent the use of democracy to overthrow democracy for an authoritarian , dictatorial or other system of oppressive government . As articulated by Hamilton , one reason the Electoral College was created was so `` that the office of President will never fall to the lot of any man who is not in an eminent degree endowed with the requisite qualifications '' . The scenarios in which tyranny perception occurs are very specific , involving a sort of distortion of democracy preconditions : Centralisation excess : when the centralised power of a federation make a decision that should be local , breaking with the commitment to the subsidiarity principle . Typical solutions , in this condition , are concurrent majority and supermajority rules . Abandonment of rationality : when , as Tocqueville remembered , a decision `` which bases its claim to rule upon numbers , not upon rightness or excellence '' . The use of public consultation , technical consulting bodies , and other similar mechanisms help to improve rationality of decisions before voting on them . Judicial review ( e.g. declaration of nullity of the decision ) is the typical way after the vote . In both cases , in a context of a nation , constitutional limits on the powers of a legislative body , and the introduction of a Bill of Rights have been used to counter the problem . A separation of powers ( for example a legislative and executive majority actions subject to review by the judiciary ) may also be implemented to prevent the problem from happening internally in a government .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "22bb41cde2b4874f6a216bce82c62b07", "text": "Dictator A dictator is a political leader who wields absolute power . A state ruled by a dictator is called a dictatorship . The word originated as the title of a magistrate in the Roman Republic appointed by the Senate to rule the republic in times of emergency ( see Roman dictator and justitium ) . Like the term `` tyrant '' ( which was originally a respectable Ancient Greek title ) , and to a lesser degree `` autocrat '' , `` dictator '' came to be used almost exclusively as a non-titular term for oppressive , even abusive rule , yet had rare modern titular use . In modern usage , the term `` dictator '' is generally used to describe a leader who holds and/or abuses an extraordinary amount of personal power , especially the power to make laws without effective restraint by a legislative assembly . Dictatorships are often characterised by some of the following traits : suspension of elections and of civil liberties ; proclamation of a state of emergency ; rule by decree ; repression of political opponents without abiding by rule of law procedures ; these include one-party state , and cult of personality . The term `` dictator '' is comparable to but not synonymous with the ancient concept of a tyrant ; initially `` tyrant '' , like `` dictator '' , did not carry negative connotations . A wide variety of leaders coming to power in a number of different kinds of regimes , such as military juntas , one-party states and civilian governments under personal rule , have been described as dictators . They may hold left or right-wing views , or may be apolitical .", "title": "" } ]
fever
0647ab0e4beecb55512ea9031d98d965
David Jones (video game developer) founded DMA Design in 1998.
[ { "docid": "4ee1e2967de879b93acd47a31c4e3090", "text": "David Jones (video game developer) David Scott Jones ( born October 1965 ) is a Scottish games programmer and entrepreneur who founded computer game companies DMA Design in 1987 ( which became Rockstar North in 2002 ) and Realtime Worlds in 2002 . Jones created Lemmings and Grand Theft Auto , which both spawned many successful sequels . He also created the Crackdown franchise for the Xbox 360 and Xbox One consoles , and the open-ended massively multiplayer online game , APB : All Points Bulletin .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "c1cd7bf0d3c17631e949293c26c9925a", "text": "Dingo Inc. was a Japanese video game developer founded on August 14 , 1998 in Shibuya , Tokyo , Japan . Dingo was primarily known for the Hatsune Miku : Project DIVA PlayStation Portable games .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4cd7e5a5feb49145f6949c800c9799a2", "text": "Jodi (art collective) Jodi , or www.jodi.org , is a collective of two internet artists : Joan Heemskerk ( born 1968 in Kaatsheuvel , the Netherlands ) and Dirk Paesmans ( born 1965 in Brussels , Belgium ) . Their background is in photography and video art ; since the mid-1990s they started to create original artworks for the World Wide Web . A few years later , they also turned to software art and artistic computer game modification . Their most well-known art piece is their website www.jodi.org , which is a landscape of intricate designs made in basic HTML . In 1999 they began the practice of modifying old video games such as Wolfenstein 3D to create art mods like SOD . Their efforts were celebrated in the 1999 Webby Awards where they took top prize in the category of `` net art '' . Jodi used their 5-word acceptance speech ( a Webby Award tradition ) to criticize the event with the words `` Ugly commercial sons of bitches . '' Further video game modifications soon followed for Quake , Jet Set Willy , and the latest , Max Payne 2 ( 2006 ) to create a new set of art games . Jodi 's approach to game modification is comparable in many ways to deconstructivism in architecture , because they would disassemble the game to its basic parts , and reassemble it in ways that do not make intuitive sense . One of their more well-known modifications of Quake places the player inside a closed cube with swirling black-and-white patterns on each side . The pattern is the result of a glitch in the game engine discovered by the artists , presumably , through trial and error ; it is generated live as the Quake engine tries , and fails , to visualize the interior of a cube with black-and-white checkered wallpaper . Since 2002 , they have been in what has been called their `` Screen Grab '' period , making video works by recording the computer monitor 's output while working , playing video games , or coding . Jodi 's `` Screen Grab '' period began with the four-screen video installation My % Desktop ( 2002 ) , which premiered at the Plugin Media Lab in Basel . The piece appeared to depict mammoth Mac OS 9 computers running amok : opening windows cascaded across the screen , error messages squawked , and files replicated themselves endlessly . But this was not a computer gone haywire , but a computer user gone haywire . To make this video , Jodi simply pointed-and-clicked and dragged-and-dropped so frantically , it seemed that no human could be in control of such chaos . As graphics exploded across the screen , the viewer gradually realized that what had initially appeared to be a computer glitch was really the work of an irrational , playful , or crazed human . `` JODI 's work underlines the innate anarchy of the online medium , an arena that we 've come to recognize as public but one that the duo constantly undermines and tweaks to their own purposes . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b529d5f62b5c57d0351cbc78ed08aa91", "text": "Eugene Jarvis Eugene Peyton Jarvis ( born 1955 ) is an American game designer and programmer , known for producing pinball machines for Atari and video games for Williams Electronics . Most notable amongst his works are the seminal arcade video games Defender and Robotron : 2084 in the early 1980s , and the Cruis 'n series of driving games for Midway Games in the 1990s . He co-founded Vid Kidz in the early 1980s and currently leads his own development studio , Raw Thrills Inc. . In 2008 Eugene Jarvis was named the first Game Designer in Residence by DePaul University 's Game Development program . His family owns the Jarvis Wines company in Napa , CA .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "49edc0e25c4d6f1b4445da248df86afe", "text": "Corporate design A corporate design ( CD ) is the official graphical design of the logo and name of a company or institution used on letterheads , envelopes , forms , folders , brochures , etc. . The house style is created in such a way that all the elements are arranged in a distinctive design and pattern . This includes dictating what ink pantones should be used in the coloring , and what typefaces . Governments may have corporate designs as well . On June 2 , 1999 , the German federal cabinet introduced a corporate design for the flag of Germany . The term ` corporate design ' is not the name of a specific design profession . Corporations do have special design needs based on their behaviors . They communicate their mission , objectives , needs , and product information -- with users , clients , or members ; with suppliers , distributors , service providers ; with the surrounding community and the media ; with financial institutions and other corporations , and with the state . They create , acquire , modify , organize and distribute large amounts of information and raw data , as well as goods and services . ( Sometimes the goods or services are themselves information . For example , The Yellow Pages , or The New York Times . ) A designer whose client is a corporation will include the logo and other elements of the corporate brand as a way to standardize and unify all communication between company and audience , whether in print or online . Scenarios that includes human-computer interactions take place through software and hardware user interfaces that are also branded and designed with the corporate culture in mind . ( Examples of user scenarios : update the Web site , transfer funds , document procedures , control security , operate machinery , plan projects , conduct virtual meetings , check inventory , fill an order , or ship a product . ) These interactions are increasingly taking place through Web sites , through mobile devices and at dedicated terminals , and may include sound , video , animation and user feedback mechanisms . A savvy designer will create designs that can be adapted to all of these applications .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1834557b6f0072414ac120efa4932acb", "text": "David Jones (Global CEO, Havas) David Robert Jones ( born 9 November 1966 ) is a former CEO of Havas and Havas Worldwide ( formerly known as Euro RSCG Worldwide ) , and cofounder of global youth forum One Young World . He is author of Who Cares Wins : Why Good Business Is Better Business ( Pearson/FT Publishing , November 2011 ) and the creator of the `` Social Business Idea '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fda834e11e674511e38eefb6d130099c", "text": "Big Huge Games Big Huge Games is a video game developer located in Timonium , Maryland . The company was founded in February 2000 by four veteran game industry developers : Tim Train , David Inscore , Jason Coleman and Brian Reynolds ( lead designer of Alpha Centauri , et al. ) . Their first game , Rise of Nations , was a critical and commercial hit . The original studio became defunct in May 2012 , but the name `` Big Huge Games '' was later reacquired by Reynolds and Train for their new venture ( previously known as SecretNewCo ) . The revived studio released the mobile game DomiNations on Android and iOS in April 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a6ffbcf6d85e17149884918ff17b424", "text": "The 3DO Company The 3DO Company ( formerly THDO on the NASDAQ stock exchange ) , also known as 3DO , was an American video game company . It was founded in 1991 by Electronic Arts founder Trip Hawkins , in a partnership with seven companies including LG , Matsushita ( now Panasonic ) , AT&T Corporation , MCA , Time Warner , and Electronic Arts itself . After 3DO 's flagship video game console , the 3DO Interactive Multiplayer , failed in the marketplace , the company exited the hardware business and became a third-party video game developer . It went bankrupt in 2003 due to poor sales of its games . Its headquarters were in Redwood City , California in the San Francisco Bay Area .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f4cf10d869c146320b858d46f3e7d966", "text": "TimeGate Studios TimeGate Studios was an American video game developer based in Sugar Land , Texas . The company , which was founded in 1998 , released eight titles before closing in 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b0eb3d6a2ab91ad57f3b6bf5f71aa085", "text": "The Designers Republic The Designers Republic ( tDR for short ) is a graphic design studio based in Sheffield , England , founded in 1986 by Ian Anderson and Nick Phillips . Best known for electronic music logos and album artwork and their anti-establishment aesthetics , embracing `` brash consumerism and the uniform style of corporate brands '' . Work by tDR is held in the permanent collections of MoMA and the V&A . The studio in its larger form closed in January 2009 , with Anderson stating that it would continue in a more ` slimline ' form .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fa49f3eb2aaa9e6098c2adc17e9a3584", "text": "List of Crystal Dynamics video games Crystal Dynamics is an American video game developer that was founded in 1992 by Judy Lang , Madaline Canepa and Dave Morris . Based in the San Francisco Bay Area , California , Crystal Dynamics was the first licensed developer for Panasonic 's original 3DO console , a gaming hardware platform founded by Kleiner Perkins . Their first release , Crash N Burn , was a launch game for the system and was included as a pack-in game with the console . The 3DO 's launch during the 1993 Christmas season was a commercial failure , severely damaging Crystal Dynamics ' software strategy . In 1994 , the company became a publisher for two new gaming platforms , the PlayStation and the Sega Saturn . The studio was acquired by Eidos Interactive , a British video game publisher , in 1998 . After Square Enix acquired Eidos in 2009 , Crystal Dynamics became a subsidiary of Square Enix . Crystal Dynamics is best known for developing the Legacy of Kain and Gex series . Although the first Legacy of Kain video game was developed by Silicon Knights , Crystal Dynamics gained the rights to the franchise in 1998 and developed four sequels between 1999 and 2003 . In 2003 , the studio took over the development of the best-selling Tomb Raider franchise after its original developer , Core Design , failed to gain critical or commercial success with their later games . Crystal Dynamics ' first Tomb Raider game , Tomb Raider : Legend , became a commercial success with 4.5 million copies sold as of February 2009 . Its sequel , Tomb Raider : Underworld , sold 2.6 million copies and became the first game the studio developed for the PlayStation 3 . Since 2003 , the studio has focused development on the Tomb Raider franchise with the help of other studios such as Buzz Monkey Software and Nixxes Software . Crystal Dynamics has developed five games in the series , encompassing two reboots of the franchise .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "59749b1f1415694b537b7f1112c36b5d", "text": "Mediatonic Mediatonic Games is a British independent games developer founded in September 2005 as Mediatonic Limited . The company operates studios in London and Brighton , United Kingdom . The company was founded by two undergraduate students , David Bailey and Paul Croft during their final year of study at Brunel University . A group of industry veterans including Ian Livingstone , Kelly Sumner and Geoff Heath , invested in the company in 2010 and the company subsequently raised an undisclosed amount of Venture Capital funding from Frog Capital in January 2012 . Its business model revolves around Games as a Service and digital distribution .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "05d577a90c133e8d570f449fe7c5e030", "text": "Interactive Design Institute The Interactive Design Institute ( IDI ) , based just outside Edinburgh , is the UK 's leading provider of online courses in art and design , in collaboration with the University of Hertfordshire .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9702154204b8e990bbd3a0254c800ae6", "text": "J. D. Jones J. D. Jones ( born November 21 , 1936 ) is an American firearms and cartridge designer , firearms writer and president of SSK Industries . Jones began hunting at an early age , and became interested in bullet casting and handloading firearms cartridges . In the 1960s , Jones collaborated with Lee Jurras to create the Super Vel line of high-performance handgun ammunition . In 1977 , Jones founded SSK Industries , a company focused on cartridges and barrels ( such as for the Thompson Center Arms Contender rifle-calibre pistol ) for high-power handgun hunting and target shooting . Jones is primarily known for two lines of firearms cartridges . The first is his line of JDJ cartridges , primarily intended for the T/C Contender , ranging from .224 to .577 calibre . The second is his `` Whisper '' family of cartridges , intended to cause maximum damage at subsonic speeds , making them nearly silent when used with a firearm suppressor . Jones is a Life Member of the National Rifle Association and Safari Club International and is a staunch advocate of the Second Amendment . He has authored two columns for American Handgunner magazine .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0d2325a5530c4642496f92430f8c88a6", "text": "Distributed Application Specification Language The DASL Programming Language ( Distributed Application Specification Language ) is a high-level , strongly typed programming language originally developed at Sun Microsystems Laboratories between 1999 and 2003 as part of the Ace Project . The goals of the project were to enable rapid development of web-based applications based on Sun 's J2EE architecture , and to eliminate the steep learning curve of platform-specific details . DASL defines an application as a domain model with one or more logical presentation models , where a logical presentation model consists of a choreography of the domain model objects described in a set of forms with attached actions . DASL generates the graphical user interface directly from the logical presentation . DASL is unique among modern application programming languages in its ability to generate a modern graphic user interface for an application without requiring the programmer to define the user interface explicitly , while allowing the programmer to control the look and feel of the generated graphic user interface . The DASL language is partially declarative and partially procedural . Description of object/data structures and persistence , and the description of the logical presentation , are declarative . Basic object constraints and behavior are declarative , while additional object behaviors are specified procedurally as methods . Queries can be defined either declaratively or by writing methods . The language and development environment are a practical realization of the model-driven architecture ( MDA ) approach . The programmer uses DASL to produce the platform-independent model or PIM , and the language code generators automatically produce and deploy the platform-specific model or PSM . New PSMs may be introduced by writing new code generators .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c3a0cfcdebbe9867ae9709335550a9df", "text": "Mutato Muzika Mutato Muzika is an American music production company established and owned by Devo co-founder and lead singer Mark Mothersbaugh in 1989 . The name is a portmanteau of the words mutant and potato , which is a nod to Devo 's fanbase which are called Spuds . While Devo members Mark Mothersbaugh , Gerald Casale and Bob Mothersbaugh , with drummer Josh Freese , often meet , rehearse and confer in its West Hollywood , California studio facilities , Mutato Muzika is a full-service music production company . Until his death in 2014 , Bob Casale served as a producer/engineer there . Mutato Muzika has produced music for many films , including Rushmore , The Royal Tenenbaums , The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou , Confessions of a Teenage Drama Queen , 13 , Lords of Dogtown , Nick & Norah 's Infinite Playlist , Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs , and Catfish . Television music includes Rugrats , Shaggy & Scooby-Doo Get a Clue ! , Pee-wee 's Playhouse , Big Love , Eureka , Shameless , Enlightened and Regular Show . Mutato Muzika-produced video game scores include Crash Bandicoot and The Sims . Mutato Muzika also provides music for commercials , including spots for Apple 's PC vs. Mac , Martini & Rossi 's George Clooney/Giorgio , and Logitech . The company is housed in a round bright green building at 8760 West Sunset Boulevard . The building is rumored to have been designed by Brazilian architect Oscar Niemeyer ( although no architect 's name is listed on the building permit ) , modeling the exterior after The Forum in Inglewood , California , former home of the NBA 's Los Angeles Lakers and NHL 's Los Angeles Kings . Previously known as `` The Beauty Pavillion '' , it was built in 1967 for plastic surgeon Dr. Richard Alan Franklyn , who wanted the roof to have skylights in order to illuminate the operating room in the center of the structure . The building was painted green after Mothersbaugh took ownership of it .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c45e7a6ea01940f877df1a7d24208fd1", "text": "Programma International Programma International was one of the first personal computer software publishers . Established in the late 1970s by David Gordon , it published a line of approximately 300 game , programming utility , and office productivity products for the Apple II , Commodore PET , TRS-80 and other personal computer systems . Hayden Publishing bought Programma International in 1980 and the company went out of business in 1983 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4342315377fe41fca65e8d4a29ab68f5", "text": "Ritual Entertainment Ritual Entertainment was a video game developer established in 1996 by Robert Atkins , Mark Dochtermann , Jim Dosé , Richard ` Levelord ' Gray , Michael Hadwin , Harry Miller , and Tom Mustaine . Based in Dallas , Texas , Ritual Entertainment was formerly known as Hipnotic Interactive , during which period they began development of their signature video game SiN . Members of the Ritual Entertainment development team have contributed game assets to other titles such as American McGee 's Alice , Medal of Honor : Airborne , Tomb Raider : Legend , and 25 to Life , and are also the creators of '' Übertools '' for id Tech 3 , which has been licensed for a number of other games . On January 24 , 2007 , developer MumboJumbo announced the acquisition of Ritual Entertainment . With this acquisition , Ritual 's focus on traditional action-oriented games was changed to casual games , essentially `` stalling '' Ritual 's latest game series , SiN Episodes , after releasing only one episode out of a planned nine . The purchase followed months of departures of several key employees including chief executive officer Steve Nix who became director of business development at id Software , vice president and co-founder Tom Mustaine who left to found Escalation Studios . Several months after the acquisition , community relations manager Steve Hessel left the company to join Splash Damage . Prior to the announcement , on December 6 , 2006 , Ritual announced the appointment of Ken Harward as the company 's new studio director .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "882dca708ef7c22452996e997e70889d", "text": "PDMS (software) PDMS ( Plant Design Management System ) as it is known in the 3D CAD industry , is a customizable , multi-user and multi-discipline , engineer controlled design software package for engineering , design and construction projects in offshore and onshore . The Computer-Aided Design Centre ( or CADCentre as it was more commonly referred to , and later formally became ) was created in Cambridge , England , UK in 1967 by the UK Ministry of Technology . Its mission was to develop computer-aided design techniques and promote their take-up by British industry . The centre carried out much pioneering CAD research , and many of its early staff members went on to become prominent in the worldwide CAD community , such as brothers Dick Newell and Martin Newell . Dick Newell oversaw the creation of the Plant Design Management System ( PDMS ) for 3D process plant design . He later co-founded two software companies -- Cambridge Interactive Systems ( CIS ) which was known for its Medusa 2D/3D CAD system , and Smallworld with its eponymous Smallworld GIS ( Geographical Information System ) . Martin Newell later went to the University of Utah where he did pioneering 3D solid modelling work ; he was also one of the progenitors of PostScript . Subsequently the UK government , via the British Technology Group ( BTG ) established a separate company , Compeda Ltd , to exploit software developed and owned by the government and they took over the marketing and user support of PDMS , while the software continued to be developed by the CADCentre , with funding from Compeda . When the UK government decided to privatise ( sell ) anything that did not need to be government owned , Compeda Ltd was sold to Prime Computer Inc. . for a net negative sum of money . Prime Computer decided that PDMS had no commercial value or future and returned the marketing rights for the product to CADCentre . CADCentre was privatised and in 2001 changed its name to AVEVA . The latest release , as of July 2015 , is AVEVA PDMS 12.1 . SP4 .23", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eabc0fdd70071efa1733f4f5b71e2763", "text": "Bruce Davis (video game industry) Bruce L. Davis ( born 1952 ) is an American businessman , currently CEO and chairman of Digimarc . Formerly the head of both Imagic and Activision , he is known for his role in the development of the video game industry . A native of New York , Davis earned a B.S. in accounting and psychology and an M.A. in criminal justice from University at Albany , SUNY , and a law degree from Columbia University . He began his professional career by establishing the intellectual property practice at the firm of Orrick , Herrington & Sutcliffe in San Francisco , California . He assumed leadership of Imagic as it was going out of business in the North American video game crash of 1983 . From 1987 to 1991 , Davis was first chief operating officer , then chairman and CEO of Activision . The board of directors promoted him from senior vice president to replace Jim Levy shortly after the acquisition of Infocom , in the hopes of stemming the continuing financial damage from the crash . He had opposed the merger , and many Infocom employees believed he was deliberately working against them , changing processes that had made the game business successful . Activision co-founder and programmer David Crane was also critical of Davis : `` Bruce Davis ' biggest mistake was treating video games as commodities , rather than creative products . '' Nevertheless , Davis 's leadership of Activision began well . He led the company to a profit in his first year at the helm on strong sales growth , following 16 consecutive quarters of multimillion-dollar losses . The turnaround effort was stymied after a huge damages award for infringement of Magnavox 's original home video game patents was upheld on appeal in 1988 . That year Activision changed its name to Mediagenic , as Davis sought to expand the company 's product lines to non-gaming software . In February 1991 , Robert Kotick , backed by Steve Wynn of Mirage Resorts , staged a successful hostile takeover . Kotick and his team then filed a Chapter 11 bankruptcy in cooperation with Magnavox parent company Philips in a leveraged recapitalization of Activision , as it was renamed in 1992 . Kotick replaced Davis in this restructuring . Starting in 1992 , Davis founded and served as president of TV Guide on Screen , a joint venture of News Corporation and TCI that supplied electronic guides and navigational software for the cable television market . The company later merged with Prevue Networks , then with TV Guide . TV Guide later merged with Gemstar International . The resulting Gemstar-TV Guide International was acquired in 2008 by Macrovision . Davis is chairman and CEO of Digimarc . He led Digimarc from start up in 1997 to a more than US$ 100 million public company supplying digital watermarking technologies to national and state governments and to the media industry . He has been chairman of the board since 2002 . A prolific inventor , Davis has been awarded more than 50 patents on television user interface improvements and other innovations in media management and security . In 2003 , Mr. Davis was named Ernst & Young 's Pacific Northwest Entrepreneur Of The Year for the technology category .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5bc299a2125e1ef7a53fd098e717c441", "text": "International Game Developers Association International Game Developers Association ( IGDA ) is the professional association for over 12,000 video and computer game developers worldwide . It is incorporated in the United States as a non-profit organization . Its stated mission is `` To advance the careers and enhance the lives of game developers by connecting members with their peers , promoting professional development , and advocating on issues that affect the developer community . '' In recognition of the wide-ranging , multidisciplinary nature of interactive entertainment , there are supposedly no barriers to entry .", "title": "" } ]
fever
a0bedf8ef800d595aa260ca3606c6294
SpaceX did not start private fundraising in 2011.
[ { "docid": "99b0815e7828545b46fad05a40208e81", "text": "SpaceX Space Exploration Technologies Corporation , better known as SpaceX , is an American aerospace manufacturer and space transport services company headquartered in Hawthorne , California . It was founded in 2002 by entrepreneur Elon Musk with the goal of reducing space transportation costs and enabling the colonization of Mars . SpaceX has since developed the Falcon launch vehicle family and the Dragon spacecraft family , which both currently deliver payloads into Earth orbit . SpaceX 's achievements include the first privately funded liquid-propellant rocket to reach orbit ( Falcon 1 in 2008 ) ; the first privately funded company to successfully launch , orbit , and recover a spacecraft ( Dragon in 2010 ) ; the first private company to send a spacecraft to the International Space Station ( Dragon in 2012 ) ; the first propulsive landing for an orbital rocket ( Falcon 9 in 2015 ) ; and the first reuse of an orbital rocket ( Falcon 9 in 2017 ) . , SpaceX has since flown ten missions to the International Space Station ( ISS ) under a cargo resupply contract . NASA also awarded SpaceX a further development contract in 2011 to develop and demonstrate a human-rated Dragon , which would be used to transport astronauts to the ISS and return them safely to Earth . SpaceX announced in 2011 that they were beginning a privately funded reusable launch system technology development program . In December 2015 , a first stage was flown back to a landing pad near the launch site , where it successfully accomplished a propulsive vertical landing . This was the first such achievement by a rocket for orbital spaceflight . In April 2016 , with the launch of CRS-8 , SpaceX successfully vertically landed a first stage on an ocean drone-ship landing platform . In May 2016 , in another first , SpaceX again landed a first stage , but during a significantly more energetic geostationary transfer orbit mission . In March 2017 , SpaceX became the first to successfully re-launch and land the first stage of an orbital rocket . In September 2016 , CEO Elon Musk unveiled the mission architecture of the Interplanetary Transport System program , an ambitious privately funded initiative to develop spaceflight technology for use in manned interplanetary spaceflight , and which , if demand emerges , could lead to sustainable human settlements on Mars over the long term . This is the main purpose this System was designed for . In 2017 , Elon Musk announced that the company had been contracted by two private individuals to send them in a Dragon spacecraft on a free return trajectory around the Moon . Provisionally launching in 2018 , this could become the first instance of lunar tourism .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "4fa1f7b55f46d5a449f2e5c4626ba9da", "text": "Kepler (spacecraft) Kepler is a space observatory launched by NASA to discover Earth-size planets orbiting other stars . Named after astronomer Johannes Kepler , the spacecraft was launched on March 7 , 2009 , into an Earth-trailing heliocentric orbit . Designed to survey a portion of our region of the Milky Way to discover Earth-size exoplanets in or near habitable zones and estimate how many of the billions of stars in the Milky Way have such planets , Kepler sole scientific instrument is a photometer that continually monitors the brightness of over 145,000 main sequence stars in a fixed field of view . These data are transmitted to Earth , then analyzed to detect periodic dimming caused by exoplanets that cross in front of their host star . Kepler is part of NASA 's Discovery Program of relatively low-cost , focused primary science missions . The telescope 's construction and initial operation were managed by NASA 's Jet Propulsion Laboratory , with Ball Aerospace responsible for developing the Kepler flight system . The Ames Research Center is responsible for the ground system development , mission operations since December 2009 , and scientific data analysis . The initial planned lifetime was 3.5 years , but greater-than-expected noise in the data , from both the stars and the spacecraft , meant additional time was needed to fulfill all mission goals . Initially , in 2012 , the mission was expected to be extended until 2016 , but on July 14 , 2012 , one of the spacecraft 's four reaction wheels used for pointing the spacecraft stopped turning , and completing the mission would only be possible if all other reaction wheels remained reliable . Then , on May 11 , 2013 , a second reaction wheel failed , disabling the collection of science data and threatening the continuation of the mission . On August 15 , 2013 , NASA announced that they had given up trying to fix the two failed reaction wheels . This meant the current mission needed to be modified , but it did not necessarily mean the end of planet hunting . NASA had asked the space science community to propose alternative mission plans `` potentially including an exoplanet search , using the remaining two good reaction wheels and thrusters '' . On November 18 , 2013 , the K2 `` Second Light '' proposal was reported . This would include utilizing the disabled Kepler in a way that could detect habitable planets around smaller , dimmer red dwarfs . On May 16 , 2014 , NASA announced the approval of the K2 extension . , Kepler and its follow-up observations had found 1,013 confirmed exoplanets in about 440 star systems , along with a further 3,199 unconfirmed planet candidates . Four planets have been confirmed through Kepler K2 mission . In November 2013 , astronomers estimated , based on Kepler space mission data , that there could be as many as 40 billion rocky , Earth-size exoplanets orbiting in the habitable zones of Sun-like stars and red dwarfs within the Milky Way . It is estimated that 11 billion of these planets may be orbiting Sun-like stars . The nearest such planet may be 12 ly away , according to the scientists . On January 6 , 2015 , NASA announced the 1,000 th confirmed exoplanet discovered by the Kepler Space Telescope . Four of the newly confirmed exoplanets were found to orbit within habitable zones of their related stars : three of the four , Kepler-438b , Kepler-442b and Kepler-452b , are almost Earth-size and likely rocky ; the fourth , Kepler-440b , is a super-Earth . On May 10 , 2016 , NASA verified 1,284 new exoplanets found by Kepler , the single largest finding of planets to date . Since 1988 , over 3,000 exoplanets have been confirmed by all detection methods , including the Kepler mission ( specifically , planets in planetary systems , including multiple planetary systems , have been confirmed , as of ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d30d17561f83992e6c0a5b37b069856", "text": "TSX Venture Exchange The TSX Venture Exchange is a stock exchange in Canada . It is headquartered in Calgary , Alberta and has offices in Toronto , Vancouver , and Montreal . All trading through the Exchange is done electronically , so the Exchange does not have a `` trading floor '' . It was previously known as the Canadian Venture Exchange ( CDNX ) , but in 2001 the TSX Group ( now known as the TMX Group ) purchased it and renamed it . The TMX Group also owns the Toronto Stock Exchange ( TSX ) . The Toronto Stock Exchange is the senior equity market , while the TSX Venture Exchange is a public venture capital marketplace for emerging companies . As of November 2010 , the TSX Venture Exchange had 2,364 listed companies with a combined market capitalization of $ 60,811,203,235 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "09415403810f75476fc23fd45fe0f0be", "text": "Space Launch Initiative The Space Launch Initiative ( SLI ) was a NASA and U.S. Department of Defense joint research and technology project to determine the requirements to meet all the nation 's hypersonics , space launch and space technology needs . The program began with the award of reusable launch vehicle study contracts in 2000 . In November 2002 it was evolved into the Orbital Space Plane Program and the Next Generation Launch Technology Program . The primary goal of this research was to increase safety and reliability and to reduce overall costs associated with building , flying and maintaining the nation 's next generation of space launch vehicles . NASA anticipated that these advances would revitalize the nation 's space transportation capabilities , and dramatically improve NASA 's ability to conduct science and exploration missions in space . | This program was ended with the cancellation of the X-33 and X-34 and the conclusion of the X-43 programs . NASA changed its focus to Constellation Program . The Space Launch Initiative Propulsion Office , managed by NASA 's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville , Ala. , sought to advance technologies and explore new avenues of space propulsion to develop safer , more reliable and affordable propulsion solutions . Four main engine candidates for a second generation reusable launch vehicle emerged , including two hydrogen-fueled ( COBRA , RS-83 , TR-106 ) and two kerosene-fueled ( RS-84 , TR-107 ) staged combustion engines . California Poly Pomona 's Professor Steven Dobbs was the Lead Systems Engineer on the project , making significant use of the program as an example for failed systems engineering .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ecb85192e97080f4e9a04417abf89da", "text": "Commercial Crew Development Commercial Crew Development ( CCDev ) is a multiphase , space technology development program that is funded by the U.S. government and administered by NASA . The program is intended to stimulate development of privately operated crew vehicles to be launched into low Earth orbit . The program is run by NASA 's Commercial Crew and Cargo Program Office ( C3PO ) . In 2010 , in the first phase of the program , NASA provided $ 50 million combined to five American companies ; the money was intended for research and development into private-sector human spaceflight concepts and technologies . NASA solicited a second set of CCdev proposals for technology development projects lasting for a maximum of 14 months in October of that year . In April 2011 , NASA announced they would award up to nearly $ 270 million to four companies as they met their CCDev 2 objectives . NASA awarded Space Act Agreements for the third phase , named CCiCap , in August 2012 ; this would last until 2014 . CCiCap is followed by CCtCap with Federal Acquisition Regulation ( FAR ) Part 15 contracts , which formed the fourth and final phase of the program . Contracts were awarded to SpaceX and Boeing in September 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5663e31ccdde9e7abd34cfc9afa44f06", "text": "SpaceDev SpaceDev , a part of the `` Space Systems Business '' of Sierra Nevada Corporation , is prominent for its spaceflight and microsatellite work . It designed and built components for the hybrid rocket motors for Paul Allen 's Tier One suborbital SpaceShipOne space program operated by Scaled Composites . It is also developing micro - and nano-satellites , a small expendable launch vehicle , the SpaceDev Streaker , and has designed a piloted suborbital and orbital spaceship of its own , the SpaceDev Dream Chaser , in collaboration with NASA . SpaceDev is based near San Diego in Poway , California . Its objective is to make routine commercial spaceflight possible and to help open space for all of humanity . Previously a publicly traded company ( OTCBB : SPDV ) , on 20 October 2008 SpaceDev officials announced that the company would be acquired by Sierra Nevada Corporation , a privately owned company . The announced acquisition price was 38 million dollars . The role of SpaceDev will be melded into another of Sierra Nevada 's subsidiary companies , MicroSat , to create a more complete space technology unit . On December 16 , 2008 SpaceDev announced its acquisition by Sierra Nevada Corporation had been completed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e2a85ef86b85e9d748fa022934bc2b7a", "text": "Final Frontier Design Final Frontier Design is a seed-stage startup company that builds and tests spacesuits . The company 's products both enable , and are enabled by , the more recent lower-cost access to space epitomized by NewSpace launch companies such as SpaceX , Virgin Galactic and XCOR Aerospace . FFD was awarded a Phase I SBIR in 2011 and developed pressure garment glove technology under this contract . In July 2011 , Final Frontier Design won third place in the 2011 NewSpace Business Plan Competition in Silicon Valley , sponsored by the Space Frontier Foundation . In December 2014 , Final Frontier Design obtained an official Space Act Agreement with NASA .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ba49119b432145c655688015ae63f02b", "text": "SOAR (spaceplane) SOAR was a partially reusable air-launched spaceplane launch system concept designed to launch small satellites on a suborbital or orbital trajectory . The vehicle , derived from the Hermes spacecraft developed by the European Space Agency , was planned to be built , launched , and operated by Swiss Space Systems . The spaceplane was planned to launch from an Airbus A300 aircraft named S3 Zero Gravity Airliner . Once at altitude , the spaceplane was planned to separate from the aircraft and ignite an NK-39 engine developed by Russian Federal Space Agency . After fuel depletion at about 80 kilometers altitude , the plane was planned to release its payload before gliding back and landing on Earth . The launch vehicle was planned to also have low Earth orbit capability when launched in conjunction with an expendable upper stage . Swiss Space Systems has contracted the Russian firm RKK Energia to develop the upper stage . With an upper stage , the spacecraft was planned to be able to launch a 250 kilogram payload into orbit . Swiss Space Systems claimed that the spaceplane could cost about four times less than current suborbital launch costs . The spaceplane was notionally targeted to have its first test launch by 2017 . However , following financial trouble , the company was declared bankrupt in a Swiss civil court , ending operations of the company .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5883c4ccbabaa521f80fe15a3a2d5baf", "text": "Scientific Atlanta Scientific Atlanta , Inc. is a Georgia-based manufacturer of cable television , telecommunications , and broadband equipment . Scientific Atlanta was founded in 1951 by a group of engineers from the Georgia Institute of Technology , and was purchased by Cisco Systems in 2005 for $ 6.9 billion after Cisco received anti-trust clearance for the purchase . The Cisco acquisition of Scientific Atlanta was ranked in the top 10 of largest technology acquisitions in history and was Cisco 's largest acquisition to date . Prior to the purchase , Scientific Atlanta had been a Fortune 500 company and was one of the top 25 largest corporations in Georgia . Scientific Atlanta was considered by many to be `` the patriarch of Atlanta 's technology industry for nearly six decades '' and is sometimes referred to as `` Atlanta 's Microsoft or Hewlett Packard '' . It was considered `` core to the development of technology in the Atlanta region '' and `` was to Atlanta what Hewlett-Packard was to Silicon Valley '' because of its legacy of spawning more than 35 substantial companies in the area .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8c3ffbe63e854103112e731a533789a7", "text": "Space Shuttle Independence Space Shuttle Independence , formerly known as Explorer , is a full-scale , high-fidelity replica of the Space Shuttle . It was built by Guard-Lee in Apopka , Florida , installed at Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex in 1993 , and moved to Space Center Houston in 2012 . It was built using schematics , blueprints and archival documents provided by NASA and by shuttle contractors such as Rockwell International . While many of the features on the replica are simulated , some parts , including the landing gear 's Michelin tires , have been used in the Space Shuttle program . The model is 122.7 ft long , 54 ft high , has a 78 ft wingspan , and weighs 171860 lb .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "81d1c0a96c18bb9fc561f937ca730ab0", "text": "MacX MacX is a display server implementation supporting the X11 display server protocol that ran on System 7 , Mac OS 8 , and Mac OS 9 . It also ran under A/UX . Prior to X11R4 and the introduction of the PowerPC-based Power Macintosh , this server was developed internally by Apple Inc. for the Motorola 68000 based Macintoshes . MacX was initially developed within the Networking and Communications organization as one component of the Apple DEC Alliance suite of products , but later was moved to Apple 's A/UX group since X11 was ( and is ) an important part of UNIX user interfaces . Versions supporting X11R4 and X11R5 were developed for Apple by a small team of engineers at AGE Logic , Inc. , a San Diego , California company . AGE also OEMed the MacX software under the trade name XoftWare for Macintosh . Apple provided early versions of the Power Macintosh to AGE Logic , and the result was a binary that supported both the Power Macintosh as well as earlier , 68000-based systems . AGE Logic was later acquired by a Silicon Valley company named NetManage in the mid-1990s . NetManage was headquartered directly across the street from Apple in Cupertino , California . XoftWare for Macintosh was merged into NetManage 's product offering for the Macintosh , which included a wide variety of standalone Internet desktop applications ( e.g. , telnet , archie search engine , gopher protocol , FTP ) , along with various software titles , mainly terminal emulators that were acquired by AGE Logic when it purchased Pacer Software earlier in the decade . By 1998 , Apple had discontinued MacX as it transitioned from the classic Mac OS to the Unix-like Mac OS X , which had ample support for X11 ( earlier versions of Mac OS X did not directly support X11 , but as of Mac OS X v10 .3 , X11.app has been made available directly from Apple ) . NetManage disbanded its Macintosh group earlier , around 1996 , and as a result , discontinued support of XoftWare for Macintosh .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f15c532de8dc2077d50e5899b3878fd9", "text": "Soyuz (rocket family) Soyuz ( Союз , meaning `` union '' , GRAU index 11A511 ) is a family of expendable launch systems developed by OKB-1 , and manufactured by Progress State Research and Production Rocket Space Center in Samara , Russia . The Soyuz launch vehicle is the most frequently used launch vehicle in the world . After the U.S. Space Shuttle program ended in 2011 , Soyuz rockets became the only launch vehicle able to transport astronauts to the International Space Station . The Soyuz vehicles are used as the launcher for the manned Soyuz spacecraft as part of the Soyuz program , as well as to launch unmanned Progress supply spacecraft to the International Space Station and for commercial launches marketed and operated by Starsem and Arianespace . All Soyuz rockets use RP-1 and liquid oxygen ( LOX ) propellant , with the exception of the Soyuz-U2 , which used Syntin , a variant of RP-1 , with LOX . In the United States , it has the Library of Congress designation A-2 . The Soyuz family is a subset of the R-7 family .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ffa6b057a5908cc7c6ae561933b3a3e4", "text": "THUMS Islands The THUMS Islands or Astronaut Islands are a set of four artificial islands in San Pedro Bay off the coast of Long Beach , California . They were built in 1965 to tap into the East Wilmington Oil Field . The landscaping and sound walls were designed to camouflage the operation and reduce noise , and they are the only decorated oil islands in the United States . After a 1964 court case that gave the state of California mineral rights to the area , the islands were built at an estimated cost of $ 22 million in 1965 , the islands were operated by THUMS , a consortium named after the parent companies who bid for the island contract : Texaco , Humble ( now Exxon ) , Union Oil , Mobil , and Shell . The rim of the islands are made of 640,000 tons of boulders from Catalina Island , and the islands were then filled with 3.2 million cubic yards of dredged material from the bay . The islands contain significant landscaping , a waterfall , and tall structures concealing the drilling rigs , including one known as The Condo and mistaken for `` a ritzy hotel '' by those on land . The structures are lit in colored lights at night . The aesthetic mitigation cost $ 10 million at time of construction , and was overseen by theme park architect Joseph Linesch . They were described by a Los Angeles Times writer as `` part Disney , part Jetsons , part Swiss Family Robinson '' . In 1975 , the state of California and the city of Long Beach sued the THUMS oil companies for artificially depressing oil prices . A federal jury cleared Exxon of all charges , and the other four oil companies settled out of court for `` hundreds of millions of dollars '' . The islands and operation were purchased by Occidental Petroleum in 2000 . Since 1967 , they have been known as the Astronaut Islands , having been renamed in honor of four American astronauts who lost their lives in the service of NASA . Island Freeman ( Theodore C. `` Ted '' Freeman ) is named for the first astronaut to perish in active duty ( piloting a T-38 Talon jet trainer ) . Island Grissom ( Virgil I. `` Gus '' Grissom ) , Island White ( Edward H. White II ) , and Island Chaffee ( Roger B. Chaffee ) are named after the Apollo 1 astronauts ( launch pad accident ) . A peak of 148495 oilbbl/d were produced in 1969 . 300 Moilbbl of oil were pumped from THUMS by 1974 , the 500 millionth barrel of crude oil was pumped in 1980 . By 1992 , the pumping volume was 44444 oilbbl of oil per day through the water injection method of oil recovery , producing low-grade crude oil . By April 2002 , the 900 millionth barrel of oil was pumped . The pumped oil contained 20 % water in 1965 , and by 1994 it was 92 % water . Island Grissom is the closest to land , containing waterfalls and more sculptured screens than the other islands . The screens and decorations also serve to deter the public from swimming to the islands ( trespassers are subject to arrest ) . Island Freeman is the largest of the islands , at 12 acre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7911aeffd13d22ec6cff8f5c783edd69", "text": "Goddard Space Flight Center The Goddard Space Flight Center ( GSFC ) is a major NASA space research laboratory established on May 1 , 1959 as NASA 's first space flight center . GSFC employs approximately 10,000 civil servants and contractors , and is located approximately 6.5 mi northeast of Washington , D.C. in Greenbelt , Maryland , United States . GSFC , one of ten major NASA field centers , is named in recognition of Dr. Robert H. Goddard ( 1882 -- 1945 ) , the pioneer of modern rocket propulsion in the United States . GSFC is the largest combined organization of scientists and engineers in the United States dedicated to increasing knowledge of the Earth , the Solar System , and the Universe via observations from space . GSFC is a major U.S. laboratory for developing and operating unmanned scientific spacecraft . GSFC conducts scientific investigation , development and operation of space systems , and development of related technologies . Goddard scientists can develop and support a mission , and Goddard engineers and technicians can design and build the spacecraft for that mission . Goddard scientist John C. Mather shared the 2006 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on COBE . GSFC also operates two spaceflight tracking and data acquisition networks ( the Space Network and the Near Earth Network ) , develops and maintains advanced space and Earth science data information systems , and develops satellite systems for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ) . GSFC manages operations for many NASA and international missions including the Hubble Space Telescope ( HST ) , the Explorer program , the Discovery Program , the Earth Observing System ( EOS ) , INTEGRAL , MAVEN , OSIRIS-REx , the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory ( SOHO ) , the Solar Dynamics Observatory ( SDO ) , and Swift . Past missions managed by GSFC include the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer ( RXTE ) , Compton Gamma Ray Observatory , SMM , COBE , IUE , and ROSAT . Typically , unmanned earth observation missions and observatories in Earth orbit are managed by GSFC , while unmanned planetary missions are managed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory ( JPL ) in Pasadena , California .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c398100fcd49fe88d07686fb8eae695e", "text": "Elon Musk: Tesla, SpaceX, and the Quest for a Fantastic Future Elon Musk : Tesla , SpaceX , and the Quest for a Fantastic Future is Ashlee Vance 's biography of Elon Musk , published in 2015 . The book traces Elon Musk 's life from his childhood up to the time he spent at Zip2 and Paypal , and then onto SpaceX , Tesla , and SolarCity . In the book , Vance managed to get regular interviews with Musk , those close to him , and those who were with him at the most important points of his life ; Musk had no control over the biography 's contents .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b8dc9cb371d031a65fd8ad795f2bf631", "text": "Mars Express Mars Express is a space exploration mission being conducted by the European Space Agency ( ESA ) . The Mars Express mission is exploring the planet Mars , and is the first planetary mission attempted by the agency . `` Express '' originally referred to the speed and efficiency with which the spacecraft was designed and built . However `` Express '' also describes the spacecraft 's relatively short interplanetary voyage , a result of being launched when the orbits of Earth and Mars brought them closer than they had been in about 60,000 years . Mars Express consists of two parts , the Mars Express Orbiter and the Beagle 2 , a lander designed to perform exobiology and geochemistry research . Although the lander failed to fully deploy after it landed on the Martian surface , the orbiter has been successfully performing scientific measurements since early 2004 , namely , high-resolution imaging and mineralogical mapping of the surface , radar sounding of the subsurface structure down to the permafrost , precise determination of the atmospheric circulation and composition , and study of the interaction of the atmosphere with the interplanetary medium . Due to the valuable science return and the highly flexible mission profile , Mars Express has been granted six mission extensions , the latest until the end of 2016 . Some of the instruments on the orbiter , including the camera systems and some spectrometers , reuse designs from the failed launch of the Russian Mars 96 mission in 1996 ( European countries had provided much of the instrumentation and financing for that unsuccessful mission ) . The design of Mars Express is based on ESA 's Rosetta mission , on which a considerable sum was spent on development . The same design was also used for the Venus Express mission in order to increase reliability and reduce development cost and time . Because of these redesigns and repurposings , the total cost of the project was about $ 345 million - less than half of comparable U.S. missions . On 19 October 2014 , the ESA reported the Mars Express is healthy after the Comet Siding Spring flyby of Mars on 19 October 2014 -- as are , as well , all NASA Mars orbiters and ISRO 's orbiter , the Mars Orbiter Mission . Arriving at Mars in 2003 , ago ( and counting ) , it is the second longest surviving , continually active spacecraft in orbit around a planet other than Earth , behind only NASA 's still active 2001 Mars Odyssey .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "693369c4e99eb9a15644e515dadc7e9f", "text": "United Launch Alliance United Launch Alliance ( ULA ) is a joint venture of Lockheed Martin Space Systems and Boeing Defense , Space & Security . ULA was formed in December 2006 by combining the teams at these companies which provide spacecraft launch services to the government of the United States . U.S. government launch customers include both the Department of Defense and NASA , as well as other organizations . With ULA , Lockheed and Boeing held a monopoly on military launches for more than a decade , until the US Air Force awarded a GPS satellite contract to SpaceX in 2016 . ULA provides launch services using three expendable launch systems -- Delta II , Delta IV and Atlas V . The Atlas and Delta launch system families have been used for more than 50 years to carry a variety of payloads including weather , telecommunications and national security satellites , as well as deep space and interplanetary exploration missions in support of scientific research . ULA also provides launch services for non-government satellites : Lockheed Martin retains the rights to market Atlas commercially . Beginning in October 2014 , ULA announced that they intended to undertake a substantial restructuring of the company , its products and processes , in the coming years in order to decrease launch costs . ULA is planning on building a new rocket that will be a successor to the Atlas V , using a new rocket engine on the first stage . In April 2015 , they unveiled the new vehicle as the Vulcan , with the first flight of a new first stage no earlier than 2019 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6febfda3781b00c17439faca2338b831", "text": "Coalition for Deep Space Exploration The Coalition for Deep Space Exploration is a United States space advocacy organization for space industry businesses and non-profit groups supporting continued government investment in space exploration .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9b159334e065afdd32e119ad7d2a71a7", "text": "Space Shuttle design process See also Space Shuttle program - Conception and development Even before the Project Apollo moon landing in 1969 , NASA began studies of space shuttle designs as early as October 1968 . The early studies were denoted `` Phase A '' , and in June 1970 , `` Phase B '' , which were more detailed and specific . The primary intended use of the space shuttle was supporting the future space station , ferrying a minimum crew of four and about 20000 lb of cargo , and able to be rapidly turned around for future flights . Two designs emerged as front-runners . One was designed by engineers at the Manned Spaceflight Center , and championed especially by George Mueller . This was a two-stage system with delta-winged spacecraft , and generally complex . An attempt to re-simplify was made in the form of the DC-3 , designed by Maxime Faget , who had designed the Mercury capsule among other vehicles . Numerous offerings from a variety of commercial companies were also offered , but generally fell by the wayside as each NASA lab pushed for its own version . All of this was taking place in the midst of other NASA teams proposing a wide variety of post-Apollo missions , a number of which would cost as much as Apollo or more . As each of these projects fought for funding , the NASA budget was at the same time being severely constrained . Three were eventually presented to Vice President Agnew in 1969 . The shuttle project rose to the top , largely due to tireless campaigning by its supporters . By 1970 the shuttle had been selected as the one major project for the short-term post-Apollo time frame . When funding for the program came into question , there were concerns that the project might be cancelled . This led to an effort to interest the US Air Force in using the shuttle for their missions as well . The Air Force was mildly interested , but demanded a much larger vehicle , far larger than the original concepts . To lower the development costs of the resulting designs , boosters were added , a throw-away fuel tank was adopted , and many other changes made that greatly lowered the reusability and greatly added to vehicle and operational costs . With the Air Force 's approval , the system emerged in its operational form .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7ca64fa58a726cad97d2c856f4b15207", "text": "StartX StartX is a non-profit business incubator associated with Stanford University . It was founded by Cameron Teitelman in 2011 . it began as a spin-off of Stanford Student Enterprises , the non-profit financial arm of the Associated Students of Stanford University , which sponsored earlier events called SSE Labs in 2009 and then SSE Ventures . The StartX incubator differentiates itself from other incubators in Silicon Valley , such as Y Combinator , in that it is an educational non-profit 501 ( c ) ( 3 ) organization that takes no equity in the companies it helps start . At least one member of each company must have some Stanford connection , but undergraduates , graduates , faculty and staff are involved in the seminars and advise program . One of its first ventures , Alphonso Labs , developed the Pulse App . WifiSlam was acquired by Apple Inc for about $ 20 million . StartX 's staff is primarily composed of student volunteers from Stanford . StartX received a $ 800,000 grant from the Kauffman Foundation in August 2012 ( which allowed Teitelman to earn a salary ) , and $ 400,000 from Silicon Valley companies in February 2012 . In May 2012 , StartX created a specialized track , called StartX Med , for medical-related startup companies . In September 2013 , Stanford announced a grant of $ 1.2 million every year for three years to StartX . Along with Stanford Hospital and Clinics , it created a new Stanford-StartX fund ( of uncapped amount ) to invest in current and alumni StartX companies . To receive the investment from Stanford , StartX companies must raise at least $ 500,000 on their own from professional angel investors or venture capitalists . Stanford-StartX approved 6 companies by 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6be962dd8f15d2a3c55a6386947832a1", "text": "Spaceflight Industries Spaceflight Industries , Inc. is a private aerospace company that specializes in the launch of secondary payloads ranging from 1 kg up to 300 kg micro satellites from a variety of space launch vehicles , such as Antares , Dnepr , Soyuz , and Falcon 9 , as well as from the ISS .", "title": "" } ]
fever
53bb3b1f10550194033a34825ec2df54
Avatar was originally planned to be released in 1999.
[ { "docid": "a1a96cb07a9ba904f9fdfd202f95e5e5", "text": "Avatar (2009 film) Avatar ( marketed as James Cameron 's Avatar ) is a 2009 American epic science fiction film directed , written , produced , and co-edited by James Cameron , and starring Sam Worthington , Zoe Saldana , Stephen Lang , Michelle Rodriguez , and Sigourney Weaver . The film is set in the mid-22nd century , when humans are colonizing Pandora , a lush habitable moon of a gas giant in the Alpha Centauri star system , in order to mine the mineral unobtanium , a room-temperature superconductor . The expansion of the mining colony threatens the continued existence of a local tribe of Na ` vi -- a humanoid species indigenous to Pandora . The film 's title refers to a genetically engineered Na ` vi body with the mind of a remotely located human that is used to interact with the natives of Pandora . Development of Avatar began in 1994 , when Cameron wrote an 80-page treatment for the film . Filming was supposed to take place after the completion of Cameron 's 1997 film Titanic , for a planned release in 1999 , but according to Cameron , the necessary technology was not yet available to achieve his vision of the film . Work on the language of the film 's extraterrestrial beings began in 2005 , and Cameron began developing the screenplay and fictional universe in early 2006 . Avatar was officially budgeted at $ 237 million . Other estimates put the cost between $ 280 million and $ 310 million for production and at $ 150 million for promotion . The film made extensive use of new motion capture filming techniques , and was released for traditional viewing , 3D viewing ( using the RealD 3D , Dolby 3D , XpanD 3D , and IMAX 3D formats ) , and for `` 4D '' experiences in select South Korean theaters . The stereoscopic filmmaking was touted as a breakthrough in cinematic technology . Avatar premiered in London on , 2009 , and was internationally released on and in the United States and Canada on , to positive critical reviews , with critics highly praising its groundbreaking visual effects . During its theatrical run , the film broke several box office records and became the highest-grossing film of all time , as well as in the United States and Canada , surpassing Titanic , which had held those records for twelve years ( and was also directed by Cameron ) . It also became the first film to gross more than and the best-selling film of 2010 in the United States . Avatar was nominated for nine Academy Awards , including Best Picture and Best Director , and won three , for Best Art Direction , Best Cinematography and Best Visual Effects . Following the film 's success , Cameron signed with 20th Century Fox to produce three sequels , making Avatar the first of a planned tetralogy . On April 14 , 2016 , Cameron confirmed that there were now plans for four sequels . Avatar 2 was scheduled for release in December 2018 before being delayed , with the sequels following in December 2020 , 2022 , and 2023 , respectively . The sequels are scheduled for release in 2020 , 2021 , 2024 and 2025 .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "744c19d6b2e638093d52a92eacffe4d9", "text": "Abatar (film) Abatar ( The Incarnation ) also known as Avatar is a 1941 Indian Bengali mythological drama film directed by Premankur Atorthy . The film was produced by Sree Bharat Lakshmi Pictures . The music of the film was composed by Himangshu Dutta who is referred to as Surasagar Himangshu Dutta . He made use of Rabindra Sangeet in his compositions and helped familiarize S. D. Burman to its use in composing semi classical songs . The cast included Durgadas Bannerjee , Ahindra Choudhury , Jyotsna Gupta , Tulsi Lahiri , Utpal Sen and Panna Devi . The film is a mythological rendering of King Indranath 's misfortunes and the descent to earth of Gods incarnated as humans .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ce37dbcc323b056860ac87e7f3c05e02", "text": "Orion Pictures Orion Pictures Corporation is an American motion picture producer and distributor that produced and released films from 1978 until 1999 , and was also involved in television production and syndication throughout the 1980s until the early 1990s . It was formed in 1978 as a joint venture between Warner Bros. and three former top-level executives of United Artists . Although it was never a large motion picture producer , Orion achieved a comparatively high reputation for Hollywood quality . Woody Allen , James Cameron , Jonathan Demme , Oliver Stone , and several other prominent directors worked with Orion during its most successful years from 1978 to 1992 . Of the films distributed by Orion , four won Academy Awards for Best Picture : Amadeus ( 1984 ) , Platoon ( 1986 ) , Dances with Wolves ( 1990 ) , and The Silence of the Lambs ( 1991 ) . Two other Orion films , Hannah and Her Sisters ( 1986 ) and Mississippi Burning ( 1988 ) , were nominated for that same category . In 2013 , Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer revived the Orion name for television ; a year later Orion Pictures was quietly relaunched by the studio .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "493d0a316be6a416759a6916fa978952", "text": "Racebending __ NOTOC __ Racebending is a neologism used to describe a process where a character 's perceived race or ethnicity is changed in a narrative by an adapter as it is created in a new media form . The term was coined by one of the founders of the website Racebending.com , which was created to protest the casting of white actors in the 2010 film The Last Airbender , where the originating TV series Avatar : The Last Airbender featured characters of East Asian appearance . The term `` racebending '' was derived from Avatar characters ' ability to manipulate or `` bend '' the classical elements of water , earth , fire , and air . Assistant Professor Kristen J. Warner wrote that the term has `` many definitions and contexts '' , such as being the industrial practice of color-blind casting or writing fan fiction , the latter being `` when writers change the race and cultural specificity of central characters or pull a secondary character of color from the margins , transforming her into the central protagonist . '' In 2010 , Racebending.com and the Media Action Network for Asian Americans ( MANAA ) urged boycotts of The Last Airbender as well as Prince of Persia : The Sands of Time due to their practices of racebending . Prince of Persia was criticized for casting white actors for the principal cast instead of actors of Iranian or Middle Eastern descent . Fan activism over The Last Airbender led to the term becoming prevalent and becoming the name of the activist movement . Activists used the term interchangeably with `` whitewashing '' to describe white actors being cast as non-white characters in adaptations of media . Pastes Abbey White said in 2016 that the term was subsequently adopted to apply to actors of color being cast in traditionally white roles . White said , `` In the last several years , racebending has become a practice used more and more to help networks diversify their ensembles and capture a bigger audience . Not only has it resulted in more racial visibility on the small screen , but in a far more unexpected way , racebending can generate deeper and more significant depictions of characters . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "47668317243484497af3750218ff8f45", "text": "Avatar Records Avatar Records is an independent record label and management company founded by Larry Robinson with offices in Los Angeles and London , England . The company was founded in 1987 in the garage of his family home in South Los Angeles . Projects released on Avatar include The Oz Soundtrack , Planet Asia , Fear of a Black Hat Soundtrack , Bishop Don Magic Juan , the NVA Straight from the Crates compilation , the soundtrack to the television show Girlfriends , and others . Avatar has digitally distributed over three hundred record labels with songs by artists including Anya Marina , Metallica , Bruce Springsteen , Wu-Tang Clan , Mary J. Blige , Amy Winehouse , Erykah Badu , and others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b0ef1af1be3b23fc2a82cb1be7f28903", "text": "List of Malaysian submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film Malaysia is one of more than a hundred countries that have sent films to compete for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film since 2004 . The Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film is handed out annually by the United States Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences to a feature-length motion picture produced outside the United States that contains primarily non-English dialogue . As of 2016 , a total of four films have been submitted for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film , but none has yet received an Oscar nomination . The Princess of Mount Ledang was the first film to be submitted in 2003 , since then no other films that was submitted until 2012 , a film directed by Dain Said Bunohan was sent to compete , but it failed to set out as the nominee . For the 88th Academy Awards , Men Who Save the World was decided by National Film Development Corporation Malaysia ( FINAS ) to be submitted , affiliated with Malaysian Ministry of Communications and Multimedia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be3148e952d5fbcbe3b525f02375a171", "text": "Producers Guild Film Awards The Producers Guild Film Awards ( previously known as the Apsara Film & Television Producers Guild Award ) is an accolade given by the Apsara Producers Guild to recognize excellence in Indian film and television . Originated by filmmaker and scholar Amit Khanna , the Star Guild Awards have been one of the major award events since 2004 . The 22-karat gold statuette was sculpted and designed by the jewellery brand Tanishq and was `` inspired by the rich heritage of one of India 's most treasured possessions - the Ajanta and Ellora Caves . '' Nominations for the awards come from selected members of the guild , with the full membership ( around 160 ) available to vote for the winners . The ballots cast by the guild members are then taken to a common venue for the final counting .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd0ace1270f626365441a3fbd3d36d96", "text": "Unsimulated sex Unsimulated sex is the presentation in a film of sex scenes where the actors engage in an actual sex act , and are not just miming or simulating the actions . At one time in the United States such scenes were restricted by law and self-imposed industry standards such as the Motion Picture Production Code . Films showing explicit sexual activity were confined to privately distributed underground films , such as stag films or `` porn loops '' . Beginning in the late 1960s , most notably with Blue Movie by Andy Warhol , mainstream cinemas began pushing boundaries in terms of what was presented on screen . Although the vast majority of sexual situations depicted in mainstream cinema are simulated ( in early pornography , the main actors engaged in simulated sex , with inserts placed in the film ) , on rare occasions actors engage in real sex . The difference between these films and pornography is that , while such scenes might be considered erotic , the intent of these films is not solely pornographic . Notable examples include two of the eight Bedside-films and the six Zodiac-films from the 1970s , all of which were produced in Denmark and had many pornographic sex scenes , but were nevertheless considered mainstream films ( they all had mainstream casts and crews , and premiered in mainstream cinemas ) . The last of these films , Agent 69 Jensen i Skyttens tegn , was made in 1978 . From the end of the 1970s until the late 1990s it was rare to see hardcore scenes in mainstream cinema , but this changed with the success of Lars von Trier 's The Idiots ( 1998 ) , which heralded a wave of art-house films with explicit content , such as Romance ( 1999 ) , Baise-moi ( 2000 ) , Intimacy ( 2001 ) , Vincent Gallo 's The Brown Bunny ( 2003 ) , and Michael Winterbottom 's 9 Songs ( 2004 ) . Some simulated sex scenes are sufficiently realistic that critics mistakenly believe that they are real , such as the cunnilingus scene in the 2006 film Red Road .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e2ea4396ac35ca03f5c7809b697ad600", "text": "Pandora (comics) Pandora is a fictional character created by William A. Christensen , Editor-in-Chief of Avatar Press comics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "15de4fea6d1defb9167a6e11108320bb", "text": "Cinema of India The cinema of India consists of films produced across India . Cinema as a medium has gained immense popularity in the country and as many as 1,600 films in various languages of India are produced annually . Indian films have also come to be followed throughout South Asia , the Greater Middle East , Southeast Asia and other countries . Dadasaheb Phalke is known as the `` father of Indian cinema '' . The Dadasaheb Phalke Award , for lifetime contribution to cinema , was instituted in his honour , by the Government of India in 1969 , and is the most prestigious and coveted award in Indian cinema . In the 20th century , Indian cinema , along with the Hollywood and Chinese film industries , became a global enterprise . As of 2013 , in terms of annual film output , India ranks first , followed by Nollywood , Hollywood and China . In 2012 , India produced 1,602 feature films . The Indian film industry reached overall revenues of $ 1.86 billion ( 93 billion ) in 2011 . This is projected to rise to $ 3 billion ( 200 billion ) in 2016 . In 2015 , India had a total box office gross of , the fourth largest in the world outside North America . Enhanced technology paved the way for upgrading from established cinematic norms of delivering product , altering the manner in which content reached the target audience . Biopics like Dangal and CGI-laden epics like Baahubali emerged as transnational blockbusters grossing over $ 200 million each in early 21st century . Indian cinema found markets in over 90 countries where films from India are screened . The Indian government extended film delegations to foreign countries such as the United States of America and Japan while the country 's Film Producers Guild sent similar missions through Europe . The provision of 100 % foreign direct investment has made the Indian film market attractive for foreign enterprises such as 20th Century Fox , Sony Pictures , Walt Disney Pictures and Warner Bros. . Indian enterprises such as AVM Productions , Prasad 's Group , Sun Pictures , PVP Cinemas , Zee , UTV , Suresh Productions , Eros Films , Ayngaran International , Pyramid Saimira , Aascar Films and Adlabs also participated in producing and distributing films . Tax incentives to multiplexes have aided the multiplex boom in India . By 2003 as many as 30 film production companies had been listed in the National Stock Exchange of India , making the commercial presence of the medium felt . The South Indian film industry defines the four film cultures of South India as a single entity . They are the Telugu , the Tamil , the Malayalam and the Kannada industries . Although developed independently over a long period , gross exchange of film performers and technicians as well as globalisation helped to shape this new identity . The Indian diaspora consists of millions of Indians overseas for which films are made available both through media such as DVDs and by screening of films in their country of residence wherever commercially feasible . These earnings , accounting for some 12 % of the revenue generated by a mainstream film , contribute substantially to the overall revenue of Indian cinema , the net worth of which was found to be 1.3 billion in 2000 . Music in Indian cinema is another substantial revenue generator with the music rights alone accounting for 4 -- 5 % of the net revenues generated by a film in India .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c411164ee4a05e1b068ff8b769fdf3c5", "text": "List of Phantom: Requiem for the Phantom episodes This article is a list of the episodes of the Japanese anime series Phantom ~ Requiem for the Phantom ~ , which is animated by Bee Train and directed by Koichi Mashimo under the Project Phantom group . The series went on air on April 2 , 2009 on TV Tokyo . Subsequently the show also aired on AT-X , TV Aichi , and TV Osaka . Funimation Entertainment is streaming the series for its North American audience . The anime is based on the 2000 video game Phantom of Inferno . The series is about a Japanese national who gets kidnapped by an assassin syndicate called Inferno after he had personally witnessed an assassination while visiting the United States . Inferno is a criminal organization attempting to unite all known underworld mob gangs into one conglomerate . In order to achieve their goal , Inferno deploys its assassin operatives codenamed Phantom . Among them is an amnesiac girl named Ein and the Japanese national , who was given the name Zwei as his codename after being brainwashed of his previous memory . An announcement regarding the show was first announced in the January issue of Kadokawa Shoten 's Newtype magazine with Yoshimitsu Yamashita , Mutsumi Sasaki and Yoko Kikuchi being the main animators with Bee Train being in charge of animation . Soon afterwards , a promotional video of Phantom ~ Requiem of the Phantom ~ was broadcast on Biglobe . Music for the series is created under Masumi Itō , using the alias Hikaru Nanase . For the first 19 episodes , the opening song `` Karma '' is written and sung by Kokia and arranged by Hikaru Nanase , with the ending song is sung by Ali Project with CD singles released . From episode 20 onwards , a 2nd opening song is sung by Ali Project with a 2nd ending song `` Transparent '' written and sung by Kokia and also arranged by Nanase . In addition , the OST of the show with CD singles by Ayahi Takagaki and Miyu Irino have been released to the public on July 8 , 2009 . The Japanese DVD releases of Volume 1 came out on July 24 , 2009 with subsequent releases from Volumes 2 to 10 on August 25 , 2009 , September 25 , 2009 , October 23 , 2009 , November 25 , 2009 , December 22 , 2009 , January 22 , 2010 , February 25 , 2010 , March 25 , 2010 and April 23 , 2010 . FUNimation released the series on Blu-ray and DVD in 2011 . A manga adaptation of the show was published in tankōbon form on May 23 , 2009 by Media Factory and Nitroplus , with the manga being illustrated by Masaki Hiragi under Media Factory 's Monthly Comic Alive 's February issue .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cacc092eee33f6f71221b2569081266d", "text": "Voogie's Angel is a three-episode Japanese original video animation series , based on a 1996 radio drama series of the same name created by Aoi Takeuchi . Character designs in the animation were redone by Masami Ōbari , based on the original designs created by Shinichi Miyamae for the radio series and its CD releases . A hundred years after the Earth 's surface is invaded by aliens ( Space Emigrants , or SE ) and humans have been forced to live in underwater cities , the last hope of saving the Earth lies in the hands of five cybernetically enhanced women . These women are trained to carry out attacks against the SE in hopes of reclaiming Earth for mankind . An OVA directed by Hayato Date titled 電脳戦隊ヴギィ ' ズ ・ エンジェル外伝 進め ！ スーパー ・ エンジェルス ！ was released on August 21 , 1998 . Another OVA , titled 電脳戦隊ヴギィ ' ズ ・ エンジェル - Forever and ever - , was released on January 25 , 1999 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5e27ee3d45ad72d3c261b7cdf756f1d0", "text": "1999 Webby Awards The 1999 Webby Awards were held on March 18 , 1999 , at the Herbst Theater ( War memorial Opera House ) in San Francisco , California . IDG , which still owned the awards organization , continued to retain Tiffany Shlain to produce the awards even though the magazine division she had been working for had been shut down . Mayor Rudy Giuliani had lobbied to move the ceremony to New York City , but San Francisco Mayor Willie Brown interceded with Schlain by promising the City 's support , including hosting a post-award party at the newly remodeled City Hall . Google founders Larry Page and Sergey Brin arrived wearing rollerblades and metallic capes , and remained in the opera hall lobby to grant interviews while most guests were watching the awards in the theater . The event was noted for the famous incident in which a representative of Jodi.org , which had won in the arts category , called the event participants `` Ugly corporate sons-of-bitches '' in his acceptance speech and tossed his trophy to the audience . The organizers asked PricewaterhouseCoopers to tabulate and ensure security for the `` People 's Voice '' winners , chosen by online voting .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "56e8ace63f8d1e1bd26f0b94a1750a06", "text": "Alien Adventure Alien Adventure is a science fiction/slapstick comedy 3D film in IMAX format released in 1999 by nWave Pictures , written and directed by Ben Stassen . The movie was rated G ( or the local equivalent ) in most countries . It was the first fully digital feature-length film produced for a large-screen format .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e07f944d613aa9e663ef0b9783368e78", "text": "Pandoran biosphere The fictional Pandoran biosphere , from James Cameron 's Avatar , teems with a biodiversity of bioluminescent species ranging from hexapodal animals to other types of exotic fauna and flora . The Pandoran ecology forms a vast neural network spanning the entire lunar surface into which the Naʼvi and other creatures can connect . The strength of this collective consciousness is illustrated when the human invaders are defeated in battle by the Pandoran ecology , after the Naʼvi were nearly defeated . Cameron utilized a team of expert advisors in order to make the various examples of fauna and flora as scientifically feasible as possible .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4ab0dc7eee5ddbf1c42352c18ce1ef97", "text": "List of Avatar: The Last Airbender characters This features a list of significant characters from the animated television programs Avatar : The Last Airbender and The Legend of Korra created by Bryan Konietzko and Michael Dante DiMartino .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "84e4a8d12de5bad9b02366ee7eccdc42", "text": "Animerama is a series of thematically-related adult anime feature films originally conceived and initiated by Osamu Tezuka and made at his Mushi Production animation studio from the late 1960s to early 1970s , perhaps intended as animated counterparts to the then-emergent pink films ( a direct connection being Shigemi Satoyoshi as the scenarist for Cleopatra ) . As well as the erotic themes , they are also defined by mixing more typical traditional animation with sequences of UPA and Yōji Kuri -- influenced experimental use of modern design , limited animation , and still paintings akin to Tezuka 's experimental short films and like those largely were all directed , sometimes sharing the billing with Tezuka , by Eiichi Yamamoto . The first , A Thousand & One Nights , was the first erotic animated feature film and , at 130 minutes , remains one of the longest ever animated films . The first two are also notable for having scores by famed composer and electronic rearranger Isao Tomita . The third , Belladonna , made without Tezuka 's direct involvement , is more serious than its predecessors and more avant-garde still , telling its story largely through pans over still , panoramic paintings with narration . The three films in the trilogy are : ( 1969 ) ( 1970 ) ( 1973 ) All three were released onto DVD-Video by the video division of Columbia Music Entertainment , both separately and as a box set , in 2004 in Japan and re-released in 2006 . A 1991 original video animation based on part of Ihara Saikaku 's The Life of an Amorous Man ( released on VHS in the United Kingdom and Ireland as The Sensualist ) made at Grouper Production is sometimes considered an unofficial successor to the trilogy , owing to the involvement of Yamamoto as screenwriter and its similarly both erotic and experimental imagery .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "51ad61b405d17965e451b6f4fad8f0d1", "text": "IMVU IMVU , Inc. , ( -LSB- ˈɪmvjuː -RSB- ) is an online metaverse and website . IMVU was founded in 2004 and was originally backed by venture investors Menlo Ventures , Allegis Capital , Bridgescale Partners and Best Buy Capital . IMVU members use 3D avatars to meet new people , chat , create , and play games . IMVU has over 3 million active users and currently has the largest virtual goods catalog of more than 30 million items . The business is located in Mountain View , California , and has 120 full-time employees . It is also known as one of the leading practitioners of the lean startup approach . The company name is neither an acronym nor an initialism . IMVU co-founder Eric Ries described the accidental process by which the company acquired its meaningless name , and stated `` It 's not an acronym ; it does n't stand for anything '' . IMVU contains its own economy with a currency system based on IMVU `` credits '' and `` promo credits '' . A third form of currency also exists for creators , known as `` developer tokens '' , which are earned when a user purchases an item with `` promo-credits '' . Credits can be purchased online using actual currency directly from IMVU . Credits may also be purchased on IMVU gift cards available from retail outlets such as department stores . Credits can be transferred back from IMVU to actual currency for developers accounts only . The credits are used by members to purchase virtual items like fashion pieces ( hair , clothes , skins , and accessories ) , pets , and 3D scenes such as homes , clubs and open landscapes . Furniture can also be purchased the same way and placed into unlocked rooms , but there are also rooms that have some furniture included in them as well as locked rooms that include furniture that can not be removed . Promotional credits , abbreviated to `` promo-credits '' , are a second form of currency distributed to members by IMVU and can be obtained by participating in various `` Partner '' promotions as well as a few activities the IMVU provides . With relation to a standard free or full member , promo-credits are similar to standard credits . A given number of credits equates , promo-credits can not be used to purchase items as gifts for other members and may not be traded back to an IMVU re-seller for actual currency . Promo-credits used to purchase a virtual product are exchanged into `` developer tokens '' , also known as `` dev tokens '' . The purchase transfers the promo-credits into developer tokens but nets a single developer token per purchase when promo-credits are used regardless of the price of the product purchased .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d66b7d0ac2ba1c69e151792742cc51c0", "text": "List of American films of 1999 A list of American films released in 1999 . American Beauty won the Academy Award for Best Picture .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18d252a4d8ef0363cd4f8cad20b4fc37", "text": "9 (Alice Nine album) 9 is the fifth studio album by Japanese visual kei rock band Alice Nine . The album was officially released on February 22 , 2012 . 9 was released in two formats : a limited edition with an exclusive DVD and a regular edition . The DVD included with the limited edition of the album features a music video for '' すべてへ '' , as well as a multi-angle version of the music video focusing on one of the five members of the band and a making-of documentary for the music video . The album was preceded by three singles : `` Blue Flame '' , released in August 2011 , and `` Heart of Gold '' , released in September 2011 and finally Niji no Yuki on 21 December 2011 . After the release , the band embarked on four tours of Japan entitled Alice Nine `` Court of ' 9 ' '' # 1-4 . So far they have completed the first two of these tours with relative success in all areas of Japan , managing to sell out in many medium-to-large venues nationwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "278bb64c1d9973a1d105a9adbcfd7210", "text": "Millennium Actress is a 2001 Japanese animated comedy-drama adventure film co-written and directed by Satoshi Kon and animated by Studio Madhouse . Loosely based on the lives of actresses Setsuko Hara and Hideko Takamine , it tells the story of two documentary filmmakers investigating the life of a retired acting legend . As she tells them the story of her life , the difference between reality and cinema becomes blurred .", "title": "" } ]
fever
e191b894c951cd10a4120432e6662667
Nirvana and Soundgarden were contemporaries in Seattle.
[ { "docid": "b68af13eb1e75214f956852b61c77b86", "text": "Soundgarden Soundgarden is an American rock band formed in Seattle , Washington , in 1984 by singer and rhythm guitarist Chris Cornell , lead guitarist Kim Thayil , and bassist Hiro Yamamoto . Matt Cameron became the band 's full-time drummer in 1986 , while bassist Ben Shepherd became a permanent replacement for Yamamoto in 1990 . Cornell remained in Soundgarden until his death in May 2017 , putting the band 's future in doubt and leaving Thayil as the only remaining original member of the band . Soundgarden was one of the seminal bands in the creation of grunge , a style of alternative rock that developed in Seattle , and was one of a number of grunge bands signed to the record label Sub Pop . Soundgarden was the first grunge band to sign to a major label ( A&M Records in 1988 ) , though the band did not achieve commercial success until they popularized the genre in the early 1990s with Seattle contemporaries Pearl Jam , Nirvana , and Alice in Chains . Soundgarden achieved its biggest success with the 1994 album Superunknown , which debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 and yielded the Grammy Award-winning singles `` Black Hole Sun '' and `` Spoonman '' . In 1997 , the band broke up due to internal strife over its creative direction . After more than a decade of working on projects and other bands , Soundgarden reunited in 2010 and their sixth studio album , King Animal , was released two years later . As of 2012 , Soundgarden sold more than 10.5 million records in the United States , and an estimated 22.5 million worldwide . VH1 ranked Soundgarden at number 14 in their special 100 Greatest Artists of Hard Rock .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "e24c377a7d0493c5da8e2d07607d4329", "text": "Andrew Wood (singer) Andrew Patrick Wood ( January 8 , 1966 -- March 19 , 1990 ) was an American musician best known as the lead singer for alternative rock bands Malfunkshun and Mother Love Bone . Wood was also known for his flamboyance . Wood formed Malfunkshun in 1980 with his brother Kevin and Regan Hagar . The band used alter ego personas onstage , with Wood using the name Landrew the Love Child . Though the band only had two songs released , `` With Yo ' Heart ( Not Yo ' Hands ) '' and `` Stars-n-You '' , on the Deep Six compilation album , they are often cited as being among the `` founding fathers '' of the Seattle 's grunge movement . During his time in Malfunkshun , Wood started relying heavily on drugs , entering rehab in 1985 . By 1988 , Malfunkshun had disbanded and Wood began jamming with Green River members Stone Gossard and Jeff Ament . They soon began writing original material and formed Mother Love Bone the same year , adding guitarist Bruce Fairweather ( also a former member of Green River ) and drummer Greg Gilmore to the lineup . The following year , the band signed a deal with PolyGram , issuing a six-song EP , Shine , before going on to tour , supporting The Dogs D'Amour . Towards the end of the year , the band recorded their debut album , Apple , which was scheduled for release in 1990 . Due to his struggle with drug addiction , Wood checked himself into rehab in 1989 , hoping to get clean for the release of Mother Love Bone 's debut album . On March 16 , 1990 , Wood was found in a comatose state by his girlfriend , Xana La Fuente , having overdosed on heroin . Wood was taken to the hospital and placed on life support . Wood 's condition had shown signs of improvement but he died three days later .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "66318c39836b6c7e3e014f16d8986311", "text": "Chief Seattle Chief Seattle ( c. 1786 -- June 7 , 1866 ) was a Suquamish Tribe ( Suquamish ) and Dkhw ` Duw ` Absh ( Duwamish ) chief . A prominent figure among his people , he pursued a path of accommodation to white settlers , forming a personal relationship with `` Doc '' Maynard . The city of Seattle , in the U.S. state of Washington , was named after him . A widely publicized speech arguing in favor of ecological responsibility and respect of Native Americans ' land rights had been attributed to him . However , what he actually said has been lost through translation and rewriting . The name Seattle is an anglicization of the modern Duwamish conventional spelling Si'ahl , equivalent to the modern Lushootseed spelling siʔaɫ -LSB- ˈsiʔaːɬ -RSB- . He is also known as Sealth , Seathle , Seathl , or See-ahth .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "019c6b7c2184255413dc3c7095e912d7", "text": "Blink-182 Blink-182 ( often stylized as blink-182 ; pronounced `` blink one eighty two '' ) is an American rock band formed in Poway , California in 1992 . The band currently consists of bassist and vocalist Mark Hoppus , drummer Travis Barker , and guitarist and vocalist Matt Skiba . Founded by guitarist and vocalist Tom DeLonge , bassist and vocalist Mark Hoppus and drummer Scott Raynor , the band emerged from the Southern California punk scene of the early 1990s and first gained notoriety for high-energy live shows and irreverent lyrical toilet humor . Blink-182 was initially known as Blink until an Irish band of the same name threatened legal action ; in response , the band appended the meaningless number '' -182 '' . In its early years , Blink-182 toured heavily behind the band 's debut , Cheshire Cat ( 1995 ) . The group signed with major label MCA Records to co-distribute its second album , Dude Ranch ( 1997 ) . Raynor was fired midway through a 1998 tour and replaced by Barker . The group 's next two releases , Enema of the State ( 1999 ) and Take Off Your Pants and Jacket ( 2001 ) , were enormous successes on the strength of radio and MTV airplay . The eponymously titled Blink-182 followed in 2003 and marked a stylistic shift for the group . DeLonge quit in 2005 , sending the band into what was termed an `` indefinite hiatus '' . They reunited in 2009 , producing the trio 's sixth album , Neighborhoods ( 2011 ) . In 2015 , DeLonge again exited and was replaced by Alkaline Trio guitarist and vocalist Matt Skiba . The band 's seventh studio album , California , was released on July 1 , 2016 . Blink-182 is considered a key group in the development of pop punk ; the band 's combination of pop melodies with fast-paced punk rock featured a more radio-friendly accessibility than prior bands . The trio has sold over thirteen million albums in the United States , and over 50 million albums worldwide . In 2011 , The New York Times asserted , `` no punk band of the 1990s has been more influential than Blink-182 , '' and even as the band receded after its 2005 split , `` its sound and style could be heard in the muscular pop punk of Fall Out Boy or in the current wave of high-gloss Warped Tour punk bands , like All Time Low and The Maine . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3289626f6b227cd6f54e141f58132430", "text": "Chillwave Chillwave ( originally called `` glo-fi '' or `` hypnagogic pop '' ; also `` dream-beat '' ) is a style of music characterized by a faded or dreamy retro pop sound , mellow vocals , a low-to-moderate tempo , escapist lyrics about the beach or summertime , psychedelic or lo-fi textures , effects processing ( reverb especially ) , vintage synthesizers , and other attempts to loosely emulate 1980s electronic pop aesthetics as well as engage with notions of memory and nostalgia . Sometimes regarded as a `` made-up '' genre , the movement 's vanguard was represented by Neon Indian , Washed Out , and Toro y Moi , who gained critical attention through what was termed the 2009 `` Summer of Chillwave '' . Coinciding with the economic turmoil of the late 2000s and early 2010s recession , chillwave was one of the first music genres to develop by being linked and defined through various outlets on the Internet rather than geographic location . The style draws from elements in dream pop and shoegaze , as well as the work of artists such as Panda Bear , Animal Collective , and lo-fi musician Ariel Pink . The term `` hypnagogic pop '' was coined at virtually the same time as `` chillwave '' to describe similar artists . Other elements related to drug-induced mind states and idyllic summer fantasies were drawn from the Beach Boys ' Brian Wilson . Washed Out 's 2009 track `` Feel It All Around '' remains the genre 's definitive and best-known song . The term `` chillwave '' , which originated from the satirical blog Hipster Runoff in 2009 , was ultimately criticized for being nebulous and contrived . Some artists rejected the tag , while hundreds of others exploited the style 's low-budget simplicity , one of the major reasons for its decline . Media coverage usually derided the genre 's name , its reliance on nostalgia , and the ubiquitous mention of `` the summer '' in its writings . After chillwave was the subject of much discourse on websites like Gorilla vs. Bear and Pitchfork , the movement dissipated , and the style effectively fell out of vogue . The Internet-based microgenre vaporwave would be inspired by chillwave .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "789826494489cd8de2a085e399cc211e", "text": "The Seattle Star The Seattle Star was a daily newspaper that ran from February 25 , 1899 , to August 13 , 1947 . It was owned by E. W. Scripps and in 1920 was transferred to Scripps McRae League of Newspapers ( later Scripps-Canfield League ) , after a falling-out within the Scripps family . The company , which eventually became Scripps League Newspapers , Inc. , owned the paper until 1942 , when it was sold to a group of local Seattle businessmen including Howard Parrish , its publisher . Soon after the sale , it reverted to its previous broadsheet format after having been a tabloid for a short time . Of the three Seattle general circulation dailies ( Seattle Post-Intelligencer and Seattle Times being the other two ) , it was the smallest in circulation , although it had been the largest paper in the city around 1900 . For most of its life the paper was known as the `` working man 's '' or `` working person 's '' paper . It was staunchly pro-labor , reflecting the values of E.W. Scripps . In 1919 , it became vehemently anti-Japanese , especially toward Japanese-Americans who lived in its vicinity . After World War II , all of its assets minus the building and machinery were sold to The Seattle Times for $ 360,000 in 1947 . Management said the sale was needed because of the rising labor costs and the newsprint shortage .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3b0328798297f94c934ed06fc52d530a", "text": "Portland Timbers–Seattle Sounders rivalry The Portland -- Seattle rivalry is a soccer rivalry between the Portland Timbers and Seattle Sounders FC soccer teams . The rivalry pre-dates the current teams in both cities , back to the North American Soccer League days , and has since grown into one of the largest and most bitter rivalries in American soccer . The rivalry has spanned across several leagues including the USL First Division , A-League , NASL , and Major League Soccer . According to many players , the Seattle -- Portland rivalry is one of the only true derbies that is present in American soccer . Alan Hinton , a former English international and ex-Sounders coach , has compared the rivalry to those seen in the English Premier League . It is considered to be one of the most intense rivalries in the United States . Seattle and Portland have had rivalries based on various sports teams . A heated rivalry surrounded the Portland Buckaroos and Seattle Totems of the minor-league Western Hockey League in the 1960s . Later , some fans supported the Thunderbirds or Winterhawks hockey teams . This rivalry `` naturally translated into soccer '' according to one fan . The two cities also had a rivalry between the SuperSonics and Trail Blazers of the NBA , known as the `` Battle of I-5 '' , since both cities intersect on the freeway Interstate 5 . The rivalry continued until the SuperSonics relocated to Oklahoma City in 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "25540ead99d3c4dfe9b4d69350e67c78", "text": "The Daily Flash The Daily Flash are an American folk rock and psychedelic band founded in 1965 , active until 1968 and reformed in 2002 . originally based in Seattle and later in Los Angeles . The group was composed of guitarist/singer Steve Lalor , lead guitarist Doug Hastings , bass player/singer Don MacAllister and drummer Jon Keliehor . According to Mike Stax , they `` had become a major force in the growing Seattle underground scene by 1965 . '' Their sound , which incorporated elements of folk music and jazz as well as rock stood in contrast to the garage rock sound typical of the Pacific Northwest at the time , anticipating the sound that came to be identified with San Francisco .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7b81d712fb5686e0bdb9ce4d22dcbca1", "text": "Thrift store chic Thrift store chic refers to a style of dressing where clothes are cheap and/or used . Clothes are often bought from thrift stores such as the Salvation Army , Goodwill , or Value Village . Originally popular among the hippies of the late 1960s , this fashion movement resurfaced during the mid-1980s among teenagers , and expanded into the 1990s with the growing popularity of such music and style influences including the grunge band Nirvana . Thrift store chic can be considered as an anti-fashion statement because it does not follow fashion trends and does not attempt to look expensive or new . Thrift store chic is often composed of vintage T-shirts ( striped tees and anything with vintage graphics , in particular ) , sweaters , flannel ` lumberjack ' shirts , and worn and torn jeans . This laid back , nonchalant , and aloof look became fashionable and trendy without attempting to . Originally worn for a variety of reasons , which include an homage , or attempt to resurrect earlier styles , or even in protest to the exploitation of third world child workers in sweat shops . By the late 2000s many of the younger indie kids wore thrift store clothes primarily for its ironic anti-fashion connotations , attempting to look like a homeless person who can afford expensive electronics . Thrift store chic is also popular among people who enjoy creating their own outfits from pieces of used clothing . This DIY ( do-it-yourself ) approach creates original articles of clothing that can be very personalized . For example , in the 1986 movie Pretty in Pink , Molly Ringwald 's character , Andie Walsh , is fond of taking clothing from thrift stores and creating a unique and eclectic wardrobe . One very memorable article is the prom dress she creates , made from merging two separate dresses . During the 1990s , singers such as Kurt Cobain , Courtney Love , and Eddie Vedder promoted the look . Kurt Cobain 's style included uncoordinated and non-brand-name items of clothing that created the look of a carelessly cool grunge rock star . Clothes often had holes or tears in them and were worn in many layers , which hid the body . Cobain 's modest style contrasted from the aggressive and glamorous style of bands such as Guns N ' Roses . Fans of Nirvana found it easy to emulate his style , thus identifying themselves and the grunge movement . His thrift store style also reflected an ironic stance against corporate culture . Ironic , because his band had signed with the corporate music label Geffen Records . Entering the 2000s , this look because associated with musical scenes including indie rock and emo , gradually spreading to the hipster movement . The hipster movement is popular among people in their 20s and 30s whose style attempts to reject mainstream trends . The hipster movement embraced thrift store chic because of its love for vintage items , especially clothing . Items that became popular for indie girls included flowery cotton dresses , cardigans , keffiyehs , and eyeglasses chosen deliberately for their unfashionable connotations . Hipster-thrift-store-chic embraces nostalgia and irony by combining old trucker-caps and vintage bowling t-shirts with worn luxury goods like leather jackets , old military dress uniforms as a protest against the war in Iraq , or used business wear , such as tweed cloth sportcoats . With the stock market crash of 2008 , shopping at thrift stores became more widely accepted . Bragging about how much an item of clothing cost was no longer about how expensive it was , but rather how cheap it cost . Showing off a six-hundred-dollar pair of shoes when people were losing their jobs was no longer tactful . In the United States , resale stores experienced an average of 35 % increase in sales . Purchasing used clothing has lost much of its stigma also due to the growing environmental movement towards consumption . Because textiles can be difficult to recycle ( especially mixed blends ) , reusing clothing is considered environmentally friendly because it makes use of material that would have otherwise potentially ended up in a landfill . In 2013 , the Macklemore and Lewis 's single `` Thrift Shop '' reached number 1 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart . The song glorifies shopping at thrift shops and denounces expensive brands , such as Gucci , as `` getting tricked by a business . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "46f83fb26c1f212358f37032cdd30c40", "text": "Musical Starstreams Musical Starstreams ( also known as Starstreams ) is a terrestrial and internet radio program that first aired in the San Francisco bay area in December 1981 . Originally known as Music for Your inner Space , it has been produced , programmed and hosted by Forest , originally in Mill Valley and now from Maui , for its entire nearly thirty-five year history , except for a twelve-month period from mid-2002 , when Madison Cole hosted the show . In 1983 the two-hour weekly show began syndication on commercial terrestrial radio , and in 1985 was picked up for distribution outside the US . It has been heard on over 200 noncommercial and commercial radio stations , cable systems , the internet , XM satellite radio channels and DirecTV . Although initially scoring good ratings nationwide , the show peaked in numbers of terrestrial stations in 1991 , the same year it was nominated for Billboard magazine 's ` Adult Syndicated Program of the Year . ' With the volatile nature of commercial radio stations continually changing formats , terrestrial station coverage has significantly declined to a point where by their own website 's count , they list only 10 noncommercial and commercial radio stations ( as of 3/11 ) which they attribute to the decline in terrestrial station listening and the increased popularity of the internet where more listeners have chosen to listen online to the program in its current form . A more music intensive version of the program called The Starstreams Channel can be heard online , hosted by Madison Cole and by Forest himself as simply Starstreams on Mixcloud . Back in the 1980s the show played a mix of electronic , new-age and a small amount of jazz , Today , it has more of a Chill music core , sometimes characterized as mid - to down-tempo `` exotic electronica '' . Back in the early days it was also sometimes described as `` Marin County hot-tub music '' a tongue in cheek reference to its former home just across the Golden Gate Bridge from San Francisco .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "00ec7ff1dbc6a4205840b3d696fac0b9", "text": "Chinatown-International District, Seattle The Chinatown-International District of Seattle , Washington ( also known as the CID ) is the center of Seattle 's Asian American community . Within the Chinatown International District are the three neighborhoods known as Seattle 's Chinatown , Japantown , and Little Saigon , named for the concentration of businesses owned by people of Chinese , Japanese , and Vietnamese descent , respectively . The geographic area also once included Seattle 's Manilatown . The name Chinatown-International District was established by City Ordinance 119297 in 1999 as a result of the three neighborhoods ' work and consensus on the Seattle Chinatown International District Urban Village Strategic Plan submitted to the City Council in December 1998 . Like many other areas of Seattle , the neighborhood is multiethnic , but the majority of its residents are of Chinese ethnicity . It is one of eight historic neighborhoods recognized by the City of Seattle . CID has a mix of residences and businesses and is a tourist attraction for its ethnic Asian businesses and landmarks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7ec1bfc6dfcc0c27c57044e51b74e3eb", "text": "Rail (band) Rail is an American rock band that briefly achieved national fame after winning the grand prize of MTV 's Basement Tapes competition in 1983 . Before starting their recording career the group was well known in the Seattle area under the names `` Rail & Company '' and `` Rail & Co. . '' The band was formed by drummer Kelly Nobles , bassist/singer Terry James Young and guitarist Andy Baldwin at Highland Junior High School in Bellevue , Washington in 1970 . Interlake High School mate Rick Knotts joined the band in 1973 . Rail won a best local band award from Seattle rock station KZOK-FM in 1978 . The band entered the Billboard 200 albums chart with its self-titled EMI America Records release `` Rail '' . The band toured with Van Halen , Heart , Ted Nugent , Blue Öyster Cult , Three Dog Night , The Beach Boys , Nazareth , and others . Rail released three albums and one EP between 1980 -- 1997 and remains a long-touring staple of the Washington local music scene . Although not officially recognized on any of their albums , during the early to mid-80 's several well known local artists appeared as guest performers live and in the studio . In 1985 they were joined by guitarist Ronnie Montrose for several months . He was looking for a new band , and Rick Knotts had recently left . Billed as `` Rail featuring Ronnie Montrose '' or `` Ronnie & Rail , '' they played a set of half Rail favorites and half Montrose songs ( `` Rock Candy , '' `` Rock the Nation , '' `` Matriarch , '' and Gamma 's remake of Thunderclap Newman 's `` Something in the Air '' ) . At the end of the tour , there was an amicable split . The original four members continue to perform and record together . In late 2009 , the band began work on its 5th record .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "14963e8266c5e33c0916fe5d0ff20e6a", "text": "Elliott Bay Elliott Bay is a part of the Central Basin region of Puget Sound in the U.S. state of Washington that extends southeastward between West Point in the north and Alki Point in the south . Seattle was founded on this body of water in the 1850s and has since grown to encompass it completely . The waterway it provides to the Pacific Ocean has served as a key element of the city 's economy , enabling the Port of Seattle to become one of the busiest ports in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "871f7e1ad2d9a3f567b080d7106314c0", "text": "Mt. Fuji Records Mt. Fuji Records is an independent record label based in Seattle , Washington . Their roster includes rock bands such as Little Brazil , The Cops and Slender Means .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f20bdcd8b799cf0d1b6d0492581d16b2", "text": "With the Lights Out With the Lights Out is a box set , containing three CDs and one DVD , of previously rare or unreleased material , including b-sides , demos , rough rehearsal recordings and live recordings , from the American rock band Nirvana . It was released in November 2004 . The title was taken from the lyric , `` With the lights out , it 's less dangerous '' from the band 's 1991 `` Smells Like Teen Spirit '' single .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c539f29a95a48f29315a99331a07753", "text": "Beacon Hill, Seattle Beacon Hill is a hill and neighborhood in southeast Seattle , Washington . The municipal government subdivides it into North Beacon Hill , Mid-Beacon Hill , Holly Park , and South Beacon Hill , though most people who live there simply call it `` Beacon Hill . '' Former home to the world headquarters of Amazon.com and present home to the Seattle Division of the Department of Veterans Affairs ' Puget Sound Health Care System , the hill offers views of downtown , the Industrial District , Elliott Bay , First Hill , Rainier Valley , and , when the weather is good , Mount Rainier and the Olympic Mountains . It is roughly bounded on the west by Interstate 5 , on the north by Interstate 90 , on the east by Rainier Avenue South , Cheasty Boulevard South , and Martin Luther King Junior Way South , and on the south by the Seattle city boundary . It is part of Seattle 's South End . Homes on the northern part of the hill were mostly built in the early 1900s ; thus , North Beacon Hill contains many excellent examples of Craftsman bungalows and Seattle box houses , a local variant of the Foursquare style . The American Planning Association ( APA ) , an organization of `` planners , citizens and elected officials - committed to making great communities happen '' , named Beacon Hill as one of the 30 Great Places in America . The features of Beacon Hill that constitute an APA Great Place include urban design and aesthetics , multi-modal transportation , a variety of uses within the neighborhood , sustainability , community participation and involvement , and memorable character . Beacon Hill was also recognized for having the largest Olmsted-planned green space in Seattle , known as Jefferson Park . The neighborhood is highly treasured by its businesses and residents , and the neighborhood is highly involved in local planning affairs such as open space , public safety , and transportation . The Beacon Hill neighborhood prides itself on many fine foods and restaurants , a highly rated hair salon , the best live music venue , and a place for kids activities , all voted for as some of the `` Best of 2012 '' by Seattle Magazine ( online version not currently available ) . The City of Seattle , in partnership with Beacon BIKES , created the Beacon Hill Family Bicycle and Pedestrian Circulation Plan , a ten-year plan to increase pedestrian bicycle networks serving highly used greenways , intersections , and cycle tracts within the neighborhood as a measure to increase safety for all users . The plan was awarded the 2012 VISION 2040 Award from the Puget Sound Regional Council . Beacon Hill is home to the `` Beacon Rocks ! '' performance series , beginning its 5th season in 2014 on the last Sunday of June , July and August . This event featuring a variety of types of performances is held on the Roberto Maestas Festival Street and produced by Beacon Hill 's neighborhood community arts group `` ROCKiT Community Arts '' . Beacon Hill has recently become known for their Food Forest , a new project that has created neighborhood urban farming west of Jefferson Park . The Beacon Food Forest has gained national attention in the news , receiving recognition from the Associated Press , CBS , Gawker , and HLN , to name a few . A 2012 article in Seattle Weekly stated that Beacon Hill was soon to `` boast the biggest public food forest in the country '' with seven lush acres containing a community park and an edible landscape , including such plantings as walnuts , chestnuts , berry shrubs and vegetables . The idea started with a community-led group that secured $ 22,000 in Neighborhood Matching Funds from the Department of Neighborhoods .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a252bd05f8a8c2ba00dfdbefe5e99ffb", "text": "10 Minute Warning 10 Minute Warning ( also known as Ten Minute Warning ) was a hardcore punk band from Seattle , Washington . They became famous locally as one of the first bands to adapt the popular punk sound to something slower and heavier , paving the way for grunge bands like Green River and Mother Love Bone before breaking up in 1984 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5fcd8adfad5b26687426a3453a6f8039", "text": "Characteristics of progressive rock Progressive rock is a term that refers to a musical style . The term was originally referred to as `` classical rock '' ( in which a band performed together with an orchestra ) , but the term 's use has expanded in recent years to include other fusions of music styles including jazz fusion , metal and folk rock musics . The term does not refer to one particular music style but to an approach that combines elements of diverse styles . Jerry Ewing , editor of Prog Magazine , explains that `` Prog is not just a sound , it 's a mindset . '' Dream Theater guitarist John Petrucci outlines that Progressive rock is defined by its very lack of stylistic boundaries . The advent of the concept album , plus the genre 's roots in psychedelia , led albums and performances to be viewed as combined presentations of music , lyrics , and visuals . Bands abandoned the short pop single in favor of instrumentation and compositional techniques more frequently associated with jazz or classical music as part of an effort to give rock music the same level of musical sophistication and critical respect . Progressive rock abandons the danceable beat that defines earlier rock styles and is more likely than other types of popular music to experiment with compositional structure , instrumentation , harmony and rhythm , or lyrical content . It may demand more effort on the part of the listener than other types of music . Musicians in progressive rock typically display a high degree of instrumental skill , although this is not always the case . Virtuoso instrumental skills are so closely associated with progressive rock that authors such as Bill Martin consider it as a defining element and exclude bands such as Pink Floyd from consideration . It is not uncommon for musicians to have received a higher-than-average level of formal training . Players from the genre frequently appear in readers ' polls of publications that cater to musicians .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a92821929c3e75308c671455ad220f11", "text": "Seattle Storm (soccer) Football Club Seattle Storm , also known as the F.C. Seattle Storm , was an American soccer team based in Seattle , Washington . F.C. Seattle was a `` super club '' created to provide Seattle players an opportunity to play at a higher level than the local recreational and semi-pro leagues . In addition to playing exhibition matches against top international teams , F.C. Seattle was a member of the short lived Western Soccer Alliance , was a founding member of the American Professional Soccer League and later spent three seasons in the Pacific Coast Soccer League .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c03c72f7afc2bb71852360a40637acf1", "text": "Music Works Northwest Music Works Northwest is the non-profit community music school located in Bellevue , Washington , USA . Music Works Northwest is one of the largest non-profit community music schools in the Pacific Northwest . It is a member of the Washington Music Educators Association , the Eastside Arts Coalition , and the Bellevue Arts Commission . The school also has partnerships with Northwest Pianos , 4Culture of King County , United Way of King County , the Bellevue Youth Symphony Orchestra , and the Boys & Girls Clubs of King County .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5ace5d5fbfa2f732048da63e61605233", "text": "Lake Union Lake Union is a freshwater lake entirely within the Seattle , Washington city limits and a major portion of the Lake Washington Ship Canal . Its easternmost point is the Ship Canal Bridge , which carries Interstate 5 over the eastern arm of the lake and separates Lake Union from Portage Bay . Lake Union is the namesake of the neighborhoods located on its east and west shores : Eastlake and Westlake , respectively . The northern shore of the lake is home to Gas Works Park . Notable features of the southern portion of the lake -- collectively known as the South Lake Union district -- include Lake Union Park , Museum of History & Industry ( MOHAI ) , and the Center for Wooden Boats . The George Washington Memorial `` Aurora '' Bridge carries State Route 99 over the western arm of Lake Union . The Aurora Bridge is so named because it carries Aurora Ave N down the western side of the lake . Lake Union 's westernmost point can be considered the Fremont Cut , which is located just east of the Aurora Bridge and is spanned by the Fremont Bridge . The Fremont Bridge carries Fremont Ave N between the neighborhoods of Fremont and Queen Anne and separates Lake Union from the rest of the Lake Washington Ship Canal to the west .", "title": "" } ]
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df43edf878ba3968328737839ed581e4
Adam Sandler works in film production at Happy Madison Productions.
[ { "docid": "31649aaee8bb740c0e844889478e506f", "text": "Happy Madison Productions Happy Madison Productions is an American film and television production company founded in 1996 by Adam Sandler which is best known for its comedy films . Happy Madison takes its name from the films Happy Gilmore and Billy Madison , two box office successes starring Sandler himself , both produced by Robert Simonds . The elderly man depicted in the logo is Sandler 's late father , Stanley . In addition to various Sandler-produced films , the company has also released films produced by others , such as Steven Brill ( Little Nicky , Mr. Deeds ) , Dennis Dugan ( The Benchwarmers , I Now Pronounce You Chuck and Larry , You Do n't Mess with the Zohan , Grown Ups , Grown Ups 2 ) , Frank Coraci ( Click , Zookeeper , Blended ) , Fred Wolf ( Strange Wilderness , The House Bunny ) , Tom Brady ( The Animal , The Hot Chick , Bucky Larson : Born to Be a Star ) , Peter Segal ( Anger Management , 50 First Dates , The Longest Yard ) , and Nicholaus Goossen ( A Day with the Meatball , Grandma 's Boy , The Shortcut ) . The 1998 films The Waterboy and The Wedding Singer helped jump start Sandler 's movie career and production company . He produced The Waterboy and co-wrote the script with Tim Herlihy . The film was extremely profitable , earning over $ 160 million in the United States alone and made Sandler a successful actor with The Waterboy becoming his second $ 100 million film in a year , along with The Wedding Singer . The company 's production office is located in the Judy Garland Building on the Sony Pictures Studios lot in Culver City , California while its corporate and parent company offices ( Happy Madison , Inc. ) are located in Manchester , New Hampshire run by Adam 's brother Scott . The company used to have a subsidiary , Madison 23 Productions , which was aimed towards the drama genre . The only production under Madison 23 was Reign Over Me , starring Adam Sandler and Don Cheadle . This studio company on the trailer of Funny People and the poster and trailer for Reign Over Me is also known as `` Mr. Madison Productions '' . However , after the financial failure of Reign Over Me , the `` Madison 23 '' label was shut down . Happy Madison 's most recent releases are The Ridiculous 6 and The Do Over .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2166223171bf28b7145ca7d78ce5766e", "text": "Adam Sandler Adam Richard Sandler ( born September 9 , 1966 ) is an American actor , comedian , screenwriter , film producer , and musician . After becoming a Saturday Night Live cast member , Sandler went on to star in many Hollywood feature films that combined have grossed over $ 2 billion at the box office . He is best known for his comedic roles , such as in the films Billy Madison ( 1995 ) , the sports comedies Happy Gilmore ( 1996 ) and The Waterboy ( 1998 ) , the romantic comedy The Wedding Singer ( 1998 ) , Big Daddy ( 1999 ) , and Mr. Deeds ( 2002 ) , and voicing Dracula in Hotel Transylvania ( 2012 ) and Hotel Transylvania 2 ( 2015 ) . Several of his movies , most notably the widely panned Jack and Jill , have gained harsh criticism , culminating in a shared second place in the number of Raspberry Awards ( 3 ) and Raspberry Award Nominations ( 11 ) , in both cases second only to Sylvester Stallone . He has ventured into more dramatic territory with his roles in Punch-Drunk Love ( 2002 ) , Spanglish ( 2004 ) , Reign Over Me ( 2007 ) , Funny People ( 2009 ) and The Meyerowitz Stories ( 2017 ) . Sandler has released five comedy albums in his career . They 're All Gon na Laugh at You ! ( 1993 ) and What the Hell Happened to Me ? ( 1996 ) are both certified double-platinum . In 1999 , Sandler founded Happy Madison Productions .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "73f35a1bb7cfa8a1d18f4dbbe6733bef", "text": "Hollywood & Wine Hollywood & Wine is a 2010 American comedy film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a4e302af1a29cea5dba733c706e90c47", "text": "Eve Sandler Eve Sandler is an American painter , filmmaker and multi-media artist in the style of Abstract Expressionism . Sandler , born in Harlem , is the daughter of Harlem-based painter Alvin Sandler and sister of filmmaker Kathe Sandler . Sandler 's multimedia installation `` Mami Wata Crossing '' was part of the 2008 exhibition , `` Mami Wata : Arts for Water Spirits in Africa and Its Diasporas '' at the Fowler Museum . The work examined connections between the pan-African water goddess Mami Wata , genealogy and the middle passage . Sandler was a part of the Black Women Artists group , along with Carole Byard , Nanette Carter and Howardena Pindell . Sandler was a 1990-1991 resident at the Studio Museum in Harlem . Her work has been exhibited in institutions such as The Bronx Museum of the Arts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8c108567a59ed3744f309329c58299a4", "text": "The Waterboy The Waterboy is a 1998 American sports comedy film directed by Frank Coraci ( who played Robert ` Roberto ' Boucher , Sr. ) , starring Adam Sandler , Kathy Bates , Fairuza Balk , Henry Winkler , Jerry Reed ( his last film role before his death in 2008 ) , Larry Gilliard , Jr. , Blake Clark , Peter Dante and Jonathan Loughran , and produced by Robert Simonds and Jack Giarraputo . Lynn Swann , Lawrence Taylor , Jimmy Johnson , Bill Cowher , Paul `` The Big Show '' Wight and Rob Schneider have cameo appearances . The movie was extremely profitable , earning $ 161.5 million in North America alone . This was Sandler 's second film to eclipse $ 120 million worldwide in 1998 along with The Wedding Singer . Adam Sandler 's character , Bobby Boucher ( pronounced -LSB- buː ' ʃeɪ -RSB- ) , bears a strong resemblance to his `` The Excited Southerner '' comedic skits from his album What the Hell Happened to Me ? The portrayal is one of a stereotypical Cajun from the bayous of South Louisiana , not the typical stereotype of a Southerner . He also shares similarities in speech and mannerism to Canteen Boy , a recurring character , also portrayed by Sandler , on Saturday Night Live . Like Bobby , Canteen Boy was a soft-spoken manchild who preferred `` purified water , right out of the old canteen , '' which he always carried with him .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a555543bd4385eb8516cdf76fa407514", "text": "Miramax Miramax ( also known as Miramax Films , stylized as MIRAMAX ) is an American entertainment company known for producing and distributing films and television shows . It is headquartered in Santa Monica , California . Miramax was founded in 1979 by Bob and Harvey Weinstein , and was a leading independent film motion picture distribution and production company before it was acquired by the Walt Disney Company on June 30 , 1993 . Shortly thereafter , Pulp Fiction was released . The Weinsteins operated Miramax with more creative and financial independence than any other division of Disney , until September 30 , 2005 when they decided to leave the company and founded The Weinstein Company . Miramax was sold by Disney to Filmyard Holdings , a joint venture of Colony Capital , Tutor-Saliba Corporation , and Qatar Investment Authority , in 2010 , ending Disney 's 17-year ownership of the studio . In 2016 , ownership was transferred to beIN Media Group .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3631d09271008796d65f4024c57331d5", "text": "About Adam About Adam is a 2000 romantic comedy film written and directed by Gerard Stembridge . The screenplay focuses on the effect a seductive young man has on four siblings .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d148db2d225c54b42d116bfebecdf2f3", "text": "Sandler Foundation Sandler Foundation is a charitable foundation formed in 1991 with support from Herbert Sandler and Marion Sandler . In 2006 , the Sandlers made a contribution of $ 1.3 billion to the foundation , which was the second largest American charitable contribution of 2006 . Sandler Foundation is a spend-down foundation as the Sandlers have signed The Giving Pledge . The Sandlers founded ProPublica .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a913a508bcb016d99cd6c7e4975a6a1", "text": "Major film studio A major film studio is a production and film distributor that releases a substantial number of films annually and consistently commands a significant share of box office revenue in a given market . In the North American , Western , and global markets , the major film studios , often simply known as the majors , are commonly regarded as the six diversified media conglomerates whose various film production and distribution subsidiaries collectively command approximately 80 to 85 percent of U.S. and Canadian box office revenue . The term may also be applied more specifically to the primary motion picture business subsidiary of each respective conglomerate . The `` Big Six '' majors , whose operations are based in or around the Los Angeles neighborhood of Hollywood , are all centered in film studios active during Hollywood 's Golden Age of the 1930s and 1940s . In three cases -- 20th Century Fox , Warner Bros. , and Paramount -- the studios were one of the `` Big Five '' majors during that era as well . In two cases -- Columbia and Universal -- the studios were also considered majors , but in the next tier down , part of the `` Little Three '' . In the sixth case , Walt Disney Studios was an independent production company during the Golden Age ; it was an important Hollywood entity , but not a major . Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , United Artists , and RKO were majors . Today , Disney is the only member of the Big Six whose parent entity is still located near Los Angeles ( actually , on Disney 's studio lot and in the same building ) . The five others report to conglomerates headquartered in New York City , Philadelphia , and Tokyo . Of the Big Six , Paramount is the only one still based in Hollywood , and Paramount and Fox are the only ones still located within the Los Angeles city limits , while Disney and Warner Bros. are located in Burbank , Columbia in Culver City , and Universal in the unincorporated area of Universal City . Most of today 's Big Six control subsidiaries with their own distribution networks that concentrate on arthouse pictures ( e.g. Fox Searchlight Pictures ) or genre films ( e.g. Sony 's Screen Gems ) ; several of these specialty units were shut down or sold off between 2008 and 2010 . The six major studios are contrasted with smaller production and/or distribution companies , which are known as independents or `` indies '' . The leading independent producer/distributors -- Lionsgate Films , The Weinstein Company , and former major studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer -- are sometimes referred to as `` mini-majors '' . From 1998 through 2005 , DreamWorks SKG commanded a large enough market share to arguably qualify it as a seventh major , despite its relatively small output . In 2006 , DreamWorks was acquired by Viacom , Paramount 's corporate parent . In late 2008 , DreamWorks once again became an independent production company ; its films were distributed by Disney 's Touchstone Pictures until 2016 , at which point distribution switched to Universal . The Big Six major studios are today primarily backers and distributors of films whose actual production is largely handled by independent companies -- either long-running entities or ones created for and dedicated to the making of a specific film . The specialty divisions often simply acquire distribution rights to pictures in which the studio has had no prior involvement . While the majors still do a modicum of true production , their activities are focused more in the areas of development , financing , marketing , and merchandising . Those business functions are still usually performed in or near Los Angeles , even though the runaway production phenomenon means that most films are now mostly or completely shot on location at places outside Los Angeles . Since the dawn of filmmaking , the U.S. major film studios have dominated both American cinema and the global film industry . U.S. studios have benefited from a strong first-mover advantage in that they were the first to industrialize filmmaking and master the art of mass-producing and distributing high-quality films with broad cross-cultural appeal . Today , the Big Six majors routinely distribute hundreds of films every year into all significant international markets ( that is , where discretionary income is high enough for consumers to afford to watch films ) . It is very rare , if not impossible , for a film to reach a broad international audience on multiple continents and in multiple languages without first being picked up by one of the majors for distribution .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7dbfde96a4e83cb698c922b3da4d1687", "text": "Adam and Evil (2004 film) Adam and Evil is a 2004 horror film directed by Andrew Van Slee about a group of teens who face a murderer while partying at a camping site . It stars Erica Cerra , James Clayton , and Jodie Graham . Filming began on April 30 , 2003 in Los Angeles and it was released on April 27 , 2004 . The film was released on DVD as Halloween Camp 2 : Scream If You Wan na Die Faster in the United Kingdom . Although there is no plot continuity , the UK name implies a sequel to the 2003 Bloody Murder 2 : Closing Camp , released as Halloween Camp in the UK . This in turn is a sequel to the 2000 slasher movie Bloody Murder .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8241fbd3cc212cfb7af3c4445b70cada", "text": "Original Film Original Film is an American film production company founded by Neal H. Moritz .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc240561f30d636cd333e045d84af385", "text": "Anthony Meindl Anthony Paul Meindl ( born January 14 , 1968 ) is an American screenwriter , stage and film actor , and founder and artistic director at the MetaTheatre Company and Anthony Meindl 's Actor Workshop in Los Angeles . The workshop has since expanded to locations in New York City , London , Sydney , Melbourne , and Vancouver . In the 1990s , Meindl played a character who was a genie named `` Hard Hat Harry '' in a number of video cassettes and DVDs aimed at introducing children to trucks , cars , construction vehicles , and others ( usually using the name `` Anthony Paul '' ) . He worked and lived in New York in the early 1990s and moved to Los Angeles in 1997 . He has been in many commercials for products and companies including Diet Coke , Philips Electronics , Bank of America , Nissan , Michelob Lite , Sears , Acura , Del Taco , Mervyns , and Behr Paint . He has also appeared in non-Broadway stage productions of Titus Andronicus , Merrily We Roll Along , and the LA Weekly Award-nominated Cabaret . He is openly gay . His film credits are almost exclusively gay-related , including the 1997 gay-themed drama David Searching , the 1998 gay-themed drama Minor Details , and the 2000 gay-themed comedy/drama Get Your Stuff . His latest film role was in the 2005 mystery comedy Death of a Saleswoman . He also appeared in a 1998 episode of Will & Grace . He has coached and worked with Shailene Woodley , Ashley Greene , Agnes Bruckner , Nick Robinson , Chace Crawford , Cory Monteith , Dania Ramirez , Sasha Alexander , Chris Owen , Stevie Lynn Jones , Dree Hemingway , Michael Lomenda , JC Chasez , China Chow , Brock Kelly , Judith Hill , Samantha Mumba , Rocco DiSpirito , Olivia Holt , Ian Harding , Alexandra Daddario , Edy Ganem , Trevor Donovan , Daniel Cudmore , Charlie Bewley , Ashton Holmes , Larissa Oleynik , Lorenza Izzo , Carmen Electra , Allison Miller , Jenna Dewan-Tatum , Lucy Fry , Josh Zuckerman , Sadie Calvano , Taryn Southern , Ryan Rottman , Chaz Bono , Jill Wagner , Joe Slaughter , Mark Hapka , Matt Dallas , Brad Rowe , and Quddus Phillippe . Meindl 's first feature screenplay , The Wonder Girls , was the Grand Prize Winning Feature Screenplay in the Slamdance Film Festival Screenplay Competition in 2007 . He was nominated as Best Director for the LA Weekly Awards two years in a row for Best Comedy ( Swimming In The Shallows ) and Best Drama ( Dogs Barking ) . The casts for both shows ( members of MetaTheatre Company , his acting studio ) were also nominated as Best Ensemble in a Comedy and Best Ensemble in a Drama . His first short , `` Ready ? OK ! '' , played in over a dozen International Film Festivals , winning numerous `` Best of '' Awards and premiered on MTV 's LOGO Network in 2009 as part of their `` Click List : Best In Short Film Series . '' It won the 2008 Planet Out Scion Viewer 's Choice Short Film Awards . Meindl 's first feature film , Birds of A Feather ( 2011 ) won him Best Director awards at the 2012 Downtown LA Film Festival and the 2013 Golden Door Film Festival and the Spirit of the Festival Award at the 2012 Honolulu Rainbow Film Festival . The film features Academy Award winner , Olympia Dukakis , Bruce Vilanch and Trevor Donovan . He is a regular contributor to The Huffington Post , The Daily Love , and Backstage .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "261f359fcfd2ef5796d55fb14d7f9e0a", "text": "Adam Davenport Adam Davenport ( born May 27 , 1984 ) is an American film director , screenwriter , stage actor and music producer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "69e7f759f554cb83b3269824d0220411", "text": "Candescent Films Candescent Films is an American film production company that produces and finances documentary and narrative films that explore social issues .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e24faf8a9c7e70dd05cb3927a7fccb3", "text": "Morgan Creek Productions Morgan Creek Productions is an American film studio that has released box-office hits including Young Guns , Dead Ringers , Major League , True Romance , Ace Ventura : Pet Detective , The Crush , Robin Hood : Prince of Thieves and The Last of the Mochicans . The studio was co-founded in 1988 by James Robinson and Joe Roth . Robinson leads the company as chairman and CEO . He has two sons Brian Robinson and David C. Robinson who run the day to day operations . In October 2014 , Morgan Creek sold the international distribution rights and copyrights to their films to Revolution Studios . In September 2015 , Morgan Creek began negotiating the sale of rights for the remaining territories , though they will retain remake and TV rights to the Ace Ventura , Major League , Young Guns , and Exorcist franchises . Miramax is currently the digital and television distributor for the pre-2012 Morgan Creek library , via Revolution Studios . The domestic rights to the Morgan Creek library ( with the exception of Young Guns , which still stand with Lionsgate/Vestron Video ) , have since been purchased by Westchester Films/Shout ! Factory .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3c95d6b6f0e5fc404bce953042aa238", "text": "Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film . The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0cf8aa5355671324a9be61dd7b2929ac", "text": "Flaming Pie Films Flaming Pie Films is a film production company owned and run by film director Peter Howitt . Flaming Pie Films has offices in London ( Flaming Pie Films London ) and Vancouver ( Flaming Pie Films , Inc. ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "84b006dcbe140c1f78c368b4543092d3", "text": "Adam Marcus (director) Adam Marcus ( born 1968 ) is an American film director , writer and actor . Marcus was born in Westport , Connecticut and attended Staples High School . He started his career at the age of fifteen , when he co-created the Westport Theatreworks Theatrical Company where he directed and produced over fifty shows in seven years . He then attended New York University where he won the coveted Best Picture Award at the Student Academy Awards in 1990 for his film , '' ... so you like this girl '' . In 1991 , Marcus was called out to Los Angeles by filmmaker Sean S. Cunningham ( the director of the original Friday the 13th ) to work on producing and directing features . That same year , he co-produced Johnny Zombie ( retitled My Boyfriend 's Back ) for Cunningham and Disney Studios . In 1993 , Marcus wrote the story for and directed the ninth film in the Friday the 13th series , Jason Goes to Hell : The Final Friday for New Line . He was 23 at the time and the youngest director ever hired by the studio . The three million dollar feature went on to gross over eighteen million domestically and became one of New Line Video 's largest releases ever . Marcus and his writing partner Debra Sullivan then turned their attention to screenwriting for Paramount ( the adaptation of James Patterson 's Virgin , later titled Cradle and All ) and Fox ( the original Black Autumn ) . In 1995 , Marcus created the theater company Damn Skippy Theatreworks in L.A. . In the Summer and Fall of 1998 Marcus directed the independently financed feature film comedy , Let It Snow ( aka Snow Days ) . The picture marked the return of Bernadette Peters in a feature film after an eight-year absence from film work . The film screened at the Independent Feature Film Market ( IFFM ) in New York City where it was singled out as the most successful film at the market by Variety , Time Out IndieWire . Let It Snow had its world premiere at the American Film Institute 's Los Angeles International Film Festival ( AFI 's LAIFF ) in competition in the New Visions Category ; the film won awards at the festival for Best New Writer and Best Editing . The film then went on to be an official selection of Sundance 2000 in the American Spectrum section where it was given two extra screenings and sold out all seven of its showings . Then came the New York/Avignon film festival and the Deauville festival in France , where the film received critical acclaim . Let It Snow received positive reviews from Variety , The Hollywood Reporter , Ai n't It Cool News , The New York Times , and The Gore Score as well as a number of other publications worldwide . Marcus then turned to television , where he sold several series to Bright/Kauffman/Crane Productions , Imagine Television , NBC , Fox and The WB . In 2008 , Marcus directed the feature film Conspiracy for Sony Pictures , which he co-wrote with Debra Sullivan . The film was shot in Santa Fe , New Mexico with Val Kilmer , Jennifer Esposito and Gary Cole . Marcus completed the pilot presentation Fitz and Slade and is currently co-writing , directing and serving as executive producer on the web series Connected . In 2013 Marcus co-wrote the reboot of The Texas Chainsaw Massacre series , Texas Chainsaw 3D with partner Sullivan and Stephen Susco , which was the first number-one box office film in North America of the year . He co-wrote with Sullivan the feature film Cabin Fever : Outbreak and is directing and co-writing The Plantation , an adaptation of Val Lewton 's RKO classic I Walked with a Zombie . Adam 's script for Momentum ( aka Gravity ) , co-written by Sullivan , began production in South Africa starting January 2014 . The film was the directorial debut of Stephen Campanelli and stars Morgan Freeman , James Purefoy and Olga Kurylenko . The film premiered at the Fantasia International Film Festival in 2015 . Marcus is the brother of Young Artist Award-nominated actor Kipp Marcus . Marcus attended NYU 's Tisch School of the Arts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a7512ebb030fc56583a0f553f03dd4c4", "text": "Enchanted (film) Enchanted is a 2007 American live-action/animated musical fantasy romantic comedy film , produced by Walt Disney Pictures with New York Academy Barry Sonnenfeld and Josephson Entertainment . Written by Bill Kelly and directed by Kevin Lima , the film stars Amy Adams , Patrick Dempsey , James Marsden , Timothy Spall , Idina Menzel , Rachel Covey , and Susan Sarandon . The plot focuses on Giselle , an archetypal Disney Princess , who is forced from her traditional animated world of Andalasia into the live-action world of New York City . Enchanted was the first Disney film to be distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures , instead of Buena Vista Pictures Distribution . The film is both a homage to , and a self-parody of , Disney 's animated features , making numerous references to Disney 's past works through the combination of live-action filmmaking , traditional animation , and computer-generated imagery . It marks the return of traditional animation to a Disney feature film after the company 's decision to move entirely to computer animation in 2004 . Composer Alan Menken and lyricist Stephen Schwartz , who had written songs for previous Disney films , produced the songs of Enchanted , with Menken also composing its score . The animation sequences were produced at James Baxter Animation in Pasadena . Filming of the live action segments took place around New York City . It premiered on October 20 , 2007 , at the London Film Festival before its wide release on November 21 , 2007 , in the United States . Enchanted was well-received critically , established Adams as a leading lady , and earned more than $ 340 million worldwide at the box office . It won three Saturn Awards , including Best Fantasy Film and Best Actress for Adams . Enchanted also received two nominations at the 65th Golden Globe Awards and three Best Original Song nominations at the 80th Academy Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3bffdcce598d4ad0d88319728382787f", "text": "Bucky Larson: Born to Be a Star Bucky Larson : Born to Be a Star is a 2011 American comedy film produced by Happy Madison Productions and distributed by Columbia Pictures . Adam Sandler , Allen Covert , and Nick Swardson ( as the film 's lead actor ) co-wrote the script and Tom Brady directed . It was released on September 9 , 2011 . It was a disastrous box office bomb and was overwhelmingly panned by film critics , earning a 0 % approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes . It was nominated for six Razzies , including the Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Picture , but lost to the film Jack and Jill , another film from Happy Madison Productions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d6708d4a31a4f0990aea2e37bb76e30e", "text": "The Shortcut The Shortcut is a 2009 American horror film directed by Nicholaus Goossen . The film stars Andrew Seeley , Shannon Woodward , Dave Franco and Katrina Bowden . Adam Sandler 's production company , Happy Madison Productions ( under the name Scary Madison Productions ) made it and Sandler served as an executive producer . The film was released direct-to-DVD on September 29 , 2009 in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "11bdc4acb2c4303adf7c25e136bd4861", "text": "Robert Smigel Robert Smigel ( born February 7 , 1960 ) is an American actor , humorist , comedian and writer known for his Saturday Night Live `` TV Funhouse '' cartoon shorts and as the puppeteer and voice behind Triumph , the Insult Comic Dog . He also co-wrote both Hotel Transylvania films and You Do n't Mess with the Zohan , all starring Adam Sandler .", "title": "" } ]
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8e82830319e09214ed8c877a83edd0df
Karl Urban played Eomer in Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings trilogy.
[ { "docid": "284a04730befdb7c9ae9034b28005060", "text": "Karl Urban Karl-Heinz Urban ( born 7 June 1972 ) is a New Zealand actor . He is best known for playing Julius Caesar and Cupid in Xena : Warrior Princess and Hercules : The Legendary Journeys , Éomer in the second and third installments of Peter Jackson 's The Lord of the Rings trilogy , Vaako in second and third installments of the Riddick film series , Dr. Leonard `` Bones '' McCoy in Star Trek , Star Trek Into Darkness and Star Trek Beyond , and Judge Dredd in Dredd . He won acclaim for his performances in New Zealand films The Price of Milk and Out of the Blue . He also played the main character John Kennex in the short-lived television series Almost Human . He will play Skurge in the Marvel Studios film Thor : Ragnarok set for a November 3 , 2017 release .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "50a460dd4b191c74503b0eae967cc6a7", "text": "Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (film) Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix is a 2007 British-American fantasy film directed by David Yates and distributed by Warner Bros. . Pictures . It is based on the novel of the same name by J. K. Rowling . The film , which is the fifth instalment in the Harry Potter film series , was written by Michael Goldenberg ( making this the only film in the series not to be scripted by Steve Kloves ) and produced by David Heyman and David Barron . The story follows Harry Potter 's fifth year at Hogwarts as the Ministry of Magic is in denial of Lord Voldemort 's return . The film stars Daniel Radcliffe as Harry Potter , alongside Rupert Grint and Emma Watson as Harry 's best friends Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger . It is the sequel to Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire and is followed by Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince . Live-action filming took place in England and Scotland for exterior locations and Leavesden Film Studios in Watford for interior locations from February to November 2006 , with a one-month break in June . Post-production on the film continued for several months afterwards to add in visual effects . The film 's budget was reportedly between # 75 and 100 million ( $ 150 -- 200 million ) . Warner Bros. released the film in the United Kingdom on 12 July 2007 and in North America on 11 July , both in conventional and IMAX theatres ; it is the first Potter film to be released in IMAX 3D . As of April 2017 , Order of the Phoenix is the 39th-highest-grossing film of all time , and a critical and commercial success . The film opened to a worldwide 5-day opening of $ 333 million , fourteenth all-time , and grossed nearly $ 940 million total , second to Pirates of the Caribbean : At World 's End for the greatest total of 2007 . The film was nominated for two BAFTA Film Awards in 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5775daeffe1a14fc00be09483cbeadbd", "text": "Roger Allam Roger William Allam ( born 26 October 1953 ) is an English actor , known primarily for his stage career , although he has performed in film , television and radio . He has played Inspector Javert in the original London production of the stage musical Les Misérables , Douglas Richardson in the award-winning radio series Cabin Pressure , and DI Fred Thursday in the TV series Endeavour . He is also known for his roles as Illyrio Mopatis in the HBO series Game of Thrones and as Peter Mannion MP in The Thick Of It .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "304a1ed825494609cecff337caebf465", "text": "Karl E. Landler Karl E. Landler is a French actor , filmmaker who stars in French and American TV shows and films . He joined the international cast of the Sci-Fi TV series Métal Hurlant Chronicles . He is the face of numerous worldwide campaigns such as Shiseido by Jean Paul Goude and Red Steel 2 for Ubisoft . Karl is also a FreeRunner Parkour and stuntman who worked many times with Luc Besson .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a66ec24cc64cef405fdc01221be927bb", "text": "Forlong the Fat Forlong the Fat is a fictional character in the Middle-earth universe created by J. R. R. Tolkien . He is a supporting character in The Lord of the Rings , appearing in the third volume , The Return of the King . However , he was cut from the 2003 film adaptation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "348fa6460571b0bb95b54f07e4b1365b", "text": "Lost Empires Lost Empires is a 1986 television adaptation of J. B. Priestley 's novel of the same name , and starred Colin Firth , John Castle and Laurence Olivier . Produced by Granada Television , it was shown as a serial , and premiered on the UK 's ITV network in October and November 1986 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "727345278309a73012f2a75ba6c093c6", "text": "Highlander (film) Highlander is a 1986 British-American adventure action fantasy film directed by Russell Mulcahy and based on a story by Gregory Widen . It stars Christopher Lambert , Sean Connery , Clancy Brown , and Roxanne Hart . The film narrates the climax of an ages-old battle between immortal warriors , depicted through interwoven past and present-day storylines . Christopher Lambert plays swordsman Connor MacLeod from Scottish Highlands , known as the Highlander , one of a number of immortal warriors , who can only be killed by decapitation . After initial training by another highly skilled immortal swordsman , Ramirez ( Sean Connery ) , MacLeod lives on for several centuries , eventually settling in New York City , managing an antiques shop . In 1985 , he falls in love with a policewoman named Brenda and finds out that he must face his biggest enemy , Clancy Brown 's Kurgan , who wishes to kill MacLeod and to obtain `` the Prize '' -- a special ability which is given to the last living immortal warrior , vast knowledge and the ability to enslave the entire human race . Highlander enjoyed little success on its initial theatrical release , grossing over $ 12 million worldwide against a production budget of $ 19 million , and received mixed reviews . Nevertheless , it became a cult film and launched Lambert to stardom . The film inspired a franchise which included film sequels and television spin-offs . Its tagline , `` There can be only one '' , has carried on throughout the franchise , as have the songs provided for the film by the rock band Queen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "13e7af338ce948e83f3e0645ef6e2327", "text": "Antony Sher Sir Antony Sher , KBE ( born 14 June 1949 ) is an English actor of South African origin , a two-time Laurence Olivier Award winner and four-time nominee . He joined the Royal Shakespeare Company in 1982 and toured in many roles , as well as appearing on film and TV , and working as a writer and theatre director . In 2001 , he starred in his cousin Ronald Harwood 's play Mahler 's Conversion , and said that the story of a composer sacrificing his faith for his career echoed his own identity struggles . Sher and his partner and collaborator Gregory Doran became one of the first gay couples to enter into a civil partnership in the UK .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a9a3059cdf84a29f06852b8524f0dd68", "text": "House of Telcontar In the fictional universe of J. R. R. Tolkien , the House of Telcontar , previously the House of Elendil , is the Royal House of the Reunited Kingdom of Arnor and Gondor . The House was founded by Aragorn II during the War of the Ring , who was the last surviving Heir of Elendil , and took the throne under the name Elessar . The name of the House finds its origin in Quenya , one of the Elvish languages . During the War of the Ring , Peregrin Took , a companion of Aragorn 's in The Fellowship of the Ring , became a member of the elite Citadel Guard at Minas Tirith , capital of Gondor . When Lord Aragorn entered the city , Peregrin persisted in familiarly referring to Aragorn by the nickname he had garnered as a Ranger of the North : `` Strider '' , even in front of foreign dignitaries such as King Éomer of Rohan . Aragorn was amused , and decided that the name of the lineage he founded would be `` Telcontar '' , which translates as `` Strider '' in Quenya . Members of the House of Telcontar are referred to as the `` Telcóntari '' ( Striders ) , the plural of Telcontar in Quenya . Aragorn then took the royal name `` Elessar '' ( translated as Elfstone in Quenya ) . With Queen Arwen , King Elessar reigned for 120 years , before finally surrendering his life . This long reign is attributed to Elessar 's descent from the Men of Númenor , who are blessed with long life ( he was 88 when he took the throne ) . He rebuilt the old capital Annúminas in Arnor and later ruled from this northern capital , although the old capital Minas Tirith was still of great political importance . Elessar had one known son , Eldarion , and an unspecified number of daughters . King Elessar was buried with great honour in Minas Tirith . King Eldarion ( his name meaning `` from the Elves '' in reference to his mother Arwen ) was `` full ripe for kingship '' at the time , and ruled for an unspecified amount of time well into the Fourth Age of Men . Little is known of Eldarion , save that he left heirs to continue the House of Telcontar after him .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d68ee0fb7bcc4e98b1911645416be97c", "text": "The History of The Lord of the Rings The History of The Lord of the Rings is a 4-volume work by Christopher Tolkien that documents the process of J. R. R. Tolkien 's writing of The Lord of the Rings . The History is also numbered as volumes 6 to 9 of The History of Middle-earth ( `` HoME '' , as below ) . Some information concerning the appendices and a soon-abandoned sequel to the novel can also be found in volume 12 , The Peoples of Middle-earth .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "70547857d976e7a5dd6bbb5d028bfe09", "text": "The Damned United The Damned United is a 2009 British biographical sports drama film directed by Tom Hooper and adapted by Peter Morgan from David Peace 's bestselling novel The Damned Utd , a largely fictional book based on the author 's interpretation of Brian Clough 's ill-fated tenure as football manager of Leeds United in 1974 . It was produced by BBC Films and Left Bank Pictures with additional funding from Screen Yorkshire and Columbia Pictures . Sony Pictures Entertainment distributed the film . The film was originally proposed by Stephen Frears but he pulled out of the project in November 2007 . Hooper took his place and film was shot from May to July 2008 . The film marks the fifth collaboration between screenwriter Peter Morgan and actor Michael Sheen who plays Clough . The film was released in the United Kingdom on 27 March 2009 and in North America on 25 September . The film grossed $ 4.1 million worldwide against a $ 10 million production budget . The film received nominations for the British Independent Film Award for Best Supporting Actor , the ALFS Award for British Supporting Actor of the Year , the Satellite Award for Best Actor in a Motion Picture , Drama and Best Actor in a Supporting Role and the Writers ' Guild of Great Britain Award for Best Feature Film Screenplay .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "70e38c247af90cc27f22849d86c77828", "text": "Geography of London London is the largest urban area and capital city of the United Kingdom , located in southeastern Great Britain . The London region covers an area of 1579 km2 , and had a population of 7,172,036 in 2001 and a population density of 4,542 people per square kilometre . A larger area , referred to as the London Metropolitan Region or the London Metropolitan Agglomeration covers an area of 8382 km2 , and had a population of 12,653,500 and a population density of 1,510 people per square kilometre . London is a port on the Thames ( see main article Port of London ) , a navigable river . The river has had a major influence on the development of the city . London began on the Thames ' north bank and for a long time the main focus of the city remained on the north side of the Thames . For many centuries London Bridge was the only bridge in or close to the city . When more bridges were built in the 18th century , the city expanded in all directions as the mostly flat or gently rolling countryside presented no obstacle to growth .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e4d597c539610a82bae3c35ececc24b9", "text": "The Two Towers The Two Towers is the second volume of J. R. R. Tolkien 's high fantasy novel The Lord of the Rings . It is preceded by The Fellowship of the Ring and followed by The Return of the King .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "355125148038058aa5f26fbe0cf03b8f", "text": "Miranda Otto Miranda Otto ( born 16 December 1967 ) is an Australian actress . The daughter of actors Barry and Lindsay Otto , and the sister of actress Gracie Otto , Brisbane-born Miranda began her acting career at age 18 in 1986 , and has appeared in a variety of independent and major studio films . Otto made her major film debut in Emma 's War , in which she played a teenager who moves to Australia 's bush country during World War II . After a decade of critically acclaimed roles in Australian films , Otto gained Hollywood 's attention during the 1990s after appearing in supporting roles in the films The Thin Red Line and What Lies Beneath . She played Éowyn in Peter Jackson 's The Lord of the Rings ( film series ) '' The Lord of the Rings The two Towers and The return of the king .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e710eacf95619fa95081e26d56a8075d", "text": "Inheritance Cycle The Inheritance Cycle is a young adult tetralogy of epic fantasy novels written by American author Christopher Paolini . Set in the fictional world of Alagaësia ( -LSB- æləˈɡeɪziə -RSB- ) , the novels focus on the adventures of a teenage boy named Eragon and his dragon , Saphira , as they struggle to overthrow the evil king Galbatorix . The series was originally intended to be a trilogy ( named the `` Inheritance Trilogy '' ) until Paolini announced on October 30 , 2007 , while working on the third novel , that he believed the story was too complex to conclude in just three books . The book series as a whole received mostly mixed to negative reviews by critics , but has gained both popularity and commercial success . The first book in the series , Eragon , was originally self-published by Paolini in 2001 , and subsequently re-published by Alfred A. Knopf Books for Young Readers on June 25 , 2003 . The second book in the series , Eldest , was published by Knopf on August 23 , 2005 . Both were New York Times bestsellers . The third book in the series , Brisingr , was published by Knopf on September 20 , 2008 . The fourth and final book in the series , Inheritance , was published by Knopf on November 8 , 2011 . The series has sold 33.5 million copies worldwide . In 2006 , a feature film was released based on the first book in the cycle , Eragon , starring Ed Speleers , Jeremy Irons , John Malkovich and Djimon Hounsou . The film received generally negative reviews and closed as the 13th highest grossing fantasy-live action film within the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c64b517a0a455fa55365c090ea100ba0", "text": "Lego The Lord of the Rings (video game) Lego The Lord of the Rings is a Lego-themed action-adventure video game developed by Traveller 's Tales , that was released on Nintendo 3DS , Nintendo DS , PlayStation Vita , Microsoft Windows , Wii , PlayStation 3 , and Xbox 360 . The OS X version of the game , published by Feral Interactive , was released on 21 February 2013 . Based on The Lord of the Rings film trilogy , the game follows the original but spoofed storylines of The Fellowship of the Ring , The Two Towers , and The Return of the King , taking players through the epic story events , `` re-imagined with the humour and endless variety of Lego play '' . The game utilises music and voice acting taken from all three films of the film trilogy . Developer Traveller 's Tales has stated they toned down the slapstick humor found in other Lego-licensed titles . The game follows the events in the films ; however , like the Lego Star Wars series , some scenes from the films have been altered to become more family friendly or just provide comic relief to the player .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7d5e90fe706887f2cd1707666c56100e", "text": "Eru Ilúvatar Eru Ilúvatar is a fictional character in J.R.R. Tolkien 's Middle-earth legendarium . He is introduced in The Silmarillion as the supreme being of the universe , creator of all existence . In Tolkien 's invented Elvish language Quenya , Eru means `` The One '' , or `` He that is Alone '' and Ilúvatar signifies `` Father of All '' . The names appear in Tolkien 's work both in isolation and paired ( Eru Ilúvatar ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "363707d675f0a005885c6618422cdada", "text": "Cate Blanchett on screen and stage Cate Blanchett is an Australian actress who has extensively appeared in film and stage . She made her stage debut in 1992 by playing Electra in the National Institute of Dramatic Art production of the same name . She followed it with performances in Timothy Daly 's Kafka Dances ( 1993 ) and the Sydney Theatre Company stage production of Oleanna ( 1993 ) opposite Geoffrey Rush . Blanchett won the Sydney Theatre Critics Award for Best Newcomer for the former and Best Actress for the latter , making her the first person to win both awards at once . She went on to perform several roles on stage , notably Susan Traherne in Plenty ( 1999 ) , Hedda Gabler in Hedda Gabler ( 2004 ) , Blanche DuBois in A Streetcar Named Desire ( 2009 ) , Yelena in Uncle Vanya ( 2011 ) and Claire in The Maids ( 2013 ) . In 1997 , Blanchett made her feature film debut in a supporting role in the World War II drama Paradise Road . The same year , she had her first leading role in Oscar and Lucinda , which earned her an AACTA Award nomination for Best Actress . Blanchett received worldwide attention for playing Queen Elizabeth I of England in the acclaimed drama Elizabeth ( 1998 ) . Her performance garnered her a Golden Globe and a BAFTA Award for Best Actress and her first Academy Award nomination for Best Actress . Elizabeth and her next film , the thriller The Talented Mr. Ripley ( 1999 ) , performed well at the box office . However , her other 1999 releasesthe widely praised An Ideal Husband and the largely panned Pushing Tinwere unsuccessful . Blanchett found greater success for portraying Galadriel in Peter Jackson 's epic fantasy trilogy The Lord of the Rings ( 2001-03 ) . During this period , she also appeared in several films which had mixed reception and performed poorly at the box office . She won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress , among other honors for portraying Katharine Hepburn in Martin Scorsese 's 2004 drama The Aviator , making her the only actor to win an Oscar for portraying another Oscar-winning actor . Her only screen appearance in 2005 was in Little Fish , for which she won the AACTA Award for Best Actress . Blanchett 's performance in the 2006 thriller Notes on a Scandal garnered her another Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress . In 2007 , she received both Best Actress and Best Supporting Actress Oscar nominations for her roles in Elizabeth : The Golden Age and I 'm Not There , becoming one of the few actors to achieve this feat . In 2008 , Blanchett appeared in Steven Spielberg 's action adventure Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull and David Fincher 's fantasy drama The Curious Case of Benjamin Button . She briefly reprised her role of Galadriel in the The Hobbit trilogy ( 2012-14 ) . For her performance as the titular socialite in Woody Allen 's 2013 drama Blue Jasmine , Blanchett won the Golden Globe , the BAFTA Award , the SAG Award and the Academy Award for Best Actress . In 2014 , she voiced Valka in the $ 620 million-grossing animated fantasy How to Train Your Dragon 2 . In 2015 , she received praise for playing Lady Tremaine in Disney 's live action film Cinderella , Mary Mapes in Truth and the titular character in Todd Haynes 's romantic drama Carol . Cinderella was a notable box office success while Carol garnered her seventh Oscar nomination . Blanchett made her Broadway debut in 2017 with The Present , receiving her first Tony Award nomination for the Best Actress in a Play .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cce007bc7bd6876b62dde384f7bb8ab7", "text": "Tolkien's legendarium Tolkien 's legendarium is the term for the entirety of J. R. R. Tolkien 's mythopoetic writing that forms the background to his The Lord of the Rings . Tolkien worked and re-worked the components of his legendarium throughout his adult life , or during a period of more than 50 years ; the earliest drafts , published in The Book of Lost Tales ( 1983 ) dating to 1916 . Colloquially , `` Middle-earth '' is popularly used as a shorthand for a `` canonical '' or mature form of Tolkien 's narrative , Middle-earth being Tolkien 's term for the inhabited part of the world in which most of his published stories were set . The mythological and cosmological background of Tolkien 's published works was sketched in the posthumously-published The Silmarillion ( 1977 ) , and in Tolkien studies as a field as it has developed since the 1980s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2e6c8ab3f7b715f4791f2a016593be4c", "text": "Marton Csokas Marton Paul Csokas ( Csókás Márton , -LSB- ˈt͡ʃoːkaːʃ ˈmaːrton -RSB- ; born 30 June 1966 ) is a New Zealand actor of Hungarian descent . His notable roles include Celeborn in The Lord of the Rings film series ( 2001 -- 03 ) , Yorgi in xXx ( 2002 ) , Guy de Lusignan in Kingdom of Heaven ( 2005 ) , Trevor Goodchild in Æon Flux ( 2005 ) , Hora in Romulus , My Father ( 2007 ) , Nico in Dead Europe ( 2012 ) , Jack Barts in Abraham Lincoln : Vampire Hunter ( 2012 ) , Lieutenant Barnes in Pawn ( 2013 ) , and Nicolai Itchenko in The Equalizer ( 2014 ) . He is set to appear as former FBI Director L. Patrick Gray in the upcoming 2017 film The Silent Man .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bdb8048a12b2db319c910f79c7aae0f4", "text": "The History of Middle-earth The History of Middle-earth is a 12-volume series of books published between 1983 and 1996 that collect and analyse material relating to the fiction of J. R. R. Tolkien , compiled and edited by his son , Christopher Tolkien . The series shows the development over time of Tolkien 's conception of Middle-earth as a fictional place with its own peoples , languages , and history , from his earliest notions of a `` mythology for England '' through to the development of the stories that make up The Silmarillion and The Lord of the Rings . It is not a `` history of Middle-earth '' in the sense of being a chronicle of events in Middle-earth written from an in-universe perspective . In 2000 -- 01 , the twelve volumes were republished in three limited edition omnibus volumes . Non-deluxe editions of the three volumes were published in 2002 .", "title": "" } ]
fever
c8153d4f60350597a8c93b83105296f3
In the 13th century the Kingdom of Georgia fell.
[ { "docid": "12f19522aa5cac4bb4fac17943d6f279", "text": "Kingdom of Georgia The Kingdom of Georgia , also known as the Georgian Empire , was a medieval monarchy which emerged in circa 1008 AD . It reached its Golden Age of political and economic strength during the reign of King David IV and Queen Tamar the Great from 11th to 13th centuries . At the peak of its dominance , the kingdom 's influence spanned from the south of modern-day Ukraine to the northern provinces of Iran , while also maintaining religious possessions in the Holy Land and Greece . A predominantly Christian , Georgian-speaking realm , it was the principal historical precursor of present-day Georgia . Lasting for several centuries , the kingdom fell to the Mongol invasions in the 13th century , but managed to re-assert sovereignty by the 1340s . The following decades were marked by Black Death spread by the nomads , as well as numerous invasions under the leadership of Tamerlane , who devastated the country 's economy , population , and urban centers . The Kingdom 's geopolitical situation further worsened after the Fall of Constantinople , which effectively marked the end of the Eastern Roman Empire , Georgia 's traditional ally . As a result of these processes , by the end of the 15th century Georgia turned into an isolated , fractured Christian enclave , surrounded by hostile Turco-Iranic neighbors . Renewed incursions from 1386 led to the final collapse of the kingdom into anarchy by 1466 and the mutual recognition of its constituent kingdoms of Kartli , Kakheti and Imereti as independent states between 1490 and 1493 .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "790f3d389f814f456caae1f013cef881", "text": "Pitareti Monastery Pitareti Monastery is a medieval Orthodox Christian monastery in Georgia , approximately 26 km southwest of the town of Tetritsqaro , Kvemo Kartli , southwest of the nation 's capital Tbilisi . The Pitareti monastery consists of the Theotokos church , a belfry , the ruined wall and several smaller accessory buildings . The main church appears to have been built in the reign of George IV early in the 13th century . Its design conforms to the contemporary canon of a Georgian domed church and shares a series of common features -- such as a typical cross-in-square plan and a single lateral porch -- with the monasteries of Betania , Kvatakhevi , and Timotesubani . The façades are decorated , accentuating the niches and dormers . The entire interior was once frescoed , but only significantly damaged fragments of those murals survive . The monastery was a property and a burial ground of the noble family of Kachibadze-Baratashvili and , since 1536 , of their offshoots -- the princes Orbelishvili . A 14th-century inscription mentions a ctitor -- the royal chamberlain Kavtar Kachibadze . Another inscription , from a grave stone , records the name of Qaplan Orbelishvili who refurnished the monastery in 1671 . The monastery thrived at Pitareti until 1752 when it was forced to close due to a marauding attack from Dagestan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2cc140d2b64e4b1c51b23d4edfc12e68", "text": "Pkhovi Pkhovi , also known as Pkhoet ' i , is a medieval term for the mountainous district in northeast Georgia comprising the latter-day provinces of Pshavi and Khevsureti along the upper reaches of the Aragvi , and in three alpine valleys just north of the main crest of the Greater Caucasus ( today 's Dusheti district , Mtskheta-Mtianeti region ) . Its inhabitants -- the Pkhovians ( ფხო -LSB- ვ -RSB- ელნი , Pkho -LSB- v -RSB- elni ) -- were a tribe of Georgian highlanders known for their warlike character and frequent disobedience to the royal authority . The toponym Pkhovi , which may derive from a Georgian root meaning `` brave , valiant '' , is first attested in a passage from the seventh-century chronicle The Conversion of Kartli which refers to the defiance of local highlanders to Christianizing efforts of the king Mirian III , and St. Nino , a 4th-century apostle of eastern Georgia ( Kartli/Iberia ) . These pressures are reported to have forced several Pkhovian families to move southeast to Tusheti . Although the population of this region was nominally under the direct rule of the Georgian crown , they had never been completely integrated into the feudal system of medieval Georgia , and remained relatively little affected by implantation of aristocratic landowners as well as foreign intrusions . However , as Professor Kevin Tuite of Université de Montréal has recently suggested , The position of the Georgian Orthodox Church was also weak , and the Pkhovians professed a curious mixture of pagan and Christian beliefs . This has reflected in the religious architecture of Pkhovi : whereas each village of other highland provinces of Georgia , such as Svaneti , Khevi , Mtiuleti , and Racha , has at least one church dating from the 5th to the 18th century , Pkhovi appears to be devoid of Georgian Orthodox churches . Instead , the region abounds in sacred sites , of which the most venerated are referred to as khati or jvari , meaning `` an icon '' and `` a cross '' in standard Georgian usage , but denoting , beyond these sacred images , the sanctuaries in which they are housed , and the deity believed to preside over the sanctuary in Pkhovi . The refractory independence of Pkhovi 's mountainous clans led to the sporadic incursions of royal troops bent on forcing them into submission . One of the most devastating expeditions against the Pkhovians was organized , c. 1212 , at the behest of the queen Tamar of Georgia who presided over the Golden Age of the Kingdom of Georgia . The contemporary chronicle recounts a bloody three-month campaign of pacification by Tamar 's general Ivane the atabek , that left several Pkhovian villages and shrines destroyed . The term Pkhovi disappeared in the 15th century and was replaced with the toponyms : Pshavi and Khevsureti . It has survived , however , in the name of the village Shuapkho ( shua - meaning `` middle '' in Georgian ) , and the Vainakh designation for Khevsureti -- Pkhia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "56a61d2273f6e7a6651a7a032d57daf8", "text": "Lydians The Lydians were an Anatolian people living in Lydia , a region in western Anatolia , who spoke the distinctive Lydian language , an Indo-European language of the Anatolian group . Questions raised regarding their origins , as defined by the language and reaching well into the 2nd millennium BC , continue to be debated by language historians and archeologists . A distinct Lydian culture lasted , in all probability , until at least shortly before the Common Era , having been attested the last time among extant records by Strabo in Kibyra in south-west Anatolia around his time ( 1st century BC ) . The Lydian capital was at Sfard or Sardis . Their recorded history of statehood , which covers three dynasties traceable to the Late Bronze Age , reached the height of its power and achievements during the 7th and 6th centuries BC , a time which coincided with the demise of the power of neighboring Phrygia which lay to the north-east of Lydia . Lydian power came to an abrupt end with the fall of their capital in events subsequent to the Battle of Halys in 585 BC and defeat by Cyrus the Great in 546 BC .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f7ad099b43c8c34100a201a05c2be72d", "text": "Georgian–Armenian War The Georgian -- Armenian War was a short border dispute fought in December 1918 between the newly-independent Democratic Republic of Georgia and the First Republic of Armenia , largely over the control of territories in Lori and Kvemo Kartli districts . In March 1918 , Russian signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk and in doing so agreed to return to the Ottoman Empire territory gained during the 1877 -- 78 Russo-Turkish War . These territories were , however , no longer under the functional control of the Russian central government ; rather , they were being administered collectively by the Georgians , Armenians and Azerbaijanis through the Transcaucasian Sejm . The Trebizond Peace Conference aimed to resolve the dispute , but when the conference failed to produce a resolution , the Ottomans pursued a military campaign to control the disputed territories . Under persistent attack , the Transcaucasians collective eventually dissolved with the Georgians , Armenians and Azerbaijanis declaring independent nation states in quick succession in late-May 1918 . On 4 June , the Ottoman Empire signed the Treaty of Batum with each of the three Transcaucasus states , which brought the conflict to an end and awarded the southern half of the ethnically-Armenia Lori Province and Akhalkalaki district to the Ottomans . Against the wishes of Armenia , Georgia , supported by German officers , took possession of northern Lori and established military outposts along the Dzoraget River . When the Ottomans signed the Armistice of Mudros in October , they were subsequently required to withdraw from the region . Armenia quickly took control of territory previously controlled by the Ottomans , and skirmishes between the Armenia and Georgia arose starting on 18 October . Open warfare began in early December , after diplomatic efforts failed to resolve the issue of the disputed border , and continued until 31 December , when a British-brokered ceasefire was signed , leaving the disputed territory under joint Georgian and Armenian administration .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "15c33759f9bfc2d4c71d6561bde9a131", "text": "Beka I Jaqeli Beka I Jaqeli ( ბექა I ჯაყელი ) ( c. 1240 -- 1306 ) was a ruling prince ( mtavari ) of Samtskhe ( 1285 -- 1306 ) . His principality included Samtskhe , Adjara , Shavsheti , Klarjeti , Lazistan , Tao , Kola , Artaani and most of Javakheti . His realm stretched from Tashiskari ( modern Khashuri District ) to Karnu-kalaki ( now Erzurum ) and the Black Sea . During his reign , Samtskhe-Saatabago existed as a politically independent entity from the Georgian Kingdom . Beka was a vassal of the Ilkhanate , paid regular tributes and participated in their campaigns . Despite being independent , Samtskhe still maintained some kind of relations with Georgia and Beka himself was given a title of Mandaturukhutsesi ( the elder - first in rank - Mandator ) by Georgian king . At the time of Beka 's rule , the Turks became more active the Southwest borders , from the Sultanate of Rum . After a series of invasions , he managed to fend off the attacks . Beka was a supporter of maintaining Georgian political influence over the Empire of Trebizond . For this cause , he married off his daughter Jiajak to the Trapezuntine Emperor Alexios II . Another daughter of Beka , - Natela , became the consort of Demetrius II of Georgia and bore him a son and the successor to the throne . After the execution of his father Demetrius by Mongols , George was raised by his grandfather .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f7dbfb85221c38401b3d6723157d8ba8", "text": "George IX of Kartli George IX ( Georgian : გიორგი IX , Giorgi IX ) ( died 1539 ) was a king of the Georgian kingdom of Kartli from 1525 to 1527 ( or 1534 ) . The second son of the Georgian king Constantine II , he succeeded on the abdication of his elder brother , David X , in 1525 . The relations of the king with other members of the royal family were strained . That may have forced George to withdraw to a monastery under the name of Gerasime , leaving the throne to his energetic nephew , Luarsab I . The sources are confused about when exactly George IX abdicated , some claiming it occurred in 1527 ( more accepted date ) while others placing the event around 1534 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da4594948d6ce654a98d39a179f55ca7", "text": "George I of Imereti George I ( გიორგი I , Giorgi I ) ( died 1392 ) , of the Bagrationi dynasty , was king of western Georgian kingdom of Imereti from 1389 to 1392 . George was born sometime after 1358 into the family of Bagrat I , then duke ( and ex-king ) of Imereti , and his wife , of the Jaqeli family of Samtskhe . He succeeded as king of Imereti on the death of his elder brother , Alexander I , who had proclaimed himself king in opposition to King Bagrat V of Georgia during Timur 's invasion of the country . Unlike his predecessor , George initially enjoyed more success in consolidating his power over Imereti ; more fortresses were seized from Bagrat 's loyalists and his protégé , Arsen , was installed as catholicos of the church in 1390 . In 1392 , he led his army to subdue Vameq I Dadiani , Duke of Mingrelia , but he suffered a crushing defeat and was killed on the battlefield . At Vameq 's invitation , Bagrat V 's son , George VII , occupied Imereti , reuniting it with the Kingdom of Georgia . George 's brother , Constantine , and nephew , Demetrius , son of Alexander , fled to the North Caucasus , in the Balkar lands ( Basiani of the Georgian sources ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc4f347dde5a852b27879ecfc3f402c1", "text": "United Nations resolutions on Abkhazia The Security Council of the United Nations passed 32 resolutions where it recognizes Abkhazia as an integral part of Georgia and supports its territorial integrity according to the principles of the international law . The UN is urging both sides to settle the Georgian -- Abkhazian conflict through peaceful means by intensifying diplomatic dialogue and ratifying the final accord about the status of Abkhazia in the Georgian Constitution . Moreover , United nations calls for immediate return of all expelled ethnic Georgians ( approximately 250,000 ) and determining the final status of Abkhazia as maximum autonomy or federative structure within the borders of the Georgian state . The resolutions also commend Russia 's role as a peacekeeper and facilitator towards a resolution of the conflict . Resolution 1716 also urges Georgia to ensure that no troops are present in the Kodori Gorge and asks Georgia to refrain from provocative actions in the Kodori Gorge . Many of the resolutions relate to the establishment and extension of the United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia . On May 15 , 2008 , the United Nations General Assembly adopted a non-binding resolution recognising the right of all refugees ( including victims of reported `` ethnic cleansing '' ) to return to Abkhazia and their property rights . It `` regretted '' the attempts to alter pre-war demographic composition and called for the `` rapid development of a timetable to ensure the prompt voluntary return of all refugees and internally displaced persons to their homes . '' The following are United Nations resolutions adopted by the Security Council with regards to Abkhazia : United Nations Security Council Resolution 849 ( July 9 , 1993 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 854 ( August 6 , 1993 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 858 ( August 24 , 1993 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 876 ( October 19 , 1993 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 881 ( November 4 , 1993 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 892 ( December 22 , 1993 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 896 ( January 31 , 1994 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 901 ( March 4 , 1994 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 906 ( March 25 , 1994 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 934 ( June 30 , 1994 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 937 ( July 21 , 1994 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 971 ( January 12 , 1995 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 993 ( May 12 , 1995 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 1036 ( January 12 , 1996 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 1065 ( July 12 , 1996 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 1077 ( October 22 , 1996 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 1096 ( January 30 , 1997 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 1124 ( July 30 , 1997 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 1150 ( January 30 , 1998 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 1187 ( July 30 , 1998 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 1225 ( January 28 , 1999 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 1255 ( July 30 , 1999 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 1287 ( January 31 , 2000 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 1311 ( July 28 , 2000 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 1339 ( January 31 , 2001 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 1364 ( July 31 , 2001 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 1393 ( January 31 , 2002 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 1427 ( July 29 , 2002 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 1462 ( January 30 , 2003 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 1494 ( July 30 , 2003 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 1524 ( January 30 , 2004 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 1554 ( July 29 , 2004 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 1582 ( January 28 , 2005 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 1615 ( July 29 , 2005 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 1656 ( January 31 , 2006 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 1716 ( October 13 , 2006 ) ; UN Security Council Resolution 1752 ( April 13 , 2007 ) ; UN Security Council Resolution 1781 ( October 15 , 2007 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 1808 ( April 15 , 2008 ) ; UN General Assembly Resolution GA/10708 ( May 15 , 2008 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5cb7742d24ea824c78a06dab773901ee", "text": "Irakli Gruzinsky Irakli Gruzinsky ( ირაკლი გრუზინსკი Ираклий Александрович Грузинский , Irakly Aleksandrovich Gruzinsky ; 18 August 1826 -- 27 April 1882 ) was a Georgian prince of the House of Bagrationi and a colonel in the Russian Imperial army . He was a grandson of Heraclius II , the penultimate king of Georgia , and the son of Prince Alexander , a staunch opponent of the Russian possession of Georgia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "df436427f87748a6cc6701cef66bcc83", "text": "David III of Tao David III Kuropalates ( , Davit ' III Kuropalati ) or David III the Great ( დავით III დიდი , Davit ' III Didi ) , also known as David II , ( c. 930s -- 1000 or 1001 ) was a Georgian prince of the Bagratid family of Tao , a historic region in the Georgian -- Armenian marchlands , from 966 until his murder in 1000 . Kuropalates was a Byzantine courtier title bestowed upon him in 978 and again in 990 . David is best known for his crucial assistance to the Byzantine Macedonian dynasty in the 976 -- 9 civil war and his unique role in the political unification of various Georgian polities as well as his patronage of Christian culture and learning . Between 987 and 989 , David joined his friend Bardas Phocas in a revolt against the Byzantine emperor Basil II , but was defeated and agreed to cede his lands to the empire on his death . Yet he was able to secure for his heir , Bagrat III , an opportunity to become the first ruler of a unified Georgian kingdom .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a95accdba4e305e751240f499a2fc88d", "text": "Achaemenid Assyria Athura ( ð ð ° ð cents ð 1/4 ð Aθurā ) , also called Assyria Babylonia , was a geographical area within the Persian Achaemenid Empire held by the last nobility of Aššur ( Akkadian ) , known as Athura ( Neo-Aramaic ) or Atouria ( Greek ) , during the period of 539 BC to 330 BC as a military protectorate state of Persia under the rule of Cyrus the Great . Although sometimes regarded as a satrapy , Achaemenid royal inscriptions list it as a dahyu , a concept generally interpreted as meaning either a group of people or both a country and its people , without any administrati It mostly incorporated the original Assyrian kingdom , corresponding with modern northern Iraq in the upper Tigris , the middle and upper Euphrates , modern-day north eastern Syria ( Eber-Nari ) and part of south-east Anatolia ( modern Turkey ) . The Neo-Assyrian Empire collapsed after a period of violent civil wars , followed by an invasion by a coalition of some of its former subject peoples , the Iranian peoples ( Medes , Persians and Scythians ) , Babylonians and Cimmerians in the late 7th century BC , culminating in the Battle of Nineveh , and Assyria had fallen completely by 605 BC . Between 605 and 559 BC , Assyria was divided between the Median Empire to the east and the Neo-Babylonian Empire to the west . Both parts were subsumed into the Achaemenid Empire in 539 BC , and it has been argued that they constituted the satrapies of Media and Athura , respectively . In Herodotus ' account the Ninth Tributary District comprised `` Babylonia and the rest of Assyria '' , and excluded Eber-Nari . Despite a few rebellions , Assyria functioned as an important part of the Achaemenid Empire . The Assyrian people were given the right to govern themselves throughout Achaemenid rule , and the Assyrian ( Aramaic ) language was used diplomatically by the Persians . Known for their combat skills , Assyrian soldiers ( along with the Lydians ) constituted the main heavy infantry of the Achaemenid empire 's military . Due to the major destruction of Assyria during the fall of its empire , some early scholars described the area as an `` uninhabited wasteland . '' Other Assyriologists , however , such as John Curtis and Simo Parpola , have strongly disputed this claim , citing how Assyria would eventually become one of the wealthiest regions among the Achaemenid Empire . This wealth was due to the land 's great prosperity for agriculture that the Persians used effectively for almost 200 years . In contrast to the policy of the Assyrian Empire , the Achaemenid Persians did not intervene in the internal affairs of their ruling satrapies as long as they continued the flow of tribute and taxes back to Persia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd15cca1ff221e9a80b14f41545852ec", "text": "House of Mukhrani The House of Mukhrani is a Georgian family , a branch of the former royal dynasty of Bagrationi of which it sprung early in the 16th century , and received in appanage the domain of Mukhrani located in Kartli , central Georgia . The family has since been known as Mukhran-Batoni , that is , `` Princes ( batoni ) of Mukhrani '' . An elder branch of the house of Mukhrani , now extinct , furnished five royal sovereigns of Kartli between 1658 and 1724 . Its descendants bore the Imperial Russian titles of Prince ( Gruzinsky ; Грузи́нский , გრუზინსკი ) and Princes Bagration . Another branch , presiding in Mukhrani as tavadi and received among the princely nobility of Russia under the name of Bagration of Mukhrani ( Bagration-Mukhransky ; Багратион-Мухранский ; Bagration-Mukhraneli , ბაგრატიონ-მუხრანელი ) , still flourishes and has , since 1957 , claimed to be the Royal House of Georgia by virtue of being the genealogically eldest surviving line of the Bagrationi dynasty . David Bagration of Mukhrani has been the head of this house since January 16 , 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b9a92fbe492a47b0cabf643f61a035ac", "text": "List of wars involving Georgia (country) The following is an incomplete list of wars involving Georgia , by Georgian people or regular armies during periods when independent Georgian states existed , from antiquity to the present day . It also includes wars fought outside of Georgia by Georgian military . The list gives the name , the date , combatants , and the result of these conflicts following this legend : __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0173ad9962e33c3c910f54c3434bf624", "text": "Georgian diaspora The Georgian diaspora refers to both historical and present emigration from Georgia . The countries with the largest Georgian communities outside Georgia are Turkey and Russia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8fdd21f390d931c6a59367d9972a8ba2", "text": "Toumanov Toumanov , Georgianized Toumanishvili or Toumaniani , Tumanyan or russianized Toumanov or Toumanoff ( Georgian თუმანიშვილი , Թումանյան , Թումանով , Russian Туманишви́ли , Тума́нов ) is an ancient Armenian-Georgian princely family . The family has its roots in the ancient Armenian noble dynasty of the Mamikonians ( Mamikonids ) . Through the branch of Toumanoffs ( Georgian : Toumaniani ) belonged to the Armenian Church , the Toumanishvili branch was of Greek Orthodox line . The two Mamikonid princely Houses of Georgia ( and later the Russian Empire ) are the Liparitids and the T'umanids . The former appeared in Iberia c. 876 and was invested with the office of High Constable of Georgia . It returned , to Armenia in 1177 , or possibly even earlier and reigned as the Third Dynasty of Siunik from c. 1200 to the mid-fifteenth century . It was subdivided , in the remaining Georgian branch , into the following houses : Jambakur ( ian ) -LSB- = čenbakur -RSB- - Orbeliani , Barat ' ašvili , Solağašvili , Kaxaberije-Čiĵavaje , and possibly Abašije . The other house of T'umanids , moved back to Georgia from Armenia Maritima ( Cilicia ) after the twelfth century and adopted the last name Toumanishvili . They were acknowledged by the Kings of Georgia as tavadi ( princes ) , and received hereditary rank as the King 's `` mdivanbeg '' ( counselor or vizier ) . The House of Tumanishvili was on the list of Kartvelian ( Georgian ) princes that was attached to the Treaty of Georgievsk concluded with the Georgian King Erekle II on July 24 , 1783 and on recognized on the Russian Empire 's list of princely families in December 1850 . The Prince Mikhail Tumanov was the Ambassador ( Minister plenipotentiary ) of Armenia to Georgia during the first republic of Armenia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6916f2698a842c63ced856dba8438171", "text": "Trustee Georgia Trustee Georgia is the name of the period covering the first twenty years of Georgia history , from 1732 -- 1752 , because during that time the English Province of Georgia was governed by a Board of Trustees . England 's King George II , for whom the colony was named , signed a charter establishing the colony and creating its governing board on July 7 , 1732 . His action culminated a lengthy process . The charter was granted to the Trustees for the Establishment of the Colony of Georgia in America , a group formed by James Oglethorpe . Oglethorpe envisioned the province as a location for the resettlement of English debtors and `` the worthy poor '' , although few debtors were part of the organized settlement of Georgia . Another motivation for the founding of the colony was to create a `` buffer state '' ( border ) , or `` garrison province '' that would defend the southern part of the British colonies from Spanish Florida and French Mississippi . Oglethorpe envisioned a province populated largely by yeoman farmers who would secure the southern frontier of British America ; because of this , as well as on moral grounds , the colony 's regulations prohibited slavery . Oglethorpe 's plan for settlement ( now known as the Oglethorpe Plan ) was founded on eighteenth-century country party philosophy and drew from principles of Roman colonial town design .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "95d4927828695d09d4ef2bbe25bb554e", "text": "Tengiz Sigua Tengiz Sigua ( born 9 November 1934 ) is a Georgian politician and former Prime Minister of the country . Sigua was an engineer by profession and entered politics on the eve of the Soviet Union 's collapse . In 1990 he led an expert group of the bloc `` Round Table-Free Georgia '' . Following the first multiparty elections in Georgia , he was elected Chair of the Ministers ' Council of the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic on 14 November 1990 . He was the prime minister in Zviad Gamsakhurdia 's government from 15 November 1990 to 18 August 1991 . However , he resigned in August 1991 after disagreements with the president . Along with the National Guard leader Tengiz Kitovani and the paramilitary leader Jaba Ioseliani , he became a leader of the uneasy opposition which launched a violent coup against the President in December 1991-January 1992 . After Gamsakhurdia 's fall , he became Prime Minister in the Georgian interim government ( Military Council , later transformed into the State Council ) which was joined by Eduard Shevardnadze ) on 6 January 1992 . He was reappointed Prime Minister on 8 November 1992 by the newly elected Parliament . He resigned on 6 August 1993 after the Parliament rejected the budget submitted by the government . He remained as an MP , led the National Liberation Front opposition party and backed a military solution of the Georgian-Abkhaz conflict .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18f6da6285fb50b546424603d7b5d9b7", "text": "Cinema of Georgia The cinema of Georgia has been noted for its cinematography in Europe . One of the most acclaimed Italian film directors , Federico Fellini , was an admirer of the Georgian film :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d3430663dca4279fea694e33f686ceae", "text": "The Literature of Georgia: A History The Literature of Georgia : A History by Donald Rayfield , professor of Russian and Georgian at the University of London , is the first and the most comprehensive study of the literature of Georgia that has ever appeared in English . The work deals with Georgia 's diverse 1,500-year literary tradition from the 5th-century hagiographic writings down to the 20th-century eclectic poetry and prose . The book researches into the diverse influences which have affected the Georgian literature - from Greek and Persian to Russian and modern European , and the folklore of the Caucasus , and also includes translations of several pieces of the Georgian poetry . Part V , dealing with the Soviet and post-Soviet periods , is of particular interest . Rayfield , one of the first researchers to have gained access to recently declassified Soviet archives on the 1937 show trials of Georgian writers organized by Lavrentiy Beria , gives a profound analysis of the tragedy suffered by the Georgian intellectual élite in Joseph Stalin 's Great Purge which is classified by the author as a `` holocaust '' . The book was first published in 1994 and earned appraisal from several literary authorities . The second revised edition appeared in 2000 and the third , revised and expanded one , in 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5c958feb43222f57a6b060b62312acd1", "text": "Kingdom of Hungary (1000–1301) The Kingdom of Hungary came into existence in Central Europe when Stephen I , Grand Prince of the Hungarians , was crowned king in 1000 or 1001 . He reinforced central authority and forced his subjects to accept Christianity . Although written sources emphasize the role played by German and Italian knights and clerics in the process , a significant part of the Hungarian vocabulary for agriculture , religion and state was taken from Slavic languages . Civil wars and pagan uprisings , along with attempts by the Holy Roman Emperors to expand their authority over Hungary , jeopardized the new monarchy . The monarchy stabilized during the reigns of Ladislaus I ( 1077 -- 1095 ) and Coloman ( 1095 -- 1116 ) . These rulers occupied Croatia and Dalmatia with the support of a part of the local population . Both realms retained their autonomous position . The successors of Ladislaus and Coloman -- especially Béla II ( 1131 -- 1141 ) , Béla III ( 1176 -- 1196 ) , Andrew II ( 1205 -- 1235 ) , and Béla IV ( 1235 -- 1270 ) -- continued this policy of expansion towards the Balkan Peninsula and the lands east of the Carpathian Mountains , transforming their kingdom into one of the major powers of medieval Europe . Rich in uncultivated lands , silver , gold , and salt deposits , Hungary became the preferred destination of mainly German , Italian and French colonists . These immigrants were mostly peasants who settled in villages , but craftsmen and merchants also came . Their arrival had a key role in the shaping of an urban lifestyle , habits and culture in medieval Hungary . The location of the kingdom at the crossroads of international trade routes favored the coexistence of several cultures . Romanesque , Gothic and Renaissance buildings and literary works written in Latin prove the predominantly Roman Catholic character of the culture , but Orthodox , and even non-Christian ethnic minority communities also existed . Latin was the language of legislation , administration and judiciary , but `` linguistic pluralism '' contributed to the survival of many tongues , including a great variety of Slavic dialects . The predominance of royal estates initially assured the sovereign 's preeminent position , but the alienation of royal lands gave rise to the emergence of a self-conscious group of lesser landholders , known as `` royal servants '' . They forced Andrew II to issue his Golden Bull of 1222 , `` one of first examples of constitutional limits being placed on the powers of a European monarch '' ( Francis Fukuyama ) . The kingdom received a major blow from the Mongol invasion of 1241 -- 42 . Thereafter , Cuman and Jassic groups settled in the central lowlands , and colonists arrived from Moravia , Poland and other nearby countries . The erection of fortresses by landlords , promoted by the monarchs after the withdrawal of the Mongols , led to the development of semi-autonomous `` provinces '' dominated by powerful magnates . Some of these magnates even challenged the authority of Andrew III ( 1290 -- 1301 ) , the last male descendant of the native Árpád dynasty . His death was followed by a period of interregnum and anarchy . Central power was re-established only in the early 1320s .", "title": "" } ]
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7d00eb315d3fe2e8330d89d331c62076
Based on a T.R.U. Story was nominated for Best Rap Album.
[ { "docid": "88122bc85a30f14c8eae7514085cc075", "text": "Based on a T.R.U. Story Based on a T.R.U. Story is the debut studio album by American rapper 2 Chainz . It was released on August 14 , 2012 , by Def Jam Recordings . The album features guest appearances from fellow rappers Lil Wayne , Drake , Kanye West , Nicki Minaj and Playaz Circle cohort Dolla Boy , along with singer-songwriters The-Dream , Mike Posner , The Weeknd and Chris Brown . The album 's production was handled by Brick Squad Monopoly 's Southside , Mike Will Made It , Sonny Digital , Kanye West , Hit-Boy , Drumma Boy , DJ Mustard , Mr. Bangladesh and DJ Spinz , among others . The album has sold 623,000 copies as of August 2013 . The album was nominated for Best Rap Album at the 55th Grammy Awards , but lost to Take Care by Drake .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "1e6b64747b10fa5367fbd67336b4b8f4", "text": "Based on a True Story (The Del-Lords album) Based on a True Story is an album released in 1988 by Del Lords on Enigma Records .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a40251e098b01d74d507f5368caa5837", "text": "The Last Don 2 The Last Don II is the fifth studio album by Don Omar , released on June 16 , 2015 , through Pina Records and Machete Music . It is the sequel of Don Omar 's first album , The Last Don , released in 2003 , and includes twelve songs and includes the participation of reggaeton stars Wisin & Yandel , Daddy Yankee , Tego Calderón and Plan B , and pop artist Natti Natasha . Contrary of Don Omar 's latest album , The Last Don II focuses on reggaeton , with exceptions including two hip hop tracks and one latin pop track . It features four singles : `` Soledad '' , `` Guaya Guaya '' , `` Perdido En Tus Ojos '' and `` Te Recordaré Bailando '' . The songs themes includes dance , sex , love and human self-reflection . It was nominated for a Latin Grammy Award for Best Urban Music Album in the ceremony 's 16th edition .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "106ae4371412686a08b197b1c094ea26", "text": "The Marshall Mathers LP The Marshall Mathers LP is the third studio album by American rapper Eminem . It was released on May 23 , 2000 , by Aftermath Entertainment , Interscope Records , and Eminem 's newly founded label , Shady Records in the United States , and on September 11 , 2000 , by Polydor Records in the United Kingdom . The album was produced mostly by Dr. Dre and Eminem , along with The 45 King , the Bass Brothers , and Mel-Man . Released a year after Eminem 's breakout album The Slim Shady LP , the record features more introspective lyricism including the rapper 's response to his sudden rise to fame and controversy surrounding his lyrics . The album sold more than 1.78 million copies in the US in its first week alone , becoming the fastest-selling studio album by any solo artist in American music history . In 2001 , the album won the Grammy Award for Best Rap Album and was nominated for Album of the Year . Eminem lost the latter to jazz-rock duo Steely Dan and their album Two Against Nature . The album was certified Diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America in March 2011 for shipping 10 million copies in the United States . By December 2016 , the album had sold over 11 million copies in the United States and more than 32 million copies worldwide . A sequel to the album , The Marshall Mathers LP 2 , was released on November 5 , 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2dd9d3b2e7d7cabc2b8e8c0d6d8d2012", "text": "List of awards and nominations received by Missy Elliott Missy Elliott is an American rapper , singer-songwriter , author , record producer and actress . Missy 's debut album Supa Dupa Fly was released on July 15 , 1997 in the United States under her own label The Goldmind Inc. signed under Elektra Records . Her second album Da Real World was then released on June 22 , 1999 , followed by her third album Miss E. . . So Addictive , released on May 15 , 2001 . Under Construction was the fourth album released by Elliott , which was released on November 12 , 2002 , followed by her fifth album This Is Not a Test ! that saw a release in November 25 , 2003 , and The Cookbook , Elliott 's latest album to date , which was released on July 4 , 2005 . Throughout Missy Elliott 's career , she has received several awards and nominations . Elliott would also be noted to become the first female rapper in history to take home the award for `` Best International Video '' from VIVA Comet Media Awards for her solo debut single , `` The Rain ( Supa Dupa Fly ) '' . Elliott 's debut Supa Dupa Fly ( 1997 ) would go on to score two Grammy nominations for Best Rap Solo Performance & Best Rap Album , alongside three MTV Music Video Awards nominations for `` Best Direction in a Video , '' `` Best Breakthrough Video '' & `` Best Rap Video '' . Missy Elliott 's second album Da Real World ( 1999 ) attained a Grammy nomination for Best Rap Album . She also received an award for `` Best R&B / Soul or Rap Music Video '' by the Soul Train Awards . The album went on to go platinum making it Elliott 's second platinum album . The follow-up , Miss E. . . So Addictive ( 2001 ) , was a commercial success ; selling over 9.2 million copies worldwide making it her third consecutive platinum album . This album would attain twelve MTV Video Music Awards nominations throughout 2001 and 2002 . Additionally , the effort gained Elliott several nominations from various award shows some including , the Grammy Awards , MTV Video Music Awards , and the BET Awards . On March 27 , 2001 , Lil ' Kim , Christina Aguilera , Pink , and Mýa recorded a cover version of the LaBelle song , `` Lady Marmalade '' as a medley for the feature film Moulin Rouge that Missy Elliott wrote and produced , which topped # 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 for five weeks . `` Lady Marmalade '' scored Elliott 's first Grammy Award in 2002 for Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals . Missy Elliott 's fourth album Under Construction ( 2002 ) was certified double platinum , making it her fourth platinum album . The effort gained Elliott eight MTV Video Music Awards in 2003 , taking two awards for `` Video of the Year & `` Best Hip-Hop Video '' . The album also gained Elliott five Grammy nominations in 2004 for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group , Best Rap Album , Album of The Year , Best Rap Song & Best Female Rap Solo Performance taking an award for Best Female Rap Solo Performance . Elliott 's follow-up This Is Not a Test ! ( 2003 ) would also attain a platinum certification , as well as two MTV Video Music Awards and one MTV Music Video Japan Awards nominations . The Cookbook ( 2005 ) is Missy Elliott 's latest album to date . The effort attained three Grammy nominations in 2006 for Best Short Form Music Video , Best Rap Song & Best Rap Album . Elliott received the award for Best Short Form Music Video for her single `` Lose Control '' . The Cookbook also gained Elliott seven MTV Video Music Awards nominations , taking two awards for `` Best Dance Video '' and `` Best Hip-Hop Video '' . In 2014 , Missy Elliott became nominated for a Grammy for Best R&B Song for the featured single , `` Without Me '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9fe4c75d3ecf9042a354a110d4768ec2", "text": "I Gotta Make It I Got ta Make It is the debut studio album by American R&B recording artist Trey Songz . It was released on July 26 , 2005 , by Atlantic Records . Recording sessions took place from 2004 to 2005 , with Trey Songz ' then mentor Troy Taylor , alongside Mike Caren and Delante Murphy serving as the records executive producers , while the additional production by Warryn Campbell and Bei Maejor ; as well as four guest appearances from American rappers Twista , Juvenile and T.I. , alongside American R&B legend Aretha Franklin . The album was supported by two singles : `` Got ta Make It '' featuring Twista , and `` Got ta Go '' . The album debuted at number 20 on the US Billboard 200 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3e9aceb1a1788fdcab37eb05e6442b6c", "text": "Thuggin' Under the Influence (T.U.I.) Thuggin ' Under the Influence ( T.U.I. ) is the first independent album by American rapper Young Jeezy ( under the initial name `` Lil ' J '' ) . It was released on August 31 , 2001 , by his independent record label , called Corporate Thugz ( CTE ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "627705b7255d46d2ac623522586f0f76", "text": "Don't Sweat the Technique Do n't Sweat the Technique is the fourth studio album by American hip hop duo Eric B. & Rakim , released on June 23 , 1992 , by MCA Records . Their final album as a duo , it was recorded and produced by Eric B. & Rakim at The Hit Factory in New York City . The album builds on the sounds of 1990 's Let the Rhythm Hit 'Em , with Rakim sounding more aggressive on Eric B. 's jazzy , soulful production . The album debuted at number 22 on the Billboard 200 chart in the week of July 11 , 1992 . It also charted at number nine on Top R&B Albums . The title track was a minor radio hit . `` Casualties of War '' was also released as a single and contains some of Rakim 's most political lyrics . The single `` What 's on Your Mind '' originally appeared on the soundtrack to the 1991 film House Party 2 , while `` Know the Ledge '' first appeared in the film Juice under the title `` Juice ( Know the Ledge ) '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a3dc443d14d916ae5c349837433dea85", "text": "Paid in Full (album) Paid in Full is the debut album of American hip hop duo Eric B. & Rakim , released on July 7 , 1987 , by Island-subsidiary label 4th & B'way Records . The duo recorded the album at hip hop producer Marley Marl 's home studio and Power Play Studios in New York City , following Rakim 's response to Eric B. 's search for a rapper to complement his disc jockey work in 1985 . The album peaked at number fifty-eight on the Billboard 200 chart and produced five singles , `` Eric B. Is President '' , `` I Ai n't No Joke '' , `` I Know You Got Soul '' , `` Move the Crowd '' , and `` Paid in Full '' . Paid in Full is credited as a benchmark album of golden age hip hop . Rakim 's rapping , which pioneered the use of internal rhymes in hip hop , set a higher standard of lyricism in the genre and served as a template for future rappers . The album 's heavy sampling by Eric B. became influential in hip hop production . The record has sold over a million copies and the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) certified it platinum in 1995 . In 2003 , the album was ranked number 228 on Rolling Stone magazine 's list of the 500 greatest albums of all time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a0d0d0bf2bd28cccde29026e7719de93", "text": "Based on a True Story (Mack 10 album) Based on a True Story is the second studio album by American rapper Mack 10 , released September 16 , 1997 on Priority Records . It peaked at number 14 on the Billboard 200 and at number 5 on the Billboard Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums . One single , `` Backyard Boogie '' , peaked at number 23 on the Billboard Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Songs . and performed well on several other charts as well . The album features guest performance by Ice Cube , E-40 , Snoop Dogg , Allfrumtha I and The Comrads . Along with singles , music videos were produced for two songs : `` Backyard Boogie '' and `` Only in California '' featuring Ice Cube and Snoop Dogg . Ice Cube makes a cameo appearance in `` Backyard Boogie '' . The song , `` Ca n't Stop '' , was previously released on the Ant Banks album , Big Thangs . Another song , `` Dopeman '' , was later included on two Priority Records compilations , In tha Beginning ... There Was Rap and Straight Outta Compton : N.W.A 10th Anniversary Tribute . `` Dopeman '' is a cover version of the 1987 N.W.A song of the same name .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3f5449b543067f1a1d11b8563b7ff1e5", "text": "The Tru Story: Continued The Tru Story : Continued is the third compilation album by rapper C-Murder . It was released on September 5 , 2006 through Koch Records and featured production from former labelmates , Fiend , KLC and Carlos Stephens . The album was a continuation of his previous album , The Truest Shit I Ever Said , and has thus far been his lowest charting album , reaching No. 35 on the Billboard Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums chart and No. 24 on the Independent Albums chart . This album sold nearly 4680 copies in its first week of release . .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c60907d85d35cbc9ca48d6b463ba4ee", "text": "Black Mafia Life Black Mafia Life is the second studio album by American hip hop group Above the Law.This Album Is What Would Be Considered The Blue Print Sound Similar To Dr Dre 's The Chronic.The Sound What would be later Named as G-Funk by 2pac . Recorded in 1991 into 1992 but was held back due Legal Issues With Epic And Dr. Dre 's Departure from Ruthless Records . It was released on February 2 , 1993 via Ruthless Records . The album peaked at number 6 on the Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums and number 37 on the US Billboard 200 . Rolling Stone gave the album 4.5 stars of 5 . As on the group 's previous works , Livin ' Like Hustlers and Vocally Pimpin ' , this album 's audio production was mostly handled by A.T.L. themselves , but this one excluded any contributions from Lay Law . It featured guest appearances from Kokane , Eazy-E , 2pac , MC Ren , and Digital Underground . Its lead single `` V.S.O.P. '' peaked at number 9 on the Hot Rap Singles and number 97 on the Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks . Above the Law member Go Mack left the group after release of this album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b1931603aedbe38deee27ced57b10193", "text": "Tru Life Roberto Guzmán Rosado , Jr. ( born March 19 , 1976 ) , better known by his stage name Tru Life , is an American rapper of Puerto Rican descent . He was signed to Jay-Z 's Roc-A-Fella Records briefly but was incarcerated soon after . Before signing he had spent time with various other labels , featured on numerous songs and had already generated quite a buzz due to prominent beefs , appearances on mixtapes and Smack DVD . He was released from prison in 2016 . Since his release from prison he has actively protested his innocence , and stated that he pled guilty to a criminal charge only because of the situation being effectively stacked against him in such a way that he felt he could not win a trial , despite the fact that he did n't participate in any crime . In his eyes , it was a better choice to plead guilty and accept the sentence than to risk a trial , which would have not only put him at risk of being convicted of a more serious crime but also at risk of a much longer sentence . He has also indicated since his release that he is a changed man and has left his previous life of crime and drama long behind him and is moving on in a positive direction . Soon after his release Tru Life featured on a song with Rick Ross which was received well . The music video for the song , released on YouTube , gathered over 1 million views within one month . As of January 2017 Tru Life has featured on a few mixtape tracks but has not released a single nor has he indicated any signs of signing to a record label . He has stated that he is working on his own record and starting his own label .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a7d49dfb920c0c1fc983ede6845c9f28", "text": "Bobby (Bobby Brown album) Bobby is the third studio album by American R&B singer Bobby Brown , released in 1992 by MCA Records . The album continued the R&B / new-jack sound of its successful predecessor , Do n't Be Cruel . Babyface , L.A. Reid , and Daryl Simmons returned as songwriters and producers , however Brown also worked with new producers , most notably Teddy Riley , who was considered a pioneer of the new jack swing genre . Riley also co-wrote and produced the majority of the album . Brown also had more creative input and control of the album , becoming an executive producer and co-writing seven of the album 's thirteen tracks . Bobby peaked at # 2 on the US Billboard 200 album chart , and spawned two Top 10 Billboard Hot 100 singles : `` Humpin ' Around '' ( # 3 ) and `` Good Enough '' ( # 7 ) . The album also peaked at # 1 on the Billboard R&B Albums chart and reached # 2 in Australia . The album included Brown 's first duet with wife Whitney Houston on `` Something in Common '' , which was also released as a single . Bobby generally received mixed reviews from music critics . Brown received his second Grammy nomination for Best Male R&B Vocal Performance at the 35th Annual Grammy Awards for `` Humpin ' Around '' . The album has been certified 2x Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America for shipments of over two million units in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "09fbccc09e0845225133080fba22f31d", "text": "T-Pain discography The discography of T-Pain , an American R&B singer , songwriter record producer and rapper , consists of four studio albums , forty-two singles ( as lead artist , and featured artist ) , five mixtapes , and thirty-six music videos . On December 6 , 2005 , his debut studio album , Rappa Ternt Sanga , is where it first appeared on the charts , when it debuted at number 33 on the US Billboard 200 . Both singles , `` I 'm Sprung '' and `` I 'm 'n Luv ( Wit a Stripper ) '' , peaked in the top ten on the US Billboard Hot 100 . After that , he collaborated with fellow rapper E-40 , along with an singer Kandi Burruss on the single `` U and Dat '' , which it peaked at number 13 in the United States . In 2007 , his second album , titled Epiphany ( 2007 ) , which debuted at number 1 in the United States . The lead single `` Buy U a Drank ( Shawty Snappin ' ) '' , peaked at number one in the United States , the follow-up single `` Bartender '' which peaked at number 5 , and the album 's third single `` Church '' . During 2007 , T-Pain made several guest appearances on songs by other performing artists , the most commercially successful of these being `` Low '' by Flo Rida , which peaked at number one in the United States , and on several national singles charts worldwide . In November 2008 , T-Pain released his third studio album , Three Ringz , debuted at number 4 in the United States , and its consists by all 3 singles -- `` Chopped 'n' Skrewed '' , `` Ca n't Believe It '' and `` Freeze '' . In 2008 , T-Pain appeared on several other singles by other performing artists , including `` Got Money '' by Lil Wayne , `` The Boss by Rick Ross and `` One More Drink '' by Ludacris , among several others . T-Pain 's fourth studio album , Revolver , was released in December 2011 . The album has been preceded by the release of the promotional singles `` Take Your Shirt Off '' , `` Reverse Cowgirl '' and `` Rap Song '' , as well as the single `` Booty Wurk ( One Cheek at a Time ) '' , which attained mixed success on worldwide charts . On May 4 , 2011 , T-Pain released a mixtape , PrEVOLVEr , in promotion of the album . The first official single from Revolver was `` Best Love Song '' , which features Chris Brown . The album 's second single was `` 5 O'Clock '' , which features Wiz Khalifa and Lily Allen . The album 's third single was `` Turn All the Lights On '' , which features Ne-Yo .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "49889d0096e127cb767dac7b1342e9d8", "text": "The Source Presents: Hip Hop Hits The Source Presents : Hip Hop Hits is the first annual music compilation album to be contributed by The Source magazine . Released December 16 , 1997 and distributed through Polygram Records , Hip Hop Hits Volume 1 features eighteen hip hop and rap hits . It went to number 25 on the Top R&B / Hip Hop Albums chart ( making it the highest charting Hip Hop Hits album on that chart to date ) and peaked at number 38 on the Billboard 200 album chart . Five tracks on the album had reached number-one on the Billboard Hot Rap Tracks chart : `` Bow Down , '' `` Ca n't Nobody Hold Me Down '' , `` Crush on You , '' `` Elevators '' and `` Hypnotize '' . Two of the songs , `` Hypnotize '' and `` Ca n't Nobody Hold Me Down '' reached number-one on the Billboard R&B / Hip-Hop and pop charts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2922456af640137e0ae590ce8f9dad0d", "text": "400 Degreez 400 Degreez is the 3rd studio album by Magnolia Projects , New Orleans , Louisiana-based rapper Juvenile . The album was released on November 3 , 1998 , on Cash Money Records . It remains Juvenile 's best-selling album of his solo career and currently the best-selling album ever released on Cash Money Records along with Drake 's Views ( album ) . The album was certified 4x Platinum by the RIAA , on December 19 , 1999 . Two singles , `` Ha '' and `` Back That Azz Up '' became hip hop hits in the United States . `` Back That Azz Up '' peaked at # 19 on the Billboard Hot 100 music chart along with `` Ha '' which peaked at # 68 on the hot 100 music chart . The album peaked at # 2 on Billboard 's Top R&B / Hip Hop Albums music chart and at # 9 on the Billboard 200 music chart in 1999 . It also went to claim the # 1 position on the Top R&B / Hip Hop Albums chart on the Billboard Year-End chart for 1999 . As a single , `` Back That Azz Up '' was released , credited , and charted as the more censored `` Back That Thang Up '' . Also the album features a bonus remix of the single `` Ha '' with New York rapper Jay-Z , the only guest appearance outside of Cash Money and the 1st time Ca $ h Money collaborated with an east coast rapper on a song . As of 2013 , 400 Degreez has sold well over 5 million copies worldwide . The album won R&B Album Of The Year at the 1999 Billboard Music Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "71e7c24cd12c3d32ed2a56ebf5780e85", "text": "Nastradamus Nastradamus is the fourth studio album by American rapper Nas , released November 23 , 1999 on Columbia Records in the United States . It was originally scheduled to be released as a follow-up album composed of material from recording sessions for his third album , I Am ... ( 1999 ) on October 26 , 1999 . Due to bootlegging of the material , Nas recorded separate songs for Nastradamus to meet its November release date . In 1998 , Nas started recording his third album under the title I Am ... with intentions to be a double-disc album . Due to bootleg , he cut out some songs and released it as a single disc in 1999 . Months later , Columbia Records decided to release the left out material as a follow up album , however Nas decided to record all new material under the title Nastradamus . The album debuted at # 7 on the Billboard 200 chart , selling 232,000 copies in its first week . Upon its release , Nastradamus received generally mixed reviews from most music critics , and it has been regarded as Nas 's weakest effort . Despite its mixed reception , it achieved considerable commercial success and spawned two charting singles . On December 22 , 1999 , the album was certified Platinum in sales by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) . This album includes one of the earliest shots fired in the soon-to-be epic Jay-Z/Nas feud . On `` What You Think of That '' Jay 's protege Memphis Bleek says `` I ` mma ball till I fall / What you think of that ? '' On Nastradamus ' title track , Nas raps `` You wan na ball till you fall ? / I can help you with that / You want beef ? / I could let a slug melt in your hat '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1ccec1b92d1c141b81edde97b10c7e5b", "text": "Radio (LL Cool J album) Radio is the debut studio album by American rapper LL Cool J , released November 18 , 1985 on Def Jam Recordings in the United States . It serves as the label 's first full-length album release . Recording sessions for the album took place during 1984 to 1985 at Chung King House of Metal in New York City . The album was primarily produced by Rick Rubin , who provided a sparse and minimal production style . Radio also features a sound that is punctuated by DJ scratching , mostly brief samples , and emphasis of the downbeat . LL Cool J 's b-boy lyricism conveys themes of inner city culture , teenage promiscuity , and braggadocio raps . The album experienced a significant amount of commercial success and sales for a hip hop record at the time , earning U.S. Billboard chart success and selling over 500,000 copies within its first five months of release . On April 19 , 1989 , Radio was certified platinum in sales by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) , following sales in excess of one million copies in the United States . Initial criticism of the album was generally positive , as LL Cool J 's lyricism and Rick Rubin 's production were praised by several music critics . It has since been recognized by critics as LL Cool J 's greatest work . Reflecting the new school and ghettoblaster subculture in the U.S. during the mid-1980s , Radio belongs to a pivotal moment in the history and culture of hip hop . Its success contributed to the displacement of the old school with the new school form and to the genre 's mainstream success during the period . Its success also served as a career breakthrough for LL Cool J and Rick Rubin . Radio has been recognized by music writers as one of the first cohesive and commercially successful hip hop albums .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9076feac010f59f9f06b321b736526d3", "text": "The Art of Storytelling (Dirty album) The Art of Storytelling is the sixth album released by rap group , Dirty . It was released on June 12 , 2007 through Rap-a-Lot Records and was produced by Terrence Cash and James Prince . The Art of Storytelling only made it to # 40 on the Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums , becoming their only major studio album to not make it to the Billboard 200 . This would mark Dirty 's final album with Rap-a-Lot Records as the duo chose to leave label after this album 's release .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dffc667205f669308824bb2f2405be3e", "text": "DJ Drama Tyree Cinque Simmons ( born April 22 , 1978 ) , professionally known as DJ Drama , is an American disc jockey ( DJ ) and record executive from Philadelphia , Pennsylvania . He initially gained recognition as the official DJ for Atlanta-based rapper T.I. . He is perhaps best known for hosting several mixtapes , most notably his successful Gangsta Grillz series . He is also known for doing the Dedication series with New Orleans-bred rapper Lil Wayne , with the New York Times calling Dedication 2 , one of the `` 10 best recordings of 2006 '' . DJ Drama along with DJ Sense , founded Aphilliates Music Group , in 2003 . The Aphilliates Music Group signed a joint venture deal with Asylum Records in 2006 . As of January 2011 , The Aphilliates now operates as its own entity , due to DJ Drama recently cutting ties with La the Darkman and Embassy Entertainment . In December 2007 , Drama released his first studio album , Gangsta Grillz : The Album , under Atlantic Records , as well as T.I. 's label , Grand Hustle Records . His second album was the sequel Gangsta Grillz : The Album ( Vol . 2 ) , which was released in May 2009 , under Atlantic and Grand Hustle . After leaving Grand Hustle and Atlantic to focus on Aphilliates Music Group , Drama released his third album Third Power , under E1 Music and Aphilliates . In October 2012 , Drama released his fourth album Quality Street Music , under E1 and Aphilliates . In January 2014 , it was announced that DJ Drama was the new A&R for Atlantic Records . On July 22 , 2016 , he released his fifth album Quality Street Music 2 .", "title": "" } ]
fever
2b173db84659e22d67edc3583f2c5598
Plato was not an innovator.
[ { "docid": "e4758e56211d791d0f7ae9fdec5f802f", "text": "Plato Plato ( -LSB- ˈpleɪtoʊ -RSB- Greek : Πλάτων Plátōn , -LSB- plá.tɔːn -RSB- in Classical Attic ; 428/427 or 424/423 -- 348/347 BCE ) was a philosopher in Classical Greece and the founder of the Academy in Athens , the first institution of higher learning in the Western world . He is widely considered the most pivotal figure in the development of philosophy , especially the Western tradition . Unlike nearly all of his philosophical contemporaries , Plato 's entire work is believed to have survived intact for over 2,400 years . Along with his teacher , Socrates , and his most famous student , Aristotle , Plato laid the very foundations of Western philosophy and science . Alfred North Whitehead once noted : `` the safest general characterization of the European philosophical tradition is that it consists of a series of footnotes to Plato . '' In addition to being a foundational figure for Western science , philosophy , and mathematics , Plato has also often been cited as one of the founders of Western religion and spirituality . Plato 's influence on Christianity is often thought to be mediated by his major influence on Saint Augustine of Hippo , one of the most important philosophers and theologians in the foundation of the Western thought . In the 19th century the philosopher Nietzsche criticized Christianity by saying it 's `` Platonism for the people '' . Numenius of Apamea viewed this differently , he called Plato the Hellenic Moses . This would justify the superiority of Christianity over Hellenism because Moses predates Plato - thus the original source of this wisdom is the root of Christianity and not Hellenistic culture . Plato was the innovator of the written dialogue and dialectic forms in philosophy . Plato appears to have been the founder of Western political philosophy , with his Republic , and Laws among other dialogues , providing some of the earliest extant treatments of political questions from a philosophical perspective . Plato 's own most decisive philosophical influences are usually thought to have been Socrates , Parmenides , Heraclitus and Pythagoras , although few of his predecessors ' works remain extant and much of what we know about these figures today derives from Plato himself . The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy describes Plato as '' ... one of the most dazzling writers in the Western literary tradition and one of the most penetrating , wide-ranging , and influential authors in the history of philosophy . ... He was not the first thinker or writer to whom the word `` philosopher '' should be applied . But he was so self-conscious about how philosophy should be conceived , and what its scope and ambitions properly are , and he so transformed the intellectual currents with which he grappled , that the subject of philosophy , as it is often conceived -- a rigorous and systematic examination of ethical , political , metaphysical , and epistemological issues , armed with a distinctive method -- can be called his invention . Few other authors in the history of Western philosophy approximate him in depth and range : perhaps only Aristotle ( who studied with him ) , Aquinas and Kant would be generally agreed to be of the same rank . ''", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "1aa3b0df9240e4f83db9bdf182950f42", "text": "Classical economics Classical economics ( also known as liberal economics ) asserts that markets function best with minimal government interference . It was developed in the late 18th and early 19th century by Adam Smith , Jean-Baptiste Say , David Ricardo , Thomas Robert Malthus , and John Stuart Mill . Many writers found Adam Smith 's idea of free markets more convincing than the idea , widely accepted at the time , of protectionism . Adam Smith 's The Wealth of Nations in 1776 is usually considered to mark the beginning of classical economics . The fundamental message in Smith 's influential book was that the wealth of nations was based not on gold but on trade : That when two parties freely agree to exchange things of value , because both see a profit in the exchange , total wealth increases . Classical economics originally differed from modern libertarian economics in seeing a role for the state in providing for the common good . Smith acknowledged that there were areas where the market is not the best way to serve the common good , and he took it as a given that the greater proportion of the costs supporting the common good should be borne by those best able to afford them . Classical economists observe that markets generally regulate themselves , when free of coercion . Adam Smith referred to this as a metaphorical `` invisible hand '' , which refers to the notion that private incentives are aligned with society welfare maximization under certain competitive conditions . Smith warned repeatedly of the dangers of monopoly , and stressed the importance of competition . There is some debate about what is covered by the term `` classical economics '' , particularly when dealing with the period from 1830 -- 75 , and how classical economics relates to Neoclassical economics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2561e3579e393cbabfa7a638a5406d0f", "text": "List of disproved mathematical ideas In mathematics , ideas are supposedly not accepted as fact until they have been rigorously proved . However , there have been some ideas that were fairly accepted in the past but which were subsequently shown to be false . This article is meant to serve as a repository for compiling a list of such ideas . The idea of the Pythagoreans that all numbers can be expressed as a ratio of two whole numbers . This was disproved by one of Pythagoras ' own disciples , Hippasus , who showed that the square root of two is what we today call an irrational number . One story claims that he was thrown off the ship in which he and some other Pythagoreans were sailing because his discovery was too heretical . Fermat conjectured that all numbers of the form ( what we call Fermat numbers ) were prime . This , however , was disproved by Euler . The idea that transcendental numbers were unusual . Disproved by Georg Cantor who showed that there are so many transcendental numbers that it is impossible to make a one-to-one mapping between them and the algebraic numbers . In other words , the cardinality of the set of transcendentals ( denoted ) is greater than that of the set of algebraic numbers . Bernhard Riemann , at the end of his famous 1859 paper `` On the Number of Primes Less Than a Given Magnitude '' , stated ( based on his results ) that the logarithmic integral gives a somewhat too high estimate of the prime-counting function . The evidence also seemed to indicate this . However , in 1914 J. E. Littlewood proved that this was not always the case , and in fact it is now known that the first x for which occurs somewhere before 10317 . See Skewes ' number for more detail . Naïvely it might be expected that a continuous function must have a derivative or else that the set of points where it is not differentiable should be `` small '' in some sense . This was disproved in 1872 by Karl Weierstrass , using earlier found examples of functions that were continuous but nowhere differentiable ( see Weierstrass function ) . According to Weierstrass in his paper , earlier mathematicians including Gauss had often assumed that such functions did not exist . It was conjectured in 1919 by George Pólya , based on the evidence , that most numbers less than any particular limit have an odd number of prime factors . However , this Pólya conjecture was disproved in 1958 . It turns out that for some values of the limit ( such as values a bit more than 906 million ) , most numbers less than the limit have an even number of prime factors . Erik Christopher Zeeman tried for 7 years to prove that one can not untie a knot on a 4-sphere . Then one day he decided to try to prove the opposite , and succeeded in a few hours . A `` theorem '' of Jan-Erik Roos in 1961 stated that in an -LSB- AB4 * -RSB- abelian category , lim1 vanishes on Mittag-Leffler sequences . This `` theorem '' was used by many people since then , but it was disproved by counterexample in 2002 by Amnon Neeman .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1a14500e7aff9f5e667d04cbe3d73bd4", "text": "Protagoras (dialogue) Protagoras ( -LSB- proʊˈtæɡərəs -RSB- Πρωταγόρας ) is a dialogue by Plato . The traditional subtitle ( which may or may not be Plato 's ) is `` or the Sophists '' . The main argument is between the elderly Protagoras , a celebrated Sophist , and Socrates . The discussion takes place at the home of Callias , who is host to Protagoras while he is in town , and concerns the nature of Sophists , the unity and the teachability of virtue . A total of twenty-one people are named as present .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e9e7b6935b849b48c99b8bfeb97e7965", "text": "Baruch Spinoza Baruch Spinoza ( -LSB- bəˈruːk_spɪˈnoʊzə -RSB- -LSB- baːˈrux spɪˈnoːzaː -RSB- ; born Benedito de Espinosa , -LSB- bɨnɨˈðitu ðɨ ʃpiˈnɔzɐ -RSB- ; 24 November 1632 -- 21 February 1677 , later Benedict de Spinoza ) was a Dutch philosopher of Sephardi/Portuguese origin . By laying the groundwork for the 18th-century Enlightenment and modern biblical criticism , including modern conceptions of the self and the universe , he came to be considered one of the great rationalists of 17th-century philosophy . Spinoza 's magnum opus , Ethics , was published posthumously in 1677 . The work opposed René Descartes ' philosophy on mind -- body dualism , and earned Spinoza recognition as one of Western philosophy 's most important thinkers . In the Ethics , `` Spinoza wrote the last indisputable Latin masterpiece , and one in which the refined conceptions of medieval philosophy are finally turned against themselves and destroyed entirely . '' Hegel said , `` You are either a Spinozist or not a philosopher at all . '' His philosophical accomplishments and moral character prompted 20th-century philosopher Gilles Deleuze to name him `` the ` prince ' of philosophers '' . Spinoza 's given name , which means `` Blessed '' , varies among different languages . In Hebrew , it is written . In Portuguese , he 's called Benedito `` Bento '' de Espinosa and in -LSB- Benedictus de Spinoza , links = no -RSB- . Spinoza was raised in a Portuguese Jewish community in Amsterdam . He developed highly controversial ideas regarding the authenticity of the Hebrew Bible and the nature of the Divine . Jewish religious authorities issued a herem against him , causing him to be effectively shunned by Jewish society at age 23 . His books were also later put on the Catholic Church 's Index of Forbidden Books . Spinoza lived an outwardly simple life as a lens grinder , turning down rewards and honours throughout his life , including prestigious teaching positions . He died at the age of 44 allegedly of a lung illness , perhaps tuberculosis or silicosis exacerbated by the inhalation of fine glass dust while grinding optical lenses . He is buried in the churchyard of the Christian Nieuwe Kerk in The Hague .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "196750fa372d3c990546068a0fbdf6ab", "text": "Proto-industrialization Proto-industrialization ( also spelled proto-industrialisation ) was a possible phase in the development of modern industrial economies that preceded , and created conditions for , the establishment of fully industrial societies . Proto-industrialisation is generally referred to the phase before industrialisation . Proto-industrialization was marked by the increasing involvement of agrarian families in market-oriented craft production , mainly through the putting-out system organized by merchant capitalists . It was an effective method of production which was controlled by merchants and had links to developing European consumerism . However , the phase was not observed across Europe , and nor did it always smoothly transition into the Industrial Revolution proper . The term was coined by F. F. Mendels in 1972 , though a UNESCO colloquium on the 10th anniversary of the deaths of Einstein and Teilhard de Chardin and published in 1971 discusses `` the basis for proto-industrialization '' . The applicability of proto-industrialization in Europe has since been challenged . M.J. Daunton , for example , argues that proto-industrialisation `` excludes too much '' to fully explain the expansion of industry : not only do proponents of proto-industrialisation ignore the vital town-based industries in pre-industrial economies , but also ignores `` rural and urban industry based upon non-domestic organisation , '' referring to how mines , mills , forges and furnaces fit into the agrarian economy . Initially using surplus labor available during slow periods of the agricultural seasons , proto-industrialization led to specialization - not only in industrial production but also in commercial agricultural production . This allowed reciprocal trade favored by regional economies of scale . It resulted in accumulation of capital and in the acquisition of entrepreneurial skills by merchant capitalists , which facilitated the development of large-scale , and capital-intensive production methods in the full industrialization phase that followed . Proto-industrialization sparked social changes in traditional agrarian societies that would become more marked during full industrialization , such as greater independence of women and children , who gained a means of income separate from the family subsistence farm . During this phase of industrialisation , machines were not used . They were not even invented at that time . People could only use their hands or any hand-made material to produce required goods .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "820315141a287d7d4c404d722c6b7c54", "text": "A History of Philosophy (Copleston) A History of Philosophy is an eleven-volume history of Western philosophy written by English Jesuit priest Frederick Charles Copleston . Copleston 's History provides extensive coverage of Western philosophy from the Pre-Socratics through Dewey , Russell , Moore , Sartre and Merleau-Ponty . The first nine volumes , originally published between 1946 and 1974 , were written for Catholic seminary students with the goal `` of supplying Catholic ecclesiastical seminaries with a work that should be somewhat more detailed and of wider scope than the textbooks , commonly in use , and which at the same time should endeavour to exhibit the logical development and interconnection of philosophical systems . '' A tenth volume was added in 1986 , and the eleventh is actually a collection of essays which appeared in 1956 as Contemporary Philosophy . Throughout the eleven volumes Copleston 's Roman Catholic ( Thomist ) point of view is never hidden . All the same , it seems generally accepted that Copleston 's treatment is fair and complete , even for philosophical positions that he does not support .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "09a27f48ead167a79fe0f39d90b1fe3a", "text": "Pseudorationalism Pseudorationalism was the label given by economist and philosopher Otto Neurath to a school of thought that he was heavily critical of , throughout many of his writings but primarily in his 1913 paper `` The lost wanderers of Descartes and the auxiliary motive '' and later to a lesser extent in his 1935 `` Pseudorationalismus der Falsifikation '' , a review of and attack on Popper 's first book , Logik der Forschung ( The Logic of Scientific Discovery ) , contrasting this approach with his own view of what rationalism should properly be . Neurath aimed his criticism at a Cartesian belief that all actions can be subject to rational analysis , saying that Neurath considered that `` pseudo-rationalists '' , be they philosophers or scientists , made the mistake of assuming that a complete rational system could be devised for the laws of nature . He argued rather that no system could be complete , being based upon an picture of reality that could only ever be incomplete and imperfect . Pseudo-rationalism , in Neurath 's view , was a refusal or simple inability to face up to the limits of rationality and reason . `` Rationalism '' , he wrote , `` sees its chief triumph in the clear recognition of the limits of actual insight . '' . Whereas a pseudorationalist acknowledges no such limits , but rather contents that all decisions can be subject to the rules of insight . Scientific method is , according to Neurath , pseudorationalist where it contends that the rules for the scientific method will always lead ever closer to the truth . Neurath further challenged Cartesian `` pseudorationalism '' by asserting that operating upon incomplete data was in fact the norm , where Cartesian thinking would have it be the rare exception . Rather than there being one , final , rational answer to any given problem , Neurath asserted that scientific endeavour required a continuing and never ending series of choices , made so in part because of the ambiguity of language .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ccc34428c2c2739d8d2ac80612ee2776", "text": "African philosophy African philosophy is philosophy produced by African people , philosophy that presents African worldviews , or philosophy that uses distinct African philosophical methods . Although African philosophers may be found in the various academic fields of philosophy , such as metaphysics , epistemology , moral philosophy , and political philosophy , much of the modern African philosophy has been concerned with defining the ethnophilosophical parameters of African philosophy and identifying what differentiates it from other philosophical traditions . One of the implicit assumptions of ethnophilosophy is that a specific culture can have a philosophy that is not applicable and accessible to all peoples and cultures in the world , however this concept is disputed by traditional philosophers . Furthermore , in A Discourse on African Philosophy : A New Perspective on Ubuntu and Transitional Justice in South Africa , Christian B. N. Gade argues that the ethnophilosophical approach to African philosophy as a static group property is highly problematic . His research on ubuntu presents an alternative collective discourse on African philosophy ( `` collective '' in the sense that it does not focus on any individual in particular ) that takes differences , historical developments , and social contexts seriously . Father of African Philosophy , Uzodinma Nwala , prior to his employment to teach at UNN , there was nothing called African Philosophy as course of study in any university . `` All we were taught as students were Western philosophy . Nothing like African philosophy existed anywhere . In fact , many years after the introduction of the courses , there still remained arguments among experts , whether there was really African Philosophy '' . He was awarded the Aime Cesiare award in 2013 at the University of Abuja . African Philosophy can be formally defined as a critical thinking by Africans on their experiences of reality . Nigerian born Philosopher K.C. Anyanwu defined African philosophy as `` that which concerns itself with the way in which African people of the past and present make sense of their destiny and of the world in which they live . '' In this regard , African philosophy is a critical reflection on African leaderships in the administration of their duties towards their citizens ; the morally blameworthiness or praiseworthiness of it . It will also provide possible solutions to the problems experienced in African governances . As a rational critical inquiry on Africans and their worlds , it is consequently the task of African philosophy and of African philosophers to make the uncoordinated coordinated , the uncritical critical and the inarticulate articulate , particularly of the preliterate Africa . One of the most basic disagreements concerns what exactly the term ` African ' qualifies : the content of the philosophy and the distinctive methods employed , or the identities of the philosophers . On the former view , philosophy counts as African if it involves African themes such as perceptions of time , personhood , space and other subjects , or uses methods that are defined as distinctively African . In the latter view , African philosophy is any philosophy produced by Africans or by people of African descent , and others engaged in critiques or analysis of their works . Nigerian philosopher Joseph I. Omoregbe broadly defines a philosopher as one who attempts to understand the world 's phenomena , the purpose of human existence , the nature of the world , and the place of human beings in that world . This form of natural philosophy is identifiable in Africa even before individual African philosophers can be distinguished in the sources .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "695fded8297171fdaee41fc9d1c4a695", "text": "A Short History of Ethics A Short History of Ethics : A History of Moral Philosophy from the Homeric Age to the Twentieth Century is a 1966 book on the history of moral philosophy by the Scottish philosopher Alasdair MacIntyre . It is the first of a series of books by MacIntyre on the history and development of ethics . The book covers Greek ethics including Plato and Aristotle , Christian moral thought including the work of Martin Luther and writers including Niccolò Machiavelli , Montesquieu , Edmund Burke , Immanuel Kant , David Hume , Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel , Karl Marx , Søren Kierkegaard , Arthur Schopenhauer and Friedrich Nietzsche . MacIntyre also discusses twentieth century philosophers including G. E. Moore , John Dewey and R. M. Hare . According to a review in The Journal of Philosophy , one of MacIntyre 's primary theses in the book is that `` moral concepts change as social life changes '' and therefore philosophers who believe there is one subject of ethical inquiry are mistaken . A review in the British Journal of Educational Studies describes the book as a `` stimulating , if highly impressionistic , account of the history of ethics written from the point of view of his own convictions about the state of moral concepts '' . In a review for The Philosophical Review , J. B. Schneewind describes the work as a `` brilliant and provocative book '' that is `` not so much a history of ethics as an essay about the history of ethics '' . Schneewind criticises some elements of the book , noting the absence of any discussion of Henry Sidgwick and also noting MacIntyre 's lack of references or bibliography or of careful exposition of some of the issues of interpretation in the history of ethics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "03088ef7e5af4463cc89bcbd2b3b21f9", "text": "Hippias Hippias of Elis ( -LSB- ˈhɪpiəs -RSB- Ἱππίας ὁ Ἠλεῖος late 5th century BC ) was a Greek sophist , and a contemporary of Socrates . With an assurance characteristic of the later sophists , he claimed to be regarded as an authority on all subjects , and lectured on poetry , grammar , history , politics , mathematics , and much else . Most of our knowledge of him is derived from Plato , who characterizes him as vain and arrogant .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ec6ab0999f822ff2d1f99260ca6072b3", "text": "Hobbes–Wallis controversy The Hobbes -- Wallis controversy was a polemic debate that continued from the mid-1650s well into the 1670s , between the philosopher Thomas Hobbes and the mathematician John Wallis . It was sparked by De corpore , a philosophical work by Hobbes in the general area of physics . The book contained not only a theory of mathematics subordinating it to geometry and geometry to kinematics , but a claimed proof of the squaring of the circle by Hobbes . While Hobbes retracted this particular proof , he returned to the topic with other attempted proofs . A pamphleteering exchange continued for decades . It drew in the newly formed Royal Society , and its experimental philosophy , to which Hobbes was ( on principle ) opposed . The sustained nature of the exchanges can be attributed to several strands of the intellectual situation of the time . In mathematics there were open issues , namely the priority ( pedagogic , or theoretical ) to be assigned to geometry and algebra ; and the status of algebra itself , which ( from an English standpoint ) had been pulled together by the text of William Oughtred , as more than a collection of symbolic abbreviations . Socially , the formation of the group of Royal Society members , and the status of the publication Philosophical Transactions , was brought to a point as the quarrel proceeded , with Hobbes playing the outsider versus the self-selecting guild . Hobbes was an easy target , on the ground chosen by Wallis . The failure of his attempts to solve the impossible problems he set himself were inevitable , but he neither backed down completely , nor applied adequate self-criticism . And on the level of character , Wallis was as intransigent as Hobbes was dogmatic , and this inflicted damage on both of their reputations . Quentin Skinner writes : `` There is no doubt that at the personal level Wallis behaved badly ( as was widely conceded at the time ) . '' Part of the significance of the controversy is that Hobbes felt that , in the later stages , the Royal Society was in some way complicit in the attacks from Wallis , despite the fact that he had many friends as Fellows in it . This attitude presented one of the obstacles to Hobbes himself becoming a member , though not the only one .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ef1d55dc332e60aa00790988abb547c", "text": "Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society Philosophical Transactions , titled Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society ( Phil . Trans . ) from 1776 , is a scientific journal published by the Royal Society . In its earliest days , it was a private venture of the Royal Society 's secretary . It became an official society publication in 1752 . It was established in 1665 , making it the first journal in the world exclusively devoted to science , and therefore also the world 's longest-running scientific journal . The use of the word `` Philosophical '' in the title refers to `` natural philosophy '' , which was the equivalent of what would now be generally called `` science '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2a540bb1faa31e05df879e6f5aa58906", "text": "Early Islamic philosophy Early Islamic philosophy or classical Islamic philosophy is a period of intense philosophical development beginning in the 2nd century AH of the Islamic calendar ( early 9th century CE ) and lasting until the 6th century AH ( late 12th century CE ) . The period is known as the Islamic Golden Age , and the achievements of this period had a crucial influence in the development of modern philosophy and science ; for Renaissance Europe , the influence represented `` one of the largest technology transfers in world history . '' . This period starts with al-Kindi in the 9th century and ends with Averroes ( Ibn Rushd ) at the end of 12th century . The death of Averroes effectively marks the end of a particular discipline of Islamic philosophy usually called the Peripatetic Arabic School , and philosophical activity declined significantly in Western Islamic countries , namely in Islamic Spain and North Africa , though it persisted for much longer in the Eastern countries , in particular Persia and India where several schools of philosophy continued to flourish : Avicennism , Illuminationist philosophy , Mystical philosophy , and Transcendent theosophy . Some of the significant achievements of early Muslim philosophers included the development of a strict science of citation , the isnad or `` backing '' ; the development of a method of open inquiry to disprove claims , the ijtihad , which could be generally applied to many types of questions ( although which to apply it to is an ethical question ) ; the willingness to both accept and challenge authority within the same process ; recognition that science and philosophy are both subordinate to morality , and that moral choices are prior to any investigation or concern with either ; the separation of theology ( kalam ) and law ( shariah ) during the early Abbasid period , a precursor to secularism ; the distinction between religion and philosophy , marking the beginning of secular thought ; the beginning of a peer review process ; early ideas on evolution ; the beginnings of the scientific method , an important contribution to the philosophy of science ; the introduction of temporal modal logic and inductive logic ; the beginning of social philosophy , including the formulation of theories on social cohesion and social conflict ; the beginning of the philosophy of history ; the development of the philosophical novel and the concepts of empiricism and tabula rasa ; and distinguishing between essence and existence . Saadia Gaon , David ben Merwan al-Mukkamas , Maimonides , and Thomas Aquinas , were influenced by the Mutazilite work , particularly Avicennism and Averroism , and the Renaissance and the use of empirical methods were inspired at least in part by Arabic translations of Greek , Jewish , Persian and Egyptian works translated into Latin during the Renaissance of the 12th century , and taken during the Reconquista in 1492 . Early Islamic philosophy can be divided into clear sets of influences , branches , schools , and fields , as described below .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "10bb6fa89fc71878b921de7fe8166859", "text": "An Outline of Modern Knowledge An Outline of Modern Knowledge , published by Victor Gollancz in 1931 , was an `` omnibus '' volume intended to survey the full range of human knowledge . It was the first such volume to include entirely new material . Editor William Rose solicited leading authorities of the time , including Roger Fry , C. G. Seligman , Maurice Dobb , F. J. C. Hearnshaw , G. D. H. Cole , J. C. Flügel , R. R. Marett , and J. W. N. Sullivan among others , to contribute informative essays written for the common reader . The publishers explained their reasons for creating such a volume in their spring 1931 list of their latest titles : `` Because in our view there has been steadily growing , during the last twelve years , a desire to know which has had no parallel since the Renaissance , and which is now felt by relatively a far larger class of men and women than it was then . Under the surface of a vulgarity , a triviality , and a noisiness which ( because they have been the most blatant ) have seemed the most characteristic stigmata of our time , everywhere and in ever-widening circles educated people have been becoming philosophers -- have wished to understand as clearly as they might the meaning of their own life and that of the Universe . '' The twenty-four articles carried the reader through the subjects of science , philosophy , religion , sex , mathematics , astronomy , biology , anthropology , cosmogony , psychology , psycho-analysis , archaeology , economics , politics , finance , industry , internationalism , history , ethnology , geography , literary criticism , music , architecture , painting and sculpture . Category : Encyclopedias of history Category : English-language encyclopedias Category :1931 books Category : British encyclopedias", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7becbb9b7554a4d6bd57cce1a896347b", "text": "Theophrastus Theophrastus ( -LSB- ˌθiːəˈfræstəs -RSB- Θεόφραστος Theόphrastos ; c. 371 -- c. 287 BC ) , a Greek native of Eresos in Lesbos , was the successor to Aristotle in the Peripatetic school . He came to Athens at a young age and initially studied in Plato 's school . After Plato 's death , he attached himself to Aristotle who took to Theophrastus his writings . When Aristotle fled Athens , Theophrastus took over as at the Lyceum . Theophrastus presided over the Peripatetic school for thirty-six years , during which time the school flourished greatly . He is often considered the `` father of botany '' for his works on plants . After his death , the Athenians honoured him with a public funeral . His successor as head of the school was Strato of Lampsacus . The interests of Theophrastus were wide ranging , extending from biology and physics to ethics and metaphysics . His two surviving botanical works , Enquiry into Plants ( Historia Plantarum ) and On the Causes of Plants , were an important influence on Renaissance science . There are also surviving works On Moral Characters , On Sensation , On Stones , and fragments on Physics and Metaphysics . In philosophy , he studied grammar and language and continued Aristotle 's work on logic . He also regarded space as the mere arrangement and position of bodies , time as an accident of motion , and motion as a necessary consequence of all activity . In ethics , he regarded happiness as depending on external influences as well as on virtue .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d052265c5261b9731342cddf3531bf0", "text": "Greek language Greek ( Modern Greek : ελληνικά -LSB- eliniˈka -RSB- , elliniká , `` Greek '' , ελληνική γλώσσα -LSB- eliniˈci ˈɣlosa -RSB- , ellinikí glóssa , `` Greek language '' ) is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages , native to Greece and other parts of the Eastern Mediterranean . It has the longest documented history of any living language , spanning 34 centuries of written records . Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the major part of its history ; other systems , such as Linear B and the Cypriot syllabary , were used previously . The alphabet arose from the Phoenician script and was in turn the basis of the Latin , Cyrillic , Armenian , Coptic , Gothic and many other writing systems . The Greek language holds an important place in the history of the Western world and Christianity ; the canon of ancient Greek literature includes seminal works in the Western canon such as the epic poems Iliad and Odyssey . Greek is also the language in which many of the foundational texts in science , especially astronomy , mathematics and logic , and Western philosophy , such as the Platonic dialogues and the works of Aristotle , are composed ; the New Testament of the Christian Bible was written in Koiné Greek . Together with the Latin texts and traditions of the Roman world , the study of the Greek texts and society of antiquity constitutes the discipline of Classics . During antiquity , Greek was a widely spoken lingua franca in the Mediterranean world and many places beyond . It would eventually become the official parlance of the Byzantine Empire and develop into Medieval Greek . In its modern form , the Greek language is the official language in two countries , Greece and Cyprus , a recognised minority language in seven other countries , and is one of the 24 official languages of the European Union . The language is spoken by at least 13.2 million people today in Greece , Cyprus , Italy , Albania , Turkey , and the Greek diaspora . Greek roots are often used to coin new words for other languages ; Greek and Latin are the predominant sources of international scientific vocabulary .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b753e69f3504f43686b031d11054f58b", "text": "The central science Chemistry is often called the central science because of its role in connecting the physical sciences , which include chemistry , with the life sciences and applied sciences such as medicine and engineering . The nature of this relationship is one of the main topics in the philosophy of chemistry and in scientometrics . The phrase was popularized by its use in a textbook by Theodore L. Brown and H. Eugene LeMay , titled Chemistry : The Central Science , which was first published in 1977 , with a thirteenth edition published in 2014 . The central role of chemistry can be seen in the systematic and hierarchical classification of the sciences by Auguste Comte in which each discipline provides a more general framework for the area it precedes ( mathematics → astronomy → physics → chemistry → physiology and medicine → social sciences ) . Balaban and Klein have more recently proposed a diagram showing partial ordering of sciences in which chemistry may be argued is `` the central science '' since it provides a significant degree of branching . In forming these connections the lower field can not be fully reduced to the higher ones . It is recognized that the lower fields possess emergent ideas and concepts that do not exist in the higher fields of science . Thus chemistry is built on an understanding of laws of physics that govern particles such as atoms , protons , electrons , thermodynamics , etc. although it has been shown that it has not been `` fully ` reduced ' to quantum mechanics '' . Concepts such as the periodicity of the elements and chemical bonds in chemistry are emergent in that they are more than the underlying forces that are defined by physics . In the same way , biology can not be fully reduced to chemistry despite the fact that the machinery that is responsible for life is composed of molecules . For instance , the machinery of evolution may be described in terms of chemistry by the understanding that it is a mutation in the order of genetic base pairs in the DNA of an organism . However , chemistry can not fully describe the process since it does not contain concepts such as natural selection that are responsible for driving evolution . Chemistry is fundamental to biology since it provides a methodology for studying and understanding the molecules that compose cells . Connections made by chemistry are formed through various sub-disciplines that utilize concepts from multiple scientific disciplines . Chemistry and physics are both needed in the areas of physical chemistry , nuclear chemistry , and theoretical chemistry . Chemistry and biology intersect in the areas of biochemistry , medicinal chemistry , molecular biology , chemical biology , molecular genetics , and immunochemistry . Chemistry and the earth sciences intersect in areas like geochemistry and hydrology .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9ebd3589639904873a802ebc2b1f7714", "text": "Aesopian language Aesopian language is communications that convey an innocent meaning to outsiders but hold a concealed meaning to informed members of a conspiracy or underground movement . For instance , if Person X is known for exposing secrets in an organization , the organization leaders announce that `` any members who have dirty talking habits will be dealt with '' to warn Person X . It refers to the ancient Greek fabulist Aesop . The term `` Aesopian language '' was first used by the nineteenth-century Russian writer Mikhail Saltykov-Schedrin to describe the writing technique he began using late in his career , which he compared to Aesop 's Fables . His purpose was to satirize the social ills of the time but evade the harsh censorship of late Tsarist Russia of which he was a particular target . The Soviet-era writer Lev Loseff noted that the use of Aesopian language remained a favorite technique of writers ( including himself ) under Soviet censorship . Maliheh Tyrell defines the term in the Soviet context and observes that the use of Aesopian language extended to other national literatures under Soviet rule : `` In short , this form of literature , like Aesop 's animal fables , veils itself in allegorical suggestions , hints , and euphemisms so as to elude political censorship . ` Aesopian language ' or literature is a technical term used by Sovietologists to define allegorical language used by Russian or nationality -LSB- that is : non-Russian -RSB- nonconformist publicists to conceal antiregime sentiments . Under Soviet rule , this ` Aesopian ' literature intended to confuse the Soviet authorities , yet illuminate the truth for native readers . '' According to one critic , `` Censorship ... had a positive , formative impact upon the Aesopian writers ' style by obliging them to sharpen their thoughts . '' The German-American philosopher Herbert Marcuse uses the term in his book One-Dimensional Man somewhat interchangeably with Orwellian language . In that context , `` Aesopian Language '' refers to the idea that certain usages of language work to ` suppress certain concepts or keep them out of the general discourse within society ' . An example of such a technique is the use of abbreviations to possibly prevent undesirable questions from arising : `` AFL-CIO entombs the radical political differences which once separated the two organizations . '' Within the context of politics , a term with a very similar meaning is called dog-whistle politics , which describes the use of coded language to address voters ' interests . Certain sections of the electorate will react strongly to controversial content if spoken of overtly but may not be so attuned that they notice statements that appear neutral to outsiders .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d7962a01436f911a28e75d15bda5ebde", "text": "Orthodox Marxism Orthodox Marxism is the body of Marxist thought that emerged following the death of Karl Marx which became the official philosophy of the socialist movement as represented in the Second International until the First World War . Orthodox Marxism aims to simplify , codify and systematize Marxist methodology and theory , ironing out the perceived ambiguities and contradictions of Classical Marxism . The `` orthodoxy '' in orthodox Marxism specifically refers to the methodology of historical materialism and dialectical materialism employed and not to any of the normative aspects inherent to classical Marxism . `` Orthodox '' does not imply adherence to the results of Marx 's own investigations . The fundamental characteristics of orthodox Marxism include the understanding that material development ( advances in technology in the productive forces ) is the primary agent of change in the structure of society and human social relations , and that social systems and their relations ( e.g. : feudalism , capitalism , etc. ) become increasingly contradictory and inefficient as the productive forces advance , resulting in some form of social revolution arising in response to these mounting contradictions . This revolutionary change serves as the vehicle for fundamental society-wide changes and ultimately leads to the emergence of new economic systems .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "97021b90fbc17f96fa359d1ce250954b", "text": "Language Language is the ability to acquire and use complex systems of communication , particularly the human ability to do so , and a language is any specific example of such a system . The scientific study of language is called linguistics . Questions concerning the philosophy of language , such as whether words can represent experience , have been debated since Gorgias and Plato in Ancient Greece . Thinkers such as Rousseau have argued that language originated from emotions while others like Kant have held that it originated from rational and logical thought . 20th-century philosophers such as Wittgenstein argued that philosophy is really the study of language . Major figures in linguistics include Ferdinand de Saussure and Noam Chomsky . Estimates of the number of languages in the world vary between 5,000 and 7,000 . However , any precise estimate depends on a partly arbitrary distinction between languages and dialects . Natural languages are spoken or signed , but any language can be encoded into secondary media using auditory , visual , or tactile stimuli -- for example , in whistling , signed , or braille . This is because human language is modality-independent . Depending on philosophical perspectives regarding the definition of language and meaning , when used as a general concept , `` language '' may refer to the cognitive ability to learn and use systems of complex communication , or to describe the set of rules that makes up these systems , or the set of utterances that can be produced from those rules . All languages rely on the process of semiosis to relate signs to particular meanings . Oral , manual and tactile languages contain a phonological system that governs how symbols are used to form sequences known as words or morphemes , and a syntactic system that governs how words and morphemes are combined to form phrases and utterances . Human language has the properties of productivity and displacement , and relies entirely on social convention and learning . Its complex structure affords a much wider range of expressions than any known system of animal communication . Language is thought to have originated when early hominins started gradually changing their primate communication systems , acquiring the ability to form a theory of other minds and a shared intentionality . This development is sometimes thought to have coincided with an increase in brain volume , and many linguists see the structures of language as having evolved to serve specific communicative and social functions . Language is processed in many different locations in the human brain , but especially in Broca 's and Wernicke 's areas . Humans acquire language through social interaction in early childhood , and children generally speak fluently when they are approximately three years old . The use of language is deeply entrenched in human culture . Therefore , in addition to its strictly communicative uses , language also has many social and cultural uses , such as signifying group identity , social stratification , as well as social grooming and entertainment . Languages evolve and diversify over time , and the history of their evolution can be reconstructed by comparing modern languages to determine which traits their ancestral languages must have had in order for the later developmental stages to occur . A group of languages that descend from a common ancestor is known as a language family . The Indo-European family is the most widely spoken and includes languages as diverse as English , Russian and Hindi ; the Sino-Tibetan family , which includes Mandarin , Bodo and the other Chinese languages , and Tibetan ; the Afro-Asiatic family , which includes Arabic , Somali , and Hebrew ; the Bantu languages , which include Swahili , and Zulu , and hundreds of other languages spoken throughout Africa ; and the Malayo-Polynesian languages , which include Indonesian , Malay , Tagalog , and hundreds of other languages spoken throughout the Pacific . The languages of the Dravidian family that are spoken mostly in Southern India include Tamil and Telugu . Academic consensus holds that between 50 % and 90 % of languages spoken at the beginning of the 21st century will probably have become extinct by the year 2100 .", "title": "" } ]
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fc8e137ff09e3f0ec903c206286e1b35
Starbucks was made in 1971.
[ { "docid": "97f8a3d02b8f358835744e3866c55f97", "text": "Starbucks Starbucks Corporation is an American coffee company and coffeehouse chain . Starbucks was founded in Seattle , Washington in 1971 . As of November 2016 , it operates 23,768 locations worldwide , including 13,107 ( +170 ) in the United States , 2,204 ( +86 ) in China , 1,418 ( -12 ) in Canada , 1,160 ( +2 ) in Japan and 872 in South Korea ( bumping United Kingdom from 5th place ) ( Differences reflect growth since Jan 8 , 2016 ) . Starbucks is considered the main representative of `` second wave coffee '' , initially distinguishing itself from other coffee-serving venues in the US by taste , quality , and customer experience while popularizing darkly roasted coffee . Since the 2000s , third wave coffee makers have targeted quality-minded coffee drinkers with hand-made coffee based on lighter roasts , while Starbucks nowadays uses automated espresso machines for efficiency and safety reasons . Starbucks locations serve hot and cold drinks , whole-bean coffee , microground instant coffee known as VIA , espresso , caffe latte , full - and loose-leaf teas including Teavana tea products , Evolution Fresh juices , Frappuccino beverages , La Boulange pastries , and snacks including items such as chips and crackers ; some offerings ( including their annual fall launch of the Pumpkin Spice Latte ) are seasonal or specific to the locality of the store . Many stores sell pre-packaged food items , hot and cold sandwiches , and drinkware including mugs and tumblers ; select `` Starbucks Evenings '' locations offer beer , wine , and appetizers . Starbucks-brand coffee , ice cream , and bottled cold coffee drinks are also sold at grocery stores . Starbucks first became profitable in Seattle in the early 1980s . Despite an initial economic downturn with its expansion into the Midwest and British Columbia in the late 1980s , the company experienced revitalized prosperity with its entry into California in the early 1990s . The first Starbucks location outside North America opened in Tokyo in 1996 ; overseas properties now constitute almost one-third of its stores . The company opened an average of two new locations daily between 1987 and 2007 . On December 1 , 2016 , Howard Schultz announced he would resign as CEO effective in April 2017 and will be replaced by Kevin Johnson . Johnson assumed the role of CEO on April 3 , 2017 .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "e2ed8f681f643b58e41b7e2e6b7bf472", "text": "History of chocolate The history of chocolate begins in Mesoamerica . Fermented beverages made from chocolate date back to 1900 BC . The Aztecs believed that cacao seeds were the gift of Quetzalcoatl , the god of wisdom , and the seeds once had so much value that they were used as a form of currency . Originally prepared only as a drink , chocolate was served as a bitter , frothy liquid , mixed with spices , wine , or corn puree . It was believed to have aphrodisiac powers and to give the drinker strength . Today , such drinks are also known as `` Chilate '' and are made by locals in the South of Mexico . After its arrival to Europe in the sixteenth century , sugar was added to it and it became popular throughout society , first among the ruling classes and then among the common people . In the 20th century , chocolate was considered a staple , essential in the rations of United States soldiers at war . The word `` chocolate '' comes from the Classical Nahuatl word chocolātl , and entered the English language from the Spanish language .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ff838c34b14be5e4a8c346738d776c5c", "text": "Byrd Amendment (1971) The Byrd Amendment -- named for its author , Senator Harry F. Byrd , Jr. of Virginia -- was a 1971 amendment to the U.S. Federal Strategic and Critical Materials Stock Piling Act . It prohibited the US government from banning the importation of any strategic material from a non-communist country as long as the importation of the same materials from communist countries was also not prohibited . While it did not single out any particular country , it had the effect -- intended by its sponsors -- of creating an exception in the United States embargo of Rhodesia to enable the import of chromite ore from that country . Rhodesia , run by a mostly white minority government , was unrecognised internationally and under a United Nations-led trade boycott from 1965 following its Unilateral Declaration of Independence from Britain . Prior to the boycott , about 40 percent of US chrome came from Rhodesia , another 40 percent from the Soviet Union and the remaining 20 percent from South Africa , Turkey , Iran and elsewhere . Rhodesia had about 67 percent of the world 's reserves of chromium , which is a key component of stainless steel . The United States had formerly been a major importer of Rhodesian chrome , acquiring $ 5 million worth in 1965 , but ceased all imports following the imposition of sanctions . The loss of imports from Rhodesia led to the Soviet Union 's share of US chrome imports reaching a peak of 69 percent by 1968 . This situation was seen as undesirable in the light of Cold War considerations and was also opposed by an American network of pro-Rhodesian lobbyists and Congressmen , supported by American industrial concerns such as Union Carbide which stood to gain financially from a resumption in Rhodesian imports . The Byrd Amendment , despite breaching UN sanctions , was passed by the United States Congress to permit a resumption of Rhodesian chrome imports from January 1 , 1972 . It was signed by President Richard Nixon on November 17 , 1971 . The amendment enabled the resumption of trading not just in chrome but also in nickel and asbestos , with the US importing $ 13.3 million worth of the three commodities in 1972 . Even though the amendment was declared a violation of international law by Diggs v. Schultz in 1972 , the chrome trade continued ; by 1976 Rhodesia was estimated to be supplying 17 percent of US imports of chrome . The ongoing violation of sanctions attracted widespread condemnation and damaged relations with black African countries . US liberals and civil rights groups also opposed it , but the Nixon administration was indifferent towards their views . The Gerald Ford administration took a mildly opposed stance , with Secretary of State Henry Kissinger criticising the amendment in a speech given in the Zambian capital Lusaka , but did little to try to reverse it . An attempt by congressional liberals to repeal the amendment was defeated in 1975 by a margin of 187 votes to 209 . Despite the opposition and the legal findings against the amendment , it was not repealed until March 1977 , when newly elected President Jimmy Carter successfully pushed Congress to do so . The Ford administration had finally turned against the amendment in its last few months in 1976 and called for it to be repealed . The success of Carter 's administration in persuading Congress to go along with this was due to a significant degree to a collapse in industry support for the amendment , as it had had the side effect of letting in more ferrochrome than raw chromium and caused the collapse of half of the American ferrochrome industry . The Rhodesian government sought to put a brave face on the loss of the American market , announcing that it would have little economic impact , but it had a significant impact on the morale of the white minority government .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "154ef826d0dcf0a43b9dde53b43f021f", "text": "Standard drink A standard drink is a measure of alcohol consumption representing a hypothetical beverage which contains a fixed amount of pure alcohol . A standard drink varies in volume depending on the alcohol concentration of the beverage ( for example , a standard drink of spirits takes up much less space than a standard drink of beer ) , but it always contains the same amount of alcohol and therefore produces the same amount of drunkenness . For example , in the United States , a standard drink contains about 14 grams of alcohol . This roughly corresponds to a 12 USoz glass of beer , a 5 USoz glass of 12 % wine ( no longer the norm , however ) , or a 1.5 USoz glass of a spirit.Assuming that beer is 5 % alcohol by volume , wine is 12 % , and spirits is 40 % ( 80 proof ) . Different countries define standard drinks differently . For example , in Australia , a standard drink contains 10 grams of alcohol , but in Japan , it contains nearly 20 grams . In addition , a standard drink is often different from normal serving size in the country in which it is served . Labeling is usually required to give an indication of alcoholic content of a serving . Australia requires that `` the label on a package of an alcoholic beverage must include a statement of the number of standard drinks in the package '' . The term `` standard drink '' was used in the United Kingdom in the first guidelines ( 1984 ) that published `` safe limits '' for drinking , but this was replaced by reference to `` alcohol units '' in the 1987 guidelines and that term has been used in all subsequent UK guidance . A unit of alcohol is defined as 10 millilitres ( 8 grams ) of pure alcohol . This definition is independent of the strength ( % ABV ) and amount ( volume ) of any individual alcoholic beverage . The number of units of alcohol in a bottle or can ( and , optionally , the number of units in a typical serving ) are indicated on the drink container . Typical servings deliver 1 -- 3 units of alcohol .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "db70178eab21de685896dc86812a1e4d", "text": "Caribou Coffee Caribou Coffee Company is a specialty coffee and espresso retailer . Caribou Coffee is a Minnesota-based company ( owned by German holding company JAB ) that specializes in espresso beverages , their own blends of coffee , tea , sandwiches and bakery goods . There are more than 273 company-owned coffeehouses in 18 states and the District of Columbia , as well as 203 franchise locations in 10 countries .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "07c6541278469c1e6fad382b2c739b17", "text": "Café con piernas Café con piernas ( literally , Spanish for `` coffee with legs '' ) is a coffee shop style popular in Chile where the service staff consists of females dressed in clothing considered to be revealing . Coffee shops with waitresses serving in miniskirts and heels to businessmen had long been popular , but bikinis and similar attire accelerated the trend by the mid-1990s . The shops are very numerous and popular in Santiago . It is frequently noted that the shops seem to contradict Chile 's traditionally conservative culture . Generally the women walk on a raised catwalk behind the bar so as to maximize the view for patrons . Not all locations feature women in bikinis or lingerie , some have stayed with the traditional miniskirt and heels . Three well known café con piernas chains in Chile are Cafe do Brasil , Cafe Caribe and Cafe Haiti .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5745aee4f6302d0c4e0e8d022cbf36fb", "text": "Super Epsa Super Epsa is the former name of a supermarket chain in Lima , Peru , which was founded in 1953 by ALDO E OLCESE as Super Market S.A. . The importance of this Supermarket chain lies in that it was the first occurrence of an American-style supermarket in Perú . Aldo Olcese was born in Lima on December 29 , 1922 . His father was a hard working Italian-Genoese immigrant . Aldo went to the United States in 1946 to study Business Administration at the University of Texas at Austin and he graduated in 1950 . During his lifetime , as a student in the United States , he was impressed with one Super Market close to his residence where he frequently shopped together with his wife , and since then he thought it would be a great idea to carry out the same kind of self-service Super Market in Perú . In 1953 , and for the first time in the Peruvian History , the first supermarket was officially opened in Av Larco 670 , Miraflores , with great success . After 20 years in the Super Market business , the company opened a total of 14 supermarkets scattered throughout the Peruvian capital . Therefore , we can consider without any doubt , that Aldo E Olcese , was the pioneer or first person that brought the first self-service Super Market to Perú in 1953 . His great-grandson , Carlo Olcese , is former Eminent Archon Category : Supermarkets of Peru", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d02149b0f490b5c384a9ad93c86fdbe2", "text": "Capresso Capresso markets high-end coffeemakers , espresso machines , grinders , electric water kettles and frothers . The company is owned by Jura AG of Switzerland .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d10dc38bfca063031def43fe45e98dc", "text": "Ice cream Ice cream ( derived from earlier iced cream or cream ice ) is a sweetened frozen food typically eaten as a snack or dessert . It is usually made from dairy products , such as milk and cream , and often combined with fruits or other ingredients and flavors . It is typically sweetened with sugar or sugar substitutes . Typically , flavourings and colourings are added in addition to stabilizers . The mixture is stirred to incorporate air spaces and cooled below the freezing point of water to prevent detectable ice crystals from forming . The result is a smooth , semi-solid foam that is solid at very low temperatures ( < 35 ° F / 2 ° C ) . It becomes more malleable as its temperature increases . The meaning of the phrase `` ice cream '' varies from one country to another . Phrases such as `` frozen custard '' , `` frozen yogurt '' , `` sorbet '' , `` gelato '' and others are used to distinguish different varieties and styles . In some countries , such as the United States , the phrase `` ice cream '' applies only to a specific variety , and most governments regulate the commercial use of the various terms according to the relative quantities of the main ingredients , notably the amount of cream . Products that do not meet the criteria to be called ice cream are labelled `` frozen dairy dessert '' instead . In other countries , such as Italy and Argentina , one word is used for all variants . Analogues made from dairy alternatives , such as goat 's or sheep 's milk , or milk substitutes ( e.g. , soy milk or tofu ) , are available for those who are lactose intolerant , allergic to dairy protein , or vegan . Ice cream may be served in dishes , for eating with a spoon , or in cones , which are licked . Ice cream may be served with other desserts , such as apple pie . Ice cream is used to prepare other desserts , including ice cream floats , sundaes , milkshakes , ice cream cakes and even baked items , such as the Baked Alaska .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4525f4d6786af5c5ea8c0270dd7f9d1c", "text": "Oakland Coffee Works Oakland Coffee Works is a coffee company founded by Billie Joe Armstrong and Mike Dirnt of the rock band Green Day . Focusing on sustainability , it is the first coffee company in the world to offer only 100 % fully organic and compostable-packaged products . The Financial Times reported Oakland Coffee 's launch in December 2015 as was the world 's first fully compostable 12 oz . coffee bags and fully compostable single-serve coffee cups . Oakland Coffee sources their beans in the High Andes of Peru , and also in Bolivia and Honduras , and the coffee is organic and fair trade . Oakland Coffee also launched a grass roots charitable organization in 2013 , working in partnership with Crescendos Alliance to support communities in Peru in regions where the coffee beans are grown .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d59513c05af6788436ceaa71f0fc76c4", "text": "Boss Coffee is a brand name of canned and plastic bottled coffee and coffee-flavored beverages sold by Suntory in Japan . It was released in 1992 and is one of many brands of Japanese canned coffee .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ef9fd6195511e8550a8f4c8e345cbc73", "text": "Big Mac The Big Mac is a hamburger sold by international fast food restaurant chain McDonald 's . It was introduced in the Greater Pittsburgh area , United States , in 1967 and nationwide in 1968 . It is one of the company 's signature products .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ac5ce7e60d1bfbc0c9b3dd1c17b72442", "text": "Teavana Teavana is an American tea company with locations throughout the United States , Canada , Mexico , Puerto Rico , and the Middle East . On December 31 , 2012 , Starbucks acquired Teavana in a deal with an estimated value of $ 620 million .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f846aff22a65060b177b5629d1308731", "text": "Mason's Root Beer Mason 's Old Fashioned Root Beer is an American brand of root beer . It is owned by the Monarch Beverage Company of Atlanta , Georgia , but is not widely distributed . Mason 's Root Beer was first manufactured in 1947 by Mason & Mason , Inc. of Chicago , Illinois . During its early years , Mason 's Root Beer and flavors line were widely distributed in the Midwest as well as some Southern states . In 1970 , the Rheingold Corporation entered the soda pop business with the purchase of Grapette , changing the company 's name to Flavette . The Flavette division subsequently purchased the Dr. Wells soda pop brand and Mason & Mason , Inc. . In 1975 , Rheingold and its Flavette division were purchased by PepsiCo , Inc. in a hostile takeover . The Federal Trade Commission felt that PepsiCo owned too many brands and forced it to divest several of its brands . By 1978 , Mason 's Root Beer had been acquired by Monarch Beverage Company but was mostly shelved in favor of the higher-volume Dad 's brand of root beer , which Monarch acquired in 1986 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5b0d8e857f60f05e3b5e92e497536203", "text": "Kenco Kenco is a brand of instant coffee , and roast and ground coffee , distributed by Jacobs Douwe Egberts in the United Kingdom and Ireland . Originally known as the Kenya Coffee Company , they started distributing coffee to Britain in 1923 . Shortly after , they opened a coffee shop in Sloane Square and then changed their name to Kenco in 1962 . In 2008 the brand was relaunched with 75 % of the beans for its instant range being sourced from Rainforest Alliance certified farms . The company sources their coffee beans from Brazil , Costa Rica , Colombia , Peru , Ethiopia , Vietnam and Indonesia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4b6ce9fe37b791446414b8b5dab5dea", "text": "Bisco industries bisco industries was founded in Chicago , Illinois by Glen Ceiley on March 15 , 1973 . At the time , Glen F. Ceiley was the sole employee of bisco industries and assumed the following roles : purchasing agent , salesperson , shipper , receiver and bookkeeper . bisco industries is a supplier and distributor of fasteners , hardware , and electronic components . bisco industries serves customers in many industries including electronics , aerospace and fabrication . bisco industries has 48 locations throughout the United States and Canada which employ over 380 employees . In March 2010 , EACO corporation completed the acquisition of bisco industries , Inc. . Prior to the acquisition , Glen Ceiley was the sole shareholder of bisco industries and also controlled the majority of common stock issued by EACO . bisco industries performs day-to-day operations for EACO corporation which includes administration and accounting services . According to Global Purchasing , bisco industries is ranked 20th in the Top 50 Electronics Distributors of 2015 with $ 136.8 million in sales revenue . bisco industries launched a blog series called What is it ? Wednesday . The blog 's content focuses on educating readers on common electronic components and fasteners . The blogs contain information such as product descriptions , use applications , and technical resources for various products .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "76635c27ad7232ee14653eb97e681ca5", "text": "Home roasting coffee Home roasting is the process of roasting coffee from green coffee beans on a small scale for personal consumption . Home roasting of coffee has been practiced for centuries , using simple methods such as roasting in cast iron skillets over a wood fire and hand-turning small steel drums on a kitchen stovetop . Until the early 20th century it was more common to roast coffee at home than to buy pre-roasted coffee . Following World War I commercial coffee roasting became prevalent and , combined with the distribution of instant coffee , home roasting decreased substantially . In recent years there has been a revival in home roasting ; what was originally a necessity has now become a hobby . The attractions are four-fold : enjoying fresh , flavorful coffee ; experimenting with various beans and roasting methods ; perfecting the roasting process , and saving money . These hobbyists are being catered to by various sources including coffee suppliers selling green coffee in small quantities and manufacturers making counter-top roasters .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b052c6346d0867b2aa97c962539d2802", "text": "Singles 1971–2006 Singles 1971 -- 2006 is a box set compilation of singles by The Rolling Stones spanning the years 1971 to 2006 . It covers their output with both Rolling Stones Records and Virgin Records labels . A sequel of sorts to ABKCO 's three boxes of singles replicas from the mid-2000s ( Singles 1963 -- 1965 , Singles 1965 -- 1967 , Singles 1968 -- 1971 ) , Universal 's The Singles : 1971 -- 2006 is a 45-disc box set that offers single replicas of every 45 the Rolling Stones released between Sticky Fingers and A Bigger Bang . This first edition of the set contained a skip around the 4-second mark on the B-side , `` I Think I 'm Going Mad '' . The error was fixed in a subsequent edition .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fae2bd19c8fee7366400c33f9bdf0b82", "text": "Latte art Latte art is a method of preparing coffee created by pouring steamed milk into a shot of espresso and resulting in a pattern or design on the surface of the latte . It can also be created or embellished by simply `` drawing '' in the top layer of foam . Latte art is particularly difficult to create consistently , due to the demanding conditions required of both the espresso shot and milk . This , in turn , is limited by the experience of the barista and quality of the espresso machine . The pour itself , then , becomes the last challenge for the latte artist .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a3175f0d4176f9f6860f1c4d7d3167a4", "text": "Surge (soft drink) Surge ( sometimes styled as SURGE ) is a citrus flavored soft drink developed by the New Products team at Coca Cola Atlanta in 1997 . Surge was first produced by The Coca-Cola Company to compete with Pepsi 's Mountain Dew during the 1990s . Surge was advertised as having a more `` hardcore '' edge , much like Mountain Dew 's advertising at this time , in an attempt to further take customers away from Pepsi . It was originally launched in Norway as Urge , and was so popular that it was later released in America as Surge . Lagging sales caused production to be ended in 2003 for most markets , and by 2014 Norway was the last country where either Urge or Surge were still sold . However , popular fan bases such as Facebook 's `` SURGE Movement '' led Coca-Cola to re-release the soft drink on September 15 , 2014 for the US market via Amazon.com `` Prime '' in 12-packs of 16 oz . cans . In February 2015 , Coca-Cola initiated a test market for the beverage in stores primarily in the Southeastern United States , and concluded in May 2015 . Some locations outside of the test region have also been found to sell Surge . Surge was re-released to stores in the Southeast , Northeast , parts of the Midwest , and the Mountain States of America in September 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "de88d579ef5ef7f7cf10ab6545c4353c", "text": "NuGrape NuGrape is a brand of grape-flavored soda pop . The NuGrape brand was invented in 1906 , first bottled in 1921 , and by April 1933 , The National NuGrape Company was founded in Atlanta , Georgia . In 1922 , licensing rights were sold to the Olla Bottling Works in Olla , Louisiana where it was made and distributed for many years . NuGrape was followed up by the popular Sun Crest brand of soft drinks in 1938 . In 1965 , the National NuGrape Company introduced Kickapoo Joy Juice , a product based on Al Capp 's Li'l Abner comic strip . All three brands were acquired in 1968 by The Moxie Company ( renamed Moxie-Monarch-NuGrape Company and later Monarch Beverage Company ) . In 1970 , Moxie-Monarch-NuGrape discontinued domestic U.S. sales of Kickapoo Joy Juice . In 1999 , NuGrape and the Nesbitt 's line of carbonated drinks were acquired from Monarch Beverage Company in Atlanta by Big Red , Ltd. of Waco , Texas under its North American Beverages Products division , which also included Nesbitt 's . The National NuGrape building still exists in Atlanta at 794 Ralph McGill Blvd. , but is not open to the public . Today , NuGrape is usually found in parts of the southeast United States . Specifically , it is sold in parts of Georgia , North Carolina , South Carolina , northwest Alabama , and the eastern half of Tennessee . NuGrape is almost impossible to find for sale west or north of Murfreesboro , Tennessee . However , NuGrape is bottled and distributed in central Kentucky by the Ale-8-One Bottling Company of Winchester , Kentucky and in the Pacific Northwest by Orca Beverage Company of Mukilteo , Washington . It is most commonly available in small , novelty candy stores as well as independent grocery stores , available in bottles ( glass or plastic ) or cans . In recent years , Cracker Barrel restaurants have begun selling NuGrape , by the individual bottle and in six-packs . It is available at World Market stores . In 1906 , John James Mangham and a fellow pharmacist discovered the formula for NuGrape in Breman , Georgia .", "title": "" } ]
fever
15dc20ef299369d1a238de7a2107ddf4
Psychological findings link to research and perspectives from humanities.
[ { "docid": "0756b1df35d30c1971193dd8641f2238", "text": "Psychology Psychology is the science of behavior and mind , embracing all aspects of conscious and unconscious experience as well as thought . It is an academic discipline and a social science which seeks to understand individuals and groups by establishing general principles and researching specific cases . In this field , a professional practitioner or researcher is called a psychologist and can be classified as a social , behavioral , or cognitive scientist . Psychologists attempt to understand the role of mental functions in individual and social behavior , while also exploring the physiological and biological processes that underlie cognitive functions and behaviors . Psychologists explore behavior and mental processes , including perception , cognition , attention , emotion ( affect ) , intelligence , phenomenology , motivation ( conation ) , brain functioning , and personality . This extends to interaction between people , such as interpersonal relationships , including psychological resilience , family resilience , and other areas . Psychologists of diverse orientations also consider the unconscious mind . Psychologists employ empirical methods to infer causal and correlational relationships between psychosocial variables . In addition , or in opposition , to employing empirical and deductive methods , some -- especially clinical and counseling psychologists -- at times rely upon symbolic interpretation and other inductive techniques . Psychology has been described as a `` hub science '' , with psychological findings linking to research and perspectives from the social sciences , natural sciences , medicine , humanities , and philosophy . While psychological knowledge is often applied to the assessment and treatment of mental health problems , it is also directed towards understanding and solving problems in several spheres of human activity . By many accounts psychology ultimately aims to benefit society . The majority of psychologists are involved in some kind of therapeutic role , practicing in clinical , counseling , or school settings . Many do scientific research on a wide range of topics related to mental processes and behavior , and typically work in university psychology departments or teach in other academic settings ( e.g. , medical schools , hospitals ) . Some are employed in industrial and organizational settings , or in other areas such as human development and aging , sports , health , and the media , as well as in forensic investigation and other aspects of law .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "5b247ac587e5e869603dcc21153b8efc", "text": "Educational Psychologist (journal) The Educational Psychologist is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by Routledge on behalf of Division 15 ( Educational Psychology ) of the American Psychological Association . It was established in 1963 and the editor-in-chief is Clark A. Chinn ( Rutgers University ) . The journal publishes conceptual and review articles rather than empirical studies on all aspects of educational psychology . It is considered one of the `` big five '' educational psychology journals ( along with Cognition and Instruction , Journal of Educational Psychology , Educational Psychology Review , and Contemporary Educational Psychology ) . The journal practices double-blind peer review ( since at least 1979 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "61b96da630b320fc68e3d30a58da67dc", "text": "Leisure studies Leisure studies is a branch of the social sciences that focuses on understanding and analyzing leisure . Recreation and tourism are common topics of leisure research . The National Recreation and Park Association is the national organization in the United States for leisure studies , and offers accreditation to many universities to offer courses of study ( degree programs ) in leisure studies . The Journal of Leisure Research and Journal of Park and Recreation Administration are some scholarly US academic journals of leisure studies . Leisure studies is a strong major for individuals who value working with a wide variety of people including children , the elderly , and the disabled . Those pursuing this major will often be in situations where they have to motivate others , so it is important that they are creative , hard-working , in good health , and possess leadership skills .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "00bb33c7ae7b86fc9ed28900a0209bc9", "text": "Language of thought hypothesis The language of thought hypothesis ( LOTH ) , sometimes known as Thought Ordered Mental Expression ( TOME ) , is a view in linguistics , philosophy of mind and cognitive science , forwarded by American philosopher Jerry Fodor . It describes the nature of thought as possessing `` language-like '' or compositional structure ( sometimes known as mentalese ) . On this view , simple concepts combine in systematic ways ( akin to the rules of grammar in language ) to build thoughts . In its most basic form , the theory states that thought , like language , has syntax . Using empirical data drawn from linguistics and cognitive science to describe mental representation from a philosophical vantage-point , the hypothesis states that thinking takes place in a language of thought ( LOT ) : cognition and cognitive processes are only ` remotely plausible ' when expressed as a system of representations that is `` tokened '' by a linguistic or semantic structure and operated upon by means of a combinatorial syntax . Linguistic tokens used in mental language describe elementary concepts which are operated upon by logical rules establishing causal connections to allow for complex thought . Syntax as well as semantics have a causal effect on the properties of this system of mental representations . These mental representations are not present in the brain in the same way as symbols are present on paper ; rather , the LOT is supposed to exist at the cognitive level , the level of thoughts and concepts . The LOTH has wide-ranging significance for a number of domains in cognitive science . It relies on a version of functionalist materialism , which holds that mental representations are actualized and modified by the individual holding the propositional attitude , and it challenges eliminative materialism and connectionism . It implies a strongly rationalist model of cognition in which many of the fundamentals of cognition are innate .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8f65240867c5065a5ad038ebe2e65f54", "text": "Developmental cognitive neuroscience Developmental cognitive neuroscience is an interdisciplinary scientific field devoted to understanding psychological processes and their neurological bases in the developing organism . It examines how the mind changes as children grow up , interrelations between that and how the brain is changing , and environmental and biological influences on the developing mind and brain . Developmental cognitive neuroscience is at the boundaries of neuroscience ( behavioral , systems , & cognitive neuroscience ) , psychology ( developmental , cognitive , & biobehavioral / physiological psychology ) , developmental science ( which includes sociology , anthropology , & biology in addition to psychology & neuroscience ) , cognitive science ( which includes computer science , philosophy , dynamical systems , & linguistics in addition to psychology ) , and even includes socio-emotional development and developmental aspects of social neuroscience and affective neuroscience . The scientific interface between cognitive neuroscience and human development has evoked considerable interest in recent years , as technological advances make it possible to map in detail the changes in brain structure that take place during development . Developmental cognitive neuroscience overlaps somewhat with fields such as developmental psychology , developmental neuropsychology , developmental psychopathology , and developmental neuroscience , but is distinct from each of them as well . Developmental cognitive neuroscience is concerned with the brain bases of the phenomena that developmental psychologists study . Developmental neuropsychology and developmental psychopathology are both devoted primarily to studying patients , whereas developmental cognitive neuroscience is concerned with studying both typical and atypical development . Developmental neuroscience is devoted entirely to the study of developmental processes in the brain , and primarily during the prenatal period . Developmental cognitive neuroscience , on the other hand , is concerned with interrelations between psychological and biological development . Developmental cognitive neuroscientists study brain development and cognitive , social , and emotional development from the prenatal period through adulthood . More recently , developmental cognitive neuroscience is interested in the role of genes in development and cognition . Thus , developmental cognitive neuroscience may shed light on nature versus nurture debates as well as constructivism and neuroconstructivism theories . Developmental cognitive neuroscience research provides data that alternately blends together , clarifies , challenges , and causes revisions in developmental , cognitive , and neuroscientific theories .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "91055d1e7d55751e397eb1e4b7827333", "text": "Language Learning (journal) Language Learning : A Journal of Research in Language Studies is a peer-reviewed academic journal published quarterly by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the Language Learning Research Club at the University of Michigan . The editor-in-chief is Nick C. Ellis University of Michigan . Language Learning covers research on `` fundamental theoretical issues in language learning such as child , second , and foreign language acquisition , language education , bilingualism , literacy , language representation in mind and brain , culture , cognition , pragmatics , and intergroup relations '' . The journal has two annual supplements , the Best of Language Learning Series and the Language Learning Monograph Series . It is also published in association with a biennial monograph , the Language Learning-Max Planck Institute Cognitive Neurosciences Series . According to the Journal Citation Reports , the journal has a 2011 impact factor of 1.218 , ranking it 26th out of 161 journals in the category `` Linguistics '' and 42nd out of 203 journals in the category `` Education & Educational Research '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9dc2ae47329c6dd628b5862da1a7b668", "text": "Comparative research Comparative research is a research methodology in the social sciences that aims to make comparisons across different countries or cultures . A major problem in comparative research is that the data sets in different countries may not use the same categories , or define categories differently ( for example by using different definitions of poverty ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dbce067cfcb9875ef799a52dab4d7f0f", "text": "Branches of science The branches of science ( also referred to as `` sciences '' , `` scientific fields '' , or `` scientific disciplines '' ) are commonly divided into three major groups : Natural sciences : the study of natural phenomena ( including fundamental forces and biological life ) Formal sciences : the study of mathematics and logic , which use an a priori , as opposed to factual , methodology ) Social sciences : the study of human behavior and societies . Natural and social sciences are empirical sciences , meaning that the knowledge must be based on observable phenomena and must be capable of being verified by other researchers working under the same conditions . Natural , social , and formal science make up the fundamental sciences , which form the basis of interdisciplinary and applied sciences such as engineering and medicine . Specialized scientific disciplines that exist in multiple categories may include parts of other scientific disciplines but often possess their own terminologies and expertises .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "66d6c1d8b12e821cfa76631bea2b012d", "text": "Process psychology Process psychology is a branch of psychotherapeutic psychology which was derived from process philosophy as developed by Alfred North Whitehead . Process psychology got its start at a conference sponsored by the Center for Process Studies in 1998 . In 2000 , Michel Weber created the Whitehead Psychology Nexus : an open forum dedicated to the cross-examination of Alfred North Whitehead 's process philosophy and the various facets of the contemporary psychological field . David Ray Griffin , a retired professor , has also been instrumental in encouraging the development of Process Psychology . Process Psychology is closely aligned with process theology and its practitioners frequently refer to spiritual concerns . John Buchanan described Process Psychology as a transpersonal psychology providing an empirical basis for what has been called mystical experience . Yet other theorists reference systems thinking and the work of Ludwig von Bertalanffy whose concept of a `` system '' is compared to Whitehead 's idea of the `` organism '' . The influence of Carl G. Jung is also referenced and he is considered to be among the discipline 's founding fathers . Jon Mills ( psychologist ) has proposed a process psychology known as `` dialectical psychoanalysis '' ( which is based , in part , on Hegelianism ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "844709134a93cc12a251c3cc4b169300", "text": "Harvard Department of Social Relations The Department of Social Relations for Interdisciplinary Social Science Studies , more commonly known as the `` Department of Social Relations '' was an interdisciplinary collaboration among three of the social science departments at Harvard University ( anthropology , psychology , and sociology ) beginning in 1946 . Originally , the program was headquartered in Emerson Hall at Harvard before moving to William James Hall in 1965 . While the name `` Social Relations '' is often associated with the program 's long-time chair and guiding spirit , sociologist Talcott Parsons , many major figures of mid-20th-century social science also numbered among the program 's faculty , including psychologists Gordon Allport ( personality and motivation ) , Jerome Bruner ( cognitive psychology and narrative analysis ) , Roger Brown ( social psychology and psycholinguistics ) , and Henry Murray ( personality ) ; anthropologists Clyde and Florence Kluckhohn ( value orientations ) , John and Beatrice Whiting ( cross-cultural child development ) , Evon Z. Vogt ( comparative religion ) ; and sociologist Alex Inkeles ( Soviet studies and national character ) . Many of its graduate students also went on to be major figures in U.S. social sciences during the latter part of the twentieth century ; their work tends towards strong interdisciplinary and cross-disciplinary approaches . Allport and Boring discussed the origins of the department 's name in the April 1946 issue of the American Psychologist : While -LSB- academic -RSB- departmental lines have remained rigid , there has been developing during the last decade , a synthesis of socio-cultural and psychological sciences which is widely recognized within the academic world in spite of the fact that there is no commonly accepted name to designate the synthesis . We propose that Harvard adopt , and thus help establish , the term Social Relations to characterize the emerging discipline which deals not only with the body of fact and theory traditionally recognized as the subject matter of sociology , but also with that portion of psychological science that treats the individual within the social system , and that portion of anthropological science that is particularly relevant to the social and cultural patterns of literate societies . Social Relations sponsored or collaborated in a number of research studies characterized by explicit cross-cultural comparisons and multidisciplinary approaches to problems of policy or social theory . Major projects included the Six Cultures Study ( headed by John and Beatrice Whiting , an anthropological study of child development in six different cultures , including a New England Baptist community ; a Philippine barrio ; an Okinawan village ; an Indian village in Mexico ; a northern Indian caste group ; and a rural tribal group in Kenya ) ; a multidisciplinary analysis of Soviet culture and society , published in part as How the Soviet System Works ; and the Comparative Study of Values in Five Cultures during the 1950s , which examined five very different communities living in the same region of Texas : Zuni , Navajo , Mormon ( LDS ) , Spanish-American ( Mexican-American ) , and Texas Homesteaders . The curriculum of the Harvard Social Relations had four inter-related components : Sociology ; Social Psychology ; Social Anthropology ; and Personality Theory . The program disaggregated into its component departments around 1972 , though a certain interdisciplinarity remained throughout the 1970s . A similar program at Yale , the Institute for Human Relations , also now disbanded , developed the Human Relations Area Files ( HRAF ) , a cross-cultural database for comparative research , administered by Carol and Melvin Ember .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "51bf0a3a9764bf6fe5e4fa35434b0351", "text": "Online research methods Online research methods ( ORMs ) are ways in which researchers can collect data via the internet . They are also referred to as Internet research , Internet science or iScience , or Web-based methods . Many of these online research methods are related to existing research methodologies but re-invent and re-imagine them in the light of new technologies and conditions associated with the internet . The field is relatively new and evolving . With the growth of social medias a new level of complexity and opportunity has been created . Inclusion of social media research can provide unique insights into consumer and societal segments and gaining an `` emotional '' measure of a population on issues of interest . Some specific types of method include : Cyber-ethnography Online content analysis Online focus groups Online interviews Online qualitative research Online questionnaires Social network analysis Web-based experiments Online clinical trials -- or see below", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d2254f3fc941c30dd9b0d88474dc82fa", "text": "Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology The Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by the American Psychological Association on behalf of APA Division 24 ( Society for Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology ) . The journal was established in 1986 and `` is devoted to fostering discussion at the interface of psychology , philosophy , and metatheory '' . The current editor-in-chief is Brent D. Slife .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "280a6097c1cdb76657468a0baeaff3af", "text": "MediaCommons MediaCommons is an in-development all-electronic scholarly publishing network in media studies , being created in partnership with the Institute for the Future of the Book and with the support of New York University and the National Endowment for the Humanities . MediaCommons established its first presence on the web in November 2006 with a now-defunct development site named `` making MediaCommons , '' and opened its current web site in March 2007 . The first project established on MediaCommons was In Media Res , an ongoing feature in which notable scholars in media studies present and comment upon brief , timely videoclips , aiming to promote dialogue between scholars and the broader public about the significance of media representations and forms . MediaCommons claims among its goals a transformation in scholarly publishing , suggesting that the network `` will not simply shift the locus of publishing from print to screen , but will actually transform what it means to ` publish , ' allowing the author , the publisher , and the reader all to make the process of such discourse just as visible as its product . '' The network promises to speed up the processes of publishing , but also to shift the focus of scholarly publishing back to communication amongst scholars . For this reason , the editors describe MediaCommons as a `` scholarly network '' rather than an electronic journal or press . MediaCommons is also an experiment in reimagining the processes of peer review in the humanities , opening up the process to public debate and discussion , and using both web-based metrics and commentary to create a process of `` peer-to-peer review . '' The backbone of this system is a social networking system currently being built by the NYU Digital Library Technology Services . MediaCommons has thus far published two commentable papers , one on the future of scholarly publishing , and the other on CommentPress , the WordPress theme developed by the Institute for the Future of the Book that allows for paragraph-by-paragraph commenting on lengthy documents . The co-coordinating editors of MediaCommons are Kathleen Fitzpatrick and Avi Santo , and the project draws on the support of an editorial board of scholars from across the digital humanities .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64aba42afd9cc2802df313aa5b9d91a0", "text": "Documentary research Documentary research is the use of outside sources , documents , to support the viewpoint or argument of an academic work . The process of documentary research often involves some or all of conceptualising , using and assessing documents . The analysis of the documents in documentary research would be either quantitative or qualitative analysis ( or both ) . The key issues surrounding types of documents and our ability to use them as reliable sources of evidence on the social world must be considered by all who use documents in their research .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9e73e121042b6065c64f0f8207586efe", "text": "Human behavioral ecology Human behavioral ecology ( HBE ) or human evolutionary ecology applies the principles of evolutionary theory and optimization to the study of human behavioral and cultural diversity . HBE examines the adaptive design of traits , behaviors , and life histories of humans in an ecological context . One aim of modern human behavioral ecology is to determine how ecological and social factors influence and shape behavioral flexibility within and between human populations . Among other things , HBE attempts to explain variation in human behavior as adaptive solutions to the competing life-history demands of growth , development , reproduction , parental care , and mate acquisition . HBE overlaps with evolutionary psychology , human or cultural ecology , and decision theory . It is most prominent in disciplines such as anthropology and psychology where human evolution is considered relevant for a holistic understanding of human behavior or in economics where self-interest , methodological individualism , and maximization are key elements in modeling behavior . It has been resisted in fields such as sociology and political science where the findings on human evolution are either ignored or regarded as irrelevant .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4323f7003ccc812d719b1d26b6bf3b4b", "text": "Realist Evaluation Realist evaluation is a type of theory-driven evaluation method used in evaluating social programmes . It is based on the epistemological foundations of critical realism . Based on specific theories , realist evaluation provides an alternative lens to empiricist evaluation techniques for the study and understanding of programmes and policies . This technique assumes that knowledge is a social and historical product , thus the social and political context as well as theoretical mechanisms , need consideration in analysis of programme or policy effectiveness . Realist evaluation techniques recognise that there are many interwoven variables operative at different levels in society , thus this evaluation method suits complex social interventions , rather than traditional cause-effect , non-contextual methods of analysis.This realist technique acknowledges that intervention programmes and policy changes do not necessarily work for everyone , since people are different and are embedded in different contexts . Pawson & Tilley ( 1997 ) describe the procedure followed in the implementation of realist evaluation techniques in programme evaluation and emphasise that once hypotheses have been generated and data collected , the outcomes of the programme are explored , focusing on the groups that the programme benefitted and those who did not benefit . Effectiveness of a programme is thus not dependent on the outcomes alone ( cause -- effect ) , rather there is a consideration of the theoretical mechanisms that are applied , and the socio-historical context in which the programmes were implemented . Thus , the final explanation of a programme considers context-mechanism-outcome .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8afb5bba72ab38116ff38af23e50ea0c", "text": "Political sociology Contemporary political sociology involves , but is not limited to , the study of the relations between state , society , and citizens . Where a typical research question in political sociology might have been `` Why do so few American or European citizens choose to vote ? '' or even `` What difference does it make if women get elected ? '' , political sociologists also now ask : `` How is the body a site of power ? '' , `` How are emotions relevant to global poverty ? '' , or `` What difference does knowledge make to democracy ? ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fe308342e11edc73653749c354a1b876", "text": "Lecture A lecture ( from the French ` lecture ' , meaning ` reading ' -LSB- process -RSB- ) is an oral presentation intended to present information or teach people about a particular subject , for example by a university or college teacher . Lectures are used to convey critical information , history , background , theories , and equations . A politician 's speech , a minister 's sermon , or even a businessman 's sales presentation may be similar in form to a lecture . Usually the lecturer will stand at the front of the room and recite information relevant to the lecture 's content . Though lectures are much criticised as a teaching method , universities have not yet found practical alternative teaching methods for the large majority of their courses . Critics point out that lecturing is mainly a one-way method of communication that does not involve significant audience participation but relies upon passive learning . Therefore , lecturing is often contrasted to active learning . Lectures delivered by talented speakers can be highly stimulating ; at the very least , lectures have survived in academia as a quick , cheap , and efficient way of introducing large numbers of students to a particular field of study . Lectures have a significant role outside the classroom , as well . Academic and scientific awards routinely include a lecture as part of the honor , and academic conferences often center on `` keynote addresses '' , i.e. , lectures . The public lecture has a long history in the sciences and in social movements . Union halls , for instance , historically have hosted numerous free and public lectures on a wide variety of matters . Similarly , churches , community centers , libraries , museums , and other organizations have hosted lectures in furtherance of their missions or their constituents ' interests . Lectures represent a continuation of oral tradition in contrast to textual communication in books and other media . Lectures may be considered a type of grey literature .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "873370cf1c6ca0c89d6eaddcd7d3c9a6", "text": "Research I university Research I university was a category that the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education previously used to indicate universities in the United States that engage in extensive research activity . The 1994 edition of the Carnegie Classification defined Research I universities as those that : Offer a full range of baccalaureate programs Are committed to graduate education through the doctorate Give high priority to research Award 50 or more doctoral degrees each year Receive annually $ 40 million or more in federal support The Carnegie Foundation reported that 59 institutions met these criteria in 1994 . In their interim 2000 edition of the classification , the Carnegie Foundation renamed the category to Doctoral/research universities-extensive to '' ... avoid the inference that the categories signify quality differences . '' The Foundation replaced their single classification system with a multiple classification system in their 2005 comprehensive overhaul of the classification framework so that the term `` Research I university '' was no longer valid , though many universities continued to use it . In 2015 , the Carnegie Classification System reinstated the `` Research I university '' designations along with `` Research II '' and `` Research III . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a4e86d6c27ec7b57772e14ce9ed567a", "text": "Philosophical theory In the general sense , a philosophical position is a set of beliefs that explains or accounts for a general philosophy or specific branch of philosophy . The use of the term theory here is a statement of colloquial English and not reflective of the term theory . While any sort of thesis or opinion may be termed a position , in analytic philosophy it is thought best to reserve the word `` theory '' for systematic , comprehensive attempts to solve problems .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a692b7fd2c158c080fb2e8fab3230f82", "text": "Bachelor of Liberal Studies The purpose of the Bachelor of Liberal Studies degree is to provide students with a solid multidisciplinary preparation in the Humanities , Natural Sciences , Social Sciences and the Arts , subsequently allowing them to pursue careers in education , business , government , and other such fields . The goal of a liberal studies major is to train students to communicate effectively , both orally and in writing , to develop skills in critical thinking and problem solving , and to imbue critical thinking with ethical thought . Liberal studies provides students with opportunities for an extensive study of the liberal arts and sciences and for a broad understanding of various academic fields of interest . A student who seeks to be awarded a degree such as B.A. in Liberal Studies generally undertakes a variety of subjects , including : literature and language studies , mathematics , visual and performing arts , physical education , history and social sciences , science , and human development . According to the American Academy for Liberal Education , core curriculum can include `` interdisciplinary programs in the arts and sciences , programs of study in the histories and heritages of Western and non-Western civilizations , global and trans-cultural studies , ethnic and area studies , musical and theatrical appreciation and performance , and programs in creative writing . '' Occupational opportunities include : Banking or retail management trainee Buyer trainee Claims adjuster Underwriter College/university admission counselor Convention/meeting planner Development officer/fundraiser Human resources professional Insurance agent Public relations specialist Sales representative Teacher Writer Intelligence Officer/Analyst ( Some positions may require additional education and/or training )", "title": "" } ]
fever
43321898b999498f5777adf2bf76d965
The Uruguay national football team won competitions.
[ { "docid": "a2e41c21877f0bb0d1483937ababbfd1", "text": "2011 Copa América The 2011 Campeonato Sudamericano Copa América , better known as the 2011 Copa América or the Copa América 2011 Argentina , was the 43rd edition of the Copa América , the main international football tournament for national teams in South America . The competition was organized by CONMEBOL , South America 's football governing body , and was held in Argentina from 1 to 24 July . The draw for the tournament was held in La Plata on 11 November 2010 . Uruguay won the tournament after defeating Paraguay 3 -- 0 in the final , giving them a record 15th Copa América title and their first since 1995 . Paraguay , as the tournament runner-up , earned the Copa Bolivia ; Paraguay 's performance was noteworthy , as they were able to reach the finals without winning a single game in the tournament ; their success in the final stages was achieved by the way of penalty shoot-outs . As the tournament champion , Uruguay earned the right to represent CONMEBOL in the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup , held in Brazil . Peru finished third after defeating Venezuela 4 -- 1 in the third-place match .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e3291bb1d71e0bc104037544c718a551", "text": "1950 FIFA World Cup The 1950 FIFA World Cup , held in Brazil from 24 June to 16 July 1950 , was the fourth FIFA World Cup . It was the first World Cup since 1938 , the planned 1942 and 1946 competitions having been cancelled owing to World War II . It was won by Uruguay , who had won the inaugural competition in 1930 , clinching the cup by beating the hosts Brazil 2 -- 1 in the deciding match of the four-team final group ( this was the only tournament not decided by a one-match final ) . It was also the first tournament where the trophy was referred to as the Jules Rimet Cup , to mark the 25th anniversary of Jules Rimet 's presidency of FIFA .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d1ecdf36b9deded9b075ab64e11903b6", "text": "Football at the 1924 Summer Olympics At the 1924 Summer Olympics held in Paris , Uruguay dominated the football tournament winning the Gold .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ae1db1b7cb0e1de56fc712d5c457c367", "text": "Copa América Copa América ( America Cup ) , known until 1975 as the South American Football Championship ( Campeonato Sudamericano de Fútbol in Spanish ) , is an international men 's football tournament contested between national teams from CONMEBOL . It is the oldest international continental football competition . The competition determines the continental champion of South America . Since the 1990s , teams from North America and Asia have also been invited to participate . Since 1993 , the tournament has generally featured 12 teams -- all 10 CONMEBOL teams and two additional teams from other confederations . Mexico has participated in every tournament since 1993 , with one additional team drawn from CONCACAF , except for 1999 , when AFC team Japan filled out the 12-team roster . The 2016 version of the event , Copa América Centenario , featured sixteen teams , with six teams from CONCACAF in addition to the 10 from CONMEBOL . Mexico 's two runner-up finishes are the highest for a non-CONMEBOL side . Eight of the ten CONMEBOL national teams have won the tournament at least once in its 45 stagings since the event 's inauguration in 1916 , with only Ecuador and Venezuela yet to win . Uruguay has the most championships in the tournament 's history , with 15 cups , while the current champion , Chile , has two cups . Argentina , which hosted the inaugural edition in 1916 , has hosted the tournament the most times , having hosted nine times . The United States is the only non-CONMEBOL country to host , having hosted the event in 2016 . On three occasions ( in 1975 , 1979 , and 1983 ) , the tournament was held in multiple South American countries . The Copa América is one of the most prestigious and most widely viewed sporting events in the world . The highest finishing member of CONMEBOL has the right to participate in the next edition of the FIFA Confederations Cup , but is not obliged to do so .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "95d3812fc1bd8bdb37dbae60baaaf234", "text": "1980 Mundialito The 1980 Mundialito ( Spanish for `` little World Cup '' ) , or Copa de Oro de Campeones Mundiales ( `` World Champions ' Gold Cup '' ) , was a special international football tournament held in Montevideo , Uruguay , from December 30 , 1980 , to January 10 , 1981 , in commemoration of the 50th anniversary of the first World Cup tournament , which had been celebrated in 1930 at the same venue . The national teams invited were Uruguay ( hosts ) , Italy , West Germany , Brazil , Netherlands , and Argentina , at the time the six former World Cup-winning nations except for the Netherlands -- 1974 and 1978 World Cup runners-up -- replacing England , who declined the invitation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9ef6301f8192856dc5d573536edc4542", "text": "FIFA World Cup The FIFA World Cup , often simply called the World Cup , is an international association football competition contested by the senior men 's national teams of the members of Fédération Internationale de Football Association ( FIFA ) , the sport 's global governing body . The championship has been awarded every four years since the inaugural tournament in 1930 , except in 1942 and 1946 when it was not held because of the Second World War . The current champion is Germany , which won its fourth title at the 2014 tournament in Brazil . The current format of the competition involves a qualification phase , which currently takes place over the preceding three years , to determine which teams qualify for the tournament phase , which is often called the World Cup Finals . 32 teams , including the automatically qualifying host nation ( s ) , compete in the tournament phase for the title at venues within the host nation ( s ) over a period of about a month . The 20 World Cup tournaments have been won by eight different national teams . Brazil have won five times , and they are the only team to have played in every tournament . The other World Cup winners are Germany and Italy , with four titles each ; Argentina and inaugural winner Uruguay , with two titles each ; and England , France and Spain , with one title each . The World Cup is the most prestigious association football tournament in the world as well as the most widely viewed and followed sporting event in the world , exceeding even the Olympic Games ; the cumulative audience of all matches of the 2006 FIFA World Cup was estimated to be 26.29 billion with an estimated 715.1 million people watching the final match , a ninth of the entire population of the planet .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ceafd905edb1d43d52a861e06701ea31", "text": "Uruguay national football team The Uruguay national football team represents Uruguay in international association football and is controlled by the Uruguayan Football Association , the governing body for football in Uruguay . The current head coach is Óscar Tabárez . The Uruguayan team is commonly referred to as La Celeste ( The Sky Blue ) . The Uruguayan team recently won the 2011 Copa América . They have won the Copa América 15 times , being the team that has won the tournament on most occasions . The team has won the FIFA World Cup twice , including the first World Cup in 1930 as hosts , defeating Argentina 4 -- 2 in the final . They won their second title in 1950 , upsetting host Brazil 2 -- 1 in the final match , which received an attendance higher than any football match ever . They have won the Gold Medals in football at the Summer Olympics twice , in 1924 and 1928 recognized by FIFA as World Cup , before the creation of the World Cup . Uruguay also won the 1980 Mundialito , a tournament among former World Cup champions . In total , Uruguay have won 20 official titles , a world record for the most international titles held by any country . Another unique achievement of Uruguay is that it ´ s the only nation in world football to organize multiple major international tournaments in own country and win them all . La Celeste won 7 Copa América tournaments , 1 World Cup and Mundialito , all staged in Uruguay . Their success is amplified by the fact that the nation has a very small population of around 3.4 million inhabitants ( 2011 est. ) . Uruguay is by far the smallest country in the world to have won a World Cup in terms of population , 1.75 million inhabitants in 1930 . The second-smallest country , by population , to have won the World Cup is Argentina with a population of nearly 28 million people in 1978 . Uruguay is also the smallest country ever to win any World Cup medals ; only five nations with a currently smaller population than Uruguay 's have ever participated in any World Cup : Northern Ireland ( three times ) , Slovenia ( twice ) , Wales , Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "11367cfbb0e92e10828f51d91099ac37", "text": "Uruguay A national rugby union team The Uruguay A national rugby union team are the second national rugby union team behind the Uruguay national side .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fabe14197a2b8d5a0db7cda1b70d6f85", "text": "Diego Forlán Diego Forlán Corazzo ( -LSB- ˈdjeɣo forˈlan -RSB- ; born 19 May 1979 ) is a Uruguayan footballer who plays as a forward for Indian Super League club Mumbai City FC . He is a two-time winner of both the Pichichi Trophy and the European Golden Shoe , and also received the Golden Ball as the best player at the 2010 World Cup . He is regarded as one of the greatest Uruguayan players of all time . Forlán joined Argentine club Independiente after rising through their youth team , and after a successful four-year spell , he signed for Manchester United of England . His form for United was not as successful as at Independiente , although he won the Premier League in 2002 -- 03 and the FA Cup in 2003 -- 04 . In the summer of 2004 , he moved on to Spanish side Villarreal . In his first season in Spanish football with Villarreal , Forlán scored 25 league goals and won the Pichichi Trophy . After two more successful seasons with Villarreal , Forlán joined Atlético Madrid , where he once again became the league 's top scorer , and became the first player to win the Pichichi Trophy twice since Ronaldo achieved this feat in the 2003 -- 04 season . Forlán scored in Atlético 's 2010 Europa League final victory against Fulham . In 2011 , he joined Inter Milan of Italy before moving to Internacional in 2012 . Forlán also had a successful international career , scoring 36 times for his country since his 2002 debut , including one at the 2002 FIFA World Cup . He was the joint top scorer by scoring five times as Uruguay came fourth at the 2010 World Cup , being recognised with the Golden Ball award for the best player at the tournament . On 12 July 2011 , at the 2011 Copa América in Argentina , Forlán earned his 79th international cap , against Mexico , breaking the record held by former goalkeeper Rodolfo Rodríguez since 1986 . On 20 June 2013 , in a match against Nigeria at the 2013 Confederations Cup , he became the first Uruguayan to win 100 caps . With 36 goals , Forlán was Uruguay 's all-time leading top scorer from 2011 until Luis Suárez overtook him two years later . He retired from international football on 11 March 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d8ae0e4c5dfe9d9028879475a8eecd23", "text": "Copa Aldao The Copa Ricardo Aldao ( English : Ricardo Aldao Cup ) , popularly called Campeonato Rioplatense and Copa Río de La Plata , was a football club competition contested annually , albeit irregularly , between the league champions of Argentina and Uruguay . The cup is one of several inter-South American club competitions that have been organised on the continent . The first competition was scheduled for the 1913 season ( although it was never played ) and the last in 1955 ( actually played in 1959 , no champions proclaimed ) . The Copa Ricardo Aldao is seen today as the first stepping-stone into the creation of Copa Libertadores . In 2009 , when the IFFHS proclaimed Peñarol of Montevideo as the best South American team of the 20th century , they took into consideration the Copa Aldao and other international club tournaments played in South America before the beginning of Copa Libertadores in 1960 . In August 2015 a CONMEBOL 's article described Aldao Cup as the first official international professional football cup in South America .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a747c8370cdbb90468cd5e019d4b4a8", "text": "Paraguay national football team The Paraguay national football team is controlled by the Paraguayan Football Association ( Asociación Paraguaya de Fútbol ) and represents Paraguay in men 's international football competitions . Paraguay is a member of CONMEBOL . The Albirroja has qualified for eight FIFA World Cup competitions ( 1930 , 1950 , 1958 , 1986 , 1998 , 2002 , 2006 and 2010 ) and has reached the second round of the competition on four occasions . A regular participant at the Copa América , Paraguay have been crowned champions of the competition on two occasions ( in 1953 and 1979 ) . Paraguay 's highest FIFA World Rankings is 8th ( March 2001 ) and lowest is 103 ( May 1995 ) , and was awarded second place with Best Move of the Year in 1996 . The national team 's most successful period was under the coaching of Argentine Gerardo Martino , who was awarded with the South American Coach of the Year in 2007 and took Paraguay to the quarter-final stages of a FIFA World Cup competition for the first time in history ( in 2010 ) and also to the final of the 2011 Copa América , where Paraguay finished as runners-up . In the entire national team 's history at the FIFA World Cup , both Carlos Gamarra and José Luis Chilavert hold the distinction of being selected as part of the All-Star Team , being for the 1998 edition . Paulo da Silva holds the most amount of appearances for the national team with 133 and Roque Santa Cruz is the all-time leading goal scorer with 32 goals . Denis Caniza , who was present with the national team from 1996 to 2010 , is the only player to have represented Paraguay in four consecutive FIFA World Cup competitions ( 1998 , 2002 , 2006 , 2010 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f6abf201dfd8ea04331ed740f0d821f0", "text": "Jorge Barrios (footballer) Jorge Wálter Barrios Balestrasse ( born January 24 , 1961 in Las Piedras ) is a retired football midfielder from Uruguay , who was nicknamed `` Chifle '' during his professional career . Having made his official debut on July 18 , 1980 against Peru ( 0-0 ) , Barrios obtained a total number of 61 international caps for the Uruguay national football team . He was a Mundialito Winner at the 1980 Copa D'Oro , and he scored the first goal in the final game against Brazil ( 2-1 ) on January 10 , 1981 . He represented his native country at the 1986 FIFA World Cup , against West Germany , Scotland ( as captain ) and Argentina wearing the number eight jersey . Away of Uruguay , he made a significant career in Greece with Olympiakos for two years ( 1985-1987 ) and Levadiakos for four years ( 1987-1991 ) . After the end of his playing years Barrios became a manager and managed teams in Greece such as Doxa Dramas , Kavala FC and Ionikos . He also managed Olympiakos Nicosia of Cyprus .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c98377a4f4d0c4690b0c804a9a9117b3", "text": "2011–12 Uruguayan Primera División season The 2011 -- 12 Liga Profesional de Primera División season , also known as the 2011 -- 12 Copa Uruguaya or the 2011 -- 12 Campeonato Uruguayo , is the 108th season of Uruguay 's top-flight football league , and the 81st in which it is professional . Nacional is the defending champion .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c1d162fd413d8e45eb995c6ca3343389", "text": "South Africa at the FIFA World Cup This is a record of South Africa 's results at the FIFA World Cup . The FIFA World Cup , sometimes called the Football World Cup or the Soccer World Cup , but usually referred to simply as the World Cup , is an international association football competition contested by the men 's national teams of the members of Fédération Internationale de Football Association ( FIFA ) , the sport 's global governing body . The championship has been awarded every four years since the first tournament in 1930 , except in 1942 and 1946 , due to World War II . The tournament consists of two parts , the qualification phase and the final phase ( officially called the World Cup Finals ) . The qualification phase , which currently take place over the three years preceding the Finals , is used to determine which teams qualify for the Finals . The current format of the Finals involves 32 teams competing for the title , at venues within the host nation ( or nations ) over a period of about a month . The World Cup Finals is the most widely viewed sporting event in the world , with an estimated 715.1 million people watching the 2006 tournament final . South Africa have appeared in the finals of the FIFA World Cup on three occasion 's in 1998 , 2002 , and 2010 . Although South Africa has made three appearances in the World Cup , they have not made it past the first round . The team 's first attempt to qualify as for the 1994 FIFA World Cup . The team finished second in their group , behind Nigeria , who went on to play at the World Cup . Their first appearance was in France 1998 , six years after they had been readmitted to the global football family . Despite a 3 -- 0 drubbing to France in their opening game , they went on to draw against Denmark and Saudi Arabia , the team finished third and thus exited the tournament . Korea/Japan 2002 was expected to be an opportunity for Bafana Bafana to step up to the next level but they were eliminated at the group stage despite drawing to Paraguay and beating Slovenia 1 -- 0 for their first-ever World Cup win . The team finished third in their group , losing out to Paraguay on goal difference . The team failed to qualify for the 2006 FIFA World Cup after finishing third in their qualifying group . Ghana won the group and progressed to the tournament , while Congo DR finished ahead of South Africa on head to head results . During the 2010 World Cup in South Africa , they beat France 2 -- 1 and drew 1 -- 1 to Mexico , but lost 0 -- 3 to Uruguay . They lost out on progression to the round of 16 , on goal difference , for their second World Cup in a row .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "31b11f90d0f44666932714e24652d4de", "text": "Álvaro Gestido Álvaro Antonio Gestido Pose ( 17 May 1907 -- 18 January 1957 ) was a footballer from Uruguay . He was born in Montevideo . From 1926 to 1942 , he played for C.A. Peñarol . He also played 25 matches for the Uruguay national football team , winning the 1930 FIFA World Cup and the 1928 Summer Olympics . His brother Óscar Diego Gestido was President of Uruguay in 1967 . Category :1907 births Category :1930 FIFA World Cup players Category :1957 deaths Category : Sportspeople from Montevideo Category : Uruguayan footballers Category : Peñarol players Category : Uruguay international footballers Category : Olympic footballers of Uruguay Category : Footballers at the 1928 Summer Olympics Category : Olympic gold medalists for Uruguay Category : FIFA World Cup-winning players Category : Olympic medalists in football Category : Medalists at the 1928 Summer Olympics Category : Association football midfielders", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e4cdfdc919790da75cfe7aba8b57aebe", "text": "Panama national football team The Panama national football team ( Selección de fútbol de Panama ) represents Panama in international football . The team is controlled by the governing body for football in Panama , Panamanian Football Federation , which is a member of CONCACAF and the regional UNCAF . Panama finished as runners-up in the 2005 Gold Cup and 2013 Gold Cup . Panama has never qualified for the World Cup , but it has reached the final ( `` Hexagonal '' ) round of the CONCACAF qualifications for the 2006 , 2014 , and 2018 tournaments . Panama is currently competing in this stage . Panama came very close to advancing out of the fourth round of the qualifications for the 2014 World Cup . In their last match , which was against the USA , they led 2 -- 1 after 90 minutes and were posed to advance to a play-off against New Zealand , but they conceded two goals in stoppage time and were eliminated , with Mexico taking the playoff slot instead .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "982d6001f1527828a22d2f7c406a0734", "text": "Fla–Flu Fla -- Flu ( truncation of Flamengo-Fluminense ) is an association football match between cross-town rivals Flamengo and Fluminense . Matches take place in the 78,000-seat Maracanã Stadium , located near downtown Rio de Janeiro , in the city 's Maracanã district . The world record football match attendance between clubs is a Fla 0-0 Flu with 194,603 ( 177,656 paid ) in 1963 . The moniker Fla -- Flu was coined by the journalist Mário Filho during the professionalization of Rio de Janeiro 's football . Flamengo is the most successful team in Rio State Championship by one championship . Flamengo has won it 33 times while Fluminense has won 31 . Flamengo has won 6 Brazilian National Championships , as defined by the CBF , the 1987 Copa União ( an independent league organised by the Club of 13 ) and 3 Brazilian Cups . Fluminense has won 4 Brazilian National Championships and 1 Brazilian Cup . Fluminense has won the Copa Rio , which it claims to be equivalent to an intercontinental club tournament . Flamengo has won one Libertadores Cup and one Intercontinental Cup , both in 1981 . Fluminense is the only team in the world that holds the IOC 's Olympic Cup ( `` Coupe Olympique '' or `` Taça Olímpica '' ) , a non-competitive award for distinguished service in upholding the ideals of the Olympic Movement and to recognise the particular merits of institutions or associations and their services rendered to sport , conquered in 1949 . The rivalry between these two clubs began in October 1911 , when a group of dissatisfied players from Fluminense left the club , and went to Flamengo , which at the time had no football department . The first Fla -- Flu ever was played the following year , on July 7 , 1912 at Laranjeiras stadium . Fluminense won this match 3-2 , with 800 people in attendance . The Fla -- Flu matches are mentioned in Lamartine Babo 's unofficial , but very popular , Flamengo anthem composed in 1942 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "90a86e787a5094297dd9fc7461dcc68d", "text": "Slovakia at the FIFA World Cup This is a record of Slovakia 's results at the FIFA World Cup . The FIFA World Cup , sometimes called the Football World Cup or the Soccer World Cup , but usually referred to simply as the World Cup , is an international association football competition contested by the men 's national teams of the members of Fédération Internationale de Football Association ( FIFA ) , the sport 's global governing body . The championship has been awarded every four years since the first tournament in 1930 , except in 1942 and 1946 , due to World War II . The tournament consists of two parts , the qualification phase and the final phase ( officially called the World Cup Finals ) . The qualification phase , which currently take place over the three years preceding the Finals , is used to determine which teams qualify for the Finals . The current format of the Finals involves 32 teams competing for the title , at venues within the host nation ( or nations ) over a period of about a month . The World Cup Finals is the most widely viewed sporting event in the world , with an estimated 715.1 million people watching the 2006 tournament final . Slovakia have appeared in the finals of the FIFA World Cup on one occasion in 2010 where they reached the second round .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1abd547bbf44d06facc8b26599c9c600", "text": "Uruguay men's national volleyball team The Uruguay men 's national volleyball team represents Uruguay in international volleyball competitions and friendly matches . In the 1950s the squad twice won a silver medal ( 1951 and 1956 ) at the South American Championship . The dominant forces in men 's volleyball on the South American continent are Brazil and Argentina .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "873450269d447cb72e45df4c7e1b3dae", "text": "Football in Mexico Mexico 's most popular sport is association football . It is believed by some that football was introduced in Mexico by Cornish miners at the end of the 19th century . By 1902 a five-team league emerged with a strong English influence . Football became a professional sport in 1943 . Since then , Mexico 's top clubs have been América with 12 championships , Guadalajara with 11 , Toluca with 10 and Cruz Azul with 8 . Antonio Carbajal was the first player to appear in five World Cups , and Hugo Sánchez was named best CONCACAF player of the 20th century by IFFHS . Mexico 's biggest stadiums are Estadio Azteca , Estadio Olímpico Universitario and Estadio Jalisco . As of 2006 , it was estimated that there were over 324,000 registered players and 8,155,000 unregistered players in the country .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc50f8c791b7a63beecaacb1313ed5d0", "text": "CONCACAF The Confederation of North , Central America and Caribbean Association Football ( CONCACAF , -LSB- ˈkɒn.kəkæf -RSB- ) is the continental governing body for association football in North America , that includes Central America and the Caribbean regions . Three South American entities -- the independent nations of Guyana and Suriname and the French department of French Guiana -- are also members . CONCACAF 's primary functions are to organize competitions for national teams and clubs , and to conduct Men 's World Cup and Women 's World Cup qualifying tournaments . CONCACAF was founded in its current form on 18 September 1961 in Mexico City , Mexico , with the merger of the NAFC and the CCCF , which made it one of the then five , now six continental confederations affiliated with FIFA . Canada , Costa Rica , Cuba , El Salvador , Guatemala , Haiti , Honduras , Mexico , Netherlands Antilles ( Curaçao ) , Nicaragua , Panama , Suriname and United States were founding members . CONCACAF is the third-most successful FIFA confederation . Mexico dominated CONCACAF men 's competition early on and has since won the most Gold Cups since the beginning of the tournament in its current format . The Mexican national team is the only CONCACAF team to win an official FIFA tournament by winning the 1999 FIFA Confederations Cup . They have also reached the Round of 16 for the past 6 World Cups . While the U.S. is the only country outside of Europe and South America to receive a medal in the World Cup , finishing third in 1930 , they also reached the 2002 World Cup quarterfinals and the 2009 Confederations Cup final . Between them , Mexico and the U.S. have won all but one of the editions of the CONCACAF Gold Cup . In recent years Costa Rica has become a power in the region and in 2014 became the 4th CONCACAF country after the United States , Cuba , and Mexico to make the World Cup quarterfinals . The United States has been very successful in the women 's game , being the only CONCACAF member to win all three major worldwide competitions in women 's football -- the World Cup ( 3 ) , the Olympics ( 4 ) , and the Algarve Cup ( 10 ) . Canada is the only other member to win at least one of the major competitions , winning the Algarve Cup in 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4817ab368aea98d6f04a56cfe909d1f3", "text": "Germany national football team The Germany national football team ( Die deutsche Fußballnationalmannschaft or just Die Mannschaft ) is the men 's football team that has represented Germany in international competition since 1908 . It is governed by the German Football Association ( Deutscher Fußball-Bund ) , founded in 1900 . Ever since the DFB was reinaugurated in 1949 the team has represented the Federal Republic of Germany . Under Allied occupation and division , two other separate national teams were also recognised by FIFA : the Saarland team representing the Saarland ( 1950 -- 1956 ) and the East German team representing the German Democratic Republic ( 1952 -- 1990 ) . Both have been absorbed along with their records by the current national team . The official name and code `` Germany FR ( FRG ) '' was shortened to `` Germany ( GER ) '' following the reunification in 1990 . Germany is one of the most successful national teams in international competitions , having won a total of four World Cups ( 1954 , 1974 , 1990 , 2014 ) and three European Championships ( 1972 , 1980 , 1996 ) . They have also been runners-up three times in the European Championships , four times in the World Cup , and a further four third-place finishes at World Cups . East Germany won Olympic Gold in 1976 . Germany is the only nation to have won both the men 's and women 's World Cups . At the end of the 2014 FIFA World Cup , Germany earned the highest Elo rating of any national football team in history , with a record 2200 points . Germany is also the only European nation that has won a FIFA World Cup in the Americas . The current manager of the national team is Joachim Löw .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1c1c4875272d249cf29398574019932b", "text": "Senegal at the FIFA World Cup This is a record of Senegal 's results at the FIFA World Cup . The FIFA World Cup , sometimes called the Football World Cup or the Soccer World Cup , but usually referred to simply as the World Cup , is an international association football competition contested by the men 's national teams of the members of Fédération Internationale de Football Association ( FIFA ) , the sport 's global governing body . The championship has been awarded every four years since the first tournament in 1930 , except in 1942 and 1946 , due to World War II . The tournament consists of two parts , the qualification phase and the final phase ( officially called the World Cup Finals ) . The qualification phase , which currently take place over the three years preceding the Finals , is used to determine which teams qualify for the Finals . The current format of the Finals involves 32 teams competing for the title , at venues within the host nation ( or nations ) over a period of about a month . The World Cup Finals is the most widely viewed sporting event in the world , with an estimated 715.1 million people watching the 2006 tournament final . Senegal have appeared in the finals of the FIFA World Cup on one occasion in 2002 where they reached the quarter finals .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64770286547f572a177f1484c14ed475", "text": "List of Intercontinental Cup (football) winners The Intercontinental Cup was an association football club competition contested annually from 1960 to 2004 between the winners of the European Cup and the South American Copa Libertadores . The competition was endorsed by both the Union of European Football Associations ( UEFA ) and the Confederación Sudamericana de Fútbol ( CONMEBOL ) and , until 1979 , it was played over two legs . From 1980 , its format was changed to a single match traditionally held in Tokyo , Japan , due to its new sponsorship . The Intercontinental Cup was disbanded in 2004 in favour of the FIFA Club World Cup , which includes the champion clubs from all of the Fédération Internationale de Football Association ( FIFA ) member confederations . In its first eight editions , the competition 's winner was decided on a points system ; if necessary , a play-off match would be held to determine the outcome in case of a tie . In 1968 , the system was changed so that aggregate score would dictate the winning club . If the tie was level after both legs , the away goals rule was applied . Nacional and Peñarol ( Uruguay ) , Boca Juniors ( Argentina ) , Real Madrid ( Spain ) , and A.C. Milan ( Italy ) hold the record for the most victories , each team having won the competition three times ; Milan and Independiente ( Argentina ) have the most runner-up places ( four ) . Overall , 25 different clubs won the competition during its 45 editions . Argentinian clubs won the most cups , with nine trophies among them ; Italian clubs won the second most ( seven ) , and Brazilian teams are third with six victories . The most successful confederation is CONMEBOL , teams representing the confederation have won the competition 22 times and been runners-up 21 times . Teams representing the European football confederation UEFA have won the competition 21 times and been runners-up 22 times . The last Intercontinental Cup was won by 2004 European champions Porto of Portugal , who beat Colombian side Once Caldas by 8 -- 7 in a penalty shootout , after the match finished 0 -- 0 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "81a78bcddd28c7e53bd5207302574209", "text": "1987 Copa América Final The 1987 Copa América Final was the final match of the 1987 Copa América . It was held on July 12 , 1987 , in Buenos Aires . Uruguay won the match against Chile by a 1-0 score . This was the ninth cup for Uruguay and the second final for Chile .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d68c4daa2f1f5e51c4a5e3c18ab852e9", "text": "Association football culture Association football culture refers to the cultural aspects surrounding the game of association football . In many countries , football has ingrained itself into the national culture , and parts of life may revolve around it . Many countries have daily football newspapers , as well as football magazines . Football players , especially in the top levels of the game , have become role models for people . The FIFA World Cup held every four years is the quintessential football event , combining the greatest players in the world and the passion of the fans . Football has a long and glorious history , with which a vast and diverse culture has emerged . The culture of football can be easily divided into how the players , fans and clubs see the sport .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ed99c4a7fd246fdc4f4d563c93aa909a", "text": "Sport in Peru Sports in Peru are popular and widespread .", "title": "" } ]
fever
3c043b428638c2555c91fef8c697b3d1
Perth is the capitol of the nation Western Australia.
[ { "docid": "13161dd454642e01810cccf02946c395", "text": "Perth Perth is the capital and largest city of the Australian state of Western Australia . It is the fourth-most populous city in Australia , with an estimated population of 2.06 million living in Greater Perth . Perth is part of the South West Land Division of Western Australia , with the majority of the metropolitan area located on the Swan Coastal Plain , a narrow strip between the Indian Ocean and the Darling Scarp . The first areas settled were on the Swan River , with the city 's central business district and port ( Fremantle ) both located on its shores . Perth was founded by Captain James Stirling in 1829 as the administrative centre of the Swan River Colony . It gained city status ( currently vested in the smaller City of Perth ) in 1856 , and was promoted to the status of a Lord Mayorality in 1929 . The city is named after Perth , Scotland , due to the influence of Sir George Murray , Member of Parliament for Perthshire and Secretary of State for War and the Colonies . The city 's population increased substantially as a result of the Western Australian gold rushes in the late 19th century . During Australia 's involvement in World War II , Fremantle served as a base for submarines operating in the Pacific Theatre , and a US Navy Catalina flying boat fleet was based at Matilda Bay . An influx of immigrants after the war , predominantly from Britain , Greece , Italy and Yugoslavia , led to rapid population growth . This was followed by a surge in economic activity flowing from several mining booms in the late 20th and early 21st centuries that saw Perth become the regional headquarters for a number of large mining operations located around the state . As part of Perth 's role as the capital of Western Australia , the state 's Parliament and Supreme Court are located within the city , as is Government House , the residence of the Governor of Western Australia . Perth came seventh in the Economist Intelligence Unit 's August 2016 list of the world 's most liveable cities , and was classified by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network in 2010 as a world city . Perth is divided into 30 local government areas and 250 suburbs , stretching from Two Rocks in the north to Singleton in the south , and east inland to The Lake . Outside of the main CBD , important urban centres within Perth include Armadale , Fremantle , Joondalup , Midland , and Rockingham . Most of those were originally established as separate settlements , and retained a distinct identity after being subsumed into the wider metropolitan area . Mandurah , Western Australia 's second-largest city , has in recent years formed a conurbation with Perth along the coast , though for most purposes it is still considered a separate city .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "4ce0c19ef3cdcd4cb0ed32e6d0b2d20d", "text": "Members of the Western Australian Legislative Assembly, 1901–1904 This is a list of members of the Western Australian Legislative Assembly between the 1901 election and the 1904 election , together known as the Fourth Parliament . The names of parliamentary groupings , which were not formalised parties , were established prior to the 1901 election , with Ministerialists being those sympathetic to former Premier John Forrest , and Oppositionists and Independents defined accordingly . With the exit of Forrest from state politics following his successful shift to the federal Division of Swan , the Ministerial group was defeated in the election and had no obvious choice of leader , but the Opposition , led by George Leake , did not have sufficient numbers to govern in its own right . The failure of the Morgans Ministry in December 1901 after less than a month in office and the unprecedented defeat of three of its Ministers in ministerial by-elections allowed an Opposition-led government with Labour support to govern until the 1904 election with a reasonable level of stability . Therefore , the `` Opposition '' were in government and the `` Ministerial '' group was in opposition for most of the period . Bolton and Mozley ( 1961 ) introduce the terminology `` Forrest party '' and `` Leake party '' , but these were not used by either the press or the groupings themselves .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5c0f2ecd76d1b065ae7de5f7e6af4c48", "text": "Old Parliament House, Canberra Old Parliament House , known formerly as the Provisional Parliament House , was the seat of the Parliament of Australia from 1927 to 1988 . The building began operation on 9 May 1927 after Parliament 's relocation from Melbourne to the new capital , Canberra . In 1988 , the Commonwealth Parliament transferred to the new Parliament House on Capital Hill . It also serves as a venue for temporary exhibitions , lectures and concerts . On 2 May 2008 it was made an Executive Agency of the Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet . On 9 May 2009 , the Executive Agency was renamed the Museum of Australian Democracy at Old Parliament House , reporting to the Special Minister of State . Designed by John Smith Murdoch and a team of assistants from the Department of Works and Railways , the building was intended to be neither temporary nor permanent -- only to be a `` provisional '' building that would serve the needs of Parliament for a maximum of 50 years . The design extended from the building to include its gardens , décor and furnishings . The building is in the Simplified or `` Stripped '' Classical Style , commonly used for Australian government buildings constructed in Canberra during the 1920s and 1930s . It does not include such classical architectural elements as columns , entablatures or pediments , but does have the orderliness and symmetry associated with neoclassical architecture .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "44e5c886328a26bc9d4fc1d486527ba4", "text": "Western Australian state election, 1911 Elections were held in the state of Western Australia on 3 October 1911 to elect 50 members to the Western Australian Legislative Assembly . The Labor Party , led by Opposition Leader John Scaddan , defeated the conservative Ministerialist government led by Premier Frank Wilson . In doing so , Scaddan achieved both Labor 's first absolute majority on the floor of the Assembly with 68 % of the seats ( 34 of 50 ) won , and its largest to date . The result came as something of a surprise to many commentators and particularly to the Ministerialists , as they went to an election for the first time as a single grouping backed by John Forrest 's Western Australian Liberal League , under a new system of compulsory preferential voting and new electoral boundaries both of which had been passed by Parliament earlier in the year despite ardent Labor opposition . The 1911 election is considered by political historians such as Brian de Garis and David Black to mark the end of the first phase of the development of party politics in Western Australia , which had begun with the granting of responsible government to the then British colony in 1890 . Labor held onto government with a one-seat majority in the following 1914 election but lost power in 1916 after losing a by-election and after another member left the Labor Party to sit as an Independent . The Scaddan government was characterised by its involvement in a number of State-owned manufacturing and service businesses on the back of a relatively sluggish economy . The Government Trading Concerns Act 1912 saw it establishing and running the State Brickworks , the State Saw Mills , the State Implement Works , the State Shipping Service , the State Hotels , the State Quarry at Boya as well as meatworks , ferries and tramways .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bd3034ca0602c500bc10a517bcf9c0a2", "text": "Western Province (Victoria) Western Province was a former electorate of the Victorian Legislative Council ( Australia ) , the upper house of the Parliament of Victoria . Victoria was a colony in Australia when Western Province was created . From Federation in 1901 , Victoria was a state in the Commonwealth of Australia . Western Province was one of the six original upper house Provinces of the bi-cameral Victorian Parliament created in November 1856 . Western Province was defined in the Victorian Constitution Act , 1855 , as : `` Including the Counties of Ripon , Hampden , Heytesbury , Villiers , Normanby , Dundas , and Follett . '' In 1882 , several new Provinces were created , including Nelson Province and Wellington Province , the numbers of members elected for Western Province was reduced to three from this time . Another redistribution in 1904 reduced the number of members to two . In 2006 , the Western Province ( along with all the other provinces in the Legislative Council ) was abolished and replaced by regions . All of the area covered by Western Province is contained in the larger Western Victoria Region .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4874ee0f409824a5394ffd019f639206", "text": "City of Bunbury The City of Bunbury is a local government area in the South West region of Western Australia , covering an area of 65.7 km2 along the coast about 180 km south of Perth , the capital of Western Australia . The City of Bunbury is one of four local governments comprising the Greater Bunbury sub-region . As at 30 June 2010 , the City of Bunbury had an estimated population of 34,626 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "002967cf86b0e9a87178e7323df0093e", "text": "Western Desert cultural bloc The Western Desert cultural bloc or just Western Desert is a cultural region in central Australia covering about 600,000 square kilometres , including the Gibson Desert , the Great Victoria Desert , the Great Sandy and Little Sandy Deserts in the Northern Territory , South Australia and Western Australia . The Western Desert cultural bloc can be said to stretch from the Nullarbor in the south to the Kimberley in the north , and from the Percival Lakes in the west through to the Pintupi lands in the Northern Territory . The term is often used by anthropologists and linguists when discussing the 40 or so Aboriginal groups that live there , who speak dialects of one language , often called the Western Desert language . Apart from the Canning Stock Route and the Rabbit-proof fence , white contact with this part of Australia was very rare , until the 1960s : No one had been out there . The desert , as far as the Department -LSB- WA Dept of Suppy -RSB- was concerned ... was an unknown , as it was to the whole of Western Australia . The Warburton Ranges -LSB- were -RSB- as far as anybody got . People in those days knew absolutely nothing about Aborigines . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d7463500e834387b8c395bc7415d511a", "text": "Western Australian state election, 1943 Elections were held in the state of Western Australia on 20 November 1943 to elect all 50 members to the Legislative Assembly . The Labor Party , led by Premier John Willcock , won a fourth term in office against the Country and Nationalist parties , led by Opposition Leader Arthur Watts and Robert Ross McDonald respectively . The election took place in the midst of World War II , and as such , turnout was considerably down on the previous election . The election was delayed from its intended date of February 1942 by the Legislative Assembly Duration and General Election Postponement Acts ( No 51 of 1941 , assented 16 January 1942 , and No 18 of 1942 , assented 9 December 1942 ) due to the war . In the previous term , two changes of membership occurred at by-elections . George Lambert , the Labor member for Yilgarn-Coolgardie , died on 30 June 1941 and was replaced by former Labor branch secretary Lionel Kelly , running under the `` Independent Country '' banner . He ultimately joined the Labor Party and became a minister in the Bert Hawke government in the 1950s . In 1943 , long-serving and colourful independent Thomas Hughes resigned his seat of East Perth to contest the federal seat of Perth . It was picked up by Labor 's Herb Graham . Prior to the election , former Independent Nationalist Arthur Abbott joined the Nationalist Party .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "76b9f52585e2791ea100a3d86a483f1e", "text": "Shire of Perenjori The Shire of Perenjori is a local government area in the Mid West region of Western Australia , about 360 km north of the state capital , Perth . The Shire covers an area of 8313 km2 , and its seat of government is the town of Perenjori .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "def83c499b8082bc88bf7b19f1a7b409", "text": "Great Southern (Western Australia) __ NOTOC __ The Great Southern Region is one of the nine regions of Western Australia , as defined by the Regional Development Commissions Act 1993 , for the purposes of economic development . It is a section of the larger South Coast of Western Australia and neighbouring agricultural regions . The region officially comprises the local government areas of Albany , Broomehill-Tambellup , Cranbrook , Denmark , Gnowangerup , Jerramungup , Katanning , Kent , Kojonup , Plantagenet and Woodanilling . The Great Southern Region has an area of 39007 km2 and a population of about 54,000 . Its administrative centre is the historic port of Albany . It has a Mediterranean climate , with hot , dry summers and cool , wet winters . The economy of the Great Southern Region is dominated by livestock farming and crop-growing . It has some of the most productive cereal grain and pastoral land in the state , and is a major producer of wool and lamb . Albany is a major fishing centre . The coast of the Great Southern Region has milder summer weather than areas on the west coast proper and is also a popular destination for holidaymakers , tourists , anglers and surfers . Albany is home to the Kalgan River which is associated with riverboats , from 1918 to 1935 with the Silver Star which lowered its funnel to get under a bridge , and today with the Kalgan Queen which lowers its roof to pass beneath the same bridge . Noongar people have inhabited the region for tens of thousands of years . European settlement began with the establishment of a temporary British military base , commanded by Major Edmund Lockyer , at King George Sound ( Albany ) on Christmas Day , 1826 . Albany is consequently regarded as the oldest European settlement in Western Australia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9193c1145d3392c90a2a48ace0e843b2", "text": "Monarchy of Australia The monarchy of Australia is a form of government in which a hereditary king or queen serves as the nation 's sovereign . Australia is governed under a form of constitutional monarchy , largely modelled on the Westminster system of parliamentary government , while incorporating features unique to the Constitution of Australia . The present monarch is Elizabeth II , styled Queen of Australia , who has reigned since 6 February 1952 . She is represented in Australia by the Governor-General , in accordance with the Australian Constitution and letters patent from the Queen . In each of the states , the monarch is represented by a governor , appointed directly by the Queen on the advice of each of her respective state governments . The Australian monarch , besides reigning in Australia , separately serves as monarch for each of 15 other Commonwealth nations known as realms . This developed from the former colonial relationship between these countries and the United Kingdom , but they are now independent of each other and are legally distinct .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c6b165b7b61c9cc420dcee0fb231ebb4", "text": "Innaloo, Western Australia Innaloo is a suburb of Perth , the capital city of Western Australia 9 km from Perth 's central business district in the local government area is the City of Stirling . Innaloo is a more established residential suburb that is also home to the Westfield Innaloo and Westfield Innaloo Megacentre shopping centres , and is adjacent to Perth 's largest cinema complex , the 18-cinema Greater Union Megaplex Innaloo .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "17ee9c30b073bccfc8b0ce94949f4f3d", "text": "North Perth North Perth may refer to : North Perth , Ontario , Canada North Perth , Western Australia", "title": "" }, { "docid": "60b3204ef077381bedaea240f6205904", "text": "National Tally Room The National Tally Room was the Australian centre for national ( federal ) election results to be tallied ( totaled ) for electorates ( Divisions ) making up the Parliament of Australia , which consists of the Australian House of Representatives and the Australian Senate . The tally room normally opened as results begin to flow in after voting ends at 6pm on the day of the election , always a Saturday , in the respective states and territories and polling places begin to count the votes ; however , some voting figures could come in as early as 5.20 pm . The room closed after the final results from polling places were announced to the tally room , often after midnight following the day of the election . ( Note : Polling centres that did not finish counting all votes recommenced counting on Sunday . ) The tally room was set up in the Budawang Building at Exhibition Park in Canberra ( EPIC ) in the northern suburbs of Canberra , the national capital city of Australia . A former venue , in the late 1970s , was the then newly built hall at Belconnen High School , a high school in the Canberra district of Belconnen . The building was fitted out by the Australian Electoral Commission ( AEC ) for the national elections , and was also used for live broadcasts by media outlets , normally led by the Australian television networks . Over 700 people worked in the tally room on the evening of the election . Boards representing each electorate ( Division ) and Senate seat were set up on a `` tally wall '' . A box representing each Division was headed by the name of the Division and the number of registered electors ( shown in green lettering ) , then the names of the candidates prefaced by the acronym for their political party , and against their names the currently-recorded count of first preference votes ; at the bottom were two lines ( A and B ) for Two Candidate Preferred totals , estimating the result after a notional distribution of the preference votes . Staff at the rear of the tally wall changed the details by attaching numbers sheets to the rotating portion of the Division boxes . Media and the public followed the electoral results from the viewing gallery and the media/television sets on the floor of the tally room . Often , current , former or prospective members of the Parliament were seen on the floor , or at the media booths ( see picture above . ) For the 2013 federal election , no television networks chose to use the tally room as their backdrop , and subsequently , the AEC announced it would not operate the room for that election . The National Tally Room was replaced by an online `` Virtual '' Tally Room , and the tally board donated to the Museum of Australian Democracy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa3df386e038ee76ba9ec1639e4cb8c2", "text": "Pilbara The Pilbara ( -LSB- ˈpɪlbərʌ -RSB- or -LSB- ˈpɪlbrʌ -RSB- ) is a large , dry , thinly populated region in the north of Western Australia . It is known for its Aboriginal peoples ; its ancient landscapes ; the red earth ; its vast mineral deposits , in particular iron ore ; and as a global biodiversity hotspot for subterranean fauna . It is one of nine regions of the Regional Development Commissions Act 1993 , and is also a bioregion under the Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia ( IBRA ) . The region has an estimated population of 48,610 . The Pilbara covers an area of 502,000 km2 , which includes some of Earth 's oldest rock formations . It includes landscapes of coastal plains and mountain ranges with cliffs and gorges . The major settlements of the region are Port Hedland , Karratha and Newman . The three main ports in this region are Port Hedland , Dampier and Port Walcott . The area is known for its petroleum , natural gas and iron ore deposits , which contribute significantly to Australia 's economy . Other than mining , pastoral activities as well as fishing and tourism are the main industries .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "69698123e0d14c061f8513b7a09c1013", "text": "Neerabup, Western Australia Neerabup is a rural locality in Perth , the capital of Western Australia within the local government area of the City of Wanneroo .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e99c4924fe1bc958a67dbba6352b16d3", "text": "Eben Allen Ebenezer `` Eben '' Allen ( 15 November 1868 -- 20 May 1931 ) was an Australian businessman and politician who was a member of the Legislative Assembly of Western Australia from 1911 to 1917 , representing the seat of West Perth . Allen was born in Adelaide , South Australia , to Mary Selina ( née Cant ) and Joseph Allen . He attended Glenelg Grammar School ( run by F. I. Caterer ) , and after leaving school worked for various Adelaide firms . Allen married Effie Marian Conigrave in 1895 ( with whom he later had two children ) , and in 1899 moved to Western Australia to work for her father , J. Fairfax Conigrave . He eventually went into business on his own , as an auctioneer , real estate agent , and shipping agent . He became secretary of the Perth Chamber of Commerce , and was also a director of a local building society . Allen served on the Perth City Council from 1904 to 1912 and again from 1915 to 1918 . He first ran for parliament at the 1908 Legislative Council elections , but lost to Arthur Jenkins in Metropolitan Province . At the 1911 state election , Allen was elected to parliament running for the newly formed Liberal Party . He replaced the retiring member in West Perth , Thomas Draper . Allen was re-elected at the 1914 election , but at the 1917 election was opposed by Draper , who had decided he wished to resume his parliamentary career . Both he and Draper stood for the Nationalist Party , which had been created earlier in the year , but Draper was more popular , winning back his former seat with 53.3 percent of the first-preference vote . Allen recontested West Perth at the 1921 election , but polled only the third-highest number of votes . Draper lost his seat regardless , with the winning candidate , Edith Cowan , becoming the first female member of parliament in Australia . Allen died in Perth in May 1931 , aged 62 . He committed suicide by shooting himself in the head on the Perth Esplanade , having had business troubles and been in poor physical health .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5edef2cd5f4a2b2fc5cc7c1e3ee9eaff", "text": "Shire of Denmark The Shire of Denmark is a local government area in the Great Southern region of Western Australia , about 55 km west of Albany and about 420 km south-southeast of the state capital , Perth . The Shire of Denmark covers an area of 1860 km2 , and its seat of government is located in the townsite and locality of Denmark .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c47fa8c2ecc90b6ff65d8ce110ef49e1", "text": "Forrest Highway Forrest Highway is a 95 km highway in Western Australia 's Peel and South West regions , extending Perth 's Kwinana Freeway from east of Mandurah down to Bunbury . Old Coast Road was the original Mandurah -- Bunbury route , dating back to the 1840s . Part of that road , and the Australind Bypass around Australind and Eaton , were subsumed by Forrest Highway . The highway begins at Kwinana Freeway 's southern terminus in Ravenswood , continues around the Peel Inlet to Lake Clifton , and heads south to finish at Bunbury 's Eelup Roundabout . There are a number of at-grade intersections with minor roads in the shires of Murray , Waroona , and Harvey including Greenlands Road and Old Bunbury Road , both of which connect to South Western Highway near Pinjarra . The settlement of Australind by the Western Australian Land Company in 1840 -- 41 prompted the first real need for a good quality road to Perth . A coastal Australind -- Mandurah route was completed by 2 November 1842 . Though the road was rebuilt by convicts in the 1850s , its importance was already declining . With a new road via Pinjarra at the foothills of the Darling Scarp completed in 1876 , and the opening of the Perth − Bunbury railway in 1893 , few people travelled up the old coastal road . In the late 1930s there was a proposal to re-establish the road as a tourist route , which could also reduce traffic on the main road along the foothills , but it was put on hold due to World War II . Improvements to Old Coast Road started in the early 1950s , but with little progress made until 1954 when the Main Roads Department approved # 1000 worth of works . The name `` Old Coast Road '' was formally adopted on 27 January 1959 , and a sealed road was completed in September 1969 . Since the 1980s , the state government has been upgrading the main Perth to Bunbury route , by extending Kwinana Freeway south from Perth , and constructing a dual carriageway on Old Coast Road north of Bunbury , including bypasses around Australind and Dawesville . A bypass was also planned around Mandurah , which underwent detailed environmental reviews and assessments in the 1990s and early 2000s . Construction of the New Perth Bunbury Highway project , which became Forrest Highway and the final Kwinana Freeway extension , began in December 2006 , and the new highway was opened on 20 September 2009 . Within one year of opening , the number of road accidents in the area had decreased significantly , but tourism and businesses in the towns on bypassed routes were also affected . There are few services alongside the highway , although a pair of roadhouses are planned near Greenlands Road . In June 2014 , Forrest Highway was extended south to Bunbury by renaming much of Old Coast Road as well as Australind Bypass as part of the highway .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "38f817e740be8af6c369a4e68f8003d4", "text": "Carlisle, Western Australia Carlisle is a suburb of Perth , Western Australia . Its local government area is the town of Victoria Park .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "81a3c3c81b9a62ab97c46278ada16f73", "text": "Forrest Chase Forrest Chase is a major shopping centre in Forrest Place located in Perth , Western Australia .", "title": "" } ]
fever
8e4cb05e8d568abbc68f8779d3e72f8e
David Mazouz played Jacob Bohm.
[ { "docid": "a640767bdc36c0c15e6a5000de5dbf22", "text": "David Mazouz David Mazouz ( -LSB- dəˈviːd_məˈzuːz -RSB- born February 19 , 2001 ) is an American actor . An early role of his was that of the young autistic Jacob `` Jake '' Bohm in the TV series Touch . He portrays a young Bruce Wayne in Fox 's TV series Gotham , based on the DC Comics alter ego of the superhero Batman .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "f31e5c2f938f52043d949c15d2635373", "text": "David Drake (actor) David Drake ( born June 27 , 1963 ) is an American playwright , stage director , actor and author . He is best known as the author and original performer of The Night Larry Kramer Kissed Me , for which he received a Village Voice Obie Award , a 1994 Drama-Logue Award for `` Outstanding Solo Performance , '' and a Robbie Stevens Frontiers Magazine Award for the same . Nominations include a 1994 LA Weekly Theater Award and a Lambda Literary Award nomination for `` Best New Play of 1994 '' ( published by Anchor Books ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f3e69b0bfb868ad8002d3221af6e90a6", "text": "Frank Mazzola Frank Mazzola ( March 7 , 1935 -- January 13 , 2015 ) was an American actor and film editor with about fifteen credits dating from 1969 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "628047b742ff829101b0e30c15010d12", "text": "David W. Zucker David W. Zucker is President of Television for Scott Free , and Executive Producer of the landmark series adaptation of Philip K. Dick 's classic `` The Man in the High Castle '' for Amazon , esteemed Civil War medical drama `` Mercy Street '' on PBS , the forthcoming first season of the Amazon half-hour action-comedy starring Jean-Claude Van Damme as `` Jean-Claude Van Johnson , '' the AMC anthological psychological thriller `` The Terror , '' `` The Good Fight , '' the widely acclaimed CBS all-access spin-off of `` The Good Wife , '' and `` Killing Reagan , '' the fourth in the acclaimed National Geographic channel series of `` Killing '' telefilms ( which include `` Killing Jesus '' and `` Killing Kennedy , '' both Emmy-nominated , plus the docudrama `` Killing Lincoln '' ) . During his tenure , Scott Free has produced a steady stream of highly acclaimed programs including the Emmy and Golden Globe-nominated , Peabody-winning drama , `` The Good Wife , '' which recently concluded its 7th and final season on CBS , as well as `` Numb3rs , '' which ran for six successful seasons on the same network . Notable long form programs include `` Klondike '' for Discovery , the Emmy and Golden Globe-nominated `` The Pillars of the Earth '' for Starz , `` World Without End '' for Reelz , Emmy-nominated `` Into the Storm '' for HBO , Emmy-nominated `` The Andromeda Strain '' and `` Coma '' for A&E , the Golden Globe-nominated `` The Company '' at TNT and a feature-length digital series for X-Box/Microsoft , `` Halo : Nightfall . '' Acclaimed non-fiction programs include `` Crimes of the Century '' and the Emmy-winning documentary special `` Gettysburg '' for History Channel . Previously , Zucker worked as a Story Editor on the CBS series , Judging Amy , wrote pilot scripts for CBS and ABC , as well as various stage plays , and served as VP of Drama Series for CBS in addition to VP of Drama Series & Current Programs at Warner Bros. . TV .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b6e4d7bfe46d25403ed4aff1cffdb735", "text": "Joachim Fuchsberger Joachim `` Blacky '' Fuchsberger ( pronounced -LSB- ˈjoːaxɪm ˈfʊçsbɛrɡɐ -RSB- 11 March 1927 -- 11 September 2014 ) was a German-Australian actor , television host , lyricist and businessman best known to a wide German-speaking audience as one of the recurring actors in various Edgar Wallace movies ( always playing one of the good guys , often a Detective Inspector with Scotland Yard ) . In the English-speaking world , he was sometimes credited as Akim Berg or Berger .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5901eb12a9bb632558ea3c9b84095c61", "text": "Daniel Holtz Daniel Holtz is a fictional character on the television series Angel . He was played by Keith Szarabajka .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5e820f837b938b216306c9e82a3fc3d2", "text": "Jacob Matschenz Jacob Matschenz ( born 1984 , Berlin ) is a German actor . He is notable for film and television work including The Wave ( 2008 ) , 12 Paces Without a Head ( 2009 ) and The Sinking of the Laconia ( 2010 ) . He won the Adolf Grimme Award in 2008 for his appearance in An die Grenze .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d33671e8540a2999ff3f1bf52b89a880", "text": "Aaron Eckhart Aaron Edward Eckhart ( born March 12 , 1968 ) is an American film and stage actor . Born in Cupertino , California , he moved to the UK at age 13 , when his father relocated the family . Several years later , he began his acting career by performing in school plays , before moving to Sydney , Australia for his high school senior year . He left high school without graduating , but earned a diploma through an adult education course , and graduated from Brigham Young University ( BYU ) in 1994 with a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree in film . For much of the mid-1990s , he lived in New York City as a struggling , unemployed actor . As an undergraduate at BYU , Eckhart met director and writer Neil LaBute , who cast him in several of his own original plays . Five years later Eckhart made a debut as an unctuous , sociopathic ladies ' man in LaBute 's black comedy film In the Company of Men ( 1997 ) . Under LaBute 's guidance he worked in the director 's films Your Friends & Neighbors ( 1998 ) , Nurse Betty ( 2000 ) , and Possession ( 2002 ) . Eckhart gained wide recognition as George in Steven Soderbergh 's critically acclaimed film Erin Brockovich ( 2000 ) , and in 2006 received a Golden Globe nomination for Best Actor for his portrayal of Nick Naylor in Thank You for Smoking . Another mainstream breakout occurred in 2008 when he starred in the blockbuster Batman film The Dark Knight as District Attorney Harvey Dent . Other key roles include The Pledge ( 2001 ) , The Core ( 2003 ) , Rabbit Hole ( 2010 ) Battle : Los Angeles ( 2011 ) , Olympus Has Fallen ( 2013 ) , I , Frankenstein ( 2014 ) , Olympus '' ' sequel , London Has Fallen and Sully '' ( both 2016 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "387d2619385c02a23def1fbaaee153a8", "text": "Charles Hart (actor) Charles Hart ( c. 1625 -- 18 August 1683 ) was a prominent British Restoration actor . A Charles Hart was christened on 11 December 1625 , in the parish of St. Giles Cripplegate , in London . It is not absolutely certain that this was the actor , though the name was not common at the time . . Hart began his career as a boy player with the King 's Men ; he was an apprentice of Richard Robinson , longtime member of that company . Hart established his reputation by playing the role of the Duchess in The Cardinal , the tragedy by James Shirley , in 1641 . He served as a soldier in the English Civil War , and was an officer in Prince Rupert 's regiment of cavalry , along with fellow actors Nicholas Burt and Robert Shatterell . Hart and the others most likely saw combat at the battles of Marston Moor and Nasby , and perhaps at Edgehill as well . Hart then returned to acting ; evidence suggests he was with other displaced English actors in Europe in 1646 . In 1648 , Hart , Walter Clun and eight other actors , were involved in an attempt to restart the King 's Men company during the Puritan Commonwealth , which , perhaps unsurprisingly , did not succeed . On 5 February 1648 , at the Cockpit Theatre , Hart and other King 's Men were arrested for violating the ban against theatrical performance ; they were caught in the midst of a performance of Rollo Duke of Normandy ( in which Hart played the character Otto ) . Hart and the others were imprisoned for a short time , then released . Just before the Restoration of the monarchy in 1660 , acting resumed on a larger scale , and Hart seems to have been then a member of a company performing at the Cockpit playhouse , led by Michael Mohun . As soon as the King 's Company was formed in 1660 , Hart became one of its leading men ; he specialized in playing the male half of witty , bantering couples . This type of dialogue in Restoration comedy was largely influenced by the talents and personalities of Hart and Nell Gwyn , in plays like James Howard 's The Mad Couple ; Gwyn was his mistress before she became Charles II 's . Hart 's natural dignity in playing royal roles was also often commented on by contemporaries , and in the heroic play he `` was celebrated for superman roles , notably the arrogant , bloodthirsty Almanzor in John Dryden 's Conquest of Granada . '' When Hart played in Euterpe Restored in 1672 , Richard Flecknoe composed the following lines : Beauty to the eye , and music to the ear , Such even the nicest critics must allow Burbage was once and such Charles Hart is now . Throughout his Restoration career , Hart filled a range of noteworthy parts . He was Cassio in early stagings of Shakespear 's Othello ; after 1669 he played the title role . He played roles in revivals of plays by Shakespeare , Ben Jonson , and John Fletcher -- Hotspur in Henry IV , Part 1 Brutus in Julius Caesar Mosca in Volpone Demetrius in The Humorous Lieutenant Michael Perez in Rule a Wife and Have a Wife Arbaces in A King and No King Amintor in The Maid 's Tragedy Rollo in Rollo Duke of Normandy Welford in The Scornful Lady Don John in The Chances -- and in contemporary dramas , by John Dryden -- Marc Antony in All for Love Porphyrius in Tyrannick Love Aurange Zebe in Aurang-zebe Celadon in The Maiden Queen Wildblood in An Evening 's Love Cortez in The Indian Emperour Aurelian in The Assignation -- and by other dramatists -- Horner in Wycherly 's The Country Wife Manly in Wycherly 's The Plain Dealer Phraartes in Crowne 's The Destruction of Jerusalem Massinissa in Lee 's Sophonisba , or Hannibal 's Overthrow Alexander the Great in Lee 's The Rival Queens Ziphares in Lee 's Mythridates , King of Pontus Lord Delaware in Boyle 's The Black Prince . In 1682 , when the King 's Company joined with the Duke 's Company to form the United Company , Hart retired due to poor health , with a pension of 40 shillings per week . The well-known story that Hart was the illegitimate grandson of Shakespeare 's sister Joan is largely discredited .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ebdfa36d7fb64bda808750013a40e4ac", "text": "David Morse (actor) David Bowditch Morse ( born October 11 , 1953 ) is an American actor , singer , director and writer . He first came to national attention as Dr. Jack `` Boomer '' Morrison in the medical drama series St. Elsewhere ( 1982 -- 88 ) . He continued his film career with roles in The Negotiator , Contact , The Green Mile , Disturbia , The Long Kiss Goodnight , The Rock and 12 Monkeys . In 2006 , Morse had a recurring role as Detective Michael Tritter on the medical drama series House , for which he received an Emmy Award nomination . He portrayed George Washington in the 2008 HBO miniseries John Adams , which garnered him a second Emmy nomination . He has also received acclaim for his portrayal of Uncle Peck on the Off-Broadway play How I Learned to Drive , earning a Drama Desk Award and Obie Award . He had success on Broadway too , portraying James `` Sharky '' Harkin in The Seafarer . From 2010 to 2013 , he portrayed Terry Colson , an honest police officer in a corrupt New Orleans police department , on the HBO series Treme . He currently stars in the WGN America series Outsiders .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8de6a8acf07448c54544aaeaf0f93a18", "text": "Dave Scotti David Louis Scotti ( born December 14 , 1971 ) is an American film and stage actor known primarily for his recurring role as Vito Manzi on the television soap opera General Hospital . He first gained attention as villain Tony Cicero in the Boston stage premiere of Vig and also as Gary , the agent , in I hate Hamelet . He continued his career with film and television roles including the comedy caper Docs and robbers , and the short film The right hook ( HBO Arts Festival winner ) , for which he won the 2001 Best Actor award at The Jersey Short Film Festival . His screenplay of The Right Hook ( co-written with director Luke Greenfield ) , as well as the making of the film , was published in the book Short Films 101 by Frederick Levy ( Pedigree Trade , 2004 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6a4690039271d66afe4bdacbb13afd71", "text": "Jeffrey Tambor Jeffrey Michael Tambor ( born July 8 , 1944 ) is an American actor , voice artist , and comedian widely known for his roles as Hank Kingsley on The Larry Sanders Show , George Bluth Sr. and Oscar Bluth on Arrested Development , and Maura Pfefferman on Transparent , for which he has received one Golden Globe , one Screen Actors Guild and two Emmy Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e0ea78667f65c903d6154771f64c6faa", "text": "David Berkowitz David Richard Berkowitz ( born Richard David Falco ; June 1 , 1953 ) , known also as the Son of Sam and the .44 Caliber Killer , is an American serial killer who was convicted of eight separate shooting attacks that began in New York City during the summer of 1976 . The crimes were perpetrated with a .44 caliber Bulldog revolver . He killed six people and wounded seven others by July 1977 . As the number of victims increased , Berkowitz eluded the biggest police manhunt in the history of New York City while leaving letters that mocked the police and promised further crimes , which were highly publicized by the press . The killing spree terrorized New Yorkers and achieved worldwide notoriety . On the evening of August 10 , 1977 , Berkowitz was taken into custody by New York City police homicide detectives in front of his Yonkers apartment building , and he was subsequently indicted for eight shooting incidents . He confessed to all of them , and claimed to have been obeying the orders of a demon , manifested in the form of a dog `` Harvey '' who belonged to his neighbor `` Sam '' . Despite his explanation , Berkowitz was found mentally competent to stand trial . He pleaded guilty to second-degree murder and was incarcerated in state prison . In the course of further police investigation , Berkowitz was also implicated in many unsolved arsons in the city . Intense coverage of the case by the media lent a kind of celebrity status to Berkowitz , and some observers noted that he seemed to enjoy it . In response , the New York State legislature enacted new legal statutes , known popularly as `` Son of Sam laws '' , designed to keep criminals from profiting financially from the publicity created by their crimes . Despite various amendments and legal challenges , the statutes have remained law in New York , and similar laws have been enacted in several other states . Berkowitz has been imprisoned since his arrest and is serving six consecutive life sentences . During the mid-1990s , he amended his confession to claim that he had been a member of a violent Satanic cult that orchestrated the incidents as ritual murder . He remains the only person ever charged with the shootings , yet some law enforcement authorities have questioned whether Berkowitz 's claims are credible . A new investigation of the murders began during 1996 , but was suspended indefinitely after inconclusive findings .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "097d2e4cbd278542acd22ae5e9b45657", "text": "Mr. Broadway Mr. Broadway is an American 13-episode CBS adventure and drama television series starring Craig Stevens as New York City public relations specialist Mike Bell . The program aired at 9 p.m. Eastern time Saturdays from September 26 to December 26 , 1964 . Also featured were Bell 's assistant , Toki , portrayed by Lani Miyazaki , and his police contact , Hank McClure , played by Horace McMahon . Mr. Broadway , a Talent Associates Production , was created by Garson Kanin and produced by David Susskind and Daniel Melnick . Dave Brubeck supplied the music and theme . It was shot on location in New York City . Although ` Mr. Broadway ' was only aired 13 episodes , it featured some notable guest stars , including Jason Robards , Lauren Bacall , Tuesday Weld , Jill St. John , Art Carney and Liza Minnelli in her first dramatic TV role . Notable episodes include guest appearances by Liza Minnelli as Minnie in `` Nightingale for Sale '' ; Sandy Dennis in `` Do n't Mention My Name in Sheboygan '' , and Lauren Bacall as Barbara Lake , with Martin Balsam as Nate Bannerman , in `` Something to Sing About '' . Other episodes are `` Keep an Eye on Emily '' ( the series ' pilot ) with Tuesday Weld as Emily and Oleg Cassini as himself , `` Take a Walk Through a Cemetery '' with Lauren Bacall , again , but also with Jason Robards , Jr. , and Jill St. John , `` Try to Find a Spy '' with Barbara Feldon and Simon Oakland , `` Between the Rats and the Finks '' with Larry Hagman , Dyan Cannon , Bruce Gordon , and Patrick McVey , `` The He-She Chemistry '' with Tammy Grimes , `` Maggie , Queen of the Jungle '' , with Nina Foch in the title role , `` Smelling Like a Rose '' with Art Carney , Hal Roach , and Tina Louise , `` Bad Little Rich Girl '' with Diana Van der Vlis as Mary Beth Warren and Larry Pennell as John Chambers , `` Sticks and Stones May Break My Bones '' with Philip Abbott as Geoffrey Karr and Lola Albright as Duff Daniels . Albright had been Stevens 's co-star on Peter Gunn , and `` Pay Now , Die Later '' , the series finale , with David Wayne as John Zeck and John Ireland as Jimmy King . In the latter episode the wealthy Zeck hires Mike Bell to write his obituary ahead of his death . Mr. Broadway aired following the new sitcom Gilligan 's Island and preceding the durable Western , Gunsmoke . Its competition was the Saturday Night Movie on NBC , and the second half of The Lawrence Welk Show and the first half of The Hollywood Palace on ABC .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "36cf679829b1ee82ae0a58e8e384b8f4", "text": "Hark Bohm Hark Bohm ( born 18 May 1939 ) is a German actor , screenwriter , film director , playwright and former professor for cinema studies . He was born in Hamburg-Othmarschen and grew up on the island Amrum . His younger brother was the actor Marquard Bohm , who starred in some of his early films . He is most notable for his long-time collaboration with Rainer Werner Fassbinder . His first featurefilm as a director was the German western Tschetan , der Indianerjunge shot in 1972 and starring his brother Marquard as well as his adopted son Dschingis Bowakow as Tschetan . In 1978 , he directed the film Moritz , Dear Moritz , which was entered into the 28th Berlin International Film Festival . Ten years later , his film Yasemin was entered into the 38th Berlin International Film Festival . In 1990 , his film Herzlich willkommen was entered into the 40th Berlin International Film Festival . In 1997 , he was a member of the jury at the 47th Berlin International Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "696176d03752a3544d91a4edaa68cb3c", "text": "Golda's Balcony Golda 's Balcony is a play by William Gibson . It follows the trajectory of the life of Golda Meir from Russian immigrant to American schoolteacher to a leader of international politics as the fourth Prime Minister of Israel . Much of its focus is on the period surrounding the 1973 Yom Kippur War , when Israel was attacked by Egypt and Syria . Gibson 's drama suggests Meir threatened Richard Nixon and Henry Kissinger with the launch of nuclear weapons against her enemies , conceivably starting World War III , unless the U.S. came to her country 's aid . Gibson first explored Meir in 1977 in his multi-character work Golda , which was produced on Broadway with Anne Bancroft in the title role . Never fully satisfied with the piece , he decided to tackle the subject matter , this time in the form of a one-woman play . Golda 's Balcony , produced by David Fishelson , opened Off-Broadway at Manhattan Ensemble Theatre ( `` MET '' ) on March 26 , 2003 , where it sold out its entire 16-week run . Three months after closing Off-Broadway , the MET production , also starring Tovah Feldshuh and produced by Fishelson ( directed by Scott Schwartz ) , opened on October 15 , 2003 at the Helen Hayes Theatre , where it ran for 14 previews and 493 performances , making it the longest-running one-woman show in Broadway history . Feldshuh was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play and won the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Solo Performance . In 2006 the play was adapted into a film of the same title , starring Valerie Harper . The term `` Golda 's Balcony '' refers to the nickname given to an area inside the secretive Dimona nuclear weapons facility from which visiting VIPs can observe some of the activity taking place in the underground portion of the facility .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7c7414513b7a85bbd2e50f6b73b86f04", "text": "Ein echter Wiener geht nicht unter Ein echter Wiener geht nicht unter ( German ; literally : A real Viennese does not go under . Free translation : A real/proud Viennese never gives up ) is a classic Austrian television series . It was produced by Österreichischer Rundfunk , Austrian Television , and ran for 24 episodes from 1975 to 1979 . The script writer was Ernst Hinterberger ; the series was based on his 1966 novel Das Salz der Erde ( The Salt of the Earth ) . The producer was Hans Preiner , who initiated the project in his series Impulse ( Impulses ) , which centered on development of new program formats and training of new , young directors . Ein echter Wiener geht nicht unter starred popular Austrian actor Karl Merkatz as the main character , Edmund `` Mundl '' Sackbauer . Mundl lives in a typical Vienna Gemeindebau ( a working-class housing estate ) at Hasengasse , in Vienna 's 10th municipal district ( Favoriten ) . The series used Viennese dialect and became successful after an initial campaign against it by the Krone newspaper as too `` common . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6db02b0cfc977f6ed8b18c65cbca5b19", "text": "Jake Gyllenhaal Jacob Benjamin Gyllenhaal ( -LSB- ˈdʒɪlənhɑːl -RSB- ; born December 19 , 1980 ) is an American actor . A member of the Gyllenhaal family and the son of director Stephen Gyllenhaal and screenwriter Naomi Foner , Gyllenhaal began acting as a child with a screen debut in City Slickers ( 1991 ) , followed by roles in A Dangerous Woman ( 1993 ) and Homegrown ( 1998 ) . His breakthrough performance was as Homer Hickam in October Sky ( 1999 ) and he garnered an Independent Spirit Award nomination for Best Male Lead for playing the title character in the indie cult hit Donnie Darko ( 2001 ) , in which he played a psychologically troubled teenager alongside his older sister , Maggie Gyllenhaal . He subsequently appeared in another indie film , The Good Girl ( 2002 ) and the climate fiction-disaster film The Day After Tomorrow ( 2004 ) , portraying a student caught in a cataclysmic climate event . In 2005 , Gyllenhaal portrayed Anthony `` Swoff '' Swofford in Jarhead , Gwyneth Paltrow 's love interest in Proof , and Jack Twist in Ang Lee 's Brokeback Mountain . For his performance in Brokeback Mountain , he received critical acclaim and won the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role and was nominated for the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Supporting Role , the Satellite Award for Best Supporting Actor -- Motion Picture , and the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor . Gyllenhaal received further recognition for roles in Zodiac ( 2007 ) , Brothers ( 2009 ) , Prince of Persia : The Sands of Time ( 2010 ) , Love & Other Drugs ( 2010 ) , for which he was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor -- Motion Picture Musical or Comedy , Source Code ( 2011 ) , End of Watch ( 2012 ) , Prisoners , Enemy ( both 2013 ) , Nightcrawler ( 2014 ) , Southpaw ( 2015 ) and Nocturnal Animals ( 2016 ) . For Nightcrawler , his performance was widely acclaimed and received rave reviews from critics and he was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor -- Motion Picture Drama , the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role , and the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9eb383bcb451e30a12a869d4890c12f9", "text": "Jacob Hopkins Jacob Turner Hopkins ( born March 4 , 2002 in San Francisco , California ) is an American actor . He is known for playing the role as Alexander Drew in True Blood , and for playing the voice of Gumball ( second for series , third overall ) , in The Amazing World of Gumball , replacing Logan Grove starting from season 3 . However , in mid-season 5 , he was replaced by Nicolas Cantu , whereas his voice had changed by then .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "81d38a67e9e91e229785562fd8362810", "text": "Jon Hamm Jonathan Daniel Hamm ( born March 10 , 1971 ) is an American actor , director , and television producer best known for playing advertising executive Don Draper for the AMC television drama series , Mad Men ( 2007 -- 2015 ) . For much of the mid-1990s , he lived in Los Angeles , making appearances in television series Providence , The Division , What About Brian , and Related . During 2000 , he made his feature movie debut in the space adventure movie Space Cowboys . The next year , he had a minor role in the independent comedy , Kissing Jessica Stein ( 2001 ) . He gained wide recognition when Mad Men began broadcast during July 2007 . His performance earned him the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Television Series -- Drama during 2008 and 2016 and the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series during 2015 . He directed two episodes of the show . During 2008 , Hamm appeared in a remake of the science fiction movie The Day The Earth Stood Still . His first leading movie role was in the 2010 independent thriller Stolen . He also had supporting roles in the movies The Town ( 2010 ) , Sucker Punch ( 2011 ) , and Bridesmaids ( 2011 ) . Hamm has received 16 Primetime Emmy Award nominations for his performances in Mad Men , 30 Rock ( 2006 -- 2013 ) , and Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt ( 2015 -- present ) . His other television credits include featuring in the Sky Arts series A Young Doctor 's Notebook and guest roles in Parks and Recreation and Wet Hot American Summer : First Day of Camp . He provided his voice to the animated movie Shrek Forever After during 2010 , and during 2015 , he featured in the animated movie Minions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1d0471a8d5aac000d5f50f7d66e6c363", "text": "Into the West (miniseries) Into the West is a 2005 miniseries produced by Steven Spielberg and DreamWorks , with six two-hour episodes ( including commercials ) . The series was first broadcast in the U.S. on Turner Network Television ( TNT ) on six Fridays starting on June 10 , 2005 . It was also shown in the UK on BBC2 and BBC HD from November 4 , 2006 , and in Canada on CBC Television . The series also aired in the U.S. on AMC during the summer ( June/July ) and fall ( autumn , September/October ) of 2012 . The miniseries begins in the 1820s and is told mainly through the third person narration of Jacob Wheeler ( Matthew Settle ) and Loved By the Buffalo ( Joseph M. Marshall III ) , although episodes outside the direct observation of both protagonists are also shown . The plot follows the story of two families , one white American , one Native American , as their lives become mingled through the momentous events of American expansion . The story intertwines real and fictional characters and events spanning the period of expansion of the United States in the American West , from 1825 to 1890 . The show has a large cast , with about 250 speaking parts . The series features well known performers including Josh Brolin , Gary Busey , Michael Spears , Tonantzin Carmelo , Skeet Ulrich , Garrett Wang , Steve Reevis , Rachael Leigh Cook , Wes Studi , Irene Bedard , Alan Tudyk , Christian Kane , Russell Means , Jay Tavare , David Midthunder , Keri Russell , Graham Greene , Zahn McClarnon , Tom Berenger , Gil Birmingham , David Paymer , Raoul Trujillo , Eric Schweig , Lance Henriksen , Simon R. Baker , Tyler Christopher , Tatanka Means , Tokala Clifford , Gordon Tootoosis , Sheila Tousey , and Will Patton . It was filmed in Drumheller , Alberta and Santa Fe , New Mexico .", "title": "" } ]
fever
659afdd8e024712b6426150895342a26
Chris Hemsworth wrote The Cabin in the Woods.
[ { "docid": "296b89e6ccb757cfa6f9dc9f9e5b1978", "text": "Chris Hemsworth Chris Hemsworth ( born 11 August 1983 ) is an Australian actor . He is known for playing Kim Hyde in the Australian TV series Home and Away ( 2004-07 ) and Thor in the Marvel Cinematic Universe since 2011 . Hemsworth has also appeared in the science fiction action film Star Trek ( 2009 ) , the thriller adventure A Perfect Getaway ( 2009 ) , the horror comedy The Cabin in the Woods ( 2012 ) , the dark-fantasy action film Snow White and the Huntsman ( 2012 ) , the war film Red Dawn ( 2012 ) , and the biographical sports drama film Rush ( 2013 ) . In 2015 , he starred in the action thriller film Blackhat , had a comedic role in the fifth installment of National Lampoon 's Vacation series , Vacation , and headlined the biographical thriller film In the Heart of the Sea . The following year , Hemsworth had a supporting role in Sony 's reboot of Ghostbusters . Hemsworth will reprise his role as George Kirk in the upcoming Star Trek sequel .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "608d1036abc49bdedc2919f498d35d26", "text": "The Cabin in the Woods The Cabin in the Woods is a 2012 American horror comedy film directed by Drew Goddard in his directorial debut , produced by Joss Whedon , and written by Whedon and Goddard . The film stars Kristen Connolly , Chris Hemsworth , Anna Hutchison , Fran Kranz , Jesse Williams , Richard Jenkins , and Bradley Whitford . The plot follows a group of college students who retreat to a remote forest cabin where they fall victim to backwoods zombies and the two technicians who manipulate the ongoing events from an underground facility . Goddard and Whedon , having worked together previously on Buffy the Vampire Slayer and Angel , wrote the screenplay in three days , describing it as an attempt to `` revitalize '' the slasher film genre and as a critical satire on torture porn . The special effects , monster costumes , special makeup , and prosthetic makeup for the movie were done by veteran horror film actress Heather Langenkamp , her husband David LeRoy Anderson , and their company AFX Studio . Filming took place in Vancouver , British Columbia from March to May 2009 on an estimated budget of $ 30 million . The film was originally slated for release on February 5 , 2010 by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and United Artists , but was indefinitely shelved due to ongoing financial difficulties . In 2011 , Lionsgate picked up the distribution rights . The film premiered on March 9 , 2012 at the South by Southwest film festival in Austin , Texas and was released in the United States on April 13 , 2012 , grossing over $ 66 million worldwide .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "2c7edf7e5208660ff2e9036233916f95", "text": "Cabin in the Sky (musical) Cabin in the Sky is a musical with music by Vernon Duke , book by Lynn Root , and lyrics by John Latouche . The musical opened on Broadway in 1940 . The show is described as a `` parable of Southern Negro Life with echoes of Ferenc Molnár 's Liliom ( which would be turned into the musical Carousel ) and Marc Connelly 's The Green Pastures . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1445773c08da50707979a85167e4edf4", "text": "Houston Film Critics Society Awards 2010 The 4th Houston Film Critics Society Awards were presented on December 18 , 2010 . These awards for `` extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Houston Film Critics Society ( HFCS ) based in Houston , Texas . The organization , founded in 2007 , includes 22 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications in the greater Houston area . The awards are co-sponsored by the Houston Film Commission , Southwest Alternate Media Project , Women in Film and Television/Houston , WorldFest , and the Houston Cinema Arts Society . The nominations for the 2010 awards were announced on December 12 , 2010 . Eligible films do not need to have played or opened in a Houston film theater prior to the nomination deadline , merely made available to the HFCS membership at a screening or on DVD . Along with the 13 `` best of '' category awards , this year also saw the introduction of a new category for `` Worst Movies of the Year '' . The Social Network , True Grit , and 127 Hours each received six nominations , all including the Best Picture , Actor , Direction , and Original Score categories . The Social Network was the HFCS 's most awarded film of 2010 taking top honors in the Best Picture , Best Director ( David Fincher ) , Best Actor ( Jesse Eisenberg ) , and Best Screenplay ( Aaron Sorkin ) categories . Inception was the only other film to garner multiple awards , winning both the Best Original Score ( Hans Zimmer ) and Best Cinematography ( Wally Pfister ) prizes . The other acting awards went to Natalie Portman as Best Actress for Black Swan , Hailee Steinfeld as Best Supporting Actress for True Grit , and Christian Bale as Best Supporting Actor for The Fighter . The remaining film honors went to Toy Story 3 as Best Animated Film , Restrepo as Best Documentary , and The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo as Best Foreign Language Film . `` We Are Sex Bob-Omb '' by Beck from Scott Pilgrim vs. the World was named the Best Original Song . The HFCS 's first-ever award for `` Worst Picture '' was given to Jonah Hex starring Josh Brolin . In addition to the category awards , the HFCS presented their annual Lifetime Achievement Award to Sissy Spacek and its Humanitarian Award to George Clooney . Clooney was selected for `` selflessly using his celebrity for greater good '' . The HFCS award for Outstanding Achievement in Cinema awards were presented to Charles Dove , director of the Rice University Media Center , and Hector Luna , the founder and editor of C-47 Houston .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "12f4e2263046b5b6db7add952af56882", "text": "Christopher Wood (writer) Christopher Hovelle Wood ( 5 November 1935 -- 9 May 2015 ) was an English screenwriter and novelist best known for the Confessions series of novels and films which he wrote as Timothy Lea . Under his own name , he adapted two James Bond novels for the screen : The Spy Who Loved Me ( 1977 , with Richard Maibaum ) and Moonraker ( 1979 ) . Wood 's many novels divide into four groups : semi-autobiographical literary fiction , historical fiction , adventure novels , and pseudonymous humorous erotica .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1ba79b6132cccd824a07d9701c986249", "text": "O Brother, Where Art Thou? O Brother , Where Art Thou ? is a 2000 adventure film written , produced , and directed by Joel and Ethan Coen , and starring George Clooney , John Turturro , and Tim Blake Nelson , with John Goodman , Holly Hunter , and Charles Durning in supporting roles . Set in 1937 rural Mississippi during the Great Depression , the film 's story is a modern satire loosely based on Homer 's epic poem , Odyssey . The title of the film is a reference to the 1941 film Sullivan 's Travels , in which the protagonist ( a director ) wants to film O Brother , Where Art Thou ? , a fictional book about the Great Depression . Much of the music used in the film is period folk music , including that of Virginia bluegrass singer Ralph Stanley . The movie was one of the first to extensively use digital color correction , to give the film an autumnal , sepia-tinted look . The film received positive reviews , and the American folk music soundtrack won a Grammy for Album of the Year in 2001 . The original band soon became popular after the film release and the country and folk musicians who were dubbed into the film , such as John Hartford , Alison Krauss , Emmylou Harris , Gillian Welch , Chris Sharp , and others , joined together to perform the music from the film in a Down from the Mountain concert tour which was filmed for TV and DVD .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d225a5c7c47d00e3647177af76ba0e1", "text": "The Woodsman (2016 film) The Woodsman is a 2016 suspense film directed and written by Paul Leach as his directorial debut , based on Little Red Riding Hood by Charles Perrault . The movie stars Christopher Wolfe as a police detective Alex Whiting who must save Millie Gilson played by Sonya Krueger from a mysterious cult order .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "907c6b7233e1e24c83843a55d64e7cdf", "text": "Winter's Bone Winter 's Bone is a 2010 American independent drama film , an adaptation of Daniel Woodrell 's 2006 novel of the same name . Written and directed by Debra Granik , the film stars Jennifer Lawrence as a teenaged girl in the rural Ozarks of the central United States who , to protect her family from eviction , must locate her missing father . The film explores the interrelated themes of close and distant family ties , the power and speed of gossip , self-sufficiency , and poverty as they are changed by the pervasive underworld of illegal methamphetamine labs . Winter 's Bone won several awards , including the Grand Jury Prize : Dramatic Film at the 2010 Sundance Film Festival . It also received four 2011 Academy Award nominations : Best Picture , Best Adapted Screenplay , Best Actress and Best Supporting Actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "52001679db042df9b42658cb6b59a0f0", "text": "In a Forest, Dark and Deep In a Forest , Dark and Deep is a play by Neil LaBute . It received its world premiere production in the West End 's Vaudeville Theatre on 14 March 2011 following previews from 3 March 2011 , running for a limited season until 4 June 2011 . The production starred Matthew Fox and Olivia Williams . The play had its American premiere at Profiles Theatre in Chicago , Illinois in April 2012 through 3 June . The production stars Darrell W. Cox and Natasha Lowe and was directed by Joe Jahraus.The Chicago Tribune reviewer wrote : `` Interesting and formatively atypical , it strikes me as very much a meditation on what is and is not true , on the ease of rushing to misjudgment , and also a further manifestation of the longstanding authorial fascination with the close link between deep intimacy and dark violence . '' This production was followed by a Contemporary American Theater Festival ( Shepherdstown , West Virginia ) production as part of the 2012 Festival from 6 to 29 July 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eb35fd5779ebd38bde53d5f78759f94d", "text": "Chris Woods Christopher Charles Eric `` Chris '' Woods ( born 14 November 1959 ) is a former England international football goalkeeper , who played in the Football League and Premier League for Nottingham Forest , Queens Park Rangers , Norwich City , Sheffield Wednesday , Reading , Southampton and Burnley , in the Scottish Football League for Rangers , and in Major League Soccer for the Colorado Rapids . He was working as the goalkeeping coach at Everton and United States . But , with the departure of David Moyes , he followed him to Manchester United to replace Eric Steele as the new goalkeeping coach . In June 2015 he became goalkeeping coach at West Ham United . Woods was Peter Shilton 's long-time understudy in the England team in the mid to late 1980s , finally claiming the number one shirt for himself in the early 1990s . In all , he managed to accrue 43 caps in an eight-year international career .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c54eedcb3ab855fdc38a9f44cdad9f23", "text": "John Woods House The John Woods House at 4604 Monongahela Street in the Hazelwood neighborhood of Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania , is a vernacular stone house that was built in 1792 . It was added to the List of City of Pittsburgh historic designations by Pittsburgh City Council on February 22 , 1977 . On April 29 , 1993 , it was added to the National Register of Historic Places . John Woods ( 1761 -- 1816 ) was a political leader , a Federalist , and a member of a prominent founding Pittsburgh family . He was the son of Colonel George Woods of Bedford County , Pennsylvania . `` The elder Woods laid out the plan for the City of Pittsburgh in 1784 . John did the actual drafting , and the plan is referred to as the ` John Woods plan of Pittsburgh . ' '' John Woods was elected to the Pennsylvania Senate in 1797 , and was elected as a Representative to the Fourteenth United States Congress , holding office from March 4 , 1815 , to March 3 , 1817 ( though , due to illness , he never attended sessions ) . The house stayed in the Woods family until 1885 . Composer Stephen Foster was friends with the Woods family , and his song `` Nelly Bly '' , written circa 1849 and published in 1850 , was inspired by an African-American servant girl who worked at the Woods house . The song was composed on Rachel Keller Woods ' piano , on which Foster is said to have written other classics ( including `` Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair '' ) , and the instrument is currently housed at the Stephen Foster Memorial in Pittsburgh . This house is currently owned by the Urban Redevelopment Authority ( URA ) . It is for sale according to I heart PGH and is listed on the URA website without a price .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bbdf7521f9a41057cb02de9872f82d14", "text": "Timber framing Timber framing and `` post-and-beam '' construction are methods of building with heavy timbers ( posts and beams ) rather than dimensional lumber such as 2x4s . Traditional timber framing is the method of creating structures using heavy squared-off and carefully fitted and joined timbers with joints secured by large wooden pegs ( larger versions of the mortise and tenon joints in furniture ) . It is commonplace in wooden buildings from the 19th century and earlier . The method comes from making things out of logs and tree trunks without modern high tech saws to cut lumber from the starting material stock . Hewing with broadaxes , adzes , and draw knives and using hand-powered braces and augers ( brace and bit ) and other laborious woodworking , artisans or framers could gradually assemble a building capable of bearing heavy weight without excessive use of interior space given over to vertical support posts . Since this building method has been used for thousands of years in many parts of the world , many styles of historic framing have developed . These styles are often categorized by the type of foundation , walls , how and where the beams intersect , the use of curved timbers , and the roof framing details . Three basic types of timber frames in English-speaking countries are the box frame , cruck frame , and aisled frame .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5162840fdd6e3e43eb5a1f8f0b1c5ff4", "text": "The Enchanted Wood (H. P. Lovecraft) The Enchanted Woods is a fictional place in H. P. Lovecraft 's Dream Cycle , in the The Dream-Quest of Unknown Kadath novella . Its main inhabitants are the zoogs . Located in the Dreamlands , it contains a unique , haunted tree whose seed originally came from the moon . This tree 's sap can be fermented to create a potent drink . A stone trapdoor in these woods leads to the top of the Tower of Koth and from there into the kingdom of the Gugs in the Underworld . However , because of a curse of the Great Ones , no Gug may exit through this portal .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2776a980f837d1b8951a8e1e84656fd3", "text": "Chris Cornell Chris Cornell ( born Christopher John Boyle ; July 20 , 1964 -- May 18 , 2017 ) was an American musician , singer , and songwriter . He was best known as lead vocalist for the bands Soundgarden and Audioslave . He was a two-time Grammy winner ( out of 14 nominations ) and was also known for his numerous solo works , soundtrack contributions since 1991 and as founder and frontman for Temple of the Dog , the one-off tribute band dedicated to his friend , the late Andrew Wood . Cornell , who is considered one of the architects of the 1990s grunge movement , is well known for his extensive catalog as a songwriter , for his nearly four-octave vocal range , and for his powerful vocal belting technique . He released four solo studio albums , Euphoria Morning ( 1999 ) , Carry On ( 2007 ) , Scream ( 2009 ) , Higher Truth ( 2015 ) , and the live album Songbook ( 2011 ) . Cornell received a Golden Globe Award nomination for his song `` The Keeper '' which appeared in the film Machine Gun Preacher and co-wrote and performed the theme song to the James Bond film Casino Royale ( 2006 ) , `` You Know My Name '' . The last solo release by Chris was the charity single `` The Promise '' , written for the ending credits for the film of the same name . He was voted `` Rock 's Greatest Singer '' by readers of Guitar World , ranked 4th in the list of `` Heavy Metal 's All-Time Top 100 Vocalists '' by Hit Parader , 9th in the list of `` Best Lead Singers of All Time '' by Rolling Stone , and 12th in MTV 's `` 22 Greatest Voices in Music '' . According to Nielsen Music , across his entire catalog ( Soundgarden , Audioslave and solo career ) , Cornell sold 14.8 million albums , 8.8 million digital songs , 300 million on-demand audio streams in the U.S. and sold over 30 million records worldwide as of 2017 . Cornell was found dead from suicide in his Detroit hotel room early on the morning of May 18 , 2017 , following a Soundgarden concert the night before . He suffered from depression and had substance abuse problems earlier in life .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e491cfe17f1b1cacd0ee0c3a3bdf14b1", "text": "Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Cabin Fever Diary of a Wimpy Kid : Cabin Fever is a 2011 bestselling and award winning children 's book and the sixth book in the Diary of a Wimpy Kid series , written by American author Jeff Kinney . The book was released on November 15 , 2011 and was the fastest selling book of 2011 , giving him the third strongest opening week sales for a children 's author . Cabin Fever had a first printing run of six million copies , which Amulet Books stated was one of their most significant titles for that year . In 2012 Kinney won a `` Best Author '' Children 's Choice Award from the Children 's Book Council for Cabin Fever . The book was followed by 2012 's The Third Wheel .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6b150eabc6d5f8589e4fd3f4460ca89b", "text": "The Last Winter (2006 film) The Last Winter is a 2006 thriller film directed by Larry Fessenden . The Last Winter premiered in The Contemporary World Cinema Programme at the 2006 Toronto International Film Festival on September 11 , 2006 . The script for the film originally featured a more woodsy Alaska with pine trees and it was after a research trip to Prudhoe Bay that they discovered the harsh flat conditions that ultimately ended up in the film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "47eb02b306221bd80b0ac0cb949e5d9d", "text": "Christopher Evans (outlaw) Christopher `` Chris '' Evans ( February 19 , 1847 -- February 9 , 1917 ) , a native of Bells Corners near Ottawa , Canada , was an American farmer and teamster turned outlaw . Evans was accused of robbing the Southern Pacific Railroad in California between 1889 and 1892 . After killing a member of a posse outside his home on the outskirts of Visalia , he fled to the Sierra Nevada mountains with his younger partner , John Sontag . While Evans and Sontag hid out , writers Ambrose Bierce and Joaquin Miller championed their cause in the San Francisco Examiner . The outlaws evaded capture for ten months . They had a shootout with a posse at the Young cabin which resulted in the death of Wilson , the posse leader , and McGinnis , a former friend of Chris Evans . Later , John Sontag was mortally wounded in what is called the Battle of Stone Corral . Evans was himself severely wounded at Stone Corral , having lost an eye and his left arm . He was taken into custody and convicted of murder and sentenced to life in Folsom State Prison in Folsom , California . John Sontag 's younger brother , George Contant , testified against Evans and hence acquired the lifelong hatred of Evans ' family . After Evans served for seventeen years at Folsom , he was paroled in 1911 by Governor Hiram Johnson , a liberal Republican , who had been elected on an anti-Southern Pacific campaign theme . Banished from California , he died in Portland , Oregon , in 1917 , denying to the end that he had ever robbed a train and continuing to assert that he had killed only in self-defense . He also wrote a socialist book which calls for expanded government to check what he viewed as the abuses of the business community . Evans is interred in Portland at Mount Calvary Cemetery . An accomplice to the Evans-Sontag Gang was Ed Morrell , who served fourteen years total in Folsom and San Quentin . Championed by author Jack London , Morrell was pardoned in 1908 and thereafter became a well-known advocate for prison reform . Morris Ankrum and John Smith portrayed Evans and Sontag , respectively , in an episode of the 1955 syndicated television series Stories of the Century , starring and hosted by Jim Davis . Jimmie Dodd of The Mickey Mouse Club appears as a deputy in this episode .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "53bc2fc8661b4fdd59dc651258343056", "text": "Swamp-Meadow Cabin (east) The Swamp-Meadow Cabin ( east ) is in North Cascades National Park , in the U.S. state of Washington . Constructed sometime in the early 1910s by the North Coast Mining and Milling Company , the cabin was a warm season residence used by company employees for storage and residence while working their mining claims on Thunder Creek . The cabin was constructed plainly of rounded hewn logs , square notched at the corners . The cabin is 15 by with an offset door at the south end , above which it is sheltered by the large overhanging extension of a gable roof which is wood shingled . Swamp-Meadow Cabin ( east ) is nearby to Swamp-Meadow Cabin ( west ) and both were placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a752267fb8e9c3979484a6db948966c5", "text": "John Gay (screenwriter) John Gay ( April 1 , 1924 -- February 4 , 2017 ) was an American screenwriter . Born in Whittier , California , Gay began his career writing episodes for television anthology series such as Lux Video Theatre , Kraft Television Theatre , and Goodyear Television Playhouse . He made his film screenwriting debut in 1956 with Run Silent Run Deep . Additional screen credits include Separate Tables , Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse , The Courtship of Eddie 's Father , The Hallelujah Trail , No Way to Treat a Lady , Soldier Blue , Sometimes a Great Notion , and A Matter of Time . For television , Gay has adapted numerous literary classics , including The Red Badge of Courage , Captains Courageous , Les Misérables , A Tale of Two Cities , The Hunchback of Notre Dame , Ivanhoe , Uncle Tom 's Cabin , and Around the World in 80 Days . He also wrote television biopics of Howard Hughes , George Armstrong Custer , Caryl Chessman , and Adolf Hitler ; small screen remakes of Dial M for Murder , Witness for the Prosecution , Inherit the Wind , and Shadow of a Doubt ; adaptations of the bestsellers Fatal Vision and Blind Faith by Joe McGinniss and The Burden of Proof by Scott Turow ; and the television movie A Piano for Mrs. Cimino starring Bette Davis . Gay also wrote the one-man play Diversions and Delights , in which Oscar Wilde presents a lecture about his career to a Parisian audience in November 1899 . With Vincent Price portraying Wilde , the play premiered in San Francisco in July 1977 and toured more than 300 cities during the next three years . Gay was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay and the Writers Guild of America Award for Best Adapted Screenplay for Separate Tables . He has been nominated once for the Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing in a Limited Series or a Special and three times for the Edgar Award for Best Television Feature or Miniseries . Gay wrote the memoir Any Way I Can : 50 Years in Show Business with his daughter Jennifer Gay Summers . Gay died in Santa Monica , California , on February 4 , 2017 , at age 92 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aaed209eaf5b08548b5719e50ba83a8c", "text": "Teri Woods Teri Woods is an American novelist from Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , and a successful , self-published pioneer of the urban fiction genre . Woods finished writing her first novel , True to the Game , in 1992 while working at a law firm in Philadelphia . She spent six years submitting the work to numerous publishers , all of which rejected her . In 1998 , Woods had copies of the book printed herself and began to hand-sell the novel to booksellers in and around the Philadelphia area and , eventually , across the United States , eventually starting Teri Woods Publishing , a self-publishing house to put out her own work and that of others , principally in the urban fiction genre , aimed at a demographic largely ignored by major publishers . Woods 's breakout success helped her negotiate a multimillion-dollar contract with Hachette Book Group USA to re-release her previously published novels . In 2015 , it was announced that True to the Game was being produced into a film of the same name .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "05fad906806b8219d06c492a5239f707", "text": "Wild Bill (1995 film) Wild Bill is a 1995 Western film about the last days of legendary lawman Wild Bill Hickok . It stars Jeff Bridges , Ellen Barkin , John Hurt and Diane Lane . The film was distributed by United Artists . It was written and directed by Walter Hill , with writing credits also going to Pete Dexter , author of the book Deadwood , and Thomas Babe , author of the play Fathers and Sons .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d12cfd558631ecc9fcb6d8c459b7ff02", "text": "The Hotel New Hampshire (film) The Hotel New Hampshire is a 1984 British-Canadian-American comedy-drama film written and directed by Tony Richardson based on John Irving 's 1981 novel of the same name . The film stars Jodie Foster , Beau Bridges , Rob Lowe , and Nastassja Kinski , and also features Wilford Brimley , Amanda Plummer , Matthew Modine , and a young Seth Green in a supporting role . The film is a co-production from the United Kingdom , Canada , and the United States . In an introductory foreword that he wrote for a later edition of the novel , author Irving stated that he was thrilled when Richardson informed him that he wanted to adapt the book to the screen . Irving wrote that he was very happy with the adaptation , complaining only that he felt Richardson tried to make the film too faithful to the book , noting the manner in which Richardson would often speed up the action in an attempt to include more material onscreen .", "title": "" } ]
fever
e0c3150c5757639493ce71b893571b62
The 2017 film The Mummy was produced by Alex Kurtzman.
[ { "docid": "339cfb70ff18c07a837c691bc31cc70a", "text": "The Mummy (2017 film) The Mummy is a 2017 American action-adventure horror film directed by Alex Kurtzman and written by David Koepp , Christopher McQuarrie and Dylan Kussman , with a story by Kurtzman , Jon Spaihts and Jenny Lumet . It is a reboot of The Mummy franchise and the first installment in the Dark Universe film series . The film stars Tom Cruise , Annabelle Wallis , Sofia Boutella , Jake Johnson , Courtney B. Vance , Marwan Kenzari and Russell Crowe . The Mummy premiered at the State Theatre in Sydney , Australia on May 22 , 2017 and is scheduled to be released in the United States on June 9 , 2017 in 2D , 3D and IMAX 3D .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "129a58b15d022d81864f28bc2d44901c", "text": "Howard Kazanjian Howard G. Kazanjian ( born July 26 , 1942 ) is an American film producer known for Raiders of the Lost Ark and Return of the Jedi . Kazanjian is also a former 8-year Vice President of Lucasfilm , Ltd. , and a published non-fiction author .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d75fba1f049d1b2b4c5f18e04dbeae3b", "text": "The Satanic Rites of Dracula The Satanic Rites of Dracula is a 1973 horror film directed by Alan Gibson and produced by Hammer Film Productions . It is the eighth film in Hammer 's Dracula series , and the seventh and final one to feature Christopher Lee as Dracula . The film was also the third to unite Peter Cushing as Van Helsing with Lee , following Dracula ( 1958 ) and Dracula A.D. 1972 ( 1972 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bc7bfeca6209accd29dca11c1751a0ac", "text": "Russell Barnes Russell Barnes ( born 1968 ) is a British television producer and director , known primarily for documentaries about science and contemporary history . He was educated at Bedford Modern School and studied history at Christ 's College , Cambridge . Russell Barnes worked as a researcher on cult youth programmes A Stab in the Dark and The Word , and also Channel 4 's television review show , Right to Reply . In 2002 , he directed Empire , a revisionist account of British colonial history presented by the Harvard historian Niall Ferguson . A sequel about US power , American Colossus , followed in 2004 . In 2004 Russell Barnes produced Churchill 's Forgotten Years , written and presented by the Cambridge University historian David Reynolds . Barnes and Reynolds went on to collaborate on a series of further feature-length history documentaries for the BBC , including The Improbable Mr Attlee , Summits and Armistice , which charted the final month of the First World War from the German perspective and received special commendation from the jury at the 2009 Grierson Awards ceremony . In 2011 , they produced World War Two : 1941 and the Man of Steel , a new profile of Josef Stalin , which was shortlisted in the Best Historical Documentary category of the 2012 Grierson Awards . This was followed in 2012 by World War Two : 1942 and Hitler 's Soft Underbelly which argued that the war in the Mediterranean became a dark obsession for Winston Churchill , and in 2015 , World War Two : 1945 and the Wheelchair President , examined the impact of Franklin Rooselvelt 's failing health and marriage on his war leadership . Long Shadow , which explored the legacy and meaning of the First World War as part of the BBC 's centenary season of programming , was broadcast on BBC2 in 2014 . The series , which explored the legacy and meaning of the First World War as part of the BBC 's centenary season of programming , received widespread and favourable press coverage and reviews . Russell Barnes started working with the evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins in 2005 , directing the series The Root of All Evil ? and The Enemies of Reason , which attracted controversy for their robust advocacy of atheism and rationalist principles . Barnes and Dawkins ' next series The Genius of Charles Darwin , marking the 150th anniversary of On the Origin of Species in 2008 , won Best Documentary series at the 2009 Broadcast Awards . Russell Barnes has produced several films that explore the history of communications technology including , in 2000 , How the Victorians Wired the World and Hackers in Wonderland . In 2009 he was series producer of The Virtual Revolution , a BBC2 history of the World Wide Web presented by Aleks Krotoski . The series won the 2010 International Digital Emmy Award and the 2010 BAFTA New Media Award . In 2010 Barnes founded the independent production company ClearStory Ltd with Molly Milton , where he has produced projects including Richard Dawkins series Sex , Death and the Meaning of Life , the award-winning observational documentary Gypsy Blood and the controversial studio format Sex Box for Channel 4 . Russell Barnes is active in Directors UK , sitting on the organisation 's distribution committee .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "535e88aaf7ebf44e4ef3597bb9183158", "text": "Claudio Argento Claudio Argento ( born 15 September 1943 ) is an Italian film producer and screenwriter . Most of the titles he has produced have been the horror films directed by his older brother , Dario Argento . One major exception was Alejandro Jodorowsky 's cult film Santa Sangre ( 1989 ) ; in addition to producing , Claudio Argento co-wrote the screenplay for the film . Argento was an associate producer for George A. Romero 's Dawn of the Dead ( 1978 ) . In 2010 , Claudio contacted George A. Romero about directing a 3D remake of Dario 's classic Deep Red and told Romero that Dario would also be involved in the project . Romero , who showed interest in the film decided to contact Dario , who said he knew nothing about the remake , Romero declined the offer to direct the remake and it is unknown if Claudio plans to go forward with the remake .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8786c3c2047f9f315f2d7c1b692a700b", "text": "War for the Planet of the Apes War for the Planet of the Apes is an upcoming American science fiction film directed by Matt Reeves and written by Mark Bomback and Reeves . It is a sequel to the 2014 film Dawn of the Planet of the Apes and the third installment in the Planet of the Apes reboot series . The film stars Andy Serkis , Woody Harrelson , Steve Zahn , Amiah Miller , Karin Konoval and Terry Notary . Principal photography began on October 14 , 2015 , in Vancouver . The film is scheduled to be released in the United States on July 14 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c865b086a3607815cdb07fde783c4e06", "text": "Young Artist Award The Young Artist Award ( originally known as the Youth in Film Award ) is an accolade bestowed by the Young Artist Association , a non-profit organization founded in 1978 to honor excellence of youth performers , and to provide scholarships for young artists who may be physically and/or financially challenged . First presented in 1979 , the Young Artist Awards was the first organization established to specifically recognize and award the contributions of performers under the age of 21 in the fields of film , television , theater and music . The 1st Youth In Film Awards ceremony was held in October 1979 , at the Sheraton Universal Hotel in Hollywood to honor outstanding young performers of the 1978/1979 season . The 38th Annual Young Artist Awards ceremony , honoring young performers of 2016 , was held at the Alex Theatre in Los Angeles , California on March 17 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4703a399e4c2e01a154628b87e437669", "text": "The Kids Menu The Kids Menu is a 2016 American documentary film that discusses the growing problem of childhood obesity . It is produced by Australian filmmaker Joe Cross , who co-created Fat , Sick and Nearly Dead , and directed by Kurt Engfehr .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "886243ed319a1c5a8263d12a75360808", "text": "K/O Paper Products K/O Paper Products is an American television and motion picture production company founded by Alex Kurtzman and Roberto Orci c. 2009 , in which year Bobby Cohen became chief executive officer of its films division .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f8a2286bbb589db5b9795dbcc6e42f49", "text": "SUPERM SUPERM is an international multimedia art team founded in 2004 by Russian author and artist Slava Mogutin ( born 1974 ) and American artist and musician Brian Kenny ( b. 1982 ) . The artists come from different backgrounds : Siberian-born Mogutin was exiled from Russia at the age of 21 for his queer writings and activism ; Kenny was born on the American military base in Heidelberg , Germany , and grew up traveling throughout the US with his Catholic , military family . They are responsible for site-specific , multimedia gallery and museum shows in New York City , Los Angeles , London , Berlin , Stockholm , Oslo , Bergen , Moscow , and León ( Spain ) . SUPERM 's work uses all available media and source materials , ranging from reclaimed furniture and street art to personal fetish gear , hair and body fluids . Their installations combine photography , video , sound , text , drawing , painting , sculpture , collage and performance . Using their selves and their friends as models , actors , and collaborators , SUPERM creates a multidisciplinary body of site-specific work that reaches audiences far beyond the usual art crowd . Transgressive , political and personal , SUPERM work is a response to a world of shameless war propaganda , media brainwashing , corporate censorship , state-induced paranoia , and shrinking personal freedoms ; a world where natives of countries outside the European Union and the USA are treated as second-class citizens and nonconformists artists as criminals . Their videos have recently been shown at the GLBT Film Festival , The International Short Film Festival Oberhausen , MIX NYC , Revolution & Sexual Revolution Film Festival in Tokyo , Paris Gay & Lesbian Film Festival , PornfilmfestivalBerlin ( 2nd Prize in Short Film Competition ) , as well as various art and club venues across Europe and the US . SUPERM collaborators include Joakim Andreasson , Gio Black Peter , Marko Brozic , Christophe Chemin , Tom Dura , Jason Farrer , Christophe Hamaide-Pierson , Dominic Johnson , Marcelo Krasilcic , Bruce LaBruce , Josh Lee , Billy Miller , Dmitryi Rozin , and Desi Santiago .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e384bdc20424ccfa353ba74f69e46e08", "text": "Alex Graves Alexander John `` Alex '' Graves ( born July 23 , 1965 ) is an American film director , television director , television producer and screenwriter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7b06dc438fe330418ef5af037496b451", "text": "Disasterpiece Theatre Disasterpiece Theatre was a comedy television program that aired in the early 1980s on XETV , a station in Tijuana , Mexico owned by Mexican media company Grupo Televisa which broadcasts in English across the border to neighboring San Diego , California . The show 's title is both a play on the long-running PBS anthology program Masterpiece Theatre and a reference to the low-budget , campy science fiction and horror films that were lampooned each week . At the time of Disasterpiece Theatre '' 's run , XETV was an independent station ; today it serves as the San Diego affiliate of The CW network . The premise of the show was simple : show the worst movies ever made and make fun of them . Among the films shown were Shriek of the Mutilated , Monster on Campus , The Thing That Could n't Die , The Mummy 's Hand , Born to Speed , Big Boy Rides Again , First Spaceship on Venus and Curse of the Undead . Comments would be written as subtitles during the movie ; for example , in Track of the Moonbeast a character says , `` I 'm somewhat of an ... ( laughs ) an adventurer , '' and the word `` IDIOT '' appeared on screen during the pause in the middle of the sentence . Sometimes music would be added and , in some cases , redubbing by the writers would occur . On a showing of First Spaceship on Venus , the soundtrack was replaced by the writers ' voices arguing about which television show they are going to watch , similar to the overdubbing idea in What 's Up , Tiger Lily?Jay Curtis hosted the show as Sal U. Lloyd , a play on the word celluloid . Bruce Mueller played `` The Other Guy '' and would often dress up as The Mummy , A Lion Tamer , and the Network Producer . Curtis and Mueller wrote and produced the show . Fred Stern was a constant contributor and served as the show 's musical director . Stern chose popular music that was added to scenes for comic punctuation . As an example , during the film Beginning of the End , giant grasshoppers are attacking Chicago , scientists decide to use the grasshopper mating call to lure the creatures into Lake Michigan but instead of the mating call coming from a boat loudspeaker , the audience hears At the Hop by Danny and the Juniors and the monsters hop in and drown . San Diego radio announcer Gary Cocker appeared on the show many times . Guests included Whoopi Goldberg , Richard Simmons , and J. Michael Straczynski . The show was done so cheaply , the producers would tape over the same reels , thus erasing the previous episode . In the show , Curtis and Mueller 's microphone cords are easily visible , but it is the poor production quality that makes the show more humorous . Sal U. Lloyd was portrayed as a big loser who hates his job . In one episode , he explains his position : `` I 'm sick of television ... I wan na be a rock and roll star . I wan na make some money . '' He is often seen receiving some kind of brain damage after showing a movie . Several times , Lloyd has a run-in with the network producer , George Mucas ( obviously a parody of George Lucas ) , who hates the show . In reality , Curtis had a strong rivalry with the actual network producer of XETV , who eventually cancelled the show . The show became quite successful , generating a loyal following and beating Saturday Night Live in the ratings several times . However , the show was eventually cancelled due to creative control with the station . Although the show is not widely acclaimed , it is mentionable for inspiring a generation of cult television shows that used the same premise , such as Mystery Science Theater 3000 . In 1991 , the Beetlejuice episode `` Moby Richard '' had Lydia staging a television dramatization of `` Moby Dick '' for the Neitherworld program `` Disasterpiece Theatre . '' In 1993 , Animaniacs had an episode of the same title . In 2009 , the creators of Disasterpiece Theatre '' created a YouTube Page posting archival footage of the show .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64db4f619fca6786f7d11f560791592d", "text": "San Pedro Mountains Mummy In October 1932 , while digging for gold in the San Pedro mountains , Carbon County , Wyoming , two prospectors , Cecil Mayne and Frank Carr , blasted their way through some thick rock that a large vein of gold continued into . When the dust settled , they saw they had opened up a small room , approximately 4 ft tall , 4 ft wide , and about 15 ft deep . This is where they said that they first saw the mummy of a tiny person . This first mummy was examined using X-rays which determined that it was the body of an anencephalic infant `` whose cranial deformity gave it the appearance of a miniature adult . '' A second mummy examined by University of Wyoming anthropologist George Gill and the Denver Children 's Hospital in the 1990s was also shown to be an anencephalic infant . DNA testing showed it to be Native American and radiocarbon dating dated it to about 1700 . According to a July 7 , 1979 , article in the Casper Star-Tribune the first mummy started debates over whether it was a hoax , a baby , or one of the legendary `` little people '' . The mummy ended up in Meeteetse , Wyoming , at a local drug store where it was shown as an attraction for several years before it was bought by Ivan T. Goodman , a Casper , Wyoming businessman . The mummy was then passed on to Leonard Wadler , a New York businessman and its present location is unknown . Seeking to prove evolution wrong , an offer of a $ 10,000 reward was made for the person who finds the missing mummy according to the Casper Star-Tribune .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bd4db7db265772d5d5f6b63ae6317315", "text": "Alexander Payne Alexander Payne ( born Constantine Alexander Payne ; February 10 , 1961 ) is an American film director , screenwriter , and producer , known for the films Citizen Ruth ( 1996 ) , Election ( 1999 ) , About Schmidt ( 2002 ) , Sideways ( 2004 ) , The Descendants ( 2011 ) , and Nebraska ( 2013 ) . His films are noted for their dark humor and satirical depictions of contemporary American society . Payne is a two-time winner of the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay , and a three-time nominee of the Academy Award for Best Director .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "50ecbfa81e4ed0f36d4cb2e805235b6f", "text": "The Anthropologist (film) The Anthropologist is a 2015 American documentary film directed by Seth Kramer , Daniel A. Miller , and Jeremy Newberger of Ironbound Films . The film follows environmental anthropologist Susie Crate and her teenage daughter Katie as they visit indigenous communities threatened by climate change . Featuring commentary from Mary Catherine Bateson , daughter of famed anthropologist Margaret Mead , the film explores how human beings adapt to catastrophic change .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "75ff856d8d11e575bc17ecdf5fbf76de", "text": "House of Bodies House of Bodies is a 2013 American horror film directed by Alex Merkin and written by Eddie Harris . It stars Terrence Howard , Peter Fonda , George Katt , Alexz Johnson and Queen Latifah . The film was released worldwide on Netflix on April 19 , 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "113e92a8d9cd8d935b9451879c89e081", "text": "Secrets of Sex Secrets of Sex ( 1969 , released 1970 ) , also known as Bizarre , is a British film , directed by Antony Balch , an experimental filmmaker and frequent collaborator with William S. Burroughs . The film is narrated by an Egyptian mummy ( voiced by Valentine Dyall ) . After directing the Burroughs-influenced shorts Towers Open Fire ( 1963 ) and The Cut Ups ( 1967 ) , Balch approached producer Richard Gordon in 1968 to direct an anthology film running just over an hour , titled Multiplication . After the script was rewritten to bring the film up to feature length and the budget doubled ( 32,000 pounds ) filming took place over 14 weeks in 1969 . Released in February 1970 , it was a huge success in the UK , running for six months at the Jacey Cinema in Piccadilly Circus alone , during which time it recouped its entire production cost . The film remained in circulation in the UK throughout the 1970s , sometimes appearing in a half hour edited version that played on the second half of double-bills . Five writers are credited with the script , although several other people , including Brion Gysin and Ian Cullen ( writer of Cruel Passion ( 1977 ) and husband of Yvonne Quenet , who plays Mary-Claire in the film ) also claimed to have worked on the writing . Many of the actresses who appear nude in the film , such as Nicole Austin and Maria Frost , were mainly topless models who had begun to get minor acting roles in British sex and horror films of the period . Frost , who plays Lindy Leigh in the film , was so horrified she 'd been given a major role in the film that she reportedly told Balch `` I 'm a model , I ca n't act . '' She had previously appeared in two Harrison Marks shorts , Maria and Scouts Honour . The dinosaur sculptures that feature in the `` Strange Young Man '' segment are the famous Crystal Palace Dinosaurs . Commenting on the film in an unpublished 1975 interview , Balch claimed `` this is a very uneven film , but three episodes and a single shot , are good . I liked the ones with the photographer , Elliot Stein , and the Lady in the Greenhouse . The episode of the monster baby is a bore , but the single shot of it , at the end is brilliant . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "19c87c96dac5f6fc83a2b7ba0305b475", "text": "Death Faces Death Faces , also released as Death Faces IV , also ` Dying : Last seconds of Life ' , and ( in a re edited version ) ` Beyond Reality ' , is a mockumentary about cannibalism released directly to video originally in 1988 . Narrated by `` Prof. Bizarro Blackstone '' , the film is actually footage from various horror films about cannibalism , and newsreel footage of Bonnie and Clyde , John Dillinger , Adolf Hitler . One sequence involves the Kikuyu tribes people of Kenya , ( the film incorrectly says that they are from Papua New Guinea ) as well as various stock car crashes , and the John F. Kennedy assassination . The direction is credited to `` Countess Victoria Bloodhart '' and Steve White , the writing to `` S. Sebastian Shock '' , the direction and production to `` Damian B. Gravenhorse PhD . '' , with one segment credited to producer `` Mink De Ronda '' . It was re edited and re released as Beyond Reality , which is credited to Steve White . There are no other technical credits given to the film . With the exception of a few brief scenes , the entire video is in black and white . Footage from this video was later edited into Banned from Facez , parts 3 and 4 . A sequel was also released straight to video : ` Dying : Last Seconds of Life , Part II ' , also in 1988 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "31f484a850350b7990b31a8b60c88af6", "text": "Vertigo Films Vertigo Films is a British film production and film distribution company based in London , England . Vertigo Films has been responsible for the production and distribution of Bronson , StreetDance 3D and Monsters .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18351ecefe13bdd11c97388a87600f40", "text": "Adam Elliot Adam Elliot ( born 2 January 1972 in Berwick , Victoria , Australia ) is an independent Australian stop-motion animation writer , director and producer based in Melbourne , Australia . His five films have collectively participated in over seven hundred film festivals and have received over one hundred awards , including an Academy Award for Harvie Krumpet and five Annecy Cristals . Elliot calls himself an auteur filmmaker and each of his films have a bittersweet nature to them . He does not engage with commercial work and works exclusively on his own film projects . Based loosely on his family and friends , Elliot calls each of his works a Clayography -- clay animated biography . Each film takes up to five years to complete . He is noted for his use of traditional ` in-camera ' techniques , which means every prop set and character is a ` real ' miniature handcrafted object . Elliot does not use digital additions or computer generated imagery to enhance his visual aesthetic . His company , Adam Elliot Clayographies , produce the films and Elliot 's work practices adhere to the French auteur methodology . Each film has been voiced by notable actors including , Philip Seymour Hoffman , Toni Collette , Geoffrey Rush , Eric Bana , William McInnes , Barry Humphries and John Flaus . Elliot is also a voting member of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences and in 1999 was awarded The Young Achiever of the Year for Victoria .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a64288dabda743cd08b001a75fdce231", "text": "My Friend Dahmer (film) My Friend Dahmer is a 2017 American film directed by Marc Meyers and based on the graphic novel of the same name by Derf . It premiered at the 2017 Tribeca Film Festival .", "title": "" } ]
fever
7538d8351d4a4031d971d264fdefaf49
Richard Ramirez terrorized residents.
[ { "docid": "c986e0637e483ebd75107f4c0057ed90", "text": "Richard Ramirez Ricardo Leyva Muñoz Ramírez , known as Richard Ramirez ( February 29 , 1960 -- June 7 , 2013 ) , was an American serial killer , rapist , and burglar . His highly publicized home invasion crime spree terrorized the residents of the greater Los Angeles area , and later the residents of the San Francisco area , from June 1984 until August 1985 . Prior to his capture , Ramirez was dubbed the `` Night Stalker '' by the news media . He used a wide variety of weapons , including handguns , knives , a machete , a tire iron , and a hammer . Ramirez , who was an avowed Satanist , never expressed any remorse for his crimes . The judge who upheld his thirteen death sentences remarked that Ramirez 's deeds exhibited `` cruelty , callousness , and viciousness beyond any human understanding '' . Ramirez died of complications from B-cell lymphoma while awaiting execution on California 's death row .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "a9364ba3a6c2f90a928b453b5056c504", "text": "Forced Entry (2002 film) Forced Entry is a 2002 adult horror film written and directed by Lizzy Borden , produced by Rob Zicari , and released by Extreme Associates . The film is a spin-off sequel to the 1973 pornographic horror film of the same name . The film is also loosely based on the crimes of California serial killer Richard Ramirez and was controversial for its blend of pornographic sexual violence and gore .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "376a1b1949ccdca098546d129a289305", "text": "Murder of Lorenzo González Cacho Lorenzo Ahmed González Cacho ( November 29 , 2001 -- March 9 , 2010 ) was an eight-year-old Puerto Rican boy that was murdered in his home in Dorado , Puerto Rico on March 9 , 2010 . At the time of his death , his mother , Ana Cacho , and two sisters were at the house . The case has gained notoriety in the island for the discrepancies and irregularities surrounding the evidence and testimonies about it , which initially led to the boy 's mother along with three other males to be labeled potential suspects by the island 's Secretary of Justice at the time Guillermo Somoza . However , on March 9 , 2015 , on the 5th year anniversary of the murder , the Puerto Rico Justice Department announced that the mother along with the three men , were no longer suspects . The Department of Justice confirmed on March 7 , 2016 that charges be filed for the crime of first degree murder against Luis Gustavo Rivera Seijo , better known as `` El Manco '' , for the child 's death . On April 28 , 2016 charges against Rivera Seijo were dropped due to total lack of evidence ( DNA , fingerprints , etc. ) that could prove the presence of Rivera Seijo in Cacho 's residence . On June 7 , 2016 , in a trial on appeal , the charges against Rivera Seijo were dropped again due to total lack of evidence ( DNA , fingerprints , etc. ) that could prove the presence of Rivera Seijo in Cacho 's residence .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "de8f1fef5cbc7e3299a7d8dc6a2823b0", "text": "Richard Baumhammers Richard Scott Baumhammers ( born May 17 , 1965 ) is an American former immigration attorney and spree killer who began a racially motivated crime spree on April 28 , 2000 in Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania which left five individuals dead and one paralyzed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d3771b1e68b7d57b3a4467daa7348da", "text": "Jueves negro Jueves negro ( English : `` Black Thursday '' ) refers to a violent series of political demonstrations that created havoc in Guatemala City on 24 and 25 July 2003 . In May 2003 , the Guatemalan Republican Front ( FRG ) political party selected former military dictator Efraín Ríos Montt as its candidate for the forthcoming November general election . However , his candidacy was initially rejected by the electoral registry and by two lower courts , on the grounds of a constitutional ban preventing former coup leaders from seeking the presidency ( Ríos Montt had originally come to power by means of a coup d'état on 23 March 1982 ) . On 14 July 2003 , the Constitutional Court , which had had several judges appointed from the FRG , approved his candidacy for president , arguing that the terms of the 1985 Constitution could not be applied retroactively . On 20 July , however , the Supreme Court suspended his campaign for the presidency and agreed to hear a complaint brought by two right-of-centre parties that the general was constitutionally barred from running for president of the country . Ríos Montt denounced the ruling as judicial manipulation and , in a radio address , called on his followers to take to the streets to protest against this decision . On 24 July , the day known as ` jueves negro ' , thousands of masked FRG supporters invaded the streets of Guatemala City , armed with machetes , clubs and guns . They had been bussed in from all over the country by the FRG amidst claims that people working in FRG-controlled municipalities were being blackmailed with being sacked if they did not attend the demonstration . The demonstrators blocked traffic , chanted threatening slogans , and waved their machetes about . They were led by well known FRG militants , including a well known member of Congress , who was photographed by the press early in the morning while co-ordinating the actions , and the secretary of Ríos Montt 's daughter , Zury . The demonstrators marched on the courts , the opposition parties headquarters , and newspapers , torching buildings , shooting out windows and burning cars and tyres in the streets . A TV journalist , Héctor Ramírez , intervened to try and save a colleague who was being attacked by the demonstrators and died of a heart attack while running away from the mob . The situation was so chaotic over the weekend that both the UN mission and the U.S. embassy were closed . Following the rioting , the Constitutional Court , packed with allies of Ríos Montt and his protégé , President Alfonso Portillo , overturned the Supreme Court decision , upholding Ríos Montt 's claim that the ban on coup leaders , formalized in the 1985 Constitution , could not be applied retroactively to acts before that date . Many Guatemalans expressed anger over the Court 's decision .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "72da5b07e0c96e8094081ef797b2d242", "text": "Shooting of Laquan McDonald The shooting of Laquan McDonald took place on October 20 , 2014 , in Chicago , Illinois . McDonald , in possession of a 3-inch folding knife , was shot by former Chicago Police Officer Jason Van Dyke from approximately ten feet ( 3 m ) away . After investigation , Officer Van Dyke was charged in November 2015 with first-degree murder and initially held without bail at the Cook County Jail . He was released on bail on November 30 . The city reached a settlement with McDonald 's family . Subsequent protests denounced McDonald 's death and demanded changes in police and judicial procedure , and for the dismissal or resignation of city and county officials . Cook 's County State Attorney Anita Alvarez lost her bid for re-election in 2016 , but Rahm Emanuel won a second term in 2015 as Mayor of Chicago . At the request of Illinois Attorney General Lisa Madigan , the United States Department of Justice initiated a civil rights investigation into McDonald 's death and the activities of the Chicago Police Department . It released its report in January 2017 , describing the police as having a culture of `` excessive violence , '' especially against minority suspects , and of having poor training and supervision . DOJ and city officials have signed an agreement for a plan for improvement to be overseen by the courts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "689f833b61732cdb6bbf4a2399e0e7f9", "text": "Career Girls Murders The `` Career Girls Murders '' was the name given by the media to the killings of Emily Hoffert and Janice Wylie in their apartment on the Upper East Side of Manhattan on August 28 , 1963 . George Whitmore , Jr. , was accused of this and other crimes but later cleared . The actions of the police department led Whitmore to be improperly accused of this and other crimes , including the murder of Minnie Edmonds and the attempted rape and assault of Elba Borrero . Whitmore was wrongfully incarcerated for 1,216 days -- from his arrest on April 24 , 1964 , until his release on bond on July 13 , 1966 , and from the revocation of his bond on February 28 , 1972 -- until his exoneration on April 10 , 1973 , when , after what author T.J. English called , in his book The Savage City , `` a numbing cycle of trials , convictions , convictions overturned , retrials , and appeals '' , Whitmore was cleared of all charges and set free . Whitmore 's treatment by the authorities has been cited as an example that led the US Supreme Court to issue the guidelines known as the Miranda rights . The Supreme Court cited Mr. Whitmore 's case as `` the most conspicuous example '' of police coercion in the country when it issued its 1966 ruling establishing a set of protections for suspects , including the right to remain silent , in Miranda v. Arizona .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "07dee95cca8fc703a93e6513e5f66b3d", "text": "Anson Chi Anson Chi was born in New York City . He attended Plano Senior High School at Plano , Texas , and graduated in 1996 . Chi was arrested for theft in 1998 in San Angelo , Texas . In 2007 , Chi allegedly expressed support for tax protesters Edward and Elaine Brown . He posted a YouTube video stating that he would not file federal income tax returns or pay federal income tax . In 2008 , he was sentenced to three years probation in Orange County , California on a weapons charge . According to the Associated Press , his three-year probation was revoked in 2009 . Chi also faced a charge in Collin County , Texas , for allegedly failing to identify himself as a fugitive . Also in 2008 , he self-published a novel , Yellow on the Outside , Shame on the Inside : Asian Culture Revealed . In the book , he disclosed frustrations with his parents and allegedly threatened to kill himself . On June 22 , 2012 , the Federal Bureau of Investigation ( FBI ) arrested Chi after a series of suspicious explosions near midnight on the night of June 17 -- 18 , 2012 , near a gas pipeline in a residential area of Plano , Texas . Chi allegedly told police he had been hit by a car , but the police concluded that he was trying to tamper with a natural gas system and that a homemade bomb detonated in his possession . On June 25 , 2012 , the Dallas Morning News reported that during the investigation , law enforcement personnel found an explosive device in Chi 's residence , and that a `` bomb squad hauled a device out of the house , encased it in a protective steel container , buried it in a hole in Kaufman County and blew it up ... '' In connection with the incident , Chi was indicted by a Federal grand jury on a charge of possession of a destructive device in violation of the National Firearms Act ; the indictment was filed on July 11 , 2012 in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas . On March 4 , 2013 , the Court ruled that Chi was competent to stand trial . Anson Chi has been identified as being part of the sovereign citizen movement . In a superseding indictment handed down on February 14 , 2013 , Chi was charged with possession of an unregistered firearm in the form of an explosive , malicious use of explosive materials , and using or carrying a destructive device during a crime of violence . On June 3 , 2013 , Chi pleaded guilty to a charge of attempting to destroy a natural gas pipeline used in interstate commerce , and to a charge of possessing an explosive device not registered with the National Firearms Registration and Transfer Record . On December 12 , 2013 , Chi filed for Chapter 7 Bankruptcy Protection in the United States Bankruptcy Court , Eastern District of Texas from the Collin County Detention Facility without the help of an attorney . On February 26 , 2014 , the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Texas issued an order granting Chi 's motion to withdraw his guilty plea . On May 14 , 2014 , a Second Superseding Indictment was filed against Chi in the case . He was charged with one count of knowingly possessing a destructive device not registered to him in the National Firearms Registration and Transfer Record , in violation of , , , and ; one count of malicious use of an explosive , in violation of subsection ( i ) of ; one count of using or carrying a destructive device during a crime of violence , in violation of subsection ( c ) ( 1 ) ( B ) ( ii ) of ; and one count of making a false declaration before a court , in violation of . Eventually , Chi again pleaded guilty . On June 11 , 2015 , he was sentenced to twenty years in prison , based on a guilty plea to one count of possession of an unregistered firearm , and one count of malicious use of an explosive device . The sentence was ten years on the first count and twenty years on the latter count , but the two sentences were ordered to be served concurrently . Chi was also ordered to pay other amounts , including $ 28,127.77 in restitution to Atmos Energy in connection with the damage to the pipe line . Anson Chi is now incarcerated at the United States Penitentiary at Atlanta , Georgia , and is projected to be released on November 27 , 2029 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c0b323276c6f64434ae072eb1ca51ce6", "text": "Death row Death row is a special section of a prison in the United States that houses inmates who are awaiting execution after being sentenced to death for the conviction of a capital crime . The US is the only Western country that still applies the death penalty for capital crimes . Thirty-one of its 50 states and the federal government authorize this penalty . But by 2016 , sixteen of these states and the federal government had a formal or `` de facto '' moratorium , due in large part to questions about the death penalty itself or the use of lethal injection as a method of execution . `` Death row '' is a term also used figuratively to describe the state of awaiting execution ( `` being on death row '' ) , even in places where no special facility or separate unit for condemned inmates exists . After a person is found guilty of a capital offense , the judge will give the jury the option of imposing a death sentence or life imprisonment without the possibility of parole ( LWOP ) . It is up to a jury to decide whether to give the death sentence ; this usually has to be a unanimous decision . If sentenced to death , a convict will remain on death row during appeal and habeas corpus procedures , which can take years . Since 1973 and later , with an increasing number of persons being freed since 1993 , some 157 persons as of January 2017 have been exonerated on appeal and released from death row . Wrongful convictions have been proven based on DNA evidence , informants retracting testimony or being proven false , prosecutorial misconduct , racial bias in jury selection , and other constitutional issues .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "30685ff1211543a58082b247781a4400", "text": "Violent crime A violent crime or crime of violence is a crime in which an offender uses or threatens force upon a victim . This entails both crimes in which the violent act is the objective , such as murder , as well as crimes in which violence is the means to an end . Violent crimes may , or may not , be committed with weapons . Depending on the jurisdiction , violent crimes may vary from homicide to harassment . Typically , violent criminals includes aircraft hijackers , bank robbers , muggers , burglars , terrorists , carjackers , rapists , kidnappers , torturers , active shooters , murderers , gangsters , drug cartels , and others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2a01ec4435b026764c28b131bada3313", "text": "Trev Broudy Treve `` Trev '' G. Broudy ( born October 21 , 1968 ) is an American actor and former model . Broudy came to national attention when he became the victim of a violent attack in 2002 , which touched off a national discussion of hate crimes , drawing comparisons to the Matthew Shepard case . On September 1 , 2002 , Broudy and friend Edward Ulett were attacked after embracing outside Broudy 's West Hollywood , California home by three black male assailants , Larry Walker , Torwin Sessions and Vincent Dotson . Broudy was beaten with a baseball bat and left in a coma for 10 days . In response the West Hollywood gay community organized a candlelight vigil . Upon his regaining consciousness , Broudy 's doctors determined that he had suffered permanent brain damage and was left legally blind . Part of his skull was replaced with a metal plate . Walker , Sessions and Dotson were initially charged with attempted robbery , assault with a deadly weapon and conspiracy to commit robbery . Republican Los Angeles County District Attorney Steve Cooley declined to press hate crime charges , a decision that sparked outrage in the community . West Hollywood City Councilmember Sal Guarriello and his political consultants immediately launched a recall campaign against Cooley to demonstrate their disgust for Cooley 's homophobia . Cooley stated that he believed the motive to be robbery , not bias , a conclusion that Broudy disagreed with . After the preliminary hearing , an additional charge of aggravated mayhem was added for each defendant . On August 27 , 2003 , Walker pleaded guilty to all charges and a day later Sessions and Dotson did the same . Walker was sentenced to 13 years in prison , Dotson received a seven-year sentence and Sessions was sentenced to 21 years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc73081ffb6adf4c3efb6b3810ef034c", "text": "Waukegan riot of 1966 Waukegan riot of 1966 was a period of conflict between police and some residents of the town 's predominantly African-American and Puerto Rican neighborhoods on the south side that occurred in the midst of the tumult sweeping America in the midst of the Civil Rights Movement . On Friday , 26 August , an African-American police officer named Ernest Jones attempted to arrest Roosevelt Saunders , an African-American man . A fight ensued , and Saunders escaped into a crowd , and several days of rioting followed . The fact that the catalyzing encounter involved two African-Americans prompted some to suggest that the unrest was not about race , but the event underscored a deep sense of disempowerment among the African-American community . By 28 August , 200 police were called to a 2 square mile area bounded by the streets of Genesee , 10th , and McAllister , and South Avenue . As a mostly young crowd battled with police , a Puerto Rican family of six got caught in the crossfire , their car being hit by a Molotov cocktail while returning from church . The Waukegan branch of the NAACP later raised money for these victims . By the night of 29 August , police with riot helmets and shotguns had established a curfew beginning at 7:30 pm for the region enclosed by Belvidere Street , McAlister Street , South Avenue . and Lake Michigan . Over 100 African-Americans were arrested over the course of the weekend . Waukegan Mayor Robert Sabonjian had harsh words for those involved in the riots , calling them `` local hopheads , narcotic addicts , drunkards , and just plain scum '' and vowing that anyone involved in public housing would be evicted . He also reportedly issued an order to police of `` shoot to kill . '' Subsequently , Sabonjian held talks with community leaders and the NAACP , which vowed to open dialogue about segregation , police brutality , and the lack of recreation facilities in African-American and Puerto Rican neighborhoods of the city . Talks fell apart , though , when Sabonjian reiterated charges at the meeting that the NAACP had orchestrated the August unrest . He refused to apologize for the remarks , prompting the NAACP to walk out of talks . They were also upset by Sabonjian 's proposed measure in the city council , which required that all civil rights demonstrations consist of less than 100 people and , moreover , that all participants in these demonstrations ought to have their names submitted to the city police department four days beforehand . In response , the NAACP along with other community leaders organized a march of over 200 people on 10 September through downtown Waukegan . The crowd , mostly African-American , carried signs protesting segregated schools and racist housing policies . The march coincided with a push toward desegregation aimed at Whittier Elementary School . Almost entirely African-American , Whittier 's enrollment stood in contrast to Waukegan 's four other elementary schools , two of which were all white and two of which were 99 % white . As of early September , the Whittier community protested this segregation by boycotting , with less than a quarter of students showing up for class . In the wake of the march , Sabonjian backpedalled from the limit on crowds to less than 100 people , but he maintained the requirement that names of participants be submitted to the police department beforehand , ostensibly to prevent felons from involvement . Subsequent meetings between Sabonjian and the NAACP proved more productive . By late September , they had agreed to building a recreation center in the area of the August unrest as well as initiatives aimed at providing jobs for minority groups . Sabonjian 's rhetoric , however , did not moderate . In October 1966 , he referred to those involved in the riot as `` animals . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2425b2ff932aa71e1d4dfb48651f8e29", "text": "Los Monstruos del Terror Los Monstruos del Terror ( The Monsters of Terror ) , also known as Dracula vs. Frankenstein , Reincarnator and Assignment Terror , is a 1970 Spanish-German-Italian horror film directed by Tulio Demicheli , Hugo Fregonese and Eberhard Meichsner . The last two filmmakers were uncredited in the film 's original print . It stars Paul Naschy , Michael Rennie , Karin Dor and Craig Hill . It is the third in a series of movies featuring the werewolf Waldemar Daninsky , always played by Naschy . Monstruos del Terror was originally slated to be called `` The Man Who Came From Ummo '' , referring to Michael Rennie 's spaceman character . It was followed by the 1970 film The Fury of the Wolfman .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4db11ec380bc2c5cde3a2fbe8a4b55c7", "text": "Newhall incident The Newhall incident , also called the `` Newhall massacre '' , was a shootout between two heavily armed criminals and officers of the California Highway Patrol ( CHP ) in the Newhall unincorporated area of Los Angeles County , California on April 5 , 1970 . In less than 5 minutes , four CHP officers were killed in what was at the time the deadliest day in the history of California law enforcement . At approximately 11:55 p.m. ( UTC-8 ) , CHP officers Walt Frago and Roger Gore conducted a traffic stop of Bobby Davis and Jack Twinning in conjunction with an incident involving the pair that had been reported to the CHP minutes earlier . After stopping in a restaurant parking lot and initially cooperating with the officers , Twinning and Davis opened fire and killed both officers . Minutes later , Officers George Alleyn and James Pence arrived on the scene and engaged Twinning and Davis in a shootout . A passerby picked up one of the officers ' weapons and opened fire on the perpetrators ; however , the three were outgunned , and both Alleyn and Pence suffered fatal injuries while the passerby ran out of ammunition and took cover in a ditch . A third CHP patrol car arrived on the scene and the lone officer inside briefly exchanged gunfire with the perpetrators , but they were able to flee the scene . Over three hours later , after stealing a vehicle and exchanging gunfire with its owner , Davis attempted to flee the area ; however , he was spotted by police and arrested . Meanwhile , Twinning broke into a house and took one of its occupants hostage . The house was surrounded by deputies of the Los Angeles County Sheriff 's Department and at approximately 9 a.m. , he released the hostage and committed suicide when the deputies entered the house . Davis was sentenced to death but had his sentence commuted to life imprisonment without the possibility of parole in 1973 . He killed himself at Kern Valley State Prison in 2009 . The Newhall incident resulted in a number of changes at the CHP , including procedural changes in arresting high risk suspects and standardization of firearms and firearms training used across the department .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4ea491a1160b7a5cc44e81b6367cf73d", "text": "Massacre of El Amparo The Massacre of El Amparo was a massacre of 14 fishermen which took place near the village of El Amparo , in Venezuela 's western state of Apure , on 29 October 1988 . A joint military-police unit claimed the fishermen ( who had no police records and were not known to either Venezuelan or Colombian military intelligence ) were a group of guerillas who attacked them with guns and grenades , with an alleged 15 -- 20 minute exchange of gunfire occurring at a range of 20 -- 30m . No injuries were sustained by the unit , and an informant from the unit told investigators that the arms that were found amongst the bodies of the fishermen had been planted . An autopsy performed by Colombian officials on a Venezuelan victim found that he had been shot in the back , his skull crushed by heavy blows , and his face disfigured by acid . A month later further autopsies were performed by Venezuelan officials , with similar findings ; the report was suppressed , but witnesses reported the results . A case taken to the Inter-American Court of Human Rights ( IACHR ) concluded in 1996 , with the IACHR ordering Venezuela to pay over $ 700,000 in reparations to next of kin and surviving victims .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f5e13f89971285933091f48347955703", "text": "Miami cannibal attack On May 26 , 2012 , a naked male assailant named Rudy Eugene attacked and gruesomely maimed homeless man Ronald Poppo underneath a tram bridge crossing the MacArthur Causeway in Miami , Florida , making headlines across the world . During the 18-minute filmed encounter Eugene erroneously and erratically accused Poppo of stealing his Bible , then beat him unconscious , removed Poppo 's pants , and bit and chewed the flesh off most of his face above the beard , including his left eye . This rendered Poppo permanently blind in both eyes and grossly disfigured his face . Due to the incident 's bizarrely grotesque nature and subsequent worldwide media coverage , Eugene came to be dubbed the `` Miami Zombie '' and the `` Causeway Cannibal '' . The attack ended when Eugene was fatally shot by a Miami PD officer after failing to respond to commands instructing him to stop , and reportedly even snarled at police . Although friends and family interviewed immediately afterward filled in details of Eugene 's life , the reason for the attack remains unclear due to Eugene 's death . Eugene , 31 , was employed at a car wash at the time and was a divorced former high school football player with a series of petty criminal arrests from age 16 until most recently in 2009 . Poppo , 65 , a graduate of Manhattan 's prestigious Stuyvesant High School , was homeless and had long been presumed dead by his estranged family . While police sources speculated that the use of a legal recreational synthetic stimulant party drug such as `` bath salts '' ( which have a notorious reputation for the psychotic effects of the drug on some individuals ) might have been a contributing factor , experts expressed doubt about this hypothesis , since toxicology reports were only able to identify cannabis/marijuana in Eugene 's system , leaving the ultimate cause of his behavior unknown .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5837c49b11a439fb3860224beafdb976", "text": "Jared Lee Loughner Jared Lee Loughner ( -LSB- ˈlɒfnɚ -RSB- born September 10 , 1988 ) is an American mass murderer who pleaded guilty to 19 charges of murder and attempted murder in connection with the January 8 , 2011 Tucson shooting , in which he shot and severely injured U.S. Representative Gabrielle Giffords , his target , and killed six people , including Chief U.S. District Court Judge John Roll , as well as a nine-year-old bystander , Christina-Taylor Green . Loughner shot and injured a total of 13 people , while one man was injured while subduing him . Acquaintances said that Loughner 's personality had changed markedly in the years prior to the shooting , a period when he was also abusing alcohol and drugs . He had been suspended from Pima Community College in September 2010 because of his bizarre behavior and disruptions in classes and the library . After his arrest , two medical evaluations diagnosed him with paranoid schizophrenia and incompetent to stand trial . He was medicated while in jail as part of his treatment . He was again judged incompetent in May 2012 . In August 2012 , Loughner was judged competent to stand trial , and at the hearing , he pleaded guilty to 19 counts . In November 2012 , he was sentenced to life plus 140 years in federal prison .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b9029c2fd69d8965f39b1dfaf9b08595", "text": "Homicide in Spain Homicide , according to the Spanish Criminal Code 1995 is a crime which contravenes the legal right to `` independent human life '' . It is found in article 138 which states : `` He who kills another will be punished , as a defendant of homicide , with a prison sentence of ten to fifteen years '' . The main legal concept in article 138 is bad faith . It may be present in any form , whether direct or indirect . The active subject ( he who kills ) as well as the passive subject ( he who is killed ) are universal , meaning that either can be any person , regardless of the circumstances . Homicide committed by grave recklessness is covered in article 142 , which includes both reckless homicide by weapons or motor vehicles and homicide caused by professional recklessness . It states : `` 1 . He who by grave recklessness causes the death of another will be punished , as a defendant of reckless homicide , with a prison sentence of one to four years . 2 . When the reckless homicide is committed using a motor vehicle , a motorcycle or a firearm , the defendant will also be deprived of his right to drive motor vehicles or motorcycles or the right to possess and carry arms for one to six years . 3 . When the homicide is committed by professional recklessness , the defendant will also be prohibited from exercising his profession or office for a period of three to six years . '' Homicide by minor recklessness is covered in article 621.2 of the Criminal Code : `` 2 . Those who by minor recklessness cause the death of another person will be punished with a fine of one to two months '' . It is necessary to indicate that in Spanish law , involuntary homicide is not regulated ; in the majority of cases the law that will be applied will be somewhere between homicide and the criminal concept which is involved . Other specific concepts , such as parricide and uxoricide also do not exist , since in Spanish criminal law the punishment is founded in the violation of the legal right and not the fact of killing one particular person or another . For these cases , the circumstances of kinship , found in article 23 , could be used as aggravating .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "900ae894ee3e832df2399de4049c63c6", "text": "Crime in Washington, D.C. Crime in Washington , D.C. , is directly related to the city 's changing demographics , geography , and unique criminal justice system . The District 's population reached a peak of 982,178 in 1950 . However , shortly thereafter , the city began losing residents and by 1980 Washington had lost one-quarter of its population . The population loss to the suburbs also created a new demographic pattern , which divided affluent neighborhoods west of Rock Creek Park from more crime-ridden and blighted areas to the east . Despite being the headquarters of multiple federal law enforcement agencies , such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation ( FBI ) and United States Drug Enforcement Administration ( DEA ) , the nationwide crack epidemic of the 1980s and 1990s greatly affected the city and led to large increases in crime . The number of homicides in Washington peaked in 1991 at 897 ( a rate of nearly 60.8 homicides per 100,000 residents ) , and the city eventually became known as the `` murder capital '' of the United States . The crime rate started to fall in the mid-1990s as the crack cocaine epidemic gave way to economic revitalization projects . Gentrification efforts have also started to transform the demographics of distressed neighborhoods , recently leading to the first rise in the District 's population in 60 years . By the mid-2000s , crime rates in Washington dropped to their lowest levels in over 20 years . As in many major cities , crime remains a significant factor in D.C. , especially in the city 's northwestern neighborhoods , which tend to be more affluent , draw more tourists , and have more vibrant nightlife . Violent crime also remains a problem in Ward 8 , which has the city 's highest concentration of poverty .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e0ea78667f65c903d6154771f64c6faa", "text": "David Berkowitz David Richard Berkowitz ( born Richard David Falco ; June 1 , 1953 ) , known also as the Son of Sam and the .44 Caliber Killer , is an American serial killer who was convicted of eight separate shooting attacks that began in New York City during the summer of 1976 . The crimes were perpetrated with a .44 caliber Bulldog revolver . He killed six people and wounded seven others by July 1977 . As the number of victims increased , Berkowitz eluded the biggest police manhunt in the history of New York City while leaving letters that mocked the police and promised further crimes , which were highly publicized by the press . The killing spree terrorized New Yorkers and achieved worldwide notoriety . On the evening of August 10 , 1977 , Berkowitz was taken into custody by New York City police homicide detectives in front of his Yonkers apartment building , and he was subsequently indicted for eight shooting incidents . He confessed to all of them , and claimed to have been obeying the orders of a demon , manifested in the form of a dog `` Harvey '' who belonged to his neighbor `` Sam '' . Despite his explanation , Berkowitz was found mentally competent to stand trial . He pleaded guilty to second-degree murder and was incarcerated in state prison . In the course of further police investigation , Berkowitz was also implicated in many unsolved arsons in the city . Intense coverage of the case by the media lent a kind of celebrity status to Berkowitz , and some observers noted that he seemed to enjoy it . In response , the New York State legislature enacted new legal statutes , known popularly as `` Son of Sam laws '' , designed to keep criminals from profiting financially from the publicity created by their crimes . Despite various amendments and legal challenges , the statutes have remained law in New York , and similar laws have been enacted in several other states . Berkowitz has been imprisoned since his arrest and is serving six consecutive life sentences . During the mid-1990s , he amended his confession to claim that he had been a member of a violent Satanic cult that orchestrated the incidents as ritual murder . He remains the only person ever charged with the shootings , yet some law enforcement authorities have questioned whether Berkowitz 's claims are credible . A new investigation of the murders began during 1996 , but was suspended indefinitely after inconclusive findings .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cac3bdc3ab2910f6993a7d76352154fd", "text": "Raymond Lee Harvey Raymond Lee Harvey was an Ohio-born unemployed American drifter . He was arrested by the Secret Service after being found carrying a starter pistol with blank rounds , ten minutes before President Jimmy Carter was to give a speech at the Civic Center Mall in Los Angeles on May 5 , 1979 . Although he had a history of mental illness , police investigated his claims that he was part of a four-man operation to assassinate the president . He claimed that he had been approached by three Latino men staying at the Alan Hotel who gave him the starter pistol , and asked him to shoot it into the ground to create a diversion , so they could then shoot the president from their hotel room during the distraction . According to Harvey , he fired seven blank rounds from the starter pistol on the hotel roof on the night of May 4 , to test how much noise it would make . He then spent the night in a room taken by one of the men , whom he knew as `` Julio '' , but who was later identified as a 21-year-old illegal Mexican alien who gave the name Osvaldo Espinoza Ortiz . At the time of his arrest , Harvey had eight spent rounds in his pocket , as well as 70 unspent blank rounds for the gun . The names `` Lee Harvey '' and `` Osvaldo '' ( Osvaldo is the Spanish equivalent to `` Oswald '' ) drew comparisons to Lee Harvey Oswald , who assassinated President John F. Kennedy . This led conspiracy theorists to claim that the incident was set up to scare Carter into submission . Although originally dismissed as `` a tale spun by an intoxicated man , '' police investigating the claims found a room in the Alan Hotel rented under the name `` Umberto Camacho , '' the name of an alleged conspirator given by Ortiz , containing a shotgun case and three unspent rounds of ammunition . The occupant had checked out of the hotel room the day of the alleged assassination attempt . Harvey was jailed on a $ 50,000 bond , given his transient status , and Ortiz was alternately reported as being held on a $ 100,000 bond as a material witness or held on a $ 50,000 bond being charged with burglary from a car . Charges against the pair were ultimately dismissed for a lack of evidence . His age at the time of the event has been alternately given as 34 or 35 .", "title": "" } ]
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440a0580ebeaa959b571ad79dbfe170e
MS Dhoni plays cricket for India.
[ { "docid": "6205a85b1e1672d869a6913bfb81cfc5", "text": "MS Dhoni Mahendra Singh Dhoni ( ; commonly known as MS Dhoni ; born 7 July 1981 ) is an Indian cricketer who captained the Indian team in limited-overs formats from 2007 to 2016 and in Test cricket from 2008 to 2014 . An attacking right-handed middle-order batsman and wicket-keeper , he is widely regarded as one of the greatest finishers in limited-overs cricket . He is also regarded to be one of the best wicket-keepers in world cricket and is known to have very fast hands . He made his One Day International ( ODI ) debut in December 2004 against Bangladesh , and played his first Test a year later against Sri Lanka . Dhoni holds numerous captaincy records such as most wins by an Indian captain in Tests and ODIs , and most back-to-back wins by an Indian captain in ODIs . He took over the ODI captaincy from Rahul Dravid in 2007 and led the team to its first-ever bilateral ODI series wins in Sri Lanka and New Zealand . Under his captaincy , India won the 2007 ICC World Twenty20 , the CB Series of 2007 -- 08 , the 2010 Asia Cup , the 2011 ICC Cricket World Cup and the 2013 ICC Champions Trophy . In the final of the 2011 World Cup , Dhoni scored 91 not out off 79 balls handing India the victory for which he was awarded the Man of the Match . In June 2013 , when India defeated England in the final of the Champions Trophy in England , Dhoni became the first captain to win all three ICC limited-overs trophies ( World Cup , Champions Trophy and the World Twenty20 ) . After taking up the Test captaincy in 2008 , he led the team to series wins in New Zealand and West Indies , and the Border-Gavaskar Trophy in 2008 , 2010 and 2013 . In 2009 , Dhoni also led the Indian team to number one position for the first time in the ICC Test rankings . In 2013 , under his captaincy , India became the first team in more than 40 years to whitewash Australia in a Test series . In the Indian Premier League , he captained the Chennai Super Kings to victory at the 2010 and 2011 seasons , along with wins in the 2010 and 2014 editions of Champions League Twenty20 . He announced his retirement from Tests on 30 December 2014 . Dhoni holds the post of Vice-President of India Cements Ltd. , after resigning from Air India . India Cements is the owner of the IPL team Chennai Super Kings , and Dhoni has been its captain since the first IPL season . Dhoni is the co-owner of Indian Super League team Chennaiyin FC . Dhoni has been the recipient of many awards , including the ICC ODI Player of the Year award in 2008 and 2009 ( the first player to win the award twice ) , the Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna award in 2007 and the Padma Shri , India 's fourth highest civilian honour , in 2009 . He was named as the captain of ICC World Test XI and ICC World ODI XI teams for 2009 . The Indian Territorial Army conferred the honorary rank of Lieutenant Colonel to Dhoni on 1 November 2011 . He is the second Indian cricketer after Kapil Dev to have received this honour . In 2011 , Time magazine included Dhoni in its annual Time 100 list as one of the `` Most Influential People in the World . '' In 2012 , SportsPro rated Dhoni as the sixteenth most marketable athlete in the world . In June 2015 , Forbes ranked Dhoni at 23rd in the list of highest paid athletes in the world , estimating his earnings at US$ 31 million . In 2016 , a biopic M.S. Dhoni : The Untold Story was made on him .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "9dde8f785c4e93dccbd92eef49ae016d", "text": "2014 ICC World Twenty20 Knockouts The Knockout stage of the 2014 ICC World Twenty20 took place from 3 April to 6 April 2014 . Defending champions the West Indies were knocked out in the first semi-final , while India defeated South Africa in the second semi-final . Sri Lanka and India had played each other over sixty times in the last seven years , with India winning the majority of the matches . During the tournament India was the only unbeaten team heading into the final , whereas Sri Lanka had lost a group match to England . Despite this , statistically there had been little between the two teams during the tournament . India , sent into bat by Sri Lanka after they won the toss , posted 130 runs in their 20 overs . Virat Kohli top scored with 77 , but Yuvraj Singh 's 11 runs off 21 balls slowed the innings momentum in the final overs . Sri Lanka reached 134 runs in 17.5 overs with the loss of 4 wickets . Kumar Sangakkara , playing his last Twenty20 international match , guided Sri Lanka home with an unbeaten 52 runs . Sangakkara was named Player of the Match , while Kohli was named Player of the Tournament .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ecdc23501d98178aee9a69065bb83253", "text": "Shikhar Dhawan Shikhar Dhawan ( born 5 December 1985 ) is an Indian international cricketer . He is a left-handed opening batsman and occasional right-arm off break bowler , who plays for Delhi in domestic cricket and Sunrisers Hyderabad in the IPL . He played for the Indian Under-17 and Under-19 teams before making his first-class debut for Delhi in November 2004 . He was the player of the tournament and leading run-scorer at the 2004 Under-19 Cricket World Cup with 505 runs , a record for most runs in a single Under-19 World Cup that still stands . Dhawan made his One Day International ( ODI ) debut against Australia in October 2010 at Visakhapatnam . His Test debut came against the same opposition in March 2013 at Mohali where he scored the fastest century by any batsman on Test debut ( 85 balls ) and ended his innings with 187 runs from 174 balls . He was the leading run-scorer and the Man of the Tournament of 2013 ICC Champions Trophy in England , which India won . In August 2013 , he recorded the then second highest individual score in a List A match when he scored 248 runs off 150 balls for India A against South Africa A at Pretoria . In November 2014 , he became the fastest Indian batsman to reach the 2000-run mark in ODIs . He was the leading run-scorer for India and fifth highest run-scorer overall at the 2015 Cricket World Cup . In 2016 , he became the fastest Indian and one of the three fastest batsmen in the world to reach 3000 ODI runs . He was the player of the match in the final of the 2016 Asia Cup which India won . He was the fourth highest run-getter of the 2016 Indian Premier League which Hyderabad won .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2d3b685b3b3039475d343fb390dc81c1", "text": "History of the Indian cricket team The Indian cricket team made its Test cricket debut in 1932 and has since advanced to be among the top four test teams in the ICC rankings in each of 2005 to 2008 . The team won the Cricket World Cup in 1983 and 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e7af05b29024e8724a65e7446873d5c4", "text": "List of Sri Lanka ODI cricketers This is a list of Sri Lankan One Day International cricketers . A One Day International , or ODI for short , is an international cricket match between two representative teams , each having ODI status , as determined by the International Cricket Council ( ICC ) . An ODI differs from a Test match in that the number of overs per team is limited , and that each team has only one innings . The list is arranged in the order in which each player won his first ODI cap . Where more than one player won his first ODI cap in the same match , those players are listed alphabetically by surname . Statistics are correct as of 1 April 2017", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bcb8995f657fdf87ae6629682bbc6290", "text": "Asia Cup The ACC Asia Cup is a men 's One Day International & Twenty20 International cricket tournament . It was established in 1983 when the Asian Cricket Council was founded as a measure to promote goodwill between Asian countries . It was originally scheduled to be held every two years . The first Asia cup was held in 1984 in Sharjah in the United Arab Emirates where the council 's offices were based ( until 1995 ) . India boycotted the 1986 tournament due to strained cricketing relations with Sri Lanka . Pakistan boycotted the 1990-91 tournament due to strained political relations with India . The 1993 tournament was cancelled due to strained political relations between India and Pakistan . The ACC has announced that the tournament will be held biennially from 2008 onwards . The ICC has ruled that all games played in the Asia Cup have official ODI status . After downsizing the Asian Cricket Council in 2015 , it was announced by the ICC that Asia Cup events from 2016 will be played on a rotation basis between One Day International and Twenty20 International format , on the basis of format of upcoming world events . As a result , the 2016 event will be first event played in the T20I format and will function as a preparatory tournament ahead of the 2016 ICC World Twenty20 . India and Sri Lanka are the most successful teams in the ODI format of the tournament having won the cup five times each . Pakistan has also won the ODI tournament two times . India is the most successful team in the T20I format having won the inaugural version in 2016 . India is the most successful team in the tournament having won it 6 times ( 5 times in ODI format and once in the T20 format ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7393ae78258536e834566044fa9a68f8", "text": "Indian cricket team in South Africa in 2006–07 The Indian cricket team toured South Africa for three Tests and five ODIs from 16 November 2006 to 6 January 2007 . South Africa won the Test series 2 -- 1 . After India won the first Test at New Wanderers Stadium in Johannesburg , South Africa rallied to win the 2nd Test at Kingsmead in Durban and the third Test at Newlands in Cape Town . South Africa won the ODI series 4 -- 0 , which was India 's first ODI series without a win since 1997 . There was also one Twenty20 International , which India won .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "12d69643bef3455ac9d13cb158fa793a", "text": "The Business of Cricket The Business of Cricket : The Story of Sports Marketing in India is the first book on the history of sports marketing in India on how it has grown from nothing to a $ 2.6 billion industry today How a single sport cricket has driven this growth , the role of icons such as Gavaskar , Kapil , Sachin and Dhoni , the role of the BCCI and the IPL , and how India is today the headquarters of world cricket . The authors bring a combined marketing experience of 40 years to the book and have made it entertaining as well as informative .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dcf334b5a811d55ee67b82df42fdfb6f", "text": "Unmukt Chand Unmukt Chand ( born 26 March 1993 ) is an Indian cricketer . He is a right-hand batsman who usually opens the batting . He plays for Delhi in Indian domestic cricket tournaments and Mumbai Indians in the IPL . Chand led the India Under-19 cricket team to the U-19 Cricket World Cup victory in 2012 . He hit an unbeaten 111 in the final against Australia in Townsville , winning the praise of Australian great Ian Chappell .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5fcda85f529f1af7ac39d33c0ef2f1e5", "text": "DRIEMS Ground Dhaneswar Rath Institute of Engineering and Management Sciences Ground is located in the city of Cuttack , Odisha , India . It is currently used by the Board of Control for Cricket in India and Odisha Cricket Association for Women 's One Day Internationals and First Class matches . The stadium is currently used as the home ground for India national women 's cricket team and two Indian domestic cricket team , Odisha and East Zone . Dhaneswar Rath Institute of Engineering and Management Sciences Ground has hosted 3 ODI matches with the host team India of 2013 Women 's Cricket World Cup .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "66237474e9ef145227d92829b69d0948", "text": "History of the West Indian cricket team The history of the West Indian cricket team begins in the 1880s when the first combined West Indian team was formed and toured Canada and the United States . In the 1890s , the first representative sides were selected to play visiting English sides . Administered by the West Indies Cricket Board ( `` WICB '' ) , and known colloquially as The Windies , the West Indies cricket team represents a sporting confederation of English-speaking Caribbean countries . The WICB joined the sport 's international ruling body , the Imperial Cricket Council , in 1926 , and played their first official international match , which in cricket is called a Test , in 1928 . Although blessed with some great players in their early days as a Test nation , their successes remained sporadic until the 1960s , by which time the side had changed from a white-dominated to a black-dominated side . By the late 1970s , the West Indies had a side recognised as unofficial world champions , a title they retained throughout the 1980s . Their team from the 1970s and 1980s is now widely regarded as having been one of the best in test cricket 's history , alongside Don Bradman 's Invincibles . During these glory years , the Windies were noted for their four-man fast bowling attack , backed up by some of the best batsmen in the world . The 1980s saw them set a then-record streak of 11 consecutive Test victories in 1984 , which was part of a still-standing record of 27 tests without defeat ( the other tests being draws ) , as well as inflicting two 5 -- 0 `` blackwashes '' against the old enemy of England . Throughout the 1990s and 2000s , however , West Indian cricket declined , in part due to the rise in popularity of athletics and football in West Indian countries , and the team today is struggling to regain its past glory . In their early days in the 1930s , the side represented the British colonies of the West Indies Federation plus British Guyana . The current side represents the now independent states of Antigua and Barbuda , Barbados , Dominica , Grenada , Guyana , Jamaica , Saint Kitts and Nevis , Saint Lucia , Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and Trinidad and Tobago , and the British dependencies of Anguilla , Montserrat and the British Virgin Islands along with the U.S. Virgin Islands and St. Maarten . National teams also exist for the various islands , which , as they are all separate countries , very much keep their local identities and support their local favourites . These national teams take part in the West Indian first-class competition , the Stanford 20/20 , the Carib Beer Cup ( earlier known as the Busta Cup , Shell Shield and various other names ) . It is also common for other international teams to play the island teams for warm-up games before they take on the combined West Indies team .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5d306d2fde8c523422ce7fee05dde22", "text": "Indian cricket team in Bangladesh in 2007 The Indian cricket team toured Bangladesh for two Test matches and three One Day Internationals in May 2007 . The first match was played on 10 May , the first of three ODIs with India defeating Bangladesh by five wickets -- less than two months after Bangladesh shocked India by defeating them by five wickets in the World Cup , leading to India 's early exit from the competition . India completed the series win with a steady 46-run win , thanks largely in part to Gautam Gambhir 's century . The third match was abandoned due to intermittent rain , resulting in a waterlogged pitch -- brought on largely in part due to Cyclone Akash which had hit south Bangladesh earlier that day . Leading run scorer of the ODI series and Indian wicket-keeper Mahendra Singh Dhoni took home the player of the series award following a return to form with the bat and 3 dismissals behind the stumps.In the second test match Mohammad Ashraful scored the fastest test fifty in just 27 delivery . The Test series ended in a 1 -- 0 win for India ; the first Test was affected by rain , helping Bangladesh secure a draw despite two declarations by India and a 149-run lead on first innings , but in the second Test India only lost three wickets in their three-day innings win .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18d5b8f4ee6e481f704c2211a31693a9", "text": "List of Indian Premier League five-wicket hauls In cricket , a five-wicket haul ( also known as a `` five-for '' or `` fifer '' ) refers to a bowler taking five or more wickets in a single innings . This is regarded as a notable achievement . The Indian Premier League ( IPL ) is a professional Twenty20 cricket league in India , which has been held annually since its first season in 2008 . In the nine seasons played , fifteen five-wicket hauls have been taken by different bowlers . Players from nine of the thirteen teams have taken five-wicket hauls ; Pune Warriors India , Kochi Tuskers Kerala , Sunrisers Hyderabad and Gujarat Lions are the only franchises for which a player has not taken a five-wicket haul . The first five-wicket haul was taken by Sohail Tanvir of the Rajasthan Royals against the Chennai Super Kings on 4 May 2008 . Tanvir took six wickets for fourteen runs , the best bowling figures in an innings by a player in the competition and the sole six-wicket haul . The most recent five-wicket haul was taken by James Faulkner of the Rajasthan Royals against Sunrisers Hyderabad in Hyderabad on 17 May 2013 . The most economical five-wicket haul was taken by Anil Kumble of the Royal Challengers Bangalore , who claimed five wickets with an economy rate of 1.57 and an bowling average of 1.00 in the 2009 season , and won the `` best breakthrough performance '' award for it . Dimitri Mascarenhas of the Kings XI Punjab took the least economical five-wicket haul , bowling with an economy rate of 6.25 . James Faulkner of the Rajasthan Royals is the only bowler who has taken two five-wicket hauls in the IPL , both being against the Sunrisers Hyderabad in the 2013 season . Three five-wickets hauls have been taken by players of the Mumbai Indians and the Rajasthan Royals , respectively , which is more than any other team . Kings XI Punjab and Sunrisers Hyderabad have had the highest number of five-wicket hauls against them , with three each . Three five-wicket hauls have been taken at the Feroz Shah Kotla Ground . Fifty-five four-wicket hauls have been taken in the competition , 13 of which were taken in fewer than four overs . Andrew Tye of Gujarat Lions is the only bowler to take a hat-trick and a five-wicket haul in an IPL debut match . The list includes all the five-wicket hauls taken in the IPL , and is correct as of the 2016 season . The list does not cover the games played by the IPL teams in other tournaments , such as the Champions League Twenty20 , the British Asian Cup or the 2008 Kolkata Knight Riders tour of Australia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cdc6b414214da298706a93e23205ce55", "text": "Club cricket Club cricket is a mainly amateur , but still formal , form of the sport of cricket , usually involving teams playing in competitions at weekends or in the evening . There is a great deal of variation in game format although the Laws of Cricket are always observed . The main nations that club cricket is played in are Pakistan , England , Australia , South Africa , Sri Lanka , West Indies , New Zealand , Bangladesh , Nepal , Zimbabwe , Kenya , Zambia , Namibia , Uganda , Tanzania , Ireland , Wales , Scotland , Netherlands , Hong Kong and in some of the major cities in India . Club cricket is played virtually all over the world . Club cricket is also now played in the United States and Canada , as both countries have large communities of immigrants from mainstream cricket-playing regions such as the Caribbean , Europe , Asia , Africa and Australasia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ef7dfdf2cc6aa9b1aa4c3031a5f721a3", "text": "Chennaiyin FC Chennaiyin FC ( CFC ) is an Indian Super League football franchise based in Chennai , Tamil Nadu . The franchise began to play in October 2014 during the inaugural season of the Indian Super League . They were the Indian Super League champions for the year 2015 . Home of Golden Boot winners . The franchise is owned by Vita Dani , Bollywood actor Abhishek Bachchan and Indian cricketer Mahendra Singh Dhoni . Its manager is Italian World Cup-winning defender Marco Materazzi and former Liverpool , Roma left back John Arne Riise is the marquee player . The team 's name Chennaiyin FC means Chennai 's football club in Tamil where the ` yin ' suffix is similar to Apostrophe s in English . The team 's logo is the Dhrishti Bommai , a representation of chasing negativity and preserving positivity in the Tamil culture .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2a932866a32083ddeaf97c29bb1f09f4", "text": "Suresh Raina Suresh Raina ( ; born 27 November 1986 ) is an Indian professional cricketer . An aggressive left-handed middle-order batsman and an occasional off-spin bowler , he is considered as one of the best fielders in world cricket . He plays for Uttar Pradesh in all forms of domestic cricket . He is the captain of Gujarat Lions in the Indian Premier League , and was the vice-captain of the Chennai Super Kings . He has also captained the Indian cricket team and is the second-youngest player to captain India . He is the first of the three Indian batsmen to ever score a century in all three formats of international cricket . Raina made his ODI debut in July 2005 against Sri Lanka at the age of 19 . However , his Test debut came about five years later , in July 2010 , against the same opposition . He scored a hundred on his Test debut . He was a part of the Indian squad that won the 2011 World Cup .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "632c743d7872f52fcd225dcb56225fe0", "text": "India national under-19 cricket team The Indian Under-19 cricket team represents the nation of India in cricket at Under-19 level . The team is currently captained by Abhishek Sharma and coached by former India cricketer Rahul Dravid . The Indian team has won three Under-19 World Cups . In 2000 , they won it under the captaincy of Mohammad Kaif and in 2008 , they won it under Virat Kohli 's leadership and in 2012 under the captaincy of Unmukt Chand . The team also has the best win percentage in ODIs ( 77 % ) among all Under-19 national teams .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dfd8ea25d37b3316598325e670f0d48c", "text": "Rising Pune Supergiants in 2016 The Rising Pune Supergiants ( RPS ) is a franchise cricket team based in Pune , Maharashtra , India , which plays in the Indian Premier League ( IPL ) . They were one of the eight teams that competed in the 2016 Indian Premier League and were captained by Mahendra Singh Dhoni . This was their first season playing in the IPL .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7e032fc093bbf4d4b7d183fc816a8645", "text": "List of Cricket World Cup five-wicket hauls In cricket , a five-wicket haul ( also known as a `` five -- for '' or `` fifer '' ) refers to a bowler taking five or more wickets in a single innings . This is regarded by the critics as a notable achievement , and there have been only 54 instances of a bowler taking a five-wicket haul in World Cup tournaments . The Cricket World Cup is the international championship of One Day International ( ODI ) cricket . The event is organised by the sport 's governing body , the International Cricket Council ( ICC ) , and is held once in every four years . Players from all the teams that have permanent ODI status -- with the exception of Bangladesh -- have picked up five-wicket hauls . In addition , players from four teams that are associate members of the ICC have taken fifers in World Cups . Starting with the inaugural edition in 1975 , a total of 49 bowlers have taken five-wicket haul in World Cup tournaments as of 2015 . Australian bowler Dennis Lillee was the first to take a fifer when he took 5 wickets for 34 runs against Pakistan during the third match of the world cup . His compatriot Gary Gilmour followed with two consecutive fifers in the semi-final and final of the tournament , doing so against England and West Indies respectively . His 6 wickets for 14 runs against the former was named the `` Best Bowling Performance '' in ODIs in an all-time list released by the Wisden Cricketers ' Almanack in 2002 . Joel Garner of West Indies became the second and last bowler to achieve a fifer in a final when he took 5 wickets for 38 runs against England in 1979 final . The performance ensured West Indies ' victory , and helped them earn their second title . The 1992 edition was the only tournament where no five-wicket hauls were taken , while the 2003 tournament had a record 12 five-wicket hauls taken by 11 different bowlers . Five bowlers -- Gilmour , Ashantha de Mel , Glenn McGrath , Vasbert Drakes and Shahid Afridi -- have performed this feat twice in the history of the tournament . McGrath was the only bowler to take a five-wicket haul in more than one World Cup . His 7 wickets for 15 runs against Namibia remains the best bowling figures by a bowler in the history of the tournament . The most recent five - wicket haul was taken by Australia cricketer Mitchell Starc in the 2015 World Cup ; he took 6 wickets for 28 runs against New Zealand .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a21940f71dc84ff1772bce488070f2c1", "text": "Raghav Dhawan Raghav Dhawan ( born 8 January 1987 in Mandi , Himachal Pradesh ) is an Indian cricketer who plays first-class and List A cricket for Himachal Pradesh since 2014 . He is primarily a medium pace-bowling all-rounder who bats in the middle-order .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5731896a16d835f57e6eb36917311957", "text": "Sri Lankan cricket team in India in 1997–98 The Sri Lanka national cricket team toured India during the 1997 -- 98 cricket season , playing three Test matches and three One Day Internationals ( ODIs ) . Both series were drawn ; all three Tests were draws , and each side won one of the ODIs , tying the series 1 -- 1 . The other ODI , which was held on 25 December , was abandoned after three overs had been bowled , when after discussion between the two captains and the match referee , it was determined that the inconsistent bounce of the pitch was too dangerous for the players . This was the first occasion on which an international cricket match had been called off for this reason . The third ODI was marred by umpiring controversy and disruption from the crowd . During India 's innings , Ajay Jadeja was given out , after being caught behind . The umpire initially raised his finger to dismiss the batsman , but then changed his mind , and continued raising his finger to adjust his hat . He then turned down the appeal , and Jadeja continued to bat . Elmo Rodrigopulle , writing for Cricinfo , reported that `` it was a mockery on the umpiring fraternity and what umpiring stands for . '' Later , in Sri Lanka 's reply , when they were 205 for four , needing just 29 more runs for victory , the game was held up because spectators threw bottles onto the field . After a ten-minute delay , the match resumed , and Sri Lanka won by five wickets . The tour began on 13 November , when the Sri Lankans played an Indian XI for Anshuman Gaekwad 's benefit match , and concluded with the third ODI on 28 December . Sourav Ganguly was named player of the Test series , in which he was the leading run-scorer from either side , aggregating 392 runs . The most prolific batsman in the ODI series was Sri Lanka 's Roshan Mahanama , who was named the player of the ODI series .", "title": "" } ]
fever
54af564258f79ead63d2cf03ebb27d84
Joan of Arc was declared a national symbol.
[ { "docid": "9b2fbaa1f0a7ffb2d96f4e0b1bd1ef37", "text": "Joan of Arc Joan of Arc ( Jeanne d'Arc , -LSB- ʒan daʁk -RSB- ; 6 January c. 1412 -- 30 May 1431 ) , nicknamed `` The Maid of Orléans '' ( La Pucelle d'Orléans ) , is considered a heroine of France for her role during the Lancastrian phase of the Hundred Years ' War and was canonized as a Roman Catholic saint . Joan of Arc was born to Jacques d'Arc and Isabelle Romée , a peasant family , at Domrémy in north-east France . Joan said she received visions of the Archangel Michael , Saint Margaret , and Saint Catherine of Alexandria instructing her to support Charles VII and recover France from English domination late in the Hundred Years ' War . The uncrowned King Charles VII sent Joan to the siege of Orléans as part of a relief mission . She gained prominence after the siege was lifted only nine days later . Several additional swift victories led to Charles VII 's coronation at Reims . This long-awaited event boosted French morale and paved the way for the final French victory . On 23 May 1430 , she was captured at Compiègne by the Burgundian faction , which was allied with the English . She was later handed over to the English and put on trial by the pro-English Bishop of Beauvais Pierre Cauchon on a variety of charges . After Cauchon declared her guilty she was burned at the stake on 30 May 1431 , dying at about nineteen years of age . In 1456 , an inquisitorial court authorized by Pope Callixtus III examined the trial , debunked the charges against her , pronounced her innocent , and declared her a martyr . In the 16th century she became a symbol of the Catholic League , and in 1803 she was declared a national symbol of France by the decision of Napoleon Bonaparte . She was beatified in 1909 and canonized in 1920 . Joan of Arc is one of the nine secondary patron saints of France , along with Saint Denis , Saint Martin of Tours , Saint Louis , Saint Michael , Saint Rémi , Saint Petronilla , Saint Radegund and Saint Thérèse of Lisieux . Joan of Arc has remained a popular figure in literature , painting , sculpture , and other cultural works since the time of her death , and many famous writers , filmmakers and composers have created works about her . Cultural depictions of her have continued in films , theater , television , video games , music , and performances to this day .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "30b9c8bdecf411d6a5c6de20010206ba", "text": "Knight A knight is a person granted an honorary title of knighthood by a monarch or other political leader for service to the monarch or country , especially in a military capacity . Historically , in Europe , knighthood was conferred upon mounted warriors . During the High Middle Ages , knighthood was considered a class of lower nobility . By the Late Middle Ages , the rank had become associated with the ideals of chivalry , a code of conduct for the perfect courtly Christian warrior . Often , a knight was a vassal who served as a fighter for a lord , with payment in the form of land holdings . The lords trusted the knights , who were skilled in battle on horseback . Since the early modern period , the title of knight is purely honorific , usually bestowed by a monarch , as in the British honours system , often for non-military service to the country . The modern female equivalent in the United Kingdom is Dame . Historically , the ideals of chivalry were popularized in medieval literature , especially the Matter of Britain and Matter of France , the former based on Geoffrey of Monmouth 's Historia Regum Britanniae ( History of the Kings of Britain ) which introduced the legend of King Arthur , written in the 1130s . Sir Thomas Malory 's Le Morte d'Arthur ( The Death of Arthur ) , written in 1485 , was important in defining the ideal of chivalry , which is essential to the modern concept of the knight , as an elite warrior sworn to uphold the values of faith , loyalty , courage , and honour . Furthermore , Geoffroi de Charny 's `` Book of Chivalry '' expounded upon the importance of Christian faith in every area of a knight 's life . During the Renaissance , the genre of chivalric romance became popular in literature , growing ever more idealistic and eventually giving rise to a new form of realism in literature popularised by Miguel de Cervantes ' Don Quixote . This novel explored the ideals of knighthood and their incongruity with the reality of Cervantes ' world . In the late medieval period , new methods of warfare began to render classical knights in armour obsolete , but the titles remained in many nations . Some orders of knighthood , such as the Knights Templar , have become the subject of legend ; others have disappeared into obscurity . Today , a number of orders of knighthood continue to exist in several countries , such as the English Order of the Garter , the Swedish Royal Order of the Seraphim , and the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav . Each of these orders has its own criteria for eligibility , but knighthood is generally granted by a head of state or monarch to selected persons to recognise some meritorious achievement . Knighthood in the Middle Ages was closely linked with horsemanship ( and especially the joust ) from its origins in the 12th century until its final flowering as a fashion among the high nobility in the Duchy of Burgundy in the 15th century . This linkage is reflected in the etymology of chivalry , cavalier and related terms ( see Etymology section below ) . The special prestige accorded to mounted warriors finds a parallel in the furusiyya in the Muslim world , and the Greek hippeus and Roman eques of classical antiquity .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "04f78ef375e649d09d3c563a43ba527b", "text": "Occitan cross The Occitan cross , also called cross of Occitania , cross of Provence , cross of Languedoc , cross of Forcalquier or Toulouse cross , is the symbol of Occitania , a region comprising roughly the southern third of modern-day France with small overlap into Spain and Italy , a region where the Occitan language thrived . The cross was first used as such , probably , in the coat of arms of the counts of Forcalquier in Provence and then by the counts of Toulouse in the traditional territory of Languedoc . It later spread to the other provinces of lo país , namely Provence , Guyenne , Gascony , Dauphiné , Auvergne and Limousin . A yellow Occitan cross on a blood-red background with the seven-armed golden star of the Felibritge makes up the flag of modern-day Occitania . It can also be found in the emblems of Midi-Pyrénées , Languedoc-Roussillon and Hautes-Alpes , among many others , as well as in cemeteries and at country crossroads . The Occitan cross is technically described as `` mouthed and hollowed out , with keys ( or paws ) and golden spheres '' ( de golas a la crotz voidada , clechada ( or patèa ) e pometada d'aur ) . In La Cançon de la crosada , it goes by the name of Raymondine cross ( crotz ramondenca , laisse 109 ) . It is still disputed among experts as to whether its first appearance in Occitania was in Provence or Languedoc .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fd9e90ec5d54b579c9fea0da490571c8", "text": "List of National Treasures of Japan (archaeological materials) The term `` National Treasure '' has been used in Japan to denote cultural properties since 1897 . The definition and the criteria have changed since the introduction of the term . These archaeological materials adhere to the current definition , and have been designated national treasures since the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties came into effect on June 9 , 1951 . The items are selected by the Ministry of Education , Culture , Sports , Science and Technology based on their `` especially high historical or artistic value '' . The list presents 46 materials or sets of materials from ancient to feudal Japan , spanning a period from about 4,500 BC to 1361 AD . The actual number of items is more than 46 because groups of related objects have been combined into single entries . Most of the items have been excavated from tombs , kofun , sutra mounds or other archaeological sites . The materials are housed in museums ( 28 ) , temples ( 9 ) , shrines ( 8 ) and a university ( 1 ) in 25 cities of Japan . The Tokyo National Museum houses the greatest number of archaeological national treasures , with 6 of the 46 . The Japanese Paleolithic marks the beginning of human habitation in Japan . It is generally accepted that human settlement did not occur before 38,000 BC , although some sources suggest the date to be as early as 50,000 BC . Archaeological artifacts from the paleolithic era consist of stone tools of various types , indicative of a hunter-gatherer society . From about 14,000 to 8,000 BC , the society gradually transformed to one characterized by the creation of pottery used for storage , cooking , bone burial and possibly ceremonial purposes . People continued to subsist on hunting , fishing and gathering , but evidence points to a gradual decrease in the nomadic lifestyle . Potsherds of unornamented pottery from the oldest archaeological sites constitute some of the world 's oldest pottery . These are followed by linear-relief , punctated and nail-impressed pottery types . The first cord-marked pottery dates to 8,000 BC . Cord-marked pottery required a technique of pressing twisted cords into the clay , or by rolling cord-wrapped sticks across the clay . The Japanese definition for the period of prehistory characterized by the use of pottery is and refers to the entire period ( c. 10,500 to 300 BC ) . Pottery techniques reached their apogee during the Middle Jōmon period with the emergence of fire-flame pottery created by sculpting and carving coils of clay applied to vessel rims , resulting in a rugged appearance . A set of 57 items of fire-flame pottery , dating to around 4,500 BC , has been designated as the oldest National Treasure . Archaeologists consider that such pottery may have had a symbolic meaning or was used ceremonially . Dogū -- small clay figurines depicting humans and animals -- can be dated to the earliest Jōmon period but their prevalence increased dramatically in the middle Jōmon . Many of these depict women with exaggerated breasts and enlarged buttocks , considered to be a fertility symbol . Five dogū from 3000 to 1000 BC have been designated as National Treasures . The ensuing Yayoi period is characterized by great technological advances such as wet-rice agriculture or bronze and iron casting , which were introduced from the mainland . Iron knives and axes , followed by bronze swords , spears and mirrors , were brought to Japan from Korea and China . Later all of these were produced locally . The primary artistic artifacts , with the exception of Yayoi pottery , are bronze weapons , such as swords , halberds and dōtaku , ritual bells . The bells were often discovered in groups on a hillside buried with the weapons . They are 0.2 to tall and often decorated with geometric designs such as horizontal bands , flowing water patterns or spirals . A few bells feature the earliest Japanese depiction of people and animals . In addition ornamental jewels were found . The weapons that have been excavated are flat and thin , suggesting a symbolic use . Due to rusting , few iron objects have survived from this period . Burial mounds in square , and later round , enclosures were common in the Yayoi period . The starting date of the Kofun period ( c. 250 -- 300 AD ) is defined by the appearance of large-scale keyhole-shaped kofun mound tombs , thought to mark imperial burials . Typical burial goods include mirrors , beads , Sue ware , weapons and later horse gear . One of the most well-known tombs , whose content of warrior-related items has been designated as National Treasure , is the late 6th century Fujinoki Tomb . Mirrors , swords and curved jewels , which constitute the Imperial Regalia of Japan , appear as early as the middle Yayoi period , and are abundant in Kofun period tombs . Characteristic of most kofun are haniwa clay terra cotta figures whose origin and purpose is unknown . A haniwa of an armoured man has been designated as National Treasure ; and a 1st-century gold seal , designated a National Treasure , shows one of the earliest mentions of Japan or Wa . Buddhism arrived in Japan in the mid -- 6th century Asuka period , and was officially adopted in the wake of the Battle of Shigisan in 587 , after which Buddhist temples began to be constructed . The new religion and customs fundamentally transformed Japanese society and the arts . Funerary traditions such as cremation and the practice of placing epitaphs in graves were imported from China and Korea . Following the treatment of Buddhist relics , the cremated remains in a glass container were wrapped in a cloth and placed in an outer container . Epitaphs , which recorded the lives of the deceased on silver or bronze rectangular strips , were particularly popular from the latter half of the 7th to the end of the 8th century ( late Asuka and Nara period ) . Four epitaphs and a number of cinerary urns and reliquaries containing bones have been designated as National Treasures . Other archaeological National Treasures from the Buddhist era include ritual items buried in the temple foundations of the Golden Halls of Tōdai-ji and Kōfuku-ji in Nara . According to an ancient Buddhist prophecy , the world would enter a dark period in 1051 ; consequently in the late Heian period the belief in the saving powers of Maitreya or Miroku , the Buddha to be , became widespread . Believers buried scriptures and images to gain merit and to prepare for the coming Buddha . This practice , which continued into the Kamakura period , required the transcription of sutras according to strict ritual protocols , their placement in protective reliquary containers and burial in the earth of sacred mountains , shrines or temples to await the future Buddha . The oldest known sutra mound is that of Fujiwara no Michinaga from 1007 on Mount Kinpu , who buried one lotus sutra and five other sutras that he had written in 998 . Its sutra container has been designated as National Treasure .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1488eef2f350a3e200af1008da95602d", "text": "Wars of the Roses The Wars of the Roses were a series of wars for control of the throne of England fought between supporters of two rival branches of the royal House of Plantagenet : the House of Lancaster ( associated with a red rose ) , and the House of York ( whose symbol was a white rose ) . The conflict lasted through many sporadic episodes between 1455 and 1487 ; however , there was fighting before and after this period between the houses . The power struggle ignited around social and financial troubles following the Hundred Years ' War , combined with the mental infirmity and weak rule of Henry VI which revived interest in Richard of York 's claim to the throne . Historians disagree about whether the Wars of the Roses were caused by the structural problems of bastard feudalism or Henry VI 's ineffectiveness as king . With the Duke of York 's death , the claim transferred to his heir , Edward , who later became the first Yorkist king of England , as Edward IV . His son reigned for 86 days as Edward V , but Parliament then decided that Edward and his brother Richard were illegitimate and offered the crown to Edward IV 's younger brother , who became Richard III . The two young princes disappeared within the confines of the Tower of London . The final victory went to a claimant of the Lancastrian party , Henry Tudor , Earl of Richmond , who defeated the last Yorkist king , Richard III , at the Battle of Bosworth Field . After assuming the throne as Henry VII , he married Elizabeth of York , the eldest daughter and heir of Edward IV , thereby uniting the two claims . The House of Tudor ruled the Kingdom of England until 1603 , with the death of Elizabeth I , granddaughter of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "39ea9c7a6519e8764b8ce6f6a559f886", "text": "France France ( -LSB- fʁɑ̃s -RSB- ) , officially the French Republic ( -LSB- ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛz -RSB- ) , is a country with territory in western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . The European , or metropolitan , area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . Overseas France include French Guiana on the South American continent and several island territories in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . France spans 643801 km2 and had a total population of almost 67 million people as of January 2017 . It is a unitary semi-presidential republic with the capital in Paris , the country 's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban centres include Marseille , Lyon , Lille , Nice , Toulouse and Bordeaux . During the Iron Age , what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls , a Celtic people . The area was annexed in 51 BC by Rome , which held Gaul until 486 , when the Germanic Franks conquered the region and formed the Kingdom of France . France emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages , with its victory in the Hundred Years ' War ( 1337 to 1453 ) strengthening state-building and political centralisation . During the Renaissance , French culture flourished and a global colonial empire was established , which by the 20th century would be the second largest in the world . The 16th century was dominated by religious civil wars between Catholics and Protestants ( Huguenots ) . France became Europe 's dominant cultural , political , and military power under Louis XIV . In the late 18th century , the French Revolution overthrew the absolute monarchy , established one of modern history 's earliest republics , and saw the drafting of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen , which expresses the nation 's ideals to this day . In the 19th century Napoleon took power and established the First French Empire , whose subsequent Napoleonic Wars shaped the course of continental Europe . Following the collapse of the Empire , France endured a tumultuous succession of governments culminating with the establishment of the French Third Republic in 1870 . France was a major participant in the First World War , from which it emerged victorious , and was one of the Allied Powers in the Second World War , but came under occupation by the Axis Powers in 1940 . Following liberation in 1944 , a Fourth Republic was established and later dissolved in the course of the Algerian War . The Fifth Republic , led by Charles de Gaulle , was formed in 1958 and remains to this day . Algeria and nearly all the other colonies became independent in the 1960s and typically retained close economic and military connections with France . France has long been a global centre of art , science , and philosophy . It hosts Europe 's fourth-largest number of cultural UNESCO World Heritage Sites and receives around 83 million foreign tourists annually , the most of any country in the world . France is a developed country with the world 's sixth-largest economy by nominal GDP and ninth-largest by purchasing power parity . In terms of aggregate household wealth , it ranks fourth in the world . France performs well in international rankings of education , health care , life expectancy , and human development . France remains a great power in the world , being one of the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council with the power to veto and an official nuclear-weapon state . It is a leading member state of the European Union and the Eurozone . It is also a member of the Group of 7 , North Atlantic Treaty Organization ( NATO ) , Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ( OECD ) , the World Trade Organization ( WTO ) , and La Francophonie .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8816841e7144b0d7d449ab288e828056", "text": "National War Memorial (Newfoundland) The National War Memorial in Downtown St. John 's is the most elaborate of all the post World War I monuments in Newfoundland and Labrador . It was erected at King 's Beach on Water Street where , in 1583 , Sir Humphrey Gilbert claimed Newfoundland for England . It was formally unveiled on Memorial Day , July 1 , 1924 by Field Marshal Douglas Haig , 1st Earl Haig . The term `` National '' refers to this monument being built by the Dominion of Newfoundland as a nation , before it became part of Canada . The Great War Veterans ' Association and the Newfoundland Patriotic Association launched the campaign to have the National War Memorial established . They developed a committee to establish the design and undertake the fund-raising to pay for the proposed memorial . Construction of the memorial was supervised by Lieutenant-Colonel Father Thomas Nangle , the Roman Catholic Padre of Royal Newfoundland Regiment and ( Ret ) Captain Gerald ( Gerry ) Whitty", "title": "" }, { "docid": "91be3306514ee0175995dd446740e70b", "text": "Catholicism in the Second Spanish Republic Catholicism in the Second Spanish Republic was an important area of dispute , and tensions between the Catholic hierarchy and the Republic were apparent from the beginning - the establishment of the Republic began ` the most dramatic phase in the contemporary history of both Spain and the Church . ' The dispute over the role of the Catholic Church and the rights of Catholics were one of the major issues which worked against the securing of a broad democratic majority and `` left the body politic divided almost from the start . '' The historian Mary Vincent has argued that the Catholic Church was an active element in the polarising politics of the years preceding the Spanish Civil War . Similarly , Frances Lannon asserts that , `` Catholic identity has usually been virtually synonymous with conservative politics in some form or other , ranged from extreme authoritarianism through gentler oligarchic tendencies to democratic reformism . '' The municipal elections of 1931 that triggered the establishment of the Second Spanish Republic and the Spanish Constitution of 1931 `` brought to power an anticlerical government . '' Prime Minister Manuel Azaña asserted that the Catholic Church was responsible in part for what many perceived as Spain 's backwardness and advocated the elimination of special privileges for the Church . An admirer of the pre-1914 Third French Republic , he wanted the Second Spanish Republic to emulate it , make secular schooling free and compulsory , and construct a non-religious basis for national culture and citizenship , part of the necessary updating and Europeanising of Spain . Following elections in June 1931 , the new parliament approved an amended constitutional draft on 9 December 1931 . The constitution introduced , civil marriage and divorce . It also established free , secular education for all . However , anti-clerical laws nationalized Church properties and required the Church to pay rent for the use of properties which it had previously owned . In addition , the government forbade public manifestations of Catholicism such as processions on religious feast days , banished the crucifix from schools ; the Jesuits were expelled . Catholic schools continued , but outside the state system , and in 1933 further legislation banned all monks and nuns from teaching . In May 1931 , after monarchist provocations , an outburst of mob violence against the Republic 's perceived enemies had led to the burning of churches , convents and religious schools in Madrid and other cities . Anticlerical sentiment and anticlerical legislation , particularly that of 1931 , meant that moderate Catholicism quickly became embattled and it was ultimately displaced . In the election of November 1933 , the right-wing CEDA emerged as the largest single party in the new Cortes . President Alcalá-Zamora however asked the Radical leader Alejandro Lerroux to become Spain 's Prime Minister . A general strike and armed rising of workers in October 1934 was forcefully put down by the government . This in turn energized political movements across the spectrum in Spain , including a revived anarchist movement and new reactionary and fascist groups , including the Falange and a revived Carlist movement . Popular violence which marked the beginning of the Civil War , in the Republican zone saw churches and priests become conspicuous targets , viewed as an ideological enemy , and thirteen bishops and some 7000 - clergy , monks and nuns - were killed , nearly all in the first months , and thousands of churches were destroyed . Catholic heartland areas , with the exception of the Basque territory , largely supported Francisco Franco 's rebel Nationalist forces against the Popular Front government . In parts of Spain , like Navarra for example , the religious-patriotic zeal of priests could be very marked . According to the Benedictine writer Fr Hilari Raguer ; `` On the outbreak of Spanish Civil War the great majority , that is to say nearly the entire hierarchy of the Spanish Church , and nearly all the prominent among the laity , not only did nothing to restrain the conflict but spurred it on by joining almost en bloc one of the two sides , the side that ended by being the victor , and by demonizing whoever was working for peace . The Spanish Church -LSB- - -RSB- heated up the atmosphere before it started and added fuel to the flames afterwards . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e2a9152b5cef0ce834780d8eb05f66e", "text": "National symbols of Scotland The national symbols of Scotland are flags , icons or cultural expressions that are emblematic , representative or otherwise characteristic of Scotland or Scottish culture . As a rule , these national symbols are cultural icons that have emerged from Scottish folklore and tradition , meaning few have any official status . However , most if not all maintain recognition at a national or international level , and some , such as the Royal Arms of Scotland , have been codified in heraldry , and are established , official and recognised symbols of Scotland .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5c8dcd0713ac34a3b8c59d7a8ef87ba5", "text": "European Capital of Culture The European Capital of Culture is a city designated by the European Union for a period of one calendar year during which it organises a series of cultural events with a strong European dimension . Preparing a European Capital of Culture can be an opportunity for the city to generate considerable cultural , social and economic benefits and it can help foster urban regeneration , change the city 's image and raise its visibility and profile on an international scale . In 1985 , former actress Melina Mercouri , then Greece 's minister of culture , and her French counterpart Jack Lang came up with the idea of designating an annual Capital of Culture to bring Europeans closer together by highlighting the richness and diversity of European cultures and raising awareness of their common history and values . The Commission of the European Union manages the title and each year the Council of Ministers of the European Union formally designates European Capitals of Culture : more than 40 cities have been designated so far . An international panel of cultural experts is in charge of assessing the proposals of cities for the title according to criteria specified by the European Union . A 2004 study conducted for the European Commission , known as the `` Palmer report '' , demonstrated that the choice of European Capital of Culture served as a catalyst for the cultural development and the transformation of the city . Consequently , the beneficial socio-economic development and impact for the chosen city are now also considered in determining the chosen cities .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a04fdfee7cadf18224c3b3493fe0ff77", "text": "Santa Joana Santa Joana may refer to : Santa Joana ( parish ) - in Aveiro Municipality , Portugal Santa Joana River - river in Espírito Santo , Brazil Santa Joana , Princesa de Portugal - a Portuguese princess considered holy by the Catholic Church Santa Joana , work by George Bernard Shaw Santa Joana , Portuguese for Jeanne d'Arc", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4ef7f0328d26f06e121954b2b19a18f4", "text": "Saint Joan of the Stockyards Saint Joan of the Stockyards ( -LSB- Die Heilige Johanna der Schlachthöfe , links = no -RSB- ) is a play written by the German modernist playwright Bertolt Brecht between 1929 and 1931 , after the success of his musical The Threepenny Opera and during the period of his radical experimental work with the Lehrstücke . It is based on the musical that he co-authored with Elisabeth Hauptmann , Happy End ( 1929 ) . In this version of the story of Joan of Arc , Brecht transforms her into `` Joan Dark '' , a member of the `` Black Straw Hats '' ( a Salvation Army-like group ) in 20th-century Chicago . The play charts Joan 's battle with Pierpont Mauler , the unctuous owner of a meat-packing plant . Like her predecessor , Joan is a doomed woman , a martyr and ( initially , at least ) an innocent in a world of strike-breakers , fat cats , and penniless workers . Like many of Brecht 's plays it is laced with humor and songs as part of its epic dramaturgical structure and deals with the theme of emancipation from material suffering and exploitation . The play was broadcast on Berlin Radio on the 11 April 1932 , with Carola Neher as Joan and Fritz Kortner as Mauler . The cast also included Helene Weigel , Ernst Busch , Peter Lorre , Paul Bildt and Friedrich Gnass . The play did not receive its first theatrical production until the 30 April 1959 , at the Deutsches Schauspielhaus in Hamburg , after Brecht 's death . Brecht had asked Gustaf Gründgens to direct , with scenic design by Caspar Neher and music by Siegfried Franz . Brecht 's daughter Hanne Hiob played Joan . Brecht wrote two other versions of the Joan of Arc story : The Visions of Simone Machard ( 1942 ) and The Trial of Joan of Arc of Proven , 1431 ( 1952 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3da51d11ad168d6af0ee9fa90c52b6ba", "text": "Joan II of Navarre Joan II ( Jeanne 28 January 1312 -- 6 October 1349 ) was Queen of Navarre from 1328 until her death . She was the only surviving child of Louis X of France , King of France and Navarre , and Margaret of Burgundy . Joan 's paternity was dubious because her mother was involved in a scandal , but Louis X declared her his legitimate daughter before he died in 1316 . However , the French lords were opposed to the idea of a female monarch and elected Louis X 's brother , Philip V , king . The Navarrese noblemen also did homage to Philip . Joan 's maternal grandmother , Agnes of France , Duchess of Burgundy , and uncle , Odo IV of Burgundy , made attempts to secure the counties of Champagne and Brie ( which had been the patrimony of Louis X 's mother , Joan I of Navarre ) to Joan , but the French royal troops defeated her supporters . After Philip V married his daughter to Odo and granted him two counties as her dowry , Odo renounced Joan 's claim to Champagne and Brie in exchange for a compensation in March 1318 . Joan married Philip of Évreux , who was also a member of the French royal family . Philip V was succeeded by his brother , Charles IV , in both France and Navarre in 1322 , but most Navarrese lords refused to swear loyalty to him . After Charles IV died in 1328 , the Navarrese expelled the French governor and declared Joan the rightful monarch of Navarre . In France , Philip of Valois was crowned king . He concluded an agreement with Joan and her husband , who renounced Joan 's claims to Champagne and Brie in exchange for three counties , while Philip acknowledged their right to Navarre . Joan and her husband were together crowned in Pamplona Cathedral on 5 March 1329 . The royal couple closely cooperated during their joint reign , but Philip of Évreux was more active . However , they mostly lived in their French domains . Navarre was then administered by governors during their absence .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d35669e34455a17555685a6e8593cff", "text": "Wellington Declaration The `` Wellington Declaration '' ( otherwise known as the Declaration of Wellington ) was a manifesto by King Charles I near the start of the English Civil War On 18 September 1642 , before the first major pitched battle of Civil War , King Charles I raised his standard `` in the vicinity of '' ( i.e. not actually in ) Wellington , at the time a small , though highly influential , market town in Shropshire and addressed his troops the next day . He declared that he would uphold `` the Protestant Religion , the Laws of England , and the Liberty of Parliament '' . The Wellington Declaration was held to be so important that the Royal Mint stamped its slogans on the reverse of the 10 / - silver coins RELIG : PROT : LEG : ANG : LIBER : PAR and silver half crowns ( 2/6 ) REL.PRO.LEG.ANG.LIB.PAR that it produced at that time . The inscriptions abbreviate the words `` RELIGIO PROTESTANTIUM , LEGES ANGLIAE , LIBERTAS PARLIAMENTI '' , which is the declaration in Latin .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "41755cd1e375524612e32d94dc2225cb", "text": "List of First World War Victoria Cross recipients The Victoria Cross ( VC ) was awarded 628 times to 627 recipients for action in the First World War ( 1914 -- 1918 ) . The Victoria Cross is a military decoration awarded for valour `` in the face of the enemy '' to members of armed forces of some Commonwealth countries and previous British Empire territories . It takes precedence over all other Orders , decorations and medals ; it may be awarded to a person of any rank in any service and to civilians under military command . The award was officially constituted when Queen Victoria issued a warrant under the Royal sign-manual on 29 January 1856 that was gazetted on 5 February 1856 . The order was backdated to 1854 to recognise acts of valour during the Crimean War . The first awards ceremony was held on 26 June 1857 , where Queen Victoria invested 62 of the 111 Crimean recipients in a ceremony in Hyde Park . The First World War , also known as the Great War and in the United States as World War I , was a global military conflict that embroiled most of the world 's great powers , assembled in two opposing alliances : the Triple Entente and the Triple Alliance . More than 70 million military personnel were mobilised in one of the largest wars in history . The main combatants descended into a state of total war , directing their entire scientific and industrial capabilities into the war effort . Over 15 million people were killed , making it one of the deadliest conflicts in history . The proximate cause of war was the assassination on 28 June 1914 of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria . Soon after , a system of alliances were activated that would see Europe at war . The Western Front saw the largest concentration of Commonwealth troops with soldiers occupying sectors of the line from the North Sea to the Orne River . On 1 July 1916 , the first day of the Battle of the Somme , the British Army endured the bloodiest day in its history , suffering 57,470 casualties and 19,240 dead ; nine Victoria Crosses were awarded for action on that day . Most of the casualties occurred in the first hour of the attack . The entire Somme offensive cost the British Army almost half a million men . The war was not just fought on land ; the First World War saw major naval battles as well as the first large-scale use of military aircraft . The war at sea was mainly characterised by the efforts of the Allied Powers in blockading the Central Powers by sea . In return , the Central Powers attempted to break that blockade and establish an effective blockade of the British Isles and France with U-boats and raiders . The largest naval battle of the First World War was the Battle of Jutland which was the only full-scale clash of battleships in that war . Four Victoria Crosses were awarded for action at Jutland . The war in the air saw 19 VCs being awarded to airmen . The First World War saw significant interest in flying aces , including the German Manfred von Richthofen -- also known as The Red Baron -- as well as British aces such as Albert Ball , Mick Mannock and Billy Bishop , who were all Victoria Cross recipients . Hostilities ended on 11 November 1918 with the signing of the Armistice Treaty in the Compiègne Forest , but the war was not officially over until the various peace treaties were signed in 1919 . By the war 's end , four major imperial powers -- Germany , Russia , Austria-Hungary , and the Ottoman Empire -- had been militarily and politically defeated , and the latter two ceased to exist as autonomous entities . Of the 60 million European soldiers who were mobilised from 1914 -- 1918 , 8 million were killed , 7 million were permanently disabled , and 15 million were seriously injured . During the war , Britain called on its dominions and colonies , which provided invaluable military , financial and material support . The armies of the Dominions provided over 2.5 million men as well as many thousands of volunteers from the Crown colonies . The largest number of men came from the Indian sub continent , Canada , Australia and New Zealand . The Indian Contingent consisted of over 130,000 men in various capabilities and served primarily in France and Belgium . Over 9000 of them died and 11 of them were awarded the VC . The Australian Imperial Force ( AIF ) began forming on 15 August 1914 and remained a volunteer force for the entire war . Throughout the four years of conflict , 331,814 volunteers from Australia were sent overseas with 63 VCs awarded ; nine of these were given for the Gallipoli Campaign . Eleven members of the New Zealand Expeditionary Force ( NZEF ) were awarded the Victoria Cross . The Canadian Expeditionary Force ( CEF ) saw over 600,000 enlistments throughout its four-year history with 71 VCs awarded . At the outbreak of the hostilities , Newfoundland was a separate dominion and 2 soldiers from Newfoundland were awarded the Victoria Cross . The 628 awards of the Victoria Cross given for action during the First World War account for almost half the 1356 Victoria Crosses awarded throughout its history ; in comparison the Second World War saw 181 medals awarded . Noel Godfrey Chavasse was awarded the Victoria Cross and Bar , for two separate actions in the First World War on the battlefields of Mametz and Passchendaele . He died from wounds received in the second action . Arthur Martin-Leake received a Bar to his Victoria Cross for action in the First World War ; he had been awarded his first Victoria Cross for action in the Second Boer War . Of the 627 recipients 159 were awarded posthumously .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "471988de30007725fde9ab307a52eab4", "text": "Culture of the United Kingdom The culture of the United Kingdom is influenced by the UK 's history as a developed island country , a liberal democracy and a major power ; its predominantly Christian religious life ; and its composition of four countries -- England , Wales , Scotland and Northern Ireland -- each of which has distinct customs , cultures and symbolism . The wider culture of Europe has also influenced British culture , and Humanism , Protestantism and representative democracy developed from broader Western culture . British literature , music , cinema , art , theatre , comedy , media , television , philosophy , architecture and education are important aspects of British culture . The United Kingdom is also prominent in science and technology , producing world-leading scientists ( e.g. Isaac Newton and Charles Darwin ) and inventions . Sport is an important part of British culture ; numerous sports originated in the country , including football . The UK has been described as a `` cultural superpower '' , and London has been described as a world cultural capital . The Industrial Revolution , which started in the UK , had a profound effect on the socio-economic and cultural conditions of the world . As a result of the British Empire , significant British influence can be observed in the language , law , culture and institutions of a geographically wide assortment of countries , including Australia , Canada , India , the Republic of Ireland , New Zealand , Nigeria , Pakistan , South Africa , the United States and English speaking Caribbean nations . These states are sometimes collectively known as the Anglosphere , and are among Britain 's closest allies . In turn the empire also influenced British culture , particularly British cuisine . The cultures of England , Scotland , Wales and Northern Ireland are diverse and have varying degrees of overlap and distinctiveness .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "70dbe8ca7994247360dd0c3118cf6940", "text": "Femme à l'Éventail Femme à l'Éventail ( also known as L'Éventail vert , Woman with a Fan , and The Lady ) is an oil painting created in 1912 by the French artist and theorist Jean Metzinger ( 1883 -- 1956 ) . The painting was exhibited at the Salon d'Automne , 1912 , Paris ( hung in the decorative arts section inside the Salon Bourgeois of La Maison Cubiste , the Cubist House ) , and De Moderne Kunstkring , 1912 , Amsterdam ( L'éventail vert , no. 153 ) . It was also exhibited at the Musée Rath , Geneva , Exposition de cubistes français et d'un groupe d'artistes indépendants , 3 -- 15 June 1913 ( L'éventail vert , no. 22 ) . A 1912 photograph of Femme à l'Éventail hanging on a wall inside the Salon Bourgeois was published in The Sun ( New York , N.Y. ) , 10 November 1912 . The same photograph was reproduced in The Literary Digest , 30 November 1912 . Metzinger 's Cubist contribution to the 1912 Salon d'Automne created a controversy in the Municipal Council of Paris , leading to a debate in the Chambre des Députés about the use of public funds to provide the venue for such ` barbaric ' art . The Cubists were defended by the Socialist politician , Marcel Sembat . This painting was realized as Jean Metzinger and Albert Gleizes , in preparation for the Salon de la Section d'Or , published a major defence of Cubism , resulting in the first theoretical essay on the new movement , Du `` Cubisme '' . A photograph of Femme à l'Éventail appears among the Léonce Rosenberg archives in Paris , but there is no indication of when he acquired the painting . A Rosenberg label on the reverse bears the information `` No. 25112 J.Metzinger , 1913 . '' By 1918 Rosenberg was buying Metzinger 's paintings and may have acquired the picture around this time or soon afterwards . In 1937 Femme à l'Éventail was exhibited at Musée du Petit Palais , Les Maitres de l'art indépendant , 1895-1937 , no. 12 ( dated 1912 ) . Mlle. Gamier des Garets probably acquired the painting after the 1937 exhibition . By 1938 Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum had purchased the painting . It was gifted to the museum ( gift 38.531 ) by Guggenheim in 1938 ( the year after the formation of the foundation ) . Metzinger 's Femme à l'Éventail forms part of the Founding Collection of the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum , New York . Femme à l'Éventail was showcased in an exhibition entitled The Great Upheaval : Masterpieces from the Guggenheim Collection , 1910-1918 , from 30 November 2013 to 1 June 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "32667ca773f23b1700e88740f707979b", "text": "Sword of state A sword of state is a sword , used as part of the regalia , symbolizing the power of a monarch to use the might of the state against its enemies , and his duty to preserve thus right and peace . It is known to be used in following monarchies : Reichsschwert of the Holy Roman Empire , see Imperial Sword Kingdom of Denmark , see Danish crown regalia Joyeuse , used for the sacre of the king of France . Reputed to be the sword of Charlemagne . Kingdom of Hungary Kingdom of Bohemia ( Czech Republic ) -- Sword of Saint Wenceslas Kingdom of England , later Great Britain , yet later United Kingdom see Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom Kingdom of the Netherlands , see Dutch Royal Regalia ( made in 1840 for enthronements ) Kingdom of Scotland , see Honours of Scotland Kingdom of Sweden , see Swedish Royal Regalia , where it is the oldest of the Vasa regalia Kingdom of Poland -- Szczerbiec Kingdom of Mysore -- Chikka Devaraja Wodeyar , ending with the Krishnaraja Wodeyar II Kingdom of Thailand or Siam - the Sword of Victory , one of the five Regalia of Thailand . The former Kingdom of the Isle of Man ( now a British Crown dependency ) , bearing the triskelion symbol , annually used on Tynwald Day The Kingdom of Georgia Shangfang Baojian of Chinese dynasties from Han dynasty to Ming dynasty The Eodo of Taejo of Joseon Dynasty , Korea The Sword of Osman , given to Sultans of the Ottoman Empire ; Kusanagi , kept by the Emperor of Japan ; In the former sultanate of the Maldives , being invested on the Monarch in a traditional gong ceremony Also in the Malay world , notably in the sultanate of Perak , where it gave the name to a ` national ' order of knighthood Sarawak ( on Borneo ) By analogy , it can even be used in republics , as in the Senate of the state of South Carolina in the United States of America .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "82d8f4c1b4770a8ffff138e204971c7e", "text": "Pierre d'Arc Pierre d'Arc ( born 1408 ) was a French soldier whose place in history is due to his service in the army made famous by his younger sister Joan of Arc .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "94cd2a721c6eafa96dbd1030531f14d9", "text": "Plaza 25 de Mayo (Rosario) Plaza 25 de Mayo ( `` May 25 Square '' ; local Spanish -LSB- ˈplasa βeintiˈsiŋko ðeˈmaʃo -RSB- ) is a plaza ( urban square ) in Rosario , province of Santa Fe , Argentina . It is Rosario 's civic center , and the core of the original settlement . Its name alludes to the date ( 25 May 1810 ) of the May Revolution , which led to the establishment of the first local Argentine government in Buenos Aires . Before 1852 , when this name was adopted , it was simply called Plaza Principal ( `` Main Square '' ) . Plaza 25 de Mayo is located on the eastern edge of the present-day downtown area , not far from the Paraná River , and occupies the block defined by Santa Fe St. , Buenos Aires St. , Laprida St. and Córdoba St. . East of the plaza lie the seat of the executive branch of Rosario 's municipal government , called Palacio de los Leones , and the Basilica Cathedral of Our Lady of the Rosary , seat of the Archdiocese of Rosario . These buildings are separated by a pedestrian passage called Pasaje Juramento , leading to the National Flag Memorial . The Memorial 's propylaeum and stone tower can thus be clearly seen from the plaza . At the center of the plaza there is a monumental column dedicated to national freedom ( Columna à la Libertad ) , with a statue representing Liberty standing on top , and surrounded by the statues of national heroes José de San Martín and Manuel Belgrano , journalist and independence activist Mariano Moreno , and first Argentine president Bernardino Rivadavia . The monument , which dates from 1883 , was sculpted by Alejandro Biggi in Carrara marble . Prior to that , since 25 May 1855 , its place was occupied by Argentina 's first monument to the national constitution of 1853 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "476d47b80adcd200fc0adf84c36196b3", "text": "The Triumph of St. Joan The Triumph of St. Joan was originally an opera in three acts by Norman Dello Joio to an English language libretto on the subject of the martyrdom of Joan of Arc by Dello Joio and Joseph Machilis . It was premiered at Sarah Lawrence College on May 9 , 1950 . Although the opera was received positively , the composer was unhappy with the work and declined to have it performed again . However , he did adapt part of the opera into a symphony of the same title in 1951 . The symphony was later renamed Seraphic Ode . Dello Joio returned to the subject of Joan of Arc in 1955 when he was commissioned by the NBC Television Opera Theatre to produce an original 75-minute opera for television . The resulting work in two acts was retitled The Trial at Rouen , and , in using new music and a new libretto by Dello Joio , was in effect a completely different musical drama from its predecessor . It premiered on April 8 , 1956 on NBC . Dello Joio adapted the work a third time , extending the music at the beginning and end of the 1956 version ( including some music from the 1950 opera ) to create a one-act opera for the stage . This third version , once again called The Triumph of St. Joan , was premiered by the New York City Opera on April 16 , 1959 .", "title": "" } ]
fever
db4a0a957410e5c0286e3064020f299a
The Crown (TV series) earned a Screen Actors Guild Award for Foy.
[ { "docid": "55caaf24f1eddc3b5d28f4667291f287", "text": "The Crown (TV series) The Crown is a biographical drama television series , created and written by Peter Morgan and produced by Left Bank Pictures and Sony Pictures Television for Netflix . The show is a biographical story about the reign of Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom . The first season covers the period between the Queen 's marriage to Philip , Duke of Edinburgh in 1947 to the disintegration of her sister Princess Margaret 's engagement to Peter Townsend in 1955 . A second season has been commissioned , which is intended to cover the Suez Crisis in 1956 through the retirement of the Queen 's third Prime Minister , Harold Macmillan , in 1963 following the Profumo affair political scandal . The Crown evolved out of Morgan 's 2006 film The Queen and 2013 stage play The Audience . The series is intended to last 60 episodes over six seasons , with 10 one-hour episodes per season , covering the Queen 's entire life , and with new actors being cast every two seasons . Claire Foy portrays the Queen in the first two seasons , alongside Matt Smith as Prince Philip and Vanessa Kirby as Princess Margaret . Filming for the series takes place at Elstree Studios in Borehamwood , Hertfordshire , with location shooting at various locations throughout the United Kingdom . The entire first season was released on Netflix November 4 , 2016 . Its reception was overwhelmingly positive , with critics praising cast performances , direction , writing , cinematography , production values , and the relatively accurate historical accounts of Queen Elizabeth 's reign . Significant praise was directed towards the performances of Foy in the leading role and John Lithgow as Winston Churchill , and Foy received the Screen Actors Guild Award for Best Actress and Lithgow the Best Actor at the 23rd Screen Actors Guild Awards , among other accolades , including at the 74th Golden Globe Awards and the 7th Critics ' Choice Television Awards .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "732bd731c698a975d3c1beb6b2bb7e17", "text": "Crown Estate The Crown Estate is a collection of lands and holdings in the United Kingdom belonging to the British monarch as a corporation sole , making it the `` Sovereign 's public estate '' , which is neither government property nor part of the monarch 's private estate . As a result of this arrangement , the sovereign is not involved with the management or administration of the estate , exercising only very limited control of its affairs . Instead , the estate 's extensive portfolio is overseen by a semi-independent , incorporated public body headed by the Crown Estate Commissioners , who exercise `` the powers of ownership '' of the estate , although they are not `` owners in their own right '' . The revenues from these hereditary possessions have been placed by the monarch at the disposition of Her Majesty 's Government and thus proceed directly to Her Majesty 's Treasury for the benefit of the British nation . The Crown Estate is formally accountable to the Parliament of the United Kingdom , where it is legally mandated to make an annual report to the sovereign , a copy of which is forwarded to the House of Commons . The Crown Estate is one of the largest property managers in the United Kingdom , overseeing property worth # 12 billion , with urban properties valued at # 9.1 billion representing the majority of the estate by value . These include a large number of properties in central London , but the estate also controls 792000 ha of agricultural land and forest , more than half of the UK 's foreshore , and retains various other traditional holdings and rights , including Ascot Racecourse and Windsor Great Park . Naturally occurring gold and silver in the UK , collectively known as `` Mines Royal '' , are managed by The Crown Estate and leased to mining operators . Historically , Crown Estate properties were administered by the reigning monarch to help fund the business of governing the country . However , in 1760 , George III surrendered control over the Estate 's revenues to the treasury , thus relieving him of the responsibility of personally paying for the costs of the civil service , defence costs , the national debt , and his own personal debts . In return , he received an annual grant known as the Civil list . By tradition , each subsequent monarch agreed to this arrangement upon his or her accession . However , from 1 April 2012 , under the terms of the Sovereign Grant Act 2011 ( SSG ) , the Civil List was abolished and the monarch was thenceforth provided with a stable source of revenue indexed to a percentage of the Crown Estate 's annual net revenue ( currently set at 15 % ) . This was intended to provide a long-term solution and remove the politically sensitive issue of Parliament having to debate the Civil List allowance every ten years . Subsequently , the Sovereign Grant Act allows for all future monarchs to simply extend these provisions for their reigns by Order in Council . The act does not imply any legal change on the nature of the estate 's ownership , but is simply a benchmark by which the sovereign grant is set as a grant by Parliament .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "12cc40c78f7eb7a6a31d674779a00352", "text": "Gareth Jones (actor) Gareth Jones ( 6 June 1925 -- 30 November 1958 ) was a British actor , born in Lampeter , Wales , chiefly remembered for the circumstances of his death . During a live television broadcast of the Armchair Theatre play Underground on the ITV network in the UK on 30 November 1958 , Jones suffered a massive heart attack and died while off-camera between two of his scenes . Some contemporary news reports stated that he had suffered the heart attack while on camera , although most references claim that he was stricken while in a make-up chair , between scenes . However , actor Peter Bowles , also in the cast , recalled that `` During transmission , a little group of us was talking on camera while awaiting the arrival of Gareth Jones 's character , who had some information for us . We could see him coming up towards us , but we saw him fall . We had no idea what had happened , but he certainly was n't coming our way '' . Director Ted Kotcheff and the remaining cast were forced to improvise to carry the play to its conclusion , with producer Sydney Newman ordering Kotcheff to `` shoot it like a football match '' . Coincidentally , Jones 's character was to have suffered a heart attack during the play . Jones had appeared in three other Armchair Theatre plays in 1958 - `` Noon On Doomsday '' ( 6 July 1958 ) , `` Trial By Candlelight '' ( 22 June 1958 ) , and `` Miss Olive '' ( 6 April 1958 ) . Other TV appearances included the ITV Television Playhouse production of `` Thunder On Sycamore Street '' ( 11 October 1957 ) , the BBC Television adaptation of Under Milk Wood ( 9 May 1957 ) , the BBC series `` Onion Boys '' ( 1957 ) , and `` A Tale Of Two Cities '' ( 1957 ) . He earlier appeared in Dundee Repertory Theatre plays including `` Petticoat Influence '' ( 1952 ) , The Beaver Coat ( 1952 ) , `` The Hollow Crown '' ( 1952 ) , `` The Queen 's Husband '' ( 1952 ) , `` Young Madame Conti '' ( 1952 ) , and The Lark ( 1955 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4741e48d64bf147aec586b59d9e05cf8", "text": "Peter Whitford Peter Whitford ( born 1939 ) is an Australian radio , theatre , film and television character actor . Known for numerous roles particularly as wealthy businessmen and members of the aristocracy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "90fd19e194f6ba3af3c6057573fc1212", "text": "Fraser Ayres Fraser Stuart Ayres ( born 1980 ) is an English actor , best known for his role as Clint in the BBC comedy series The Smoking Room . Ayres first joined the youth core at the Haymarket Theatre in Leicester and has done other television including Bella and The Boys , Unconditional Love , London 's Burning , The Vice and Trail Of Guilt . His stage work brought him Best Actor awards for his performance in The People Next Door and he has also starred in Ramayana , Telling Tales , Four and Bluebird , Workers Writes , Vurt , Sandman , and Mercury Fur . His film work includes Revenger 's Tragedy , Intimacy , It Was An Accident , Speak Like A Child , Dinner For Two , Rage , and Kevin & Perry Go Large . Most recently he played `` Ray '' in the BBC Three drama pilot West 10 LDN ( also known as W10 LDN ) . In 2007 , Ayres appeared in Little Miss Jocelyn and in 2011 , he starred in the one off BBC Christmas show , Lapland . In 2015 Ayres appeared as Theo Bainbridge in the ITV series Midsomer Murders episode 17.2 `` Murder by Magic '' . In 2016 , Ayres joined the cast of the Talawa Theatre Company and Royal Exchange Manchester co-production of King Lear . The Daily Telegraph praised `` Fraser Ayres 's chillingly sociopathic Edmund , the amoral face of an emerging , modern calculating politics '' , while The Guardian said `` Ayres is one of the most dangerously unstable Edmunds of recent times '' , the Manchester Evening News noted that `` Fraser Ayres near re-writes the scale of Edmund 's anger towards his illegitimate father the Earl of Gloucester ( Philip Whitchurch ) '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "363707d675f0a005885c6618422cdada", "text": "Cate Blanchett on screen and stage Cate Blanchett is an Australian actress who has extensively appeared in film and stage . She made her stage debut in 1992 by playing Electra in the National Institute of Dramatic Art production of the same name . She followed it with performances in Timothy Daly 's Kafka Dances ( 1993 ) and the Sydney Theatre Company stage production of Oleanna ( 1993 ) opposite Geoffrey Rush . Blanchett won the Sydney Theatre Critics Award for Best Newcomer for the former and Best Actress for the latter , making her the first person to win both awards at once . She went on to perform several roles on stage , notably Susan Traherne in Plenty ( 1999 ) , Hedda Gabler in Hedda Gabler ( 2004 ) , Blanche DuBois in A Streetcar Named Desire ( 2009 ) , Yelena in Uncle Vanya ( 2011 ) and Claire in The Maids ( 2013 ) . In 1997 , Blanchett made her feature film debut in a supporting role in the World War II drama Paradise Road . The same year , she had her first leading role in Oscar and Lucinda , which earned her an AACTA Award nomination for Best Actress . Blanchett received worldwide attention for playing Queen Elizabeth I of England in the acclaimed drama Elizabeth ( 1998 ) . Her performance garnered her a Golden Globe and a BAFTA Award for Best Actress and her first Academy Award nomination for Best Actress . Elizabeth and her next film , the thriller The Talented Mr. Ripley ( 1999 ) , performed well at the box office . However , her other 1999 releasesthe widely praised An Ideal Husband and the largely panned Pushing Tinwere unsuccessful . Blanchett found greater success for portraying Galadriel in Peter Jackson 's epic fantasy trilogy The Lord of the Rings ( 2001-03 ) . During this period , she also appeared in several films which had mixed reception and performed poorly at the box office . She won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress , among other honors for portraying Katharine Hepburn in Martin Scorsese 's 2004 drama The Aviator , making her the only actor to win an Oscar for portraying another Oscar-winning actor . Her only screen appearance in 2005 was in Little Fish , for which she won the AACTA Award for Best Actress . Blanchett 's performance in the 2006 thriller Notes on a Scandal garnered her another Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress . In 2007 , she received both Best Actress and Best Supporting Actress Oscar nominations for her roles in Elizabeth : The Golden Age and I 'm Not There , becoming one of the few actors to achieve this feat . In 2008 , Blanchett appeared in Steven Spielberg 's action adventure Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull and David Fincher 's fantasy drama The Curious Case of Benjamin Button . She briefly reprised her role of Galadriel in the The Hobbit trilogy ( 2012-14 ) . For her performance as the titular socialite in Woody Allen 's 2013 drama Blue Jasmine , Blanchett won the Golden Globe , the BAFTA Award , the SAG Award and the Academy Award for Best Actress . In 2014 , she voiced Valka in the $ 620 million-grossing animated fantasy How to Train Your Dragon 2 . In 2015 , she received praise for playing Lady Tremaine in Disney 's live action film Cinderella , Mary Mapes in Truth and the titular character in Todd Haynes 's romantic drama Carol . Cinderella was a notable box office success while Carol garnered her seventh Oscar nomination . Blanchett made her Broadway debut in 2017 with The Present , receiving her first Tony Award nomination for the Best Actress in a Play .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0d29c971df00dfcec738c554bc298ac8", "text": "Tom Courtenay Sir Thomas Daniel `` Tom '' Courtenay ( -LSB- ˈkɔrtni -RSB- born 25 February 1937 ) is an English actor who came to prominence in the early 1960s with a succession of films , including The Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner ( 1962 ) , Billy Liar ( 1963 ) , and Doctor Zhivago ( 1965 ) . Since the mid-1960s , he has been known primarily for his work in the theatre , although he received an Academy Award nomination for Best Actor for the film adaptation of The Dresser ( 1983 ) , which he had performed on the West End and on Broadway . He received a knighthood in February 2001 for his service to cinema and theatre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9fefbf0f303e64c09ff58bec68d4998d", "text": "Sean Teale Sean James Teale ( born 18 June 1992 ) is an English actor , best known for his role of Prince Condé in the CW series Reign . He also featured as Nick Levan in the E4 teen drama Skins . He plays the lead role of Ben Larson in the Syfy series Incorporated .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1d7c20c2c8f085a4b20b852f280c38c0", "text": "Crown for Christmas Crown for Christmas is a 2015 American-Canadian made-for-television romantic comedy film starring Danica McKellar , Rupert Penry-Jones . The film premiered on Hallmark Channel on November 27 , 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a1f42a821ad937e0b770b4187c4ac3f7", "text": "Douglas I. Foy Douglas I. Foy ( born c. 1947 ) is a founder and CEO of Serrafix , a strategic consulting firm focused on environmental , energy , transportation , and climate change issues . Among other matters , Serrafix is helping dozens of cities across America -- ranging in size from New York to Pittsfield ( MA ) -- develop and implement large-scale energy efficiency and building retrofit programs . Serrafix also works with the Secretaries of Transportation in 18 states to reform their practices relating to fiscal and environmental sustainability . Prior to launching Serrafix in 2006 , Foy served as the first Secretary of Commonwealth Development in the administration of Massachusetts Governor Mitt Romney . In leading this `` super-Secretariat '' , Foy oversaw the agencies of Transportation , Housing , Environment , and Energy , with combined annual capital budgets of $ 5 billion , operating budgets of $ 500 million , and a total workforce of more than 11,000 . These four agencies are responsible for all infrastructure ( other than schools ) in the Commonwealth , including roads , bridges , transit , parks , sewers , water supply , energy , and housing . During his government service , Foy 's agencies developed Massachusetts ' first comprehensive transportation plan ( with an emphasis on transit and fix-it-first ) ; the nation 's most comprehensive climate action plan ; and numerous programs , policies , and investments to promote sustainable development and smart growth throughout Massachusetts . Before his service in the Romney administration , Foy served for 25 years as the President and CEO of the Conservation Law Foundation , New England 's premier environmental advocacy organization . Among its hundreds of prominent cases , CLF lawsuits forced the cleanup of Boston Harbor , prevented offshore oil drilling on the prime fishing grounds of Georges Bank , banned off-road vehicles from the beaches and dunes of the Cape Cod National Seashore , prevented the construction of the Seabrook 2 nuclear power plant , and dramatically reduced childhood lead poisoning throughout the region . CLF had offices in all six New England states . Foy currently serves on the corporate boards of Ameresco ( NYSE ) , Acumentrics ( fuel cells ) , GreenerU ( college and university climate programs ) , and RainBank ( rainwater harvesting ) ; the non-profit boards of the Ocean Genome Legacy Foundation , Pioneer Institute , and Conservation Law Foundation ; and the National Transportation Policy Project of the Bipartisan Policy Center . Foy also serves as a Legal Advisor to the nonprofit Fuel Freedom Foundation . In 1992 President George H.W. Bush recognized Foy 's work on energy efficiency with the President 's Environmental and Conservation Challenge Award , the country 's highest conservation award . In 2006 , Foy was named the recipient of the national Woodrow Wilson Award for Public Service from the Woodrow Wilson Center , the nation 's memorial to President Wilson . Foy also received from Princeton University , his alma mater , its highest honor bestowed on a graduate , the Woodrow Wilson award , for his public interest achievements . In 2009 , the Queen of England bestowed on Foy the Order of the British Empire ( OBE ) . Mr. Foy , a member of the 1968 USA Olympic Rowing Team and the 1969 USA National Rowing Team , graduated from Princeton University as a University Scholar in engineering and physics , attended Cambridge University in England as a Churchill Scholar in geophysics , and graduated from Harvard Law School .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6620828ce45de69990112f3dcfe31176", "text": "Critics' Circle Award for Distinguished Service to the Arts Each year since 1988 The Critics ' Circle has presented an award for Distinguished Service to the Arts , voted for by all members of the Circle , embracing Dance , Drama , Film , Music , Visual Arts and Architecture . This performing arts Award takes the form of an engraved crystal rose bowl , presented at a celebratory luncheon . The recipients were : 1988 Sir Peter Hall 1989 Dame Ninette de Valois 1990 Sir Michael Tippett 1991 Sir David Lean 1992 Sir John Mills 1993 Sir Peter Ustinov 1994 Sir John Drummond 1995 Sir Peter Wright 1996 Sir Richard Eyre 1997 Dame Judi Dench 1998 Sir Edward Downes 1999 Harold Pinter 2000 Dame Alicia Markova 2001 Paul Scofield 2002 Sir Alfred Brendel 2003 Sir Ian McKellen 2004 Mike Leigh 2005 Alan Bennett 2006 Dame Helen Mirren 2007 Sir Tom Stoppard 2008 Peter Brook 2009 Sir Alan Ayckbourn 2010 Ken Loach 2011 Stephen Sondheim 2013 Grayson Perry 2014 Sir Nicholas Hytner 2015 Dame Maggie Smith Category : Performing arts awards", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c0decbe0f7c74dc7fc04d76e3d256887", "text": "John Bowe (actor) John Bowe ( born 1 February 1950 ) is an actor best known for his television roles . He is married and has six children . Bowe was born in Greasby , on the Wirral in Merseyside , England . His highest profile role was probably that of George Marlow in the first Prime Suspect serial in 1991 . He also played Duggie Ferguson in Coronation Street from 1999 to 2002 , having previously appeared in another of Granada TV 's soap operas ; Families . Other TV credits include : Warship , Secret Army , Boon , The New Statesman , Capital City , Class Act , Lovejoy , Silent Witness , The Royal , Dalziel and Pascoe , Cleopatra and Einstein and Eddington , Tipping the Velvet , The Hour and DCI Banks . Film credits include The Living Daylights ( 1987 ) , Resurrected ( 1989 ) , County Kilburn ( 2000 ) and Gozo ( 2015 ) . In 2007 , Bowe played Dr Morgan in the BBC series Cranford . In April 2010 , Bowe joined the cast of London 's West End production Priscilla Queen of the Desert -- The Musical , playing the part of Bob . In September 2011 , he appeared as Judge Turpin in Sweeney Todd at Chichester , a role he continued in the West End transfer . In September 2014 , Bowe joined the cast of Emmerdale , playing Lawrence White , the former lover of Harold Birch , the husband of Edna Birch ( Shirley Stelfox ) . He arrived with his daughter Chrissie ( Louise Marwood ) , his grandson Lachlan ( Thomas Atkinson ) and Chrissie 's fiancé , Robert Sugden ( Ryan Hawley ) , who he openly despises . Bowe will leave Emmerdale in 2017 after it was revealed he had been axed from the show .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f2eafae8225aa81220d598cc6b9e031a", "text": "Francis Chouler Francis Chouler is a South African actor from Cape Town . He trained in acting at University of Cape Town , graduating cum laude with a BA in Theatre and Performance in 2010 . His first leading role was in the Bollywood film , Crook . In 2016 , he played Jack Cleary in the film Eye in the Sky ( 2015 film ) as well as appearing in the Netflix series The Crown . Francis is an executive member of South African Guild of Actors", "title": "" }, { "docid": "03f2b308d0d171a0efe5bc90b5446344", "text": "Robert Duvall Robert Selden Duvall ( -LSB- duːˈvɔːl -RSB- born January 5 , 1931 ) is an American actor and filmmaker . He has been nominated for seven Academy Awards ( winning for his performance in Tender Mercies ) , seven Golden Globes ( winning four ) , and has multiple nominations and one win each of the BAFTA , Screen Actors Guild Award , and Emmy Award . He received the National Medal of Arts in 2005 . Duvall has starred in numerous films and television series , including To Kill a Mockingbird ( 1962 ) , The Twilight Zone ( 1963 ) , The Outer Limits ( 1964 ) , Bullitt ( 1968 ) , True Grit ( 1969 ) , MASH ( 1970 ) , THX 1138 ( 1971 ) , Joe Kidd ( 1972 ) , The Godfather ( 1972 ) , The Godfather Part II ( 1974 ) , The Conversation ( 1974 ) , Network ( 1976 ) , Apocalypse Now ( 1979 ) , The Great Santini ( 1979 ) , Lonesome Dove ( 1989 ) , The Handmaid 's Tale ( 1990 ) , Rambling Rose ( 1991 ) , and Falling Down ( 1993 ) . Duvall began appearing in theatre during the late 1950s , moving into television and film roles during the early 1960s , playing Boo Radley in To Kill a Mockingbird ( 1962 ) and appearing in Captain Newman , M.D. ( 1963 ) . He landed many of his most famous roles during the early 1970s , such as Major Frank Burns in the blockbuster comedy MASH ( 1970 ) and the lead role in THX 1138 ( 1971 ) , as well as Horton Foote 's adaptation of William Faulkner 's Tomorrow ( 1972 ) , which was developed at The Actors Studio and is Duvall 's personal favorite . This was followed by a series of critically lauded performances in commercially successful films . Since then , Duvall has continued to act in both film and television with such productions as Tender Mercies ( 1983 ) , The Natural ( 1984 ) , Colors ( 1988 ) , the television mini-series Lonesome Dove ( 1989 ) , Stalin ( 1992 ) , The Man Who Captured Eichmann ( 1996 ) , A Family Thing ( 1996 ) , The Apostle ( 1997 ) , A Civil Action ( 1998 ) , Deep Impact ( 1998 ) , Gods and Generals ( 2003 ) , Secondhand Lions ( 2003 ) , Broken Trail ( 2006 ) , Get Low ( 2010 ) , Jack Reacher ( 2012 ) , and The Judge ( 2014 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8c240925fb5282b073aeb4734d174905", "text": "Claire Foy Claire Foy ( born 16 April 1984 ) is an English actress . She studied drama and screen studies at Liverpool John Moores University and trained at the Oxford School of Drama , where she appeared in four plays , including Watership Down . She made her screen debut in the pilot episode of Being Human ( 2008 ) and in an episode of the BBC soap opera Doctors ( 2008 ) . Following her professional stage debut at the Royal National Theatre , she played the title role in the BBC One production of Little Dorrit , ( 2008 ) , and made her film debut as Anna in Season of the Witch ( 2011 ) . She had main roles as Erin Matthews in the Channel 4 series The Promise ( 2011 ) and several other television films and miniseries , including as Kate Balfour in the NBC series Crossbones ( 2014 ) . She received unanimous praise for her performance as Anne Boleyn in BBC2 's Wolf Hall ( 2015 ) , for which she was nominated for the British Academy Television Award for Best Actress and the Critics ' Choice Television Award for Best Supporting Actress in a Movie/Miniseries . Since 2016 , she has portrayed the young Queen Elizabeth II on the Netflix series The Crown , a role for which she has received critical acclaim and won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress - Television Series Drama and the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Drama Series , and was nominated for the BAFTA TV Award for Best Actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be3148e952d5fbcbe3b525f02375a171", "text": "Producers Guild Film Awards The Producers Guild Film Awards ( previously known as the Apsara Film & Television Producers Guild Award ) is an accolade given by the Apsara Producers Guild to recognize excellence in Indian film and television . Originated by filmmaker and scholar Amit Khanna , the Star Guild Awards have been one of the major award events since 2004 . The 22-karat gold statuette was sculpted and designed by the jewellery brand Tanishq and was `` inspired by the rich heritage of one of India 's most treasured possessions - the Ajanta and Ellora Caves . '' Nominations for the awards come from selected members of the guild , with the full membership ( around 160 ) available to vote for the winners . The ballots cast by the guild members are then taken to a common venue for the final counting .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4debceab3c80314b473057b47fa295f7", "text": "Christopher Plummer Arthur Christopher Orme Plummer ( born December 13 , 1929 ) is a Canadian theatre , film and television actor . After making his film debut in Stage Struck ( 1958 ) , Plummer went on to a successful film career , now spanning more than five decades . Some of his most notable film performances include : The Sound of Music ( 1965 ) , Battle of Britain ( 1969 ) , Waterloo ( 1970 ) , The Return of the Pink Panther ( 1975 ) , Murder by Decree ( 1979 ) , Dragnet ( 1987 ) , Star Trek VI : The Undiscovered Country ( 1991 ) , A Beautiful Mind ( 2001 ) , Nicholas Nickleby ( 2002 ) , National Treasure ( 2004 ) , The New World ( 2005 ) , Inside Man ( 2006 ) , Up ( 2009 ) , The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus ( 2009 ) , and The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo ( 2011 ) . In a career which includes substantial roles in each of the dramatic arts , Plummer is best known to film audiences as the aristocratic widower , Captain Georg von Trapp , in the musical film The Sound of Music ( 1965 ) , alongside Julie Andrews . Plummer has ventured into various television projects , including the miniseries The Thorn Birds ( 1983 ) . Plummer has notably portrayed several historical figures , including Arthur Wellesley , First Duke of Wellington in Waterloo ( 1970 ) , Rudyard Kipling in The Man Who Would Be King ( 1975 ) , Mike Wallace in The Insider ( 1999 ) , and Leo Tolstoy in The Last Station ( 2009 ) . Plummer has won numerous awards and accolades for his work , including an Academy Award , two Emmy Awards , two Tony Awards , a Golden Globe Award , a SAG Award , and a BAFTA Award . With his win at age 82 in 2012 for Beginners , Plummer is the oldest actor ever to win an Academy Award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "428b10dd0438c60c4a4b728cb82d3674", "text": "Teen drama A teen drama is a genre or type of drama series with a major focus on teenage and young adult characters . It came into prominence in the early 1990s , especially with the popularity of the Fox series Beverly Hills , 90210 . After 90210 became a success , television writers and producers realized the potential for this new genre to reach out to a previously ignored demographic . In the past , most series that maintained a focus on teenagers had been sitcoms , while adolescents in drama series were usually part of a larger ensemble that included adults and children . More often than not , teen dramas have soap opera elements , incorporating one or more ongoing story arcs spanning several episodes . The young characters must deal with the dramatic ups and downs of their friendships and romances while facing an array of issues thought to be typical of adolescence . There have also been many successful teen-based series with major science fiction , fantasy and action/adventure themes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "628f7327df7a2f7524793ca5c221d751", "text": "Judi Dench Dame Judith Olivia Dench ( born 9 December 1934 ) , known as Judi Dench , is an English actress and author . Dench made her professional debut in 1957 with the Old Vic Company . Over the following few years , she performed in several of Shakespeare 's plays in such roles as Ophelia in Hamlet , Juliet in Romeo and Juliet , and Lady Macbeth in Macbeth . Although most of her work during this period was in theatre , she also branched into film work and won a BAFTA Award as Most Promising Newcomer . She drew strong reviews for her leading role in the musical Cabaret in 1968 . Over the next two decades , Dench established herself as one of the most significant British theatre performers , working for the National Theatre Company and the Royal Shakespeare Company . She achieved success in television during this period , in the series A Fine Romance from 1981 until 1984 , and in 1992 with a starring role in the romantic comedy series As Time Goes By . Her film appearances were infrequent and included supporting roles in major films such as A Room with a View ( 1986 ) supporting Maggie Smith , before she rose to international fame as M in GoldenEye ( 1995 ) , a role she continued to play in James Bond films until Skyfall ( 2012 ) . A seven-time Oscar nominee , Dench won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role as Queen Elizabeth I in Shakespeare in Love and has received nominations for her roles in Mrs Brown ( 1997 ) , Chocolat ( 2000 ) , Iris ( 2001 ) , Mrs Henderson Presents ( 2005 ) , Notes on a Scandal ( 2006 ) , and Philomena ( 2013 ) . She has also received many award nominations for her acting in theatre , film and television ; her competitive awards include six British Academy Film Awards , four BAFTA TV Awards , seven Olivier Awards , two Screen Actors Guild Awards , two Golden Globes , and a Tony Award . She has also received the BAFTA Fellowship ( 2001 ) and the Special Olivier Award ( 2004 ) . In June 2011 , she received a fellowship from the British Film Institute ( BFI ) . Dench is also a Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts ( FRSA ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b60c17dcd37553dda4ac0ab104ac1ea9", "text": "Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role The Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role is an annual award presented by The Society of London Theatre in recognition of achievements in commercial British theatre . The awards were established as the Society of West End Theatre Awards in 1976 , and , renamed in 1984 in honour of English actor Lord Olivier . The award was first given in 1977 but in the years following was often given as a singular award for Best Performance in a Supporting Role .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18a75c5ad0c17a861ba966e0fbe71d59", "text": "BAFTA Award for Best Film The BAFTA Award for Best Film is given annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts and presented at the British Academy Film Awards . It has been given since the 1st BAFTA Awards , representing the best films of 1947 , but until 1969 it was called the BAFTA Award for Best Film From Any Source . It is possible for films from any country to be nominated , although British films are also recognised in the category BAFTA Award for Best British Film and ( since 1983 ) foreign-language films in BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language . As such , there have been multiple occasions of a film being nominated in two of these categories . There has been one tie for the Best Film award when , in 1962 , Ballad of a Soldier tied with The Hustler for Best Film from any Source . Until 1981 , the award was given to the director , except in 1976 and 1977 , when it was given to the producers . From 1981 to 1985 , it was given solely to the producers , and then in 1986 , it was shared between the Director and Producer . In 1998 , it was once again given to only the producers . In the following lists , the titles and names in bold with a dark grey background are the winners and recipients respectively ; those not in bold are the nominees . The years given are those in which the films under consideration were released , not the year of the ceremony , which always takes place the following year .", "title": "" } ]
fever
bd53aa5a04b076cdd1b8fa7139054ba1
Rob Lowe was in the cast of a political drama.
[ { "docid": "433f327b49e84631acc7861344dd8e17", "text": "The West Wing The West Wing is an American serial political drama television series created by Aaron Sorkin that was originally broadcast on NBC from September 22 , 1999 , to May 14 , 2006 . The series is set primarily in the West Wing of the White House , where the Oval Office and offices of presidential senior staff are located , during the fictitious Democratic administration of Josiah Bartlet ( played by Martin Sheen ) . The West Wing was produced by Warner Bros. . Television . For the first four seasons , there were three executive producers : Aaron Sorkin ( lead writer of almost all of the first four seasons ) ; Thomas Schlamme ( primary director ) ; and John Wells . After Sorkin left the series , Wells assumed the role of head writer , with later executive producers being directors Alex Graves and Christopher Misiano ( seasons 6 -- 7 ) , and writers Lawrence O'Donnell Jr. and Peter Noah ( season 7 ) . The West Wing received acclaim from critics , as well as praise from political science professors and former White House staffers . In total , The West Wing won three Golden Globe Awards and 26 Emmy Awards , including the award for Outstanding Drama Series , which it won four consecutive times from 2000 through 2003 . The show 's ratings waned in later years following the departure of series creator Sorkin after the fourth season ( Sorkin wrote or co-wrote 85 of the first 88 episodes ) , yet it remained popular among high-income viewers , a key demographic for the show and its advertisers , with around 16 million viewers . In the years since its run , it has appeared on several lists of the greatest television dramas ever made . The Writers Guild of America also ranked it # 10 in its `` 101 Best-Written TV Series '' list .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8c19a1b45659a9ceafa262a709b49453", "text": "Rob Lowe Robert Hepler Lowe ( -LSB- ˈloʊ -RSB- born March 17 , 1964 ) is an American actor . He came to prominence in the 1980s , playing teen and young adult roles in films such as The Outsiders ( 1983 ) , Oxford Blues ( 1984 ) , St. Elmo 's Fire ( 1985 ) , and About Last Night ... ( 1986 ) . However , he continued acting in less prominent film roles , and went on to high-profile roles in television series such as The West Wing ( 1999 -- 2003 ) , Brothers & Sisters ( 2006 -- 2010 ) , and Parks and Recreation ( 2010 -- 2014 ) . In addition to receiving an Emmy Award nomination in 2001 for his work on The West Wing , Lowe has been nominated for six Golden Globe Awards ; his nominations span four of the seven categories for male actors .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "49359cd95d89b659f38d5a9bc3a5813c", "text": "The Comedian (2016 film) The Comedian is a 2016 American comedy-drama film directed by Taylor Hackford and written by Lewis Friedman , Richard LaGravenese , Art Linson , and Jeff Ross . The film stars Robert De Niro , Leslie Mann , Danny DeVito , Edie Falco , Veronica Ferres , Charles Grodin , Cloris Leachman , Patti LuPone and Harvey Keitel . The film had its world premiere at the AFI Fest on November 11 , 2016 and was released on December 9 , 2016 , by Sony Pictures Classics . The film opened to negative reviews from critics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b9906a129d4c931dc7260eff32cdf996", "text": "Sears Radio Theater Sears Radio Theater was a radio drama anthology series which ran weeknights on CBS Radio in 1979 , sponsored by the Sears chain . Often paired with The CBS Radio Mystery Theater during its first season , the program offered a different genre of drama for each day 's broadcast . In January 1980 , the program moved to the Mutual Broadcasting System and became the Mutual Radio Theater . The Mutual series broadcast repeats from the CBS run until September 1980 , when a short season of new dramas was presented . Sears continued as a sponsor during the Mutual run . Monday was `` Western Night '' and was hosted by Lorne Greene . Tuesday was `` Comedy Night '' , hosted by Andy Griffith . Wednesday was `` Mystery Night '' with Vincent Price as host . Thursday was `` Love and Hate Night '' with Cicely Tyson doing honors as host . Finally , Friday brought `` Adventure Night '' , first hosted by Richard Widmark and later by Howard Duff and then by Leonard Nimoy . Actors heard on the series included Jim Jordan , Henry Morgan , Daws Butler , June Foray , Parley Baer , Mary Jane Croft , Howard Culver , John Dehner , Virginia Gregg , Janet Waldo , Vic Perrin , Hans Conried , Marvin Miller , Elliott Lewis , Jeff Corey , Lesley Woods , Robert Rockwell , Lurene Tuttle , Eve Arden , Keith Andes , Harriet Nelson , Alan Young , Tom Bosley , Marion Ross , Lloyd Bochner , Rick Jason , Frank Campanella , Toni Tennille , Arthur Hill , Dan O'Herlihy , Jesse White and Frank Nelson . Actress Peggy Webber was heard on 52 episodes . It was produced and directed by Fletcher Markle and Elliott Lewis . The theme was composed and conducted by Nelson Riddle . Though less long-lived than NPR 's Earplay or the CBS Radio Mystery Theater , it was an ambitious attempt to reinvigorate a neglected field . Like Earplay , it was broadcast in stereo .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "67d6a60734b1f5dcd97f84906607fa87", "text": "Commander in Chief (TV series) Commander in Chief is an American drama television series that focused on the fictional administration and family of Mackenzie Allen ( portrayed by Geena Davis ) , the first female President of the United States , who ascends to the post from the Vice Presidency after the death of the sitting President from a sudden cerebral aneurysm . The series began broadcasting on ABC on Tuesday , September 27 , 2005 , at 9 p.m. Eastern Time , although most countries outside North America began screening the series in mid-2006 . The show was # 1 on Tuesday nights until FOX 's American Idol started in January . The show was also the # 1 new show of the season until CBS ' Criminal Minds surpassed it . Its major competitor in the 9:00 p.m. timeslot was FOX 's House , which aired after American Idol . The series was created by American director Rod Lurie , director of the films The Contender and Deterrence , and may have been inspired by The West Wing , a popular political drama on rival NBC . The network replaced Lurie with Steven Bochco as show runner , but after he failed to increase ratings he was also replaced with Dee Johnson while further declining ratings brought about a hiatus , a timeslot change and ultimately cancellation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d5c21976e1695580435fe2888059f512", "text": "Political Film Society Award for Democracy The Political Film Society Award for democracy is given out each year to a film that promotes , educates , and raises the awareness level of the public in the specific areas of democracy and freedom . This award has been handed out by the Society since 1988 . Depending on the number of movies that qualify , sometimes only one film is nominated for this award , but as many as seven have been nominated in years past . The film that first won this award was The Milagro Beanfield War in 1988 that was directed by Robert Redford . The only other award nominated in 1988 against The Milagro Beanfield War was Stand and Deliver . The award , as with any other Political Film Society Award , can go to a mainstream film , independent film , or even an international film . The Political Film Society looks at a broad selection of movies before it nominates them for an award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "68fb86fb125294b15cb2af8a748a6f8a", "text": "L.A. Law L.A. Law is an American television legal drama series that ran for eight seasons on NBC , from September 15 , 1986 , to May 19 , 1994 . Created by Steven Bochco and Terry Louise Fisher , it contained many of Bochco 's trademark features including an ensemble cast , large number of parallel storylines , social drama , and off-the-wall humor . It reflected the social and cultural ideologies of the 1980s and early 1990s , and many of the cases featured on the show dealt with hot-topic issues such as capital punishment , abortion , racism , gay rights , homophobia , sexual harassment , AIDS , and domestic violence . The series often also reflected social tensions between the wealthy senior lawyer protagonists and their less well-paid junior staff . In addition to its main cast , L.A. Law was also well known for featuring then relatively unknown actors and actresses in guest starring roles , who later went on to greater success in film and television including : Don Cheadle , Jeffrey Tambor , Kathy Bates , David Schwimmer , Jay O. Sanders , James Avery , Gates McFadden , Bryan Cranston , C.C.H. Pounder , Kevin Spacey , Richard Schiff , Carrie-Anne Moss , William H. Macy , Stephen Root , Christian Slater , and Lucy Liu . Several episodes of the show also included celebrities such as Vanna White , Buddy Hackett and Mamie Van Doren appearing as themselves in cameo roles . The show was popular with audiences and critics , and won 15 Emmy Awards throughout its run , four of which were for Outstanding Drama Series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ea940844d502de24f5accfaba355cae", "text": "Party Tricks Party Tricks was an Australian television political drama/comedy series starring Asher Keddie and Rodger Corser . It premiered on Network Ten on 6 October 2014 at 8:30 pm . On 3 October 2014 along with Offspring , John Edwards confirmed that Party Tricks would not return for a second series in 2015 , due to Ten 's production division running out of money .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8679b6f8528c829c30ab4b6625e72fcf", "text": "Scandal Sheet (1985 film) Scandal Sheet is a 1985 American made-for-television film directed by David Lowell Rich and starring Burt Lancaster . The film first aired on ABC on January 21 , 1985 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d20ce5d8d3fa2e15a913ea216a0ad6ff", "text": "The Wilderness Years (Nick Lowe album) The Wilderness Years is a CD by British singer-songwriter Nick Lowe . It was released in 1991 in the United Kingdom . It was not released in the United States . The album contains material recorded following the demise of the band Brinsley Schwarz , which featured Lowe as the singer and bass player , and before the release of Lowe 's first solo album , Jesus of Cool ( titled Pure Pop for Now People in the U.S. ) in early 1978 . Three tracks were previously released on other albums , while others were issued on singles or EP 's . `` I Love My Label '' was included on the 1977 Stiff Records sampler album A Bunch of Stiff Records . `` Rollers Show '' and the studio version of `` Heart of the City '' were both included on Pure Pop for Now People ( but were not contained on Jesus of Cool ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b2b5963d11c7cf923930d791326ba7e0", "text": "You Instead You Instead ( alternate U.S. title Tonight You 're Mine ) is a 2011 British `` Rock 'n' roll romantic comedy '' written by Thomas Leveritt and directed by David Mackenzie . The film stars Luke Treadaway , Natalia Tena , Gavin Mitchell and Alastair Mackenzie . Set at T in the Park music festival and shot by Sigma Films , two feuding rock stars are handcuffed together at a festival where they are due to perform .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a66c9acdab6f59caec303ee717aaca5", "text": "The REAL Rudy The REAL Rudy is a series of four viral videos by documentary film director and activist Robert Greenwald . The videos criticize former New York City mayor Rudy Giuliani 's preparedness for , and handling of , the September 11 , 2001 attacks . They were released on September 4 and September 6 , 2007 . John Nichols , the Washington , D.C. correspondent for The Nation , described the videos as `` a powerful series of video exposes that have gone after Giuliani 's bitter disputes with 9-11 rescue workers -- especially firefighters -- over his exploitation of the 2001 terrorist attack on the World Trade Center for political purposes and a host of other scandals involving the GOP frontrunner . '' . The Democratic National Committee posted a summary of the series on its website .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0e01a48d25c2f96d3ca92dfcb8b062a2", "text": "Catastrophe (2015 TV series) Catastrophe is a British sitcom first broadcast on 19 January 2015 on Channel 4 . It stars Sharon Horgan as Sharon Morris and Rob Delaney as Rob Norris , who get together after she becomes pregnant following a brief affair while he is in the UK on business . Carrie Fisher , Ashley Jensen , and Mark Bonnar play supporting characters in the series . The show was renewed for a second series in January 2015 and began broadcasting from 27 October 2015 , having been brought forward from its original schedule of early 2016 . In July 2016 , Catastrophe was renewed for a third and fourth series . The third series , which began broadcasting in the UK on 28 February 2017 , comprises 6 episodes -- which all became available in the Untied States on April 28 , 2017 , hosted by Amazon . The fourth series of the show is scheduled for 2018 . For her performance in the show , Sharon Horgan was nominated for a 2016 British Academy Television Awards for Best Female Comedy Performance in 2016 . Both Horgan and Delaney won the BAFTA TV Award for Best Writer : Comedy . The show was nominated for a Peabody Award . In July 2016 , the show received a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Writing For a Comedy Series , going to Horgan and Delaney .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "74e47255cdc858f93b6c54c9bfcbe9cb", "text": "LBJ (film) LBJ is a 2017 American political drama film directed by Rob Reiner and written by Joey Hartstone . The film stars Woody Harrelson , Richard Jenkins , Bill Pullman , Kim Allen , Michael Stahl-David , Jennifer Jason Leigh , Jeffrey Donovan , Doug McKeon , and Michael Mosley . Filming began on September 21 , 2015 in New Orleans . It was screened at the 2016 Toronto International Film Festival . On October 12 , 2016 at the 27th edition of the New Orleans Film Festival , Rob Reiner accepted the inaugural Career Achievement Award from LBJ lead actor Woody Harrelson . LBJ made a second film festival showing in less than a month . On May 2 , 2017 , it was announced that Dean Devlin 's Electric Entertainment had acquired all of the film 's North American rights and that the film would be released in 2017 . It was then announced on May 4 that the film would be released in the United States on November 17 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b94a8632159043e4f7deef2a49e46b82", "text": "Empire (2015 TV series) Empire is an American musical drama television series created by Lee Daniels and Danny Strong which debuted on January 7 , 2015 on Fox . Although it is filmed in Chicago , the show is set in New York . It centers on a fictional hip hop music and entertainment company , Empire Entertainment , and the drama among the members of the founders ' family as they fight for control of it . On January 15 , 2016 , the series was renewed for a third season , which premiered on September 21 , 2016 . On January 11 , 2017 , Fox renewed the series for a fourth season , consisting of eighteen episodes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a50ef4dc380e4e604f9f908e17aa45d", "text": "The Political Cesspool The Political Cesspool is a weekly far-right talk radio show founded by Tennessean political activist James Edwards and syndicated by the organizations Liberty News Radio Network and Accent Radio Network in the United States . First broadcast in October 2004 twice a week from radio station WMQM , per Edwards it has been simulcast on Stormfront Radio , a service of the white nationalist Stormfront website and as of 2011 is broadcast on Saturday nights on WLRM , a Christian radio station in Millington , Tennessee . Its sponsors include the white separatist Council of Conservative Citizens and the Institute for Historical Review , a Holocaust denial group . According to its statement of principles , the show stands for the `` Dispossessed Majority '' and represents `` a philosophy that is pro-White . '' It has attracted criticism -- including from The Nation , The New Republic , the Stephen Roth Institute , the Southern Poverty Law Center ( SPLC ) , and the Anti-Defamation League -- for its promotion of anti-semitic , white nationalist and white supremacist views . According to the SPLC , the show has featured a `` Who 's Who of the radical right '' , including members of the Ku Klux Klan ; they say Edwards has probably done more than anyone in America to promote neo-Nazis , Holocaust deniers and other extremists . The show features Edwards and his co-hosts Keith Alexander , Bill Rolen , Winston Smith , and Eddie Miller , as well as producer Art Frith . Former staffers include Geoff Melton , Jess Bonds and co-founder Austin Farley . Its guests have included author Jerome Corsi , Minuteman Project leader Jim Gilchrist , former Constitution Party presidential candidate Michael Peroutka , actor Sonny Landham , British National Party leader Nick Griffin , Vermont secessionist Thomas Naylor , and paleoconservative activist Pat Buchanan . It is carried by at least three licensed terrestrial radio stations in the United States and on network feeds on the Galaxy 19 communications satellite .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "90fd19e194f6ba3af3c6057573fc1212", "text": "Fraser Ayres Fraser Stuart Ayres ( born 1980 ) is an English actor , best known for his role as Clint in the BBC comedy series The Smoking Room . Ayres first joined the youth core at the Haymarket Theatre in Leicester and has done other television including Bella and The Boys , Unconditional Love , London 's Burning , The Vice and Trail Of Guilt . His stage work brought him Best Actor awards for his performance in The People Next Door and he has also starred in Ramayana , Telling Tales , Four and Bluebird , Workers Writes , Vurt , Sandman , and Mercury Fur . His film work includes Revenger 's Tragedy , Intimacy , It Was An Accident , Speak Like A Child , Dinner For Two , Rage , and Kevin & Perry Go Large . Most recently he played `` Ray '' in the BBC Three drama pilot West 10 LDN ( also known as W10 LDN ) . In 2007 , Ayres appeared in Little Miss Jocelyn and in 2011 , he starred in the one off BBC Christmas show , Lapland . In 2015 Ayres appeared as Theo Bainbridge in the ITV series Midsomer Murders episode 17.2 `` Murder by Magic '' . In 2016 , Ayres joined the cast of the Talawa Theatre Company and Royal Exchange Manchester co-production of King Lear . The Daily Telegraph praised `` Fraser Ayres 's chillingly sociopathic Edmund , the amoral face of an emerging , modern calculating politics '' , while The Guardian said `` Ayres is one of the most dangerously unstable Edmunds of recent times '' , the Manchester Evening News noted that `` Fraser Ayres near re-writes the scale of Edmund 's anger towards his illegitimate father the Earl of Gloucester ( Philip Whitchurch ) '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "487cee946e016723e5a6af07d7e1b38d", "text": "Top of the Hill Top of the Hill is a political drama series aired by CBS as part of its 1989 fall lineup .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b99930ccf961729e9fff15a3de453e40", "text": "The Remains (film) The Remains is a 2016 American horror film written and directed by Thomas Della Bella and starring Todd Lowe as a widower and father named John . In The Remains , John moves his family after his wife passes , but the items that had been left in the house turn out to be haunted .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4616dace12242646c58a9f5e57752290", "text": "Reds (film) Reds is a 1981 American epic drama film co-written , produced and directed by Warren Beatty . The picture centers on the life and career of John Reed , the journalist and writer who chronicled the Russian Revolution in his book Ten Days That Shook the World . Beatty stars in the lead role alongside Diane Keaton as Louise Bryant and Jack Nicholson as Eugene O'Neill . The supporting cast includes Edward Herrmann , Jerzy Kosinski , Paul Sorvino , Maureen Stapleton , Gene Hackman , Ramon Bieri , Nicolas Coster and M. Emmet Walsh . The film also features , as `` witnesses , '' interviews with the 98-year-old radical educator and peace activist Scott Nearing , author Dorothy Frooks , reporter and author George Seldes , civil liberties advocate Roger Baldwin , and the American writer Henry Miller , among others . Beatty was awarded the Academy Award for Best Director and the film was nominated for Best Picture , but lost to Chariots of Fire . Beatty , Keaton , Nicholson and Stapleton were nominated for Best Actor , Best Actress , Best Supporting Actor and Best Supporting Actress , respectively . Stapleton was the only one of the four to win . Beatty was also nominated , along with co-writer Trevor Griffiths , for Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay , but lost to Chariots of Fire . Beatty became the third person to be nominated for Academy Awards in the categories Best Actor , Director and Original Screenplay for a film nominated for Best Picture . In June 2008 , the American Film Institute revealed its `` Ten Top Ten '' -- the best ten films in ten `` classic '' American film genres -- after polling over 1,500 people from the creative community . Reds was acknowledged as the ninth best film in the epic genre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8c640af6355c510b3de031a09889a326", "text": "Meet the Browns (TV series) Tyler Perry 's Meet the Browns is an American sitcom created and produced by playwright , director , and producer Tyler Perry . The show initially revolved around Mr. Brown running a senior citizens ' home in Decatur , Georgia with his daughter Cora Simmons , but as the show progressed , this idea was gradually phased out and it became a typical family sitcom about a multigenerational clan living under one roof . The show premiered on Wednesday , January 7 , 2009 and finished its run on November 18 , 2011 on TBS . It is made in the model of his play and film of the same name . The show stars David Mann and Tamela Mann , who starred in the earlier stage play and motion picture .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8682025f2293a3b5dcba8f6d3f1f3085", "text": "Drama (UK TV series) Drama is a one-hour UK television anthology series produced by Open City Productions . It consists of seven episodes of abridged productions of classic plays that were aired on the British Broadcasting Company in 1977 . Episode titles are Oedipus Tyrannus , MacBeth , Medieval Mystery Plays , The Venetian Twins , The Way of the World , The Wild Duck , and Six Characters in Search of an Author . Actors included Patrick Stewart , Leo McKern , and Nigel Stock .", "title": "" } ]
fever
1742510abe955015ec205207a03e4f21
The Hunger Games opening weekend grossed at $152.5 million.
[ { "docid": "f7a142e617674dcfc1ada61cac5681bd", "text": "The Hunger Games (film) The Hunger Games is a 2012 American dystopian science fiction adventure film directed by Gary Ross and based on the novel of the same name by Suzanne Collins . It is the first installment in The Hunger Games film series and was produced by Nina Jacobson and Jon Kilik , with a screenplay by Ross , Collins , and Billy Ray . The film stars Jennifer Lawrence , Josh Hutcherson , Liam Hemsworth , Woody Harrelson , Elizabeth Banks , Lenny Kravitz , Stanley Tucci , and Donald Sutherland . The story takes place in a dystopian post-apocalyptic future in the nation of Panem , where boys and girls between the ages of 12 and 18 must take part in the Hunger Games , a televised annual event in which the `` tributes '' are required to fight to the death until there is only one survivor . Katniss Everdeen ( Lawrence ) volunteers to take her younger sister 's place . Joined by her district 's male tribute , Peeta Mellark ( Hutcherson ) , Katniss travels to the Capitol to train for the Hunger Games under the guidance of former victor Haymitch Abernathy ( Harrelson ) . Development of The Hunger Games began in March 2009 when Lions Gate Entertainment entered into a co-production agreement with Color Force , which had acquired the rights a few weeks earlier . Collins collaborated with Ray and Ross to write the screenplay . The screenplay expanded the character of Seneca Crane to allow several developments to be shown directly to the audience and Ross added several scenes between Crane and Coriolanus Snow . The main characters were cast between March and May 2011 . Principal photography began in May 2011 and ended in September 2011 , with filming taking place in North Carolina . The Hunger Games was shot entirely on film as opposed to digital . The film was released on March 21 , 2012 , in some European countries and in the US on March 23 , 2012 , in both conventional theaters and digital IMAX theaters . Japan received it last , on September 28 . When the film released , it set records for opening day ( $ 67.3 million ) and opening weekend for a non-sequel . At the time of its release , the film 's opening weekend gross ( $ 152.5 million ) was the third-largest of any movie in North America . It is the first film since Avatar to remain in first place at the North American box office for four consecutive weekends . The film was a massive box-office success by grossing over $ 694 million worldwide against its budget of $ 78 million , making it the third-highest-grossing film in the United States and ninth-highest-grossing worldwide of 2012 . It was released on DVD and Blu-ray Disc on August 18 , 2012 . With 7,434,058 units sold , the DVD was the best-selling DVD of 2012 . A sequel , The Hunger Games : Catching Fire , was released on November 22 , 2013 , in the United States . The Hunger Games received positive reviews from critics , with praise for its themes and messages , as well as Jennifer Lawrence 's portrayal of Katniss , though there was criticism of the film 's use of shaky cam in the action sequences . Like the novel , the film has been noted for its similarities to other works , such as Robert Sheckley 's short story `` Seventh Victim '' and its Italian film adaptation The 10th Victim , the Japanese novel Battle Royale and its film adaptation , and the Shirley Jackson short story `` The Lottery '' , with some criticizing The Hunger Games for being derivative of such works . Collins stated in an interview that her novel and screenplay drew on sources of inspiration such as the myth of Theseus , Roman gladiatorial games , reality television , and the desensitization of viewers to media coverage of real-life tragedy and war , not to think as just an audience member , `` Because those are real people on the screen , and they 're not going away when the commercials start to roll . '' The song `` Safe & Sound '' won a Grammy Award and was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song . For her performance , Lawrence won the Saturn Award for Best Actress , the Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress in an Action Movie , the Empire Award for Best Actress and was also nominated for the New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "50a460dd4b191c74503b0eae967cc6a7", "text": "Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (film) Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix is a 2007 British-American fantasy film directed by David Yates and distributed by Warner Bros. . Pictures . It is based on the novel of the same name by J. K. Rowling . The film , which is the fifth instalment in the Harry Potter film series , was written by Michael Goldenberg ( making this the only film in the series not to be scripted by Steve Kloves ) and produced by David Heyman and David Barron . The story follows Harry Potter 's fifth year at Hogwarts as the Ministry of Magic is in denial of Lord Voldemort 's return . The film stars Daniel Radcliffe as Harry Potter , alongside Rupert Grint and Emma Watson as Harry 's best friends Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger . It is the sequel to Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire and is followed by Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince . Live-action filming took place in England and Scotland for exterior locations and Leavesden Film Studios in Watford for interior locations from February to November 2006 , with a one-month break in June . Post-production on the film continued for several months afterwards to add in visual effects . The film 's budget was reportedly between # 75 and 100 million ( $ 150 -- 200 million ) . Warner Bros. released the film in the United Kingdom on 12 July 2007 and in North America on 11 July , both in conventional and IMAX theatres ; it is the first Potter film to be released in IMAX 3D . As of April 2017 , Order of the Phoenix is the 39th-highest-grossing film of all time , and a critical and commercial success . The film opened to a worldwide 5-day opening of $ 333 million , fourteenth all-time , and grossed nearly $ 940 million total , second to Pirates of the Caribbean : At World 's End for the greatest total of 2007 . The film was nominated for two BAFTA Film Awards in 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a96fed149591ca6f0cff27eb1f1498bd", "text": "List of accolades received by Dallas Buyers Club Dallas Buyers Club is a 2013 American biographical drama film directed by Jean-Marc Vallée based on a screenplay written by Craig Borten and Melisa Wallack . Matthew McConaughey stars as Ron Woodroof , an AIDS patient who smuggles unapproved AIDS drug treatments into Texas and establishes the titular club where he distributes them amongst other AIDS sufferers whilst opposed by the Food and Drug Administration . Jared Leto and Jennifer Garner feature in supporting roles . Dallas Buyers Club premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 7 , 2013 . Focus Features initially gave the film a limited release at nine theaters on November 1 before expanding it on November 22 to over 600 theaters in the United States and Canada . The film grossed a worldwide total of over $ 55 million on a production budget of $ 5 million . Rotten Tomatoes , a review aggregator , surveyed 234 reviews and judged 94 % to be positive . Dallas Buyers Club garnered awards and nominations in a variety of categories with particular praise for the performances of actors , McConaughey and Leto . At the 86th Academy Awards , the film received six nominations , including Best Picture , Best Original Screenplay , Best Actor for McConaughey , and Best Supporting Actor for Leto . McConaughey and Leto went on to win their respective categories -- only the fifth film in Oscars history to win both awards . Hairstylist Adruitha Lee , and makeup artist Robin Mathews won for Best Makeup and Hairstyling . Mathews ' makeup budget for the film was only $ 250 . At the 71st Golden Globe Awards , McConaughey won for Best Actor -- Motion Picture Drama , and Leto won for Best Supporting Actor -- Motion Picture . At the Screen Actors Guild Awards the film had three nominations ; winning Best Actor for McConaughey and Best Supporting Actor for Leto . Borten and Wallack 's screenplay was also nominated for Best Original Screenplay at the Writers Guild of America Awards . The National Board of Review named Dallas Buyers Club one of the top ten independent films of 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1445773c08da50707979a85167e4edf4", "text": "Houston Film Critics Society Awards 2010 The 4th Houston Film Critics Society Awards were presented on December 18 , 2010 . These awards for `` extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Houston Film Critics Society ( HFCS ) based in Houston , Texas . The organization , founded in 2007 , includes 22 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications in the greater Houston area . The awards are co-sponsored by the Houston Film Commission , Southwest Alternate Media Project , Women in Film and Television/Houston , WorldFest , and the Houston Cinema Arts Society . The nominations for the 2010 awards were announced on December 12 , 2010 . Eligible films do not need to have played or opened in a Houston film theater prior to the nomination deadline , merely made available to the HFCS membership at a screening or on DVD . Along with the 13 `` best of '' category awards , this year also saw the introduction of a new category for `` Worst Movies of the Year '' . The Social Network , True Grit , and 127 Hours each received six nominations , all including the Best Picture , Actor , Direction , and Original Score categories . The Social Network was the HFCS 's most awarded film of 2010 taking top honors in the Best Picture , Best Director ( David Fincher ) , Best Actor ( Jesse Eisenberg ) , and Best Screenplay ( Aaron Sorkin ) categories . Inception was the only other film to garner multiple awards , winning both the Best Original Score ( Hans Zimmer ) and Best Cinematography ( Wally Pfister ) prizes . The other acting awards went to Natalie Portman as Best Actress for Black Swan , Hailee Steinfeld as Best Supporting Actress for True Grit , and Christian Bale as Best Supporting Actor for The Fighter . The remaining film honors went to Toy Story 3 as Best Animated Film , Restrepo as Best Documentary , and The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo as Best Foreign Language Film . `` We Are Sex Bob-Omb '' by Beck from Scott Pilgrim vs. the World was named the Best Original Song . The HFCS 's first-ever award for `` Worst Picture '' was given to Jonah Hex starring Josh Brolin . In addition to the category awards , the HFCS presented their annual Lifetime Achievement Award to Sissy Spacek and its Humanitarian Award to George Clooney . Clooney was selected for `` selflessly using his celebrity for greater good '' . The HFCS award for Outstanding Achievement in Cinema awards were presented to Charles Dove , director of the Rice University Media Center , and Hector Luna , the founder and editor of C-47 Houston .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1333396c5c79152a8a6bf303e0e30095", "text": "The Texas Chainsaw Massacre (2003 film) The Texas Chainsaw Massacre is a 2003 American slasher film , and a remake of The Texas Chain Saw Massacre . The fifth entry in the Texas Chainsaw Massacre franchise , the film was directed by Marcus Nispel , written by Scott Kosar , and produced by Michael Bay . It was also co-produced by Kim Henkel and Tobe Hooper , co-creators of the original 1974 film . TCM is the first of many horror remakes to come from Michael Bay 's Platinum Dunes production company which also released the remakes The Amityville Horror , The Hitcher , Friday the 13th , and A Nightmare on Elm Street . Though met with negative reception from critics , the film was well received by fans , and grossed $ 107 million worldwide above its $ 9.5 million budget , making it a strong financial success . A prequel was released in 2006 , titled The Texas Chainsaw Massacre : The Beginning .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a90aa1415307d4baa4a3f5a05cd5adf8", "text": "G-Force (film) G-Force is a 2009 American family comedy adventure film produced by Walt Disney Pictures and Jerry Bruckheimer Films . Written by Cormac Wibberley and Marianne Wibberley and directed by Hoyt Yeatman , the film is the directorial debut of Hoyt Yeatman , whose earlier work includes contributions in the area of visual effects . It was released in the United States on July 24 , 2009 . G-Force is based on a story also by Hoyt Yeatman . The film was shown in competing 3-D technologies like Dolby 3D . This is also Jerry Bruckheimer 's first 3-D film . The movie stars Zach Galifianakis , Bill Nighy , and Will Arnett and it features the voices of Sam Rockwell , Tracy Morgan , Penélope Cruz , Nicolas Cage , Steve Buscemi , and Jon Favreau . The film received generally negative reviews , with critics praising its action , but criticizing its plot and character development and it earned $ 292.8 million on a $ 150 million budget .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "af492998021ac84b2b18cda76cc3973f", "text": "Fictional universe of The Hunger Games The Hunger Games universe is a fictional world appearing in The Hunger Games trilogy written by Suzanne Collins . It consists primarily of the fictional nation of Panem , its Capitol where the totalitarian government resides , and the outlying districts , numbered 1 to 12 , each with a different economy . In addition , there is the secretive District 13 , where a rebel force is building strength . The Hunger Games themselves are an annual event in which citizens from the districts , selected through a process called `` reaping '' , are forced to participate in a battle to the death . The universe also contains fictional flora and fauna , such as the Mockingjay , a bird whose mimicry is used as a plot device , and after whom the third book in the series is named .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a1d800f3a58ce0e26dc0d8caddded51", "text": "Goodfellas Goodfellas ( stylized as GoodFellas ) is a 1990 American crime film directed by Martin Scorsese . It is an adaptation of the 1986 non-fiction book Wiseguy by Nicholas Pileggi , who co-wrote the screenplay with Scorsese . The film narrates the rise and fall of mob associate Henry Hill and his friends over a period from 1955 to 1980 . Scorsese initially named the film Wise Guy and postponed making it ; later , he and Pileggi changed the name to Goodfellas . To prepare for their roles in the film , Robert De Niro , Joe Pesci , and Ray Liotta often spoke with Pileggi , who shared research material left over from writing the book . According to Pesci , improvisation and ad-libbing came out of rehearsals wherein Scorsese gave the actors freedom to do whatever they wanted . The director made transcripts of these sessions , took the lines he liked best , and put them into a revised script , which the cast worked from during principal photography . Made on a budget of $ 25 million , Goodfellas grossed $ 46.8 million . It received positive reviews from critics and was nominated for six Academy Awards , including Best Picture and Best Director , with Pesci winning Best Actor in a Supporting Role . The film won five awards from the British Academy of Film and Television Arts , including Best Film and Best Director . Additionally , Goodfellas was named the year 's best film by various critics ' groups . Goodfellas is widely regarded as one of the greatest films in the crime genre . In 2000 , it was deemed `` culturally , historically , and aesthetically significant '' and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry by the United States Library of Congress . Its content and style have been emulated in numerous other films and television shows .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b259887db7806f3f5e307e88e4cf3659", "text": "List of accolades received by Star Wars: The Force Awakens Star Wars : The Force Awakens is a 2015 epic space opera film directed , co-produced , and co-written by J. J. Abrams . The seventh installment in the main Star Wars film series , and first of three in Star Wars sequel trilogy , it stars Harrison Ford , Mark Hamill , Carrie Fisher , Adam Driver , Daisy Ridley , John Boyega , Oscar Isaac , Lupita Nyong ` o , Andy Serkis , Domhnall Gleeson , Anthony Daniels , and Max von Sydow . The Force Awakens is set 30 years after Return of the Jedi ; it follows Rey , Finn , and Poe Dameron 's search for Luke Skywalker and their fight alongside the Resistance , led by veterans of the Rebel Alliance , against Kylo Ren and the First Order , a successor group to the Galactic Empire . The Force Awakens was premiered by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures in Los Angeles on December 14 , and was released in United States and Canada on December 18 , 2015 . The Force Awakens opened across 14,300 theaters , breaking numerous box-office records and became the first film to earn more than $ 100 million worldwide in a single day . The film grossed a worldwide total of over $ 2 billion on a production budget of $ 306 million becoming the highest-grossing release of 2015 , and the fastest film to earn $ 1 billion worldwide , doing so in twelve-days . The Force Awakens became the third film in history to surpass $ 2 billion worldwide ( after Avatar ( 2009 ) and Titanic ( 1997 ) ) , doing so on its 53rd day of release . Rotten Tomatoes , a review aggregator , surveyed 360 reviews and judged 92 percent to be positive . The Force Awakens garnered many awards and nominations in a variety of categories with particular praise for Abrams ' direction , its action sequences , visual effects , editing and Ridley 's and Boyega 's performances . Several awards held their nominations before the December release of The Force Awakens , making the film ineligible for the 73rd Golden Globe Awards and some other awards ceremonies . However , the film was added to the 21st Critics ' Choice Awards 's slate of best picture nominees after a special vote by the board of directors , and the announcement of the 2015 American Film Institute Awards was delayed until after the release of film , where it was named one of Top Ten Films of the year . The Force Awakens received five nominations at the 88th Academy Awards as Best Original Score , Best Sound Editing , Best Sound Mixing , Best Film Editing and Best Visual Effects . The film garnered four nominations at 69th British Academy Film Awards , and won for Best Special Visual Effects and a special BAFTA Rising Star Award for John Boyega . At the 21st Empire Awards , the film received nine nominations and won five including Best Sci-Fi/Fantasy Film , and Best Director for J.J. Abrams . The Force Awakens became the most nominated film in Saturn Awards history with total of thirteen nominations at 42nd Saturn Awards and won eight including Best Science Fiction Film , Best Director and Best Special Effects . The film received seven nominations from the Visual Effects Society , winning four including Outstanding Visual Effects in an Effects Driven Feature Motion Picture . Star Wars : The Force Awakens received eleven nominations at MTV Movie Awards , the most for the ceremony and won three including Movie of the Year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a6730d623861b6a1a072d787c38d563", "text": "Economy of Punjab, India According to the 2008 Global Hunger Index , Punjab has the lowest level of hunger in India . Less than one-fourth of children below the age of five are underweight , although Punjab `` came off worse than countries like Gabon and Vietnam when measured on the index '' . Punjab has relatively good infrastructure . This includes road , rail , air and river transport links that are extensive throughout the region . Punjab has also one of the lowest poverty rate in India at 6.16 % ( 1999-2000 figures ) , and has won the best state performance award , based on statistical data compiled by the Indian Government . In 2012 , the state was one of the highest receiver of overall remittances to India which stood at $ 66.13 billion ( 4547429450000.00 Indian Rupees ) , below Kerala , Tamil Nadu and Uttar Pradesh .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "508d928073d6d6810d696b56911f6645", "text": "Survivor: South Pacific Survivor : South Pacific is the twenty-third season of the American CBS competitive reality television series Survivor . The season was filmed from May 30 through July 7 , 2011 and premiered on September 14 , 2011 . Applications were due in January 11 , 2011 , approximately 800 applicants visited in various states , from there 16 contestants were chosen as participants . The two original tribes were Savaii and Upolu ( both named from Savai'i and Upolu , two main islands of the independent nation of Samoa ) , and the merged tribe into Te Tuna ( given from a Samoan legend about the origins of the coconut tree ) . Samoa was not initially selected as a location for this season , as the show had already filmed two seasons ( Samoa and Heroes vs. Villains ) in the area . The production team withdrew from their original locale , Tonga , due to economic problems . The season was filmed in the vicinity of Upolu and it served as the location for the next season . Redemption Island , first introduced in the prior season , returned for this season . Sophie Clarke was named the winner in the final episode on December 18 , 2011 , defeating Benjamin `` Coach '' Wade and Albert Destrade in a 6 -- 3 -- 0 vote . Ozzy Lusth won $ 100,000 as the `` Sprint Player of the Season '' , winning this honor by the largest margin since the award 's inception in Survivor : China , and earning the fans ' vote over John Cochran . The complete season was released on DVD on September 8 , 2015 , via Amazon.com 's CreateSpace program .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "00a47f45a8903ab372e4f8938ed1c815", "text": "List of accolades received by BioShock Infinite BioShock Infinite is a first-person shooter video game developed by Irrational Games and published by 2K Games . Players assume control of Booker DeWitt ( Troy Baker ) , who is sent to rescue Elizabeth ( Courtnee Draper ) from her captivity on the floating air city of Columbia . The game 's development was led by creative director Ken Levine . The game was officially announced on August 12 , 2010 , and was widely anticipated . At the Spike Video Game Awards , it was nominated Most Anticipated Game three times . Following its previews at the Electronic Entertainment Expo , the game won numerous awards , including Best of Show from several gaming publications . It was released worldwide on March 26 , 2013 for Microsoft Windows , PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 . Review aggregator Metacritic assigned the game a normalized score of 94 out of 100 , indicating `` universal acclaim '' , based on 27 and 68 reviews for the Windows and PlayStation 3 versions , respectively ; the Xbox 360 version received 93 out of 100 based on 33 reviews . Within four months of its release , BioShock Infinite sold approximately four million copies , and eleven million by June 2015 . BioShock Infinite garnered awards and nominations in a variety of categories with particular praise for its music , story , visual design , characters , and the acting of its cast . At the 17th Annual DICE Awards , the game received six nominations and went on to win two awards : Action Game of the Year , and Outstanding Achievement in Original Music Composition . The game earned four nominations at the 10th British Academy Video Games Awards , winning Original Music . At IGN 's Best of 2013 , the game garnered twenty nominations and went on to win nine awards , including Best Overall Shooter Game and Best Overall Graphics for Art Design . At the 14th Annual Game Developers Choice Awards , BioShock Infinite won Best Audio and Best Visual Art . The game received nine nominations at the Spike VGX , winning Best Shooter , Best Song in a Game and Character of the Year . At the National Academy of Video Game Trade Reviewers Awards , the game received eleven nominations , with Courtnee Draper winning Supporting Performance in a Drama . The game appeared on several year-end lists of the best games of 2013 , receiving Game of the Year wins from the Associated Press , CNN , Electronic Gaming Monthly , Entertainment Weekly , Forbes , and Games .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6db02b0cfc977f6ed8b18c65cbca5b19", "text": "Jake Gyllenhaal Jacob Benjamin Gyllenhaal ( -LSB- ˈdʒɪlənhɑːl -RSB- ; born December 19 , 1980 ) is an American actor . A member of the Gyllenhaal family and the son of director Stephen Gyllenhaal and screenwriter Naomi Foner , Gyllenhaal began acting as a child with a screen debut in City Slickers ( 1991 ) , followed by roles in A Dangerous Woman ( 1993 ) and Homegrown ( 1998 ) . His breakthrough performance was as Homer Hickam in October Sky ( 1999 ) and he garnered an Independent Spirit Award nomination for Best Male Lead for playing the title character in the indie cult hit Donnie Darko ( 2001 ) , in which he played a psychologically troubled teenager alongside his older sister , Maggie Gyllenhaal . He subsequently appeared in another indie film , The Good Girl ( 2002 ) and the climate fiction-disaster film The Day After Tomorrow ( 2004 ) , portraying a student caught in a cataclysmic climate event . In 2005 , Gyllenhaal portrayed Anthony `` Swoff '' Swofford in Jarhead , Gwyneth Paltrow 's love interest in Proof , and Jack Twist in Ang Lee 's Brokeback Mountain . For his performance in Brokeback Mountain , he received critical acclaim and won the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role and was nominated for the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Supporting Role , the Satellite Award for Best Supporting Actor -- Motion Picture , and the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor . Gyllenhaal received further recognition for roles in Zodiac ( 2007 ) , Brothers ( 2009 ) , Prince of Persia : The Sands of Time ( 2010 ) , Love & Other Drugs ( 2010 ) , for which he was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor -- Motion Picture Musical or Comedy , Source Code ( 2011 ) , End of Watch ( 2012 ) , Prisoners , Enemy ( both 2013 ) , Nightcrawler ( 2014 ) , Southpaw ( 2015 ) and Nocturnal Animals ( 2016 ) . For Nightcrawler , his performance was widely acclaimed and received rave reviews from critics and he was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor -- Motion Picture Drama , the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role , and the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "61ecfd2cfddc6e6c45cec165c2b45c2b", "text": "Hunger in the United Kingdom Chronic hunger has affected a sizable proportion of the UK 's population throughout most of its history . The problem was largely solved with the improved economic conditions that followed World War II . Yet since the lasting global inflation in the price of food that began in late 2006 , and especially since the financial crisis of 2008 , severe hunger has once again began to affect thousands of Britons . By December 2013 , according to a group of doctors and academics writing in The British Medical Journal , hunger in the UK had reached the level of a `` public health emergency '' . In the run up to the 2015 general election , the issue of hunger in the UK became somewhat politicised , with right wing commentators expressing scepticism about figures presented by church groups and left leaning activitists . An All-Party MP group focusing on hunger in the UK has called for activists to be cautious in how they discuss the problem of domestic hunger , as exaggerated claims and political point scoring risk reducing public support for tackling the issue . In a 2016 report , the All-Party group stated it is not possible to accurately quantify the number of people suffering from hunger in the UK , and called for better collection of data . The UK has seen several changes in prevailing attitudes to the problem of hunger and its relief . In the early 19th century , a view arose that it was counter productive to assist those suffering from hunger ; rather people should be left to fend for themselves , which would help them become more self-sufficient and would also assist the free market to deliver prosperity . By the early 20th century this way of thinking had been largely displaced by the humanitarian view that Britons have a moral duty to help the hungry when they are able .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab776c8e054188f0657ac63f8105ecf6", "text": "Film series A film series ( also referred to as a film franchise ) is a collection of related films in succession that share the same fictional universe , or are marketed as a series . Sometimes the work is conceived from the beginning as a multiple-film work , for example the Three Colours series , but in most cases the success of the original film inspires further films to be made . Individual sequels are relatively common , but are not always successful enough to spawn further installments . The Marvel Cinematic Universe is the highest grossing film series in unadjusted US Dollar figures surpassing the Harry Potter , Star Wars , James Bond , and Peter Jackson 's The Lord of the Rings series . However , `` Star Wars '' has the highest when adjusted for inflation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4612b633f586b1785d42aa5608603556", "text": "Size Five Games Size Five Games ( formerly Zombie Cow Studios ) is a British independent video game developer founded by Dan Marshall in 2008 . Dan Marshall 's previous games , Gibbage and Cruxade were retroactively brought under the Zombie Cow banner upon its founding . Their first new release was a donationware adventure game called Ben There , Dan That ! , released in 2008 . It was widely praised by the adventure game community and downloaded 50,000 times but brought in only `` a couple of hundred quid '' due to its donation model . Marshall self-funded the games development , telling the BBC in 2010 `` What I do keeps me fed and warm . I 'm not sure I get to lead the most extravagant lifestyle , or how my earnings compare to people working in the mainstream games industry . '' Marshall later said of the game `` I did n't think people would really pay money for it ... I think that was a bit naive , in retrospect . It 's well worth a couple of quid , and I do regret not charging for it initially . You can always move the price down , you ca n't really move it up . '' A 2011 updated edition of the game , which added a soundtrack and other features , was sold on a `` pay what you want '' model , with a minimum price . The sequel , Time Gentlemen , Please ! , was released in 2009 to positive reviews . PC Gamer called it `` point-and-click adventuring done right for a change . '' It holds a Metacritic score of 84 % . Both Ben There , Dan That ! and Time Gentlemen , Please ! were later made available for purchase on Steam and GOG.com . In 2010 , Zombie Cow Studios released Privates , a sex education game funded by Channel 4 and intended to match the `` personal , social , and health education '' guidelines of the National Curriculum The Xbox 360 version was cancelled when Microsoft confirmed that the game contravened the Xbox Live guidelines on sexual content of games , but the company released the Microsoft Windows version for free download from Channel 4 's website . The game won a BAFTA award in the `` Learning - Secondary '' category . In May 2011 , Zombie Cow Studios changed their name to Size Five Games . In 2013 , Zombie Cow Studios released Gun Monkeys , a `` procedurally-generated , physics-based , 1-on-1 online platform shooter '' featuring the voice of English actor and comedian , Kevin Eldon .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e78701a46db1d8bca6488ca193abaa7c", "text": "Pokémon Apokélypse Pokémon Apokélypse is a 2010 fan-made short film directed by Kial Natale and produced by Dylan Innes and Lee Majdoub . Based on the Pokémon franchise , the storyline takes place several years after the events of the original anime series . Intended as a fan-response to `` the common trend of ` dark and gritty ' reboots of popular franchises '' , the film was meant to give a mature spin on Pokémon and be in the same vein as work seen on parody website CollegeHumor . The creators initially intended to reveal the film at the Vancouver Anime Evolution convention , it was not shown due to technical difficulties . Instead on September 14 , 2010 , it revealed online via a teaser segment distributed through emails sent to various media outlets , which presented itself as a recording of a `` secret movie trailer screening '' for a film in development . The full film followed shortly thereafter , posted online on September 20 . The result of almost two years of work , the film follows Ash Ketchum and his friends years after the events of the original anime series , and their struggle against criminal organization Rocket Industries . Deciding on using the subject of Pokémon after considering several possibilities such as Grand Theft Auto and Dragon Ball Z , the producers were surprised by fan reaction to the material . Despite praises for the content , they have stated they have no intention to produce a full-fledged film . The initial `` leaked '' preview was met with skepticism and criticism , with Crave Online in particular recalling the trend of past video game-inspired films being of poor quality . Kotaku and Topless Robot in particular noting that the preview did it a disservice by hiding the charm of the completed project , which by comparison was met with very positive reception . GamesRadar called it `` amazing '' , and stated that the content was `` good enough for grown ups '' ; in a further discussion , they added they were impressed by the quality of the work , and how it addressed the similarity between the games and dog fighting . Other sources such as The Escapist and Game Informer also heavily praised the production , with the former lamenting that such a concept would never officially appear from Nintendo .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd3c673983155274d991e48586ab93d5", "text": "List of accolades received by Gone Girl (film) Gone Girl is a 2014 psychological thriller film directed by David Fincher , and produced by Leslie Dixon , Bruna Papandrea , Arnon Milchan , Reese Witherspoon , Ceán Chaffin , and Joshua Donen . The screenplay was adapted by Gillian Flynn from her eponymous 2012 novel . Set in Missouri , United States , the film stars Ben Affleck as Nick Dunne , a writer who becomes the prime suspect in the mysterious disappearance of his wife Amy , played by Rosamund Pike . Neil Patrick Harris and Tyler Perry feature in supporting roles . The score was composed by Trent Reznor and Atticus Ross . Gone Girl premiered at the New York Film Festival on September 26 , 2014 , before 20th Century Fox gave the film a wide release at over 3,000 theaters in the United States and Canada on October 3 . It grossed over $ 368 million on a production budget of $ 61 million . As of June 2016 , Gone Girl is Fincher 's highest-grossing film . Rotten Tomatoes , a review aggregator , surveyed 295 reviews and judged 88 % to be positive . Gone Girl garnered awards and nominations in a variety of categories with particular praise for its direction , Pike 's lead acting performance , Flynn 's screenplay , and its score . At the 87th Academy Awards , Pike received a nomination for Best Actress . The film received four nominations at the 72nd Golden Globe Awards : Best Director for Fincher , Best Actress in a Drama for Pike , Best Screenplay for Flynn , and Best Original Score . Pike won the Empire Award for Best Actress , and garnered nominations in the same category at the 21st Screen Actors Guild Awards and 68th British Academy Film Awards ( BAFTAs ) . She also received the Breakthrough Performance Award from the Palm Springs International Film Festival . Flynn was nominated at the BAFTAs , as well as the Writers Guild of America Awards . The National Board of Review included the film in their list of top ten films of the year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "06bee763ab88bf322c23edce2ef326cd", "text": "Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards 2014 The 20th Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards honoring the best in film for 2014 were announced on December 15 , 2014 . These awards `` recognizing extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association ( DFWFCA ) , based in the Dallas -- Fort Worth metroplex region of Texas . The organization , founded in 1990 , includes 30 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications based in north Texas . The Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association began presenting its annual awards list in 1993 . Birdman was the DFWFCA 's most awarded film of 2014 , taking five top honors . Birdman won in Best Picture , Best Actor ( Michael Keaton ) , Best Director ( Alejandro G. Iñárritu ) , Best Cinematography ( Emmanuel Lubezki ) , and Best Screenplay ( Alejandro G. Iñárritu , Nicolás Giacobone , Alexander Dinelaris Jr. , and Armando Bo ) . Another film , Boyhood , earned multiple 2014 honors from the DFWFCA . The coming-of-age tale received top honors in the Best Supporting Actress ( Patricia Arquette ) as well as being presented the Russell Smith Award as the `` best low-budget or cutting-edge independent film '' of the year . The award is named in honor of late Dallas Morning News film critic Russell Smith . Reese Witherspoon was named Best Actress for her role as Cheryl Strayed in Wild . The other films earning honors were Sweden 's Force Majeure for Best Foreign Language Film , Citizenfour as Best Documentary Film , and The Lego Movie for Best Animated Film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f90f1f367d79fad23b9a526afcd83a22", "text": "Pan (2015 film) Pan is a 2015 British - American family adventure fantasy film directed by Joe Wright and written by Jason Fuchs . The film is a prequel story to Scottish author J. M. Barrie 's Peter Pan story , first staged in 1904 . It stars Hugh Jackman , Garrett Hedlund , Rooney Mara and Amanda Seyfried , with Levi Miller as the title character . It serves as an alternative origin story for Peter Pan and Captain Hook . The film had its world premiere in London , England on September 20 , 2015 , and was theatrically released in the United States on October 9 , 2015 , by Warner Bros. . Pictures . Pan grossed $ 128.4 million on a $ 150 million budget , making it a box office bomb . The film received negative reviews from critics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "85bd790a83336a2c5a265a353bd9c5ef", "text": "The Croods The Croods is a 2013 American 3D computer-animated adventure comedy film produced by DreamWorks Animation and distributed by 20th Century Fox . It stars the voices of Nicolas Cage , Emma Stone , Ryan Reynolds , Catherine Keener , Clark Duke , and Cloris Leachman . The film is set in a fictional prehistoric Pliocene era known as `` The Croodaceous '' ( a prehistoric period which contains fictional prehistoric creatures ) when a caveman 's position as a `` Leader of the Hunt '' is threatened by the arrival of a prehistoric genius who comes up with revolutionary new inventions as they trek through a dangerous but exotic land in search of a new home . The Croods was written and directed by Kirk DeMicco and Chris Sanders , and produced by Kristine Belson and Jane Hartwell . The film premiered at the 63rd Berlin International Film Festival on February 15 , 2013 , and was released in the United States on March 22 , 2013 . As part of the distribution deal , this is the first film from DreamWorks Animation to be distributed by 20th Century Fox , since the end of their distribution deal with Paramount Pictures . The Croods received generally positive reviews , and proved to be a box office success , earning more than $ 587 million on a budget of $ 135 million . The film launched a new franchise , with a television series , Dawn of the Croods , which debuted on December 24 , 2015 , on Netflix . A sequel was announced for a 2018 release , but was later cancelled .", "title": "" } ]
fever
d0d4ab77d142a296084306aed40f2e05
Transformers: The Last Knight's cast includes Mark Wahlberg.
[ { "docid": "f6e0cd0690836bb4974bf40fc8100854", "text": "Transformers: The Last Knight Transformers : The Last Knight is an upcoming American science fiction action film based on the toy line of the same name created by Hasbro . It is the fifth installment of the live-action Transformers film series and a direct sequel to 2014 's Transformers : Age of Extinction . The film was directed by Michael Bay , with Mark Wahlberg and Stanley Tucci reprising their roles from Age of Extinction alongside Josh Duhamel , Tyrese Gibson , and John Turturro from the first three movies . Bay has stated this film marks his final picture in the franchise . The film is set to be released on June 21 , 2017 by Paramount Pictures in 2D , 3D , and IMAX 3D .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "e6c4fd258513b86b07e6ddbc317b3d04", "text": "Beast Wars II: Super Life-Form Transformers is a 1998 Japanese Transformers anime series , spawning a movie and a toyline . It was broadcast on TV Tokyo from April 1998 to January 1999 , and was the first Transformers anime to be produced by Nihon Ad Systems and animated by the studio Ashi Productions . While its position in the Transformers continuity has previously been unknown , the IDW Publishing comic book mini-series Beast Wars : The Gathering and comments from Transformers writer Simon Furman have shown it is part of the Beast Wars continuity . The series was preceded by Beast Wars , and was followed by Super Life-Form Transformers : Beast Wars Neo . Voices are done by Hozumi Gōda and each episode runs for 30 minutes . This anime was succeeded by Beast Wars Neo . The series has a much lighter tone and is aimed more towards children , whereas the more accessible Beast Wars was intended for a wider age range . The series also uses conventional animation rather than CGI . With the exceptions of the faction leaders , all of the characters within the series are either re-molds or re-colors of earlier Beast Wars figures or Generation 2/Machine Wars figures . In addition to the 43 episodes , there is also a 50-minute movie , Beast Wars II : Lio Convoy 's Close Call ! , which takes place sometime between episodes 32 and 38 , and a manga adaptation by Shoji Imaki . The only other country it was published in is Korea , and it was done by Daewon Media . The anime was also released in Korea , and it was broadcast on SBS .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea8308e801fad44d649bf01fafdaafcb", "text": "The Happening (2008 film) The Happening is a 2008 American thriller film written , co-produced and directed by M. Night Shyamalan , and stars Mark Wahlberg , Zooey Deschanel , John Leguizamo , and Betty Buckley . The film follows a man , his wife , his best friend and his friend 's daughter as they try to escape from an inexplicable natural disaster . The film was advertised as being Shyamalan 's first R-rated film ; it received mostly negative reviews from critics on Metacritic and grossed $ 163 million worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8786c3c2047f9f315f2d7c1b692a700b", "text": "War for the Planet of the Apes War for the Planet of the Apes is an upcoming American science fiction film directed by Matt Reeves and written by Mark Bomback and Reeves . It is a sequel to the 2014 film Dawn of the Planet of the Apes and the third installment in the Planet of the Apes reboot series . The film stars Andy Serkis , Woody Harrelson , Steve Zahn , Amiah Miller , Karin Konoval and Terry Notary . Principal photography began on October 14 , 2015 , in Vancouver . The film is scheduled to be released in the United States on July 14 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "51ef683ea049df764870b3e794fb048f", "text": "Tow-Line Tow-Line is the name of two fictional characters in the various Transformers universes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "20e05902ce2f2de46d2e6c0131e45c0f", "text": "Michael Fassbender filmography Michael Fassbender is a German-Irish actor who made his screen debut in the 2001 war drama miniseries Band of Brothers as Sgt. Burton `` Pat '' Christenson . Fassbender followed this with a number of television roles including a German motorcycle courier in the drama Hearts and Bones ( 2001 ) , Guy Fawkes in the miniseries Gunpowder , Treason & Plot ( 2004 ) , Lt. Harry Colebourn in the film A Bear Named Winnie ( 2004 ) , and Azazeal in the series Hex ( 2004 -- 05 ) . He made his film debut playing a Spartan soldier in Zack Snyder 's 300 ( 2007 ) . The following year Fassbender portrayed Irish republican Bobby Sands during the events of the 1981 Irish hunger strike in Steve McQueen 's historical drama Hunger . His performance garnered him the Best Actor award at the British Independent Film Awards , and the Irish Film and Television Awards . Fassbender appeared as a British soldier in Quentin Tarantino-directed film Inglourious Basterds ( 2009 ) . Two years later , he played Carl Jung in David Cronenberg 's A Dangerous Method , and a man suffering with sex addiction in McQueen 's Shame . His performance in the latter earned him the Volpi Cup for Best Actor at the Venice Film Festival . In the same year he also appeared in superhero film X-Men : First Class as Magneto . In 2013 , Fassbender reteamed with McQueen on the period drama 12 Years a Slave . For his role as a slave owner in the film he received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor . The following year , he reprised his role as Magneto in the superhero sequel X-Men : Days of Future Past which grossed a box-office total of over $ 747 million -- his highest grossing release as of April 2016 . In 2015 , he appeared as the title character in Justin Kurzel 's film adaptation of the play Macbeth . In the same year , Fassbender 's portrayal of Steve Jobs in Danny Boyle 's eponymous film garnered him a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c08931a3823dd4048a181d7d1130379a", "text": "Kate Winslet filmography Kate Winslet is a British actress and singer who has appeared in numerous films and television series . Her film debut was as Juliet Hulme in the 1994 film Heavenly Creatures . She went on to appear in the later 1990s films Sense and Sensibility as Marianne Dashwood ( 1995 ) , which earned her a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress , Jude as Sue Bridehead ( 1996 ) , Hamlet as Ophelia ( 1996 ) and Titanic as Rose DeWitt Bukater ( 1997 ) . For her role in Titanic , it earned her Best Actress nominations for an Academy Award , Golden Globe and Screen Actors Guild Award . In the 2000s , she was cast in Enigma with Dougray Scott ( 2001 ) , Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind with Jim Carrey ( 2004 ) , Finding Neverland with Johnny Depp ( 2004 ) , The Holiday with Jack Black ( 2006 ) , The Reader with David Kross ( 2008 ) and Revolutionary Road with Leonardo DiCaprio ( 2008 ) , her second collaboration with him , the first being in Titanic . She won an Academy Award for Best Actress for her role in The Reader . She also lent her voice to the animated film Flushed Away in 2006 with Hugh Jackman . In 2011 , Winslet starred in the all-star cast films , in Contagion with Marion Cotillard , Matt Damon , Jude Law and Gwyneth Paltrow and in Carnage alongside Jodie Foster , Christoph Waltz and John C. Reilly . In 2014 , she played Jeanine Matthews in the first film of the series , Divergent , based on the novel of the same name . She reprised the role in the 2015 sequel Insurgent . In 2015 , she starred in titular role in The Dressmaker and as an ex marketing chief of Apple Joanna Hoffman in a biopic Steve Jobs , earning her seventh Oscar nomination . Her television work includes appearing in several episodes of the series Dark Season in 1991 , and three episodes on Get Back from 1992 to 1993 . In 2005 , she appeared in an episode of Extras as herself and received her first Emmy nomination and went on to win one for her portrayal of Mildred Pierce Beragon in Todd Haynes 's 2011 miniseries Mildred Pierce .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d33ea65c5c3e02d55b92275c041ebe07", "text": "Transformers: Victory is an anime series produced by Toei Animation . It is a Japanese-produced spin-off of the well-known original Transformers cartoon , and the final complete animated series from the original `` Generation 1 '' era .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bbb686d8df7e411a2ae3827a20748b39", "text": "Saw V Saw is a 2008 Canadian-American horror film directed by David Hackl and written by Patrick Melton and Marcus Dunstan and stars Tobin Bell , Costas Mandylor , Scott Patterson , Betsy Russell , Mark Rolston , Julie Benz , Carlo Rota , and Meagan Good . It is the fifth installment of the Saw franchise , and was released on October 23 , 2008 in Australia and October 24 , 2008 in North America . David Hackl , who served as the production designer of Saw , Saw , and Saw IV , and second-unit director for Saw and Saw IV made his directorial debut with Saw . Patrick Melton and Marcus Dunstan , the writers of the previous film , returned to write the film . Charlie Clouser , who provided the score for all previous Saw films , also returned to compose the score for the film . Saw creators James Wan and Leigh Whannell served as executive producers . The film focuses primarily on the events that led up to Detective Mark Hoffman becoming an apprentice of the Jigsaw Killer , as well as his efforts to prevent anyone else from learning his secret .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "55e2f0da157657339f6abf18774004d7", "text": "Transformers: Scramble City , sometimes referred to as just is an episode of The Transformers released as an OVA ( Original Video Animation ) in Japan in April 1986 . It was created as a promotional video for the new line of ` Scramble City ' toys and the cassettes were paired with the toy sets . Despite strong belief ( such as that voiced on the 20th Anniversary DVD bonus commentary for the episode ) , it was not meant to introduce Japanese audiences to the new characters from The Transformers : The Movie ( considering Ultra Magnus , Ramhorn , Steeljaw , and Ratbat are the only ones from the film that appear in it ) . Chronologically , it takes place years before the movie during the early stages of construction on Autobot City . But since Trypticon appeared ( and was supposed to debut in Five Faces of Darkness ) , it can be assumed that this video takes place after Alternity .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "70872fe702b5c1d334559997c24581c7", "text": "James Bachman James Hamilton Bachman ( born 24 February 1972 ) is an English comedian , actor and writer . He has written for and acted in many British television and radio programmes , including That Mitchell and Webb Look , Saxondale , Bleak Expectations and Sorry , I 've Got No Head . In 2014 he co-starred in the film Transformers : Age of Extinction . He is the grandson of the best-selling author M. M. Kaye , and holds both British and American citizenship .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dac4d60c90a9e4740428736d3167e0da", "text": "Spike Witwicky Spike Witwicky is a regular character in the Transformers comics and television series . Spike and the rest of the Witwicky family members are the closest human allies of the Autobots . Their motto is `` No sacrifice , no victory '' . They appeared in the original television and comic book series and later in the live action films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f8f3dd579236615f15cb5715efba2aed", "text": "Billy Dee Williams William December `` Billy Dee '' Williams Jr. ( born April 6 , 1937 ) is an American actor , artist , singer , and writer . He is best known for his role as Lando Calrissian in the Star Wars film franchise , as well as acting in the movies Brian 's Song , Nighthawks , The Last Angry Man , Carter 's Army , and for playing Harvey Dent in Tim Burton 's Batman ( 1989 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b91773ee1a049d5aca4ecb07a029d264", "text": "Steve Jablonsky Steve Jablonsky ( born October 9 , 1970 ) is an American composer for film , television and video games , best known for his musical scores in the Transformers film series . Some of his frequent collaboration partners include film directors Michael Bay and Peter Berg , and fellow composer Hans Zimmer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b246240eb97d10fe7b69cbcc8cb5d231", "text": "Transformers: Energon Transformers : Energon , known in Japan as , is the 2004 -- 2005 Transformers toyline , animated series , and comic book series , another co-production between Hasbro and Takara and a direct sequel to Transformers : Armada . It is also the first Japanese Transformers show where the Transformers are computer-generated ( CG ) , in a cel-shaded technique similar to the Zoids anime , which was a trend that would continue into the next series , Transformers : Cybertron . Needless to say , Energon had worse production mishaps than Armada . In this series , the Transformers ' primary gimmicks are the Autobots ' ability to combine with partners of the same size , the Decepticons ' ability to use powered up forms , and the addition of Energon weapons and stars that can be placed on any Transformer . Mini-Cons , from the previous line , are still present , but all Mini-Con pegs are `` dead '' , and they do not activate a function on the toy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "41f84b51dd5781d6b11047cec25641c4", "text": "The Animatrix is a 2003 American-Japanese anthology anime film based on The Matrix trilogy produced by The Wachowskis , who wrote and directed the trilogy . The film is a compilation of nine animated short films , including four written by the Wachowskis . It details the backstory of the Matrix universe , including the original war between man and machines which led to the creation of the Matrix .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b259887db7806f3f5e307e88e4cf3659", "text": "List of accolades received by Star Wars: The Force Awakens Star Wars : The Force Awakens is a 2015 epic space opera film directed , co-produced , and co-written by J. J. Abrams . The seventh installment in the main Star Wars film series , and first of three in Star Wars sequel trilogy , it stars Harrison Ford , Mark Hamill , Carrie Fisher , Adam Driver , Daisy Ridley , John Boyega , Oscar Isaac , Lupita Nyong ` o , Andy Serkis , Domhnall Gleeson , Anthony Daniels , and Max von Sydow . The Force Awakens is set 30 years after Return of the Jedi ; it follows Rey , Finn , and Poe Dameron 's search for Luke Skywalker and their fight alongside the Resistance , led by veterans of the Rebel Alliance , against Kylo Ren and the First Order , a successor group to the Galactic Empire . The Force Awakens was premiered by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures in Los Angeles on December 14 , and was released in United States and Canada on December 18 , 2015 . The Force Awakens opened across 14,300 theaters , breaking numerous box-office records and became the first film to earn more than $ 100 million worldwide in a single day . The film grossed a worldwide total of over $ 2 billion on a production budget of $ 306 million becoming the highest-grossing release of 2015 , and the fastest film to earn $ 1 billion worldwide , doing so in twelve-days . The Force Awakens became the third film in history to surpass $ 2 billion worldwide ( after Avatar ( 2009 ) and Titanic ( 1997 ) ) , doing so on its 53rd day of release . Rotten Tomatoes , a review aggregator , surveyed 360 reviews and judged 92 percent to be positive . The Force Awakens garnered many awards and nominations in a variety of categories with particular praise for Abrams ' direction , its action sequences , visual effects , editing and Ridley 's and Boyega 's performances . Several awards held their nominations before the December release of The Force Awakens , making the film ineligible for the 73rd Golden Globe Awards and some other awards ceremonies . However , the film was added to the 21st Critics ' Choice Awards 's slate of best picture nominees after a special vote by the board of directors , and the announcement of the 2015 American Film Institute Awards was delayed until after the release of film , where it was named one of Top Ten Films of the year . The Force Awakens received five nominations at the 88th Academy Awards as Best Original Score , Best Sound Editing , Best Sound Mixing , Best Film Editing and Best Visual Effects . The film garnered four nominations at 69th British Academy Film Awards , and won for Best Special Visual Effects and a special BAFTA Rising Star Award for John Boyega . At the 21st Empire Awards , the film received nine nominations and won five including Best Sci-Fi/Fantasy Film , and Best Director for J.J. Abrams . The Force Awakens became the most nominated film in Saturn Awards history with total of thirteen nominations at 42nd Saturn Awards and won eight including Best Science Fiction Film , Best Director and Best Special Effects . The film received seven nominations from the Visual Effects Society , winning four including Outstanding Visual Effects in an Effects Driven Feature Motion Picture . Star Wars : The Force Awakens received eleven nominations at MTV Movie Awards , the most for the ceremony and won three including Movie of the Year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f9654a789e212ec4f0b6312947421724", "text": "Transformers Decepticons Transformers Decepticons is a video game based on fictional alien robots , Transformers . This version follows an alternate plot of the 2007 live action film Transformers . Most prominently , while the Autobots version has missions in the Arctic , the Decepticons version contain desert missions taking place in a Qatar military base .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3f00cd5648ef443fa07d6695e505d35e", "text": "Ethan Van der Ryn Ethan Van der Ryn ( born October 21 , 1962 ) is a sound editor . He won 2 Academy Awards for Best Sound Editing for The Lord of the Rings : The Two Towers and King Kong . He earned further Academy Awards nominations for Transformers ( 2007 ) , Transformers : Dark of the Moon ( 2011 ) and Argo ( 2012 ) . He is an alumnus of San Francisco State University .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5c54869cb3b7833cfbc2cff693fef8bd", "text": "Vic Mignogna Victor Joseph Mignogna ( -LSB- mɪnˈjɑːnə -RSB- ) is an American actor and musician known for his prolific voice-over work in the English dubs of Japanese anime shows , the most notable being Edward Elric from the Fullmetal Alchemist series , for which he earned the American Anime Award for Best Actor in 2007 . Other notable anime roles include Broly from the Dragon Ball Z films , Tamaki Suoh in Ouran High School Host Club , Fai D. Flowright in Tsubasa : Reservoir Chronicle , Dark Mousy in D.N.Angel , Kurz Weber in the Full Metal Panic ! series , Yoshimori Sumimura in Kekkaishi , Zero and Ichiru Kiryu in the Vampire Knight series , Christopher Aonuma in Digimon Fusion , Nagato in Naruto Shippuden , Ikkaku Madarame in Bleach and Koubun Ka in Magi : The Labyrinth of Magic . In video games , he is the voice of E-123 Omega in the Sonic the Hedgehog series and Junpei Iori from Shin Megami Tensei : Persona 3 . He was involved in music production in the Houston area . In live-action work , he has participated in several Star Trek fan productions , including Star Trek Continues where he plays Captain Kirk . He also voices Qrow Branwen in the American web series RWBY .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4debceab3c80314b473057b47fa295f7", "text": "Christopher Plummer Arthur Christopher Orme Plummer ( born December 13 , 1929 ) is a Canadian theatre , film and television actor . After making his film debut in Stage Struck ( 1958 ) , Plummer went on to a successful film career , now spanning more than five decades . Some of his most notable film performances include : The Sound of Music ( 1965 ) , Battle of Britain ( 1969 ) , Waterloo ( 1970 ) , The Return of the Pink Panther ( 1975 ) , Murder by Decree ( 1979 ) , Dragnet ( 1987 ) , Star Trek VI : The Undiscovered Country ( 1991 ) , A Beautiful Mind ( 2001 ) , Nicholas Nickleby ( 2002 ) , National Treasure ( 2004 ) , The New World ( 2005 ) , Inside Man ( 2006 ) , Up ( 2009 ) , The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus ( 2009 ) , and The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo ( 2011 ) . In a career which includes substantial roles in each of the dramatic arts , Plummer is best known to film audiences as the aristocratic widower , Captain Georg von Trapp , in the musical film The Sound of Music ( 1965 ) , alongside Julie Andrews . Plummer has ventured into various television projects , including the miniseries The Thorn Birds ( 1983 ) . Plummer has notably portrayed several historical figures , including Arthur Wellesley , First Duke of Wellington in Waterloo ( 1970 ) , Rudyard Kipling in The Man Who Would Be King ( 1975 ) , Mike Wallace in The Insider ( 1999 ) , and Leo Tolstoy in The Last Station ( 2009 ) . Plummer has won numerous awards and accolades for his work , including an Academy Award , two Emmy Awards , two Tony Awards , a Golden Globe Award , a SAG Award , and a BAFTA Award . With his win at age 82 in 2012 for Beginners , Plummer is the oldest actor ever to win an Academy Award .", "title": "" } ]
fever
d58073adb261239954f55517af8e07e0
In 2014, Furious 7 finished principal photography.
[ { "docid": "755b128742803409b7d900572db2f9e6", "text": "Furious 7 Furious 7 ( alternatively known as Fast & Furious 7 and Fast 7 ) is a 2015 American action film directed by James Wan and written by Chris Morgan . It is the seventh installment in The Fast and the Furious franchise . The film stars Vin Diesel , Paul Walker , Dwayne Johnson , Michelle Rodriguez , Tyrese Gibson , Chris ` Ludacris ' Bridges , Jordana Brewster , Djimon Hounsou , Kurt Russell , and Jason Statham . Furious 7 follows Dominic Toretto ( Diesel ) , Brian O'Conner ( Walker ) , and the rest of their team , who have returned to the United States to live normal lives after securing amnesty for their past crimes in Fast & Furious 6 ( 2013 ) , until Deckard Shaw ( Statham ) , a rogue special forces assassin seeking to avenge his comatose younger brother , puts the team in danger once again . With the previous three installments set between 2 Fast 2 Furious ( 2003 ) and The Fast and the Furious : Tokyo Drift ( 2006 ) , Furious 7 is the first installment in the franchise to take place after Tokyo Drift . The film also marks the final film appearance of Walker , who died in a single-vehicle crash on November 30 , 2013 with filming only half-completed . Following Walker 's death , filming was delayed for script rewrites , and his brothers , Caleb and Cody , were used as stand-ins to complete his remaining scenes . These script rewrites completed the story arcs for both Walker and Brewster 's characters ( Brian O'Conner and Mia Toretto , respectively ) , causing both to be retired . As a result , it is also the final installment in the franchise to star Brewster . Plans for a seventh installment were first announced in February 2012 when Johnson stated that production on the film would begin after the completion of Fast & Furious 6 . In April 2013 , Wan , predominantly known for horror films , was announced to direct the film in place of Justin Lin , who left the franchise after directing the previous four installments . Casting began in the same month with the re-signing of Diesel and Walker , and an initial release date was set . Principal photography began in Atlanta , Georgia , in September 2013 , resumed in April 2014 and ended in July 2014 , with other filming locations including Los Angeles , Colorado , Abu Dhabi , and Tokyo . Furious 7 premiered in Los Angeles on April 1 , 2015 , and was theatrically released in the United States on April 3 , 2015 , playing in 3D , IMAX 3D , and 4DX internationally . Upon release , the film became a critical and commercial success , with praise being aimed at the film 's action sequences and its tribute to Walker . The film grossed $ 397.6 million worldwide during its opening weekend , which is the sixth highest-grossing opening of all time . The film has grossed over $ 1.5 billion worldwide -- more than the franchise 's first five installments combined -- making it the highest-grossing film of the franchise after just twelve days , the third highest-grossing film of 2015 and the sixth highest-grossing film of all time . A sequel , The Fate of the Furious , was released on April 14 , 2017 .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "9d99ca7e631d2ccbc81efde67357bff3", "text": "Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country Star Trek VI : The Undiscovered Country is a 1991 American science fiction film released by Paramount Pictures . It is the sixth feature film based on Star Trek , and a sequel to the 1966 -- 1969 Star Trek television series . Taking place after the events of Star Trek V : The Final Frontier , it is the last film featuring the entire cast of the original series . After the destruction of the Klingon moon Praxis leads the Klingon Empire to pursue peace with their long-time adversary the Federation , the crew of the USS Enterprise must race against unseen conspirators with a militaristic agenda . The sixth film in the series was initially planned as a prequel to the original series , with younger actors portraying the crew of the Enterprise while attending Starfleet Academy , but the idea was discarded because of negative reaction from the original cast and the fans . Faced with producing a new film in time for Star Trek 's 25th anniversary , Nicholas Meyer , the director of Star Trek II : The Wrath of Khan , and Denny Martin Flinn wrote a script based on a suggestion from Leonard Nimoy about what would happen if `` the Wall came down in space '' , touching on the contemporary events of the Cold War . Principal photography took place between April and September 1991 . The production budget was smaller than anticipated because of the critical and commercial disappointment of The Final Frontier . Because of a lack of sound stage space on the Paramount lot , many scenes were filmed around Hollywood . Meyer and cinematographer Hiro Narita aimed for a darker and more dramatic mood , subtly altering sets originally used for the television series Star Trek : The Next Generation . Producer Steven-Charles Jaffe led a second unit that filmed on an Alaskan glacier that stood in for a Klingon gulag . Cliff Eidelman produced the film 's score , which is intentionally darker than previous Star Trek offerings . The film was released in North America on December 6 , 1991 . The Undiscovered Country garnered positive reviews , with publications praising the lighthearted acting and facetious references . The film performed strongly at the box office . It posted the largest opening weekend gross of the series before going on to earn $ 96,888,996 worldwide . The film earned two Academy Award nominations , for Best Makeup and Best Sound Effects , and is the only Star Trek movie to win the Saturn Award for Best Science Fiction Film . A special collectors ' edition DVD version of the film was released in 2004 , to which Meyer had made minor alterations . Star Trek creator Gene Roddenberry died shortly before the movie 's premiere , just days after viewing the film . The film marked the final appearance together of the original series ' cast .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c74dbdc727dbb54c20cce46520c07a3c", "text": "Starships (song) `` Starships '' is a song by Trinidadian American recording artist Nicki Minaj , from her second studio album Pink Friday : Roman Reloaded ( 2012 ) . It was released on February 14 , 2012 by Young Money , Cash Money , and Universal Republic as the lead single from the album . The song was written by Minaj , Nadir Khayat , Carl Falk , Rami Yacoub , and Wayne Hector , and it was produced by RedOne , Yacoub , and Falk . The song peaked inside the top five in over fifteen countries , and also achieved a Billboard milestone , debuting in the U.S. top 10 and spending a total of 21 consecutive weeks there . `` Starships '' has been certified six-times platinum in the U.S , becoming her second-highest certified single as a solo artist in the region . In the country , it has sold 4.5 million copies as of 2014 . It is among the best-selling singles of all time worldwide , with 7.2 million copies sold , as of December 2012 . Minaj has performed the song live in a number of appearances , and it was the encore performance on the Pink Friday : Reloaded Tour . The corresponding music video was shot on Oahu Island , Hawaii . Directed by Anthony Mandler , the video features Minaj on a beach in a bikini , and near the end of the video , it shows her at a party , dancing to the song . The music video was well received by music critics , many praising the kaleidoscopic effects in the video and the carefree atmosphere . With all the success , the song has also sparked controversy surrounding a pulled live performance . The song was included in the 2012 video game Dance Central 3 and is included in the best-selling video game Just Dance 2014 . It is also one of the select few songs available on Just Dance 2014 's demo version . In September 2013 , electronic artist Clive Tanaka filed suit against Minaj and the writers of the song , claiming it infringed on his own composition and recording , `` Neu Chicago '' , but the lawsuit was later dismissed . The video for `` Starships '' also won Best Female Video at the 2012 MTV Video Music Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "72da5b07e0c96e8094081ef797b2d242", "text": "Shooting of Laquan McDonald The shooting of Laquan McDonald took place on October 20 , 2014 , in Chicago , Illinois . McDonald , in possession of a 3-inch folding knife , was shot by former Chicago Police Officer Jason Van Dyke from approximately ten feet ( 3 m ) away . After investigation , Officer Van Dyke was charged in November 2015 with first-degree murder and initially held without bail at the Cook County Jail . He was released on bail on November 30 . The city reached a settlement with McDonald 's family . Subsequent protests denounced McDonald 's death and demanded changes in police and judicial procedure , and for the dismissal or resignation of city and county officials . Cook 's County State Attorney Anita Alvarez lost her bid for re-election in 2016 , but Rahm Emanuel won a second term in 2015 as Mayor of Chicago . At the request of Illinois Attorney General Lisa Madigan , the United States Department of Justice initiated a civil rights investigation into McDonald 's death and the activities of the Chicago Police Department . It released its report in January 2017 , describing the police as having a culture of `` excessive violence , '' especially against minority suspects , and of having poor training and supervision . DOJ and city officials have signed an agreement for a plan for improvement to be overseen by the courts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3c95d6b6f0e5fc404bce953042aa238", "text": "Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film . The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ce1cca31b813e3d384d0448134693a3f", "text": "Film industry in Georgia (U.S. state) The film industry in Georgia was , in 2015 , the third largest among U.S. states , eclipsed only by California and New York State . The industry in Georgia was boosted substantially by tax incentives introduced in 2002 and strengthened in 2008 . The state government claims $ 770 million in economic impact to Georgia ( 2009 ) , while industry sources claim that the tax subsidy costs the state $ 141 million ( 2010 ) . Atlanta is the center of the film industry in Georgia with Turner , Tyler Perry and EUE/Screen Gems studios located there . There were 348 productions shot in the state in 2009 . Films shot in Georgia include Tyler Perry 's Meet the Browns ( 2008 ) , Life as We Know It ( 2010 ) , and Contagion ( 2011 ) . Atlanta has been called the `` Hollywood of the South '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "56e7f373df517aabc0103d6549e7f95c", "text": "Drumline: A New Beat Drumline : A New Beat is a 2014 American television film directed by Bille Woodruff . It is the sequel to 2002 's Drumline . The screenplay , a fictional story about a historically black college marching band , was written by Karen Gist and Regina Hicks . The story is about a young drummer from New York , played by Alexandra Shipp , who enters the fictional Atlanta A&T University and bumps heads with the leader of her new school 's drum section . Jordan Calloway , Mario Van Peebles , and LeToya Luckett co-star . Leonard Roberts reprises his role as Sean Taylor , while Nick Cannon reprise his role as Devon Miles . Cannon also serves as the film 's executive producer . The film was released to DVD on March 3 , 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "06bee763ab88bf322c23edce2ef326cd", "text": "Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards 2014 The 20th Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards honoring the best in film for 2014 were announced on December 15 , 2014 . These awards `` recognizing extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association ( DFWFCA ) , based in the Dallas -- Fort Worth metroplex region of Texas . The organization , founded in 1990 , includes 30 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications based in north Texas . The Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association began presenting its annual awards list in 1993 . Birdman was the DFWFCA 's most awarded film of 2014 , taking five top honors . Birdman won in Best Picture , Best Actor ( Michael Keaton ) , Best Director ( Alejandro G. Iñárritu ) , Best Cinematography ( Emmanuel Lubezki ) , and Best Screenplay ( Alejandro G. Iñárritu , Nicolás Giacobone , Alexander Dinelaris Jr. , and Armando Bo ) . Another film , Boyhood , earned multiple 2014 honors from the DFWFCA . The coming-of-age tale received top honors in the Best Supporting Actress ( Patricia Arquette ) as well as being presented the Russell Smith Award as the `` best low-budget or cutting-edge independent film '' of the year . The award is named in honor of late Dallas Morning News film critic Russell Smith . Reese Witherspoon was named Best Actress for her role as Cheryl Strayed in Wild . The other films earning honors were Sweden 's Force Majeure for Best Foreign Language Film , Citizenfour as Best Documentary Film , and The Lego Movie for Best Animated Film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "40473b178bb9cf4bed7e3944db256d60", "text": "Studio 7 `` Studio 7 '' was also the original developmental title for the NBC drama Studio 60 on the Sunset Strip . Studio 7 is an American game show that aired on The WB during the summer of 2004 . Studio 7 was hosted by Pat Kiernan . Each episode featured seven contestants , mostly college-age , who lived together in New York City for the four days prior to the taping . During this time , they were given some of the material on which the show would quiz them . The show was promoted as a hybrid of game shows and reality television such as The Real World . The WB originally ordered two seasons of Studio 7 , with the second season to air immediately after the first . However , the network cancelled plans for a second season during the initial run , due to low ratings .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4140e705522adbb6520bc4d344626205", "text": "Degrassi (season 14) The fourteenth and final season of Degrassi , a Canadian serial teen drama television series , premiered on October 28 , 2014 . Although only four school years have passed in the story timeline since season six , season fourteen is set during the final weeks of the spring semester in the years it aired . Writers have been able to use a semi-floating timeline , so that the issues depicted are modern for their viewers . This season again depicts the lives of a group of high school freshmen , sophomores , juniors , seniors and graduates as they deal with some of the challenges and issues that teenagers face such as teenage pregnancy , dysfunctional families , sexism , arson , sexting , sexual identity , miscarriages , anxiety disorders , drug use , child abuse , abstinence , and gang violence . The fourteenth season was announced on November 13 , 2013 . However , MTV Canada and TeenNick did not announce picking up the season until a month before the first episode was scheduled to air . Filming for the season commenced on April 11 , 2014 at Epitome Studios in Toronto . Filming continued into August , with a break before filming the final four episodes of the season in order to give Epitome the opportunity to start filming episodes for the first season of their new series . Filming for this season completed on October 6 , 2014 . On June 4 , 2015 , it was announced that Degrassi would no longer air on TeenNick or MTV Canada following the fourteenth season . However , on June 9 , 2015 , it was announced that Family Channel and Netflix had picked up the series and will air 20 new episodes in 2016 , renaming the show Degrassi : Next Class . This season featured the telenovela/soap opera format used in previous seasons , airing new episodes five days a week for the last two weeks of the season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee5f3fd9ce4a5659b4a61826101ba52e", "text": "Michael Jackson's Vision Michael Jackson 's Vision is a deluxe DVD box set by American recording artist Michael Jackson . It was released on November 22 , 2010 by Epic Records , Legacy Recordings , and Jackson 's own label , MJJ Productions . It includes three DVDs , featuring 4.5 hours of content of 42 music videos with newly restored color and remastered audio . Jackson referred to each of these productions as a `` short film '' and not a music video . This is the first time that all of Jackson 's videos have been released on DVD . According to a statement by the producers , the video recognizes Jackson 's `` pioneering short films that transformed the entertainment industry with timeless , pop culture classics '' . Disc one features videos from the albums Off the Wall , Thriller and Bad and disc two features videos from the albums Dangerous , HIStory : Past , Present and Future , Book I , Blood on the Dance Floor : HIStory in the Mix and Invincible . The third disc , which is a bonus disc , features seven videos . Michael Jackson 's Vision includes the full-length versions of the John Landis-directed `` Thriller '' and `` Black or White '' as well as the classic `` Bad '' directed by Academy Award winning filmmaker Martin Scorsese . Also included in the boxed set are Jackson 's collaborations with other noted film directors such as John Singleton , Spike Lee and David Fincher as well as `` Ghosts , '' his rarely seen collaboration with special effects legend Stan Winston . Michael Jackson 's Vision is available in a limited edition boxed set featuring a 60-page glossy hard-bound book that includes behind-the-scenes photos from Jackson 's videos , which includes information for each video including : songwriter , album , director , production date , location and photography . Ten music videos previously unavailable on DVD including `` One More Chance '' are included . It was also released on the iTunes Store and has iTunes LP features . The videos `` Smooth Criminal '' , `` Speed Demon '' , `` Come Together '' , and `` Leave Me Alone '' come from Jackson 's 1988 film Moonwalker . The `` Smooth Criminal '' segment is actually over 40 minutes long but only the 10-minute song and dance scene is featured . The video `` Another Part of Me '' is from Jackson 's Bad World Tour and `` Will You Be There '' is from the Dangerous World Tour . The `` HIStory '' video is the only short film that is not included in this box set . The original music video of `` Blood on the Dance Floor '' is replaced with the Refugee Camp Mix for unknown reasons . The videos for The Jacksons ' songs `` Torture '' and `` Body '' are also not included , because Michael did not appear in either of them , despite having a verse in each of them . Also not included is the music video for The Jacksons ' `` 2300 Jackson Street '' . On February 15 , 2011 , Michael Jackson 's Vision was certified 5 × Platinum by RIAA for the sales of over 0.5 million units in the United States . On December 31 , 2010 , it was also certified Diamond in France ( for the sales of over 60 000 units ) and 2 × Platinum in Australia . On May 29 , 2011 , it was also certified Gold in New Zealand . It has been also certified Gold in Austria and Platinum in Poland . Reception over the video and audio quality of the box set has been mixed . As the videos are played in 16:9 , videos with a 4:3 aspect ratio are pillarboxed and as a result the resolution is lower than some previous DVDs . Also , the audio is mixed in PCM stereo instead of 5.1 Surround as in many previous DVDs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d82295fe0c9929417eb83744afb7462e", "text": "The Final Chapter The Final Chapter may refer to : The Final Chapter ( Hypocrisy album ) , 1997 The Final Chapter ( C-Bo album ) The Final Chapter ( Ruff Endz album ) The Final Chapter ( Dungeon album ) All Areas -- Worldwide , a 1997 live album by Accept , released as The Final Chapter in Japan and the United States Urusei Yatsura : The Final Chapter , the fifth movie of Urusei Yatsura `` The Gathering of Five and The Final Chapter '' , a Spider-Man story-line Friday the 13th : The Final Chapter , the fourth Friday the 13th film , released in 1984 Puppet Master 5 : The Final Chapter , the fifth Puppet Master film , released in 1994 Lake Placid : The Final Chapter , the fourth Lake Placid film , released in 2012 Duets : The Final Chapter , third posthumous album by The Notorious B.I.G. , released in 2005 The Final Chapter , a 1988 anime film based on the Maison Ikkoku manga series Saw 3D : The Final Chapter , the seventh film in the Saw franchise , released in 2010 . Resident Evil : The Final Chapter , the sixth film in the Resident Evil film series , released in 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a3f41802bc375da1d475708fe85db54e", "text": "Rapid Fire (1989 film) Rapid Fire is a 1989 American action film produced by Action International Pictures and directed by David A. Prior . It was filmed in Mobile , Alabama and it is the last film appearance of Joe Spinell , who died shortly after filming ended .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d792fd2e9aaa2f4556cd962b69837af", "text": "The Seventh Fire The Seventh Fire is a 2015 American documentary film directed by Jack Pettibone Riccobono . The film follows Rob Brown , a Native American gang leader , and his 17-year old protege , Kevin Fineday Jr. , on the White Earth Indian Reservation in Minnesota . When gang leader Rob Brown is sentenced to prison for a fifth time , he must confront his role in bringing violent drug culture into his beloved American Indian community in northern Minnesota . As Rob reckons with his past , his seventeen-year-old protégé , Kevin , dreams of the future : becoming the most powerful and feared Native gangster on the reservation . The title of the film refers to the Ojibwe Seven fires prophecy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b259887db7806f3f5e307e88e4cf3659", "text": "List of accolades received by Star Wars: The Force Awakens Star Wars : The Force Awakens is a 2015 epic space opera film directed , co-produced , and co-written by J. J. Abrams . The seventh installment in the main Star Wars film series , and first of three in Star Wars sequel trilogy , it stars Harrison Ford , Mark Hamill , Carrie Fisher , Adam Driver , Daisy Ridley , John Boyega , Oscar Isaac , Lupita Nyong ` o , Andy Serkis , Domhnall Gleeson , Anthony Daniels , and Max von Sydow . The Force Awakens is set 30 years after Return of the Jedi ; it follows Rey , Finn , and Poe Dameron 's search for Luke Skywalker and their fight alongside the Resistance , led by veterans of the Rebel Alliance , against Kylo Ren and the First Order , a successor group to the Galactic Empire . The Force Awakens was premiered by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures in Los Angeles on December 14 , and was released in United States and Canada on December 18 , 2015 . The Force Awakens opened across 14,300 theaters , breaking numerous box-office records and became the first film to earn more than $ 100 million worldwide in a single day . The film grossed a worldwide total of over $ 2 billion on a production budget of $ 306 million becoming the highest-grossing release of 2015 , and the fastest film to earn $ 1 billion worldwide , doing so in twelve-days . The Force Awakens became the third film in history to surpass $ 2 billion worldwide ( after Avatar ( 2009 ) and Titanic ( 1997 ) ) , doing so on its 53rd day of release . Rotten Tomatoes , a review aggregator , surveyed 360 reviews and judged 92 percent to be positive . The Force Awakens garnered many awards and nominations in a variety of categories with particular praise for Abrams ' direction , its action sequences , visual effects , editing and Ridley 's and Boyega 's performances . Several awards held their nominations before the December release of The Force Awakens , making the film ineligible for the 73rd Golden Globe Awards and some other awards ceremonies . However , the film was added to the 21st Critics ' Choice Awards 's slate of best picture nominees after a special vote by the board of directors , and the announcement of the 2015 American Film Institute Awards was delayed until after the release of film , where it was named one of Top Ten Films of the year . The Force Awakens received five nominations at the 88th Academy Awards as Best Original Score , Best Sound Editing , Best Sound Mixing , Best Film Editing and Best Visual Effects . The film garnered four nominations at 69th British Academy Film Awards , and won for Best Special Visual Effects and a special BAFTA Rising Star Award for John Boyega . At the 21st Empire Awards , the film received nine nominations and won five including Best Sci-Fi/Fantasy Film , and Best Director for J.J. Abrams . The Force Awakens became the most nominated film in Saturn Awards history with total of thirteen nominations at 42nd Saturn Awards and won eight including Best Science Fiction Film , Best Director and Best Special Effects . The film received seven nominations from the Visual Effects Society , winning four including Outstanding Visual Effects in an Effects Driven Feature Motion Picture . Star Wars : The Force Awakens received eleven nominations at MTV Movie Awards , the most for the ceremony and won three including Movie of the Year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aeae9a32656b3843d5450e9a0bd392ad", "text": "I (film) I ( also known as Shankar 's I ) is a 2015 Indian Tamil-language romantic thriller film written and directed by Shankar and co-written by Subha . Produced and distributed by V. Ravichandran under his production company , Aascar Films , the film features Vikram and Amy Jackson in lead roles while Suresh Gopi , Upen Patel , Santhanam and Ramkumar Ganesan portray pivotal roles . The soundtrack and film score were composed by A. R. Rahman . Production design was handled by T. Muthuraj . P. C. Sreeram was the film 's cinematographer and editing was done by Anthony . The visual effects were designed by V. Srinivas Mohan through Rising Sun Pictures . Weta Workshop had worked on the digital and prosthetic make-up and background arts for the film . Principal photography commenced on 15 July 2012 . The filming lasted for two years and eight months , during which shooting was done extensively in China . Further schedules were filmed in locations in Chennai , Bangkok , Jodhpur , Kodaikanal , Pollachi , Bangalore and Mysore . The film was dubbed and released in Telugu and Hindi along with the Tamil version . The film , released on Pongal 2015 , tells the story of a body builder turned supermodel , played by Vikram , who after being deformed , exacts revenge upon those who were responsible for his predicament . Critics praised Vikram 's performance , the technical aspects of the film - especially the costume design and makeup , and A.R. Rahman 's soundtrack and score but criticised the ` wafer-thin ' writing and screenplay and the film 's excessive length ( 188 minutes ) . However , the film was a commercial success , grossing worldwide , becoming the fourth-highest grossing Tamil film and Vikram 's highest-grossing film at the time . Vikram won the Filmfare Award for Best Actor -- Tamil for the movie .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1aa830704be9a935709ea39c89e15249", "text": "Cinematic (Illy album) Cinematic is the fourth studio album by Australian rapper Illy , first released in November 2013 through ONETWO records . Recorded at M-Phazes ' studio in Melbourne , Australia the album serves as Illy 's first release under his independent label , ONETWO and includes collaborations with Hilltop Hoods , Drapht , Daniel Merriweather and Kira Puru among others . During one particular interview , Illy commented on the album by saying , `` This will be my fourth album in five years ; I 've learned a lot and directed this experience into Cinematic . The concepts are tighter , the hooks are more finessed and the beats are off the chart ! '' Cinematic was a critical and commercial success upon release , garnering positive reviews from most critics and debuting and peaking at number-four on the Australian ARIA Albums Chart , thus becoming Illy 's first top five album and his highest charting studio release to date . The album was certified gold by the Australian Recording Industry Association for shipments exceeding 35,000 copies . In October 2014 , Cinematic received an ARIA Award nomination in the `` Best Urban Album '' category . However , it lost to the Hilltop Hoods ' Walking Under Stars . Cinematic was preceded by the singles , `` On & On '' , `` Youngbloods '' and `` Cinematic '' , with the second single debuting and peaking at number thirty-eight on the Australian ARIA Singles Chart , thereby becoming Illy 's first top forty hit . The album 's fourth single , `` Tightrope '' meanwhile , became Illy 's most successful release ( album or single ) to date , peaking at number eighteen on the Australian ARIA Singles Chart and attaining a platinum certification . The album was re-released on 21 November 2014 under the title Cinematic : Uncut , including six new tracks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3306117aa28a9631077b9ff43cfdd38a", "text": "'71 (film) '71 is a 2014 British historical thriller film set in Northern Ireland , written by Gregory Burke and directed by Yann Demange . It stars Jack O'Connell , Sean Harris , David Wilmot , Richard Dormer , Paul Anderson and Charlie Murphy , and tells the story of a British soldier who becomes separated from his unit during a riot in Belfast at the height of the Troubles in 1971 . Filming began on location in Blackburn , Lancashire , in April 2013 and continued in Sheffield and Liverpool . The film was funded by the British Film Institute , Film4 , Creative Scotland and Screen Yorkshire . The film had its premiere in the competition section of the 64th Berlin International Film Festival , held in February 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "44714e47ad207a7b5e487c95d07762d1", "text": "Wiz Khalifa Cameron Jibril Thomaz ( born September 8 , 1987 ) , better known by his stage name Wiz Khalifa , is an American rapper , songwriter , and actor . He released his debut album , Show and Prove , in 2006 , and signed to Warner Bros. . Records in 2007 . His Eurodance-influenced single , `` Say Yeah '' , received urban radio airplay , charting on the Rhythmic Top 40 and Hot Rap Tracks charts in 2008 . Khalifa parted with Warner Bros. and released his second album , Deal or No Deal , in November 2009 . He released the mixtape Kush and Orange Juice as a free download in April 2010 ; he then signed with Atlantic Records . He is also well known for his debut single for Atlantic , `` Black and Yellow '' , which peaked at number one on the Billboard Hot 100 . His debut album for the label , Rolling Papers , was released on March 29 , 2011 . He followed that album with O.N.I.F.C. on December 4 , 2012 , which was backed by the singles `` Work Hard , Play Hard '' and `` Remember You '' . Wiz released his fourth album Blacc Hollywood on August 18 , 2014 , backed by the lead single `` We Dem Boyz '' . In March 2015 , he released `` See You Again '' for the soundtrack of the film Furious 7 and the song peaked at number one on the Billboard Hot 100 for 12 non-consecutive weeks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2636249a661d3235a10ac9722f9ffa0e", "text": "The Fast and the Furious (2001 film) The Fast and the Furious is a 2001 American-German action crime film directed by Rob Cohen , produced by Neal H. Moritz and written by Gary Scott Thompson and David Ayer . It is the first installment in the The Fast and the Furious franchise . The film stars Vin Diesel , Paul Walker , Michelle Rodriguez , Jordana Brewster , Rick Yune , Chad Lindberg , Johnny Strong , and Matt Schulze . The film follows undercover cop Brian O'Conner , who is tasked with stopping a group of unknown hijackers using high-performance racecars to hijack 18-wheelers . Inspiration for the film was sought through a Vibe magazine article titled `` Racer X '' , which detailed the illegal street racing circuit operating within New York City . Filming locations include New York City and New England , with a majority of the film being shot in southern California . The Fast and the Furious was released on June 22 , 2001 , grossing over $ 207 million worldwide from an estimated $ 38 million budget . It was later re-released on June 22 , 2016 , to celebrate its 15th anniversary . It has a 53 % approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes , which called it `` sleek and shiny on the surface '' in its critical consensus . The Fast and the Furious launched a franchise of sequels , starting with 2 Fast 2 Furious in 2003 , followed by The Fast and the Furious : Tokyo Drift in 2006 , Fast & Furious in 2009 , Fast Five in 2011 , Fast & Furious 6 in 2013 , Furious 7 in 2015 , and The Fate of the Furious in 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd3c673983155274d991e48586ab93d5", "text": "List of accolades received by Gone Girl (film) Gone Girl is a 2014 psychological thriller film directed by David Fincher , and produced by Leslie Dixon , Bruna Papandrea , Arnon Milchan , Reese Witherspoon , Ceán Chaffin , and Joshua Donen . The screenplay was adapted by Gillian Flynn from her eponymous 2012 novel . Set in Missouri , United States , the film stars Ben Affleck as Nick Dunne , a writer who becomes the prime suspect in the mysterious disappearance of his wife Amy , played by Rosamund Pike . Neil Patrick Harris and Tyler Perry feature in supporting roles . The score was composed by Trent Reznor and Atticus Ross . Gone Girl premiered at the New York Film Festival on September 26 , 2014 , before 20th Century Fox gave the film a wide release at over 3,000 theaters in the United States and Canada on October 3 . It grossed over $ 368 million on a production budget of $ 61 million . As of June 2016 , Gone Girl is Fincher 's highest-grossing film . Rotten Tomatoes , a review aggregator , surveyed 295 reviews and judged 88 % to be positive . Gone Girl garnered awards and nominations in a variety of categories with particular praise for its direction , Pike 's lead acting performance , Flynn 's screenplay , and its score . At the 87th Academy Awards , Pike received a nomination for Best Actress . The film received four nominations at the 72nd Golden Globe Awards : Best Director for Fincher , Best Actress in a Drama for Pike , Best Screenplay for Flynn , and Best Original Score . Pike won the Empire Award for Best Actress , and garnered nominations in the same category at the 21st Screen Actors Guild Awards and 68th British Academy Film Awards ( BAFTAs ) . She also received the Breakthrough Performance Award from the Palm Springs International Film Festival . Flynn was nominated at the BAFTAs , as well as the Writers Guild of America Awards . The National Board of Review included the film in their list of top ten films of the year .", "title": "" } ]
fever
18407faa0b3699f9cd35cef57d6cb0ee
Philip Seymour Hoffman has an Award.
[ { "docid": "1239cc32183df757aa654dd098768827", "text": "Philip Seymour Hoffman Philip Seymour Hoffman ( July 23 , 1967 -- February 2 , 2014 ) was an American actor , director , and producer of film and theater . Best known for his distinctive supporting and character roles -- typically lowlifes , bullies , and misfits -- Hoffman made many films from the early 1990s until his death at age 46 . Drawn to theater as a teenager , Hoffman studied acting at New York University 's Tisch School of the Arts . He began his screen career in a 1991 episode of Law & Order and started to appear in films in 1992 . He gained recognition for his supporting work , notably in Boogie Nights ( 1997 ) , Happiness ( 1998 ) , Patch Adams ( 1998 ) , The Big Lebowski ( 1998 ) , Magnolia ( 1999 ) , The Talented Mr. Ripley ( 1999 ) , Almost Famous ( 2000 ) , Punch-Drunk Love ( 2002 ) , and Along Came Polly ( 2004 ) . He began to occasionally play leading roles , and for his portrayal of the author Truman Capote in Capote ( 2005 ) , won multiple accolades including the Academy Award for Best Actor . Hoffman 's profile continued to grow , and he received three more Oscar nominations for his supporting work as a brutally frank CIA officer in Charlie Wilson 's War ( 2007 ) , a priest accused of pedophilia in Doubt ( 2008 ) , and the charismatic leader of a Scientology-type movement in The Master ( 2012 ) . While he mainly worked in independent films , including The Savages ( 2007 ) and Synecdoche , New York ( 2008 ) , Hoffman also appeared in Hollywood blockbusters , such as Twister ( 1996 ) and Mission : Impossible III ( 2006 ) , and in one of his final roles , as Plutarch Heavensbee in the Hunger Games series ( 2013 -- 15 ) . The feature Jack Goes Boating ( 2010 ) marked his debut as a filmmaker . Hoffman was also an accomplished theater actor and director . He joined the off-Broadway LAByrinth Theater Company in 1995 , where he directed , produced , and appeared in numerous stage productions . His performances in three Broadway plays -- True West ( 2000 ) , Long Day 's Journey into Night ( 2003 ) , and Death of a Salesman ( 2012 ) -- all led to Tony Award nominations . Hoffman struggled with drug addiction as a young adult , and relapsed in 2013 after many years of sobriety . In February 2014 , he was found dead with a syringe of heroin still in his arm , but the official cause of death was combined drug intoxication -- an unexpected event that was widely lamented in the film and theater industries . Remembered for his fearlessness in playing reprehensible characters , and for bringing depth and humanity to such roles , Hoffman was described in his New York Times obituary as `` perhaps the most ambitious and widely admired American actor of his generation '' .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "4d3f56123540da179ece607c09c505eb", "text": "48th Academy Awards The 48th Academy Awards were presented March 29 , 1976 at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion , Los Angeles . The ceremonies were presided over by Walter Matthau , Robert Shaw , George Segal , Goldie Hawn , and Gene Kelly . This year , ABC took over broadcast rights from NBC , and continues to broadcast them today . ( NBC 's coverage of the 1976 NCAA Final Four aired opposite the ceremony ; during the presentation of the Best Film Editing award , the winner was jokingly announced ( by presenter Elliott Gould ) as `` Indiana , 86 -- 68 '' ; the Indiana Hoosiers had won the NCAA Final Four that night . ) Miloš Forman 's One Flew Over the Cuckoo 's Nest made a `` clean sweep '' of the major categories : Best Picture , Best Actor , Best Actress , Best Director and Best Screenplay ( Adapted ) . It was the second of three films to date to accomplish the sweep , following It Happened One Night in 1934 and preceding The Silence of the Lambs in 1991 . French actress Isabelle Adjani received her first nomination for Best Actress this year , making Adjani , 20 at the time , the youngest actress to be nominated in the leading actress category , breaking the record set by 22-year-old Elizabeth Hartman in 1967 . This record would later be surpassed by 13-year-old Keisha Castle-Hughes in 2004 , and again in 2013 by nine-year old Quvenzhane Wallis . Adjani also presented the Best Film Editing award that night along with Gould who delivered the Indiana joke during the presentation . At age 80 , George Burns became the oldest acting and Best Supporting Actor awardee , a record which stood until Jessica Tandy won Best Actress in 1989 . For males , Burns was succeeded by Christopher Plummer , who won Best Supporting Actor in 2012 for Beginners at the age of 82 . Jaws was followed 25 years later by Traffic for a film that won all its nominations except Best Picture . Jaws is one of the few films to be nominated for Best Picture but not for directing , acting , or writing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dff3afb9cc207bc396c07c1ecb151bab", "text": "3rd Empire Awards The 3rd Empire Awards ceremony , presented by the British film magazine Empire , honored the best films of 1997 and took place in 1998 . During the ceremony , Empire presented Empire Awards in nine categories as well as one honorary award . The awards were sponsored by Stella Artois for the first time . All of the winners this year won one award each . The Full Monty won the award for Best British Film , while Men in Black won the award for Best Film . Other winners included A Life Less Ordinary , Hamlet , Jerry Maguire , L.A. Confidential , Nil by Mouth , The Crucible and The English Patient . Dennis Hopper received the Lifetime Achievement Award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4389b02cdbcb2df2d990a318243983c8", "text": "Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Screenplay The Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Screenplay is one of the annual awards given by the Chicago Film Critics Association .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18a75c5ad0c17a861ba966e0fbe71d59", "text": "BAFTA Award for Best Film The BAFTA Award for Best Film is given annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts and presented at the British Academy Film Awards . It has been given since the 1st BAFTA Awards , representing the best films of 1947 , but until 1969 it was called the BAFTA Award for Best Film From Any Source . It is possible for films from any country to be nominated , although British films are also recognised in the category BAFTA Award for Best British Film and ( since 1983 ) foreign-language films in BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language . As such , there have been multiple occasions of a film being nominated in two of these categories . There has been one tie for the Best Film award when , in 1962 , Ballad of a Soldier tied with The Hustler for Best Film from any Source . Until 1981 , the award was given to the director , except in 1976 and 1977 , when it was given to the producers . From 1981 to 1985 , it was given solely to the producers , and then in 1986 , it was shared between the Director and Producer . In 1998 , it was once again given to only the producers . In the following lists , the titles and names in bold with a dark grey background are the winners and recipients respectively ; those not in bold are the nominees . The years given are those in which the films under consideration were released , not the year of the ceremony , which always takes place the following year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4e33e0783b7bc602829680867a7521a", "text": "Los Angeles Drama Critics Circle Award The Los Angeles Drama Critics Circle Awards is an annual awards program presented by the Los Angeles Drama Critics Circle ( LADCC ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f898b20442bf87a815ad9386312d10e2", "text": "Jerzy Hoffman Jerzy Hoffman ( -LSB- ˈjɛʐɨ ˈxɔfman -RSB- ; born March 15 , 1932 ) is a Polish film director and screenwriter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ac15bbc56715bc55dcc6de3bda402349", "text": "César Award for Best Original Screenplay The César Award for Best Original Screenplay ( César du meilleur scénario original ) is an award presented by the Académie des Arts et Techniques du Cinéma . It was initially awarded from 1983 to 1985 , and then awarded again in 2006 , when the original category ( César Award for Best Writing ) was split into two awards , the other being César Award for Best Adaptation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7b36edb26af2e5763ae6c9243952d273", "text": "Toronto Film Critics Association Award for Best Film The Toronto Film Critics Association Award for Best Film is one of the annual awards given by the Toronto Film Critics Association .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2ce6144f21aedd6c0904ef060cc9b80e", "text": "The Verdict The Verdict is a 1982 American courtroom drama film starring Paul Newman , Charlotte Rampling , Jack Warden , James Mason , Milo O'Shea and Lindsay Crouse . The film , which was directed by Sidney Lumet , was adapted by David Mamet from the novel by Barry Reed . It is about a down-on-his-luck alcoholic lawyer who takes a medical malpractice case to improve his own situation , but discovers along the way that he is doing the right thing . The Verdict garnered critical acclaim and box office success . The film was nominated for five Academy Awards , including Best Actor in a Leading Role ( Paul Newman ) , Best Actor in a Supporting Role ( James Mason ) , Best Director ( Sidney Lumet ) , Best Picture and Best Adapted Screenplay ( David Mamet ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9ec08068b8ed97a31081912ea808b57a", "text": "San Diego Film Critics Society Award for Best Editing The San Diego Film Critics Society Award for Best ( Film ) Editing is an award given by the San Diego Film Critics Society to honor the finest directing achievements in filmmaking .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "752227b3b7a63d61f5f2d679802fae77", "text": "Golden Boot Awards The Golden Boot Awards is an American acknowledgment of achievement honoring actors , actresses , and crew members who have made significant contributions to the genre of Western television and movies . The award is sponsored and presented by the Motion Picture & Television Fund . Money raised at the award banquet is used to help finance various services offered by the Fund to those in the entertainment industry . Actor Pat Buttram conceived the idea of the Golden Boot Award , and the first ones were presented in 1983 . The awards appear to have been discontinued since 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1445773c08da50707979a85167e4edf4", "text": "Houston Film Critics Society Awards 2010 The 4th Houston Film Critics Society Awards were presented on December 18 , 2010 . These awards for `` extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Houston Film Critics Society ( HFCS ) based in Houston , Texas . The organization , founded in 2007 , includes 22 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications in the greater Houston area . The awards are co-sponsored by the Houston Film Commission , Southwest Alternate Media Project , Women in Film and Television/Houston , WorldFest , and the Houston Cinema Arts Society . The nominations for the 2010 awards were announced on December 12 , 2010 . Eligible films do not need to have played or opened in a Houston film theater prior to the nomination deadline , merely made available to the HFCS membership at a screening or on DVD . Along with the 13 `` best of '' category awards , this year also saw the introduction of a new category for `` Worst Movies of the Year '' . The Social Network , True Grit , and 127 Hours each received six nominations , all including the Best Picture , Actor , Direction , and Original Score categories . The Social Network was the HFCS 's most awarded film of 2010 taking top honors in the Best Picture , Best Director ( David Fincher ) , Best Actor ( Jesse Eisenberg ) , and Best Screenplay ( Aaron Sorkin ) categories . Inception was the only other film to garner multiple awards , winning both the Best Original Score ( Hans Zimmer ) and Best Cinematography ( Wally Pfister ) prizes . The other acting awards went to Natalie Portman as Best Actress for Black Swan , Hailee Steinfeld as Best Supporting Actress for True Grit , and Christian Bale as Best Supporting Actor for The Fighter . The remaining film honors went to Toy Story 3 as Best Animated Film , Restrepo as Best Documentary , and The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo as Best Foreign Language Film . `` We Are Sex Bob-Omb '' by Beck from Scott Pilgrim vs. the World was named the Best Original Song . The HFCS 's first-ever award for `` Worst Picture '' was given to Jonah Hex starring Josh Brolin . In addition to the category awards , the HFCS presented their annual Lifetime Achievement Award to Sissy Spacek and its Humanitarian Award to George Clooney . Clooney was selected for `` selflessly using his celebrity for greater good '' . The HFCS award for Outstanding Achievement in Cinema awards were presented to Charles Dove , director of the Rice University Media Center , and Hector Luna , the founder and editor of C-47 Houston .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c2f49108d88ce72b029acc0d3f6cefe7", "text": "San Diego Film Critics Society Award for Best Film The San Diego Film Critics Society Award for Best Film ( or Picture ) is an award given by the San Diego Film Critics Society to honor the best film of the year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a56ecd2b07d430a364f44ba3fad5be70", "text": "Restoration (1995 film) Restoration is a 1995 American historical drama film directed by Michael Hoffman . It stars Robert Downey , Jr. as a 17th-century medical student exploited by the king . The film , which is based on the novel of the same title by Rose Tremain , was filmed in Wales and won two Academy Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "57fa02595e2d219579ab7e8c4afddfd8", "text": "52nd Academy Awards The 52nd Academy Awards were presented April 14 , 1980 , at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in Los Angeles . The ceremonies were presided over by Johnny Carson who , in noting the long duration of the production , joked that President Jimmy Carter was working hard for their `` release '' from the ceremonies , a clear reference to the Iranian hostage crisis . Among the nominees for Best Supporting Actor were 8 year-old Justin Henry -- the youngest Best Supporting Actor nominee ever -- and 79-year-old Melvyn Douglas . This was the largest age difference between two competing actors in Oscar history until 2013 . Ironically , their age difference was partially the reason why Douglas did not attend the Oscars that night , despite winning the award . Henry was nominated for Kramer vs. Kramer , which out of its eight other nominations , finished with five awards , including Best Picture , Best Director for Robert Benton , and Best Actor for Dustin Hoffman .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6620828ce45de69990112f3dcfe31176", "text": "Critics' Circle Award for Distinguished Service to the Arts Each year since 1988 The Critics ' Circle has presented an award for Distinguished Service to the Arts , voted for by all members of the Circle , embracing Dance , Drama , Film , Music , Visual Arts and Architecture . This performing arts Award takes the form of an engraved crystal rose bowl , presented at a celebratory luncheon . The recipients were : 1988 Sir Peter Hall 1989 Dame Ninette de Valois 1990 Sir Michael Tippett 1991 Sir David Lean 1992 Sir John Mills 1993 Sir Peter Ustinov 1994 Sir John Drummond 1995 Sir Peter Wright 1996 Sir Richard Eyre 1997 Dame Judi Dench 1998 Sir Edward Downes 1999 Harold Pinter 2000 Dame Alicia Markova 2001 Paul Scofield 2002 Sir Alfred Brendel 2003 Sir Ian McKellen 2004 Mike Leigh 2005 Alan Bennett 2006 Dame Helen Mirren 2007 Sir Tom Stoppard 2008 Peter Brook 2009 Sir Alan Ayckbourn 2010 Ken Loach 2011 Stephen Sondheim 2013 Grayson Perry 2014 Sir Nicholas Hytner 2015 Dame Maggie Smith Category : Performing arts awards", "title": "" }, { "docid": "08457daae1a4893dbe3cf42bcaad6c69", "text": "Seymour Cassel Seymour Joseph Cassel ( born January 22 , 1935 ) is an American actor . Cassel first came to prominence in the 1960s in the pioneering independent films of writer/director John Cassavetes . The first of these was Too Late Blues ( 1961 ) , followed by Faces ( 1968 ) , for which he was nominated for an Academy Award and won a National Society of Film Critics Award . Cassel went on to appear in Cassavetes ' Minnie and Moskowitz ( 1971 ) , The Killing of a Chinese Bookie ( 1976 ) , Opening Night ( 1977 ) and Love Streams ( 1984 ) . He has further appeared in a number of independent and Hollywood film productions . Notable titles include Coogan 's Bluff ( 1968 ) , The Last Tycoon ( 1976 ) , Valentino ( 1977 ) , Johnny Be Good ( 1988 ) , Mobsters ( 1991 ) , In the Soup ( 1992 ) , Honeymoon in Vegas ( 1992 ) , Indecent Proposal ( 1993 ) , Beer League ( 2006 ) and Fort McCoy ( 2011 ) . Like Cassavetes , Wes Anderson has frequently cast Cassel , first in Rushmore ( 1998 ) and then in The Royal Tenenbaums ( 2001 ) and The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou ( 2004 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d4b8f1aba9dc803d1cf199d65be6e3e6", "text": "Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play The Tony Award for Best Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role in a Play is an honor presented at the Tony Awards , a ceremony established in 1947 as the Antoinette Perry Awards for Excellence in Theatre , to actors for quality leading roles in a Broadway play . The awards are named after Antoinette Perry , an American actress who died in 1946 . Honors in several categories are presented at the ceremony annually by the Tony Award Productions , a joint venture of The Broadway League and the American Theatre Wing , to `` honor the best performances and stage productions of the previous year . '' Despite the award first being presented in 1947 , there were no nominees announced until 1956 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5b91b87c40163c3e507f43714df57fc1", "text": "Gordon E. Sawyer Award The Gordon E. Sawyer Award is an Honorary Award given by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences to `` an individual in the motion picture industry whose technological contributions have brought credit to the industry . '' The award is named in honour of Gordon E. Sawyer , the former Sound Director at Samuel Goldwyn Studio and three-time Academy Award winner who claimed that a listing of past Academy Awards , arranged both chronologically and by category , represents a history of the development of motion pictures . It was first presented at the 54th Academy Awards , in April 1982 . The Gordon E. Sawyer Award is voted upon and given by the Scientific and Technical Awards Committee of the Academy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0336a0d807a705d458f857549cddab0a", "text": "Online Film Critics Society Award for Best Picture The Online Film Critics Society Award for Best Picture is an annual film award given by the Online Film Critics Society to honor the best picture of the year .", "title": "" } ]
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9684b29041232f7b6ddb8e636f656657
Bal Gangadhar Tilak was born in 1856.
[ { "docid": "4ac22ce7a8de567bb07fc56d54d6b322", "text": "Bal Gangadhar Tilak Bal Gangadhar Tilak ( or Lokmanya Tilak , ; 23 July 1856 -- 1 August 1920 ) , born as Keshav Gangadhar Tilak , was an Indian nationalist , teacher , social reformer , lawyer and an independence activist . He was the first leader of the Indian Independence Movement . The British colonial authorities called him `` Father of the Indian unrest . '' He was also conferred with the title of `` Lokmanya '' , which means `` accepted by the people ( as their leader ) '' . Tilak was one of the first and strongest advocates of Swaraj ( `` self-rule '' ) and a strong radical in Indian consciousness . He is known for his quote in Marathi , '' स्वराज्य हा माझा जन्मसिद्ध हक्क आहे आणि तो मी मिळवणारच '' ( `` Swarajya is my birthright and I shall have it ! '' ) in India . He formed a close alliance with many Indian National Congress leaders including Bipin Chandra Pal , Lala Lajpat Rai , Aurobindo Ghose , V. O. Chidambaram Pillai and Muhammad Ali Jinnah .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "8997874683a44ff3c78ca06e4a2085c0", "text": "Ashutosh Mukherjee Sir Ashutosh Mukherjee , CSI originally spelt as Sir Asutosh Mookerjee ( 29 June 1864 -- 25 May 1924 ) was a prolific Bengali educator and the second Indian Vice-Chancellor of the University of Calcutta for four consecutive two-year terms ( 1906 -- 1914 ) and a fifth two-year term ( 1921 -- 23 ) . Perhaps the most emphatic figure of Indian education , he was a man of great personality , high self-respect , courage and towering administrative ability . He became the first student to be awarded a dual degree ( MA in Mathematics and Physics ) from Calcutta University and received the prestigious Premchand-Roychand scholarship . Mukherjee was responsible for the foundation of the Bengal Technical Institute in 1906 and the College of Science of the Calcutta University in 1914 and also played a vital role in the founding of the University College of Law . The Calcutta Mathematical Society was also founded by Mukherjee in 1908 and he served as the president of the Society from 1908 to 1923 . He was also the president of the inaugural session of the Indian Science Congress in 1914 . The Ashutosh College was also founded under his stewardship in 1916 , when he was Vice-chancellor of University of Calcutta . Ashutosh Mukherjee was knighted in 1911 for his contributions to education in India . He was often called `` Banglar Bagh '' meaning the `` Tiger of Bengal '' for his high self-esteem , courage , academic integrity and a general intransigent attitude towards the British Government . Sir Ashutosh Mukherjee died in 1924 at Patna , Bihar . His son Syama Prasad Mookerjee founded the Bharatiya Jana Sangh .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e9afc30c6c8c8ce2797840fb5ce13ecc", "text": "Political history of Sri Aurobindo Aurobindo 's political career lasted only four years , from 1906 to 1910 . Though he had been active behind the scene surveying , organizing and supporting the nationalist cause , ever since his return to India , especially during his excursions to Bengal . This period of his activity from 1906-1910 saw a complete transformation of India 's political scene . Before Aurobindo began publishing his views , the Congress was an annual debating society whose rare victories had been instances of the empire taking a favourable view to its petitions . By the time Aurobindo left the field , the ideal of political independence had been firmly ingrained into the minds of people , and nineteen years later , it became the official raison d'être of the Congress . This change was affected by the advent of the aggressive nationalist thought of Lokmanya Tilak who declared that swaraj was his birthright and Bipin Chandra Pal who demanded `` complete autonomy '' from Britain . However none went as far as Aurobindo in articulating the legitimacy and necessity of complete independence . He `` based his claim for freedom for India on the inherent right to freedom , not on any charge of misgovernment or oppression '' . He wrote :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f3948cc8ce58560e328bbfcc74452ba6", "text": "Reserve Bank of India The Reserve Bank of India ( RBI ) is India 's central banking institution , which controls the monetary policy of the Indian rupee . It commenced its operations on 1 April 1935 during the British Rule in accordance with the provisions of the Reserve Bank of India Act , 1934 . The original share capital was divided into shares of 100 each fully paid , which were initially owned entirely by private shareholders . Following India 's independence on 15 August 1947 , the RBI was nationalised on 1 January 1949 . The RBI plays an important part in the Development Strategy of the Government of India . It is a member bank of the Asian Clearing Union . The general superintendence and direction of the RBI is entrusted with the 21-member Central Board of Directors : the Governor , 4 Deputy Governors , 2 Finance Ministry representatives , 10 government-nominated directors to represent important elements of India 's economy , and 4 directors to represent local boards headquartered at Mumbai , Kolkata , Chennai and New Delhi . Each of these local boards consists of 5 members who represent regional interests , the interests of co-operative and indigenous banks . A Central Bank is an independent apex monetary authority which regulates banks and provides important financial services like storing of foreign exchange reserves , control of inflation , monetary policy report . A Central Bank is known by different names in different countries . The functions of a Central Bank vary from country to country and are autonomous or quasi-autonomous body and perform or through another agency vital monetary functions in the country . A central bank is a vital financial apex institution of an economy and the key objects of central banks may differ from country to country still they perform activities and functions with the goal of maintaining economic stability and growth of an economy . The bank is also active in promoting financial inclusion policy and is a leading member of the Alliance for Financial Inclusion ( AFI ) . The bank is often referred to by the name Mint Street .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d050c64ccb42880acaae4db7f99c48cc", "text": "Syama Prasad Mukherjee Shyama Prasad Mukherjee alternatively spelt as Syama Prasad Mookerjee ( 6 July 1901 -- 23 June 1953 ) was an Indian politician , barrister and academician , who served as Minister for Industry and Supply in Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru 's cabinet . After falling out with Nehru , Mukherjee quit the Indian National Congress and founded the right wing nationalist Bharatiya Jana Sangh ( which would later evolve into BJP ) in 1951 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8f8ca4f4d64fb15c59a63e7ad91b08fb", "text": "1860 in India Events in the year 1860 in India .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d8a5cb26f1077d89e239eaa593b9774", "text": "Pollution of the Ganges Pollution of the Ganges ( or Ganga ) , the largest river in India , poses significant threats to human health and the larger environment . Severely polluted with human waste and industrial contaminants , the river provides water to about 40 % of India 's population across 11 states , serving an estimated population of 500 million people or more , more than any other river in the world . Today , Ganges is considered to be the fifth most polluted river in the world . Raghubir Singh has noted that no one in India spoke of the Ganges as polluted until the late 1970s . However , pollution has been an old and continuous process in the river as by the time people were finally speaking of the Ganges as polluted , stretches of over six hundred kilometers were essentially ecologically dead zones . A number of initiatives have been undertaken to clean the river but failed to deliver desired results . After getting elected , India 's Prime minister Narendra Modi affirmed to work in cleaning the river and controlling pollution . Subsequently , the Namami Ganga project was announced by the government in the July 2014 budget . An estimated Rs 2,958 Crores have been spent till July 2016 in various efforts in cleaning up of the river .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "44349e4e2a9641bcb8bc57f9f0c0d237", "text": "Sri Prakasa Sri Prakasa ( 3 August 1890 -- 23 June 1971 ) was an Indian politician , freedom-fighter and administrator . He served as India 's first High Commissioner to Pakistan from 1947 to 1949 , Governor of Assam from 1949 to 1950 , Governor of Madras from 1952 to 1956 and Governor of Bombay from 1956 to 1962 . Sri Prakasa was born in Varanasi in 1890 . In his early days , he participated in the Indian independence movement and was jailed . After India 's independence , he served as an administrator and cabinet minister . Sri Prakasa died in 1971 at the age of 80 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "162d3ac2e9ecfa156a2340af2322692b", "text": "Banni Grasslands Reserve Banni Grasslands Reserve or Banni grasslands form a belt of arid grassland ecosystem on the outer southern edge of the desert of the marshy salt flats of Rann of Kutch in Kutch District , Gujarat State , India . They are known for rich wildlife and biodiversity and are spread across an area of 3,847 square kilometres . They are currently legally protected under the status as a protected or reserve forest in India . Though declared a protected forest more than half a century ago Gujarat state 's forest department has recently proposed a special plan to restore and manage this ecosystem in the most efficient way . Wildlife Institute of India ( WII ) has identified this grassland reserve as one of the last remaining habitats of the cheetah in India and a possible reintroduction site for the species . The word ` Banni ' comes from Hindi and Sanskrit word ` banai ' , meaning made . The land here was formed from the sediments that were deposited by the Indus and other rivers over thousands of years . Old villagers from this region say that before the 1819 Rann of Kutch earthquake , the river Indus flowed right through banni and the local farmers reaped a rich harvest of crops like red rice and sindhi chookha etc. , red rice was the staple diet of the people of the region and it was even recommended by medical practitioners as a ` light diet ' for ailing people . However , since the earthquake of 1819 the river Indus changed its course and now flows through Sindh in neighbouring country of Pakistan effectively turning this entire region arid . Banni grassland is peculiar to the Rann of Kutch , it has some forty Sindhi speaking Maldhari ( cattle breeders ) hamlets , home to the Halaypotra , Hingora , Hingorja , Jat and Mutwa tribes . It was first declared a `` protected forest '' in May 1955 , using the nomenclature of the Indian Forest Act , 1927 . Since then , the actual transfer of the land from the Revenue department to the Forest department has not been completed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a5f257c2d487eed7c47fff7b9943eaf", "text": "Bharat Ram Meghwal Bharat Ram Meghwal ( born 11 Jan 1956 ) is an Indian Politician belonging to the Indian National Congress.He was elected to the Lok Sabha , lower house of the Parliament of India from Ganganagar Rajasthan in 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "066de4e3e82d9e8238cdeabe20e4ff93", "text": "Shapland Hugh Swinny Shapland Hugh Swinny ( 30 January 1857 , Dublin -- 31 August 1923 , London ) was an Irish economist and Comtean positivist . Shapland Hugh Swinny was born in Dublin in 1857 , the son of Captain Shapland Swiny . He was educated at St John 's College , Cambridge , graduating B.A. in 1880 and M.A. in 1884 . He joined the London Positivist Society immediately after graduating from Cambridge and succeeded Edward Spencer Beesly as President of the London Positivist Society ( 1901 -- 1923 ) . He also was editor of the Positivist Review . He was the Chairman of the Council of the Sociological Society from 1907 to 1909 . He was a co-founder of the Church of Humanity , together with Philip Thomas . Swinny was a personal friend of several Indian nationalists , including Bal Gangadhar Tilak . Shapland Hugh Swinny died in 1923 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "763732c7463234a9c296bba314ecf8e4", "text": "Great Depression in India The Great Depression of 1929 had a very severe impact on India , which was then under the rule of the British Raj . The Government of British India adopted a protective trade policy which , though beneficial to the United Kingdom , caused great damage to the Indian economy . During the period 1929 -- 1937 , exports and imports fell drastically crippling seaborne international trade . The railways and the agricultural sector were the most affected . The international financial crisis combined with detrimental policies adopted by the Government of India resulted in soaring prices of commodities . High prices along with the stringent taxes prevalent in British India had a dreadful impact on most Indians . The discontent of farmers manifested itself in rebellions and riots . The Salt Satyagraha of 1930 was one of the measures undertaken as a response to heavy taxation during the Great Depression . The Great Depression and the economic policies of the Government of British India worsened already deteriorating Indo-British relations . When the first general elections were held according to the Government of India Act 1935 , anti-British feelings resulted in the pro-independence Indian National Congress winning in most provinces with a very high percentage of the vote share .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5f878bfedfa738256b56703f022af43b", "text": "Dayaram Gidumal Dayaram Gidumal Shahani ( 1857-1927 ) or Rishi Dayaram , was a social reformer , judge , poet , and scholar in British India . Born in Sindh , Dayaram received his early education in Persian at home from Akhoond Noor Mahammed . He later studied at Elphinstone College in Bombay and joined the Civil Service . He rose to the position of Judicial Commissioner in Sindh but chose not to accept a position as High Court Judge . He helped establish the D.J. Sind College in Karachi and supported education for women . He was a scholar of Arabic , Persian , and Sanskrit . He retired in 1911 to Bombay where he lived in a `` Blue Bungalow '' on the beach . He founded the Seva Sadan along with Behramji Malabari . He published numerous books including Sata saheliyun ( Seven girl-friends , 1906 ) and Chabak mana lai ain rihan ( Lashes for the mind , 1923 -- 29 ) . Works in English include The History of a Humble Soul ( a biography of Sadhu Hiranand ) , Something about Sindh ( 1882 ) and a biography of Malabari with an introduction by Florence Nightingale . He wrote on religion and spiritualit under the pen-names of Zero , Bijal and Sigma . Dayaram married young to Yashoda and had two sons and three daughters . His second marriage was at the age of 56 to a young girl Urmila aged 26 in his Ashram in 1913 . He withdrew himself from society after this but it was apparently to protect the girl who had become pregnant after a relationship with another boy in the ashram .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cc687894e4e4a185346b0310f2ed0143", "text": "Radha Soami Radhasoami . The Radhasoami mat or faith derives its name from its original Founder , the Supreme Being , Radhasoami who appeared in this world in human form and designated Himself Sant Sat Guru or perfect Saint or true Guide and Preceptor , and preached holy doctrines to sincere enquirer of Truth for the deliverance of their spirit from the bondage of body and its surroundings , as well as from the pains and pleasures of this world , and for the ultimate admission ( of their spirit ) into the Holy Presence of the Supreme Being after traversing and breaking through the trammels and impediments in the material spheres . There are many phases of development on the spiritual path , the most important being love , manifest in devotion , discipline and obedience to Guru guru bhakti . With the Grace and Protection of the Guru , the disciple moves from outer methods of devotion , prayer and ritual , to the inner spiritual practice - meditation . The meditation practice is called Surat Shabd Yoga , the Yoga of the Sound Current , which emphasizes collecting the scattered attention at the Eye Center third eye , by means of repetition ( mantra/simran ) , and listening bhajan to the Inner Celestial Sound , Nam or Inner Word , the Real Form of both Master and Disciple . In practice , Guru bhakti leads to Nam bhakti . `` The socio-religious revolution or renaissance which took place in India in the nineteenth century is generally known for its three facets : the change in Indian thought current under the hypnotic impact of the West ; a positive leaning towards puritanic revivalism as a reaction to the influx of western ideas ; and a deliberate attempt at synthesis of the Oriental and the Occidental . But besides these currents , there was one more - a spontaneous outburst of an inner urge of the Spirit , which was far away from any external influence whatsoever . The father of this spiritual renaissance was Soamiji Maharaj , the founder of the Radhasoami Faith , who started his teachings as early as the twenties of the nineteenth century . Whatever he said or wrote was the outcome of his intuitive realization and mystic revelations . Under this spiritual impulse he could draw a super-sensitive and English educated disciple like Hazur Maharaj towards him . The devotion of the disciple for the Master was matchless in form and precedence . And it was on his repeated requests that Soamiji Maharaj founded this esoteric faith in 1861 . The chief characteristics of this faith are love and devotion . It revitalized the medieval Bhakti trends and revived the ancient Guru traditions . The faith presents a new concept of the Supreme Being , a novel revelation of the name `` Radhasoami '' and introduces a well-defined and developed method of internal practice -- surat-shabd-yoga -- to the seekers after Truth . Not only an ascetic but also a man living in family can practise this Yoga . The faith has many other spiritual observances and a well spelled code of moral conduct to be followed by devotees . The faith owes its systematization to the second guru , Rai Saligram Bahadur ( Hazur Maharaj ) , who was its real architect . The Radhasoami Faith has made a remarkable contribution in the socio-religion field as well . The founder gurus of the faith made direct hit upon the prevalent malpractices and anomalies in the indigenous socio-religious beliefs . They advocated for steady and gradual reforms in Indian society and simplified religion so as to make it accessible to all who desire salvation from worldly bondage , without any distinction of caste , colour and nationality . '' Shiv Dayal Singh , called `` Soamiji Maharaj '' by devotees and admirers , was a khatri seth by caste in Agra , India . He used to insist that anyone who chose to follow him must give up non-vegetarian food , abstain from alcohol and intoxicants , lead a high moral life and engage in over two hours of shabd yoga ( sound-current yoga ) meditation per day . In the mid-1850s , Shiv Dayal Singh had a handful of followers in Agra . However , his teachings eventually attracted disciples from across India and by the time of his death in 1878 , Shiv Dayal had several thousand followers . He died on 15 June 1878 in Agra , India . Shiv Dayal Singh 's wife , Narayani Devi ( called Radhaji ) , Rai Saligram ( called Huzur Maharaj ) , Sanmukh Das , Gharib Das , Partap Singh ( Shiv Dayal 's younger brother ) and Baba Jaimal Singh were some of his prominent followers around whom individual satsang groups formed . This splintering off , led to the propagation of Radhasoami teachings to a wider audience , although with slightly varied interpretations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d3f7a5ff6816551e4c55e72969a5e9f5", "text": "Punjab, Pakistan Punjab ( Urdu , Punjabi : , panj-āb , `` five waters '' : ) , is Pakistan 's second largest province by area after Balochistan , and its most populous province with an estimated population of 101,391,000 as of 2015 . It is bordered by Sindh , Balochistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , as well as the regions of Islamabad Capital Territory and the Azad Kashmir . It also shares borders with the Indian states of Punjab , Rajasthan , and Jammu and Kashmir . The provincial capital of Punjab is the city Lahore , a cultural centre of Pakistan where the country 's cinema industry , and much of its fashion industry , are based . Punjab has been inhabited since ancient times . The Indus Valley Civilization , dating to 2600 BCE , was first discovered at Harappa . Punjab features heavily in the Hindu epic poem , the Mahabharata , and is home to Taxila , site of what is considered by many to be the oldest university in the world . In 326 BCE , Alexander the Great defeated King Porus at the Battle of the Hydaspes near Mong , Punjab . The Umayyad empire conquered Punjab in the 8th century CE . Punjab was later invaded by Tamerlane , Babur , and Nader Shah . Punjab reached the height of its splendour during the reign of the Mughal Empire , which for a time ruled from Lahore . Following a successful rebellion , Sikh-led armies claimed Lahore in 1759 . The administration of the Sikh Empire was based out of Lahore , until its defeat by the British . Punjab was central to the independence movements of both India and Pakistan , with Lahore being site of both the Declaration of Indian Independence , and the resolution calling for the establishment of Pakistan . The province was formed when the Punjab province of British India was divided along religious boundaries in 1947 by the Radcliffe Line after Partition . Punjab is Pakistan 's most industrialised province with the industrial sector making up 24 % of the province 's gross domestic product . Punjab is known in Pakistan for its relative prosperity , and has the lowest rate of poverty amongst all Pakistani provinces . A clear divide is present between the northern and southern portions of the province ; with poverty rates in prosperous northern Punjab amongst the lowest in Pakistan , while some in south Punjab are amongst the most impoverished . Punjab is also one of South Asia 's most urbanized regions with approximately 40 % of people living in urban areas . Its human development index rankings are high relative to the rest of Pakistan . Punjab is known in Pakistan for its relatively liberal social attitudes . The province has been strongly influenced by Sufism , with numerous Sufi shrines spread across Punjab which attract millions of devotees annually . The founder of the Sikh faith , Guru Nanak , was born in the Punjab town of Nankana Sahib near Lahore . Punjab is also the site of the Katasraj Temple , which features prominently in Hindu mythology . Several UNESCO World Heritage Sites are located in Punjab , including the Shalimar Gardens , the Lahore Fort , the archeological excavations at Taxila , and the Rohtas Fort .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c0b8d8acd32da3c6945c5845c5f5343b", "text": "Indian National Association The Indian National Association also known as Indian Association was the first avowed nationalist organization founded in British India by Surendranath Banerjee and Ananda Mohan Bose in 1876 . The objectives of this Association were `` promoting by every legitimate means the political , intellectual and material advancement of the people '' . The Association attracted educated Indians and civic leaders from all parts of the country , and became an important forum for India 's aspirations for independence . It later merged with the Indian National Congress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b418dd5d926642a27cab6ce8a61b029a", "text": "Narayan Sen Narayan Sen ( 1912 -- 1956 ) was a Bengali revolutionary in the Indian independence movement . He was born in British India , present-day Bangladesh . His father 's name was Sureshchandra Sen.", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b8789ca7e515de2e36c1b64d24d7553a", "text": "Brajkishore Prasad Brajkishore Prasad ( 1877 -- 1946 ) was a lawyer inspired by Mohandas Gandhi during the Indian Independence Movement . Born in a prominent Kayastha family in Shrinagar , Prasad took his early education in Chhapra and Patna before moving to Presidency College in Calcutta , where he completed his legal training . In between he married to Phool Devi . He set up a legal practise in Darbhanga and had two sons Vishwa Nath and Shiv Nath Prasad , more commonly known as SN Prasad , and two daughters , Prabhavati Devi and Vidyawati . Prabhavati Devi was married to Jayaprakash Narayan and Vidyawati to Mrityunjaya Prasad , son of Rajendra Prasad . He met with Mahatma Gandhi in 1915 and was immediately taken in by him . He decided to get involved full-time in the freedom struggle and gave up his legal practice . He was instrumental in Gandhi taking up the Champaran and Kheda Satyagraha , in which Gandhi handpicked Rajendra Prasad and Anugrah Narayan Sinha along with him to successfully lead the movement . Gandhi was so impressed by Prasad 's dedication that he set aside a full chapter on him in his autobiographical book , The Story of My Experiments with Truth , called `` The Gentle Bihari '' . He remained at the forefront of the freedom struggle in Bihar , and his collaboration with several colleagues was instrumental in the setting up of the Bihar Vidyapeeth . For the last ten years of his life he was severely infirmed , and died in 1946 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a5445202d6fee232b5ffb1811ca777be", "text": "Poona Sarvajanik Sabha Poona Sarvajanik Sabha was founded by Mahadev Govind Ranade . Pune Sarvajanik Sabha , , was a sociopolitical organisation in British India which started with the aim of working as a mediating body between the government and people of India and to popularise the peasants legal rights . It started as an elected body of 95 members elected by 6000 persons on April 2 , 1870 . The organisation was a precursor to the Indian National Congress which started with its first session from Maharashtra itself . The Pune Sarvajanik Sabha provided many of the prominent leaders of national stature to the Indian freedom struggle including Bal Gangadhar Tilak . It was formed in 1870 by S. H. Chiplunkar , Ganesh Vasudeo Joshi , Mahadev Govind Ranade , et al. . The ruler of the Aundh State , Bhawanrao Shriniwasrao Pant Pratinidhi was the first President of the organisation . Many eminent personalities such as Bal Gangadhar Tilak , Gopal Hari Deshmukh , Maharshi Annasaheb Patwardhan , etc. served as the Presidents of the organisation . In 2016 , Meera Pavagi was elected as the first woman President of the organisation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5f05c223e2ecfe8a1e31fabd4e4c74ba", "text": "History of Hinduism History of Hinduism denotes a wide variety of related Hindu denominations native to the Indian Subcontinent , most of whom live in modern-day India , Nepal , Pakistan , Bangladesh and Afghanistan . Adherents are also found in the Indonesian island of Bali . Its history overlaps or coincides with the development of Indian religions since Iron Age India . It has thus been called the `` oldest living religion '' in the world . Scholars regard Hinduism as a synthesis of various Indian cultures and traditions , with diverse roots and no single founder or source . The history of Hinduism is often divided into periods of development , with the first period being that of the historical Vedic religion dated from about 1900 BCE to 1400 BCE . The subsequent period , between 800 BCE and 200 BCE , is `` a turning point between the Vedic religion and Hindu religions '' , and a formative period for Hinduism , Jainism and Buddhism . The Epic and Early Puranic period , from c. 200 BCE to 500 CE , saw the classical `` Golden Age '' of Hinduism ( ( c. 320-650 CE ) , which coincides with the Gupta Empire . In this period the six branches of Hindu philosophy evolved , namely Samkhya , Yoga , Nyaya , Vaisheshika , Mīmāṃsā , and Vedanta . Monotheistic sects like Shaivism and Vaishnavism developed during this same period through the Bhakti movement . The period from roughly 650 to 1100 CE forms the late Classical period or early Middle Ages , in which classical Puranic Hinduism is established , and Adi Shankara 's Advaita Vedanta , which incorporated Buddhist thought into Vedanta , marking a shift from realistic to idealistic thought . Hinduism under both Hindu and Islamic rulers from c. 1200 to 1750 CE , saw the increasing prominence of the Bhakti movement , which remains influential today . The colonial period saw the emergence of various Hindu reform movements partly inspired by western movements , such as Unitarianism and Theosophy . The Partition of India in 1947 was along religious lines , with the Republic of India emerging with a Hindu majority . During the 20th century , due to the Indian diaspora , Hindu minorities have formed in all continents , with the largest communities in absolute numbers in the United States and the United Kingdom . In the Republic of India , Hindu nationalism has emerged as a strong political force since the 1980s , the Hindutva Bharatiya Janata Party forming the Government of India from 1999 to 2004 , and its first state government in South India in 2006 , and also the Narendra Modi led Government from 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "27e2dc612589ae2626dae6f78d6f259b", "text": "G. Gangadharan Nair G. Gangadharan Nair ( born October 2 , 1946 ) is an international Sanskrit scholar and a pioneer in the field of spoken Sanskrit . He has a PhD in Sanskrit grammar and Master of Arts degrees in Russian and Sanskrit . He has over forty years of teaching experience in Sanskrit colleges and universities . It was he who dared to be the Research Guide of Ms. Fathima Beevi , the first Muslim lady to get her PhD in Vedanta ( the supreme branch of Hindu philosophy ) .", "title": "" } ]
fever
6d015faf10ec4c6dbbd92259ade72a0d
Tupac Shakur was born in 1971.
[ { "docid": "6300812a2c58cafbd2cc582f4a119520", "text": "Tupac Shakur Tupac Amaru Shakur ( -LSB- ˈtuːpɑːk_ʃəˈkʊər -RSB- ; born Lesane Parish Crooks ; June 16 , 1971September 13 , 1996 ) , also known by his stage names 2Pac , Makaveli , and Pac , was an American rapper , record producer , actor , and poet . As of 2007 , Shakur has sold over 75 million records worldwide . His double disc albums All Eyez on Me and his Greatest Hits are among the best-selling albums in the United States . He has been listed and ranked as one of the greatest artists of all time by many publications , including Rolling Stone , which ranked him 86th on its list of The 100 Greatest Artists of All Time . He is consistently ranked as one of the greatest and most influential rappers of all time . On April 7 , 2017 , Shakur was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame . Shakur began his career as a roadie , backup dancer , and MC for the alternative hip hop group Digital Underground , eventually branching off as a solo artist . Most of the themes in Shakur 's songs revolved around the violence and hardship in inner cities , racism , and other social problems . Both of his parents and several other people in his family were members of the Black Panther Party , whose ideals were reflected in his songs . During the latter part of his career , Shakur was a vocal participant during the East Coast -- West Coast hip hop rivalry , becoming involved in conflicts with other rappers , producers , and record-label staff members , most notably The Notorious B.I.G. and the label Bad Boy Records . On September 7 , 1996 , Shakur was fatally shot in a drive-by shooting at the intersection of Flamingo Road and Koval Lane in Las Vegas , Nevada . He was taken to the University Medical Center of Southern Nevada , where he died six days later .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "4d684465826492ed3cb687c3d02e9c4d", "text": "T.H.U.G.S. T.H.U.G.S. ( Trues Humbly United Gatherin ' Souls ) '' is the debut solo album by rapper Flesh-n-Bone from the hip hop group Bone Thugs-n-Harmony . The album was released on November 19 , 1996 , on Mo Thugs Records and Def Jam Recordings . The title stands for `` Trues Humbly United Gatherin ' Souls '' . The album has three singles : `` World So Cruel '' ( featuring Rev Run ) , `` Nothin ' But Da Bone In Me '' and `` Playa Hater '' ( featuring Krayzie Bone & Layzie Bone ) . The mood of the album ranges from tales of murder , kidnapping , demonic spirits , and religion . T.H.U.G.S. received favorable to positive reviews from critics . The album has been certified Gold by the RIAA on February 12 , 1997 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6c74cc571fbbf84204229a85bb0c70e4", "text": "Assata Shakur Assata Olugbala Shakur ( born JoAnne Deborah Byron ; July 16 , 1947 ) , whose married name was Chesimard , is an African-American activist , member of the former Black Panther Party ( BPP ) and Black Liberation Army ( BLA ) , who was convicted of murder in 1977 . She escaped from prison in 1979 and fled to Cuba in 1984 , gaining political asylum . Between 1971 and 1973 , Shakur was charged with several crimes and was the subject of a multi-state manhunt . In May 1973 , Shakur was involved in a shootout on the New Jersey Turnpike , in which New Jersey State Trooper Werner Foerster was killed and Trooper James Harper was grievously assaulted ; she was charged in these attacks . BLA member Zayd Malik Shakur was also killed in the incident , and Shakur was wounded . Between 1973 and 1977 , Shakur was indicted in relation to six other incidents -- charged with murder , attempted murder , armed robbery , bank robbery , and kidnapping . She was acquitted on three of the charges and three were dismissed . In 1977 , she was convicted of the first-degree murder of Foerster and of seven other felonies related to the shootout . Shakur was incarcerated in several prisons in the 1970s . She escaped from prison in 1979 and , after living as a fugitive for several years , fled to Cuba in 1984 , where she received political asylum . She has been living in Cuba ever since . Since May 2 , 2005 , the FBI has classified her as a domestic terrorist and offered a $ 1 million reward for assistance in her capture . On May 2 , 2013 , the FBI added her to the Most Wanted Terrorist List ; the first woman to be listed . On the same day , the New Jersey Attorney General offered to match the FBI reward , increasing the total reward for her capture to $ 2 million .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d43df1100e83ea0575322dbf8bc14561", "text": "Tupac: Assassination Tupac Assassination : Conspiracy or Revenge is a documentary film about the unsolved murder of rapper Tupac Shakur produced by Frank Alexander , a Shakur bodyguard who was with the rapper at the time of the shooting , produced and directed by Richard Bond . The film was released October 23 , 2007 on DVD .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8e11e839dd1f904b96d03d4a19249c0f", "text": "Mama's Gun Mama 's Gun is the second studio album by American neo soul singer Erykah Badu . It was recorded between 1999 and 2000 at Electric Lady Studios in New York and released on November 21 , 2000 , by Motown Records . A neo soul album , Mama 's Gun incorporates funk , soul , and jazz styles . It has confessional lyrics by Badu , which cover themes of insecurity , social issues and personal relationships . The album has been viewed by critics as a female companion to neo soul artist D'Angelo 's second album Voodoo ( 2000 ) , which features a similar musical style and direction . Critics have also noted that while Baduizm contained its share of cryptic lyricism , Mama 's Gun is much more direct in its approach , and places the artist in a subjective position more than its predecessor . The album contains the single `` Bag Lady '' , Badu 's first top 10 Billboard hit , which was also nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance and for Best R&B Song . The song `` Did n't Cha Know ? '' was also nominated for Best R&B Song . The album features substantial contributions from several members of the Soulquarians outfit , of which Badu was a member . It also features guests such as soul singer Betty Wright and trumpeter Roy Hargrove . Mama 's Gun was met with great critical success and sold strongly , reaching Platinum two months after its release . Thematically the album explores topics regarding self-esteem , relationship breakdowns , and police brutality , and features a more eclectic sound than its predecessor . Rolling Stone magazine named it one of the Top 10 Albums of 2000 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e521be09089221a56f25f0b8129b4b86", "text": "Big Ed (rapper) Edward Lee Knight ( 1971 -- July 8 , 2001 ) , best known by his stage name Big Ed the Assassin ( or briefly Lil Big Ed , Big Lil Ed , Lil Lil Ed , & Big Big Ed ) , was an American rapper who was signed to Master P 's No Limit Records in 1992 , although releasing his first and only solo album The Assassin on No Limit in 1998 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aeb9acb20e5944cc6a64111d24a9e887", "text": "Tupac: Resurrection Tupac : Resurrection is a 2003 American documentary film about the life and death of rapper Tupac Shakur . The film , directed by Lauren Lazin and released by Paramount Pictures , is narrated by Tupac Shakur himself . The film was in theaters from November 16 , 2003 to December 21 , 2003 . As of July 1 , 2008 it had earned over $ 7.8 million , making it the 21st-highest-grossing documentary film in the United States - ( in nominal dollars , from 1982 to the present ) . The film was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature at the 77th Academy Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "106ae4371412686a08b197b1c094ea26", "text": "The Marshall Mathers LP The Marshall Mathers LP is the third studio album by American rapper Eminem . It was released on May 23 , 2000 , by Aftermath Entertainment , Interscope Records , and Eminem 's newly founded label , Shady Records in the United States , and on September 11 , 2000 , by Polydor Records in the United Kingdom . The album was produced mostly by Dr. Dre and Eminem , along with The 45 King , the Bass Brothers , and Mel-Man . Released a year after Eminem 's breakout album The Slim Shady LP , the record features more introspective lyricism including the rapper 's response to his sudden rise to fame and controversy surrounding his lyrics . The album sold more than 1.78 million copies in the US in its first week alone , becoming the fastest-selling studio album by any solo artist in American music history . In 2001 , the album won the Grammy Award for Best Rap Album and was nominated for Album of the Year . Eminem lost the latter to jazz-rock duo Steely Dan and their album Two Against Nature . The album was certified Diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America in March 2011 for shipping 10 million copies in the United States . By December 2016 , the album had sold over 11 million copies in the United States and more than 32 million copies worldwide . A sequel to the album , The Marshall Mathers LP 2 , was released on November 5 , 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc0b21e34c9e5087548659e5924ca779", "text": "Grand Hustle Records Grand Hustle Records ( formerly Grand Hustle Entertainment ) , also known as Hustle Gang Music , is an Atlanta , Georgia-based record label , founded in 2001 , by American hip hop recording artist T.I. and his business partner Jason Geter . Up until December 2012 , the label was distributed by Atlantic Records . It currently operates as an independent record label . The label is home to artists such as B.o.B , Young Dro , Trae tha Truth and Travis Scott , among others . The label also houses a roster of record producers , including DJ Toomp , Lil ' C , Mars , Nard & B , TrackSlayerz and more . The label has released 26 studio albums in total , with 13 of them being certified gold or higher , by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) . Additionally , the label has released five albums that reached number one on the US Billboard 200 chart , namely King ( 2006 ) , T.I. vs. T.I.P. ( 2007 ) , Paper Trail ( 2008 ) , The Adventures of Bobby Ray ( 2010 ) and Birds in the Trap Sing McKnight ( 2016 ) . Furthermore , Grand Hustle has released multiple top 40 hit singles , including `` Bring 'Em Out '' , `` What You Know '' , `` Shoulder Lean '' , `` Whatever You Like '' , `` Live Your Life '' , `` Dead and Gone '' , `` Nothin ' on You '' , `` Airplanes '' , `` Magic '' , `` Strange Clouds '' , `` So Good '' , `` Both of Us '' , `` Antidote '' and more .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8a338b27eae95cc767608c1c6aae8ab1", "text": "Brink's robbery (1981) The Brink 's robbery of 1981 was an armed robbery and three related murders committed on October 20 , 1981 , which were carried out by six Black Liberation Army members : ( 1 ) Jeral Wayne Williams ( a.k.a. Mutulu Shakur ) , ( 2 ) Donald Weems ( a.k.a. Kuwasi Balagoon ) , ( 3 ) Samuel Brown ( a.k.a. Solomon Bouines ) , ( 4 ) Samuel Smith , ( 5 ) Edward Joseph , and ( 6 ) Cecilio `` Chui '' Ferguson ; and four former members of the Weather Underground , now belonging to the May 19th Communist Organization , including ( 7 ) David Gilbert , ( 8 ) Judith Alice Clark , ( 9 ) Kathy Boudin , and ( 10 ) Marilyn Buck . They stole $ 1.6 million in cash from a Brink 's armored car at the Nanuet Mall , in Nanuet , New York , killing a Brink 's guard , Peter Paige , seriously wounding Brinks guard Joseph Trombino , and subsequently killing two Nyack police officers , Edward O'Grady and Waverly Brown ( the first African American member of the Nyack , New York police department ) . Trombino recovered from the wounds he received in this incident but was killed in 2001 in the September 11 attacks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c60907d85d35cbc9ca48d6b463ba4ee", "text": "Black Mafia Life Black Mafia Life is the second studio album by American hip hop group Above the Law.This Album Is What Would Be Considered The Blue Print Sound Similar To Dr Dre 's The Chronic.The Sound What would be later Named as G-Funk by 2pac . Recorded in 1991 into 1992 but was held back due Legal Issues With Epic And Dr. Dre 's Departure from Ruthless Records . It was released on February 2 , 1993 via Ruthless Records . The album peaked at number 6 on the Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums and number 37 on the US Billboard 200 . Rolling Stone gave the album 4.5 stars of 5 . As on the group 's previous works , Livin ' Like Hustlers and Vocally Pimpin ' , this album 's audio production was mostly handled by A.T.L. themselves , but this one excluded any contributions from Lay Law . It featured guest appearances from Kokane , Eazy-E , 2pac , MC Ren , and Digital Underground . Its lead single `` V.S.O.P. '' peaked at number 9 on the Hot Rap Singles and number 97 on the Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks . Above the Law member Go Mack left the group after release of this album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "258a35ced414990f185afcb8f51fb1c9", "text": "Stephen T. Owens Stephen T. Owens ( born 1948 ) is a civil trial lawyer in Los Angeles , California with the law firm of Squire Patton Boggs . Owens has represented many major U.S. , Japanese , Chinese and other international corporations and financial institutions , including Bridgestone Co. , EchoStar/Dish Network , Suzuki Motor Corporation , Toyota Tsusho , China Airlines , Volaris Airlines , Mexicana Airlines , Union Bank , N.A. , Bank of Tokyo/Mitsubishi-UFJ , and Knotts Berry Farm , as well as various governmental bodies , including the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation , the Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation , the Federal Home Loan Bank of San Francisco , the City of Pomona ( California ) , the City of West Covina ( California ) , the Housing Authority of the City of Los Angeles , city councilmembers of various cities , and municipal redevelopment agencies . In addition to his trial work in the fields of international trade , finance and real estate , he has acted as litigation counsel to a number of noteworthy individuals and companies in the entertainment industry . He represented Afeni Shakur , the mother of Tupac Shakur , and the Estate of Tupac Shakur in a racketeering ( civil RICO ) lawsuit against Marion `` Suge '' Knight , Death Row Records and their attorney , David Kenner , which resulted in the Estate 's recovery of the unreleased master tapes recorded by Tupac prior to his murder in 1996 . Afeni Shakur and Richard S. Fischbein , as Joint Administrators of the Estate of Tupac Shakur v. Death Row Records , Inc. , Marion `` Suge '' Knight , and David Kenner , United States District Court for the Central District of California ( 1997 ) . The tracks on the recovered master tapes were released on the posthumous , quadruple platinum , double album entitled R U Still Down ? ( Remember Me ) and on several later albums . Owens also represented Afeni Shakur and the Estate of Tupac Shakur in a wrongful death lawsuit filed against Orlando Anderson , aka `` Baby Lane '' , a reputed gang member from Compton , California with whom Tupac had fought at the MGM Grand Las Vegas just hours before he was murdered . Afeni Shakur , et al. v. Orlando Anderson , et al. , Superior Court of California for the County of Los Angeles , Case No . BC 177861 . In another publicized case , Owens represented Internet Entertainment Group against Pamela Anderson 's unsuccessful attempt to prevent the company from posting the so-called `` honeymoon video '' made by her and then-husband Tommy Lee on the internet . Adopting the argument that the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution generally bars courts from issuing a `` prior restraint '' on speech , the court denied Anderson 's application for a temporary restraining order that would have barred , in advance , IEG 's distribution of the video . Pamela Anderson Lee and Tommy Lee v. Internet Entertainment Group , et al. , Superior Court of California for the County of Los Angeles , Case No . BC 180801 . Immediately after the plaintiffs ' application for a restraining order was denied , the video was widely distributed on the internet . Owens has also represented , on a pro bono basis , a number of elderly , low-income , African American homeowners victimized by home equity fraud schemes . In one of those cases , the jury awarded the homeowner $ 1.3 million in damages against the dishonest mortgage loan broker and his associates . The case was featured on the ABC television program `` PrimeTime Live '' . '' ` Primetime ' Is the Right Time for a Lawyer '' , Los Angeles Daily Journal , July 22 , 1992 , p. 2 ; `` $ 1.3 Million Awarded in House Scam '' , Los Angeles Times , April 4 , 1992 , p. B3 ; Henry v. Alcove Investment , Inc. ( 1991 ) 233 Cal . App . 3d 94 ; `` The Elder Helper '' , California Lawyer , June 1992 , p. 28 . In recognition of his pro bono work , Owens received the American Bar Association 's John Minor Wisdom Award for Professionalism and Public Service in October 1993 and accepted the President 's Pro Bono Service Award , conferred by the President of the State Bar of California , on behalf of the Graham & James Home Equity Fraud Team , a team of pro bono lawyers formed by Owens , in October 1992 . Owens has been designated a Southern California `` Super Lawyer '' in the field of Business Litigation in every February issue of Los Angeles magazine from 2004 through 2016 . He has served on numerous boards and commissions , including the California State Commission on Judicial Nominees Evaluation ( 1996 -- 1998 ) , the Board of Directors of Public Counsel , the public interest law firm sponsored by the Los Angeles County and Beverly Hills Bar Associations ( 1992 -- 1995 ) , and the Board of Directors of the Constitutional Rights Foundation , a non-profit educational foundation developing and providing teaching materials and programs regarding the U.S. Constitution and American democracy to junior high school and high school teachers in Southern California ( 2002 -- 2004 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "85a2b8fd164cb492cc4639414d45a75b", "text": "ASAP Ferg Darold D. Brown Ferguson , Jr. ( born October 20 , 1988 ) , better known by his stage name ASAP Ferg ( stylized as A$ AP Ferg ) , is an American rapper from New York City 's Harlem neighborhood . Aside from his solo career , he is a member of the hip hop collective A$ AP Mob , from which he adopted his moniker . In January 2013 , Ferg signed a solo record deal with Polo Grounds and RCA , the same labels that helped launch A$ AP Worldwide , when Ferg 's A$ AP Mob cohorts A$ AP Rocky and the late A$ AP Yams , negotiated their own respective deal in 2011 . His debut album Trap Lord was released on August 20 , 2013 , and was met with generally positive reviews . On April 22 , 2016 , Ferg released his second studio album , Always Strive and Prosper .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "49124d13496f80c1bc7a477ce15cc933", "text": "The Untouchable The Untouchable is the fourth studio album by American rapper Scarface . The album was released on March 11 , 1997 , by Rap-a-Lot Records . The album debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 chart for the first time in his career with the album ; in addition it peaked at the top of the Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums chart for two weeks , giving Scarface his second number one album there . The effort included the smash hit single , `` Smile '' , featuring Tupac Shakur , released shortly after the shooting deaths of Tupac and Notorious B.I.G. . It peaked at number 12 on the Billboard Hot 100 and is the only single released by Scarface to go Gold .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "723f6b9d37bc3e99df2e9cfa36ad5a47", "text": "Human Being (album) Human Being is the third album by Seal , released in 1998 . The title track was written about late rappers Tupac Shakur and The Notorious B.I.G. Human Being received mixed reviews ranging from being panned for its overtly dark and moody feel , to being described in terms such as `` pop perfection '' . The album failed to sell in the same way as his 1994 multi-platinum album , Seal . However , it is a fan favourite and was inspired by his then-girlfriend , Tyra Banks and their breakup . A remix of `` Lost My Faith '' was featured over the closing credits of the 1999 film Entrapment , and the song 's single release was accompanied by a music video in which Seal is integrated into scenes from the film alongside Sean Connery and Catherine Zeta-Jones . The album sold over 500,000 copies worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7152ae9c006dedef1d7c59bbc167db49", "text": "Snoop Dogg discography The discography of American rapper Snoop Dogg of fifteen studio albums , four collaborative albums , seventeen compilation albums , one extended play , twenty mixtapes , 127 singles ( including seventy-four as a featured artist ) , and fourteen promotional singles . He has sold over 23.5 million albums in United States and 37 million albums worldwide . He has garnered fourteen top ten singles on the Billboard Hot 100 ( including eight as a featured artist ) . Snoop Dogg came to attention of the music industry in 1992 , through his vocal contributions on Dr. Dre 's The Chronic . That album is considered to have `` transformed the entire sound of West Coast rap '' by its development of what later became known as the `` G-funk '' sound . The Chronic expanded gangsta rap with profanity , anti-authoritarian lyrics and multi-layered samples taken from 1970 's P-Funk records . Snoop Dogg contributed vocals to Dre 's solo single , `` Deep Cover '' , which led to a high degree of anticipation among hip hop for the release of his own solo album . Snoop 's debut album , Doggystyle , was released in 1993 under Death Row Records , debuting at number one on both the Billboard 200 and Billboard Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums charts , powered by spectacular first week sales 803,000 units . Doggystyle became certified 4 × platinum in 1994 and spawned several hit singles , including `` What 's My Name ? '' , `` Gin & Juice '' and the European hit `` Doggy Dogg World '' . As of March 2008 , the album has sold 6,137,000 copies in the United States . In 1994 , Snoop released a soundtrack on Death Row Records for the short film Murder Was The Case , starring himself . Murder Was the Case debuted on the Billboard 200 at number one , selling 329,000 units in the first week sales . The following week it stayed on top with 197,000 copies sold and was certified Gold . The album is certified 2x platinum with 2,030,000 copies sold . Following to the successful release of his debut album Doggystyle ( 1993 ) , Snoop was charged with a murder . In 1995 , Snoop had been spending much time preparing for the case , which went to trial , which took place later that year . In February 1996 , he was cleared of all charges and began working on his second album , without Dr. Dre as a frequent record producer on the album . This is also Snoop 's final album on Death Row Records , under the name of Snoop Doggy Dogg . His second album Tha Doggfather ( 1996 ) , also debuted at number one on US charts and UK R&B Charts . The album was certified double platinum in 1997 . Preceding the album 's release by European singles ; `` Snoop 's Upside Ya Head '' , `` Vapors '' and `` Doggfather '' . In 1998 Snoop released Da Game Is to Be Sold , Not to Be Told it was released , by No Limit Records . It is his first album following his departure from Death Row Records . It was also his first album to be released under a slight change to his stage name `` Snoop Dogg '' for contractual reasons . The album debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 chart , selling over 520,000 copies in its first week , and remained on top for the second week selling additional 246,000 units according to SoundScan . It remained in the top ten for five weeks ; thus it was quickly certified double platinum later that year . In terms of chart success it is one of his most successful containing the singles Still a G Thang and Woof . As of March 2008 , the album has sold 2,085,000 copies in the United States . The fourth studio album , No Limit Top Dogg , was released on May 11 , 1999 . The album 's lead single `` Bitch Please '' featuring Xzibit and Nate Dogg , produced by Dr. Dre became a hit . The music video for the album 's second single `` G Bedtime Stories '' which was a success , the song was produced by Meech Wells . No Limit Top Dogg debuted at number 2 on the US Billboard 200 , selling 187,400 copies in its first week . Though it was Snoop Dogg 's first album to not debut at number one and have strong album sales for the first week , it eventually sold 1,100,000 copies by closing the year of 1999 making it the 73rd best selling album of the year . As of March 2008 , the album had sales 1,518,000 copies in the United States . The third and final album released on No Limit Records and his first album on his newly founded label Doggystyle Records , Tha Last Meal was released on December 19 , 2000 . The album included the singles `` Snoop Dogg ( What 's My Name Pt . 2 ) '' , `` Hennesey n Buddah '' featuring Kokane , `` Lay Low '' featuring Nate Dogg , `` Loosen ' Control '' and `` Wrong Idea '' featuring Bad Azz . The single `` Snoop Dogg ( What 's My Name II ) '' was nominated for Music Video of the Year at The Source Hip-Hop Music Awards 2001 . The album was nominated Album of the Year at the same ceremony . The single `` Wrong Idea '' was also included in Bad Azz 's second album Personal Business released on Doggystyle . Tha Last Meal debuted at number 9 on the US Billboard 200 , selling 397,238 copies in its first week . In the third week the album reached at number 4 in the US chart . The album topped the Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums for four consecutive weeks . In 2001 the album has sold 1,200,000 copies in the United States . Has sold over 2,068,000 copies in the United States according to Nielsen SoundScan . The sixth studio album , Paid tha Cost to Be da Bo $ $ was supported by two singles : `` From tha Chuuuch to da Palace '' featuring Pharrell and the other-Pharrell track `` Beautiful '' also featuring Charlie Wilson . The album debuted at number 12 on the US Billboard 200 , selling 174,000 copies in its first week . The album has been certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) and has sold 1,500,000 copies worldwide . The album 's lead single , titled `` From tha Chuuuch to da Palace '' featuring guest vocals from Pharrell , was released on October 15 , 2002 . The song was produced by The Neptunes . The music video for `` From tha Chuuuch to da Palace '' , was directed by Diane Martel , under the alias Bucky Chrome . The second single , `` Beautiful '' featuring Pharrell and Charlie Wilson , was released on January 28 , 2003 . The song also was produced by The Neptunes . The music video for `` Beautiful '' featuring Pharrell and Charlie Wilson ( who he did not make it to the video ) , was directed by Chris Robinson and it was released in 2003 . The video took place in Brazil . The video helped exceeded the song to become a hit on the Billboard charts . The seventh studio R&G ( Rhythm & Gangsta ) : The Masterpiece was released 2004 . `` Drop It Like It 's Hot '' featuring Pharrell , was released as the album 's lead single on September 14 , 2004 . With the production by The Neptunes , the song gained some critical attention for its very sparse production . The song essentially is just tongue clicks , keyboards and a drum machine beat , which compared to much early 2000s rap , was very minimalist . It was nominated at the Grammy Awards for Best Rap Song and Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group , though it lost both awards to the songs `` Jesus Walks '' by Kanye West and `` Let 's Get It Started '' by The Black Eyed Peas , respectively . The song reached at number 10 on the UK Singles Chart and number one on the US Billboard Hot 100 , becoming Snoop 's first US number one single . The song internationally reached the top-ten in a huge 12 countries . The second single , `` Let 's Get Blown '' featuring Pharrell , was released on December 14 , 2004 . The song was produced by The Neptunes . It did not repeat the success of `` Drop It Like It 's Hot '' , but it filled the gap between the aforementioned song and the club hit `` Signs '' . Keyshia Cole , who had not garnered a reputation at that time and was therefore left uncredited ( her contribution to the R&G song `` Pass It Pass It '' also went uncredited ) . The song samples and contains interpolations from Slave 's `` Watching You '' , which was also interpolated in `` Gin and Juice . '' The single is one of Snoop Dogg 's biggest hits in the UK for peaking at number 13 and number 54on the US Billboard Hot 100 . `` Signs '' featuring Justin Timberlake and Charlie Wilson , was released on April 25 , 2005 . The song was produced by The Neptunes . In May 2005 , the single reached at number 2 on the UK Singles Chart and number 46 on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart . However , it was more popular in Australia staying at number one on the Australian Singles Chart for two weeks . Internationally , the song reached the top-ten in 11 countries . The final single , `` Ups & Downs '' featuring Bee Gees , was released on August 15 , 2005 . The song was produced by Warryn Campbell . The song interpolates The Bee Gees ' 1979 hit `` Love You Inside Out '' . The song charted in several countries , but did n't match the success from his previous singles on the album . R&G debuted at number 6 on the US Billboard 200 chart , selling 225,000 copies in its first week . In its second week , the album fell to number 9 on the Billboard 200 , selling 203,000 copies , for a two-week total of 428,000 units . As of March 2008 , the album sales 1,724,000 copies in the United States . In 2006 , the song `` I Wan na Love You '' , a collaboration with Akon , became Snoop 's second number one on the Hot 100 . Tha Blue Carpet Treatment Snoop 's eighth studio album , was released in 2006 . Tha Blue Carpet Treatment debuted at number 5 on the US Billboard 200 , selling 264,000 copies in its first week . On the Nielsen SoundScan annual `` Best Sellers Top 100 '' rankings when the album was listed 97th with the 2006 year-end catalog closing sales number of 637,000 copies despite having been released in mid-November and its sales data is accumulated for only one and a half months . As of March 2008 , the album had sales 903,000 copies in the United States . On November 20 , 2007 he released the single `` Sexual Eruption '' peaked at number 7 on The Hot 100 . The ninth studio album Ego Trippin ' , it was released by Geffen Records on March 11 , 2008 . The album sold over 137,000 copies in its first week in the United States , debuting at number 3 on the US Billboard 200 chart . In its second week the album fell to number 7 on the Billboard 200 chart , selling 57,000 copies , for a two-week total of 194,000 units . Ego Trippin was the tenth best selling hip hop album of the year , selling 401,000 copies in the US . Malice n Wonderland is the tenth studio album by American rapper Snoop 's ; it was released on December 8 , 2009 . The album included the Billboard charts singles `` Gangsta Luv '' and `` I Wan na Rock '' . Malice n Wonderland debuted at number 23 on the US Billboard 200 , selling 61,000 copies in its opening week . It is his first album since Paid tha Cost to Be da Boss ( 2002 ) not to reach the top ten on the Billboard 200 , his lowest charting album on the US R&B / Hip-Hop charts and his only album to miss the British and Australian Top 100 . Malice n Wonderland has sold over 400,000 copies in the United States as of 2011 . In 2011 , Snoop 's was released top ten album Doggumentary , the album debuted at number eight on the US Billboard 200 chart , selling 50,000 copies in its first week in the United States . Snoop Dogg collaborated with David Guetta for a remix of the latter 's single `` Wet '' , newly titled `` Sweat '' . It topped the charts in countries such as France , Australia and Austria . In 2011 , Snoop released a soundtrack on Mac & Devin Go to High School with Wiz Khalifa . `` Young , Wild & Free '' , the soundtrack 's lead single which features Bruno Mars , and produced by The Smeezingtons , was released on October 11 , 2011 . In its first week it sold 159,000 digital copies , debuting at number 10 on the US Billboard Hot 100 , and number 44 on the Canadian Hot 100 . In 2012 , after a trip to Jamaica , Snoop announced a conversion to the Rastafari movement and a new alias , Snoop Lion '' ' . Under the new moniker , he released a reggae album , Reincarnated . As of May 2015 , the album has sold 104,000 copies in the United States . The album topped Billboard Top Reggae Albums for 34 non-consecutive weeks n His thirteenth solo studio album , Bush , was released in May 2015 . It was supported by the singles ; `` Peaches N Cream '' featuring Charlie Wilson , `` So Many Pros '' , and `` California Roll '' featuring Stevie Wonder . The album was the eighth best-selling album of the week . Bush was the sixth Snoop 's solo album to debut at number one on the Billboard '' Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums . Coolaid was released July 1 , 2016 on eOne . His latest album Neva Left was released on Doggystyle and Empire records on May 19 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f973001c5fe20348fa61c2acd11f22cb", "text": "The Best of Shaquille O'Neal The Best of Shaquille O'Neal is the first compilation and third overall album by NBA player/rapper , Shaquille O'Neal . The album was released on November 12 , 1996 , just days before his third studio album , You Ca n't Stop the Reign , and was his last for Jive Records . Due to its release date , the album only featured songs from his first two albums , Shaq Diesel and Shaq-Fu : Da Return , as well as the Fu-Schnickens song , `` What Up Doc ? ( Can We Rock ) '' from their album Nervous Breakdown .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c0b323276c6f64434ae072eb1ca51ce6", "text": "Death row Death row is a special section of a prison in the United States that houses inmates who are awaiting execution after being sentenced to death for the conviction of a capital crime . The US is the only Western country that still applies the death penalty for capital crimes . Thirty-one of its 50 states and the federal government authorize this penalty . But by 2016 , sixteen of these states and the federal government had a formal or `` de facto '' moratorium , due in large part to questions about the death penalty itself or the use of lethal injection as a method of execution . `` Death row '' is a term also used figuratively to describe the state of awaiting execution ( `` being on death row '' ) , even in places where no special facility or separate unit for condemned inmates exists . After a person is found guilty of a capital offense , the judge will give the jury the option of imposing a death sentence or life imprisonment without the possibility of parole ( LWOP ) . It is up to a jury to decide whether to give the death sentence ; this usually has to be a unanimous decision . If sentenced to death , a convict will remain on death row during appeal and habeas corpus procedures , which can take years . Since 1973 and later , with an increasing number of persons being freed since 1993 , some 157 persons as of January 2017 have been exonerated on appeal and released from death row . Wrongful convictions have been proven based on DNA evidence , informants retracting testimony or being proven false , prosecutorial misconduct , racial bias in jury selection , and other constitutional issues .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a0f63ce82d2e1b630dee6b314ab9cad8", "text": "Ill conscious Lavar Clark or Divine Justice Allah , , better known by his stage name Ill Conscious , is an American rapper from Baltimore , MD. . He has been featured on a number of various hip hop blogs and has been called a mix between a later-in-his-career AZ , a Capital Punishment Big Pun , with the ` consciousness ' of Talib Kweli and the passion/word choice of Tupac", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e5e974f3d9609410fccbe6cf007105cc", "text": "I Get Around (Tupac Shakur song) `` I Get Around '' is the second single from 2Pac 's second album Strictly 4 My N.I.G.G.A.Z. , and features Shock G and Money-B of Digital Underground , the group that introduced him to the world . It was produced by Shock G. Allmusic notes that in the song 2Pac `` brags about his sexual conquests '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bad6673fcb603b9a86808a8f7c5301e8", "text": "Busta Rhymes Trevor George Smith Jr. ( born May 20 , 1972 ) , better known by his stage name Busta Rhymes , is an American rapper , actor , record producer and record executive . Chuck D of Public Enemy gave him the moniker Busta Rhymes , after NFL wide receiver George `` Buster '' Rhymes . He is widely known for his outlandish style and fashion sense depicted in several highly innovative music videos as well as his intricate rhyming technique , rapping at a high rate of speed with heavy use of internal rhyme and half rhyme , and to date has received 11 Grammy Award nominations for his musical work . About.com included him on its list of the 50 Greatest MCs of Our Time ( 1987 -- 2007 ) , while Steve Huey of AllMusic called him one of the best and most prolific rappers of the 1990s . In 2012 , The Source placed him on their list of the Top 50 Lyricists of All Time . MTV has called him `` one of hip-hop 's greatest visual artists . '' Busta Rhymes was an original member of Leaders of the New School . He later went on and founded the record label Conglomerate ( initially Flipmode Entertainment ) and production crew The Conglomerate ( formerly Flipmode Squad ) . In November 2011 , Busta Rhymes signed a deal with Cash Money Records . On July 23 , 2014 , Busta Rhymes announced that he left Cash Money Records due to creative differences and was no longer on Republic . In 2016 Rhymes signed with Epic for his upcoming album due to be released in early 2017 . He has so far released nine studio albums , with the first being the 1996 platinum-selling album The Coming . His list of hit singles include `` Woo Hah !! Got You All in Check '' , `` Put Your Hands Where My Eyes Could See '' , `` Dangerous '' , `` Turn It Up ( Remix ) / Fire It Up '' , `` Gim me Some More '' , `` What 's It Gon na Be ?! '' , `` Pass the Courvoisier , Part II '' , `` I Know What You Want '' and `` Touch It '' , among several others .", "title": "" } ]
fever
11e80ea9b8f12adf05a8d983c042aba6
Arnold Schwarzenegger was incapable of being involved with work by James Cameron.
[ { "docid": "8b095a7cd7aff78f5852b1738fe675f5", "text": "Arnold Schwarzenegger Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger ( -LSB- ˈʃwɔːrtsənˌɛɡər -RSB- -LSB- ˈaɐ̯nɔlt ˈalɔʏs ˈʃvaɐ̯tsn̩ˌɛɡɐ -RSB- ; born July 30 , 1947 ) is an Austrian-American actor , producer , businessman , investor , author , philanthropist , activist , politician and former professional bodybuilder . He served two terms as the 38th Governor of California from 2003 to 2011 . Schwarzenegger began weight training at the age of 15 . He won the Mr. Universe title at age 20 and went on to win the Mr. Olympia contest seven times . Schwarzenegger has remained a prominent presence in bodybuilding and has written many books and articles on the sport . He is widely considered to be among the greatest bodybuilders of all time as well as bodybuilding 's biggest icon . Schwarzenegger gained worldwide fame as a Hollywood action film icon . His breakthrough film was the sword-and-sorcery epic Conan the Barbarian in 1982 , a box office hit that resulted in a sequel . In 1984 , Schwarzenegger appeared in James Cameron 's science-fiction thriller film The Terminator , a critical and commercial success . Schwarzenegger subsequently reprised the Terminator character in the franchise 's later installments : Terminator 2 : Judgment Day ( 1991 ) , Terminator 3 : Rise of the Machines ( 2003 ) , and Terminator Genisys ( 2015 ) . He has appeared in a number of successful films , such as Commando ( 1985 ) , The Running Man ( 1987 ) , Predator ( 1987 ) , Twins ( 1988 ) , Total Recall ( 1990 ) , Kindergarten Cop ( 1990 ) , and True Lies ( 1994 ) . In 2015 , it was announced that Schwarzenegger would replace Donald Trump as the host of The Celebrity Apprentice , though he left after one season due to conflicts caused by Trump 's remarks . Schwarzenegger was nicknamed `` the Austrian Oak '' in his bodybuilding days , `` Arnie '' during his acting career , and `` The Governator '' ( a portmanteau of `` Governor '' and `` The Terminator '' ) during his political career . As a Republican , Schwarzenegger was first elected on October 7 , 2003 , in a special recall election to replace then-Governor Gray Davis . He was sworn in on November 17 , to serve the remainder of Davis ' term . He was then re-elected on November 7 , 2006 , in the 2006 California gubernatorial election , to serve a full term as governor , defeating Democrat Phil Angelides , who was California State Treasurer at the time . Schwarzenegger was sworn in for his second term on January 5 , 2007 . In 2011 , he completed his second term as governor and returned to acting .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "8647b2eb8a26e412ed44ffe47fcb933d", "text": "Alien (film) Alien is a 1979 British-American science-fiction horror film directed by Ridley Scott , and starring Sigourney Weaver , Tom Skerritt , Veronica Cartwright , Harry Dean Stanton , John Hurt , Ian Holm and Yaphet Kotto . The film 's title refers to a highly aggressive extraterrestrial creature that stalks and kills the crew of a spaceship . Dan O'Bannon wrote the screenplay from a story he wrote with Ronald Shusett , drawing influence from previous works of science fiction and horror . The film was produced by Gordon Carroll , David Giler and Walter Hill through their Brandywine Productions and distributed by 20th Century Fox . Giler and Hill made revisions and additions to the script . Shusett was executive producer . The eponymous Alien and its accompanying elements were designed by Swiss artist H. R. Giger , while concept artists Ron Cobb and Chris Foss designed the human aspects of the film . Alien launched the Alien franchise and is chronologically the first of the main series , with the prequel series set in an earlier timeframe . Alien received both critical acclaim and box office success , receiving an Academy Award for Best Visual Effects , Saturn Awards for Best Science Fiction Film , Best Direction for Scott , and Best Supporting Actress for Cartwright , and a Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation , along with numerous other award nominations . It has remained highly praised in subsequent decades , being considered one of the greatest films of all time . In 2002 , the film was deemed `` culturally , historically or aesthetically significant '' by the Library of Congress and was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry . In 2008 , it was ranked as the seventh-best film in the science fiction genre by the American Film Institute , and as the 33rd greatest film of all time by Empire magazine . The success of Alien spawned a media franchise of novels , comic books , video games , and toys . It also launched Weaver 's acting career by providing her with her first lead role , and the story of her character Ellen Ripley 's encounters with the Alien creatures became the thematic thread that ran through the sequels Aliens ( 1986 ) , Alien 3 ( 1992 ) and Alien : Resurrection ( 1997 ) . , a crossover with the Predator franchise produced the Alien vs. Predator series , which includes Alien vs. Predator ( 2004 ) and Aliens vs. Predator : Requiem ( 2007 ) , and also a prequel series of films , which includes Prometheus ( 2012 ) and Alien : Covenant ( 2017 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "62a76004cc7c2110bf799438186bc5b9", "text": "James Bond The James Bond series focuses on a fictional British Secret Service agent created in 1953 by writer Ian Fleming , who featured him in twelve novels and two short-story collections . Since Fleming 's death in 1964 , eight other authors have written authorised Bond novels or novelizations : Kingsley Amis , Christopher Wood , John Gardner , Raymond Benson , Sebastian Faulks , Jeffery Deaver , William Boyd and Anthony Horowitz . The latest novel is Trigger Mortis by Anthony Horowitz , published in September 2015 . Additionally Charlie Higson wrote a series on a young James Bond , and Kate Westbrook wrote three novels based on the diaries of a recurring series character , Moneypenny . The character has also been adapted for television , radio , comic strip , video games and film . The films are the longest continually running film series of all time and have grossed over $ 7.040 billion in total , making it the fourth-highest-grossing film series to date , which started in 1962 with Dr. No , starring Sean Connery as Bond . As of , there have been twenty-four films in the Eon Productions series . The most recent Bond film , Spectre ( 2015 ) , stars Daniel Craig in his fourth portrayal of Bond ; he is the sixth actor to play Bond in the Eon series . There have also been two independent productions of Bond films : Casino Royale ( a 1967 spoof ) and Never Say Never Again ( a 1983 remake of an earlier Eon-produced film , Thunderball ) . In 2015 , the franchise was estimated to be worth $ 19.9 billion , making James Bond one of the highest-grossing media franchises of all time . The Bond films are renowned for a number of features , including the musical accompaniment , with the theme songs having received Academy Award nominations on several occasions , and two wins . Other important elements which run through most of the films include Bond 's cars , his guns , and the gadgets with which he is supplied by Q Branch . The films are also noted for Bond 's relationships with various women , who are sometimes referred to as `` Bond girls '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b259887db7806f3f5e307e88e4cf3659", "text": "List of accolades received by Star Wars: The Force Awakens Star Wars : The Force Awakens is a 2015 epic space opera film directed , co-produced , and co-written by J. J. Abrams . The seventh installment in the main Star Wars film series , and first of three in Star Wars sequel trilogy , it stars Harrison Ford , Mark Hamill , Carrie Fisher , Adam Driver , Daisy Ridley , John Boyega , Oscar Isaac , Lupita Nyong ` o , Andy Serkis , Domhnall Gleeson , Anthony Daniels , and Max von Sydow . The Force Awakens is set 30 years after Return of the Jedi ; it follows Rey , Finn , and Poe Dameron 's search for Luke Skywalker and their fight alongside the Resistance , led by veterans of the Rebel Alliance , against Kylo Ren and the First Order , a successor group to the Galactic Empire . The Force Awakens was premiered by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures in Los Angeles on December 14 , and was released in United States and Canada on December 18 , 2015 . The Force Awakens opened across 14,300 theaters , breaking numerous box-office records and became the first film to earn more than $ 100 million worldwide in a single day . The film grossed a worldwide total of over $ 2 billion on a production budget of $ 306 million becoming the highest-grossing release of 2015 , and the fastest film to earn $ 1 billion worldwide , doing so in twelve-days . The Force Awakens became the third film in history to surpass $ 2 billion worldwide ( after Avatar ( 2009 ) and Titanic ( 1997 ) ) , doing so on its 53rd day of release . Rotten Tomatoes , a review aggregator , surveyed 360 reviews and judged 92 percent to be positive . The Force Awakens garnered many awards and nominations in a variety of categories with particular praise for Abrams ' direction , its action sequences , visual effects , editing and Ridley 's and Boyega 's performances . Several awards held their nominations before the December release of The Force Awakens , making the film ineligible for the 73rd Golden Globe Awards and some other awards ceremonies . However , the film was added to the 21st Critics ' Choice Awards 's slate of best picture nominees after a special vote by the board of directors , and the announcement of the 2015 American Film Institute Awards was delayed until after the release of film , where it was named one of Top Ten Films of the year . The Force Awakens received five nominations at the 88th Academy Awards as Best Original Score , Best Sound Editing , Best Sound Mixing , Best Film Editing and Best Visual Effects . The film garnered four nominations at 69th British Academy Film Awards , and won for Best Special Visual Effects and a special BAFTA Rising Star Award for John Boyega . At the 21st Empire Awards , the film received nine nominations and won five including Best Sci-Fi/Fantasy Film , and Best Director for J.J. Abrams . The Force Awakens became the most nominated film in Saturn Awards history with total of thirteen nominations at 42nd Saturn Awards and won eight including Best Science Fiction Film , Best Director and Best Special Effects . The film received seven nominations from the Visual Effects Society , winning four including Outstanding Visual Effects in an Effects Driven Feature Motion Picture . Star Wars : The Force Awakens received eleven nominations at MTV Movie Awards , the most for the ceremony and won three including Movie of the Year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a349d3338ea0e5b54eeea4f683327133", "text": "1975 Mr. Olympia The 1975 Mr. Olympia contest was an IFBB professional bodybuilding competition held November 4 -- 11 , 1975 in Pretoria , South Africa . It was the 11th Mr. Olympia competition and the feature event of the 1975 IFBB International Congress . The event was filmed for the 1977 docudrama Pumping Iron which featured the rivalry between competitors Arnold Schwarzenegger and Lou Ferrigno as they trained for the contest . Although not released until two years after the event , the success of the film made Arnold Schwarzenegger an international celebrity , contributed to his success as Hollywood actor , and helped establish bodybuilding as a professional sport .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3b33cf3bfdbde0c139ada1356c0c91b1", "text": "Sin City (film) Sin City ( also known as Frank Miller 's Sin City ) is a 2005 American neo-noir crime anthology film written , produced , and directed by Frank Miller and Robert Rodriguez . It is based on Miller 's graphic novel of the same name . Much of the film is based on the first , third and fourth books in Miller 's original comic series . The Hard Goodbye is about a man who embarks on a brutal rampage in search of his one-time sweetheart 's killer , killing anyone , even the police , that gets in his way of finding and killing her murderer . The Big Fat Kill focuses on an everyman getting caught in a street war between a group of prostitutes and a group of mercenaries , the police and the mob . That Yellow Bastard follows an aging police officer who protects a young woman from a grotesquely disfigured serial killer . The intro and outro of the film are based on the short story `` The Customer is Always Right '' , which is collected in Booze , Broads & Bullets , the sixth book in the comic series . The film stars an ensemble cast led by Jessica Alba , Benicio del Toro , Brittany Murphy , Clive Owen , Mickey Rourke , Bruce Willis , and Elijah Wood , and featuring Alexis Bledel , Michael Clarke Duncan , Rosario Dawson , Carla Gugino , Rutger Hauer , Jaime King , Michael Madsen , and Nick Stahl , among others . Sin City opened to wide critical and commercial success , gathering particular recognition for the film 's unique color processing , which rendered most of the film in black and white but retained or added coloring for selected objects . The film was screened at the 2005 Cannes Film Festival in competition and won the Technical Grand Prize for the film 's `` visual shaping '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "727345278309a73012f2a75ba6c093c6", "text": "Highlander (film) Highlander is a 1986 British-American adventure action fantasy film directed by Russell Mulcahy and based on a story by Gregory Widen . It stars Christopher Lambert , Sean Connery , Clancy Brown , and Roxanne Hart . The film narrates the climax of an ages-old battle between immortal warriors , depicted through interwoven past and present-day storylines . Christopher Lambert plays swordsman Connor MacLeod from Scottish Highlands , known as the Highlander , one of a number of immortal warriors , who can only be killed by decapitation . After initial training by another highly skilled immortal swordsman , Ramirez ( Sean Connery ) , MacLeod lives on for several centuries , eventually settling in New York City , managing an antiques shop . In 1985 , he falls in love with a policewoman named Brenda and finds out that he must face his biggest enemy , Clancy Brown 's Kurgan , who wishes to kill MacLeod and to obtain `` the Prize '' -- a special ability which is given to the last living immortal warrior , vast knowledge and the ability to enslave the entire human race . Highlander enjoyed little success on its initial theatrical release , grossing over $ 12 million worldwide against a production budget of $ 19 million , and received mixed reviews . Nevertheless , it became a cult film and launched Lambert to stardom . The film inspired a franchise which included film sequels and television spin-offs . Its tagline , `` There can be only one '' , has carried on throughout the franchise , as have the songs provided for the film by the rock band Queen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64daf635e0704799258b62ebaea7c666", "text": "Art film An art film is typically a serious , independent film aimed at a niche market rather than a mass market audience . An art film is `` intended to be a serious artistic work , often experimental and not designed for mass appeal '' ; they are `` made primarily for aesthetic reasons rather than commercial profit '' , and they contain `` unconventional or highly symbolic content '' . Film critics and film studies scholars typically define an art film as possessing `` formal qualities that mark them as different from mainstream Hollywood films '' , which can include , among other elements , a sense of social realism ; an emphasis on the authorial expressiveness of the director ; and a focus on the thoughts , dreams , or motivations of characters , as opposed to the unfolding of a clear , goal-driven story . Film scholar David Bordwell describes art cinema as `` a film genre , with its own distinct conventions '' . Art film producers usually present their films at specialty theatres ( repertory cinemas , or , in the U.S. , `` arthouse cinemas '' ) and film festivals . The term art film is much more widely used in the United States , the UK and Australia than in Europe , where the term is more associated with `` auteur '' films and `` national cinema '' ( e.g. , German national cinema ) . Because they are aimed at small niche market audiences , they can rarely get the financial backing that will permit large production budgets , expensive special effects , costly celebrity actors , or huge advertising campaigns , as are used in widely released mainstream blockbuster films . Art film directors make up for these constraints by creating a different type of film , which typically uses lesser-known film actors ( or even amateur actors ) and modest sets to make films that focus much more on developing ideas or exploring new narrative techniques or film-making conventions . A certain degree of experience and knowledge are required to fully understand or appreciate such films . One mid-1990s art film was called `` largely a cerebral experience '' that one enjoys `` because of what you know about film '' . This contrasts sharply with mainstream `` blockbuster '' films , which are geared more towards escapism and pure entertainment . For promotion , art films rely on the publicity generated from film critics ' reviews , discussion of their film by arts columnists , commentators and bloggers , and `` word-of-mouth '' promotion by audience members . Since art films have small initial investment costs , they only need to appeal to a small portion of the mainstream viewing audiences to become financially viable .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad52e1a831b954dae2b9b97d7f8fc469", "text": "American Beauty (1999 film) American Beauty is a 1999 American drama film directed by Sam Mendes and written by Alan Ball . Kevin Spacey stars as Lester Burnham , a 42-year-old advertising executive who has a midlife crisis when he becomes infatuated with his teenaged daughter 's best friend , Angela ( Mena Suvari ) . Annette Bening co-stars as Lester 's materialistic wife , Carolyn , and Thora Birch plays their insecure daughter , Jane . Wes Bentley , Chris Cooper , and Allison Janney also feature . The film is described by academics as a satire of American middle-class notions of beauty and personal satisfaction ; analysis has focused on the film 's explorations of romantic , and paternal love , sexuality , beauty , materialism , self-liberation , and redemption . Ball began writing American Beauty as a play in the early 1990s , partly inspired by the media circus around the Amy Fisher trial in 1992 . He shelved the play after realizing the story would not work on stage . After several years as a television screenwriter , Ball revived the idea in 1997 when attempting to break into the film industry . The modified script had a cynical outlook that was influenced by Ball 's frustrating tenures writing for several sitcoms . Producers Dan Jinks and Bruce Cohen took American Beauty to DreamWorks ; the then-fledgling film studio bought Ball 's script for $ 250,000 , outbidding several other production bodies . DreamWorks financed the $ 15 million production and served as its North American distributor . American Beauty marked acclaimed theater director Mendes ' film debut ; courted after his successful productions of the musicals Oliver ! and Cabaret , Mendes was , nevertheless , only given the job after 20 others were considered and several `` A-list '' directors turned down the opportunity . Spacey was Mendes ' first choice for the role of Lester , though DreamWorks had urged the director to consider better-known actors ; similarly , the studio suggested several actors for the role of Carolyn until Mendes offered the part to Bening without DreamWorks ' knowledge . Principal photography took place between December 1998 and February 1999 on soundstages at the Warner Bros. backlot in Burbank , California , and on location in Los Angeles . Mendes ' dominant style was deliberate and composed ; he made extensive use of static shots and slow pans and zooms to generate tension . Cinematographer Conrad Hall complemented Mendes ' style with peaceful shot compositions to contrast with the turbulent on-screen events . During editing , Mendes made several changes that gave the film a less cynical tone than the script . Released in North America on September 17 , 1999 , American Beauty was positively received by critics and grossed over $ 356 million worldwide . Reviewers praised most aspects of the production , with particular emphasis on Mendes , Spacey , and Ball ; criticism focused on the familiarity of the characters and setting . DreamWorks launched a major campaign to increase the film 's chances of Academy Award success ; at the 72nd Academy Awards the following year , the film won Best Picture , Best Director , Best Actor ( for Spacey ) , Best Original Screenplay , and Best Cinematography . It was nominated for and won many other awards and honors , mainly for the direction , writing , and acting .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ccd1f6917e7da5a86046ef187c814d4f", "text": "A Dangerous Method A Dangerous Method is a 2011 German-Canadian-American-British historical film directed by David Cronenberg and starring Keira Knightley , Viggo Mortensen , Michael Fassbender , and Vincent Cassel . The screenplay was adapted by writer Christopher Hampton from his 2002 stage play The Talking Cure , which was based on the 1993 non-fiction book by John Kerr , A Most Dangerous Method : The story of Jung , Freud , and Sabina Spielrein . The film marks the third consecutive collaboration between Cronenberg and Viggo Mortensen ( after A History of Violence and Eastern Promises ) . This is also the third Cronenberg film made with British film producer Jeremy Thomas , after completing together the William Burroughs adaptation Naked Lunch and the J. G. Ballard adaptation Crash . A Dangerous Method was a German/Canadian co-production . The film premiered at the 68th Venice Film Festival and was also featured at the 2011 Toronto International Film Festival . Set on the eve of World War I , A Dangerous Method describes the turbulent relationships between Carl Jung , founder of analytical psychology ; Sigmund Freud , founder of the discipline of psychoanalysis ; and Sabina Spielrein , initially a patient of Jung and later a physician and one of the first female psychoanalysts . Among the film 's many honors , Mortensen was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor -- Motion Picture for his portrayal of Freud .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "267db677899b39548ffe26dd2b75b8ad", "text": "James Edward Arnold James Edward `` Jim '' Arnold ( May 7 , 1939 -- October 4 , 2007 ) was a prominent American businessman . Arnold was one of Pirelli North America 's last presidents and was also the president of Bohn Aluminum and a major consultant to Wicks ( a group most famous for its ownership of the Lowe 's hardware chain ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f311b4849300370f2309f59968a1f2b9", "text": "T2 3-D: Battle Across Time T2 3-D : Battle Across Time is an attraction at various Universal Studios parks around the world including those in Florida and Japan . The version of the show at Universal Studios Hollywood closed in 2012 . The attraction is a mini-sequel to Terminator 2 : Judgment Day and reunites director James Cameron and the main cast from the movie , including Arnold Schwarzenegger as The Terminator , Linda Hamilton as Sarah Connor , Edward Furlong as John Connor , and Robert Patrick as the T-1000 . The show was presented in two parts ; a pre-show where a Cyberdyne Systems company hostess shows guests a brief video presentation about the company 's innovations , and the main show , where live performers interact with a 3-D film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f5e53cfede627f8cbb57d13ba14ca818", "text": "Commando (1985 film) Commando is a 1985 American action film directed by Mark L. Lester , and starring Arnold Schwarzenegger and Rae Dawn Chong . The film was released in the United States on October 4 , 1985 . The film was nominated for a Saturn Award for Best Special Effects but lost to Back to the Future . The film 's score was provided by James Horner . A critical and commercial success , Commando was the 7th highest-grossing R-rated movie of 1985 worldwide , and the 25th highest-grossing overall .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e700a9680540bc1e0014e24e0e0d274", "text": "Hollywood blacklist The Hollywood blacklist -- as the broader entertainment industry blacklist is generally known -- was the practice of denying employment to screenwriters , actors , directors , musicians , and other American entertainment professionals during the mid-20th century because they were accused of having Communist ties or sympathies . Artists were barred from work on the basis of their alleged membership in or sympathy with the Communist Party USA or refusal to assist investigations into the party 's activities . Even during the period of its strictest enforcement , the late 1940s through the late 1950s , the blacklist was rarely made explicit or verifiable , but it directly damaged the careers of scores of individuals working in the film industry . The first systematic Hollywood blacklist was instituted on November 25 , 1947 , the day after ten writers and directors were cited for contempt of Congress for refusing to testify to the House Un-American Activities Committee . A group of studio executives , acting under the aegis of the Association of Motion Picture Producers , fired the artists -- the so-called Hollywood Ten -- and made what has become known as the Waldorf Statement . On June 22 , 1950 , a pamphlet entitled Red Channels was published . Focused on the field of broadcasting , it identified 151 entertainment industry professionals in the context of `` Red Fascists and their sympathizers . '' Soon , most of those named , along with a host of other artists , were barred from employment in most of the entertainment field . The blacklist lasted until 1960 , when Dalton Trumbo , a Communist Party member from 1943 to 1948 and member of the Hollywood Ten , was credited as the screenwriter of the highly successful film Exodus , and later publicly acknowledged by actor Kirk Douglas for writing the screenplay for the movie Spartacus . A number of those blacklisted , however , were still barred from work in their professions for years afterward .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d99ca7e631d2ccbc81efde67357bff3", "text": "Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country Star Trek VI : The Undiscovered Country is a 1991 American science fiction film released by Paramount Pictures . It is the sixth feature film based on Star Trek , and a sequel to the 1966 -- 1969 Star Trek television series . Taking place after the events of Star Trek V : The Final Frontier , it is the last film featuring the entire cast of the original series . After the destruction of the Klingon moon Praxis leads the Klingon Empire to pursue peace with their long-time adversary the Federation , the crew of the USS Enterprise must race against unseen conspirators with a militaristic agenda . The sixth film in the series was initially planned as a prequel to the original series , with younger actors portraying the crew of the Enterprise while attending Starfleet Academy , but the idea was discarded because of negative reaction from the original cast and the fans . Faced with producing a new film in time for Star Trek 's 25th anniversary , Nicholas Meyer , the director of Star Trek II : The Wrath of Khan , and Denny Martin Flinn wrote a script based on a suggestion from Leonard Nimoy about what would happen if `` the Wall came down in space '' , touching on the contemporary events of the Cold War . Principal photography took place between April and September 1991 . The production budget was smaller than anticipated because of the critical and commercial disappointment of The Final Frontier . Because of a lack of sound stage space on the Paramount lot , many scenes were filmed around Hollywood . Meyer and cinematographer Hiro Narita aimed for a darker and more dramatic mood , subtly altering sets originally used for the television series Star Trek : The Next Generation . Producer Steven-Charles Jaffe led a second unit that filmed on an Alaskan glacier that stood in for a Klingon gulag . Cliff Eidelman produced the film 's score , which is intentionally darker than previous Star Trek offerings . The film was released in North America on December 6 , 1991 . The Undiscovered Country garnered positive reviews , with publications praising the lighthearted acting and facetious references . The film performed strongly at the box office . It posted the largest opening weekend gross of the series before going on to earn $ 96,888,996 worldwide . The film earned two Academy Award nominations , for Best Makeup and Best Sound Effects , and is the only Star Trek movie to win the Saturn Award for Best Science Fiction Film . A special collectors ' edition DVD version of the film was released in 2004 , to which Meyer had made minor alterations . Star Trek creator Gene Roddenberry died shortly before the movie 's premiere , just days after viewing the film . The film marked the final appearance together of the original series ' cast .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e67aaa4f6a89fbf3fed7fbc1599522e9", "text": "The Temptations of Jean-Claude Killy `` The Temptations of Jean-Claude Killy '' is an article published in the premiere issue of Scanlan 's Monthly in March 1970 , written by Hunter S. Thompson . The subject of the article is Jean-Claude Killy , the alpine skiing champion who , in the 1968 Winter Olympics , became the second alpine skier ever to win three gold medals in a single olympic games . By the time of the article Killy , then 26 , was retired from skiing and had embarked on the next phase of his career -- endorsements . Thompson 's article follows Killy around the United States during his marketing tour for the Chevrolet automotive company . As he attends automotive shows , holds press conferences , and makes appearances for television ( all in conjunction with fellow Chevrolet spokesman , O.J. Simpson ) Thompson chronicles the newly flush world of celebrity sports endorsements . Though endorsement by a sports figure was not an entirely new concept , the world-wide magnitude of Killy 's stardom made his Chevrolet contract something of a fascination for Thompson . The article 's focus on the relative depths of the new pitch-man status obtained by Killy so shortly after the incredible heights he had achieved develops through acerbic descriptions of the settings Killy finds himself in , the automotive executives that profit by him , and the fans and onlookers who make him such a valuable spokesman . Through it all , Killy 's focus on his own enormous profit is a source of worry to Thompson . The trend he sees developing is one of larger-than-life stars -- athletes of the highest physical standards who have achieved feats unimaginable by normal people -- demeaning themselves and their accomplishments by agreeing to shill for a few extra dollars . An enormous sports fan himself , Thompson is distraught by this turn of events and wonders that Killy was never quite sure `` why I was embarrassed for him in those scenes . '' Thompson compares Killy to F. Scott Fitzgerald 's Gatsby : although , unlike that character , Killy 's dollars are earned honestly , the author concludes while watching Killy 's selling of himself that `` nothing in his narrow , high-powered experience can allow him to understand how I can watch his act and say that it looks , to me , like a very hard dollar -- maybe the hardest . '' The article was later included in Thompson 's collection The Great Shark Hunt ( 1979 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "abf2693f7a87a069f3ef56ad895fca21", "text": "Theo Kamecke Theo Kamecke ( born October 18 , 1937 ) is a sculptor , who previously worked as a film director during the 1960s and 1970s . Kamecke 's best known film is Moonwalk One - a NASA commissioned documentary feature film to cover their Apollo 11 mission in the summer of 1969 . Theo 's other influential films included The Incredible Bread Machine Film , and To Be Alive , which he worked as a film editor on . Since the 1980s , Theo has worked as a sculptor , working in the medium of early electronic circuits . His work has been purchased by film director James Cameron .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0d258489fbaf472858203704455e2012", "text": "Christian Schwarzenegger Christian Schwarzenegger ( born 11 November 1959 in Zürich ) is a Swiss academic lawyer and professor of criminal law , criminal procedure and criminology at the University of Zurich . He is the son of an Austrian musician and later engineer , who immigrated in the 1950s from Styria to Switzerland . The father of Christian Schwarzenegger is a cousin of Arnold Schwarzenegger , the actor and former governor of California . Christian Schwarzenegger grew up in Zürich . He has been married since 1986 and has a son .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a913a508bcb016d99cd6c7e4975a6a1", "text": "Major film studio A major film studio is a production and film distributor that releases a substantial number of films annually and consistently commands a significant share of box office revenue in a given market . In the North American , Western , and global markets , the major film studios , often simply known as the majors , are commonly regarded as the six diversified media conglomerates whose various film production and distribution subsidiaries collectively command approximately 80 to 85 percent of U.S. and Canadian box office revenue . The term may also be applied more specifically to the primary motion picture business subsidiary of each respective conglomerate . The `` Big Six '' majors , whose operations are based in or around the Los Angeles neighborhood of Hollywood , are all centered in film studios active during Hollywood 's Golden Age of the 1930s and 1940s . In three cases -- 20th Century Fox , Warner Bros. , and Paramount -- the studios were one of the `` Big Five '' majors during that era as well . In two cases -- Columbia and Universal -- the studios were also considered majors , but in the next tier down , part of the `` Little Three '' . In the sixth case , Walt Disney Studios was an independent production company during the Golden Age ; it was an important Hollywood entity , but not a major . Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , United Artists , and RKO were majors . Today , Disney is the only member of the Big Six whose parent entity is still located near Los Angeles ( actually , on Disney 's studio lot and in the same building ) . The five others report to conglomerates headquartered in New York City , Philadelphia , and Tokyo . Of the Big Six , Paramount is the only one still based in Hollywood , and Paramount and Fox are the only ones still located within the Los Angeles city limits , while Disney and Warner Bros. are located in Burbank , Columbia in Culver City , and Universal in the unincorporated area of Universal City . Most of today 's Big Six control subsidiaries with their own distribution networks that concentrate on arthouse pictures ( e.g. Fox Searchlight Pictures ) or genre films ( e.g. Sony 's Screen Gems ) ; several of these specialty units were shut down or sold off between 2008 and 2010 . The six major studios are contrasted with smaller production and/or distribution companies , which are known as independents or `` indies '' . The leading independent producer/distributors -- Lionsgate Films , The Weinstein Company , and former major studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer -- are sometimes referred to as `` mini-majors '' . From 1998 through 2005 , DreamWorks SKG commanded a large enough market share to arguably qualify it as a seventh major , despite its relatively small output . In 2006 , DreamWorks was acquired by Viacom , Paramount 's corporate parent . In late 2008 , DreamWorks once again became an independent production company ; its films were distributed by Disney 's Touchstone Pictures until 2016 , at which point distribution switched to Universal . The Big Six major studios are today primarily backers and distributors of films whose actual production is largely handled by independent companies -- either long-running entities or ones created for and dedicated to the making of a specific film . The specialty divisions often simply acquire distribution rights to pictures in which the studio has had no prior involvement . While the majors still do a modicum of true production , their activities are focused more in the areas of development , financing , marketing , and merchandising . Those business functions are still usually performed in or near Los Angeles , even though the runaway production phenomenon means that most films are now mostly or completely shot on location at places outside Los Angeles . Since the dawn of filmmaking , the U.S. major film studios have dominated both American cinema and the global film industry . U.S. studios have benefited from a strong first-mover advantage in that they were the first to industrialize filmmaking and master the art of mass-producing and distributing high-quality films with broad cross-cultural appeal . Today , the Big Six majors routinely distribute hundreds of films every year into all significant international markets ( that is , where discretionary income is high enough for consumers to afford to watch films ) . It is very rare , if not impossible , for a film to reach a broad international audience on multiple continents and in multiple languages without first being picked up by one of the majors for distribution .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1c8fd70f1296652a885808b8e0f02161", "text": "Indestructible Man Indestructible Man is a 1956 American crime horror science fiction film , an original screenplay by Vy Russell and Sue Dwiggins for producer-director Jack Pollexfen and starring Lon Chaney , Jr. , Ross Elliott and Robert Shayne . The picture was produced independently by C.G.K. Productions , and distributed in the United States by Allied Artists Pictures Corporation . The film was distributed theatrically in 1956 on a double bill with World Without End '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ec915b9f8fed61ce370c379fcf078a9c", "text": "Tomorrow Never Dies Tomorrow Never Dies ( 1997 ) is the eighteenth spy film in the James Bond series , and the second to star Pierce Brosnan as the fictional MI6 agent James Bond . Directed by Roger Spottiswoode , with the screenplay written by Bruce Feirstein , the film follows Bond as he attempts to stop Elliot Carver , a power-mad media mogul , from engineering world events to initiate World War III . The film was produced by Michael G. Wilson and Barbara Broccoli , and was the first James Bond film made after the death of producer Albert R. Broccoli , to whom the movie pays tribute in the end credits . Filming locations included France , Thailand , Germany , Mexico and the United Kingdom . Tomorrow Never Dies performed well at the box office and earned a Golden Globe nomination despite mixed reviews . While its performance at the domestic box office surpassed that of its predecessor , GoldenEye , it was the only Pierce Brosnan Bond film not to open at number one at the box office , as it opened the same day as Titanic , but instead at number two .", "title": "" } ]
fever
d5dad1ad424de4f38058f24fe5b99848
Nina Simone went to school in a city.
[ { "docid": "a10e97350c98b8e0ac8ab5b8e2f94c74", "text": "Nina Simone Nina Simone ( -LSB- ˈniːnə_sᵻˈmoʊn -RSB- born Eunice Kathleen Waymon ; February 21 , 1933 -- April 21 , 2003 ) was an American singer , songwriter , pianist , arranger , and activist in the Civil Rights Movement . Simone employed a broad range of musical styles including classical , jazz , blues , folk , R&B , gospel , and pop . Born in North Carolina , the sixth child of a preacher , Waymon aspired to be a concert pianist . With the help of a few supporters in her hometown of Tryon , North Carolina , she enrolled in the Juilliard School of Music in New York . Waymon then applied for a scholarship to study at the prestigious Curtis Institute of Music in Philadelphia , where she was denied despite a well-received audition . Waymon became fully convinced this rejection had been entirely due to her race , a statement that has been a matter of controversy . Years later , two days before her death , the Curtis Institute of Music bestowed on her an honorary degree . To make a living , Eunice Waymon changed her name to `` Nina Simone '' . The change related to her need to disguise herself from family members , having chosen to play `` the devil 's music '' or `` cocktail piano '' at a nightclub in Atlantic City . She was told in the nightclub that she would have to sing to her own accompaniment , and this effectively launched her career as a jazz vocalist . Simone recorded more than 40 albums , mostly between 1958 , when she made her debut with Little Girl Blue , and 1974 . She had a hit in the United States in 1958 with `` I Loves You , Porgy '' . Simone 's musical style fused gospel and pop with classical music , in particular Johann Sebastian Bach , and accompanied expressive , jazz-like singing in her contralto voice .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "cba6947fe35c4558f21f0a6ce8585508", "text": "Hostos Community College Eugenio María de Hostos Community College of The City University of New York is a community college in the City University of New York ( CUNY ) system located in the South Bronx , New York City . Hostos Community College was created by an act of the Board of Higher Education in 1968 in response to demands from the Hispanic/Puerto Rican community , which was urging for the establishment of a college to serve the people of the South Bronx . In 1970 , the college admitted its first class of 623 students at the site of a former tire factory . Several years later , the college moved to a larger site nearby at 149th Street and Grand Concourse . Hostos is the first institution of higher education on the mainland to be named after a Puerto Rican , Eugenio María de Hostos , an educator , writer , and patriot . A large proportion ( approximately 60 percent ) of the student population is Hispanic , thus many of the courses at Hostos are offered in Spanish , and the college also provides extensive English and ESL instruction to students . The Hostos Center for the Arts & Culture is a performing arts center contained within the college campus . It consists of a museum-grade art gallery , a 367-seat Repertory Theater , and a 900-seat Main Theater , presenting artists of national and international renown . It has been showcasing theater , dance and music artists for 33 years , with the mission `` to be a cultural force in the Bronx and throughout the New York metropolitan area . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2cee6de857fdca9be35e3819a722b310", "text": "Schoolkids Records Schoolkids Records is a retail indie record store based in the `` Triangle '' region of Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill , North Carolina . Founded in 1974 , Schoolkids is one of the longest running music retail stores in the country and at one point had as many as 7 stores throughout the eastern North Carolina region ( Raleigh ( 2 ) , Durham , Chapel Hill , Cary , Greenville ) and one in Athens , Georgia . As of 2009 the main flagship store in Raleigh , NC ( Across from NC State University ) was the sole location still in business . In October 2013 , the store announced it would relocate to the Mission Valley Shopping Center to make way for a destination hotel that was causing the eviction of several local businesses along Hillsborough Street . The new location would still allow the business to operate close to the university , while expanding space for live music performances and the ability to sell craft beers . The store has often been located close to College and University campus and focuses mostly on selling Alternative , Independent and College music , selling both Vinyl and CDs , with the trend largely going back to more and more Vinyl by 2012 . Schoolkids has been widely known as the main record store for almost 40 years ( until the other locations closed ) around schools such as : North Carolina State University , The University of North Carolina , Duke University , East Carolina University and The University of Georgia . The store has often been the destination and shopping preference for many local and national bands in this area , many of whom either worked at the store or started selling their first albums or 7 '' singles at the store on consignment . Artists to get their start selling records at Schoolkids include : Ryan Adams and Whiskeytown , Superchunk , Archers of Loaf , Ben Folds , The Connells , Polvo , Athenaeum , Squirrel Nut Zippers and many others . The store was also one of the first retail outlets to sell No Depression Magazine and to work with labels such as Merge Records , Mammoth Records and Yep Roc Records . The store saw its highest level of sales in the early 90 's when the independent music sector exploded with the success of Nirvana . Schoolkids has often been confused with some of the other stores in the country with the same name , including `` School Kids Records '' and `` School Kids in Exile '' in Ann Arbor , Michigan as well as other cities like Gainesville , Florida , but the stores were not connected in ownership to the main independent chain in North Carolina . Schoolkids is a founding members of the CIMS Coalition , The first national Coalition of Independent Music Stores and has also been named by both Time Magazine and The Grammys as one of the `` top ten '' record stores in the United States . In 2014 , in their new location at the Mission Valley Shopping Center ( just on the south side of NC State 's main campus ) , Schoolkids obtained an ABC license and started serving craft beers on draft and cans to their customers . The store increased its instore performances from national and local bands and became a store by day and a lounge-style bar/venue by night . Shows end early ( generally start at 8pm ) and are over by 10pm . All shows are free and the store encourages customers to tip the band in a ` pass the Devo energy dome ' event each night . For Record Store Day 2014 , Schoolkids had its best sales day in its 40-year history . In July , they hosted a 40th Anniversary show for free at the Lincoln Theatre and the lineup was : The DeBonzo Brothers , Hank Sinatra , Six String Drag , The Baseball Project ( Featuring Steve Wynn of the Dream Syndicate and his wife Linda Pitmon , Scott McCaughey ( Minus 5 ) , Mike Mills & Peter Buck ( R.E.M. ) and co-headliners , drivin ' n ' cryin ' . The show was a huge success drawing close to 700 people for the 5 -- 6 hour event . The store also saw Rock & Roll Hall of Fame legend , John Densmore , of the Doors visit for a book signing in September that drew over 300 rabid fans of The Doors to the store to enjoy some beers and get a book signed by a rock and roll legend . At year end , Schoolkids had seen its first growth year in almost 10 years and Vinyl sales were now 70 % of the business , with a growth of 57 % from 2013-2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6f42eaed9e20b3386e35ba8d6891ed28", "text": "Charleston County School of the Arts Charleston High School is a public magnet school located in North Charleston , South Carolina in the United States . It was created in 1995 by Rose Maree Myers , who also founded the Ashley River Creative Arts Elementary School . SOA serves more than 1,000 students in grades 6 through 12 . Admission to SOA is based upon a competitive audition in one of nine majors : creative writing , dance , instrumental band , piano , string orchestra , theater arts , visual arts , vocal music , and fashion and costume design . In January 2010 , SOA moved from its original campus to its new facility , which features one of the finest theaters in the state , The Rose Maree Myers Theater for the Performing Arts . In August 2010 , SOA was joined on its campus by Academic Magnet High School . Both schools were named Gold Medal schools by US News and World Report in its 2012 rankings . SOA has also been joined with Charleston County 's deaf student population . Deaf students can attend honors , AP , CP , and occupational classes depending on what will be most useful to them . Deaf students go around with the regular students , but with their teachers . Like their AMHS counterpart , SOA seniors can also complete senior thesis , or receive an SOA diploma by taking classes such as Arts and Humanities , completing a senior thesis and earning 80 hours ( 20 per year ) of community service from 9th to 12th grade .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eca6b878d58343dd16a6c73a6770a25c", "text": "Simone Egeriis Simone Egeriis ( born January 28 , 1992 ) , better known as simply Simone , is a Danish pop singer . She was born and raised in Slagelse , Denmark . She is known in Denmark for winning the Danish TV talent show Scenen er din ( ` The Stage is Yours ' ) in the category Junior Singing . She has since released three studio albums - her debut was called Vindens Farver or Colours of the Wind , the song from Disney 's Pocahontas , with which she won Scenen er Din . She also plays the violin and the piano .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f7132628c3c9a8896009f91c18a54bdf", "text": "City of New Orleans (album) City of New Orleans '' is a 1984 album by country musician Willie Nelson , released by Columbia Records . The title track was written and originally recorded by Steve Goodman ; his version was released in 1971 . The next year , Arlo Guthrie became the first to have a hit with the song . Nelson 's version topped the U.S. country singles chart . Other covers featured on the album include `` Please Come to Boston '' and `` Wind Beneath My Wings '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a6a79d5159eee54d336404ababb5be40", "text": "The Harlem School of the Arts Harlem School of the Arts ( HSA ) in Harlem , New York was founded in 1964 by soprano Dorothy Maynor , and offers its programs to students of all ages . Mezzo-soprano Betty Allen succeeded Maynor as President in 1979 when a new 37,000 square foot facility designed by Ulrich Franzen was completed . Other Presidents include Allicia Adams , Camille Akjeu , and Daryl Durham . In August 2015 , new President and CEO , Eric G. Pryor , was named . According to its website , the mission of the Harlem School of the Arts is `` to enrich the lives of children and their families in the Harlem community and beyond , through exposure to and instruction in the arts . '' In 2005 , the school was among 406 New York City arts and social service institutions to receive part of a $ 20 million grant from the Carnegie Corporation , which was made possible through a donation by New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg . Harlem School of the Arts was able to weather the financial crisis experienced in 2010 , and stabilize its fiscal position due to a generous gift of 6 million dollars from the Herb Alpert Foundation . Now HSA stands poise to implement sustainable business model , under the leadership of Board Chairman Charles J. Hamilton , Jr. , Esq. , Vice Chair Janice Savin Williams , and newly appointed President , Eric G. Pryor . This notable performing arts institution celebrated its 50th anniversary in 2015 . The school offers courses in four disciplines ; music , theatre , visual arts , and dance . Courses in music include classical , jazz , gospel , R & B , electronic and world music . Dance courses including ballet , modern , ethnic , jazz , and tap dance . In addition to theater classes , the visual art department offers courses which include sculpture , and photography ( digital and film ) . The school 's students are of diverse cultural backgrounds , and tuition is relatively inexpensive in contrast to similar educational institutions in the United States . HSA provides financial aid on a first-come , first-served basis through the generous donations on the Herb Alpert Foundation and other generous benefactors .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6a4247db146d42e27b0c93e0b9f43cba", "text": "Ruby Bridges (film) Ruby Bridges is a 1998 television film , written by Toni Ann Johnson and based on the true story of Ruby Bridges , the first black student to attend integrated schools in New Orleans , Louisiana , in 1960 . As a six-year-old , Bridges was one of four black first-graders , selected on the basis of test scores , to attend previously all-white public schools in New Orleans . Three students were sent to McDonogh 19 , and Ruby was the only black child to be sent to William Frantz Public School . The film was nominated for several awards , including an NAACP Image award . The writer , Toni Ann Johnson , won the 1998 Humanitas Prize for her teleplay . The film also won The Christopher Award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "99d6c86f00ff37c262900a410991123f", "text": "Philip Livingston Magnet Academy The former Philip Livingston Magnet Academy is located along Northern Boulevard in the West Hill neighborhood of Albany , New York , United States . It is a large brick building predominantly in the Colonial Revival architectural style , with some Art Deco touches inside , erected during the 1930s . Additions were made in the 1960s . In 2014 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Philip Livingston Junior High School , the only purpose-built public school building in the city so recognized . During most of its existence , it was one of four middle schools operated by the City School District of Albany , later converted into a magnet school for its final years , during which it declined academically and developed a reputation for crime and violence . It was described as the city 's most outstanding school building upon its opening . It also became one of Albany 's architectural landmarks due to its location at the main arrival point for travelers arriving from , or passing by , the city 's north . Since its closure it has been sold to a private developer and converted to senior housing , a decision some members of the school board have come to regret as the district still has overcrowding issues . From its inception the school played a role in developing the community , an early center of African American migration into Albany , beyond its educational function . The Albany Symphony Orchestra played its concerts in the building 's auditorium for many years . Amelia Earhart spoke at the school , and a 1947 concert by Paul Robeson at the school caused a major local controversy when the city government attempted to block it due to the performer 's known sympathies with the Communist Party .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "86efee386a2e713bdf6f470bdd737344", "text": "Pablo Elvira Pablo Elvira ( September 24 , 1937 -- February 5 , 2000 ) was a Puerto Rican baritone . Elvira was born in San Juan , Puerto Rico , and began his musical career playing jazz trumpet there , with his uncle , Rafael Elvira , in his orchestra , he continued in his father 's band and later started his own band who played at the Hotel San Juan . In 1966 , he joined the voice faculty of the Indiana University School of Music ; during his eight years there he performed baritone roles in many of the school 's opera productions . In 1974 , Elvira made his first appearance with the New York City Opera . He debuted at the Metropolitan Opera in 1978 and performed there over 100 times during the next 12 years in works by Rossini , Donizetti , Verdi , Puccini , Berlioz and Leoncavallo . Elvira maintained his primary residence in Bozeman , Montana , and was a strong supporter of opera in that state .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "25df721ec4cc99fcb2b1e616f45328b2", "text": "Waldorf School of New Orleans Waldorf School of New Orleans is a private , independent school , the only Louisiana affiliate of the Association of Waldorf Schools in North America . Founded as the Hill School in 2000 , Waldorf School of New Orleans ' Grade School is currently housed in a masterfully renovated 19th century bread factory , within view of working wharves along the Mississippi River , in the Irish Channel neighborhood . The Waldorf Early Childhood Center is about two miles away , in a quiet , residential Uptown neighborhood . Waldorf School of New Orleans offers an academically rigorous , arts-integrated , experiential approach to education , in harmony with the physical , emotional , and intellectual development of children from Nursery through 8th grade .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9de11cdaf7236f364853cab7de105379", "text": "Fourth Ward School (Virginia City, Nevada) The Fourth Ward School is an historic 4-story mansard-roofed former public school building located at 537 South `` C '' Street in Virginia City , Nevada . Designed in 1876 by architect C. M. Bennett in the Second Empire style of architecture , it originally held over 1000 students in grades 1 though 9 divided into three departments : primary ( grades 1 though 4 ) ; second grammar ( grades 5 though 7 ) and high school ( grades 8 and 9 ) . Grades 10 through 12 were added by 1909 . It graduated its last class in 1936 , after which its students were moved to a new school built by the Works Progress Administration . The building then fell into disrepair and remained closed until 1986 when it was reopened as the Historic Fourth Ward School Museum . The museum features exhibits of city history , 19th century education , Mark Twain 's life , area mining and a letter printing press . The Fourth Ward School is a contributing property in the Virginia City Historic District which was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1961 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1966 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "07afdd9ecd0f371f81a4ab5df8bd07a6", "text": "St. Mary's Academy (New Orleans) St. Mary 's Academy is an all-girls Roman Catholic parochial high school in New Orleans , Louisiana . It is located in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New Orleans . Saint Mary 's Academy 's long tradition continues as a private Catholic college preparatory co-educational elementary and a middle / high school for young women . In a family oriented atmosphere , Saint Mary 's is committed to educating the whole person . Students are taught to live Christian values , think critically , give service and act responsibly in a global society .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "524f73ce2a9263bddece6478dfd0cb09", "text": "Mississippi School for Mathematics and Science The Mississippi School for Mathematics and Science ( MSMS ) is Mississippi 's only public residential high school for academically gifted students and is located in Columbus , Mississippi on the campus of the Mississippi University for Women . A member of the National Consortium for Secondary STEM Schools ( NCSSS ) , it is a statewide public magnet school . Tenth-grade students are selected to attend through a competitive application process that includes standardized test scores , a written application , and an interview . The school enrolls students in the last two years of high school graduating over 100 students each year . The class of 2016 produced 11 National Merit Semifinalists . While the main academic focus of MSMS is mathematics and science , humanities , particularly history , literature , and art are also emphasized .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5b484f5f312b873da07242c9f24c3100", "text": "Bayard Rustin Educational Complex The Bayard Rustin Educational Complex -- also known as the Humanities Educational Complex -- at West 18th Street between Eighth and Ninth Avenues in the Chelsea neighborhood of Manhattan , New York City , is a `` vertical campus '' of the New York City Department of Education which contains a number of small public schools , most of them high schools -- grades 9 through 12 -- along with one combined middle and high school -- grades 6 through 12 . The building formerly housed Bayard Rustin High School for the Humanities ( M440 ) , a comprehensive school which graduated its last class in the 2011-2012 school year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7840348630b0171ea1b2bd77b898d2ea", "text": "Charlotte Latin School Charlotte Latin School is an independent , coeducational , non-sectarian , non-partisan , college-preparatory day school , founded in 1970 , serving approximately 1,400 students in transitional kindergarten through twelfth grade and located in Charlotte , North Carolina , United States . In 1977 , Charlotte Latin was the youngest school in the nation to be granted a Cum Laude Society charter , and has been named three times as a Blue Ribbon School of Excellence by the United States Department of Education . The school is jointly accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools and the Southern Association of Independent Schools , and the North Carolina Department of Public Instruction .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b04161fffd309136a4a9a120f4c3946b", "text": "Simone Sello Simone Sello ( born July 4 , 1968 ) is an Italian born guitarist , music producer , songwriter and music journalist . He is known for his work with the Sanremo Festival Orchestra , Chicanery , Billy Sheehan , Aaron Carter , Disney , Hannah Montana , Vasco Rossi , Amber Lily , and Warren Cuccurullo , both as a producer and guitarist ; and as a journalist for the magazines Chitarre , Strumenti Musicali , Accordo and Ganzo . He is an owner of music production companies RedRum Productions , Session Recording and MusicDemoProducer.com , with each company oriented towards a distinct clientele . RedRum Productions is geared towards contemporary music production for artists , film and TV ; Session Recording mostly caters to projects outside the Los Angeles area , and MusicDemoProducer.com aims to bring a simplified approach to professional music production to any user , over the web . His musical upbringing is based on classical violin studies , as well as watching and hearing his father play guitar , but he never took a formal guitar lesson , in spite of his career as a guitar player . His influences include major classical and jazz composers and performers , ( Bach , Ravel , Miles Davis , Weather Report ) , pop and rock acts ( The Beatles , David Bowie , Pink Floyd , Metallica , Lucio Battisti ) , and experimental artists ( Luciano Berio , Brian Eno , Terje Rypdal , Klaus Schulze ) . Equally interested in performing , composing and producing music , Simone started getting hired to play guitar for recording sessions and live performances by artists in his hometown Rome when he was 17 years old , and eventually became known on a national level . While building a long list of musical collaborations , he started writing articles for magazines , thus achieving a different kind of exposure , still in the music field . At the age of 29 , he moved to Los Angeles to push his musician and journalist careers , by joining a big international scene .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bf5ba27215a904478f985887f371d0f9", "text": "Nicholls State University Nicholls State University , founded in 1948 , is a public university located in Thibodaux , Louisiana , United States . Nicholls is part of the University of Louisiana System of universities . Originally named Francis T. Nicholls Junior College , the university is named for Francis T. Nicholls , a former governor of Louisiana and member of the Louisiana Supreme Court . The 287 acre campus , once part of historic Acadia Plantation , fronts on Bayou Lafourche , about 50 mi southwest of New Orleans and 60 mi southeast of Baton Rouge . Its oldest structure , Elkins Hall , was completed in 1948 and is on the National Register of Historic Places . Nicholls is located in the Acadiana region . It is also within the geographical bounds of the Mississippi River Delta , and close to the Mississippi River , its distributaries , Louisiana 's wetlands , and the Gulf of Mexico .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6f1160652a8f20be9805a101fa955abe", "text": "Nina Zivancevic Nina Živančević ( born 1957 ) is a Serbian-born poet , playwright , fiction writer , translator , scholar , performer , curator and art critic . She apprenticed as a young poet with Allen Ginsberg and has gone on to work in various capacities as both a writer and scholar of experimental , underground and avant-garde literature .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2ef9f6311fd26153a9f6e084211b7fab", "text": "Nina Simone at Newport Nina Simone at Newport is an album by jazz singer and musician Nina Simone . It was her second live album for Colpix , recorded at the Newport Jazz Festival on June 30 , 1960 . All arrangements were written by Nina Simone , and it was produced by Stu Phillips .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4b4b628f663fc9de08a8316c4f86f32e", "text": "New World School of the Arts New World School of the Arts ( NWSA ) is a public magnet high school and college in Downtown Miami , Florida . Its dual-enrollment programs in the visual and performing arts are organized into four strands : visual arts , dance , theatre ( comprising programs in theater and musical theatre ) , and music ( comprising programs in instrumental music and vocal music ) . The New World School of the Arts was a pioneer in dual-enrollment education , arising out of an experiment between Miami Northwestern High School and Dade Community College ( now Miami Dade College ) . NWSA was formally created as an outcome of that experiment by the 1986 New World School of the Arts Act of the Florida State Legislature as `` a center of excellence for the performing and visual art '' , with the stated intention `` that specific attention be given to the needs of artistically talented high school students who are occupationally oriented to the arts . '' The school is jointly administered by Miami-Dade County Public Schools , Miami Dade College , and the University of Florida . The administrative structure includes an executive board with representatives from each of the partners as well as community seats and a foundation board . The school awards an Associate of Arts degree from Miami Dade College , Bachelor of Fine Arts and Bachelor of Music degrees from the University of Florida , and a high school degree from the Miami Dade County schools . Admissions into the high school are through the Miami Dade Visual and Performing Arts Magnet Program , requiring an audition and/or portfolio ( see High School Admissions ) . New World High School is consistently in the top 100 best high schools as rated by US News & World Report . In 2009 , NWSA was 82nd in this ranking . Both the college and the high school are accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools .", "title": "" } ]
fever
5c00b253301b41acb67357f647299ee5
19 Kids and Counting was made in America.
[ { "docid": "c2e64a24d1784034223e9891f7f94dbe", "text": "19 Kids and Counting 19 Kids and Counting ( formerly 17 Kids and Counting and 18 Kids and Counting ) was an American reality television show that aired on the cable channel TLC for seven years , until its cancellation in 2015 . The show featured the Duggar family : parents Jim Bob and Michelle Duggar and their nineteen children -- nine girls and ten boys , all of whose names begin with the letter `` J. '' During the life of the show , three children were born , three children were married and four grandchildren were born . The reality show focused on the life of the Duggar family who are devout Baptists . and frequently discussed values of purity , modesty , and faith in God . The Duggars avoid birth control saying they have decided to allow God to determine the number of children they have . All of the children are homeschooled , and access to entertainment such as movies and television is limited . They practice chaperoned courtship , in which a couple acquaints itself only in a group setting . The values presented on the show have been associated with the Quiverfull movement , which has been described as promoting strict family conformity , male hierarchies , and subservient roles for women . The Duggars have stated they are not associated with the Quiverfull movement . The series began on September 29 , 2008 and concluded on May 19 , 2015 . The show was TLC 's most popular , averaging 2.3 million viewers per new episode in Season 10 , and scoring in the Nielsen `` Cable Top 25 . '' On May 22 , 2015 , TLC suspended the series when the Duggars ' eldest son , Josh , publicly apologized for having `` acted inexcusably '' following reports that he molested five girls , including some of his sisters , by fondling them . These events occurred in 2002 and 2003 , when he was 14 to 15 years of age , and prior to the beginning of the show . On July 16 , 2015 , TLC announced that the show was officially canceled and would not resume production . A spin-off show , Counting On , aired in December 2015 and the fourth season will premiere June 12 , 2017 .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "71ffc98b2a1e3faf8dc6f62b0ef502ee", "text": "The New Americans The New Americans is a seven-hour American documentary , produced by Kartemquin Films , that was originally broadcast on American television over three nights on the Public Broadcasting Service ( PBS ) in late March 2004 . The observational documentary , which includes minimal voice-over narration and very little direct interviewing of its subjects ( and none in which the interviewer 's voice is heard ) , follows the lives of a series of immigrants to the United States over the course of four years . The series was filmed between 1998 and 2001 , although not all of its subjects were filmed during that entire length of time . The immigrants were filmed both in their countries of origin before immigrating as well as in the United States . The filming during this period was extensive and occurred in the subjects ' homes , at their places of work , in government offices , and in a number of other situations , many of them quite intimate . As a result , The New Americans offers an unusually personal and comprehensive look at the people it profiles . The immigrants profiled and filmed in The New Americans include a group of baseball players from the Dominican Republic hoping to secure a career in Major League Baseball ; a computer programmer from India and his wife ; a family with six children from a farming community in the state of Guanajuato , Mexico ; a family of Ogoni refugees from Nigeria ; and a woman from Palestine who moves to the United States to be with her new husband , a first-generation Palestinian-American who grew up in Chicago . The locations shown in the documentary include not only each of the immigrants ' countries of origin , but also many places in the United States where the immigrants settled or traveled , including Chicago ( the Palestinian and Nigerian immigrants ) , the Silicon Valley of California ( the Indian immigrants ) , Garden City , Kansas and Mecca , California ( the Mexican immigrants ) , and Florida , Georgia and Montana ( the Dominican immigrants ) . The New Americans was executive produced by Steve James ( who also produced the acclaimed 1994 documentary Hoop Dreams ) and Gordon Quinn , both of Kartemquin Films . It was broadcast on PBS as part of the series Independent Lens , in association with the Independent Television Service ( ITVS ) . The program was also broadcast in the United Kingdom on the cable network BBC Four in early April 2004 . Steve James on the making of the New Americans , `` From the beginning , we knew we wanted to tell multiple stories , because every immigrant I 've met has a very rich and varied story to tell about where they come from . We also were excited about the idea of telling these people 's stories before they left their countries so that we could begin to understand these people in their own country before they gave it all up to come here . They 're all facing different problems different dreams , so there 's that diversity too . They 're a nice collection of stories because their differences and similarities . '' Primary funding was provided by the Corporation for Public Broadcasting ( CPB ) . Additional major funding was provided by The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation , the Annie E. Casey Foundation and PBS . Additional funding also came from the National Endowment of the Arts , BBC , Nick Fraser , SBS , TV Australia , and VPRO , The Netherlands . The New Americans is a presentation of ITVS in association with Latino Public Broadcasting ( LPB ) and Asian Women United/National Asian American Telecommunications Association ( NAATA ) . The New Americans won a variety of awards including : The Chicago Award for Best Chicago or Illinois Production , Chicago International Television Competition ( 2004 ) ; Gold Hugo for Best Overall Production , Chicago International Television Competition 2004 -RSB- ; Best Limited Series , Distinguished Documentary Achievement Awards , International Documentary Association ( IDA ) ( 2004 ) ; and the Christopher Award , TV/Cable Category , ( 2005 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c5cdcf6dd2b9b695e290d5be8515e9a6", "text": "Paramount Television Network The Paramount Television Network ( PTN ) was a venture by American film corporation Paramount Pictures to organize a television network in the late 1940s . The company built television stations KTLA in Los Angeles and WBKB in Chicago ; it also invested US$ 400,000 in the DuMont Television Network , which operated stations WABD in New York City , WTTG in Washington , D.C. , and WDTV in Pittsburgh . Escalating disputes between Paramount and DuMont concerning breaches of contract , company control , and network competition erupted regularly between 1940 and 1956 , and culminated in the dismantling of the DuMont Network . Television historian Timothy White called the clash between the two companies `` one of the most unfortunate and dramatic episodes in the early history of the television industry . '' The Paramount Television Network aired several programs , including the Emmy Award-winning children 's series Time for Beany . Filmed in Hollywood , the programs were distributed to an ad-hoc network of stations across the United States . The network signed affiliation agreements with more than 50 television stations in 1950 ; despite this , most of Paramount 's series were not widely viewed outside the West Coast . The Federal Communications Commission ( FCC ) , which filed suit against Paramount for anti-trust violations , prevented the studio from acquiring additional television stations . Paramount executives eventually gave up on the idea of a television network , and continued to produce series for other networks . In 1995 , after four decades of television production for other companies , Paramount re-entered the broadcast network field when the company and Chris-Craft Industries launched the United Paramount Network ( UPN ) , a television network that operated until 2006 . Paramount 's television division is now owned by CBS Television Studios .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "17fcb86170c46fff5ac5576e53548027", "text": "America (Deuce song) `` America '' is the second studio-release single from American artist Deuce and is a politically themed song with a stronger metal influence than some of Deuce 's other music . It was released on January 10 , 2012 , a week earlier than originally planned due to a leak of the full music video in late December 2011 . The song is the third track on Deuce 's debut album titled Nine Lives . As of April 2012 , `` America '' had sold 36,000 copies , making it the most commercially successful single of the album . This single , along with `` Let 's Get It Crackin ' '' , was featured as part of a fan-based remix contest held by Deuce and Five Seven Music titled `` Deuce REMIXXXED '' On July 3 , 2012 a single was released for Independence Day which was called the `` America ( n ) Pride '' , which contained `` America '' , two remixes , and the music video on iTunes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b95ff6edca830fe3ff9bc2786dfe0c03", "text": "Baby boomers Baby boomers are the demographic cohort following the Silent Generation . There are no precise dates when the cohort birth years start and end . Typically , they range from the early-to-mid 1940s and end from 1960 to 1964 . Increased birth rates were observed during the post -- World War II baby boom making the baby boomers a relatively large demographic cohort . The term `` baby boomer '' is also used in a cultural context , so it is difficult to achieve broad consensus of a precise date definition . Different people , organizations , and scholars have varying opinions on who is a baby boomer , both technically and culturally . Ascribing universal attributes to such a generation is difficult , and some believe it is inherently impossible , but many have attempted to determine their cultural similarities and historical impact , and the term has thus gained widespread popular usage . Baby boomers are associated with a rejection or redefinition of traditional values . Many commentators , however , have disputed the extent of that rejection , noting the widespread continuity of values with older and younger generations . In Europe and North America , boomers are widely associated with privilege , as many grew up in a time of widespread government subsidies in post-war housing and education , and increasing affluence . As a group , baby boomers were the wealthiest , most active , and most physically fit generation up to the era in which they arrived , and were amongst the first to grow up genuinely expecting the world to improve with time . They were also the generation that received peak levels of income ; they could therefore reap the benefits of abundant levels of food , apparel , retirement programs , and sometimes even `` midlife crisis '' products . The increased consumerism for this generation has been regularly criticized as excessive . One feature of the boomers was that they have tended to think of themselves as a special generation , very different from those that had come before . In the 1960s , as the relatively large numbers of young people became teenagers and young adults , they , and those around them , created a very specific rhetoric around their cohort , and the changes they were bringing about . This rhetoric had an important impact in the self perceptions of the boomers , as well as their tendency to define the world in terms of generations , which was a relatively new phenomenon . The baby boom has been described variously as a `` shockwave '' and as `` the pig in the python . '' The term `` Generation Jones '' is sometimes used to describe those born between 1954 and 1965 . The term is typically used to refer to the later years of the Baby boomer cohort ( 1954-1960 ) and the early years of Generation X ( 1961-1965 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c865b086a3607815cdb07fde783c4e06", "text": "Young Artist Award The Young Artist Award ( originally known as the Youth in Film Award ) is an accolade bestowed by the Young Artist Association , a non-profit organization founded in 1978 to honor excellence of youth performers , and to provide scholarships for young artists who may be physically and/or financially challenged . First presented in 1979 , the Young Artist Awards was the first organization established to specifically recognize and award the contributions of performers under the age of 21 in the fields of film , television , theater and music . The 1st Youth In Film Awards ceremony was held in October 1979 , at the Sheraton Universal Hotel in Hollywood to honor outstanding young performers of the 1978/1979 season . The 38th Annual Young Artist Awards ceremony , honoring young performers of 2016 , was held at the Alex Theatre in Los Angeles , California on March 17 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6df8cd4dd4002906da7b5c67d0826580", "text": "MGA Entertainment MGA Entertainment Inc. ( stands for Micro-Games America Entertainment ) is an American manufacturer of children 's toys and entertainment products founded in 1979 . Its products include the Bratz fashion doll line , Bratzillaz , Lalaloopsy , Mooshka , Moxie Girlz , Moxie Teenz , BFC and Vi and Va. . MGA also owns The Little Tikes Company . MGA is headquartered at 16300 Roscoe Boulevard in the Lake Balboa area of the San Fernando Valley region of Los Angeles , California , United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f3952392bc5544fae35ffe8cf10ebebd", "text": "Sesame Street Sesame Street is a long-running American children 's television series , produced by Sesame Workshop ( formerly known as the Children 's Television Workshop ) and created by Joan Ganz Cooney and Lloyd Morrisett . The program is known for its educational content , and images communicated through the use of Jim Henson 's Muppets , animation , short films , humor , and cultural references . The series premiered on November 10 , 1969 , to positive reviews , some controversy , and high viewership ; it has aired on the U.S. 's national public television provider ( PBS ) since its debut , with its first run moving to premium channel HBO on January 16 , 2016 . The show has undergone significant changes throughout its history . The format of Sesame Street consists of a combination of commercial television production elements and techniques which have evolved to reflect the changes in American culture and the audience 's viewing habits . With the creation of Sesame Street , producers and writers of a children 's television show used , for the first time , educational goals and a curriculum to shape its content . It was also the first time a show 's educational effects were studied . Shortly after creating Sesame Street , its producers developed what came to be called the `` CTW model '' ( after the production company 's previous name ) , a system of television show planning , production , and evaluation based on collaborations between producers , writers , educators , and researchers . The show was initially funded by government and private foundations but has become somewhat self-supporting due to revenues from licensing arrangements , international sales , and other media . By 2006 , there were independently produced versions , or `` co-productions '' , of Sesame Street broadcast in twenty countries . In 2001 there were over 120 million viewers of various international versions of Sesame Street , and by the show 's 40th anniversary in 2009 , it was broadcast in more than 140 countries . By its 40th anniversary in 2009 , Sesame Street was the fifteenth-highest-rated children 's television show in the United States . A 1996 survey found that 95 % of all American preschoolers had watched the show by the time they were three years old . In 2008 , it was estimated that 77 million Americans had watched the series as children . As of 2014 , Sesame Street has won 167 Emmy Awards and 8 Grammy Awards -- more than any other children 's show .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c363292efe3d474d5f249699cad8baf5", "text": "North American Hockey League The North American Hockey League ( NAHL ) is one of the top junior hockey leagues in the United States and is in its 42nd season of operation in 2017 -- 18 . It is the only Tier II junior league sanctioned by USA Hockey , and acts as an alternative to the Tier I United States Hockey League ( USHL ) . The NAHL is the oldest junior hockey league in the United States and is headquartered in Frisco , Texas ( they are co-located in the same facility as the National Hockey League 's Dallas Stars ) . The league consists of four divisions with a total of 23 teams . The teams span the United States from Massachusetts in the East to Alaska in the Northwest and to Texas in the South . The teams play a 60-game regular season , starting in mid-September and ending in early April . The top teams of the NAHL playoffs meet in a predetermined location to play in the Robertson Cup Championship Tournament . From its beginning in 1975 , the NAHL was primarily a 6 -- 12-team league based in the Midwest , known as the Great Lakes Junior Hockey League and changed the name to the North American Hockey League in 1984 . The league 's all-time leading scorer is Mike York who tallied 371 points in two seasons . Other notable alumni from the NAHL include Pat Lafontaine , Mike Modano , Doug Weight , Pat Peake , Brian Rolston , Brian Holzinger , Brian Rafalski , Todd Marchant and John Scott . In 2003 , the league merged with the defunct America West Hockey League to form a 19-team league .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7715c6d2158d1664e14b3fe0bf7fe7b7", "text": "The Simpsons The Simpsons is an American animated sitcom created by Matt Groening for the Fox Broadcasting Company . The series is a satirical depiction of working-class life epitomized by the Simpson family , which consists of Homer , Marge , Bart , Lisa , and Maggie . The show is set in the fictional town of Springfield and parodies American culture , society , television , and the human condition . The family was conceived by Groening shortly before a solicitation for a series of animated shorts with producer James L. Brooks . Groening created a dysfunctional family and named the characters after members of his own family , substituting Bart for his own name . The shorts became a part of The Tracey Ullman Show on April 19 , 1987 . After a three-season run , the sketch was developed into a half-hour prime time show and became an early hit for Fox , becoming the network 's first series to land in the Top 30 ratings in a season ( 1989 -- 90 ) . Since its debut on December 17 , 1989 , episodes of The Simpsons have been broadcast . Its 28th season began on September 25 , 2016 . It is the longest-running American sitcom and the longest-running American animated program , and , in 2009 , it surpassed Gunsmoke as the longest-running American scripted primetime television series . The Simpsons Movie , a feature-length film , was released in theaters worldwide on July 27 , 2007 , and grossed over $ 527 million . On November 4 , 2016 , the series was renewed for a twenty-ninth and thirtieth season of 22 episodes each , extending the show to 2019 . The Simpsons received widespread critical acclaim throughout its first nine seasons , which are generally considered its `` Golden Age '' . Time named it the 20th century 's best television series , and Erik Adams of The A.V. Club named it `` television 's crowning achievement regardless of format '' . On January 14 , 2000 , the Simpson family was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame . It has won dozens of awards since it debuted as a series , including 31 Primetime Emmy Awards , 30 Annie Awards , and a Peabody Award . Homer 's exclamatory catchphrase `` D'oh ! '' has been adopted into the English language , while The Simpsons has influenced many adult-oriented animated sitcoms . Despite this , the show has also been criticized for what many perceive as a decline in quality over the years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f8255e8161ec9033b653ed5308e84988", "text": "Schoolhouse Rock! Schoolhouse Rock ! is an American interstitial programming series of animated musical educational short films ( and later , videos ) that aired during the Saturday morning children 's programming on the U.S. television network ABC . The topics covered included grammar , science , economics , history , mathematics , and civics . The series ' original run lasted from 1973 to 1985 ; it was later revived with both old and new episodes airing from 1993 to 1999 . Additional episodes were produced in 2009 for direct-to-video release .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a7857cf9768ff317f8d4c517ab2b4b13", "text": "America: A Tribute to Heroes America : A Tribute to Heroes was a benefit concert created by the heads of the four major American broadcast networks ; Fox , ABC , NBC and CBS . Joel Gallen was selected by them to produce and run the show . Actor George Clooney organized celebrities to perform and to staff the telephone bank . The marketing and public relations was headed by Warner Bros. . EVP Corp Comm with assistance from the marketing and publicity departments of all four broadcast networks . It was broadcast live by the four major American television networks and all of the cable networks in the aftermath of the September 11 attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon in 2001 . Done in the style of a telethon , it featured a number of national and international entertainers performing to raise money for the victims and their families , particularly the New York City firefighters and New York City police officers . It aired September 21 , 2001 , uninterrupted and commercial-free , for which it won a Peabody Award . It was released on December 4 , 2001 , on compact disc and DVD . On a dark stage illuminated by hundreds of candles , twenty-one artists performed songs of mourning and hope , while various actors and other celebrities delivered short spoken messages . The musical performances took place at three studios in Los Angeles ( CBS Television City ) , New York , and London , while the celebrity messages took place at Los Angeles . Some of the musicians including Neil Young and Eddie Vedder were heard working the phone banks taking pledges . The money raised amounted to over $ 200 million , and was given to the United Way 's September 11 Telethon Fund . In 2004 , Rolling Stone magazine selected this concert , along with the later The Concert for New York City , as one of the 50 moments that changed rock and roll . The show was also simulcast in Canada ; Young and another Canadian singer , Celine Dion , performed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd1aab8c4d5b8dbbc57988a4b144e6b4", "text": "SCORE! Educational Centers SCORE ! Educational Centers ( commonly SCORE ! ) , was owned by Kaplan , Inc. , which is a subsidiary of Graham Holdings Company , and was a United States provider of customized supplementary education and one-on-three tutoring services for children in kindergarten through ninth grade . SCORE ! offered materials in multiple subjects , including reading , mathematics , language arts , and writing . In 2009 , all SCORE ! centers were closed or converted to Kaplan centers . At its height , SCORE ! had over 165 centers in twelve states , including California , Colorado , Connecticut , Georgia , Illinois , Maryland , Massachusetts , New Jersey , New York , Pennsylvania , Texas , and Virginia , and also in the District of Columbia , and in Israel .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "538413fc3e593d3476800d9489a46f78", "text": "Twentynine Palms, California Twentynine Palms ( also known as 29 Palms ) is a city in San Bernardino County , California , United States . It was previously called Twenty-Nine Palms .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cf980af3d61b3b17b6c16b5938f4280b", "text": "I Was Nineteen I Was Nineteen ( Ich war neunzehn ) is a DEFA production that tells the story of a young German , Gregor Hecker ( Jaecki Schwarz ) , who fled the Nazis with his parents to Moscow and now , in early 1945 , returns to Germany as a lieutenant in the Red Army . The film depicts the personal experiences of the director Konrad Wolf and of his friend Vladimir Gall in fictionalized form and deals with themes of the meaning of `` homeland '' . During its original run , it sold 3,317,966 tickets .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c52d1206ca4f101285ce1c0dec1d777e", "text": "Trophy Kids (2011 film) Trophy Kids is a 2011 film directed by Josh Sugarman , produced by Brandon Yankowitz , and written by the pair . Trophy Kids stars Ryan Eggold , David Gallagher , Tahyna Tozzi , Nathan Lee Graham , Tibor Feldman , Tania Raymonde , David Thornton , Chris Beetem , Adam Grupper , Eleanor Reissa , and Isiah Whitlock , Jr. . . The film 's title refers to the generation of Americans also known as `` Millennials , '' who grew up receiving trophies and other praise just for participating and not necessarily for excelling . They were rewarded to improve their self-esteem . As a result , trophy kids feel confident and accomplished , but the coddling has led them to feel entitled with often unrealistic expectations about their jobs and life in general .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "45b265f14064c0e75c18a0eb3816bfa5", "text": "1950s American automobile culture 1950s American automobile culture has had an enduring influence on the culture of the United States , as reflected in popular music , major trends from the 1950s and mainstream acceptance of the `` hot rod '' culture . The American manufacturing economy switched from producing war-related items to consumer goods at the end of World War II , and by the end of the 1950s , one in six working Americans were employed either directly or indirectly in the automotive industry . The United States became the world 's largest manufacturer of automobiles , and Henry Ford 's goal of 30 years earlier -- that any man with a good job should be able to afford an automobile -- was achieved . A new generation of service businesses focusing on customers with their automobiles sprang up during the decade , including drive-through or drive-in restaurants and more drive-in theaters ( cinemas ) . The decade began with 25 million registered automobiles on the road , most of which predated World War II and were in poor condition ; no automobiles or parts were produced during the war owing to rationing and restrictions . By 1950 , most factories had made the transition to a consumer-based economy , and more than 8 million cars were produced that year alone . By 1958 , there were more than 67 million cars registered in the United States , more than twice the number at the start of the decade . As part of the U.S. national defenses , to support military transport , the National Highway System was expanded with Interstate highways , beginning in 1955 , across many parts of the United States . The wider , multi-lane highways allowed traffic to move at faster speeds , with few or no stoplights on the way . The wide-open spaces along the highways became a basis for numerous billboards showing advertisements . The dawning of the Space Age and Space Race were reflected in contemporary American automotive styling . Large tailfins , flowing designs reminiscent of rockets , and radio antennas that imitated Sputnik 1 were common , owing to the efforts of design pioneers such as Harley Earl .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5c466744d971f086da5aa6b0dc26281", "text": "Rich Kids of Beverly Hills Rich Kids of Beverly Hills ( stylized as #RichKids of Beverly Hills ) is an American reality television series that premiered on E! , on January 19 , 2014 . The series focuses on the lives of a group of twenty-something millionaires and billionaires ( by inheritance ) showcasing their lives .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad52e1a831b954dae2b9b97d7f8fc469", "text": "American Beauty (1999 film) American Beauty is a 1999 American drama film directed by Sam Mendes and written by Alan Ball . Kevin Spacey stars as Lester Burnham , a 42-year-old advertising executive who has a midlife crisis when he becomes infatuated with his teenaged daughter 's best friend , Angela ( Mena Suvari ) . Annette Bening co-stars as Lester 's materialistic wife , Carolyn , and Thora Birch plays their insecure daughter , Jane . Wes Bentley , Chris Cooper , and Allison Janney also feature . The film is described by academics as a satire of American middle-class notions of beauty and personal satisfaction ; analysis has focused on the film 's explorations of romantic , and paternal love , sexuality , beauty , materialism , self-liberation , and redemption . Ball began writing American Beauty as a play in the early 1990s , partly inspired by the media circus around the Amy Fisher trial in 1992 . He shelved the play after realizing the story would not work on stage . After several years as a television screenwriter , Ball revived the idea in 1997 when attempting to break into the film industry . The modified script had a cynical outlook that was influenced by Ball 's frustrating tenures writing for several sitcoms . Producers Dan Jinks and Bruce Cohen took American Beauty to DreamWorks ; the then-fledgling film studio bought Ball 's script for $ 250,000 , outbidding several other production bodies . DreamWorks financed the $ 15 million production and served as its North American distributor . American Beauty marked acclaimed theater director Mendes ' film debut ; courted after his successful productions of the musicals Oliver ! and Cabaret , Mendes was , nevertheless , only given the job after 20 others were considered and several `` A-list '' directors turned down the opportunity . Spacey was Mendes ' first choice for the role of Lester , though DreamWorks had urged the director to consider better-known actors ; similarly , the studio suggested several actors for the role of Carolyn until Mendes offered the part to Bening without DreamWorks ' knowledge . Principal photography took place between December 1998 and February 1999 on soundstages at the Warner Bros. backlot in Burbank , California , and on location in Los Angeles . Mendes ' dominant style was deliberate and composed ; he made extensive use of static shots and slow pans and zooms to generate tension . Cinematographer Conrad Hall complemented Mendes ' style with peaceful shot compositions to contrast with the turbulent on-screen events . During editing , Mendes made several changes that gave the film a less cynical tone than the script . Released in North America on September 17 , 1999 , American Beauty was positively received by critics and grossed over $ 356 million worldwide . Reviewers praised most aspects of the production , with particular emphasis on Mendes , Spacey , and Ball ; criticism focused on the familiarity of the characters and setting . DreamWorks launched a major campaign to increase the film 's chances of Academy Award success ; at the 72nd Academy Awards the following year , the film won Best Picture , Best Director , Best Actor ( for Spacey ) , Best Original Screenplay , and Best Cinematography . It was nominated for and won many other awards and honors , mainly for the direction , writing , and acting .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fd76783922979bece284ea69bcec947f", "text": "Adult animation Adult animation , adult cartoon , or mature animation is any type of animation work that is mainly targeted towards adults and sometimes also teenagers , acting as a contrast to most animated films and TV series being aimed at children . Works in this genre may be considered adult for any number of reasons . They may be noted for using risqué themes , graphic violence , profane language , sexuality , or dark humor . Works in this genre may explore philosophical , political , or social issues . Some productions are noted for sophisticated and/or experimental storytelling and animation techniques . Before the enforcement of the Hays Code , some cartoon shorts contained humor that was aimed at adult audience members rather than children . Following the introduction of the Motion Picture Association of America film rating system , independent animation producers attempted to establish an alternative to mainstream animation . Initially , few animation studios in the United States attempted to produce animation for adult audiences , but later examples of animation produced for adults would gain mainstream attention and success .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4caf4bc378c43358b69bb34cfc449921", "text": "Stan Freberg Presents the United States of America Volume One: The Early Years Stan Freberg Presents The United States of America Volume One : The Early Years is an American comedy album with music and dialogue written by Stan Freberg , released as Capitol W/SW -1573 in 1961 . Freberg satirizes episodes of the history of the United States from 1492 until the end of the Revolutionary War in 1783 . The album combined dialogue and song in a musical theater format . Billy May orchestrated the music . In addition to Freberg , the cast included the following performers : Jesse White Peter Leeds Byron Kane Colleen Collins Helen Kleeb Shep Menken Walter Tetley Marvin Miller June Foray Barney Phillips Maurice Dallimore Peter Forster John Frank Paul Frees ( narrator ) Freberg used anachronistic and self-referential humour in these sketches , such as referring to the Fourth of July weekend in the `` Declaration of Independence '' sketch , Thanksgiving Day in the skit on `` Take an Indian to Lunch '' as well as the `` Thanksgiving Turkey '' portion , and Columbus Day in `` Columbus Discovers America '' . Freberg also referred to McCarthyism in the `` Declaration of Independence '' sketch , where Benjamin Franklin says , `` You ... sign a harmless petition , and forget all about it ; ten years later , you get hauled up before a committee . '' Admirers of this album have included Steven Spielberg , Richard Dreyfuss and Paul McCartney . Dr. Demento 's listeners have repeatedly voted The United States of America as the greatest comedy album of all time . Stan Freberg Presents The United States of America , Volume Two was planned for a release during America 's Bicentennial in 1976 , but did not emerge until 1996 . In his autobiography , Freberg detailed his efforts to have the songs and skits produced on Broadway ; when this failed , he used material omitted from the original album in the sequel . A third volume was planned . Due to the death of Freberg 's wife , Donna , and Freberg 's personal health problems , the project was shelved .", "title": "" } ]
fever
75b2c16b59739d1961b9038336c96020
Jason Bateman has a Golden Globe.
[ { "docid": "b9a651977556371f8c0883db683d4119", "text": "Jason Bateman Jason Kent Bateman ( born January 14 , 1969 ) is an American actor , comedian , director and producer . He began acting on television in the early 1980s on Little House on the Prairie , and in the sitcoms Silver Spoons and The Hogan Family . In the 2000s , he became known for his role of Michael Bluth in the critically acclaimed sitcom Arrested Development , for which he won a Golden Globe , and a Satellite Award . He has had starring roles in the films , Juno ( 2007 ) , Hancock ( 2008 ) , Up in the Air ( 2009 ) , The Switch ( 2010 ) , Paul ( 2011 ) , Horrible Bosses ( 2011 ) , The Change-Up ( 2011 ) , Identity Thief ( 2013 ) , Bad Words ( 2013 ) , Horrible Bosses 2 ( 2014 ) , The Gift ( 2015 ) , and Zootopia ( 2016 ) .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "97e69b12cafe8bac808c75e5d636fa5b", "text": "Golden Raspberry Awards The Golden Raspberry Awards ( often shortened to Razzies and Razzie Awards ) is an award in recognition of the worst in film . Co-founded by UCLA film graduates and film-industry veterans , John J. B. Wilson and Mo Murphy , the annual Razzie Awards ceremony in Los Angeles precedes the corresponding Academy Awards ceremony by one day . The term raspberry in the name is used in its irreverent sense , as in `` blowing a raspberry '' . The awards themselves are in the form of a `` golf ball-sized raspberry '' which sits atop a Super 8 mm film reel , the whole of which is spray painted gold . The first Golden Raspberry Awards ceremony was held on March 31 , 1981 , at John J. B. Wilson 's living-room alcove in Los Angeles , to honor the worst in film of the 1980 film season . The 37th ceremony was held on February 25 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "266db1c05a1308f55888fac0b067f51a", "text": "2006 MTV Movie Awards The 2006 MTV Movie Awards were hosted by Jessica Alba and featured performances by Christina Aguilera , AFI and Gnarls Barkley . In addition to the below awards , MTV gave lifetime achievement awards to Jim Carrey ( The MTV Generation Award ) and Spike Lee ( The Silver Bucket of Excellence , for Do the Right Thing ) . MTV held its 15th annual movie awards show on Saturday , June 3 , at the Sony Pictures Studios in Culver City , California . MTV first broadcast the award show on 8 June at 9:00 pm ET . Tenth Planet Productions produced the awards , and Joel Gallen was the executive-producer and director for the 12th consecutive year . This is also the second MTV Movie Awards show to have a host win an award . The first show was in 2004 with Lindsay Lohan winning an award . The host for the MTV Movie Awards in 2006 was Jessica Alba . Christina Aguilera performed , for the very first time , her lead single of her latest release Back to Basics , `` Ai n't No Other Man '' . Pre-recorded parodies include The Da Vinci Code , Mission : Impossible III , and King Kong .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7e83fa88cab067a683d5a8f5c3b7e0a6", "text": "25th Golden Globe Awards The 25th Golden Globe Awards , honoring the best achievements in 1967 , were held on 12 February 1968 . 25th Golden Globe Awards February 12 , 1968 Film - Drama : In The Heat of the Night Film - Musical or Comedy : The Graduate TV Show : Mission : Impossible", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a05a8fff31ff099b405169519884564a", "text": "Good Will Hunting Good Will Hunting is a 1997 American drama film , directed by Gus Van Sant , and starring Robin Williams , Matt Damon , Ben Affleck , Minnie Driver and Stellan Skarsgård . Written by Affleck and Damon ( and with Damon in the title role ) , the film follows 20-year-old South Boston laborer Will Hunting , an unrecognized genius who , as part of a deferred prosecution agreement after assaulting a police officer , becomes a client of a therapist and studies advanced mathematics with a renowned professor . Through his therapy sessions , Will re-evaluates his relationships with his best friend , his girlfriend and himself , facing the significant task of confronting his past and thinking about his future . The film received positive reviews and was a financial success . It grossed over US$ 225 million during its theatrical run with only a modest $ 10 million budget . It was nominated for nine Academy Awards , including the Academy Award for Best Picture , and won two : Best Supporting Actor for Williams and Best Original Screenplay for Affleck and Damon . After Williams ' death in 2014 , it was ranked at number 53 in The Hollywood Reporters `` 100 Favorite Films '' list .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9dcf5a9f5e5b3ff642ca09e73002eab2", "text": "4th Golden Globe Awards 4th Golden Globe Awards February 26 , 1947 Best Picture : The Best Years of Our Lives The 4th Golden Globe Awards , honoring the best achievements in 1946 filmmaking , were held on 26 February 1947 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel in Los Angeles , California .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1445773c08da50707979a85167e4edf4", "text": "Houston Film Critics Society Awards 2010 The 4th Houston Film Critics Society Awards were presented on December 18 , 2010 . These awards for `` extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Houston Film Critics Society ( HFCS ) based in Houston , Texas . The organization , founded in 2007 , includes 22 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications in the greater Houston area . The awards are co-sponsored by the Houston Film Commission , Southwest Alternate Media Project , Women in Film and Television/Houston , WorldFest , and the Houston Cinema Arts Society . The nominations for the 2010 awards were announced on December 12 , 2010 . Eligible films do not need to have played or opened in a Houston film theater prior to the nomination deadline , merely made available to the HFCS membership at a screening or on DVD . Along with the 13 `` best of '' category awards , this year also saw the introduction of a new category for `` Worst Movies of the Year '' . The Social Network , True Grit , and 127 Hours each received six nominations , all including the Best Picture , Actor , Direction , and Original Score categories . The Social Network was the HFCS 's most awarded film of 2010 taking top honors in the Best Picture , Best Director ( David Fincher ) , Best Actor ( Jesse Eisenberg ) , and Best Screenplay ( Aaron Sorkin ) categories . Inception was the only other film to garner multiple awards , winning both the Best Original Score ( Hans Zimmer ) and Best Cinematography ( Wally Pfister ) prizes . The other acting awards went to Natalie Portman as Best Actress for Black Swan , Hailee Steinfeld as Best Supporting Actress for True Grit , and Christian Bale as Best Supporting Actor for The Fighter . The remaining film honors went to Toy Story 3 as Best Animated Film , Restrepo as Best Documentary , and The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo as Best Foreign Language Film . `` We Are Sex Bob-Omb '' by Beck from Scott Pilgrim vs. the World was named the Best Original Song . The HFCS 's first-ever award for `` Worst Picture '' was given to Jonah Hex starring Josh Brolin . In addition to the category awards , the HFCS presented their annual Lifetime Achievement Award to Sissy Spacek and its Humanitarian Award to George Clooney . Clooney was selected for `` selflessly using his celebrity for greater good '' . The HFCS award for Outstanding Achievement in Cinema awards were presented to Charles Dove , director of the Rice University Media Center , and Hector Luna , the founder and editor of C-47 Houston .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "06bee763ab88bf322c23edce2ef326cd", "text": "Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards 2014 The 20th Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards honoring the best in film for 2014 were announced on December 15 , 2014 . These awards `` recognizing extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association ( DFWFCA ) , based in the Dallas -- Fort Worth metroplex region of Texas . The organization , founded in 1990 , includes 30 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications based in north Texas . The Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association began presenting its annual awards list in 1993 . Birdman was the DFWFCA 's most awarded film of 2014 , taking five top honors . Birdman won in Best Picture , Best Actor ( Michael Keaton ) , Best Director ( Alejandro G. Iñárritu ) , Best Cinematography ( Emmanuel Lubezki ) , and Best Screenplay ( Alejandro G. Iñárritu , Nicolás Giacobone , Alexander Dinelaris Jr. , and Armando Bo ) . Another film , Boyhood , earned multiple 2014 honors from the DFWFCA . The coming-of-age tale received top honors in the Best Supporting Actress ( Patricia Arquette ) as well as being presented the Russell Smith Award as the `` best low-budget or cutting-edge independent film '' of the year . The award is named in honor of late Dallas Morning News film critic Russell Smith . Reese Witherspoon was named Best Actress for her role as Cheryl Strayed in Wild . The other films earning honors were Sweden 's Force Majeure for Best Foreign Language Film , Citizenfour as Best Documentary Film , and The Lego Movie for Best Animated Film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9924f378e29c2ba9ce82e2972ecdcaa2", "text": "List of actors nominated for two Academy Awards in the same year The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences has had occurrences of actors and actresses nominated for two different Academy Awards in acting categories in a single year , with the first instance in 1938 . Provided that they receive enough votes from the Academy in both categories to earn a nomination , there are no restrictions on actors being nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor and Best Supporting Actor or actresses being nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress and Best Supporting Actress in any given year . The sole rule with regard to multiple nominations is that an actor or actress can not receive multiple nominations for the same performance . This rule was introduced in 1944 after Barry Fitzgerald received a Best Actor nomination and a Best Supporting Actor nomination for his performance in Going My Way . As of 2015 , 11 actors and actresses have been nominated for two different Academy Awards in the same year . The first of these actors and actresses was Fay Bainter , who received nominations for her performances in White Banners and Jezebel at the 11th Academy Awards . The most recent occurrence was during the 80th Academy Awards , in which Cate Blanchett received nominations for Elizabeth : The Golden Age and I 'm Not There . Seven of these actors and actresses received an Academy Award in one of the categories they were nominated in , and none have won two Academy Awards in the same year . Four did not receive an Academy Award in either category : Sigourney Weaver ( nominations for Gorillas in the Mist and Working Girl ) , Emma Thompson ( nominations for The Remains of the Day and In the Name of the Father ) , Julianne Moore ( nominations for Far from Heaven and The Hours ) , and Cate Blanchett ( nominations for Elizabeth : The Golden Age and I 'm Not There ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "281ad9273c5fdedf6b01919646686394", "text": "Hugo (film) Hugo is a 2011 historical adventure drama film directed and co-produced by Martin Scorsese and adapted for the screen by John Logan . Based on Brian Selznick 's book The Invention of Hugo Cabret , it is about a boy who lives alone in the Gare Montparnasse railway station in Paris in the 1930s . A co-production between Graham King 's GK Films and Johnny Depp 's Infinitum Nihil , the film stars Ben Kingsley , Sacha Baron Cohen , Asa Butterfield , Chloë Grace Moretz , Ray Winstone , Emily Mortimer , Jude Law , Helen McCrory , and Christopher Lee . Hugo is Scorsese 's first film shot in 3D , of which the filmmaker remarked : `` I found 3D to be really interesting , because the actors were more upfront emotionally . Their slightest move , their slightest intention is picked up much more precisely . '' The film was released in the United States on November 23 , 2011 . When it was released , Hugo received critical acclaim and received 11 Academy Award nominations ( including Best Picture ) , more than any other film that year , and won five awards : Best Cinematography , Best Art Direction , Best Sound Mixing , Best Sound Editing and Best Visual Effects . It was also nominated for eight BAFTAs , winning two , and was nominated for three Golden Globe awards , earning Scorsese his third Golden Globe Award for Best Director . The film grossed $ 185 million against a budget of $ 150 -- $ 170 million .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "55bb02ada04d62b0c0acac27ab14fe77", "text": "Paddy Chayefsky Sidney Aaron `` Paddy '' Chayefsky ( January 29 , 1923 -- August 1 , 1981 ) was an American playwright , screenwriter and novelist . He is the only person to have won three solo Academy Awards for Best Screenplay ( the other three-time winners , Francis Ford Coppola , Charles Brackett , Woody Allen and Billy Wilder , have all shared their awards with co-writers ) . He was considered one of the most renowned dramatists of the so-called Golden Age of Television . His intimate , realistic scripts provided a naturalistic style of television drama for the 1950s , and he was regarded as the central figure in the `` kitchen sink realism '' movement of American television . Martin Gottfried wrote in All His Jazz that Chayefsky `` was a successful writer , the most successful graduate of television 's slice of life school of naturalism . '' Following his critically acclaimed teleplays , Chayefsky continued to succeed as a playwright and novelist . As a screenwriter , he received three Academy Awards for Marty ( 1955 ) , The Hospital ( 1971 ) and Network ( 1976 ) . The movie Marty was based on his own television drama about two lonely people finding love . Network was his scathing satire of the television industry and The Hospital was also satiric . Film historian David Thomson called The Hospital `` years ahead of its time . -LSB- ... -RSB- Few films capture the disaster of America 's self-destructive idealism so well . '' His screenplay for Network is often regarded as his masterpiece , and has been hailed as `` the kind of literate , darkly funny and breathtakingly prescient material that prompts many to claim it as the greatest screenplay of the 20th century . '' Chayefsky 's early stories were frequently influenced by the author 's childhood in The Bronx . Chayefsky was part of the inaugural class of inductees into the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences ' Television Hall of Fame . He received this honor three years after his death , in 1984 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4920a0269bcdd9027f0bc2cbc1816458", "text": "Jason Wingreen Jason Wingreen ( October 9 , 1920 -- December 25 , 2015 ) was an American actor . From the early 1960s Wingreen was a voting member of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e9284de34d382a0416f4208d9f887d27", "text": "Matt Damon Matthew Paige Damon ( -LSB- ˈdeɪmən -RSB- born October 8 , 1970 ) is an American actor , film producer , and screenwriter . He is ranked among Forbes magazine 's most bankable stars and is one of the highest-grossing actors of all time . Damon has received various accolades , including an Academy Award from five nominations , two Golden Globe Awards from eight nominations , and has been nominated for two British Academy Film Awards and six Emmy Awards . Born and raised in Cambridge , Massachusetts , Damon began his acting career by appearing in high school theater productions and he made his professional acting debut in the film Mystic Pizza ( 1988 ) . He came to prominence in 1997 when he wrote and starred in Good Will Hunting alongside Ben Affleck , which won them the Academy and Golden Globe awards for Best Screenplay , and earned Damon a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actor . He continued to garner praise from critics for his roles as the eponymous character in Saving Private Ryan ( 1998 ) , the antihero in The Talented Mr. Ripley ( 1999 ) , a fallen angel in Dogma ( 1999 ) , an energy analyst in Syriana ( 2005 ) , and a corrupt Irish-American police officer in The Departed ( 2006 ) . Damon is also known for his starring roles as Jason Bourne in the Bourne franchise ( 2002 -- 16 ) and as a con man in the Ocean 's Trilogy ( 2001 -- 07 ) . For his supporting role as the rugby player Francois Pienaar in Invictus ( 2009 ) and his leading role as an astronaut stranded on Mars in The Martian ( 2015 ) , Damon received Oscar nominations for Best Supporting Actor and Best Actor , respectively . The latter also won him a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor . Damon has received Emmy Award nominations for his portrayal of Scott Thorson in the biopic Behind the Candelabra ( 2013 ) and for producing the reality series Project Greenlight . He also received an Oscar nomination for producing Manchester by the Sea ( 2016 ) . In addition to acting in films , Damon has performed voice-over work in both animated and documentary films and has established two production companies with Affleck . He has been involved in charitable work , including the ONE Campaign , H2O Africa Foundation , Feeding America , and Water.org . Damon is married to Luciana Bozán Barroso , and they have three daughters together .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c52d51109c9c5bdf380ddb395113505", "text": "29th Golden Globe Awards The 29th Golden Globe Awards , honoring the best in film and television for 1971 films , were held on February 6 , 1972 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "265457bbd71c6794b018f6d68b1e85e8", "text": "25th Academy Awards The 25th Academy Awards ceremony was held on March 19 , 1953 . It took place at the RKO Pantages Theatre in Hollywood , California , and the NBC International Theatre in New York City . It was the first Academy Awards ceremony to be televised , and the first ceremony to be held in Hollywood and New York City simultaneously . It was also the only year that the New York ceremonies were to be held in the NBC International Theatre on Columbus Circle , which was shortly thereafter demolished and replaced by the New York Coliseum convention center . A major upset occurred in the category of Best Picture . The heavily favored High Noon lost to Cecil B. DeMille 's The Greatest Show on Earth , eventually considered among the worst films to have won the Academy Award for Best Picture . The American film magazine Premiere placed the movie on its list of the 10 worst Oscar winners and the British film magazine Empire rated it # 3 on their list of the 10 worst Oscar winners . It has the lowest spot on Rotten Tomatoes ' list of the 81 films to win Best Picture . Of all the films nominated for the Oscar this year , only High Noon and Singin ' in the Rain would show up 46 years later on the American Film Institute list of the greatest American films of the 20th Century . For a film that only received two nominations , Singin ' in the Rain went on to be named as the greatest American musical film of all time and in the 2007 American Film Institute updated list as the fifth greatest American film of all time , while High Noon was ranked twenty-seventh on the same 2007 list , as well . The Bad and the Beautiful won five awards , the most wins ever for a film not nominated for Best Picture . It was also the second Academy Awards in which a film not nominated for Best Picture received the most awards of the evening , excluding years where there were ties for the most wins . The only other film to do this was The Thief of Bagdad at the 13th Academy Awards ; as of the 87th Academy Awards , it has not happened since . Until Spotlight won only Best Picture and Best Original Screenplay at the 88th Academy Awards , this was the last year in which the Best Picture winner won just two Oscars . It was also the second of three years to date in which two films not nominated for Best Picture received more nominations than the winner ( The Bad and the Beautiful and Hans Christian Andersen , both with six ) . This occurred again at the 79th Academy Awards . Shirley Booth also became the last person to win an Oscar in a Leading Role to be born in the 19th century . She also holds the distinction of being the first woman in her 50s to win the award , at the age of 54 ( the second woman in her 50s to win , Julianne Moore , was 54 when awarded at the 87th Academy Awards ) . John Ford 's fourth win for Best Director set a record for the most wins in this category that remains unmatched to this day . For the first time since the introduction of Supporting Actor and Actress awards in 1936 , Best Picture , Best Director , and all four acting Oscars went to six different films . This has happened only three times since , at the 29th Academy Awards for 1956 , the 78th for 2005 , and the 85th for 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6620828ce45de69990112f3dcfe31176", "text": "Critics' Circle Award for Distinguished Service to the Arts Each year since 1988 The Critics ' Circle has presented an award for Distinguished Service to the Arts , voted for by all members of the Circle , embracing Dance , Drama , Film , Music , Visual Arts and Architecture . This performing arts Award takes the form of an engraved crystal rose bowl , presented at a celebratory luncheon . The recipients were : 1988 Sir Peter Hall 1989 Dame Ninette de Valois 1990 Sir Michael Tippett 1991 Sir David Lean 1992 Sir John Mills 1993 Sir Peter Ustinov 1994 Sir John Drummond 1995 Sir Peter Wright 1996 Sir Richard Eyre 1997 Dame Judi Dench 1998 Sir Edward Downes 1999 Harold Pinter 2000 Dame Alicia Markova 2001 Paul Scofield 2002 Sir Alfred Brendel 2003 Sir Ian McKellen 2004 Mike Leigh 2005 Alan Bennett 2006 Dame Helen Mirren 2007 Sir Tom Stoppard 2008 Peter Brook 2009 Sir Alan Ayckbourn 2010 Ken Loach 2011 Stephen Sondheim 2013 Grayson Perry 2014 Sir Nicholas Hytner 2015 Dame Maggie Smith Category : Performing arts awards", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18a75c5ad0c17a861ba966e0fbe71d59", "text": "BAFTA Award for Best Film The BAFTA Award for Best Film is given annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts and presented at the British Academy Film Awards . It has been given since the 1st BAFTA Awards , representing the best films of 1947 , but until 1969 it was called the BAFTA Award for Best Film From Any Source . It is possible for films from any country to be nominated , although British films are also recognised in the category BAFTA Award for Best British Film and ( since 1983 ) foreign-language films in BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language . As such , there have been multiple occasions of a film being nominated in two of these categories . There has been one tie for the Best Film award when , in 1962 , Ballad of a Soldier tied with The Hustler for Best Film from any Source . Until 1981 , the award was given to the director , except in 1976 and 1977 , when it was given to the producers . From 1981 to 1985 , it was given solely to the producers , and then in 1986 , it was shared between the Director and Producer . In 1998 , it was once again given to only the producers . In the following lists , the titles and names in bold with a dark grey background are the winners and recipients respectively ; those not in bold are the nominees . The years given are those in which the films under consideration were released , not the year of the ceremony , which always takes place the following year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "56563307d80f178eefa7f73cb22d6e44", "text": "78th Academy Awards The 78th Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , took place on March 5 , 2006 , at the Kodak Theatre in Hollywood , Los Angeles beginning at 5:00 p.m. PST / 8:00 p.m. EST. . The ceremony was scheduled one week later than usual to avoid conflicting with the 2006 Winter Olympics . During the ceremony , AMPAS presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 24 categories honoring films released in 2005 . The ceremony , televised in the United States by ABC , was produced by Gil Cates and directed by Louis J. Horvitz . Actor Jon Stewart hosted the show for the first time . Two weeks earlier in a ceremony at The Beverly Hilton in Beverly Hills , California held on February 18 , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Rachel McAdams . Crash won three awards including Academy Award for Best Picture . Other winners included Brokeback Mountain , King Kong , and Memoirs of a Geisha also with three awards apiece , and Capote , The Chronicles of Narnia : The Lion , the Witch and the Wardrobe , The Constant Gardener , Hustle and Flow , March of the Penguins , The Moon and the Son : An Imagined Conversation , A Note of Triumph : The Golden Age of Norman Corwin , Six Shooter , Syriana , Tsotsi , Walk the Line , and Wallace & Gromit : The Curse of the Were-Rabbit with one each . The telecast garnered nearly 39 million viewers in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b964a22cec95a2b63a32eb8075611418", "text": "Producers Guild of America Award The Producers Guild of America Award was originally established in 1990 by the Producers Guild of America as the Golden Laurel Awards , created by PGA Treasurer Joel Freeman with the support of Guild President Leonard Stern , in order to honor the visionaries who produce and execute motion picture and television product . The ceremony has been hosted each year by celebrity host/presenters , including Nick Clooney , Michael Douglas , Robert Guillaume , James Earl Jones , Jack Lemmon , Shirley MacLaine , Garry Marshall , Walter Matthau , Ronald Reagan , Marlo Thomas , Grant Tinker , and Ted Turner , among others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a96fed149591ca6f0cff27eb1f1498bd", "text": "List of accolades received by Dallas Buyers Club Dallas Buyers Club is a 2013 American biographical drama film directed by Jean-Marc Vallée based on a screenplay written by Craig Borten and Melisa Wallack . Matthew McConaughey stars as Ron Woodroof , an AIDS patient who smuggles unapproved AIDS drug treatments into Texas and establishes the titular club where he distributes them amongst other AIDS sufferers whilst opposed by the Food and Drug Administration . Jared Leto and Jennifer Garner feature in supporting roles . Dallas Buyers Club premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 7 , 2013 . Focus Features initially gave the film a limited release at nine theaters on November 1 before expanding it on November 22 to over 600 theaters in the United States and Canada . The film grossed a worldwide total of over $ 55 million on a production budget of $ 5 million . Rotten Tomatoes , a review aggregator , surveyed 234 reviews and judged 94 % to be positive . Dallas Buyers Club garnered awards and nominations in a variety of categories with particular praise for the performances of actors , McConaughey and Leto . At the 86th Academy Awards , the film received six nominations , including Best Picture , Best Original Screenplay , Best Actor for McConaughey , and Best Supporting Actor for Leto . McConaughey and Leto went on to win their respective categories -- only the fifth film in Oscars history to win both awards . Hairstylist Adruitha Lee , and makeup artist Robin Mathews won for Best Makeup and Hairstyling . Mathews ' makeup budget for the film was only $ 250 . At the 71st Golden Globe Awards , McConaughey won for Best Actor -- Motion Picture Drama , and Leto won for Best Supporting Actor -- Motion Picture . At the Screen Actors Guild Awards the film had three nominations ; winning Best Actor for McConaughey and Best Supporting Actor for Leto . Borten and Wallack 's screenplay was also nominated for Best Original Screenplay at the Writers Guild of America Awards . The National Board of Review named Dallas Buyers Club one of the top ten independent films of 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eba0886583f27c9878f64dd7c3112252", "text": "44th Primetime Emmy Awards The 44th Primetime Emmy Awards were held on Sunday , August 30 , 1992 . The ceremony was broadcast on Fox from the Pasadena Civic Auditorium in Pasadena , California . It was hosted by Tim Allen , Kirstie Alley and Dennis Miller , and directed by Walter C. Miller . Presenters included Roseanne Barr , Tom Arnold , Scott Bakula , Candice Bergen , Corbin Bernsen , Beau Bridges , Lloyd Bridges , and Cindy Crawford . The program was written by Buddy Sheffield and Bruce Vilanch . Over 300 million people watched the ceremony in 30 countries . A rule change , instituted for this year only , stated that regular and guest performers would compete in the same category . There could be lead guest or supporting guest . On the comedy side , Murphy Brown won Outstanding Comedy Series for the second time , winning three major awards on the night , the most for a comedy series . On the drama side , L.A. Laws strangle hold on Outstanding Drama Series came to an end , as Northern Exposure took home the award . Northern Exposure also won three major awards and received nine major nominations , which tied for the most in each category . For the first time in its run , The Golden Girls , then in its seventh and final season , was not nominated for Outstanding Comedy Series . After being on the air for thirty years , The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson finally heard its name called when its final season won for Outstanding Variety , Music , or Comedy Program . The show was first nominated for the category in 1964 and was 0/13 before this ceremony .", "title": "" } ]
fever
8081c4110bc19cce1580986ea1f103cc
The Playboy Club's cast includes an actor.
[ { "docid": "1d55fae515a1391e04b8764ea604ee1a", "text": "The Playboy Club The Playboy Club is an American historical crime drama television series that aired on NBC from September 19 to October 3 , 2011 . Set in 1961 , the series centers on the employees ( known as Bunnies ) of the original Playboy Club operating in Chicago . The Playboy Club stars Eddie Cibrian , Laura Benanti , Amber Heard , Jenna Dewan Tatum , Naturi Naughton , Leah Renee , Wes Ramsey , Jenifer Lewis , and David Krumholtz . The Playboy Club was canceled on October 4 , 2011 , after three episodes aired , due to its low ratings . It was the first cancellation of the 2011 -- 12 television season . NBC continued to film the series until October 10 , 2011 , hoping to sell the series to another network . Both Playboy magnate Hugh Hefner and show creator Chad Hodge have expressed hope that the series will be picked up by Bravo . When production wrapped on October 10 , 2011 , Hodge and Laura Benanti both confirmed that they had finished seven episodes , including the pilot . Benanti further stated that the seventh episode has two endings , one of which is more final to the series .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "adebecfcdb137aa30164e6c1a24b580a", "text": "Stacy Sanches Stacy Elizabeth Sanches , also known as Stacy Sanchez ( born September 4 , 1973 ) , is an American model and actress . She was Playboy 's Playmate of the Month for March 1995 and Playboy 's Playmate of the Year for 1996 . In June 1996 , she was chosen Playmate of the Month for the German edition of Playboy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ac4e7ff66fced4c455aabe21ca374aa4", "text": "Cris Villanueva Krishnamurti Villanueva ( born May 23 , 1971 ) is a Filipino actor in movies and television . He was a former matinee idol in the late 1980s . He was a famous member of That 's Entertainment , a youth-oriented talent and variety show now defunct in the Philippines .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "46238bf3251bcb308da9b49dbc9bdde3", "text": "Peter Ford (actor) Peter Ford ( born February 5 , 1945 ) is a retired American actor , singer and former President and Co-Founder of Blackoak Development Company .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f1a6718025ad55ffc029fb444a7c55b4", "text": "Steve Guttenberg Steven Robert `` Steve '' Guttenberg ( born August 24 , 1958 ) is an American actor , author , businessman , producer , and director . He starred in 1984 's Police Academy , and went on to perform in lead roles in Hollywood films of the 1980s , including Cocoon , Three Men and a Baby , and Short Circuit .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "024a1a63e9ac465e054131ee388f2f49", "text": "Chandler Canterbury Chandler Canterbury ( born December 15 , 1998 ) is an American actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0c9b91e0977154b4883cfac5f02560ca", "text": "Dan Byrd Daniel `` Dan '' Byrd ( born November 20 , 1985 ) is an American actor . His most prominent roles include the 2004 film A Cinderella Story , the 2006 remake of The Hills Have Eyes , the 2010 films Easy A and Norman , and the sitcoms Aliens in America and Cougar Town .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "66677b1f7fa9f5b2c87c19f0acad9000", "text": "Playboy After Dark Playboy After Dark is an American television show hosted by Hugh Hefner . It aired in syndication through Screen Gems from 1969 to 1970 and was taped at CBS Television City in Los Angeles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "018cc4d9fa416b829115f54ee978d8f4", "text": "James Remar William James Remar ( born December 31 , 1953 ) , is an American actor and voice actor . He played Richard , the on-off tycoon boyfriend of Kim Cattrall 's character in Sex and the City , Ajax in The Warriors ( 1979 ) , homicidal maniac Albert Ganz in the thriller 48 Hrs . ( 1982 ) , gangster Dutch Schultz in The Cotton Club ( 1984 ) , Lord Raiden in Mortal Kombat : Annihilation ( 1997 ) , Giuseppe Salvatore in The CW TV series The Vampire Diaries , Jack Duff in Miracle on 34th Street ( 1994 ) , and Harry Morgan in the Showtime TV series Dexter . Since 2009 , he has done voiceover work in ads for Lexus luxury cars .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "92f341c9ac0b3dac7c36c11b6285ae55", "text": "Ken Mitsuishi is a Japanese actor . He has appeared in films such as Chaos and Tokyo Playboy Club .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b8e83c845f3f8f3cd6c059c4c6abc074", "text": "Andy Ansah Andrew Owusu `` Andy '' Ansah ( born 19 March 1969 ) is an English actor and former professional footballer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a30dd073bb1f4110e06e76c5daaa28e2", "text": "Playboy Club (disambiguation) Playboy Club may refer to : Playboy Club , a chain of nightclubs operated by Playboy Enterprises between 1960 and 1991 Playboy Club ( Las Vegas ) , a revival of the chain at the Palms Casino Resort The Playboy Club , an American television series broadcast on NBC", "title": "" }, { "docid": "63cdd551665ab7d0cbdb0b92883d2754", "text": "Elvis Tsui Tsui Kam Kong ( born October 12 , 1961 ) , also known as Elvis Tsui , is a Chinese actor based in Hong Kong . Tsui is primarily known for his roles in erotic films and martial arts films , where he 's more often cast as villains . Some of the famous characters he has portrayed repeatedly include Oboi , Lu Zhishen , and An Lushan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "37399fb9d184e346f513c46b7a746298", "text": "Bob Amsberry Robert Wayne Amsberry ( June 2 , 1928 -- November 21 , 1957 ) was an American actor , and one of the original cast members on the first two seasons of Walt Disney 's The Mickey Mouse Club , working as both a writer and actor . Amsberry also worked as a voice actor , with a posthumous credit in Disney 's Sleeping Beauty ( 1959 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f27825247927128df00f75d1cb3b3e17", "text": "Bobby Collins (comedian) Bobby Collins is an American stand-up comedian and film actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "272f6787ed909a154ce29590d1693a93", "text": "Playboy Club The Playboy Club was initially a chain of nightclubs and resorts owned and operated by Playboy Enterprises . The first club opened at 116 E. Walton Street in downtown Chicago , Illinois , United States , on February 29 , 1960 . Each club generally featured a Living Room , a Playmate Bar , a Dining Room , and a Club Room . Members and their guests were served food and drinks by Playboy Bunnies , some of whom were featured in Playboy magazine . The clubs offered name entertainers and comedians in the Club Rooms , and local musicians and the occasional close-up magician in the Living Rooms . Starting with the London and Jamaica club locations , the Playboy Club became international in scope . In 1991 , the club chain became defunct . On October 6 , 2006 a new club was opened in Las Vegas , and in 2010 new clubs were opened as well in Macao and Cancun . In time the Las Vegas club closed on June 4 , 2012 , the Macao club closed in 2013 and the Cancun club closed in 2014 . In May 2014 the Commerce Casino in Los Angeles opened a Playboy themed lounge consisting of gaming tables and Playboy Bunny cocktail waitresses .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a4e0fbd9ba013d352f36dda61b0fa15", "text": "Rocco Reed Rocco Reed ( born July 26 , 1982 ) is an American former pornographic actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a5d47fb71a6dcbe1716a5f6725c88f17", "text": "Jaye Davidson Jaye Davidson ( born Alfred Amey ; March 21 , 1968 ) is an American-born British model and retired actor . He is best known for his role as the transgender character Dil in the 1992 suspense-drama thriller film The Crying Game , for which he received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor , and for appearing in 1994 's Stargate as the god-like Ra .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d71bd5acf09151f8f77f7262637af25", "text": "Cara Zavaleta Cara Zavaleta ( born June 15 , 1980 in Bowling Green , Ohio ) is an American model and actress , known for her appearances on the MTV reality series Road Rules : South Pacific , and as the November 2004 Playboy Playmate .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a899734acf0984f5f6d45d9bfc77cdc5", "text": "Tate Donovan Tate Buckley Donovan ( born September 25 , 1963 ) is an American actor and director , known for portraying Tom Shayes in Damages , Jimmy Cooper in The O.C. , and the voice of the title character in the 1997 Disney animated film Hercules , the animated television series of the same name and in a few Kingdom Hearts video games . He also had supporting roles in films , such as Good Night , and Good Luck and Argo . Donovan also played Brian Sanders in Hostages and White House Chief of Staff Mark Boudreau in 24 : Live Another Day . He has been a guest star in a number of television series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2eb921eb1ba461dd6b81003b12a96820", "text": "Chic Murray Charles Thomas McKinnon `` Chic '' Murray ( 6 November 1919 -- 29 January 1985 ) , was a Scottish comedian and actor . He appeared in various roles on British television and film -- most notably in the 1967 version of Casino Royale -- and portrayed Liverpool Football Club manager Bill Shankly in a musical . In 2005 , he was named in The Comedian 's Comedian .", "title": "" } ]
fever
e54e851b90dc7a3825a7234854690c1f
Imperial is a county outside of Southern California.
[ { "docid": "0f3f2c34cd2e670a78862e02a93c7add", "text": "Southern California Southern California , often abbreviated as SoCal , is a geographic and cultural region that generally comprises California 's 10 southernmost counties . The region is traditionally described as eight counties , based on demographics and economic ties : Imperial , Los Angeles , Orange , Riverside , San Bernardino , San Diego , Santa Barbara , and Ventura . The more extensive 10-county definition , which includes Kern and San Luis Obispo counties , is also used and is based on historical political divisions . The 8-county and 10-county definitions are not used for the greater Southern California Megaregion , one of the 11 megaregions of the United States . The megaregion is more expansive , extending east into Las Vegas , Nevada and south across the Mexican border into Tijuana . Southern California includes the heavily built-up urban area which stretches along the Pacific coast from Ventura through the Greater Los Angeles Area and the Inland Empire , and down to Greater San Diego . Southern California 's population encompasses seven metropolitan areas : the Los Angeles metropolitan area ( Los Angeles and Orange counties ) , the Inland Empire , ( Riverside and San Bernardino counties ) , the San Diego metropolitan area , the Oxnard -- Thousand Oaks -- Ventura metropolitan area , the Santa Barbara metropolitan area , the San Luis Obispo metropolitan area , and the El Centro area . The Los Angeles area has over 12 million inhabitants , while the Riverside-San Bernardino area has over 4 million inhabitants and the San Diego area has over 3 million inhabitants . For Community Supported Agriculture ( CSA ) metropolitan purposes , the five counties of Los Angeles , Orange , Riverside , San Bernardino , and Ventura , are all combined to make up the Greater Los Angeles Area with over 17.5 million people . With over 22 million people , Southern California contains roughly 60 percent of California 's population . The Colorado Desert and the Colorado River are located on Southern California 's eastern border with Arizona , and the Mojave Desert is located north on California 's Nevada border . Southern California 's southern border is part of the Mexico -- United States border .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "57bb7eade5ef34024138735a4af336f2", "text": "1979 Imperial Valley earthquake The 1979 Imperial Valley earthquake occurred at 16:16 Pacific Daylight Time ( 23:16 UTC ) on October 15 just south of the Mexico -- United States border . It affected Imperial Valley in Southern California and Mexicali Valley in northern Baja California . The earthquake had a relatively shallow hypocenter and caused property damage in the United States estimated at $ 30 million USD . The irrigation systems in the Imperial Valley were badly affected , but no deaths occurred . It was the largest earthquake to occur in the contiguous United States since the 1971 San Fernando earthquake eight years earlier . The earthquake was 6.4 on the moment magnitude scale , with a maximum perceived intensity of IX ( Violent ) on the Mercalli intensity scale . However , most of the intensity measurements were consistent with an overall maximum intensity of VII ( Very strong ) , and only the damage to a single structure , the Imperial County Services building in El Centro , was judged to be of intensity IX . Several comprehensive studies on the total structural failure of this building were conducted with a focus on how the building responded to the earthquake 's vibration . It was one of the first heavily instrumented office buildings to be severely damaged by seismic forces . The Imperial Valley is surrounded by a number of interconnected fault systems and is vulnerable to both moderate and strong earthquakes as well as earthquake swarms . The area was equipped with an array of strong motion seismographs for analyzing the fault mechanisms of nearby earthquakes and seismic characteristics of the sediments in the valley . The earthquake was significant in the scientific community for studies of both fault mechanics and repeat events . Four of the region 's known strike-slip faults and one additional newly discovered normal fault all broke the surface during the earthquake .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2de177e6ade87d7e940f1d9c3c235aa7", "text": "Alta California Territory Alta California Territory ( Upper California ) was a 19th-century federal territory formed under the Mexican Constitution of 1824 . Its boundaries corresponded with those of the preceding Spanish colonial Alta California Province . It included the territory of the present day U.S. states of California , Nevada and Utah and parts of Arizona , Wyoming , Colorado and New Mexico .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3277d27debee44cc2b3faa6a64e08cb4", "text": "Cibola Bridge Cibola Bridge is a bridge in La Paz County , in the U.S. state of Arizona , crossing the border between Arizona and California into Imperial County , in the U.S. state of California .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "625017cbd8067eb78cef167847794ac3", "text": "Holtville, California Holtville ( formerly , Holton ) is a city in Imperial County , California . Holtville is located 10.5 mi east of El Centro . The population was 5,939 at the 2010 census , up from 5,612 in 2000 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c062709798147eaec773f5deb5e767f", "text": "Clear Lake AVA The Clear Lake AVA is an American Viticultural Area located in Lake County , California . Half of the area contained within the boundaries of the AVA is Clear Lake , the largest body of freshwater in the state of California , and the namesake for the county . The moderating influence of the lake on the surrounding area results in a climate with less diurnal variation in temperature than surrounding areas . Clear Lake AVA is one of the coolest climates in California , which has led to success with grape varietals like Sauvignon blanc .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e5e8ba24bafa07a046f47c6ae0482bd3", "text": "Imperial Sugar Imperial Sugar is a major U.S. sugar producer and marketer based in Sugar Land , Texas , with sugar refinery operations in California , Georgia , and Louisiana . The company was established in 1843 and has undergone ownership changes multiple times . The current name , Imperial Sugar Company , was established after a change in ownership in 1907 . The company went through major expansion through acquisitions beginning in 1988 , but filed for bankruptcy in 2001 , emerging in the same year and embarking on a downsizing strategy . , the company was in the process of being purchased once more and converted from a public to a private company by Louis Dreyfus Group of the Netherlands .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "131e2344834f073cd6fba249c31b0d42", "text": "North County Times The North County Times was a local newspaper in San Diego 's North County . It was headquartered in Escondido . The final publisher was Peter York . It was formed in 1995 from the merger of the North County Blade-Citizen of Oceanside ( founded 1929 ) and the Escondido Times-Advocate ( founded 1909 ) by Howard Publications . Beginning in 1997 , the Times also published The Californian in Temecula , located in southwest Riverside County . The newspaper was published with three local editions including The Californian . Lee Enterprises acquired Howard in 2002 . From 2008 through 2011 , the paper laid off dozens of staff members , including at least a third of its editorial/newsroom staff . Doug Manchester , owner of U-T San Diego ( known as The San Diego Union-Tribune after 2015 ) , bought the North County Times from Lee Enterprises in September 2012 for just under $ 12 million . One third of the staff was laid off . Subsequently , the print edition of the newspaper was folded into the U-T and called U-T North County Times , which is an edition of U-T San Diego and combines North County-specific content with features and columns from the U-T . The North County Times headquarters in Escondido were sold to the Classical Academy charter school . On March 7 , 2013 , the separate U-T North County Times name was dropped and a U-T North County edition produced which further integrates U-T with North County-specific pages , while eliminating differences between the two . Previously both the U-T North County Times and the regular U-T were sold side by side at newsstands . Californian readers were merged into the U-T Californian , which includes a front section of Southwest Riverside County-specific content with the remaining content from the U-T North County edition . As of May 28 , 2013 , publication of the U-T Californian was terminated , and it was also reported that the distinct content of the North County edition was being de-emphasized . In January 2013 , U-T San Diego took the archives of the North County Times offline ; since then finding North County Times articles has been `` hit or miss at best , mostly miss '' , according to the San Diego Reader .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f996354f17b6386d78de70cea65c65b5", "text": "Calexico International Airport Calexico International Airport is a city-owned public-use airport located one mile ( 1.6 km ) west of the central business district of Calexico , in Imperial County , California , United States . The airport is mostly used for general aviation and to facilitate border crossing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b7e813d55a5b6c2a58aed0bcfe852538", "text": "Northern Arizona Northern Arizona is an unofficial , colloquially-defined region of the U.S. state of Arizona . Generally consisting of Coconino County , Yavapai County , Navajo County , and Apache County , it is geographically dominated by the Colorado Plateau , the southern border of which in Arizona is called the Mogollon Rim . Mohave County , located in the northwest of the state , may or may not be considered part of Northern Arizona , depending on local opinions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "03486ebf5f9e7f3d79a086576091c7bd", "text": "Black Hills (Imperial County) The Black Hills are a mountain range in Imperial County , California .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "73227be14b1de1de8e60c88b0ef3a3cc", "text": "Latah County, Idaho Latah County ( pron . -LSB- ` laytɑː -RSB- ) is a county located in the north central region of the U.S. state of Idaho . As of the 2010 census , the population was 37,244 . The county seat and largest city is Moscow , the home of the University of Idaho , the state 's flagship and land-grant university . The county was created in 1888 and named for Latah Creek in its northwest corner . The name in the Nez Perce language means `` the place of pine trees and pestle . '' The tribe found shade under the white pine trees for doing their work and stones suitable for use in pulverizing camas roots to process as one of their food staples . Latah County comprises the Moscow , ID Micropolitan Statistical Area , which is included in the Pullman-Moscow , WA-ID Combined Statistical Area . The county comprises the majority of the eastern portion of the Palouse , famous for its rolling hills and rich agriculture . Latah County is the only county in the U.S. established by an act of Congress ; it was originally part of Nez Perce County , which was reluctant to lose its most populated area .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cb974dc61549709b84b7834510ddf44e", "text": "Napa County wine Napa County wine is wine made in Napa County , California , United States . County names in the United States automatically qualify as legal appellations of origin for wine produced from grapes grown in that county and do not require registration with the United States Department of the Treasury Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau . The vast majority of Napa County is covered by the boundaries of the world-famous Napa Valley AVA , an American Viticultural Area , and its various sub-appellations . The portion of the county that falls outside of the boundaries of the Napa Valley AVA is northeast of the Chiles Valley AVA , where few grapes are cultivated . Few wines are produced that carry a Napa County appellation of origin designation , as almost every wine produced from grapes grown in the county is eligible for release with the more commercially profitable Napa Valley AVA designation . The most common use of Napa County on a wine label is when a wine has been produced from grapes grown in two or more counties , such as Sonoma County and Napa County . In such a case , the wine label must indicate what percentage of grapes were sourced from each county .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c2e88759643378b2506580697e55a3d3", "text": "California statistical areas The statistical areas of the United States of America comprise the metropolitan statistical areas ( MSAs ) , the micropolitan statistical areas ( μSAs ) , and the combined statistical areas ( CSAs ) currently defined by the United States Office of Management and Budget ( OMB ) . Most recently on December 1 , 2009 , the Office of Management and Budget defined 1067 statistical areas for the United States , including 4 combined statistical area , 26 metropolitan statistical areas , and 9 micropolitan statistical areas in the State of California . The table below shows the recent population of these statistical areas and the 58 counties of California .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8cb5ff32bd7c4c14c0ed46b474f9b1c5", "text": "Butte County, California Butte County is a county in the U.S. state of California . As of the 2010 census , the population was 220,000 . The county seat is Oroville . Butte County comprises the Chico , CA Metropolitan Statistical Area . It is in the California Central Valley , north of the state capital of Sacramento . Butte County is known as the `` Land of Natural Wealth and Beauty . '' Butte County is watered by the Feather River and the Sacramento River . Butte Creek and Big Chico Creek are additional perennial streams , both tributary to the Sacramento . The county is the home of California State University , Chico and of Butte College . There are four major hospitals and the State of California defines Butte County as being inside Health Service Area 1 . A special district , the Butte County Air Quality Management District , regulates airborne pollutant emissions in the county . It does this following regional regulations , state , and federal laws . For example , in recent years , the agency changed rules that once allowed residents to burn household trash outdoors .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "92a6677a2574eb26c209dcfde1a20390", "text": "List of counties in Utah There are 29 counties in the U.S. state of Utah . There were originally seven counties established under the provisional State of Deseret in 1849 : Davis , Iron , Sanpete , Salt Lake , Tooele , Utah , and Weber . The Territory of Utah was created in 1851 with the first territorial legislature meeting from 1851 -- 1852 . The first legislature re-created the original counties from the State of Deseret under territorial law as well as establishing three additional counties : Juab , Millard , and Washington . All other counties were established between 1854 and 1894 by the Utah Territorial Legislature under territorial law except for the last two counties formed , Daggett and Duchesne . They were created by popular vote and by gubernatorial proclamation after Utah became a state . Present-day Duchesne County encompassed an Indian reservation that was created in 1861 . The reservation was opened to homesteaders in 1905 and the county was created in 1913 . Due to dangerous roads , mountainous terrain , and bad weather preventing travel via a direct route , residents in present-day Daggett County had to travel 400 to on both stage and rail to conduct business in Vernal , the county seat for Uintah County a mere 50 miles away . In 1917 , all Uintah County residents voted to create Daggett County . Based on the 2010 United States Census data , the population of Utah was 2,763,885 . Just over 75 % of Utah 's population is concentrated along four Wasatch Front counties of Salt Lake , Utah , Davis , and Weber . Salt Lake County was the largest county in the state with a population of 1,029,655 , followed by Utah County with 516,564 , Davis County with 306,479 and Weber County with 231,236 . Daggett County was the least populated with 1,059 people . The largest county in land area is San Juan County with 7821 mi2 and Davis County is the smallest with 304 mi2 . The Federal Information Processing Standard ( FIPS ) code , which is used by the United States government to uniquely identify states and counties , is provided with each county . Utah 's FIPS code is 49 , which when combined with any county code would be written as 49XXX . In the FIPS code column in the table below , each FIPS code links to the most current census data for that county . __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "13eabe786119f71e541842507de7c432", "text": "Consolidated city-county In United States local government , a consolidated city-county is a city and county that have been merged into one unified jurisdiction . As such it is simultaneously a city , which is a municipal corporation , and a county , which is an administrative division of a state . It has the powers and responsibilities of both types of entities . A consolidated city-county is different from an independent city , although the latter may result from consolidation of a city and a county and may also have the same powers as a consolidated city-county . An independent city is a city not deemed by its state to be located within the boundary of any county and recognized by its state as a legal territorial entity separate from surrounding or adjoining counties . A consolidated city-county differs from an independent city in that the city and county both nominally exist , although they have a consolidated government , whereas in an independent city , the county does not even nominally exist . Not considering Hawaii , which has no independent cities , the Midwest and Upper South have the highest concentration of large consolidated city-county governments in the United States , including Indianapolis , Indiana ; Nashville , Tennessee ; Jacksonville , Florida ; Louisville , Kentucky ; Kansas City , Kansas ; and Lexington , Kentucky . Currently , the largest consolidated city-county in the United States by population is Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , while the largest by land-area is Sitka , Alaska .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab1fda1aeb3b0d0b26058913674931e5", "text": "Watermans Corner, California Watermans Corner is an unincorporated community in Imperial County , California . It is located 4.5 mi west-southwest of Holtville , at an elevation of 23 feet ( 7 m ) below sea level .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "37d129f74c0544d7e51ad09a8be943f8", "text": "Riverside County Transportation Commission The Riverside County Transportation Commission ( RCTC ) is the County Transportation Commission ( a subdivision of the six-county Southern California Association of Governments metropolitan planning organization ) for Riverside County , California , United States . It is an association of local governments in the county , with policy makers consisting of mayors , councilmembers , and county supervisors , and is the funding agency for the county 's transit systems , which include Corona Cruiser , Riverside Transit Agency , SunLine Transit Agency , Pass Transit Agency and Palo Verde Valley Transit Agency . It also provides funds for city transit in Corona and Riverside and is one of Metrolink 's five governing agencies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "595992b4562de3650c854b2f666d450e", "text": "San Leandro, California San Leandro is a suburban city in Alameda County , California , United States . It is located on the eastern shore of San Francisco Bay , between Oakland to the northwest and Hayward to the southeast .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee24f55f6ec1cf33120ebdd7c5a2face", "text": "Imperial Fault Zone The Imperial Fault Zone is a system of geological faults located in Imperial County in the Southern California region , along the border of the United States and Mexico .", "title": "" } ]
fever
d15e0a5e2483c5f3a54ba6e756aa48e7
Demi Lovato played a recurring character on the American television series Glee.
[ { "docid": "c01abc2bb7b2632c2eca7345b1297668", "text": "Demi Lovato Demetria Devonne Lovato ( -LSB- ˈdɛmi_loʊ-ˈvɑːtoʊ -RSB- or ; born August 20 , 1992 ) is an American singer , songwriter , and actress . After making her debut as a child actress in Barney & Friends , Lovato rose to prominence in 2008 when she starred in the Disney Channel television film Camp Rock and released her debut single `` This Is Me '' which peaked at number nine on the Billboard Hot 100 . The success of the film and its soundtrack resulted in a recording contract with Hollywood Records . Her debut album , Do n't Forget ( 2008 ) , debuted at number two on the US Billboard 200 . The following year , Lovato was cast as the titular character of the television series Sonny with a Chance and she released her sophomore album , Here We Go Again , which became her first one to top the Billboard 200 chart . After the release of additional television films and their soundtracks in 2010 , including Camp Rock 2 : The Final Jam , Lovato 's personal issues put her career on a hiatus and led to the discontinuation of Sonny with a Chance after a second season . She entered a treatment center in November 2010 to seek help for addictions , an eating disorder , and self-harm . While there , she was diagnosed with bipolar disorder . Work on her third studio album , Unbroken ( 2011 ) , began after she successfully completed treatment . The album addresses several of her difficulties . Its lead single , `` Skyscraper '' , became Lovato 's second top 10 entry in the US , while its second single , `` Give Your Heart a Break '' , was certified triple platinum in the country . Lovato was a judge and mentor on the American version of The X Factor in 2012 and 2013 . Her third album , Demi ( 2013 ) , opened with first-week sales of 110,000 copies . The lead single from her eponymous album , `` Heart Attack '' , became her third top 10 in the US and the album spawned three more singles . While promoting the project , Lovato released a book titled Staying Strong : 365 Days a Year ( 2013 ) . She also returned to acting as a recurring character in Glee , and released a memoir in 2014 . Lovato 's fifth album , Confident ( 2015 ) , reached number two on the Billboard 200 . Its lead single `` Cool for the Summer '' was eventually certified double platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America . All five of Lovato 's albums have received a gold certification in the US . Musically , Lovato is considered a pop , pop rock , and R&B artist . Lovato has received a considerable number of accolades , including an MTV Video Music Award , 13 Teen Choice Awards , five People 's Choice Awards , an ALMA Award , a Latin American Music Award and a Grammy Award nomination . In 2013 , Maxim ranked her 26th on its Hot 100 list and Billboard ranked her second on its Social 50 Artists of the Year list . Outside the entertainment industry , Lovato has been involved with several social and environmental causes since the launch of her career . In May 2013 , she was cited for her dedication as a mentor to teens and young adults with mental health challenges at a National Children 's Mental Health Awareness Day hosted by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration in Washington , D.C. . She has also become an advocate for the LGBT community , and women 's rights . In 2014 , she was announced as the Grand Marshal for LA Pride week , and that same year she became the face for Human Rights Campaign 's Americans for Marriage Equality Campaign . In April 2016 , Lovato was honored with the GLAAD Vanguard Award for making a significant difference in promoting equal rights for LGBT people .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "ce4832de52bdfd8ea7510dd8d372195d", "text": "Brian Gleeson (actor) Brian Gleeson ( -LSB- ˈɡliːsən -RSB- born 14 November 1987 ) is an Irish actor . In 2011 Gleeson received an Irish Film and Television Awards nomination for best supporting role on television for Love/Hate .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "efff59fa556ac03dfc36845ad3d2f939", "text": "Sunset Beach (TV series) Sunset Beach is an American television soap opera that aired on NBC from January 6 , 1997 to December 31 , 1999 . The show follows the loves and lives of the people living in the Orange County coastal area named Sunset Beach , on the coast of California . Although there is a town in California called Sunset Beach , the show 's beach scenes were shot on nearby Seal Beach . The show was co-produced by NBC and Spelling Television . Sunset Beach won two Daytime Emmy Awards and was nominated another eleven times . The show also received twenty-two nominations for various other awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "25ca1c20d4c110b3fbfdd886f6a0bf0c", "text": "List of Saturday Night Live episodes Saturday Night Live ( SNL ) is a late-night sketch comedy and variety show created by Lorne Michaels . It premiered on NBC , a terrestrial television network , on October 11 , 1975 under the title NBC 's Saturday Night . The show often satirizes contemporary American popular culture and politics . Saturday Night Live features a two-tiered cast : the repertory members , also known as the `` Not Ready for Prime-Time Players , '' and newer cast members , known as `` Featured Players . '' Each week , the show features a host , often a well-known celebrity , who delivers an opening monologue and performs in sketches with the cast . A musical guest is also invited to perform several sets ( usually two , and occasionally more ) . Every so often a host or musical guest will fill both roles , such as was the case with Britney Spears in 2000 and 2002 , Jennifer Lopez in 2001 and 2010 , Justin Timberlake in 2003 , 2006 and 2013 , Taylor Swift in 2009 , Bruno Mars in 2012 , Lady Gaga in 2013 , Miley Cyrus in 2013 and 2015 , Drake in 2014 and 2016 , Blake Shelton in 2015 , and Ariana Grande in 2016 . With the exception of Season 7 and several other rare cases , the show has begun with a cold open that ends with someone breaking character and proclaiming `` Live from New York , it 's Saturday Night ! '' Saturday Night Live is one of the longest running network programs in American television history , with over 800 episodes broadcast over the span of 42 seasons . A number of the show 's sketches have been developed into feature films , including The Blues Brothers , Wayne 's World , A Night at the Roxbury , Superstar , Coneheads , and MacGruber . Seasons 1 through 5 are available on DVD in Region 1 . Various Saturday Night Live sketches are available in several new media formats , including streaming on Hulu and Netflix . Selected sketches and segments are also available for purchase at the iTunes Store to download and playback on home computers and certain iPod and iPhone models .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "77ae8b021d1611a2bee6b52f67249473", "text": "Pilot (Glee) `` Pilot '' is the pilot episode of the American television series Glee , which premiered on the Fox network on May 19 , 2009 . An extended director 's cut version aired on September 2 , 2009 . The show focuses on a high school show choir , also known as a glee club , set within the fictional William McKinley High School in Lima , Ohio . The pilot episode covers the formation of the club and introduces the main characters . The episode was directed by series creator Ryan Murphy , and written by Murphy , Brad Falchuk and Ian Brennan . Murphy selected the music featured in the episode , with the intention of maintaining a balance between showtunes and chart hits . The episode achieved 9.619 million viewers on first broadcast , and 4.2 million when the director 's cut version aired . Critical response was mixed , with The New York Times Alessandra Stanley highlighting the episode 's unoriginality and stereotyped characters , but praising the showmanship and talent of the cast . The Daily News David Hinckley opined that the show was imperfect and implausible but `` potentially heartwarming , '' while USA Today Robert Bianco noted casting and tone problems , but commented positively on the show 's humor and musical performances . Mary McNamara for the LA Times wrote that the show had a wide audience appeal , calling it : `` the first show in a long time that 's just plain full-throttle , no-guilty-pleasure-rationalizations-necessary fun . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b2a4dbc30e72828733b6d6ec1a13fe18", "text": "Miranda Sings Miranda Sings is a fictional character , developed on the internet , created in 2008 and portrayed by American comedian , actress and YouTube personality Colleen Ballinger . Ballinger displays videos of the comically talentless , egotistical , misguided and quirky character on her YouTube channel . In these videos , the eccentric , narcissistic , yet endearing character sings and dances badly , gives inept `` tutorials '' , recounts her daily activities , discusses current events that she often misunderstands , collaborates with other YouTubers , and rants about her critics , reading examples of hate mail directed at the character on social media ; she responds to them with her catchphrase : `` Haters Back Off ! '' . Ballinger created the character as a satire of bad but arrogant singers who believe that posting their videos on YouTube will lead to them breaking into show business . As of February 2017 , the Miranda Sings YouTube channel had surpassed 1.2 billion views and 7 million subscribers , and Miranda had more than 6 million Instagram followers . Miranda has been ranked the 7th `` most popular '' YouTube personality by Daily American , and the channel was ranked No. 38 of all time by NewMediaRockstars . The character also has an active presence on other social media . Since 2009 , in addition to her internet videos , Ballinger has regularly presented live comedy acts , in character as Miranda Sings , at first in cabaret spaces and later in theaters in New York , London , and other cities in the US , Canada , Europe , Australia and elsewhere . Her acts include Miranda 's signature off-key singing of pop music hits and show tunes , with introductions focusing on the character 's backstory . Her delivery is full of malapropisms , mondegreens and spoonerisms , and the acts incorporate interaction with audience volunteers , giving a `` voice lesson '' to , or singing a duet with , Broadway or other musical celebrities , reading hate mail , and singing while being stabbed through the neck in her `` magic trick '' . The character has appeared in web series , interviews and an episode of the TV show Victorious . In 2014 , she guest-starred in character on an episode of Comedians in Cars Getting Coffee with Jerry Seinfeld and appeared on The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon . In July 2015 , she released a New York Times # 1 best-selling book , written in Miranda 's voice , titled Selp-Helf . Miranda is the main character in the Netflix original series Haters Back Off , which premiered in 2016 and has been renewed for 2017 . Ballinger won a Teen Choice Award and a Streamy Award for her Miranda videos .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ab67c0a9ab4557eb48cb76b4f31ecb2", "text": "American Idol (season 9) The ninth season of American Idol premiered on January 12 , 2010 and concluded on May 26 , 2010 on Fox . Simon Cowell , Randy Jackson and Kara DioGuardi returned to the judging panel . Ellen DeGeneres joined the panel as a replacement for Paula Abdul after guest judges filled in during the auditions . Idol Gives Back also returned for the season and was held on April 21 , 2010 , during the top seven results show . The top 24 semi-finals format used in the fourth through seventh seasons also returned this season . Cowell , DioGuardi and DeGeneres all left the show after this season ended , although only Cowell 's departure was announced in advance . This was the second season where neither of the final 2 contestants had been in the bottom 2 or 3 prior to the finale , with the first being the seventh season . This was also the third consecutive season a male contestant had won , the longest streak for either gender . It was the first season since sixth season where a female made it to the finale and was also the first time since seventh season seven that both the finalists released a different song as a debut single . Lee DeWyze , a folk rocker from Mount Prospect , Illinois won the competition , beating the runner-up Crystal Bowersox . Eight contestants from this season were signed to record labels . The signed artists are Lee DeWyze , Crystal Bowersox , Casey James , Michael Lynche , Siobhan Magnus , Tim Urban , Didi Benami , and Lacey Brown .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0bd57d08eac5df9d334d5cba80c62395", "text": "Glee, Actually `` Glee , Actually '' is the tenth episode of the fourth season of the American musical television series Glee , and the seventy-sixth episode overall as well as the show 's third Christmas-themed episode . Written by Matthew Hodgson and directed by Adam Shankman , it aired on Fox in the United States on December 13 , 2012 . The episode garnered mixed reviews from critics ; and was watched by 5.26 million viewers , receiving an 18-49 rating of 2.0 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3435b76a83277a7d6f10a26e780206ed", "text": "The Secret Life of the American Teenager (season 2) The second season of The Secret Life of the American Teenager , an American television series created by Brenda Hampton , debuted on the ABC Family television network on Monday , June 22 , 2009 at 8:00 PM . Season two regular cast members include Shailene Woodley , India Eisley , Daren Kagasoff , Francia Raisa , Kenny Baumann , Molly Ringwald , Mark Derwin , Megan Park , and Greg Finley II . Following the first season , Jorge Pallo and Luke Zimmerman were demoted to recurring guest stars . Jorge returned for a select number of episodes to wrap up his character 's storyline and eventually departed the series after its January return . Following the success of its first season , ABC Family announced on January 31 , 2009 , plans to renew Secret Life , following the cancellation of its hit sci-fi TV show , Kyle XY . The official press release was released on February 9 with ABC Family ordering 24 episodes for season two . Season 2 began with 12 episodes broadcast starting June 22 , 2009 . Though marketed as the season finale , the mid season finale aired on September 7 , 2009 , with the second half of the season returning on January 4 , 2010 . The second 12 episodes finished their run on March 22 , 2010 . The season premiere of Secret Life brought in the largest audience for the show so far , with a record breaking 4.68 million viewers . It brought in the second largest audience in adults 18-34 with 1.40 million viewers , behind season one 's mid-season finale . 2.10 million adults 18-49 watched `` The Big One '' along with 1.60 million females between the ages 18 -- 34 . The season premiere remains the number one scripted original premiere of Summer 2009 in Adults 18-34 . Furthermore , the mid-season premiere became ABC Family 's most watched telecast of all time with viewers ages 12 -- 34 with more than three million viewers watching . The mid-season premiere also brought in the show 's second largest audience in total viewers , with more than 4.55 million people watching . This season , Amy Juergens must deal with juggling motherhood and high school , while her family and friends experience relationship challenges of their own .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "88d59fdfe2c26bb5682bfde39b0f4d4b", "text": "Dance with Somebody (Glee) `` Dance with Somebody '' is the seventeenth episode of the third season of the American musical television series Glee , and the sixty-first overall . Written by Ross Maxwell and directed by Paris Barclay , the episode aired on Fox in the United States on April 24 , 2012 . It is a special tribute episode to Whitney Houston , who died ten weeks earlier ( February 11 ) , and features seven of her songs . Upon its initial airing , this episode attracted 6.90 million American viewers and received a 2.7 / 8 Nielsen rating/share in the 18 -- 49 demographic , an increase of over 10 % from the 2.4 / 7 rating/share and 6.23 million viewers of the previous episode , `` Saturday Night Glee-ver '' , which was broadcast on April 17 , 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "acb2080c4c4bddcb1f48e11e9b65d07d", "text": "Dan Domenech Dan Domenech is an American actor best known for his portrayal of Drew in the Broadway theatre musical Rock of Ages ( musical ) and a recurring guest appearance on Glee ( TV series ) . Domenech has also appeared in the pre-Broadway runs of Wonderland ( musical ) and Sister Act ( musical ) . National/International tours include Rent ( musical ) and Rock of Ages ( musical ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "54e80c22c370da2f785a2abb7ce5d62a", "text": "Choke (Glee) `` Choke '' is the eighteenth episode of the third season of the American musical television series Glee , and the sixty-second overall . Written by Marti Noxon and directed by Michael Uppendahl , the episode aired on Fox in the United States on May 1 , 2012 , and features the first appearance of special guest star Whoopi Goldberg as Carmen Tibideaux , Dean of the New York Academy of Dramatic Arts ( NYADA ) , and the introduction of Puck 's father ( Thomas Calabro ) . Upon its initial airing , Choke attracted 6.01 million American viewers and received a 2.5 / 8 Nielsen rating/share in the 18 -- 49 demographic , down significantly from the 2.7 / 8 rating/share and 6.90 million viewers of the previous episode , `` Dance with Somebody '' , which was broadcast a week before .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ec0890c02243a1e93d13b5f3ebfe05a0", "text": "List of The Fosters episodes The Fosters is an American drama series on Freeform ( then known as ABC Family ) that premiered on June 3 , 2013 . The series follows the lives of Lena Adams ( Sherri Saum ) and Stef Foster ( Teri Polo ) , the Fosters , who are an interracial , lesbian couple living in the Mission Bay area of San Diego , raising Stef 's biological son , Brandon ( David Lambert ) , along with adopted twins , Jesus ( Jake T. Austin/Noah Centineo ) and Mariana ( Cierra Ramirez ) . Lena is a charter school vice principal and Stef is a police officer . Lena decides to take in `` troubled '' teenager Callie ( Maia Mitchell ) and her younger brother Jude ( Hayden Byerly ) , who have endured a series of abusive foster homes . The show resumed its second season on January 19 , 2015 . The series was renewed for a third season on January 13 . The third season began on June 8 , 2015 , with the second half premiering on January 25 , 2016 on Freeform . On November 30 , 2015 , Freeform announced that the series was renewed for a fourth season , which premiered on June 20 , 2016 . The second half of the fourth season premiered on January 31 , 2017 , replacing the timeslot for Pretty Little Liars . On January 10 , 2017 , Freeform announced that the series was renewed for a fifth season , which will start airing on July 11 , 2017 . As of April 11 , 2017 , 82 episodes of The Fosters have aired , concluding the fourth season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7770b9470539cb6569fa9059a3f3f43c", "text": "A Katy or a Gaga `` A Katy or a Gaga '' is the fourth episode of the fifth season of the American musical television series Glee , and the ninety-second episode overall . It was written by executive producers Russel Friend & Garrett Lerner , and directed by co-creator Ian Brennan , and it aired on Fox in the United States on November 7 , 2013 . The episode features the music of Katy Perry and Lady Gaga , the debut of guest star Adam Lambert as Elliott `` Starchild '' Gilbert , and the return of special guest star Demi Lovato as Dani , Santana 's ( Naya Rivera ) girlfriend . In this episode , the glee club is challenged to perform music from either Katy Perry or Lady Gaga , whichever performer they have the least affinity for , to stretch their boundaries . Kurt decides to form a band , and is resistant to the idea that he should include Starchild in it following a highly flamboyant yet excellent audition . The episode was watched by 4.01 million viewers , and received mixed reviews from critics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc2e586313a2ae8bbb85ad421d42b1a3", "text": "List of The Comeback episodes The Comeback is an American television comedy-drama series produced by HBO that stars actress Lisa Kudrow as sitcom actress Valerie Cherish in modern-day Los Angeles . It was created by Kudrow and Michael Patrick King , a former executive producer of Sex and the City . Kudrow and King are also screenwriters and executive producers of the series , with King also serving as the director of some episodes . The series premiered on HBO on June 5 , 2005 and aired for a single , 13-episode season before being canceled . The series was revived nine years later and an eight-episode second season started airing on HBO on November 9 , 2014 . , 21 episodes of The Comeback have aired , concluding its second season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b7d55f9eef703684bd3ea6135307823d", "text": "List of songs in Smash Smash is an American musical series that premiered on NBC , Monday , February 6 , 2012 . It was announced on June 9 , 2011 , that NBC had signed a deal with Columbia Records for a soundtrack of the series . The deal gave Columbia world-wide , digital and physical rights to the first season , with options to subsequent seasons . The deal included both original songs written for the series and any covers of songs featured on the show . By the end of the first season , 36 studio recordings of the show 's musical performances were released , 31 of them on iTunes and five with the deluxe edition of the first season soundtrack . The first season soundtrack , The Music of Smash , was released on May 1 , 2012 . A deluxe edition , with additional songs , was available exclusively from Target until early 2013 . A second soundtrack album from the show , Bombshell , which serves as the `` cast album '' for Bombshell , the main show-within-the-show , was released on February 12 , 2013 , in standard and deluxe versions , the latter again exclusively from Target . A third soundtrack album , The Music of Smash : The Complete Season 1 , was released digitally exclusively by iTunes on May 21 , 2013 . It consists of 36 songs that had been previously released for Season 1 , either as singles or on the previous soundtrack albums , including the deluxe Target edition of The Music of Smash ( which is currently out of print ) . A fourth soundtrack album , The Music of Smash : The Complete Season 2 , was released digitally exclusively by iTunes on May 21 , 2013 . It consists of 51 songs from the second season , including three that had n't previously been released during the season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "94597a23c6dc6d188a5a60ea3a86b507", "text": "Gleeden Gleeden is a French online dating community and social networking service primarily marketed to women , specifically those who are already in a relationship . In 2009 , the site was launched in France . More than 65 % of users reside in the European Union . The company serves as a secure dating service open to all genders and to practitioners of all lifestyles . Gleeden 's membership service is free for women to use . The name of the site is a portmanteau of `` Glee '' and `` Eden '' ( referring to the biblical `` Garden of Eden '' ) . The site has more than 2 million members . According to Alexa.org , reports show that most Gleeden members have completed graduate school .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d2445bd011e165123b33f6fbbfa08019", "text": "Pretending (Glee song) Pretending is an original song from the second season of the American musical comedy-drama Glee , entitled New York . The episode included two other original songs : `` As Long as You 're There '' and `` Light Up the World . the song was featured on the show 's Volume 6 soundtrack . The song was written by Adam Anders , Peer Astrom and Shelly Peiken .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e3681aa0087f5f31ff278df7d902e41a", "text": "Glee Live! In Concert! Glee Live ! In Concert ! is a concert tour performed in character by members of the cast of the popular television series , Glee . The tour , created by series creator Ryan Murphy was designed due to the overwhelming response to the series . The show reached North America , the United Kingdom and Ireland . Murphy states the series ' soundtrack and concerts were an additional revenue stream for the series . The tour received great responses from both music critics and fans of the series . The first North American leg of the tour in 2010 was seen by over 70,000 spectators , generating over five million dollars in ticket sales and ranking ninth on the Billboard Hot Tours list . The 2011 tour was seen by an audience of over 485,000 and placed sixteenth on Billboard annual Top 25 Tours list , earning over $ 40 million from 40 shows .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a8f5c3bddf124c3b368fb99602b46c0c", "text": "Ian Brennan (writer) Ian Brennan ( born April 23 , 1978 ) is a television writer , actor , producer and director . He is best known for his work on the American television shows Glee and Scream Queens .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b971499eab4de6e7f8d0f3309240ae7e", "text": "Cool for the Summer `` Cool for the Summer '' is a song by American singer Demi Lovato . It serves as the lead single from her fifth studio album , Confident ( 2015 ) . The song was released on July 1 , 2015 , by Hollywood , and Island Records , and made its radio premiere on the same date via Republic Records . Lovato co-wrote `` Cool for the Summer '' with Alexander Erik Kronlund , Savan Kotecha , and the song 's producers Max Martin and Ali Payami . Musically , it has a rock styled edge over an electronic instrumental arrangement . The song has garnered attention for its bi-curious insinuations and sexually suggestive lyrics . Critics praised `` Cool for the Summer '' for its production and bi-curious lyrical content . It was included on several year-end lists and received nominations for the MTV Video Music Awards and 2015 Teen Choice Awards in the `` Song Of The Summer '' category . The song received an award for being one of the most performed songs of 2015 at the ASCAP Pop Music Awards . Commercially `` Cool for the Summer '' had a positive reception . In United States the song debuted at number 36 on the Billboard Hot 100 dated July 18 , 2015 , selling 80,000 copies in its first charting week . It entered the Hot 100 's top 20 on the chart dated August 15 , 2015 , and peaked at number 11 , becoming Lovato 's third highest chart position . The song also reached number one on the Dance Club Songs chart . It was certified double-platinum by RIAA . `` Cool for the Summer '' has also topped the charts in Greece and peaked within the top 10 in Belgium , the Czech Republic , Lebanon , Mexico , New Zealand , and the United Kingdom as well as the top 20 in Australia , Canada , Ireland , Slovakia , and Spain . Its music video was directed by Hannah Lux Davis and released on July 23 , 2015 . It received positive reviews from critics , who praised the singer 's sensuality and artistic growth . To promote the song , Lovato performed it at pool parties after its release . She also promoted the song on several TV programs such as The Voice , Sunrise , the 2015 MTV Video Music Awards , Jimmy Kimmel Live ! , and Saturday Night Live .", "title": "" } ]
fever
32056a0ebcb8c92346d02b50b459c692
North Vancouver is served by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, Canada's federal and national police force.
[ { "docid": "ab7aa6424d4230012f9f4c88040cd1e6", "text": "Royal Canadian Mounted Police The Royal Canadian Mounted Police ( RCMP ; -LSB- Gendarmerie royale du Canada , links = no -RSB- ( GRC ) , `` Royal Gendarmerie of Canada '' ; colloquially known as the Mounties , and internally as `` the Force '' ) is both a federal and a national police force of Canada . The RCMP provides law enforcement at a federal level in Canada , and also on a contract basis to the three territories , eight of Canada 's provinces ( the RCMP does not provide provincial or municipal policing in either Ontario or Quebec ) , more than 150 municipalities , 600 aboriginal communities , and three international airports .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "006cbcaa1b7ec204111fda2d872192b4", "text": "North Vancouver (district municipality) The District of North Vancouver is a district municipality in British Columbia , Canada and is part of the Greater Vancouver Regional District ( GVRD ) . It surrounds the City of North Vancouver on three sides . As of 2016 , the District stands as the second wealthiest city in Canada , with neighbouring West Vancouver the richest . The municipality is largely characterized as being a relatively quiet , affluent suburban hub home to many middle and upper-middle class families . Homes in the District generally range from mid-sized family bungalows to very large luxury houses ( particularly in the District 's Capilano/Edgemont neighbourhood ) . Some developments have popped up across the district in recent years , however the District remains a primarily suburban municipality . The District is served by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police , British Columbia Ambulance Service , and the District of North Vancouver Fire Department .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "dc9c28f94dd921b1740236db04d600c2", "text": "Mount Royal, Quebec Mount Royal ( officially , Town of Mount Royal , abbreviated TMR ) is an affluent on-island suburban town located on the northwest side of the eponymous Mount Royal , north of Downtown Montreal , on the Island of Montreal in southwestern Quebec , Canada . It is completely surrounded by Montreal . The population was 19,503 as of the Canada 2011 Census . In 2008 , most of the Town of Mount Royal was designated a National Historic Site of Canada , as a '' -LSB- remarkable -RSB- synthesis of urban renewal movements of the early 20th century , reflecting the influence of the City Beautiful , Garden City and Garden Suburb movements '' . The town celebrated its 100th anniversary in 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "55159f3b646fbf0a710ce8e4de19a908", "text": "Police Museum Police Museum may refer to : In Canada : RCMP Heritage Centre , Regina , Saskatchewan Rotary Museum of Police and Corrections , Prince Albert , Saskatchewan Vancouver Police Centennial Museum Winnipeg Police Museum In the United Kingdom : Kent Police Museum , Chatham , Kent , England Sheffield Fire and Police Museum ( The National Emergency Services Museum ) in Sheffield , England Thames Valley Police Museum West Midlands Police Museum , Birmingham , England In the United States : Alaska State Troopers Museum Maryland State Police Museum , Pikesville New York City Police Museum Seattle Metropolitan Police Museum Texas Ranger Hall of Fame and Museum Elsewhere : Cyprus Police Museum Hong Kong Police Museum World Police Museum , Taiwan", "title": "" }, { "docid": "94a4f8e802536ecf8a5a074301e37f61", "text": "List of mayors of Vancouver The Mayor of the City of Vancouver is the official head and chief executive officer of Vancouver , British Columbia . The mayor is elected for a four-year term . The 39th and current Mayor is Gregor Robertson .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7b7a1a85951fa6e87acb4fea53350e24", "text": "St. Roch (ship) RCMPV St. Roch is a Royal Canadian Mounted Police schooner , the first ship to completely circumnavigate North America , and the second sailing vessel to complete a voyage through the Northwest Passage . She was the first ship to complete the Northwest Passage in the direction west to east ( Pacific to the Atlantic Ocean ) , going the same route that Amundsen on the sailing vessel Gjøa went east to west , 38 years earlier . The ship was most often captained by Henry Larsen . Liverpool born Sgt. Fred S. Farrar R.C.M.P. ( 1901-1954 ) was a crew member of St. Roch for various voyages including the 1950 voyage that circumnavigated North America , he wrote the book Arctic Assignment : The Story of the St. Roch . which was published posthumously in 1955 . The Stan Rogers song `` Take It From Day To Day '' is the lament of a crew member on St. Roch . The ship is located at the Vancouver Maritime Museum in Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada and is open to the public for scheduled visits .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "84b2a1288615512653476236722d1dc8", "text": "British Columbia Court of Appeal The British Columbia Court of Appeal ( BCCA ) is the highest appellate court in the province of British Columbia , Canada . It was established in 1910 following the 1907 Court of Appeal Act . The BCCA hears appeals from the Supreme Court of British Columbia and a number of boards and tribunals . The BCCA also hears criminal appeals from the Provincial Court of British Columbia where the proceedings in that court were by indictment . It will hear summary conviction appeals from the Supreme Court on criminal matters that originated in the Provincial Court . Statute restricts appeals on civil matters from the Provincial Court ( Small Claims ) to the Supreme Court . However , some Provincial Court civil matters may come before the BCCA on very narrow matters having to do with questions of administrative law or other unusual circumstances . The BCCA consists of 22 justices ( including a Chief Justice ) , ten of whom are supernumerary . All justices of the BCCA ( including the position of Chief Justice ) are appointed by the federal government . The central registry for the BCCA is in Vancouver , where the BCCA holds most of its sittings . The BCCA also occasionally hears cases in Victoria , Kelowna , and Kamloops . The judges for the Court also double as judges for the Yukon Court of Appeal . Cases from Yukon are heard in both Vancouver and in Whitehorse . A full division of the court consists of five justices ; however , most cases are heard by a division of three justices . A single justice will preside over matters heard in '' chambers '' , usually Interlocutory matters or applications for leave to appeal . Unlike in Ontario where a sitting of the Court of Appeal is referred to as a `` panel '' , in the BCCA a sitting of the Court is referred to as a `` division '' . Counsel appearing in the BCCA are required to `` gown '' . This court dress is identical to that worn in the Supreme Court of British Columbia , and consists of a white wing collar with bands , along with a black bar jacket and black gown ( some counsel will wear a black waistcoat and suit rather than a bar jacket ) . Male barristers will generally wear black or striped trousers , with female barristers wearing either trousers or a skirt . Queen 's Counsel wear a more elaborate bar jacket as well as a silk gown . Court dress is not required for matters heard in Chambers , wherein standard business dress can be worn by both counsel and the sitting justice . When the court moved from its previous location ( what is now the Vancouver Art Gallery ) , one of the old courtrooms was reconstructed in the present Arthur Erickson designed Vancouver Law Courts . When in session , a division of the court will often preside in this Heritage Courtroom . All courts in the Province of British Columbia display the Arms of Her Majesty in Right of the United Kingdom , as a symbol of its judiciary .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "90652dc4e54024e870e2040751610876", "text": "Law enforcement in Nepal The Nepalese Police Force is the national police of Nepal . It is independent of the Nepalese Army . Although once brought under the Army in the name of `` Unified Command '' , it is taken as a force separate from the Army . In the days of its establishment , Nepal Police personnel were mainly drawn from the armed forces of the Nepali Congress Party which fought against feudal Rana autocracy in Nepal .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0250838b03521a839ccf591fa1a05c6a", "text": "Cariboo (electoral district) '' For the region of the Canadian province of British Columbia , see Cariboo . For the provincial electoral district of the same name , see Cariboo ( provincial electoral district ) . Cariboo was a federal electoral district in British Columbia , Canada , that was represented in the Canadian House of Commons from 1871 to 1892 . This riding was first created as Cariboo District following British Columbia 's admission into the Canadian Confederation in 1871 . The name was changed to `` Cariboo '' in 1872 , and existed in this form until it was abolished in 1892 when it was amalgamated into the new riding of Yale -- Cariboo . In 1914 , Yale -- Cariboo was redistributed and Yale and Cariboo were separate ridings once again , though with smaller areas than before . The Cariboo riding lasted until 1966 . The succession of ridings for the Cariboo area since then has been : Kamloops -- Cariboo ( 1966 -- 1976 ) Cariboo -- Chilcotin ( 1976 -- 2003 ) Cariboo -- Prince George ( 2003 - ) Kamloops -- Thompson -- Cariboo ( 2004 - ) The Chilcotin region of the riding , west of the Fraser River , was from 1966 to 1976 part of the Coast Chilcotin riding . The original form of the riding was the whole of the Cariboo Plateau and both Cariboo and Lillooet Land Districts . Its southern boundary was on the northern edge of the New Westminster riding , and later the Burrard riding , then the North Vancouver riding , with near-coastal localities such as Pemberton , Squamish , Britannia Beach and Port Douglas all politically part of `` Cariboo '' . Under the Representation Act of 1892 , the constituencies of Yale and Cariboo were united to form Yale -- Cariboo . In 1914 that riding was broken up and the Yale and Cariboo riding-names were restored , although the new constituencies were considerably smaller than before . The restored Yale riding included the Boundary Country around Grand Forks and Greenwood , but the Kootenay was now a separate riding and the town of Yale itself was not in the restored Yale riding , but in the new riding of Westminster District . The first election using the new boundaries was in 1917 . `` Government '' and `` Opposition '' were used during the wartime campaign to designate the governing Conservatives vs the Opposition Liberals . A major redistribution in 1952 took away the southern half of the Cariboo district , with a southern boundary at 52 degrees 30 minutes north , just excluding Williams Lake and the south bank of Quesnel Lake . The rest of the riding extended to the Little Rancheria River and the border with Yukonand the Northwest Territories , therefore including the Omineca , Prince George and Peace River districts . The Cariboo electoral district was abolished in 1966 . Successor ridings were : Coast Chilcotin ( 1966 - 1976 ) Kamloops -- Cariboo ( 1966 - 1976 ) Prince George -- Peace River ( 1966 - 1976 ) Skeena ( 1914 - 2003 )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2028b344c48c96939101f48bd4adbb15", "text": "Fraser Valley Regional District The Fraser Valley Regional District ( FVRD ) is a regional district in British Columbia , Canada . Its headquarters are located in the city of Chilliwack . The FVRD covers an area of 13,361.74 km ² ( 5,159 sq mi ) . It was created by an amalgamation of the Fraser-Cheam Regional District and Central Fraser Valley Regional District and the portion of the Dewdney-Alouette Regional District from and including the District of Mission eastwards . The FVRD incorporates roughly the eastern half of the Lower Mainland region of southwestern BC , and is bordered by Whatcom County , Washington to the south , Metro Vancouver to the west , and the Okanagan-Similkameen Regional District to the east . The northern border with the Squamish-Lillooet Regional District and the Thompson-Nicola Regional District falls just south of the towns of Skookumchuck Hot Springs and Lytton , respectively . It also includes unincorporated areas north of the City of Pitt Meadows which were formerly part of the Dewdney-Alouette Regional District but which were not transferred to the Greater Vancouver Regional District when it expanded to take in Pitt Meadows and Maple Ridge .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2bf6ad20831a1d30272d4031020efb78", "text": "Organized Crime Agency of British Columbia The Organized Crime Agency of British Columbia ( OCABC ) was established as a Designated Policing and Law Enforcement Unit under the Police Act ( B.C. ) on March 11 , 1999 . Similar to the structure and authority of municipal police departments in British Columbia , OCABC is an independent policing agency . The specific mandate of OCABC is to facilitate the disruption and suppression of organized crime which impacts all British Columbians . The Organized Crime Agency of BC ( OCABC ) was created in direct response to the recommendations of the report of the Organized Crime Independent Review Committee , chaired by Stephen Owen ( `` The Owen Report , '' September 15 , 1998 ) . The Agency was incorporated as a Society in March 1999 under the BC Police Act to replace its forerunner , the Coordinated Law Enforcement Unit ( CLEU ) . The Owen Report found CLEU to be `` ... not sufficiently equipped , mandated or able to cope with the growing sophistication and diversity of organized crime '' . OCABC became fully operational in February 2000 , similar in structure and authority to other municipal police departments in British Columbia . As a designated Police Agency in the province of British Columbia , the Organized Crime Agency of BC has its own contingent of sworn law enforcement officers and civilian personnel , and is responsible for : `` Providing designated Policing and designated Law Enforcement to reduce and eliminate organized crime and other significant criminal activity in British Columbia '' . OCABC derives its powers from Section 4.1 ( 2 ) ( c ) and 18.1 ( d ) of the Police Act .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ec62a8998c3b85a9433e576dc46f1fd2", "text": "West Vancouver West Vancouver is a district municipality in the province of British Columbia , Canada . A member municipality of Metro Vancouver , the governing body of the Greater Vancouver Regional District , the municipality is northwest of the city of Vancouver on the northern side of English Bay and the southeast shore of Howe Sound , and is adjoined by the District of North Vancouver to its east . Together with the District of North Vancouver and City of North Vancouver , it is part of a local regional grouping referred to as the North Shore municipalities , or simply `` The North Shore '' . West Vancouver has a population of 42,694 ( 2011 census ) . Cypress Provincial Park , mostly located within the municipal boundaries , was one of the venues for the 2010 Winter Olympics . West Vancouver is also home of Canada 's first shopping mall , Park Royal Shopping Centre , and also of the Horseshoe Bay Ferry Terminal , one of the main connecting points between the British Columbia mainland and Vancouver Island .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fab2279ae0e102efa18fff7ebe3a924b", "text": "Human trafficking in Canada Human trafficking in Canada has become a significant legal and political issue , and Canadian legislators have been criticized for having failed to deal with the problem in a more systematic way . Public Safety Canada defines human trafficking as `` the recruitment , transportation , harbouring and/or exercising control , direction or influence over the movements of a person in order to exploit that person , typically through sexual exploitation or forced labour . It is often described as a modern form of slavery . '' British Columbia 's Office to Combat Trafficking in Persons formed in 2007 , making British Columbia the first province of Canada to address human trafficking in a formal manner . The biggest human trafficking case in Canadian history surrounded the dismantling of the Domotor-Kolompar criminal organization . On June 6 , 2012 , the Government of Canada established the National Action Plan to Combat Human Trafficking in order to oppose human trafficking . The Human Trafficking Taskforce was established in June 2012 to replace the Interdepartmental Working Group on Trafficking in Persons as the body responsible for the development of public policy related to human trafficking in Canada .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "36a949dc37316d85dae7146ab26983cf", "text": "McKenna–McBride Royal Commission The Royal Commission on Indian Affairs for the Province of British Columbia ( commonly known as the McKenna -- McBride Royal Commission ) was a Royal Commission established in 1912 to resolve the `` Indian reserve question '' in British Columbia . In 1916 , the Commission recommended the removal approximately 47000 acre of land ( with an assessed value between $ 1,347,912.72 and $ 1,533,704.72 ) from 54 reserves , and the addition of about 87000 acre of land ( with an assessed value of only $ 444,838.80 ) . So while the area of the added reserve lands was nearly double that of that withdrawn , the value of the land added was only about one-third the value of the land taken away . On July 19 , 1924 an amended McKenna McBride Commission was adopted and applied as the B.C. Indian Lands Settlement Act . Reserve land was removed in 35 places from 23 Bands .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2f85556e8236150b70dfd6ec8a170200", "text": "Rwanda National Police The Rwanda National Police is the police service of Rwanda .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b12b8e94b99f853d4fb726a4e4ed44bf", "text": "Kruger v R Kruger v R , -LSB- 1978 -RSB- 1 S.C.R. 104 , was a decision by the Supreme Court of Canada on the relationship between the Indian Act and provincial game laws . The Indian Act is a federal law enacted under the British North America Act , 1867 , which gives jurisdiction over Aboriginals to the federal government . The Court found that the Indian Act 's statement that provincial laws may apply to Aboriginal peoples in Canada as long as they apply to other people protects laws even if these laws affect Aboriginals more than others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3287ac3c5d325f54ba2c1b873fb2abc5", "text": "Timeline of BC Legislature Raids The timeline of the BC Legislature Raids is the series of key dates associated with the investigation , trial and political outcomes related to the BC Legislature Raids . The public first became aware of the issue on December 28 , 2003 , when television cameras recorded `` a shocking raid '' by police officers into the legislative buildings of the provincial government of British Columbia ( BC ) , Canada . Images of officers of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police ( RCMP ) and Victoria Police Department hauling boxes of evidence were widely broadcast . The offices searched belonged to Dave Basi and Bob Virk , ministerial assistants to two cabinet ministers . The main criminal trial ended in October 2010 with Virk and Basi pleading guilty to breach of trust . Public questions and controversies continue about payment of $ 6 million by government to cover their legal fees and whether more people were involved in the corruption activities .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "34b24e42787012762419d5f361106936", "text": "Northern Health Northern Health is the publicly funded healthcare provider for the northern half of the Canadian province of British Columbia . Northern Health serves over 300,000 people in an area of 600,000 square kilometers . The health region operates over two dozen hospitals , several long-term care facilities for seniors , public health units , as well as addictions and mental health services . Northern Health has received recognition in the Excellence in BC Healthcare Awards for its Care North primary care renewal initiative , as well as its NH Connections medical travel assistance program . NH employs over 7,000 people . The area region includes the communities of : Atlin Burns Lake Chetwynd Dawson Creek Fort Nelson Fort St. James Fort St. John Haida Gwaii ( formerly Queen Charlotte Islands ) Hazelton Houston Hudson 's Hope Kitimat Mackenzie Masset McBride Pouce Coupe Prince Rupert Prince George Quesnel Sandspit Smithers Terrace Tumbler Ridge Valemount Vanderhoof", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b07ef1613520b05c14fd381692d03896", "text": "British Columbia Ombudsperson The Office of the British Columbia Ombudsperson is one of ten provincial ombudsman offices in Canada . It receives enquiries and complaints about the administrative practices and services of public agencies in British Columbia . It is headed by the B.C. Ombudsperson , an officer of the provincial legislature who is independent of government and political parties . Its role is to impartially investigate complaints to determine whether public agencies have acted fairly and reasonably , and whether their actions and decisions were consistent with relevant legislation , policies and procedures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bcf65e937fb7eaeef25181df41601476", "text": "Police use of firearms in the United Kingdom The United Kingdom is made up of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales ( which make up Great Britain ) , and Northern Ireland . In Northern Ireland , all police officers carry firearms . In the rest of the United Kingdom , the majority of police officers do not carry firearms ; that duty is instead carried out by specially-trained firearms officers . This originates from the formation of the Metropolitan Police Service in the 19th century , when police were not armed , partly to counter public fears and objections over armed enforcers as this had been previously seen due to the British Army maintaining order when needed . The arming of police in Great Britain is a perennial topic of debate . However , the Police Service of Northern Ireland ( formerly the Royal Ulster Constabulary ) , Northern Ireland Security Guard Service , Ministry of Defence Police , Civil Nuclear Constabulary , Belfast Harbour Police , Belfast International Airport Constabulary , and most of the Specialist Operations units of the Metropolitan Police are all issued firearms as a matter of routine . Every force also has a Force firearms unit , with armed response vehicles . In relation to specialist firearms officers , in the year 2011 -- 12 , there were 6,756 Authorised Firearms Officers , 12,550 police operations in which firearms were authorised throughout England and Wales and five incidents where conventional firearms were used . The vast majority of officers are instead issued with other items for personal defence , such as speedcuffs , extendable `` ASP '' batons , and incapacitant sprays such as PAVA or CS spray . While not firearms , incapacitant sprays are subject to some of the same rules and regulations as a projectile firing firearm under Section 5 ( b ) of the Firearms Act 1968 . Since 2004 , police forces have increasingly been issuing Tasers to Authorised Firearms Officers for use against armed assailants . Tasers are considered by the authorities to be a non-lethal alternative to firearms .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "51f3abee715d5f52002553a262aa1712", "text": "Alberta Serious Incident Response Team The Alberta Serious Incident Response Team is the civilian oversight agency in Alberta , Canada responsible for the investigation of incidents resulted in serious injury or death to any person , as well as serious or sensitive allegations of police misconduct . ASIRT has jurisdiction over all municipal police officers and Royal Canadian Mounted Police `` K '' Division officers , and for all complaints whether on or off duty related .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a55acd5d10d51476af6b8128963423c8", "text": "Trolley buses in Vancouver The Vancouver trolley bus system forms part of the public transport network serving Metro Vancouver , in the province of British Columbia , Canada . In operation since 1948 , the system presently comprises 13 routes , and is managed by the Coast Mountain Bus Company , a subsidiary of TransLink . It uses a fleet of 262 trolley buses , of which 74 are articulated vehicles .", "title": "" } ]
fever
d40d71737d52d34809d820d3e6c7a447
The Night Of is a TV show.
[ { "docid": "e7c73092a9ecd2286526704da922fa7a", "text": "Miniseries A miniseries ( or mini-series , also known as a serial in the UK ) is a television program that tells a story in a predetermined , limited number of episodes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e250b2820ec318492f93e447136f470b", "text": "The Night Of The Night Of is an American eight-part crime drama television miniseries based on Criminal Justice , a 2008 -- 09 British television series . The miniseries was written by Richard Price and Steven Zaillian and directed by Zaillian and James Marsh . Broadcast on HBO , The Night Of premiered on July 10 , 2016 to critical acclaim . The first episode premiered on June 24 , 2016 , via HBO on-demand .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "64604b5985e1f07892c38a65fb2d6ae0", "text": "Star Tonight Star Tonight , an American television anthology series , aired on ABC from February 1955 to August 1956 . It consisted of 80 total episodes , 30 from 1955 and 50 from 1956 . Each episode was a self-contained story , usually adapted from famous plays , short-stories or novels by some of the writers of the day .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b34d5f595b394d5680f6eb83bd6eadf2", "text": "List of Sports Night characters Sports Night is an American comedy-drama which aired on ABC from September 1998 until May 2000 . The show goes behind the scenes at a fictional network sports round-up show , akin to ESPN show Sports Center , and the interactions on and off screen between the eccentric characters .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a04008321ca98f4865082271e0acb326", "text": "The First Nighter Program The First Nighter Program was a long-running radio anthology comedy-drama series broadcast from November 27 , 1930 , to September 27 , 1953 . The host was Mr. First Nighter ( Charles P. Hughes , Macdonald Carey , Bret Morrison , Marvin Miller , Don Briggs and Rye Billsbury -LSB- later known as Michael Rye -RSB- ) . An article in a 1939 newspaper observed , `` First Nighter was the first show to present complete and separate original plays each week . '' The show 's opening recreated the aural atmosphere of a Broadway opening . Before each week 's drama began , Mr. First Nighter was first heard walking on Broadway , emerging from the noise of people and street traffic into the crowded lobby of `` the Little Theater Off Times Square '' and then taking his seat in the third row center , where he gave the whispered introduction : The house lights have dimmed , and the curtain is about to go up on tonight 's production . Romantic comedies were the specialty of the series , and the principal roles were played by the teams of Don Ameche and June Meredith ( 1930 -- 36 ) , Ameche and Betty Lou Gerson ( 1935 -- 36 ) , Les Tremayne and Barbara Luddy ( 1936 -- 43 ) and Olan Soule and Luddy ( 1943 and after ) . Joseph T. Ainley produced and directed the series . The announcers were Larry Keating and Vincent Pelletier . Music was provided by `` The Famous First Nighter Orchestra '' , under the direction of Eric Sagerquist ( 1930 -- 44 ) , Caesar Petrillo ( 1945 -- 46 ) and Frank Worth ( 1947 -- 53 ) . The most popular episode may have been the annual Christmas episode , `` Little Town of Bethlehem , '' which was first performed in 1937 and every year afterwards at the request of the listening audience . Performing before a studio audience , the actors wore formal attire , with Luddy in a gown and Tremayne clad in evening clothes and top hat . Commercial breaks were signalled with the usher 's cry `` Smoking downstairs and in the outer lobby only , please ! '' , with the action resuming with a buzzer and the usher 's curtain call . The series ran on four radio networks in the following timeline : NBC Blue Network : 11/27/30 to 09/29/33 NBC Red Network : 10/06/33 to 02/12/37 CBS : 02/19/37 to 12/21/37 NBC Red Network : 01/07/38 to 08/26/38 CBS : 09/02/38 to 05/29/42 Mutual : 10/04/42 to 10/25/44 CBS : 10/20/45 to 04/13/46 and 10/04/47 to 10/20/49 NBC ( reruns ) : 04/27/52 to 09/27/53 The show was hosted by The Campana Company and solely featured commercials for their products . Due largely in part to this exposure , their Italian Balm became the best-selling hand lotion in the United States in the 1930s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "df31f8d1951afd099b5fb68bfcf624fe", "text": "The Late Show The Late Show may refer to : The Late Show is an umbrella title used by numerous local television stations in North America from the 1950s to the 1990s for their late night broadcasts of old movies Late Show ( CBS TV series ) , an American television talk show broadcast on CBS since 1993 , formerly hosted by David Letterman , and currently hosted by Stephen Colbert . Late Show with David Letterman ( 1993 -- 2015 ) The Late Show with Stephen Colbert ( 2015 -- present ) The Late Show ( Australian TV series ) , the Australian comedy television show of 1992 -- 1993 The Late Show ( Fox TV series ) , ( 1986-1988 ) a late-night American talk show broadcast by the Fox Network starring Joan Rivers for its first seven months followed by Arsenio Hall in 1987 and then Ross Shafer in 1988 and guest hosts at various times . The Late Show a late night entertainment and talk show which currently airs in Scotland on STV Glasgow from 2015 The Late Show ( BBC TV series ) , a British arts series which aired from late 1989 to 1995 The Late Show ( CBC radio ) , a radio documentary program about obituaries The Late Show ( film ) , a film from 1977 written and directed by Robert Benton Late Show , a 1999 German film by director Helmut Dietl The Late Show ( album ) , a live album by jazz saxophonists Eddie `` Lockjaw '' Davis and Johnny Griffin recorded in 1961 The Late Show ( 1950s TV series ) , a 1957 -- 1959 Australian television variety series", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2d69ff16830bc46948e00584950f287c", "text": "Late Night Late Night is shorthand for several different things : Late night television , generally United States programming airing after 11:30 pm EST Late-night talk show , the most common type of late night television in the United States Late Night ( NBC ) , a long-running American late night television franchise Late Night with David Letterman ( 1982 -- 93 ) Late Night with Conan O'Brien ( 1993 -- 2009 ) Late Night with Jimmy Fallon ( 2009 -- 14 ) Late Night with Seth Meyers ( 2014 -- present ) Late Nite is the name of a 1989 solo album by American guitarist Neal Schon `` Late Night '' is a song by Syd Barrett , the final track on his album The Madcap Laughs The Sims 3 : Late Night is an expansion pack for The Sims 3 Late night anime", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4621d0953097b10281877f7a9f0d03a3", "text": "Canned Film Festival The Canned Film Festival is a comedy-based motion picture television series that was nationally syndicated during the late night hours in the United States for a single season in the summer of 1986 . With only a one-letter difference in the spelling , the name is an intentional play on the name for the Cannes Film Festival , the annual world-renowned film-screening celebration in Cannes , France . Not to be confused with the latter , the Canned Film Festival featured B movies as the centerpiece for each television episode , and was composed of short vignettes interwoven throughout the films . Boasting the tagline `` late night with the best of the worst '' , the series was promoted and sponsored by the Dr Pepper Company , whose then-tagline `` out-of-the-ordinary '' echoed the show 's collection of odd and strange movies . The series was created by Young & Rubicam , developed for television by Chelsea Communications , and distributed by LBS Communications . Although similar in style to the successful Mystery Science Theater 3000 series that aired a few years later , the Canned Film Festival differed in that its comedy scenes occurred strictly during the commercial intermissions instead of adding peanut gallery type satire during the actual run of the movies . In addition , the script , although comedic in nature , often reflected upon the serious contextual and cultural subjects contained in the featured movies , sometimes providing historical insight into their production . An example is seen during the episode featuring Project Moonbase , where female spaceship commanders were discussed as an accurate future prediction by the 1950s era movie , as were cordless telephones and big screen televisions . The featured B movies of the series were not full-length , and edited to fit the show 's approximately two-hour timeframe per episode .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3143c8b549faac8edc6681d3ea3e5357", "text": "Night Court Night Court is an American television situation comedy that aired on NBC from January 4 , 1984 , to May 31 , 1992 . The setting was the night shift of a Manhattan municipal court , Criminal Court Part 2 , presided over by a young , unorthodox judge , Harold T. `` Harry '' Stone ( played by Harry Anderson ) . The series was created by comedy writer Reinhold Weege , who had previously worked on Barney Miller in the 1970s and early 1980s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be550792cc6f492a24f6d7f1d2ba498c", "text": "Friday Night Lights (season 3) The third season of the American serial drama television series Friday Night Lights began airing in the United States and Canada on October 1 , 2008 . It was the first season to be aired on DirecTV 's The 101 Network . The 13-episode season concluded on The 101 Network on January 14 , 2009 and then began its run on NBC two nights later , on January 16 , 2009 , and concluded its NBC run on April 10 , 2009 . The show was renewed for two more seasons in March 2009 , with both seasons airing in the same format as season 3 , containing 13 episodes each . The third season was released on DVD in region 1 on May 19 , 2009 . The season continues to focus around the Dillon Panthers and the pressures faced on and off the field . This season also has four main characters leave the show by season 's end .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eb3765ba0eb789d18c5b3c8f5bf48e54", "text": "NIGHT (magazine) NIGHT is an art/fashion/music / literature/nightlife periodical co-edited by Anton Perich and Robert Henry Rubin . Established in Manhattan , New York , in 1978 the magazine was created during the punk-new wave-disco nightclub era of among others ; Studio 54 , Xenon , Club A , Regine 's , The Continental , Hurrah 's , Danceteria , and the Mudd Club . Today the magazine continues to focus on the beautiful , the exclusive , the intelligent and the controversial . Among the contributors have been ; Charles Plymell , Helmut Newton . Taylor Mead , Victor Bockris , Lee Klein , Charles Henri Ford and countless others . At the dawn of her writing career Sex in the City author Candace Bushnell wrote for NIGHT , stating ... '' `` I wrote for this paper called Night Magazine , which was mainly just a bunch of pictures of people at Studio 54 . I would do little interviews and profiles . '' ...", "title": "" }, { "docid": "25ca1c20d4c110b3fbfdd886f6a0bf0c", "text": "List of Saturday Night Live episodes Saturday Night Live ( SNL ) is a late-night sketch comedy and variety show created by Lorne Michaels . It premiered on NBC , a terrestrial television network , on October 11 , 1975 under the title NBC 's Saturday Night . The show often satirizes contemporary American popular culture and politics . Saturday Night Live features a two-tiered cast : the repertory members , also known as the `` Not Ready for Prime-Time Players , '' and newer cast members , known as `` Featured Players . '' Each week , the show features a host , often a well-known celebrity , who delivers an opening monologue and performs in sketches with the cast . A musical guest is also invited to perform several sets ( usually two , and occasionally more ) . Every so often a host or musical guest will fill both roles , such as was the case with Britney Spears in 2000 and 2002 , Jennifer Lopez in 2001 and 2010 , Justin Timberlake in 2003 , 2006 and 2013 , Taylor Swift in 2009 , Bruno Mars in 2012 , Lady Gaga in 2013 , Miley Cyrus in 2013 and 2015 , Drake in 2014 and 2016 , Blake Shelton in 2015 , and Ariana Grande in 2016 . With the exception of Season 7 and several other rare cases , the show has begun with a cold open that ends with someone breaking character and proclaiming `` Live from New York , it 's Saturday Night ! '' Saturday Night Live is one of the longest running network programs in American television history , with over 800 episodes broadcast over the span of 42 seasons . A number of the show 's sketches have been developed into feature films , including The Blues Brothers , Wayne 's World , A Night at the Roxbury , Superstar , Coneheads , and MacGruber . Seasons 1 through 5 are available on DVD in Region 1 . Various Saturday Night Live sketches are available in several new media formats , including streaming on Hulu and Netflix . Selected sketches and segments are also available for purchase at the iTunes Store to download and playback on home computers and certain iPod and iPhone models .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e8541267e08cf6e4ae492902069487f2", "text": "The CBS Late Movie The CBS Late Movie is a CBS television series ( later known as CBS Late Night ) during the 1970s and 1980s . The program ran in most American television markets from 11:30 p.m. ( EST ) until 2:30 a.m. or later , on weeknights . A single announcer ( in the early years , CBS staff announcer Norm Stevens ) voiced the introduction and commercial bumpers for each program , but there was no host per se , or closing credits besides those of the night 's presentation . ( The bumpers announcing the stars of the movie notably rotated names , two or three at a time , so more of the players would be mentioned . ) The program was launched following the cancellation of The Merv Griffin Show , CBS 's late-night talk show from 1969 to 1972 . The show went on to have a long run in first-run syndication following CBS 's cancellation . The CBS Late Movie theme music was `` So Old , So Young '' by Morton Stevens , which also served as the theme music for CBS 's prime-time movies until 1978 . A memorable aspect to the show 's commercial breaks was the frequent appearance of public service announcements , from the Ad Council and other organizations , that often dealt with `` mature '' topics such as venereal disease , sexual and violent crimes , and abuse of hard drugs . Announcements also ran in much greater proportion than during prime time , with commercial breaks lasting longer ; it was not uncommon for the second portion of the show to start at 12:05 AM or 12:40 AM . The CBS Late Night block , however , was not always cleared by every affiliate of the network ; in several markets , the block was either delayed by one hour from its regularly-scheduled time ( most notably in the Central and Mountain time zones ) , picked up by a local independent station ( including those that later affiliated with the Fox television network ) , or not seen at all in certain cities . Those stations that did not carry CBS Late Night instead broadcast movies from their own libraries and/or their own lineup of off-network syndicated sitcoms , drama reruns and first-run syndication products . A large factor in the programming decisions of many CBS affiliates electing not to clear CBS Late Night ( or delaying it ) was due to head-to-head competition with NBC 's The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson , and later entering the 1980s , ABC News ' Nightline . It was not until 1993 , when the Late Show with David Letterman debuted , that CBS ' late night programming ( excluding Nightwatch/Up to the Minute ) was cleared across the entire network .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea0c327b7c52ef8af50bcea31d34d27b", "text": "Wednesday Night Live Wednesday Night Live is a TV show starring astouned actor , Devon Smith , who has work wedith Mike Keneally , Steve Vai , and Dethklok . This album was released in 2011 under Onion Boy Records . The DVD version of this album was released in June 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b2d6f2a527c2b34b129dd9d08d440b36", "text": "Nightcap (2016 TV series) Nightcap is an American comedy television series created by and starring Alexandra Wentworth as Staci Cole , the overworked head talent booker on the fictitious fifth highest rated late night talk show , Nightcap with Jimmy . Lauren Blumenfeld , Brendan Clifford , Don Fanelli , Jacob Wallach and Cherie Corinne Rice also star in supporting roles . On January 12 , 2016 , the series was picked up for a ten episode first season . On October 27 , 2016 , the series was renewed for a second season . The series premiered on November 16 , 2016 , on Pop .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eba0886583f27c9878f64dd7c3112252", "text": "44th Primetime Emmy Awards The 44th Primetime Emmy Awards were held on Sunday , August 30 , 1992 . The ceremony was broadcast on Fox from the Pasadena Civic Auditorium in Pasadena , California . It was hosted by Tim Allen , Kirstie Alley and Dennis Miller , and directed by Walter C. Miller . Presenters included Roseanne Barr , Tom Arnold , Scott Bakula , Candice Bergen , Corbin Bernsen , Beau Bridges , Lloyd Bridges , and Cindy Crawford . The program was written by Buddy Sheffield and Bruce Vilanch . Over 300 million people watched the ceremony in 30 countries . A rule change , instituted for this year only , stated that regular and guest performers would compete in the same category . There could be lead guest or supporting guest . On the comedy side , Murphy Brown won Outstanding Comedy Series for the second time , winning three major awards on the night , the most for a comedy series . On the drama side , L.A. Laws strangle hold on Outstanding Drama Series came to an end , as Northern Exposure took home the award . Northern Exposure also won three major awards and received nine major nominations , which tied for the most in each category . For the first time in its run , The Golden Girls , then in its seventh and final season , was not nominated for Outstanding Comedy Series . After being on the air for thirty years , The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson finally heard its name called when its final season won for Outstanding Variety , Music , or Comedy Program . The show was first nominated for the category in 1964 and was 0/13 before this ceremony .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c28f5cc3fe72f5714f6aa8a2524aec00", "text": "Tonight's the Night (TV series) Tonight 's the Night is a BBC Saturday night entertainment television programme which started on BBC One since 18 April 2009 . It is presented by actor and singer John Barrowman .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e8ab3d21174c08738d029c05a62a9ff0", "text": "Night Shift (Hong Kong TV series) Night Shift , is an 2015 crime thriller television series produced by Hong Kong Television Network . The entire series was filmed at night .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8086f4d3e3ead73b56bbe161648d8d3d", "text": "Saturday Night (2010 film) Saturday Night is a 2010 documentary directed by James Franco . The film examines the production process of the NBC late-night live television sketch comedy series Saturday Night Live . Shot over a period of six days from December 1 -- 6 , 2008 , the film was originally a school assignment for Franco at New York University . The film premiered at the 2010 South by Southwest Film Festival on March 14 , 2010 , but was shelved for several years due to legal matters regarding its distributor and NBC . It was released on September 26 , 2014 on Hulu .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b7e4dfad5dd87a46c0d6c5ccb5802391", "text": "Night of the Demon Night of the Demon is a 1957 British horror film directed by Jacques Tourneur , starring Dana Andrews , Peggy Cummins and Niall MacGinnis . An adaptation of the M. R. James story `` Casting the Runes '' ( 1911 ) , the plot revolves around an American psychologist investigating a satanic cult suspected of more than one murder . The film 's production was turbulent due to artistic differences between producer Hal E. Chester on one side and Tourneur and writer Charles Bennett on the other . Although the original plan was not to show a literal demon , producer Chester inserted a monster over the objections of the writer , the director , and lead actor Dana Andrews . To accelerate the pace , the film was trimmed down to 83 minutes ( and retitled Curse of the Demon ) in the US where it played the second half of a double feature bill with both The True Story of Lynn Stuart and The Revenge of Frankenstein ( 1958 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b9cda54b08c8a5ed6a1c2e6c43f2c60b", "text": "Talkshow with Spike Feresten Talkshow with Spike Feresten is an American late-night talk show television program on Fox starring Spike Feresten that aired from September 16 , 2006 to May 16 , 2009 . It was the longest-running late night talk show in Fox 's history , with three seasons . Unlike most late-night talk shows in the United States , it only aired on Saturday nights .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fbc8bf81f27171c034bdfe3b7a72d18a", "text": "History of Saturday Night Live (1995–2000) Saturday Night Live is an American sketch comedy series created and produced by Lorne Michaels for most of the show 's run . The show has aired on NBC since 1975 . After a disastrous 1994 -- 95 season featuring a mix of old and new characters , Michaels decided to once again revamp the cast , keeping only five cast members and hiring six . The 1995 -- 96 season once again saved the show from cancellation , introducing a new era of Saturday Night Live characters and sketches that were highly popular with audiences . This cast stayed mostly stable until the 1998 -- 99 season , which added cast members such as Jimmy Fallon and Horatio Sanz . These two would pave the way for the next era of Saturday Night Live in the early 2000s .", "title": "" } ]
fever
486941938ab64b4df8a2f6ae5bb01bae
Prince created the album Purple Rain.
[ { "docid": "00157046f026a2ec5a73ff049c2da298", "text": "Prince (musician) Prince Rogers Nelson ( June 7 , 1958 -- April 21 , 2016 ) was an American singer-songwriter , actor , multi-instrumentalist , philanthropist , dancer and record producer . He was a musical innovator who was known for his eclectic work , flamboyant stage presence , extravagant dress and makeup , and wide vocal range . His music integrates a wide variety of styles , including funk , rock , R&B , new wave , soul , psychedelia , and pop . He has sold over 100 million records worldwide , making him one of the best-selling artists of all time . He won seven Grammy Awards , an American Music Award , a Golden Globe Award , and an Academy Award for the film Purple Rain . He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2004 , his first year of eligibility . Rolling Stone ranked Prince at number 27 on its list of 100 Greatest Artists , `` the most influential artists of the rock & roll era '' . Prince was born in Minneapolis , Minnesota , and developed an interest in music as a young child . He signed a recording contract with Warner Bros. at the age of 18 , and released his debut album For You in 1978 . His 1979 album Prince went platinum , and his next three records -- Dirty Mind ( 1980 ) , Controversy ( 1981 ) , and 1999 ( 1982 ) -- continued his success , showcasing Prince 's prominently sexual lyrics and blending of funk , dance , and rock music . In 1984 , he began referring to his backup band as the Revolution and released Purple Rain , the soundtrack album to his eponymous 1984 film debut . It quickly became his most critically and commercially successful release , spending 24 consecutive weeks atop the Billboard 200 and selling over 20 million units worldwide . After releasing the albums Around the World in a Day ( 1985 ) and Parade ( 1986 ) , The Revolution disbanded , and Prince released the double album Sign o ' the Times ( 1987 ) as a solo artist . He released three more solo albums before debuting the New Power Generation band in 1991 . In 1993 , while in a contractual dispute with Warner Bros. , he changed his stage name to , an unpronounceable symbol also known as the `` Love Symbol '' , and began releasing new albums at a faster pace to remove himself from contractual obligations . He released five records between 1994 and 1996 before signing with Arista Records in 1998 . In 2000 , he began referring to himself as `` Prince '' again . He released 16 albums after that , including the platinum-selling Musicology ( 2004 ) . His final album , Hit n Run Phase Two , was first released on the Tidal streaming service on December 12 , 2015 . Prince died from a fentanyl overdose at his Paisley Park recording studio and home in Chanhassen , Minnesota , on April 21 , 2016 , at the age of 57 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da9aa55466356f5a98bfd1ccca786049", "text": "Purple Rain (album) Purple Rain is the sixth studio album by American recording artist Prince , the first to feature his backing band The Revolution , and is the soundtrack album to the 1984 film of the same name . It was released on June 25 , 1984 by Warner Bros. . Records . To date , it has sold over 25 million copies worldwide , making it the sixth-best-selling soundtrack album of all time . Purple Rain is regularly ranked among the best albums in music history , and is widely regarded as Prince 's magnum opus . Time magazine ranked it the 15th greatest album of all time in 1993 , and it placed 18th on VH1 's Greatest Rock and Roll Albums of All Time countdown . Rolling Stone ranked it the second-best album of the 1980s and 76th on their list of the `` 500 Greatest Albums of All Time '' . The first two singles from Purple Rain , `` When Doves Cry '' and `` Let 's Go Crazy '' , topped the US singles charts , and were hits around the world , while the title track went to number two on the Billboard Hot 100 . The album was certified thirteen-times platinum ( diamond ) by the RIAA . In 2007 , the editors of Vanity Fair labeled it the best soundtrack of all time , and Tempo magazine named it the greatest album of the 1980s . The 1,000 th issue of Entertainment Weekly dated July 4 , 2008 , listed Purple Rain at number one on their list of the top 100 best albums of the past 25 years . In 2013 , the magazine also listed the album at number two on their list of the 100 Greatest Albums ever . In 2012 , Slant Magazine listed the album at # 2 on its list of `` Best Albums of the 1980s '' behind only Michael Jackson 's Thriller . In the same year , the album was added to the Library of Congress 's National Recording Registry list of sound recordings that `` are culturally , historically , or aesthetically important '' .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "ab18d3db7dfc750707339f328eff5ddc", "text": "Born 2 B.R.E.E.D. Born 2 B.R.E.E.D. is a 1993 single by Monie Love . The single was written by Monie Love , Prince , and Levi Seacer Jr. `` Born 2 B.R.E.E.D. '' was Monie Love 's second release from her , In a Word or 2 album . B.R.E.E.D. is an acronym for `` Build Relationships where Education and Enlightenment Dominate '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7c4868509573d8a2b31f8f8553b533ad", "text": "Space (Prince song) `` Space '' is a song by American musician Prince from his 1994 album Come . The B-side of the single is actually the album track . The A-side is the Universal Love Radio Remix of `` Space '' , with completely new lyrics . In the album version of `` Space '' Prince sings about being obsessed with a lover and wanting to take their love higher comparing to the likes of space whereas the Universal Love Remix features a rap from Prince at the end which is lyrically similar to his smash hit `` When Doves Cry '' with a new bridge saying `` All the pain that a human has to go through , in a planet that 's so bitter and cold / Universal love awaits you , baby all you got to say is that you really , really , really wan na go / And we 're outta here '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "17111b6a45c45e627b37339e05e78ac3", "text": "3121 3121 ( pronounced `` thirty-one twenty-one '' ) is the thirty-first studio album by American recording artist Prince . It was released on March 21 , 2006 . 3121 was released by NPG Records and distributed , under a `` 1-Album Deal '' , by Universal Music .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2ca5e2b33ac97ada6e714b68d8436a6d", "text": "Come On (The New Power Generation song) `` Come On '' is a song and the only single released from The New Power Generation 's 1998 album Newpower Soul . Although attributed to The New Power Generation , the song prominently features Prince , as do all songs from the album . The maxi single included several remixes of the song and an exclusive disc sold only through Prince 's 1-800-NEW-FUNK store also included a remix of Newpower Soul 's `` The One '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "752f24bfbd93eeb5ee011f01520f4ba3", "text": "I Wish U Heaven `` I Wish U Heaven '' is a song by Prince , and the third single from his 1988 album , Lovesexy . It is a joyful , spiritual song with few lyrics , which runs 2:43 . The 12 '' single is a substantially extended three-part suite which runs over ten minutes . This song was a replacement for `` The Line '' , an upbeat jam featuring Sheila E. on backing vocals . * Part One of the mix starts with a stripped-down version of the Lovesexy album song , remixed with a dance beat . The original drum programming and rhythmic electric guitar riffs are deleted for much of the song . Part Two is a gospel rendition with new lyrics , continuing the spiritual theme . This part of the song was often sung in concert during the Lovesexy World Tour . The beginning of this section paraphrases lyrics from `` Housequake '' , from the previous album Sign '' ☮ '' the Times . Prince also quotes the film Scarface with the lines `` Say hello to my little friend ... '' and then introduces the `` Blue Angel '' , a new blue version of his custom `` White Cloud '' guitar featured in the film Purple Rain . Sheila E. is also given a call out , and her voice can be heard responding in this section . Part Three is based on an outtake called `` Take This Beat '' and deviates quite a bit from the original theme . This segment has Prince using his `` Jamie Starr '' persona to humorously tout the fact that he 's funky , musically talented , and has plenty of beats ( songs ) that are `` so fine '' . The song ends with a looped repeat of the title . This version of the song became one of the highlights during the supporting tour in which Prince would usually order the house lights to be turned up , and instruct the crowd during a call and response segment . The B-side , `` Scarlet Pussy '' , is credited to Prince 's alter ego , Camille . The song is very sexual , using metaphors of cats and dogs for sexual organs , a theme Prince previously used for the B-side `` La , La , La , He , He , Hee '' . Prince uses his sped-up Camille vocals , as well as a slowed-down vocal , similar to `` Bob George '' from The Black Album . The song features a saxophone solo from Eric Leeds . The decision to include such a raunchy song with the spiritual A-side was noteworthy . The edit of `` Scarlet Pussy '' was included on 1993 's The Hits/The B-Sides .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "43e4e4994f214c2e401883d1f0096e65", "text": "Prince of Darkness (Alice Cooper album) Prince of Darkness is a compilation album by Alice Cooper released in 1989 . There is no new material released on the album ; however the live version of `` Billion Dollar Babies '' ( Live ) was only released as the B-Side to the RCA single of `` He 's Back ( The Man Behind the Mask ) '' thus making this CD it 's only official digital release .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ef898dc2ca89ecce0259e7595e4eeb45", "text": "The Song of the Heart `` The Song of the Heart '' is a song written and performed by Prince especially for the 2006 film Happy Feet . The song came about when Prince was approached to allow his music to be covered for the film . Prince initially refused , but was so impressed by the film that he not only gave his permission , but offered to write a new song for the film . It is also the only song on the soundtrack specifically written for this film . `` The Song of the Heart '' is the first single released from the soundtrack and won the 2007 Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song at the 64th Golden Globes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a7fb89c4a3807797cbef73522b65623", "text": "Lovesexy Tour The Lovesexy Tour was a tour by American recording artist-musician Prince in 1988 -- 1989 in support of his platinum album , Lovesexy . The tour was his last outing in the 1980s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "49e6183083dda6dbb8552eaf7ebe65a4", "text": "24 Years of Hunger 24 Years of Hunger is a pop music album released in 1991 by & Alice , the collaboration of Eg White and Alice Temple . 24 Years of Hunger was critically acclaimed , although it failed to chart . It is the only album that the duo ever released . Allmusic describes 24 Years of Hunger as `` one of the finest , most refined and fully realized recordings of the era , employing a much more sophisticated and romantic style than anything else out of England at the time '' . Allmusic also notes the accolades that 24 Years of Hunger album received from other music critics : `` Recorded by the pair when they were mere twentysomethings , and predominantly in Eg White 's home , it is nevertheless about as grown-up and elegant as pop music gets . A decade after the recording had all but vanished from circulation , rainsound.net had taken to calling it `` one of the classic albums of the '90s , '' while Q Magazine went a step further when it placed the record on its list of best albums of the 20th century , describing it as having `` the class of Steely Dan and the intriguing detachment of the Blue Nile . '' '' Martin Rowsell , in The Rough Guide to Rock , notes that while reviewers compared the album to Prefab Sprout and Prince , and Alice cited their own musical influences as John Lennon , Traveling Wilburys , Joe Jackson , Joni Mitchell and Curtis Mayfield . Noting the huge discrepancy between the album 's critical and commercial success , Rowsell speculates that White 's songwriting may have been too personal for mainstream acceptance at the time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f17593e0e44bc6b48f05c873a57cc861", "text": "Prince & Princess `` Prince & Princess '' is the third single from Versailles , released on December 10 , 2008 . The single was released in six different versions ; five with a different member on the cover and one regular edition with the whole group on the cover plus the bonus track `` Silent Knight '' . This version of `` Prince '' is slightly different from the one that was first distributed free of charge on the band 's website and then added to the October 22 reissue of their first album , Noble . `` Princess '' is featured on the band 's second album Jubilee , albeit as the re-recording `` Princess - Revival of Church - '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "863cbfe289e591537a706effc5f86c78", "text": "3 Chains o' Gold 3 Chains o ' Gold is a 1994 direct-to-video film produced and directed by Prince and starring Prince and The New Power Generation . It is a collection of videos for songs from Love Symbol , tied together with a loose plotline . The film was the 69th best-selling video of 1994 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d5b262bb1b751b538692889ecc06e64d", "text": "Purple Medley `` Purple Medley '' is a song by American musician Prince from 1995 . There is no album accompanying the single . The track is a mix of many hits and well-known songs from Prince 's career . Some of the pieces of music are samples , while others are re-recorded for the mix . Some of the additional instrumentation is credited to The New Power Generation . The `` Purple Medley '' consists of snippets from the songs : `` Batdance '' , `` When Doves Cry '' , `` Kiss '' , `` Erotic City '' , `` Darling Nikki '' , `` 1999 '' , `` Baby I 'm a Star '' , `` Diamonds and Pearls '' , `` Purple Rain '' and `` Let 's Go Crazy '' and fades for the edit . The full version continues with `` Sexy Dancer '' , `` Let 's Work '' , `` Irresistible Bitch '' ( with the music of `` Sexy MF '' ) , `` I Wan na Be Your Lover '' , `` Alphabet St. '' , `` Thieves in the Temple '' , the bassline to The Time 's `` 777-9311 '' , Sheila E. 's `` A Love Bizarre '' , `` If I Was Your Girlfriend '' , `` Raspberry Beret '' , `` Little Red Corvette '' , `` Cream '' and `` Peach '' . The CD single release includes both the full version of the medley ( which clocks in at 11 minutes ) and the edited version , which is 3:14 in length , and omits about half of the tracks present in the full version . Despite , in essence , being a megamix of Prince 's biggest hits ( barring `` The Most Beautiful Girl in the World '' ) , the B-side of the single is `` Kirk J 's B-Sides Remix '' which consists of additional Prince hits remixed ( oddly , only one was an actual B-side ) . This track appears to have little additional input from Prince , but is rather a compilation of remixes made by band member Kirk Johnson . The compilation includes bits of `` Pop Life '' , `` When Doves Cry '' , `` Shockadelica '' , `` Head '' and `` The Continental '' . The remix of `` The Continental '' was released in a longer version on the 1998 compilation Crystal Ball as `` Tell Me How U Wan na B Done '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7bfa18d998df5c9d28fbe1e5472236a8", "text": "Money Don't Matter 2 Night `` Money Do n't Matter 2 Night '' is a song by Prince and The New Power Generation from their 1991 album , Diamonds and Pearls . Co-written with Rosie Gaines , the lyrics deal directly with money , poverty , and greed . The vocal delivery is similar to that of `` When Doves Cry '' , but more subtle . Overall , the song is a smooth delivery with layered vocals by Prince . While the distorted vocals on the song were unintentional , engineer Michael Koppelman liked the effect and it is assumed that Prince did as well , since his performance was never replaced with a non-distorted take . The B-side is a previously unreleased track `` Call the Law '' , with lead vocals by Tony M. , supplemented by Rosie Gaines on the chorus . Prince provides guitar solos throughout the song . The track was added to the New Power Generation release Goldnigga in 1993 . The UK 12 '' single and CD release also included the album track `` Push '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7b967d9fb6c50dd26ff93b0bbcaffe26", "text": "Purple (album) Purple is the second studio album by the American rock band Stone Temple Pilots , released on June 7 , 1994 by Atlantic Records . The album , building off the foundations laid by the band 's debut album Core , was a huge success for the band , debuting at # 1 on the Billboard 200 chart and remaining there for three weeks , eventually selling over six million copies . It spawned a number of successful singles -- `` Vasoline '' and `` Interstate Love Song '' both topped the Mainstream Rock Tracks chart and hit number 2 on the Modern Rock Tracks chart , while `` Big Empty '' also cracked the top ten on both charts . Lesser known album cuts `` Pretty Penny '' and `` Unglued '' were also released as promotional radio singles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6676532b394db73bcffe0f6d5c926175", "text": "Still the Same... Great Rock Classics of Our Time Still the Same ... Great Rock Classics of Our Time is an album by Rod Stewart , released on 10 October 2006 . After four years singing pop standards from the Great American Songbook with great success , this album continues the notion of singing old material , but now in his classic musical genre -- rock . The album is produced by Clive Davis and John Shanks ( the former also produced the American Songbook albums ) and includes rock milestones from the last four decades , including `` It 's a Heartache '' , `` Day After Day '' and Creedence Clearwater Revival 's classic `` Have You Ever Seen the Rain ? '' , which was picked as the first single from the album . The album debuted # 1 on the Billboard 200 albums chart with 184,000 copies sold , making it his fifth Top 5 and second # 1 debut in three years . Stewart said he was `` extremely happy '' with the accomplishment . The album also reached # 1 on the New Zealand RIANZ Album Charts and was certified 2x Platinum for sales of 30,000 copies before falling off the chart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1ca90d356ecf91241fb3a5dcb32511a5", "text": "Planet P Project Planet P Project is a pseudonym used by American rock musician Tony Carey for his science-fiction themed , progressive rock/space rock music . Carey has released six albums under the Planet P Project name : Planet P ( 1983 , later retitled Planet P Project ) , Pink World ( 1984 ) , Go Out Dancing , Part I ( 1931 ) ( 2005 ) , Go Out Dancing , Part II ( Levittown ) ( 2008 ) , Go Out Dancing , Part III ( Out in the Rain ) ( 2009 ) and Steeltown ( 2013 ) . Music videos for singles from the first albums received heavy to moderate airplay on MTV , when originally released . Pink World was originally a two-record set , released on bright-pink-colored vinyl . Planet P 's most well known singles were `` Why Me ? '' ( a sweeping , energetic romp about outer space and isolation ) , and the downbeat `` Static '' . Go Out Dancing , Part I ( 1931 ) is the first of the trilogy , with part two titled Go Out Dancing , Part II ( Levittown ) and part three as Go Out Dancing , Part III ( Out in the Rain ) . The project 's name was inspired from the fictional `` Planet P '' in Robert A. Heinlein 's book Starship Troopers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "03a892bb9ab3153d469a9210c4677694", "text": "Dream Factory (album) Dream Factory was an unreleased double LP project recorded by Prince and The Revolution from 1986 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d54420e0943b7c2a94fb7c7a3beeaa7", "text": "Nobody's Perfect (Deep Purple album) Nobody 's Perfect is a live album released in 1988 by the British rock band Deep Purple . It was recorded during the tour in support of The House of Blue Light in 1987 in Europe and the US . The outer sleeve photography was designed by Aubrey Powell of Hipgnosis . Track transitions are marked by fades . It also contains a new live in studio version of `` Hush '' to commemorate their 20th anniversary . `` Black Night '' was also re-recorded but never released . `` Hard Lovin ' Woman '' includes parts of `` Under the Gun '' during Blackmore 's guitar solo . `` Strange Kind of Woman '' includes the `` Superstar '' chorus from Jesus Christ Superstar . `` Woman from Tokyo '' changes into `` Everyday '' by Buddy Holly halfway through . The album represented Deep Purple 's setlist at the time , which consisted much of the typical Made in Japan set , combined with newer material from the 1984 reunion album Perfect Strangers and The House of Blue Light . Songs such as `` The Unwritten Law '' and `` Difficult to Cure '' ( which included an extended-riff from Beethoven 's Ninth Symphony , 4th Movement ) were played every night on the tour , but were not included on this album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "01a83a65f6abbfd8999ee4901f6ecda9", "text": "Rainy Day (band) Rainy Day was an all-star Paisley Underground band composed of members from other Paisley Underground bands , including Dream Syndicate , The Three O'Clock , Rain Parade and The Bangles . They began collaborating after meeting at a barbecue held by Green On Red . Rainy Day recorded and released their eponymous , lone compilation album in 1984 . It pays tribute to the various psychedelic and folksy rock acts that paved the way for the starting point of their own bands by covering songs , including those by Bob Dylan , The Beach Boys , Buffalo Springfield , Big Star , Velvet Underground , The Who and Jimi Hendrix .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9c70c6a17a8a6a46e7e31dc89eda0024", "text": "Gotta Stop (Messin' About) `` Got ta Stop ( Messin ' About ) '' was the follow-up single in the UK to support Prince 's third album , Dirty Mind . The single was not an album track , though it was written at the same time , and possessed a similar sound . `` Got ta Stop Messin ' About '' b/w `` Horny Toad '' marked the first time Prince released non-album tracks , which , especially as B-sides , would become a prominent part of his career . The song is keyboard dominated , and the lyrics speak of a woman who 's constantly `` messin ' about '' with other men . The song contains familiar Prince themes of sexual frustration , masturbation and sexual metaphors . The track consists of two verses and multiple repeats of the chorus . It was played live on the Dirty Mind Tour with an extended instrumental section at the end . `` Got ta Stop ( Messin ' About ) '' was released in the UK as two separate 7 '' singles , one with the Dirty Mind track `` Uptown '' as a B-side , and the other with `` I Wan na Be Your Lover '' , from Prince . Each single also had an accompanying 12 '' single , both with the same tracks as the 7 '' and both including the song `` Head '' , from Dirty Mind . Despite an extensive advertising campaign and promotion , and coinciding with Prince 's first UK gig , neither issue of the single charted . The track would later be released in the U.S. as the B-side of the 12 '' single for `` Let 's Work '' , and become a highly sought-after collector 's item . `` Got ta Stop ( Messin ' About ) '' was also later released on The Hits/The B-Sides and Prince 4Ever .", "title": "" } ]
fever
87a56144cfc8f04e644bd69e66678e2c
Gift of the Night Fury stars the voice of a comedian.
[ { "docid": "1b830dc799a301180d4d9de6e33fd810", "text": "Kristen Wiig Kristen Carroll Wiig ( -LSB- ˈwɪɡ -RSB- born August 22 , 1973 ) is an American actress , comedian , writer , and producer . She is known for her work on the NBC sketch comedy series Saturday Night Live ( 2005 -- 12 ) , and such films as Bridesmaids , The Martian , and Ghostbusters . Wiig was born in Canandaigua , New York , and raised in Lancaster , Pennsylvania , and Rochester , New York . Wiig attended the University of Arizona , where she majored in Fine Art . She later relocated to Los Angeles , where she broke into comedy as a member of the improvisational comedy troupe The Groundlings and made her television debut in 2003 . Wiig joined the cast of Saturday Night Live in 2005 and the following year she co-starred in the Christmas comedy film Unaccompanied Minors . After appearing in a series of supporting roles in comedy films such as Adventureland , Whip It , and Paul , she starred in and co-wrote the screenplay for Bridesmaids , which was both critically and commercially successful . Wiig received seven consecutive Emmy Awards nominations and has been nominated for an Annie Award for Voice Acting in a Feature Production for her work on Despicable Me 2 . In 2012 , Bridesmaids earned her a Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Actress -- Musical or Comedy , as well as nominations for the Academy Award and BAFTA for Best Original Screenplay and a SAG Award nomination for Outstanding Performance by a Cast . She was also nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Miniseries or a Movie for her role as Cynthia Morehouse in the miniseries The Spoils of Babylon .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "20adbb81aa9fff3341e8a56b996690da", "text": "Jonah Hill Jonah Hill Feldstein ( born December 20 , 1983 ) , better known as Jonah Hill , is an American actor , producer , screenwriter and comedian . Hill is known for his comedic roles in films such as Accepted ( 2006 ) , Grandma 's Boy ( 2006 ) , Superbad ( 2007 ) , Knocked Up ( 2007 ) , Forgetting Sarah Marshall ( 2008 ) , Get Him to the Greek ( 2010 ) , 21 Jump Street ( 2012 ) , This Is the End ( 2013 ) , 22 Jump Street ( 2014 ) and War Dogs ( 2016 ) , as well as his performances in Moneyball ( 2011 ) and The Wolf of Wall Street ( 2013 ) , for which he received Academy Award nominations for Best Supporting Actor . Hill ranked 28th on Forbes magazine 's ranking of world 's highest paid actors from June 2014 to June 2015 , bringing in $ 16million . As a screenwriter , he contributed to the stories of 21 Jump Street , 22 Jump Street and Sausage Party ( 2016 ) , all of which he also starred in .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad18a7f50a5ec695dd0ceabca059f0a8", "text": "Craig Ferguson Craig Ferguson ( born 17 May 1962 ) is a Scottish-American television host , comedian , and actor . He is the host of both the syndicated game show Celebrity Name Game ( 2014 -- 2017 ) , for which he has won two Daytime Emmy Awards , and of Join or Die with Craig Ferguson ( 2016 -- ) on History . He was also the host of the CBS late-night talk show The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson ( 2005 -- 2014 ) . After starting his career in Britain with music , comedy and theatre , Ferguson moved to the United States where he found success in the role of Nigel Wick on the ABC sitcom The Drew Carey Show ( 1996 -- 2004 ) . He has written and starred in three films , directing one of them , and has appeared in several others , including several voice-over roles for animations . Ferguson has also written two books : Between the Bridge and the River , a novel , and American on Purpose , a memoir . He was naturalised as a United States citizen in 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3eeeb103b9bae526dc5ad01da368ac1", "text": "Gift of the Night Fury Gift of the Night Fury is a 2011 computer-animated short film by DreamWorks Animation and directed by Tom Owens . It was released on November 15 , 2011 , on DVD and Blu-ray , along with another original animated short film Book of Dragons . Based on How to Train Your Dragon , the short takes place in the middle of preparing for the Viking winter holiday . After all dragons inexplicably fly away , the last one of them unwittingly kidnaps Hiccup . The film stars the voices of Jay Baruchel , Gerard Butler , Craig Ferguson , America Ferrera , Jonah Hill , T.J. Miller , Kristen Wiig , and Christopher Mintz-Plasse .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8b3570bdcdec35694ca7ed3d04b72358", "text": "Christopher Mintz-Plasse Christopher Mintz-Plasse ( -LSB- mɪnts_ˈplæs -RSB- born June 20 , 1989 ) is an American actor , comedian and musician who has performed roles such as Fogell ( better known as `` McLovin '' ) in Superbad , Augie Farcques in Role Models , and as Chris D'Amico in Kick-Ass and its sequel Kick-Ass 2 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f34d8bb1cd79cfed2d41d8882452b0b0", "text": "Jay Baruchel Jonathan Adam Saunders `` Jay '' Baruchel ( -LSB- ˈbæruːˌʃɛl -RSB- born April 9 , 1982 ) is a Canadian actor , comedian , screenwriter , director , and producer . He plays Josh Greenberg in the FXX comedy television series Man Seeking Woman and played the lead character in Judd Apatow 's comedy series , Undeclared . He is known for his voice role as Hiccup Horrendous Haddock III in the How to Train Your Dragon franchise , and for his roles in comedy movies such as Knocked Up , Tropic Thunder , Fanboys , She 's Out of My League , Goon , and This Is the End .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eb54395f4f3359dc2e2eea4da3a38d1a", "text": "T. J. Miller Todd Joseph `` T. J. '' Miller ( born June 4 , 1981 ) is an American actor , stand-up comedian , producer , and writer . He currently stars as Erlich Bachman in the HBO sitcom Silicon Valley . Miller has also performed in such films as Cloverfield ( 2008 ) , She 's Out of My League ( 2010 ) , Yogi Bear 3D ( 2010 ) , How to Train Your Dragon ( 2010 ) , How to Train Your Dragon 2 ( 2014 ) , Transformers : Age of Extinction ( 2014 ) , Big Hero 6 ( 2014 ) , Deadpool ( 2016 ) , and Office Christmas Party ( 2016 ) . He hosts `` The Gorburger Show '' , which is currently broadcast on Comedy Central .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "9068d7e9e360403bd15be8490c400310", "text": "Joy Behar Josephine Victoria Behar ( -LSB- ˈbeɪhɑːr -RSB- née Occhiuto ; born October 7 , 1942 ) is an American comedian , writer , and actress . She co-hosts the ABC daytime talk show The View . She hosted The Joy Behar Show on HLN from 2009 to 2011 and Joy Behar : Say Anything ! on Current TV , from 2012 until the channel switched formats in August 2013 . Behar 's new weekly late-night talk show , Late Night Joy , premiered on TLC in November 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3fbd789e748a57dc45512908e44e1e0d", "text": "Ryan O'Quinn Ryan O'Quinn ( born March 6 , 1972 ) is an American television , film and voice actor , author and comedian .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "72404ff53e2032a3d37269a982eae625", "text": "Phil Nichol Phil Nichol is a Canadian comedian , singer-songwriter and actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ed2f9085d7bf7d35e729b12f2b57d372", "text": "Derek Waters Derek Matthew Waters ( born July 30 , 1979 ) is an American actor , comedian , and writer . He is the co-creator and host of the Comedy Central series Drunk History .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "09dae60ee4c8df84b5f7c7d4b4279e2d", "text": "Michael Kent (comedian) Michael Kent ( born January 14 , 1979 ) is an American Comedian and Magician from Columbus , Ohio . He tours internationally , primarily performing a stand-up comedy-style magic show in American Colleges and Universities , cruise ships and on overseas military bases .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4ecc08acba7324dd2495c07aa1d5b685", "text": "Tone Bell Michael Anthony `` Tone '' Bell , II . ( born August 10 , 1983 ) is an American stand-up comedian and actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da10ac6a125739049f138d9306583b5e", "text": "Carlos Knight Carlos Knight ( born September 22 , 1993 ) is an American actor and comedian . He co-starred as Owen Reynolds in Supah Ninjas and as Diesel ( his character from Fred 2 : Night of the Living Fred and also Fred 3 : Camp Fred ) in Fred : The Show .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bda5d5f0d7a4ba78e0d0041a596dd4cb", "text": "Jim Florentine James `` Jim '' Florentine is an American stand-up comedian , actor , and television personality . He is best known for co-hosting That Metal Show on VH1 Classic , as well as voicing several characters on Crank Yankers including Special Ed and Bobby Fletcher . He hosts a popular podcast called Comedy Metal Midgets since 2011 and has a radio show on Ozzys Boneyard channel on Sirius/XM . To date he has released 6 stand-up CDs , 2 comedy specials , 6 prank call CDs called Terrorizing Telemarketers ' and 3 hidden camera DVDs called Meet The Creeps '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "24fde163931dad61927643e071c359b5", "text": "Jeff Garlin Jeffrey Todd `` Jeff '' Garlin ( born June 5 , 1962 ) is an American comedian , actor , producer , voice artist , director , writer , podcast host and author . He has acted in many television shows and some movies , is an expert in magic , and is known for his role as Jeff Greene on the HBO show Curb Your Enthusiasm , for which he was nominated for seven Emmys in his role as Executive Producer and two wins for Producing from the PGAs . He currently stars in the ABC sitcom The Goldbergs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d740e6daa567735a548b9b2b46766db1", "text": "Duncan Trussell Charles Duncan Trussell ( born April 20 , 1974 ) is an American actor and stand-up comic , known for his podcast The Duncan Trussell Family Hour and his appearances on The Joe Rogan Experience podcast and Joe Rogan Questions Everything .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e1e58d1e834694d951fe29c58484bdfe", "text": "DeStorm Power DeStorm Power ( -LSB- ˈdeɪstɔːrm -RSB- ; born January 30 , 1982 ) is an American YouTube personality , musician , viner and comedian . His channel , DeStorm Power , has over 1.8 million subscribers and over 250 million views .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fecefa50ba8d99dc40007f131996a547", "text": "Neil Cole Neil Cole ( born 1 March 1972 ) is an English television presenter , comedian , radio broadcaster and actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e194dc3ad72f49d45b9ff38791b86066", "text": "Shelby Fero Shelby Ann Fero ( born October 27 , 1993 ) is an Emmy Award winning American writer and comedian .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ffc2be6e0711e26e5034650e7c79ea1", "text": "Wayne Brady Wayne Alphonso Brady ( born June 2 , 1972 ) is an American actor , singer , comedian , and television personality , known for his work as a regular on the American version of the improvisational comedy television series Whose Line Is It Anyway ? He was the host of the daytime talk show The Wayne Brady Show , the original host of Fox 's Do n't Forget the Lyrics ! , and has hosted Let 's Make a Deal since its 2009 revival . Brady also performed in the Tony Award -- winning musical Kinky Boots on Broadway as Simon and as drag queen Lola from November 2015 to March 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "16d66718d54a9f1f9853c9f3712dd17f", "text": "Brad Loekle Brad Loekle ( born May 18 , 1978 ) is an American comedian . He started performing comedy routines after receiving a degree at the University of the Arts in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , where he majored in acting and music .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "abe696227acc65dd13b5388468380216", "text": "John Henson John Morris Henson ( born July 11 , 1967 ) is an American comedian , talk show host , and actor . He was the co-host of ABC 's Wipeout with John Anderson , a prime-time game show that ran for 7 seasons .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "49359cd95d89b659f38d5a9bc3a5813c", "text": "The Comedian (2016 film) The Comedian is a 2016 American comedy-drama film directed by Taylor Hackford and written by Lewis Friedman , Richard LaGravenese , Art Linson , and Jeff Ross . The film stars Robert De Niro , Leslie Mann , Danny DeVito , Edie Falco , Veronica Ferres , Charles Grodin , Cloris Leachman , Patti LuPone and Harvey Keitel . The film had its world premiere at the AFI Fest on November 11 , 2016 and was released on December 9 , 2016 , by Sony Pictures Classics . The film opened to negative reviews from critics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1b75e1f2b362a6e218ddecea070f9df4", "text": "Ted Alexandro Edward `` Ted '' Alexandro ( born January 26 , 1969 ) is a stand-up comedian from New York City . He has appeared on most late night talk shows and has had his own half-hour specials on Comedy Central .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9655e7f640aa8ff5c4ffadcc3262172f", "text": "Craig Shoemaker Craig Shoemaker ( born November 15 , 1958 ) is an American comedian , writer , and voice actor . He is best known for his baritone-voiced character , The Lovemaster , which he routinely portrays in his comedy act . In 1997 he was named Funniest Male Stand-Up Comic at the American Comedy Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "df042a038c3e5ea7546c3cd7ebbcadfa", "text": "Steve Edge Steve Edge ( born 2 November 1972 ) is an English actor , writer and former stand-up comedian . He is most famous for his work on Starlings , Phoenix Nights , The Cup , The Visit , Peep Show and the satirical magazine show Star Stories .", "title": "" } ]
fever
58b906c0acc19e06e9d4c3add6748fe2
Lightning Point was filmed in 2012.
[ { "docid": "ace1d71f9460a823a978adeb174e5936", "text": "Lightning Point Lightning Point is an Australian television teen drama set in the modern day with fantasy elements . It was filmed on location at the Gold Coast in 2011 . The half-hour series is produced by Jonathan M. Shiff for Network Ten in association with Nickelodeon and German public broadcaster ZDF . It was re-broadcast on Network Ten in Australia on 22 June 2012 , and again on the same network from 5 July 2014 . The series premiered on TeenNick in the United States under its international title of Alien Surf Girls on 29 May 2012 , and aired on Nickelodeon in the United Kingdom from 23 July 2012 also as Alien Surf Girls . It was announced by co-star Jessica Green that the series will not return for a second season .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "f8a11b5f0a4d03548ff542035d04fed8", "text": "Peter Rodger Peter Anthony Rodger ( born 6 April 1965 ) is a British filmmaker and photographer . He is known for his 2009 documentary film Oh My God , as well as his work as a second unit director on The Hunger Games ( 2012 ) . Rodger has won a number of awards , including from the Houston International Film Festival , the Chicago International Film Festival , the Telly Awards , the Mobius Awards , and the US International Film and Video Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ead97e9fcf1b0856eba17204db1f3175", "text": "2012 Stockholm International Film Festival The 23rd Stockholm International Film Festival took place between 7 and 18 November 2012 . American actor Peter Fonda was head of the jury . The Bronze Horse for best picture was won by the Australian/German film Lore , directed by Cate Shortland .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e8d54e01862e813271e0be59baa510ea", "text": "Ta' Qali Ta ' Qali is a village in Malta , a wide open space in the middle of Malta containing the national stadium , Ta ' Qali National Park and a national vegetable market which is locally known as the Pitkalija . Shortly before World War II , the area was used to build a military aerodrome and a station for the Royal Air Force ( RAF ) , called RAF `` Ta Kali '' . RAF Ta Kali was operational throughout the war and continued to be used as an RAF airfield until the mid-1950s . Latterly , U.K.-based squadrons visited Ta Kali as part of their annual proficiency training . Since the departure of the RAF , the location has been transformed into a recreational area . The area is small in scale but considered by some in Malta as an ideal place to go for a picnic and spend weekend afternoons . The National Park also includes an amphitheatre . A number of international concerts were staged at the park , including artists as diverse as Status Quo , Deep Purple , Fish , Iron Maiden , Demis Roussos , Alannah Myles , Bonnie Tyler and many others . International artists such as Riccardo Fogli have also planted their own trees in the Park . The newly built U.S. Embassy stands across from the Ta'Qali National Park . In July , 2011 the embassy relocated to Ta'Qali from Floriana where it stood for nearly fifty years . Ta ' Qali still fulfils part of its former role as an airfield but the only aircraft that take off from the greatly diminished landing strip are scale models , whose owners make part of a club located in Ta ' Qali . Today , many of the military huts and buildings have been converted into workshops where Maltese craftsmen produce their handiwork , and the Ta ' Qali Crafts Village has become an important tourist attraction . There is also the Malta Aviation Museum where one can find different types of aircraft related to Maltese aviation history . Before being converted to a recreational park the airstrip was used in the first car races ever held by the Maltese ; nowadays the Sport Muturi has its off-road tracks where the annual motorsport championship is held . 13 Hours : The Secret Soldiers of Benghazi ( a.k.a. 13 Hours ) is a 2016 American biographical war movie filmed in Malta and Morocco , for which a large film set was built during 2015 in Ta ' Qali . The film follows the Sept 11-12 , 2012 , waves of Islamic militant attacks on that U.S. diplomatic compound in Libya .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cb949a360d6ffbbc076980cfe0af9976", "text": "A Place to Stand (film) A Place to Stand is a 1967 film produced and edited by the Canadian artist and filmmaker Christopher Chapman for the Ontario pavilion at Expo 67 in Montréal , Québec , Canada . For the film , he pioneered the concept of moving panes , of moving images , within the single context of the screen . At times there are 15 separate images moving at once . This technique , which he dubbed `` multi-dynamic image technique '' has since been employed in many films , notably Norman Jewison 's 1968 film The Thomas Crown Affair . Mr. Jewison has credited Mr. Chapman as the creator of the edit style . The technique can also be seen on television in the series 24 . It is said that most of the editing decisions were worked out in an accountant 's spreadsheet book and the pencil edit plan resembled flow charts . Chapman has said that at one point in the editing process he stood there in the room , bits of footage hanging from clips all around him . He felt crushed by the force of his vision and he was a breath away from quitting . Even at the first screening , Chapman was exhausted and unsure but as he left the room , Steve McQueen watching at the back , grabbed Chapman and told him that he was blown away by the film . The 18-minute film used 70mm stock and was projected onto a 66 by 30 foot screen . It contains no dialogue , but only music by a 45-member orchestra and a 15-member choir . Its theme song , `` A Place to Stand , a Place to Grow '' , written by Dolores Claman and Richard Morris , and orchestrated by Jerry Toth , enjoyed great popularity on its own . Commissioned by the Ontario Department of Economics and Development from the Toronto commercial design studio TDF and premiered at the Expo 67 Ontario Pavilion on April 28 , 1967 , it was seen by some two million at Expo 67 itself and later by a further estimated 100 million in North America and Europe in cinema release . It was nominated for an Academy Award in two categories : Best Documentary Short Subject and Best Live Action Short Subject . It won the latter prize , which Chapman accepted on April 10 , 1968 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "677274600452c0625d6a00c08882081b", "text": "2011–12 Louisville Lightning season The 2011 -- 12 Louisville Lightning season was the third season of the Louisville Lightning professional indoor soccer club . The Lightning , an Eastern Division team in the Professional Arena Soccer League , played their home games in the Mockingbird Valley Soccer Club in Louisville , Kentucky . The team was led by general manager Nick Stover and head coach Scott Budnick with associate coach Ted Nichols . On October 28 , 2011 , the Lightning played a pre-season split-squad exhibition match dubbed the `` Kick Cancer Game '' . The team won 11 games and lost 5 during the 2011 -- 12 regular season . They played all 16 of these games against Eastern Division rivals Cincinnati Kings , Detroit Waza , Illinois Piasa , Kansas Magic , and Ohio Vortex . The team qualified for the postseason but lost to the Kansas Magic in the first round of the playoffs . The Louisville Lightning also participated in the 2011 -- 12 United States Open Cup for Arena Soccer . The team defeated Indy Elite FC in the wild card round but lost to the Cincinnati Kings in the Round of 16 , ending their run in the tournament . After this season , the team announced it would skip the 2012 -- 13 PASL season and go dormant . In a March 2013 interview , team owner Ted Nichols said that low attendance at games placed `` somewhat of a financial drain '' on the organization and that the team remains `` in a bit of a hiatus '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bd6e21f02550e053ed4dcaa3f76cecf8", "text": "Dracula 2012 Dracula 2012 ( released in Tamil as Naangam Pirai and in Telugu as Punnami Ratri ) is a 2013 Indian 3-D horror film directed by Vinayan , starring Sudheer Sukumaran , Prabhu , Monal Gajjar , Nassar , Shraddha Das and Thilakan . The film was shot in the Malayalam , Telugu , and Tamil languages simultaneously , with additional scenes and songs featuring Tamil and Telugu actors . The film was dubbed in English for a Western release and later dubbed in Hindi as `` Aur Ek Dracula '' . Portions of the film were shot in Bran Castle in Romania . The cost of the film was 120 million and was originally released on 8 February 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "187a7104aefc5bbbf3792eac922d6170", "text": "Budweiser Gardens Budweiser Gardens is a sports-entertainment centre , in London , Ontario , Canada -- the largest such centre in southwestern Ontario . Until 2012 , it was known as the John Labatt Centre , usually referred to as the `` JLC '' . The John Labatt Centre , which opened on October 11 , 2002 , was named after John Labatt , founder of the Labatt brewery in London . Labatt still has a large brewery in London to the present day , although its head office was moved to Toronto in the early 1990s . The John Labatt Centre 's name was changed to Budweiser Gardens in Fall 2012 , as approved by London City Council on Tuesday , June 26 , 2012 with a vote of 12-3 . The centre was built , in part , to be the new downtown home of London 's Ontario Hockey League team , the London Knights , replacing the 40-year-old London Ice House in the south end of the city , near Highway 401 . Since 2011 , it is home to London 's National Basketball League of Canada team , the London Lightning .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "84b006dcbe140c1f78c368b4543092d3", "text": "Adam Marcus (director) Adam Marcus ( born 1968 ) is an American film director , writer and actor . Marcus was born in Westport , Connecticut and attended Staples High School . He started his career at the age of fifteen , when he co-created the Westport Theatreworks Theatrical Company where he directed and produced over fifty shows in seven years . He then attended New York University where he won the coveted Best Picture Award at the Student Academy Awards in 1990 for his film , '' ... so you like this girl '' . In 1991 , Marcus was called out to Los Angeles by filmmaker Sean S. Cunningham ( the director of the original Friday the 13th ) to work on producing and directing features . That same year , he co-produced Johnny Zombie ( retitled My Boyfriend 's Back ) for Cunningham and Disney Studios . In 1993 , Marcus wrote the story for and directed the ninth film in the Friday the 13th series , Jason Goes to Hell : The Final Friday for New Line . He was 23 at the time and the youngest director ever hired by the studio . The three million dollar feature went on to gross over eighteen million domestically and became one of New Line Video 's largest releases ever . Marcus and his writing partner Debra Sullivan then turned their attention to screenwriting for Paramount ( the adaptation of James Patterson 's Virgin , later titled Cradle and All ) and Fox ( the original Black Autumn ) . In 1995 , Marcus created the theater company Damn Skippy Theatreworks in L.A. . In the Summer and Fall of 1998 Marcus directed the independently financed feature film comedy , Let It Snow ( aka Snow Days ) . The picture marked the return of Bernadette Peters in a feature film after an eight-year absence from film work . The film screened at the Independent Feature Film Market ( IFFM ) in New York City where it was singled out as the most successful film at the market by Variety , Time Out IndieWire . Let It Snow had its world premiere at the American Film Institute 's Los Angeles International Film Festival ( AFI 's LAIFF ) in competition in the New Visions Category ; the film won awards at the festival for Best New Writer and Best Editing . The film then went on to be an official selection of Sundance 2000 in the American Spectrum section where it was given two extra screenings and sold out all seven of its showings . Then came the New York/Avignon film festival and the Deauville festival in France , where the film received critical acclaim . Let It Snow received positive reviews from Variety , The Hollywood Reporter , Ai n't It Cool News , The New York Times , and The Gore Score as well as a number of other publications worldwide . Marcus then turned to television , where he sold several series to Bright/Kauffman/Crane Productions , Imagine Television , NBC , Fox and The WB . In 2008 , Marcus directed the feature film Conspiracy for Sony Pictures , which he co-wrote with Debra Sullivan . The film was shot in Santa Fe , New Mexico with Val Kilmer , Jennifer Esposito and Gary Cole . Marcus completed the pilot presentation Fitz and Slade and is currently co-writing , directing and serving as executive producer on the web series Connected . In 2013 Marcus co-wrote the reboot of The Texas Chainsaw Massacre series , Texas Chainsaw 3D with partner Sullivan and Stephen Susco , which was the first number-one box office film in North America of the year . He co-wrote with Sullivan the feature film Cabin Fever : Outbreak and is directing and co-writing The Plantation , an adaptation of Val Lewton 's RKO classic I Walked with a Zombie . Adam 's script for Momentum ( aka Gravity ) , co-written by Sullivan , began production in South Africa starting January 2014 . The film was the directorial debut of Stephen Campanelli and stars Morgan Freeman , James Purefoy and Olga Kurylenko . The film premiered at the Fantasia International Film Festival in 2015 . Marcus is the brother of Young Artist Award-nominated actor Kipp Marcus . Marcus attended NYU 's Tisch School of the Arts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "77981f24d0ac46baf5ba5b68a0e092e1", "text": "Brevard Emergency Operations Center The Brevard Emergency Operations Center ( EOC ) provides Homeland Security for Brevard County , Florida . The EOC coordinates information regarding the occurrence or threat of any disaster or emergency threatening the safety of the County residents . The EOC uses telephone , television , and the Emergency Services of the County Sheriff , the City Police and Fire Departments to provide coordinated management of all services for cataclysmic events such as Hurricanes , Floods and Terrorism . In cooperation with police and fire departments , Patrick Air Force Base and Federal agencies , including the Kennedy Space Center , the Emergency Op Center informs the public of an impending or actual emergency or disaster through the use of automatic telephone notification to everyone to start evacuating or other response . This Center operates 24 hours a day . The EOC has successfully conducted mass evacuation and relief of hundreds of thousands of residents from hurricanes since 1999 including two in 2004 . The EOC also warns of tornadoes and serious thunderstorms . Central Florida is the lightning capital of America with more deaths each year than the rest of the states combined . Lightning kills ten times more people in the area than sharks and alligators combined . The peak months are May-September peaking in July .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7dca0ca4b4baab6e1db3ee26b4e31057", "text": "Willow Creek, California Willow Creek ( formerly , China Flat ) is a census-designated place ( CDP ) in Humboldt County , California , United States . The population was 1,710 at the 2010 census , down from 1,743 at the 2000 census . Residents of this small mountain town are commonly referred to as `` Willow Creekers . '' The town is located around 25 mi inland from county seat and harbor city Eureka , with the two places vastly differing in climate . Willow Creek sits along the Trinity River . Willow Creek is described as a `` rugged mountain community nestled in the heart of the Six Rivers National Forest . '' This area of California is located in the Trinity/Shasta/Cascade Region , near the Oregon border , and is easily reached via State Routes 96 ( the `` Bigfoot Scenic Byway '' ) and 299 . The town , which is at the intersection of those Routes , is the Bigfoot capital of the world , and holds an annual `` Bigfoot Daze '' festival in September in honor of the creature , followed by various festivities in a local park . The roadhead of the Bluff Creek / Fish Lake Road , near which many alleged Bigfoot sightings and footprint finds occurred , is about 46 miles northeast , along Route 96 . A non-commercial `` Willow Creek Bigfoot Landmarks : A Brief Touring Guide , plus BF Odds and Ends '' can be viewed online . The region is the location of the Willow Creek American Viticultural Area . Organic gardens and vineries abound and welcome travelers to try their wares . The upper Trinity River offers a classic Class III river rafting run with moderate rapids , followed by the Burnt Ranch Gorge , which is one of the toughest runs in the entire state . An Amazon reviewer of the 2013 found-footage horror film , Willow Creek , says , `` The endearing quirkiness of the town is captured very well in the iconography , the interviews ( particularly with Steven S. , the bookstore owner ) , and the food . '' The Wikipedia review says , `` The two stop off first in Willow Creek ... where various locals talk to Jim 's camera , warning them to keep out of the woods , singing ballads about Bigfoot , and generally enjoying their 15 minutes in the spotlight while Jim and Kelly have a blast ... '' Willow Creek was served for many decades by the weekly Klamity Kourier newspaper , which closed in 2006 and was quickly replaced by the Bigfoot Valley News also based in Willow Creek . The Bigfoot Valley News has since closed , but the regional newspaper , Two Rivers Tribune ( www.tworiverstribune.com ) , opened in 1994 and is still going strong . Its news coverage area is from Burnt Ranch all the way to Happy Camp , 97.5 miles ( by Routes 299 and 96 ) to the north .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "387c1d8604c88afefefa1a62d1fbcf0b", "text": "2012 Hawaii hailstorm On the morning of March 9 , 2012 , a particularly devastating and long-lived hailstorm hit the Hawaiian islands of Oahu and Lanai , during a severe supercell thunderstorm . This event produced the largest hailstone ever recorded in Hawaii since records began in 1950 . The hailstone was measured at 4.5 inches long , 2.25 inches tall , and 2 inches wide . National Weather Service meteorologist Tom Birchard stated that the event was `` unprecedented . '' In addition to spectacular early-morning lightning storms and flooding from the four feet ( 3.3 meters ) of rainfall received , a tornadic waterspout formed off the coast of Oahu during the morning of March 9 , 2012 . Non-supercullar waterspouts are not uncommon ( the State of Hawaii records an average of one waterspout/tornado per year ) , this mesocyclone-induced waterspout tracked inland for 1.5 miles , becoming an EF0 tornado that caused minor damage to the Enchanted Lakes subdivision of Kailua at 7:10 am Hawaiian-Aleutian Time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e36ea6c8b19c886ac621a370106d79b4", "text": "Point of Betrayal Point of Betrayal is a 1995 film about a man ( Rick Johnson ) trying to drive his mother ( Dina Merrill ) insane in order to get her money . The film was directed by Richard Martini and produced by Jonathan D. Krane .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bca189a3bd5c1ab66e5514d4bceff64b", "text": "Mercy Point Mercy Point is an American science fiction medical drama , created by Trey Callaway , David Simkins , and Milo Frank , which originally aired for one season on United Paramount Network ( UPN ) from October 6 , 1998 , to July 15 , 1999 . With an ensemble cast led by : Joe Morton , Maria del Mar , Alexandra Wilson , Brian McNamara , Salli Richardson , Julia Pennington , Gay Thomas , Jordan Lund , and Joe Spano , the series takes place in a 23rd-century hospital space station located in deep space and revolves around its doctors and nurses . The series was produced by Mandalay Television and Columbia TriStar Television ; the executive producers were Trey Callaway , Michael Katleman , Lee David Zlotoff , Joe Voci , and Scott Sanders . Callaway developed Mercy Point from Frank 's script , `` Nightingale One '' , as a concept for a feature film under the working title of the same name . Even though it was picked up by Mandalay Television , the concept was eventually revised as a television project and renamed Mercy Point due to the disappointing commercial performance of the 1997 film Starship Troopers . The show was part of a $ 3 million deal between Mandalay Television and Columbia TriStar Television to produce 200 hours of material . It was filmed in Vancouver to reduce production costs , with the hospital sets constructed on a series of sound stages . Director Joe Napolitano had praised the show for its use of a complete set to allow for more intricate directing . Despite being envisioned as a companion to Star Trek : Voyager , it was paired with Moesha and Clueless as its lead-in on Tuesday nights . Initially focused on ethical and medical cases , the show 's storylines gradually shifted toward relating the characters ' personal relationships to better fit UPN 's primarily teen demographic . Mercy Point was placed on hiatus after only two episodes were aired , and was replaced by the reality television series America 's Greatest Pets and the sitcom Reunited . The show suffered from low viewership , with an average of two million viewers . The final four episodes of the series were broadcast in two , two-hour blocks on Thursday nights in July 1999 . It was never released on DVD or Blu-ray . Critical response to Mercy Point was mixed ; some television critics praised its characterization and use of science-fiction elements , while others found it to be uninteresting and unoriginal . Several media commentators negatively compared the show to other television programs . Callaway has stated that he had the potential story arcs for the full first season already planned before the show 's cancellation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d8c940d8dfdbf7815ea1f00774049ed", "text": "The Echo of Thunder The Echo of Thunder is an Australian family drama movie , released for television in 1998 . It is based on the novel Thunderwith by Australian children 's author Libby Hathorn . It was aired on CBS in the United States as a Hallmark Hall of Fame presentation . The movie is a story of a man Larry Ritchie , who lives with his second wife and three kids on an Australian farm in the Wallingat Forest NSW . He learns about fatal illness of his first wife which leaves his eldest daughter , Lara , alone in the world . Larry decides to take the girl into his home , but his new family does n't like the idea . The mother Gladwyn is possessive of Larry and their three children , Pearl , Opal and Jasper . Lara seeks solace with a mysterious dog she names Thunderwith that appears from time to time on the property . The dog seems to the girl to be a link to her beloved mother and an important companion . The story concentrates on the relationship between mother Gladwyn and stepdaughter , as Lara is slowly accepted into the family . The movie was shot in Mount Beauty , Victoria and directed by Simon Wincer . Hallmark Channel produced the movie and the story undertook several changes for example the four Ritchie children became only three on the set . Judy Davis , who played the mother Gladwyn was nominated for an Emmy for her performance in the movie .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d5f9669799e599bc2b5fe6a3277314d2", "text": "Lightning on the Sun Lightning on the Sun ( 2000 ) is the only novel by Robert Bingham , published after his death in 1999 . The novel relates how Asher , a `` privileged young man '' , travels to Cambodia and wrestles with , amongst other things , drug addiction and trouble with a loan shark . In the New York Times , Stacey D'Erasmo highlighted Bingham 's `` wicked sense of humor '' and stated that the book reaches its peak in quality when Bingham 's writing is at its `` most nihilistic , when he lets the devils play . '' In a review of the novel , Publishers Weekly commented that Bingham `` might have become one of the strongest ( writers ) of his generation '' The novel was partly inspired by Bingham 's own time spent in Cambodia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "929bfcd99449fe3a6b10e7339453f538", "text": "Isles of Wonder (album) Isles of Wonder is the official soundtrack album of the 2012 Summer Olympics opening ceremony . It became available as a download at midnight on 28 July 2012 and as a two-disc CD on 2 August 2012 . The soundtrack is mostly pre-recorded and does not include live elements of the performance such as the drumming from Evelyn Glennie , but the two Arctic Monkeys songs are actually credited in the album sleeve as being recorded during the rehearsal at the stadium on 23 July . Although listed as `` Tubular Bells '' / `` In Dulci Jubilo '' , Mike Oldfield 's track starts with the introduction piece to Tubular Bells in its normal arrangement , followed by a rearranged version of the same theme that during interviews Oldfield called `` swingular bells '' . The piece that was used when the children 's literature villains appeared features two arrangements of `` Far Above the Clouds '' ( from Tubular Bells III ) , and finally there is a rendition of `` In Dulci Jubilo '' followed by a short coda . The cover of the CD is a graphic representation of the ` petals ' of Thomas Heatherwick 's 2012 Summer Olympics and Paralympics cauldron .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3b33efb4160981c31d5c12e022161ed8", "text": "2012 Point Optical Curling Classic The 2012 Point Optical Curling Classic was held from September 21 to 24 at the Nutana Curling Club in Saskatoon , Saskatchewan as part of the 2012 -- 13 World Curling Tour . The event was held in a triple knockout format , with the purse for the event being CAD$ 50,000 . The winning team of John Epping received CAD$ 12,000 for their win .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "82a5d61f1d7c99e6add000b3dfbfadee", "text": "Georgina Lightning Georgina Lightning is a Canadian First Nations film director , screenwriter , and actress . Lightning was born in Edmonton , Alberta , and is a Maskwacis ( Plains ) Cree , registered with the Samson Cree Nation of the Samson Indian Reservation near Edmonton , Alberta . She was raised off the reservation . In 2007 she was featured in Filmmaker Magazine as one of 25 New Faces of Independent Film . In 2010 she was the recipient of the `` White House Project - Epic-Award for Emerging Artist '' . She co-founded Tribal Alliance Productions , partnering with executive producer Audrey Martinez , as a means to create opportunities for Native Indian and indigenous filmmakers . In 2008 she directed , wrote , and starred in the supernatural thriller film Older Than America . As such , she became the first female North American aboriginal director of a feature-length film . The film won several awards from various film contests , including Best Feature Film , Best Director and Best Actor . The idea for the film came from her personal exploration of her father 's past . She is an outspoken advocate of North American aboriginal causes , working to restore a greater common appreciation and awareness of the intrinsic value of North American aboriginal culture to society in general . Her three children are either currently or previously performing actors . They are Crystle Lightning , Cody Lightning , and William Lightning .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc431dbb3c3e2428ff32f656635333bb", "text": "Sparkle (2012 film) Sparkle is a 2012 American musical film directed by Salim Akil and produced by Stage 6 Films , It was released on August 17 , 2012 , by TriStar Pictures . Inspired by The Supremes , Sparkle is a remake of the 1976 film of the same name , which centered on three singing teenage sisters from Harlem who form a girl group in the late 1960s . The remake takes place in Detroit , Michigan in the 1960s during the Motown era . The film stars Jordin Sparks , Derek Luke , Whitney Houston , Mike Epps , Cee Lo Green , Carmen Ejogo , Tika Sumpter , Tamela Mann and Omari Hardwick . Sparkle features songs from the original film written by soul musician Curtis Mayfield as well as new compositions by R&B artist R. Kelly . This film is the debut of R&B / pop singer and American Idol winner Jordin Sparks as an actress . Sparkle also marks Whitney Houston 's fifth and final feature film role before her death on February 11 , 2012 , three months after filming ended . The film is dedicated to her memory .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a73e97b55fec8dfaa441fb0e934dc6e4", "text": "Lightning (Atlanta) Lightning was a neighborhood just west of Downtown Atlanta , Georgia , north of the former extension of Magnolia Street , south of Simpson St. ( now Joseph E. Boone Blvd. ) and east of Northside Drive ( US 41 ) . It was razed to make way mostly for the expansion of the Georgia World Congress Center as well as the north end of the Georgia Dome . As of 1975 , east-west streets in Lighting were , from north to south : Simpson St. ( northern border ) , Tyler St. , Rock St. , Mayes St. , Thurmond St. Newton St. , Foundry St. , Magnolia St. ( southern border ) North-south streets in Lightning were , from west to east : Northside Dr. ( western border ) , Haynes St. , Mangum St. , Elliott St. ( eastern border ) .", "title": "" } ]
fever
a195d09f64fa31baf5788484eb600476
Steam is not the gaseous state of water.
[ { "docid": "122401e0d101eb8cbcee50e425d116e4", "text": "Water Water is a transparent and nearly colorless chemical substance that is the main constituent of Earth 's streams , lakes , and oceans , and the fluids of most living organisms . Its chemical formula is H2O , meaning that its molecule contains one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms , that are connected by covalent bonds . Water strictly refers to the liquid state of that substance , that prevails at standard ambient temperature and pressure ; but it often refers also to its solid state ( ice ) or its gaseous state ( steam or water vapor ) . It also occurs in nature as snow , glaciers , ice packs and icebergs , clouds , fog , dew , aquifers , and atmospheric humidity . Water covers 71 % of the Earth 's surface . It is vital for all known forms of life . On Earth , 96.5 % of the planet 's crust water is found in seas and oceans , 1.7 % in groundwater , 1.7 % in glaciers and the ice caps of Antarctica and Greenland , a small fraction in other large water bodies , and 0.001 % in the air as vapor , clouds ( formed of ice and liquid water suspended in air ) , and precipitation . Only 2.5 % of this water is freshwater , and 98.8 % of that water is in ice ( excepting ice in clouds ) and groundwater . Less than 0.3 % of all freshwater is in rivers , lakes , and the atmosphere , and an even smaller amount of the Earth 's freshwater ( 0.003 % ) is contained within biological bodies and manufactured products . A greater quantity of water is found in the earth 's interior . Water on Earth moves continually through the water cycle of evaporation and transpiration ( evapotranspiration ) , condensation , precipitation , and runoff , usually reaching the sea . Evaporation and transpiration contribute to the precipitation over land . Large amounts of water are also chemically combined or adsorbed in hydrated minerals . Safe drinking water is essential to humans and other lifeforms even though it provides no calories or organic nutrients . Access to safe drinking water has improved over the last decades in almost every part of the world , but approximately one billion people still lack access to safe water and over 2.5 billion lack access to adequate sanitation . There is a clear correlation between access to safe water and gross domestic product per capita . However , some observers have estimated that by 2025 more than half of the world population will be facing water-based vulnerability . A report , issued in November 2009 , suggests that by 2030 , in some developing regions of the world , water demand will exceed supply by 50 % . Water plays an important role in the world economy . Approximately 70 % of the freshwater used by humans goes to agriculture . Fishing in salt and fresh water bodies is a major source of food for many parts of the world . Much of long-distance trade of commodities ( such as oil and natural gas ) and manufactured products is transported by boats through seas , rivers , lakes , and canals . Large quantities of water , ice , and steam are used for cooling and heating , in industry and homes . Water is an excellent solvent for a wide variety of chemical substances ; as such it is widely used in industrial processes , and in cooking and washing . Water is also central to many sports and other forms of entertainment , such as swimming , pleasure boating , boat racing , surfing , sport fishing , and diving .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "b7b72e619dd907298eb31273cfaf1a7d", "text": "Reservoir A reservoir ( etymology : from French réservoir a `` storehouse '' ) is a storage space for fluids . These fluids may be water , hydrocarbons or gas . A reservoir usually means an enlarged natural or artificial lake , storage pond or impoundment created using a dam or lock to store water . Reservoirs can be created by controlling a stream that drains an existing body of water . They can also be constructed in river valleys using a dam . Alternately , a reservoir can be built by excavating flat ground or constructing retaining walls and levees . Tank reservoirs store liquids or gases in storage tanks that may be elevated , at grade level , or buried . Tank reservoirs for water are also called cisterns . Underground reservoirs are used to store liquids , principally either water or petroleum , below ground .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0fb4cb61883f9054f02ab92105f743f2", "text": "Magmatic water Magmatic water or juvenile water is water that exists within , and in equilibrium with , a magma or water-rich volatile fluids that are derived from a magma . This magmatic water is released to the atmosphere during a volcanic eruption . Magmatic water may also be released as hydrothermal fluids during the late stages of magmatic crystallization or solidification within the Earth 's crust . The crystallization of hydroxyl bearing amphibole and mica minerals acts to contain part of the magmatic water within a solidified igneous rock . Ultimate sources of this magmatic water includes water and hydrous minerals in rocks melted during subduction as well as primordial water brought up from the deep mantle .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a07c8eec4d7bc205234c3453a9665485", "text": "Ultrapure water Ultrapure water ( also UPW or high-purity water ) is water that has been purified to uncommonly stringent specifications . Ultrapure water is a commonly used term in the semiconductor industry to emphasize the fact that the water is treated to the highest levels of purity for all contaminant types , including : organic and inorganic compounds ; dissolved and particulate matter ; volatile and non-volatile , reactive and inert ; hydrophilic and hydrophobic ; and dissolved gases . UPW and commonly used term deionized ( DI ) water are not the same . In addition to the fact that UPW has organic particles and dissolved gases removed , a typical UPW system has three stages : a pretreatment stage to produce purified water , a primary stage to further purify the water , and a polishing stage , the most expensive part of the treatment process.The polishing stage is a set of treatment steps and is usually a recirculation and distribution system , continuously treating and recirculating the purified water in order to maintain stable high purity quality of supplied water . Traditionally the resistivity of water serves as an indication of the level of purity of UPW . Deionized ( DI ) water may have a purity of at least one million ohms-centimeter or one Mohm ∙ cm . Typical UPW quality is at the theoretical maximum of water resistivity ( 18.18 Mohm ∙ cm at 25 ° C ) . Therefore the term has acquired measurable standards that further define both advancing needs and advancing technology in ultrapure water production . A number of organizations and groups develop and publish standards associated with the production of UPW . For microelectronics and power , they include Semiconductor Equipment and Materials International ( SEMI ) ( microelectronics and photovoltaic ) , American Society for Testing and Materials International ( ASTM International ) ( semiconductor , power ) , Electric Power Research Institute ( EPRI ) ( power ) , American Society of Mechanical Engineers ( ASME ) ( power ) , and International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam ( IAPWS ) ( power ) . Pharmaceutical plants follow water quality standards as developed by pharmacopeias , of which three examples are the United States Pharmacopeia , European Pharmacopeia , and Japanese Pharmacopeia . The most widely used requirements for UPW quality are documented by ASTM D5127 `` Standard Guide for Ultra-Pure Water Used in the Electronics and Semiconductor Industries '' and SEMI F63 `` Guide for ultrapure water used in semiconductor processing '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ac01b940688597c9b0744927b88a70ca", "text": "Steam infusion Steam Infusion is a direct-contact heating process in which steam condenses on the surface of a pumpable food product . Its primary use is for the gentle and rapid heating of a variety of food ingredients and products including milk , cream , soymilk , ketchup , soups and sauces . Unlike steam injection and traditional vesselled steam heating ; the steam infusion process surrounds the liquid food product with steam as opposed to passing steam through the liquid . Steam Infusion cooking technology from OAL is believed to be the fastest growing food processing solution in the UK with annual sales up 10 fold to # 6 million . Steam Infusion allows food product to be cooked , mixed and pumped within a single unit , often removing the need for multiple stages of processing . Steam Infusion is being used at more than 30 sites globally , producing sauces , soups and meat products to great effect . `` Steam infusion has allowed us to nearly double our previous throughput rates , furthermore our meat sauce quality and consistency has improved dramatically . '' Mark Carnaghan , Factory Manager , Greencore Steam Infusion from Olympus Automation has been dubbed low risk by commentators because of the ease with which manufacturers can easily match existing products . The PDX ™ steam infusion unit can be run in steam injector mode cutting production times but with no change to final product .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "03765c73f1a67818b1510d9a16d00ba0", "text": "Masonry heater A masonry heater ( or masonry stove , ceramic stove , tile stove ) is a device for warming an interior space through radiant heating , by capturing the heat from periodic burning of fuel ( usually wood ) , and then radiating the heat at a fairly constant temperature for a long period . The technology has existed in different forms , from back into the Neoglacial and Neolithic periods . Archeological digs have revealed excavations of ancient inhabitants utilizing hot smoke from fires in their subterranean dwellings , to radiate into the living spaces . These early forms have evolved into modern systems . Evidence found from 5,000 B.C. of massive blocks of masonry used to retain heat foreshadowed early forms of fire hearths that were used as multifunctional heating sources . Later evolutions came in the Roman hypocaust , Austrian/German ( kachelofen , baths ) using the smoke and exhaust of a single fire . In Eastern and Northern Europe and North Asia , these kachelofens ( or steinofens ) evolved in many different forms and names : for example the Russian Stove/Fireplace ( -LSB- : ru : Русская печь , Русская печь -RSB- ) , the Finnish Stove ( in Finnish : pystyuuni or kaakeliuuni , `` tile oven '' ) and the Swedish Stove ( in Swedish : kakelugn , `` tile stove '' or `` contra-flow stove '' ) associated with Carl Johan Cronstedt . The Chinese developed the same principle into their Kang bed-stove . The masonry heater has gained renewed domestic popularity recently because of its heating efficiency . ASTM International calls a masonry heater `` a vented heating system of predominantly masonry construction having a mass of at least 800 kg ( 1760 lbs ) , excluding the chimney and masonry heater base . In particular , a masonry heater is designed specifically to capture and store a substantial portion of the heat energy from a solid fuel fire in the mass of the masonry heater through internal heat exchange flue channels , enable a charge of solid fuel mixed with an adequate amount of air to burn rapidly and more completely at high temperatures in order to reduce emission of unburned hydrocarbons , and be constructed of sufficient mass and surface area such that under normal operating conditions , the external surface temperature of the masonry heater ( except in the region immediately surrounding the fuel loading door ( s ) ) , does not exceed 110 ° C ( 230 ° F ) . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ba3e4f874b220cf655797e69172169f7", "text": "Dry distillation Dry distillation is the heating of solid materials to produce gaseous products ( which may condense into liquids or solids ) . The method may not involve pyrolysis or thermolysis . The products are condensed and collected . This method usually requires higher temperatures than classical distillation . The method has been used to obtain liquid fuels from coal and wood . It can also be used to break down mineral salts such as sulfates through thermolysis , in this case producing sulfur dioxide/sulfur trioxide gas which can be dissolved in water to obtain sulfuric acid . By this method sulfuric acid was first identified and artificially produced . When substances of vegetable origin , e.g. coal , oil shale , peat or wood , are heated in the absence of air ( dry distillation ) , they decompose into gas , liquid products and coke/charcoal . The yield and chemical nature of the decomposition products depend on the nature of the raw material and the conditions under which the dry distillation is done . Decomposition within a temperature range of 450 to about 600 ° C is called carbonization or low-temperature degassing . At temperatures above 900 ° C , the process is called coking or high-temperature degassing . If coal is gasified to make coal gas or carbonized to make coke then Coal tar is among the by-products . When wood is heated above 270 ° C it begins to carbonize . If air is absent the final product , since there is no oxygen present to react with the wood , is charcoal . If air , which contains oxygen , is present , the wood will catch fire and burn when it reaches a temperature of about 400 -- 500 ° C and the fuel product is wood ash . If wood is heated away from air , first the moisture is driven off and until this is complete , the wood temperature remains at about 100 -- 110 ° C . When the wood is dry its temperature rises and at about 270 ° C it begins to spontaneously decompose and , at the same time , heat is evolved . This is the well known exothermic reaction which takes place in charcoal burning . At this stage evolution of the by-products of wood carbonization starts . These substances are given off gradually as the temperature rises and at about 450 ° C the evolution is complete . The solid residue , charcoal , is mainly carbon ( about 70 % ) and small amounts of tarry substances which can be driven off or decomposed completely only by raising the temperature to above about 600 ° C. In the common practice of charcoal burning using internal heating of the charged wood by burning a part of it , all the by-product vapors and gas escapes into the atmosphere as smoke . The by-products can be recovered by passing the off-gases through a series of water to yield so-called wood vinegar ( pyroligneous acid ) and the non-condensible wood gas passes on through the condenser and may be burned to provide heat . The wood gas is only usable as fuel and consists typically of 17 % methane ; 2 % hydrogen ; 23 % carbon monoxide ; 38 % carbon dioxide ; 2 % oxygen and 18 % nitrogen . It has a gas calorific value of about 10.8 MJoules per m3 ( 290 BTU/cu . ft. ) i.e. about one third the value of natural gas . When deciduous tree woods are subjected to distillation , the products are methanol ( wood alcohol ) and charcoal . The distillation of pine wood causes Pine tar and pitch to drip away from the wood and leave behind charcoal . Birch tar from birch bark is a particularly fine tar , known as `` Russian oil '' , suitable for leather protection . The by-products of wood tar are turpentine and charcoal . Tar kilns are dry distillation ovens , historically used in Scandinavia for producing tar from wood . They were built close to the forest , from limestone or from more primitive holes in the ground . The bottom is sloped into an outlet hole to allow the tar to pour out . The wood is split into dimensions of a finger , stacked densely , and finally covered tight with dirt and moss . If oxygen can enter , the wood might catch fire , and the production would be ruined . On top of this , a fire is stacked and lit . After a few hours , the tar starts to pour out and continues to do so for a few days .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "96f12c6bab5904578872ffc015e7a3d9", "text": "Modern Mars habitability One of the central questions of modern Astrobiology is whether there is , or ever has been life on Mars . Mars probably had oceans in the past , and it definitely had lakes and a thicker atmosphere . Modern Mars has become cold , dry , and almost uninhabitable , yet , if life did ever arise on Mars , some hardy microbes and perhaps even multicellular life might survive there right through to the present . The only missions to search for life on Mars , the two Viking missions , returned results that were inconclusive . However the instruments were not designed to cope with the unusual conditions which Viking discovered on Mars , which may have confused the results of the experiments . Also , they did n't know enough about Mars at that time to target the regions we now think are most likely to have present day life . Life would meet many challenges on present day Mars . Liquid water boils at 0 ° C , over much of its surface . Even at the depths of the Hellas basin , any water is close to its boiling point of 10 ° C and will dry out quickly . Ice also evaporates into the atmosphere over geological timescales - and most of the equatorial regions are thought to be dry to depths of tens of meters . As its axial tilt varies , Mars atmosphere is sometimes thicker , and liquid water may then form on the surface - but any dormant life in the top few meters of soil would be destroyed over periods of millions of years by cosmic radiation . However , in 2008 , droplets were observed on the landing legs of Phoenix . Sadly , there was no way to analyse them , but the leading hypothesis is that they were droplets of salty water . Phoenix also made isotopic measurements which show that the Mars atmosphere has exchanged oxygen molecules with liquid on the surface in the recent geological past . This could indicate either recent episodic occurrences of liquid water ( for instance after a meteorite strike ) or water present every year , in contact with the atmosphere . We now know of many seasonal changes in the surface of Mars which are only visible in high resolution photographs . Most of these are now thought to be caused by dry ice or wind effects . However , the `` Recurrent slope lineae '' , and some of the `` flow like features '' form in conditions that suggest the occasional presence of small quantities of water on Mars . The evidence of flowing brines in the RSLs is strong , though it 's not known if they are habitable . Curiosity has also found indirect evidence of a brine layer 15 cm below the sands that it drives over , though most scientists think that this layer is not habitable for Earth life . Recent Mars surface simulations by Nilton Renno and his team have shown that small droplets of water can form on salt / ice interfaces for a few hours per day almost anywhere on the surface of Mars , and this may explain the Phoenix leg droplets observations . In a separate development , research by the German aerospace company DLR in Mars simulation chambers and on the ISS show that some Earth life can survive simulated Mars surface conditions without any water at all , and photosynthesize and metabolize , slowly . It can do this using the high relative humidity of the Mars atmosphere at night . All of this work was done after the Phoenix discoveries in 2008 . Other potential habitats include lakes formed in the higher latitudes after cometary or meteorite impacts , or as a result of volcanism . Covered by ice , these may remain liquid for centuries , or up to a few thousand years for the largest impacts . The planet may also have underground trapped layers of water heated by geothermal hotspots . Also there are suggestions that Mars may have a deep hydrosphere , a liquid layer below its cryosphere , a few kilometers below the surface . Deep rock habitats on Earth are inhabited by life so if this layer exists , it may also be habitable on Mars . The main questions are Do these potential habitats exist ? Are they habitable ? For instance , liquid water , if present , could be too cold , or too salty for Earth life Are they in fact inhabited by any forms of life ? As Mars is so inhospitable , life might not be able to spread to new habitats easily . So there might be life in some of the habitats and not in others . Or life on Mars may have gone extinct , or never evolved at all , in which case none of the habitats would be inhabited . These discoveries have renewed interest in this topic , with many astrobiologists saying that they think present day Mars may be more habitable than previously thought . The first conference on the Present Day Habitability of Mars was held in 2013 in UCLA . The 2017 conference session on Modern Mars Habitability will run from April 24 -- 28 in Mesa , Arizona", "title": "" }, { "docid": "df7920561b1b76d3c14bb93ca377ce10", "text": "Acentric factor The acentric factor is a conceptual number introduced by Kenneth Pitzer in 1955 , proven to be very useful in the description of matter . It has become a standard for the phase characterization of single & pure components . The other state description parameters are molecular weight , critical temperature , critical pressure , and critical volume ( or critical compressibility ) . The acentric factor is said to be a measure of the non-sphericity ( centricity ) of molecules . As it increases , the vapor curve is `` pulled '' down , resulting in higher boiling points . It is defined as : . where is the reduced temperature , is the reduced saturation vapor pressure . For many monatomic fluids , is close to 0.1 , therefore . In many cases , lies above the boiling temperature of liquids at atmosphere pressure . Values of can be determined for any fluid from accurate experimental vapor pressure data . Preferably , these data should first be regressed against a reliable vapor pressure equation such as the following : ln ( P ) = A + B/T + C * ln ( T ) + D * T ^ 6 ( This equation fits vapor pressure over a very wide range of temperature for most components , but is by no means the only one that should be considered . ) In this regression , a careful check for erroneous vapor pressure measurements must be made , preferably using a log ( P ) vs. 1/T graph , and any obviously incorrect or dubious values should be discarded . The regression should then be re-run with the remaining good values until a good fit is obtained . The vapor pressure at Tr = 0.7 can then be used in the defining equation , above , to estimate acentric factor . Then , using the known critical temperature , Tc , find the temperature at Tr = 0.7 . At this temperature , calculate the vapor pressure , Psat , from the regressed equation . The definition of gives a zero-value for the noble gases argon , krypton , and xenon . is very close to zero for other spherical molecules .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "10d36fa63b7933f7aa5470f0c3ce4aa1", "text": "Condenser (heat transfer) In systems involving heat transfer , a condenser is a device or unit used to condense a substance from its gaseous to its liquid state , by cooling it . In so doing , the latent heat is given up by the substance , and will transfer to the condenser coolant . Condensers can be made according to numerous designs , and come in many sizes ranging from rather small ( hand-held ) to very large ( industrial-scale units used in plant processes ) . For example , a refrigerator uses a condenser to get rid of heat extracted from the interior of the unit to the outside air . Condensers are used in air conditioning , industrial chemical processes such as distillation , steam power plants and other heat-exchange systems . Use of cooling water or surrounding air as the coolant is common in many condensers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7fc968c2932401265894f103a18c7483", "text": "Steam explosion A steam explosion is an explosion caused by violent boiling or flashing of water into steam , occurring when water is either superheated , rapidly heated by fine hot debris produced within it , or heated by the interaction of molten metals ( as in a fuel -- coolant interaction , or FCI , of molten nuclear-reactor fuel rods with water in a nuclear reactor core following a core-meltdown ) . Pressure vessels , such as pressurized water ( nuclear ) reactors , that operate above atmospheric pressure can also provide the conditions for a steam explosion . The water changes from a liquid to a gas with extreme speed , increasing dramatically in volume . A steam explosion sprays steam and boiling-hot water and the hot medium that heated it in all directions ( if not otherwise confined , e.g. by the walls of a container ) , creating a danger of scalding and burning . Steam explosions are not normally chemical explosions , although a number of substances react chemically with steam ( for example , zirconium and superheated graphite react with steam and air respectively to give off hydrogen , which burns violently in air ) so that chemical explosions and fires may follow . Some steam explosions appear to be special kinds of boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion ( BLEVE ) , and rely on the release of stored superheat . But many large-scale events , including foundry accidents , show evidence of an energy-release front propagating through the material ( see description of FCI below ) , where the forces create fragments and mix the hot phase into the cold volatile one ; and the rapid heat transfer at the front sustains the propagation . If a steam explosion occurs in a confined tank of water due to rapid heating of the water , the pressure wave and rapidly expanding steam can cause severe water hammer . This was the mechanism that , in Idaho , USA , in 1961 , caused the SL-1 nuclear reactor vessel to jump over 9 ft in the air when it was destroyed by a criticality accident . In the case of SL-1 , the fuel and fuel elements vaporized from instantaneous overheating . Events of this general type are also possible if the fuel and fuel elements of a liquid-cooled nuclear reactor gradually melt . Such explosions are known as fuel -- coolant interactions ( FCI ) . In these events the passage of the pressure wave through the predispersed material creates flow forces which further fragment the melt , resulting in rapid heat transfer , and thus sustaining the wave . Much of the physical destruction in the Chernobyl disaster , a graphite-moderated , light-water-cooled RBMK-1000 reactor , is thought to have been due to such a steam explosion . In a nuclear meltdown , the most severe outcome of a steam explosion is early containment failure . Two possibilities are the ejection at high pressure of molten fuel into the containment , causing rapid heating ; or an in-vessel steam explosion causing ejection of a missile ( such as the upper head ) into , and through , the containment . Less dramatic but still significant is that the molten mass of fuel and reactor core melts through the floor of the reactor building and reaches ground water ; a steam explosion might occur , but the debris would probably be contained , and would in fact , being dispersed , probably be more easily cooled . See WASH-1400 for details . Steam explosions are often encountered where hot lava meets sea water . Such an occurrence is also called a littoral explosion . A dangerous steam explosion can also be created when liquid water encounters hot , molten metal . As the water explodes into steam , it splashes the burning hot liquid metal along with it , causing an extreme risk of severe burns to anyone located nearby and creating a fire hazard .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "332a2f135ce7996bd34bd3f392d1c4e7", "text": "Hydrogen thioperoxide Hydrogen thioperoxide , also called oxadisulfane or sulfur hydride hydroxide , is the chemical with the structure H -- S -- O -- H . It can be considered as the simple sulfur-substituted analog of the common hydrogen peroxide ( H -- O -- O -- H ) chemical , and as the simplest hydrogen chalcogenide containing more than one type of chalcogen . The chemical has been described as the `` missing link '' between hydrogen peroxide and hydrogen disulfide ( H -- S -- S -- H ) , though it is substantially less stable than either of the other two . It is the inorganic parent structure of the sulfenic acid class of organic compounds ( R -- S -- O -- H ) and also the oxadisulfide linkage ( R1 -- S -- O -- R2 ) , where `` R '' is any organic structure . Sulfur is present in oxidation state 0 . Hydrogen thioperoxide has been synthesized in labs by photolysis of a mixture of ozone and hydrogen sulfide frozen in argon at 8 K and by pyrolysis of di-tert-butyl sulfoxide . Yet another synthesis is by an electric discharge through water and sulfur . In the interstellar medium there is a hypothesis that hydrogen thioperoxide is formed in a reaction of sulfur monoxide with the trihydrogen cation , dihydrogen and an electron . Another possible route , is sulfur monoxide reacting with atomic hydrogen to form HOS and HSO which in turn can add another hydrogen atom . However this mechanism probably needs a dust grain to take away excess energy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "702f62b28361358d150dff502f8297ea", "text": "Water-tube boiler A watertube boiler ( also spelled water-tube and water tube ) is a type of boiler in which water circulates in tubes heated externally by the fire . Fuel is burned inside the furnace , creating hot gas which heats water in the steam-generating tubes . In smaller boilers , additional generating tubes are separate in the furnace , while larger utility boilers rely on the water-filled tubes that make up the walls of the furnace to generate steam . The heated water then rises into the steam drum . Here , saturated steam is drawn off the top of the drum . In some services , the steam will reenter the furnace through a superheater to become superheated . Superheated steam is defined as steam that is heated above the boiling point at a given pressure . Superheated steam is a dry gas and therefore used to drive turbines , since water droplets can severely damage turbine blades . Cool water at the bottom of the steam drum returns to the feedwater drum via large-bore ` downcomer tubes ' , where it pre-heats the feedwater supply . ( In large utility boilers , the feedwater is supplied to the steam drum and the downcomers supply water to the bottom of the waterwalls ) . To increase economy of the boiler , exhaust gases are also used to pre-heat the air blown into the furnace and warm the feedwater supply . Such watertube boilers in thermal power stations are also called steam generating units . The older fire-tube boiler design , in which the water surrounds the heat source and gases from combustion pass through tubes within the water space , is a much weaker structure and is rarely used for pressures above 350 psi . A significant advantage of the watertube boiler is that there is less chance of a catastrophic failure : there is not a large volume of water in the boiler nor are there large mechanical elements subject to failure . A water tube boiler was patented by Blakey of England in 1766 and was made by Dallery of France in 1780 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "42012ef06515311c4798d6a964404d19", "text": "Sea surface temperature Sea surface temperature ( SST ) is the water temperature close to the ocean 's surface . The exact meaning of surface varies according to the measurement method used , but it is between 1 mm and 20 m below the sea surface . Air masses in the Earth 's atmosphere are highly modified by sea surface temperatures within a short distance of the shore . Localized areas of heavy snow can form in bands downwind of warm water bodies within an otherwise cold air mass . Warm sea surface temperatures are known to be a cause of tropical cyclogenesis over the Earth 's oceans . Tropical cyclones can also cause a cool wake , due to turbulent mixing of the upper 30 m of the ocean . SST changes diurnally , like the air above it , but to a lesser degree . There is less SST variation on breezy days than on calm days . In addition , ocean currents such as the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation ( AMO ) , can effect SST 's on multi-decadal time scales , a major impact results from the global thermohaline circulation , which affects average SST significantly throughout most of the world 's oceans . Coastal SSTs can cause offshore winds to generate upwelling , which can significantly cool or warm nearby landmasses , but shallower waters over a continental shelf are often warmer . Onshore winds can cause a considerable warm-up even in areas where upwelling is fairly constant , such as the northwest coast of South America . Its values are important within numerical weather prediction as the SST influences the atmosphere above , such as in the formation of sea breezes and sea fog . It is also used to calibrate measurements from weather satellites .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "36a796a8e87527888d149589b9ef5a79", "text": "Cloud condensation nuclei Cloud condensation nuclei or CCNs ( also known as cloud seeds ) are small particles typically 0.2 µm , or 1/100th the size of a cloud droplet on which water vapor condenses . Water requires a non-gaseous surface to make the transition from a vapour to a liquid ; this process is called condensation . In the atmosphere , this surface presents itself as tiny solid or liquid particles called CCNs . When no CCNs are present , water vapour can be supercooled at about -13 ° C ( 8 ° F ) for 5-6 hours before droplets spontaneously form ( this is the basis of the cloud chamber for detecting subatomic particles ) . In above freezing temperatures the air would have to be supersaturated to around 400 % before the droplets could form . The concept of cloud condensation nuclei is used in cloud seeding , that tries to encourage rainfall by seeding the air with condensation nuclei . It has further been suggested that creating such nuclei could be used for marine cloud brightening , a climate engineering technique .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5aa287afe3028f8940da464b61afd851", "text": "Flash reactor As an extension of the fluidized bed family of separation processes , the flash reactor ( FR ) ( or transport reactor ) employs turbulent fluid introduced at high velocities to encourage chemical reactions with feeds and subsequently achieve separation through the chemical conversion of desired substances to different phases and streams . A flash reactor consists of a main reaction chamber and an outlet for separated products to enter downstream processes . FR vessels facilitate a low gas and solid retention ( and hence reactant contact time ) for industrial applications which give rise to a high throughput , pure product and less than ideal thermal distribution when compared to other fluidized bed reactors . Due to these properties as well as its relative simplicity FRs have the potential for use for pre-treatment and post-treatment processes where these strengths of the FR are prioritized the most . Various designs of a FR ( e.g. pipeline FR , centrifugal FR , vessel FR ) exist and are currently used in pilot industrial plants for further development . These designs allow for a wide range of current and future applications , including water treatment sterilization , recovery and recycling of steel mill dust , pre-treatment and roasting of metals , chemical looping combustion as well as hydrogen production from biomass .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc55d1514a30e2b6d1701ebc2d82823d", "text": "Hydraulic analogy The electronic -- hydraulic analogy ( derisively referred to as the drain-pipe theory by Oliver Lodge ) is the most widely used analogy for `` electron fluid '' in a metal conductor . Since electric current is invisible and the processes at play in electronics are often difficult to demonstrate , the various electronic components are represented by hydraulic equivalents . Electricity ( as well as heat ) was originally understood to be a kind of fluid , and the names of certain electric quantities ( such as current ) are derived from hydraulic equivalents . As with all analogies , it demands an intuitive and competent understanding of the baseline paradigms ( electronics and hydraulics ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "32f3d739e65c2a74cc25eeb7e4e988e8", "text": "Cooling bath A cooling bath , in laboratory chemistry practice , is a liquid mixture which is used to maintain low temperatures , typically between 13 ° C and − 196 ° C . These low temperatures are used to collect liquids after distillation , to remove solvents using a rotary evaporator , or to perform a chemical reaction below room temperature ( see : kinetic control ) . Cooling baths are generally one of two types : ( a ) a cold fluid ( particularly liquid nitrogen , water , or even air ) -- but most commonly the term refers to ( b ) a mixture of 3 components : ( 1 ) a cooling agent ( such as dry ice or water ice ) ; ( 2 ) a liquid ` carrier ' ( such as liquid water , ethylene glycol , acetone , etc. ) , which transfers heat between the bath and the vessel ; ; and ( 3 ) an additive to depress the melting-point of the solid/liquid system . A familiar example of this is the use of an ice/rock-salt mixture to freeze ice cream . Adding salt lowers the freezing temperature of water , lowering the minimum temperature attainable with only ice .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4f43872031fc05daf151c8642460b135", "text": "Air-free technique Air-free techniques refer to a range of manipulations in the chemistry laboratory for the handling of compounds that are air-sensitive . These techniques prevent the compounds from reacting with components of air , usually water and oxygen ; less commonly carbon dioxide and nitrogen . A common theme among these techniques is the use of a fine ( 100-10 − 3 Torr ) or high ( 10 − 3-10 − 6 Torr ) vacuum to remove air , and the use of an inert gas : preferably argon , but often nitrogen . The two most common types of air-free technique involve the use of a glovebox and a Schlenk line , although some rigorous applications use a high-vacuum line . In both methods , glassware ( often Schlenk tubes ) are pre-dried in ovens prior to use . They may be flame-dried to remove adsorbed water . Prior to coming into an inert atmosphere , vessels are further dried by purge-and-refill -- the vessel is subjected to a vacuum to remove gases and water , and then refilled with inert gas . This cycle is usually repeated three times or the vacuum is applied for an extended period of time . One of the differences between the use of a glovebox and a Schlenk line is where the purge-and-refill cycle is applied . When using a glovebox the purge-and-refill is applied to an airlock attached to the glovebox , commonly called the `` port '' or `` ante-chamber '' . In contrast when using a Schlenk line the purge-and-refill is applied directly to the reaction vessel through a hose or ground glass joint that is connected to the manifold .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3a6e1198cdc4ca03d29e79d24579c6d4", "text": "Model steam engine A model steam engine is a small steam engine built as an educational toy for children ( in which case it is also called a toy steam engine ) or for adult live steam enthusiasts . Between the 18th and early 20th centuries , demonstration models were also in use at universities and engineering schools , frequently designed and built by students as part of their curriculum . Model steam engines have been made in many forms by a number of manufacturers , but building model steam engines from scratch is popular among adult steam enthusiasts , although this generally requires access to a lathe and/or milling machine . Those without a lathe can alternatively purchase prefabricated parts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "08ba1ab5fb85f624822644fb12ac374b", "text": "List of thermodynamic properties Within thermodynamics , a physical property is any property that is measurable , and whose value describes a state of a physical system . Some constants , such as the ideal gas constant , R , do not describe the state of a system , and so are not properties . On the other hand , some constants , such as Kf ( the freezing point depression constant , or cryoscopic constant ) , depend on the identity of a substance , and so may be considered to describe the state of a system , and so may be considered physical properties . `` Specific '' properties are expressed on a per mass basis . If the units were changed from per mass to , for example , per mole , the property would remain as it was ( i.e. , intensive or extensive ) . Regarding Work and Heat Work and heat are not thermodynamic properties , but rather process quantities : flows of energy across a system boundary . Systems do not contain work , but can perform work , and likewise , in formal thermodynamics , systems do not contain heat , but can transfer heat . Informally , however , a difference in the energy of a system that occurs solely because of a difference in its temperature is commonly called heat , and the energy that flows across a boundary as a result of a temperature difference is `` heat '' . Altitude ( or elevation ) is usually not a thermodynamic property . Altitude can help specify the location of a system , but that does not describe the state of the system . An exception would be if the effect of gravity needed to be considered in order to describe a state , in which case altitude could indeed be a thermodynamic property .", "title": "" } ]
fever
d1be3119f9cfec4a185cb23dc139dae2
Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows is a novel which received acclaim.
[ { "docid": "75ae432a731ce43d468fc1405fcb0b47", "text": "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows is the seventh and final novel of the Harry Potter series , written by British author J. K. Rowling . The book was released on 21 July 2007 by Bloomsbury Publishing in the United Kingdom , in the United States by Scholastic , and in Canada by Raincoast Books , ending the series that began in 1997 with the publication of Harry Potter and the Philosopher 's Stone . The novel chronicles the events directly following Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince ( 2005 ) , and the final confrontation between the wizards Harry Potter and Lord Voldemort , as well as revealing the previously concealed back story of several main characters . The title of the book refers to three mythical objects featured in the story , collectively known as the `` Deathly Hallows '' -- an unbeatable wand , a stone to bring the dead to life , and a cloak of invisibility . Rowling finished writing Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows in January 2007 . Before its release , Bloomsbury reportedly spent # 10 million to keep the book 's contents safe before its release date . American publisher Arthur Levine refused any copies of the novel to be released in advance for press review , although two reviews were submitted early . Shortly before release , photos of all 759 pages of the U.S. edition were leaked and transcribed , leading Scholastic to look for the source that had leaked it . Released globally in 93 countries , Deathly Hallows broke sales records as the fastest-selling book ever , a record it still held in 2012 . It sold 15 million copies in the first 24 hours following its release , including more than 11 million in the U.S. and UK alone . The previous record , 9 million in its first day , had been held by Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince . The novel has also been translated into over 120 languages . The title proved difficult to translate and was often rendered closer to `` Harry Potter and the Relics of Death '' in other languages . Major themes in the novel are death and living in a corrupted society , and critics have compared them to Christian allegories . Generally well-received , the book won the 2008 Colorado Blue Spruce Book Award , and the American Library Association named it a `` Best Book for Young Adults '' . A two-part film adaptation began showing in November 2010 when Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows -- Part 1 was released ; Part 2 was released on 15 July 2011 .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "40c1b961385a493e69fb2d39e3ccba9a", "text": "Big Read (Hungarian) Big Read is the Hungarian version of the BBC Big Read . The Big Read was imported into Hungary under the name A Nagy Könyv ( lit . `` The Big Book '' ) and took place in 2005 . Around 1400 libraries , 500 book shops and 1300 schools participated in the competition in various ways . It proved to be far more popular in Hungary ( with a population of 10 million ) than in the UK ( with a population of 60 million ) , with 400,000 votes arriving ( as opposed to 140,000 votes in the UK competition in the corresponding period ) . Voting for the top 100 began in late February : one was allowed to vote for any novel published in Hungarian . It ended on April 23 , when the 50 `` foreign '' and 50 Hungarian most popular novels were selected . On June 11 , the top 12 novels were chosen in the framework of a television show presented by cultural celebrities . In the next months , 12 short films were made from these novels and screened in television , which competed with each other in pairs . On December 15 , the population selected their ultimate favourite by SMS and phone . The winning novel , which received the title `` the most liked novel of Hungary 2005 '' , was the same book as the result of the previous round , Eclipse of the Crescent Moon . The other two Hungarian books that participated in the final were The Paul Street Boys and Abigél .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9899176531546abcb014dbe388d9f88e", "text": "An Experiment in Criticism An Experiment in Criticism is a 1961 book by C. S. Lewis in which he proposes that the quality of books should be measured not by how they are written , but by how they are read . To do this , the author describes two kinds of readers . One is what he calls the `` unliterary '' , and the other the `` literary '' . He proceeds to outline some of the differences between these two types of readers . For example , one characterization of an unliterary reader is that the argument `` I 've read it before '' is a conclusive reason not to read a book . In contrast , literary readers reread books many times , savoring certain passages , and attempting to glean more from subsequent readings . Lewis also argued that judging books by whether they are `` lowbrow '' or `` highbrow '' is not necessarily fruitful ; many `` lowbrow '' books prove to be valuable to a literary reader willing to approach without prejudgment . He noted that books classified as `` lowbrow '' , such as science fiction , are also capable of inducing a passion to re-read and imparting experience which changes reader 's worldview . Lewis suggests that books which are capable of doing this may prove to have enduring merit regardless of their genre of origin . He suggested that attempting to judge the literary merit of books based on traditional criteria may not prove fruitful . Thus , Lewis suggests that a quality book is one that someone , anyone will re-read . A highbrow view that such a book is poor quality has failed to appreciate whatever qualities merit re-reading by someone .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2a9e8c479b901e51890a1d2e7a31c5d1", "text": "The Tale of Two Bad Mice The Tale of Two Bad Mice is a children 's book written and illustrated by Beatrix Potter , and published by Frederick Warne & Co. in September 1904 . Potter took inspiration for the tale from two mice caught in a cage-trap in her cousin 's home and a dollhouse being constructed by her editor and publisher Norman Warne as a Christmas gift for his niece Winifred . While the tale was being developed , Potter and Warne fell in love and became engaged , much to the annoyance of Potter 's parents , who were grooming their daughter to be a permanent resident and housekeeper in their London home . The tale is about two mice who vandalize a dollhouse . After finding the food on the dining room table made of plaster , they smash the dishes , throw the doll clothing out the window , tear the bolster , and carry off a number of articles to their mouse-hole . When the little girl who owns the dollhouse discovers the destruction , she positions a policeman doll outside the front door to ward off any future depredation . The two mice atone for their crime spree by putting a crooked sixpence in the doll 's stocking on Christmas Eve and sweeping the house every morning with a dust-pan and broom . The tale 's themes of rebellion , insurrection , and individualism reflect not only Potter 's desire to free herself of her domineering parents and build a home of her own , but her fears about independence and her frustrations with Victorian domesticity . The book was critically well received and brought Potter her first fan letter from America . The tale was adapted to a segment in the 1971 Royal Ballet film The Tales of Beatrix Potter and to an animated episode in the BBC series The World of Peter Rabbit and Friends . Merchandise inspired by the tale includes Beswick Pottery porcelain figurines and Schmid music boxes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da321c0d37dd34d064a313286ff15be8", "text": "List of The New York Times Manga Best Sellers The New York Times Best Seller list for manga published in the United States was introduced on March 5 , 2009 , along with two additional lists for hardcover and paperback graphic novels . The three lists are grouped under the `` Graphic Books '' category . Deborah Hoffman , an editor for the Best Seller lists , explained that the term `` Graphic Books '' was selected to create an `` inclusive and expansive '' list which can extend to works of both fiction and non-fiction . Journalist George Gustines announced , in his introduction of the new lists , `` Comics have finally joined the mainstream . '' The announcement was made the week the film Watchmen , based on the comic book of the same name , was released in movie theaters throughout the U.S. . The Best Seller lists are printed weekly in The New York Times Book Review magazine , which is published in the Sunday edition of The New York Times and as a stand-alone publication . Gustines explained the methodology used to determine the rankings : Rankings reflect sales of graphic novels -LSB- ... -RSB- at many thousands of venues where a wide range of books are sold nationwide . These include hundreds of independent book retailers ( statistically weighted to represent all such outlets ) ; national , regional and local chains ; online and multimedia entertainment retailers ; university , gift , supermarket , discount department stores and newsstands . In addition , these rankings also include unit sales reported by retailers nationwide that specialize in graphic novels and comic books . On multiple occasions , manga have been listed outside its designated list . Mike Kiley , then-Senior Vice President of the publisher Tokyopop , explained in 2010 that it has become more difficult to draw a distinguishing line between works that are manga and manga-inspired , such as Korean manhwa and American original English language ( OEL ) manga . A Drifting Life , an autobiographical manga by Yoshihiro Tatsumi , appeared on the May 3 , 2009 , Best Seller list for paperback graphic novels , where it ranked third . X-Men : Misfits , an original English manga based on the X-Men comic book franchise , ranked fifth at its debut on the August 30 , 2009 , paperback graphic novels list , and stayed on the chart for five consecutive weeks . The first volume of a manhwa adaptation of the popular vampire-themed Twilight novels by Stephenie Meyer remained on the hardcover graphic novels Best Seller list for 27 consecutive weeks in 2010 . In January 2017 , the Times decided to stop producing the separate manga best seller list .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d9e0b40ab107845dae5414e90e4c3615", "text": "Penguin Celebrations Penguin Celebrations was a book series released by Penguin Books in 2008 , Penguin re-released 36 modern popular works using Penguin 's distinctive late 1940s style , rebranded ` Penguin Celebrations ' . Following the 1940s style ; Green is for ` mystery ' , Orange for ` fantastic fiction ' , Pink for ` distant lands ' , Dark Blue for ` real lives ' and Purple for ` viewpoints ' . The ` Penguin Celebrations ' books are as follows : Fiction William Boyd - Any Human Heart Jonathan Coe - What a Carve Up ! Jonathan Safran Foer - Everything Is Illuminated Zoë Heller - Notes on a Scandal Nick Hornby - How to Be Good Marian Keyes - The Other Side of the Story Matthew Kneale - English Passengers Hari Kunzru - The Impressionist Marina Lewycka - A Short History of Tractors in Ukrainian Meg Rosoff - How I Live Now Ali Smith - The Accidental Zadie Smith - White Teeth Sue Townsend - Adrian Mole and the Weapons of Mass Destruction Pat Barker - Regeneration Non-fiction Noam Chomsky - Hegemony or Survival Niall Ferguson - Empire Robin Lane Fox - The Classical World Malcolm Gladwell - Blink Brian Greene - The Fabric of the Cosmos Steven Levitt and Stephen J. Dubner - Freakonomics James Lovelock - The Revenge of Gaia Eric Schlosser - Fast Food Nation Crime Donna Tartt - The Secret History P. D. James - A Certain Justice John Mortimer - Rumpole and the Penge Bungalow Murders Alex Garland - The Beach Barbara Vine - The Chimney-sweeper 's Boy Travel and adventure Ryszard Kapuściński - The Shadow of the Sun Redmond O'Hanlon - Congo Journey Paul Theroux - Dark Star Safari Biography Charles Nicholl - Leonardo da Vinci : Flights of the Mind Claire Tomalin - Jane Austen : A Life Jeremy Paxman - The English Essays Alain de Botton - The Consolations of Philosophy Jeremy Clarkson - The World According to Clarkson Alistair Cooke - Letter from America", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aba83b6839c3be76992297635c41f168", "text": "The King of Elfland's Daughter The King of Elfland 's Daughter is a 1924 fantasy novel written by Lord Dunsany . It is widely recognized as one of the most influential and acclaimed works in all of fantasy literature . Although the novel faded into relative obscurity following its initial release , it found new longevity and wider critical acclaim when a paperback edition was released in 1969 as the second volume of the Ballantine Adult Fantasy series . It has also been included in a more recent series of books reprinting the best of modern fantasy , the Fantasy Masterworks series . While seen as highly influential upon the genre as a whole , the novel was particularly formative in the ( later-named ) subgenres of fairytale fantasy and high fantasy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0cb1b42e0a949eaf2cee3dadcf286880", "text": "Southern Ontario Gothic Southern Ontario Gothic is a subgenre of the Gothic novel genre and a feature of Canadian literature that comes from Southern Ontario . This region includes Toronto , Southern Ontario 's major industrial cities ( Windsor , London , Hamilton , St. Thomas , Oshawa , St. Catharines ) , and the surrounding countryside . While the genre may also feature other areas of Ontario , Canada , and the world as narrative locales , this region provides the core settings . The term was first used in Graeme Gibson 's Eleven Canadian Novelists ( 1972 ) to recognize an existing tendency to apply aspects of the Gothic novel to writing based in and around Southern Ontario . In an interview with Timothy Findley , Gibson commented that Findley 's novel The Last of the Crazy People shared similarities with the American Southern Gothic genre , to which Findley replied , '' ... sure , it 's Southern Gothic : Southern Ontario Gothic . '' Notable writers of this subgenre include Alice Munro , Margaret Atwood , Robertson Davies , Jane Urquhart , Marian Engel , James Reaney and Barbara Gowdy . Like the Southern Gothic of American writers such as William Faulkner , Flannery O'Connor and Eudora Welty , Southern Ontario Gothic analyzes and critiques social conditions such as race , gender , religion and politics , but in a Southern Ontario context . Southern Ontario Gothic is generally characterized by a stern realism set against the dour small-town Protestant morality stereotypical of the region , and often has underlying themes of moral hypocrisy . Actions and people that act against humanity , logic , and morality all are portrayed unfavourably , and one or more characters may be suffering from some form of mental illness . In a review of Alice Munro 's Dear Life for Quill & Quire , literary critic James Grainger writes that `` Violence , illness , and reputations ruined by a single indiscretion are accepted in Munro 's secretive , repressed communities as a kind of levelling mechanism , rough justice for those who dare to strive for something finer . '' The Gothic novel has traditionally examined the role of evil in the human soul , and has incorporated dark or horrific imagery to create the desired setting . Some ( but not all ) writers of Southern Ontario Gothic use supernatural or magic realist elements ; a few deviate from realism entirely , in the manner of the fantastical gothic novel . Virtually all dwell to a certain extent upon the grotesque . Notable works of the genre include Davies ' Deptford Trilogy , Findley 's Headhunter , Atwood 's Alias Grace and The Blind Assassin , and Munro 's Selected Stories . The genre has been criticised as having `` little or nothing to distinguish it from everyday , garden-variety type realism . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "deb282f594508b3a4464fbc0bf92cd48", "text": "Pan Book of Horror Stories The Pan Book of Horror Stories was a paperback series of short horror story anthologies published by Pan Books Ltd. . The series ran to thirty volumes , the first published in 1959 . The series was initially collected and edited by Herbert Van Thal . On Van Thal 's death Clarence Paget edited the series , from volume twenty-six until its demise with volume thirty in 1989 . The early editions of the Pan Book of Horror Stories were notable for their lurid cover art and Van Thal 's introduction of stories by new authors alongside classics of the genre . The first edition included works by Peter Fleming , Muriel Spark , Bram Stoker and C. S. Forester . Later volumes featured Ray Bradbury and Lord Dunsany among others . Basil Copper made his debut in fifth volume , with the story `` The Spider '' . The series also published work by Charles Birkin , R. Chetwynd-Hayes and Alex Hamilton . After volume nine , Van Thal placed a heavier reliance on new authors . The series grew in popularity and was the stepping stone for much new talent . In the 1970s , the increasingly violent content of the Pan Books provoked some controversy . In the early eighties a slow decline in standards was observed . Popularity rose again in the late eighties but a multitude of reprint stories from Stephen King and a severe slide in quality ended the iconic series in 1989 . The last book is now a rare collectors item , due to the small print run it received . A U.S Edition of the first Pan book was released by Gold Medal , an imprint of Fawcett Publications and books 3 - 5 were released by Berkley Medallion . While the first book was complete in its contents - the other three books gave only a small selection of its UK counterparts . There is no evidence to support PBoH # 2 ever having a US release . Screaming Terror published under the Arthur Baker imprint is a collection from the first three Pan Book of Horror Stories and is also edited by Herbert Van Thal .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5adc5e84e1a9a2bd6ba76fef1b05f07f", "text": "A Wizard of Earthsea A Wizard of Earthsea is a young adult fantasy novel written by the American author Ursula K. Le Guin , first published by the small press Parnassus in 1968 . The novel received highly positive reviews , initially as a work for children , and later among a general audience as well . Set in the fictional archipelago of Earthsea , the story centers around a young mage named Ged , born in a village on the island Gont . Displaying great power while still a boy , he joins the school of wizardry , where his prickly nature drives him into conflict with one of his fellows . During a magical duel , Ged 's spell goes awry and releases a shadow creature that attacks him . The novel follows his journey as he seeks to be free of the creature . The book has often been described as a Bildungsroman or coming of age story , as it explores Ged 's process of learning to cope with power and come to terms with death . The novel also carries Taoist themes about a fundamental balance in the universe of Earthsea , which wizards are supposed to maintain , closely tied to the idea that language and names have power to affect the material world and alter this balance . Although the structure of the story is similar to that of a traditional epic , critics also described it as subverting this genre in many ways , such as by making the protagonist dark-skinned , in comparison to more typical white-skinned heroes . A Wizard of Earthsea is widely regarded as a classic of fantasy and young-adult literature and was one of the final recipients of the Lewis Carroll Shelf Award . The book was widely influential within the genre of fantasy ; Margaret Atwood , for instance , called A Wizard of Earthsea one of the `` wellsprings '' of fantasy literature . Le Guin would later write five subsequent books that , together with A Wizard of Earthsea , are referred to as the Earthsea Cycle : The Tombs of Atuan ( 1971 ) , The Farthest Shore ( 1972 ) , Tehanu ( 1990 ) , The Other Wind ( 2001 ) , and Tales from Earthsea ( 2001 ) . George Slusser has described the series as a `` work of high style and imagination '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e6c6b75d232d605a21d273483bbab25a", "text": "Timeline of Shakespeare criticism Timeline of Shakespeare criticism is an informal term that presents a chronological collection of critical quotations about William Shakespeare and his works , which illustrate the article Shakespeare 's reputation . Shakespeare enjoyed recognition in his own time , but in the 17th century , poets and authors began to consider him as the supreme dramatist and poet of all times of the English language . In fact , even today , no other dramatist has been performed even remotely as often on the British ( and later the world ) stage as Shakespeare Since then , several editors and critics of theater began to focus on the dramatic text and the language of Shakespeare , creating a study that focused on extracting all the power of his literary texts , being used in studies on the printed page rather than in the theater . This attitude reached a high point with the Romantics , which saw his figure as a genius , prophet , and Bard -- and continued important in the last century , receiving analysis not only by poets and authors , but also by psychoanalysts , psychologists and philosophers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a0ebaa0958faf74ed889a8faef2953f8", "text": "Ghost Story Society The Ghost Story Society was a not-for-profit literary society whose members shared an interest in supernatural fiction . Founded in Britain in 1988 by Rosemary Pardoe , Jeffrey Dempsey , David Cowperthwaite and Mark Valentine , it had an international membership and was later administered by joint organizers Christopher Roden and Barbara Roden , owners of Ash-Tree Press , with the assistance of David G. Rowlands , Richard Dalby , Jan Arter , and Roger Dobson . It has not been active since 2007 . The society produced the journal All Hallows , which featured new ghostly fiction , along with studies of the works and lives of such authors of classic ghost stories as M. R. James , J. Sheridan Le Fanu , Algernon Blackwood , H. Russell Wakefield , E. F. Benson , A. N. L. Munby , and R. R. Ryan , as well as more recent authors such as Robert Aickman , Elizabeth Jane Howard , Terry Lamsley , and Jonathan Aycliffe . It also included detailed reviews and notices of recent ghostly publications and films , letters from members , and a column by Ramsey Campbell . All Hallows received the 2003 International Horror Guild Award for best periodical .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "471988de30007725fde9ab307a52eab4", "text": "Culture of the United Kingdom The culture of the United Kingdom is influenced by the UK 's history as a developed island country , a liberal democracy and a major power ; its predominantly Christian religious life ; and its composition of four countries -- England , Wales , Scotland and Northern Ireland -- each of which has distinct customs , cultures and symbolism . The wider culture of Europe has also influenced British culture , and Humanism , Protestantism and representative democracy developed from broader Western culture . British literature , music , cinema , art , theatre , comedy , media , television , philosophy , architecture and education are important aspects of British culture . The United Kingdom is also prominent in science and technology , producing world-leading scientists ( e.g. Isaac Newton and Charles Darwin ) and inventions . Sport is an important part of British culture ; numerous sports originated in the country , including football . The UK has been described as a `` cultural superpower '' , and London has been described as a world cultural capital . The Industrial Revolution , which started in the UK , had a profound effect on the socio-economic and cultural conditions of the world . As a result of the British Empire , significant British influence can be observed in the language , law , culture and institutions of a geographically wide assortment of countries , including Australia , Canada , India , the Republic of Ireland , New Zealand , Nigeria , Pakistan , South Africa , the United States and English speaking Caribbean nations . These states are sometimes collectively known as the Anglosphere , and are among Britain 's closest allies . In turn the empire also influenced British culture , particularly British cuisine . The cultures of England , Scotland , Wales and Northern Ireland are diverse and have varying degrees of overlap and distinctiveness .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b8cdeaccd00bb2867e8043061d9f3211", "text": "Novel in Scotland The novel in Scotland includes all long prose fiction published in Scotland and by Scottish authors since the development of the literary format in the eighteenth century . The novel was soon a major element of Scottish literary and critical life . Tobias Smollett 's picaresque novels , such as The Adventures of Roderick Random and The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle mean that he is often seen as Scotland 's first novelist . Other Scots who contributed to the development of the novel in the eighteenth century include Henry Mackenzie and John Moore . There was a tradition of moral and domestic fiction in the early nineteenth century that included the work of Elizabeth Hamilton , Mary Brunton and Christian Johnstone . The outstanding literary figure of the early nineteenth century was Walter Scott , whose Waverley is often called the first historical novel . He had a major worldwide influence . His success led to a publishing boom in Scotland . Major figures that benefited included James Hogg , John Galt , John Gibson Lockhart , John Wilson and Susan Ferrier . In the mid-nineteenth century major literary figures that contributed to the development of the novel included David Macbeth Moir , John Stuart Blackie , William Edmondstoune Aytoun and Margaret Oliphant . In the late nineteenth century , a number of Scottish-born authors achieved international reputations , including Robert Louis Stevenson and Arthur Conan Doyle , whose Sherlock Holmes stories helped found the tradition of detective fiction . In the last two decades of the century the `` kailyard school '' ( cabbage patch ) depicted Scotland in a rural and nostalgic fashion , often seen as a `` failure of nerve '' in dealing with the rapid changes that had swept across Scotland in the industrial revolution . Figures associated with the movement include Ian Maclaren , S. R. Crockett and J. M. Barrie , best known for his creation of Peter Pan , which helped develop the genre of fantasy , as did the work of George MacDonald . Among the most important novels of the early twentieth century was The House with the Green Shutters by George Douglas Brown , which broke with the Kailyard tradition . John Buchan played a major role in the creation of the modern thriller with The Thirty-Nine Steps and Greenmantle . The Scottish literary Renaissance attempted to introduce modernism into art and create of a distinctive national literature . It increasingly focused on the novel . Major figures included Neil Gunn , George Blake , A. J. Cronin , Eric Linklater and Lewis Grassic Gibbon . There were also a large number of female authors associated with the movement , who included Catherine Carswell , Willa Muir , Nan Shepherd and Naomi Mitchison . Many major Scottish post-war novelists , such as Robin Jenkins , Jessie Kesson , Muriel Spark , Alexander Trocchi and James Kennaway spent most of their lives outside Scotland , but often dealt with Scottish themes . Successful mass-market works included the action novels of Alistair MacLean and the historical fiction of Dorothy Dunnett . A younger generation of novelists that emerged in the 1960s and 1970s included Allan Massie , Shena Mackay and Alan Spence . Working class identity continued to be explored by Archie Hind , Alan Sharp , George Friel and William McIlvanney . From the 1980s Scottish literature enjoyed another major revival , with figures including Alasdair Gray , James Kelman , Irvine Welsh , Alan Warner , Janice Galloway , A. L. Kennedy , Iain Banks , Candia McWilliam , Frank Kuppner and Andrew O'Hagan . In genre fiction Iain Banks , writing as Iain M. Banks , produced ground-breaking science fiction and Scottish crime fiction has been a major area of growth with the success of novelists including Frederic Lindsay , Quintin Jardine , Val McDermid , Denise Mina , Christopher Brookmyre , and particularly Ian Rankin and his Inspector Rebus novels . The most successful author of Scottish origins in recent years has been J. K. Rowling , author of the Harry Potter series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "35885d23808908b2aec855f4172f2398", "text": "The Famous Five (series) The Famous Five is the name of a series of children 's adventure novels written by English author Enid Blyton . The first book , Five on a Treasure Island , was published in 1942 . The novels feature the adventures of a group of young children -- Julian , Dick , Anne and Georgina ( George ) -- and their dog Timmy . The stories take place in the children 's school holidays after they have returned from their respective boarding schools . Each time they meet they get caught up in an adventure , often involving criminals or lost treasure . Sometimes the scene is set close to George 's family home at Kirrin Cottage in Dorset , such as the picturesque Kirrin Island , owned by George and her family in Kirrin Bay . George 's own home and various other houses the children visit or stay in are hundreds of years old and often contain secret passages or smugglers ' tunnels . In some books the children go camping in the countryside , on a hike or holiday together elsewhere . The settings , however , are almost always rural and enable the children to discover the simple joys of cottages , islands , the English and Welsh countryside and sea shores , as well as an outdoor life of picnics , lemonade , bicycle trips and swimming . Blyton intended to write only six or eight books in the series , but owing to their high sales and immense commercial success she went on to write twenty-one full-length Famous Five novels , as well as a number of other series in similar style following groups of children discovering crime on holiday in the countryside . By the end of 1953 more than six million copies had been sold . Today , more than two million copies of the books are sold each year , making them one of the biggest-selling series for children ever written , with sales totalling over a hundred million . All the novels have been adapted for television , and several have been adapted as films in various countries . Blyton 's publisher , Hodder & Stoughton , first used the term `` The Famous Five '' in 1951 , after nine books in the series had been published . Before this , the series was referred to as `` The ` Fives ' Books '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "de592e967bc6f7d8e29eb17db7435a6d", "text": "Welsh literature in English Anglo-Welsh literature and Welsh writing in English are terms used to describe works written in the English language by Welsh writers . It has been recognised as a distinctive entity only since the 20th century . The need for a separate identity for this kind of writing arose because of the parallel development of modern Welsh-language literature ; as such it is perhaps the youngest branch of English-language literature in the British Isles . Welsh writers in English have traditionally favoured the short story form over the novel for two main reasons : in a society lacking sufficient wealth to support professional writers , the amateur writer was able to spare time only for short bursts of creativity ; and , like poetry , it concentrated linguistic delight and exuberance . However , the genre did not develop in these writers much beyond its origin in rural sketches . Satire was avoided , and , since the main market was London publishers , the short stories tended to focus on the eccentricities ( as seen from a metropolitan viewpoint ) of Welsh life .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c6d0d2b7726f3f1f34c679f08d790117", "text": "Book of Shadows A Book of Shadows is a book containing religious texts and instructions for magical rituals found within the Neopagan religion of Wicca.Throughout the centuries many practicing witches would account their knowledge in their Book Of Shadows , however once witches were threatened by the prospect of being executed many , wisely , stopped and destroyed their BoS in order to stay safe and alive . However there are still several books that have managed to survived through history . One famous Book of Shadows was created by the pioneering Wiccan Gerald Gardner sometime in the late 1940s or early 1950s , and which he utilised first in his Bricket Wood coven and then in other covens which he founded in following decades . The Book of Shadows is also used by other Wiccan traditions , such as Alexandrianism and Mohsianism , and with the rise of books teaching people how to begin following Wicca in the 1970s onward , the idea of the Book of Shadows was then further propagated amongst solitary practitioners unconnected to earlier traditions . Initially , when Wicca was still dominated by covens , `` only one copy -LSB- of the Book -RSB- existed for an entire coven , kept by the high priestess or high priest . That rule has proved unfeasible , and it is -LSB- now -RSB- commonplace for all Witches to have their own copies . '' In the various traditions that make up British Traditional Wicca , copies of the original Book composed by Gerald Gardner with the aid of his High Priestess Doreen Valiente , along with alterations and additions that have been made since then , is followed by adherents . They have tried to keep the contents of this Book a secret , although it has been published on a number of occasions by figures such as Charles Cardell , Lady Sheba , and Janet and Stewart Farrar . In other Wiccan traditions and amongst a number of solitary practitioners , alternate versions of the Book have been written that are independent of Gardner 's original . Numerous associations and traditions have since grown up around the Book of Shadows . Traditionally , `` a Witch 's book of shadows is destroyed upon death . '' The concept of the Book of Shadows has subsequently appeared in popular culture , for instance being utilised in the American television series Charmed and providing the title of films , musical albums and comics . However , in all these cases it was taken out of its original Wiccan context .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f23ac95ba24964e1e15f211232fd7b7e", "text": "The Magic Mountain The Magic Mountain ( German : Der Zauberberg ) is a novel by Thomas Mann , first published in November 1924 . It is widely considered to be one of the most influential works of 20th century German literature . Mann started writing what was to become The Magic Mountain in 1912 . It began as a much shorter narrative which revisited in a comic manner aspects of Death in Venice , a novella that he was then preparing for publication . The newer work reflected his experiences and impressions during a period when his wife , who was suffering from a lung complaint , was confined to Dr. Friedrich Jessen 's Waldsanatorium in Davos , Switzerland for several months . In May and June 1912 Mann visited her and became acquainted with the team of doctors who were treating her in this cosmopolitan institution . According to Mann , in the afterword that was later included in the English translation , this stay became the foundation of the opening chapter ( Arrival ) of the completed novel . The outbreak of the First World War interrupted work on the book . The conflict and its aftermath led the author to undertake a major re-examination of European bourgeois society , including the sources of the willful , perverse destructiveness displayed by much of civilised humanity . He was also drawn to speculate about more general questions surrounding personal attitudes to life , health , illness , sexuality and mortality . Given this , Mann felt compelled to radically revise and expand the pre-war text before completing it in 1924 . Der Zauberberg was eventually published in two volumes by S. Fischer Verlag in Berlin . Mann 's vast composition is erudite , subtle , ambitious , but , most of all , ambiguous ; since its original publication it has been subject to a variety of critical assessments . For example , the book blends a scrupulous realism with deeper symbolic undertones . Given this complexity , each reader is obliged to weigh up the artistic significance of the pattern of events set out within the narrative , a task made more difficult by the author 's irony . Mann himself was well aware of his book 's elusiveness , but offered few clues about approaches to the text . He later compared it to a symphonic work orchestrated with a number of themes and , in a playful commentary on the problems of interpretation , recommended that those who wished to understand it should read it through twice .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "90fa4d8dce4971a2b81a7c2c64773017", "text": "Harry Potter (character) Harry James Potter is the title character and protagonist of J. K. Rowling 's Harry Potter series . The majority of the books ' plot covers seven years in the life of the orphan Potter , who , on his eleventh birthday , learns he is a wizard . Thus , he attends Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry to practise magic under the guidance of the kindly headmaster Albus Dumbledore and other school professors . Harry also discovers that he is already famous throughout the novel 's magical community , and that his fate is tied with that of Lord Voldemort , the internationally feared Dark Wizard and murderer of his parents , Lily and James .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "01eca0127bfb875a4607bf56b67f12e0", "text": "Aurealis Award for best young adult novel The Aurealis Awards are presented annually by the Australia-based Chimaera Publications and WASFF to published works to `` recognise the achievements of Australian science fiction , fantasy , horror writers '' . To qualify , a work must have been first published by an Australian citizen or permanent resident between 1 January and 31 December of the corresponding year ; the presentation ceremony is held the following year . It has grown from a small function of around 20 people to a two-day event attended by over 200 people . Since their creation in 1995 , awards have been given in various categories of speculative fiction . Categories currently include science fiction , fantasy , horror , speculative young adult fiction -- with separate awards for novels and short fiction -- collections , anthologies , illustrative works or graphic novels , children 's books , and an award for excellence in speculative fiction . The awards have attracted the attention of publishers by setting down a benchmark in science fiction and fantasy . The continued sponsorship by publishers such as HarperCollins and Orbit has added weight to the honour of the award . The results are decided by a panel of judges from a list of submitted nominees ; the long-list of nominees is reduced to a short-list of finalists . Ties can occur if the panel decides that both entries show equal merit , however they are encouraged to choose a single winner . The judges are selected from a public application process by the Award 's management team . This article lists all the short-list nominees and winners in the best young-adult novel category , as well as novels that have been highly commended . Three people have won the award twice -- Isobelle Carmody , Garth Nix and Scott Westerfeld . Westerfeld holds the record for most nominations with eight , and Rory Barnes has the most nominations without winning , having been a losing finalist five times .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad47dc43670072898442977a55502324", "text": "Character (arts) A character ( sometimes known as a fictional character ) is a person or other being in a narrative work of art ( such as a novel , play , television series , or film ) . The character may be entirely fictional or based on a real-life person , in which case the distinction of a `` fictional '' versus `` real '' character may be made . Derived from the ancient Greek word χαρακτήρ , the English word dates from the Restoration , although it became widely used after its appearance in Tom Jones in 1749 . From this , the sense of `` a part played by an actor '' developed . Character , particularly when enacted by an actor in the theatre or cinema , involves `` the illusion of being a human person . '' In literature , characters guide readers through their stories , helping them to understand plots and ponder themes . Since the end of the 18th century , the phrase `` in character '' has been used to describe an effective impersonation by an actor . Since the 19th century , the art of creating characters , as practiced by actors or writers , has been called characterisation . A character who stands as a representative of a particular class or group of people is known as a type . Types include both stock characters and those that are more fully individualised . The characters in Henrik Ibsen 's Hedda Gabler ( 1891 ) and August Strindberg 's Miss Julie ( 1888 ) , for example , are representative of specific positions in the social relations of class and gender , such that the conflicts between the characters reveal ideological conflicts . The study of a character requires an analysis of its relations with all of the other characters in the work . The individual status of a character is defined through the network of oppositions ( proairetic , pragmatic , linguistic , proxemic ) that it forms with the other characters . The relation between characters and the action of the story shifts historically , often miming shifts in society and its ideas about human individuality , self-determination , and the social order .", "title": "" } ]
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Heinrich Himmler was a leading member of the Nazi Party of France.
[ { "docid": "1c48c6f019553032a6cc4b3bf7147790", "text": "Heinrich Himmler Heinrich Luitpold Himmler ( -LSB- ˈhaɪnʁɪç ˈluˑɪtˌpɔlt ˈhɪmlɐ -RSB- ; 7 October 1900 -- 23 May 1945 ) was Reichsführer of the Schutzstaffel ( Protection Squadron ; SS ) , and a leading member of the Nazi Party ( NSDAP ) of Germany . Nazi leader Adolf Hitler briefly appointed him a military commander and later Commander of the Replacement ( Home ) Army and General Plenipotentiary for the administration of the entire Third Reich ( Generalbevollmächtigter für die Verwaltung ) . Himmler was one of the most powerful men in Nazi Germany and one of the people most directly responsible for the Holocaust . As a member of a reserve battalion during World War I , Himmler did not see active service . He studied agronomy in college , and joined the Nazi Party in 1923 and the SS in 1925 . In 1929 , he was appointed Reichsführer-SS by Hitler . Over the next 16 years , he developed the SS from a mere 290-man battalion into a million-strong paramilitary group , and , following Hitler 's orders , set up and controlled the Nazi concentration camps . He was known to have good organisational skills and for selecting highly competent subordinates , such as Reinhard Heydrich in 1931 . From 1943 onwards , he was both Chief of German Police and Minister of the Interior , overseeing all internal and external police and security forces , including the Gestapo ( Secret State Police ) . Himmler had a lifelong interest in occultism , interpreting Germanic neopagan and Völkisch beliefs to promote the racial policy of Nazi Germany , and incorporating esoteric symbolism and rituals into the SS . On Hitler 's behalf , Himmler formed the Einsatzgruppen and built extermination camps . As facilitator and overseer of the concentration camps , Himmler directed the killing of some six million Jews , between 200,000 and 500,000 Romani people , and other victims ; the total number of civilians killed by the regime is estimated at eleven to fourteen million people . Most of them were Polish and Soviet citizens . Late in World War II , Hitler charged Himmler with the command of the Army Group Upper Rhine and the Army Group Vistula ; he failed to achieve his assigned objectives and Hitler replaced him in these posts . Realising that the war was lost , he attempted to open peace talks with the western Allies without Hitler 's knowledge shortly before the war ended . Hearing of this , Hitler dismissed him from all his posts in April 1945 and ordered his arrest . Himmler attempted to go into hiding , but was detained and then arrested by British forces once his identity became known . While in British custody , he committed suicide on 23 May 1945 .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "2d76db50a068dd0ff16b438c02614079", "text": "Conversion of Jews to Catholicism during the Holocaust The conversion of Jews to Catholicism during the Holocaust is one of the most controversial aspects of the record of Pope Pius XII during The Holocaust . According to John Morley , who wrote about Vatican diplomacy during the Holocaust , `` one of the principal concerns of the Vatican , especially in the early days of the war , was those Jews who had converted to Catholicism , the so-called Catholic or Christian non-Aryans '' . Morley further argues that Pius XII was `` primarily , almost exclusively , concerned about baptized Jews '' . Moreover , Pius XII 's purported fear of reprisals against `` non-Aryan Catholics '' is often cited as a motive for his not speaking out against the Holocaust . In many Axis and Axis-occupied countries , racial legislation restricted , banned , or did not recognize the conversion of Jews to Christianity . Across Europe -- in Croatia , France , Germany , Hungary , Italy , Romania , and Slovakia -- Pius XII 's nuncios saved their staunchest protests for the effects of the various anti-Jewish laws on baptized Jews . According to Roth and Ritner , `` this is a key point because , in debates about Pius XII , his defenders regularly point to denunciations of racism and defense of Jewish converts as evidence of opposition to antisemitism of all sorts '' . The Holocaust is one of the most acute examples of the `` recurrent and acutely painful issue in the Catholic-Jewish dialogue '' , namely `` Christian efforts to convert Jews '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1b7a4dfdbb81d7619875ecdade0fd269", "text": "Gottlob Berger Gottlob Christian Berger ( 16 July 1896 -- 5 January 1975 ) was a senior German Nazi official who held the rank of SS-Obergruppenführer und General der Waffen-SS ( lieutenant general ) , and was the chief of the SS Main Office responsible for Schutzstaffel ( SS ) recruiting during World War II . Serving in the German Army during World War I , he was wounded four times and awarded the Iron Cross First Class . Immediately after the war , he was a leader of the Einwohnerwehr militia in his native North Württemberg . He joined the Nazi Party in 1922 , but lost interest in right-wing politics during the 1920s , training and working as a physical education teacher . In the late 1920s , he rejoined the Nazi Party and became a member of the paramilitary Sturmabteilung ( SA ) in 1931 . He clashed with other leaders of the SA , and joined the Allgemeine-SS in 1936 . Initially responsible for physical education in an SS region , he was soon transferred to the staff of Reichsführer-SS Heinrich Himmler as head of the sports office . In 1938 , he was appointed as head of the recruiting office of the SS Main Office ( SS-HA ) , taking over as chief of the SS-HA the following year . To a significant extent , Berger was the `` father '' of the Waffen-SS , as he not only implemented recruiting structures and policies that assisted the Waffen-SS to circumvent Wehrmacht controls over conscription , but also extended Waffen-SS recruiting first to `` Germanic '' volunteers from Scandinavia and western Europe , then Volksdeutsche ( ethnic Germans ) outside the Reich , and finally to peoples who in no way reflected Himmler 's ideas of `` racial purity '' . He consistently advocated greater ideological training for the Waffen-SS , but did not view SS ideology as a replacement for religion . He also sponsored and protected his friend Oskar Dirlewanger , whom he placed in command of a unit of convicted criminals ; the SS-Sonderkommando Dirlewanger subsequently committed many war crimes . Berger often clashed with senior officers of the Wehrmacht and even with senior Waffen-SS officers over his recruiting methods , but he took advantage of opportunities as they presented themselves in order to grow the Waffen-SS to a total of 38 divisions by war 's end . Berger undertook several other roles in the latter stages of the war , while continuing as chief of the SS-HA . He had a key role in the Reich Ministry for the Occupied Eastern Territories from mid-1942 , allowing the SS to direct much of the economic activity in the east . In this role he proposed a plan to kidnap and enslave 50,000 Eastern European children between the ages of 10 and 14 , under the codename Heuaktion , a plan that was subsequently carried out . In response to the Slovak National Uprising in August 1944 , Berger was appointed as Military Commander in Slovakia , and was in charge during the initial failure to suppress the revolt . The following month he was appointed as one of the two chiefs of staff of the Volkssturm militia , and as chief of the prisoner of war camps . In the final months of the war he commanded German forces in the Bavarian Alps , which included remnants of several of the Waffen-SS units he had helped recruit . He surrendered to U.S. troops near Berchtesgaden , and was promptly arrested . He was tried and convicted in the Ministries Trial of the U.S. Nuremberg Military Tribunals for war crimes , and was sentenced to 25 years imprisonment . His sentence was soon reduced to 10 years , and he was released after serving six and a half years . After release he advocated for the rehabilitation of the Waffen-SS and worked in several manufacturing businesses . He died in his hometown in 1975 . Described as blustery , cynical , and `` one of Himmler 's most competent and trusted war-time lieutenants '' , Berger was also an ardent anti-Semite and a skilled and unscrupulous bureaucratic manipulator . Due to his organisational and recruiting skills , Berger was kept as the chief of the SS-HA throughout the war .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d8992ff9b2c9cc1c628a6b1447404e41", "text": "German resistance to Nazism German resistance to Nazism ( German : Widerstand ) was the opposition by individuals and groups in Germany to the National Socialist regime between 1933 and 1945 . Some of these engaged in active plans to remove Adolf Hitler from power and overthrow his regime . The term German resistance should not be understood as meaning that there was a united resistance movement in Germany at any time during the Nazi period , analogous to the more coordinated Polish Underground State , Greek Resistance , Yugoslav Partisans , French Resistance , Dutch Resistance , Norwegian resistance movement and Italian Resistance . The German resistance consisted of small and usually isolated groups . They were unable to mobilize political opposition . Save for individual attacks on Nazis ( including Hitler ) or sabotage acts , the only real strategy was to persuade leaders of the Wehrmacht to stage a coup against the regime : the 1944 assassination attempt against Hitler was intended to trigger such a coup . Approximately 77,000 German citizens were killed for one or another form of resistance by Special Courts , courts-martial , People 's Court and the civil justice system . Many of these Germans had served in government , the military , or in civil positions , which enabled them to engage in subversion and conspiracy ; in addition the Canadian historian Peter Hoffman counts unspecified `` tens of thousands '' in concentration camps who were either suspected or actually engaged in opposition . By contrast , the German historian Hans Mommsen wrote that resistance in Germany was `` resistance without the people '' and that the number of those Germans engaged in resistance to the Nazi regime was very small . The resistance in Germany included German citizens of non-German ethnicity , such as members of the Polish minority who formed resistance groups like Olimp .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b0c6ec27c26060a60c3dbec65aabe79a", "text": "Ideology of the SS The ideology espoused by the Schutzstaffel ( `` Protection Squadron '' ; SS ) , a paramilitary force and instrument of terror of the Nazi Party in Nazi Germany , emphasized a racist vision of `` racial purity '' , antisemitism , and loyalty to Adolf Hitler and Nazi Germany . SS men were indoctrinated with the belief they were members of a `` master race '' . The ideology of the SS was , even more so than in Nazism in general , built on the belief in a superior `` Aryan race '' . This led to the SS playing the main role in political violence and crimes against humanity , including the Holocaust and `` mercy killing '' of those with congenital illnesses . After the defeat of Nazi Germany in World War II , the SS and Nazi Party were found to be criminal organizations at the Nuremberg Trials .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "30390fee3b7b35529864dacd9a0dffc7", "text": "French Communist Group The French Communist Group was a small organization of French residents in Russia , founded in Moscow in October 1918 . One of the founders , Jacques Sadoul , had been a French infantry soldier in Russia during World War I but had joined the Red Army and became an organized communist . Prominent members of the French Communist Group included Jacques Sadoul , Pierre Pascal , Suzanne Girault and Henri Guilbeaux . The group was affiliated to the Federation of Foreign Groups of the Russian Communist Party ( Bolsheviks ) . Although the organization was small , it was able to play an important role in educational work that enabled mutinies amongst French interventionist troops in Russia in 1919 . The French Communist Group published the weekly newspaper La Troisième Internationale between October 1918 and March 1919 . The newspaper had as its stated goal to promote `` the enlightenment of the workers of France , Belgium and Switzerland about the Russian Revolution ; agitation among French soldiers at the front in Russia , the organization of French , Belgian and Swiss workers living in Russia . '' The group was represented by Jacques Sadoul at the founding congress of the Communist International in March 1919 . Sadoul participated as a consultative delegate . The group was torn apart by internal differences and squabbles between Guilbeaux and Sadoul . Victor Serge , who used to assist the meetings of the group in 1920 and 1921 , described it as a `` little nest of vipers '' . One of the members of the group , the school teacher Jeanne Labourbe , was executed by French troops in Odessa in 1919 . Labourbe would be iconized as a communist martyr . Suzanne Girault , who would later become a leading figure in the French Communist Party , became the secretary of the French Communist Group in Kiev in 1919 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a912c1729b7a814d35605475ac21fb8f", "text": "Antisemitic League of France The Antisemitic League of France ( Ligue antisémitique de France ) was founded in 1889 by the journalist Edouard Drumont . First known under the name of Ligue nationale antisémitique de France ( National Antisemitic League of France ) or Ligue antisémite française ( French Antisemitic League ) , this nationalist league was particularly active during the Dreyfus Affair . Beside spreading anti-Semitic propaganda , the League was also anti-Masonry and anti-Communist . It had as general delegates Jacques de Biez . Jules Guérin was an active member of it . The League was located on rue Lepic in Paris . Its 1889 foundation was inspired by the success of Drumont 's antisemitic pamphlet La France juive ( 1886 ) , and also by the Boulangist crisis . It was supported by newspapers such as Drumont 's La Libre Parole ; Jules Guérin 's French weekly L'Antijuif ( fr ) ( Paris , 1896-1902 ) ; the daily La Cocarde ( fr ) ( 1888-1907 ) founded by Georges de Labruyère ( fr ) and edited September 1894 - March 1895 by Maurice Barrès ; Henri Rochefort 's L'Intransigeant ; and the Catholic newspaper La Croix . Beside propaganda , the League also organized antisemitic demonstrations and provoked some riots , a method later generalized by the far-right leagues in France . It denounced the Panama scandals , took side against Alfred Dreyfus and spread conspiracy theories concerning the Masonry 's alleged activities in the Third Republic . After a disagreement between Drumont and Guérin in 1899 , the League became , under the direction of Guérin , the Grand Occident de France , still antisemitic but even more anti-Masonic , the name itself being a reaction against the Masonic Grand Orient de France . It was thereafter essentially linked to Guérin 's newspaper , L'Antijuif . The League progressively disappeared after the `` Fort Chabrol '' affair and the arrest of Guérin . After an initial surge during the Dreyfus Affair , far right leagues appeared again during the interwar period .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d52d5511fd8785275f665389a0716d80", "text": "Emanuel Schäfer Emanuel Schäfer ( April 20 , 1900 -- December 4 , 1974 ) was a high-ranking SS functionary ( SS-Oberführer ) and a protégé of Reinhard Heydrich in Nazi Germany . Born in 1900 , Schäfer served in World War I. Post-war , he participated in far-right Freikorps groups such as the Marinebrigade Ehrhardt and from 1925 -- 28 , the Stahlhelm ( Steel Helmet ) . Schäfer joined the paramilitary Sturmabteilung ( SA ) in 1933 . He was an active member of the Sicherheitsdienst ( SD ) , the SS security service , in 1933 , and entered the SS in September 1936 . During World War II , Schäfer was head of the Nazi security police in Serbia . Between January and May 1942 , Schäfer supervised the murder by gassing of around 7,300 Jews from the Semlin camp across the Sava river from Belgrade . A Saurer gas van was used to kill the 7,300 . A further 1200 Jews died as a result of the camp 's harsh conditions , or from executions . The van was used for the last time on 10th May 1942 . In May 1942 , Schäfer sent a cable to the Reich Main Security Office boasting `` with pride '' that `` Belgrade was the only great city in Europe that was free of Jews . '' In Germany after the war , Schäfer was sentenced to six and a half years in prison for his crimes during the war . He died in 1974 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "39ea9c7a6519e8764b8ce6f6a559f886", "text": "France France ( -LSB- fʁɑ̃s -RSB- ) , officially the French Republic ( -LSB- ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛz -RSB- ) , is a country with territory in western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . The European , or metropolitan , area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . Overseas France include French Guiana on the South American continent and several island territories in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . France spans 643801 km2 and had a total population of almost 67 million people as of January 2017 . It is a unitary semi-presidential republic with the capital in Paris , the country 's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban centres include Marseille , Lyon , Lille , Nice , Toulouse and Bordeaux . During the Iron Age , what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls , a Celtic people . The area was annexed in 51 BC by Rome , which held Gaul until 486 , when the Germanic Franks conquered the region and formed the Kingdom of France . France emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages , with its victory in the Hundred Years ' War ( 1337 to 1453 ) strengthening state-building and political centralisation . During the Renaissance , French culture flourished and a global colonial empire was established , which by the 20th century would be the second largest in the world . The 16th century was dominated by religious civil wars between Catholics and Protestants ( Huguenots ) . France became Europe 's dominant cultural , political , and military power under Louis XIV . In the late 18th century , the French Revolution overthrew the absolute monarchy , established one of modern history 's earliest republics , and saw the drafting of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen , which expresses the nation 's ideals to this day . In the 19th century Napoleon took power and established the First French Empire , whose subsequent Napoleonic Wars shaped the course of continental Europe . Following the collapse of the Empire , France endured a tumultuous succession of governments culminating with the establishment of the French Third Republic in 1870 . France was a major participant in the First World War , from which it emerged victorious , and was one of the Allied Powers in the Second World War , but came under occupation by the Axis Powers in 1940 . Following liberation in 1944 , a Fourth Republic was established and later dissolved in the course of the Algerian War . The Fifth Republic , led by Charles de Gaulle , was formed in 1958 and remains to this day . Algeria and nearly all the other colonies became independent in the 1960s and typically retained close economic and military connections with France . France has long been a global centre of art , science , and philosophy . It hosts Europe 's fourth-largest number of cultural UNESCO World Heritage Sites and receives around 83 million foreign tourists annually , the most of any country in the world . France is a developed country with the world 's sixth-largest economy by nominal GDP and ninth-largest by purchasing power parity . In terms of aggregate household wealth , it ranks fourth in the world . France performs well in international rankings of education , health care , life expectancy , and human development . France remains a great power in the world , being one of the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council with the power to veto and an official nuclear-weapon state . It is a leading member state of the European Union and the Eurozone . It is also a member of the Group of 7 , North Atlantic Treaty Organization ( NATO ) , Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ( OECD ) , the World Trade Organization ( WTO ) , and La Francophonie .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eac75556bfbf082173db0cebea2d4045", "text": "Ascq massacre The Ascq massacre is a massacre of 86 men on 1 April 1944 in Ascq , France , by the Waffen-SS during the Second World War . The 12th SS Panzer Division Hitlerjugend set out by rail for Normandy at the end of March , 1944 . On 1 April , their train was approaching the gare d'Ascq , a junction where three railroads intersected , when an explosion blew the line apart , causing two cars to derail . The commander of the convoy , SS Obersturmführer Walter Hauck , ordered troops to search and arrest all male members of the houses on both sides of the track . Altogether 70 men were shot beside the railway line and another 16 killed in the village itself . Six other men were arrested , charged with bomb attack after an investigation by the Gestapo , and finally executed by firing squad . At the end of the war , some SS men stood trial in a French Military Court at Lille . They were sentenced to death ; later their sentences were commuted to imprisonment . The last prisoner Walter Hauck was released in July 1957 . Hauck also instigated a similar massacre in Leskovice in May 1945 . After the massacre , 60,000 workers started a strike in Lille -- which is one of the most important demonstration in France during the World War II under German occupation -- and minimum 20,000 people were present at the funerals in the village .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "018dbcfea7e664482df3b8e7c00f2f93", "text": "Right-wing politics Right-wing politics hold that certain social orders and hierarchies are inevitable , natural , normal , or desirable , typically supporting this position on the basis of natural law , economics or tradition . Hierarchy and inequality may be viewed as natural results of traditional social differences or the competition in market economies . The term right-wing can generally refer to `` the conservative or reactionary section of a political party or system . '' The political terms Right and Left were first used during the French Revolution ( 1789 -- 99 ) , and referred to seating arrangements in the French parliament ; those who sat to the right of the chair of the parliamentary president were broadly supportive of the institutions of the monarchist Ancien Régime . The original Right in France was formed as a reaction against the Left , and comprised those politicians supporting hierarchy , tradition , and clericalism . The use of the expression la droite ( the right ) became prominent in France after the restoration of the monarchy in 1815 , when it was applied to the Ultra-royalists . The people of English-speaking countries did not apply the terms `` right '' and `` left '' to their own politics until the 20th century . Although the right-wing originated with traditional conservatives , monarchists and reactionaries , the term extreme right-wing has also been applied to movements including fascists , Nazis , and racial supremacists . From the 1830s to the 1880s , there was a shift in the Western world of social class structure and the economy , moving away from nobility and aristocracy towards capitalism . This general economic shift toward capitalism affected centre right movements such as the British Conservative Party , which responded by becoming supportive of capitalism . In the United States , the Right includes both economic and social conservatives . In Europe , economic conservatives are usually considered liberal , and the Right includes nationalists , nativist opposition to immigration , religious conservatives , and historically a significant presence of right-wing movements with anti-capitalist sentiments including conservatives and fascists who opposed what they saw as the selfishness and excessive materialism inherent in contemporary capitalism .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ef35041cbc300f067b82ccd6163ca406", "text": "Final Solution The Final Solution ( Endlösung ) or the Final Solution to the Jewish Question ( die Endlösung der Judenfrage , -LSB- diː ˈɛntˌløːzʊŋ deːɐ̯ ˈjuːdn̩ˌfʁaːɡə -RSB- ) was a Nazi plan for the extermination of the Jews during World War II . The `` Final Solution of the Jewish Question '' was the Nazi code name for the plan to murder all Jews within reach , and was not limited to the European continent . This policy of deliberate and systematic genocide started across German-occupied Europe was formulated in procedural and geo-political terms by Nazi leadership in January 1942 at the Wannsee Conference near Berlin , and culminated in the Holocaust which saw the killing of 90 percent of Jewish Poles , and two-thirds of the Jewish population of Europe . The nature and timing of the decisions that led to the Final Solution is an intensely studied and debated aspect of the Holocaust . The program evolved during the first 25 months of war leading to the attempt at `` murdering every last Jew in the German grasp . '' Most historians agree , wrote Christopher Browning , that the Final Solution can not be attributed to a single decision made at one particular point in time . `` It is generally accepted the decision-making process was prolonged and incremental . '' In 1940 , following the Fall of France , the Madagascar Plan was devised by Adolf Eichmann in order to relocate Europe 's Jewish population to the French colony ; but the plan was abandoned for logistical reasons mainly due to a naval blockade . There were also preliminary plans to deport Jews to Palestine and Siberia . In 1941 , wrote Raul Hilberg , in the first phase of the mass murder of Jews , the mobile killing units began to pursue their victims across occupied eastern territories ; in the second phase , stretching across all of German-occupied Europe , the Jewish victims were sent on death trains to centralized extermination camps built for the purpose of systematic implementation of the Final Solution .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4bb9084a2bec78f8bad44f1f258bd17", "text": "Democratic Republican Alliance The Democratic Alliance ( Alliance démocratique , AD ) , originally called Democratic Republican Alliance ( Alliance républicaine démocratique , ARD ) , was a French political party ( 1901 -- 1978 ) created in 1901 by followers of Léon Gambetta , such as Raymond Poincaré who would be president of the Council in the 1920s . The party was at first conceived by members of the Radical-Socialist Party tied to the business world who united themselves in May 1901 , along with many moderates , as gathering center-left liberals and `` Opportunist '' Republicans ( Gambetta , etc. ) . However , after World War I and the parliamentary disappearance of monarchists and Bonapartists , it quickly became the main center-right party of the Third Republic . It was part of the National Bloc right-wing coalition which won the elections after the end of the war . The ARD successively took the name Parti Républicain Démocratique ( Democratic Republican Party , PRD ) then Parti Républicain Démocratique et Social ( `` Social and Republican Democratic Party '' ) , before becoming again the AD . The ARD was largely discredited after supporting the Vichy regime during World War II , an option strongly supported by its major leader Pierre-Étienne Flandin and other members such as Joseph Barthélémy . The center-right party tried to reform itself under the direction of Joseph Laniel , who had taken part in the Resistance . It temporarily joined the RGR ( Rassemblement des gauches républicaines ) , before merging into the Centre national des indépendants et paysans ( CNIP , National Center of Independents and Peasants ) . The AD , which in contrast to the French Section of the Workers ' International ( SFIO ) or the French Communist Party ( PCF ) never became a mass political party founded on voting discipline ( in these left-wing parties , deputies usually vote in agreement with the party 's consensus ) , turned at that time in little more than an intellectual circle , whose members met during suppers . However , it was dissolved in only 1978 , long after its effective disappearance from the political scene . Under the Third Republic , the majority of the AD 's deputies sat in the `` Left Republicans '' ( Républicain de Gauche ) group , the main center-right parliamentary formation ( due to a particularity called `` sinistrisme '' , French right-wing politicians have for a very long time refused to admit belonging to the right-wing , as the Republic was traditionally associated with the left-wing and the right-wing with monarchists such as the Legitimists or the Orleanists ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e507e37bcc8037ddf6bc439073718d2", "text": "Frankfurt Documents thumb | right | 200px | Members of the Frankfurt conference Frankfurt Documents were a series of documents which were an important step on the way to the founding of the Federal Republic of Germany . On July 1 , 1948 the representatives of the Western allied occupation forces handed over a number of documents to the prime ministers and two ruling mayors from the western zones of occupation , in which the recommendations were made , including establishing a West German state . The main problem of these recommendations was that they did not provide all-German solution , but only a West German state . The Frankfurt documents formed a working basis for the work on the Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany . They were created at the London 6-Power Conference in early 1948 . The handover took place in the IG Farben Building in Frankfurt am Main , and the documents took the name of this town . The military governors Lucius D. Clay ( United States ) , Marie-Pierre Koenig ( France ) and Sir Brian Robertson ( UK ) issued an order establishing a western German state . Present were Peter Altmeier ( Rhineland-Palatinate ) , Karl Arnold ( North Rhine-Westphalia ) , Lawrence Bock ( Württemberg-Hohenzollern ) , Max Brauer ( Hamburg ) , Hans Ehard ( Bavaria ) , Wilhelm Kaisen ( Bremen ) , Hinrich Wilhelm Kopf ( Lower Saxony ) , Hermann Lüdemann ( Schleswig-Holstein ) , Reinhold Maier ( Württemberg-Baden ) , Christian Stock ( Hessen ) and Leo Wohleb ( Baden ) . A West German state was to be established under the following conditions : There should be a constitutional convention ( German : Verfassunggebende Versammlung , literally , `` Constituent Assembly '' ) before September 1 , 1948 , to draft a constitution shaping a federal form of government , while maintaining the rights of people and the participating states . This constitution should first be approved by the military governments , then a referendum in the countries to ratify the Constitution . The respective simple majority in two thirds of eleven West German states should be sufficient for ratification . Constitutional amendments must be approved by the military governors . The German foreign policy should continue to be controlled by the military governors in a minimum , as Ruhr questions , repairs , industrial and rights of the Allied forces . The boundaries of each state should be reviewed and it should , if necessary , taking into account of traditional forms of new countries are created , none compared to the other should be too large or too small . The Frankfurt Documents prompted the Prime Minister to hold Rittersturz Conference in Koblenz , on the resolutions that were passed . Category : Political history of Germany Category : Political conferences", "title": "" }, { "docid": "87ec82340ccb687b6151b66f79fbc715", "text": "Himmler (surname) Himmler is a German surname . Notable people with the surname include : Ernst Hermann Himmler ( 1905 -- 1945 ) , German Nazi functionary and younger brother of Heinrich Himmler Gebhard Ludwig Himmler ( 1898 -- 1989 ) , German Nazi functionary and older brother of Heinrich Himmler Gudrun Burwitz , née Himmler ( born 1929 ) , daughter of Heinrich Himmler Heinrich Himmler ( 1900 -- 1945 ) , Reichsführer of the Schutzstaffel ( SS ) , a military commander , and a leading member of the Nazi Party ( NSDAP ) of Nazi Germany Katrin Himmler ( born 1967 ) , a German author , the granddaughter of Ernst Hermann Himmler , great-niece of Heinrich Himmler Margarete Himmler ( 1893 -- 1967 ) , wife of Heinrich Himmler", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7be5db7b4497dc7322ee6991c14906ea", "text": "Aryan certificate In Nazi Germany , the Aryan certificate ( ` Ariernachweis ' ) was a document which certified that a person was a member of the Aryan race . Beginning in April 1933 it was required from all employees and officials in the public sector , including education , according to the Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service . It was also a primary requirement to become a Reich citizen , mainly for those who were not present in Germany at the time of the National Socialist regime 's uprising . There were two main types . Kleiner Ariernachweis '' ( `` Lesser Aryan certificate '' ) was one of : Seven birth or baptism certificates ( or a combination of both ) ( the person , his parents and grandparents ) and three marriage certificates ( parents and grandparents ) or certified proofs thereof . Ahnenpass ( literally ancestor 's passport ) Certified genealogy table ( `` Ahnentafel '' ) `` Großer Ariernachweis '' ( `` Greater Aryan certificate '' ) was required for compliance with the requirements of `` Reichserbhofgesetz '' ( land heritage law ) and membership in the Nazi party . This certificate had to trace the family pedigree down to 1800 ( and to 1750 for SS officers ) . According to the especially strict regulation of this law which included the goal of `` Preserving the Purity of German Blood '' only those were eligible who could prove ( reaching back to January 1 , 1800 ) that `` none of their paternal nor their maternal ancestors had Jewish or colored blood '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e43665a0a25d05f4a79f91da1ecb4db4", "text": "Gestapo–NKVD conferences The Gestapo -- NKVD conferences were a series of security police meetings organized in late 1939 and early 1940 by Germany and the Soviet Union , following their joint invasion of Poland in accordance with the Nazi-Soviet alliance . The meetings enabled both parties to pursue specific goals and aims as outlined independently by Hitler and Stalin , with regard to the acquired , formerly Polish territories . The conferences were held by the Gestapo and the NKVD officials in several Polish cities . In spite of their differences on other issues , both Heinrich Himmler and Lavrentiy Beria had similar objectives as far as the fate of the prewar Poland was concerned . The attack on Poland ended with the Nazi -- Soviet victory parade in Brześć , which was held on 22 September 1939 . Brześć was the location of the first Nazi-Soviet meeting organized on 27 September 1939 , in which the prisoner exchange was decided prior to the signing of mutual agreements in Moscow a day later . In the following month , the Gestapo and the NKVD met in Lwów to discuss the fate of civilian populations during radical reorganization of the annexed territories . They met again in occupied Przemyśl at the end of November , because Przemyśl was a border crossing between the two invaders . The next series of meetings began in December 1939 , a month after the first transfer of Polish prisoners of war . The conferences were held in occupied Kraków in the General Government on 6 -- 7 December 1939 ; and continued for the next two days in the resort town of Zakopane in the Tatra Mountains of southern Poland ( 100 km from Kraków ) on 8 -- 9 December 1939 . The Zakopane Conference is the most remembered . From the Soviet side , several higher officers of the NKVD secret police participated in the meetings , while the German hosts provided a group of experts from the Gestapo .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5edf052b37f0e0281290e11b5c1917e6", "text": "Politics of France The politics of France take place with the framework of a semi-presidential system determined by the French Constitution of the French Fifth Republic . The nation declares itself to be an `` indivisible , secular , democratic , and social Republic '' . The constitution provides for a separation of powers and proclaims France 's `` attachment to the Rights of Man and the principles of national sovereignty as defined by the Declaration of 1789 . '' The political system of France consists of an executive branch , a legislative branch , and a judicial branch . Executive power is exercised by the President of the Republic and the Government . The Government consists of the Prime Minister and ministers . The Prime Minister is appointed by the President , and is responsible to Parliament . The government , including the Prime Minister , can be revoked by the National Assembly , the lower house of Parliament , through a `` censure motion '' ; this ensures that the Prime Minister is always supported by a majority of the lower house ( which , on most topics , has prominence over the upper house ) . Parliament comprises the National Assembly and the Senate . It passes statutes and votes on the budget ; it controls the action of the executive through formal questioning on the floor of the houses of Parliament and by establishing commissions of inquiry . The constitutionality of the statutes is checked by the Constitutional Council , members of which are appointed by the President of the Republic , the President of the National Assembly , and the President of the Senate . Former presidents of the Republic also are members of the Council . The independent judiciary is based upon civil law system which evolved from the Napoleonic codes . It is divided into the judicial branch ( dealing with civil law and criminal law ) and the administrative branch ( dealing with appeals against executive decisions ) , each with their own independent supreme court of appeal : the Court of Cassation for the judicial courts and the Conseil d'Etat for the administrative courts . The French government includes various bodies that check abuses of power and independent agencies . France is a unitary state . However , its administrative subdivisions -- regions , departments and communes -- have various legal functions , and the national government is prohibited from intruding into their normal operations . France was a founding member of the European Coal and Steel Community , later the European Union . As such , France has transferred part of its sovereignty to European institutions , as provided by its constitution . The French government therefore has to abide by European treaties , directives and regulations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d2195aa88db072c9114a8cff54f90cc", "text": "Lebensraum The German concept of Lebensraum ( -LSB- ˈleːbənsˌʁaʊm -RSB- , `` living space '' ) refers to policies and practices of settler colonialism which proliferated in Germany from the 1890s to the 1940s . First popularized around 1901 , Lebensraum became a geopolitical goal of Imperial Germany in World War I ( 1914 -- 1918 ) originally , as the core element of the Septemberprogramm of territorial expansion . The most extreme form of this ideology was supported by the Nazi Party ( NSDAP ) and Nazi Germany until the end of World War II . Following Adolf Hitler 's rise to power Lebensraum became an ideological principle of Nazism , and provided justification for the German territorial expansion into East-Central Europe . The Nazi Generalplan Ost policy ( the Master Plan for the East ) was based on its tenets . It stipulated that most of the indigenous populations of Eastern Europe would have to be removed permanently ( either through mass deportation to Siberia , death , or enslavement ) including Polish , Ukrainian , Russian , and other Slavic nations considered racially inferior and non-Aryan . The Nazi government aimed at repopulating these lands with Germanic colonists in the name of Lebensraum during World War II and thereafter . The entire populations were to be decimated by starvation , allowing for their own agricultural surplus to feed Germany . Hitler 's strategic program for world domination was based on the belief in the power of Lebensraum , pursued by a racially superior society . People deemed to be part of inferior races , within the territory of Lebensraum expansion , were subjected to expulsion or destruction . The eugenics of Lebensraum assumed the right of the German Aryan master race ( Herrenvolk ) to remove indigenous people they considered to be of inferior racial stock ( Untermenschen ) in the name of their own living space . Nazi Germany also supported other ` Aryan ' nations ' pursuing their own Lebensraum , including Fascist Italy 's Spazio vitale .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1169b8ae2903c1f00bc6ce4e085280b8", "text": "Dienstleiter (NSDAP) Dienstleiter , ( Service Leader ) was a high-ranking Nazi Party political rank of Nazi Germany which existed between 1933 and 1945 . The rank was first created after the Nazi assumption of power and served as the second highest rank of the Reichsleitung Nazi Party organizational level , subordinate to the Reichsleiter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "20363e7c38bcb90cfdfc98e503c1413c", "text": "National Socialist Party (Romania) The National Socialist Party ( formally Nationalist-Socialist Party of Romania ; Romanian : Partidul Național-Socialist din România , PNSR ) or Steel Testudo ( Pavăza de Oțel ) was a mimetic Nazi political party , active in Romania during the early 1930s . It was led by Colonel Ștefan Tătărescu , the brother of Gheorghe Tătărescu ( twice Prime Minister of Romania during that interval ) , and existed around the newspaper Crez Nou . One of several far-right factions competing unsuccessfully against the Iron Guard for support , the group made little headway , and existed at times as a satellite of the National-Christian Defense League . The PNSR proposed a program of corporatism and statism , promising a basic income , full employment , and limits on capitalist profits . It was anticommunist generally , and in particular anti-Soviet , circulating the theory of Jewish Bolshevism while describing its own program as the alternative , `` positive '' , socialism . The party also claimed for itself the banner of Christianity , which it associated with calls for social reorganization and the expulsion or segregation of Romanian Jews . Its Germanophilia and antisemitism were supplemented by shows of support for the policies of King Carol II . The PNSR ' ideological stance , exotic in its Romanian context , found favor in Nazi Germany , notably from Alfred Rosenberg . Overall , the PNSR failed in its bid to establish a pan-fascist alliance in Romania , and , despite being nativist , functioned as a magnet for Transylvanian Saxons , Bessarabia Germans , and Russian émigrés . Tătărescu was received officially by his German patrons , who also provided the PNSR with funds , but eventually dropped by them for his unpopularity and alleged corruption . In late 1933 , under the antifascist Prime Minister Ion G. Duca , the party was repressed . Tătărescu exercised some influence over his brother 's government in 1934 , helping to steer the country away from its traditional alliances , but failed in his attempt to obtain arms deals for Germany . Disavowed by both its Nazi backers and Gheorghe Tătărescu , the party moderated its stances , then disappeared from the political scene in July 1934 . Its Saxon chapter , under Fritz Fabritius , reemerged as the German People 's Party the following year .", "title": "" } ]
fever
fb705822b5add3524e1350f3ec3ffb7b
Indonesia is abundant with gold.
[ { "docid": "528143dd752f35debefc8c8c747a0387", "text": "Indonesia Indonesia ( -LSB- ɪndəˈniːʒə -RSB- or -LSB- ˌɪndoʊˈniːziə -RSB- ; Indonesian : -LSB- ɪndonesia -RSB- ) , officially the Republic of Indonesia ( -LSB- rɛpublik ɪndonesia -RSB- ) , is a unitary sovereign state and transcontinental country located mainly in Southeast Asia with some territories in Oceania . Situated between the Indian and Pacific oceans , it is the world 's largest island country , with more than seventeen thousand islands . At 1,904,569 km2 , Indonesia is the world 's 14th-largest country in terms of land area and world 's 7th-largest country in terms of combined sea and land area . It has an estimated population of over 260 million people and is the world 's fourth most populous country , the most populous Austronesian nation , as well as the most populous Muslim-majority country . The world 's most populous island , Java , contains more than half of the country 's population . Indonesia 's republican form of government includes an elected legislature and president . Indonesia has 34 provinces , of which five have Special Administrative status . Its capital and country 's most populous city is Jakarta , which is also the most populous city in Southeast Asia and the second in Asia . The country shares land borders with Papua New Guinea , East Timor , and the eastern part of Malaysia . Other neighbouring countries include Singapore , Vietnam , the Philippines , Australia , Palau , and the Indian territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands . Despite its large population and densely populated regions , Indonesia has vast areas of wilderness that support the world 's second highest level of biodiversity . The country has abundant natural resources like oil and natural gas , tin , copper and gold . Agriculture mainly produces rice , palm oil , tea , coffee , cacao , medicinal plants , spices and rubber . Indonesia 's major trading partners are Japan , United States , China and the surrounding countries of Singapore , Malaysia and Australia . The Indonesian archipelago has been an important region for trade since at least the 7th century , when Srivijaya and then later Majapahit traded with China and India . Local rulers gradually absorbed foreign cultural , religious and political models from the early centuries CE , and Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms flourished . Indonesian history has been influenced by foreign powers drawn to its natural resources . Muslim traders and Sufi scholars brought the now-dominant Islam , while European powers brought Christianity and fought one another to monopolise trade in the Spice Islands of Maluku during the Age of Discovery . Following three and a half centuries of Dutch colonialism starting from Amboina and Batavia , and eventually all of the archipelago including Timor and Western New Guinea , at times interrupted by Portuguese , French and British rule , Indonesia secured its independence after World War II . Indonesia consists of hundreds of distinct native ethnic and linguistic groups , with the largest -- and politically dominant -- ethnic group being the Javanese . The population is unevenly spread throughout the islands within a variety of habitats and levels of development , ranging from the megalopolis of Jakarta to uncontacted tribes in the east . A shared identity has developed , defined by a national language , ethnic diversity , religious pluralism within a Muslim-majority population , and a history of colonialism and rebellion against it . Indonesia 's national motto , `` Bhinneka Tunggal Ika '' ( `` Unity in Diversity '' literally , `` many , yet one '' ) , articulates the diversity that shapes the country . Indonesia 's economy is the world 's 16th largest by nominal GDP and the 8th largest by GDP at PPP , the largest in Southeast Asia , and is considered an emerging market and newly industrialised country . Indonesia has been a member of the United Nations since 1950 . Indonesia was an organizer of the Bandung Conference and was the founder of Non-Aligned Movement ; and also the founding member of Association of Southeast Asian Nations , Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation , East Asia Summit , and Organisation of Islamic Cooperation . Indonesia is a member of the G20 major economies and World Trade Organization .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "e72e764bebc4537b99f4e4bec0db22b2", "text": "Sumedang Sumedang ( former official name : Soemedang ) is a town in West Java , Indonesia , approximately 46 km northeast of Bandung . It is the capital of Sumedang Regency . The town is just south of the volcanic Mount Tampomas , which is 1,684 m ( 5,525 ft ) high and is usually climbed from the subdistrict of Cimalaka , 7 km from Sumedang . Sumedang is home to several public universities namely Universitas Padjadajaran , Institut Teknologi Bandung , and Institut Pemerintahan Dalam Negeri . Sumedang 's museum , Prabu Geusan Ulun , houses a collection of traditional Sundanese weaponry , as well as some crown jewels and other finery . It is located on Geusan Ulun Road . The town is famous for tahu Bungkeng , a local variety of deep fried tofu which was first made by a Chinese immigrant , Ong Kino . Within the district surrounding the town lies Cadas Pangeran , a section of the trans-Java postal road constructed on the order of Dutch governor Willem Daendels during the first quarter of the 19th century . The section is famous due to difficulty during the construction , which requires blasting of a mountainside . Hence `` cadas '' which means mountain rock in Sundanese . The section is finished due to cooperation between the governor , regent Kusumadinata known as `` pangeran kornel '' , and the people of Sumedang , although with considerable ill-feeling on the part of the regent and the people due to forced labor practice . A statue commemorating this event is erected on the section . The town also houses the exiled Indonesian national heroine Cut Nyak Dhien from Aceh during her old age , after she was captured during the Aceh War at the beginning of the 20th century . Her tomb is located not far from the town .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1a4863c8f37ff315442122ab30e895ec", "text": "Cisarua Cisarua is a location and district in the Bogor Regency , located in the province of West Java , with a population of 112,655 . The district is famous for its mild climate , tea fields , and stunning views , being located in a rather high altitude . Near the district is a mountain pass famed for housing villas , hostels , as well as a well-known `` heritage '' hotel known as the `` Puncak Pass '' , who 's building is built primarily back in the colonial era , in the year 1928 . Cisarua is also known for having a sizeable population of asylum seekers and refugees , mainly coming from Afghanistan and Pakistan , as well as ones coming from parts of Africa , mainly from Sudan , Egypt , and Somalia . The reason why many asylum seekers has seek refuge here is because of the relatively cool temperatures , as well as its location being close to the UNHCR offices in the capital Jakarta , which are located roughly about 72 kilometres north of the district . Other then that , Cisarua also attracts many tourists from the Middle East , many coming from Saudi Arabia , with reasons of coming similar to the ones with the asylum seekers . Because of the number of Arab migrants and tourists , the district is often called as the `` Kampung Arab '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "77344264d97838a351c59bb25a4211e3", "text": "National emblem of Indonesia The national emblem of Indonesia is called Garuda Pancasila . The main part of Indonesian national emblem is the Garuda with a heraldic shield on its chest and a scroll gripped by its legs . The shield 's five emblems represent Pancasila , the five principles of Indonesia 's national ideology . The Garuda claws gripping a white ribbon scroll inscribed with the national motto Bhinneka Tunggal Ika written in black text , which can be loosely translated as `` Unity in Diversity '' . Garuda Pancasila was designed by Sultan Hamid II from Pontianak , supervised by Sukarno , and was adopted as the national emblem on 11 February 1950 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a6018933d919c50c7bdc187eecbd9ee", "text": "1851 $50 Humbert The 1851 Humbert $ 50 gold ingot was an ingot produced by Moffat and Company , under the direction of Augustus Humbert ( U.S. Assayer of the treasury ) This `` coin '' while technically an ingot , was still used and unofficially considered currency . It was also the largest ingot produced during the California Gold Rush , weighing almost 2.5 oz . During the gold rush of 1849 , the US Treasury department hired private companies to mint coins before they could properly set up a mint . The U.S. Treasury was much more practical and would often mint coins near the location of the precious metals used in the coins , however , this did not always happen overnight . Augustus Humbert , who was originally a watchmaker from NY , took a lifestyle change and moved out to California during the gold rush in 1850 . The U.S. Treasury had commissioned him to be an assayer . One of the first necessities was a mint to produce the octagonal ingots . The original mint , to be built , was for Moffat and Company was called the Mount Ophir Mint . This was only a temporary mint before a real branch mint of the treasury could be built and commissioned into service . The ironic part is that despite Moffat and Company producing the $ 50 Dollar Ingots , they never had their mint mark , or name stamped on the gold . ( Until the $ 10 gold coin produced in 1852 ) These $ 50 Ingots are very rare and can range anywhere from 10 thousand dollars and up . Currently , the auction record stands at $ 460,000 in a 2008 auction by Bowers and Merena . This particular specimen is the highest known , professionally graded by NGC , at a grade of MS-65 . ( The only MS-65 known to exist ) NGC Chairman Mark Salzburg called it `` the most memorable coin I have graded all year '' . Photo of 1851 Humbert $ 50 Ingot", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3e1d62733b8cead94f98d805dd73552f", "text": "Tribute A tribute ( from Latin tributum , contribution ) is wealth , often in kind , that a party gives to another as a sign of respect or , as was often the case in historical contexts , of submission or allegiance . Various ancient states exacted tribute from the rulers of land which the state conquered or otherwise threatened to conquer . In case of alliances , lesser parties may pay tribute to more powerful parties as a sign of allegiance and often in order to finance projects that benefited both parties . To be called `` tribute '' a recognition by the payer of political submission to the payee is normally required ; the large sums , essentially protection money , paid by the later Roman and Byzantine Empires to barbarian peoples to prevent them attacking imperial territory , would not usually be termed `` tribute '' as the Empire accepted no inferior political position . Payments by a superior political entity to an inferior one , made for various purposes , are described by terms including `` subsidy '' . The ancient Persian Achaemenid Empire is an example of an ancient ` tribute empire ; one that made relatively few demands on its non-Persian subjects other than the regular payment of tribute , which might be gold , luxury goods , animals , soldiers or slaves . However failure to keep up the payments had dire consequences . The reliefs at Persepolis show processions of figures bearing varied types of tribute . The medieval Mongol rulers of Russia likewise only expected tribute from the Russian states , which continued to govern themselves . Athens received tribute from the other cities of the Delian League . The empires of Assyria , Babylon , Carthage and Rome exacted tribute from their provinces and subject kingdoms . Ancient China received tribute from various states such as Japan , Korea , Vietnam , Cambodia , Borneo , Indonesia , Sri Lanka , Nepal , Myanmar and Central Asia . The Aztec Empire is another example . The Roman republic exacted tribute in the form of payments equivalent to proportional property taxes , for the purpose of waging war . Tribute empires contrast with those like the Roman Empire , which more closely controlled and garrisoned subject territories . A tributary state is one that preserves its political position and such independence as it has only by paying tribute .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4754c67e8e312548d5124648f47639a6", "text": "Traditions of Indonesia Traditions of Indonesia are traditions , beliefs , values , and customs that belong within the culture of Indonesian people . Indonesia is a vast country of sprawling archipelago with a diverse demographic range of over 300 ethnic groups , and speaking more than 700 living languages . With 202.9 million Muslim s ( 88.2 % of the total population as of 2009 ) , Indonesia has the largest Muslim population in the world . Indonesia also has significant numbers of Christians . Protestant and Catholics population are the majority , with other Christian groups existing as well . The majority of Hindu demographics in Indonesia living in the island of Bali . Buddhist Indonesian are located throughout the country , and are ethnically identified as Chinese Indonesians .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "203845b8b0456e94f88a313541e2f4c5", "text": "Misima mine The Misima mine is one of the largest gold mines in Papua New Guinea and in the world . The mine is located in the south-east of the country in Milne Bay Province . The mine has estimated reserves of 5 million oz of gold .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7f1582f10c2a0c2e55b9f61d25803709", "text": "Tourist village (Indonesia) In Indonesia , a tourist village ( desa wisata ) is a village officially designated as one that welcomes tourism . In the Special Region of Yogyakarta ( which includes the Sleman Regency ) , the concept was embraced around 2000 with dozens of villages being dubbed as tourist villages . According to a 2009 report in The Jakarta Post there were 48 tourist villages listed in Yogyakarta , though only ten were actually operating as such , including : Kebonagung , Manding , Krebet , Kasongan ( Bantul ) , Trumpon , Turgo , Ketingan , Brayut , Gamplong ( Sleman ) and Bobung ( Gunungkidul ) . The designation as a `` tourist village '' may not mean that the village is actually developed for tourism , but that it is believed the potential for tourism exists . Nearby Mount Merapi helped encourage a number of villages to be named tourist villages .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e55436cda6470e25b0ba46943aa8c4d6", "text": "Indonesia–Italy relations Indonesia -- Italy relations refers to the bilateral relations of Indonesia and Italy . Italy has shown strong desire to improve its relations with Indonesia , especially in intercultural understanding and trade . Indonesia recognizes Italy 's strategic location and important role in the middle of Mediterranean region , while Italy has favoured relations with Indonesia , and sees Indonesia as the leader in Southeast Asia . The relations between two countries not only important to bridge the two regional communities ; European Union and ASEAN , but also vital as intercultural and interfaith dialog , since Indonesia has the largest Muslim population in the world , and Italy is the heart of the Catholic faith . Indonesia has an embassy in Rome , that also accredited to Malta , Cyprus , San Marino , and international organizations such as FAO , IFAD , WFP , and UNIDROIT , while Italy has an embassy in Jakarta .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0f2a0936090523f50bed12701c3ac77c", "text": "Water privatisation in Jakarta Water privatisation in Jakarta began when the British water company Thames Water entered into an agreement with the son of then-President Suharto in 1993 to obtain a water concession . Under the influence of the French water company Suez , however , the government decided to split the city 's service area between the two companies . The government awarded Thames Water and Suez each a concession for one half of the city without competitive bidding . The contracts foresaw water charge increases that would allow the companies to earn a comfortable 22 percent rate of return . However , only two months after the contracts were signed , the Indonesian rupiah massively lost in value due to the East Asian financial crisis , and President Suharto was toppled . The concessions survived , but the government imposed a tariff freeze and the contracts had to be renegotiated to reduce their targets . In 2006 Suez sold half and Thames Water all its shares to Indonesian investors . The main targets of the concession were to increase service coverage from an initial 46 percent and to reduce water losses from 61 percent . The original target of the concessions was to reach 75 percent service coverage in 2008 and 100 percent at the end of the concession . They also aimed to reduce water losses to 25 percent by 2008 and 20 percent by the end of the concession . These targets were substantially loosened during the renegotiations : The new 2008 targets were 68 percent for service coverage and 42 percent for water losses . In 2008 service coverage reached only 64 percent and water losses were reduced to only 50 percent . During the same period , water tariffs increased threefold . This increase was partly due to increases in the cost of electricity and bulk water purchases which are passed through by the private companies to the customers . On 24 March 2015 the Central Jakarta District Court ruled the privatisation of Jakarta 's water was illegal and ordered the return of the water system to public control . The court noted that the private operators were `` negligent in fulfilling the human right to water for Jakarta 's residents . '' The government of Indonesia and the private operators lodged an appeal against the court decision . The government , which wants to attract private infrastructure investment , has not made any preparations to buy back the concessions , which remain in place pending a final court decision .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1dd6d83b623c50e6bad3dcfb8c7fff1c", "text": "Krugerrand For the Ian McNabb album , see Krugerrands . The Krugerrand ( -LSB- ˈkryχərˌrant -RSB- ; -LSB- langˈkruːɡərˌrænd -RSB- or -LSB- - ˌrɑːnd -RSB- ) is a South African gold coin , first minted in 1967 to help market South African gold and produced by the South African Mint . By 1980 the Krugerrand accounted for 90 % of the global gold coin market . The name itself is a compound of Kruger ( the former South-African president depicted on the obverse ) and rand , the South African unit of currency . During the 1970s and 1980s some Western countries forbade import of the Krugerrand because of its association with the apartheid government of South Africa . Production levels of Krugerrands have significantly varied during the last 50 years . During 1967 -- 1969 , around 40,000 coins were minted each year . In 1970 , the number rose to over 200,000 coins . More than one million coins were produced in 1974 , and in 1978 a total of six million Krugerrands were produced . Following the end of apartheid , the production dropped to 23,277 coins in 1998 and since then levels have increased again , albeit not reaching pre-international sanction levels .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "286069875bdf430ce65003dcdeb6c4c4", "text": "Hinduism in Indonesia Hinduism in Indonesia is practised by 1.7 % of the total population , and by 83.5 % of the population in Bali as of the 2010 census . Hinduism is one of the six official religions of Indonesia . In 2010 , there were an estimated total of over 4 million Hindus in Indonesia according to Indonesian census . The Parisada Hindu Dharma Indonesia disputed the census methodology , and estimated 18 million Hindus lived in Indonesia in 2005 . In 2010 , the Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Government of Indonesia estimated that about 10 million Hindus lived on Indonesian islands , in contrast to the Indonesian official decadal census of over 4 million .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "84b6ceb35e5605ac86fd701351499f6e", "text": "Gili Islands The Gili Islands ( Tiga Gili -LSB- Three Gilis -RSB- , Kepulauan Gili -LSB- Gili Islands -RSB- ) are an archipelago of three small islands -- Gili Trawangan , Gili Meno and Gili Air -- just off the northwest coast of Lombok , Indonesia . The islands are a popular destination for tourists . Each island has several small resorts , usually consisting of a collection of huts for tourists , a small pool and restaurant . Most local inhabitants live on Trawangan in a township stretching along its east side just inland ( which is also where most recent development is taking place ) . Automobiles and motorised traffic are prohibited on the islands by local ordinance , so the preferred method of transportation is by foot and bicycle or the horse-drawn carriage called a cidomo . Scuba diving and freediving in and around the Gilis is also popular due to the abundance of marine life and attractive coral formations . Most famous diving spots are Shark point , Manta point and Simon 's reef .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "724388e5ab77157573162e5b55fe6332", "text": "Mount Elliot mine The Mount Elliot mine is one of the largest gold mines in the Australia and in the world . The mine is located in the north-east of the country in Queensland . The mine has estimated reserves of 4.92 million oz of gold and 570 million tonnes of ore grading 0.45 % copper .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5f41a534e03bfaa4261af3cb137eac0f", "text": "Banda Aceh Banda Aceh , formerly known as Kutaradja , is the capital and largest city in the province of Aceh , Indonesia . It is located on the island of Sumatra and has an elevation of 35 meters . The city covers an area of 64 square kilometres and had a population of 219,070 people , according to the 2000 census . Banda Aceh is located on the northwestern tip of Indonesia at the mouth of the Aceh River . The city was originally established as Bandar Aceh Darussalam Kandang and served as a capital and hub for the Sultanate of Aceh upon its foundation in the late 15th century . Later its name was changed to Bandar Aceh Darussalam , and then became popularly known as Banda Aceh . The first part of the name comes from the Persian bandar meaning `` port '' or `` haven . '' The city is also dubbed the `` port to Mecca , '' or the `` porch of Mecca '' ( Indonesian : Serambi Mekkah ) in reference to the days when hajj pilgrims travelled by sea from Indonesia and would make a stop over in the city before continuing their journey to Mecca . Banda Aceh had long been at the centre of protracted conflicts between the Acehnese and foreign domination , including war with Portuguese , wars with the Dutch , the Japanese and the Indonesian government . The city rose to international prominence in the aftermath of the Indian Ocean earthquake in 2004 , which struck off the western coast of Sumatra . Banda Aceh was the closest major city to the earthquake 's epicentre , which lay 249 km off the coast . It suffered great damage in the earthquake and further damage when a tsunami struck shortly afterwards . 167,000 people died as a result and many more were injured . The aftermath of the tsunami has seen a cessation of much of the conflict in the city and province , and domestic and international aid as a result has seen a major modernisation and reconstruction of the city over the past decade .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7ab7921171918f5a288e1f14cec009a0", "text": "Gold repatriation Gold repatriation refers to plans of various governments to bring home their gold stored outside the home country . Many countries use foreign vaults for safe-keeping of part of their gold reserves and there is a growing tendency not to trust the foreign custodian .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1998bd44c4ec56f3935e7b4f1afe6f7b", "text": "2015 Indonesian Masters Grand Prix Gold The 2015 Indonesian Masters Grand Prix Gold was the twentieth grand prix 's badminton tournament of the 2015 BWF Grand Prix and Grand Prix Gold . The tournament was held at the Gedung Graha Cakrawala , Kompleks Universitas Negeri Malang in Malang , East Java , Indonesia December 1 -- 6 , 2015 and had a total purse of $ 120,000 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9e3556e86489415cea794035c911ad09", "text": "Indonesia national basketball team The Indonesia men 's national basketball team represents the Republic of Indonesia in international basketball competitions . The governing body of the team is the Persatuan Bola Basket Seluruh Indonesia ( Indonesian Basketball Association -- PERBASI ) . Its biggest success was the gold medal at the 1996 South East Asian Championship . Team Indonesia is one of the major teams in Southeast Asia . The team finished among the top-four teams in Asia at the 1967 Asian Basketball Championship . At the 1996 Southeast Asian Basketball Championship , Indonesia was the dominant country and won the gold medal . Indonesia participated at the 2009 FIBA Asia Championship as well , which was held 6 -- 16 August 2009 , in Tianjin , China . They were able to qualify for the said tournament by placing second in the 2009 SEABA Championship held from 6 -- 9 June 2009 . The team finished 15th out of 16 competing teams at the FIBA Asia Championship , where only the top-3 qualified for the World Basketball Championships . For these events , the head coach of the team has been Rastafari Horongbala . At the FIBA Asia Championship 2009 , Indonesia finished 15th , leaving behind Sri Lanka . On individual performances , Kelly Purwanto and Isman Thoyib finished among the tournament 's top performers . Purwanto finished in the top ten in steals per game , Thoyib finished in the top ten in blocks per game . Indonesian basketball-icon Mario Wuysang was not able to represent his country at that event due scheduling conflicts . ( the final four of the Indonesian IBL was scheduled about the same time with this Asia Championship )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "21341ddcc5bcaaf0a7d9309506aabe70", "text": "Aceh Aceh ( -LSB- ˈɑːtʃeɪ -RSB- ) ; ( Acehnese : Acèh ( -LSB- - aceʔaˈtɕɛh -RSB- ) ; Jawi : ; Dutch : Atjeh or Acheh ; Indonesian : Provinsi Aceh ) is a special region of Indonesia . The territory is located at the northern end of Sumatra . Its capital is Banda Aceh . It is close to the Andaman and Nicobar Islands of India and separated from them by the Andaman Sea . It has the highest proportion of Muslims in Indonesia , who mostly live according to Sharia customs and laws . There are 10 indigenous ethnic groups in this region , the largest being the Acehnese people , accounting for approximately 80 % to 90 % of the region 's population . Aceh is thought to have been the place where the spread of Islam in Indonesia began , and was a key factor of the spread of Islam in Southeast Asia . Islam reached Aceh ( Kingdoms of Fansur and Lamuri ) around 1250 AD . In the early seventeenth century the Sultanate of Aceh was the most wealthy , powerful and cultivated state in the Malacca Straits region . Aceh has a history of political independence and resistance to control by outsiders , including the former Dutch colonists and the Indonesian government . Aceh has substantial natural resources of oil and natural gas with some estimates that Aceh gas reserves are one of the largest in the world . Relative to most of Indonesia , it is a religiously conservative area . Aceh was the closest point of land to the epicenter of the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami , which devastated much of the western coast of the province . Approximately 170,000 Indonesians were killed or went missing in the disaster . The disaster helped precipitate the peace agreement between the government of Indonesia and the Free Aceh Movement ( GAM ) . Aceh was first known as Aceh Darussalam ( 1511 -- 1959 ) and then later as the Daerah Istimewa Aceh ( 1959 -- 2001 ) , Nanggroë Aceh Darussalam ( 2001 -- 2009 ) and Aceh ( 2009 -- present ) . Past spellings of Aceh include Acheh , Atjeh , and Achin .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7c79a46e7282c4f00b77def69350d626", "text": "Precious metal A precious metal is a rare , naturally occurring metallic chemical element of high economic value . Chemically , the precious metals tend to be less reactive than most elements ( see noble metal ) . They are usually ductile and have a high lustre . Historically , precious metals were important as currency but are now regarded mainly as investment and industrial commodities . Gold , silver , platinum , and palladium each have an ISO 4217 currency code . The best known precious metals are the coinage metals , gold and silver . Although both have industrial uses , they are better known for their uses in art , jewelry , fine jewelry and coinage . Other precious metals include the platinum group metals : ruthenium , rhodium , palladium , osmium , iridium , and platinum , of which platinum is the most widely traded . The demand for precious metals is driven not only by their practical use but also by their role as investments and a store of value . Historically , precious metals have commanded much higher prices than common industrial metals .", "title": "" } ]
fever
d3f68b9aa91d9fc93eca4fee84daaf41
Catching Fire has a Katniss Everdeen as a protagonist.
[ { "docid": "2726c361a4f1376dd9ec06c9812d3764", "text": "Catching Fire Catching Fire is a 2009 science fiction young adult novel by the American novelist Suzanne Collins , the second book in The Hunger Games trilogy . As the sequel to the 2008 bestseller The Hunger Games , it continues the story of Katniss Everdeen and the post-apocalyptic nation of Panem . Following the events of the previous novel , a rebellion against the oppressive Capitol has begun , and Katniss and fellow tribute Peeta Mellark are forced to return to the arena in a special edition of the Hunger Games . The book was first published on September 1 , 2009 , by Scholastic , in hardcover , and was later released in ebook and audiobook format . Catching Fire received mostly positive reviews , with reviewers praising Collins ' prose , the book 's ending , and the development of Katniss 's character . According to critics , major themes of the novel include survival , authoritarianism , rebellion and interdependence versus independence . The book has sold more than 19 million copies in the U.S. alone . A film adaptation , The Hunger Games : Catching Fire , was released on November 22 , 2013 .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "fc522bf97e25c6521ff4dbbf841324c3", "text": "Narrative hook A narrative hook ( or hook ) is a literary technique in the opening of a story that `` hooks '' the reader 's attention so that he or she will keep on reading . The `` opening '' may consist of several paragraphs for a short story , or several pages for a novel , but ideally it is the opening sentence .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad6fe82fd2946450e207dc39809168ed", "text": "American Gods (TV series) American Gods is an American television series based on the novel of the same name , written by Neil Gaiman and originally published in 2001 . The television series was developed by Bryan Fuller and Michael Green for the premium cable network Starz . Fuller and Green are the showrunners for the series . Gaiman serves as an executive producer along with Fuller , Green , Craig Cegielski , Stefanie Berk , and Thom Beers . The first episode premiered on the Starz network and through their streaming application on April 30 , 2017 . In May 2017 , the series was renewed for a second season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9846bc22e4b50236378757f6a858015a", "text": "Fire Brats Fire Brats is a series of children 's books about two teenagers , Matt and Dani , who both survive post apocalyptic World War 3 . The books were written by Barbara Siegel , Scott Siegel and Barbara Steiner . The first book , The Burning Land , was published in 1987 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b6118eb329a4c18673bceccd926a5e4f", "text": "Into the Wild (novel) Into the Wild is a children 's fantasy novel written by Erin Hunter after concepts and outlines created and developed by Victoria Holmes . The novel was published by HarperCollins in Canada and the United States in January 2003 , and in the United Kingdom in February 2003 . It is the first novel in the Warriors series . The book has been published in paperback , and e-book formats in twenty different languages . The story is about a young domestic cat named Rusty who leaves his human owners to join a group of forest-dwelling feral cats called ThunderClan , adopting a new name : Firepaw . He is trained to defend and hunt for the Clan , becomes embroiled in a murder and betrayal within the Clan , and , at the end of the book , receives his warrior name , Fireheart , after a battle with another Clan . The novel is written from the perspective of Fireheart ( previously known as Rusty for a short time , then , for most of the book , Firepaw ) . The series began in 2003 when HarperCollins requested Holmes to write a book on feral cats . After creating one storyline Holmes brought in Kate Cary to finish writing the book as Holmes went behind the scenes to edit and supervise the details . Holmes has compared the style of the book to a different language as the books are written by three separate authors . She feels that Erin Hunter must have a consistent voice the entire series . The story uses a lexicon with words such as `` twoleg '' substituted for `` human '' or `` new-leaf '' for `` spring '' . The style has been compared to the Harry Potter series , J.R.R. Tolkien and Brian Jacques . Themes include family , loyalty , death , courage , and survival . Into the Wild was critically well received . Booklist believed the book would appeal to followers of Brian Jacques ' Redwall series . Among other awards , it claimed third place in the 2006 Young Reader 's Choice Award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "904a52308a902f1fd861fe8c9cdf39ad", "text": "Gilly (A Song of Ice and Fire) Gilly is a fictional character in the A Song of Ice and Fire series of fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin , and its television adaptation Game of Thrones . Introduced in 1998 's A Clash of Kings , she is a wildling from the wild lands north of the Wall . She subsequently appeared in Martin 's A Storm of Swords , A Feast for Crows , A Dance with Dragons and will appear in the upcoming novel The Winds of Winter . Gilly is portrayed by Hannah Murray in the HBO television adaptation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b7ab3dbc6ecb22c0775f1428d523c8e0", "text": "Sansa Stark Sansa Stark is a fictional character created by American author George R. R. Martin . She is a prominent character in Martin 's award-winning A Song of Ice and Fire series . Introduced in 1996 's A Game of Thrones , Sansa is the eldest daughter and second child of Lord Eddard Stark and his wife Lady Catelyn Stark . She subsequently appeared in the following three novels , A Clash of Kings ( 1998 ) , A Storm of Swords ( 2000 ) and A Feast for Crows ( 2005 ) . While absent from the fifth novel A Dance with Dragons as the books are separated geographically , Sansa is confirmed to return in the forthcoming next book in the series , The Winds of Winter . In HBO 's adaptation of the series , Game of Thrones , Sansa Stark is played by Sophie Turner . The character has received critical acclaim , being praised as the 4th greatest character in the series by Rolling Stone . She and the rest of the cast were nominated for Screen Actors Guild Awards for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series in 2012 , 2014 , 2015 and 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "271d9bcde5d2e9c3ca19b89e3e29d89b", "text": "Teaser and the Firecat Teaser and the Firecat is the fifth studio album released by Cat Stevens in 1971 . The album contains 10 songs including the hits `` Morning Has Broken '' , `` Moonshadow '' and `` Peace Train '' . It is also the title of a children 's book written and illustrated by Stevens . The story features the title characters from the album cover , top-hatted young Teaser and his pet , Firecat , who attempt to put the moon back in its place after it falls from the sky . Published in 1972 , the book has been out of print since the mid-1970s . The album was a commercial success , surpassing the heights achieved by Stevens ' previous album , Tea for the Tillerman , reaching both the UK and US Top 3 and also spending fifteen weeks at the top of the Australian charts , becoming the biggest-selling album of the country in 1972 . In 1977 an animated version , narrated by Spike Milligan , using the song `` Moonshadow '' , was a segment in Fantastic Animation Festival . In November 2008 , a `` deluxe edition '' was released featuring a second disc of demos and live recordings .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a5f5924fda3a549cc1b504d00e8d1ea0", "text": "The Metropolis Case The Metropolis Case is the debut novel of American author Matthew Gallaway . The novel follows the interconnected lives of four characters living in different cities , all of whom have a great passion for Richard Wagner 's opera Tristan und Isolde . The New York Times said `` the book is so well written ... and filled with such memorable lead and supporting players that it quickly absorbs you into its worlds . '' In the Washington Post , Eugenia Zukerman wrote that `` Gallaway has taken a great risk ... by creating an intricate , multilayered tale that slides from past to present , from Europe to New York , from opera to pop . But despite the complexity , The Metropolis Case engages the reader emotionally on every page . '' Rather than a conventional narrative , the novel presents alternating chapters devoted to each of the four principal characters . Three of them are opera singers . One of the four lives in the nineteenth century . Two are much younger than the others . The author slowly reveals their shared relationship to Wagner 's opera . The novel 's title and some other details allude to Janáček 's opera The Makropulos Case . Galloway is a graduate of New York University Law School and a native of Pittsburgh , where the novel is partially set . He began the novel in 2001 and completed it in 2007 . According to Galloway , who blogged as The Gay Recluse from 2007 to 2009 : In 2010 , when Crown Publishing Group published the novel , Galloway was employed as a Senior Acquisitions Editor in the legal department of Oxford University Press .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ccbccf6979b5229cb4cf064e524b9470", "text": "Fire! (manga) is a shōjo manga series by Hideko Mizuno about the rise and fall of an American rock star named Aaron . It was serialised in Seventeen from 1969 -- 1971 and won the 1970 Shogakukan Manga Award . The hedonistic Aaron is neither a ` boy next door ' character , nor a ` shining prince ' , and Sandra Buckley states that it was his ` non-conventional , rebellious behavior ' that was part of the attraction for the fans of Fire ! . It was innovative for shōjo manga by having the first sexually explicit scenes in post-World War II manga , and by having a male protagonist . The story has been read as a `` conservative morality tale '' , but Buckley states that this ignores the two-year run of readers following Aaron 's exploits avidly . There are accounts of teenage girls queueing for the next issue to come out .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "09c45ca2162499f3c0cc4c871cdd1315", "text": "Prometheus Bound Prometheus Bound ( Προμηθεὺς Δεσμώτης , Promētheus Desmōtēs ) is an Ancient Greek tragedy . In antiquity , it was attributed to Aeschylus , but now is considered by some scholars to be the work of another hand , and perhaps one as late as c. 430 BC . Despite these doubts of authorship , the play 's designation as Aeschylean has remained conventional . The tragedy is based on the myth of Prometheus , a Titan who defies the gods and gives fire to mankind , acts for which he is subjected to perpetual punishment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "04b822c7d03c493b0f79f12e33984447", "text": "Fire with Fire Fire with Fire may refer to : Fire with Fire ( 1986 film ) , a romantic drama film starring Craig Sheffer and Virginia Madsen Fire with Fire ( 2012 film ) , an action film starring Joshua Duhamel , Rosario Dawson , and Bruce Willis `` Fire with Fire '' ( song ) , a song by the Scissor Sisters from Night Work Fire with Fire ( Naomi Wolf book ) , a feminist book by Naomi Wolf", "title": "" }, { "docid": "914fa55b0a1198c222b6339ca943608c", "text": "Cat O'Nine Tails (novel) Cat O'Nine Tails is the fourth book in the `` Cat Royal '' series written by Julia Golding . In this story the protagonist , Cat , dances at a ball , dresses as a boy , and meets an Indian tribe .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b4aefc70688fbaf607185edf06f453df", "text": "Fire Burning `` Fire Burning '' is a song by Jamaican-American singer-songwriter Sean Kingston . It is released as the lead single from his second studio album Tomorrow . Unlike many of his previous singles , which are all produced by J.R. Rotem , the song is produced by RedOne . The song was used for the opening number of the Miss Universe 2009 live at the Atlantis Paradise Island , Nassau , Bahamas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad47dc43670072898442977a55502324", "text": "Character (arts) A character ( sometimes known as a fictional character ) is a person or other being in a narrative work of art ( such as a novel , play , television series , or film ) . The character may be entirely fictional or based on a real-life person , in which case the distinction of a `` fictional '' versus `` real '' character may be made . Derived from the ancient Greek word χαρακτήρ , the English word dates from the Restoration , although it became widely used after its appearance in Tom Jones in 1749 . From this , the sense of `` a part played by an actor '' developed . Character , particularly when enacted by an actor in the theatre or cinema , involves `` the illusion of being a human person . '' In literature , characters guide readers through their stories , helping them to understand plots and ponder themes . Since the end of the 18th century , the phrase `` in character '' has been used to describe an effective impersonation by an actor . Since the 19th century , the art of creating characters , as practiced by actors or writers , has been called characterisation . A character who stands as a representative of a particular class or group of people is known as a type . Types include both stock characters and those that are more fully individualised . The characters in Henrik Ibsen 's Hedda Gabler ( 1891 ) and August Strindberg 's Miss Julie ( 1888 ) , for example , are representative of specific positions in the social relations of class and gender , such that the conflicts between the characters reveal ideological conflicts . The study of a character requires an analysis of its relations with all of the other characters in the work . The individual status of a character is defined through the network of oppositions ( proairetic , pragmatic , linguistic , proxemic ) that it forms with the other characters . The relation between characters and the action of the story shifts historically , often miming shifts in society and its ideas about human individuality , self-determination , and the social order .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b87619a50d03ac863261f53508343e7d", "text": "List of A Song of Ice and Fire characters George R. R. Martin 's A Song of Ice and Fire novels feature a massive cast of characters . The series follows three interwoven plotlines : a dynastic war for control of Westeros by several families ; the rising threat of the superhuman Others beyond Westeros 's northern border ; and the ambition of Daenerys Targaryen , the exiled heir of the previous ruling dynasty . Each chapter is narrated in the third person limited point of view through the eyes of a single character . Beginning with nine POV characters in A Game of Thrones ( 1996 ) , the number grows to thirty-one by A Dance with Dragons ( 2011 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1857b19c0dc80f22ef8230b35ea57afc", "text": "Mhysa `` Mhysa '' is the third season finale of the American medieval epic fantasy television series Game of Thrones , and its 30th episode overall . Written by executive producers David Benioff and D. B. Weiss , and directed by David Nutter , it originally aired on on HBO in the United States . The episode revolves on the aftermath of the events instigated by `` The Red Wedding '' : House Frey receives the Seat of Riverrun , Roose Bolton is appointed the new `` Warden of the North '' , while House Greyjoy begins a new military campaign . In the North , Maester Aemon sends out ravens to alert the whole of Westeros about the arrival of the White Walkers . And across the narrow sea , the freed slaves of Yunkai hail Daenerys as their `` mhysa '' , the Ghiscari language 's word for `` mother '' . According to Nielsen Media Research , `` Mhysa '' was seen by 5.4 million household viewers in the United States , a twenty-eight percent increase compared to the second season finale , `` Valar Morghulis '' . After its broadcast , the episode received generally positive reviews from television critics , with some of them addressing its anti-climactic closure of the series ' third season , and its establishment of potential storylines for the fourth season , such as through the final scene 's `` glimmer of hope '' . The episode received a nomination for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Cinematography for a Single-Camera Series at the 65th Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5cd4079e1b8ae42b48a0fa1f4c29e98b", "text": "Walt Lloyd Walter `` Walt '' Lloyd is a fictional character portrayed by Malcolm David Kelley in the American ABC television series Lost . The series follows the lives of over forty survivors of the crash of Oceanic Flight 815 . Walt is introduced in the pilot episode as one of the survivors aboard the plane , which crashes onto the island where most of the programme takes place . He is the 10-year-old son of Michael Dawson ( played by Harold Perrineau ) . Walt appears in thirty episodes of Lost ; 27 in seasons one and two as a series regular , and three more episodes as a guest star . He also features in the Lost epilogue `` The New Man in Charge '' . Throughout the series , he is the only child main character . Initially , Walt and Michael have a dysfunctional father-son relationship , causing Walt to form friendships with other survivors , such as Locke and Sun . Walt leaves the island on a raft with Michael and two other survivors during the episode `` Exodus '' , but is kidnapped by a group of hostile island inhabitants known as the Others . Walt is then released by the Others in the episode `` Live Together , Die Alone '' , who claim that he was `` more than -LSB- they -RSB- could handle '' , and he and Michael leave the island at the end of season two . When originally developed , Lost creators intended for Walt to display supernatural powers , such as the ability to summon animals through telepathy , but when Kelley had aged significantly for him to no longer convincingly look ten years old , the character 's arc was changed and Walt was written out of the show . After auditioning many children for the part , Kelley was hired by the programme 's producers , who had been impressed by his performance in the 2002 film Antwone Fisher .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9195e8a56187f75f85963342f7753fda", "text": "Fire (Part 1) `` Fire '' ( Part 1 ) is the season premiere of the fourth season of the American police drama television series Homicide : Life on the Street . It originally aired on NBC on October 20 , 1995 . The episode was written by Julie Martin ( from a story by Tom Fontana and Henry Bromell ) and was directed by Tim Hunter . The two-part story centres on Pembleton and Bayliss ' investigation into a pair of arson-related homicides , and introduces a new regular character , Arson Squad detective Mike Kellerman ( played by Reed Diamond ) , who subsequently transfers to Homicide and partners with Det. Meldrick Lewis . This episode also flagged the permanent departure of regular characters Stanley Bolander ( Ned Beatty ) and Beau Felton ( Daniel Baldwin ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0934fef76e91c7e4fddb636ed400324a", "text": "Reinventing Fire Reinventing Fire : Bold Business Solutions for the New Energy Era is a 2011 book , by Amory B. Lovins and the Rocky Mountain Institute , that explores converting the United States to almost total reliance on renewable energy sources , such as solar energy and wind power . Lovins says that renewable energy is already cheaper than fossil fuels and his analysis predicts further reductions in renewable energy prices . Reinventing Fire was launched at the Washington National Geographic Society , in October 2011 . Bill Clinton says the book is a `` wise , detailed and comprehensive blueprint . '' The book has forewords by Marvin Odum , from Shell Oil , and John W. Rowe , CEO of Exelon . The first paragraph of the preface says : Imagine fuel without fear . No climate change . No oil spills , dead coal miners , dirty air , devastated lands , lost wildlife . No energy poverty . No oil-fed wars , tyrannies , or terrorists . Nothing to run out . Nothing to cut off . Nothing to worry about . Just energy abundance , benign and affordable , for all , for ever . Fen Montaigne in The Guardian has said that the book is impressive in both its scope and detail : Lovins discusses everything from how to redesign heavy trucks to make them more fuel efficient to ways to change factory pipes to conserve energy -- the book lays out a plan for the U.S. to achieve the following by 2050 : cars completely powered by hydrogen fuel cells , electricity , and biofuels ; 84 percent of trucks and airplanes running on biomass fuels ; 80 percent of the nation 's electricity produced by renewable power ; $ 5 trillion in savings ; and an economy that has grown by 158 percent . By combining reduced energy use with energy efficiency gains , Lovins says that there will be a $ 5 trillion saving over the next 40 years and a faster-growing economy . This can all be done , the book jacket says , without `` new federal taxes , subsidies , mandates , or laws . The policy innovations needed to unlock and speed it need no act of Congress . '' The profitable commercialization of existing energy-saving technologies , through market forces , can be led by business .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "af492998021ac84b2b18cda76cc3973f", "text": "Fictional universe of The Hunger Games The Hunger Games universe is a fictional world appearing in The Hunger Games trilogy written by Suzanne Collins . It consists primarily of the fictional nation of Panem , its Capitol where the totalitarian government resides , and the outlying districts , numbered 1 to 12 , each with a different economy . In addition , there is the secretive District 13 , where a rebel force is building strength . The Hunger Games themselves are an annual event in which citizens from the districts , selected through a process called `` reaping '' , are forced to participate in a battle to the death . The universe also contains fictional flora and fauna , such as the Mockingjay , a bird whose mimicry is used as a plot device , and after whom the third book in the series is named .", "title": "" } ]
fever
b8e78eb45b731e509fa4f0889413c979
Avatar was directed by James Cameron and released in 2009.
[ { "docid": "a1a96cb07a9ba904f9fdfd202f95e5e5", "text": "Avatar (2009 film) Avatar ( marketed as James Cameron 's Avatar ) is a 2009 American epic science fiction film directed , written , produced , and co-edited by James Cameron , and starring Sam Worthington , Zoe Saldana , Stephen Lang , Michelle Rodriguez , and Sigourney Weaver . The film is set in the mid-22nd century , when humans are colonizing Pandora , a lush habitable moon of a gas giant in the Alpha Centauri star system , in order to mine the mineral unobtanium , a room-temperature superconductor . The expansion of the mining colony threatens the continued existence of a local tribe of Na ` vi -- a humanoid species indigenous to Pandora . The film 's title refers to a genetically engineered Na ` vi body with the mind of a remotely located human that is used to interact with the natives of Pandora . Development of Avatar began in 1994 , when Cameron wrote an 80-page treatment for the film . Filming was supposed to take place after the completion of Cameron 's 1997 film Titanic , for a planned release in 1999 , but according to Cameron , the necessary technology was not yet available to achieve his vision of the film . Work on the language of the film 's extraterrestrial beings began in 2005 , and Cameron began developing the screenplay and fictional universe in early 2006 . Avatar was officially budgeted at $ 237 million . Other estimates put the cost between $ 280 million and $ 310 million for production and at $ 150 million for promotion . The film made extensive use of new motion capture filming techniques , and was released for traditional viewing , 3D viewing ( using the RealD 3D , Dolby 3D , XpanD 3D , and IMAX 3D formats ) , and for `` 4D '' experiences in select South Korean theaters . The stereoscopic filmmaking was touted as a breakthrough in cinematic technology . Avatar premiered in London on , 2009 , and was internationally released on and in the United States and Canada on , to positive critical reviews , with critics highly praising its groundbreaking visual effects . During its theatrical run , the film broke several box office records and became the highest-grossing film of all time , as well as in the United States and Canada , surpassing Titanic , which had held those records for twelve years ( and was also directed by Cameron ) . It also became the first film to gross more than and the best-selling film of 2010 in the United States . Avatar was nominated for nine Academy Awards , including Best Picture and Best Director , and won three , for Best Art Direction , Best Cinematography and Best Visual Effects . Following the film 's success , Cameron signed with 20th Century Fox to produce three sequels , making Avatar the first of a planned tetralogy . On April 14 , 2016 , Cameron confirmed that there were now plans for four sequels . Avatar 2 was scheduled for release in December 2018 before being delayed , with the sequels following in December 2020 , 2022 , and 2023 , respectively . The sequels are scheduled for release in 2020 , 2021 , 2024 and 2025 .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "8e50128bcbd5d2f49bc495827ef5995c", "text": "E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial is a 1982 American science fiction fantasy film co-produced and directed by Steven Spielberg , and written by Melissa Mathison . It features special effects by Carlo Rambaldi and Dennis Muren , and stars Henry Thomas , Dee Wallace , Robert MacNaughton , Drew Barrymore , Peter Coyote and Pat Welsh . It tells the story of Elliott ( Thomas ) , a lonely boy who befriends an extraterrestrial , dubbed `` E.T. '' , who is stranded on Earth . He and his siblings help it return home while attempting to keep it hidden from their mother and the government . The concept was based on an imaginary friend Spielberg created after his parents ' divorce in 1960 . In 1980 , Spielberg met Mathison and developed a new story from the stalled sci-fi horror film project Night Skies . It was shot from September to December 1981 in California on a budget of US$ 10.5 million . Unlike most films , it was shot in rough chronological order , to facilitate convincing emotional performances from the young cast . Released on June 11 , 1982 by Universal Pictures , E.T was an immediate blockbuster , surpassing Star Wars to become the highest-grossing film of all time -- a record it held for eleven years until Jurassic Park , another Spielberg-directed film , surpassed it in 1993 . It is the highest-grossing film of the 1980s . Widely regarded as one of the greatest films of all time , critics acclaimed it as a timeless story of friendship , and it ranks as the greatest science fiction film ever made in a Rotten Tomatoes survey . In 1994 , it was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' . It was re-released in 1985 , and then again in 2002 to celebrate its 20th anniversary , with altered shots and additional scenes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "15de4fea6d1defb9167a6e11108320bb", "text": "Cinema of India The cinema of India consists of films produced across India . Cinema as a medium has gained immense popularity in the country and as many as 1,600 films in various languages of India are produced annually . Indian films have also come to be followed throughout South Asia , the Greater Middle East , Southeast Asia and other countries . Dadasaheb Phalke is known as the `` father of Indian cinema '' . The Dadasaheb Phalke Award , for lifetime contribution to cinema , was instituted in his honour , by the Government of India in 1969 , and is the most prestigious and coveted award in Indian cinema . In the 20th century , Indian cinema , along with the Hollywood and Chinese film industries , became a global enterprise . As of 2013 , in terms of annual film output , India ranks first , followed by Nollywood , Hollywood and China . In 2012 , India produced 1,602 feature films . The Indian film industry reached overall revenues of $ 1.86 billion ( 93 billion ) in 2011 . This is projected to rise to $ 3 billion ( 200 billion ) in 2016 . In 2015 , India had a total box office gross of , the fourth largest in the world outside North America . Enhanced technology paved the way for upgrading from established cinematic norms of delivering product , altering the manner in which content reached the target audience . Biopics like Dangal and CGI-laden epics like Baahubali emerged as transnational blockbusters grossing over $ 200 million each in early 21st century . Indian cinema found markets in over 90 countries where films from India are screened . The Indian government extended film delegations to foreign countries such as the United States of America and Japan while the country 's Film Producers Guild sent similar missions through Europe . The provision of 100 % foreign direct investment has made the Indian film market attractive for foreign enterprises such as 20th Century Fox , Sony Pictures , Walt Disney Pictures and Warner Bros. . Indian enterprises such as AVM Productions , Prasad 's Group , Sun Pictures , PVP Cinemas , Zee , UTV , Suresh Productions , Eros Films , Ayngaran International , Pyramid Saimira , Aascar Films and Adlabs also participated in producing and distributing films . Tax incentives to multiplexes have aided the multiplex boom in India . By 2003 as many as 30 film production companies had been listed in the National Stock Exchange of India , making the commercial presence of the medium felt . The South Indian film industry defines the four film cultures of South India as a single entity . They are the Telugu , the Tamil , the Malayalam and the Kannada industries . Although developed independently over a long period , gross exchange of film performers and technicians as well as globalisation helped to shape this new identity . The Indian diaspora consists of millions of Indians overseas for which films are made available both through media such as DVDs and by screening of films in their country of residence wherever commercially feasible . These earnings , accounting for some 12 % of the revenue generated by a mainstream film , contribute substantially to the overall revenue of Indian cinema , the net worth of which was found to be 1.3 billion in 2000 . Music in Indian cinema is another substantial revenue generator with the music rights alone accounting for 4 -- 5 % of the net revenues generated by a film in India .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ce37dbcc323b056860ac87e7f3c05e02", "text": "Orion Pictures Orion Pictures Corporation is an American motion picture producer and distributor that produced and released films from 1978 until 1999 , and was also involved in television production and syndication throughout the 1980s until the early 1990s . It was formed in 1978 as a joint venture between Warner Bros. and three former top-level executives of United Artists . Although it was never a large motion picture producer , Orion achieved a comparatively high reputation for Hollywood quality . Woody Allen , James Cameron , Jonathan Demme , Oliver Stone , and several other prominent directors worked with Orion during its most successful years from 1978 to 1992 . Of the films distributed by Orion , four won Academy Awards for Best Picture : Amadeus ( 1984 ) , Platoon ( 1986 ) , Dances with Wolves ( 1990 ) , and The Silence of the Lambs ( 1991 ) . Two other Orion films , Hannah and Her Sisters ( 1986 ) and Mississippi Burning ( 1988 ) , were nominated for that same category . In 2013 , Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer revived the Orion name for television ; a year later Orion Pictures was quietly relaunched by the studio .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1445773c08da50707979a85167e4edf4", "text": "Houston Film Critics Society Awards 2010 The 4th Houston Film Critics Society Awards were presented on December 18 , 2010 . These awards for `` extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Houston Film Critics Society ( HFCS ) based in Houston , Texas . The organization , founded in 2007 , includes 22 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications in the greater Houston area . The awards are co-sponsored by the Houston Film Commission , Southwest Alternate Media Project , Women in Film and Television/Houston , WorldFest , and the Houston Cinema Arts Society . The nominations for the 2010 awards were announced on December 12 , 2010 . Eligible films do not need to have played or opened in a Houston film theater prior to the nomination deadline , merely made available to the HFCS membership at a screening or on DVD . Along with the 13 `` best of '' category awards , this year also saw the introduction of a new category for `` Worst Movies of the Year '' . The Social Network , True Grit , and 127 Hours each received six nominations , all including the Best Picture , Actor , Direction , and Original Score categories . The Social Network was the HFCS 's most awarded film of 2010 taking top honors in the Best Picture , Best Director ( David Fincher ) , Best Actor ( Jesse Eisenberg ) , and Best Screenplay ( Aaron Sorkin ) categories . Inception was the only other film to garner multiple awards , winning both the Best Original Score ( Hans Zimmer ) and Best Cinematography ( Wally Pfister ) prizes . The other acting awards went to Natalie Portman as Best Actress for Black Swan , Hailee Steinfeld as Best Supporting Actress for True Grit , and Christian Bale as Best Supporting Actor for The Fighter . The remaining film honors went to Toy Story 3 as Best Animated Film , Restrepo as Best Documentary , and The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo as Best Foreign Language Film . `` We Are Sex Bob-Omb '' by Beck from Scott Pilgrim vs. the World was named the Best Original Song . The HFCS 's first-ever award for `` Worst Picture '' was given to Jonah Hex starring Josh Brolin . In addition to the category awards , the HFCS presented their annual Lifetime Achievement Award to Sissy Spacek and its Humanitarian Award to George Clooney . Clooney was selected for `` selflessly using his celebrity for greater good '' . The HFCS award for Outstanding Achievement in Cinema awards were presented to Charles Dove , director of the Rice University Media Center , and Hector Luna , the founder and editor of C-47 Houston .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fed5ac5c00d5d7423e832e03977d525c", "text": "Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Visual Effects The Critics ' Choice Movie Award for Best Visual Effects is one of the awards given to people working in the motion picture industry by the Broadcast Film Critics Association . It was first given out in 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e07f944d613aa9e663ef0b9783368e78", "text": "Pandoran biosphere The fictional Pandoran biosphere , from James Cameron 's Avatar , teems with a biodiversity of bioluminescent species ranging from hexapodal animals to other types of exotic fauna and flora . The Pandoran ecology forms a vast neural network spanning the entire lunar surface into which the Naʼvi and other creatures can connect . The strength of this collective consciousness is illustrated when the human invaders are defeated in battle by the Pandoran ecology , after the Naʼvi were nearly defeated . Cameron utilized a team of expert advisors in order to make the various examples of fauna and flora as scientifically feasible as possible .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e9101bde09b3b59e93eae8bf241f4b7b", "text": "Gamer (film) Gamer is a 2009 American science fiction action thriller film written and directed by Mark Neveldine and Brian Taylor . The film stars Gerard Butler as a participant in an online game in which participants can control human beings as players , and Logan Lerman as the player who controls him . Alongside Butler and Lerman , it also stars Michael C. Hall , Ludacris , Amber Valletta , Terry Crews , Alison Lohman , John Leguizamo , and Zoe Bell . Gamer was released in North America on September 4 , 2009 , receiving generally negative reviews from critics , who found the plot , direction , and script disappointing , though its performances , effects , and action sequences were praised . It received a mixed reception from audiences , and was a box office bomb , grossing $ 42 million worldwide against a production budget of $ 50 million .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "20afcfb3996423f7753723f5f5f2471b", "text": "2009 Toronto International Film Festival The 34th annual Toronto International Film Festival ( TIFF ) was held in Toronto , Ontario , Canada between September 10 and September 19 , 2009 . The opening night gala presented the Charles Darwin biography Creation . The Young Victoria , based on the early years of Queen Victoria , closed the festival on September 19 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f477a0e502b7a950c97e8d2e9d639954", "text": "Jimmy Hayward James `` Jimmy '' Hayward ( born September 17 , 1970 ) is a Canadian-American film director , screenwriter and animator .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8647b2eb8a26e412ed44ffe47fcb933d", "text": "Alien (film) Alien is a 1979 British-American science-fiction horror film directed by Ridley Scott , and starring Sigourney Weaver , Tom Skerritt , Veronica Cartwright , Harry Dean Stanton , John Hurt , Ian Holm and Yaphet Kotto . The film 's title refers to a highly aggressive extraterrestrial creature that stalks and kills the crew of a spaceship . Dan O'Bannon wrote the screenplay from a story he wrote with Ronald Shusett , drawing influence from previous works of science fiction and horror . The film was produced by Gordon Carroll , David Giler and Walter Hill through their Brandywine Productions and distributed by 20th Century Fox . Giler and Hill made revisions and additions to the script . Shusett was executive producer . The eponymous Alien and its accompanying elements were designed by Swiss artist H. R. Giger , while concept artists Ron Cobb and Chris Foss designed the human aspects of the film . Alien launched the Alien franchise and is chronologically the first of the main series , with the prequel series set in an earlier timeframe . Alien received both critical acclaim and box office success , receiving an Academy Award for Best Visual Effects , Saturn Awards for Best Science Fiction Film , Best Direction for Scott , and Best Supporting Actress for Cartwright , and a Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation , along with numerous other award nominations . It has remained highly praised in subsequent decades , being considered one of the greatest films of all time . In 2002 , the film was deemed `` culturally , historically or aesthetically significant '' by the Library of Congress and was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry . In 2008 , it was ranked as the seventh-best film in the science fiction genre by the American Film Institute , and as the 33rd greatest film of all time by Empire magazine . The success of Alien spawned a media franchise of novels , comic books , video games , and toys . It also launched Weaver 's acting career by providing her with her first lead role , and the story of her character Ellen Ripley 's encounters with the Alien creatures became the thematic thread that ran through the sequels Aliens ( 1986 ) , Alien 3 ( 1992 ) and Alien : Resurrection ( 1997 ) . , a crossover with the Predator franchise produced the Alien vs. Predator series , which includes Alien vs. Predator ( 2004 ) and Aliens vs. Predator : Requiem ( 2007 ) , and also a prequel series of films , which includes Prometheus ( 2012 ) and Alien : Covenant ( 2017 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "06a631187fc29ea0f04a541f9f00defd", "text": "2009 Independent Spirit Awards The 2009 Independent Spirit Awards can refer to : 24th Independent Spirit Awards , a ceremony held in 2009 , honoring the films of 2008 25th Independent Spirit Awards , a ceremony held in 2010 , honoring the films of 2009 Category : Independent Spirit Awards", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd0ace1270f626365441a3fbd3d36d96", "text": "Unsimulated sex Unsimulated sex is the presentation in a film of sex scenes where the actors engage in an actual sex act , and are not just miming or simulating the actions . At one time in the United States such scenes were restricted by law and self-imposed industry standards such as the Motion Picture Production Code . Films showing explicit sexual activity were confined to privately distributed underground films , such as stag films or `` porn loops '' . Beginning in the late 1960s , most notably with Blue Movie by Andy Warhol , mainstream cinemas began pushing boundaries in terms of what was presented on screen . Although the vast majority of sexual situations depicted in mainstream cinema are simulated ( in early pornography , the main actors engaged in simulated sex , with inserts placed in the film ) , on rare occasions actors engage in real sex . The difference between these films and pornography is that , while such scenes might be considered erotic , the intent of these films is not solely pornographic . Notable examples include two of the eight Bedside-films and the six Zodiac-films from the 1970s , all of which were produced in Denmark and had many pornographic sex scenes , but were nevertheless considered mainstream films ( they all had mainstream casts and crews , and premiered in mainstream cinemas ) . The last of these films , Agent 69 Jensen i Skyttens tegn , was made in 1978 . From the end of the 1970s until the late 1990s it was rare to see hardcore scenes in mainstream cinema , but this changed with the success of Lars von Trier 's The Idiots ( 1998 ) , which heralded a wave of art-house films with explicit content , such as Romance ( 1999 ) , Baise-moi ( 2000 ) , Intimacy ( 2001 ) , Vincent Gallo 's The Brown Bunny ( 2003 ) , and Michael Winterbottom 's 9 Songs ( 2004 ) . Some simulated sex scenes are sufficiently realistic that critics mistakenly believe that they are real , such as the cunnilingus scene in the 2006 film Red Road .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a90aa1415307d4baa4a3f5a05cd5adf8", "text": "G-Force (film) G-Force is a 2009 American family comedy adventure film produced by Walt Disney Pictures and Jerry Bruckheimer Films . Written by Cormac Wibberley and Marianne Wibberley and directed by Hoyt Yeatman , the film is the directorial debut of Hoyt Yeatman , whose earlier work includes contributions in the area of visual effects . It was released in the United States on July 24 , 2009 . G-Force is based on a story also by Hoyt Yeatman . The film was shown in competing 3-D technologies like Dolby 3D . This is also Jerry Bruckheimer 's first 3-D film . The movie stars Zach Galifianakis , Bill Nighy , and Will Arnett and it features the voices of Sam Rockwell , Tracy Morgan , Penélope Cruz , Nicolas Cage , Steve Buscemi , and Jon Favreau . The film received generally negative reviews , with critics praising its action , but criticizing its plot and character development and it earned $ 292.8 million on a $ 150 million budget .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7a7e598023e5f5bed0c3a4b9f41485a7", "text": "Gokusen: The Movie is a 2009 Japanese film based on manga series Gokusen . It was directed by Tōya Satō who also directed live-action version of Kaiji . This film is the sequel to the television drama Gokusen season 3 , and the last of the series . This film has action , comedy and drama just like the tv series . It was released on July 11 , 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d1eb189897d5610223002042c6d0fee3", "text": "Titanic II (film) Titanic II ( also entitled Titanic 2 ) is a 2010 low-budget disaster film written , directed by , and starring Shane Van Dyke and distributed by The Asylum . Despite this title , the film is not a sequel to the 1997 film by James Cameron , although movie website Dread Central has suggested the film may be a mockbuster of it . It was released direct-to-TV in Australia on August 7 , 2010 . It premiered on Syfy on Sky in the UK and Ireland on August 9 . It was released on August 25 in the United States . The film is set on a fictional replica Titanic that sets off exactly 100 years after the original ship 's maiden voyage to perform the reverse route , but global warming and the forces of nature cause history to repeat itself on the same night , only on a more disastrous and deadly scale .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "20e05902ce2f2de46d2e6c0131e45c0f", "text": "Michael Fassbender filmography Michael Fassbender is a German-Irish actor who made his screen debut in the 2001 war drama miniseries Band of Brothers as Sgt. Burton `` Pat '' Christenson . Fassbender followed this with a number of television roles including a German motorcycle courier in the drama Hearts and Bones ( 2001 ) , Guy Fawkes in the miniseries Gunpowder , Treason & Plot ( 2004 ) , Lt. Harry Colebourn in the film A Bear Named Winnie ( 2004 ) , and Azazeal in the series Hex ( 2004 -- 05 ) . He made his film debut playing a Spartan soldier in Zack Snyder 's 300 ( 2007 ) . The following year Fassbender portrayed Irish republican Bobby Sands during the events of the 1981 Irish hunger strike in Steve McQueen 's historical drama Hunger . His performance garnered him the Best Actor award at the British Independent Film Awards , and the Irish Film and Television Awards . Fassbender appeared as a British soldier in Quentin Tarantino-directed film Inglourious Basterds ( 2009 ) . Two years later , he played Carl Jung in David Cronenberg 's A Dangerous Method , and a man suffering with sex addiction in McQueen 's Shame . His performance in the latter earned him the Volpi Cup for Best Actor at the Venice Film Festival . In the same year he also appeared in superhero film X-Men : First Class as Magneto . In 2013 , Fassbender reteamed with McQueen on the period drama 12 Years a Slave . For his role as a slave owner in the film he received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor . The following year , he reprised his role as Magneto in the superhero sequel X-Men : Days of Future Past which grossed a box-office total of over $ 747 million -- his highest grossing release as of April 2016 . In 2015 , he appeared as the title character in Justin Kurzel 's film adaptation of the play Macbeth . In the same year , Fassbender 's portrayal of Steve Jobs in Danny Boyle 's eponymous film garnered him a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b95208e443e2759021f858099b13ed21", "text": "List of accolades received by 127 Hours 127 Hours is a 2010 British independent biographical adventure film directed by Danny Boyle . It stars James Franco in the principal role as real-life mountain climber Aron Ralston , whose hand was trapped under a boulder in a Utah ravine for more than five days in April 2003 . Adapted from Ralston 's autobiography Between a Rock and a Hard Place , 127 Hourss screenplay was written by Boyle and Simon Beaufoy . Distributors Fox Searchlight and Pathé gave the feature limited releases in the United States and United Kingdom on 5 November 2010 and 7 January 2011 , respectively . It grossed # 35.8 million at the box office by the end of its worldwide theatrical run . Rotten Tomatoes , a review aggregator surveyed 215 reviews and judged 93 % to be positive . Additionally , 127 Hours appeared on more than two dozen movie reviewers ' Top Ten lists for the best movies of 2010 . The film has received honors for its direction , music , cinematography and writing , as well as for the lead performance by Franco . At the 68th Golden Globe Awards ceremony , 127 Hours earned three nominations : for Best Actor -- Motion Picture Drama , Best Original Score and Best Screenplay . The picture was nominated in nine Satellite Award categories , including direction , score , sound , original song and visual effects . It also received nine nominations from the Broadcast Film Critics Association . The 64th British Academy Film Awards nominated it for eight of their awards , including Best Director , Best Editing , Best Music and Best Sound . Additionally , 127 Hours was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Film , but lost to The King 's Speech . It performed similarly at the 83rd Academy Awards , where it was nominated in six categories : Best Actor , Best Adapted Screenplay , Best Film Editing , Best Original Score , Best Original Song ( for `` If I Rise '' ) and Best Picture , but lost respectively in all categories to The King 's Speech , The Social Network , and Toy Story 3 . Franco was named Best Actor by the New York Film Critics Online and 2010 Independent Spirit Awards . He also received recognition from the Screen Actors Guild , at their 17th annual ceremony . Franco 's arm amputation scene towards the end of 127 Hours was nominated at the viewer-voted 2011 MTV Movie Awards . Boyle 's and Beaufoy 's efforts on the movie 's script earned them nominations from the Writers Guild of America and Evening Standard British Film Awards . Along with producer Christian Colson , Boyle garnered another nomination , this time from the Producers Guild of America . The Detroit Film Critics Society honored Boyle as Best Director . Suttirat Larlarb 's input on the movie 's production design earned her one nomination from the Art Directors Guild . The film 's cinematography garnered nominations at the 2010 Houston Film Critics Awards and the 2010 San Diego Film Critics Society Awards . The American Film Institute listed 127 Hours as one of the ten best movies of 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "493d0a316be6a416759a6916fa978952", "text": "Racebending __ NOTOC __ Racebending is a neologism used to describe a process where a character 's perceived race or ethnicity is changed in a narrative by an adapter as it is created in a new media form . The term was coined by one of the founders of the website Racebending.com , which was created to protest the casting of white actors in the 2010 film The Last Airbender , where the originating TV series Avatar : The Last Airbender featured characters of East Asian appearance . The term `` racebending '' was derived from Avatar characters ' ability to manipulate or `` bend '' the classical elements of water , earth , fire , and air . Assistant Professor Kristen J. Warner wrote that the term has `` many definitions and contexts '' , such as being the industrial practice of color-blind casting or writing fan fiction , the latter being `` when writers change the race and cultural specificity of central characters or pull a secondary character of color from the margins , transforming her into the central protagonist . '' In 2010 , Racebending.com and the Media Action Network for Asian Americans ( MANAA ) urged boycotts of The Last Airbender as well as Prince of Persia : The Sands of Time due to their practices of racebending . Prince of Persia was criticized for casting white actors for the principal cast instead of actors of Iranian or Middle Eastern descent . Fan activism over The Last Airbender led to the term becoming prevalent and becoming the name of the activist movement . Activists used the term interchangeably with `` whitewashing '' to describe white actors being cast as non-white characters in adaptations of media . Pastes Abbey White said in 2016 that the term was subsequently adopted to apply to actors of color being cast in traditionally white roles . White said , `` In the last several years , racebending has become a practice used more and more to help networks diversify their ensembles and capture a bigger audience . Not only has it resulted in more racial visibility on the small screen , but in a far more unexpected way , racebending can generate deeper and more significant depictions of characters . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be51bb06c6b36891a33f7e80baf8876a", "text": "Avatar Airbender Avatar Airbender is an Intamin roller coaster themed after the TV series Avatar : The Last Airbender located at Nickelodeon Universe in the Mall of America in Bloomington , Minnesota . Avatar is a halfpipe roller coaster that goes up to 70 ft to the top and back tower while spinning the riders . It reaches the top of both spikes about twelve times during each ride . Located at the center of Nickelodeon Universe , it provides a focal point for the entire park .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b4858012210bc9e70f1f6b5965d7e13c", "text": "List of accolades received by Enthiran Enthiran ( Robot ) is a 2010 Indian Tamil-language science fiction film directed by S. Shankar and produced by Kalanithi Maran . Shankar wrote the screenplay and co-wrote the dialogues with Sujatha Rangarajan and Madhan Karky . The film stars Rajinikanth and Aishwarya Rai in the lead roles with Danny Denzongpa , Santhanam , and Karunas playing supporting roles . The musical score was composed by A. R. Rahman while the cinematography , visual effects , editing , and art direction were handled by R. Rathnavelu , V. Srinivas Mohan , Anthony , and Sabu Cyril respectively . The film 's story revolves around a scientist 's struggle to control his creation , an android robot whose software is upgraded to give it the ability to comprehend and generate human emotions . The plan backfires when the robot falls in love with the scientist 's fiancée and is further manipulated by a rival scientist to bring destruction to all who stand in its way . The film was dubbed into Hindi as Robot . Produced on an estimated budget of 1.32 billion , Enthiran was released on 1 October 2010 and yielded a revenue of 1.79 billion according to a report by the Sun TV Network . The film garnered awards and nominations in several categories , with particular praise for its cinematography , visual effects , art direction , costume design , and Rajinikanth 's performance . As of 2017 , the film has won 24 awards from 37 nominations . At the 58th National Film Awards ceremony , Enthiran won two awards for Best Special Effects ( Mohan ) and Best Production Design ( Cyril ) . The film was nominated in nine categories at the 58th Filmfare Awards South , winning Best Cinematographer ( Rathnavelu ) , Best Art Director ( Cyril ) , and Best Costume Design ( Manish Malhotra ) . At the 5th Vijay Awards , the film was nominated in fourteen categories and won in seven , including Best Villain and Favourite Hero ( Rajinikanth ) , Favourite Film ( Maran ) , and Favourite Director ( Shankar ) . Enthiran won three awards at the 12th IIFA Awards under the Best Special Effects , Best Art Direction , and Best Makeup categories . Among other wins , the film received three Norway Tamil Film Festival Awards , two Screen Awards and Ananda Vikatan Cinema Awards each , one Mirchi Music Award , and a special award at the 24th Tokyo International Film Festival .", "title": "" } ]
fever
32944c703f29a617e1bbc1e6e41499c4
During the eighth season of the television drama Beverly Hills 90210, Hilary Swank was part of the main cast.
[ { "docid": "66557d755256618a17b7624d7896c831", "text": "Hilary Swank Hilary Swank ( born July 30 , 1974 ) is an American actress and producer . She has won two Academy Awards for Best Actress and received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 2007 . Swank made her film debut in a minor role for Buffy the Vampire Slayer , before she made her breakout lead role in the fourth installment of the The Karate Kid franchise , The Next Karate Kid in 1994 . On television , she was cast as part of the main cast in the eighth season of the drama series Beverly Hills 90210 as single mother Carly Reynolds from 1997 to 1998 . Swank garnered critical acclaim for her portrayal of Brandon Teena in the 1999 biographical independent film Boys Do n't Cry , which earned her the Academy Award for Best Actress and the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture -- Drama . She starred in Clint Eastwood 's 2004 sports drama film Million Dollar Baby as struggling-waitress-turned-boxer Maggie Fitzgerald , which won her a second Oscar and Golden Globe for Best Actress . She starred in other films , such as The Gift ( 2000 ) , Insomnia ( 2002 ) , Iron Jawed Angels ( 2004 ) , Red Dust ( 2004 ) The Reaping ( 2007 ) , P.S. I Love You ( 2007 ) , Freedom Writers ( 2007 ) and The Homesman ( 2014 ) .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "b5c466744d971f086da5aa6b0dc26281", "text": "Rich Kids of Beverly Hills Rich Kids of Beverly Hills ( stylized as #RichKids of Beverly Hills ) is an American reality television series that premiered on E! , on January 19 , 2014 . The series focuses on the lives of a group of twenty-something millionaires and billionaires ( by inheritance ) showcasing their lives .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "352528276020bfd022df5d076ebeef6d", "text": "NCIS (season 8) The eighth season of the police procedural drama NCIS premiered on September 21 , 2010 in the same time slot as the previous season . The season story arc involves Ziva 's largely-unseen boyfriend , Ray , and the CIA continuing to meddle in NCIS 's day-to-day workings . Notable events include the terrorism and internal affairs threat during the `` Enemies '' two-parter , and the arrival of another Major Case Response Team from Rota , Spain , the team that Tony was offered to be lead of in the beginning of season four . The season ends on a five-part story arc involving the Port-to-Port killer that menaced both teams . The finale aired on May 17 , 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "17f63184e1642cec628bc8660f185454", "text": "Naomi Clark Naomi Clark , played by AnnaLynne McCord , is a fictional character from the CW primetime drama 90210 , the fourth series of the Beverly Hills , 90210 franchise . The character was created by Rob Thomas , Gabe Sachs , and Jeff Judah , with later developments by Rebecca Sinclair , and occasional input from McCord . During early stages of production , Naomi was largely described as a privileged and popular teenager . Prior to the series ' premiere , Sachs and Judah would further develop Naomi into an antiheroine with a number of flaws , virtues , and familial issues . In the second season , Sinclair , the new show-runner , maintained the previous developments but presented a more comedic take on the character . McCord has expressed fondness for the multi-faceted nature of the role , citing it as a factor in her decision to accept the part . Often regarded as the show 's central figure , Naomi has received critical acclaim from the Los Angeles Times , Entertainment Weekly , People magazine , and other media outlets . Reviews have praised AnnaLynne McCord 's performance and the complexity of the role . Conversely , Naomi has also been a recipient of criticism , particularly during the second season . For her work in the role , McCord was nominated for a Teen Choice Award in 2009 , and won a Breakthrough of the Year Award in 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "68fb86fb125294b15cb2af8a748a6f8a", "text": "L.A. Law L.A. Law is an American television legal drama series that ran for eight seasons on NBC , from September 15 , 1986 , to May 19 , 1994 . Created by Steven Bochco and Terry Louise Fisher , it contained many of Bochco 's trademark features including an ensemble cast , large number of parallel storylines , social drama , and off-the-wall humor . It reflected the social and cultural ideologies of the 1980s and early 1990s , and many of the cases featured on the show dealt with hot-topic issues such as capital punishment , abortion , racism , gay rights , homophobia , sexual harassment , AIDS , and domestic violence . The series often also reflected social tensions between the wealthy senior lawyer protagonists and their less well-paid junior staff . In addition to its main cast , L.A. Law was also well known for featuring then relatively unknown actors and actresses in guest starring roles , who later went on to greater success in film and television including : Don Cheadle , Jeffrey Tambor , Kathy Bates , David Schwimmer , Jay O. Sanders , James Avery , Gates McFadden , Bryan Cranston , C.C.H. Pounder , Kevin Spacey , Richard Schiff , Carrie-Anne Moss , William H. Macy , Stephen Root , Christian Slater , and Lucy Liu . Several episodes of the show also included celebrities such as Vanna White , Buddy Hackett and Mamie Van Doren appearing as themselves in cameo roles . The show was popular with audiences and critics , and won 15 Emmy Awards throughout its run , four of which were for Outstanding Drama Series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bc72ddb4d40df43012112acf5c184bd5", "text": "Karen Sisco Karen Sisco is an American crime drama television series starring Carla Gugino in the title role . The series was created by novelist Elmore Leonard , based on a character who had appeared in several of his written works , as well as one film adaptation , 1998 's Out of Sight . The series debuted on October 1 , 2003 on ABC , and was canceled after seven episodes . As a U.S. Deputy Marshal , based on Miami , Florida 's Gold Coast , Karen must deal with the underbelly of South Beach nightlife and Palm Beach high life while tracking down fugitives . She also struggles to win the respect of her fellow officers . Karen occasionally gets advice from her father , a retired Miami police officer turned private investigator , who is Karen 's confidant , counselor , and confessor . The show faced stiff competition from NBC 's Law & Order . TV Guide included the series in their 2013 list of 60 shows that were `` Canceled Too Soon '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "754c37557a510e6272821563ae9db4ac", "text": "List of Castle episodes Castle is an American comedy-drama police procedural television series on ABC which was created by Andrew W. Marlowe . It stars Nathan Fillion as Richard Castle , a famous mystery novelist , and Stana Katic as NYPD detective Kate Beckett . The series premiered as a midseason replacement on March 9 , 2009 . On May 12 , 2016 , it was announced that , despite several cast members signing one-year deals for a potential ninth season , the show would be canceled instead .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dbf4c21f2574bac40110da37034fa8cc", "text": "The Beverly Hillbillies The Beverly Hillbillies is an American sitcom originally broadcast on CBS for nine seasons , from September 26 , 1962 , to March 23 , 1971 . The show had an ensemble cast featuring Buddy Ebsen , Irene Ryan , Donna Douglas , and Max Baer Jr. as a poor backwoods family who move to Beverly Hills , California , after striking oil on their land . The show was produced by Filmways and was created by writer Paul Henning . It was followed by two other Henning-inspired country-cousin series on CBS : Petticoat Junction , and its spin-off Green Acres , which reversed the rags-to-riches , country-to-city model of The Beverly Hillbillies . The Beverly Hillbillies ranked among the top 20 most-watched programs on television for eight of its nine seasons , twice ranking as the number one series of the year , with a number of episodes that remain among the most-watched television episodes in history . It accumulated seven Emmy nominations during its run . The series remains in syndication on MeTV , and its ongoing popularity spawned a 1993 film remake by 20th Century Fox .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d279f78d3b29f0e4b4ef90f0893eb9d", "text": "The Vampire Diaries The Vampire Diaries is an American supernatural drama television series developed by Kevin Williamson and Julie Plec , based on the popular book series of the same name written by L. J. Smith . The series premiered on The CW on September 10 , 2009 and concluded on March 10 , 2017 , airing 171 episodes over eight seasons . The pilot episode attracted the largest audience for The CW of any series premiere since the network began in 2006 . The first season averaged 3.60 million viewers . It was the most-watched series on the network before being supplanted by Arrow . The show has received numerous award nominations , winning four People 's Choice Award and many Teen Choice Awards . On April 26 , 2013 , The CW officially announced that the spin-off The Originals , which focuses on the Original family of vampires , had been ordered to series , and the show began airing during the 2013 -- 14 American television season . On April 6 , 2015 , lead actress Nina Dobrev confirmed via Instagram that she and co-star Michael Trevino ( who plays Tyler Lockwood ) would be leaving the show after its sixth season . Dobrev returned to record a voiceover for the seventh-season finale . Trevino appeared as a guest star in season seven and returned for season 8 . On March 11 , 2016 , The CW renewed the series for an eighth season , but on July 23 , 2016 , announced that the eighth season , which would have 16 episodes , would be the show 's last . The final season began airing on October 21 , 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "879456dc2d42e2b58767a30e9dd461e7", "text": "Beverly Hills Madam Beverly Hills Madam ( also known as Ladies of the Night ) is a 1986 American made-for-television drama film directed by Harvey Hart and starring Faye Dunaway , Melody Anderson , Donna Dixon and Robin Givens . It was broadcast on NBC on April 6 , 1986 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "95c7845bd7aee545a9fb0ab4b1f586fe", "text": "The Sacred Taking `` The Sacred Taking '' is the eighth episode of the third season of the anthology television series American Horror Story , which premiered on December 4 , 2013 , on the cable network FX . The episode was written by Ryan Murphy and directed by Alfonso Gomez-Rejon . In this episode , Fiona ( Jessica Lange ) must take her life in order to undertake a ritual to find the next Supreme . This episode is rated TV-MA ( LV ) . Angela Bassett , Gabourey Sidibe , Danny Huston , and Patti LuPone guest star as Marie Laveau , Queenie , the Axeman , and Joan Ramsey , respectively .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "114169e0b12f9e6fd1daf724ed9bd223", "text": "Brian Austin Green Brian Austin Green ( born Brian Green ; July 15 , 1973 ) is an American actor best known for his portrayal of David Silver on the television series Beverly Hills , 90210 ( 1990 -- 2000 ) . Green has also had series regular roles in Terminator : The Sarah Connor Chronicles ( as Derek Reese ) , Freddie , Wedding Band , and Anger Management , as well as guest starring roles on Smallville ( as Metallo ) and Desperate Housewives , playing the love interest of Bree Van de Kamp .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7e367393a29fa847fcb6c80de4155d80", "text": "The Swan (TV series) The Swan was a 2004 American reality television program broadcast on Fox in which women who were judged to be ugly were given `` extreme makeovers '' that included several forms of plastic surgery . The title of the series refers to the fairy tale The Ugly Duckling , in which a homely bird matures into a swan . Each contestant was assigned a panel of specialists -- a coach , therapist , trainer , cosmetic surgeons , and a dentist -- who together designed a program of total transformation . The contestants ' work ethic , growth , and achievement was monitored over the course of three months . Each week , two women were featured , and at the episode 's conclusion , one went home while another was selected to move to compete in the Swan pageant at the end of the season for a chance to be deemed The Swan . The first two seasons both aired in 2004 . A third season was tipped to happen , but the show was cancelled in early 2005 after ratings continued to drop . The plastic surgeons on the team were chosen for their ability to perform often startling transformations . Drs. Terry Dubrow and Randal Haworth , both board certified by the American Board of Plastic Surgery , were selected by the producers of the show to perform the multiple plastic surgical operations for each of the two aired seasons .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "099ee3a77bbfd07b11206802b6634ecd", "text": "Desperate Housewives Desperate Housewives is an American television comedy-drama and mystery series created by Marc Cherry , and produced by ABC Studios and Cherry Productions . It originally aired for eight seasons on ABC , from October 3 , 2004 to May 13 , 2012 . Executive producer Cherry served as showrunner . Other executive producers since the fourth season included Bob Daily , George W. Perkins , John Pardee , Joey Murphy , David Grossman , and Larry Shaw . Set on Wisteria Lane , a street in the fictional town of Fairview in the fictional Eagle State , Desperate Housewives follows the lives of a group of women as seen through the eyes of their late friend and neighbor who committed suicide in the pilot episode . The storyline covers 13 years of the women 's lives over eight seasons , set between the years 2004 -- 2008 , and later 2013 -- 2017 ( the story arc includes a five-year passage of time , as well as flashbacks ranging from the 1980s to the 2020s ) . They work through domestic struggles and family life , while facing the secrets , crimes and mysteries hidden behind the doors of their -- on the surface -- beautiful and seemingly perfect suburban neighborhood . The series features an ensemble cast , headed by Teri Hatcher as Susan Mayer , Felicity Huffman as Lynette Scavo , Marcia Cross as Bree Van de Kamp , and Eva Longoria as Gabrielle Solis . Brenda Strong narrates the series as the late Mary Alice Young , appearing sporadically in flashbacks or dream sequences . Desperate Housewives was well received by viewers and critics alike . It won multiple Primetime Emmy , Golden Globe and Screen Actors Guild Awards . From the 2004 -- 05 through the 2008 -- 09 television seasons , its first five seasons were rated amongst the top ten most-watched series . In 2007 , it was reported to be the most popular show in its demographic worldwide , with an audience of approximately 120 million and was also reported as the third most watched television series in a study of ratings in twenty countries . In 2012 , it remained the most-watched comedy series internationally based on data from Eurodata TV Worldwide , which measured ratings across five continents ; it has held this position since 2006 . Moreover , it was the third highest revenue earning series for 2010 , with $ 2.74 million per half an hour . The show was ranked at number fifty-six on Entertainment Weekly `` New TV Classics '' list . In 2011 , it was confirmed that Desperate Housewives would conclude after its eighth season ; the series finale aired on May 13 , 2012 . By the end of the series , it had surpassed Charmed as the longest running hour-long television series featuring all female leads by two episodes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e224966fba1e7742f77663b28a3be3f9", "text": "Twelve Horny Women `` Twelve Horny Women '' is the eighth episode of the eighth season of the CBS sitcom How I Met Your Mother , and the 168th episode overall .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d7b2a07b65aa240879d3bad1c7006e8c", "text": "Karyn Parsons Karyn Parsons -- Rockwell ( born October 8 , 1966 ) is an American actress , best known for her role as Hilary Banks on the NBC sitcom The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air which ran from 1990 -- 96 . She also starred in the 1995 film Major Payne playing opposite Damon Wayans .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "efff59fa556ac03dfc36845ad3d2f939", "text": "Sunset Beach (TV series) Sunset Beach is an American television soap opera that aired on NBC from January 6 , 1997 to December 31 , 1999 . The show follows the loves and lives of the people living in the Orange County coastal area named Sunset Beach , on the coast of California . Although there is a town in California called Sunset Beach , the show 's beach scenes were shot on nearby Seal Beach . The show was co-produced by NBC and Spelling Television . Sunset Beach won two Daytime Emmy Awards and was nominated another eleven times . The show also received twenty-two nominations for various other awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fa372d29b902c23059f58e6252227e94", "text": "Jennifer Grant Jennifer Diane Grant ( born February 26 , 1966 ) is an American actress , the only child of actors Cary Grant and Dyan Cannon . She is best known for roles in the television series Beverly Hills , 90210 and Movie Stars .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8e5ba46248f1cfc346148d37dd812a39", "text": "List of Once Upon a Time episodes Once Upon a Time is an American fairy tale drama television series created by Edward Kitsis and Adam Horowitz , who also serve as executive producers alongside Steve Pearlman . It debuted on ABC on October 23 , 2011 . The first season introduces a bail bond agent , Emma Swan ( Jennifer Morrison ) and her birth-son , Henry Mills ( Jared S. Gilmore ) , who discover that a New England town named Storybrooke , Maine is actually a remnant of a parallel world that was cursed by Henry 's adoptive mother the Evil Queen/Mayor Regina Mills ( Lana Parrilla ) and that all the characters from the fairy tales have no memories of who they were , including the parents of Emma : Snow White/Mary Margaret Blanchard ( Ginnifer Goodwin ) and Prince Charming/David Nolan ( Josh Dallas ) , who sent her to the real world to save their world and break the curse . On May 11 , 2017 , the series was renewed for a seventh season of 22 episodes , which will feature a `` soft '' reboot .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "34b32df42479e1bc201563b1eed96eda", "text": "That '80s Show That '80s Show is an American sitcom that aired from January through May 2002 . Despite having a similar name , show structure , and many of the same writers and production staff , it is not considered a direct-sequel of the more successful That '70s Show . The characters and story lines from both shows never crossed paths . Although the main character , Corey Howard ( Glenn Howerton ) , is designed as Eric Forman 's ( Topher Grace ) cousin , the show itself was a separate decade-based show created because of That '70s Show '' 's popularity at the time . The show was set in 1984 and revolved around the lives of a group of friends living in San Diego , California . It debuted January 23 , 2002 , and the final episode aired May 29 , 2002 . Its regular time slot was on Wednesday nights at 8:00 / 7:00 Central on the Fox Network , although a few shows were aired on different nights . Its main time slot competitors were ABC 's My Wife and Kids , CBS 's 60 Minutes II , and NBC 's Ed '' . All 13 episodes , which were filmed at CBS Studio Center , aired at least once .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3efa2618918bdb89c44598de9aa76733", "text": "Blue Heelers (season 8) The eighth season of the Australian police-drama Blue Heelers premiered on the Seven Network on 21 February 2001 and aired on Wednesday nights at 8:30 PM . The 41-episode season concluded 28 November 2001 .", "title": "" } ]
fever
6dc5e018b97955815e92da19227f06a8
Linux is free and open-source software.
[ { "docid": "c7c5abb2c5b616403867a2103d592636", "text": "Free and open-source software Free and open-source software ( FOSS ) is computer software that can be classified as both free software and open-source software . That is , anyone is freely licensed to use , copy , study , and change the software in any way , and the source code is openly shared so that people are encouraged to voluntarily improve the design of the software . This is in contrast to proprietary software , where the software is under restrictive copyright and the source code is usually hidden from the users . The benefits of using FOSS can include decreasing software costs , increasing security and stability ( especially in regard to malware ) , protecting privacy , and giving users more control over their own hardware . Free , open-source operating systems such as Linux and descendents of BSD are widely utilized today , powering millions of servers , desktops , smartphones ( e.g. Android ) , and other devices . Free software licenses and open-source licenses are used by many software packages .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8e5a41953645f6a25bf045499f8330a1", "text": "Linux Linux ( pronounced -LSB- - en audio = Linus-linux . oggˈlɪnəks -RSB- or , less frequently , -LSB- ˈlaɪnəks -RSB- ) is a Unix-like computer operating system assembled under the model of free and open-source software development and distribution . The defining component of Linux is the Linux kernel , an operating system kernel first released on September 17 , 1991 by Linus Torvalds . The Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to describe the operating system , which has led to some controversy . Linux was originally developed for personal computers based on the Intel x86 architecture , but has since been ported to more platforms than any other operating system . Because of the dominance of Android on smartphones , Linux has the largest installed base of all general-purpose operating systems . Linux is also the leading operating system on servers and other big iron systems such as mainframe computers , and is used on 99.6 % of the TOP500 supercomputers . It is used by around 2.3 % of desktop computers . The Chromebook , which runs the Linux kernel-based Chrome OS , dominates the US K -- 12 education market and represents nearly 20 % of the sub - $ 300 notebook sales in the US . Linux also runs on embedded systems -- devices whose operating system is typically built into the firmware and is highly tailored to the system . This includes TiVo and similar DVR devices , network routers , facility automation controls , televisions , video game consoles and smartwatches . Many smartphones and tablet computers run Android and other Linux derivatives . The development of Linux is one of the most prominent examples of free and open-source software collaboration . The underlying source code may be used , modified and distributedcommercially or non-commerciallyby anyone under the terms of its respective licenses , such as the GNU General Public License . Typically , Linux is packaged in a form known as a Linux distribution ( or distro for short ) for both desktop and server use . Some of the most popular mainstream Linux distributions are Arch Linux , CentOS , Debian , Fedora , Gentoo Linux , Linux Mint , Mageia , openSUSE and Ubuntu , together with commercial distributions such as Red Hat Enterprise Linux and SUSE Linux Enterprise Server . Distributions include the Linux kernel , supporting utilities and libraries , many of which are provided by the GNU Project , and usually a large amount of application software to fulfil the distribution 's intended use . Desktop Linux distributions include a windowing system , such as X11 , Mir or a Wayland implementation , and an accompanying desktop environment such as GNOME or the KDE Software Compilation ; some distributions may also include a less resource-intensive desktop , such as LXDE or Xfce . Distributions intended to run on servers may omit all graphical environments from the standard install , and instead include other software to set up and operate a solution stack such as LAMP . Because Linux is freely redistributable , anyone may create a distribution for any intended use .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "9674a4e4773e9a4a8ca0618bc54fb25d", "text": "Open Software Foundation The Open Software Foundation ( OSF ) was a not-for-profit organization founded in 1988 under the U.S. National Cooperative Research Act of 1984 to create an open standard for an implementation of the UNIX operating system . In February 1996 Open Software Foundation merged with X/Open to become The Open Group .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0d6b834c13871cd68d0dcd81809833f8", "text": "Lsh lsh is a free software implementation of the Secure Shell ( SSH ) protocol version 2 , by the GNU Project including both server and client programs . Featuring SRP as specified in secsh-srp besides , public-key authentication . Kerberos is somewhat supported as well . Currently however for password verification only , not as an SSO method . secsh-srp lsh was started from scratch and predates OpenSSH , a more popular alternative . Karim Yaghmour concluded in 2003 that lsh was `` not fit for use '' in production embedded Linux systems , because of its dependencies upon other software packages , that have a multiplicity of further dependencies . The lsh package requires the GNU MP library , zlib , and liboop , the latter of which in turn requires glib , which then requires pkg-config . Yaghmour further notes that lsh suffers from cross-compilation problems that it inherits from glib . `` If -LSB- ... -RSB- your target is n't the same architecture as your host , '' he states , `` LSH is n't a practical choice at this time . '' Debian provides packages of lsh as lsh-server , lsh-utils , lsh-doc and lsh-client .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "98c1b712e6cd98816527689a0b264863", "text": "SCO and SGI During the SCO Forum 2003 , The SCO Group ( SCO ) showed several examples of allegedly illegal copying of copyrighted code into Linux . The open source community quickly debunked most of the examples shown . In particular , one example showed that code from Unix was indeed used in some of SGI 's Linux contributions . The Linux maintainers stated that the code in question had in fact already been removed from Linux before the example had been revealed -- not because it was infringing , but because the code in question had needlessly duplicated some functions which were already present in Linux . SGI and other analysts also responded to this matter and confirmed that the code in question had never infringed at all .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "566a9f735424e1258102e6eaff06c6a7", "text": "GNU Build System The GNU Build System , also known as the Autotools , is a suite of programming tools designed to assist in making source code packages portable to many Unix-like systems . It can be difficult to make a software program portable : the C compiler differs from system to system ; certain library functions are missing on some systems ; header files may have different names . One way to handle this is to write conditional code , with code blocks selected by means of preprocessor directives ( #ifdef ) ; but because of the wide variety of build environments this approach quickly becomes unmanageable . Autotools is designed to address this problem more manageably . Autotools is part of the GNU toolchain and is widely used in many free software and open source packages . Its component tools are free software-licensed under the GNU General Public License with special license exceptions permitting its use with proprietary software . The GNU Build System makes it possible to build many programs using a two-step process : configure followed by make .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "affc9057ce8a4784e75b68980639e888", "text": "Fórum Internacional Software Livre Fórum Internacional do Software Livre ( FISL ) ( International Free Software Forum ) is an event sponsored by Associação Software Livre.Org ( Free Software Association ) , a Brazilian NGO that , among other goals , seeks the promotion and adoption of free software . It takes place every year in Porto Alegre , the capital of Rio Grande Do Sul , the southernmost state of Brazil . The event is meant as a `` get-together '' of students , researchers , social movements for freedom of information , entrepreneurs , Information Technology ( IT ) enterprises , governments , and other interested people . It is considered one of the world ´ s largest free software events , harboring technical , political and social debates in an integrated way . It gathers discussions , speeches , personalities and novelties both national and international in the free software world .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "54f38c1b298391a1d4a5925f917222d0", "text": "Departmental boot image A departmental boot image is a boot image for any computer that has been enhanced by adding some applications and passwords specific to a task or group or department in an organization . This has many of the advantages of a thin client strategy , but can be done on any operating system base as long as the boot device is large enough to accommodate the boot and applications together . A typical departmental Windows XP boot image is usually so large that it requires a DVD to store , and may be too large for network booting . Accordingly , it is usually installed on a fixed or removable hard drive kept inside the machine , rather than installed over a network or from a ROM . There are some boot image control complexity and total cost of operations advantages to using a departmental boot image instead of a common boot image for the entire organization , or a thin client : all the capabilities of a full operating system are available , not just those of a thin client applications with inflexible software licenses need not be paid for the entire organization , but can be paid only for the departments that actually use them and have them installed on their machines applications that interact badly can be segmented so that an accounting program and an engineering program do not `` clobber each other 's libraries '' or otherwise interfere as they would if both sets of applications were installed in one boot image overall size of each boot image can be controlled to fit within network or removable disk limits Disadvantages include the complexity of creating and managing several large boot images , and determining when a department needs to upgrade its applications . If each user is allowed to do this on their own , then , the discipline soon degrades and the shop will be no easier to manage than one that consists of one-off computers with their own quirks , frequently requiring re-imaging and whose issues are not really diagnosable nor comparable to each other . Some experts believe that any departmental boot image regime degrades rather quickly to this state without extraordinary discipline and controls , and advocate thin clients to ensure such control . It is however increasingly possible to restrict users from installing `` their own '' applications on a standard boot image , and to automatically re-install when a variant boot image is detected . While this would be draconian in a large organization with one boot image it is often quite acceptable when the boot image is maintained at a departmental level and users can request that it be upgraded with a minimum of bureaucracy and waiting . Category : Booting Category : Disk images", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ae6384eb07ea0c75ebb8cb5f87a4f779", "text": "File system In computing , a file system or filesystem is used to control how data is stored and retrieved . Without a file system , information placed in a storage medium would be one large body of data with no way to tell where one piece of information stops and the next begins . By separating the data into pieces and giving each piece a name , the information is easily isolated and identified . Taking its name from the way paper-based information systems are named , each group of data is called a `` file '' . The structure and logic rules used to manage the groups of information and their names is called a `` file system '' . There are many different kinds of file systems . Each one has different structure and logic , properties of speed , flexibility , security , size and more . Some file systems have been designed to be used for specific applications . For example , the ISO 9660 file system is designed specifically for optical discs . File systems can be used on numerous different types of storage devices that use different kinds of media . The most common storage device in use today is a hard disk drive . Other kinds of media that are used include flash memory , magnetic tapes , and optical discs . In some cases , such as with tmpfs , the computer 's main memory ( random-access memory , RAM ) is used to create a temporary file system for short-term use . Some file systems are used on local data storage devices ; others provide file access via a network protocol ( for example , NFS , SMB , or 9P clients ) . Some file systems are `` virtual '' , meaning that the supplied `` files '' ( called virtual files ) are computed on request ( e.g. procfs ) or are merely a mapping into a different file system used as a backing store . The file system manages access to both the content of files and the metadata about those files . It is responsible for arranging storage space ; reliability , efficiency , and tuning with regard to the physical storage medium are important design considerations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c80bd7c54825e294b09f73b02e1a965e", "text": "Open Software License The Open Software License ( OSL ) is a software license created by Lawrence Rosen . The Open Source Initiative ( OSI ) has certified it as an open-source license , but the Debian project judged version 1.1 to be incompatible with the DFSG . The OSL is a copyleft license , with a termination clause triggered by filing a lawsuit alleging patent infringement . Many people in the free software / open-source community feel that software patents are harmful to software , and are particularly harmful to open-source software . The OSL attempts to counteract that by creating a pool of software which a user can use if that user does not harm it by attacking it with a patent lawsuit .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "41a37de401aca83092b2883d8e58da85", "text": "Ututo Ututo is a Linux distribution consisting entirely of free software . The distribution is named for a variety of gecko found in northern Argentina . Ututo was the first fully free Linux-based system recognized by the GNU Project . The founder of the GNU Project , Richard Stallman , formerly endorsed the distribution nearly exclusively , and used it on his personal computer , before he switched to gNewSense , and later Trisquel .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b29a7b15dc33690def877e234ac4bcc8", "text": "MS-DOS MS-DOS ( -LSB- ˌɛmɛsˈdɒs -RSB- ; acronym for Microsoft Disk Operating System ) is a discontinued operating system for x86-based personal computers mostly developed by Microsoft . Collectively , MS-DOS , its rebranding as IBM PC DOS , and some operating systems attempting to be compatible with MS-DOS , are sometimes referred to as `` DOS '' ( which is also the generic acronym for disk operating system ) . MS-DOS was the main operating system for IBM PC compatible personal computers during the 1980s and the early 1990s , when it was gradually superseded by operating systems offering a graphical user interface ( GUI ) , in various generations of the graphical Microsoft Windows operating system . MS-DOS resulted from a request in 1981 by IBM for an operating system to use in its IBM PC range of personal computers . Microsoft quickly bought the rights to 86-DOS from Seattle Computer Products , and began work on modifying it to meet IBM 's specification . IBM licensed and released it in August 1981 as PC DOS 1.0 for use in their PCs . Although MS-DOS and PC DOS were initially developed in parallel by Microsoft and IBM , the two products diverged after twelve years , in 1993 , with recognizable differences in compatibility , syntax , and capabilities . During its life , several competing products were released for the x86 platform , and MS-DOS went through eight versions , until development ceased in 2000 . Initially MS-DOS was targeted at Intel 8086 processors running on computer hardware using floppy disks to store and access not only the operating system , but application software and user data as well . Progressive version releases delivered support for other mass storage media in ever greater sizes and formats , along with added feature support for newer processors and rapidly evolving computer architectures . Ultimately it was the key product in Microsoft 's growth from a programming languages company to a diverse software development firm , providing the company with essential revenue and marketing resources . It was also the underlying basic operating system on which early versions of Windows ran as a GUI . It is a flexible operating system , and consumes negligible installation space .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "baa920e4d0848daf189dfc1de21d6330", "text": "Legal aspects of computing Legal aspects of computing are related to the overlapping areas of law and computing . The first one , historically , was information technology law ( or IT law ) . ( `` IT law '' should not be confused with the IT aspects of law itself , although there are overlapping issues . ) IT law consists of the law ( statutes , regulations , and caselaw ) which governs the digital dissemination of both ( digitalized ) information and software itself ( see history of free and open-source software ) , and legal aspects of information technology more broadly . IT law covers mainly the digital information ( including information security and electronic commerce ) aspects and it has been described as `` paper laws '' for a `` paperless environment '' . Cyberlaw or Internet law is a term that encapsulates the legal issues related to use of the Internet . It is less a distinct field of law than intellectual property or contract law , as it is a domain covering many areas of law and regulation . Some leading topics include internet access and usage , privacy , freedom of expression , and jurisdiction . `` Computer law '' is a third term which tends to relate to issues including both Internet law and the patent and copyright aspects of computer technology and software .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18e2d21f43d6931bd8d752ce14fca131", "text": "History of Linux The history of Linux began in 1991 with the commencement of a personal project by Finnish student Linus Torvalds to create a new free operating system kernel . Since then , the resulting Linux kernel has been marked by constant growth throughout its history . Since the initial release of its source code in 1991 , it has grown from a small number of C files under a license prohibiting commercial distribution to the 4.2.3 version in 2015 with more than 18 million lines of source code under the GNU General Public License v2 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d1175e3b09a826883752d9ea902e9255", "text": "Sudo sudo ( -LSB- ˈsuːduː -RSB- or -LSB- ˈsuːdoː -RSB- ) is a program for Unix-like computer operating systems that allows users to run programs with the security privileges of another user , by default the superuser . It originally stood for `` superuser do '' as the older versions of sudo were designed to run commands only as the superuser . However , the later versions added support for running commands not only as the superuser but also as other ( restricted ) users , and thus it is also commonly expanded as `` substitute user do '' . Although the latter case reflects its current functionality more accurately , sudo is still often called `` superuser do '' since it is so often used for administrative tasks . Unlike the similar command su , users must , by default , supply their own password for authentication , rather than the password of the target user . After authentication , and if the configuration file , which is typically located at / etc/sudoers , permits the user access , the system invokes the requested command . The configuration file offers detailed access permissions , including enabling commands only from the invoking terminal ; requiring a password per user or group ; requiring re-entry of a password every time or never requiring a password at all for a particular command line . It can also be configured to permit passing arguments or multiple commands .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "68d9c9aa98ccef996d7551c1c983b9c9", "text": "C file input/output The C programming language provides many standard library functions for file input and output . These functions make up the bulk of the C standard library header . The functionality descends from a `` portable I/O package '' written by Mike Lesk at Bell Labs in the early 1970s , and officially became part of the Unix operating system in Version 7 . The I/O functionality of C is fairly low-level by modern standards ; C abstracts all file operations into operations on streams of bytes , which may be `` input streams '' or `` output streams '' . Unlike some earlier programming languages , C has no direct support for random-access data files ; to read from a record in the middle of a file , the programmer must create a stream , seek to the middle of the file , and then read bytes in sequence from the stream . The stream model of file I/O was popularized by Unix , which was developed concurrently with the C programming language itself . The vast majority of modern operating systems have inherited streams from Unix , and many languages in the C programming language family have inherited C 's file I/O interface with few if any changes ( for example , PHP ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3127bbabf086c5c96e22f97a9a3b3174", "text": "MNOS (operating system) MNOS ( meaning `` MobilNaya Operatsionnaya Sistema '' , or `` Portable Operating System '' ) was a Unix-like operating system developed in the Soviet Union . It was derived from Version 6 Unix and consequently heavily modified to incorporate many features of BSD Unix . From 1983 until 1986 it enjoyed significant popularity in the USSR and other Eastern Bloc countries , due to its light weight and better performance than that of Version 7 Unix ( and later BSD Unix-based ) alternatives . Its development was initiated in the IPK Minavtoproma in Moscow in 1981 , and development continued in cooperation from other institutes , including Kurchatov Institute . MNOS and its alternative , DEMOS version 1.x , were gradually merged from 1986 until 1990 resulting in the joint OS , DEMOS version 2.x . MNOS became the first completely bilingual version of Unix , and used the proprietary 8-bit Cyrillic character set , U-code , which was later dropped in favor of KOI-8 in the process of merging with DEMOS . The origin of the version qualifier `` RL '' is `` Rabochaya Loshadka '' ( The working horsy )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4ff311eda84de2ba2f664a3ccd1d9163", "text": "Mac-on-Linux Mac-on-Linux is an open source virtual machine program for running the classic Mac OS or Mac OS X on PowerPC computers running Linux . It can also be used to run another instance of Linux for PowerPC .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d623106db6aefa413f33d87f5dac955f", "text": "GNU GNU -LSB- ɡnuː -RSB- is an operating system and an extensive collection of computer software . GNU is composed wholly of free software , most of which is licensed under the GNU Project 's own GPL . GNU is a recursive acronym for `` GNU 's Not Unix ! '' , chosen because GNU 's design is Unix-like , but differs from Unix by being free software and containing no Unix code . The GNU project includes an operating system kernel , GNU HURD , which was the original focus of the Free Software Foundation ( FSF ) . However , non-GNU kernels , most famously Linux , can also be used with GNU software ; as the kernel is not yet production-ready , this is how the GNU system is usually used . The combination of GNU software and the Linux kernel is commonly known as Linux ( or less frequently GNU/Linux ; see GNU/Linux naming controversy ) . Richard Stallman , the founder of the project , views GNU as a `` technical means to a social end '' . Relatedly Lawrence Lessig states in his introduction to the second edition of Stallman 's book Free Software , Free Society that in it Stallman has written about `` the social aspects of software and how Free Software can create community and social justice . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "039183cbe5754214ae1cfe886c1decc1", "text": "Parabola GNU/Linux-libre Parabola GNU/Linux-libre is a Linux distribution for computers using the i686 and x86-64 architectures . It is based on Arch Linux , and for the ARMv7 architecture based on Arch Linux ARM , but uses only free software . It includes the GNU OS tools and the Linux-libre kernel instead of the generic Linux kernel . The development focuses on simplicity , community involvement and use of the latest free software packages . Parabola GNU/Linux-libre is listed by the Free Software Foundation as a completely free operating system . Parabola GNU/Linux-libre uses a rolling release model , such that a regular system update is all that is needed to obtain the latest software .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8bc22647e6582a2e4881f20c25c0632b", "text": "Linux color management Linux color management has the same goal as the color management systems ( CMS ) for other operating systems : to achieve the best possible color reproduction throughout an imaging workflow from its source ( camera , video , scanner , etc. ) , through imaging software ( CinePaint , Digikam , GIMP , Krita , Scribus , etc. ) , and finally onto an output medium ( monitor , video projector , printer , etc. ) . In particular , color management attempts to support WYSIWYG ( What You See Is What You Get ) on-screen previewing ( soft-proofing ) ability for color work such as retouching prior to printing . Note that in practice , what counts as `` best '' is determined according to some algorithm and may not correspond well to what a human eye would consider best . Linux color management relies on the use of accurate International Color Consortium ( ICC ) profiles describing the behavior of devices such as digital cameras , monitors or printers , and color-managed applications that are aware of these profiles . These applications perform gamut conversions between device profiles and color spaces . Gamut conversions , based on accurate device profiles , are the essence of color management . Historically , color management was not an initial design consideration of the X11 display system on which much of Linux graphics support rests , and thus color managed workflows have been somewhat more challenging to implement on Linux than under OS 's such as Microsoft Windows or Mac OS X . This situation is now being progressively remedied , however it must be admitted that color management under Linux , while functional , has not yet acquired mature status . Although it is now possible to obtain a very consistent color management workflow under Linux , certain problems still remain : The absence of a central user control panel for color settings . Many hardware devices for color calibration lack drivers and proper supporting software on Linux . Some necessary software such as LUT loaders can seldom be found in the package repositories of even the major Linux distributions . Since ICC color profiles are written to an open specification , they are compatible across OS 's . Hence , a profile produced on a specific OS should work on any other OS given the availability of the necessary software to read it and perform the gamut conversions . This can be used as a workaround for the lack of support for certain spectrophotometers or colorimeters under Linux : one can simply produce a profile on a different OS and then use it in a Linux workflow . Additionally , certain hardware , such as most printers and certain monitors , can be calibrated under another OS and then used in a fully color-managed workflow on Linux . The popular Ubuntu Linux distribution added initial colour management in the 11.10 release ( the `` Oneiric Ocelot '' release ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "df39db8fcc5a03ae454eb2411dbd1230", "text": "Open-source software security Open-source software security is the measure of assurance or guarantee in the freedom from danger and risk inherent to an open-source software system .", "title": "" } ]
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6bebb0ed782945f7f7b8947cc606f40c
Anne Hathaway was nominated for an Academy Award.
[ { "docid": "1b2c6050c18eaccd08c37fed6c588d37", "text": "Anne Hathaway Anne Jacqueline Hathaway ( born November 12 , 1982 ) is an American actress and singer . Born in Brooklyn , New York and brought up in Millburn , New Jersey , Hathaway was inspired to act by her mother and as a high school student was nominated for the Paper Mill Playhouse Rising Star Award for Best Performance by a High School Actress for her performance in Once Upon a Mattress . She made her professional screen debut in the short-lived Fox television series Get Real ( 1999 -- 2000 ) , before landing the lead role of Mia Thermopolis in the Disney comedy film The Princess Diaries ( 2001 ) , for which she won the Teen Choice Award for Choice Movie Actress -- Comedy . Hathaway went on to become a widely praised `` role model for children '' for her roles in Nicholas Nickleby ( 2002 ) , Ella Enchanted ( 2004 ) , The Princess Diaries 2 : Royal Engagement ( 2004 ) , and Hoodwinked ! ( 2005 ) . Hathaway began to transition to more adult roles in 2005 , winning a DVD Exclusive Award for Best Actress for Havoc ( 2005 ) , receiving a Screen Actors Guild Award nomination for her role in the critically acclaimed Brokeback Mountain ( 2005 ) , garnering further recognition for appearing alongside Meryl Streep in The Devil Wears Prada ( 2006 ) , and earning a BIFA nomination for Best Performance by an Actress for her portrayal of Jane Austen in Becoming Jane ( 2007 ) . Hathaway received praise for her performance as a recovering drug addict in Rachel Getting Married ( 2008 ) , for which she won the Critics ' Choice Movie Award for Best Actress and was nominated for the Academy , Golden Globe , Screen Actors Guild , and Indie Spirit Awards for Best Actress / Female Lead . She went on to win her second Teen Choice Award for Choice Movie Actress -- Comedy for starring in Bride Wars ( 2009 ) and in 2010 , appeared in the box office hits Valentine 's Day , Alice in Wonderland and Love & Other Drugs , which earned her the Satellite Award for Best Actress and a nomination for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress -- Motion Picture Comedy or Musical . In 2011 , Hathaway voiced Jewel in the animated film Rio and hosted the 83rd Academy Awards with James Franco , which was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Special Class Program . In 2012 , she portrayed Catwoman in Christopher Nolan 's The Dark Knight Rises , for which she won the Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actress . The same year , she starred as Fantine in Tom Hooper 's Les Misérables , which earned her widespread acclaim and she won the Academy , Golden Globe , BAFTA , and SAG Awards for Best Supporting Actress . Hathaway has since gone on to appear in Rio 2 ( 2014 ) , Interstellar ( 2014 ) , The Intern ( 2015 ) , and reprised her role as the White Queen in Alice Through the Looking Glass ( 2016 ) . People magazine named Hathaway one of its breakthrough stars of 2001 , and she appeared on its list of the world 's 50 Most Beautiful People in 2006 . Following a four-year relationship with real estate developer Raffaello Follieri , Hathaway married Adam Shulman in 2012 , with whom she has one son , born in March 2016 .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "def0aedff5557d0ee35128535de300bd", "text": "American Film Institute The American Film Institute ( AFI ) is an American film organization that educates filmmakers and honors the heritage of the motion picture arts in the United States . AFI is supported by private funding and public membership .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "363707d675f0a005885c6618422cdada", "text": "Cate Blanchett on screen and stage Cate Blanchett is an Australian actress who has extensively appeared in film and stage . She made her stage debut in 1992 by playing Electra in the National Institute of Dramatic Art production of the same name . She followed it with performances in Timothy Daly 's Kafka Dances ( 1993 ) and the Sydney Theatre Company stage production of Oleanna ( 1993 ) opposite Geoffrey Rush . Blanchett won the Sydney Theatre Critics Award for Best Newcomer for the former and Best Actress for the latter , making her the first person to win both awards at once . She went on to perform several roles on stage , notably Susan Traherne in Plenty ( 1999 ) , Hedda Gabler in Hedda Gabler ( 2004 ) , Blanche DuBois in A Streetcar Named Desire ( 2009 ) , Yelena in Uncle Vanya ( 2011 ) and Claire in The Maids ( 2013 ) . In 1997 , Blanchett made her feature film debut in a supporting role in the World War II drama Paradise Road . The same year , she had her first leading role in Oscar and Lucinda , which earned her an AACTA Award nomination for Best Actress . Blanchett received worldwide attention for playing Queen Elizabeth I of England in the acclaimed drama Elizabeth ( 1998 ) . Her performance garnered her a Golden Globe and a BAFTA Award for Best Actress and her first Academy Award nomination for Best Actress . Elizabeth and her next film , the thriller The Talented Mr. Ripley ( 1999 ) , performed well at the box office . However , her other 1999 releasesthe widely praised An Ideal Husband and the largely panned Pushing Tinwere unsuccessful . Blanchett found greater success for portraying Galadriel in Peter Jackson 's epic fantasy trilogy The Lord of the Rings ( 2001-03 ) . During this period , she also appeared in several films which had mixed reception and performed poorly at the box office . She won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress , among other honors for portraying Katharine Hepburn in Martin Scorsese 's 2004 drama The Aviator , making her the only actor to win an Oscar for portraying another Oscar-winning actor . Her only screen appearance in 2005 was in Little Fish , for which she won the AACTA Award for Best Actress . Blanchett 's performance in the 2006 thriller Notes on a Scandal garnered her another Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress . In 2007 , she received both Best Actress and Best Supporting Actress Oscar nominations for her roles in Elizabeth : The Golden Age and I 'm Not There , becoming one of the few actors to achieve this feat . In 2008 , Blanchett appeared in Steven Spielberg 's action adventure Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull and David Fincher 's fantasy drama The Curious Case of Benjamin Button . She briefly reprised her role of Galadriel in the The Hobbit trilogy ( 2012-14 ) . For her performance as the titular socialite in Woody Allen 's 2013 drama Blue Jasmine , Blanchett won the Golden Globe , the BAFTA Award , the SAG Award and the Academy Award for Best Actress . In 2014 , she voiced Valka in the $ 620 million-grossing animated fantasy How to Train Your Dragon 2 . In 2015 , she received praise for playing Lady Tremaine in Disney 's live action film Cinderella , Mary Mapes in Truth and the titular character in Todd Haynes 's romantic drama Carol . Cinderella was a notable box office success while Carol garnered her seventh Oscar nomination . Blanchett made her Broadway debut in 2017 with The Present , receiving her first Tony Award nomination for the Best Actress in a Play .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "edc1260565d7d1f54625d192e73f850a", "text": "List of awards and nominations received by Anne Hathaway The following is a list of awards and nominations received by Anne Hathaway throughout her acting career .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5349efb37d6a05cec1e9202ce515c28", "text": "List of submissions to the 85th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film This is a list of submissions to the 85th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film . The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) has invited the film industries of various countries to submit their best film for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film every year since the award was created in 1956 . The award is presented annually by the Academy to a feature-length motion picture produced outside the United States that contains primarily non-English dialogue . The Foreign Language Film Award Committee oversees the process and reviews all the submitted films . Nine shortlisted contenders will be revealed a week before the announcement of the Oscar nominations . The submitted motion pictures must be first released theatrically in their respective countries between 1 October 2011 , and 30 September 2012 . On 8 October 2012 , the Academy announced the final list of eligible submissions , with a record number of 71 films . Nine finalists were announced in December 2012 , which were shortlisted in January , with the final five nominees announced on 10 January 2013 . The Austrian entry Amour directed by Michael Haneke was the eventual winner . Kenya submitted its first film in the Foreign Language category with Nairobi Half Life . Cambodia made its first submission in 18 years ( and its second overall ) with Lost Loves .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18a75c5ad0c17a861ba966e0fbe71d59", "text": "BAFTA Award for Best Film The BAFTA Award for Best Film is given annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts and presented at the British Academy Film Awards . It has been given since the 1st BAFTA Awards , representing the best films of 1947 , but until 1969 it was called the BAFTA Award for Best Film From Any Source . It is possible for films from any country to be nominated , although British films are also recognised in the category BAFTA Award for Best British Film and ( since 1983 ) foreign-language films in BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language . As such , there have been multiple occasions of a film being nominated in two of these categories . There has been one tie for the Best Film award when , in 1962 , Ballad of a Soldier tied with The Hustler for Best Film from any Source . Until 1981 , the award was given to the director , except in 1976 and 1977 , when it was given to the producers . From 1981 to 1985 , it was given solely to the producers , and then in 1986 , it was shared between the Director and Producer . In 1998 , it was once again given to only the producers . In the following lists , the titles and names in bold with a dark grey background are the winners and recipients respectively ; those not in bold are the nominees . The years given are those in which the films under consideration were released , not the year of the ceremony , which always takes place the following year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9924f378e29c2ba9ce82e2972ecdcaa2", "text": "List of actors nominated for two Academy Awards in the same year The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences has had occurrences of actors and actresses nominated for two different Academy Awards in acting categories in a single year , with the first instance in 1938 . Provided that they receive enough votes from the Academy in both categories to earn a nomination , there are no restrictions on actors being nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor and Best Supporting Actor or actresses being nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress and Best Supporting Actress in any given year . The sole rule with regard to multiple nominations is that an actor or actress can not receive multiple nominations for the same performance . This rule was introduced in 1944 after Barry Fitzgerald received a Best Actor nomination and a Best Supporting Actor nomination for his performance in Going My Way . As of 2015 , 11 actors and actresses have been nominated for two different Academy Awards in the same year . The first of these actors and actresses was Fay Bainter , who received nominations for her performances in White Banners and Jezebel at the 11th Academy Awards . The most recent occurrence was during the 80th Academy Awards , in which Cate Blanchett received nominations for Elizabeth : The Golden Age and I 'm Not There . Seven of these actors and actresses received an Academy Award in one of the categories they were nominated in , and none have won two Academy Awards in the same year . Four did not receive an Academy Award in either category : Sigourney Weaver ( nominations for Gorillas in the Mist and Working Girl ) , Emma Thompson ( nominations for The Remains of the Day and In the Name of the Father ) , Julianne Moore ( nominations for Far from Heaven and The Hours ) , and Cate Blanchett ( nominations for Elizabeth : The Golden Age and I 'm Not There ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "265457bbd71c6794b018f6d68b1e85e8", "text": "25th Academy Awards The 25th Academy Awards ceremony was held on March 19 , 1953 . It took place at the RKO Pantages Theatre in Hollywood , California , and the NBC International Theatre in New York City . It was the first Academy Awards ceremony to be televised , and the first ceremony to be held in Hollywood and New York City simultaneously . It was also the only year that the New York ceremonies were to be held in the NBC International Theatre on Columbus Circle , which was shortly thereafter demolished and replaced by the New York Coliseum convention center . A major upset occurred in the category of Best Picture . The heavily favored High Noon lost to Cecil B. DeMille 's The Greatest Show on Earth , eventually considered among the worst films to have won the Academy Award for Best Picture . The American film magazine Premiere placed the movie on its list of the 10 worst Oscar winners and the British film magazine Empire rated it # 3 on their list of the 10 worst Oscar winners . It has the lowest spot on Rotten Tomatoes ' list of the 81 films to win Best Picture . Of all the films nominated for the Oscar this year , only High Noon and Singin ' in the Rain would show up 46 years later on the American Film Institute list of the greatest American films of the 20th Century . For a film that only received two nominations , Singin ' in the Rain went on to be named as the greatest American musical film of all time and in the 2007 American Film Institute updated list as the fifth greatest American film of all time , while High Noon was ranked twenty-seventh on the same 2007 list , as well . The Bad and the Beautiful won five awards , the most wins ever for a film not nominated for Best Picture . It was also the second Academy Awards in which a film not nominated for Best Picture received the most awards of the evening , excluding years where there were ties for the most wins . The only other film to do this was The Thief of Bagdad at the 13th Academy Awards ; as of the 87th Academy Awards , it has not happened since . Until Spotlight won only Best Picture and Best Original Screenplay at the 88th Academy Awards , this was the last year in which the Best Picture winner won just two Oscars . It was also the second of three years to date in which two films not nominated for Best Picture received more nominations than the winner ( The Bad and the Beautiful and Hans Christian Andersen , both with six ) . This occurred again at the 79th Academy Awards . Shirley Booth also became the last person to win an Oscar in a Leading Role to be born in the 19th century . She also holds the distinction of being the first woman in her 50s to win the award , at the age of 54 ( the second woman in her 50s to win , Julianne Moore , was 54 when awarded at the 87th Academy Awards ) . John Ford 's fourth win for Best Director set a record for the most wins in this category that remains unmatched to this day . For the first time since the introduction of Supporting Actor and Actress awards in 1936 , Best Picture , Best Director , and all four acting Oscars went to six different films . This has happened only three times since , at the 29th Academy Awards for 1956 , the 78th for 2005 , and the 85th for 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5df96c0814e26b36c1c686b0693dcb1b", "text": "26th Academy Awards The 26th Academy Awards honored the best in films of 1953 . The second national telecast of the Awards show drew an estimated 43 million viewers . Shirley Booth , appearing in a play in Philadelphia , presented the Best Actor award through a live broadcast cut-in , and privately received the winner 's name over the telephone from co-host Donald O'Connor . ( Actor Fredric March co-hosted from New York City . ) Gary Cooper filmed his presentation of the Best Actress award in advance on a set in Mexico , with O'Connor announcing the winner 's name . All the major winners in this year were black-and-white films . The big winner was Fred Zinnemann 's From Here to Eternity , with thirteen nominations and eight awards including Best Picture , Best Supporting Actor , Best Supporting Actress , Best Director , Best Screenplay ( Daniel Taradash ) , Best Cinematography ( Burnett Guffey ) , Best Sound , and Best Film Editing . All five of its major actors and actresses were nominated , with secondary players Donna Reed and Frank Sinatra taking home Oscars . The candid film was based on James Jones ' controversial , best-selling novel about Army life on a Hawaiian ( Oahu ) military base just prior to the Pearl Harbor attack and World War II , illustrating the conflict between an individualistic private ( Montgomery Clift ) and rigid institutional authority ( exemplified by the Army ) . Its achievement of eight awards matched the then record held by Gone with the Wind ( 1939 ) . The record would be tied again the following year by On the Waterfront ( 1954 ) . Walt Disney won four awards , which remains the record for the most Oscars won in the same year . William Holden 's speech for Best Actor for his role in Stalag 17 was simply `` Thank You '' , making it one of the shortest speeches ever ; the TV broadcast had a strict cutoff time which forced Holden 's quick remarks . The frustrated Holden personally paid for advertisements in the Hollywood trade publications to thank everyone he wanted to on Oscar night . He also remarked that he felt that either Burt Lancaster or Montgomery Clift should have won the Best Actor Oscar for From Here to Eternity , instead of him .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d303954b27e018d4558c138c35cf71a", "text": "My Fair Lady (film) My Fair Lady is a 1964 American musical film adapted from the Lerner and Loewe eponymous stage musical based on the 1913 stage play Pygmalion by George Bernard Shaw . With a screenplay by Alan Jay Lerner and directed by George Cukor , the film depicts a poor Cockney flower seller named Eliza Doolittle who overhears an arrogant phonetics professor , Henry Higgins , as he casually wagers that he could teach her to speak `` proper '' English , thereby making her presentable in the high society of Edwardian London . The film stars Audrey Hepburn and Rex Harrison as Eliza Doolittle and Henry Higgins respectively , with Stanley Holloway , Gladys Cooper and Wilfrid Hyde-White in supporting roles . A critical and commercial success , it won eight Academy Awards , including Best Picture , Best Actor , and Best Director . In 1998 , the American Film Institute named it the 91st greatest American film of all time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3fc8c26e192f0c0dc444a866e5eb98a0", "text": "List of Belgian submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film Belgium has submitted films for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film since 1967 . The award is handed out annually by the United States Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences to a feature-length motion picture produced outside the United States that contains primarily non-English dialogue . It was not created until the 1956 Academy Awards , in which a competitive Academy Award of Merit , known as the Best Foreign Language Film Award , was created for non-English speaking films , and has been given annually since . Seven Belgian films have been nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film . Of these films , two have been directed by Gérard Corbiau : The Music Teacher and Farinelli . The five other Belgian directors to have films accepted as nominees are Jacques Boigelot , Stijn Coninx , Dominique Deruddere , Michaël R. Roskam and Felix Van Groeningen . Boigelot 's Peace in the Fields was accepted as a nominee at the 43rd Academy Awards , Stijn Coninx 's Daens was a nominee in 1993 , Deruddere 's Everybody 's Famous ! was a nominee at the 73rd Academy Awards , Roskam 's Bullhead for the 84th and Van Groeningen 's The Broken Circle Breakdown for the 86th .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa6e9c8487342b7db1fdcd2454aa3ebd", "text": "BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language The BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language is given annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts and presented at the British Academy Film Awards . The award was first given at the 36th British Academy Film Awards , recognising the films of 1982 , and until 1990 was known as the BAFTA Award for Best Foreign Film . Prior to this , films recorded in a language other than English were often recognised in the category BAFTA Award for Best Film , known between 1949 and 1969 as Best Film from any Source . In the following lists , the titles and names in bold with a dark grey background are the winners and recipients respectively ; those not in bold are the nominees . The years given are those in which the films under consideration were released , not the year of the ceremony , which always takes place the following year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b1865bbafa59476d0a042a780350d9c0", "text": "Elvi Hale Patricia Elvi Hake , born on 29 January 1931 , is a British actress who uses the name Elvi Hale professionally . Raised in Romford , Essex , she may be best known for playing Anne of Cleves in The Six Wives of Henry VIII , broadcast in 1970 . Hale was nominated for a BAFTA award for most promising film newcomer for her performance in Wendy Toye 's True as a Turtle ( 1957 ) . She retired from film and television work in 1990 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "56563307d80f178eefa7f73cb22d6e44", "text": "78th Academy Awards The 78th Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , took place on March 5 , 2006 , at the Kodak Theatre in Hollywood , Los Angeles beginning at 5:00 p.m. PST / 8:00 p.m. EST. . The ceremony was scheduled one week later than usual to avoid conflicting with the 2006 Winter Olympics . During the ceremony , AMPAS presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 24 categories honoring films released in 2005 . The ceremony , televised in the United States by ABC , was produced by Gil Cates and directed by Louis J. Horvitz . Actor Jon Stewart hosted the show for the first time . Two weeks earlier in a ceremony at The Beverly Hilton in Beverly Hills , California held on February 18 , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Rachel McAdams . Crash won three awards including Academy Award for Best Picture . Other winners included Brokeback Mountain , King Kong , and Memoirs of a Geisha also with three awards apiece , and Capote , The Chronicles of Narnia : The Lion , the Witch and the Wardrobe , The Constant Gardener , Hustle and Flow , March of the Penguins , The Moon and the Son : An Imagined Conversation , A Note of Triumph : The Golden Age of Norman Corwin , Six Shooter , Syriana , Tsotsi , Walk the Line , and Wallace & Gromit : The Curse of the Were-Rabbit with one each . The telecast garnered nearly 39 million viewers in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7e842e889dc5d38f8e209c230781ecec", "text": "1939 Academy Awards 1939 Academy Awards may refer to : 11th Academy Awards , the Academy Awards ceremony that took place in 1939 12th Academy Awards , the 1940 ceremony honoring the best in film for 1939", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f6b17ddd5f31df752a129ff29ae7060c", "text": "List of Singaporean submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film Singapore has submitted films for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film on a fairly regular basis since 2005 . Singapore also submitted a single film while a British colony in 1959 . The Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film is handed out annually by the United States Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences to a feature-length motion picture produced outside the United States that contains primarily non-English dialogue . As of 2016 , a total of ten films have been submitted for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film , but none has yet received an Oscar nomination .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6620828ce45de69990112f3dcfe31176", "text": "Critics' Circle Award for Distinguished Service to the Arts Each year since 1988 The Critics ' Circle has presented an award for Distinguished Service to the Arts , voted for by all members of the Circle , embracing Dance , Drama , Film , Music , Visual Arts and Architecture . This performing arts Award takes the form of an engraved crystal rose bowl , presented at a celebratory luncheon . The recipients were : 1988 Sir Peter Hall 1989 Dame Ninette de Valois 1990 Sir Michael Tippett 1991 Sir David Lean 1992 Sir John Mills 1993 Sir Peter Ustinov 1994 Sir John Drummond 1995 Sir Peter Wright 1996 Sir Richard Eyre 1997 Dame Judi Dench 1998 Sir Edward Downes 1999 Harold Pinter 2000 Dame Alicia Markova 2001 Paul Scofield 2002 Sir Alfred Brendel 2003 Sir Ian McKellen 2004 Mike Leigh 2005 Alan Bennett 2006 Dame Helen Mirren 2007 Sir Tom Stoppard 2008 Peter Brook 2009 Sir Alan Ayckbourn 2010 Ken Loach 2011 Stephen Sondheim 2013 Grayson Perry 2014 Sir Nicholas Hytner 2015 Dame Maggie Smith Category : Performing arts awards", "title": "" }, { "docid": "601c999353b05e482bdc578bda7fd3f5", "text": "38th Saturn Awards The 38th Saturn Awards , honoring the best in science fiction , fantasy and horror film and television in 2011 , were held on July 26 , 2012 in Burbank , California . The awards are presented by the Academy of Science Fiction , Fantasy and Horror Films . The six Best Film Award categories were respectively won by Rise of the Planet of the Apes ( Science Fiction ) , Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows -- Part 2 ( Fantasy ) , The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo ( Horror or Thriller ) , Mission : Impossible -- Ghost Protocol ( Action or Adventure ) , The Skin I Live In ( International ) and Puss in Boots ( Animated ) . Rise of the Planet of the Apes and Super 8 led the winners with three each . In the television categories , Breaking Bad won three of its six nominations , including Best Syndicated/Cable Television Series . Fringe , The Walking Dead and Teen Wolf won the other Best Series Awards . Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows -- Part 2 became the first Harry Potter film to win Best Fantasy Film , for which the seven previous Harry Potter films were nominated , and only the second film of the series to win a Saturn Award , following The Philosopher 's Stone which won Best Costume in 2001 . Mission : Impossible -- Ghost Protocol also became the first Mission : Impossible film to win Best Action or Adventure Film , following the nominations of the first and third installments .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d3f56123540da179ece607c09c505eb", "text": "48th Academy Awards The 48th Academy Awards were presented March 29 , 1976 at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion , Los Angeles . The ceremonies were presided over by Walter Matthau , Robert Shaw , George Segal , Goldie Hawn , and Gene Kelly . This year , ABC took over broadcast rights from NBC , and continues to broadcast them today . ( NBC 's coverage of the 1976 NCAA Final Four aired opposite the ceremony ; during the presentation of the Best Film Editing award , the winner was jokingly announced ( by presenter Elliott Gould ) as `` Indiana , 86 -- 68 '' ; the Indiana Hoosiers had won the NCAA Final Four that night . ) Miloš Forman 's One Flew Over the Cuckoo 's Nest made a `` clean sweep '' of the major categories : Best Picture , Best Actor , Best Actress , Best Director and Best Screenplay ( Adapted ) . It was the second of three films to date to accomplish the sweep , following It Happened One Night in 1934 and preceding The Silence of the Lambs in 1991 . French actress Isabelle Adjani received her first nomination for Best Actress this year , making Adjani , 20 at the time , the youngest actress to be nominated in the leading actress category , breaking the record set by 22-year-old Elizabeth Hartman in 1967 . This record would later be surpassed by 13-year-old Keisha Castle-Hughes in 2004 , and again in 2013 by nine-year old Quvenzhane Wallis . Adjani also presented the Best Film Editing award that night along with Gould who delivered the Indiana joke during the presentation . At age 80 , George Burns became the oldest acting and Best Supporting Actor awardee , a record which stood until Jessica Tandy won Best Actress in 1989 . For males , Burns was succeeded by Christopher Plummer , who won Best Supporting Actor in 2012 for Beginners at the age of 82 . Jaws was followed 25 years later by Traffic for a film that won all its nominations except Best Picture . Jaws is one of the few films to be nominated for Best Picture but not for directing , acting , or writing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dcb3a64abd376ab35e4be4782d8eb705", "text": "Anne One Hundred Anne One Hundred is a 1933 British drama film directed by Henry Edwards and starring Betty Stockfeld , Gyles Isham and Dennis Wyndham . It was based on the play Anne One Hundred Percent by Sewell Collins . It was made at Elstree Studios as a quota quickie .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b0ef1af1be3b23fc2a82cb1be7f28903", "text": "List of Malaysian submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film Malaysia is one of more than a hundred countries that have sent films to compete for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film since 2004 . The Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film is handed out annually by the United States Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences to a feature-length motion picture produced outside the United States that contains primarily non-English dialogue . As of 2016 , a total of four films have been submitted for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film , but none has yet received an Oscar nomination . The Princess of Mount Ledang was the first film to be submitted in 2003 , since then no other films that was submitted until 2012 , a film directed by Dain Said Bunohan was sent to compete , but it failed to set out as the nominee . For the 88th Academy Awards , Men Who Save the World was decided by National Film Development Corporation Malaysia ( FINAS ) to be submitted , affiliated with Malaysian Ministry of Communications and Multimedia .", "title": "" } ]
fever
a17d034fec6e84b00062f97bedf919cb
Emily Dickinson was a writer.
[ { "docid": "cecbdc7d73eaae9ae4f754411a91f68c", "text": "Emily Dickinson Emily Elizabeth Dickinson ( December 10 , 1830 -- May 15 , 1886 ) was an American poet . With the possible exception of Walt Whitman , Dickinson is now recognized as the most important American poet of the 19th century . Dickinson was born in Amherst , Massachusetts . Although part of a prominent family with strong ties to its community , Dickinson lived much of her life in reclusive isolation . After studying at the Amherst Academy for seven years in her youth , she briefly attended the Mount Holyoke Female Seminary before returning to her family 's house in Amherst . Considered an eccentric by locals , she developed a noted penchant for white clothing and became known for her reluctance to greet guests or , later in life , to even leave her bedroom . Dickinson never married , and most friendships between her and others depended entirely upon correspondence . Dickinson was a recluse for the later years of her life . While Dickinson was a prolific private poet , fewer than a dozen of her nearly 1,800 poems were published during her lifetime . The work that was published during her lifetime was usually altered significantly by the publishers to fit the conventional poetic rules of the time . Dickinson 's poems are unique for the era in which she wrote ; they contain short lines , typically lack titles , and often use slant rhyme as well as unconventional capitalization and punctuation . Many of her poems deal with themes of death and immortality , two recurring topics in letters to her friends . Although Dickinson 's acquaintances were most likely aware of her writing , it was not until after her death in 1886 -- when Lavinia , Dickinson 's younger sister , discovered her cache of poems -- that the breadth of her work became apparent to the public . Her first collection of poetry was published in 1890 by personal acquaintances Thomas Wentworth Higginson and Mabel Loomis Todd , though both heavily edited the content . A complete , and mostly unaltered , collection of her poetry became available for the first time when scholar Thomas H. Johnson published The Poems of Emily Dickinson in 1955 . Despite some unfavorable reception and skepticism over the late 19th and early 20th centuries regarding her literary prowess , Dickinson is now almost universally considered to be one of the most significant of all American poets .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "c101c419b742666d0f8fe7229c0a23b6", "text": "American poetry american ' poetry '' ' , the poetry of the United States , arose first as efforts by colonists to add their voices to English poetry in the 17th century , well before the constitutional unification of the thirteen colonies ( although before this unification , a strong oral tradition often likened to poetry existed among Native American societies ) . Unsurprisingly , most of the early colonists ' work relied on contemporary British models of poetic form , diction , and theme . However , in the 19th century , a distinctive American idiom began to emerge . By the later part of that century , when Walt Whitman was winning an enthusiastic audience abroad , poets from the United States had begun to take their place at the forefront of the English-language avant-garde '' . The history of American poetry is not easy to know . Much of the American poetry published between 1910 and 1945 remains lost in the pages of small circulation political periodicals , particularly the ones on the far left , destroyed by librarians during the 1950s McCarthy era . The received narrative of Modernism proposes that Ezra Pound and T. S. Eliot were perhaps the most influential modernist English-language poets in the period during World War I . But this narrative leaves out African American and women poets who were published and read widely in the first half of the twentieth century . By the 1960s , the young poets of the British Poetry Revival looked to their American contemporaries and predecessors as models for the kind of poetry they wanted to write . Toward the end of the millennium , consideration of American poetry had diversified , as scholars placed an increased emphasis on poetry by women , African Americans , Hispanics , Chicanos and other cultural groupings .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c59ecdac031fc3326aa010eebc37d0b8", "text": "Hollins University Hollins University is a four-year private institution of higher education located on a 475 acre campus on the border of Roanoke and Botetourt counties in the U.S. state of Virginia . Founded in 1842 as Valley Union Seminary in the historical settlement of Botetourt Springs , it is one of the oldest institutions of higher education for women in the United States . Hollins has since evolved into a full university with approximately 800 enrolled undergraduate and graduate students . As Virginia 's first chartered women 's college , all undergraduate programs are female-only . Men are admitted to the graduate-level programs . Hollins is known for its undergraduate and graduate writing programs , which have produced Pulitzer Prize -- winning authors Annie Dillard , current U.S. poet laureate Natasha Trethewey , and Henry S. Taylor . Other prominent alumnae include pioneering sportswriter Mary Garber , 2006 Man Booker Prize winner Kiran Desai , UC-Berkeley 's first tenured female physicist ( and a principal contributor to theories for detecting the Higgs boson ) Mary K. Gaillard , Goodnight Moon author Margaret Wise Brown , Lee Smith , photographer Sally Mann , and Ellen Malcolm , founder of EMILY 's List .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e42ed006b6cb86dbbe0422adb3c5c309", "text": "Tradition and the Individual Talent `` Tradition and the Individual Talent '' ( 1919 ) is an essay written by poet and literary critic T. S. Eliot . The essay was first published in The Egoist ( 1919 ) and later in Eliot 's first book of criticism , `` The Sacred Wood '' ( 1920 ) . The essay is also available in Eliot 's `` Selected Prose '' and `` Selected Essays '' . '' While Eliot is most often known for his poetry , he also contributed to the field of literary criticism . In this dual role , he acted as poet-critic , comparable to Sir Philip Sidney and Samuel Taylor Coleridge . `` Tradition and the Individual Talent '' is one of the more well known works that Eliot produced in his critic capacity . It formulates Eliot 's influential conception of the relationship between the poet and the literary tradition which precedes them .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "43611425940fb0de56546b8050dfb0ca", "text": "List of Wuthering Heights references This is a list of cultural references to Wuthering Heights , which was Emily Brontë 's only novel , specifically in literature and music . It was first published in 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell , and a posthumous second edition was edited by her sister Charlotte . For adaptations of the novel , see List of Wuthering Heights adaptations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b9aadd7670ae17773511c5b803ad53be", "text": "Emily's Runaway Imagination Emily 's Runaway Imagination is a children 's novel by American writer Beverly Cleary , first published in 1961 . Set in the 1920s , the plot revolves around the experiences of a young , imaginative girl named Emily .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "52a25b67f9d121f6cbf97c9d501c4c5e", "text": "Emily Short Emily Short is an interactive fiction ( IF ) writer , perhaps best known for her debut game Galatea and her use of psychologically complex NPCs , or non-player game characters . She has been called `` a visionary in the world of text-based games for years '' , and is the author of over thirty-five works of IF in addition to being chief editor of the IF Theory Book . She writes a regular column on IF for Rock , Paper , Shotgun .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3f4e375d6f1fd4c1923ae47ba1645e4c", "text": "Ann Radcliffe Ann Radcliffe ( née Ward , 9 July 1764 -- 7 February 1823 ) was an English author and pioneer of the Gothic novel . Her style is Romantic in its vivid descriptions of landscapes and long travel scenes , yet the Gothic element is obvious through her use of the supernatural . It was her technique , `` the explained supernatural '' as the final revelation of inexplicable phenomena , which helped the Gothic novel achieve respectability in the 1790s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "91c0162bf0f1476babd331dabc774295", "text": "Emily Dickinson International Society The Emily Dickinson International Society ( EDIS ) is an international organisation relating to American poet Emily Dickinson ( 1830 -- 1886 ) . It was founded in 1988 and its aim is to `` Promote , perpetuate and enhance the study and appreciation of Emily Dickinson worldwide '' . The society publishes The Emily Dickinson Journal ( ISSN 1059-6879 ) twice yearly and , for members , The Emily Dickinson International Society Bulletin ( ISSN 1055-3932 ) . It holds an Annual Meeting and `` EDIS Institute '' meetings . Every two or three years it holds an International Conference . These have taken place in the USA ( 1992 ) , Austria ( 1995 ) , USA ( 1998 ) , Norway ( 2001 ) , Hawaii ( 2004 ) , Japan ( 2007 ) , England ( 2010 ) and the 2014 event is planned for the USA . The society is affiliated to the American Literature Association ( ALA ) , `` a Coalition of Societies Devoted to the Study of American Authors '' and is sponsoring two sessions at the 2014 ALA Annual Conference . An Emily Dickinson Society had been formed in Japan in 1980 , eight years before the foundation of EDIS .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2875310234a79b25da2c8b1e6849597a", "text": "Ingeborg Drewitz __ NOTOC __ Ingeborg Drewitz ( born Ingeborg Neubert ; 10 January 1923 -- 26 November 1986 ) was a German writer . Drewitz was born in Berlin . She graduated in 1941 from the Königin-Luise-Schule in Berlin-Friedenau , and took a degree in German literature , history , and philosophy , followed by a doctorate on 20 April 1945 , at the Friedrich-Wilhelm University ( today 's Humboldt University in Berlin ) . Her thesis was on German poet Erwin Guido Kolbenheyer . As a writer , she was interested in the Enlightenment and addressed Germany 's post-war history and the past and present social history of women . According to Knaurs Lexikon der Weltliteratur ( `` Knaur 's Lexicon of World Literature '' ) , third edition of 1995 , she `` made in her literary work , the abandonment of modern man and his inability to address his neighbour , as well as the problem of the individuality of life . Problems in women and employment are at the heart of her work . '' Her drama Alle Tore waren bewacht ( `` All gates were guarded '' ) ) , which premiered in 1955 , was the first German play to address conditions in concentration camps . Her most successful novel was Gestern war heute : Hundert Jahre Gegenwart ( `` Yesterday was today : A hundred years of presence '' ) ( 1978 ) , that dealt with three generations of women in the 20th Century . From 1973 to 1980 she taught at the Institute of Journalism at the Free University of Berlin . A year before her death she was a juror at the Ingeborg Bachmann Competition in Klagenfurt . She married her childhood sweetheart Bernhard Drewitz , by whom she had three daughters . She died in Berlin , aged 63 , of complications of cancer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d8d499198fe25b1cd5c2176ce341371", "text": "Poets House Poets House is a national literary center and poetry library based in New York City . With more than 60,000 volumes of poetry , the library is the premier independent poetry library in the United States . It is free and open to the public . Founded in 1985 by the late Stanley Kunitz , two-time poet laureate of the United States , and arts administrator Elizabeth Kray , Poets House contains virtually all poetry books published in the U.S. since 1990 , plus many that are long out of print dating to the early 20th Century . It also contains literary journals and chapbooks ( small , self-published books of poetry ) , and many audiotapes , videotapes , CDs , and DVDs of poetry readings from the mid-twentieth century through today . Visitors to Poets House can hear the voices of Walt Whitman , E. E. Cummings , William Carlos Williams , Sylvia Plath and hundreds of other poets . Every year , Poets House hosts the Poets House Showcase , which gathers and displays every book of poetry published in the United States in the preceding year . Poets House also curates and presents hundreds of readings , lectures , panels , symposiums and performances each year . In 1996 , the literary newspaper Poetry Flash called Poets House `` The House That Holds A Country , '' a reference to its dedication to being a caretaker of the nation 's poetic heritage . In 2005 , it was among 406 New York City arts and social service institutions to receive part of a $ 20 million grant from the Carnegie Corporation , which was made possible through a donation by New York City mayor Michael Bloomberg . In 2009 , Poets House moved from its longstanding location in SoHo to an eco-friendly `` green '' building at Ten River Terrace in Lower Manhattan 's Battery Park City . With a long-term lease ( until 2069 ) awarded by the Battery Park City Authority , Poets House has a permanent home for its collection . This new home for Poets House , with interiors designed by architect Louise Braverman , is on two floors covering 11000 sqft with a large children 's room , an exhibition space , a reading room and library , and a program hall that opens onto an extension of Teardrop Park . With views of the Hudson River and the Statue of Liberty , the new Poets House is bordered by Nelson A Rockefeller Park and is in walking distance of numerous subway and bus lines as well as the Port Authority Ferry Terminal at the World Financial Center . A public grand opening of the new facility took place on September 25 and 26 of 2009 . `` For nearly 25 years Poets House has been an anchor for poets and poetry lovers , '' noted Robin Pogrebin in the New York Times . Poets House is free and open to the public . Library hours are Tuesday-Friday , 11am to 7pm , and Saturdays , 11am to 6pm . The Children 's Room is open 11am to 3pm .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e6c6b75d232d605a21d273483bbab25a", "text": "Timeline of Shakespeare criticism Timeline of Shakespeare criticism is an informal term that presents a chronological collection of critical quotations about William Shakespeare and his works , which illustrate the article Shakespeare 's reputation . Shakespeare enjoyed recognition in his own time , but in the 17th century , poets and authors began to consider him as the supreme dramatist and poet of all times of the English language . In fact , even today , no other dramatist has been performed even remotely as often on the British ( and later the world ) stage as Shakespeare Since then , several editors and critics of theater began to focus on the dramatic text and the language of Shakespeare , creating a study that focused on extracting all the power of his literary texts , being used in studies on the printed page rather than in the theater . This attitude reached a high point with the Romantics , which saw his figure as a genius , prophet , and Bard -- and continued important in the last century , receiving analysis not only by poets and authors , but also by psychoanalysts , psychologists and philosophers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "52488303f0a3722a65137f7c3ad47f13", "text": "Grace Mann Brown Grace Mann Brown ( April 16 , 1859 ; Pippin , Wisconsin ,1925 ; Denver , Colorado ) was an American writer and spiritual leader . Her work was related to the New Thought Movement , Divine Science and Christian Science . Much of her work focused on spirituality , metaphysics , mysticism , esoteric and occult sciences .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "38077d1ad0f14e45d9fdded17ab73cc1", "text": "Confessional poetry Confessional poetry or Confessionalism is a style of poetry that emerged in the United States during the 1950s . It has been described as poetry `` of the personal '' , focusing on extreme moments of individual experience , the psyche , and personal trauma , including previously and occasionally still taboo matters such as mental illness , sexuality , and suicide , often set in relation to broader social themes . It is sometimes also classified as Postmodernism . The school of `` Confessional poetry '' was associated with several poets who redefined American poetry in the 1950s and 1960s , including Robert Lowell , Sylvia Plath , John Berryman , Anne Sexton , Allen Ginsberg , and W. D. Snodgrass .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "080567ffc27afc5799ebcf8bdf517d33", "text": "Emma Lathen Emma Lathen is the pen name of two American businesswomen : an economist Mary Jane Latsis ( July 12 , 1927 -- October 29 , 1997 ) and an economic analyst Martha Henissart ( born 1929 ) , who received her B.A. in physics from Mount Holyoke College in 1950 . Henissart and Latsis met as graduate students at Harvard . As Lathen , they wrote numerous mystery novels starring John Putnam Thatcher , a Wall Street banker . The pseudonym is constructed from two authors ' names `` M '' of Mary and `` Ma '' of Martha , and `` Lat '' of Latsis and `` Hen '' of Henissart . They also wrote under the pseudonym R. B. Dominic ; all the Dominic stories feature Congressman Benton Safford as the sleuth . `` The authors have a distinctive talent for writing clearly and entertainingly about complicated financial intrigues , for combining these business matters with current events , and for creating tightly plotted mysteries that produce fascinating and civilized novels . '' Each book features events in a specific industry or activity with which Thatcher or Safford become involved in the course of their work . The books often refer to specific public events in their plotting ; for example , When in Greece is mostly set in that country during the Colonels ' Revolution , and Going for the Gold involves the 1980 Winter Olympics at Lake Placid . Others relate to more general social and other trends , such as Death Shall Overcome which links with the Civil Rights Movement .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "acf31a8e076ef17dd8e8256dc763a969", "text": "Porphyria's Lover `` Porphyria 's Lover '' is a poem by Robert Browning which was first published as `` Porphyria '' in the January 1836 issue of Monthly Repository . Browning later republished it in Dramatic Lyrics ( 1842 ) paired with `` Johannes Agricola in Meditation '' under the title `` Madhouse Cells '' . The poem did not receive its definitive title until 1863 . `` Porphyria 's Lover '' is Browning 's first ever short dramatic monologue , and also the first of his poems to examine abnormal psychology . Although its initial publication passed nearly unnoticed and it received little critical attention in the nineteenth century , the poem is now heavily anthologised and much studied . In the poem , a man strangles his lover -- Porphyria -- with her hair ; '' ... and all her hair / In one long yellow string I wound / Three times her little throat around , / And strangled her . '' Porphyria 's lover then talks of the corpse 's blue eyes , golden hair , and describes the feeling of perfect happiness the murder gives him . Although he winds her hair around her throat 3 times to throttle her , the woman never cries out . The poem uses a somewhat unusual rhyme scheme : A , B , A , B , B , the final repetition bringing each stanza to a heavy rest . A possible source for the poem is John Wilson 's `` Extracts from Gosschen 's Diary '' , a lurid account of a murder published in Blackwood 's Magazine in 1818 . Browning 's friend and fellow poet Bryan Procter acknowledged basing his 1820 `` Marcian Colonna '' on this source , but added a new detail ; after the murder , the killer sits up all night with his victim .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5867d6c8ba55747e21d03527b35819cf", "text": "Writing center Many educational institutions maintain a writing center that provides students with free assistance on their papers , projects , reports , multimodal documents , web pages , et cetera from consultants . A key goal of any writing center is helping writers to learn . Typical services include help with the purpose , structure , function of writing , and are geared toward writers of all levels and fields of study . Writing centers attempt to provide non-proscriptive and non-corrective response , instead relying on a fuller explanation of why a piece of writing may fail to fulfill the writer 's aims . The goal is to help a writer learn to address the various exigences that she may encounter with the realization that no writing is decontextualized -- it always addresses a specific audience . A writing center usually offers individualized conferencing whereby the writing tutor offers his or her feedback on the piece of writing at hand ; a writing tutor 's main function is to discuss how the piece of writing might be revised . However , the tutor usually does not proofread nor edit the student 's work . Instead , the tutor facilitates the student 's attempts to revise his or her own work by conversing with the student about the topic at hand , discussing principles and processes of writing , modeling rhetorical and syntactical moves for the student to apply , and assisting the student in identifying patterns of grammatical error in his or her writing . Historically , writing centers in American universities began appearing as `` writing labs '' in the early 20th century . Elizabeth Boquet and Stephen North point to the origins of the writing laboratory as first a method , not a place , where `` the key characteristic of which appears to have been that all work was to be done during class time '' . This was to allow the student to compose with the teacher present , able to help with any revisions or questions the student may have . However , as class sizes and universities grew , Writing Centers began to develop as university institutions , often conceived of as an editing service for students . Faculty , students , staff , and administrators often viewed writing centers as places for remediation . At their best , however , they are places where all students , including the best ones , can get better , a place ( according to Karen Head ) , `` that returns to the ideal of a safe space for active debate and discourse about the best ways to communicate in a variety of modes . '' Some institutions also offer an Online Writing Lab ( OWL ) , which generally attempts to follow the model of writing center tutoring in an online environment . These environments have been said to be a step toward a new model of writing centers , a model known as Multiliteracy Centers . Another environment that could fall under this category is a physical space known as a digital studio . While some institutions do not have writing centers , a number offer similar support through entities which have a wider remit ( scope ) . These might typically be called Academic Skills Units or Learning Development Groups . A recent movement in writing centers has been to provide services for the non-academic community . Such services include one-to-one response for out-of-school writers , and workshops on a wide variety of topics . Such writing centers are often identified as community writing centers . Writing centers are not exclusively a post-secondary phenomenon . Some high schools have successfully created writing centers similar to the model in higher education . No longer strictly an American phenomenon , writing centers have spread in other world regions as well . The European Association for the Teaching of Academic Writing ( EATAW ) is in part concerned with the study and advancement of writing centers in European universities . The International Writing Centers Association ( IWCA ) is committed to supporting writing centers from around the world , with current regional associations in Europe and proposed associations in the Middle East , South Africa , and the Far East . In many cases , writing center directors or writing program administrators ( WPAs ) are responsible for conducting writing center assessment , and must communicate these results to academic administration and various stakeholders . Assessment is seen as beneficial for writing centers because it leads us to assume the professional and ethical behaviors important not just for writing centers but for all higher education .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "87aa9bfef9e7de3ee42354bbb8ecd9ef", "text": "Jane Eyre (1910 film) Jane Eyre is a 1910 American silent short classic drama produced by the Thanhouser Film Corporation . Adapted from Charlotte Brontë 's 1847 novel , Jane Eyre , the film mirrors the events and plot of the original book . The writer of the scenario is unknown , but Lloyd Lonergan probably adapted the work . The film 's director is often and erroneously claimed to be Theodore Marston , but Barry O'Neil or Lloyd B. Carleton are possible candidates . The cast of the film was credited , an act rare and unusual in the era . This was the first American , first English language and second or third worldwide movie adaptation , of at least 27 film and television versionsof the novel . Such repeated dissemination has made the Brontë sisters ' two major works ubiquitous . The single reel film , approximately 1000 feet long , was released on May 6 , 1910 . It was later credited by Edwin Thanhouser as marking the assured success of the company . The popularity of the production resulted in the production of additional copies , so the Thanhouser company had more orders than could be filled . Critical reception to the film was generally positive , but with some minor criticisms . The film is presumed lost .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d6bd7aa625d0814b59057a825648ab41", "text": "Lines Composed in a Wood on a Windy Day `` Lines Composed In A Wood On A Windy Day '' is a poem by Anne Brontë .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f87b3c5c4d56d846578503872f9e4eff", "text": "List of Emily Dickinson poems This is a list of poems by Emily Dickinson . In addition to the list of first lines which link to the poems ' texts , the table notes each poem 's publication in several of the most significant editions of Dickinson 's poetry -- the `` manuscript books '' created by Dickinson herself but not published as such until 1981 ; the seven volumes of poetry published posthumously from 1890 to 1945 ; the cumulative collections of 1924 , 1930 , and 1937 ; and the scholarly editions of 1955 and 1998 . The entire table is sortable by clicking on the icons following the column headings . Important publications which are not represented in the table include the 10 poems published ( anonymously ) during Dickinson 's lifetime ; and editions of her letters , published from 1894 on , which include some poems within their texts . In all these cases , the poem itself occurs in the list , but these specific publications of the poem are not noted .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f8e57f44a571e42172e4cc4d65d1c08e", "text": "Strange fits of passion have I known `` Strange fits of passion have I known '' is a seven-stanza poem ballad by the English Romantic poet William Wordsworth . Composed during a sojourn in Germany in 1798 , the poem was first published in the second edition of Lyrical Ballads ( 1800 ) . The poem describes the poet 's trip to his beloved Lucy 's cottage , and his thoughts on the way . Each of its seven stanzas is four lines long and has a rhyming scheme of a-b-a-b . The poem is written in iambic tetrameter and iambic trimeter . In the poem , the speaker narrates a nighttime ride to the cottage of his beloved Lucy , who always looks as `` fresh as a rose in June '' . The speaker begins by saying that he has experienced `` strange fits of passion '' and will recount them only to another lover ( `` in the Lover 's ear alone , / What once to me befell . '' ) . In the five following stanzas , he recounts how he wended his way on horseback `` beneath an evening-moon '' . He crossed a lea , passed through an orchard , and began to climb a hill , atop which was Lucy 's cottage . As he `` came near , and nearer still '' to `` Lucy 's cot '' , the sinking moon appeared to follow suit . As he closely approaches the cottage , the moon vanishes from sight behind the roof . A morbid thought rises unbidden to the speaker 's mind : `` O mercy ! '' he thinks . `` If Lucy should be dead ! '' `` Strange fits of passion have I known '' is simple in form but complex in content . The dramatic first stanza ( the speaker `` will dare to tell '' of his `` strange fits of passion , '' but `` in the Lover 's ear alone '' ) quickly captivates the reader . Wordsworth then creates tension by juxtaposing the sinking moon and the approaching rider , the familiar landscape with the speaker 's strange , dreamy feelings . It is uncertain whether the Lucy of the poem was based on a historical person or was a creation of Wordsworth 's fertile imagination . If she is real , her surname and identity are unknown , though they have been the subject of much `` diligent speculation '' in literary circles . `` The one certainty is that she is not the girl of Wordsworth 's Lucy Gray . '' An earlier version of this poem ended with an extra verse : I told her this : her laughter light Is ringing in my ears : And when I think upon that night My eyes are dim with tears .", "title": "" } ]
fever
2cca6588011cd305f738f64f6d03b176
David Angell has always been single.
[ { "docid": "333f7faf70ea56de4d74959e6f93eb3a", "text": "David Angell David Lawrence Angell ( April 10 , 1946September 11 , 2001 ) was an American producer of sitcoms . Angell won multiple Emmy Awards as the creator and executive producer , along with Peter Casey and David Lee , of the comedy series Frasier . Angell and his wife Lynn both died heading home from their vacation in Cape Cod aboard American Airlines Flight 11 . This was the first plane to hit the World Trade Center during the September 11 attacks .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "3d5023ac017bd08bf4e9aab2adeaebe5", "text": "Just a Step from Heaven `` Just a Step from Heaven '' is the third single by the British girl group Eternal . It was the third single to be released from their debut album Always & Forever ( 1993 ) . The single entered at number 12 on the UK Singles Chart dated 30 April 1994 , climbing to its peak of number 8 three weeks later . The single spent 11 weeks on the UK Singles Chart . The song was n't released in the U.S. The music video was filmed in Los Angeles in February 1994 and features the group doing dance moves .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7c5cd62521286ec1ea6ff42bff2e8458", "text": "All I Ever Wanted (The Human League song) `` All I Ever Wanted '' is a song by the British synthpop group The Human League . It is taken from the Secrets album of 2001 and was released as its first single . It is currently their most recent single released on a major label . It follows the standard Human League style of baritone lead vocals of Philip Oakey with choruses and incidentals jointly shared between female co-vocalists Joanne Catherall and Susan Ann Sulley ( credited for the first time under her married name , Gayle , causing some erroneous comment that ` Susan Sulley ' had been replaced ) . The meticulous joint production of Q , Kerry Hopwood and Dave Clayton produced a modern sounding electronica track that was critically well received . It was released in July 2001 and stalled at number 47 in the UK Singles Chart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f6da2ad8453edc9f1635d72359f72b1c", "text": "The House Always Wins `` The House Always Wins '' is episode 3 of season 4 in the television show Angel . Written by David Fury and directed by Marita Grabiak , it was originally broadcast on October 20 , 2002 on the WB television network . In `` The House Always Wins '' , Angel Investigations takes a road trip to Las Vegas to enlist Lorne 's help in returning higher being Cordelia to their dimension . While in Vegas , they learn the owner of the Tropicana Casino has been coercing Lorne into reading people 's destinies , which the owner sells on the black market in a literal `` futures '' trading scheme . Angel falls under the influence of the house games , while back in Los Angeles Wesley tries to take advantage of Angel 's absence to steal his clients .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3def3cb072c9d67fe0d9517193bb6574", "text": "Christian views on marriage Most Christian authorities and bodies view marriage ( also called Holy Matrimony ) as a state instituted and ordained by God for the lifelong relationship between one man as husband and one woman as wife . They consider it the most intimate of human relationships , a gift from God , and a sacred institution . Protestants consider it to be sacred , holy , and even central to the community of faith , while Catholics and Eastern Orthodox Christians consider it a Sacrament . Biblically , it is to be `` held in honour among all ... . '' Jesus maintained the importance and sacredness of lifelong marriage in his own teachings . He quoted from both Genesis 1 and 2 , stating in that God had created humanity as male and female , and that in marriage the two will become one flesh ' . So they are no longer two , but one flesh . Therefore , what God has joined together , let no one separate '' . In most states with a traditionally majority Christian population , civil laws recognize marriage as having social and political statuses . Christian theology affirms the secular status of marriage , but additionally views it from a moral and religious perspective that transcends all social interests . While marriage is honored and affirmed among Christians and throughout the Bible , there is no suggestion that it is necessary for everyone . Single people who either have chosen to remain unmarried or who have lost their spouse for some reason are neither incomplete in Christ nor personal failures . In the Catechism of the Catholic Church is explained that `` the intimate community of life and love which constitutes the married state has been established by the Creator and endowed by him with its own proper laws . God himself is the author of marriage . '' The vocation to marriage is written in the very nature of man and woman as they came from the hand of the Creator . '' By reason of their state in life and of their order , -LSB- Christian spouses -RSB- have their own special gifts in the People of God . `` This grace proper to the sacrament of Matrimony is intended to perfect the couple 's love and to strengthen their indissoluble unity . By this grace they `` help one another to attain holiness in their married life and in welcoming and educating their children . '' Christ is the source of this grace . `` Just as of old God encountered his people with a covenant of love and fidelity , so our Savior , the spouse of the Church , now encounters Christian spouses through the sacrament of Matrimony . `` Christ dwells with them , gives them the strength to take up their crosses and so follow him , to rise again after they have fallen , to forgive one another , to bear one another 's burdens '' `` and to love one another with supernatural , tender , and fruitful love '' The New Testament teaches that sex is reserved for marriage . It calls sex with the wife of another , or sex with someone else other than the husband , the sin of adultery . ( See also fornication . )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "66ed2682432ceacacb54cd87d24f9a2b", "text": "David Szalay David Szalay ( born 1974 in Montreal , Quebec ) is an English writer . His surname is pronounced SOL-loy . He was born in Canada , moved to the UK the following year and has lived there ever since . He studied at Oxford University and has written a number of radio dramas for the BBC . He won the Betty Trask Award for his first novel , London and the South-East , along with the Geoffrey Faber Memorial Prize . Since then he has written two other novels : Innocent ( 2009 ) and Spring ( 2011 ) . He has also recently been named one of The Telegraph 's Top 20 British Writers Under 40 and has also made it onto -LSB- -LSB- Granta | Granta magazine '' 's -RSB- -RSB- 2013 list of the Best of Young British Novelists . A linked collection of short stories , All That Man Is '' , was short listed for the Man Booker Prize in 2016 and won the 2016 Gordon Burn Prize . The Spectator said `` Nobody captures the super-sadness of modern Europe as well as Szalay . '' The Observer asked if it was really a novel : `` does it in any sense work , as Jonathan Cape wants us to believe , as a novel ? Yes , there 's a thematic consistency that makes this more than a collection , and Szalay even throws in the odd narrative link ( the 73-year-old , it transpires , is the 17-year-old 's granddad ) . But still , a novel ? I do n't think so . '' It was shortlisted for the Man Booker prize .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "637a0132a479d3fef8eff77e45abc286", "text": "Dance Away `` Dance Away '' is a song by the English rock band Roxy Music . Released in April 1979 , it was the second single to be taken from their album Manifesto , and became one of the band 's most famous songs , reaching number 2 in the UK and spending a total of 14 weeks on the charts , the longest chart residency of a Roxy Music single . Although it did not make number 1 , it became the ninth biggest selling single in the UK in 1979 . It did make it to number 1 on the Irish Singles Chart and held that position for one week . `` Dance Away '' was originally written by Bryan Ferry for his 1977 solo album In Your Mind , but did not make the final track listing . It was then planned for inclusion on his 1978 album The Bride Stripped Bare , but again was not included . It was finally completed and released on Roxy Music 's Manifesto , the band 's first studio album in four years . The single version was a different shorter edit and mix compared to the original album version . As with their next single `` Angel Eyes '' , the single version of `` Dance Away '' replaced the album version in subsequent releases . While the 1999 re-mastered version of the `` Manifesto '' album restored the original version of `` Angel Eyes '' , it still retained the single mix of `` Dance Away '' in place of the original , making the Thrill of It All box set the only release on which the LP version of the song could be found , until the release of the box set The Complete Studio Recordings 1972-1982 in 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "efcf2a6efc2f80c2ba7222d62bd57ef5", "text": "Single Girl, Married Girl Single Girl , Married Girl is a folk song made famous by The Carter Family , about the differences in lifestyle between the two title characters . The song was originally released on Victor Records in 1928 as the a-side of Victor 20937 , the Carter Family 's second 78-rpm record for the label . It was recorded on August 2 , 1927 , the second day of their first session with producer and engineer Ralph Peer , and released in January 1928 . This version was later included in Harry Smith 's Anthology of American Folk Music , Vol . 3 . Notably , the song does not feature A.P. Carter , but is instead a duet between cousins Sara and Maybelle . The song was re-recorded during the last months of Sara and A.P. Carter 's marriage , on May 8 , 1935 , during a 4-day recording session with Ralph Peer . The tempo of this version is much slower , and Sara Carter sings at a much lower pitch . This version was first released on Arc Records , along with the song `` No Other 's Bride I 'll Be , '' as ARC 8733 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3fa35a2b799e3379ea08355852dceb6e", "text": "Signed Sealed Delivered (album) Signed Sealed Delivered is the fifth studio album by English singer Craig David . It was his first and only album with Universal Motown . It was released on 29 March 2010 . The album consists primarily of covers . Two of the album 's tracks sample hits from the Motown era and give them a modern twist , as demonstrated with the first single from the album , `` One More Lie ( Standing in the Shadows ) '' , whose chorus samples The Four Tops ' 1967 Motown classic `` Standing in the Shadows of Love '' . The second is `` All Alone Tonight ( Stop , Look , Listen ) '' which samples Diana Ross and Marvin Gaye 's version of `` Stop , Look , Listen ( To Your Heart ) '' . The only original song is the album 's last track , `` This Could Be Love '' . Signed Sealed Delivered entered the UK Albums Chart at number 13 . As of January 2016 , the album had sold 33,779 copies in the United Kingdom .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d7f8cd9c7196ea5d8f67f02237be4c97", "text": "David Rangel Pastor David Rangel Pastor ( born 25 July 1979 ) is a Spanish retired footballer who played as a goalkeeper .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "28de4d5aaef71fd0f082eda9be7d63f7", "text": "Solo (American band) Solo is an American R&B musical group from New York , New York . The original members were Robert Anderson , Darnell Chavis , Eunique Mack and Daniel Stokes . The group recorded their eponymous debut album in Minneapolis and released it in 1995 . Released on Perspective Records , the album featured production primarily by Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis . The album produced four singles ( `` Heaven '' , `` Where Do U Want Me to Put It '' , `` He 's Not Good Enough '' and `` Blowin ' My Mind '' ) and was eventually certified gold . Solo released their second album , 4 Bruthas & a Bass , in 1998 . The album produced only one single , `` Touch Me '' , which peaked at # 59 on the Billboard Hot 100 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e59d7efb6f9e2493ba8cf105d458636e", "text": "Angel (Madonna song) `` Angel '' is a song by American singer Madonna from her second studio album Like a Virgin ( 1984 ) . It was released on April 10 , 1985 by Sire Records as the third single from the album . Written by Madonna and Steve Bray , it was one of the first songs developed for the project and , according to Madonna , was inspired by a girl who is saved by an angel , and she falls in love with him . `` Angel '' was released as a 12 '' single with `` Into the Groove '' in some countries and charted likewise . A music video was initially planned for the release , but was later cancelled . Instead a promotional video comprising clips from her previous videos was released in the United Kingdom . Musically `` Angel '' consists of three chord ascending hook , which serves for the verse and chorus . It has vocal harmonies beneath the main chorus and the lyrics repeat the angel-like image of Madonna 's saviour . Critical response to the song was mixed , with some music critics calling it a classic and others deeming it sub-par compared to Madonna 's previous singles . `` Angel '' became the singer 's fifth consecutive top-five single on the Billboard Hot 100 and reached the top of its dance charts . It was also able to reach number-one in Australia and the top-five of the charts in Canada , Ireland , Japan , New Zealand , Spain and the United Kingdom . Madonna has performed the song only once , on The Virgin Tour in 1985 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d3741b65b999c16bf480750ea1b6d26b", "text": "Living Single Living Single is an American television sitcom that aired for five seasons on the Fox network from August 29 , 1993 , to January 1 , 1998 . The show centered on the lives of six friends who share personal and professional experiences while living in a Brooklyn brownstone . Throughout its run , Living Single became one of the most popular African-American sitcoms of its era , ranking among the top five in African-American ratings in all five seasons . The series was produced by Yvette Lee Bowser 's company , Sister Lee , in association with Warner Bros. . Television . In contrast to the popularity of NBC 's `` Must See TV '' -- first on Sunday nights and then later on Thursday nights in the 1990s -- many African-American and Latino viewers flocked to Fox . For the 1993 -- 94 season , Living Single aired on Sunday nights between Martin and Married ... with Children , and then on Thursday nights from 1994 to 1998 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c28fc26572ce4ed250dee38471681411", "text": "Kissing a Fool Kissing A Fool is a 1998 American romantic comedy film directed by Doug Ellin . It primarily stars David Schwimmer , Jason Lee , Mili Avital , Kari Wührer and Vanessa Angel . Its plot is inspired by the short story `` El curioso impertinente '' that appears in Don Quixote .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "45d5e4f6d5c801f940292a20af23a949", "text": "Nicholas Angell Nicholas `` Nick '' Angell ( born October 31 , 1979 ) is an American professional ice hockey player . He is currently playing for the VIK Västerås HK of the Swedish HockeyAllsvenskan . Angell is a very offensive defenseman who likes to join the rush , acting as a fourth forward at times . Angell is a strong skater and plays a physical game . His slapshot is hard and accurate , making him a valuable player on the power play and a threat to goalies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "19898e8055211b11cc330a0f6f12ce6d", "text": "Austen Angell Charles Austen Angell ( born Canberra 1933 ) is an Australian chemist known for his prolific and highly cited research on the physics of glasses and glass-forming liquids . His most cited contribution is probably the `` strong -- fragile '' classification of viscous liquids . The representation of log viscosity vs reduced inverse temperature Tg/T is also known as the `` Angell plot '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "05f445e6570ccd8fd37279781512f04d", "text": "Dream City Film Club Dream City Film Club were a North London rock band founded in July 1995 . Their sound was difficult to categorize in that it encompassed tortured lovelorn balladry , avant-garde flourishes , Tin Pan Alley , straightforward rock and gospel yearnings in both lyrics and subject matter . Ultimately , Dream City Film Club failed to find enough of an audience to sustain them . Vocalist Michael J. Sheehy had been working as a solo singer/songwriter for several years when he met Alex Vald and Laurence Ash , who quickly began writing songs with Sheehy . Upon the demise of another local group , Breed , bassist Andrew Park joined . The band 's name came from a news story Sheehy had seen about an arsonist who had burned down a members-only porno theatre . They played their first gig as Dream City Film Club on 31 July 1995 . They released a single , `` Crawl '' for the underground fanzine , the Organ in early 1996 . Soon after , they were contacted by Beggar 's Banquet and recorded their eponymous debut album in late 1996 , later releasing it on 26 May 1997 . According to Sheehy , the English press reaction to the first single , `` Perfect Piece of Trash '' , was almost unanimous in its derision . After parting with Vald , DCFC continued on as a three piece , recording its second and final album , In the Cold Light of Morning featuring a more expansive sound best realized on the epic `` God Will Punish the Pervert Preacher '' . The group disbanded in 1999 . Michael J. Sheehy subsequently recorded three solo albums for Beggar 's Banquet and two for Glitterhouse , and has fronted Saint Silas Intercession with his brother Patrick . During the early 2000s , Alex Vald worked as half of experimental pop band Datapuddle . In 2015 , Sheehy and Vald reunited as the pop-noir duo United Sound of Joy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5901eb12a9bb632558ea3c9b84095c61", "text": "Daniel Holtz Daniel Holtz is a fictional character on the television series Angel . He was played by Keith Szarabajka .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3898f0c0744892509e1a65f70843824b", "text": "Just for You (Neil Diamond album) Just for You is the second album by Neil Diamond . Like his debut , it has never been released on CD , though all but two of the tracks were made available on the Classics : The Early Years compilation . All tracks are also available on the compilation album The Bang Years 1966-1968 . At some point or another , every single track on it was released either as an A-side or a B-side of a single , with many of them becoming big hits : `` You Got to Me '' ( # 18 ) , `` Girl , You 'll Be a Woman Soon '' ( # 10 ) , `` Thank the Lord for the Night Time '' ( # 13 ) , `` Red Red Wine '' ( # 62 ) , and `` Shilo '' ( # 24 in 1970 ) . Curiously , the year-old hit `` Cherry Cherry '' ( from Diamond 's first LP ) also appears here , while the then-current hit `` Kentucky Woman '' ( # 22 ) does not . `` Solitary Man '' also re-appears in its 1966 version . This version would be re-released in 1970 and chart at # 21 . This was Diamond 's first album consisting entirely of original material , and his final album for the Bang label .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "db3a4b933d2f2fa2b042da21c957b5f0", "text": "Angel Flying Too Close to the Ground `` Angel Flying Too Close to the Ground '' is a 1981 single from the film Honeysuckle Rose . `` Angel Flying Too Close to the Ground '' was written and performed by Willie Nelson . The single was Willie Nelson 's seventh number one on the country chart as a solo artist and stayed at number one for one week and spent a total of fourteen weeks on the country chart . This song is commonly believed to have been written about Charlie `` Magoo '' Tinsley , a good friend of Nelson 's who happened to also be a member of The Hells Angels . This has never been confirmed or denied by Nelson who usually says he 's not going to argue with a load of bikers . He did once claim the song was about his wife Connie .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b29520c0990617a1005dadbd91e8960e", "text": "Doc Neeson Bernard Patrick `` Doc '' Neeson OAM ( 4 January 1947 -- 4 June 2014 ) was an Australian singer-songwriter and musician . He was the front man for the hard rock band The Angels from its formation in February 1976 to their disbandment in December 1999 . For the group Neeson was the main lyricist with brothers , John and Rick Brewster , as the music composers . Their top 20 studio albums on the Australian Kent Music Report Albums Chart are Face to Face ( June 1978 ) , No Exit ( June 1979 ) , Dark Room ( June 1980 ) , Night Attack ( November 1981 ) , Watch the Red ( May 1983 ) , Two Minute Warning ( November 1984 ) and Howling ( October 1986 ) . Their number-one album , Beyond Salvation , on the ARIA Albums Chart appeared in February 1990 and was followed by another top 20 album , Red Back Fever ( November 1991 ) . The group 's top 20 singles on the related Australian charts are `` No Secrets '' ( 1980 ) , `` Into the Heat '' ( 1981 ) , `` Never so Live '' ( 1981 ) , `` We Got ta Get out of This Place '' ( 1987 ) , `` Am I Ever Gon na See Your Face Again '' ( live , 1988 ) , `` Let the Night Roll On '' ( 1990 ) and `` Dogs Are Talking '' ( 1990 ) . On 20 October 1998 at the ARIA Awards the group were inducted into the Hall of Fame . In early December 1999 , three weeks prior to his performance at the Tour of Duty - Concert for the Troops in East Timor , Neeson had a car accident on the Sydney M4 motorway ; later that month The Angels disbanded . On 10 January 2013 Neeson 's Facebook page announced that he had been diagnosed with a brain tumour and would undergo immediate treatment . He died of the tumour on 4 June 2014 , aged 67 .", "title": "" } ]
fever
479df7a18a403f2a1dc4ca3cf27f1a8e
Cheyenne Jackson has appeared only on television shows.
[ { "docid": "db231e16837d164fa028baded16f71f4", "text": "Cheyenne Jackson Cheyenne David Jackson ( born July 12 , 1975 ) is an American actor and singer-songwriter . His credits include leading roles in Broadway musicals and other stage roles , as well as film and television roles , concert singing , and music recordings . After beginning his acting career in regional theatre in Seattle , he moved to New York and was an understudy in Thoroughly Modern Millie ( 2002 ) and Aida ( 2003 ) . He next originated the role of Matthew in Altar Boyz ( 2004 ) . Jackson 's first leading role on Broadway was in All Shook Up ( 2005 ) , which earned him a Theatre World Award for `` Outstanding Broadway Debut . '' Since then , on the New York stage , he has starred in The Agony & the Agony ( 2006 ) , Xanadu ( 2007 ; Drama League , Drama Desk nominations ) , Damn Yankees ( 2008 ) , Finian 's Rainbow ( 2010 ; Drama Desk nomination ) , 8 ( 2011 ) , The Heart of the Matter ( 2012 ) and The Performers ( 2013 ) . He has also appeared in a number of films , including the 2006 Academy Award-nominated United 93 , in which his portrayal of Mark Bingham earned him the Boston Society of Film Critics 2006 award for Best Ensemble Cast . He also had a leading role in the 2014 independent romantic comedy ensemble , Mutual Friends , and guest roles in television series such as NBC 's 30 Rock and Fox 's Glee . Most recently , Jackson starred in the FX Horror-anthology , American Horror Story , in its fifth and sixth seasons . In concert , Jackson has sold out Carnegie Hall twice : The Power of Two in 2010 and Music of the Mad Men Era in 2011 . He also performs in cabaret . In addition to his Broadway cast albums , he has released three albums of popular music , including a joint album called The Power of Two with Michael Feinstein in 2008 . In 2012 , Jackson released two singles , `` Drive '' and `` Before You '' , from his 2013 album I 'm Blue , Skies . In 2016 , Jackson released his latest album , Renaissance , an album adapted and expanded from his solo concert Music of the Mad Men Era .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "1dc51542ea942743bacb2c1a868d5e81", "text": "Hannah Montana (season 1) The first season of the television series Hannah Montana was aired on Disney Channel from March 24 , 2006 to March 30 , 2007 , and included 26 episodes . It introduces the five main characters of the series and Miley Stewart 's situation of living a secret double life as a teen pop star . The season also introduces several significant recurring characters such as Roxy Roker , Jake Ryan , and Rico Suave . The season 's soundtrack was released on October 24 , 2006 under the title Hannah Montana '' . The season itself was released on DVD as a four disc set on November 18 , 2008 , by Disney DVD . Certain individual episodes had been released earlier on other Hannah Montana DVDs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bf1ac9549d9229ada3e357c3b4844e19", "text": "Cheyenne (Jason Derulo song) `` Cheyenne '' is a song by American singer Jason Derulo , released as the second single for his fourth studio album , Everything Is 4 ( 2015 ) . The song was written by Jason Derulo , Ian Kirkpatrick , Sam Martin , Lindy Robbins , Jason Evigan , Marcus Lomax , Stefan Johnson and Jordan Johnson , while the song 's production was handled by The Monsters and the Strangerz and Kirkpatrick . Jason Lipshutz of Billboard noted the reminiscence of `` Cheyenne '' to the works by singer Bruno Mars .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "767df323f8334df5faee19c120551f27", "text": "Nothing Sacred (TV series) Nothing Sacred is an American drama series that aired from 1997 to 1998 on ABC . The series was created by a Jesuit priest named Bill Cain and producer David Manson .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a755e4716b5b46db4a7c2d6a3db9a42f", "text": "Jackson Gillis Jackson Clark Gillis ( August 21 , 1916 -- August 19 , 2010 ) was an American radio and television scriptwriter whose career spanned more than 40 years and encompassed a wide range of genres . Gillis was born in Kalama , Washington to a highway engineer and a piano teacher . His family moved to California when he was a teenager . He attended California State University , Fresno , but transferred to Stanford University , where he earned his undergraduate degree in English in 1938 . He worked in England after graduating from college . After returning to the United States , he performed with the Barter Theatre in Virginia , together with Gregory Peck . George Bernard Shaw attended a performance of one of his plays , in which Gillis acted . Gillis received a note from Shaw that critiqued his exit , a postcard Gillis retained for decades . He enlisted in the United States Army and worked as an intelligence officer during World War II in the Pacific Theater . After completing his military service , Gillis moved to Los Angeles and took a job writing for radio shows , including the dramas The Whistler and Let George Do It . He moved into television scriptwriting and earned his first credit -- for an episode of Racket Squad , a series that starred Reed Hadley -- in 1952 . He wrote for The Adventures of Superman from 1953 to 1957 and also spent several years writing for Perry Mason and Lassie . His scriptwriting was prolific and varied , and over the years , he worked on shows such as Lost in Space , Hawaii Five-O , and Knight Rider . He wrote for the series Columbo , starring Peter Falk , from 1971 to 1992 . He also wrote a pair of detective novels , The Killers of Starfish and Chainsaw . After retiring from Hollywood in the 1990s , Gillis and his wife moved to Moscow , Idaho , to be near their daughter . Gillis was married to the former Patricia Cassidy , a fellow actor whom he met during his brief acting career at the Barter Theatre , until her death in 2003 . He died at age 93 on August 19 , 2010 , of pneumonia in Moscow , Idaho . His daughter recalled that her father watched little on television other than football , as `` he thought most of what was on TV was junk '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "978a573ba447538e57450937f9ba4130", "text": "Fairly Legal Fairly Legal is a television series which aired on USA Network from January 20 , 2011 , to June 15 , 2012 . The series starred Sarah Shahi , Michael Trucco , Virginia Williams , Baron Vaughn , and Ryan Johnson . USA Network canceled the show on November 1 , 2012 , after two seasons , due to low ratings .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "07cd83192e2fa12eba1d135cfbd1198e", "text": "Neighbours Neighbours is an Australian television soap opera . It was first broadcast on the Seven Network on 18 March 1985 . It was created by TV executive Reg Watson , who proposed the idea of making a show that focused on realistic stories and portrayed adults and teenagers who talk openly and solve their problems together . Seven decided to commission the show following the success of Watson 's Sons and Daughters , which aired on the network . Although successful in Melbourne , Neighbours underperformed in the Sydney market and struggled for months before Seven cancelled it . The show was immediately bought by rival network Ten . After taking over production of the show , the new network had to build replica sets because Seven destroyed the originals to prevent its rival from obtaining them . Ten began screening Neighbours on 20 January 1986 , taking off where the previous series left off and commencing with episode 171 . Neighbours has since become the longest running drama series in Australian television and in 2005 , it was inducted collectively into the Logie Hall of Fame . On 11 January 2011 , Neighbours moved to Ten 's digital channel , Eleven . The show 's storylines concern the domestic and professional lives of the people who live and work in Erinsborough , a fictional suburb of Melbourne , Victoria . The series primarily centres on the residents of Ramsay Street , a short cul-de-sac , and its neighbouring area , the Lassiters complex , which includes a bar , hotel , cafe , police station , lawyers ' office and park . Neighbours began with three families created by Watson -- the Ramsays , the Robinsons and the Clarkes . Watson said that he wanted to show three families who are friends living in a small street . The Robinsons and the Ramsays had a long history and were involved in an ongoing rivalry . Pin Oak Court , in Vermont South , is the real cul-de-sac that has doubled for Ramsay Street since 1985 . All of the houses featured are real and the residents allow the production to shoot external scenes in their yards . The interior scenes are filmed at the Global Television studios in Forest Hill . Through its entire run in Australia , Neighbours has been screened as a twenty-two-minute episode each week night in an early-evening slot . In Australia it is currently broadcast each weeknight at 6:30 pm on Eleven . The show is produced by FremantleMedia and has been sold to over sixty countries around the world , making it one of Australia 's most successful media exports . Neighbours was first screened in the United Kingdom in October 1986 on BBC1 where it achieved huge popularity among British audiences in the late 1980s and 1990s . In 2008 , it moved to the UK 's Channel 5 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a0e8c748239fbd7fb22ebb49a247c814", "text": "Cheyenne Cinnamon and the Fantabulous Unicorn of Sugar Town Candy Fudge Cheyenne Cinnamon and the Fantabulous Unicorn of Sugar Town Candy Fudge ( often shortened to Cheyenne Cinnamon ) , is an American animated television series pilot created by Dave Willis and Matt Harrigan ; mainly produced by Williams Street it was animated by Radical Axis . Rated TV-MA , the pilot episode aired on Cartoon Network 's late night programming block Adult Swim on March 29 , 2010 , and finally was n't picked up for a full series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "480f0c011dc0a8ca0c4468503c6fc31a", "text": "WNBJ-LD WNBJ-LD is the NBC-affiliated low-powered television station licensed to and serving Jackson , Tennessee . The station is owned by Jackson TV , LLC , and it is broadcast on UHF channel 16 ( displayed as channel 39 through the use of PSIP ) It is branded as NBC 39 . Their broadcast facilities are located at 101 North Highland Avenue in Downtown Jackson . Within the Jackson television market , it is currently available over the air Channel 39.1 or on Dish Network channel 6 and DirecTV Channel 5 , and on local cable systems , such as Jackson Energy Authority ( JEA ) Cable on channel 4 ( basic ) or in HD on channel 188 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "099ee3a77bbfd07b11206802b6634ecd", "text": "Desperate Housewives Desperate Housewives is an American television comedy-drama and mystery series created by Marc Cherry , and produced by ABC Studios and Cherry Productions . It originally aired for eight seasons on ABC , from October 3 , 2004 to May 13 , 2012 . Executive producer Cherry served as showrunner . Other executive producers since the fourth season included Bob Daily , George W. Perkins , John Pardee , Joey Murphy , David Grossman , and Larry Shaw . Set on Wisteria Lane , a street in the fictional town of Fairview in the fictional Eagle State , Desperate Housewives follows the lives of a group of women as seen through the eyes of their late friend and neighbor who committed suicide in the pilot episode . The storyline covers 13 years of the women 's lives over eight seasons , set between the years 2004 -- 2008 , and later 2013 -- 2017 ( the story arc includes a five-year passage of time , as well as flashbacks ranging from the 1980s to the 2020s ) . They work through domestic struggles and family life , while facing the secrets , crimes and mysteries hidden behind the doors of their -- on the surface -- beautiful and seemingly perfect suburban neighborhood . The series features an ensemble cast , headed by Teri Hatcher as Susan Mayer , Felicity Huffman as Lynette Scavo , Marcia Cross as Bree Van de Kamp , and Eva Longoria as Gabrielle Solis . Brenda Strong narrates the series as the late Mary Alice Young , appearing sporadically in flashbacks or dream sequences . Desperate Housewives was well received by viewers and critics alike . It won multiple Primetime Emmy , Golden Globe and Screen Actors Guild Awards . From the 2004 -- 05 through the 2008 -- 09 television seasons , its first five seasons were rated amongst the top ten most-watched series . In 2007 , it was reported to be the most popular show in its demographic worldwide , with an audience of approximately 120 million and was also reported as the third most watched television series in a study of ratings in twenty countries . In 2012 , it remained the most-watched comedy series internationally based on data from Eurodata TV Worldwide , which measured ratings across five continents ; it has held this position since 2006 . Moreover , it was the third highest revenue earning series for 2010 , with $ 2.74 million per half an hour . The show was ranked at number fifty-six on Entertainment Weekly `` New TV Classics '' list . In 2011 , it was confirmed that Desperate Housewives would conclude after its eighth season ; the series finale aired on May 13 , 2012 . By the end of the series , it had surpassed Charmed as the longest running hour-long television series featuring all female leads by two episodes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd00946bfb71c0a7d2d118e1e9a9bef0", "text": "The Outcasts (TV series) The Outcasts is an American Western genre television series , appearing on ABC in the 1968-69 season . The series stars Don Murray and Otis Young . It is most notable for being the first television Western with an African American co-star .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d3741b65b999c16bf480750ea1b6d26b", "text": "Living Single Living Single is an American television sitcom that aired for five seasons on the Fox network from August 29 , 1993 , to January 1 , 1998 . The show centered on the lives of six friends who share personal and professional experiences while living in a Brooklyn brownstone . Throughout its run , Living Single became one of the most popular African-American sitcoms of its era , ranking among the top five in African-American ratings in all five seasons . The series was produced by Yvette Lee Bowser 's company , Sister Lee , in association with Warner Bros. . Television . In contrast to the popularity of NBC 's `` Must See TV '' -- first on Sunday nights and then later on Thursday nights in the 1990s -- many African-American and Latino viewers flocked to Fox . For the 1993 -- 94 season , Living Single aired on Sunday nights between Martin and Married ... with Children , and then on Thursday nights from 1994 to 1998 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "06475d60c5cdf7dadd1ef6e47c4fbe80", "text": "Cheyenne Rides Again Cheyenne Rides Again is a 1937 western film directed by Robert F. Hill . It stars Tom Tyler and Lon Chaney Jr. . Much as did Alfred Hitchcock in his own films , director Hill appears in a cameo as townsman `` Bartender Ed '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "130b8c7d67768a7a7e04ed98d6992cae", "text": "List of Jane the Virgin episodes Jane the Virgin is an American comedy-drama television series that premiered on The CW on October 13 , 2014 . The series follows Jane Villanueva , a hard-working , religious young Latina woman whose family tradition and a vow to save her virginity until marriage is shattered when a doctor mistakenly artificially inseminates her during a checkup . To make matters worse , the biological donor is a married man , a former playboy and cancer survivor who is not only the new owner of the hotel where Jane works , but was also her former teenage crush . On October 21 , 2014 , the show was given a full season order . On January 11 , 2015 , the show was renewed for a second season , On March 11 , 2016 , the show was renewed for a third season . On January 8 , 2017 , the show was renewed for a fourth season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e4d49152a63e5c7fb6e65e9d4884655d", "text": "Kym Jackson Kym Jackson ( born 1 July 1983 ) is an Australian actress and author . She is known for her roles in feature films Worry Dolls Iron Sky , Red Line and Snitch , and CBS hit TV shows Criminal Minds and NCIS : Los Angeles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "14dde957c294c69d9e143641ce749f48", "text": "Mel Jackson Mel Jackson ( born October 13 , 1970 , in Chicago , Illinois ) is an African-American actor , producer , spoken word artist and R&B musician . He is known for his roles in Living Single ( 1997 -- 98 ) , Soul Food ( 1997 ) , The Temptations ( 1998 ) , Deliver Us from Eva ( 2003 ) , and Abduction of Jesse Bookman ( 2008 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a0cd4f4022e8629f95693e7d86450291", "text": "Carter Jackson Carter Jackson is an actor based in New York City .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0893fdb21ce44010162e5fd76088021d", "text": "The Suite Life of Zack & Cody The Suite Life of Zack & Cody is an American sitcom created by Danny Kallis and Jim Geoghan . The series was first broadcast on Disney Channel on March 18 , 2005 , with 4 million viewers , making it the most successful premiere for Disney Channel in 2005 . It was one of their first five shows available on the iTunes Store . The series was nominated for an Emmy Award three times and was nominated for a Nickelodeon Kids ' Choice Award three times . The show was also a long-standing staple of the now defunct ABC Kids Saturday morning block on ABC . The series is set in the Tipton Hotel in Boston and centers on Zack Martin and Cody Martin ( Dylan and Cole Sprouse ) , troublesome twins who live at the Tipton Hotel . The series ' other main characters include the Tipton hotel 's ditzy heiress London Tipton ( Brenda Song ) , the hotel 's candy counter girl Maddie Fitzpatrick ( Ashley Tisdale ) , the manager , Mr. Marion Moseby ( Phill Lewis ) , and the boys ' single mother who is also the Hotel 's lounge singer , Carey Martin ( Kim Rhodes ) . The series is the third Disney Channel Original to have more than 65 episodes , after That 's So Raven and Kim Possible . Reruns aired on Disney XD and on the Watch Disney XD app . Reruns of the show aired on Disney Channel until April 14 , 2017 . The Suite Life spawned a sequel series , also starring the Sprouse twins in their respective roles as Zack and Cody , called The Suite Life on Deck , which aired on the Disney Channel from 2008 to 2011 . A TV movie based on both series , The Suite Life Movie , premiered on Disney Channel on March 25 , 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bd12adeb38acf8d39d363d772e17810c", "text": "Aftershocks (Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.) `` Aftershocks '' is the eleventh episode of the second season of the American television series Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. , based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D. ( Strategic Homeland Intervention , Enforcement and Logistics Division ) , revolving around the character of Phil Coulson and his team of S.H.I.E.L.D. agents as they race to strike back against Hydra after an apparent defeat to the latter , while several characters discover they have gained new abilities following the end of the previous episode . It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe ( MCU ) , sharing continuity with the films of the franchise . The episode was written by Maurissa Tancharoen and Jed Whedon , and directed by Billy Gierhart . Clark Gregg reprises his role as Coulson from the film series , and is joined by series regulars Ming-Na Wen , Brett Dalton , Chloe Bennet , Iain De Caestecker , Elizabeth Henstridge , Nick Blood , and Adrianne Palicki . Palicki was promoted to series regular with this episode , after having a recurring guest role in the first half of the season . The episode also saw the return of Marvel 's `` The Art of ... '' marketing initiative . `` Aftershocks '' originally aired on ABC on March 3 , 2015 , and according to Nielsen Media Research , was watched by 4.48 million viewers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "21e3ea1d34b486fc70b45102c3d909e8", "text": "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon , Jed Whedon , and Maurissa Tancharoen , based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D. ( Strategic Homeland Intervention , Enforcement and Logistics Division ) , a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes . It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe ( MCU ) , sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise . The series stars Clark Gregg , reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films , as well as Ming-Na Wen , Brett Dalton , Chloe Bennet , Iain De Caestecker , and Elizabeth Henstridge . Nick Blood and Adrianne Palicki joined the cast for the second and third seasons , while Henry Simmons and Luke Mitchell had recurring roles in the second season before being promoted to the main cast for the third . John Hannah , who recurred in the third season , joined the main cast in the fourth . Additionally , several other characters from Marvel Cinematic Universe films and Marvel One-Shots also appear throughout the series , along with other characters based on various Marvel Comics properties . Several characters from the series also appear in the supplemental digital series Marvel 's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. : Slingshot . This list includes the series ' main cast , all guest stars deemed to have had recurring roles throughout the series , and any other guest who is otherwise notable .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6fd1d2b95b7b72772787c5dfd13d7211", "text": "Janet De Gore Janet De Gore ( age , place of birth , and other personal information unknown ) is a former actress best known for her supporting roles on the ABC television series , The Law and Mr. Jones , in which she portrayed the legal secretary , Marsha Spear , to attorney Abraham Lincoln Jones , played by James Whitmore ( 1921 -- 2009 ) . A second costar , Conlan Carter ( born 1934 ) , portrayed the legal assistant , C.E. Carruthers . Carter later joined the cast of ABC 's Combat ! . Thereafter , De Gore played the young widow Louise Howard , the attractive romantic interest of Richard Crenna ( 1927 -- 2003 ) in his revised role as the recently widowed Luke McCoy on CBS ' The Real McCoys . The situation comedy starring Walter Brennan had premiered on ABC in 1957 but switched networks and nights from Thursday to Sunday opposite Bonanza on NBC for its final year . Kathleen Nolan , who played Crenna 's on-screen wife , Kate McCoy , left the series after five years ; it was announced that Nolan 's character had died . Butch Patrick , later of CBS 's The Munsters , played Greg Howard , Louise 's 9-year-old son , in the revised The McCoys . Most of De Gore 's acting occurred between 1952 and 1966 . Her early roles were in dramatic anthologies , including Hallmark Hall of Fame , the Philco Television Playhouse , and Kraft Television Theatre . In 1960-1961 , as she joined Four Star 's The Law and Mr. Jones cast , she also appeared in episodes of two Warner Brothers series , Will Hutchins ' western Sugarfoot and Efrem Zimbalist , Jr. 's detective series , 77 Sunset Strip , both on ABC . In 1964 , she appeared as a flight attendant in the episode `` Second Chance '' of the ABC science fiction series The Outer Limits . In 1965 , she appeared on Chuck Connors ' short-lived NBC western Branded . In 1966 , her last year of television credits , De Gore appeared on The Farmer 's Daughter ( ABC ) with Inger Stevens , Perry Mason ( CBS ) with Raymond Burr , and NBC 's powerhouse western Bonanza , which had destroyed The McCoys in the 1962-1963 ratings . Her Bonanza role on the episode entitled `` Tommy '' was that of Allie Miller . She is believed to reside in the Greater Los Angeles Area .", "title": "" } ]
fever
4a6792ad6a5020f787b0293366dcc4a2
Alessia Cara released a song.
[ { "docid": "1ee722425371b645b238ac5880637fab", "text": "Scars to Your Beautiful `` Scars to Your Beautiful '' is a song by Canadian singer and songwriter Alessia Cara for her debut studio album , Know-It-All ( 2015 ) . It was released to Top 40 radio on July 26 , 2016 , as the third single from the album . It peaked at number eight and thus became Alessia Cara 's second top-ten single on US Billboard Hot 100 . The song was written by Cara , Warren Felder , Coleridge Tillman , and Andrew Wansel , with the production being handled by Felder , Tillman , and Wansel .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "251376a48c27b1e7b7e5cbb292485393", "text": "Alessia Cara Alessia Caracciolo ( -LSB- aˈlɛssja kaˈrattʃolo -RSB- ; born July 11 , 1996 ) , professionally known as Alessia Cara , is a Canadian singer and songwriter . She is signed to EP Entertainment and Def Jam Recordings and released her debut single , `` Here '' , from the debut studio album , Know-It-All , released November 13 , 2015 . A sleeper hit , the song reached the top five in the United States and the top 20 in Canada . Prior to her work for Def Jam , she produced acoustic covers on YouTube . In 2016 , her single `` Scars to Your Beautiful '' reached the top ten on the Billboard Hot 100 and topped the US pop radio charts . In 2017 , Cara collaborated with producer Zedd to create the single `` Stay '' , which has since reached number 7 on the Billboard Hot 100 , making it her third top ten song .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fac3e5e3760837b0d957c13ec7c68b28", "text": "Stay (Zedd and Alessia Cara song) `` Stay '' is a song by Russian-German electronic music producer Zedd and Canadian singer Alessia Cara . The single was released on 23 February 2017 through Interscope Records . The official music video was released on 18 April 2017 , on YouTube .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "a84ca59c229849d05c6c18a073ffcf36", "text": "Crazy Sexy Wild `` Crazy Sexy Wild '' is a song by Romanian recording artist Inna . They were produced by Sebastian Barac , Marcel Botezan and Radu Bolfea , better known as the Romanian songwriter and music producer trio Play & Win , and co-written by GoodWill & MGI and Kimberly Cole . First published in May on YouTube and officially released on iTunes in June 2012 , `` Tu și eu '' was sung in Romanian and English language . Inna released a complete English version of the song , entitled `` Crazy Sexy Wild '' on June 17 , 2012 . For the international promotion a music video for `` Crazy Sexy Wild '' was released on August 2 , 2012 . The music video for `` Tu și eu '' was released on August 8 , 2012 . `` Tu și eu '' became an overwhelming radio hit in Romania , distinctly outperforming its predecessor `` Caliente '' on the Romanian Top 100 . Its top ten entry made Inna the most successful Romanian female artist in Romanian Top 100 chart history .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "31e3d136f6c1a09d9b9afec0f391ee43", "text": "Alesha Dixon discography Alesha Dixon , a British R&B singer has released three studio albums , nine lead singles ( not including two singles on which she is featured and three promotional singles ) and thirteen music videos . Dixon was also a member of the popular music group Mis-Teeq , together with whom she released four albums and several successful singles . Dixon 's discography as a solo artist began with the release of `` Lipstick '' under the mononym `` Alesha '' on 14 August 2006 in the United Kingdom , intended as the lead single from her album Fired Up . The song reached number fourteen on the UK Singles Chart , and was followed by `` Knockdown , '' the poor performance of which caused the album 's release to be cancelled and Alesha to be dropped by record label Polydor . However , Fired Up was released both physically and digitally in Japan , where it reached number 54 on the Japanese Oricon Albums Chart . Following Dixon 's success on BBC reality television programme Strictly Come Dancing , she was signed to Asylum Records to release her second album The Alesha Show . The album yielded four singles , two of which reached the top ten of the UK Singles Chart . One , titled `` The Boy Does Nothing '' is Dixon 's best-selling single release to date , as it achieved worldwide chart success . The Alesha Show went on to be certified Platinum by the British Phonographic Industry , denoting shipments of 300,000 copies and allowing her to begin recording for her third studio album The Entertainer , which was preceded by the single `` Drummer Boy '' . Despite yielding four singles , the album peaked at just number 84 on the UK Albums Chart and was not certified , leading to Dixon parting with her record label .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e4defae6fdff7473b3486c6b80a67199", "text": "Alegria, Alegria `` Alegria , Alegria '' ( Joy , Joy or Happiness , Happiness ) is a song written and performed by Caetano Veloso . Often referred to as `` the Brazilian anthem of 1967 '' , it later appeared on his influential eponymous 1968 album . At first booed at the 1967 Rede Record festival for its use of electric guitars , Caetano 's interpretation and attitude eventually won the audience over . It placed fourth at the festival . Caetano has called it his `` best-known song '' , comparing it to the Rolling Stones ' '' ( I Ca n't Get No ) Satisfaction '' in terms of its place in his oeuvre . He partially based the song 's composition on the previous year 's winner , Chico Buarque 's much more conventional `` A Banda '' , purposely incorporating controversial rock and roll instrumentation -- provided by the Paulino band The Beat Boys -- to provoke the crowd . Although `` alegria '' means `` joy '' or `` happiness '' in Portuguese , the theme of the song is freedom . Caetano took the title phrase from the popular TV personality Chacrinha , who had in turn borrowed it from singer Wilson Simonal . The song is , alongside Daniela Mercury 's `` O Canto da Cidade '' , remembered by the population for the 1992 Fernando Collor de Mello impeachment . The miniseries Anos Rebeldes -- the theme song for which was `` Alegria , Alegria '' -- was a hit at the time , and Caetano 's song was sung during public manifestations in favor of impeachment . Fittingly , Mercury later recorded the song for an album celebrating the thirty years of the Tropicália movement . The song was voted by the Brazilian edition of Rolling Stone as the 20th greatest Brazilian song .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bbcd3567a9682838a81d396ab0fd5e25", "text": "Nella Fantasia '' '' ( `` In My Fantasy '' ) is a song sung in Italian based on the theme `` Gabriel 's Oboe '' from the film The Mission ( 1986 ) . With music by composer Ennio Morricone and lyrics by Chiara Ferraù , '' '' is popular among classical crossover singers , and was originally released in 1998 by Sarah Brightman . It has since been covered by many artists .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6130e8619d61f78a955eb2aafd2e1e10", "text": "Alessa Records Alessa Records ( initiated 2004 in Hagenberg , Austria ) is a record label mainly releasing in the genre jazz and jazzrock .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7458051d2a063cce77e3935d4351f26c", "text": "Ela é Carioca `` Ela é Carioca '' ( `` She 's a Carioca '' ) is a bossa nova song composed in 1963 by Antônio Carlos Jobim , with Portuguese lyrics by Vinícius de Moraes . English lyrics were written by Ray Gilbert . The song is sometimes titled `` Ele é Carioca ( He 's a Carioca ) . '' `` Carioca '' is a Brazilian term for someone from or something related to Rio de Janeiro . John Bush at AllMusic calls the song `` a cheerful sequel to ` The Girl From Ipanema , ' '' which was also written by Jobim and Moraes , and features lyrics about a young woman from Rio . The song was used as the name of a 2005 documentary film about `` Jobim 's love for Rio de Janeiro and the influence it had on his music '' - Tom Jobim : She 's a Carioca . The first recording of the song was by Os Cariocas in 1963 . Antônio Carlos Jobim recorded it for his 1965 album , The Wonderful World of Antonio Carlos Jobim .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "949eb9bcb10720fcd770aacc0c1ca2e7", "text": "L'Aura L'Aura ( born Laura Abela ; Brescia , August 13 , 1984 ) is an Italian singer , songwriter , composer , pianist and violinist .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "997fcd947d6e1131f0802173517cbb44", "text": "Never in a Million Years (Cara Dillon song) `` Never In A Million Years '' is the lead single release from After The Morning , the third album by Cara Dillon . The single was released as a promo for radio stations in the UK and Ireland . The single was also released exclusively by iTunes as a digital download a week prior to the release of After the Morning , where it climbed to # 39 in the iTunes Top 100 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "41513f677bcac879bb867756a53951da", "text": "I Did It, Mama! `` I Did It , Mama ! '' is a song recorded by Romanian singer-songwriter Alexandra Stan for her eponymous and second studio album , Alesta ( 2016 ) . Released on 27 November 2015 through Global Records as a single , the track was produced by Play & Win members Sebastian Barac and Marcel Botezan , and David Ciente . The writing process was handled by the latter three in collaboration with Stan , Eric Turner and Julimar Santos Oliveira Neponuceno . An europop , reggaeton , eurodance and dance-pop song incorporating Balcanic and ethnic influences , the record was described as resembling the lyrical message of Madonna 's `` Papa Do n't Preach '' . `` I Did It , Mama ! '' was met with negative to positive reviews , with music critics calling it `` an earworm '' and `` great '' , while others named it `` boring '' and unfriendly for radio airplay . An official music video for `` I Did It , Mama ! '' was shot by Bogdan Daragiu and uploaded in November 2015 onto YouTube in order to accompany the single 's release . The clip presents Stan being surrounded by different types of half-naked men , and aroused controversy for cut scenes where she is shown miming the sexual intercourse and oral sex with one of her background dancers . Commercially , the track peaked at number nine in Stan 's native country .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2f65d66477cce7a898a2ba04cd40f918", "text": "1-800-273-8255 (song) `` 1-800-273-8255 '' is a song by American rapper Logic . It was released on April 28 , 2017 , through Visionary Music Group and Def Jam Recordings , as the third single from his third studio album Everybody . The song 's name is from the phone number for the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline . The song features vocals from singer-songwriters Alessia Cara and Khalid . The song was produced by Logic and 6ix .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "35d2cd0094c0e420b6835457c53a9b41", "text": "Cola (song) `` Cola '' is a song by American singer and songwriter Lana Del Rey , taken from her third extended play , Paradise ( 2012 ) , and the reissue of her debut studio album , Born to Die : The Paradise Edition ( 2012 ) . `` Cola '' first appeared in a teaser trailer posted to her official YouTube account as a snippet . The lyrics were considered controversial , causing major media outlets to respond .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5026a56d31ae2fe58edf2992180a85b0", "text": "Viva la banda Viva La Banda is the 11th album by Mexican iconic pop singer Verónica Castro . It was released in 1990 . `` Caray '' is a song by Juan Gabriel .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7ba12c09fa2b0f96231e1e864eebaabb", "text": "Alessandro Casillo Alessandro Andrea Casillo ( born June 15 , 1996 ) is an Italian singer , launched by the talent show Io Canto . In 2012 he won the Sixty-second edition of the Sanremo Music Festival in the Youth category , with the song È vero ( che ci sei ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "96b8f36dee34e1da485e0158ed727823", "text": "Caraluna (song) `` Caraluna '' is a song written by Jorge Villamizar and performed by Bacilos . The song is the first single of the album Caraluna and was nominated in 2003 for a Latin Grammy Award for Song of the Year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "37fb70faf9758fbc33a9333ff6a5fc7e", "text": "Lipstick (Alejandra Guzmán song) `` Lipstick '' is the title of the first single released from the album of the same name by Mexican singer Alejandra Guzmán in 2004 . The song was written by Desmond Child , Lisa Greene , Roger Rusell , Ernest Newsky , N.C. Thanh and Storm Lee and translated to Spanish by Alejandra Guzmán and Jodi Marr . The track was also recorded in English and this version is included on the album . The song was not as successful as any first single from Guzman 's albums because presented a very different sound to her music , however with this track , the singer ( along with all the songwriters ) received a Latin Grammy nomination for Best Rock Song , losing to `` Eres '' by Café Tacuba .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f888bf02b6dc821afd6d66c0ca4d7ad0", "text": "Hips Don't Lie `` Hips Do n't Lie '' is a song by Colombian singer and songwriter Shakira , featuring Haitian rapper Wyclef Jean for the reissue of Shakira 's seventh studio album , Oral Fixation , Vol . 2 . It was released on 28 February 2006 , by Epic Records as the second single from the album . The song was written and produced by Shakira , Jean , Jerry ` Wonder ' Duplessis and LaTavia Parker . `` Hips Do n't Lie '' is a salsa and worldbeat song , which heavily incorporates samples from Jean 's earlier single `` Dance Like This '' and `` Amores Como el Nuestro '' written by Omar Alfanno . Upon its release , `` Hips Do n't Lie '' received generally favorable reviews from music critics . It received several accolades , including a People 's Choice Award , an MTV Latin America Video Music Award , and an MTV Video Music Award . `` Hips Do n't Lie '' reached the number one spot on charts in at least 18 countries including the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 , becoming her first number one single in the country . It also broke the record for the most radio plays in a single week and the fastest selling digital download song in the United States . The song was eventually certified Triple platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) , where it has sold over 3 million copies . It also topped the charts in Australia , Belgium ( Flanders and Wallonia ) , France , Germany , Ireland , Italy , Netherlands , New Zealand , Switzerland and the United Kingdom . Having sold over 10 million digital downloads , the track became one of the best-selling singles of the 21st century .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9fee01e99223ec9b9bdd931ab90f8bc6", "text": "Nummela (album) Nummela is the debut album by the Finnish singer Anssi Kela . Released in March 2001 , Nummela is the best-charting album in Finland with 16 weeks atop and currently ranks 13th on the list of best-selling albums of all-time in Finland .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "77b22fdb1d6111e679ea19a363b72282", "text": "Alessandra Rosaldo Alessandra Rosaldo ( born Alejandra Sanchez Barraro ; September 11 , 1971 ) is an actress , singer and dancer from Mexico . In 2006 , she was the winner of the first prize in Televisa Network 's , later broadcast in Univision Bailando por un Sueño . As an actress , she has played main and supporting roles in Mexican TV 's soap operas . She has sold over 4 million records in the Spanish-speaking world as the lead singer of her own pop music band Sentidos Opuestos as well in her solo singer career , for which she received the Lo Nuestro Award for Rock New Artist of the Year at the 16th Lo Nuestro Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a2c0acb4c901921f735c70d7e47dab02", "text": "Rapsodia (Mia Martini song) `` Rapsodia '' ( English translation : `` Rhapsody '' ) was the Italian entry in the Eurovision Song Contest 1992 , performed in Italian by Mia Martini , one of Italy 's most successful and celebrated female artists of all time , making her second appearance in the Contest after 1977 's `` Libera '' , which finished 13th in a field of 18 participating countries . The song is a dramatic and despairing ballad , in which Martini sings about two `` old lovers '' who happen to meet in a bar . She sings that they have `` left their families , betrayed their friends '' as part of their quest for `` another youth '' , still `` they do n't want advice about how to be happy '' . They ask themselves `` who they really are '' , as they sit there `` worn out , ashamed , yet sincere '' , wondering `` why it all had to end '' , confessing that they ca n't get `` this life '' to work out . The entire situation is described as `` this immense and hopeless rhapsody '' , and as the old lovers leave the bar - and each other - they both become `` songs of once upon a time '' . The song was performed nineteenth on the night , following Denmark 's Kenny Lübcke & Lotte Nilsson with `` Alt det som ingen ser '' and preceding Yugoslavia 's `` Extra Nena '' with `` Ljubim te pesmama '' . At the close of voting , it had received 111 points , including 12 points from France , Finland , Norway and The Netherlands , 10 points from Cyprus and Iceland , and 8 points from Sweden and Portugal , placing it 4th in a field of 23 , a considerably better result than in 1977 . `` Rapsodia '' was succeeded as Italian representative at the 1993 Contest by Enrico Ruggeri with `` Sole d'Europa '' . Three years after participating in the contest Martini unexpectedly died , at just 47 years old . Category : Eurovision songs of Italy Category : Eurovision songs of 1992 Category :1992 songs Category : Mia Martini songs Category : Songs written by Giancarlo Bigazzi", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c0a7c5eb81a1d0ca50a2e3c0b82b13c4", "text": "Alexandra Burke discography The discography of British R&B and pop recording artist Alexandra Burke , which consists of one studio album , seven singles as a main artist , two as a featured artist and nine music videos . All songs which have been released under the recording label of Sony BMG and Syco Music . Alexandra made her debut in 2008 when she auditioned for British reality talent show , The X Factor during the fifth series , and ultimately won the show on 12 December 2008 . During the series she dueted with Beyoncé Knowles on Knowles ' `` Listen '' . After winning the show , she instantly had a record deal with Sony BMG and Syco Music and released debut single , `` Hallelujah '' . `` Hallelujah '' peaked at number-one on the UK Singles Chart and the Irish Singles Chart . The song became the current European record holder for single sales over a period of 24 hours , selling 105,000 copies in one day . It was also the top-selling song of the year in the UK , and became the 2008 UK Christmas number one single . By January 2009 , UK sales of Burke 's version had passed one million copies , a first for a British female soloist . The music video for the song was directed by Max and Dania who directed the charity single Burke released with fellow X Factor Finalists 2008 , `` Hero '' which also charted at number-one on the UK Singles Chart and Irish Singles Chart . Burke returned in late 2009 with follow up single , `` Bad Boys '' which featured vocals from American rapper , Flo Rida . She performed the song on the first live show of the sixth series of The X Factor . The R&B single debuted at number-one on the UK Singles Chart and Irish Singles Chart as well as Burke gaining international success with the single . `` Bad Boys '' went on to gain a Platinum certification and Burke was nominated for a BRIT Award , it was the second time Burke was nominated for the Best British Single , first time with `` Hallelujah '' . In the UK , `` Bad Boys '' is the 18th Biggest Download of all time . She released her debut album Overcome in October 2009 . It was described as `` edgy '' and `` beaty '' . The album was said to resemble artists such as Rihanna or Lady Gaga . Upon the release of the album , the album went straight to number one on the UK Albums Chart selling 132,065 in its first week . Its first-week numbers were the fourth largest first-week sales by a female artist in 2009 behind releases by Susan Boyle , Lily Allen and Leona Lewis and was the twenty-second best-selling album of 2009 , and the forty-third best-selling album of 2010 . The album spent 60 weeks on the UK Albums Chart and has been certified double platinum by The British Recorded Music Industry for shipments over 600,000 copies . `` Broken Heels '' was released as the album third single and `` All Night Long '' featuring Pitbull as the fourth . `` All Night Long '' received a platinum certification and Burke was nominated for another BRIT Award in 2010 . `` Start Without You '' was released in mid-2010 and the song went on to top the UK Singles Chart , `` The Silence '' was released as the final single from the album . Work began in 2011 on a second studio album , titled Heartbreak on Hold - was released on the 4 June 2012 . The lead single , `` Elephant '' - featuring Erick Morillo - was released on 11 March 2012 through RCA Records , where it debuted at number three in the United Kingdom ; marking Burke 's sixth top ten single as a solo artist . A second single , `` Let It Go '' was released and underperformed peaking at 33 . The album then debuted and peaked at 18", "title": "" } ]
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f6385d4f7bbd5b1599b0a7f21828b02c
Scott Eastwood is also known originally as Scott Clinton Reeves.
[ { "docid": "b14dffda7ca8a0ffeb30eb46f4c5c35b", "text": "Scott Eastwood Scott Eastwood ( born Scott Clinton Reeves ; March 21 , 1986 ) is an American actor , model , and professional skydiver . He has appeared in the films Flags of Our Fathers ( 2006 ) , Gran Torino ( 2008 ) , Invictus ( 2009 ) , The Forger ( 2012 ) , Trouble with the Curve ( 2012 ) , Texas Chainsaw ( 2013 ) , Fury ( 2014 ) , The Perfect Wave ( 2014 ) , The Longest Ride ( 2015 ) , Mercury Plains ( 2016 ) , Suicide Squad ( 2016 ) , Snowden ( 2016 ) and The Fate of the Furious ( 2017 ) . He has also been the model for the fragrance Cool Water by Davidoff . He is the youngest son of Academy Award-winning actor-director Clint Eastwood and second youngest of Jacelyn Reeves .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "b08fe8f66cbcb6fc6c40b7c53a22ebe8", "text": "Randolph Scott George Randolph Scott ( January 23 , 1898 -- March 2 , 1987 ) was an American film actor whose career spanned from 1928 to 1962 . As a leading man for all but the first three years of his cinematic career , Scott appeared in a variety of genres , including social dramas , crime dramas , comedies , musicals ( albeit in non-singing and non-dancing roles ) , adventure tales , war films , and a few horror and fantasy films . However , his most enduring image is that of the tall-in-the-saddle Western hero . Out of his more than 100 film appearances over 60 were in Westerns ; thus , `` of all the major stars whose name was associated with the Western , Scott most closely identified with it . '' Scott 's more than 30 years as a motion picture actor resulted in his working with many acclaimed screen directors , including Henry King , Rouben Mamoulian , Michael Curtiz , John Cromwell , King Vidor , Allan Dwan , Fritz Lang , and Sam Peckinpah . He also worked on multiple occasions with prominent directors : Henry Hathaway ( eight times ) , Ray Enright ( seven ) , Edwin L. Marin ( seven ) , André de Toth ( six ) , and most notably , his seven film collaborations with Budd Boetticher . Scott also worked with a diverse array of cinematic leading ladies , from Shirley Temple and Irene Dunne to Mae West and Marlene Dietrich . Tall ( 6 ft 2 1/2 in ; 189 cm ) , lanky and handsome , Scott displayed an easygoing charm and courtly Southern drawl in his early films that helped offset his limitations as an actor , where he was frequently found to be stiff or `` lumbering '' . As he matured , however , Scott 's acting improved while his features became burnished and leathery , turning him into the ideal `` strong , silent '' type of stoic hero . The BFI Companion to the Western noted : In his earlier Westerns ... the Scott persona is debonair , easy-going , graceful , though with the necessary hint of steel . As he matures into his fifties his roles change . Increasingly Scott becomes the man who has seen it all , who has suffered pain , loss , and hardship , and who has now achieved ( but at what cost ? ) a stoic calm proof against vicissitude . During the early 1950s , Scott was a consistent box-office draw . In the annual Motion Picture Herald Top Ten Polls , he ranked 10th in 1950 , seventh in 1951 , and 10th in both 1952 and 1953 . Scott also appeared in the Quigley 's Top Ten Money Makers Poll from 1950 to 1953 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0931ffed33b7251efe84c0eba446eca1", "text": "Jason-Shane Scott Jason-Shane Scott ( born December 29 , 1976 ) is an American actor . Scott was born in Southern California . At the age of two he moved to Reno , Nevada with his mother and older sister while making frequent trips to Los Angeles to visit his father . Scott attended Wooster High School and excelled at sports , playing baseball , basketball and football . His football talent earned him particular recognition ; his team won the state championship and Scott himself was offered numerous football scholarships . Upon graduation , Scott chose to pursue an acting career and moved back to Los Angeles . Enrolled in acting classes , he began studying intensely . He also took up modeling and spent several months in Europe . Upon his return to the United States , he appeared in such films as Shrieker , Until Death , A Turn in the Tree , Caught and Billy 's Hollywood Screen Kiss , as well as the Aerosmith videos for `` Love Is Hard on your Knees '' and `` Hole in My Soul '' . In 1998 he tested for and won the role of troubled teenager Will Rappaport on the daytime serial One Life to Live and moved to New York City . For this portrayal , he received two Soap Opera Digest Award nominations : 1999 , Outstanding Male Newcomer ; 2000 , Outstanding Younger Leading Actor . Scott 's three years on OLTL allowed him to polish his acting further as he was given a chain of challenging storylines . In 2001 , he left OLTL and New York and returned to Los Angeles . Since then , he has appeared in such films as Wolves of Wall Street ( 2003 ) , Latter Days ( 2004 ) and Starship Troopers 2 : Hero of the Federation ( 2004 ) and guest starred on such shows as the Lifetime drama For the People ( 2002 ) , NBC 's Scrubs and CBS 's CSI : Crime Scene Investigation . Scott has also made a few brief returns to One Life to Live since his departure in 2001 , most recently in September 2007 . He has appeared on CBS 's The Young and the Restless and has co-starred with Brittany Powell in Soapnet 's One Minute Soap titled `` Too Late '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3e2f86c39aecf553710bd0e605dfb07a", "text": "Willard Scott Willard Herman Scott , Jr. ( born March 7 , 1934 ) is an American weather presenter , author , television personality , actor , clown , comedian and radio personality , best known for his TV work on the Today show and as the creator and original portrayer of Ronald McDonald .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a0ab95b07216f9cefd824aece117c05e", "text": "Gary Cooper filmography The filmography of Gary Cooper chronicles the film appearances of American actor Gary Cooper . After starting his career in 1925 as a film extra and stuntman , Cooper made his official cinematic debut in 1926 in the Samuel Goldwyn production The Winning of Barbara Worth . He went on to become a contract player with Paramount Pictures where he established himself as a popular leading man prior to the end of the silent film era . Cooper 's future in the sound era was assured with the release of The Virginian ( 1929 ) , his first all-talkie film . For the next 32 years , he would be one of cinema 's top money-making stars . From 1936 to 1957 , Cooper ranked 18 times among the top ten box office attractions -- a record when he died in 1961 , and later surpassed only by John Wayne , who ranked among the top ten 25 times , Clint Eastwood ( 21 times ) and Tom Cruise ( 20 times ) . Cooper was nominated for the Best Actor Academy Award five times and won twice , for Sergeant York ( 1942 ) and High Noon ( 1952 ) . The latter film boosted his popularity , resulting in him being the number one box office attraction in 1953 . Cooper received a third Academy Award -- an honorary one -- just prior to his death in 1961 . His final film , The Naked Edge , was released shortly after his death . As of February 2008 , more than half of Gary Cooper 's feature films are available on DVD , while others not yet on home video are available for television broadcast . Unfortunately , at least two of his silent films -- Beau Sabreur ( 1928 ) and The Legion of the Condemned ( 1928 ) -- are now considered lost films . Another of his silent films , Wolf Song ( 1929 ) , was originally released as a part talkie , but survives only as a silent film . One of Cooper 's earliest talkies , Paramount on Parade ( 1930 ) , survives incomplete . The prints that are available for television are missing all but one of the film 's Technicolor scenes -- a partial restoration of these scenes was done by the UCLA Film Archives . This filmography contains sections for Cooper 's work as an extra in the earliest part of his film career , his feature film appearances , his occasional appearances in short films , and a section for a compilation film . Due to its length ( 92 films ) , the listing of his feature films is divided in four sections . Cooper 's film roles are listed , as well as the names of each film 's director and co-stars . Cooper 's awards and nominations are also listed . Except where noted , all of his films were shot in 35mm black and white . All films released prior to Lilac Time ( 1928 ) are silent films and all from The Virginian ( 1929 ) onward are sound films . The films made during the silent-to-sound transition are noted as being either silent or sound films . As an addendum , Cooper 's handful of television appearances are also listed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a755e4716b5b46db4a7c2d6a3db9a42f", "text": "Jackson Gillis Jackson Clark Gillis ( August 21 , 1916 -- August 19 , 2010 ) was an American radio and television scriptwriter whose career spanned more than 40 years and encompassed a wide range of genres . Gillis was born in Kalama , Washington to a highway engineer and a piano teacher . His family moved to California when he was a teenager . He attended California State University , Fresno , but transferred to Stanford University , where he earned his undergraduate degree in English in 1938 . He worked in England after graduating from college . After returning to the United States , he performed with the Barter Theatre in Virginia , together with Gregory Peck . George Bernard Shaw attended a performance of one of his plays , in which Gillis acted . Gillis received a note from Shaw that critiqued his exit , a postcard Gillis retained for decades . He enlisted in the United States Army and worked as an intelligence officer during World War II in the Pacific Theater . After completing his military service , Gillis moved to Los Angeles and took a job writing for radio shows , including the dramas The Whistler and Let George Do It . He moved into television scriptwriting and earned his first credit -- for an episode of Racket Squad , a series that starred Reed Hadley -- in 1952 . He wrote for The Adventures of Superman from 1953 to 1957 and also spent several years writing for Perry Mason and Lassie . His scriptwriting was prolific and varied , and over the years , he worked on shows such as Lost in Space , Hawaii Five-O , and Knight Rider . He wrote for the series Columbo , starring Peter Falk , from 1971 to 1992 . He also wrote a pair of detective novels , The Killers of Starfish and Chainsaw . After retiring from Hollywood in the 1990s , Gillis and his wife moved to Moscow , Idaho , to be near their daughter . Gillis was married to the former Patricia Cassidy , a fellow actor whom he met during his brief acting career at the Barter Theatre , until her death in 2003 . He died at age 93 on August 19 , 2010 , of pneumonia in Moscow , Idaho . His daughter recalled that her father watched little on television other than football , as `` he thought most of what was on TV was junk '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a1d800f3a58ce0e26dc0d8caddded51", "text": "Goodfellas Goodfellas ( stylized as GoodFellas ) is a 1990 American crime film directed by Martin Scorsese . It is an adaptation of the 1986 non-fiction book Wiseguy by Nicholas Pileggi , who co-wrote the screenplay with Scorsese . The film narrates the rise and fall of mob associate Henry Hill and his friends over a period from 1955 to 1980 . Scorsese initially named the film Wise Guy and postponed making it ; later , he and Pileggi changed the name to Goodfellas . To prepare for their roles in the film , Robert De Niro , Joe Pesci , and Ray Liotta often spoke with Pileggi , who shared research material left over from writing the book . According to Pesci , improvisation and ad-libbing came out of rehearsals wherein Scorsese gave the actors freedom to do whatever they wanted . The director made transcripts of these sessions , took the lines he liked best , and put them into a revised script , which the cast worked from during principal photography . Made on a budget of $ 25 million , Goodfellas grossed $ 46.8 million . It received positive reviews from critics and was nominated for six Academy Awards , including Best Picture and Best Director , with Pesci winning Best Actor in a Supporting Role . The film won five awards from the British Academy of Film and Television Arts , including Best Film and Best Director . Additionally , Goodfellas was named the year 's best film by various critics ' groups . Goodfellas is widely regarded as one of the greatest films in the crime genre . In 2000 , it was deemed `` culturally , historically , and aesthetically significant '' and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry by the United States Library of Congress . Its content and style have been emulated in numerous other films and television shows .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3da37704c214f9a05ae94dfa27cd9df0", "text": "Scott Waugh Scott Waugh ( born 1970 or 1971 ) is an American film director , producer , and former stunt performer , best known for directing the 2012 war film Act of Valor with Mike McCoy . He also directed the Need for Speed film adaptation . He won the `` 10 Directors to Watch '' award at the 2012 Palm Springs International Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ddc7119e02d0de42e3d4ade260eae75", "text": "Willis Kent Willis Kent ( 1878-1966 ) was an independent American film producer . Willis Kent Productions was active from 1928-58 . Its films , about 40 in all , consisted mostly of low-budget westerns , many of which starred short-lived cowboy star and former football player Lafayette Russell ( aka Reb Russell ) , and cheap , sensationalist exploitation epics . The company 's first release , The Pace That Kills ( 1928 ) , was about innocent young teens being lured into the netherworld of cocaine addiction . Kent remade it , using the same title and same director , adapted with sound in 1935 . In some markets it was retitled as Cocaine Fiends , which is the title used on most VHS and DVD copies of the film . For at least two releases in the mid - '30s Kent joined forces with Dorothy Davenport , who had forged her own career in early exploitation films following the death of her husband , the morphine-addicted star Wallace Reid . Most of these films are now in the public domain .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bd4db7db265772d5d5f6b63ae6317315", "text": "Alexander Payne Alexander Payne ( born Constantine Alexander Payne ; February 10 , 1961 ) is an American film director , screenwriter , and producer , known for the films Citizen Ruth ( 1996 ) , Election ( 1999 ) , About Schmidt ( 2002 ) , Sideways ( 2004 ) , The Descendants ( 2011 ) , and Nebraska ( 2013 ) . His films are noted for their dark humor and satirical depictions of contemporary American society . Payne is a two-time winner of the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay , and a three-time nominee of the Academy Award for Best Director .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "470258458099f374fd25f8c01952fdcb", "text": "Clint Mansell Clinton Darryl `` Clint '' Mansell ( -LSB- ˈmænsəl -RSB- born 7 January 1963 ) is an English musician , composer , and former lead singer of the band Pop Will Eat Itself . After Pop Will Eat Itself disbanded in 1996 , Mansell was introduced to film scoring when director Darren Aronofsky hired him to score his debut film , Pi . Mansell then wrote the score for Aronofsky 's next film , Requiem for a Dream , which has been well received . The film 's primary composition `` Lux Aeterna '' has become extremely popular , appearing in a variety of advertisements , film trailers and YouTube videos being branded as Epic Music . His notable film scores include Pi , The Fountain , Moon , Smokin ' Aces , Requiem for a Dream , The Wrestler , Doom , Black Swan , High-Rise and Ghost in the Shell .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7dfc5a2fb8706ee09bfb309b5cb88d91", "text": "Hazard E. Reeves Hazard Earle Reeves , Jr. ( July 6 , 1906 -- December 23 , 1986 ) was an American pioneer in sound and sound electronics , and introduced magnetic stereophonic sound to motion pictures . He was also the president of over 60 companies , including Cinerama Inc. .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1519921e84d8eb405cc4df89c8b29398", "text": "Scott Brady Scott Brady ( born Gerard Kenneth Tierney ; September 13 , 1924 -- April 16 , 1985 ) was an American film and television actor best known for his roles in western films and as a ubiquitous television presence . His acting career spanned 1948 - 1984 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "769971b195387594e22bbe00fe641ef5", "text": "Scott Murray (filmmaker) Scott Murray is an Australian filmmaker and writer , best known for his long association with Cinema Papers and making the film Devil in the Flesh ( 1989 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "54e4e1c693ea953c4012bd3955cee420", "text": "Michael Scott Michael Scott , Michael Scot , or Mike Scott may refer to :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "140e995abe953ed57a1c04f1f7d83b81", "text": "Scott, New York Scott is a town in Cortland County , New York , United States . The population was 1,176 at the 2010 census . The town was named after General Winfield Scott . It is in the northwest corner of Cortland County and is northwest of Cortland .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "48929d0db43509ad9e93c04b85b6cea4", "text": "Gran Torino Gran Torino is a 2008 American drama film directed and produced by Clint Eastwood , who also starred in the film . The film co-stars Christopher Carley , Bee Vang and Ahney Her . This was Eastwood 's first starring role since 2004 's Million Dollar Baby . The film features a large Hmong American cast , as well as one of Eastwood 's younger sons , Scott . Eastwood 's oldest son , Kyle , provided the score . Gran Torino opened via a limited theatrical release in North America on December 12 , 2008 , and later to a worldwide release on January 9 , 2009 . Set in Detroit , Michigan , it is the first mainstream American film to feature Hmong Americans . Many Lao Hmong war refugees resettled in the U.S. following the communist takeover of Laos in 1975 . The story follows Walt Kowalski , a recently widowed Korean War veteran alienated from his family and angry at the world . Walt 's young neighbor , Thao Vang Lor , is pressured by his cousin into stealing Walt 's prized 1972 Ford Gran Torino for his initiation into a gang . Walt thwarts the theft with his M1 Garand rifle and subsequently develops a relationship with the boy and his family . Gran Torino was a critical and commercial success , grossing nearly $ 270 million worldwide ( making it Eastwood 's second highest-grossing film to date ) . Within the Hmong community in the United States , the film received both praise and criticism .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b9502b4a5c3f36eb6ce5f7345046e0f8", "text": "Scott Walker discography Scott Walker is the stage name of the American singer-songwriter Noel Scott Engel ( born January 9 , 1943 in Hamilton , Ohio ) , former lead singer with The Walker Brothers . He has been living in England since the 1960s , and continues to release new solo material . His earliest material was released under his own name in the late 1950s . His most successful period in his career was between the years 1965 and 1970 where in he released three albums with The Walker Brothers , before going on to record a number of popular albums as a solo artist . Walker 's career faltered critically and commercially in the 1970s where he became stuck in a cycle of releasing lacklustre albums of MOR covers . In the mid-1970s Walker reformed The Walker Brothers with mixed results . Their final album together ; Nite Flights ( 1978 ) was a sonic breakthrough for Walker . His next three albums -- each released eleven years apart -- developed and expanded his new direction . For a detailed listing of Scott Walker 's albums and singles with The Walker Brothers , see : The Walker Brothers discography .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e423dfe97f5055c74a244cd9d34a2c3", "text": "Clint Eastwood at the 2012 Republican National Convention On Thursday , August 30 , 2012 , American actor and director Clint Eastwood gave a speech at the Republican National Convention . Eastwood had endorsed Mitt Romney for the 2012 United States presidential election earlier that month , and spent much of his speech 's running time on a largely improvised routine in which he addressed an empty chair that represented President Barack Obama . The speech , broadcast in a prime time slot , was viewed live by around 30 million Americans . It generated many responses and much discussion .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "86b18dfe61ab6fbe6f85db1241ac2a0d", "text": "A Long Ride from Hell A Long Ride from Hell , in the original Italian known as Vivo per la tua morte ( literally `` I Live For Your Death ! '' ) , is a 1968 film directed by Camillo Bazzoni . It was based on the novel Judas Gun by Gordon D. Shirreffs . The film was bodybuilder Steve Reeves ' final film prior to his retirement . Reeves financed the film himself upon seeing the successful box office returns of the Clint Eastwood spaghetti westerns at the time , but the film did poorly and Reeves retired from filmmaking that year . Reeves portrays cowboy Mike Sturges , who , along with his younger brother , Roy , are sentenced to Yuma Penitentiary on a trumped-up train robbery charge . Both endure cruel treatment before Mike escapes to exact revenge on their enemies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4729e967c5ceb9a2b7d2f37195f56061", "text": "The Magnificent Adventures of Heartache The Magnificent Adventures of Heartache ( full title The Magnificent Adventures of Heartache -LSB- And Other Frightening Tales ... -RSB- ) is the fourth studio album by American singer-songwriter and musician Jason Reeves . The album was self-released in 2007 on the label abeautifularmyoftrees in the United States and later was re-released under Warner Bros. . Records on July 31 , 2008 . Recording and production for the album took place during 2006 and 2007 at the Revolver recording studio in Westlake Village , CA with producer Mikal Blue , as well as at The Backyard Studios with producer Stuart Brawley .", "title": "" } ]
fever
f8c49cfe6560906f1bb9be2f35c6d5ae
Jennifer Hudson was a finalist in the third season of American Idol.
[ { "docid": "9cb4352eca25434a1539ba35146852cc", "text": "Jennifer Hudson Jennifer Kate Hudson ( born September 12 , 1981 ) is an American singer , actress and spokesperson . She rose to fame in 2004 as a finalist on the third season of American Idol , coming in seventh place . As an actress , she made her film debut portraying Effie White in Dreamgirls , for which she gained worldwide acclaim and won an Academy Award , a Golden Globe Award , a BAFTA Award and a Screen Actors Guild Award for Best Supporting Actress . She has also appeared in such films as Sex and the City , The Secret Life of Bees and Black Nativity . She has made numerous television appearances , including guest roles on Smash , Empire and Inside Amy Schumer . In 2015 she made her Broadway debut in the role of Shug Avery in the 2015 revival of The Color Purple . As a singer , Hudson has released three studio albums . Her debut album Jennifer Hudson , released in 2008 , debuted at number two on the Billboard 200 and was certified gold by the RIAA , with sales exceeding a million copies worldwide . The record was nominated for four Grammy Awards , winning the 2009 Grammy Award for Best R&B Album . Her second album I Remember Me , released in 2011 , also debuted at number two on the Billboard 200 and was certified gold by the RIAA . Her third and most recent album JHUD peaked in the top ten and featured the Grammy-nominated track `` It 's Your World '' . She also became the principal singer of The Color Purple musical album , which earned her the 2017 Grammy Award for Best Musical Theater Album and a Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Musical Performance in a Daytime Program ( shared with the cast of The Color Purple ) . In October 2008 , after Hudson 's mother , brother and nephew were killed in a shooting , Hudson stepped out of the public eye for three months . Hudson resumed her public appearances in 2009 , with high-profile performances at Super Bowl XLIII , the Grammy Awards , American Idol , and The Oprah Winfrey Show . Hudson has been described as a friend of former President Barack Obama , who invited her to appear with him at a fundraiser in Beverly Hills during his first term in May 2009 . She also performed at the White House at the `` Celebration of Music from the Civil Rights Movement '' event . In 2013 , she received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame . In 2016 , Hudson was announced as a coach on the 2017 Series of The Voice UK . The following year , Hudson was announced as a coach on the thirteenth season of The Voice .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "0527ba018c3770c4894cb6859e33dcf7", "text": "It's Your World (Jennifer Hudson song) `` It 's Your World '' is a song by American recording artist Jennifer Hudson featuring fellow singer R. Kelly , recorded for her third studio album JHUD ( 2014 ) . It was written by R. Kelly and produced by DJ Terry Hunter . Released worldwide on July 8 , 2014 as the album 's third single , Hudson sang it for the first time at BET Awards 2014 on June 29 , 2014 . No music video was made for the single . The song was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best R&B Performance .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "68f6978d1cf45eb499410e25f1722d3f", "text": "Christmas with Scotty McCreery Christmas with Scotty McCreery is the Christmas album by season ten American Idol winner Scotty McCreery . The album was released on October 16 , 2012 , in the United States by Mercury Nashville . The album was certified Gold on November 26 , 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4625e4a25b4ba5a2250dafefa718a7e", "text": "Vote for the Worst VoteForTheWorst.com ( VFTW ) was a website devoted to voting for the worst , most entertaining , most hated or quirkiest contestants on the Fox Network television series American Idol as well as the NBC Network television series The Voice . Smaller campaigns have also been started on the site for CTV 's Canadian Idol , Fox 's On the Lot and The Next Great American Band , NBC 's America 's Got Talent , and ABC 's Dancing with the Stars . The website was started in 2004 during the third season of American Idol . Vote for the Worst also had a weekly radio show that has featured guests such as Ayla Brown , Trenyce , Leslie Hunt , Steffi DiDomenicantonio , Alex Wagner-Trugman and Todrick Hall . The site closed down in June 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d3870f41e0097af69832a937a594857c", "text": "Crystal Bowersox Crystal Lynn Bowersox ( born August 4 , 1985 ) is an American singer-songwriter and actress , who was the runner-up on the ninth season of American Idol . She was the first female finalist in three years . Bowersox 's debut album , Farmer 's Daughter , was released on December 14 , 2010 by Jive Records . Bowersox released her second album , All That for This , on March 26 , 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c5b38d005cde744f8682746e33aa478b", "text": "Jennifer Paige Jennifer Paige ( born September 3 , 1973 ) is an American singer and songwriter . She is best known for the 1998 pop hit `` Crush '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "add55637902ba8f442c2d2082bd6189c", "text": "American Idol (season 13) The thirteenth season of American Idol , styled as American Idol XIII , premiered on the Fox television network on January 15 , 2014 . Ryan Seacrest returned as host for his thirteenth season . Keith Urban was the only judge from the twelfth season to return . Former judge Jennifer Lopez , who returned after one season absence , and Harry Connick , Jr. joined the judging panel following the departures of Mariah Carey , Nicki Minaj and Randy Jackson . On May 21 , Caleb Johnson was announced the winner of the season , with Jena Irene as runner-up .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ec198836923b37feda5984f9541a73c3", "text": "The Power of Jennifer Rush The Power of Jennifer Rush is a compilation album released by American singer Jennifer Rush . This was the first official collection released by Rush . As well as featuring her past hits , a new single was released from the collection , `` Ave Maria '' ( originally from her earlier album Movin ' ) . Released in late 1991 , the album only reached No. 40 in Germany , but sustained a lengthy run on the charts and re-entered in 1995 . The collection also peaked within the top 40 in Switzerland and Austria . A repackaged version of the album , entitled The Platinum Edition was released in 2001 to mark its 10th anniversary .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3aec8b5ed8f6a04b0faec61e1c322caa", "text": "Rising Star (U.S. TV series) Rising Star was a short-lived American reality television singing competition which began airing on ABC on June 22 , 2014 . It was based on the international franchise series Rising Star itself based on the Israeli singing competition HaKokhav HaBa ( meaning `` The Next Star '' ) made by Keshet Broadcasting Ltd. . The program format lets viewers vote for contestants via mobile apps . It was filmed live in Los Angeles . The show is also carried in Canada , with advertising simultaneous substitution and voting access on CTV . Jesse Kinch was the winner of Rising Stars first and only season with a vote of 76 % . Macy Kate holds the record of highest vote with 93 % and she came in 9th place . Daniel & Olivia hold the record of lowest vote with 6 % and they came in last place . Rising Star was cancelled after the season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cc31aa55475d6c261cb1dd3524df719e", "text": "Jasmine Trias Jasmine Trias ( born November 3 , 1986 ) is a Filipino-American singer-entertainer who was the third place finalist on the third season of American Idol . She has released one album to date , Jasmine Trias .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5188a852c8131407a82827d3f04a76ea", "text": "EJay Day Earl `` EJay '' Day Jr. ( born September 13 , 1981 ) is an American singer and songwriter , who placed tenth during the first season of American Idol . Originally not chosen to advance into the voting rounds , Day was brought back to replace another contestant who had lied about his age . After being voted through the semi-finals into the top ten , Day became the first finalist in American Idol history to be eliminated from the competition . Prior to appearing on the Fox reality series , Day helped write the song `` Pure Love '' for Raven-Symoné 's album Undeniable and placed in the top 20 on Popstars : USA . Day went on to participate in the 2002 American Idols LIVE ! tour and throughout the following year made several appearances at charity events . He toured again in 2003 , as part of a promotional campaign called Coca-Cola 's Behind the Scenes With American Idol -- a tour in which various American Idol finalists performed in select shopping malls throughout the country . A recording of Day singing Edwin McCain 's `` I 'll Be '' is included on American Idol : Greatest Moments . This compilation album of all the season one finalists was released in 2002 and reached # 4 on the Billboard 200 chart . Although Day has never released a full album , he collaborated with his fellow American Idol season one finalist A.J. Gil on a single in 2003 . The song , `` Calling All Angels '' , was written for and released through the charity organization Give Kids the World . Day and Gil first performed this song in Pasadena , California 's New Year 's Day Rose Parade . Later that year , Day released his own single , `` Come Into My World '' , which attained limited airplay in Atlanta , Georgia . A full album by the same title was set to be released around 2006 , but has never been made available . Leading up to and then following his run on American Idol , Day has had a career performing on cruise ships -- most notably ones operated by Royal Caribbean and Holland America . Day has also been cast in several stage productions over the years . His social media accounts contain several original songs that have never been commercially released .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2350df8db0ab1cce2a299eef6e02fc3d", "text": "List of So You Think You Can Dance finalists (U.S. season 3) The third season of the American television series So You Think You Can Dance was broadcast between June and August 2007 . There were twenty finalists -- ten female and ten male . The finalists were progressively eliminated until four remained : the winner was Sabra Johnson , the runner-up was Danny Tidwell , and the third and fourth places were awarded to Neil Haskell and Lacey Schwimmer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8e69663488a59e4f0c0e3f146e1f5c4b", "text": "List of awards and nominations received by Jennifer Lopez Jennifer Lopez is an American singer , actress , dancer , fashion designer and producer . She began her career as an actress for a minor role in the film My Little Girl . Lopez gained her first regular high-profile job as a Fly Girl dancer on In Living Color in 1991 , where she remained for two seasons and remained a regular until she decided to pursue an acting career in 1993 . She received her first leading role in the Selena biopic of the same name in 1997 which made $ 35.5 million at box office . She ventured into the music industry in 1999 , with her debut studio album , On the 6 , preceded by the number-one single `` If You Had My Love '' . In 2001 , she released her second studio album J.Lo which sold over 12 million copies worldwide . she has released eight studio albums overall , as of today . Lopez has sold over 80 million records worldwide . She has won 133 awards from 324 nominations including 3 American Music Awards , 1 BET Awards , 1 Billboard Music Award , 10 Billboard Latin Music Awards , and 2 World Music Awards . In 2014 , she received the prestigious Billboard Icon Award for her contribution in music .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e16c84886c7cad54999aa6394acadac0", "text": "Sunday Best (season 3) Sunday Best is a gospel-singing reality television competition on BET . The third season of Sunday Best saw the removal of Bebe Winans as a judge amid personal scandal . Winans was replaced by Donnie McClurkin and Erica was replaced by Yolanda Adams . Kim Burrell joined the cast of Sunday Best in Season 3 as the contestant 's mentor . The season began taping in April 2010 and aired from May 2010 to June 20 , 2010 . The winner of Sunday Best 's third season was Le'Andria Johnson , 27 , crowned over finalist Elder Goldwire McLendon , 79 on June 20 , 2010 . More than 2 million Americans voted in the Sunday Best season 3 finale to crown Johnson the winner . Johnson , a 27-year-old mother of three at the time of her win , was awarded a recording contract and a 2010 Ford SHO . Le'Andria 's debut album `` The Awakening of Le'Andria Johnson '' debuted on the Billboard Gospel album charts at # 1 , and has maintained the position for 2 weeks . The album also peaked at # 8 on Billboard 's Independent Record Label chart , # 29 on the Billboard Overall Digital Albums chart and # 24 on Billboard 200 . Le'Andria released `` Christmas Best '' , a Christmas EP on November 21 , 2011 exclusively to Best Buy , and nationally December 6 , 2011 . Making her the first winner of Sunday Best to release more than one project so far .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "88d59fdfe2c26bb5682bfde39b0f4d4b", "text": "Dance with Somebody (Glee) `` Dance with Somebody '' is the seventeenth episode of the third season of the American musical television series Glee , and the sixty-first overall . Written by Ross Maxwell and directed by Paris Barclay , the episode aired on Fox in the United States on April 24 , 2012 . It is a special tribute episode to Whitney Houston , who died ten weeks earlier ( February 11 ) , and features seven of her songs . Upon its initial airing , this episode attracted 6.90 million American viewers and received a 2.7 / 8 Nielsen rating/share in the 18 -- 49 demographic , an increase of over 10 % from the 2.4 / 7 rating/share and 6.23 million viewers of the previous episode , `` Saturday Night Glee-ver '' , which was broadcast on April 17 , 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c5a3df06ae40071199e49ebcbe8b71a", "text": "Jennifer Love Hewitt (album) Jennifer Love Hewitt is the self-titled third studio album by actress and recording artist Jennifer Love Hewitt . It was released on September 3 , 1996 by Atlantic Records .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "475af628ce36adf1f451d82b83024fc7", "text": "Britney/Brittany `` Britney/Brittany '' is the second episode of the second season of the American television series Glee , and the twenty-fourth episode overall . Written and directed by series creator Ryan Murphy , it premiered on the Fox network on September 28 , 2010 , and pays tribute to Britney Spears . Glee club member Brittany S. Pierce ( Heather Morris ) experiences an anesthesia-induced hallucination in which she recreates iconic Spears moments , and comes to self-realization , and several club members follow suit . Co-captains Rachel ( Lea Michele ) and Finn ( Cory Monteith ) experience difficulties in their relationship , and club director Will Schuester ( Matthew Morrison ) becomes jealous of guidance counselor Emma Pillsbury 's ( Jayma Mays ) new boyfriend , Dr. Carl Howell ( John Stamos ) . Following the first season episode `` The Power of Madonna '' , which served as an homage to Madonna , Murphy planned two tribute episodes for Glee second season , of which `` Britney/Brittany '' is the first . He was approached by Spears about using her songs , and deemed her one of the most important female musicians of the decade , having inspired many of the show 's young cast to pursue musical careers . Spears makes several cameos in the episode , appearing in the students ' dream sequences . `` Britney/Brittany '' was also intended as a showcase for Morris , whose character was originally a background character on the show , but was promoted to a series regular after her character proved to be a fan favorite . The episode features seven musical performances , six of which were released as singles . It was watched by 13.51 million American viewers , Glee third largest audience ever , and attracted mixed reviews from critics . ToddVanDerWerff of The A.V. Club criticized its slightness of plot and incongruous musical numbers ; however , James Poniewozik of Time praised the episode for embracing its fantasy nature . Entertainment Weekly Tim Stack was dismayed by the close recreations of Spears videos , preferring Glee more original interpretations of its cover versions , yet MTV 's Aly Semigran felt that the performance of `` I 'm a Slave 4 U '' was one of the best sequences in the show 's history . Michele 's rendition of '' ... Baby One More Time '' attracted negative reviews , though her performance of Paramore 's `` The Only Exception '' was generally well received . Spears ' cameo received mixed reviews , with even those critics who received it favorably expressing relief that she did not appear for longer . Morris ' performance attracted critical praise , particularly for her dancing skills .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "08105b065f7f708dcb12cedf46745756", "text": "Adanna Duru Adanna Duru ( born October 10 , 1996 ) is an American singer from Diamond Bar , California who placed in tenth on the fourteenth season of American Idol . She also participated on Adam Levine 's team on season three of The Voice .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e036450f9b3fa899795db4878a95f2f0", "text": "Indian Idol Junior Indian Idol Junior is an Indian reality television singing competition . It is a spin-off of Indian Idol . It began broadcasting on Sony Entertainment Television Asia from June 1 , 2013 . Karan Wahi and Mandira Bedi were hosts of the show which was judged by music duo Vishal-Shekhar and with playback singer Shreya Ghoshal . A second season started on 30 May 2015 . The new judges were Salim Merchant and Sonakshi Sinha , while Vishal Dadlani reprised his role as the judge . The show was hosted by Hussain Kuwajerwala and co-hosted by Asha Negi .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "34df652b196b5446d725c95ebf500cba", "text": "Holly Henry Holly Mae Heinrich ( born March 31 , 1994 ) , better known by her stage name Holly Henry , is an American singer/songwriter from Minnesota . She took her stage name when competing in the fifth season of the United States version of reality singing competition The Voice . She subsequently built an international fan base as a Partner with YouTube and through original music releases .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "801e749256f47fb490510b39a05abacc", "text": "America's Got Talent (season 4) The fourth season of America 's Got Talent , an American television reality show talent competition , premiered on the NBC network on June 23 , 2009 . Country singer Kevin Skinner was named the winner on September 16 , 2009 . This season is the first season to be broadcast in high definition . This season 's host is Nick Cannon , who replaced Jerry Springer . Springer had said that he could not host due to other commitments . David Hasselhoff , Piers Morgan and Sharon Osbourne returned judges , despite rumors that Osbourne would be leaving the show . Season four was Hasselhoff 's final season as a judge . This season started broadcasting live on August 4 , 2009 .", "title": "" } ]
fever
74660f78b7603b4487446c41af4cfe06
Sikhism originated at the end of the 15th century.
[ { "docid": "df1f464131e3c96fd025af63f6780159", "text": "Sikhism Sikhism ( -LSB- ˈsikᵻzəm -RSB- ) , or Sikhi ( ਸਿ ਖੀ , -LSB- ˈsɪkːʰiː -RSB- , from Sikh , meaning a `` disciple '' , or a `` learner '' ) , is a panentheistic religion that originated in the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent about the end of the 15th century . It is one of the youngest of the major world religions . The fundamental beliefs of Sikhism , articulated in the sacred scripture Guru Granth Sahib , include faith and meditation on the name of the one creator , unity of all humankind , engaging in selfless service , striving for social justice for the benefit and prosperity of all , and honest conduct and livelihood while living a householder 's life . Sikhism has 25-28 million adherents worldwide and is the ninth-largest religion in the world . Sikhism is based on the spiritual teachings of Guru Nanak , the first Guru , and the ten successive Sikh gurus . Guru Nanak established Kartarpur ( Creator 's town ) around 1520 and gathered the original core of the Sikh Panth ( community ) there . After the death of the tenth Guru , Guru Gobind Singh , the Sikh scripture , Guru Granth Sahib , became the literal embodiment of the eternal , impersonal Guru , where the scripture 's word serves as the spiritual guide for Sikhs . An Indian religion , Sikhism rejects claims that any particular religious tradition has a monopoly on Absolute Truth . Sikhism emphasizes simran ( meditation on the words of the Guru Granth Sahib ) , that can be expressed musically through kirtan or internally through Nam Japo ( repeat God 's name ) as a means to feel God 's presence , and to have control over the `` Five Thieves '' ( lust , rage , greed , attachment and conceit ) . Hand in hand , secular life is considered to be intertwined with the spiritual life . Guru Nanak taught that living an `` active , creative , and practical life '' of `` truthfulness , fidelity , self-control and purity '' is above the metaphysical truth , and that the ideal man is one who `` establishes union with God , knows His Will , and carries out that Will '' . Guru Hargobind , the sixth Sikh Guru , established the political/temporal ( Miri ) and spiritual ( Piri ) realms to be mutually coexistent . The development of Sikhism was influenced by the Bhakti movement , however , Sikhism was not simply an extension of the Bhakti movement . Sikhism developed while the region was being ruled by the Mughal Empire . Two of the Sikh gurus -- Guru Arjan and Guru Tegh Bahadur , after they refused to convert to Islam , were tortured and executed by the Mughal rulers . The Islamic era persecution of Sikhs triggered the founding of the Khalsa , as an order for freedom of conscience and religion . A Sikh is expected to embody the qualities of a `` Sant-Sipāhī '' a saint-soldier .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "0daae45840063793982e98ec3253bd2c", "text": "Udasi Udasi is a religious sect of ascetic sadhus centred in northern India . It is based on the teachings of Sri Chand ( 1494 -- 1643 ) , the son of Guru Nanak , the founder and the first Guru of Sikhism . The Udasis were key interpreters of the Sikh philosophy and the custodians of important Sikh shrines until the Akali movement . They brought a large number of people into the Sikh fold during the 18th and the early 19th centuries . However , their religious practicies border on a syncretism of Sikhism and Hinduism . When the Singh Sabha , dominated by Khalsa Sikhs , redefined the Sikh identity in the early 20th century , the Udasi mahants were expelled from the Sikh shrines . Since then , the Udasis have increasingly regarded themselves as Hindus rather than Sikhs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cc687894e4e4a185346b0310f2ed0143", "text": "Radha Soami Radhasoami . The Radhasoami mat or faith derives its name from its original Founder , the Supreme Being , Radhasoami who appeared in this world in human form and designated Himself Sant Sat Guru or perfect Saint or true Guide and Preceptor , and preached holy doctrines to sincere enquirer of Truth for the deliverance of their spirit from the bondage of body and its surroundings , as well as from the pains and pleasures of this world , and for the ultimate admission ( of their spirit ) into the Holy Presence of the Supreme Being after traversing and breaking through the trammels and impediments in the material spheres . There are many phases of development on the spiritual path , the most important being love , manifest in devotion , discipline and obedience to Guru guru bhakti . With the Grace and Protection of the Guru , the disciple moves from outer methods of devotion , prayer and ritual , to the inner spiritual practice - meditation . The meditation practice is called Surat Shabd Yoga , the Yoga of the Sound Current , which emphasizes collecting the scattered attention at the Eye Center third eye , by means of repetition ( mantra/simran ) , and listening bhajan to the Inner Celestial Sound , Nam or Inner Word , the Real Form of both Master and Disciple . In practice , Guru bhakti leads to Nam bhakti . `` The socio-religious revolution or renaissance which took place in India in the nineteenth century is generally known for its three facets : the change in Indian thought current under the hypnotic impact of the West ; a positive leaning towards puritanic revivalism as a reaction to the influx of western ideas ; and a deliberate attempt at synthesis of the Oriental and the Occidental . But besides these currents , there was one more - a spontaneous outburst of an inner urge of the Spirit , which was far away from any external influence whatsoever . The father of this spiritual renaissance was Soamiji Maharaj , the founder of the Radhasoami Faith , who started his teachings as early as the twenties of the nineteenth century . Whatever he said or wrote was the outcome of his intuitive realization and mystic revelations . Under this spiritual impulse he could draw a super-sensitive and English educated disciple like Hazur Maharaj towards him . The devotion of the disciple for the Master was matchless in form and precedence . And it was on his repeated requests that Soamiji Maharaj founded this esoteric faith in 1861 . The chief characteristics of this faith are love and devotion . It revitalized the medieval Bhakti trends and revived the ancient Guru traditions . The faith presents a new concept of the Supreme Being , a novel revelation of the name `` Radhasoami '' and introduces a well-defined and developed method of internal practice -- surat-shabd-yoga -- to the seekers after Truth . Not only an ascetic but also a man living in family can practise this Yoga . The faith has many other spiritual observances and a well spelled code of moral conduct to be followed by devotees . The faith owes its systematization to the second guru , Rai Saligram Bahadur ( Hazur Maharaj ) , who was its real architect . The Radhasoami Faith has made a remarkable contribution in the socio-religion field as well . The founder gurus of the faith made direct hit upon the prevalent malpractices and anomalies in the indigenous socio-religious beliefs . They advocated for steady and gradual reforms in Indian society and simplified religion so as to make it accessible to all who desire salvation from worldly bondage , without any distinction of caste , colour and nationality . '' Shiv Dayal Singh , called `` Soamiji Maharaj '' by devotees and admirers , was a khatri seth by caste in Agra , India . He used to insist that anyone who chose to follow him must give up non-vegetarian food , abstain from alcohol and intoxicants , lead a high moral life and engage in over two hours of shabd yoga ( sound-current yoga ) meditation per day . In the mid-1850s , Shiv Dayal Singh had a handful of followers in Agra . However , his teachings eventually attracted disciples from across India and by the time of his death in 1878 , Shiv Dayal had several thousand followers . He died on 15 June 1878 in Agra , India . Shiv Dayal Singh 's wife , Narayani Devi ( called Radhaji ) , Rai Saligram ( called Huzur Maharaj ) , Sanmukh Das , Gharib Das , Partap Singh ( Shiv Dayal 's younger brother ) and Baba Jaimal Singh were some of his prominent followers around whom individual satsang groups formed . This splintering off , led to the propagation of Radhasoami teachings to a wider audience , although with slightly varied interpretations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d93ca59c9e6aebc78e7394859f0045af", "text": "Sant Singh Maskeen Giani Sant Singh Maskeen ( 1934 -- 18 February 2005 ) was a Sikh scholar and theologian known for his expertise of Gurmat and Gurbani .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5f05c223e2ecfe8a1e31fabd4e4c74ba", "text": "History of Hinduism History of Hinduism denotes a wide variety of related Hindu denominations native to the Indian Subcontinent , most of whom live in modern-day India , Nepal , Pakistan , Bangladesh and Afghanistan . Adherents are also found in the Indonesian island of Bali . Its history overlaps or coincides with the development of Indian religions since Iron Age India . It has thus been called the `` oldest living religion '' in the world . Scholars regard Hinduism as a synthesis of various Indian cultures and traditions , with diverse roots and no single founder or source . The history of Hinduism is often divided into periods of development , with the first period being that of the historical Vedic religion dated from about 1900 BCE to 1400 BCE . The subsequent period , between 800 BCE and 200 BCE , is `` a turning point between the Vedic religion and Hindu religions '' , and a formative period for Hinduism , Jainism and Buddhism . The Epic and Early Puranic period , from c. 200 BCE to 500 CE , saw the classical `` Golden Age '' of Hinduism ( ( c. 320-650 CE ) , which coincides with the Gupta Empire . In this period the six branches of Hindu philosophy evolved , namely Samkhya , Yoga , Nyaya , Vaisheshika , Mīmāṃsā , and Vedanta . Monotheistic sects like Shaivism and Vaishnavism developed during this same period through the Bhakti movement . The period from roughly 650 to 1100 CE forms the late Classical period or early Middle Ages , in which classical Puranic Hinduism is established , and Adi Shankara 's Advaita Vedanta , which incorporated Buddhist thought into Vedanta , marking a shift from realistic to idealistic thought . Hinduism under both Hindu and Islamic rulers from c. 1200 to 1750 CE , saw the increasing prominence of the Bhakti movement , which remains influential today . The colonial period saw the emergence of various Hindu reform movements partly inspired by western movements , such as Unitarianism and Theosophy . The Partition of India in 1947 was along religious lines , with the Republic of India emerging with a Hindu majority . During the 20th century , due to the Indian diaspora , Hindu minorities have formed in all continents , with the largest communities in absolute numbers in the United States and the United Kingdom . In the Republic of India , Hindu nationalism has emerged as a strong political force since the 1980s , the Hindutva Bharatiya Janata Party forming the Government of India from 1999 to 2004 , and its first state government in South India in 2006 , and also the Narendra Modi led Government from 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "314a626f1ca8df00cf808612a87b394e", "text": "Mehdiana Sahib Gurdwara Mehdiana Sahib , also called the ` School of Sikh History ' is a Sikh gurdwara located in the village of Mehdiana , just outside Manuke , near Jagraon in Ludhiana district , India . Sikhs believe the site of the gurdwara to be where Guru Gobind Singh and his followers rested after the Battle of Chamkaur against the Imperial Mughal armies of Aurangzeb and where he was requested by his followers or the Sangat to write the Zafarnamah . The gurdwara is known for its uniquely coloured architecture and monuments depicting important events in Sikh history . Additionally , the Dhaab ( natural water reservoir ) , greenery , birds and trees made Mehdiana Sahib popular with pilgrims . Today parts of the Gurdwara have become dilapidated due to a lack of funds resulting from its isolated location and private ownership status .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7d238c75fad7451ab42235cd7ec22ac1", "text": "Sikh scriptures The principal Sikh scripture is the Adi Granth ( First Scripture ) , more commonly called the Guru Granth Sahib . The Sikhs do not regard this as their `` holy book '' but as their perpetual and current `` guru '' , guide or master . It was called Adi Granth until Guru Gobind Singh , the tenth and final guru in human form , conferred on it the title of the guru in 1708 , after which it was called Sri Guru Granth Sahib , or Guru Granth Sahib for short . The Granth has 1430 pages and is divided into 39 chapters . All copies are exactly alike . The Sikhs are forbidden from making any changes to the text within this scripture . The Guru Granth Sahib was compiled by Guru Arjan Dev , the fifth guru of the Sikhs . The work of compilation was started in 1601 and finished in 1604 . The Granth , called `` Pothi Sahib '' by Guru Arjan , was installed at Harmandir Sahib ( House of God ) with much celebration .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "00486d6cbaa463d27b1a783be8888ff9", "text": "Saraiki people The Saraikis , also known as Multanis , are an ethnolinguistic group in central and southeastern Pakistan , primarily southern Punjab . Their language is Saraiki . The Saraiki people follow many religions , among them mostly Islam . A small minority of Saraikis follow Christianity , Sikhism and Hinduism . After the independence of Pakistan in 1947 , some of the minority Hindus and Sikhs migrated to India .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "559d73956649e6360379b8eb950e19a9", "text": "Misl Misl generally refers to the sovereign states of the Sikh Confederacy that rose during the 18th century in the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent . The misls formed a commonwealth that was described by Antoine Polier as an `` aristocratic republic '' . Although the misls were unequal in strength , and each misl attempted to expand its territory and access to resources at the expense of others , they acted in unison in relation to other states . The misls held biannual meetings of their legislature , the Sarbat Khalsa in Amritsar .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da39f9f24e92446f1ee8eba1cfb7edb9", "text": "Buddhism and Hinduism Hinduism and Buddhism have common origins in the Ganges culture of northern India during the so-called `` second urbanisation '' around 500 BCE . They have shared parallel beliefs that have existed side by side , but also pronounced differences . Buddhism attained prominence in the Indian subcontinent as it was supported by royal courts , but started to decline after the Gupta era , and virtually disappeared from India in the 11th century CE , except in some pockets of India . It has continued to exist outside of India and is the major religion in several Asian countries .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e1f4f93b4fc1c077359ac772d82cd90", "text": "Living Master Living Master is a term which distinguishes a living spiritual teacher from one who has already left his physical form ( i.e. , died . ) Certain esoteric spiritual movements , notably Sant Mat and Surat Shabd Yoga , consider a living spiritual adept to be essential , and critique the world religions as mere shells where a living master ( who founded the religious movement ) has been replaced with a scripture , statue , effigy , or other symbol . Just as an example of the current usage , Sant Baljit Singh is described by his disciples as a Living Master , while Jesus Christ or the Lord Buddha are examples of past Masters or Masters out of date as per Sant Mat . TODAY a person who is ill can not have the benefit of medical advice from Dhanwantri ( the progenitor of medical science ) , nor can a litigant ask Solomon to decide his case , nor can a lady marry Adonis and bring forth children . Similarly , Saints who appeared in the past from time to time and conferred spiritual benefit on those who came into contact with them , can not do anything for the present generation . Each had his commission , and on completing it , entrusted the work of regeneration to his successor . Man can learn only from man , and God works His ways through living Saints . ( Kirpal Singh )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a7bfcb8a3001b12355735bd51a608aa3", "text": "Twarikh Guru Khalsa Twarikh Guru Khalsa a historical book of the Sikhs from their origin to the time when they lost the Punjab to the British . The author of the book is Giani Gian Sihgh . The work is divided into five parts : Janam Sakhi Dasari Guruari presents biographies of Guru Gobind Singh . Shamsher Khalsa deals with the career of Banda Singh Bahadur . Raj Khalsa describes the rise of the twelve misis . Sardar Khalsa contained accounts of Sikh principalities . Panth Khalsa treats of Sikh sects , gurdwaras and preaching centres .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ece8f25bb7d59394b854771893b721ca", "text": "Sikh Channel The Sikh Channel is a United Kingdom-based , free-to-air , Sikhi-focused satellite television channel . It broadcasts across Europe on satellite television , in Canada and is also streamed live on the internet . The Sikh Channel began to broadcast on 13 April 2009 on Sky channel 840 , replacing Brit Hits . The Sikh Channel primarily focuses on education and religious programming for the Sikh community . It operates from a studio in the Aston area of Birmingham . The Sikh Channel was set up by Davinder Singh Bal 's TV Legal Limited . TV Legal formed The Sikh Channel Community Broadcasting Company Limited to accept donations , which are used to pay broadcast and programming costs . The Sikh Channel Community Broadcasting Company Limited became a registered community interest company on 25 September 2009 and a registered charity on 2 June 2010 . In December 2012 , TV Legal Limited transferred the channel 's television broadcast licence to the Sikh Channel Community Interest Company Limited . On 18 April 2013 , the channel launched in Canada as `` ATN Sikh Channel '' through an exclusive licensing agreement with the Asian Television Network", "title": "" }, { "docid": "52b06a21678382c4a797a7cfd3743c38", "text": "Rise of the Ottoman Empire The foundation and rise of the Ottoman Empire is a period of history that started with the emergence of the Ottoman principality in , and ended with the conquest of Constantinople on May 29 , 1453 . This period witnessed the foundation of a political entity ruled by the Ottoman Dynasty in the northwestern Anatolian region of Bithynia , and its transformation from a small principality on the Byzantine frontier into an empire spanning the Balkans and Anatolia . For this reason , this period in the empire 's history has been described as the Proto-Imperial Era . Throughout most of this period , the Ottomans were merely one of many competing states in the region , and relied upon the support of local warlords and vassals to maintain control over their realm . By the middle of the fifteenth century the Ottoman sultans were able to accumulate enough personal power and authority to establish a centralized imperial state , a process which was brought to fruition by Sultan Mehmed II ( r. 1451-1481 ) . The cause of Ottoman success can not be attributed to any single factor , and they varied throughout the period as the Ottomans continually adapted to changing circumstances . The earlier part of this period , the fourteenth century , is particularly difficult for historians to study due to the scarcity of sources . Not a single written document survives from the reign of Osman I , and very little survives from the rest of the century . The Ottomans , furthermore , did not begin to record their own history until the fifteenth century , more than a hundred years after many of the events they describe . It is thus a great challenge for historians to differentiate between fact and myth in analyzing the stories contained in these later chronicles , so much so that one historian has even declared it impossible , describing the earliest period of Ottoman history as a `` black hole . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "87d1acfe0db917c03c7c5cded7ca897c", "text": "Khanda (Sikh symbol) The Khanda is the symbol of the Sikh faith , that attained its current form in the early 20th century . It is an amalgam of three symbols : A double-edged khanda ( sword ) in the centre A chakkar ( chakram ) Two single-edged swords , or kirpan , crossed at the bottom and sit on either side of the khanda and chakkar . They represent the dual characteristics of Miri-Piri , indicating the integration of both spiritual and temporal sovereignty together and not treating them as two separate and distinct entities . It depicts the Sikh doctrine Deg Tegh Fateh in emblematic form . It consists of three weapons and a circle : the khanda , two kirpans and the chakkar which is a circle . It is the military emblem of the Sikhs . It is also part of the design of the Nishan Sahib . A double edged khanda ( sword ) is placed at the top of a Nishan Sahib flag as an ornament or finial . The Khanda is often confused with the emblem shown on Iran 's flag which the Khanda predates . In recent years , the Khanda has been used to show solidarity within the Sikh community after high profile shootings in the United States . Another symbol that may be confused with the Khanda is the aad chand ( lit . `` half moon '' ) of the Nihang , which consists of a khanda sword in the middle of a crescent , aligned with points upward . The symbol is encoded in Unicode , in the Miscellaneous Symbols range , at codepoint U +262 C .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aca14584970af7bcac9721d892054777", "text": "Suraj Parkash The book Gur Partap Suraj , popularly known as the Suraj Parkash is detailed work of 51,829 verses describing the lives of the last nine Sikh Gurus and Banda Bahadur . It was finished in 1843 by Bhai Santokh Singh . It is a sequel to his own Nanak Prakash , describing the life of the first Guru . The lives of the Gurus , are divided into twelve Raas or sections . The life of the tenth Guru is presented in six Ruts ( literally six seasons ) , and into two Ayans , the ascending and descending phases of the year . The whole work is written Braj dialect of classical Hindi , with a significant use of Sanskrit words . Bhai Santokh Singh is said to have drawn from the writings of Bhai Gurbaksh Singh , who had been one of Guru Gobind Singh 's teachers and passed on his history to Bhai Sahib Singh . Suraj Parkash is one of the most revered Sikh scriptures which is recited regularly in the afternoon in a katha form ( story telling manner ) in all the gurdwaras . Suraj Parkash was first edited by Bhai Vir Singh during 1926-1935 . On the direction of the SGPC , Professor Kirpal Singh has started the re-editing of Suraj Parkash to remove `` mythological content '' , which shows Hindu influence and place it in an appendix . The editing has been criticised by some as amounting to `` poetic as well as religious sacrilege ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "95f5ca77e768d9b6b3b0aa8c694d976d", "text": "Karkoṭa Empire Karkota Empire ( c. 625 - 885 CE ) was a major power from the Indian subcontinent ; which originated in the region of Kashmir . It was founded by Durlabhvardhana during the lifetime of Harshavardhan . The dynasty marked the rise of Kashmir as a power in Central Asia and Northern India . Avanti Varman ascended the throne of Kashmir on 855 A.D. , establishing the Utpala dynasty and ending the rule of Karkota dynasty . Lalitaditya Muktapida , the dynasty 's strongest ruler captured parts of Central Asia , Afghanistan and Punjab with Chinese help . According to Kalhana 's Rajatarangini , Lalitaditya was able to extend the power of Kashmir beyond the normal mountain limits and in about 740 AD inflicted a defeat upon Yashovarman , the King of Kannauj . Lalitaditya was able to vanquish the Turks , Tibetans , Bhutias , Kambojas and others . According to some historians , Kalhana highly exaggerated the conquests of Lalitaditya . The Karkota emperors were primarily Hindu . They built spectacular Hindu temples in their capital Parihaspur . They however also allowed Buddhism to flourish under them . Stupa , Chaitya and Vihara can be found in the ruins of their capital . Martand Sun Temple in the Anantnag district were built by Lalitaditya . It is the oldest known Sun temple in India and was also one of the biggest temple complexes at the time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d8570980eb0f5333282a2a321a3dea71", "text": "Sikhism in Bangladesh Sikhism in Bangladesh dates back to 1503 but has declined after the partition . Most of the sikhs in the country are officials of Indian High Commission or pilgrims . Some estimates shows that there are 23,000 to 100,000 Sikhs in Bangladesh but Bangladeshi Sikhs are very rare . There were eighteen historical Gurdwara 's in Bangladesh but now only Seven are left .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d4b223fba3c7fd8017f8dbb6dd63932", "text": "Sikhism in England The permanent arrival of Sikhism in England is dated to 1850 A.D. with the arrival of Maharajah Duleep Singh ( last ruler of the Sikh Empire ) , at Census 2011 there were 420,196 Sikhs and in excess of 352 Gurudwaras in England with the largest communities in London , Bedford , Coventry , Birmingham , Wolverhampton , Bradford , Leeds , Warwick , Derby , Nottingham , Bristol , Glasgow and Huddersfield . Leicester is also important having the largest Sikh community in the East Midlands and the eighth largest Sikh community in England . Leicester is also the home of the Guru Nanak Sikh Museum , the first such museum in the UK . As of 2011 , the five English local authorities with the largest percentage of Sikhs are , in descending order , Slough ( 10.8 % ) , Wolverhampton , Hounslow , Sandwell and Ealing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "21f51306301dfdcc9fecd1257891ac28", "text": "Moinuddin Chishti Chishtī Muʿīn al-Dīn Ḥasan Sijzī ( 1142 -- 1236 CE ) , known more commonly as Muʿīn al-Dīn Chishtī or Moinuddin Chishti , or reverently as a Shaykh Muʿīn al-Dīn , was a Sufi , preacher , ascetic , religious scholar , and philosopher from Sistan , who eventually ended up settling in the Indian subcontinent in the early thirteenth-century , where he established the famous Chishti Order of Sufism . This particular tariqa ( order ) became the dominant Muslim spiritual group in medieval India and many of the most beloved and venerated Indian Islamic saints have been Chishti in their affiliation , including Nizamuddin Awliya ( d. 1325 ) and Amir Khusrow -RSB- ( d. 1325 ) . As such , Muʿīn al-Dīn Chishtī 's legacy rests primarily on his having been `` one of the most outstanding figures in the annals of Islamic mysticism . '' Although little is known of Muʿīn al-Dīn Chishtī 's early life , it is probable that he travelled from Sistan to India as a refugee due to the increasing prevalence of Mongol military action in Central Asia at this point in time . Having arrived in Delhi during the reign of the sultan Iltutmish ( d. 1236 ) , Muʿīn al-Dīn moved from Delhi to Ajmer shortly thereafter , at which point he became increasingly influenced by the writings of the famous Hanbali scholar and mystic ʿAbdallāh Anṣārī ( d. 1088 ) , whose famous work on the lives of the early Islamic saints , the Ṭabāqāt al-ṣūfiyya , may have played a role in shaping Muʿīn al-Dīn 's worldview . It was during his time in Ajmer that Muʿīn al-Dīn acquired the reputation of being a great spiritual preacher and teacher ; and biographical accounts of his life written after his death report that he received the gifts of many `` spiritual marvels ( karāmāt ) , such as miraculous travel , clairvoyance , and visions of angels '' in these years of his life . The tomb ( dargāh ) of Muʿīn al-Dīn became a deeply venerated site in the century following the preacher 's death in 1236 . Honored by members of all social classes , the tomb was treated with great respect by many of the era 's most important Sunni rulers , including Muhammad bin Tughluq , the Sultan of Delhi from 1324-1351 , who payed a famous visit to the tomb in 1332 to commemorate the memory of the saint . In a similar way , the later Mughal emperor Akbar ( d. 1605 ) visited the shrine no less than fourteen times during his reign . In the present day , the tomb of Muʿīn al-Dīn continues to one of the most popular sites of religious visitation for Sunni Muslims in the Indian subcontinent , with over `` hundreds of thousands of people from all over the Indo-Pakistan sub-continent assembling there on the occasion of -LSB- the saint 's -RSB- ʿurs or death anniversary . '' Additionally , the site also attracts many Hindu devotees , who have also venerated the Islamic saint since the medieval period . In 2007 , the shrine of Muʿīn al-Dīn suffered a bomb blast at the hands of ultra right-wing Hindu nationalist extremists , leading to the deaths of three devotees and the injuries of seventeen others ; the shrine has been completely restored since then .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8b57a1c920bd794597039bc1847fe109", "text": "North India North India is a loosely defined region consisting of the northern part of India . The dominant geographical features of North India are the Indus-Gangetic Plain and the Himalayas , which demarcate the region from the Tibetan Plateau and Central Asia . The term North India has varying definitions - the Ministry of Home Affairs in its Northern Zonal Council Administrative division included the states of Chandigarh , Delhi , Haryana , Himachal Pradesh , Jammu and Kashmir , Punjab and Rajasthan . while the Ministry of Culture in its North Culture Zone includes the state of Uttarakhand but excludes Delhi whereas the Geological Survey of India includes Uttar Pradesh and Delhi but excludes Rajasthan and Chandigarh . Other states sometimes included are Bihar , Gujarat , Madhya Pradesh and West Bengal . North India has been the historical centre of the Mughal , Delhi Sultanate and British Indian Empires . It has a diverse culture , and includes the Hindu pilgrimage centres of Char Dham , Haridwar , Varanasi , Ayodhya , Mathura , Allahabad , Vaishno Devi and Pushkar , the Buddhist pilgrimage centres of Bodhgaya , Sarnath and Kushinagar , the Sikh Golden Temple as well as world heritage sites such as the Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve , Khajuraho temples , Hill Forts of Rajasthan , Jantar Mantar ( Jaipur ) , Bhimbetka Caves , Sanchi monuments , Qutb Minar , Red Fort , Agra Fort , Fatehpur Sikri and the Taj Mahal . The languages that have official status in one or more of the states and union territories located in North India are Hindi , Urdu , Punjabi , Kashmiri/Koshur , Dogri and English .", "title": "" } ]
fever
c4d2766ec3f0e068de44362abecdb519
The United States Environmental Protection Agency began operating.
[ { "docid": "b53144f79212d67ade40a96172fd5d9f", "text": "United States Environmental Protection Agency The United States Environmental Protection Agency ( EPA or sometimes USEPA ) is an agency of the Federal government of the United States which was created for the purpose of protecting human health and the environment by writing and enforcing regulations based on laws passed by Congress . President Richard Nixon proposed the establishment of EPA and it began operation on December 2 , 1970 , after Nixon signed an executive order . The order establishing the EPA was ratified by committee hearings in the House and Senate . The agency is led by its Administrator , who is appointed by the President and approved by Congress . The current Administrator is Scott Pruitt . The EPA is not a Cabinet department , but the Administrator is normally given cabinet rank . The EPA has its headquarters in Washington , D.C. , regional offices for each of the agency 's ten regions , and 27 laboratories . The agency conducts environmental assessment , research , and education . It has the responsibility of maintaining and enforcing national standards under a variety of environmental laws , in consultation with state , tribal , and local governments . It delegates some permitting , monitoring , and enforcement responsibility to U.S. states and the federally recognized tribes . EPA enforcement powers include fines , sanctions , and other measures . The agency also works with industries and all levels of government in a wide variety of voluntary pollution prevention programs and energy conservation efforts . In 2016 , the agency had 15,376 full-time employees . More than half of EPA 's employees are engineers , scientists , and environmental protection specialists ; other employees include legal , public affairs , financial , and information technologists . In 2017 the Trump administration proposed a 31 % cut to the EPA 's budget to $ 5.7 billion from $ 8.1 billion and to eliminate a quarter of the agency jobs .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "a47196378c3f7b8333a472c6af681836", "text": "Nuclear Energy Agency The Nuclear Energy Agency ( NEA ) is an intergovernmental agency that is organized under the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ( OECD ) . Originally formed on 1 February 1958 with the name European Nuclear Energy Agency ( ENEA ) ( the United States participated as an Associate Member ) , the name was changed on 20 April 1972 to its current name after Japan became a member . The mission of the NEA is to `` assist its member countries in maintaining and further developing , through international co-operation , the scientific , technological and legal bases required for the safe , environmentally friendly and economical use of nuclear energy for peaceful purposes . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b8fac626c77fa67673910c1ca18bf75a", "text": "Environmental science Environmental science is an interdisciplinary academic field that integrates physical , biological and information sciences ( including ecology , biology , physics , chemistry , zoology , mineralogy , oceanology , limnology , soil science , geology , atmospheric science , and geodesy ) to the study of the environment , and the solution of environmental problems . Environmental science emerged from the fields of natural history and medicine during the Enlightenment . Today it provides an integrated , quantitative , and interdisciplinary approach to the study of environmental systems . Related areas of study include environmental studies and environmental engineering . Environmental studies incorporates more of the social sciences for understanding human relationships , perceptions and policies towards the environment . Environmental engineering focuses on design and technology for improving environmental quality in every aspect . Environmental scientists work on subjects like the understanding of earth processes , evaluating alternative energy systems , pollution control and mitigation , natural resource management , and the effects of global climate change . Environmental issues almost always include an interaction of physical , chemical , and biological processes . Environmental scientists bring a systems approach to the analysis of environmental problems . Key elements of an effective environmental scientist include the ability to relate space , and time relationships as well as quantitative analysis . Environmental science came alive as a substantive , active field of scientific investigation in the 1960s and 1970s driven by ( a ) the need for a multi-disciplinary approach to analyze complex environmental problems , ( b ) the arrival of substantive environmental laws requiring specific environmental protocols of investigation and ( c ) the growing public awareness of a need for action in addressing environmental problems . Events that spurred this development included the publication of Rachel Carson 's landmark environmental book Silent Spring along with major environmental issues becoming very public , such as the 1969 Santa Barbara oil spill , and the Cuyahoga River of Cleveland , Ohio , `` catching fire '' ( also in 1969 ) , and helped increase the visibility of environmental issues and create this new field of study .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4f69eed7b16e9e400b95d1a07bf99d38", "text": "Environmental Conservation Acreage Reserve Program The Environmental Conservation Acreage Reserve Program ( ECARP ) was a United States umbrella program authorized by the Food , Agriculture , Conservation , and Trade Act of 1990 ( P.L. 101-624 ) that includes the Conservation Reserve Program , and the Wetland Reserve Program . The Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996 ( P.L. 104-127 ) continued the CRP and WRP and created the Environmental Quality Incentives Program . The goal of the ECARP was to provide long-term protection of environmentally sensitive land . Contracts , easements , and cost-share payments were used to assist landowners and operators of farms and ranches to conserve and enhance soil , water , and related natural resources , including grazing land , wetland , and wildlife habitat . The Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 ( P.L. 107-171 , Sec . 2006 ) replaced ECARP with the Comprehensive Conservation Enhancement Program ( CCHP ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "efe9cbd4aa8d7d46ae00409f35167e44", "text": "Conservation district Conservation districts are government entities that provide technical assistance and tools to manage and protect land and water resources in U.S. states and insular areas . There are more than 3,000 in the United States . Depending on the state , they may also be known as soil and water conservation districts , soil conservation districts , resource conservation districts , or other similar names . Nationally and within each state , the districts are generally coordinated by non-governmental associations . District borders often coincide with county borders .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e2696e5e27a1339bf4aef3bdb5b8334", "text": "Environmental protection area (Brazil) An environmental protection area ( Área de proteção ambiental : APA ) is a type of protected area in Brazil that has some degree of human occupation , but where the primary intent is environmental protection . Human occupation is monitored and controlled . An environmental protection area often contains other types of conservation units , which may be more strictly protected .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4cd53b4add270ae8ebd523ec71134858", "text": "WDFW Toxics in Biota fish monitoring Fish are an important component of the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife 's ( WDFW ) Toxics in Biota Program , part of the Puget Sound Ecosystem Monitoring Program ( PSEMP , recently renamed from PSAMP ) . Since 1989 fish indicator species have been used to monitor contamination of Puget Sound by chemicals such as poly-chlorinated biphenyls ( PCBs ) , polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ( PAHs ) , pesticides , and metals . English Sole , the first species studied for the Toxics in Biota Program , have been used for monitoring by WDFW since 1989 . As of 2015 the program also monitors copper rockfish , quillback rockfish , brown rockfish , coho salmon , chinook salmon , Pacific herring , and Pacific staghorn sculpin . Exposure and effects of each contaminant are monitored for each species , and more in-depth studies of specific regions are performed if monitoring indicates a contamination problem . Geographical characteristics making Puget Sound especially susceptible to contaminants include funneling of fish through narrow inlets , restricted exchange of water , shallow sea floor sills , and freshwater inputs from urban sources . One of the largest sources of contaminants is stormwater runoff . During heavy rain events metals , persistent organic pollutants ( POPs ) , and pesticides flow untreated into local waterways , streams , and lakes . Impervious surfaces such as roads provide a route for deposition of metals and POPs by cars and industrial emissions , before subsequent discharge into nearby water bodies . The highly urbanized coastline of southern Puget Sound results in stormwater runoff containing high concentrations of contaminants .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4cabb7bbcbc02d6a1c88547fea22f7ef", "text": "Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918 `` MBTA '' redirects here . For the Boston , MA based transportation company , see Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority . The Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918 ( MBTA ) , codified at ( although § 709 is omitted ) , is a United States federal law , first enacted in 1916 in order to implement the convention for the protection of migratory birds between the United States and Great Britain ( acting on behalf of Canada ) . The statute makes it unlawful without a waiver to pursue , hunt , take , capture , kill or sell birds listed therein ( `` migratory birds '' ) . The statute does not discriminate between live or dead birds and also grants full protection to any bird parts including feathers , eggs and nests . Over 800 species are currently on the list . Some exceptions to the act , including the eagle feather law , are enacted in federal regulations , which regulates the taking , possession , and transportation of bald eagles , golden eagles , and their `` parts , nests , and eggs '' for `` scientific , educational , and depredation control purposes ; for the religious purposes of American Indian tribes ; and to protect other interests in a particular locality . '' Enrolled members of federally recognized tribes may apply for an eagle permit for use in `` bona fide tribal religious ceremonies . '' The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service issues permits for otherwise prohibited activities under the act . These include permits for taxidermy , falconry , propagation , scientific and educational use , and depredation , an example of the latter being the killing of geese near an airport , where they pose a danger to aircraft . The Act was enacted in an era when many bird species were threatened by the commercial trade in birds and bird feathers . The Act was one of the first federal environmental laws ( the Lacey Act had been enacted in 1900 ) . The Act replaced the earlier Weeks-McLean Act ( 1913 ) . Since 1918 , similar conventions between the United States and four other nations have been made and incorporated into the MBTA : Mexico ( 1936 ) , Japan ( 1972 ) and the Soviet Union ( 1976 , now its successor state Russia ) . Some of the conventions stipulate protections not only for the birds themselves , but also for habitats and environs necessary for the birds ' survival . Constitutionally this law is of interest as it is a use of the federal treaty-making power to override the provisions of state law . The principle that the federal government may do this was upheld in the case Missouri v. Holland .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9b5e527b61b5fa3b9c530d8380e5d2bb", "text": "Vehicle inspection in the United States In the United States , vehicle safety inspection and emissions inspection are governed by each state individually . 17 states have a periodic ( annual or biennial ) safety inspection program , while Maryland and Alabama require a safety inspection on sale or transfer of vehicles which were previously registered in another state . New Jersey discontinued its passenger vehicle safety inspection program on August 1 , 2010 . In 1977 , the federal Clean Air Act was amended by Congress to require states to implement vehicle emissions inspection programs , known as I/M programs ( for Inspection and Maintenance ) , in all major metropolitan areas whose air quality failed to meet certain federal standards . New York 's program started in 1982 , California 's program ( `` Smog Check '' ) started in 1984 , and Illinois ' program started in 1986 . The Clean Air Act of 1990 required some states to enact vehicle emissions inspection programs . State impacted were those in metropolitan areas where air quality did not meet federal standards . Some states , including Kentucky and Minnesota , have discontinued their testing programs in recent years with approval from the federal government .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f10ccc9f476b823565a36a8528fa17d6", "text": "Air pollution sensor Air pollution sensors are devices that detect and monitor the presence of air pollution in the surrounding area . They can be used for both indoor and outdoor environments . These sensors can be built at home , or bought from certain manufactures . Although there are various types of air pollution sensors , and some are specialized in certain aspects , the majority focuses on five components : ozone , particulate matter , carbon monoxide , sulfur dioxide , and nitrous oxide . The sensors were very expensive in the past , but with technological advancements these sensors are becoming more affordable and more widespread throughout the population . These sensors can help serve many purposes and help bring attention to environmental issues beyond the scope of the human eye . The EPA maintains a repository of air quality data through the Air Quality System ( AQS ) , where it stores data from over 10,000 monitors in the United States . While use of these sensors was expensive in the past , the 2010s saw a recent trend towards the development of cheaper portable air-quality sensors that can be worn by individuals to monitor local air quality levels . These sensors , can then , in turn , help measure the spatiotemporal coverage and variety of chemical species , and empower individuals and communities to better understand their exposure environments and risks from air pollution . A research group led by William Griswold at UCSD handed out portable air pollution sensors to 16 commuters , and found `` urban valleys '' where buildings trapped pollution . The group also found that passengers in buses have higher exposures compared to those in automobiles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1f2e9ac8b99ace3011a394bdadd4f47f", "text": "Esri Esri ( -LSB- ˈɛzriː -RSB- , a.k.a. Environmental Systems Research Institute ) is an international supplier of geographic information system ( GIS ) software , web GIS and geodatabase management applications . The company is headquartered in Redlands , California . The company was founded as Environmental Systems Research Institute in 1969 as a land-use consulting firm . Esri products ( particularly ArcGIS Desktop ) have 40.7 % of the global market share . In 2014 , Esri had approximately a 43 percent share of the GIS software market worldwide , more than any other vendor . The company has 10 regional offices in the U.S. and a network of 80 + international distributors , with about a million users in 200 countries . The firm has 3,200 employees in the U.S. , and is still privately held by the founders . In 2006 , revenues were about $ 660 million . In a 2016 Investor 's Business Daily article , Esri 's annual revenues were indicated to be $ 1.1 Billion , from 300,000 customers ( $ 4000/customer/year ) . The company hosts an annual International User 's Conference , which was first held on the Redlands campus in 1981 with 16 attendees . The User 's Conference has been held in San Diego at the San Diego Convention Center since 1997 . An estimated 15,000 users from 131 countries attended in 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3a4b692ed7fde4c8ccaca1791c05bdfe", "text": "Anti-nuclear groups in the United States More than eighty anti-nuclear groups are operating , or have operated , in the United States . These include : Abalone Alliance , Clamshell Alliance , Greenpeace USA , Institute for Energy and Environmental Research , Musicians United for Safe Energy , Nevada Desert Experience , Nuclear Control Institute , Nuclear Information and Resource Service , Public Citizen Energy Program , Shad Alliance , and the Sierra Club . These are direct action , environmental , health , and public interest organizations who oppose nuclear weapons and/or nuclear power . In 1992 , the chairman of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission said that `` his agency had been pushed in the right direction on safety issues because of the pleas and protests of nuclear watchdog groups '' . Some of the most influential groups in the anti-nuclear movement have had members who included Nobel Laureates ( e.g. , Linus Pauling and Hermann Joseph Muller ) . These scientists have belonged primarily to two groups : the Federation of American Scientists , and the Committee for Nuclear Responsibility .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da5bcedc2e82934441d82b356e7945bf", "text": "Oil Pollution Act of 1973 The Oil Pollution Act of 1973 or Oil Pollution Act Amendments of 1973 , 33 U.S.C. Chapter 20 § § 1001-1011 , was a United States federal law which amended the United States Statute . The Act of Congress sustained the United States commitment to control the discharge of fossil fuel pollutants from nautical vessels and to acknowledge the embargo of coastal zones in trans-boundary waters . The H.R. 5451 legislation was passed by the United States 93rd Congressional session and enacted by the 37th President of the United States Richard Nixon on October 4 , 1973 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "742d93a0752b6f6b27b6c012745d2407", "text": "Environment Agency The Environment Agency ( EA ) is a non-departmental public body , established in 1995 and sponsored by the United Kingdom government 's Department for Environment , Food and Rural Affairs ( DEFRA ) , with responsibilities relating to the protection and enhancement of the environment in England ( and until 2013 also Wales ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d1975dd5841b61c3d23e1d733b82b03b", "text": "Red List building materials Red List Building Materials contain chemicals that have been designated as harmful to living creatures , including humans , or the environment . There are many `` Red Lists '' that have been developed specifically for building materials . These lists have primarily been developed by green building rating system developers and architecture firms . They are typically developed from chemical hazard lists published by government agencies , such as the United States Environmental Protection Agency ( U.S. EPA ) , European Union Commission on Environment ( European Commissioner for the Environment ) , and the California Department of Toxic Substances Control .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "400f1cdc831f1e0bdc32888e027d3eed", "text": "List of environmental ministries An environmental ministry is a national or subnational government agency politically responsible for the environment and/or natural resources . Various other names are commonly used to identify such agencies , such as Ministry of the Environment , Department of the Environment , Department for the Environment , Department of Environmental Protection , Department of Natural Resources , and so forth . Such agencies typically address environmental concerns such as the maintenance of environmental quality , nature preserves , the sustained use of natural resources , and prevention of pollution or contamination of the natural environment . Following is a list of environmental ministries by country :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc174226f656f9890593689b2baba775", "text": "Sive, Paget & Riesel Sive , Paget & Riesel ( SPR ) is a law firm located in New York City primarily focusing on land use and environmental law . The firm is among the oldest environmental law firms in the United States , tracing its origins back over fifty years . The firm has been consistently ranked in the top tier of environmental law firms in New York . SPR is the successor firm to Winer , Neuberger and Sive , founded in New York City in 1962 . SPR practices all aspects of environmental law , including litigation and environmental impact review , and represents numerous real-estate developers and municipalities in the New York metropolitan area . SPR counts among its clients the New York State Urban Development Corporation and the Natural Resources Defense Council . SPR founding partner David Sive , who died in March 2014 , was described by the Wall Street Journal as the `` Father of Environmental Law . '' In 1988 , the New York Times called Sive `` a pioneer in litigation to end pollution of New York 's Hudson River '' and `` an elder statesman of environmental law . '' In videotaped comments commemorating the firm 's 50th anniversary , Sive recalled the firm 's involvement in the `` beginning of the modern environmental movement '' and stated that `` we took part in the creation of a new body of law . '' The firm , according to him , was the first `` to bring any action under the Environmental Policy Act , '' in a case involving Hilton Head Island in South Carolina . The firm also `` established ... the first committee on Environmental Law with the New York City Bar Association , which may have been the first in the country . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "df01d58bcfc6e0ad2cff3739a8538353", "text": "Bioenvironmental Engineering Bioenvironmental Engineering comprises four general areas : radiation , industrial hygiene , environmental protection and emergency response . During the 1970s the US Air Force saw a need to implement the measures to protect the health of personnel . It took elements of Military Public Health and spun off a separate arm called Bioenvironmental Engineering . From that point Bioenvironmental Engineering has taken the lead in protecting the health of Air Force workers . The original group of Bioenvironmental Engineers ( BEEs ) came to the Air Force from the U.S. Army in 1947 when the Air Force was formed . They were an outgrowth of the U.S. Army Sanitary Corps . Until 1964 , Air Force BEEs were called Sanitary and Industrial Hygiene Engineers . They were Medical Service Corps ( MSC ) officers until the Biomedical Sciences Corps ( BSC ) was created in 1965 . Between 1960 and 1970 , the BEE field grew from around 100 to 150 . However , beginning in 1970 , with the formation of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration ( OSHA ) , the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ( EPA ) , and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission , the career field experienced an exponential growth in Federal regulations . These laws require BEEs to monitor Air Force operations for their effects on personnel and the environment . Several major catastrophes and other events focused keen Congressional interest on environment , safety and occupational health ( ESOH ) , leading to new , mandatory compliance programs . Love Canal , Bhopal , atmospheric ozone depletion , and other incidents spawned new laws governing the Installation Restoration Program ; Hazard Communication ; community-right-to-know ; Process Safety Management ; and hazardous material inventory , control and reduction . These have continually driven additional , corresponding requirements for BEEs . In the early 1980s , a major shift in functions occurred . The clinical and sanitary aspects of the BEE program , ( communicable disease , sanitary surveys , vector control , and occupational medicine ) were turned over to the newly forming environmental health officers . This enabled the BEE force to concentrate its efforts on the industrial work place and the environment . The importance of ensuring Air Force compliance with ESOH requirements is higher than ever . Public awareness/concern/disclosure , the recognition of risk analysis/communication/management , loss of sovereign immunity of federal agencies , and the personal liability of commanders for environmental infractions are all impacting BEE surveillance programs . Increased environmental pollution prevention and occupational health preventive medicine programs are shifting the emphasis to avoiding problems before they occur . Bioenvironmental Engineering personnel are taught at the United States Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base in Dayton , Ohio . Bioenvironmental Engineering blends engineering and preventive medicine . Their role is to identify and evaluate environments that could harm Air Force members , employees , and families . The data from these evaluations help design measures that prevent illness and injury . Areas of specialty include : Airborne Dusts , Fumes , Mists , Fogs , Vapors , or Gases Biological hazards Biomechanical Stresses Chemical Hazards Chemical protection Clothing , Devices or Equipment Cold Stress Confined space Hazards Drinking Water Employee Exposures Environmental Sampling Environmental Health Repetitive Motion Stresses Ergonomic Stress Hazardous materials Health Hazards Heat Stress Indoor Air Quality Industrial Hygiene Personal Hygiene Ionizing Radiation Laser Safety Lead Hazards Musculoskeletal Disorders Noise Hazards Nuclear Regulatory Commission ( NRC ) Permits Occupational Safety and Health Administration ( OSHA ) Health Standards Radioactive materials Radiofrequency Radiation Emissions Respiratory Protection Program Skin Hazards Thermal Stress Ventilation Requirements for Health Vibration Hazards", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4269cd3599a602225fce0d122fa9a196", "text": "United States Fish and Wildlife Service The United States Fish and Wildlife Service ( USFWS or FWS ) is an agency of the federal government within the U.S. Department of the Interior dedicated to the management of fish , wildlife , and natural habitats . The mission of the agency is `` working with others to conserve , protect , and enhance fish , wildlife , plants and their habitats for the continuing benefit of the American people . '' The leader of the FWS is the director of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Daniel M. Ashe , of Maryland , who was confirmed on June 30 , 2011 , succeeding Sam Hamilton . Among the responsibilities of the FWS are enforcing federal wildlife laws , protecting endangered species , managing migratory birds , restoring nationally significant fisheries , conserving and restoring wildlife habitat , such as wetlands , helping foreign governments with their international conservation efforts , and distributing money to states ' fish and wildlife agencies through the Wildlife Sport Fish and Restoration program . Units within the FWS include : National Wildlife Refuge System ( over 560 National Wildlife Refuges and thousands of small wetlands and other special management areas covering over 150 million acres ( 607,000 km ² ) ) Division of Migratory Bird Management Federal Duck Stamp National Fish Hatchery System ( 70 National Fish Hatcheries and 65 Fishery Resource Offices ) Endangered Species program ( 86 Ecological Services Field Stations ) United States Fish and Wildlife Service Office of Law Enforcement Clark R. Bavin National Fish and Wildlife Forensic Laboratory Landscape Conservation Cooperatives The vast majority of fish and wildlife habitat is on non-federal lands . Therefore , the FWS works closely with private groups , such as The Partners for Fish and Wildlife , Partners in Flight , Sport Fishing and The Boating Partnership Council , to assist voluntary habitat conservation and restoration . The FWS employs approximately 9,000 people and is organized into a central administrative office ( in Arlington , VA ) , eight regional offices , and nearly 700 field offices distributed throughout the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "df435eec3fc4e28f9c40cc938866f5e2", "text": "Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection The Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection ( DEP ) is the agency in Pennsylvania responsible for protecting and preserving the land , air , water , and public health through enforcement of the state 's environmental laws . It was created by Act 18 of 1995 , which split the Department of Environmental Resources into the Department of Environmental Protection and the Department of Conservation and Natural Resources . Its current secretary is John Quigley . The Department of Environmental Resources was created by Act 275 of 1970 , which abolished the Department of Forest and Waters . The Department of Forest and Waters was created by the General Assembly in 1901 . The Department of Environmental Protection is charged with the responsibility for development of a balanced ecological system incorporating social , cultural , and economic needs of the commonwealth through development and protection . The department is responsible for the state 's land , air , and water management programs , all aspects of environmental protection , and the regulation of mining operations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c8fa7adb19841777f01ab2152169521", "text": "Consumer Product Safety Act The Consumer Product Safety Act ( CPSA ) was enacted on October 27th , 1972 by the United States Congress . The act should not be confused with an earlier Senate Joint Resolution 33 of November 20 , 1967 , which merely established a temporary National Commission on Product Safety ( NCPS ) , and for only 90-days ( at a pittance of $ 100 per day ) . Section 4 of the 1972 act established the United States Consumer Product Safety Commission ( CPSC ) as a permanent ( non-temporary ) independent agency of the United States federal government and defined its basic authority . The act gives CPSC the power to develop safety standards and pursue recalls for products that present unreasonable or substantial risks of injury or death to consumers . It also allows CPSC to ban a product if there is no feasible alternative to an outright ban . CPSC has jurisdiction over more than 15,000 different consumer products . The CPSA excludes from jurisdiction those products that expressly lie in another federal agency 's jurisdiction , for example food , drugs , cosmetics , medical devices , tobacco products , firearms and ammunition , motor vehicles , pesticides , aircraft , and boats . These products may fall under the purview of agencies such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration , the U.S. Bureau of Alcohol , Tobacco , Firearms and Explosives , the U.S. Department of Agriculture , the U.S. Department of Transportation , the U.S. Environment Protection Agency , and the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration . The CPSA is codified at . Federal regulations associated with the act are at Title 16 CFR parts 1101 through 1406 . These regulations are numerous and include such laws as the Poison Prevention Packaging Act ( PPPA ) , safety standards for such products as bicycle helmets and cigarette lighters , a ban on lead in paint , and a rule concerning size requirements for toys that could be choking hazards for young children .", "title": "" } ]
fever
e9dd52fb3e10995004e5e788a1c69cba
Anna Paquin lived where she was born for her entire life.
[ { "docid": "80277c154224732c9e2838513adbf508", "text": "Anna Paquin Anna Helene Paquin ( -LSB- ˈpækwɪn -RSB- born 24 July 1982 ) is a Canadian-born New Zealand actress . Born in Manitoba and brought up in Wellington , New Zealand , Paquin studied at Hutt Intermediate School and the Wellington Girls ' College in New Zealand before moving to Los Angeles during her youth where she studied at Windward School and went on to complete a year at Columbia University before leaving post-secondary to focus on her acting career . As a child , she beat 5000 candidates for the role of Flora McGrath in Jane Campion 's romantic drama film The Piano ( 1993 ) , despite having had little to no acting experience prior to getting the role . For her performance , she received the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress at the age of 11 , making her the second-youngest Academy Award winner in Oscar history . Paquin went on to become a successful child actress , receiving multiple Young Artist Award nominations for her roles in Fly Away Home ( 1996 ) , The Member of the Wedding ( 1997 ) , and A Walk on the Moon ( 1999 ) , and was nominated for a Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture for appearing in Cameron Crowe 's comedy-drama film Almost Famous ( 2000 ) . She played mutant superheroine Rogue in multiple films of the X-Men franchise and was nominated for a Saturn Award and a Screen Actors Guild Award for her performance in the first instalment . Paquin is also known for playing the lead role of Sookie Stackhouse in the HBO vampire drama television series True Blood ( 2008 -- 2014 ) . For her performance in the series , Paquin won the Golden Globe Award for Best Performance by an Actress in a Television Series -- Drama in 2009 and was nominated for an additional Golden Globe Award in 2010 , as well as three Saturn Awards and a Screen Actors Guild Award in 2010 . Among other accolades , Paquin has been nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award , a Golden Globe Award , and a Screen Actors Guild Award for her work on the 2007 television film Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee and a Golden Globe Award for her work on the 2009 television film The Courageous Heart of Irena Sendler . Paquin has been married since 2010 to actor Stephen Moyer , with whom she has two children .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "6c8a46f87709d177de030562b604101c", "text": "Cité des Fleurs The Cité des Fleurs is a pedestrian street in the épinettes district in the 17th arrondissement of Paris . This small village in the city remained very picturesque with small size buildings and gardens , with each building and plot following strict building guidelines . The site was created in 1847 by two landowners and is organized around a 320 meters long pedestrian way . Small houses and hôtels particuliers are built on each side of the way . It was strongly influenced by the industrial neighbourhood : the Goüin family which owned a big industrial company owned a house for its employees . There were also some small factories : Caramels Valentin-Picards or Poupées Gerb 's . During World War II , the house at number 25 hosted a Resistance network . The Gestapo discovered it and most members died , shot in Paris or in camps . The famous French actresses Catherine Deneuve and Françoise Dorléac were born there in 1943 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b06e2ab2c18df60c8d5fdc3d1fce51d8", "text": "Elizabeth Borton de Treviño Mary Elizabeth Victoria Borton de Treviño ( September 2 , 1904 -- December 2 , 2001 ) was an American author . Elizabeth was born in Bakersfield , California , to Carrie Louise Christensen and attorney Fred Ellsworth Borton . Her family were all enthusiastic readers ; Fred had published short stories and poems before becoming a lawyer . Elizabeth always wanted to become an author . She began writing poetry at age 6 , and had her first poem published at 8 . Her parents strongly encouraged her ambitions . She attended Stanford University , graduating Phi Beta Kappa in 1925 with a bachelor 's degree in Latin American History . After finishing college , she moved to Massachusetts to study violin at the Boston Conservatory , then worked as a reporter . On August 10 , 1935 she married Luis Treviño Arreola y Gómez Sánchez de la Barquera ( b. August 5 , 1902 ) and moved to his hometown of Monterrey , Mexico . After their two sons , Luis Federico and Enrique Ricardo Treviño-Borton , were born , they lived in Monterrey for a time , then moved to Mexico City in 1941 . Their final move was to Cuernavaca , Morelos , known popularly as the `` City of Eternal Spring '' . Her book I , Juan de Pareja ( 1965 ) won the Newbery Medal in 1966 . It was inspired by her elder son Luis ' interest in art , particularly painting . Luis told her the story of the artist Diego Velázquez and his slave Juan de Pareja , model for one of Velázquez ' most famous paintings , whom Velázquez instructed in painting and later freed . After seeing the original of Velázquez ' painting of Juan , she was inspired to write about their relationship . Her younger son Enrique was the translator of the Spanish edition of the novel . Among her other novels are Nacar the White Deer , The Greek of Toledo , Casilda of the Rising Moon , El Güero : A True Adventure Story , Beyond the Gates of Hercules , and The Fourth Gift . She also wrote five of the `` Pollyanna '' books : Pollyanna in Hollywood , Pollyanna 's Castle in Mexico , Pollyanna 's Door To Happiness , Pollyanna 's Golden Horseshoe , and Pollyanna and the Secret Mission . Borton later wrote several memoirs of her life as an American who had married into a traditional Mexican family : the best-seller My Heart Lies South and its sequels , Where the Heart Is and The Hearthstone of My Heart . Her last book , Leona : A Love Story , was published in 1994 , when she was 90 . She died at 97 on December 2 , 2001 in Cuernavaca , Mexico . Her elder son Luis , an artist , never married . His brother Enrique , an attorney who lived in London for many years , married Sonia Rodríquez Vargas and had three children , Daniel Enrique , Elizabeth Victoria , and León Ricardo . Treviño 's novel The Music Within inspired American novelist Ray Downs ( Wind Across The Amazon ; One More Mission ) to become a writer . He was an English teacher at the Colegio Americano de Cuernavaca and visited Treviño often . Two of his students were Daniel Enrique and Elizabeth Victoria Treviño - Borton .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "018030b5cdc597a90366452b05fa9ca3", "text": "Geert R. A. Kliphuis Geert Richt Alexander Kliphuis is an author , songwriter and guitarist , born in the Netherlands in 1955 , and currently living in Brussels , Belgium . His father was the art therapist Maks Kliphuis ( 1923-2015 ) , as a teacher one of the driving forces behind Middeloo , the social-pedagogic training centre for therapists in Amersfoort , the Netherlands , and later head of the department of creative process therapy -LSB- 1 -RSB- at the Jelgersma Kliniek of Leiden University . Kliphuis 's mother , who died in 1964 , was Nel van der Velde , a drama teacher , radio presenter and author of children 's books , and poetry and fiction for adults . ( Het Kleinere Werk and Het Grotere Werk were published posthumously in 2008/2009 by the Erven Nel Kliphuis-Van der Velde . ) Working as a street-musician in Brussels , the former West-Berlin , Barcelona , Hamburg , London and Paris during the 1970s and 1980s , Kliphuis wrote an extensive series of short travel stories for NRC Handelsblad , the national newspaper published in Rotterdam . He applied the same format for his songs : concise observations with a tragicomical undercurrent . The Belgian band Vaya Con Dios recorded his At the Parallel -LSB- 2 -RSB- , to great critical acclaim , and On A Hot August Night -LSB- 3 -RSB- . Using the pseudonym Jay Conrad , Kliphuis recorded a twenty-odd songs on two albums , A Penniless Gentleman ( 1994 , BMG ) and Steeltown Girls ( 1997 , Arcade ) . In all , Kliphuis has written close to 70 songs , all registered at SABAM . These days he writes novels , such as The Mirror City -LSB- 4 -RSB- , and publishes Zeitgeist Letters -LSB- 5 -RSB- , a non-profit online magazine about medieval Arabic science and philosophy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "94cd55cc7b5f1b527e4265bcd6a61b6a", "text": "Alexandra Pregel Alexandra Pregel ( née Avksentiev ; Александра Николаевна Прегель , Aleksandra Nikolayevna Pregel ) ( 15 December 1907 -- 28 May 1984 , New York City ) was a Russian artist . She was born in Helsinki , Finland , where her parents lived in political exile from the Czarist régime . Her father was Socialist poltitical figure Nikolai Avksentiev Her father became Minister of the Interior in the Kerensky government . After the October Revolution Pregel left Russia for Paris with her mother Maria and her stepfather , the Russian writer and editor Mikhail Zetlin . In 1921 , Alexandra was accepted into the studio of the Russian neo-classic artists Vasil Shukhaev and Aleksandr Yakovlev in Montparnasse . In 1928 , Alexandra graduated from the Ecole Nationale Superieure des Arts Decoratifs and continued her studies with Natalia Goncharova . In 1937 she married Boris Pregel , a Ukrainian dealer in uranium and radium . The couple fled to New York City in 1940 , after the Nazi invasion of France leaving behind 300 works . They moved into a Manhattan apartment overlooking Central Park , which also become Alexandra 's studio . She had her first exhibition in the United States in 1943 showing 36 paintings and in 1944 Alexandra Pregel was accepted as a member of the National Association of Women Artists . In later years she exhibited regularly , including in Paris in 1947 . She also illustrated Russian literary works , the Jewish Bible and the Haggadah ( Jewish Passover service ) . She stopped painting after the death of her husband in 1976 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "00316a185a7d13746744c68c6c169820", "text": "27 rue de Fleurus 27 rue de Fleurus is the location of the former home of Gertrude Stein and Alice B. Toklas in the 6th arrondissement of Paris on the Left Bank of Paris . It was also the home of Leo Stein for a time in the early nineteen-hundreds . It was a renowned Saturday evening gathering place for both expatriate American artists and writers and others noteworthy in the world of vanguard arts and letters , most notably Pablo Picasso . In the early decades of the century , hundreds of visitors flocked to the display of vanguard modern art , many came to scoff , but several went away converted . Entrée into the Stein salon was a sought-after validation , and Stein became combination mentor , critic , and guru to those who gathered around her , including Ernest Hemingway , who described the salon in A Moveable Feast . The principal attraction was the collection of Paul Cézanne oils and watercolors and the early pictures by Henri Matisse and Pablo Picasso which Gertrude and Leo had had the funds and the foresight to buy . The walls of their atelier at 27 were hung to the ceiling with now-famous paintings , the double doors of the dining room were lined with Picasso sketches . On a typical Saturday evening one would have found Gertrude Stein at her post in the atelier , garbed in brown corduroy , sitting in a high-backed Renaissance chair , her legs dangling , next to the big cast-iron stove that heated the chilly room . A few feet away , Leo Stein would expound to a group of visitors his views on modern art . In 1933 , Stein published a kind of memoir of her Paris years , The Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas , written in the voice of Toklas , her life partner . The book became a literary bestseller and vaulted Stein from the relative obscurity of cult literary figure into the light of mainstream attention . The gatherings in the Stein home `` brought together confluences of talent and thinking that would help define modernism in literature and art . '' Dedicated attendees included Pablo Picasso , Ernest Hemingway , F. Scott Fitzgerald , Guillaume Apollinaire , Sinclair Lewis , James Joyce , Ezra Pound , Thornton Wilder , Juan Gris , Sherwood Anderson , Francis Cyril Rose , René Crevel , Élisabeth de Gramont , Francis Picabia , Claribel Cone , Mildred Aldrich , Carl Van Vechten and Henri Matisse . Saturday evenings had been set as the jour fixe for formal congregation so Stein could work at her writing uninterrupted by impromptu visitors . It was Stein 's partner Toklas who became the de facto hostess for the wives and girlfriends of the artists in attendance , who met in a separate room . Stein herself attributed the beginnings of the Saturday evening salons to Matisse , as Among Picasso 's acquaintances who frequented the Saturday evenings were : Fernande Olivier ( Picasso 's mistress ) , Georges Braque ( artist ) , André Derain ( artist ) , Max Jacob ( poet ) , Guillaume Apollinaire ( poet ) , Marie Laurencin ( artist , and Apollinaire 's mistress ) , Henri Rousseau ( painter ) , and Joseph Stella . The 2014 opera 27 by Ricky Ian Gordon and Royce Vavrek is inspired by events at 27 rue de Fleurus .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9b00815a22cbc6e4bd4950a28a250ffe", "text": "Aquinas High School (New York) Aquinas High School is an all-girls , private , Roman Catholic high school in The Bronx , New York . It is located within the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fcdff987bcf0f12a891bc2bead2b7d11", "text": "Always (brand) Always is a brand of feminine hygiene products , including maxi pads , ultra thin pads , pantiliners , and feminine wipes , produced by Procter & Gamble . It was first introduced in the United States in test markets in the spring of 1983 , then nationally in May of 1984 . By the end of 1984 , Always had also been introduced internationally in United Kingdom , Canada , France , Germany , and Africa . According to Rising Tide : Lessons from 165 Years of Brand Building at Procter & Gamble , Always was Procter & Gamble 's `` first truly global brand . '' Always is sold under the name Whisper in Japan , Singapore , India , China , South Korea , Philippines , Thailand , Hong Kong , Taiwan , Vietnam , Malaysia , Australia , Cambodia , Mongolia , and Indonesia , under the name Lines in Italy , under the name Orkid in Turkey , and under the names Evax and Ausonia in Spain and Portugal . Marketing for the product includes the company 's BeingGirl website .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b7375c929ba8e13e3fd6b931caf233ef", "text": "Anna Palk Anna Palk ( 23 October 1941 -- 1 July 1990 ) was an English actress . Palk was born in Looe , Cornwall , England and educated at Rise Hall Convent in the East Riding of Yorkshire , and trained as an actress at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Arts in London . She followed this with rep at Bristol , Leatherhead , Derby , Newcastle upon Tyne and Leeds before embarking on a successful film and television career . Her stage appearances included productions of ` Smith By Any Other Name ' , ` School for Scandal ' , ` Present Laughter ' , ` Butley ' ( in Vienna ) , ` Sexual Perversions ' ( in Chicago ) and a number of national tours . She was married to stockbroker Derek Brierley with whom she had a son , Jonathan . Her film appearances included Play It Cool ( 1962 ) , The Earth Dies Screaming ( 1964 ) , The Skull ( 1965 ) , Fahrenheit 451 ( 1966 ) , The Frozen Dead ( 1966 ) , The Nightcomers ( 1971 ) and Tower of Evil ( 1972 ) . She also appeared on TV in Witch Hunt ( 1967 ) , The Persuaders ! ( episode `` The Time and the Place '' , 1970 ) , Jason King ( 1971 ) , The Protectors ( 1972-1974 ) and as Lady Sarah in The Main Chance ( 1969 -- 72 ) . She died in 1990 in London , England , of cancer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "66dfce36eec0c0c80e858c0562a5e406", "text": "Anna Pump Anna Pump ( April 11 , 1934 -- October 5 , 2015 ) was a German-born American chef , cookbook author , baker , and innkeeper best known for her bakery and gourmet takeout shop in The Hamptons , Loaves & Fishes . She was the author of four cookbooks and the owner of the Bridgehampton Inn . Pump was a mentor to Ina Garten , of Food Network , who wrote the forward to Pump 's final cookbook Summer on a Plate . She was sometimes a guest on Garten 's Barefoot Contessa . She moved to the US with her husband in 1960 , where they lived in Frenchtown , New Jersey , before moving to the Hamptons more than a decade later . A resident of Sag Harbor , New York , Pump was killed while crossing to the north side of Montauk Highway in Bridgehampton , near the post office , when she was struck by a pickup truck heading west on the evening of October 5 , 2015 . She was taken to Southampton Hospital by ambulance , where she succumbed to her injuries . She was 81 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "260d43798699b5f1a75b226f46a5ca88", "text": "Susanna Sonnenberg Susanna Sonnenberg is the author of the best-selling memoirs , Her Last Death and She Matters . Her Last Death reached # 11 and She Matters reached # 32 on The New York Times Best Seller list . Both memoirs received wide critical praise . Michiko Kakutani of The New York Times described Last Death as a `` fiercely observed , fluently written book that captures the chaos and confusions of -LSB- Sonnenberg 's -RSB- youth '' in `` sharp , crystalline prose . '' The New York Times review of She Matters said that Sonnenberg `` demonstrates a self-awareness that is clearly hard-earned '' and that the `` determination to learn from the women who are close to her , to investigate where she failed and where they did , is what gives the book such resonance . '' Her essays have also been widely published in magazines such as Elle , O , The Oprah Magazine , and Parenting . She is the daughter of Ben Sonnenberg , the American publisher and founder of the literary magazine Grand Street . Born in London and raised in New York , she now lives in Montana with her family . Reviews of Her Last Death New York Times Oprah Magazine Entertainment Weekly New York Observer San Francisco Chronicle Publisher 's Weekly The Book Lady 's Blog Reviews of She Matters New York Times Boston Globe Dallas News San Francisco Chronicle NPR Harpers Bazaar Book Passage Publisher 's Weekly Women 's Voices for Change", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b51e36a0b7ab18c188e2c8a86003b93e", "text": "Patricia Paay Patricia Anglaia Margareth Paaij ( born 7 April 1949 ) , best known as Patricia Paay , is a Dutch singer , radio host , glamour model and television personality . In the Netherlands , she is well known for her musical career , which spans over four decades . She is also regularly featured on Dutch television and in Dutch tabloid media . Singer Yvonne Keeley is her sister . In 1984 , Paay was the first glamour model in the Dutch edition of Playboy . In 2009 , Paay posed for the December issue of the Dutch version of the magazine at age 60 , making it the third time she had posed for Playboy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "49246360f21bf940825b34c20ecc7c09", "text": "Anna Balmer Myers Anna Balmer Myers was an American author of romantic novels featuring the local color of Lancaster County , Pennsylvania . She was born in Lancaster County in Manheim , Pennsylvania and attended school there . She later attended Drexel University and lived and worked as a schoolteacher in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania . Her most well known work is Amanda : A Daughter of the Mennonites ( 1921 ) ; other works include Patchwork ; a Story of `` the Plain People '' ( 1920 ) , The Madonna of the Curb ( 1922 ) , I Lift My Lamp , and a collection of poetry entitled Rain on the Roof ( 1931 ) . Amanda , about a young Mennonite girl who seeks an education , is hired as a teacher in a local one-room schoolhouse , and eventually marries a childhood friend , contains many delightful appreciations of life along with early 20th century reminiscences , as indicated by such chapters as : `` The Snitzing Party '' , `` Boiling Apple Butter '' , `` The Spelling Bee '' , and `` One Heart Made o ' Two '' . Patchwork , the story of a young girl growing up within a community of `` plain people '' , some of the story in the format of a diary , includes the girl 's first romance . Myers ' work is frequently viewed as a gentle corrective to the harsh misrepresentations of another novelist , Helen Reimensnyder Martin , also from Lancaster County , whose stories about the Pennsylvania Dutch of Lancaster County , particularly her Tillie : a Mennonite Maid , provoked cries of misrepresentation from those who resented her depictions . Myers also authored another work , quite different from her other fiction , I Lift My Lamp , a historical novel about the early settlement of Lancaster County , Henry William Stiegel and his glassworks in Manheim , a Mennonite Eby family , and the Ephrata Cloister .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1ddfe23ef8718dede1600f891bbb8d8f", "text": "Maurice Paquin Maurice Paquin , ( born in June 1947 in Dauphin , Manitoba , Canada ) , is a Franco-Manitoban comedian and singer . In 1959 Paquin completed Provencher Elementary School in St. Boniface , Manitoba and High School in 1963 at West Hill Collegiate High School in Toronto , Ontario . In 1967 he earned a Baccalaureat en Arts at Université de Montréal followed by a Bachelor of Science degree at McGill University in 1970 . The following three years were spent in San Gerardo de Dota , Costa Rica , where his first daughter Ligia Rosairis was born in 1972 . Marisol Denieve , his second daughter , was born in Montreal in 1974 ; Maurice worked as Marketing Analyst for Miracle Mart ( 1975 ) and Val Royal LaSalle Building Materials ( 1976 ) . In 1983 he wrote , composed and recorded the musical album La Garantie , with hits such as `` Ya Rien Là '' , `` Motel Henry '' , and `` Maman , Maman '' . Over the next fifteen years , Paquin performed thousands of shows throughout Quebec , Canada and the United States ; appeared in hundreds of television variety shows and commercials , and starred in the CBC short film `` Buried Treasure '' . In 2000 , he obtained an International Concierge Diploma at the ICI Institute in Montreal , Quebec , which led him to work as Chief Concierge in South Florida hotels such as the Ritz Carlton Coconut Grove , the Bentley Beach , Le Meridien , the Mutiny , Quantum on the Bay and 500 Brickell West in Miami , Florida . He is now Housekeeping Supervisor at Mont Tremblant Ski Resort in Quebec .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d5fb0ed1b8129ac130971b32f0cbcf09", "text": "Gardens of the World with Audrey Hepburn Gardens of the World with Audrey Hepburn is a 1990s documentary television series filmed on location in some of the world 's most beautiful , noteworthy gardens , hosted by Audrey Hepburn , who also co-narrates the series with Michael York . Her Emmy for Outstanding Individual Achievement − Informational Programming was awarded posthumously . A one-hour introductory special premiered on PBS in March , 1991 ; the premiere of six half-hour episodes began on January 24 , 1993 . Two further episodes along with a re-release of the six-part series by Home & Garden Television premiered in January , 1996 . The series was shown internationally in more than 30 countries . A DVD of all 8 programs was released in 1999 ; in September 2006 , an extended DVD edition was released . Audrey Hepburn 's principal photography was filmed in the spring and summer of 1990 in exemplary public and private gardens in England , France , Italy , Japan , Netherlands , Dominican Republic & U.S.A. From her home in Tolochenaz , Switzerland that summer Hepburn wrote her foreword to the companion book for the series . She loved nature and gardens and saw a rare opportunity to bring forth their beauty in a poetic , meaningful way . Her life partner Robert Wolders was with Hepburn throughout the production : `` It became an intensely personal and creative process for her . She immersed herself in not only the beauty of the gardens , but also in their origins and evolution . '' In January 1991 , Hepburn recorded her voice over narration in Los Angeles and graced the cover of House & Garden magazine , U.S. edition . In New York on March 6 , 1991 , Cartier honored Audrey Hepburn and Gardens of the World with a High Tea reception at their Fifth Avenue Mansion ; the following day , Ralph Lauren at 72nd Street hosted the occasion of her book signing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fe0ca5804f324e01ebd865d46092b39e", "text": "Anna Nicole Smith Vickie Lynn Hogan professionally known as Anna Nicole Smith ( born November 28 , 1967 -- February 8 , 2007 ) was an American model , actress and television personality . Smith first gained popularity in Playboy , winning the title of 1993 Playmate of the Year . She modeled for fashion companies including Guess , H&M , Heatherette , and Lane Bryant . Smith dropped out of high school and was married three years later in 1985 . Her highly publicized second marriage to J. Howard Marshall resulted in speculation that she married the octogenarian mainly for his money , which she denied . Following Marshall 's death , Smith began a lengthy legal battle over a share of his estate . Her case , Marshall v. Marshall , reached the U.S. Supreme Court on a question of federal jurisdiction , and again on a question of bankruptcy court authority ( now called Stern v. Marshall ) . Smith died on February 8 , 2007 , in a Hollywood , Florida , hotel room as a result of an overdose of prescription drugs . During the final six months of her life , Smith was the focus of renewed press coverage surrounding the death of her son , Daniel , and the paternity and custody battle over her newborn daughter , Dannielynn .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "088cb32deadfe1f8dc6f2a86e30d9a2a", "text": "Payne Whitney Psychiatric Clinic At his death in 1927 , Payne Whitney bestowed the funds to build and endow the Payne Whitney Psychiatric Clinic ( PWC ) on the Upper East Side of Manhattan . An eight story free-standing hospital , it was immediately affiliated with Cornell University 's medical school ( now Weill Cornell Medical College or Weill Cornell Medicine ) and with the New York Hospital ( now New York -- Presbyterian Hospital ) , both of which are adjacent to PWC . Payne Whitney was a large donor to the Hospital and Medical College , and it has been an issue of long speculation why he chose a psychiatric building to be his primary naming opportunity at New York-Cornell . The poet Robert Lowell wrote of his hospitalization at Payne Whitney , Marilyn Monroe was hospitalized there in early 1961 , and Mary McCarthy based her book , The Group , on her inpatient experience . The poet James Schuyler wrote about his experiences there in the eleven-poem series `` The Payne Whitney Poems '' which appeared in the New York Review of Books , August 17 , 1978 issue . In Woody Allen 's 1979 film , Manhattan , a character named Caroline Payne Whitney Smith is featured in a comedy sketch , where she and her husband are considered `` normal folks , '' except for the fact that she is a catatonic . The Payne Whitney building itself was torn down in the early 1990s to make way for an expansion of the New York-Presbyterian Hospital over the FDR Drive . Since that time , all clinical and research services at the two primary Cornell psychiatric campuses -- in Manhattan and in White Plains , New York -- have been named after Payne Whitney . The clinic also has an outpatient and Continuing Day Treatment Program in an off-campus building at East 61st Street and York Avenue on the Upper East Side of Manhattan . Payne Whitney Clinic and Weill Cornell Medical College have been home to some of the most notable psychiatrists in the country . Currently-affiliated psychiatrists and psychologists include Jack Barchas , Robert Michels , Otto F. Kernberg , James Kocsis , George Makari , Michael Posner , William Breitbart , and Theodore Shapiro . Previously-affiliated psychiatrists include Arnold Cooper , Frederic Flach , Benjamin Spock , Gerald Klerman , Robert Millman , Louis Jolyon West , David Silbersweig , Harry Tiebout , Mary Jane Sherfey , Helen Singer Kaplan , Allen Frances , and Paul McHugh . Payne Whitney has also been the `` voluntary faculty '' home to Roy Schafer , Richard Isay , Gail Saltz , and Daniel Stern , and the recent home of such senior scholars as David A. Hamburg and Beatrix Hamburg .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "86a545c34f705976de20beb554dd51f6", "text": "Karen Irving Karen Irving is a Canadian writer . Irving is the author of the Katy Klein mystery novel series . Born in Victoria , British Columbia , Irving was educated at Dalhousie University , the University of Ottawa and Carleton University , where she received her master 's degree in Social Work in 1988 . Irving is known for her Katy Klein series of mystery novels . Set in Ottawa , Ontario , it revolves around the central themes of Jewish culture and astrology . The series follows the adventures of Katy Klein , former staff psychologist turned astrologer , Jewish single mother of a militant teen vegetarian , and reluctant amateur detective . Pluto Rising ( 1999 ) , the first in the series , was nominated for the Arthur Ellis Award for Best First Novel by the Crime Writers of Canada . The film rights to the series have been optioned by a Canadian production company , and the books have been translated into Italian and Chinese . Following Raincoast Books ' 2005 decision , the Katy Klein series has been put on hold indefinitely . Irving currently resides in Ottawa .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9737dc7e007eb809693767b20b63fbd8", "text": "Joe's Pub Joe 's Pub , one of the six performance spaces within The Public Theater , is a music venue and restaurant that hosts live performances across genres and arts , ranging from cabaret to modern dance to world music . Joe 's Pub is located at 425 Lafayette Street near Astor Place in Manhattan , New York City . It is named after Joseph Papp , the theatrical producer who established the New York Shakespeare Festival , The Public Theater and the free Shakespeare in the Park program in Central Park . The venue is notable for being where Amy Winehouse and Adele made their U.S. headlining concert debuts . In 2013 , in its 15th anniversary year , the Pub was declared one of Rolling Stone Magazine 's 10 Best Clubs in America .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6c98ce3b7bd71c5e0ef07c59cbb91d10", "text": "Anelia Pavlova Anelia Pavlova , also known as Annael , is a Bulgarian-born Australian artist . She was born in Sofia , Bulgaria in 1956 , and in 1993 moved to Adelaide , South Australia . Her best known image is the Semillon label for the Semillon wine in the Peter Lehmann Wines `` Art Series '' range . Her works are permanently present in well-known public and private collections such as the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts in Moscow , Russia , the National Art Gallery in Sofia , Bulgaria , University of Adelaide Art Collection in South Australia , Sony Corporation USA and others . She is also the recipient of a number of prestigious awards for her labels and illustrations , such as the Grand Finalist Award for illustration ( Wine packaging ) in the 25th Adelaide Art Directors Club Award and the 1998 Australian Graphic Design Association ( AGDA ) Award for corporate illustration . In the past Pavlova has worked in various artistic mediums and forms of expression such as printmaking , illustration , ceramics , icons and oil painting . Her main medium is oil painting . `` Beauty and wonder are an integral part of her art , not so much in its fantastical aspect , more so in its ... unique viewpoint , -LSB- in its -RSB- perspective of life '' . In 2007 the artist was interviewed in a dedicated segment on the Bulgarian bTV program `` The Other Bulgaria '' . From 2010 the artist has begun using the pseudonym `` Annael '' ( derived from `` Anael '' , the name of an Angel in Christian and Judaic traditions ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3b88cd5e81c756601c61d1bd406ebf52", "text": "Anna Fantastic Anna Garcia , whose legal name is Anna Florence and is professionally known as Anna Fantastic ( a name given to her by Prince ) , is an English actress , singer and model .", "title": "" } ]
fever
1335c047c0939af1692fd3c405b2fc2c
Kong: Skull Island stars Tom Hiddleston.
[ { "docid": "0bd77e6c30955f9fefa87a7024dd4d5c", "text": "Kong: Skull Island Kong : Skull Island is a 2017 American action-adventure monster film directed by Jordan Vogt-Roberts and written by Dan Gilroy , Max Borenstein and Derek Connolly , from a story by John Gatins . The film is a reboot of the King Kong franchise and serves as the second film in Legendary 's MonsterVerse . It stars an ensemble cast consisting of Tom Hiddleston , Samuel L. Jackson , John Goodman , Brie Larson , Jing Tian , Toby Kebbell , John Ortiz , Corey Hawkins , Jason Mitchell , Shea Whigham , Thomas Mann , Terry Notary and John C. Reilly . The film follows a team of scientists and Vietnam War soldiers who travel to an uncharted island in the Pacific and encounter terrifying creatures and the mighty Kong . Principal photography took place from October 2015 to March 2016 in Hawaii and various locations around Vietnam . Kong : Skull Island premiered on February 28 , 2017 , in London and was released in the United States on March 10 , 2017 , in 2D , 3D , IMAX 3D and in Dolby Cinemas . The film was a critical and commercial success , grossing $ 565 million worldwide against its $ 185 million budget and making it the fifth highest-grossing film of 2017 .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "7998c5a720f81e7208f8b0411d11ed31", "text": "The Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner (film) The Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner is a 1962 film based on the short story of the same name . The screenplay , like the story , was written by Alan Sillitoe . The film was directed by Tony Richardson , one of the new young directors emerging from documentary films , a series of 1950s filmmakers known as the Free Cinema movement . It tells the story of a rebellious youth ( played by Tom Courtenay ) , sentenced to a borstal ( ` Approved School ' ) for burgling a bakery , who gains privileges in the institution through his prowess as a long-distance runner . During his solitary runs reveries of important events before his incarceration lead him to re-evaluate his status as the Governor 's ( played by Michael Redgrave ) prize athlete , eventually prizing a rebellious act of personal autonomy notwithstanding an immediate loss in privileges . The film poster 's byline is `` you can play by the rules ... or you can play it by ear - WHAT COUNTS is you play it right by YOU ... '' . . The notion is echoed by other contemporary films such as a rapid series of three contemporary Lone Ranger films . Depicting a bleak , elitist Britain in the late 1950s to early 1960s for the working to middle class , the writer was one of the angry young men producing media vaunting or depicting the plight of rebellious youths . The film has characters entrenched in their social context . Class consciousness abounds throughout : the `` them '' and `` us '' notions which Richardson stresses reflect the very basis of British society at the time , so that Redgrave 's `` proper gentleman '' of a Governor is in contrast to many of the young working class inmates . Much of the screenplay takes place in and around Ruxley Towers , Claygate , Surrey -- a Victorian mock castle built by Lord Foley ( ` Ruxton Towers ' ) . The building had been used as a NAAFI base in the war , giving it a military atmosphere . The original trumpet theme to the film was performed by Fred Muscroft ( the Scots Guards Principal Cornet at the time ) . The film 's words were heavily sampled in the 1980s Chumbawamba track `` Alright Now '' and text monologues from the book upon which the film is based was printed on the record/cassette covers of their single `` Just Look at Me Now '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "df298a2b2bde75ac8dc23ee41fd01354", "text": "Tom Quinn (Spooks) Tom Quinn is a fictional character in the BBC espionage television series Spooks ( called MI-5 in the United States ) , which follows the exploits of Section D , a counter-terrorism division of MI5 . He is portrayed by British actor Matthew Macfadyen . In the first two series , Tom is the chief of Section D . The character was in the first and second episode of the third series but was decommissioned as a result of sabotaging an operation . Series creator David Wolstencroft believed that writing Tom was the most fun , yet hardest to work on . During the second series , the producers were unsure whether Macfadyen would return for the third ; because of this , Tom was originally killed in the second series finale . However , when Macfadyen decided to appear in the first two episodes of the third series , series writer Howard Brenton had to `` unkill him . '' Reaction towards the character by fans were positive , though critics were mixed about Macfadyen 's portrayal . Tom Quinn would later appear again as a cameo on the final episode of Spooks ; his brief return was met with generally positive reactions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8a0d884640b611e0a62c4efd88fdfec5", "text": "The Boat That Rocked The Boat That Rocked ( retitled Pirate Radio in North America , Good Morning England in France , Radio Rock Revolution in Germany , Рок-волна ( The Rock Wave ) in Russia , and I Love Radio Rock in Italy ) is a 2009 British comedy film written and directed by Richard Curtis , with pirate radio in the United Kingdom during the 1960s as its setting . The film has an ensemble cast featuring Philip Seymour Hoffman , Bill Nighy , Rhys Ifans , Nick Frost , and Kenneth Branagh . Set in 1966 , it tells the story of the fictitious pirate radio station `` Radio Rock '' and its crew of eclectic disc jockeys , who broadcast rock and pop music to the United Kingdom from a ship anchored in the North Sea while the British government endeavours to shut them down . It was produced by Working Title Films for Universal Pictures , and was filmed on the Isle of Portland and at Shepperton Studios . After the world premiere in London 's Leicester Square on 29 March 2009 , the film was released in United Kingdom and Ireland on 1 April 2009 . It was a commercial failure at the British box office , making only US$ 10.1 million in its first three months , just a fifth of its US$ 50 million production cost . It received mixed reviews , with most criticism directed at its muddled storyline and 2 1/4 - hour length . For its North American release the film had its running time cut by 20 minutes , and was retitled Pirate Radio . Opening 13 November 2009 , it was still commercially unsuccessful in the US , earning only US$ 8 million . When the worldwide theatrical run was finished in January 2010 , the film had grossed US$ 36.3 million .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "348fa6460571b0bb95b54f07e4b1365b", "text": "Lost Empires Lost Empires is a 1986 television adaptation of J. B. Priestley 's novel of the same name , and starred Colin Firth , John Castle and Laurence Olivier . Produced by Granada Television , it was shown as a serial , and premiered on the UK 's ITV network in October and November 1986 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a31ecbfaf3b5d59bd340e0ec379b302f", "text": "Tom Attenborough Tom Attenborough ( born 13 October 1986 ) is an English theatre director . He is the son of theatre director Michael Attenborough and the grandson of the late film actor and director Richard Attenborough .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "47e76f143dc640fda979164e97a96e96", "text": "Mang Hoi Mang Hoi is an actor from Hong Kong . He won the Best Supporting Actor at the 5th Hong Kong Film Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7849f6e24971b6e805d04853df481b0b", "text": "Doctor Dolittle (film) Doctor Dolittle is a 1967 American musical film directed by Richard Fleischer and starring Rex Harrison , Samantha Eggar , Anthony Newley and Richard Attenborough . It was adapted by Leslie Bricusse from the novel series by Hugh Lofting . It primarily fuses three of the books The Story of Doctor Dolittle , The Voyages of Doctor Dolittle , and Doctor Dolittle 's Circus . The film had a notoriously protracted production with numerous setbacks along the way such as complications from poorly chosen shooting locations and the numerous technical difficulties inherent with the large number of animals required for the story . The film exceeded its original budget of $ 6 million by three times , and recouped $ 9 million upon release in 1967 , earning only $ 6.2 million in theatrical rentals . The film received mixed to negative critical reviews , but through the studio 's intense lobbying , was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture and won awards for Best Original Song and Best Visual Effects .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1113b7cce715675d24f94b6ce86ac447", "text": "Tom Hardy Edward Thomas Hardy ( born 15 September 1977 ) is an English actor and producer . His motion picture debut was in Ridley Scott 's 2001 action film Black Hawk Down . Hardy 's other notable films include the science fiction film Star Trek : Nemesis ( 2002 ) , the crime film RocknRolla ( 2008 ) , biographical psychological drama Bronson ( 2008 ) , sports drama Warrior ( 2011 ) , Cold War espionage film Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy ( 2011 ) , crime drama Lawless ( 2012 ) , drama Locke ( 2013 ) , mobster film The Drop ( 2014 ) , and the biographical western thriller The Revenant ( 2015 ) , for which he received an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor . He portrayed `` Mad '' Max Rockatansky in the post-apocalyptic film Mad Max : Fury Road ( 2015 ) , and both of the Kray twins in the crime thriller Legend ( 2015 ) . He has appeared in three Christopher Nolan films : the science fiction thriller Inception ( 2010 ) , portrayed Bane in the superhero film The Dark Knight Rises ( 2012 ) , and the action-thriller Dunkirk ( 2017 ) based on the British evacuation in World War II . Hardy 's television roles include the HBO war drama miniseries Band of Brothers ( 2001 ) , the BBC historical drama miniseries The Virgin Queen ( 2005 ) , ITV 's Wuthering Heights ( 2008 ) , the Sky 1 drama series The Take ( 2009 ) , and the BBC historical crime drama television series Peaky Blinders ( 2013 ) . He created , co-produced and took the lead in the eight-part historical fiction series Taboo ( 2017 ) on BBC One and FX . Hardy has performed on both British and American stages . He was nominated for the Laurence Olivier Award for Most Promising Newcomer for his role as Skank in the 2003 production of In Arabia We 'd All Be Kings , and was awarded the 2003 London Evening Standard Theatre Award for Outstanding Newcomer for his performances in both In Arabia We 'd All be Kings and for his role as Luca in Blood . He starred in the 2007 production of The Man of Mode and received positive reviews for his role in the 2010 Philip Seymour Hoffman-directed play The Long Red Road .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ebe333b37b90984312220c95a2a035bb", "text": "Nick Cheung Nick Cheung Ka-fai ( born 2 December 1964 ) is a Hong Kong actor and director . He is a former Royal Hong Kong Police officer for four years , but he left the job after his request to be transferred to the criminal investigation department was turned down . He then worked for Danny Lee 's film production company . His film debut is `` Thank you , Sir ! '' , as a student at the Royal Hong Kong Cadet School . From 1989 to 1994 , he worked at the television station ATV World . Later , he left ATV and joined another station , TVB . He left TVB in 2004 , and worked mainly on films . His fame was built on Wong Jing 's comedy at first , but he has changed his acting style for more sombre roles since 2003 . He was nominated for his first Hong Kong film award in 1999 , and won his first award in 2009 for his role in Beast Stalker . He has been nominated many times at the Hong Kong Film Awards and other Chinese film awards since then . Cheung has won seven awards for his role in Beast Stalker ( 2008 ) , including Hong Kong Film Critics Society Award for Best Actor , Hong Kong Film Award for Best Actor , and Golden Horse Film Award for Best Actor . Cheung met Hong Kong actress Esther Kwan while he was still working at ATV . They married on 8 December 2003 in Australia . Their daughter , Brittany Cheung ( 張童 ; Cheung Tung ) , was born on 24 January 2006 . Cheung earned 75 million HKD in 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a82491679d85407ed2a1d2d049f9eddb", "text": "Sam Cox (actor) Sam Cox is a British television and stage actor . He has portrayed The Adventures of Tintin character Captain Haddock in the stage production of Tintin in Tibet , and Detective Inspector Bishop in the Doctor Who episode `` The Idiot 's Lantern . '' His face can be found on one of the Trading Cards in the Doctor Who - Battles in Time Exterminator Set .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "84bad4b485cfb08565d134c8067bddc7", "text": "The Land That Time Forgot (2009 film) The Land That Time Forgot ( promotionally titled Edgar Rice Burrough 's The Land That Time Forgot , release in other countries as Dinosaur Island ) is a 2009 science fiction film by independent American film studio The Asylum . The film is an adaptation of the 1918 Edgar Rice Burroughs novel of the same name , and a re-make of the 1975 film starring Doug McClure .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b6976702e0323ad976df60853608b7b7", "text": "Thomas Ho (actor) Thomas Ho Siu-hung , born 19 August 1973 , Kowloon , Hong Kong , is a British actor , of Chinese descent .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d26edd416d95c52e0a231f7c995c034e", "text": "Richard Pearce (British actor) Richard Crosby Pearce ( born 1961 in St Albans , England ) is a British actor , primarily in voice acting . Pearce has appeared in over 500 radio dramas and was twice a member of the BBC Radio drama company . He played opposite Sir John Gielgud in Tales My Father Taught Me and in a variety of radio parts ranging from The Mekon in Dan Dare to the last castrato in Angel of Rome . In 1992 and 1993 , Pearce appeared in the BBC Radio adaptation of The Adventures of Tintin , playing the eponymous hero . His other audio work includes Kenneth Branagh 's Romeo and Juliet ( Renaissance ) , The Taming of the Shrew ( BBC ) , Hamlet ( Naxos ) , The Skull Beneath The Skin by PD James ( BBC ) , Oliver Twist ( BBC ) , A Woman of No Importance ( Penguin ) , and two of BBC audio 's highest selling audio series : The Adventures of Tintin ( BBC ) and Doctor Who , playing Jeremy Fitzoliver , one of the doctor 's companions in two specially commissioned episodes The Paradise of Death and The Ghosts of N-Space . Pearce was the voice of Budgie in Budgie the Little Helicopter ( ITV ) . He is the voice of Dennis the Menace ( BBC ) and Oswald ( Channel 5 ) . In addition he has appeared in The Faraway Tree ( BBC ) , The Magic Key ( BBC ) , Numbertime ( BBC ) , Agrippine ( Channel 5 ) , Macdonald 's Farm ( ITV ) , as well as appearances in Shakespeare - The Animated Tales ( S4C ) . His other work includes Decline and Fall , The Mekon , Moonfleet , Shakespeare : The Animated Tales , Testament : The Bible in Animation , a character in Ape Escape and some Ned Chaillet radio plays .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7523ea48c05589a685954aa7f4218cd2", "text": "Kenneth Tsang Kenneth Tsang Kong ( ; born 2 September 1935 ) is a Hong Kong actor . Tsang 's career has spanned 50 years and included a variety of acting roles . Tsang won the Best Supporting Actor Award at the 34th Hong Kong Film Awards in 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "904eff6dde3289b8662d118f29542217", "text": "Tom Baker (English actor) Thomas Stewart `` Tom '' Baker ( born 20 January 1934 ) is an English actor . He is known for his portrayal of the fourth incarnation of the Doctor in the science fiction series Doctor Who from 1974 to 1981 , a longer tenure than any other actor , and for the narration of the comedy series Little Britain . Baker 's voice , which has been described as `` sonorous '' , was voted the fourth-most recognisable in the UK . At the age of 15 Baker began study as a monk . However , he gradually lost his vocation and at 21 he left monastic life and undertook National Service in the Royal Army Medical Corps . On leaving the army , he joined the Merchant Navy and then became an actor , joining the Royal National Theatre Company under Laurence Olivier . Baker was in his thirties when his professional acting career began , and his first major film role was as Grigori Rasputin in Nicholas and Alexandra in 1971 , when he was 37 . He went on to play the villainous Prince Koura in The Golden Voyage of Sinbad in 1973 , which led to his casting in Doctor Who . During his period as its star , the series was distinguished by high viewing figures and many stories which became regarded as classics . He remains one of the most instantly recognisable incarnations of the character . He continued to win regular roles in TV later in his career , most notably in the series Medics and Monarch of the Glen . In addition to performing acting roles , Baker has narrated commercials , video games , audiobooks and television series . In a poll for the BBC Homes and Antiques magazine in January 2006 , Baker was voted the world 's fourth-most eccentric star . He was beaten by Björk , Chris Eubank and David Icke . Married three times , the second to Doctor Who co-star Lalla Ward , Baker has two sons from his first marriage .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0d29c971df00dfcec738c554bc298ac8", "text": "Tom Courtenay Sir Thomas Daniel `` Tom '' Courtenay ( -LSB- ˈkɔrtni -RSB- born 25 February 1937 ) is an English actor who came to prominence in the early 1960s with a succession of films , including The Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner ( 1962 ) , Billy Liar ( 1963 ) , and Doctor Zhivago ( 1965 ) . Since the mid-1960s , he has been known primarily for his work in the theatre , although he received an Academy Award nomination for Best Actor for the film adaptation of The Dresser ( 1983 ) , which he had performed on the West End and on Broadway . He received a knighthood in February 2001 for his service to cinema and theatre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eb27cf7e03d00c55d2067d2f25a51a81", "text": "Charlie Chan at Treasure Island Charlie Chan at Treasure Island is a 1939 American film directed by Norman Foster , starring Sidney Toler as the fictional Chinese-American detective Charlie Chan , that takes place on Treasure Island during San Francisco 's Golden Gate International Exposition .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "62ec759bac6643768b991af393f2d1ae", "text": "Michael Crichton John Michael Crichton ( -LSB- ˈkraɪtən -RSB- October 23 , 1942 -- November 4 , 2008 ) was an American best-selling author , screenwriter , film director and producer best known for his work in the science fiction , medical fiction and thriller genres . His books have sold over 200 million copies worldwide , and many have been adapted into films . In 1994 , Crichton became the only creative artist ever to have works simultaneously charting at No. 1 in U.S. television ( ER ) , film ( Jurassic Park ) , and book sales ( Disclosure ) . His literary works are usually within the action genre and heavily feature technology . His novels epitomize the techno-thriller genre of literature , often exploring technology and failures of human interaction with it , especially resulting in catastrophes with biotechnology . Many of his future history novels have medical or scientific underpinnings , reflecting his medical training and science background . He wrote , among other works , The Andromeda Strain ( 1969 ) , Congo ( 1980 ) , Sphere ( 1987 ) , Travels ( 1988 ) , Jurassic Park ( 1990 ) , Rising Sun ( 1992 ) , Disclosure ( 1994 ) , The Lost World ( 1995 ) , Airframe ( 1996 ) , Timeline ( 1999 ) , Prey ( 2002 ) , State of Fear ( 2004 ) , Next ( 2006 ; the final book published before his death ) , Pirate Latitudes ( 2009 ) , an unfinished techno-thriller , Micro , which was published in November 2011 , and Dragon Teeth , a historical novel set during the `` Bone Wars '' , published worldwide in May 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "463ec25399ff8bb7ec37cfd64d51a14c", "text": "Barton Beds Barton Beds ( now the Barton Group ) is the name given to a series of grey and brown clays , with layers of sand , of Upper Eocene age ( around 40 million years old ) , which are found in the Hampshire Basin of southern England . They are particularly well exposed in the cliffs at Barton-on-Sea , which is the world type locality for the Barton Beds , and lends its name to the Bartonian age of the Eocene epoch . The clay is abundant in fossils , especially molluscs . The beds are found in the Hampshire Basin , and are well exposed in the cliffs of Barton , Hordle , and on the Isle of Wight . The cliffs at Barton are the world type locality for the Barton Beds . The beds consist of grey , greenish and brown clays with bands of sand and have long been well known for the abundance and excellent preservation of their fossils . More than 500 species have been recorded , of which , over half are molluscs , including numerous turret shells and lamellibranchs . Sharks teeth are common , and the beds have yielded remains of corals , fishes , mammals , reptiles , and birds . Plant fossils are also abundant . In the 1840s fossils were found in the `` crocodile bed '' at Hordle cliff , which belonged to an extinct species of alligator , which was subsequently named Diplocynodon hantoniensis , after the county of Hampshire ( Hantonia being a Latinization based on the Anglo-Saxon name Hantescire ) . Above the highly fossiliferous Barton Clay , there is a sandy series with few fossils ; these are the Headon Hill or Barton Sands . Today , the Barton Beds are rather poorly exposed in many sections due to coastal protection works . The Barton Beds are of Upper Eocene age , and the area was covered with an inland sea , and the temperature was higher than at the present day . The term `` Bartonian '' was introduced by Karl Mayer-Eymar in 1857 for the continental equivalents of the series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "db1004c025efd393607f879831ad4c53", "text": "Crocodile Dundee Crocodile Dundee ( stylized as `` Crocodile '' Dundee in the U.S. ) is a 1986 Australian-American comedy film set in the Australian Outback and in New York City . It stars Paul Hogan as the weathered Mick Dundee . Hogan 's future wife Linda Kozlowski portrayed Sue Charlton . Inspired by the true life exploits of Rod Ansell , the film was made on a budget of under $ 10 million as a deliberate attempt to make a commercial Australian film that would appeal to a mainstream American audience , but proved to be a worldwide phenomenon . Released on 30 April 1986 in Australia , and on 26 September 1986 in the United States , it was the second-highest-grossing film in the United States in that year and went on to become the second-highest grossing film worldwide at the box office as well , with an estimated 46 million tickets sold in the US . There are two versions of the film : the Australian version , and an international version , which had much of the Australian slang replaced with more commonly understood terms , and was slightly shorter . Although the film was a hit both in Australia and abroad , it became controversial with some Australian critics and audiences -- who resented the image of Australians as being ocker . The first scenes were filmed in the small town of McKinlay in Queensland . The hotel has original warped and polished hardwood floors . There are no crocodiles in the area as it 's in the outback with no major water source . Crocodile Dundee was followed by two sequels : Crocodile Dundee II ( 1988 ) and Crocodile Dundee in Los Angeles ( 2001 ) , although both films failed to match the critical success of the predecessor .", "title": "" } ]
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c3ecb6ac6242417600386a343c2e218a
Bentley manufactures cars.
[ { "docid": "21bcbd4ab52a0e7c01cf7c43f6974553", "text": "Bentley Bentley Motors Limited ( -LSB- ˈbɛntli -RSB- ) is a British manufacturer and marketer of luxury cars and SUVs -- and a subsidiary of Volkswagen AG since 1998 . Headquartered in Crewe , England , the company was founded as Bentley Motors Limited by W. O. Bentley in 1919 in Cricklewood , North London -- and became widely known for winning the 24 Hours of Le Mans in 1924 , 1927 , 1928 , 1929 , 1930 , and 2003 . Prominent models extend from the historic sports-racing Bentley 4 1/2 Litre and Bentley Speed Six ; the more recent Bentley R Type Continental , Bentley Turbo R , and Bentley Arnage ; to its current model line -- including the Continental Flying Spur , Continental GT , Bentley Bentayga and the Mulsanne -- which are marketed worldwide , with China its largest market as of November 2012 . Today most Bentleys are assembled at the company 's Crewe factory , with a small number assembled at Volkswagen 's Dresden factory Germany , and with bodies for the Continental manufactured in Zwickau and the Bentayga manufactured at the Volkswagen Bratislava Plant . The joining and eventual separation of Bentley and Rolls-Royce follows a series of mergers and acquisitions , beginning with the 1931 purchase by Rolls-Royce of Bentley , then in receivership . In 1971 , Rolls-Royce itself was forced into receivership and the UK government nationalised the company -- splitting into two companies the aerospace division ( Rolls-Royce Plc ) and automotive ( Rolls-Royce Motors Limited ) divisions -- the latter retaining the Bentley subdivision . Rolls-Royce Motors was subsequently sold to engineering conglomerate , Vickers and in 1998 , Vickers sold Rolls-Royce to Volkswagen AG . Intellectual property rights to both the name Rolls-Royce as well as the company 's logo had been retained not by Rolls-Royce Motors , but by aerospace company , Rolls-Royce Plc , which had continued to license both to the automotive division . Thus the sale of `` Rolls-Royce '' to VW included the Bentley name and logos , vehicle designs , model nameplates , production and administrative facilities , the Spirit of Ecstasy and Rolls-Royce grille shape trademarks ( subsequently sold to BMW by VW ) -- but not the rights to the Rolls-Royce name or logo . The aerospace company , Rolls-Royce Plc , ultimately sold both to BMW AG .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "e4632d5809ae1bcad54575ba44da583e", "text": "Le Mans Classic The Le Mans Classic is a biennial vintage sports car event held on the grounds of the 24 Hours of Le Mans . It began in 2002 and runs every two years in July on the full 13.65 km circuit also used for the annual modern day 24 Hours of Le Mans . The Le Mans Classic event of 2002 was the first time since 1923 that the full 24-hour Circuit , part of which is public road the rest of the year , was closed specifically for an event other than the annual running of the 24 heures du Mans with contemporary sportcars and prototypes , thus allowing car owners and gentleman drivers to experience what it must have been to race these cars on this circuit . The event consists of a series of races for cars which have competed at the 24 Hours of Le Mans or for similar cars of the same model . Only cars from prior to 1979 are allowed , with all cars being broken into six different eras . To compete in the races a driver must own an FIA International Competition licence , meaning the drivers are of a professional level . Car shows and auctions are hosted on the Bugatti Circuit grounds , with various car clubs meeting to show off machinery .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3d6b53a9dffa23fc5f35923e0f3717e8", "text": "1983 in motoring This article 1983 in motoring deals with developments in the automotive industry throughout the year 1983 by various automobile manufacturers , grouped by country . The automotive industry designs , develops , manufactures , markets , and sells motor vehicles , and is one of the Earth 's most important economic sectors by revenue . The first practical automobile with a petrol engine was built by Karl Benz in 1885 in Mannheim , Germany . 1983 saw a great number of new model launches in Europe , with the popularity of the hatchback bodystyle continuing to gather pace and now being the most popular bodystyle in many countries .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "40d37d21d0bb0eb4700077b346bdcbea", "text": "Ford Mustang The Ford Mustang is an American automobile manufactured by Ford . It was originally based on the platform of the second generation North American Ford Falcon , a compact car . The original 1962 Ford Mustang I two-seater concept car had evolved into the 1963 Mustang II four-seater concept car which Ford used to pretest how the public would take interest in the first production Mustang . The 1963 Mustang II concept car was designed with a variation of the production model 's front and rear ends with a roof that was 2.7 inches shorter . Introduced early on April 17 , 1964 , ( 16 days after the Plymouth Barracuda ) and thus dubbed as a `` 1964 1/2 '' by Mustang fans , the 1965 Mustang was the automaker 's most successful launch since the Model A . The Mustang has undergone several transformations to its current sixth generation . The Mustang created the `` pony car '' class of American automobiles , affordable sporty coupes with long hoods and short rear decks and gave rise to competitors such as the Chevrolet Camaro , Pontiac Firebird , AMC Javelin , Chrysler 's revamped Plymouth Barracuda , and the first generation Dodge Challenger . The Mustang is also credited for inspiring the designs of coupés such as the Toyota Celica and Ford Capri , which were imported to the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3b2f589f1227d4efe0ce2ab08b9572ec", "text": "Volvo Amazon The Volvo Amazon is a mid-size car manufactured and marketed by Volvo Cars from 1956 to 1970 and introduced in the USA as the 122S at the New York International Auto Show in April 1959 . The Amazon shared the wheelbase , tall posture and high H-point seating of its predecessor , the PV and was offered in two-door sedan , four-door sedan , and five-door wagon body styles . In 1959 Volvo became the world 's first manufacturer to provide front seat belts as standard equipment -- by providing them on all Amazon models , including the export models -- and later becoming the first car featuring three-point seat belts as standard equipment . When introduced , the car was named the Amason ( with an 's ' ) , deriving from the fierce female warriors of Greek mythology , the Amazons . German motorcycle manufacturer Kreidler had already registered the name , and the two companies finally agreed that Volvo could only use the name domestically ( i.e. , within Sweden ) , modifying the spelling to Amazon . Subsequently , Volvo began its tri-digit nomenclature and the line became known as the 120 Series . The Amazon was originally manufactured at Volvo 's Lundby plant in Gothenburg and subsequently at the company 's Torslandaverken plant , which began operating in 1964 . By the end of production , 234,653 four-door models , 359,917 two-door models and 73,220 station wagons had been produced , of which 60 % were exported ; for a total of 667,791 vehicles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cc15f8ad02e8e4f16217d60a97d18ec3", "text": "Reliant Reliant was a British car manufacturer . The company was traditionally based at Tamworth in Staffordshire . Reliant was mainly known for producing the 3-wheeled Reliant Robin , ( in spite of the fact most people erroneously refer to them as `` Robin Reliant '' ) but in fact produced a variety of different vehicles during a production run of over 60 years , including popular sports cars , convertibles and commercial vehicles . Around 1 to 2 million Reliant vehicles were produced , and were sold in at least 9 countries . For a period from the 1970s to the 1990s , Reliant was the UK 's biggest British-owned car manufacturer . Reliant Motor Company LTD is now a dormant company and the only part that still exists is Reliant partsworld which produce spares for Reliant vehicles and the Tempest sports car manufactured in Malvern .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "806c8a0c29b38b17f579411e38878652", "text": "Bugatti Automobiles Ettore Bugatti was a French car manufacturer of high-performance automobiles , founded in 1909 in the then German city of Molsheim , Alsace by Italian-born Ettore Bugatti . Bugatti cars were known for their design beauty ( Ettore Bugatti was from a family of artists and considered himself to be both an artist and constructor ) and for their many race victories . Famous Bugattis include the Type 35 Grand Prix cars , the Type 41 `` Royale '' , the Type 57 `` Atlantic '' and the Type 55 sports car . The death of Ettore Bugatti in 1947 proved to be the end for the marque , and the death of his son Jean Bugatti in 1939 ensured there was not a successor to lead the factory . No more than about 8,000 cars were made . The company struggled financially , and released one last model in the 1950s , before eventually being purchased for its airplane parts business in the 1960s . In the 1990s , an Italian entrepreneur revived it as a builder of limited production exclusive sports cars . Today , the name is owned by German automobile manufacturing group Volkswagen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "35618bfa525451323bde6875825dd6a4", "text": "Mulliner Park Ward Mulliner Park Ward was a bespoke coachbuilder in Hythe Road , Willesden , London UK . Mulliner now is the personal commissioning department for Bentley . Mulliner Park Ward was a subsidiary of Rolls-Royce and made bespoke bodies in London for Rolls-Royce and Bentley motor cars . The coachbuilding business closed in 1991 but the Mulliner name is used for the personal commissioning department of the current Bentley manufacturer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2141000d3c939618ff3ef396c0e6b56e", "text": "MG Cars MG ( Morris Garage ) is an English automotive marque registered by the now defunct MG Car Company Limited , a British sports car manufacturer begun in the 1920s as a sales promotion sideline within W R Morris 's Oxford city retail sales and service business by the business 's manager , Cecil Kimber . Best known for its two-seat open sports cars , MG also produced saloons and coupés . Kimber was an employee of William Morris . The MG business was Morris 's personal property until 1 July 1935 when he sold MG to his holding company , Morris Motors Limited , restructuring his holdings before issuing ( preference ) shares in Morris Motors to the public in 1936 . MG underwent many changes in ownership starting with Morris merging with Austin in The British Motor Corporation Limited in 1952 . MG became the MG Division of BMC in 1967 and so a component of the 1968 merger that created British Leyland Motor Corporation . By the start of 2000 MG was part of the MG Rover Group which entered receivership in 2005 and the assets and the MG brand were purchased by Nanjing Automobile Group ( which merged into SAIC in 2008 ) for 53 million . Production restarted in 2007 in China , and later at Longbridge plant in the UK under the current manufacturer MG Motor . The first all-new model from MG in the UK for 16 years , the MG 6 , was officially launched on 26 June 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa4ed06548d72a7e3c2631432417cfaf", "text": "Judd (engine) Judd is a name brand of engines produced by Engine Developments Ltd. , a company founded in 1971 by John Judd and Jack Brabham in Rugby , Warwickshire , England . Engine Developments was intended to build engines for Brabham 's racing efforts , and became one of the first firms authorised by Cosworth to maintain and rebuild its DFV engines , but has since expanded into various areas of motorsport . Judd has provided engines for many major series , including Formula One and other smaller formula series , sports car racing , and touring car racing . They have been associated with manufacturers such as Yamaha , MG , and Honda , although they have mainly been a privateer engine supplier to customers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5ec28791e2f18fa1345e3462a9acfd5f", "text": "Wagon Automotive Wagon Automotive is an automotive parts company based in Birmingham , England . The company is controlled by the American businessman Wilbur Ross and employs over 4,000 workers across Europe . Wagon has its roots in Wagon Repairs , a business set up at the end of the First World War to maintain railway rolling stock . It was chosen by Ross as the foundation for a European car parts empire .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b21008cec387fb9d156e7c989bdf2206", "text": "Bolwell Bolwell is an Australian company that originally produced sports cars between 1962 and 1979 . A new company of the same name began production of new cars in 2009 after several years of concept and show cars .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "240bc81cad632e1b5adf42497f09d9d6", "text": "FIA Formula Two Championship (2009–2012) The FIA Formula Two Championship was a one-make class of auto racing for Formula Two open wheeled single seater racing cars . It was a revival of the former European Formula Two Championship that was previously run from 1967 to 1984 , and was organised by MotorSport Vision . Drivers competed in identical Williams F1 built cars with an Audi supplied and Mountune Racing developed 400 bhp engine , over 16 rounds at eight venues . The championship was contested each year from 2009 to 2012 . Formula Two was revived due to the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile 's concern that the cost of competing in motor racing at a level to progress directly to Formula One was becoming unreachable for many participants , and the category was re-introduced as a lower-cost alternative for drivers . The FIA tender to supply and operate the Championship was awarded to the British MotorSportVision Racing company , owned by former Formula One racer Jonathan Palmer . Compared to rival series such as GP2 and Formula Renault 3.5 , Formula Two cost significantly less per season whilst allowing drivers to prove their skill and develop their racecraft , in identical vehicles designed by a six-man team from WilliamsF1 , led by Director of Engineering Patrick Head . The F2 vehicles were assembled and prepared between races at MotorSport Vision 's Bedford Autodrome facility , prior to each championship event . In December 2012 , MotorSport Vision announced that the series would not be run in 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "89df0d67ed9416d966d926228eb40cfc", "text": "Audi A8 The Audi A8 is a four-door , full-size , luxury sedan manufactured and marketed by the German automaker Audi since 1994 . Succeeding the Audi V8 , and now in its third generation , the A8 has been offered with both front - or permanent all-wheel drive -- and in short - and long-wheelbase variants . The first two generations employed the Volkswagen Group D platform , with the current generation deriving from the MLB platform . After the original model 's 1994 release , Audi released the second generation in late 2002 , and the third and current iteration in late 2009 . Notable for being the first mass-market car with an aluminium chassis , all A8 models have used this construction method co-developed with Alcoa and marketed as the Audi Space Frame . A mechanically-upgraded , high-performance version of the A8 debuted in 1996 as the Audi S8 . Produced exclusively at Audi 's Neckarsulm plant , unlike the donor A8 model , the S8 has been available only in short-wheelbase form and is fitted standard with Audi 's quattro all-wheel drive system .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b4e9f88a9b54800ad2b44a1ccbf1273e", "text": "Detroit Assembly Detroit Assembly ( also known as Detroit Cadillac , Cadillac Assembly or Clark Street Assembly ) was a General Motors automobile factory in Detroit , Michigan on Clark Avenue , south of Michigan Avenue ( U.S. Route 12 ) . It began operations in 1921 and Cadillac bodies were supplied by Fleetwood Metal Body in 1921 after Fisher Body assumed operations . It was the second location that built Cadillacs , when Cadillac originally started out as the Detroit Automobile Company , then the Henry Ford Company which was located at the intersection of Cass Street and Amsterdam Avenue . In 1902 , the Cadillac Motor Company began operations , and began building cars at the all new Clark Street facility in 1921 , where the factory manufactured Cadillac models until December 23 , 1987 , when production of Cadillac 's full-size D-bodies moved to Arlington Assembly in Arlington , Texas , while production of downsized FWD DeVille/Fleetwood/Seville models were relocated to Detroit/Hamtramck Assembly and Orion Assembly by 1985 . It is approximately 2 miles southeast of the original Lincoln factory located at 6200 West Warren Avenue . All Cadillac vehicles were built only at this facility , with production of popular selling models later added to Linden , New Jersey , South Gate , California or Arlington , Texas in `` knock down kits '' starting in the 1930s to meet demand . The bodies were built by Fisher at Fleetwood Plant # 18 at 261 W End St , and transferred by rail to Clark Street for final assembly . From 1984 to 1987 , the plant also built the Oldsmobile 88 and Custom Cruiser , and the Chevrolet Caprice and Impala . Detroit Assembly used the VIN codes `` Q '' and `` 9 . '' The site of the plant was redeveloped into the 88-acre Clark Street Technology Park in 1997 by General Motors and three other partners . It is now the location for Inland Waters Pollution Control .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f4d4bb8a28ff34ec62910e15ac8abb9e", "text": "Automobile handling Automobile handling and vehicle handling are descriptions of the way a wheeled vehicle responds and reacts to the inputs of a driver , as well as how it moves along a track or road . It is commonly judged by how a vehicle performs particularly during cornering , acceleration , and braking as well as on the vehicle 's directional stability when moving in steady state condition . In the automotive industry , handling and braking are the major components of a vehicle 's `` active '' safety , as well as its ability to perform in Auto Racing . The maximum lateral acceleration is sometimes discussed separately as `` road holding '' . ( This discussion is directed at road vehicles with at least three wheels , but some of it may apply to other ground vehicles ) . Automobiles driven on public roads whose engineering requirements emphasize handling over comfort and passenger space are named sports cars .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d15cd3e0aa9e83f37776ba74ab853bc", "text": "Rickenbacker (car) Rickenbacker Motor Company was a US automobile manufacturer based in Detroit , Michigan from 1922 until 1927 . The company was established by Eddie Rickenbacker ( 1890 -- 1973 ) , America 's leading fighter ace during World War I . He used his World War I 94th Fighter Squadron emblem depicting a top hat inside a ring . The emblems were located both on the front and the back of the cars . Rickenbacker Motor Company made sporting coupés , touring cars , sedans , and roadsters . Four wheel inside brakes were introduced in 1923 . Rickenbacker made an unsuccessful attempt to merge with Peerless around 1924 . Early six-cylinder engines were joined in 1925 by an eight-cylinder engine . The model was named Vertical Eight Super Fine which referred to the advanced proprietary engine and the high quality of the cars . Although 1927 saw new models signed 6-70 , 8-80 and 8-90 , Rickenbacker cars were too expensive for the time and sales were poor . Before the company closed down in 1927 , more than 35,000 cars had been built . The manufacturing equipment were sold to Audi and transported to Germany , somewhat ironic since Rickenbacker renounced his supposed German heritage ( he was actually of Swiss ancestry ) in light of World War I . This transaction was reflected in Audi Zwickau and Dresden models , using six - or eight-cylinder Rickenbacker engines . Some Rickenbacker cars still survive .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8b013dea9794eaae205cffe025660859", "text": "B-segment B-segment ( or small cars ) is a car classification defined by the European Commission as larger than cars in the A-segment and smaller than those in the C-segment . Positioned between the A-segment ( city cars ) and C-segment ( medium cars ) , they are nippy enough for city driving and high MPG ratings while having more space for luggage and passengers . During the mid to late 20th century , these cars were generally the smallest sized for most manufacturers , but as a higher demand for economical models began to raise , most of them have now been placed as the second smallest . Typical B-segment cars include the Alfa Romeo MiTo , Citroën C3 , Dacia Sandero , Ford Fiesta , Mazda Demio , Fiat Punto , Opel Corsa , Peugeot 208 , Honda Fit , Hyundai i20 , Renault Clio , Renault Zoe , Toyota Yaris , Kia Pride , Volkswagen Polo , Seat Ibiza , Nissan Micra , Mitsubishi Attrage , Dacia Logan , Škoda Fabia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0608dc0148be4387f84730c9b8a870c9", "text": "Ashton-Evans The Ashton-Evans was an English car manufactured in Birmingham from 1919 to 1928 by Joseph Evans & Co of Liverpool Street Mills an engineering company who also made railway locomotives and aircraft parts . In 1919 a new company Ashton-Evans Motors Ltd was formed . The cars were designed by E Bailey who had been with Sunbeam and later J. Bedford . The first car of the marque designed by E Bailey was described as `` a three-wheeler with four wheels '' and had a rear track of only 8 in to avoid the need for a differential . The rear axlw was suspended by a quarter ellitic spring fastened to the tubular chassis at the front and resting on a metal plate on the top of the rear axle which was located by the use of a torque tube and two rods . It is not certain if any of these cars were sold . In 1920 Mr Ashton-Evans decided to find out what his customers wanted in an `` owner driver 's ideal '' car and invited opinions . From the response he worked out that the car should have a four-cylinder water cooled engine not exceeding 12 taxable hp and be silent , vibrationless , easy to start and powerful . Gear changing should be silent and without the need to double declutch . There should be room for three people on the front seat . To meet this specification J Bedford designed a new car which became the Ashton 10.5 model , the Ashton-Evans name being temporarily dropped . This had a normal rear axle . Most cars featured - litre , 4-cylinder Coventry Simplex engines and three-speed constant-mesh gearboxes with selection made by dog clutches . Some of the early cars might have had two-cylinder engines . Two - and four-seat open bodies were available . Production of cars was slow and probably not profitable and in 1923 a single model , the 11/16 was made and the name returned to Ashton-Evans . A fire in 1924 badly hit production and car production was temporarily suspended in 1927 but never resumed . As many as 250 might have been made .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e37e12debdbd027fc3a7abee28a97c38", "text": "Sedan (automobile) A sedan -LSB- sᵻˈdæn -RSB- ( American , Canadian , Australian , and New Zealand English ) or saloon ( British , Irish and Indian English ) is a passenger car in a three-box configuration with A , B & C-pillars and principal volumes articulated in separate compartments for engine , passenger and cargo . The passenger compartment features two rows of seats and adequate passenger space in the rear compartment for adult passengers . The cargo compartment is typically in the rear , with the exception of some rear-engined models , such as the Renault Dauphine , Tatra T613 , Volkswagen Type 3 and Chevrolet Corvair . It is one of the most common car body styles . A battery electric liftback such as the Tesla Model S has no engine compartment , but a front cargo compartment and a rear compartment for cargo or optionally for additional passengers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d8dd05822d19dfa34b876a3c733a81f0", "text": "Rover Group The Rover Group plc was the name given in 1986 to the British vehicle manufacturer BL ( formerly British Leyland ) , which had been state-owned company since 1975 . It initially included the Austin Rover Group car business ( comprising the Austin , Rover , Mini and MG marques ) , Land Rover Group , Freight Rover vans and Leyland Trucks . The Rover Group was owned by British Aerospace ( BAe ) from 1988 to 1994 , when BAe sold the remaining car business to the German company BMW . The group was further broken up in 2000 , when Ford acquired the Land Rover division , with the Rover and MG marques continuing with the much smaller MG Rover Group until 2005 . Ownership of the original Rover Group marques is currently split between BMW ( Germany ) , SAIC ( China ) , and Tata Motors ( India ) .", "title": "" } ]
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The United Kingdom is an industrialized nation.
[ { "docid": "8c1999004b8183f3c7b413ea0bd8a045", "text": "United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK ) or Britain , is a sovereign country in western Europe . Lying off the north-western coast of the European mainland , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland is the only part of the United Kingdom that shares a land border with another sovereign statethe Republic of Ireland.Although Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign state , two of its Overseas Territories also share land borders with other sovereign countries . Gibraltar shares a border with Spain , while the Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia share borders with the Republic of Cyprus , the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus and the UN buffer zone separating the two Cypriot polities . Apart from this land border , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to its east , the English Channel to its south and the Celtic Sea to its south-south-west , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland . With an area of 242500 km2 , the United Kingdom is the 78th-largest sovereign state in the world and the 11th-largest in Europe . It is also the 21st-most populous country , with an estimated 65.1 million inhabitants . Together , this makes it the fourth-most densely populated country in the European Union ( EU ) . The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system of governance . The monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 6 February 1952 . The capital of the United Kingdom and its largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million , the fourth-largest in Europe and second-largest in the European Union . Other major urban areas in the United Kingdom include the conurbations centred on Birmingham , Leeds , Glasgow , Liverpool and Manchester . The United Kingdom consists of four countries -- England , Scotland , Wales and Northern Ireland . The last three have devolved administrations , each with varying powers , based in their capitals , Edinburgh , Cardiff and Belfast , respectively . The nearby Isle of Man , Bailiwick of Guernsey and Bailiwick of Jersey are not part of the United Kingdom , being Crown dependencies with the British Government responsible for defence and international representation . The relationships among the countries of the UK have changed over time . Wales was annexed by the Kingdom of England under the Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542 . A treaty between England and Scotland resulted in 1707 in a unified Kingdom of Great Britain , which merged in 1801 with the Kingdom of Ireland to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland . Five-sixths of Ireland seceded from the UK in 1922 , leaving the present formulation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.The Anglo-Irish Treaty was signed on 6 December 1921 to resolve the Irish War of Independence . When it took effect one year later , it established the Irish Free State as a separate dominion within the Commonwealth . The UK 's current name was adopted to reflect the change . There are fourteen British Overseas Territories . These are the remnants of the British Empire which , at its height in the 1920s , encompassed almost a quarter of the world 's land mass and was the largest empire in history . British influence can be observed in the language , culture and legal systems of many of its former colonies . The United Kingdom is a developed country and has the world 's fifth-largest economy by nominal GDP and ninth-largest economy by purchasing power parity . The UK is considered to have a high-income economy and is categorised as very high in the Human Development Index , ranking 16th in the world . It was the world 's first industrialised country and the world 's foremost power during the 19th and early 20th centuries . The UK remains a great power with considerable economic , cultural , military , scientific and political influence internationally . It is a recognised nuclear weapons state and is seventh in military expenditure in the world . The UK has been a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council since its first session in 1946 . It has been a leading member state of the EU and its predecessor , the European Economic Community ( EEC ) , since 1973 . However , on 23 June 2016 , a national referendum on the UK 's membership of the EU resulted in a decision to leave , and its exit from the EU is currently being negotiated . The UK is also a member of the Commonwealth of Nations , the Council of Europe , the G7 finance ministers , the G7 forum , the G20 , NATO , the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ( OECD ) , and the World Trade Organization ( WTO ) .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "6718fc743993adf56fad4035c184c4f5", "text": "Centre points of the United Kingdom There has long been debate over the exact location of the geographical centre of the United Kingdom , and its constituent countries , due to the complexity and method of the calculation , such as whether to include offshore islands , and the fact that erosion will cause the position to change over time . There are two main methods of calculating this `` centre '' : either as the centroid of the two-dimensional shape made by the country ( projected to the Airy ellipsoid then flattened using the Transverse Mercator projection ) , or as the point farthest from the boundary of the country ( either the sea , or , in the case of constituent countries , a land border ) . These two methods give quite different answers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "70e38c247af90cc27f22849d86c77828", "text": "Geography of London London is the largest urban area and capital city of the United Kingdom , located in southeastern Great Britain . The London region covers an area of 1579 km2 , and had a population of 7,172,036 in 2001 and a population density of 4,542 people per square kilometre . A larger area , referred to as the London Metropolitan Region or the London Metropolitan Agglomeration covers an area of 8382 km2 , and had a population of 12,653,500 and a population density of 1,510 people per square kilometre . London is a port on the Thames ( see main article Port of London ) , a navigable river . The river has had a major influence on the development of the city . London began on the Thames ' north bank and for a long time the main focus of the city remained on the north side of the Thames . For many centuries London Bridge was the only bridge in or close to the city . When more bridges were built in the 18th century , the city expanded in all directions as the mostly flat or gently rolling countryside presented no obstacle to growth .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d512412fcd5668d2e33f473438fe519d", "text": "Industrial school In England , the 1857 Industrial Schools Act was intended to solve problems of juvenile vagrancy , by removing poor and neglected children from their home environment to a boarding school . The Act allowed magistrates to send disorderly children to a residential industrial school . An 1876 Act led to non-residential day schools of a similar kind . There were similar arrangements in Scotland , where the Industrial Schools Act came into force in 1866 . The schools cared for neglected children and taught them a trade , with an emphasis on preventing crime . Glasgow Industrial School for Girls is an example formed in 1882 . They were distinct from reformatories set up under the 1854 Youthful Offenders Act ( the Reformatory Schools Act ) which included an element of punishment . Both agreed in 1927 to call themselves approved schools . In Ireland , the Industrial Schools Act of 1868 established industrial schools ( scoileanna saothair ) to care for `` neglected , orphaned and abandoned children '' . By 1884 there were 5,049 children in such institutions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "33df7b0c124f91bb9d2c823dd917d4e7", "text": "History of journalism in the United Kingdom The history of journalism in the United Kingdom includes the gathering and transmitting of news , spans the growth of technology and trade , marked by the advent of specialized techniques for gathering and disseminating information on a regular basis . In the analysis of historians , it involves the steady increase of the scope of news available to us and the speed with which it is transmitted . Newspapers have always been the primary medium of journalists since 1700 , with magazines added in the 18th century , radio and television in the 20th century , and the Internet in the 21st century . London has always been the main center of British journalism , followed at a distance by Edinburgh , Belfast , Dublin , and regional cities .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "732bd731c698a975d3c1beb6b2bb7e17", "text": "Crown Estate The Crown Estate is a collection of lands and holdings in the United Kingdom belonging to the British monarch as a corporation sole , making it the `` Sovereign 's public estate '' , which is neither government property nor part of the monarch 's private estate . As a result of this arrangement , the sovereign is not involved with the management or administration of the estate , exercising only very limited control of its affairs . Instead , the estate 's extensive portfolio is overseen by a semi-independent , incorporated public body headed by the Crown Estate Commissioners , who exercise `` the powers of ownership '' of the estate , although they are not `` owners in their own right '' . The revenues from these hereditary possessions have been placed by the monarch at the disposition of Her Majesty 's Government and thus proceed directly to Her Majesty 's Treasury for the benefit of the British nation . The Crown Estate is formally accountable to the Parliament of the United Kingdom , where it is legally mandated to make an annual report to the sovereign , a copy of which is forwarded to the House of Commons . The Crown Estate is one of the largest property managers in the United Kingdom , overseeing property worth # 12 billion , with urban properties valued at # 9.1 billion representing the majority of the estate by value . These include a large number of properties in central London , but the estate also controls 792000 ha of agricultural land and forest , more than half of the UK 's foreshore , and retains various other traditional holdings and rights , including Ascot Racecourse and Windsor Great Park . Naturally occurring gold and silver in the UK , collectively known as `` Mines Royal '' , are managed by The Crown Estate and leased to mining operators . Historically , Crown Estate properties were administered by the reigning monarch to help fund the business of governing the country . However , in 1760 , George III surrendered control over the Estate 's revenues to the treasury , thus relieving him of the responsibility of personally paying for the costs of the civil service , defence costs , the national debt , and his own personal debts . In return , he received an annual grant known as the Civil list . By tradition , each subsequent monarch agreed to this arrangement upon his or her accession . However , from 1 April 2012 , under the terms of the Sovereign Grant Act 2011 ( SSG ) , the Civil List was abolished and the monarch was thenceforth provided with a stable source of revenue indexed to a percentage of the Crown Estate 's annual net revenue ( currently set at 15 % ) . This was intended to provide a long-term solution and remove the politically sensitive issue of Parliament having to debate the Civil List allowance every ten years . Subsequently , the Sovereign Grant Act allows for all future monarchs to simply extend these provisions for their reigns by Order in Council . The act does not imply any legal change on the nature of the estate 's ownership , but is simply a benchmark by which the sovereign grant is set as a grant by Parliament .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "99d6441a677152fad3a4f608b1eca0d7", "text": "One-nation conservatism One-nation conservatism ( also known as one-nationism , or Tory democracy ) is a form of British political conservatism that views society as organic and values paternalism and pragmatism . The phrase `` One-nation Tory '' originated with Benjamin Disraeli ( 1804 -- 1881 ) , who served as the chief Conservative spokesman and became Prime Minister in February 1868 . He devised it to appeal to working-class men as a solution to worsening divisions in society through introducing factory and health Acts , as well as greater protection for workers . As a political philosophy , one-nation conservatism reflects the belief that societies exist and develop organically , and that members within them have obligations towards each other . There is particular emphasis on the paternalistic obligation of those who are privileged and wealthy to the poorer parts of society . The ideology featured heavily during Disraeli 's terms in government , during which considerable social reforms were passed . Towards the end of the 19th century , the party moved away from paternalism in favour of free market capitalism , but fears of extremism during the interwar period caused the revival of one-nation conservatism . The philosophy continued to be held by the Conservative party throughout the post-war consensus , influencing the decision to maintain Labour government keynesian intervention in the economy , forming a welfare state and National Health Service . Later years saw the rise of the New Right , which attributed the country 's social and economic troubles to one-nation conservatism . David Cameron , former leader of the Conservative Party , named Disraeli as his favourite Conservative and some commentators and MPs have suggested that Cameron 's ideology contains an element of one-nationism . Other commentators have questioned the degree to which Cameron and his coalition have embodied One-Nation Conservatism , instead locating them in the intellectual tradition of Thatcherism . In 2016 , Cameron 's successor , Theresa May , referred to herself as a one-nation conservative in her first speech as prime minister and outlined her focus on social justice .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d4f3827bd9b297bb086fe126704cb4a5", "text": "Information Age The Information Age ( also known as the Computer Age , Digital Age , or New Media Age ) is a period in human history characterized by the shift from traditional industry that the Industrial Revolution brought through industrialization , to an economy based on information computerization . The onset of the Information Age is associated with the Digital Revolution , just as the Industrial Revolution marked the onset of the Industrial Age . The definition of what digital means ( or what information means ) continues to change over time as new technologies , user devices , methods of interaction with other humans and devices enter the domain of research , development and market launch . During the Information Age , the phenomenon is that the digital industry creates a knowledge-based society surrounded by a high-tech global economy that spans over its influence on how the manufacturing throughout and the service sector operate in an efficient and convenient way . In a commercialized society , the information industry is able to allow individuals to explore their personalized needs , therefore simplifying the procedure of making decisions for transactions and significantly lowering costs for both the producers and buyers . This is accepted overwhelmingly by participants throughout the entire economic activities for efficacy purposes , and new economic incentives would then be indigenously encouraged , such as the knowledge economy . The Information Age formed by capitalizing on computer microminiaturization advances . This evolution of technology in daily life and social organization has led to the fact that the modernization of information and communication processes has become the driving force of social evolution .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d6e8c6bbd8884f9248dbb0048235a30d", "text": "History of education in England The history of education in England can be documented to the Anglo-Saxons ' settlement of England . During the Middle Ages , schools were established to teach Latin grammar to the sons of the aristocracy , as part of preparation also for the entry of some into the clergy and religious orders . The church preserved literacy and learning during this period , and education was closely tied to the religious vocation , in order to read the Bible and related documents . Apprenticeship was the main way for youths to enter practical occupations . Two universities were established in affiliation with the church : the University of Oxford , followed by the University of Cambridge , both related closely to training for clergy . A reformed system of `` free grammar schools '' was established in the reign of Edward VI . The Protestant Reformation had a major influence on education and literacy in England , as it encouraged the reading of the Bible in the vernacular of the people . ( Formerly , the Bible was printed only in Latin , the official language of the Catholic Church . ) Counties in the east of England , which had frequent interaction with the Low Countries , where the Reformation movement had flourished , developed a higher rate of literacy in the early years of the Reformation than did other areas of England . In the 19th century the Church of England sponsored most formal education until the government established free , compulsory education towards the end of that century . University College London was established as the first secular college in England , open to students of all religions ( or none , ) followed by King 's College London ; the two institutions formed the University of London . Durham University was also established in the early nineteenth century . Towards the end of the century , the `` redbrick '' universities , new public universities , were founded . The 1944 Education Act established the Tripartite System of grammar schools and secondary modern schools . The school leaving age was raised to 16 in 1972 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c0428ce039db859733a2121c0cc7bad1", "text": "Pax Britannica Pax Britannica ( Latin for `` British Peace '' , modelled after Pax Romana ) was the period of relative peace in Europe ( 1815 -- 1914 ) during which the British Empire became the global hegemonic power and adopted the role of a global police force . Between 1815 and 1914 , a period referred to as Britain 's `` imperial century , '' around 10,000,000 sqmi of territory and roughly 400 million people were added to the British Empire . Victory over Napoleonic France left the British without any serious international rival , other than perhaps Russia in central Asia . When Russia tried expanding its influence in the Balkans , the British and French defeated it in the Crimean War ( 1854 -- 56 ) , thereby protecting the by-then feeble Ottoman Empire . Britain 's Royal Navy controlled most of the key maritime trade routes and enjoyed unchallenged sea power . Alongside the formal control it exerted over its own colonies , Britain 's dominant position in world trade meant that it effectively controlled access to many regions , such as Asia and Latin America . British merchants , shippers and bankers had such an overwhelming advantage over everyone else that in addition to its colonies it had an `` informal empire '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a5f5bb5a289506354b26e14cef325c22", "text": "Unionism in England In England , Unionism is a political ideology which favours the continuation of some form of political union between England and the other countries of the United Kingdom ( Scotland , Wales and Northern Ireland ) . It is part of the wider British unionist movement and is closely linked to the notion of Britishness . Unionism in England is characterised by both opposition to England 's independence as a separate state and the belief that Scotland , Wales and Northern Ireland should continue to be constituent countries of the Union .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "42edafb91d0d6bf41db9f8d91a17212c", "text": "Kingdom of Great Britain The United Kingdom of Great Britain , officially Great Britain , was a sovereign state in western Europe from 1 May 1707 to 31 December 1800 . The state came into being following the Treaty of Union in 1706 , ratified by the Acts of Union 1707 , which united the kingdoms of England and Scotland to form a single kingdom encompassing the whole island of Great Britain and its outlying islands . It did not include Ireland , which remained a separate realm . The unitary state was governed by a single parliament and government that was based in Westminster . The former kingdoms had been in personal union since James VI , King of Scots , became King of England and King of Ireland in 1603 following the death of Queen Elizabeth I , bringing about a `` Union of the Crowns '' . Also after the accession of George I to the throne of Great Britain in 1714 , the kingdom was in a personal union with the Electorate of Hanover . The early years of the unified kingdom were marked by Jacobite risings which ended in defeat for the Stuart cause at Culloden in 1746 . Later on in 1763 , victory in the Seven Years ' War led to the dominance of the British Empire , which was to become the foremost global power for over a century and later grew to become the largest empire in history . On 1 January 1801 , the kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland were merged to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland . In 1922 , five-sixths of Ireland seceded from the United Kingdom and the state was renamed the `` United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland '' -- a title it has retained to date .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0d5d258490bea006ea4e9e4256a1013e", "text": "English independence English independence is a political stance advocating secession of England , the largest and most populous country of the British Isles , from the United Kingdom . Support for secession of England has been influenced by the increasing devolution of political powers to Scotland , Wales and Northern Ireland , where independence from the United Kingdom is a prominent subject of political debate . English independence is seen by its advocates as a way to resolve the West Lothian question in British politics : Scottish , Welsh and Northern Irish MPs in the Parliament of the United Kingdom at Westminster can vote on matters affecting England , while English MPs do not have the same power over equivalent issues in Scotland , Wales and Northern Ireland , as these powers are devolved to the Scottish Parliament , Northern Ireland Assembly or the National Assembly for Wales . While some minor political parties have campaigned for English independence , all major UK-wide political parties adhere to the opposing view of British unionism , and oppose altering the constitutional status of England . Scottish demands for independence , rather than English demands , are seen as the most pressing threat to British unity ; Scotland voted against independence at the referendum on 18 September 2014 . and a second vote is proposed in late 2018 or early 2019 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "804db23614d605a8722d95b6e77599c3", "text": "British intelligence agencies The Government of the United Kingdom maintains intelligence agencies within several different government departments . The agencies are responsible for collecting and producing foreign and domestic intelligence , providing military intelligence , performing espionage and counter-espionage . Their intelligence assessments contribute to the conduct of the foreign relations of the United Kingdom , maintaining the national security of the United Kingdom , military planning and law enforcement in the United Kingdom . The three main agencies are the Secret Intelligence Service ( MI6 ) , the Security Service ( MI5 ) , and the Government Communications Headquarters . The history of the organisations goes back to the 19th century . The decryption of the Zimmermann Telegram in 1917 was described as the most significant intelligence triumph for Britain during World War I , and one of the earliest occasions on which a piece of signals intelligence influenced world events . During the Second World War and afterwards , many observers regarded Ultra as immensely valuable to the Allies of World War II . In the post-war period , intelligence cooperation between the United Kingdom and the United States became the cornerstone of Western intelligence gathering and the `` Special Relationship '' between the UK and the USA .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca83c2d7b16cc8fb1b88a8d89aa09ef2", "text": "United Kingdom company law The United Kingdom company law regulates corporations formed under the Companies Act 2006 . Also governed by the Insolvency Act 1986 , the UK Corporate Governance Code , European Union Directives and court cases , the company is the primary legal vehicle to organise and run business . Tracing their modern history to the late Industrial Revolution , public companies now employ more people and generate more of wealth in the United Kingdom economy than any other form of organisation . The United Kingdom was the first country to draft modern corporation statutes , where through a simple registration procedure any investors could incorporate , limit liability to their commercial creditors in the event of business insolvency , and where management was delegated to a centralised board of directors . An influential model within Europe , the Commonwealth and as an international standard setter , UK law has always given people broad freedom to design the internal company rules , so long as the mandatory minimum rights of investors under its legislation are complied with . Company law , or corporate law , can be broken down into two main fields . Corporate governance in the UK mediates the rights and duties among shareholders , employees , creditors and directors . Since the board of directors habitually possesses the power to manage the business under a company constitution , a central theme is what mechanisms exist to ensure directors ' accountability . UK law is `` shareholder friendly '' in that shareholders , to the exclusion of employees , typically exercise sole voting rights in the general meeting . The general meeting holds a series of minimum rights to change the company constitution , issue resolutions and remove members of the board . In turn , directors owe a set of duties to their companies . Directors must carry out their responsibilities with competence , in good faith and undivided loyalty to the enterprise . If the mechanisms of voting do not prove enough , particularly for minority shareholders , directors ' duties and other member rights may be vindicated in court . Of central importance in public and listed companies is the securities market , typified by the London Stock Exchange . Through the Takeover Code the UK strongly protects the right of shareholders to be treated equally and freely trade their shares . Corporate finance concerns the two money raising options for limited companies . Equity finance involves the traditional method of issuing shares to build up a company 's capital . Shares can contain any rights the company and purchaser wish to contract for , but generally grant the right to participate in dividends after a company earns profits and the right to vote in company affairs . A purchaser of shares is helped to make an informed decision directly by prospectus requirements of full disclosure , and indirectly through restrictions on financial assistance by companies for purchase of their own shares . Debt finance means getting loans , usually for the price of a fixed annual interest repayment . Sophisticated lenders , such as banks typically contract for a security interest over the assets of a company , so that in the event of default on loan repayments they may seize the company 's property directly to satisfy debts . Creditors are also , to some extent , protected by courts ' power to set aside unfair transactions before a company goes under , or recoup money from negligent directors engaged in wrongful trading . If a company is unable to pay its debts as they fall due , UK insolvency law requires an administrator to attempt a rescue of the company ( if the company itself has the assets to pay for this ) . If rescue proves impossible , a company 's life ends when its assets are liquidated , distributed to creditors and the company is struck off the register . If a company becomes insolvent with no assets it can be wound up by a creditor , for a fee ( not that common ) , or more commonly by the tax creditor ( HMRC ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d89bbb1f9116b51b874173b29cb1d629", "text": "Heath ministry Edward Heath , of the Conservative Party , formed the Heath ministry and became Prime Minister of the United Kingdom on 19 June 1970 , following the 18 June general election . Heath 's ministry ended after the February 1974 general election , which produced a hung parliament , leading to the formation of a minority government by Harold Wilson of the Labour Party . Heath had been elected leader of the Conservative Party in 1965 to succeed Alec Douglas Home , within a few months of the party 's election defeat after 13 years in government . His first general election as leader the following year ended in defeat as Wilson 's Labour government increased its majority . The Conservatives enjoyed a surge in support over the next two years as the British economy went through a period of fluctuation being growth and contraction , with unemployment rising significantly , but when Harold Wilson called a general election for June 1970 , the opinion polls all pointed towards a third successive Labour victory . It was a major surprise when the Conservatives won with a majority of 30 seats . The government of Edward Heath initially enjoyed a strong economy and relatively low unemployment , and by 1973 Britain had entered the European Economic Community . But then came the 1973 oil crisis , and just before Christmas , Heath declared a `` three day week '' in which the use of offices , factories and most public buildings was reduced to three days a week . He also faced a battle with the unions over pay freezes and restraints , which sparked a rise in strikes . The economy also entered a recession . Heath 's response in February 1974 was to call a general election , urging the voters to decide whether it was the government or the unions which ran Britain . The election on 28 February 1974 resulted in a hung parliament , in which the Tories had the most votes but Labour had the most seats . After talks with the Liberals about forming a coalition government failed , Labour formed a minority government on 4 March . A second general election was widely anticipated later in 1974 , and was called by Harold Wilson for 10 October , in which the Labour Party gained a three-seat majority . This meant that Wilson had now won four of the five general elections he had contested , while Heath had now lost three of his four general elections , and it seemed inevitable that his leadership would soon end .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b905ae3bf3c989333a96bd5623366f84", "text": "Post-industrial economy A post-industrial economy refers to a period of growth within an industrialized economy or nation in which the relative importance of manufacturing reduces and that of services , information , and research grows . Such economies are often marked by : A declining manufacturing sector , resulting in deindustrialization , a large service sector , and an increase in the amount of information technology , often leading to an `` information age '' . Information , knowledge , and creativity are the new raw materials of such an economy . The industry aspect of a post-industrial economy is sent into less developed nations which manufacture what is needed at lower costs ( see outsourcing ) . This occurrence is typical of nations that industrialized in the past such as the United States and most Western European countries .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e3a0132c80841796f26f0c293293b080", "text": "18th century The 18th century lasted from January 1 , 1701 to December 31 , 1800 in the Gregorian calendar . During the 18th century , the Enlightenment culminated in the French and American revolutions . Philosophy and science increased in prominence . Philosophers dreamed of a brighter age . This dream turned into a reality with the French Revolution of 1789 - , though later compromised by the excesses of the Reign of Terror ( 1793-1794 ) under Maximilien Robespierre . At first , many monarchies of Europe embraced Enlightenment ideals , but with the French Revolution they feared losing their power and formed broad coalitions for the counter-revolution . The Ottoman Empire experienced an unprecedented period of peace and economic expansion , taking part in no European wars from 1740 to 1768 . As a consequence the empire did not share in Europe 's military improvements during the Seven Years ' War ( 1756-1763 ) , causing its military to fall behind and suffer defeats against Russia in the second half of the century . The 18th century also marked the end of the Polish -- Lithuanian Commonwealth as an independent state . The once-powerful and vast kingdom , which had once conquered Moscow and defeated great Ottoman armies , collapsed under numerous invasions . Its semi-democratic government system was not robust enough to rival the neighboring monarchies of the Kingdom of Prussia , the Russian Empire and the Archduchy of Austria which divided the Commonwealth territories between themselves , changing the landscape of Central European politics for the next hundred years . European colonization of the Americas and other parts of the world intensified and associated mass migrations of people grew in size as the Age of Sail continued . Great Britain became a major power worldwide with the defeat of France in North America in the 1760s and the conquest of large parts of India . However , Britain lost many of its North American colonies after the American Revolution , which resulted in the formation of the newly independent United States of America . The Industrial Revolution started in Britain in the 1770s with the production of the improved steam engine . Despite its modest beginnings in the 18th century , steam-powered machinery would radically change human society and the environment . Western historians have occasionally defined the 18th century otherwise for the purposes of their work . For example , the `` short '' 18th century may be defined as 1715 -- 1789 , denoting the period of time between the death of Louis XIV of France and the start of the French Revolution , with an emphasis on directly interconnected events . To historians who expand the century to include larger historical movements , the `` long '' 18th century may run from the Glorious Revolution of 1688 to the Battle of Waterloo in 1815 or even later .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da1667b3653395b3623332156d06d8a3", "text": "New international division of labour In economics , the new international division of labor ( NIDL ) is an outcome of globalization . The term was coined by theorists seeking to explain the spatial shift of manufacturing industries from advanced capitalist countries to developing countries -- an ongoing geographic reorganization of production , which finds its origins in ideas about a global division of labor . It is a spatial division of labor which occurs when the process of production is no longer confined to national economies . Under the `` old '' international division of labor , until around 1970 , underdeveloped areas were incorporated into the world economy principally as suppliers of minerals and agricultural commodities . However , as developing economies are merged into the world economy , more production takes place in these economies . This has led to a trend of transference , or what is also known as the `` global industrial shift '' , in which production processes are relocated from developed countries ( such as the US , European countries , and Japan ) to developing countries in Asia ( such as China , Vietnam , and India ) and Latin America . This is because companies search for the cheapest locations to manufacture and assemble components , so low-cost labor-intensive parts of the manufacturing process are shifted to the developing world where costs are substantially lower . Companies do so by taking advantage of transportation and communications technology , as well as fragmentation and locational flexibility of production . From 1953 to the late 1990s , the industrialized economies ' share of world manufacturing output declined from 95 % to 77 % , and the developing economies ' share more than quadrupled from 5 % to 23 % . The resultant division of labor across continents closely follows the North -- South socio-economic and political divide , wherein the North -- with one quarter of the world population -- controls four fifths of the world income , while the South -- with three quarters of the world population -- has access to one fifth of the world income .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "196750fa372d3c990546068a0fbdf6ab", "text": "Proto-industrialization Proto-industrialization ( also spelled proto-industrialisation ) was a possible phase in the development of modern industrial economies that preceded , and created conditions for , the establishment of fully industrial societies . Proto-industrialisation is generally referred to the phase before industrialisation . Proto-industrialization was marked by the increasing involvement of agrarian families in market-oriented craft production , mainly through the putting-out system organized by merchant capitalists . It was an effective method of production which was controlled by merchants and had links to developing European consumerism . However , the phase was not observed across Europe , and nor did it always smoothly transition into the Industrial Revolution proper . The term was coined by F. F. Mendels in 1972 , though a UNESCO colloquium on the 10th anniversary of the deaths of Einstein and Teilhard de Chardin and published in 1971 discusses `` the basis for proto-industrialization '' . The applicability of proto-industrialization in Europe has since been challenged . M.J. Daunton , for example , argues that proto-industrialisation `` excludes too much '' to fully explain the expansion of industry : not only do proponents of proto-industrialisation ignore the vital town-based industries in pre-industrial economies , but also ignores `` rural and urban industry based upon non-domestic organisation , '' referring to how mines , mills , forges and furnaces fit into the agrarian economy . Initially using surplus labor available during slow periods of the agricultural seasons , proto-industrialization led to specialization - not only in industrial production but also in commercial agricultural production . This allowed reciprocal trade favored by regional economies of scale . It resulted in accumulation of capital and in the acquisition of entrepreneurial skills by merchant capitalists , which facilitated the development of large-scale , and capital-intensive production methods in the full industrialization phase that followed . Proto-industrialization sparked social changes in traditional agrarian societies that would become more marked during full industrialization , such as greater independence of women and children , who gained a means of income separate from the family subsistence farm . During this phase of industrialisation , machines were not used . They were not even invented at that time . People could only use their hands or any hand-made material to produce required goods .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e21da5415e4db6432fe54fc5461b3bb", "text": "Politics of Wales Politics in Wales forms a distinctive polity in the wider politics of the United Kingdom , with Wales as one of the four constituent countries of the United Kingdom ( UK ) . Constitutionally , the United Kingdom is de jure a unitary state with one sovereign parliament and government . However , under a system of devolution ( or home rule ) adopted in the late 1990s three of the four constituent parts of the United Kingdom , Wales , Scotland and Northern Ireland , voted for limited self-government , subject to the ability of the UK Parliament in Westminster , nominally at will , to amend , change , broaden or abolish the national governmental systems . As such the National Assembly for Wales ( Cynulliad Cenedlaethol Cymru ) is not de jure sovereign . Executive power in the United Kingdom is vested in the Queen-in-Council , while legislative power is vested in the Queen-in-Parliament ( the Crown and the Parliament of the United Kingdom at Westminster in London ) . The Government of Wales Act 1998 established devolution in Wales , and certain executive and legislative powers have been constitutionally delegated to the National Assembly for Wales . The scope of these powers was further widened by the Government of Wales Act 2006 .", "title": "" } ]
fever
dc2b2ceca6fe74a2f375b7d5ae4058a8
David Hasselhoff starred in Baywatch.
[ { "docid": "8e1091c69d462da09903504fbae98586", "text": "David Hasselhoff David Michael Hasselhoff ( born July 17 , 1952 ) , nicknamed `` The Hoff '' , is an American actor , singer , producer , and businessman , who set a Guinness World Record as the most watched man on TV . He first gained recognition on The Young and The Restless , playing Dr. Snapper Foster . His career continued with his leading role as Michael Knight on Knight Rider and as L.A. County Lifeguard Mitch Buchannon in the series Baywatch . Hasselhoff produced Baywatch from the 1990s until 2001 when the series ended with Baywatch Hawaii . On screen , he appeared in films including Click , Dodgeball , The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie , and Hop . In 2000 , he made his Broadway debut in the musical Jekyll & Hyde . Following his debut , he starred in other musicals including Chicago and The Producers .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "bb3e0b67033acb2c059057b9e89d79ae", "text": "David Hodges (CSI) David Hodges is a fictional character on the CBS crime drama , CSI : Crime Scene Investigation , portrayed by Wallace Langham . Hodges has a habit of giving far more information than anyone wants to hear while explaining things and is very afraid of germs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "574b707fd36c1d91314092f0440c4bd4", "text": "David Chase David Chase ( born August 22 , 1945 ) is an American writer , director and television producer . Chase has worked in television for 40 years ; he has produced and written for such shows as The Rockford Files , I 'll Fly Away , and Northern Exposure . He has created two original series ; the first , Almost Grown , aired for 10 episodes in 1988 and 1989 . Chase is best known for his second original series , the influential and critically acclaimed HBO drama The Sopranos , which aired for six seasons between 1999 and 2007 . A prominent figure in American television , Chase has won seven Emmy Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "20e05902ce2f2de46d2e6c0131e45c0f", "text": "Michael Fassbender filmography Michael Fassbender is a German-Irish actor who made his screen debut in the 2001 war drama miniseries Band of Brothers as Sgt. Burton `` Pat '' Christenson . Fassbender followed this with a number of television roles including a German motorcycle courier in the drama Hearts and Bones ( 2001 ) , Guy Fawkes in the miniseries Gunpowder , Treason & Plot ( 2004 ) , Lt. Harry Colebourn in the film A Bear Named Winnie ( 2004 ) , and Azazeal in the series Hex ( 2004 -- 05 ) . He made his film debut playing a Spartan soldier in Zack Snyder 's 300 ( 2007 ) . The following year Fassbender portrayed Irish republican Bobby Sands during the events of the 1981 Irish hunger strike in Steve McQueen 's historical drama Hunger . His performance garnered him the Best Actor award at the British Independent Film Awards , and the Irish Film and Television Awards . Fassbender appeared as a British soldier in Quentin Tarantino-directed film Inglourious Basterds ( 2009 ) . Two years later , he played Carl Jung in David Cronenberg 's A Dangerous Method , and a man suffering with sex addiction in McQueen 's Shame . His performance in the latter earned him the Volpi Cup for Best Actor at the Venice Film Festival . In the same year he also appeared in superhero film X-Men : First Class as Magneto . In 2013 , Fassbender reteamed with McQueen on the period drama 12 Years a Slave . For his role as a slave owner in the film he received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor . The following year , he reprised his role as Magneto in the superhero sequel X-Men : Days of Future Past which grossed a box-office total of over $ 747 million -- his highest grossing release as of April 2016 . In 2015 , he appeared as the title character in Justin Kurzel 's film adaptation of the play Macbeth . In the same year , Fassbender 's portrayal of Steve Jobs in Danny Boyle 's eponymous film garnered him a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "114169e0b12f9e6fd1daf724ed9bd223", "text": "Brian Austin Green Brian Austin Green ( born Brian Green ; July 15 , 1973 ) is an American actor best known for his portrayal of David Silver on the television series Beverly Hills , 90210 ( 1990 -- 2000 ) . Green has also had series regular roles in Terminator : The Sarah Connor Chronicles ( as Derek Reese ) , Freddie , Wedding Band , and Anger Management , as well as guest starring roles on Smallville ( as Metallo ) and Desperate Housewives , playing the love interest of Bree Van de Kamp .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f5db3215c00e274f85e7b4dfb2e20685", "text": "Bop Gun (Homicide: Life on the Street) `` Bop Gun '' is the second season premiere of the American police drama television series Homicide : Life on the Street , and the tenth overall episode of the series . It originally aired on NBC in the United States on January 6 , 1994 . In the episode , the Baltimore homicide unit investigates the shooting death of the wife of a tourist , played by guest star Robin Williams . The episode was written by David Mills and David Simon based on a story by executive producer Tom Fontana , and directed by Stephen Gyllenhaal . In response to network feedback and poor ratings from the first season , `` Bop Gun '' marked several changes in the series , including a less bleak visual style and a greater focus on one plot , rather than multiple subplots . It was also the first episode to focus primarily on a homicide victim , rather than on the detectives . Simon felt the dialogue was realistic , especially that of the dark humor employed by detectives as a coping mechanism for dealing with the horrors of the job . Williams previously worked with Homicide executive producer Barry Levinson on the films Good Morning , Vietnam ( 1987 ) and Toys ( 1992 ) . This led to speculation that Williams took the role on `` Bop Gun '' as a favor to Levinson , but the actor insisted it was out of admiration for the series itself . A young Jake Gyllenhaal , the son of the episode 's director , makes an appearance as Williams ' son . The episode was the first to feature Chris Tergesen as music coordinator , which resulted in the use of more songs than previous episodes , including `` Killer '' by Seal and `` Feels Like Rain '' by Buddy Guy . `` Bop Gun '' was seen by 16.3 million viewers , one of the highest Nielsen ratings of the week , thanks in large part due to interest in Williams ' appearance . The episode received generally positive reviews , with several particularly complimenting the dramatic performance by Williams . `` Bop Gun '' won a Writers Guild of America Award for Best Screenplay of an Episodic Drama . Williams also received an Emmy Award nomination for Guest Actor in a Drama Series . The episode , along with the rest of the first and second seasons of Homicide : Life on the Street was released on DVD in the United States on May 27 , 2003 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd8f7076a600ac97975bbf0d5c923cbe", "text": "The Bulkin Trail The Bulkin Trail is a 1992 , 25 minute Christmas short directed by Michael J. Nathanson . The movie stars David Hasselhoff and centers around a man named Dimitri and his younger sister , Evelyn . In 1994 , the film was nominated for a Young Artist Award for Outstanding Family TV Special , M.O.W. or Mini-Series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "628047b742ff829101b0e30c15010d12", "text": "David W. Zucker David W. Zucker is President of Television for Scott Free , and Executive Producer of the landmark series adaptation of Philip K. Dick 's classic `` The Man in the High Castle '' for Amazon , esteemed Civil War medical drama `` Mercy Street '' on PBS , the forthcoming first season of the Amazon half-hour action-comedy starring Jean-Claude Van Damme as `` Jean-Claude Van Johnson , '' the AMC anthological psychological thriller `` The Terror , '' `` The Good Fight , '' the widely acclaimed CBS all-access spin-off of `` The Good Wife , '' and `` Killing Reagan , '' the fourth in the acclaimed National Geographic channel series of `` Killing '' telefilms ( which include `` Killing Jesus '' and `` Killing Kennedy , '' both Emmy-nominated , plus the docudrama `` Killing Lincoln '' ) . During his tenure , Scott Free has produced a steady stream of highly acclaimed programs including the Emmy and Golden Globe-nominated , Peabody-winning drama , `` The Good Wife , '' which recently concluded its 7th and final season on CBS , as well as `` Numb3rs , '' which ran for six successful seasons on the same network . Notable long form programs include `` Klondike '' for Discovery , the Emmy and Golden Globe-nominated `` The Pillars of the Earth '' for Starz , `` World Without End '' for Reelz , Emmy-nominated `` Into the Storm '' for HBO , Emmy-nominated `` The Andromeda Strain '' and `` Coma '' for A&E , the Golden Globe-nominated `` The Company '' at TNT and a feature-length digital series for X-Box/Microsoft , `` Halo : Nightfall . '' Acclaimed non-fiction programs include `` Crimes of the Century '' and the Emmy-winning documentary special `` Gettysburg '' for History Channel . Previously , Zucker worked as a Story Editor on the CBS series , Judging Amy , wrote pilot scripts for CBS and ABC , as well as various stage plays , and served as VP of Drama Series for CBS in addition to VP of Drama Series & Current Programs at Warner Bros. . TV .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a3c6bda5f232b3d5e10d42dd0aae2f8", "text": "David Nutter David Nutter ( born 1960 ) is an American television and film director and television producer . He is best known for directing pilot episodes for television . In 2015 , he received a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing for a Drama Series , for his work on the HBO series , Game of Thrones .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3839685cf04d9de6f6908dec2212a43f", "text": "The Benchwarmers The Benchwarmers is a 2006 American sports-comedy film directed by Dennis Dugan . It stars Rob Schneider , David Spade , and Jon Heder . It is produced by Revolution Studios and Happy Madison Productions and is distributed by Columbia Pictures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "332d2db633c5190468187e9940b06c94", "text": "David Rudd David Rudd ( born March 13 , 1959 ) is an American cinematographer . He has been nominated for 4 Emmy Awards and 1 MTV Award for Cinematography .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "08179929bdde5b44cf8e90a213adb06a", "text": "Beverly Hills Cop III Beverly Hills Cop III is a 1994 American action comedy film starring Eddie Murphy and directed by John Landis , who had previously worked with Murphy on Trading Places and Coming to America . It is the third film in the Beverly Hills Cop trilogy , and a sequel to Beverly Hills Cop II . Murphy again plays Detroit cop Axel Foley , who once again returns to Beverly Hills , California , to stop a gang of counterfeiters who are responsible for the death of his boss . Foley teams up with his friend , Beverly Hills detective Billy Rosewood ( Judge Reinhold ) , and his investigation leads him to an amusement park known as Wonder World . The film features a number of cameo appearances by well-known film personalities , including Robert B. Sherman , Arthur Hiller , John Singleton , Joe Dante , special effects legend Ray Harryhausen , and George Lucas as a ride patron . Beverly Hills Cop III was released on May 25 , 1994 and grossed $ 42 million in the United States , and over $ 77 million in the foreign box office . The film was considered by critics and Murphy himself as the weakest film in the series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "68fb86fb125294b15cb2af8a748a6f8a", "text": "L.A. Law L.A. Law is an American television legal drama series that ran for eight seasons on NBC , from September 15 , 1986 , to May 19 , 1994 . Created by Steven Bochco and Terry Louise Fisher , it contained many of Bochco 's trademark features including an ensemble cast , large number of parallel storylines , social drama , and off-the-wall humor . It reflected the social and cultural ideologies of the 1980s and early 1990s , and many of the cases featured on the show dealt with hot-topic issues such as capital punishment , abortion , racism , gay rights , homophobia , sexual harassment , AIDS , and domestic violence . The series often also reflected social tensions between the wealthy senior lawyer protagonists and their less well-paid junior staff . In addition to its main cast , L.A. Law was also well known for featuring then relatively unknown actors and actresses in guest starring roles , who later went on to greater success in film and television including : Don Cheadle , Jeffrey Tambor , Kathy Bates , David Schwimmer , Jay O. Sanders , James Avery , Gates McFadden , Bryan Cranston , C.C.H. Pounder , Kevin Spacey , Richard Schiff , Carrie-Anne Moss , William H. Macy , Stephen Root , Christian Slater , and Lucy Liu . Several episodes of the show also included celebrities such as Vanna White , Buddy Hackett and Mamie Van Doren appearing as themselves in cameo roles . The show was popular with audiences and critics , and won 15 Emmy Awards throughout its run , four of which were for Outstanding Drama Series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ecff1f9421be4c5e3f626e3a03c2991", "text": "The Heist (1989 film) The Heist is a 1989 HBO made-for-TV movie , starring Pierce Brosnan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c1424f0bc1996260e95969968fd3ffff", "text": "Stephanie Langhoff Stephanie Langhoff is an American film and television producer . She is the president of Duplass Brothers Productions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7fd666059a1475c42e531a3b54b3dbcd", "text": "Death Warrant (film) Death Warrant is a 1990 American action crime mystery-thriller film directed by Deran Sarafian and produced by Mark DiSalle . The film was written by David S. Goyer while a student at USC , and was Goyer 's first screenplay to be sold and produced commercially . In the film , the police detective Louis Burke is going into a prison facility at California as an undercover cop in order to find out who stands behind a mysterious series of murders , and finds himself locked up with his arch-nemesis ; Christian Naylor , a psychotic serial killer who calls himself `` The Sandman '' whom sets out to exact revenge upon him after getting into prison . Death Warrant was released on September 14 , 1990 . Upon its release , the film grossed $ 46 million against production budget of only $ 6 million . The film received general mixed to poor critical reaction from critics who found the direction , its storyline , villain , and the plot poor , but highly praised the acting as well as the action scenes and the thrilling atmosphere .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1333396c5c79152a8a6bf303e0e30095", "text": "The Texas Chainsaw Massacre (2003 film) The Texas Chainsaw Massacre is a 2003 American slasher film , and a remake of The Texas Chain Saw Massacre . The fifth entry in the Texas Chainsaw Massacre franchise , the film was directed by Marcus Nispel , written by Scott Kosar , and produced by Michael Bay . It was also co-produced by Kim Henkel and Tobe Hooper , co-creators of the original 1974 film . TCM is the first of many horror remakes to come from Michael Bay 's Platinum Dunes production company which also released the remakes The Amityville Horror , The Hitcher , Friday the 13th , and A Nightmare on Elm Street . Though met with negative reception from critics , the film was well received by fans , and grossed $ 107 million worldwide above its $ 9.5 million budget , making it a strong financial success . A prequel was released in 2006 , titled The Texas Chainsaw Massacre : The Beginning .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ebdfa36d7fb64bda808750013a40e4ac", "text": "David Morse (actor) David Bowditch Morse ( born October 11 , 1953 ) is an American actor , singer , director and writer . He first came to national attention as Dr. Jack `` Boomer '' Morrison in the medical drama series St. Elsewhere ( 1982 -- 88 ) . He continued his film career with roles in The Negotiator , Contact , The Green Mile , Disturbia , The Long Kiss Goodnight , The Rock and 12 Monkeys . In 2006 , Morse had a recurring role as Detective Michael Tritter on the medical drama series House , for which he received an Emmy Award nomination . He portrayed George Washington in the 2008 HBO miniseries John Adams , which garnered him a second Emmy nomination . He has also received acclaim for his portrayal of Uncle Peck on the Off-Broadway play How I Learned to Drive , earning a Drama Desk Award and Obie Award . He had success on Broadway too , portraying James `` Sharky '' Harkin in The Seafarer . From 2010 to 2013 , he portrayed Terry Colson , an honest police officer in a corrupt New Orleans police department , on the HBO series Treme . He currently stars in the WGN America series Outsiders .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d6ab1fb7f2e447120e78f1c0641bf024", "text": "James Paxton (actor) James Paxton ( born February 23 , 1994 ) is an American actor . He is known for co-starring in the USA drama series Eyewitness as Lukas Waldenbeck . He switched from journalism to film in college before he moved to Los Angeles to pursue a career in acting . He is the son of the late actor Bill Paxton .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "91795d5ade61606e29970492235c8d4a", "text": "David McCallum David Keith McCallum , Jr. ( born 19 September 1933 ) is a Scottish-born American actor and musician . He first gained recognition in the 1960s for playing Russian spy Illya Kuryakin in the television series The Man from U.N.C.L.E. and as interdimensional operative Steel in Sapphire & Steel . In recent years , McCallum has gained renewed international recognition and popularity for his role as NCIS medical examiner Dr. Donald `` Ducky '' Mallard in the American television series NCIS .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4e29517648c01e1e581e4268fd7e95f", "text": "Die Hard with a Vengeance Die Hard with a Vengeance is a 1995 American action film and the third in the Die Hard film series . It was co-produced and directed by John McTiernan ( who directed Die Hard ) , written by Jonathan Hensleigh , and stars Bruce Willis as New York City Police Department Lieutenant John McClane , Samuel L. Jackson as McClane 's reluctant partner Zeus Carver , and Jeremy Irons as Simon Peter Gruber . It was released on May 19 , 1995 , five years after Die Hard 2 , becoming the highest-grossing film at the worldwide box-office that year , but received mixed reviews . It was followed by Live Free or Die Hard and A Good Day to Die Hard in 2007 and 2013 , respectively .", "title": "" } ]
fever
ea2fbb9b01291affd61a7e30ef37d550
Mithun Chakraborty is in Tahader Katha, a film from 1992.
[ { "docid": "74efcc3d348e3e646c075dca44b050f2", "text": "Mithun Chakraborty Gourang Chakraborty ( born 16 June 1950 ) , better known by his stage name Mithun Chakraborty ; informally referred to as Mithun Da , is an Indian film actor , singer , producer , writer , social worker , entrepreneur and a Rajya Sabha Member of Parliament . He is the recipient of three National Film Awards . He made his acting debut with the art house drama Mrigayaa ( 1976 ) , for which he won his first National Film Award for Best Actor . He began his career as a junior actor and went on to establish himself as one of the biggest stars in Bollywood . He is recognized as one of the best `` dancing-heroes '' in Bollywood with his `` Disco and Desi '' fusion-style dancing that is popular among the masses . Chakraborty is best remembered for his role as Jimmy in the movie Disco Dancer which was a superhit in India and also in many other countries in the world , especially Russia . In Russia , Chakraborty and Raj Kapoor are the most popular Indian actors . Besides ` Disco Dancer ' , Chakraborty is best remembered for his performance in films like Suraksha , Saahas , Wardat , Pyar Jhukta Nahi , Dance Dance and Agneepath . In 1991 , he won the Filmfare Best Supporting Actor award for his role as Krishnan Iyer Nariyal paniwala for the movie Agneepath . He later won two more National Film Awards for his performances in Tahader Katha ( 1992 ) and Swami Vivekananda ( 1998 ) . Chakraborty has appeared in more than 350 films including Bengali , Odia , Bhojpuri , Telugu and Punjabi pictures . Chakraborty owns the Monarch Group , which has interests in the hospitality sector and educational sector . He has also started the production house Paparatzy Productions In 1992 , he along with Dilip Kumar and Sunil Dutt , set up a trust to help needy actors called Cine & T.V Artistes Association ( CINTAA ) . He was also the Chairperson of Film Studios Setting & Allied Mazdoor Union which take care the welfare of cine workers and resolve their demands and problems . The Television show Dance India Dance where Chakraborty is the Grandmaster has already entered in Limca Book of Records and Guinness World Records Chakraborty played a crucial role of mediator between Pranab Mukherjee and Mamata Banerjee , winning the Congressman the support of the Trinamool chief in the 2012 presidential election . A comic book named Jimmy Zhingchak has been made based on Chakraborty .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "be904a4859247a01e7da0e36a064aedb", "text": "Jigar Jigar is a 1992 Bollywood martial arts action film directed by Farogh Siddique . It was inspired by the 1989 Hollywood movie Kickboxer . Jigar was released during Diwali weekend and proved to be successful . It was Ajay Devgn 's second success after Phool Aur Kaante and premiered at the Plaza cinema , Mumbai .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3f5e7b4bcc9ed9c0d1ebaf6e3c06934a", "text": "Taqrar Taqrar is a Bollywood film . It was released in 1944 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd9d68abe63ec97adb70b5fc30ed87cc", "text": "Rang Rang ( English : Colours , Hindi : रंग , Urdu : رنگ , ) is a 1993 Bollywood romance film , produced by Mansoor Ahmed Siddiqui on ANAS Films banner and directed by Talat Jani . Starring Kamal Sadanah and Divya Bharti in the lead roles and Jeetendra , Amrita Singh and Ayesha Jhulka in the supporting roles and music composed by Nadeem-Shravan . Leading actress Divya Bharti died three months before the film was released and it was dedicated to her memory . The film was recorded as hit at the box office . This was also Amrita Singh 's last film before her decade long hiatus from acting .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "df159dbd0bef491b9736c9095d44fa36", "text": "Aditya Pancholi Aditya Pancholi ( born Nirmal Pancholi , 12 September 1965 ) is an Indian film actor , producer and playback singer who appears in Bollywood films . He started his career as a lead actor but found more success with supporting and negative roles and received a Filmfare nomination for the Best Performance in a Negative Role for Yes Boss ( 1997 ) . Pancholi began his career with television movies produced by Nari Hira and ventured into mainstream Bollywood cinema with Sasti Dulhan Mehnga Dulha ( 1986 ) . Pancholi first came to limelight with an important role in Maha-Sangram ( 1990 ) . He had the peak of his career between the late 1980s and early 1990s . He initially gave critically acclaimed performances as a lead actor in films like Kab Tak Chup Rahungi ( 1988 ) , Qatil ( 1988 ) , Kahan Hai Kanoon ( 1989 ) , Sailaab ( 1990 ) , Laal Paree ( 1991 ) , Naamcheen ( 1991 ) , Yaad Rakhegi Duniya ( 1992 ) , Chor Aur Chaand ( 1993 ) and Surakshaa ( 1995 ) but failed to find commercial success . His biggest commercial success as a lead actor and his most well-known performance was in Mahesh Bhatt 's Saathi ( 1991 ) . After failing to make a mark as a lead actor , Pancholi became a supporting actor in multi-starrer movies like Ladaai ( 1988 ) , Jaadugar ( 1989 ) , Aatish : Feel the Fire ( 1994 ) and Aankhen ( 2002 ) and became synonymous for negative roles in movies like Awwal Number ( 1990 ) , Jung ( 1996 ) , Khilona ( 1996 ) , Yes Boss ( 1997 ) , Hameshaa ( 1997 ) , Jung ( 2000 ) and Musafir ( 2004 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "42417d18d20fc5f28aa6a1ec46923760", "text": "Kismetwala Kismetwala is a 1986 Bollywood Indian action film directed by S D Narang , starring Mithun Chakraborty , Ranjeeta Kaur and Asha Parekh .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "15de4fea6d1defb9167a6e11108320bb", "text": "Cinema of India The cinema of India consists of films produced across India . Cinema as a medium has gained immense popularity in the country and as many as 1,600 films in various languages of India are produced annually . Indian films have also come to be followed throughout South Asia , the Greater Middle East , Southeast Asia and other countries . Dadasaheb Phalke is known as the `` father of Indian cinema '' . The Dadasaheb Phalke Award , for lifetime contribution to cinema , was instituted in his honour , by the Government of India in 1969 , and is the most prestigious and coveted award in Indian cinema . In the 20th century , Indian cinema , along with the Hollywood and Chinese film industries , became a global enterprise . As of 2013 , in terms of annual film output , India ranks first , followed by Nollywood , Hollywood and China . In 2012 , India produced 1,602 feature films . The Indian film industry reached overall revenues of $ 1.86 billion ( 93 billion ) in 2011 . This is projected to rise to $ 3 billion ( 200 billion ) in 2016 . In 2015 , India had a total box office gross of , the fourth largest in the world outside North America . Enhanced technology paved the way for upgrading from established cinematic norms of delivering product , altering the manner in which content reached the target audience . Biopics like Dangal and CGI-laden epics like Baahubali emerged as transnational blockbusters grossing over $ 200 million each in early 21st century . Indian cinema found markets in over 90 countries where films from India are screened . The Indian government extended film delegations to foreign countries such as the United States of America and Japan while the country 's Film Producers Guild sent similar missions through Europe . The provision of 100 % foreign direct investment has made the Indian film market attractive for foreign enterprises such as 20th Century Fox , Sony Pictures , Walt Disney Pictures and Warner Bros. . Indian enterprises such as AVM Productions , Prasad 's Group , Sun Pictures , PVP Cinemas , Zee , UTV , Suresh Productions , Eros Films , Ayngaran International , Pyramid Saimira , Aascar Films and Adlabs also participated in producing and distributing films . Tax incentives to multiplexes have aided the multiplex boom in India . By 2003 as many as 30 film production companies had been listed in the National Stock Exchange of India , making the commercial presence of the medium felt . The South Indian film industry defines the four film cultures of South India as a single entity . They are the Telugu , the Tamil , the Malayalam and the Kannada industries . Although developed independently over a long period , gross exchange of film performers and technicians as well as globalisation helped to shape this new identity . The Indian diaspora consists of millions of Indians overseas for which films are made available both through media such as DVDs and by screening of films in their country of residence wherever commercially feasible . These earnings , accounting for some 12 % of the revenue generated by a mainstream film , contribute substantially to the overall revenue of Indian cinema , the net worth of which was found to be 1.3 billion in 2000 . Music in Indian cinema is another substantial revenue generator with the music rights alone accounting for 4 -- 5 % of the net revenues generated by a film in India .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2d740a610cc149937840fd0b92632572", "text": "Raj Chakraborty Raj Chakraborty ( রাজ চক্রবর্তী born 1975 ) is an Indian film director and actor based in Tollywood . A person from middle-class family background , he was born in Halisahar , West Bengal . He graduated from Rishi Bankim Chandra Colleges , Naihati . He is one of the most successful filmmakers in Tollywood . He is also currently the most profitable director in Tollywood . Before directing his debut film , he was busy in Bengali TV , Zee Bangla 's famous laughter show Mirakkel and the dance program Dance Bangla Dance judged by Mithun Chakraborty and hosted by Tathoi and Aritra . Mirakkel was hosted by Mir . Now he is busy in directing Star Jalsha 's laughter program I Laugh You , assisting mega serial-maker Arindam Dey . He went solo with the telefilm Noder Chaand after assisting Dey for a couple of years . He has made 18 telefilms since . Raj 's biggest small screen venture was with the hit comedy show Mirakkel that airs on Zee Bangla .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "62c14685dbf01980eedf3f65ae4dabbd", "text": "Tyagi (film) Tyagi is a 1992 Hindi-language Indian feature film produced directed by K. C. Bokadia , starring Rajinikanth , Jayaprada , Prem Chopra , Gulshan Grover and Shakti Kapoor . Jayaprada plays the lead role as the love interest of Rajinikanth . The film is a remake of the 1991 Tamil film Dharma Durai starring Rajinikanth and Gautami which itself was a remake of the 1989 Kannada movie Deva . Bhagyashree of Maine Pyar Kiya fame , also plays an important role with her real life husband Himalaya Dasani as her screen pair .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3c9574f6ca657b073e14a8dd9dfa273c", "text": "Patang (film) Patang ( English : The Kite ) is a 1993 Indian Hindi drama film directed by Goutam Ghose , starring Shabana Azmi , Shafiq Syed , Om Puri and Rabi Ghosh . It is set in small railway station near Gaya and shows the lives of people in illegal slums near it . The film was shot in Gaya and Manpur in Bihar . At the 41st National Film Awards ( for 1993 ) , Patang won the award for Best Feature Film in Hindi . At the Taormina Film Fest , Shabana Azmi won the Best Actress Award . Child actor Shafiq Syed , who played the lead role of Krishna ( Chaipau ) in Mira Nair 's Academy Award-nominated film Salaam Bombay ! ( 1988 ) , acted in the film . This was the only other one he did .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d0adfb5409d8705fccd18b262b063946", "text": "Chamayam Chamayam may refer to : Chamayam ( 1981 film ) , a Malayalam-language film directed by Sathyan Anthikkad , starring Kamalahasan and Ambika Chamayam ( 1993 film ) , a Malayalam-language film directed by Bharathan , starring Manoj K Jayan and Sithara", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a030487b900b95d9a8a1c2c924fd50e5", "text": "Tahader Katha Tahader Katha ( English : Their story ) is a 1992 award-winning Bengali-language Indian drama film directed by Budhhadeb Dasgupta , starring Mithun Chakraborty , who won the 1993 National Film Awards for Best Actor for the film , while the film won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Bengali .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a401dfc2c018acab9ef39299f3bcaffd", "text": "Baari Tar Bangla Baari Tar Bangla is a 2014 Indian Bengali language satirical comedy film by Rangan Chakravarty and produced by Satrajit Sen and Piyal Bhadra in association with Reproduction Entertainment Pvt. Ltd. and Tripod Entertainment . The film was released on 16 May 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bbfc4b4dfb9cde5fb77138258be9e685", "text": "Bhagya Chakra (2005 film) Bhagya Chakra is a 2005 Oriya film directed by Basanta Sau . It stars Anubhab Mohanty , Barsa Priyadarshini and Anu Chowdhury .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea5df76380aeb06bc1da4975bf11cf6b", "text": "Naaraaz (1994 film) Naaraaz is a 1994 Hindi-language Indian feature film directed by Mahesh Bhatt , starring Mithun Chakraborty , Pooja Bhatt , Atul Agnihotri , Sonali Bendre and Gulshan Grover .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "493abd8f3141aff583ad2598d0014ab9", "text": "Tolly Lights Tolly Lights ( টলি লাইট `` Tolly Lights '' ) is a 2008 Bengali-language Indian feature film directed by Arjun Chakraborty , starring Sreelekha Mitra , Abhishek Chatterjee , Priyadarshini Chatterjee and Arjun Chakraborty in lead roles . The Film is based on the novel `` Rangeen Prithibi '' by Suchitra Bhattacharya .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "980ac4a425653c38c5c9dc9f3803d900", "text": "Game: He Plays To Win Game is a 2014 action thriller Bengali film choreographed and directed by Baba Yadav and produced and distributed by Reliance Entertainment . The film features actors Jeet , Subhasree Ganguly and Saurav Chakraborty in the lead roles . Music of the film has been composed by Jeet Ganguly . The film is a remake of the 2012 Tamil film Thuppakki . The film released to positive reviews from critics and went on to become a blockbuster .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "32f8708164eca99e0fc26673fa7ca773", "text": "Bees Saal Baad Bees Saal Baad may refer to : Bees Saal Baad ( 1962 film ) , starring Biswajeet and Waheeda Rehman Bees Saal Baad ( 1988 film ) , starring Mithun Chakraborty , Dimple Kapadia and Meenakshi Sheshadri", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5637b5ee063c13f0e55fd24b2ad0f68a", "text": "Paap Ki Kamaee Paap Ki Kamaee is a 1990 Hindi-language Indian feature film directed by Kawal Sharma , starring Mithun Chakraborty , Sangeeta Bijlani , Shilpa Shirodkar , Ektaa Bahl and Prem Chopra", "title": "" }, { "docid": "46dd24df4cd62f545ab9f300941fc14a", "text": "Kab Tak Chup Rahungi Kab Tak Chup Rahungi is a 1988 Hindi-language Indian feature film directed by T. Prakash Rao , starring Aditya Pancholi , Amala and Kiran Kumar in lead roles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b79e8f4b54ba6c68bfbf5e5bae5dabbd", "text": "Pardesi (1993 film) Pardesi is a 1993 Hindi-language Indian feature film directed by Raj N Sippy , starring Mithun Chakraborty , Varsha Usgaonkar , Shakti Kapoor , Sumalatha and Suresh Oberoi . Dialogues of this movie was highly appreciated written by Iqbal Durrani", "title": "" } ]
fever
694e2efa8e6dbcd75a316618a567fd11
Kazakhstan is located in Australia.
[ { "docid": "1d4fda23bc1d5fb4d0e44546173cb118", "text": "Kazakhstan Kazakhstan ( -LSB- USkæzækˈstæn , _ ˌkɑːzɑːkˈstɑːn -RSB- , -LSB- ˌkæzəkˈstɑːn , _ - ˈstæn -RSB- Қазақстан , tr . Qazaqstan , -LSB- qɑzɑqˈstɑn -RSB- ; Казахстан , tr . Kazakhstan ) , officially the Republic of Kazakhstan ( Қазақстан Республикасы , tr . Qazaqstan Respwblïkası ; Республика Казахстан , tr . Respublika Kazakhstan ) , is a transcontinental country in northern Central Asia and Eastern Europe . Kazakhstan is the world 's largest landlocked country , and the ninth largest in the world , with an area of 2,724,900 km ² . Kazakhstan is the dominant nation of Central Asia economically , generating 60 % of the region 's GDP , primarily through its oil/gas industry . It also has vast mineral resources . Kazakhstan is officially a democratic , secular , unitary , constitutional republic with a diverse cultural heritage . Kazakhstan shares borders with Russia , China , Kyrgyzstan , Uzbekistan , and Turkmenistan , and also adjoins a large part of the Caspian Sea . The terrain of Kazakhstan includes flatlands , steppe , taiga , rock canyons , hills , deltas , snow-capped mountains , and deserts . Kazakhstan has an estimated 18 million people , Given its large land area , its population density is among the lowest , at less than 6 people per square kilometre ( 15 people per sq. mi . ) . The capital is Astana , where it was moved in 1997 from Almaty , the country 's largest city . The territory of Kazakhstan has historically been inhabited by nomadic tribes . This changed in the 13th century , when Genghis Khan occupied the country as part of the Mongolian Empire . Following internal struggles among the conquerors , power eventually reverted to the nomads . By the 16th century , the Kazakh emerged as a distinct group , divided into three jüz ( ancestor branches occupying specific territories ) . The Russians began advancing into the Kazakh steppe in the 18th century , and by the mid-19th century , they nominally ruled all of Kazakhstan as part of the Russian Empire . Following the 1917 Russian Revolution , and subsequent civil war , the territory of Kazakhstan was reorganised several times . In 1936 , it was made the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic , part of the Soviet Union . Kazakhstan was the last of the Soviet republics to declare independence during the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 . The current President , Nursultan Nazarbayev , has been leader of the country since then , and is characterised as authoritarian , with a government history of human rights abuses and suppression of political opposition . Kazakhstan has worked to develop its economy , especially its dominant hydrocarbon industry . Human Rights Watch says that `` Kazakhstan heavily restricts freedom of assembly , speech , and religion , '' and other human rights organisations regularly describe Kazakhstan 's human rights situation as poor . Kazakhstan 's 131 ethnicities include Kazakhs ( 63 % of the population ) , Russians , Uzbeks , Ukrainians , Germans , Tatars , and Uyghurs . Islam is the religion of about 70 % of the population , with Christianity practised by 26 % ; Kazakhstan officially allows freedom of religion , but religious leaders who oppose the government are suppressed . The Kazakh language is the state language , and Russian has equal official status for all levels of administrative and institutional purposes .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "3ad50f0dceb926d561bf68f08f4850dd", "text": "Azerbaijanis in Kazakhstan Azerbaijanis in Kazakhstan ( Qazaxıstan azərbaycanlıları ) are part of the Azerbaijani diaspora . They are Kazakh citizens and permanent residents of ethnic Azerbaijani background . According to the 2009 census , there were 85,292 ethnic Azerbaijanis living in Kazakhstan ; Azerbaijanis comprised 0.5 % of Kazakhstan 's population and were the country 's tenth-largest ethnic minority . Most Azerbaijani-Kazakhs have immigrated to Kazakhstan from the Republic of Azerbaijan ; a small group of Iranian Azerbaijanis trapped by the Bolshevik taking of power in 1918 were also forced into Kazakhstan in 1938 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "def83c499b8082bc88bf7b19f1a7b409", "text": "Great Southern (Western Australia) __ NOTOC __ The Great Southern Region is one of the nine regions of Western Australia , as defined by the Regional Development Commissions Act 1993 , for the purposes of economic development . It is a section of the larger South Coast of Western Australia and neighbouring agricultural regions . The region officially comprises the local government areas of Albany , Broomehill-Tambellup , Cranbrook , Denmark , Gnowangerup , Jerramungup , Katanning , Kent , Kojonup , Plantagenet and Woodanilling . The Great Southern Region has an area of 39007 km2 and a population of about 54,000 . Its administrative centre is the historic port of Albany . It has a Mediterranean climate , with hot , dry summers and cool , wet winters . The economy of the Great Southern Region is dominated by livestock farming and crop-growing . It has some of the most productive cereal grain and pastoral land in the state , and is a major producer of wool and lamb . Albany is a major fishing centre . The coast of the Great Southern Region has milder summer weather than areas on the west coast proper and is also a popular destination for holidaymakers , tourists , anglers and surfers . Albany is home to the Kalgan River which is associated with riverboats , from 1918 to 1935 with the Silver Star which lowered its funnel to get under a bridge , and today with the Kalgan Queen which lowers its roof to pass beneath the same bridge . Noongar people have inhabited the region for tens of thousands of years . European settlement began with the establishment of a temporary British military base , commanded by Major Edmund Lockyer , at King George Sound ( Albany ) on Christmas Day , 1826 . Albany is consequently regarded as the oldest European settlement in Western Australia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "002967cf86b0e9a87178e7323df0093e", "text": "Western Desert cultural bloc The Western Desert cultural bloc or just Western Desert is a cultural region in central Australia covering about 600,000 square kilometres , including the Gibson Desert , the Great Victoria Desert , the Great Sandy and Little Sandy Deserts in the Northern Territory , South Australia and Western Australia . The Western Desert cultural bloc can be said to stretch from the Nullarbor in the south to the Kimberley in the north , and from the Percival Lakes in the west through to the Pintupi lands in the Northern Territory . The term is often used by anthropologists and linguists when discussing the 40 or so Aboriginal groups that live there , who speak dialects of one language , often called the Western Desert language . Apart from the Canning Stock Route and the Rabbit-proof fence , white contact with this part of Australia was very rare , until the 1960s : No one had been out there . The desert , as far as the Department -LSB- WA Dept of Suppy -RSB- was concerned ... was an unknown , as it was to the whole of Western Australia . The Warburton Ranges -LSB- were -RSB- as far as anybody got . People in those days knew absolutely nothing about Aborigines . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3b78f3af4456bf8250f28b0f62ef73c1", "text": "Federalism in Australia Federalism in Australia was formally adopted on 1 January 1901 when the six self-governing Australian colonies federated as the Commonwealth of Australia . To this day Australia remains a federation of those six `` original States '' under the Commonwealth Constitution . Australia is the seventh oldest federation in the world after the United States ( 1789 ) , Mexico ( 1824 ) , Switzerland ( 1848 ) , Canada ( 1867 ) , the German Empire ( 1871 ) and Brazil ( 1891 ) and the only one of those to have remained entirely unchanged in its composition . In formal constitutional terms , little has been altered since Australians made that decision over a century ago ; in practice , however , the way Australian federalism functions has changed enormously over the intervening years . The most significant respect in which it has changed is in the degree to which the Commonwealth government has assumed a position of dominance .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aba45ab4e17d078915a96a8e9f440000", "text": "Iraqi Australians Iraqi Australians are Australian citizens who identify themselves to be Iraqi descent . Since the 1991 Gulf War , thousands of Iraqis have found refuge in Australia . The total of population is estimated to be as high as 80,000 . Australia 's Iraqi-born population includes Arabs , Kurds , Assyrians , Armenians , Mandeans , Turkmens and Jews . The first year in which the Australian Census of Population and Housing recorded the Iraq-born separately was 1976 , when the population was 2,273 . By 1986 , the population had risen to 4,516 . By the end of the Gulf War in 1991 , it numbered 5,186 , mainly in New South Wales and Victoria . Many recent arrivals have entered Australia under the Humanitarian programme . The Gulf War and the quelling of uprisings of the Shi'a and the Kurds in Iraq resulted in a large increase in the number of Iraqis coming to Australia after 1991 . There were 24,760 Iraq-born people in Australia at the 2001 Census , making up 0.6 per cent of the overseas-born population .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "caa6f08b78de62be58c1aad37aa38ecf", "text": "Satbayev Kazakh National Technical University Kazakh National Research Technical University ( Қазақ Ұлттық Техникалық Зерттеу Университет , Qazaq Ulttıq Texnïkalıq Zertteu Wnïversïtet , Казахский Национальный Технический Исследовательский Университет , Kazakhskiy Natsional ` nîy Tekhnicheskiy Issledovatel ` skiy Universitet ) named after Kanysh Satpayev is a leading technical university in Almaty , Kazakhstan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8c836114e5d1b60cee67ada046bb807d", "text": "Australian Capital Territory The Australian Capital Territory ( ACT ; formerly , `` The Territory for the Seat of Government '' and , later , the `` Federal Capital Territory '' ) is the federal district in the south east of Australia , enclaved within New South Wales . Its only city is Canberra , the capital city of Australia . Geographically , the territory is bounded by the Goulburn-Cooma railway line in the east , the watershed of Naas Creek in the south , the watershed of the Cotter River in the west , and the watershed of the Molonglo River in the north-east . The ACT also has a small strip of territory around the southern end of the Beecroft Peninsula , which is the northern headland of Jervis Bay . The need for a national territory was flagged by colonial delegates during the Federation conventions of the late 19th century . Section 125 of the Australian Constitution provided that , following Federation in 1901 , land would be ceded freely to the new Federal Government . The territory was transferred to the Commonwealth by the state of New South Wales in 1911 , two years prior to the naming of Canberra as the national capital in 1913 . The floral emblem of the ACT is the royal bluebell and the bird emblem is the gang-gang cockatoo . The economic activity of the Australian Capital Territory is heavily concentrated around Canberra . A stable housing market , steady employment and rapid population growth in the 21st century have led to economic prosperity and in 2011 CommSec ranked the ACT as the second best performing economic region in the country . This trend continued into 2016 , when the territory was ranked the third best performing out of all of Australia 's states and territories . There is a higher proportion of young adults in the region compared with other Australian states or territories . Approximately one-fifth of ACT residents were born outside of Australia , mainly in the United Kingdom . Almost one-fifth speak a language other than English at home , the most common being Chinese .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "941e21d4409bfcbcf8e21d2bcedd6bb1", "text": "Australian Transaction Reports and Analysis Centre Australian Transaction Reports and Analysis Centre ( AUSTRAC ) is an Australian government financial intelligence agency set up to monitor financial transactions to identify money laundering , organised crime , tax evasion , welfare fraud and terrorism . AUSTRAC was established in 1989 under the Financial Transaction Reports Act 1988 and continued in existence under the Anti-Money Laundering and Counter-Terrorism Financing Act 2006 ( AML/CTF Act ) . AUSTRAC 's head office is in Sydney , New South Wales . The Anti-Money Laundering and Counter-Terrorism Financing Act 2006 ( Cth ) came into law on 12 December 2006 , and extended the existing monitoring regime to cover financing of terrorism and listed terrorist organisations . Under Division 103 of the Criminal Code Act 1995 ( Cth ) , it is illegal to finance terrorism . The Attorney-General 's Department maintains a list of outlawed terror organisations . In 2014 AUSTRAC released a report , Terrorism financing in Australia 2014 , which says , `` Terrorism financing poses a serious threat to Australians and Australian interests at home and abroad . '' Australia is a member of the Egmont Group of Financial Intelligence Units and an observer in the Camden Assets Recovery Interagency Network and is a member of the Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering ( FATF ) and the Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes . Certain classes of financial services are required to be reported to AUSTRAC , in particular bank cash transactions ( i.e. , notes and coins ) of A$ 10,000 or more , as well as suspicious transactions and all international transfers . The information that AUSTRAC collects is available for use by law enforcement , revenue , regulatory , security and other agencies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5451feb7f8acd9c23bf4335f158a28c1", "text": "Elections in Kazakhstan Elections in Kazakhstan are held on a national level to elect a President and the Parliament , which is divided into two bodies , the Majilis ( Lower House ) and the Senate ( Upper House ) . Local elections for maslikhats ( local representative bodies ) are held every five years . Elections are administered by the Central Election Commission of the Republic of Kazakhstan . There are more than 10 political parties in Kazakhstan . Kazakhstan 's political opposition is the most developed in the region in terms of its organizational abilities and resources . None of the elections held in Kazakhstan have been considered free or fair by Western countries or international observers with issues noted including ballot tampering , multiple voting , repression of opposition candidates -RSB- -RSB- and press censorship . The OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights has deployed election monitors to Kazakhstan for observation of parliamentary and presidential elections since 1999 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "53bdaee97ccaca42cbbb1b216cf1cdd7", "text": "Chinese Ambassador to Kazakhstan The Chinese ambassador in Astana is the official representative of the Government in Beijing to the Government of Kazakhstan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93de211d2e571825dd4dfc6488e68ede", "text": "Media of Kazakhstan The media of Kazakhstan ( Қазақстанның республикасы бұқаралық ақпарат құралдары , Qazaqstannıñ respuwblïkası buqaralıq aqparat quraldarı ) refers to mass media outlets based in The Republic of Kazakhstan . Media of Kazakhstan are a set of public information transfer agencies in the Republic of Kazakhstan . The Constitution of Kazakhstan guarantees freedom of press , but privately owned and opposition media have been subject of censorship . In 2004 the International Federation of Journalists identified a `` growing pattern '' of intimidation of the media , and in 2012 several opposition media outlets were ordered to be shut down on charges of promoting `` extremism '' . All media must register with the Ministry of Culture , Information and Sports , with the exception of websites .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8e868b25bcf9b21f2ab0feca1675c07a", "text": "Kazakhstan Engineering Kazakhstan Engineering is a defense giant established by the Kazakhstan government to unite Kazakhstan 's state owned defence industry companies . The headquarters of this group is in Astana . Kazakhstan Engineering includes 24 subsidiaries , which operate in the development , manufacture , sale , repair and modernization of weapons , military and special equipment and ammunition , and participating in military-technical cooperation with foreign states .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3e8f6e5fb4eac35bc271c5e6481d21a1", "text": "Kazakh TV Kazakh TV is the first national satellite TV channel of the Khabar Agency , the largest media company in the Republic of Kazakhstan . The channel 's first programme was broadcast on 25 October 2002 as part of the CaspioNet franchise . The principal mission of Kazakh TV is to present a complete picture of Kazakhstan and Central Asia to foreign viewers . Kazakh TV broadcasts informative and educational programmes 24 hours a day in Kazakh , Russian , and English . In conjunction with the major satellite operators Eutelsat and Orange S.A. , the channel transmits its signal to 93 countries throughout North America , Central America , Western Europe , Eastern Europe , North Africa , the Middle East , Central Asia and Transcaucasia . It has a potential audience of 253 million householders . It provides relevant and objective information about Kazakhstan and Central Asia . The channel broadcasts the main local and international news as well as information about major political , economic and sporting events . The schedules are completed by documentaries , classical and contemporary feature films , children 's films , programmes of historical and ethnographic interest , and also views of the most interesting events in the cultural life of the country . These may include theatre performances and various exhibitions . Satellites : Intelsat 904 ( Katelco Plus ) , Eutelsat ( SESAT ) , Astra 3A ( Kabel Deutschland ) , Hot Bird 8 , and as of November 2011 Galaxy 19 97 West .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "921538be95adf6c7ae36c83b8a2a9db3", "text": "Krasnoyarsk Krai Krasnoyarsk Krai ( -LSB- Красноя́рский край , r = Krasnoyarsky kray , p = krəsnɐˈjarskʲɪj ˈkraj -RSB- ) is a federal subject of Russia ( a krai ) , with its administrative center in the city of Krasnoyarsk -- the third-largest city in Siberia ( after Novosibirsk and Omsk ) . Krasnoyarsk Krai is the largest krai in the Russian Federation , the second largest federal subject ( after the Sakha Republic ) , and the third largest subnational governing body by area in the world , after Sakha Republic and the Australian state of Western Australia . The krai covers an area of 2339700 km2 , which is nearly one quarter the size of the entire country of Canada ( the next-largest country in the world after Russia ) , constituting roughly 13 % of the Russian Federation 's total area and containing a population of 2,828,187 , or just under 2 % of its population . ( 2010 Census ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cc708a5ebe5a05cf945edd7234643b8c", "text": "Uyghurs in Kazakhstan Uyghurs in Kazakhstan form the country 's 7th-largest ethnic group , according to the 1999 census .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2193f1f28a63569eb2ce92bb642fd867", "text": "Australian Plate The Australian Plate is a major tectonic plate in the eastern and , largely , in the southern hemispheres . Originally a part of the ancient continent of Gondwana , Australia remained connected to India and Antarctica until approximately when India broke away and began moving north . Australia and Antarctica began rifting and completely separated roughly The Australian plate later fused with the adjacent Indian Plate beneath the Indian Ocean to form a single Indo-Australian Plate . However , recent studies suggest that the two plates have once again split apart and have been separate plates for at least 3 million years and likely longer . The Australian plate includes the continent of Australia , including Tasmania , as well portions of New Guinea , New Zealand , and the Indian Ocean basin .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d395e5850e07b62af95cb9223db08749", "text": "Australia–Bangladesh relations Australia -- Bangladesh relations refer to bilateral relations between Australia and Bangladesh .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "162a58669a5ef6f709903d5433171067", "text": "Australia–Paraguay relations Australia -- Paraguay relations refers to bilateral relations between Australia and Paraguay . Diplomatic relations were established in 1974 . Paraguay has an embassy in Canberra whilst Australia has a non resident ambassador in Buenos Aires . Both countries are members of the Cairns Group .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d8d8f9ffe58725c12b5b826ebac46cad", "text": "Australian migration zone The Australian migration zone is a legal device created by the Australian government for the purpose of Australia 's visa policy and immigration policy . In the Australian migration zone , which covers such Australian controlled territories as the government may determine , a non-citizen must hold an Australian visa . Without such a visa , or a bridging visa , the alien is treated as an `` unauthorised arrival '' . Prior to 2001 , the Australian migration zone consisted of the mainland , and some external territories . To stem the flow of unauthorised arrivals into Australia , in September 2001 , the Australian government passed the Migration Amendment ( Excision from Migration Zone ) Act 2001 and the Migration Amendment ( Excision from Migration Zone ) ( Consequential Provisions ) Act 2001 which removed ( `` excised '' ) a number of external territories from the Australian migration zone for purposes relating to unauthorised arrivals . The effect of this change was to limit the ability of `` offshore entry persons '' to apply for a visa on arrival . The territories excised were Ashmore Island , Cartier Islands , Christmas Island , and Cocos Islands . After Australian Indian Ocean territories were excised , increasing numbers of asylum seekers attempted to reach the Australian mainland by-passing those islands , which are closer to Indonesia . To combat this tactic , on 30 October 2012 , the Australian government excised the entire Australian mainland from the Australian migration zone . The legislation to excise the mainland itself from the migration zone was passed by Parliament on 16 May 2013 . Before the excise , asylum seekers who reached the mainland by boat could not be sent offshore to Australian immigration detention facilities on Nauru or Papua New Guinea 's Manus Island for immigration processing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e4246e0403b72c640d753fb76f71370d", "text": "Aktogay, East Kazakhstan Region Aktogay ( Ақтоғай , Aqtoğay , اقتوعاي -LSB- ɑqtu̯ʊʁɑj -RSB- ) is a town in Ayagoz District , East Kazakhstan Region of Kazakhstan and major railway hub of Turkestan-Siberian Railway . Aktogay is located in Balkhash-Alakol lowlands , close to Balkhash lake . The Ayagoz river 's mouth is located nearby Aktogay . The climate is continental . Summer is hot +40 ° , winter is cold -40 ° . The distance to district center Ayagoz is 100 km , to the region center Ust-Kamenogorsk is 420 km , to Astana , the capital of Kazakhstan is 1250 km . The major copper deposit is discovered close to Aktogay town . This is the fourth reserves of copper in the world . Aktogay Mine and copper extraction plant was completed there and the copper cathodes production started in 2011 . The capital cost account $ 1.5-2 billion and the production capacity is 100.000 tones per annum . The city is about 30 km from Lake Balkhash .", "title": "" } ]
fever
a5269ece6a4f30be45394cc9a8d75c6e
Madonna only ever signed with Motown Records.
[ { "docid": "882571996042eb4da3ebaff04f725464", "text": "Madonna (entertainer) Madonna Louise Ciccone ( -LSB- tʃɪˈkoʊni -RSB- born August 16 , 1958 ) is an American singer , songwriter , actress , and businesswoman . She achieved popularity by pushing the boundaries of lyrical content in mainstream popular music and imagery in her music videos , which became a fixture on MTV . Madonna is known for reinventing both her music and image , and for maintaining her autonomy within the recording industry . Music critics have acclaimed her musical productions , which have generated some controversy . Referred to as the `` Queen of Pop '' , Madonna is often cited as an influence by other artists . Born in Bay City , Michigan , Madonna moved to New York City in 1977 to pursue a career in modern dance . After performing in the music groups Breakfast Club and Emmy , she signed with Sire Records ( an auxiliary label of Warner Bros. . Records ) in 1982 and released her eponymous debut album the following year . She followed it with a series of commercially and critically successful albums , including the Grammy Award winners Ray of Light ( 1998 ) and Confessions on a Dance Floor ( 2005 ) . Throughout her career , Madonna has written and produced most of her songs , with many of them reaching number one on the record charts , including `` Like a Virgin '' , `` Papa Do n't Preach '' , `` Like a Prayer '' , `` Vogue '' , `` Take a Bow '' , `` Frozen '' , `` Music '' , `` Hung Up '' , and `` 4 Minutes '' . Madonna 's popularity was further enhanced by her roles in films such as Desperately Seeking Susan ( 1985 ) , Dick Tracy ( 1990 ) , and Evita ( 1996 ) . While the latter earned her a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress , most of her other films received poor reviews . Madonna has been acclaimed as a businesswoman , particularly after she founded entertainment company Maverick ( including the label Maverick Records ) . In 2007 she signed an unprecedented U.S. $ 120 million 360 deal with Live Nation , which led to a record deal with Interscope Records . Her other ventures include fashion design , writing children 's books , and filmmaking . Having sold more than 300 million records worldwide , Madonna is recognized as the best-selling female recording artist of all time by Guinness World Records . The Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) listed her as the best-selling female rock artist of the 20th century and the second highest-certified female artist in the United States , with 64.5 million album units . Madonna is the highest-grossing solo touring artist of all time , earning U.S. $ 1.31 billion from her concerts since 1990 . She became one of the five founding members of the UK Music Hall of Fame and was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in her first year of eligibility . Madonna was ranked at number one on VH1 's list of 100 Greatest Women in Music and number two ( behind only The Beatles ) on Billboards list of Greatest Hot 100 Artists of All Time .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "f2472e27f15d31dba441e436fa46b50e", "text": "Perspective Records Perspective Records was an American record label , launched in 1991 by the producing team Jimmy Jam & Terry Lewis , through a joint venture with A&M Records -- which Jam & Lewis had had a prosperous working relationship with throughout the 1980s , with several of its major acts including Janet Jackson , The Human League , and label founder Herb Alpert . Acts on Perspective 's roster included Bobby Ross Avila , Smooth , Mint Condition , Lo-Key , Solo , Sounds of Blackness , Young Zee , and Ann Nesby . From 1993 to 1996 , A&M Records released most of its own urban acts through Perspective . In 1997 , Jam and Lewis resigned as the label 's CEOs , but remained consultants . Over the next year , Perspective continued to release recordings by the current artists for the sake of fulfilling contractual obligations with them . The company was dismantled , and absorbed into A&M Records , in early 1999 -- per the merger of A&M 's PolyGram parent and Universal Music Group .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3fa35a2b799e3379ea08355852dceb6e", "text": "Signed Sealed Delivered (album) Signed Sealed Delivered is the fifth studio album by English singer Craig David . It was his first and only album with Universal Motown . It was released on 29 March 2010 . The album consists primarily of covers . Two of the album 's tracks sample hits from the Motown era and give them a modern twist , as demonstrated with the first single from the album , `` One More Lie ( Standing in the Shadows ) '' , whose chorus samples The Four Tops ' 1967 Motown classic `` Standing in the Shadows of Love '' . The second is `` All Alone Tonight ( Stop , Look , Listen ) '' which samples Diana Ross and Marvin Gaye 's version of `` Stop , Look , Listen ( To Your Heart ) '' . The only original song is the album 's last track , `` This Could Be Love '' . Signed Sealed Delivered entered the UK Albums Chart at number 13 . As of January 2016 , the album had sold 33,779 copies in the United Kingdom .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bed073c576632be5e54e9352e5226348", "text": "Ross (1983 album) Ross is a 1983 album by the American entertainer Diana Ross , her third released on the RCA label . It was released shortly before Ross gave a pair of free concerts in New York 's Central Park . The album reached # 32 on the US charts , # 14 on the US R&B charts and # 44 in the UK . It has never been reissued as a digital download . The album 's highest international chart position was in Sweden , where it reached # 7 . Five of the eight tracks were produced by Gary Katz , two by Ray Parker Jr and one by Ross . The album 's first single , `` Pieces of Ice '' , peaked at # 31 on the US charts . Subsequent singles `` Up Front '' ( US R&B # 60 , UK # 79 ) and `` Let 's Go Up '' ( US # 77 ) were also minor hits . `` Up Front '' was remixed by Jolley & Swain for its European release . The album 's final US sales were slightly higher than 250,000 copies . The album was remastered and re-released in September 2014 by Funky Town Grooves , as an `` Expanded Edition '' with bonus material .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "49b3b27062e6d5a4471949ec982c7683", "text": "Bye Bye Baby (Mary Wells song) `` Bye Bye Baby '' is the first single by R&B singer Mary Wells , released in December 1960 on the Motown label . The song was one of Motown 's earliest hit singles and showcased a much rougher vocal than the singer had during her later years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "012fcef9cc087ab935852c043b3431ae", "text": "Forever Came Today `` Forever Came Today '' is a 1967 song written and produced by the Motown collective of Holland -- Dozier -- Holland , and was first made into a hit as a single for Diana Ross & the Supremes in early 1968 . A disco version of the song was released as a single seven years later by Motown group The Jackson 5 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "52a115105c29d9f0a27e104e0dc4ae02", "text": "Marshall Blonstein Marshall Blonstein is an entertainment industry executive who is best known as the founder and president of the audiophile music labels Audio Fidelity and DCC Compact Classics . He has also held positions at Island , Ode , ABC and Epic Records , and been associated with some of the most prominent artists in popular music . He was born and raised in Los Angeles , and entered the music business in 1966 , working at Dunhill Records . He subsequently moved into record promotion with ABC Records , then , from 1966 to 1970 , performed similar duties for Columbia Records , working in Chicago and Los Angeles . He ended his tenure with Columbia in 1970 , directing promotional activities for the company 's Epic and associated labels from New York City . From 1970 to 1979 Blonstein held executive positions at Ode Records , a label he helped to found with Lou Adler , where he was involved with the success of Carole King 's Tapestry album ( 1971 ) , the concert edition of The Who 's Tommy ( 1972 ) , The Rocky Horror Picture Show ( 1975 ) , and Cheech & Chong 's Up in Smoke movie ( 1978 ) , among other projects . He became president of Island Records from 1979 to 1982 , contributing to the careers of artists such as Robert Palmer , Steve Winwood , Bob Marley , Marianne Faithfull and Grace Jones . Blonstein began a new phase of his career in 1986 when he founded DCC Compact Classics as one of the first companies to issue catalogue music product on the then-new compact disc format . DCC evolved into one of the first companies to cater to the high-end audiophile market with its line of digitally remastered reissues on its 24 Karat Gold CD and 180-gram pure virgin vinyl formats . DCC released audiophile editions of best-selling albums by Elvis Presley , Frank Sinatra , the Doors , The Eagles and many others . In 2002 Blonstein founded Morada Music and Video , which issued new music and licensed features for DVD , and Audio Fidelity Music , which specializes in audiophile reissues . Among the Audio Fidelity catalogue titles are popular items such as James Taylor 's Sweet Baby James , Stevie Wonder 's Songs in the Key of Life , Carly Simon 's No Secrets and several Grateful Dead titles . Blonstein has also established a DVD series . Among the titles of Morada DVD is the historic series Playboy After Dark . Morada Music has also acquired the rights to 160 television shows from the legendary comedian Soupy Sales .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "053cf7dc5e16a05e6665d2398d20aaa9", "text": "Give Me All Your Luvin' `` Give Me All Your Luvin ' '' is a song by American singer Madonna from her twelfth studio album , MDNA ( 2012 ) . It features guest vocals by rappers Nicki Minaj and M.I.A. . The song was written and produced by Madonna and Martin Solveig , with additional writing by M.I.A. , Minaj and Michael Tordjman . After working with Solveig on one song , Madonna continued recording others including `` Give Me All Your Luvin '' . Madonna chose to work with M.I.A. and Minaj on the track , since she felt they were both strong women with unique voices . She also liked their music and what they represented . A demo version of the song , titled `` Give Me All Your Love '' , was leaked on November 8 , 2011 resulting in a man from Spain being arrested for copyright violations . The final version of the song was released on February 3 , 2012 , as the lead single from MDNA . The track was her debut single from her three-album deal with Interscope Records . Backed by bouncing synthesizers , marching drums and a cheer , `` Give Me All Your Luvin '' is a dance-pop song , with elements of new wave and disco . Madonna executes the chorus in high-pitched vocals while during its dubstep breakdown , Minaj raps her verse as her alter-ego Roman Zolanski , followed by M.I.A. rapping her verse . `` Give Me All Your Luvin '' received mixed reviews from music critics . Its chorus was noted as a highlight by critics , who described it as catchy ; however , they felt that the musical composition was inferior to Madonna 's previous singles . Commercially , the song attained success peaking at number one in Canada , Finland and Hungary , and inside the top ten in several European countries . In the United States , it became Madonna 's 38th top-ten hit on the Billboard Hot 100 chart , extending her record as the artist with most top-ten singles in the chart 's history . The song 's accompanying music video featuring both Minaj and M.I.A. was directed by Megaforce . It shows Madonna , Minaj and M.I.A. along with cheerleaders wearing animegao masks and football players . Madonna first performed the song with Minaj and M.I.A. at the Super Bowl XLVI halftime show . During the performance M.I.A. extended her middle finger towards the camera while rapping her verse . She was criticized in the media and broadcaster NBC and the National Football League ( NFL ) issued apologies . They also fined the rapper which was resolved through a confidential agreement . Later that year , Madonna also performed `` Give Me All Your Luvin '' wearing a majorette outfit on The MDNA Tour .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6a1b5cd3e318c205dd68c28fa2e12220", "text": "Rock City Club Rock City Club was created by Jack Wishna , Ofek Hayon , Brian Silver , music promoter Don Kirshner , and Michael Jackson The management team , partners , and investors attracted to the business include Internet entrepreneurs and music industry executives . One of the original creators of MTV and co-founder of Internet service provider NetZero are listed among the company 's board . It was described by the company as `` the music industry 's first Social Music Network '' . Some of the biggest music producers in the world , with 162 Grammy Awards to their names , participate in Rock City Club . The Rockcityclub.com `` Producers ' Circle '' includes Phil Ramone and Ron Dante and the people behind acts such as Lady Gaga , Madonna , Jay-Z , Michael Jackson , and Amy Winehouse . In 2012 , Rock City Club partnered with Slacker online music service to create what it described as the world 's first internet music channel devoted exclusively to giving undiscovered artists and bands the chance to have their music heard by millions of potential fans . The channel was headed by Ron Dante and includes the production expertise of people like Phil Ramone , Kerry Gordy ( son of Motown legend Berry Gordy ) , and Lamont Dozier .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e7cd16634b01dc8faf6a6e486278b14f", "text": "A Collection of Michael Jackson's Oldies A Collection of Michael Jackson 's Oldies is a compilation of the Motown Records released on December 8 , 1972 , with songs by Michael Jackson and The Jackson 5 that were made between 1969 and 1972 . It was only published in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc172f1ef685c2db421e5343624548f8", "text": "Grammy Award for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance The Grammy Award for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance ( previously called Best Rhythm and Blues Solo Vocal Performance , Female ) was an honor presented at the Grammy Awards , a ceremony established in 1958 and originally called the Gramophone Awards , to female recording artists for quality R&B songs . Awards in several categories are distributed annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences of the United States to `` honor artistic achievement , technical proficiency and overall excellence in the recording industry , without regard to album sales or chart position . '' According to the category description guide for the 52nd Grammy Awards , the award was presented to artists that performed `` newly recorded solo R&B vocal performances '' . Solo numbers by members of an established group were not eligible for the award as `` separate entries from the duo or group performances . '' Albums were also considered for the accolade until 1992 . As a part of the major overhaul of Grammy categories , the award was discontinued in 2011 . The Female R&B Vocal Performance category , Male R&B Vocal Performance category and all duo/group vocal performances in the R&B category shifted to the Best R&B Performance category in 2012 . The award for the Best Female R&B Vocal Performance was first presented to Aretha Franklin at the 10th Grammy Awards ceremony in 1968 for the song `` Respect '' . Franklin received the most wins with eleven , followed by Anita Baker with five . Franklin also holds the record for the most nominations with twenty-three , while Chaka Khan is second with eight nominations . Fantasia Barrino became the final recipient of the award , when her song `` Bittersweet '' won the award in 2011 . The award was presented to artists from the United States each year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bb15bcc714c715eae349eaf85f89ea1a", "text": "Whitney Houston discography The discography of American singer Whitney Houston ( 1963 -- 2012 ) consists of seven studio albums , six compilations , two soundtrack albums , five box sets , six extended plays , and fifty-seven singles . In 1985 , Houston released her self-titled debut album . It spent fourteen weeks at number one on the Billboard 200 and was certified thirteen times platinum ( Diamond ) by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) , with global sales of 25 million copies . The album produced four US top 5 singles , including three Billboard Hot 100 number-ones . In 1987 , Houston released her second album Whitney . The album debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 and was supported by four US number-one singles : `` I Wan na Dance with Somebody ( Who Loves Me ) '' , `` Did n't We Almost Have It All '' , `` So Emotional '' , and `` Where Do Broken Hearts Go '' , which established an unprecedented seven consecutive number one hits by a performer . Whitney was certified 9 × Platinum by the RIAA and topped the charts in numerous countries , having sold in excess of 20 million copies worldwide . Houston 's third studio album , I 'm Your Baby Tonight ( 1990 ) , peaked at number three on the Billboard 200 chart and yielded two number-one singles ; `` I 'm Your Baby Tonight '' and `` All the Man That I Need '' , selling 10 million units worldwide . In February 1991 , Houston released `` The Star Spangled Banner '' performance from Super Bowl XXV as a single , becoming the highest-charting rendition of the national anthem on the Billboard Hot 100 chart . The Bodyguard soundtrack from her film debut , was released in November 1992 . The album contains tracks by other recording artists but is considered a Houston album by Billboard . It topped the Billboard 200 for twenty non-consecutive weeks , one of the longest tenures by an album in the Nielsen SoundScan era . The album was certified 17 × Platinum the United States and sold over 45 million copies worldwide , becoming the best-selling soundtrack album and one of the top 5 best-selling albums of all time . The lead single from the soundtrack , `` I Will Always Love You '' , topped the Billboard Hot 100 chart for a then-record-breaking fourteen weeks and was certified 6 × Platinum by the RIAA , peaked at number one on the charts in nearly every country and sold 12 million copies worldwide , becoming one of the best-selling singles of all time . Houston contributed three songs , including her eleventh number-one single `` Exhale ( Shoop Shoop ) '' on the 7x platinum soundtrack album , Waiting to Exhale ( November 1995 ) . The following year she released The Preacher 's Wife in November 1996 . The soundtrack was certified 3x Platinum by the RIAA and became the biggest selling gospel album of all time . In 1998 , she released her first studio album in eight years , My Love Is Your Love . The album failed to match the commercial status of her previous albums , peaking at number thirteen , her lowest chart position on the Billboard 200 among her studio albums . Despite initial weak sales , the album went on to achieve multi-platinum status with 11 million units sold worldwide , being certified 4 × Platinum in the United States . From late 1998 to early 2000 , the album generated five singles ; `` When You Believe '' ( duet with Mariah Carey ) , `` Heartbreak Hotel '' , `` It 's Not Right but It 's Okay '' , `` My Love Is Your Love '' , and `` I Learned from the Best '' . Houston entered the 2000s with her first greatest hits compilation , Whitney : The Greatest Hits , released in May 2000 . The double-disc was certified 3 × Platinum by the RIAA in 2002 and earned 5 × Platinum award posthumously , recognizing 2.6 million in sales throughout the United States . The album hit the top position on the UK Albums Chart and sold over 1.66 million copies in the UK alone . Also , it reached the top ten in many worldwide markets , selling 10 million copies globally . Just Whitney , released in December 2002 , became her first album after renewing her contract with Arista for a record $ 100 million in 2001 . The album failed to earn multi-platinum status , receiving only Platinum award in the US , and became her lowest-selling studio album to date . She released a holiday album , One Wish : The Holiday Album in November 2003 . In September 2009 , Houston returned to the top position of the Billboard 200 with I Look to You , becoming her fourth number-one album on the chart ; which was her first non-soundtrack number-one in 22 years , since 1987 's Whitney . It also topped the album charts of several European countries and was certified Platinum by the RIAA . Her albums Whitney Houston , Whitney , The Bodyguard and Whitney : The Greatest Hits are among the top 100 certified albums according to the RIAA . According to the RIAA , Houston is the top-selling R&B female artist of the 20th century , and the fourth best-selling female artist in the United States , with shipments of 57 million albums . In addition , until the launch of the RIAA 's digital certification program in 2004 , she had sold 16.5 million physical singles more than any other female solo artist in history . According to the Official UK Charts Company in October 2012 , Houston is at number four in the top 10 biggest selling female singles artists of all-time list with a sales total of 8.5 million singles . Whitney Houston is one of pop music 's best-selling music artists of all-time , with an estimated 170 -- 200 million records sold worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6cfc3a7bfed27a16c45ea34f8d3af8e0", "text": "The Look of Love (Madonna song) `` The Look of Love '' is a song by American singer Madonna from the soundtrack album to the 1987 film Who 's That Girl . It was the third and final single release from the album and was released on November 25 , 1987 by Sire Records . While shooting for the film , then called Slammer , Madonna had requested that producer Patrick Leonard develop a downtempo song that captured the nature of her film persona . She later wrote the lyrics and melody to the backing track developed by Leonard , and the song became `` The Look of Love '' . Madonna was also inspired by actor James Stewart 's performance in the 1954 film Rear Window . Featuring instrumentation from percussion , the song begins with a low bass synth line and a slow backing track , followed by Madonna singing the lyrics . Critically appreciated as a haunting track and noted as a `` gem '' on the album , `` The Look of Love '' reached the top ten of the charts in Belgium , Ireland , the Netherlands and the United Kingdom . It also charted in France , Germany and Switzerland , while reaching the top 20 of the Eurochart Hot 100 Singles . Madonna 's only live performances of the song were on her Who 's That Girl World Tour in 1987 . During the performance Madonna pretended that she was lost on the stage , like her film character .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f501bca0cd78ba1f30657e298cc11aa4", "text": "List of Billboard 200 number-one albums of 1983 The Billboard 200 , published in Billboard magazine , is a weekly chart that ranks the highest-selling music albums and EPs in the United States . In 1983 , the name of the chart was Top LPs & Tape . Before Nielsen SoundScan began tracking sales in 1991 , Billboard estimated sales from a representative sampling of record stores nationwide , using telephone , fax or messenger service . Data were based on rankings made by the record stores of the best-selling records , not on actual sales figures . There were six number-one albums on this chart in 1983 , including the debut album of the Australian band Men at Work , Business as Usual , which spent the last seven weeks of 1982 and the first eight weeks of 1983 at number one , and was certified quadruple platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) in 1984 . Thriller , the sixth studio album by recording artist Michael Jackson , was released on November 1982 . It peaked at number one for twenty-two non-consecutive weeks in 1983 with another fifteen consecutive weeks at the top into the following year , and seven songs from the album became top ten singles between late 1982 and early 1984 . Two of them : `` Billie Jean '' and `` Beat It '' , reached the top position of the Billboard Hot 100 . Thriller won eight Grammy Awards , including Album of the Year at the 26th Grammy Awards , and was the best-selling album of 1983 with more than fifteen million copies sold . In 2008 , twenty-five years after its release , the record was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame , and a few weeks later , it was among twenty-five recordings preserved by the Library of Congress to the National Recording Registry as `` culturally significant '' . Flashdance , the soundtrack to the 1983 musical and romance film of the same name , peaked at number one for two weeks and won the Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack Album for a Motion Picture . The two singles released from the album , `` Flashdance ... What a Feeling '' by Irene Cara , and `` Maniac '' by Michael Sembello , reached the top of the singles chart in 1983 . The New York Times considered the British band The Police to be the year 's most influential rock band . Australian , British , and American bands copied the white-reggae formula of their ( The Police 's ) earlier successes . The group released their fifth and final studio album , Synchronicity , in 1983 . The album , a varied accomplished blend of rock , funk , and third-world rhythms , stayed at number one for seventeen weeks and was certified four times platinum by the RIAA in 1984 . Metal Health , the third album by heavy metal band Quiet Riot , peaked at number one for one week , becoming the first heavy metal record to reach the top of the Billboard 200 . Singer-songwriter Lionel Richie released his second album Ca n't Slow Down in 1983 , which spent three weeks at the top and won the Grammy Award for Album of the Year at the 27th Grammy Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2fb5dde9b539bc7476387fa836810d64", "text": "Ozone (American band) Ozone was an Funk and R&B group during the late 1970s and early 1980s , signed to Motown Records .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ac944516232c8f3f2601e6308b72be58", "text": "Records and achievements of Madonna American singer Madonna , throughout her career , spanning three decades , has obtained a remarkable series of statistical achievements , setting and breaking several world records with her participation in entrepreneurial activities , of acting and her performance in the musical scene for her videos , singles , albums , and tours . Her first appearance in the Guinness Book of World Records was in 1986 with her third studio album , True Blue . Since then , she has earned multiple appearances , some 20 at least in February 2012 , including her insigne record title as the top-selling female recording artist of all time . Madonna 's commerciality has achieved scrutiny studies and analysis from different point of view in the academia world or by marketers , through her marketing strategies , controversies and reinvention , surpassing to others new or contemporary artists . In popular culture , many international artists have been called `` Madonna '' , many times , by their impact and success in their respective countries or genres . Also , her presence in popular culture , has been led to create world records about Madonna . Dubbed as the most successful and most influential female artist of all time , Madonna 's music is defined in several occasions , for changing contemporary music history for women 's , mainly rock , dance and pop scene .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ec22ffdbd73f8a973d7b8ab9db24c278", "text": "Glow (Rick James album) Glow is a 1985 Rick James album , released on the Gordy Records imprint of Motown Records . Despite its success , to date , it is the only Rick James album not available on compact disc .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ae3cd54fe313bf4a4bdd987479c0a3f5", "text": "Who's That Girl (1987 film) Who 's That Girl is a 1987 American screwball comedy film written by Andrew Smith and Ken Finkleman , and directed by James Foley . It stars Madonna and Griffin Dunne , and depicts the story of a street-smart girl who is falsely accused of murdering her boyfriend and is sent to jail . After getting released , she meets a man , who is supposed to make sure she gets on her bus back to Philadelphia , and convinces him to help her catch those responsible for her confinement . While searching for the embezzler , they fall in love with each other . After the failure of her 1986 film Shanghai Surprise , Madonna decided to sign another comedy film titled Slammer , which was later renamed to Who 's That Girl . However , she had to convince both Warner Bros. and the producers of the film that she was ready for the project . Madonna enlisted her friend James Foley to direct the film . Shooting began in New York in October 1986 , and continued until March 1987 . Production was halted during December due to snowfall in New York . Madonna utilized the time to work on her next tour and the soundtrack of the film . The film was released on August 7 , 1987 , and was a box office bomb , grossing only $ 2.5 million in its first week , with its final domestic total being about $ 7.3 million . Critics were highly disappointed with the film , and Foley 's direction . Some went on to call it one of the worst films to be released , while others found Madonna 's comic timing to be one of the highlights . However , the Who 's That Girl World Tour went on to be a critical and commercial success , grossing a total of US$ 25 million , and playing in front of audiences totaling 1.5 million people . The soundtrack of the film , though not acclaimed by the critics , enjoyed commercial success . Three of Madonna 's songs , the title track , `` Causing a Commotion '' and `` The Look of Love '' , were released as singles with the title track becoming Madonna 's sixth number one single on the US Billboard Hot 100 . The soundtrack album went on to sell six million copies worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0e38015099cd6932690fb25c19033d33", "text": "Sony/ATV Music Publishing Sony/ATV Music Publishing LLC is an American music publishing company owned by Sony through Sony Entertainment . The company was founded as a division of Associated Television ( ATV ) in 1955 by Lew Grade . In 1985 , Michael Jackson acquired ATV Music Publishing for $ 47.5 million . Paul McCartney , who had told Jackson about the importance of owning publishing , admitted he felt somewhat undercut by the purchase , because ATV Music Publishing owned the publishing rights to most of The Beatles ' songs , although he did not enter the bidding when it came up for sale in 1984 . In December 1995 , Michael Jackson agreed to merge ATV Music Publishing with Sony Music Publishing , a division of Sony Corporation , to form Sony/ATV Music Publishing . In 2012 an investor consortium led by Sony/ATV Music Publishing acquired EMI Music Publishing for approximately $ 2.2 billion . Sony/ATV Music Publishing and EMI Music Publishing now operate as one company , with the former entity administering the catalogue of the latter under a complex business structure . Following the acquisition , the company became the largest music publisher in the world , with a library of over two million songs under its administration . On March 14 , 2016 , Sony announced that it had reached a deal to acquire the Jackson estate 's stake in the company . The deal was completed on September 30 , 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bf459c30dd2a06412b49ee78b96d4c16", "text": "Papa Don't Preach `` Papa Do n't Preach '' is a song by American singer Madonna from her third studio album True Blue ( 1986 ) . The song was written by Brian Elliot with additional lyrics by Madonna , and produced by Stephen Bray and Madonna . The song also appears remixed on the 1990 compilation album The Immaculate Collection and in its original form on the 2009 compilation album Celebration . The song 's musical style combines pop and classical styling , and its lyrics deal with teenage pregnancy and abortion . It was based on teen gossip Elliot heard outside his studio , which has a large front window that doubles as a mirror where schoolgirls from the North Hollywood High School in Los Angeles regularly stopped to fix their hair and chat . Released as the album 's second single in mid-1986 , the song was a commercial success . It became Madonna 's fourth number-one single on the Billboard Hot 100 , and performed well internationally , reaching the top position in the United Kingdom and Australia . It was well received by music critics and was frequently cited as a highlight in the album . The music video , directed by James Foley , shows Madonna 's second image makeover , featuring her with a more toned and muscular body , and cropped platinum blonde hair . It portrayed a storyline where Madonna is trying to tell her father about her pregnancy . The images are juxtaposed with shots of Madonna dancing and singing in a small , darkened studio , and spending a romantic evening with her boyfriend . Shortly after its release , the song caused heated discussions about its lyrical content . Women 's organizations and others in the family planning field criticized Madonna for encouraging teenage pregnancy , while groups opposed to abortion saw the song as having a positive pro-life message . Madonna has performed `` Papa Do n't Preach '' in four of her world tours , most recently The MDNA Tour in 2012 . The song also caused her first conflict with the Vatican , as she dedicated it to Pope John Paul II , who urged Italian fans to boycott her concerts during the Who 's That Girl World Tour in 1987 . In 2002 , British singer Kelly Osbourne recorded a hard rock cover of the song which was included as a bonus track on her debut album Shut Up .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e59d7efb6f9e2493ba8cf105d458636e", "text": "Angel (Madonna song) `` Angel '' is a song by American singer Madonna from her second studio album Like a Virgin ( 1984 ) . It was released on April 10 , 1985 by Sire Records as the third single from the album . Written by Madonna and Steve Bray , it was one of the first songs developed for the project and , according to Madonna , was inspired by a girl who is saved by an angel , and she falls in love with him . `` Angel '' was released as a 12 '' single with `` Into the Groove '' in some countries and charted likewise . A music video was initially planned for the release , but was later cancelled . Instead a promotional video comprising clips from her previous videos was released in the United Kingdom . Musically `` Angel '' consists of three chord ascending hook , which serves for the verse and chorus . It has vocal harmonies beneath the main chorus and the lyrics repeat the angel-like image of Madonna 's saviour . Critical response to the song was mixed , with some music critics calling it a classic and others deeming it sub-par compared to Madonna 's previous singles . `` Angel '' became the singer 's fifth consecutive top-five single on the Billboard Hot 100 and reached the top of its dance charts . It was also able to reach number-one in Australia and the top-five of the charts in Canada , Ireland , Japan , New Zealand , Spain and the United Kingdom . Madonna has performed the song only once , on The Virgin Tour in 1985 .", "title": "" } ]
fever
33a864618625608f71c7033b44ce42b8
Elvis Presley took a break of seven years from the stage.
[ { "docid": "ed9e5bf12ab5fc1a73f483d0eeffffbe", "text": "Elvis Presley Elvis Aaron Presley ( January 8 , 1935 -- August 16 , 1977 ) was an American singer-songwriter and actor . Regarded as one of the most significant cultural icons of the 20th century , he is often referred to as the `` King of Rock and Roll '' , or simply `` the King '' . Presley was born in Tupelo , Mississippi , and relocated to Memphis , Tennessee , with his family when he was 13 years old . His music career began there in 1954 , when he recorded a song with producer Sam Phillips at Sun Records . Accompanied by guitarist Scotty Moore and bassist Bill Black , Presley was an early popularizer of rockabilly , an uptempo , backbeat-driven fusion of country music and rhythm and blues . RCA Victor acquired his contract in a deal arranged by Colonel Tom Parker , who managed the singer for more than two decades . Presley 's first RCA single , `` Heartbreak Hotel '' , was released in January 1956 and became a number-one hit in the United States . He was regarded as the leading figure of rock and roll after a series of successful network television appearances and chart-topping records . His energized interpretations of songs and sexually provocative performance style , combined with a singularly potent mix of influences across color lines that coincided with the dawn of the Civil Rights Movement , made him enormously popular -- and controversial . In November 1956 , Presley made his film debut in Love Me Tender . In 1958 , he was drafted into military service . He resumed his recording career two years later , producing some of his most commercially successful work before devoting much of the 1960s to making Hollywood films and their accompanying soundtrack albums , most of which were critically derided . In 1968 , following a seven-year break from live performances , he returned to the stage in the acclaimed televised comeback special Elvis , which led to an extended Las Vegas concert residency and a string of highly profitable tours . In 1973 , Presley featured in the first globally broadcast concert via satellite , Aloha from Hawaii . On August 16 , 1977 , he sustained a heart attack in the bathroom of his Graceland estate , and died as a result . His death came in the wake of many years of prescription drug abuse which lead to his poor health and death . Presley is one of the most celebrated and influential musicians of the 20th century . Commercially successful in many genres , including pop , blues and gospel , he is one of the best-selling solo artists in the history of recorded music , with estimated record sales of around 600 million units worldwide . He won three Grammys , also receiving the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award at age 36 , and has been inducted into multiple music halls of fame .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "1874ca139eb9493029c115f92dab2ef1", "text": "Louis Armstrong discography Louis Armstrong ( 1901 -- 1971 ) , nicknamed Satchmo or Pops , was an American trumpeter , composer , singer and occasional actor who was one of the most influential figures in jazz . His career spanned five decades , from the 1920s to the 1960s , and different eras in jazz . Coming to prominence in the 1920s as an `` inventive '' trumpet and cornet player , Armstrong was a foundational influence in jazz , shifting the focus of the music from collective improvisation to solo performance . With his instantly recognizable gravelly voice , Armstrong was also an influential singer , demonstrating great dexterity as an improviser , bending the lyrics and melody of a song for expressive purposes . He was also skilled at scat singing . Renowned for his charismatic stage presence and voice almost as much as for his trumpet-playing , Armstrong 's influence extends well beyond jazz music , and by the end of his career in the 1960s , he was widely regarded as a profound influence on popular music in general . Armstrong was one of the first truly popular African-American entertainers to `` cross over '' , whose skin color was secondary to his music in an America that was extremely racially divided . He rarely publicly politicized his race , often to the dismay of fellow African-Americans , but took a well-publicized stand for desegregation in the Little Rock Crisis . His artistry and personality allowed him socially acceptable access to the upper echelons of American society which were highly restricted for black men of his era .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7896c19f9dc9d74730e19f00f050bf91", "text": "Elvis Presley Birthplace The Elvis Presley Birthplace is a historic museum site in Tupelo , Mississippi dedicated to the preservation of the birthplace of American musician Elvis Presley , as well as listed on the Mississippi Blues Trail . The museum site includes the birthplace home of Elvis Presley , a museum , a chapel , and the Assembly of God Church building where the Presley family worshipped . Financially , times were hard on Vernon and Gladys , and they had to move out of the shotgun house when he was only a few years old for lack of payment . Vernon and Gladys worked various jobs while in Tupelo and moved several different times during the thirteen years they resided in Mississippi . An F5 tornado struck eight miles outside the city on April 5 , 1936 . The one-year-old Elvis and his mother , Gladys , survived the storm because it did not destroy their house . His father , Vernon , was out of town looking for work at that time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d7e218fa44d73d4e3fcd15472abff9f", "text": "Entertainer of the Year Entertainer of the Year is the twenty-first studio album by American country music singer-songwriter , Loretta Lynn . It was released on February 26 , 1973 , by MCA Records . Entertainer of the Year was titled after Lynn received the `` Entertainer of the Year '' award from the Country Music Association the previous year , becoming the first woman to win that award . The one and only single from the album was released in late 1972 , `` Rated X '' . The song was a self-penned song by Lynn and peaked at # 1 on the Billboard country chart in 1973 , her first # 1 hit since 1971 , and became also one of her more controversial songs , describing the double-standard frequently endured by divorced women at the time . The album was Lynn 's first studio album of 1973 , and Lynn would end up releasing an additional two for the year . The album was very successful on the Billboard album charts , peaking at # 1 on the Top Country Albums chart , and did not chart on the Billboard 200 . The album became Lynn 's fourth album to top the Top Country Albums chart . The album was Lynn 's first released on the MCA Records label , after the Decca label was retired by the company .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cbcae671c7f42b61e9f9ffbf50eadc1d", "text": "I'm Leavin' (Elvis Presley song) `` I 'm Leavin ' '' is a 1971 song by Elvis Presley . It was written by Sonny Charles and Michael Jarrett . The song was originally released in 1971 as a single , with `` Heart of Rome '' ( from the album Love Letters from Elvis ) on the B-side . In the United States `` I 'm Leavin ' '' reached number 36 on Billboard Hot 100 for the week of August 21 , 1971 . In the UK Singles Chart , it reached number 23 for the week of October 2 , 1971 . Later `` I 'm Leavin ' '' was included in the 1980 box set Elvis Aron Presley ( on the record 8 titled `` Lost Singles '' ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a0d048dd623d2d514d40711a6fe6ae5d", "text": "Cultural impact of Elvis Presley Since the beginning of his career , Elvis Presley has had an extensive cultural impact . According to Rolling Stone , `` it was Elvis who made rock 'n' roll the international language of pop . '' Rolling Stone encyclopedia of Rock and Roll describes Presley as `` an American music giant of the 20th century who single-handedly changed the course of music and culture in the mid-1950s . '' His recordings , dance moves , attitude and clothing came to be seen as embodiments of rock and roll . His music was heavily influenced by African-American blues , Christian gospel , and Southern country . In a list of the greatest English language singers , as compiled by Q Magazine , Presley was ranked first , and second in the list of greatest singers of 20th century by BBC Radio . Presley sang both hard driving rockabilly , rock and roll dance songs and ballads , laying a commercial foundation upon which other rock musicians would build their careers . African-American performers like Big Joe Turner , Wynonie Harris and Fats Domino came to national prominence after Presley 's acceptance among mass audiences of White American adults . Singers like Jerry Lee Lewis , the Everly Brothers , Chuck Berry , Bo Diddley , Little Richard , Buddy Holly , Johnny Cash , Roy Orbison and others immediately followed in his wake . John Lennon later observed , `` Before Elvis , there was nothing . '' During the post-WWII economic boom of the 1950s , many parents were able to give their teenage children much higher weekly allowances , signaling a shift in the buying power and purchasing habits of American teens . During the 1940s bobby soxers had idolized Frank Sinatra , but the buyers of his records were mostly between the ages of eighteen and twenty-two . Presley triggered a lot of demand for his records by near-teens and early teens aged ten and up . Along with Presley 's `` ducktail '' haircut , the demand for black slacks and loose , open-necked shirts resulted in new lines of clothing for teenage boys whereas a girl might get a pink portable 45 rpm record player for her bedroom . Meanwhile , American teenagers began buying newly available portable transistor radios and listened to rock 'n' roll on them ( helping to propel that fledgling industry from an estimated 100,000 units sold in 1955 to 5,000,000 units by the end of 1958 ) . Teens were asserting more independence and Presley became a national symbol of their parents ' consternation . Presley 's impact on the American youth consumer market was noted on the front page of The Wall Street Journal on December 31 , 1956 when business journalist Louis M. Kohlmeier wrote , `` Elvis Presley today is a business , '' and reported on the singer 's record and merchandise sales . Half a century later , historian Ian Brailsford ( University of Auckland , New Zealand ) commented , `` The phenomenal success of Elvis Presley in 1956 convinced many doubters of the financial opportunities existing in the youth market . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ff0db66024ddcf8bc7a58327af2ab1d1", "text": "From Elvis in Memphis From Elvis in Memphis is the fifteenth studio album by American rock and roll singer Elvis Presley , released on RCA Records . It was recorded at American Sound Studio in Memphis in January and February 1969 under the direction of producer Chips Moman and backed by its house band , informally known as `` The Memphis Boys '' . Following the success of Presley 's 1968 Christmas television special and its soundtrack , the album marked Presley 's return to non-soundtrack albums after the completion of his film contract with Paramount Pictures . Presley 's entourage convinced him to leave the RCA studios and record this album at American Sound , a new Memphis studio at the peak of a hit-producing streak . The reason for going to Moman 's studio was for the soul sound of the house band , ` the Memphis Boys ' . The predominance of country songs among those recorded in these sessions gives them the feel of the `` country soul '' style . This impression is emphasized by the frequent use of the dobro in the arrangements . In any case , the Memphis Boys have a solidly southern soul sound . From Elvis in Memphis was released in June 1969 to favorable reviews . The album peaked at number 13 on the Billboard 200 , number two on the country charts and number one in the United Kingdom , and its single `` In the Ghetto '' reached number three on the Billboard Hot 100 . The album was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America in 1970 . In later years , it garnered further favorable reviews , while it was ranked number 190 on Rolling Stone magazine 's 2003 list of the 500 greatest albums of all time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "49cb0951e45c8ed8e6a5daa504cc9305", "text": "My Aim Is True My Aim Is True is the debut album by English singer-songwriter Elvis Costello . The album was recorded at Pathway Studios in Highbury , London Borough of Islington , over the course of 1976 during late-night studio sessions , in a total of approximately twenty-four hours . It was the first of five consecutive Costello albums produced by Nick Lowe and cost # 2,000 to record . The backing band was made up of members of Clover , but they were uncredited on the original release due to contractual difficulties ; some early publicity for the album identified the backing band as `` The Shamrocks '' . In 1977 Rolling Stone magazine named the album one of the best of the year . In 2003 , the TV network VH1 named My Aim Is True the 80th greatest album of all time . In 2003 , the album was ranked number 168 on Rolling Stone magazine 's list of The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time . In 2004 , it was ranked 37 of the top 100 albums of the 1970s by Pitchfork which reported the album to be `` held by many as the most impressive debut in pop music history . '' In 2007 , the album was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e557a89cb451437b263d4ba98a9809d9", "text": "Too Much (Elvis Presley song) `` Too Much '' is a # 1 song recorded in a hit version by Elvis Presley and published by Elvis Presley Music in 1956 . It was written by Bernard Weinman and Lee Rosenberg . It was first recorded in 1954 by Bernard Hardison on Republic Records . Elvis Presley recorded the song in September 1956 and first performed it on January 6 , 1957 on CBS-TV 's `` The Ed Sullivan Show . '' Released as a single , Presley 's `` Too Much '' reached number one on both the Cashbox and Billboard sales charts and went to number three on the R&B chart . The single peaked at number two on the then-named Top 100 chart , the main Billboard pop chart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9fa966953566df5cb4b9afb6f8bc52e1", "text": "Girl Happy Girl Happy is a 1965 American musical romantic comedy and beach party film starring Elvis Presley in his 18th feature . The movie won a fourth place prize Laurel Award in the category Top Musical of 1965 . It featured the song `` Puppet on a String '' , which reached # 14 on the Billboard Hot 100 , # 3 on the Adult Contemporary chart and in Canada , and was certified Gold by the RIAA .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "65718582f62dd18f1c2a561a825bc88e", "text": "Human Radio Human Radio is an American rock band originally from Memphis , Tennessee . The group was formed in late 1988 by lead singer Ross Rice , and in 1990 they released a self-titled LP on Columbia Records . The single `` Me and Elvis '' was a hit in the US , reaching # 32 on the Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks chart . The band did a club tour of the U.S. , plus a residency in New England , before closing with a SRO show at The Lone Star Roadhouse in NYC . When the subsequent release of the second single was cancelled , the departure of the band from Columbia was inevitable . After moving to Nashville , the group broke with Columbia and recorded demos while searching for a new label . After two more years of touring -- mostly in the Southeast US -- with an unreleased second record , the band called it quits in 1992 . To honor their Memphis roots and fans , Human Radio played a farewell show at The South End in Memphis , the bar where they got their start . Rice went on to record a solo album called Umpteen in 1997 . Steve Arnold later went on to tour as bass guitarist with Marty Stuart and Travis Tritt on their `` Double Trouble '' tour . More recently , the group 's Facebook page indicated that they had been `` in a room trying to find brand new music together . '' An October 4th , 2013 entry read , in part : `` Good week in Nashville with Human Radio , getting solid with what we have already , finding some new things in combustion mode . Moving slowly towards an inevitable future . '' On May 9th , 2015 the band played a well-received reunion gig at The Basement in Nashville . A successful Indiegogo campaign later in 2015 resulted in the independent production of Samsara ( Human Radio Records , 2016 ) with all new material written and performed by all original members of the band .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a3e9100c60dbc2935a79ff28d0f3e5a", "text": "Radio Recorders Radio Recorders , Inc. located at 7000 Santa Monica Boulevard , was a recording studio based in Los Angeles , California . Many notable musicians are reported to have been recorded in the studio include Billie Holiday , Charlie Parker , Jimmie Rodgers , Louis Armstrong , Mario Lanza , Elvis Presley , Jimi Hendrix , Frank Zappa , Paul Frees and The Carpenters among others . In its prime , the studio was known as the best recording facility in Los Angeles . During the forties and fifties , Radio Recorders was responsible for recording countless radio shows , both network and local , for delayed broadcast , not always for California , but for many western states . Telephone lines ran to all the important stations and the networks . Studio C was the nerve center with at least six recording lathes and turntables and an `` on-the-air '' playback turntable protected by a railing so that it would not be bumped while it was playing a program onto the air . The recording lathes were shock mounted in sand to prevent rumble from the street cars on Santa Monica Boulevard . For much of that era , the recordings were made and played back on lacquer coated aluminum discs , before tape recording was introduced . The room could handle several programs at once , 24 hours a day , and quite often a single engineer on duty would have his hands full . Most of the major labels used Radio Recorders well into the 1960s . Columbia , RCA Victor , Capitol , and Decca ultimately had their own facilities , but Radio Recorders was still the choice of many independent labels and both popular and classical artists , from Stravinsky to Elvis . In addition , most of the jingles were recorded there . In 1962 H.B. Barnum and Bill Aken chose the annex to record their big band version of ` Goody , Goody '' for Governor Goodwin J. ( Goodie ) Knight 's re-election campaign . Additionally in 1962 Bill Aken would record the classic ` Theme For Shock Theater , ' again with engineer Phil Yeend working the board . The main location at 7000 Santa Monica had two large studios and some smaller ones , as well as disc mastering facilities . In 1946 , the company remodeled a warehouse at 1032 North Sycamore Avenue and built a large studio , capable of handling approximately fifty musicians . This studio was known as Radio Recorders Annex , or , within the industry , just `` The Annex . '' The warehouse originally belonged to RCA Victor and `` the Annex '' was a legendary studio that Victor had built in their warehouse back in the ` 30 's . In 1965 , Radio Recorders ' star engineer , Thorne Nogar , purchased The Annex and started his own independent Annex Studios , which attracted a distinguished clientele as a full service studio , including mastering . For many years , Lawrence Welk pre-recorded the music for his popular television show , becoming the most important client ; in addition , in the 1960s and 1970s Annex mastered for such labels as Uni Records , Dot Records and Ranwood Records , as well as cutting early pressings of Barbra Streisand 's hit single `` The Way We Were . '' The Annex 's location now houses The Record Plant Studios . In the late 1980 's the studio was reopened as Studio 56 by Paul Shwartz . At that time bands such as Guns & Roses , Sugar Ray , Toni Braxton , Brandy , No Doubt and others recorded there . The documentary `` Standing in the Shadows of Motown '' was also partially filmed there . Kenneth Crouh , Keith Crouch and Leon Sylvers were all house producers there at that time . In 2002 the studio gained two new partners Pride Hutchison and Michael Dumas . The studio was then brought back to business under its original name Radio Recorders , and they enlisted the help of longtime friends Jordan Winsen and Steve Loiacano as their staff second engineers . Tom O'Brien , who was working for Schwartz , was kept on as chief engineer . In 2004 the property was declared a historic attraction but never achieved official landmark status by the city of Los Angeles . From 2002 to 2008 the studio welcomed many great projects and clients including Natalie Cole , Dwight Yoakum , Lucinda Williams , Lil ' John , Exzihbit , Annie Lennox and many more ... The facility closed again in 2008 a midst a fraud dispute between Hutchison , Dumas and Shwartz , Silent owners seeking to save the building and real estate property flipper David Bennet . In the end the building was sold in bankruptcy court . Shwartz was left broke , betrayed and feeling blindly used . With lack of capital to fight and overturn the courts decision , the silent owners were left with no moves and the legendary Radio Recorders building was gutted and demolished from the inside . The story as it goes from the inside supposedly is : Schwartz had a partner before Dumas and Hutchison who passed away and with him likely many of the studios strongest contracts . Under Schwartz mismanagement the studio struggled and subsequently defaulted on all financial obligations . Hutchinson and Dumas than found Schwartz in a vulnerable position and for a total sum if 50-60k each ( 100k ) Schwartz agreed to partner with them . It is unclear whether they were ever added to the deed or if this money ever went to debts . Its also rumored that during the period of their partnership many raves were held in soundstage studio E ( dubbed so for Elvis ) and rampant drug abuse took place and continued among the partners . It is known that methamphetamine was found in the cupboards of the studio kitchen shortly after Schwartz and that his behavior was often erratic . What than takes place is a battle for property rights among all involved both the silent partner and David Bennet claiming they paid Schwartz a sum of money for his rights . One side is that a late night meeting took place with notary a menial fee was given to Schwartz and he gave his rights . The other side is David Bennet provided compensation to both Dumas and Hutchison in excess of 50k each for their investment as well as 100k to Schwartz in return for all of their rights . The problem for Bennet being a flipper was that currently each studio was occupied by a tenant and this other silent partner was laying claim . He proceeded to systematically attempt to forge alliances under the false premises that all who helped would bennifit either from the sale / that he would n't sell the building and had no intention of gutting it but rather would maintain it as a studio/That he would sell the property atca fair price to a tenant if they helped him and could raise the capital in a small window . . Supposedly this stipulation was met and Bennet than backed out on his agreement . Hutchison and Dumas were the first to go followed by others . All gear by this point including the piano axel rose recorded November rain with was liquidated and only one studio operated in the building . When Bennet backed out of his deal ( or perhaps the money was never actually raised ) the fight for ownership intensified . Reportedly glass doors were shatterd having had the hinge pins pulled from them and orange Xs were spray painted on other wooden doors of vacant rooms when no one was around . While the silent partner and tenant had teamed up . The results were the same radio recorders studios shut its doors September 2009 . Sleepy Brown of Organized Noise would be the last artist to produce a record in the building . Despite Bennett 's best assurances the studios would all be gutted turned into accounting offices sadly only to become owned by a studio company againv . Schwartz sadly would take his own life.Today the space is used for art exhibits . In 2010 the property was once again sold and is now part of the Siren Production Company .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "080608a18623f8f4e653f471b108c0f0", "text": "The Sun Sessions The Sun Sessions is a compilation of Elvis Presley recordings at Sun Studios in 1954 and 1955 . It was issued by RCA Records in 1976 , and had been issued and charted as The Sun Collection in the UK the previous year . It features liner notes by Roy Carr of the New Musical Express .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eecd08ca4160cc411778149bb25f3c96", "text": "The Seven Descents of Myrtle The Seven Descents of Myrtle is a play by Tennessee Williams . It originally began as a short story , which Williams then turned into a one-act play , and then later revised it into the seven-act play that is accepted today . Its title character is reminiscent of another Williams ' heroine , Blanche Dubois in A Streetcar Named Desire . Originally titled Kingdom of Earth , the serio-comic play focuses on Lot , a tubercular neurotic youth who is an impotent transvestite overly attached to the memory of his late mother . He has returned to his ancestral home , a decaying house on the edge of a river on the verge of overflowing , with his new bride Myrtle , a sometime prostitute and former showgirl , the sole survivor of the Five Memphis Hot Shots . She dwells in a fantasy world of romantic illusions , one of which is to nurse Lot back to health so they can consummate their marriage , but soon discovers Lot only wants to use her to steal the deed to the property from his multiracial half-brother Chicken , who has lived on and farmed the property for years . Once he meets Myrtle , he gets some romantic designs of his own . The Broadway production was produced by David Merrick and directed by José Quintero . After two previews , it opened on March 27 , 1968 , at the Ethel Barrymore Theatre and closed after 29 performances . It starred Brian Bedford as Lot , Harry Guardino as Chicken , and Estelle Parsons as Myrtle . She was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play . In 1970 , the play was adapted to a feature film and released under the title Last of the Mobile Hot Shots ( aka `` Blood Kin '' ) . A 1975 production in London , at the Greenwood Theatre , starring Marianne Faithfull as Myrtle , was cancelled after just three performances when Ms Faithfull fell ill with peritonitis . In 1976 , the play had its West Coast premiere at The Pasadena Repertory Theatre located in The Hotel Carver in Pasadena , California . It starred Marie Peckinpah as Myrtle , Duane Waddell as Chicken , and Ed Harris as Lot . It featured a remarkable three story , rain-drenched set by Howard Whalen . The play was presented under Williams ' original title `` Kingdom of Earth '' and ran for approximately 24 weekend performances over three months . It was directed by Gill Dennis , with executive producer Duane Waddell , and produced by Kevin Cloud Brechner . In 1991 , the play was produced in the UK at the Redgrave Theatre , Farnham starring Kit Hollerbach as Myrtle , Stephen Hattersley as Chicken and Marc Warren as Lot in a production directed by Bill Bankes-Jones . Stephen Hattersley won Best Actor 1991 in the TMA Awards for his performance in this production . In 2011 it was revived at the Print Room in Notting Hill , under its alternative title Kingdom of Earth , directed by Lucy Bailey . In 2012 , Tom Hiddleston did a reading of the short story version for the series Stories Before Bedtime at the Criterion-Theatre in the United Kingdom . This short story is a more erotic version written in the first person from the perspective of Chicken .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4dd37cf10692143d85f2aae8a5a898c9", "text": "Fleetwood Mac Live Fleetwood Mac Live is a world tour by the rock group Fleetwood Mac that began on April 4 , 2013 in Columbus , Ohio . 66 shows are scheduled across 14 countries in North America and Europe . The April 18 , 2013 stop in Boston , Massachusetts was one of the first major performances given in the city following the Boston Marathon bombings three days earlier . This tour has also marked the first appearance of Christine McVie with the band since 1998 . She appeared at the last two London O2 Arena shows . On October 27 , the band announced that John McVie had been diagnosed with cancer , and that they were cancelling their New Zealand and Australian performances in order for him to undergo treatment . On November 22 , 2013 Christine McVie stated she would love to rejoin Fleetwood Mac and that John McVie 's Progress was really good . On November 26 , 2013 @officialfleetwood mac ( Via Instagram ) and FleetwoodMac.com announced that Fleetwood Mac is playing 3 last shows for their `` Extended Play '' tour . Fleetwood Mac said they would do one public show and two private shows . The last public show was played on December 30 , and the two privates shows were performed from December 31-January 1 and January 8 . At midnight on January 1 Fleetwood Mac performed `` Auid Lang Syne '' to their private audience .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f41fc194be46ebd6a2ee098c1d1d34ef", "text": "Billboard Top Rock'n'Roll Hits: 1960 Billboard Top Rock 'n' Roll Hits : 1960 is a compilation album released by Rhino Records in 1988 , featuring ten hit recordings from 1960 . One song included on this disc , The Twist by Chubby Checker , is not an original Cameo/Parkway recording but a late 60 's re-recording . The reason was because Cameo/Parkway 's collection of songs was not able to be licensed for release on CD at that time . Rhino , therefore could not include the original recording . It is a rare instance that Rhino would substitute an original recording for a newer recording . Two versions of this volume in the `` Billboard Top Hits '' series were released . The original version was released in 1988 and included two appearances by Elvis Presley : `` It 's Now or Never '' and `` Stuck on You . '' In 1993 , the album was re-released and replaced the two Elvis songs with Joe Jones ' `` You Talk Too Much '' and Brenda Lee 's `` Sweet Nothin 's . '' The track lineup on the original 1988 release includes eight songs that reached the top of the Billboard Hot 100 chart . The substitution of the Elvis Presley tracks on the re-release brings that number down to six . On both releases , all tracks reached the Hot 100 's Top 10 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bc7212a2969125051c05f04056192066", "text": "Elvis (1973 album) Elvis is a 1973 album by American singer and musician Elvis Presley . It sold over 1 million copies worldwide despite being released soon after the much more successful Aloha from Hawaii album . It is sometimes called The Fool album after one of the songs included in it , to differentiate it from the 1956 album of the same title . `` Fool '' was issued as a single and reached number 15 in the UK , backed by a live version of `` Steamroller Blues '' . `` Fool '' and `` Where Do I Go From Here '' were recorded in March 1972 . `` It 's Impossible '' is a live recording from the Hilton Hotel in Las Vegas from February 1972 . Tracks 3 , 4 , 6 -- 10 were leftovers from the March and May 1971 recording sessions at RCA 's Studio B in Nashville . Three songs feature Presley on piano : `` It 's Still Here '' , `` I 'll Take You Home Again , Kathleen '' and `` I Will Be True '' . These three selections were all released together for a second time as part of the 1980 boxed set , Elvis Aron Presley . The song `` Fool '' was also released in this collection . Four other songs in this album were also reissued in other albums : `` It 's Impossible '' ( Pure Gold , 1975 ) , `` Padre '' ( He Walks Beside Me , 1978 ) , '' ( That 's What You Get ) For Lovin ' Me '' ( A Canadian Tribute , 1978 ) and `` Do n't Think Twice , It 's All Right '' ( Our Memories Of Elvis Volume 2 , 1979 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "190823ba369ad493c2e35a04aa148f56", "text": "Rock-A-Hula Baby `` Rock-A-Hula Baby ( `` Twist '' Special ) '' is a song performed by Elvis Presley for the 1961 movie Blue Hawaii . Written by Ben Weisman , Fred Wise , and Dolores Fuller , it is a genre mix of Hawaiian folk and rock and roll . It was the first song published by Fuller , who would eventually co-write a dozen songs for Presley . A double A-sided release with `` Ca n't Help Falling in Love '' , it peaked at No. 1 in the UK Singles Chart in February 1962 , and spent four weeks at the chart summit . The song has appeared on several compilation albums due to its chart success . The title song of the 1992 movie Rock-a-Doodle parodied `` Rock-A-Hula Baby '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b879b4ed179fa7b6454c0437d5f79f58", "text": "Ronnie McDowell Ronald Dean `` Ronnie '' McDowell ( born March 25 , 1950 ) is an American country music artist . He is best known for his 1977 song `` The King Is Gone '' , a tribute to Elvis Presley , who had recently died . From that single onward , McDowell charted more than thirty Top 40 hits on the Billboard country music charts . Two of his singles -- `` Older Women '' and `` You 're Gon na Ruin My Bad Reputation '' -- reached Number One on the country charts , while eleven more reached Top Ten . He has also released more than twenty studio albums , and has been signed to Curb Records since 1986 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "88389568aaedbbbf849d07898c8f5d6f", "text": "Chaos and Creation at Abbey Road Chaos and Creation at Abbey Road , recorded on 28 July 2005 , was a live concert given by Paul McCartney at Abbey Road Studios , specifically Studio 2 , where many of The Beatles ' recordings were made . Chaos and Creation at Abbey Road was meant as a promotion for McCartney 's album Chaos and Creation in the Backyard . As the audience was of close friends and selected fans , the concert was intimate in nature and was littered with monologues and song fragments . It was shown on BBC Two in the United Kingdom on 17 December 2005 , and on PBS in the United States on 27 February 2006 as part of the performing arts series Great Performances . McCartney plays left-handed and right-handed guitars , drums , harmonium , double bass , Mellotron , and even wine glasses in a reworking of the Wings song `` Band on the Run '' . He also reworks the Beatles ' track `` Lady Madonna '' , which he calls `` Old Lady in New Clothes '' , with a much slower tempo and a swung melody line . The bass McCartney uses on his performance of `` Heartbreak Hotel '' once belonged to Bill Black , Elvis Presley 's bass player who died in 1965 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b37ce7169a25b67889be3b98b23f8c12", "text": "American Music Awards of 1980 The 7th Annual American Music Awards were held on January 18 , 1980 .", "title": "" } ]
fever
02420b74e6aa6e431590303bbff69602
Collision Course is a collection songs released as a single group.
[ { "docid": "bede7edfdae5fddc6fb1ff0fc29e7f7a", "text": "Collision Course (album) Collision Course is a collaborative EP from American rapper Jay-Z and nu metal band Linkin Park , released on November 30 , 2004 by Roc-A-Fella , Machine Shop , Warner Bros. and Def Jam records . Before the album , Jay-Z had released collaborations with The Roots and R. Kelly , and Linkin Park had collaborated with various artists on their remix album Reanimation . The album was inspired by The Grey Album by Danger Mouse , which was a mash-up album between Jay-Z and The Beatles . MTV had originally planned on mashing up only one or two songs , but the project was eventually expanded to a six song EP . The album was mostly produced by Mike Shinoda and Jay-Z , and was recorded between July 16 and July 19 . Upon release , Collision Course reached # 1 on the Billboard 200 . As of June 2014 , it has sold 2 million copies in the United States alone . The album spawned one single , Numb/Encore which eventually won Best Rap/Sung Collaboration at the 2006 Grammy Awards .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "874cd5c345e359991d11f22ec4c1f3f3", "text": "Now That's What I Call Music! 78 (UK series) Now That 's What I Call Music ! 78 or Now ! 78 is a double-disc compilation album that was released in the United Kingdom on 11 April 2011 on CD and downloadable formats . The album is the 78th edition of the UK Now ! series . Now 78 features six songs which reached number one on the UK Singles Chart : `` Grenade '' , `` We R Who We R '' , `` When We Collide '' , `` Price Tag '' , `` What 's My Name ? '' , and `` The Time ( Dirty Bit ) '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8a4a7b98ea4f9bb7ffb7089ead8c6c54", "text": "Double album A double album ( or double record ) is an audio album which spans two units of the primary medium in which it is sold , typically records and compact discs . A double album is usually though not always released as such , because the recording is longer than the capacity of the medium . Recording artists often think of double albums as comprising a single piece artistically ; however , there are exceptions such as John Lennon 's Some Time in New York City and Pink Floyd 's Ummagumma ( both examples of one studio record and one live album packaged together ) and OutKast 's Speakerboxxx/The Love Below ( effectively two solo albums , one by each member of the duo ) . A classic example of this idea is Works ( Volume One ) by Emerson Lake and Palmer , where side one was Keith Emerson , two Greg Lake , three Carl Palmer while side four was by the entire group . Since the advent of the compact disc , albums are sometimes released with a bonus disc featuring additional material as a supplement to the main album , with live tracks , studio out-takes , cut songs , or older unreleased material . One innovation is the accompaniment of a CD with a DVD of related material , such as video related to the album or DVD-Audio versions of the same recordings . These could be regarded as a new form of double album ; some such discs were also released on a two-sided format called DualDisc . Due to the limitations of the gramophone record , many albums primarily released on the format were under 40 minutes long . This has led to record labels re-releasing two of these albums on one CD , thus making a double album . The same principles apply to the triple album , which comprises three units . Packages with more units than three are often packaged as a box set .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "372145511db120eed5ead35af6a069f1", "text": "Singles Going Steady Singles Going Steady is a compilation album by English punk rock band Buzzcocks , first released on I.R.S. Records in the US on 25 September 1979 . It was the first Buzzcocks album to be released in North America and intended as an introduction to the band for the American public , coinciding with a US tour . After healthy sales on import in the UK over the next two years , and following the group 's split in early 1981 , the album was belatedly released in the band 's home country on United Artists Records on 16 November 1981 as a ` greatest hits ' album . However , as in the US , the album failed to chart . Side one of the original release of the album featured their eight UK single releases from 1977 up to the time of Singles Going Steady 's release in 1979 in chronological order , while side two featured their corresponding B-sides , also in chronological order . The album was reissued in expanded form on compact disc in 2001 with an extra eight tracks , featuring the A-sides and B-sides of Buzzcocks ' four singles released between Singles Going Steady and the group 's break-up .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b870d051f505ce0929d9033ca819d841", "text": "E.Y.C. (band) E.Y.C. ( also known as Express Yourself Clearly ) was an American pop/R & B group . Its members were Damon Butler , Dave Loeffler and Trey McKay Parker . E.Y.C. failed to find success in their home country , but became more popular abroad in the United Kingdom and Australia . They scored six Top 40 hits in the UK Singles Chart before disbanding . Controversy surrounded the release of their track `` Black Book '' ; which was released as a special edition CD featuring the names of all the fans that had signed up to their mailing list encouraging them to purchase the CD . This resulted in the group scoring their biggest hit when the track peaked at Number 13 in the UK chart . They also appeared on the Childliners single , The Gift Of Christmas , alongside acts such as Backstreet Boys , Boyzone , MN8 , Sean Maguire , Deuce , Ultimate Kaos , Let Loose , East 17 , Peter Andre , Michelle Gayle and Dannii Minogue . Robbie Williams & Gary Barlow & Jason Orange & Howard Donland & Mark Owen & Kylie Minogue & Alexa Chung & Alex Zane .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "83abe8bf699d1f4be4b8c7a21b41d64d", "text": "Collide (band) Collide is an American music duo founded in 1992 , in Los Angeles , California , United States , that has incorporated elements of trip hop , synthpop and music from the Middle East into their sound . Their imagery is said to be a wicked and neo-dark version of Scheherazade 's Arabian Nights tales . The name comes from the ` collision ' of musical styles , primarily the ethereal vocals provided by kaRIN and the electronic music provided by Statik . Collide 's debut album , Beneath the Skin , was released in 1996 , followed by a remix album , Distort , in 1998 containing remixes by artists such as Kneel Cohn of the bands Spirits In Sin and The Dead Stars On Hollywood . Dissatisfied with the music industry , Collide started their own record label , Noiseplus Music , and in 2000 , they released their second studio album , Chasing the Ghost . Three years later , they released their third studio album , Some Kind of Strange . The following year , the band released another remix album , Vortex , containing remixes by numerous remix artists , including Charlie Clouser . Joining kaRIN and Statik this time around , and for their first live performances a little later in the year , were Scott Landes ( guitar ) , Rogerio Silva ( guitar ) , Chaz Pease ( drums ) , and Kai Kurosawa ( Warr guitars/bass ) . In 2005 Collide released a DVD , entitled Like the Hunted , along with a live CD . Then they recorded with Curve 's Dean Garcia in a project called The Secret Meeting . The album , Ultrashiver , was released under their Noiseplus label on June 26 , 2007 . On September 23 , 2008 , the band released their fourth studio album Two Headed Monster . Special guests on the album included Danny Carey from Tool and Dean Garcia from Curve . At Halloween 2009 , the album These Eyes Before was released . It was a 10-song album of cover versions of well-known songs by artists such as The Beatles , Depeche Mode , Radiohead , and Pink Floyd . Currently , they are offering a free song in exchange for donations which will go towards the recording of a new album . In January 2011 , Collide was nominated for The 10th Annual Independent Music Awards under the Cover Song category for `` The Lunatics Have Taken Over the Asylum '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "91e1bd7c8b5fdb9ef261f1f386a25b51", "text": "Singles. Period. The Vinyl Years 1980–1990 Singles . Period . The Vinyl Years 1980 -- 1990 is a compilation album by Dutch punk rock band The Ex , containing most of their singles released between 1980 and 1990 . The collection does not include the band 's double-single 1936 , The Spanish Revolution , nor their `` 6 '' series or their collaborations with artists such as Chumbawumba and Dog Faced Hermans ) . Singles . Period . was released in 2005 by Touch and Go Records during a time when The Ex 's material was only being issued physically on compact disc . The band later returned to releasing albums on vinyl , and even began to issue new 7 '' singles in 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bb78d839de029f4f8e6ccfea7cca6929", "text": "The Pussycat Dolls discography The discography of American girl group The Pussycat Dolls consists of two studio albums , one extended play , two live albums , 14 singles , two promotional singles and 13 music videos . To date , the group has sold 15 million albums and 40 million singles worldwide . In 2003 , Robin Antin struck a joint venture with Interscope Records to develop the Pussycat Dolls into a recording group . In 2004 , the group made their musical debut by releasing a cover of `` Sway '' , for the soundtrack to the film , Shall We Dance ? . Their self-titled debut album was released in September 2005 and it peaked at number five on the Billboard 200 . It earned double platinum certification in the United States by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) , and 3 × platinum in Australia by the Australian Recording Industry Association ( ARIA ) , and 4 × platinum the United Kingdom by the British Phonographic Industry ( BPI ) . The album 's lead single , `` Do n't Cha '' , peaked atop the charts in 15 countries and reached number two on the Billboard Hot 100 and was certified platinum by the RIAA . Its follow-up singles , `` Stickwitu '' and `` Buttons '' were also a commercial success peaking in the top five on charts worldwide . After the success of their debut album , The Pussycat Dolls released their first video album , Pussycat Dolls : Live from London in 2006 to coincide with the group 's headlining world tour . As of 2008 , PCD has sold 3 million copies in the United States . After a three-year hiatus in hopes to further Scherzinger 's own solo career , the group reunited to record their second and final studio album , Doll Domination in September 2008 . Scherzinger began to receive a larger input in the recording process as co-writer and co-producer of the album . Doll Domination garnered a higher peak position than PCD of number four on Billboard 200 , but failed to match its predecessor 's commercial success . Its lead single `` When I Grow Up '' became another top ten single for the group . `` I Hate This Part '' was released as the second single and managed to attain similar success . In early 2009 , Doll Domination was re-released as two compilation albums . The lead single from Doll Domination 2.0 was `` Jai Ho ! ( You Are My Destiny ) '' which reached number one in 17 countries and follow-up single `` Hush Hush ; Hush Hush '' reached the top 20 worldwide . In 2010 , the original recording group line-up disbanded .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "893ff980153ab9646b7858ef71c408a3", "text": "Once Upon a Time: The Singles Once Upon a Time : The Singles is Siouxsie and the Banshees 's 1981 compilation album featuring the band 's UK single releases to date . The album featured several songs that had been released as singles yet had not appeared on any of the Banshees ' four albums . Once Upon a Time : The Singles spent twenty six weeks in the UK albums chart . A tie-in VHS video was released in the UK the same year on PolyGram 's Spectrum label ( catalogue number 7915062 ) . Running for 30 minutes , it featured the videos to the eight singles , but replaced `` Mirage '' and `` Love in a Void '' with `` Red Light '' from the `` Kaleidoscope '' album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "90025ca690747635a21b9afb9bc9c0b0", "text": "D. Train (album) `` D '' Train ( a.k.a. You 're the One for Me ) is the debut album by the American urban/post-disco group D-Train , released in United States on 1982 by Prelude Records , and in United Kingdom by Epic Records . The album was remastered by Canadian label `` Unidisc Records '' in 1992 including five bonus tracks . The album was produced by its musical group member Hubert Eaves III .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18d8fe919416130da33c00d94423d287", "text": "Hits 7 The Hits Album 7 or Hits 7 is a compilation album that was released in December 1987 by CBS , BMG , and WEA . It reached # 2 in the UK Albums Chart ( held off by Now 10 , another compilation ) . This was the first in the Hits series to be released on double-CD . It contained 32 tracks , 15 of which appeared on the VHS collection , The Hits Video 7 . Hits 7 features two songs which reached number one on the UK Singles Chart : `` You Win Again '' and `` Never Gon na Give You Up '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "28de4d5aaef71fd0f082eda9be7d63f7", "text": "Solo (American band) Solo is an American R&B musical group from New York , New York . The original members were Robert Anderson , Darnell Chavis , Eunique Mack and Daniel Stokes . The group recorded their eponymous debut album in Minneapolis and released it in 1995 . Released on Perspective Records , the album featured production primarily by Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis . The album produced four singles ( `` Heaven '' , `` Where Do U Want Me to Put It '' , `` He 's Not Good Enough '' and `` Blowin ' My Mind '' ) and was eventually certified gold . Solo released their second album , 4 Bruthas & a Bass , in 1998 . The album produced only one single , `` Touch Me '' , which peaked at # 59 on the Billboard Hot 100 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f9220d3092b617e5e20bbc8c6468be44", "text": "Together (S Club Juniors album) Together is the debut album by S Club Juniors . It was released in 2002 and went to number 5 on the UK Albums Chart . The album has sold over 600,000 copies in the UK , making it 2 × Platinum . The track `` One Step Closer '' was also released by another 19 Management act , American Juniors . `` You Are the One '' is a rewritten version of `` From All of Us '' by Girl Thing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9acdffed3002639ed08508de2f8d0e31", "text": "Boys Brigade (band) Boys Brigade was a Canadian new wave band formed in 1981 in Toronto . The band consisted of vocalist and keyboardist Malcolm Burn , guitarist and vocalist Tony Lester , bass guitarist Wayne Lorenz , drummer Billie Brock and percussionists and backup vocalists David Porter and Jeff Packer . The nucleus of Boys Brigade grew out of Toronto punk band , Arson , which broke up when lead singer and songwriter Rude Van Steenes quit in 1981 . Boys Brigade was originally booked by Raymond Perkins ( Roots , Demics ) . The band played an eclectic collection of venues in Toronto , many of which were not known for live music at the time , including the now popular Rex Hotel and the more famous Drake Hotel . Part of the Queen Street West scene , the band 's song `` Mannequin '' appeared on Q107 's annual compilation album of local bands , Homegrown , in 1981 . Howard Ungerleider , the lighting designer for Rush , signed a management agreement with the band that year , that was later signed over to Ray Danniels ' SRO . Geddy Lee was enlisted to produce the band 's self-titled debut album in 1983 . Engineered by Nick Blagona ( Rolling Stones ) , the sessions were stretched over six months , to accommodate Geddy 's touring schedules . The band 's first single from that album , `` The Passion of Love '' , was moderately successful . `` Melody '' , the follow-up single , was a Top 40 hit in Canada , and `` bubbled under '' on Billboard 's US charts , peaking at No. 104 . `` Into the Flow '' appeared on the soundtrack to the Canadian film Heavenly Bodies starring Cynthia Dale the following year . An exceptional live performance of the band for the King Biscuit Flower Hour can be heard on Wolfgang 's Vault . However , internal tensions led the band to break up before releasing another album . Burn went on to a solo career , and is a Grammy Award winning record producer . Tones has written and produced six independent CDs to date . The first of his solo work was released in January 2006 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "013c1bd5f11aa53dce7d934e80ecb5bc", "text": "2007 in downloadable songs for the Rock Band series The Rock Band series of music video games supports downloadable songs for the Xbox 360 , PlayStation 3 , and Wii versions through the consoles ' respective online services . Users can download songs on a track-by-track basis , with many of the tracks also offered as part of a `` song pack '' or complete album at a discounted rate . These packs are available for the Wii only on Rock Band 3 . Most downloadable songs are playable within every game mode , including the Band World Tour career mode . All downloadable songs released before October 26 , 2010 are cross-compatible between Rock Band , Rock Band 2 and Rock Band 3 , while those after only work with Rock Band 3 . Certain songs deemed `` suitable for all ages '' by Harmonix are also available for use in Lego Rock Band . The Wii version of Rock Band does not support downloadable content , but Rock Band 2 and Rock Band 3 do , with DLC first made available in January 2009 . Songs from the back catalogue of downloadable content were released for the Wii weekly in an effort by Harmonix to provide Wii players with every previously available song . Following the release of Rock Band 4 for the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One , all previously purchased downloadable content for Rock Band 3 and earlier is forward compatible ( with the exception of any downloadable content purchased for The Beatles : Rock Band ) within the same system family at no additional cost . 32 downloadable Rock Band songs were released in 2007 , 15 of which appeared alongside the launch of Rock Band on November 20 , including song packs for Queens of the Stone Age , Metallica , and The Police .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "113035d311731c68055f2e8a8381ef45", "text": "Collision Course (Bayley novel) Collision Course ( Collision with Chronos ) is the fourth novel by the science fiction author Barrington J. Bayley . The novel was inspired by the multiple time dimensions proposed by J. W. Dunne . The plot centers on the collision of two alternate `` presents '' , with disastrous implications for reality .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b2d25b245cb47f5149e5cea7320e0fa4", "text": "Before We Met: A Collection of Old Songs Before We Met : A Collection of Old Songs is a compilation by American rock band Man Overboard , released on March 2 , 2010 . It 's composed of the five tracks from their initial EP Hung Up on Nothing and five other previously-unreleased songs . A couple of the new song titles were altered a little from their original names -- `` The Usual Results '' has been renamed from `` You Bitch ( The Usual Results ) '' , and `` Top Eight '' has been shortened from `` I 'm Taking You Out of My Top Eight '' . The opening track , `` Love Your Friends , Die Laughing '' , has been slightly remastered to give the acoustic guitars a ` bigger ' sound , giving it more of a live sound in keeping with the ethos of the song . Track 5 , `` Dude , Are You Kidding Me ? '' , also has a marginally extended runtime ( 16 seconds ) from its original length on Hung Up On Nothing , due to an added sound clip on the end of it . Before We Met was reissued on January 7 , 2013 on new vinyl pressings in gatefold form , CD , and cassette . The reissue features 5 extra tracks , which were previously unreleased demos . The demos are of tracks 2-5 , and then 8 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b0abf873a90b8ef80a7ad80aafd53c77", "text": "Blur 21 Blur 21 is a CD , DVD and vinyl box set encompassing the vast majority of music by Blur . It was released on 30 July 2012 , commemorating the 21st anniversary of the release of Leisure , the band 's first album . The release took place before the band 's performance at Hyde Park as part of the 2012 Summer Olympics closing ceremony . One version of the box-set consists of eighteen CDs , three DVDs , one vinyl 7 '' record ( of the early Seymour track `` Superman '' ) and a hardcover book acting as a complete biography of the band . The CDs contain all seven Blur albums , with the first five remastered , with each album receiving a new second disc of B-side material ; as well as four ` rarities ' discs containing mostly previously unreleased material . The DVDs contain Showtime , The Singles Night and an all-new rarities disc . It is the band 's most retrospective release . Another boxset , Blur 21 Vinyl Edition , was released at the same time , featuring the band 's seven studio albums on heavyweight vinyl , each of the LPs repackaged as a double album except for Leisure , a single album . The vinyl edition does not , however , include any previously unreleased material . As above , the Blur 21 CD/DVD/7 '' single pack contains many previously unreleased recordings , including the long-awaited releases of previously known about songs like `` Pap Pop , '' `` Beached Whale '' and `` Sir Elton John 's Cock . '' Yet some previously released songs by the band have not been listed as featuring on the box set , such as `` Colours , '' a Think Tank outtake released as a fan club single in 2003 . Likewise , some unreleased songs are not featured on the box set , like `` Death Metal , '' a jam session from the 13 sessions in 1998 , and `` For Old Time 's Sake , '' recorded in 1993 for The Sunday Sunday Popular Community Song CD , but left off the EP , due to it possibly being deleted or lost . Additionally , no material from the band 's 1998 live recording and remix album Bustin ' + Dronin ' appears on the box set . Rarities 4 , one of the bonus albums in the box set , features an early mix of `` Under the Westway '' with some differences between it and the 2012 single version . The box set also includes a special code to download all the music content as MP3 , along with all the Blurb magazine issues and extra content with audio commentary and unreleased footage per album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a13be2c0ed782ccdd674c9b371c80dc1", "text": "Chronicles (Rush album) Chronicles is a double compilation album by Canadian rock band Rush , released in 1990 ( see 1990 in music ) . The collection was assembled without the participation of the band . A companion edition of Rush music videos from 1981-1987 , titled Chronicles : The Video Collection , was also released on VHS and laserdisc . The video edition was re-released on a single DVD in 2001 . This was the band 's first album to be released in the 1990s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd757b2ab672524fd8e54c3ad89d1087", "text": "The Collection (Beverley Knight album) The Collection : Beverley Knight is the second compilation album by English singer-songwriter Beverley Knight released via Parlophone on 20 July 2009 after Knight 's departure from the record label . The album comprises a mixture of previously released singles , some of which were not available on her Voice - The Best of Beverley Knight album , including her only other top 40 single `` Rewind ( Find a Way ) '' . The Collection also contains three previously released B-sides , `` Weekend Thing '' , `` What If ? '' and `` Special Kinda Cool '' , unavailable on any other Beverley Knight album . All songs were recorded throughout her eleven-year contract with Parlophone . The versions of `` After You '' and `` Shape of You '' are the original album versions and not those released as singles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9ca5a0e31f8b0a0a40d1053cf24f34d1", "text": "Collected (Limp Bizkit album) Collected is the third compilation album by American rock band Limp Bizkit . Released in 2008 , it a retrospective compilation album from the band 's albums Three Dollar Bill , Yall $ , Significant Other , Chocolate Starfish and the Hot Dog Flavored Water , Results May Vary and The Unquestionable Truth ( Part 1 ) .", "title": "" } ]
fever
35609829ec930c943447e26270fda55d
Nina Simone is from North Carolina.
[ { "docid": "a10e97350c98b8e0ac8ab5b8e2f94c74", "text": "Nina Simone Nina Simone ( -LSB- ˈniːnə_sᵻˈmoʊn -RSB- born Eunice Kathleen Waymon ; February 21 , 1933 -- April 21 , 2003 ) was an American singer , songwriter , pianist , arranger , and activist in the Civil Rights Movement . Simone employed a broad range of musical styles including classical , jazz , blues , folk , R&B , gospel , and pop . Born in North Carolina , the sixth child of a preacher , Waymon aspired to be a concert pianist . With the help of a few supporters in her hometown of Tryon , North Carolina , she enrolled in the Juilliard School of Music in New York . Waymon then applied for a scholarship to study at the prestigious Curtis Institute of Music in Philadelphia , where she was denied despite a well-received audition . Waymon became fully convinced this rejection had been entirely due to her race , a statement that has been a matter of controversy . Years later , two days before her death , the Curtis Institute of Music bestowed on her an honorary degree . To make a living , Eunice Waymon changed her name to `` Nina Simone '' . The change related to her need to disguise herself from family members , having chosen to play `` the devil 's music '' or `` cocktail piano '' at a nightclub in Atlantic City . She was told in the nightclub that she would have to sing to her own accompaniment , and this effectively launched her career as a jazz vocalist . Simone recorded more than 40 albums , mostly between 1958 , when she made her debut with Little Girl Blue , and 1974 . She had a hit in the United States in 1958 with `` I Loves You , Porgy '' . Simone 's musical style fused gospel and pop with classical music , in particular Johann Sebastian Bach , and accompanied expressive , jazz-like singing in her contralto voice .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "e9f45fd32ad6ee8e13e09cea6305074d", "text": "Rico Love Richard `` Rico '' Preston Butler , Jr. ( born December 3 , 1982 ) , better known by his stage name Rico Love , is an American songwriter , record producer and singer . He was born in New Orleans , Louisiana , but split his childhood between Milwaukee , Wisconsin and New York City 's Harlem neighborhood . He attended Florida A&M and , while visiting Atlanta , Georgia , worked his way into the music industry through connections with Usher , who would become Love 's mentor . The first song Love ever wrote in his career was `` Throwback '' for which ended up on Usher 's 2004 album `` Confessions . '' Love success continued writing and producing hit records such as Usher 's `` There Goes My Baby '' and `` Hey Daddy ( Daddy 's Home ) '' , Nelly 's `` Just a Dream '' and `` Gone '' , as well as Beyoncé Knowles ' `` Sweet Dreams '' . and has contributed to works which have gone on to win Grammys such as Beyoncé 's 2009 Best Contemporary R&B album I Am ... Sasha Fierce , Usher 's 2010 Best Contemporary R&B album Raymond v. Raymond , and Usher 's 2010 Best Male R&B Vocal Performance `` There Goes My Baby '' . In addition Love has written and produced records for Kelly Rowland , Diddy -- Dirty Money , Chris Brown , Alexandra Burke , Keri Hilson , Fergie , and Fantasia . Love is also the CEO of Division1 , a record label which partnered with Interscope Records in 2013 . Love has appeared as a featured artist on records with T.I. , Usher , Jermaine Dupri , Jamie Foxx , Rich Boy , and Fat Joe .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "878bf4ac93b79fafb61d2c3692c63056", "text": "Simone Philip Kamel Simone Philip Kamel ( born June 16 , 1966 ) is an Egyptian singer , that throughout the 1990s was famous for her soprano voice . Her most famous songs include '' مش نظرة وابتسامة '' ( Not just a look and a smile ) , '' تاكسي '' ( Taxi ) , '' خاف مني '' ( Be afraid of Me ) , '' مبسوطة '' ( Happy ) , '' تاني تاني '' ( Again again ) , '' مرسي '' ( Thank you ) , '' ساعتى مش مظبوطة '' ( My watch is not accurate ) , '' كازانوفا '' ( Casanova ) , '' بتكلم جد '' ( I 'm talking seriously ) . She also released a Greek/Arabic song called `` Munawar '' for the Greek-Egyptian Friendship Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "95c5933c8b7f260d93451c927b24cf09", "text": "WOCN-FM WOCN-FM ( 104.7 FM , `` Ocean 104.7 '' ) is an Adult Contemporary radio station licensed to Orleans , Massachusetts . The station is licensed to Sandab Communications ( doing business as Cape Cod Broadcasting ) and operated locally . WOCN-FM is a sister station to WQRC , WFCC-FM , and WKPE-FM . WOCN-FM is frequently one of the Cape 's most listened to radio stations , especially among adults 45 and older . The current on-air line up includes heritage radio host Dave Read , Donna Credit , Karen Blake & Cat Wilson . Artists that are played on WOCN-FM include the Beatles , Carly Simon , James Taylor , Norah Jones , Fleetwood Mac and others . WOCN-FM continues to serve the Cape Cod community with hourly weather forecasts , news updates and community information . Although previously playing more soft AC , it has shifted to play more current songs ( e.g. Mariah Carey , Sara Barelles , The Band Perry , Sheryl Crow , Cher ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b04161fffd309136a4a9a120f4c3946b", "text": "Simone Sello Simone Sello ( born July 4 , 1968 ) is an Italian born guitarist , music producer , songwriter and music journalist . He is known for his work with the Sanremo Festival Orchestra , Chicanery , Billy Sheehan , Aaron Carter , Disney , Hannah Montana , Vasco Rossi , Amber Lily , and Warren Cuccurullo , both as a producer and guitarist ; and as a journalist for the magazines Chitarre , Strumenti Musicali , Accordo and Ganzo . He is an owner of music production companies RedRum Productions , Session Recording and MusicDemoProducer.com , with each company oriented towards a distinct clientele . RedRum Productions is geared towards contemporary music production for artists , film and TV ; Session Recording mostly caters to projects outside the Los Angeles area , and MusicDemoProducer.com aims to bring a simplified approach to professional music production to any user , over the web . His musical upbringing is based on classical violin studies , as well as watching and hearing his father play guitar , but he never took a formal guitar lesson , in spite of his career as a guitar player . His influences include major classical and jazz composers and performers , ( Bach , Ravel , Miles Davis , Weather Report ) , pop and rock acts ( The Beatles , David Bowie , Pink Floyd , Metallica , Lucio Battisti ) , and experimental artists ( Luciano Berio , Brian Eno , Terje Rypdal , Klaus Schulze ) . Equally interested in performing , composing and producing music , Simone started getting hired to play guitar for recording sessions and live performances by artists in his hometown Rome when he was 17 years old , and eventually became known on a national level . While building a long list of musical collaborations , he started writing articles for magazines , thus achieving a different kind of exposure , still in the music field . At the age of 29 , he moved to Los Angeles to push his musician and journalist careers , by joining a big international scene .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eca6b878d58343dd16a6c73a6770a25c", "text": "Simone Egeriis Simone Egeriis ( born January 28 , 1992 ) , better known as simply Simone , is a Danish pop singer . She was born and raised in Slagelse , Denmark . She is known in Denmark for winning the Danish TV talent show Scenen er din ( ` The Stage is Yours ' ) in the category Junior Singing . She has since released three studio albums - her debut was called Vindens Farver or Colours of the Wind , the song from Disney 's Pocahontas , with which she won Scenen er Din . She also plays the violin and the piano .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "92f5a9cd633c2d502948f45379452cd2", "text": "North Carolina judicial elections, 2014 Four justices of the seven-member North Carolina Supreme Court and four judges of the 15-member North Carolina Court of Appeals were elected by North Carolina voters on November 4 , 2014 , concurrently with other state elections . Terms for seats on each court are eight years . Assessing the election results , Politifact writer Louis Jacobson noted that Supreme Court races in North Carolina and other states yielded `` better-than-average results '' for Democrats , who otherwise suffered heavy defeats across the country . `` In a series of hotly contested North Carolina contests , two Democratic-leaning judges -LSB- Ervin and Hudson -RSB- prevailed , one Democrat -LSB- Beasley -RSB- was leading in a very close race , and one Republican -LSB- Chief Justice Martin -RSB- was re-elected , '' Jacobson wrote . At the Court of Appeals level , two Democrats , Lucy Inman and Mark Davis , and one Republican , John Tyson , were elected in contested races , while another Republican , Donna Stroud , was re-elected without opposition . North Carolina ranked second among all states in total spending on judicial election campaigns in 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c78866480302a947575c28ffd0332291", "text": "Niña La Niña ( Spanish for The Girl ) was one of the three Spanish ships used by Italian explorer Christopher Columbus in his first voyage to the West Indies in 1492 . As was tradition for Spanish ships of the day , she bore a female saint 's name , Santa Clara . However , she was commonly referred to by her nickname , La Niña , which was probably a pun on the name of her owner , Juan Niño of Moguer . She was a standard caravel-type vessel . The other ships of the Columbus expedition were the caravel-type and the carrack-type . Niña was by far Columbus 's favorite . She was originally lateen sail rigged caravela latina , but she was re-rigged as caravela redonda at Las Palmas , in the Canary Islands , with square sails for better ocean performance . There is no authentic documentation on the specifics of Niñas design , although Michele de Cuneo , who accompanied Columbus on his second voyage , mentioned that Niña was `` about 60 toneladas '' ( 60 tons ) , which may indicate a medium-sized caravel of around 50 ft in length on deck . Often said to have had three masts , there is some evidence she may have had four masts . Niña , like Pinta and Santa María , was a smaller trade ship built to sail the Mediterranean sea , not the open ocean . It was greatly surpassed in size by ships like of the Hanseatic League , built in 1462 , 51 m in length , and the English carrack , built during the period 1420 -- 1439 , 66.4 m in length and weighing between 1,400 tons and 2,750 tons .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "265e522b29c492fb85a0a5379f0100ba", "text": "Piedmont Crescent The Piedmont Crescent , also known as the Piedmont Urban Crescent , is a large , polycentric urbanized region in the U.S. state of North Carolina that forms the northern section of the rapidly developing Piedmont Atlantic megalopolis ( or `` megaregion '' ) , a conurbation also known as the `` I-85 Boombelt '' , which extends from the Raleigh area ) to Atlanta , Georgia in the southeastern United States . Residents commonly attribute development of the Crescent communities to the Indian Trading Path and related settlements established by indigenous peoples long before European contact . The Trading Path was also used by European traders , and later by settlers entering the backcountry regions of the piedmont of North Carolina , South Carolina and Georgia . Forming the shape of a crescent in North Carolina , the region is located in the central Piedmont area of the state . European-American settlement progressed generally from the east to the west , from what is now metropolitan Raleigh-Durham and the Research Triangle area at its eastern edge , through the Piedmont Triad cities of Greensboro and Winston-Salem at its center , and southwest to metropolitan Charlotte . This region has undergone sustained population and economic growth ( acutely in the Charlotte and Raleigh areas ) since the late 19th century , a trend that has accelerated since the late 20th century . It is notable as the fourth-largest manufacturing region in the country , as well as an international center of banking and finance , textiles , biotech and high technology . The region includes seven of North Carolina 's eight largest cities and encompasses many smaller cities , towns and suburban areas , as well as the metropolitan centers of the Research Triangle , Piedmont Triad , and Charlotte Metropolitan Area . It is home to almost two-thirds of North Carolina 's population . Ten major universities -- Duke , NC State , UNC Chapel Hill , UNC Charlotte , NC Central , Wake Forest , UNC-Greensboro , NC A&T State University , Elon University and High Point University -- and three international airports ( CLT , RDU and GSO ) , as well as the world-renowned Research Triangle Park , also are located in the region . Its three Combined Statistical Areas have a total population of about 6 million people ( Raleigh-Durham , 1.98 million ; Greensboro , High Point , Winston-Salem , 1.66 million ; and Charlotte , 2.62 million ) , together representing over 63 % of the state 's total population . The Piedmont Crescent name is thought to have been coined when the North Carolina Railroad company first laid tracks through the area in 1855-56 . The railway , which was named the `` Piedmont Crescent Railroad '' , brought extensive growth to the communities along its route . These evolved to comprise today 's interlinked urbanized region . Although the freight and passenger rail corridor remains of critical importance , the region 's Interstate 85 and Interstate 40 freeway system serves as its primary transportation link today .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2ef9f6311fd26153a9f6e084211b7fab", "text": "Nina Simone at Newport Nina Simone at Newport is an album by jazz singer and musician Nina Simone . It was her second live album for Colpix , recorded at the Newport Jazz Festival on June 30 , 1960 . All arrangements were written by Nina Simone , and it was produced by Stu Phillips .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f1f842e6f53ef3685d4d6d5d8030823c", "text": "Day Dreaming (Nina Sky song) `` Day Dreaming '' is a single by American duo Nina Sky from their third studio album , Nicole and Natalie , released on February 2 , 2012 . It was written by Nicole and Natalie Albino , and produced by Beau Vallis . The music video for the song was released on February 28 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1373159ebc709e03eb1a8dd03dee94c9", "text": "Newport 1958 Newport 1958 is a 1958 album by Duke Ellington , recorded at the Newport Jazz Festival of that year and later in the Columbia recording studio . The original album , Newport 1958 and the French Columbia CD #COL 468436 2 are mostly studio re-recordings of numbers performed at Newport . There is also dubbed in applause and crowd noise from Newport . During this time , Duke was frequently re-recording pieces that were performed live in the studio to be included on `` live '' albums . This was because he felt the live performances were not up to his standards . Only the tracks , `` Just Scratchin ' the Surface '' and `` Prima Bara Dubla '' are from Newport on the original album . The double CD is all the music performed at Newport on July 3 , 1958 . The third CD was issued by Mosaic Records and contains all of the original album , minus the dubbed in crowd noise and applause . It also contains select live tracks from Newport to fill out the CD .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c89abcafd5d48ffcd715c3c77219f495", "text": "Unbehagen Unbehagen is the second studio album by Nina Hagen Band released in 1979 by CBS Records . It is the last album released by the band , before Nina Hagen decided to pursue a solo career . The band kept on performing under the name Spliff . The German title means Discomfort but it can be also seen as a pun on the band name . The album produced three singles , `` African Reggae '' , `` Herrmann hiess er '' and `` Auf 'm Rummel '' . `` Herrmann hiess er '' deals with a drug addiction and is believed to be about Hagen 's ex-boyfriend Herman Brood . The accompanying music video was also released . The album also contains a German cover version , `` Wir leben immer ... noch '' , of Lene Lovich 's hit single `` Lucky Number '' . The song `` Wenn ich ein Junge wär '' was recorded live in April 1979 at the Saarbrücken Congress Hall . The album was a chart success and was certified Gold in Germany in 1981 , selling in over 250,000 copies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0756bffb7ca53b91a94573f7585dd67e", "text": "Arenia Mallory Arenia Conelia Mallory ( December 28 , 1904 -- May 1977 ) was an American educator and teacher in Mississippi , and a national political activist working for African-American education and civil rights . She gained a national reputation as president of Saints Industrial and Literary School , which she developed over 50 years from a few students in 1926 to a private K-12 academic school and junior college on 350 acres . It was affiliated with the Pentecostal Church of God in Christ , in which Mallory had been active since about age 18 . At a time of disenfranchisement of blacks , segregation , and historic underfunding of black education in the South , Mallory contributed to emerging national networks of black women and drew from them and white philanthropists to raise money for the school . Saints was instrumental in black education in Mississippi ; for many years , it was the only accredited high school for blacks in its area . It attracted students from nearly every state and from African nations due to its strong academic reputation ; over the decades , Mallory educated an estimated 20,000 students through Saints . In addition , Mallory became a national leader in the COGIC Women 's Department ; from the 1940s , she helped to create wider civic engagement of church women ; they worked for a `` sanctified world . '' Through the National Council of Negro Women , of which Mallory was a charter member beginning in 1935 and vice-president for many years , she worked for education and civil rights for African Americans . She engaged with national leaders such as Mary McLeod Bethune in the NCNW to raise funds to support her school in Mississippi and to draw women leaders into greater public life . Through Saints and her civic activities , Mallory promoted her advocacy for the mostly black and poor sharecroppers in the county and for the Civil Rights Movement .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d374e360d176384741b9f642775d7df", "text": "Feels Like Carolina Feels Like Carolina is the major label debut album by American country music group Parmalee . It was released on December 10 , 2013 via Stoney Creek Records . The album features twelve songs , including the singles `` Musta Had a Good Time '' , `` Carolina '' , `` Close Your Eyes '' and `` Already Callin ' You Mine '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2678955a1aaaeeb1350b9647ecfd8622", "text": "Ric Records Ric Records , along with sister label Ron Records , were American record labels formed by Joe Ruffino in 1959 . Although most of Ric 's releases did not rise above regional hits , the label was active during the golden era of New Orleans R&B and was an incubator for many artists who are now recognized as definers of the style . After his first taste of the music industry at A-1 Distributors , Joe Ruffino set out on his own with the Ric and Ron imprints , headquartered at 630 Baronne Street in New Orleans . The labels were named after Joe 's two sons . Ric Records was focused exclusively on releasing local New Orleans talent . Edgar Blanchard was brought in to help with studio arrangements , and supervised all early Ric studio sessions . He was later replaced by Harold Battiste . Mac Rebennack ( later `` Dr. John '' ) was also brought on as label president and helped with writing and producing . Artists released on the label include Eddie Bo , Johnny Adams , Lenny Capello , Al Johnson , Tommy Ridgley and Joe Jones . Joe Jones provided Ric with its only sizeable hit , `` You Talk Too Much '' , which peaked at # 3 on the Billboard Hot 100 in the fall of 1960 . This record was the cause of some legal issues with New York City-based outfit Roulette Records , with which Joe Jones previously recorded a version of the tune . Sister label Ron Records had a similar focus on local talent . Artists released include Professor Longhair ( local favorite `` Go to the Mardi Gras '' ) , Irma Thomas , Bobby Mitchell , Eddie Lang ( not to be confused with the jazz guitarist Eddie Lang ) and Martha Carter . After being discovered in a local club by Tommy Ridgley , Irma Thomas recorded her first single '' ( You Can Have My Husband but ) Do n't Mess with My Man '' for Ron within a week . She is now recognized as an important American singer , and was inducted into the Louisiana Music Hall of Fame in 2007 . Ric and Ron folded in 1962 when Joe Ruffino died .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2eb038aba46a8618514233fac6d1f668", "text": "Freddie Lee Peterkin Freddie Lee Peterkin , also known as Freddie Lee , is a published author , singer -- songwriter , actor and ordained interdenominational Minister , born in Pahokee , Florida . He is known for his gritty power soul vocals reminiscent of Bobby Womack . He has become an artist of public note through his 2008 independent release of the Soul and Gospel album Beyond Comprehension under the recording name of Freddie Lee . He made his prime time acting debut as `` DJ Freddie Murphy '' on Channel 4 's T4 Stars & Strikes and as a character in BBC2 's Grumpy Guide to Work in 2011 . He was also the voice for Bewiser Owl in the Bewiser Insurance TV commercial in 2012 and 2013 . He established himself in the live entertainment industry with his choreographed costume Soul Tribute stage productions for theatres and resorts in 1991 . These critically acclaimed shows include The Sounds of the Four Tops , The Sounds of the Drifters and The Sounds of the Temptations . Freddie Lee Peterkin is also a member of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity , Delta Psi Chapter a Fraternity known for members such as Martin Luther King . This historic organization was the first inter-collegiate Greek-letter organization established for Black college students founded on December 4 , 1906 . Peterkin was responsible for composing many Delta Psi Chapter fraternity anthems such as ' I Know I 've Been Changed ' written in 1985 while he was pledging . He was also a dancer and choreographer of the Delta Psi Chapter 's ` Step Shows ' . Stepping ( African-American ) or step-dancing is a form of percussive dance in which the participant 's entire body is used as an instrument to produce complex rhythms and sounds through a mixture of footsteps , spoken word , and hand claps and a strong part of Black Greek Letter Fraternities . Peterkin is the son of migrant workers originally from Georgia who came to Florida to pick crops for a living . He is of African and Seminole Indian heritage . His stepfather , James Elijah Jr. , was the lead vocalist of the 1960s and 1970s gospel group , The Royal Lights . His sister Breyona Elijah is part of the gospel group James Smith & Nu Birth and they are both cousins of Gospel group Damali . His mother Bernice Bell is also a singer and as a child won a competition to write a song for Joe Tex , for which she was awarded concert tickets and a chance to meet her idol . Joe Tex went on to have a major hit with the song but Bernice remained uncredited . Bernice Bell has been more recently recognized for her charity work and ran youth programs in Pahokee 's Padgett Island Community Center for 17 years and donating hot meals to Pahokee 's underprivileged children . The community center was recently renamed `` The Bernice Bell Community Center '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd3a4849848cbb5d1f7b37467e05b8f1", "text": "List of North Carolina state symbols The state of North Carolina has 42 official state emblems , as well as other designated places and events . The majority are determined by acts of the North Carolina General Assembly and record in Chapters 144 , 145 , and 149 of the North Carolina General Statutes . The state 's nicknames -- `` The Old North State '' and `` The Tar Heel State '' -- are both traditional , but have never been passed into law by the General Assembly . The first symbol was the Seal of North Carolina , which was made official in 1871 . The original seal also contained the future state motto . It served as the state 's only emblem for 14 years until the adoption of the state flag in 1885 . Enacted by law in 2013 , the newest symbols of North Carolina are the state art medium , clay ; the state fossil , the Megalodon teeth ; the state frog , the Pine Barrens tree frog ; the state marsupial , the Virginia opossum ; and the state salamander , the Marbled salamander .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f9fb7c11bbe4336da2951820982ef38e", "text": "Charlie Whitehead For the Australian rules footballer , see Charlie Whitehead ( footballer ) . Charlie Whitehead ( September 12 , 1942 -- June 26 , 2015 ) was a soul singer from Franklin , Virginia . Whitehead moved to New York City in 1968 and was subsequently signed to Musicor 's R&B subsidiary , Dynamo Records , by Charlie Foxx . At Dynamo , Whitehead was paired with Jerry Williams , Jr. , and the two wrote songs ( often with Gary U.S. Bonds ) for artists such as Dee Dee Warwick and Doris Duke , including Warwick 's 1970 hit , `` She Did n't Know ( She Kept on Talking ) '' . Releasing only one single on Dynamo , Whitehead followed Williams when he left for Canyon Records . In 1970 , using the name Raw Spitt , Whitehead released a self-titled album , produced and mostly written by Williams . An additional song recorded for , but not included on the album , `` Songs to Sing '' was also released as a single on United Artists . Whitehead released some material under his own name on Williams ' Stone Dogg Records and in 1973 , the album Charlie Whitehead and the Swamp Dogg Band on Williams ' Fungus Records . In 1975 , he made the Billboard R&B chart with `` Love Being Your Fool '' on Island Records . He released one more album , 1977 's Whitehead at Yellowstone before dropping from view . A CD compiling Raw Spitt , Charlie Whitehead and the Swamp Dogg Band , and various non-album tracks -- called Songs to Sing : The Charlie Whitehead Anthology '' -- was released by Ace Records in 2006 . On June 26 , 2015 , Charlie Whitehead died .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a7e3f4e690f749cb3d7df0ab4175d4a6", "text": "Nina Bouraoui Yasmina `` Nina '' Bouraoui ( Ar : نينا بو راوي , born 1967 ) is a French novelist and song-writer born in Rennes , Ille-et-Vilaine , of an Algerian father and a French mother . She spent the first fourteen years of her life in Algiers , then Zürich and Abu Dhabi . She now lives in Paris . Her novels are mostly written in the first person and , with the exception of Avant les hommes ( Before the Men ) , have been said by the author to be works of `` auto-fiction '' . This is even the case for Le Bal des Murènes ( The ball of moray eels ) , which , like Avant les hommes , has a male narrator . Since writing her first novel in 1991 , Bouraoui has affirmed the influence of Marguerite Duras in her work , although the life narratives and works many other artists are also to be found in her novels ( and songs ) . This is particularly true of Mes Mauvaises Pensées ( My Bad Thoughts ) which bears the imprint of Hervé Guibert , Annie Ernaux , David Lynch , Eileen Gray , and Violette Leduc amongst others . Questions of identity , desire , memory , writing , childhood and celebrity culture are some of the major themes of her work .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2f0a403a4e22adea9948f5321f1eb854", "text": "Ratchet (slang) Ratchet is a slang term in hip hop that in the strictest sense refers to an uncouth female , and is a Louisianan regiolect of `` wretched '' . The term has devolved to multiple meanings and connotations and is not bound by race or gender . The term gained popularity in 2012 through music artists and celebrities . It has been used similarly as the word `` ghetto '' . `` Ratchet '' can be used as an adjective , noun , or verb . The word has evolved to have many different meanings , and it can have either a positive or negative connotation . Some African-American women have reappropriated the word and embrace the meaning , whereas others point to how the term reinforces the negative portrayal of African-American women in the media . Numerous music artists have referred to the term `` ratchet '' in their songs . In November 2012 , LL Cool J released a single called `` Ratchet '' . In December 2012 , Beyoncé posted a picture of her wearing earrings that contained the word `` ratchet '' in it . Juicy J , Lil Debbie , Cam ` ron , Future , and Lil ' Boosie are some other artists who have also used the term in their music . Miley Cyrus had been criticized by some as appropriating ratchet culture . The word ratchet first appeared in publication in 1999 , with the song `` Do the Ratchet '' by Anthony Mandigo from Shreveport , Louisiana . Mandigo reportedly learned the term from his grandmother . In 2004 , a new version of the song was recorded . The producer of the song named Earl Williams , also known as Phunk Dawg , wrote the definition in the CD liner notes : `` n. , pron. , v , adv. , 1 . To be ghetto , real , gutter , nasty . 2 . It 's whatever , bout it , etc. . ''", "title": "" } ]
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387cfe1780df98767bd08358e1e79b09
Cyndi Lauper won an award in 1985.
[ { "docid": "16b6b48cc740e63b7fc48ca0991976ce", "text": "Cyndi Lauper Cynthia Ann Stephanie `` Cyndi '' Lauper ( born June 22 , 1953 ) is an American singer , songwriter , actress and LGBTQ activist . Her career has spanned over 30 years . Her debut solo album She 's So Unusual ( 1983 ) was the first debut female album to chart four top-five hits on the Billboard Hot 100 -- `` Girls Just Want to Have Fun '' , `` Time After Time '' , `` She Bop '' , and `` All Through the Night '' -- and earned Lauper the Best New Artist award at the 27th Grammy Awards in 1985 . Her success continued with the soundtrack for the motion picture The Goonies and her second record True Colors ( 1986 ) . This album included the number one single `` True Colors '' and `` Change of Heart '' , which peaked at number 3 . Since 1989 , Lauper has released nine studio albums and participated in many other projects . In 2010 , Memphis Blues , became Billboard 's most successful blues album of the year , remaining at # 1 on the Billboard Blues Albums chart for 13 consecutive weeks . In 2013 , Lauper won the Tony Award for Best Original Score for composing the Broadway musical Kinky Boots , making her the first woman to win the category by herself . The musical was awarded five other Tonys including Tony Award for Best New Musical . In 2014 , Lauper was awarded the Grammy Award for Best Musical Theater Album for the cast recording . In 2016 , the West End production won Best New Musical at the Olivier Awards Lauper has established herself as a pop culture icon selling over 50 million records and 20 million singles . She has won awards at the Grammys , Emmys , Tonys , the New York 's Outer Critics Circle , MTV Video Music Awards ( VMAs ) , Billboard Awards , and American Music Awards ( AMAs ) . An inductee into both the Songwriters Hall of Fame and the Hollywood Walk of Fame , Lauper is one of the few singers to win three of the four major American entertainment awards ( EGOT ) . Lauper won the inaugural Best Female Video prize at the 1984 VMAs for Girls Just Want To Have Fun . This music video is recognized by MTV , VH1 and Rolling Stone Magazine as one of the greatest ever music videos of the era . She is featured in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Museum 's Women Who Rock exhibit . Her debut album is included in Rolling Stone '' 's list of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time , while Time After Time is included in Vh1 's list of the 100 Best Songs of the Past 25 years . VH1 has ranked Lauper No. 58 of the 100 Greatest Women of Rock & Roll '' . Lauper has been celebrated for her humanitarian work , particularly as an advocate for LGBT rights in the United States . Her charitable efforts were acknowledged in 2013 when the singer was invited as a special guest to attend US President Barack Obama 's second-term inaugural .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "d1db2ebf5d6d7b3938993fa90fa5e398", "text": "A Night at the Met A Night at the Met is the third official album release by Robin Williams on August 9 , 1986 . It features segments recorded live at Metropolitan Opera House in New York City . The album won the 1988 Grammy Award for Best Comedy Performance Single or Album , Spoken or Musical . The album was released the year before Williams ' critically acclaimed performance in the motion picture Good Morning , Vietnam ( 1987 ) . He had been shifting his focus from stand-up comedy to film making for several years , and A Night at the Met would be one of his last major concerts during the 1980s . The show is a mix of Williams ' quick-witted humor and voice work , with rants on the topics of drugs , sex , world affairs , and parenting . References to the events and people of the 1980s are mentioned heavily throughout ; U.S. President Ronald Reagan , Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi , and President of the Soviet Union Mikhail Gorbachev are central to many of the jokes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be2af1170ecafe94044e02a20f55be6c", "text": "Brit Award for British Breakthrough Act The Brit Award for British Breakthrough Act is an award given by the British Phonographic Industry ( BPI ) , an organisation which represents record companies and artists in the United Kingdom . The accolade is presented at the Brit Awards , an annual celebration of British and international music . The winners and nominees are determined by the BRIT Awards voting academy with over 1,000 members , which comprise record labels , publishers , managers , agents , media , and previous winners and nominees . The award was first presented in 1977 as two awards as `` British Male Newcomer '' and `` British Female Newcomer '' which were won by Graham Parker and Julie Covington . When the Brit Awards was held for the second time in 1982 , the awards `` British Male Newcomer '' and `` British Female Newcomer '' became joint as one award for both male and female acts as well introducing groups acts to award . The first award for the joint `` British Newcomer '' was won by The Human League . In 2003 the award was renamed to `` British Breakthrough Act '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c45f4f5334cadaf1d57b672a7bed1c9a", "text": "Grammy Award for Video of the Year The Grammy Award for Video of the Year was an honor presented to recording artists at the 24th Grammy Awards in 1982 and the 25th Grammy Awards in 1983 for music videos . The Grammy Awards , an annual ceremony that was established in 1958 and originally called the Gramophone Awards , are presented by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences of the United States to `` honor artistic achievement , technical proficiency and overall excellence in the recording industry , without regard to album sales or chart position '' . First presented in 1982 to Michael Nesmith for Elephant Parts , the award was reserved for quality `` video cassettes or discs in any format created specifically for the home video market '' . In 1983 , Olivia Newton-John was presented the award for Olivia Physical . Beginning with the 1984 Grammy Awards , the Video of the Year award category was replaced with the categories Best Video , Short Form and Best Video Album ( now known as Best Music Video and Best Music Film , respectively ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5c5d2d088eaf86763722feaf99d39261", "text": "American Music Awards of 1983 The 10th Annual American Music Awards were held on January 17 , 1983 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "92de842d2de777ad24787d857ad94102", "text": "Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy The Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture -- Musical or Comedy has been awarded annually since 1952 by the Hollywood Foreign Press Association ( HFPA ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6eda4fc0042da78360cab798fd3398b8", "text": "Grammy Award for Best Country Solo Performance The Grammy Award for Best Country Solo Performance is an award presented at the Grammy Awards , a ceremony that was established in 1958 and originally called the Gramophone Awards . According to the 54th Grammy Awards description guide it is designed for solo ( vocal or instrumental ) country recordings and is limited to singles or tracks only . The award combines the previous categories for Best Female Country Vocal Performance , Best Male Country Vocal Performance and Best Country Instrumental Performance ( if it is an instrumental solo performance ) . The restructuring of these categories was a result of the Recording Academy 's wish to decrease the list of categories and awards and to eliminate the distinctions between male and female performances .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d60daf5f1da723199ff279dd7db45d14", "text": "1985 Academy Awards 1985 Academy Awards may refer to : 57th Academy Awards , the Academy Awards ceremony that took place in 1985 58th Academy Awards , the 1986 ceremony honoring the best in film for 1985", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7bd8af40bad9af60b6e40673b746a063", "text": "Country Music Association The Country Music Association ( CMA ) was founded in 1958 in Nashville , Tennessee . It originally consisted of only 233 members and was the first trade organization formed to promote a music genre . The objectives of the organization are to guide and enhance the development of Country Music throughout the world ; to demonstrate it as a viable medium to advertisers , consumers , and media ; and to provide a unity of purpose for the Country Music industry . However the CMA may be best known to most country music fans for its annual Country Music Association Awards broadcast live on network television each fall ( usually October or November ) . Initially , CMA 's Board of Directors included nine directors and five officers . Wesley Rose , president of Acuff-Rose Publishing , Inc. , served as CMA 's first chairman of the board . Broadcasting entrepreneur and executive Connie B. Gay was the founding president . Originally there were nine individual membership categories . The current 15 categories represent all facets of the music industry . Organizational memberships are also available . CMA membership is composed of those persons or organizations that are involved in Country Music , directly and substantially . The first CMA Awards ceremony was held in 1967 in Nashville . Sonny James and Bobbie Gentry hosted the event , which was not televised . The winner of the first `` Entertainer of the Year '' award was singer Eddy Arnold . `` Male Vocalist of the Year '' went to Jack Greene and `` Female Vocalist of the Year '' to Loretta Lynn . In 1968 , Roy Rogers and Dale Evans hosted the awards , which were presented at the Ryman Auditorium in Nashville . ( The ceremony was filmed and televised on NBC a few weeks later . ) The first live telecast of the show was in 1969 . Annual awards are given in the following twelve categories : Entertainer of the Year , Male Vocalist , Female Vocalist , New Artist of the Year ( formerly the Horizon Award ) , Vocal Group , Vocal Duo , Single , Album , Song , Music Event , Music Video , and Musician . The CMA also gives a `` CMA Broadcast Award '' to country-formatted radio stations each year . Broadcast Awards are segmented based on market size , major market ( Arbitron Ranking 1 -- 25 ) , large market ( Arbitron Ranking 26 -- 50 ) , medium market ( Arbitron Ranking 51 -- 100 ) , and small market ( All other Markets ) . A single station can not win the award in consecutive years . In honor of the association 's 50th anniversary , MCA Nashville released a song called `` Forever Country '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7c5128a879334c420e4972ef8b4862b7", "text": "MTV Video Music Award for Best Video with a Social Message The MTV Video Music Award for Best Video with a Social Message is an award handed out at the yearly MTV Video Music Awards , first introduced at the 2011 ceremony . The first winner of the category was Lady Gaga . As of 2015 , Kelly Clarkson , Rise Against , and Beyoncé have received the most nominations in this category , being nominated twice .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a8e66c6abf1f41c308ae452cb59a3100", "text": "MTV Europe Music Award for Best Song The MTV Europe Music Award for Best Song is the main award of the EMA 's . It was first awarded in 1994 , when `` 7 Seconds '' won it , and has been given out since . Lady Gaga , Pink and Beyoncé have been the big winners with two awards . In 2007 and 2008 the category was named Most Addictive Track , but in 2009 called again Best Song .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c90d8d450d48b4f16327bda8441a62a4", "text": "National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Supporting Actress The National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Supporting Actress is one of the annual awards given by the National Society of Film Critics . This awards was given for the first time in 1967 to Marjorie Rhodes for her role in The Family Way . Meryl Streep won this award three times ( record ) : in 1978 for The Deer Hunter , in 1979 for Kramer vs. Kramer , for Manhattan and for The Seduction of Joe Tynan and in 2006 for The Devil Wears Prada and for A Prairie Home Companion . Anjelica Huston ( 1985 and 1989 ) , Dianne Wiest ( 1986 and 1994 ) , Patricia Clarkson ( 2002 and 2003 ) and Amy Adams ( 2005 and 2012 ) each won the award two times . In 2009 , Mo'Nique became the first African-American to win in this category for her performance in Precious .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "654297dd994bd5586893bdf541e3e5ed", "text": "She Bop `` She Bop '' is a song by American singer-songwriter Cyndi Lauper , released as the third single from her debut studio album She 's So Unusual . It reached number three on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart in September 1984 . Worldwide , the song is her most commercially successful single after `` Girls Just Want to Have Fun '' and `` Time After Time '' , and reached number 46 on the UK Singles Chart and number 6 on the ARIA Singles Chart . `` She Bop '' was her third consecutive Top 5 on the Hot 100 . The song is also featured in the film Never Been Kissed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b37ce7169a25b67889be3b98b23f8c12", "text": "American Music Awards of 1980 The 7th Annual American Music Awards were held on January 18 , 1980 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad32702062a677298988b84a8ff8912f", "text": "Billboard Music Award for Top R&B Artist The Billboard Music Award for Top R&B Artist recognizes the most successful R&B artists over the past year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f501bca0cd78ba1f30657e298cc11aa4", "text": "List of Billboard 200 number-one albums of 1983 The Billboard 200 , published in Billboard magazine , is a weekly chart that ranks the highest-selling music albums and EPs in the United States . In 1983 , the name of the chart was Top LPs & Tape . Before Nielsen SoundScan began tracking sales in 1991 , Billboard estimated sales from a representative sampling of record stores nationwide , using telephone , fax or messenger service . Data were based on rankings made by the record stores of the best-selling records , not on actual sales figures . There were six number-one albums on this chart in 1983 , including the debut album of the Australian band Men at Work , Business as Usual , which spent the last seven weeks of 1982 and the first eight weeks of 1983 at number one , and was certified quadruple platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) in 1984 . Thriller , the sixth studio album by recording artist Michael Jackson , was released on November 1982 . It peaked at number one for twenty-two non-consecutive weeks in 1983 with another fifteen consecutive weeks at the top into the following year , and seven songs from the album became top ten singles between late 1982 and early 1984 . Two of them : `` Billie Jean '' and `` Beat It '' , reached the top position of the Billboard Hot 100 . Thriller won eight Grammy Awards , including Album of the Year at the 26th Grammy Awards , and was the best-selling album of 1983 with more than fifteen million copies sold . In 2008 , twenty-five years after its release , the record was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame , and a few weeks later , it was among twenty-five recordings preserved by the Library of Congress to the National Recording Registry as `` culturally significant '' . Flashdance , the soundtrack to the 1983 musical and romance film of the same name , peaked at number one for two weeks and won the Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack Album for a Motion Picture . The two singles released from the album , `` Flashdance ... What a Feeling '' by Irene Cara , and `` Maniac '' by Michael Sembello , reached the top of the singles chart in 1983 . The New York Times considered the British band The Police to be the year 's most influential rock band . Australian , British , and American bands copied the white-reggae formula of their ( The Police 's ) earlier successes . The group released their fifth and final studio album , Synchronicity , in 1983 . The album , a varied accomplished blend of rock , funk , and third-world rhythms , stayed at number one for seventeen weeks and was certified four times platinum by the RIAA in 1984 . Metal Health , the third album by heavy metal band Quiet Riot , peaked at number one for one week , becoming the first heavy metal record to reach the top of the Billboard 200 . Singer-songwriter Lionel Richie released his second album Ca n't Slow Down in 1983 , which spent three weeks at the top and won the Grammy Award for Album of the Year at the 27th Grammy Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "75dbb0dff55b4bfe5059c1a7d6023283", "text": "American Music Awards of 1975 The 2nd Annual American Music Awards were held on February 18 , 1975 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "31e0c2902da52dd1f923e4530182e88b", "text": "Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Christian Music Performance/Song The Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Christian Music Performance/Song was a new category at the 2015 ceremony of the annual Grammy Awards . It combines two previously separate categories in the Gospel/Contemporary Christian Music field , Best Contemporary Christian Music Song and Best Gospel/Contemporary Christian Music Performance . The new category recognizes both songwriters and performers ( solo/duos/groups / collaborations/etc . ) and is open for singles or tracks only . Songwriters are only awarded a Grammy Award if it is a newly written song . Grammy 's for cover versions of previously recorded songs are awarded to the performer ( s ) only . Along with the also newly formed Best Gospel Performance/Song category , these mark the only Grammy categories which honor both performers and songwriters in one category . These changes were made in June 2014 by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences `` in the interest of clarifying the criteria , representing the current culture and creative DNA of the gospel and Contemporary Christian Music communities , and better reflecting the diversity and authenticity of today 's gospel music industry . '' According to the Grammy committee , the move recognizes `` the critical contribution of both songwriters and performers by combining songwriters and artists into the Best Gospel Performance/Song and Best Contemporary Christian Music Performance/Song categories . '' Gospel performances , which were previously recognized in the Best Gospel/Contemporary Christian Music Performance category , will now fall under the newly created Best Gospel Performance/Song category .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "06e8a1a960d6c883817a9af00295d8fe", "text": "Cynda Williams Cynda Williams ( born May 17 , 1966 ) is an American television and film actress , singer , songwriter , playwright , author , artistic mentor and activist .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "92f600374944cda9e4d4e8c9a73cf40c", "text": "Australian pop music awards Australian pop music awards are a series of inter-related national awards that gave recognition to popular musical artists and have included the Go-Set pop poll ( 1966 -- 1972 ) ; TV Week King of Pop Awards ( 1967 -- 1978 ) ; TV Week and Countdown Music Awards ( 1979 -- 1980 ) ; and Countdown Music and Video Awards ( 1981 -- 1986 ) . Early awards were based on popular voting from readers of teenage pop music newspaper Go-Set and television program guide TV Week . They were followed by responses from viewers of Countdown , a TV pop music series ( 1974 -- 1987 ) on national broadcaster Australian Broadcasting Corporation ( ABC ) . Some of the later award ceremonies incorporated listed nominees and peer-voted awards . From 1987 the Australian Recording Industry Association ( ARIA ) instituted its own peer-voted ARIA Music Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d403ba95538df951631b910094752a5", "text": "Grammy Award for Best New Artist The Grammy Award for Best New Artist has been awarded since 1959 . Years reflect the year in which the Grammy Awards were handed out , for records released in the previous year . The award was not presented in 1967 . The official guidelines are as follows : `` For a new artist who releases , during the Eligibility Year , the first recording which establishes the public identity of that artist . '' Note that this is not necessarily the first album released by an artist . It is sometimes asserted , with varying degrees of sincerity , that winning the award is a curse , as several award winners ( particularly from the late 1970s and early 1980s ) were never able to duplicate the success they experienced in their debut year . This viewpoint was expressed by former Starland Vocal Band member Taffy Danoff in a 2002 interview for VH1 's 100 Greatest One Hit Wonders : `` We got two of the five Grammys -- one was Best New Artist . So that was basically the kiss of death and I feel sorry for everyone who 's gotten it since . '' The category is also notable for being the only one of its kind in which a Grammy Award was vacated . This occurred in 1990 after it was revealed winners Milli Vanilli did not contribute their own vocals on their debut album . The award was revoked , but was not handed out to another artist . Of the 54 awards presented in the category since its inception , the honor has been presented to 25 solo female artists , 18 duos or groups , and 11 solo male artists . Between 1997 and 2003 , all the winners were solo female artists . Also , from 1993 to 2005 , no winner was a solo male artist . In 2006 , John Legend broke this trend , which started with Marc Cohn in 1992 . Only four artists have won both Best New Artist and Album of the Year in the same year : Bob Newhart in 1961 , Christopher Cross in 1981 , Lauryn Hill in 1999 and Norah Jones in 2003 . Of all the winners , only three have been country artists . In 1997 , LeAnn Rimes became the first country artist to win the award . She was followed by Carrie Underwood in 2007 and Zac Brown Band in 2010 . Additionally , 2017 marked the first time that two country artists were nominated in this category in the same year . 1984 marked the first time that all of the nominees were from outside of the United States ( Winner Culture Club , Eurythmics , and Musical Youth were from England , Big Country was from Scotland , and Men Without Hats were from Canada ) .", "title": "" } ]
fever
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Niall Horan is a musician.
[ { "docid": "ecf94f69cbeee2869ed322986bfbc240", "text": "Niall Horan Niall James Horan ( born 13 September 1993 ) is an Irish singer and songwriter , best known as a member of the boy band One Direction . In 2010 , Horan auditioned as a solo artist for the seventh series of the British televised singing competition The X Factor . He failed to progress to the `` Boys '' category at the `` judges ' houses '' , but after guest judge Nicole Scherzinger suggested that Niall join One Direction , with Harry Styles , Zayn Malik , Liam Payne and Louis Tomlinson , the group became a reality . The five-piece band made it to the final and finished in third place . Even though they did not win , One Direction was signed by Simon Cowell to his record label Syco . In his career as a member of One Direction , Horan co-wrote many songs , beginning with `` Taken '' , `` Everything About You '' , `` Same Mistakes '' , `` Back for You '' and `` Summer Love '' from their debut albums Up All Night and Take Me Home . In the latter , he also played guitar . He continued to co-write , including the songs `` Do n't Forget Where You Belong '' , `` Why Do n't We Go There '' and `` Story of My Life '' for the album Midnight Memories ; `` Night Changes '' , `` Fool 's Gold '' and `` Change Your Ticket '' for the album Four ; and `` Wolves '' , `` A.M. '' , `` Temporary Fix '' and `` Never Enough '' for the band 's fifth album Made in the A.M. . He released his first single as a solo artist , `` This Town '' , in 2016 .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "a288b301975c3be77d9d1043bb423fbb", "text": "Ciarán Ó Con Cheanainn Ciarán Ó Con Cheanainn ( 12 July 1981 - 4 February 2009 ) Irish scholar , teacher and youngest winner of the Corn Uí Riada . Ó Con Cheanainn was born in Galway . He was the youngest winner of the prestigious sean nós Corn Uí Riada singing competition at Oireachtas na Gaeilge , an annually held arts festival of Irish culture . He studied at NUI Galway , graduating in 2002 with first class honours in Irish and geography . In 2003 he was awarded an MA at UCD having completed his thesis , `` Gnéithe de Sheachadadh na nAmhrán Traidisiúnta sa Ghaeilge . '' The following year he completed his thesis `` Clár Amhrán Chois Fharraige '' , securing an M Litt in Modern Irish . The National University of Ireland in 2004 awarded him a travelling studentship in Celtic Studies , and he spent two years at Edinburgh University 's school of Scottish studies . A regular competitor at Oireachtas na Gaeilge and Fleadh Ceoil na hÉireann , he won many prizes . He represented Ireland at the International Pan-Celtic Festival in 1999 and 2000 , taking first prize on both occasions . He was a member of the committee of An Cumann le Béaloideas Éireann , and served on the board of Comhar for six years . His published work includes entries for The Encyclopaedia of Music in Ireland and Leabhar Mór na hAmhrán ( both forthcoming ) , and articles and reviews for the Journal of Music in Ireland . He made a number of recordings of his singing , and had recently participated in the Cumann Merriman winter school . Ciarán had recently been appointed to a lectureship in Modern Irish at UCD , and was looking forward to the completion of his doctoral thesis and the publication of two substantial books on the singing tradition of his native Conamara . Ciarán died suddenly on 4 February 2009 at 27 years of age .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cc5203cf5f4ae0a6847a3c778cbe4cee", "text": "Séamus Ennis Séamus Ennis ( Séamas Mac Aonghusa 5 May 1919 -- 5 October 1982 ) was an Irish musician , singer and Irish music collector . He was most noted for his uilleann pipe playing and was partly responsible for the revival of the instrument during the twentieth century having co-founded Na Píobairí Uilleann , a nonprofit organization dedicated to the promotion of the uilleann pipes and its music . He is recognised for having preserved almost 2,000 Irish songs and dance-tunes as part of the work he did with the Irish Folklore Commission . Ennis is widely regarded as one of the greatest uilleann pipers of all time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "14bfbad82519a4275891e6f66bddfeb5", "text": "Niall Iain MacDonald Niall Iain MacDonald ( Niall Iain MhicDòmhnall ) is a Scottish Gaelic-language radio and television producer for BBC Scotland , and presenter of the popular rock and indie music program , Rapal , for BBC Radio nan Gàidheal .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e62724dd3b567ad07a4827eaa046ac9e", "text": "Tim Horan (rugby league) Tim Horan is an Australian former rugby league player who played professionally in Australia during the 1990s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bd46dd045ce2188238b7ab786aa4cd43", "text": "Julian Gough Julian Gough ( born 1966 ) is an Irish novelist , economic satirist and the former singer and main lyric writer of the Irish band Toasted Heretic . Gough grew up near Heathrow Airport in London before moving to Nenagh aged seven . He was studying English and philosophy at University College Galway in the late 1980s when he and some friends founded Toasted Heretic . The band went on to record four albums and had one top ten hit , `` Galway and Los Angeles '' , in 1992 . His first novel , Juno & Juliet , was published in 2001 by Flamingo , almost a decade after Toasted Heretic split up . His second novel , Jude : Level 1 , was published in 2007 at Old Street Publishing , shortly after he won the 2007 National Short Story Award for the book 's first chapter , titled `` The Orphan and the Mob '' . In 2010 , Salmon Poetry released Gough 's first poetry collection , Free Sex Chocolate , which juxtaposes Gough 's more recent forays into poetry with his earlier lyrics written for Toasted Heretic . He is also the author of several short stories and novellas that satirize global economic policies , including 2003 's Great Hargeisa Goat Bubble and CRASH ! How I Lost a Hundred Billion and Found True Love . In 2015 , Gough signed a book deal with Picador . Gough also writes columns and opinion pieces for various newspapers and magazines , including Guardian , Prospect Magazine and A Public Space . In 2007 , he rebelled against the decision to award the Bollinger Everyman Wodehouse Prize to writer Will Self . Gough , who was nominated alongside Self , stole the prize , a pig , to keep for himself . In early 2010 , Gough wrote an article on the state of Irish literature , `` slamming fellow Irish novelists '' , on his personal website . Gough 's novel Jude in London came third in the 2011 Guardian Not The Booker prize after the author threatened to share pictures of him `` wearing only the -LSB- Not The Booker trophy -RSB- mug '' shall he win the competition . In 2011 , he quickly wrote up the ending credits for the popular video game Minecraft prior to its November release .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a15d17f694490a9dd382de298414296f", "text": "Niall Williams Niall Williams is an Irish author . He was born in Dublin in 1958 . He studied English and French literature at University College Dublin before graduating with a Master 's degree in Modern American Literature . He moved to New York in 1980 where he married Christine Breen , also a novelist , whom he had met while she was a Master 's student also at UCD , and took his first job opening boxes of books in Fox and Sutherland 's bookshop in Mount Kisco . He later worked as a copywriter for Avon Books in New York City before leaving America with Chris in 1985 to attempt to make a life as a writer . His first four books were co-written with Christine and tell of their life together in Kiltumper in west Clare . In 1991 Niall 's first play ` The Murphy Initiative ' was staged at The Abbey Theatre in Dublin . His second play , ' A Little Like Paradise ' was produced on the Peacock stage of The Abbey Theatre in 1995 . His third play , ` The Way You Look Tonight , ' was produced by Galway 's Druid Theatre Company in 1999 . Niall 's first novel was Four Letters of Love . Published in 1997 , it went on to become an international bestseller and has been published in over twenty countries . His second novel , As it is in Heaven was published in 1999 and was long listed for the Irish Times International Dublin Literary Award . His third novel , The Fall of Light was published in Britain and Ireland , France , Italy and America . His fourth novel , Only Say The Word , was published in 2005 in several countries and his fifth novel , Boy in the World was published in 2007 . Boy in the World is dedicated to Joseph , Niall 's son . He wrote chapters and sent them to Joseph who was away at boarding school . Niall continued the story in the sequel , Boy and Man . Niall 's seventh novel is entitled John . A story about the apostle John who reportedly lived 100 years . The novel explores John 's life during the many long years while awaiting Jesus 's return . His most recent novel is History of the Rain , which has been long listed for the 2014 Man Booker Prize . He is at work on several screenplays , including one on his novel Four Letters of Love . He currently lives in west Clare with his wife and two children . He worked as a mentor for MFA students of Carlow University in Pittsburgh . He was also the writer-in-residence for Co. . Sligo , for the previous two years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1ab6a9abadcae268905e76bbc0e0ea8c", "text": "Liam O'Connor (Irish musician) Liam O'Connor is a multi-instrumentalist musician , described as `` the Jimi Hendrix of the accordion '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "267de251d5e4736e37c1d250fcf7e83d", "text": "Niall O'Reilly Niall O'Reilly ( born 12 April 1987 in Skerries , Dublin ) is an Irish footballer . O'Reilly plays as a right-back .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7ee5023c9be574c0fa2544d57825a0a3", "text": "Tiranny Tiranny is a barony in County Armagh , Northern Ireland . It lies on the western boundary of the county , bordering County Tyrone to its west and County Monaghan in the Republic of Ireland to its south . It is bordered by three other baronies in Northern Ireland : Dungannon Lower and Dungannon Upper to the north-west ; and Armagh to the east . It also borders two baronies in the Republic of Ireland ; Cremorne to the south and Trough to the west .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7c025b2d0ab5ba04e7d4c70ebdfdf325", "text": "Artigoran Artigoran is a townland in County Antrim , Northern Ireland .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a90d45ad0077439c3df07640d5ac3659", "text": "Irish folk music (2000–09)", "title": "" }, { "docid": "907833394fdbdd5347aeaeb287fdd2fc", "text": "Brian Warfield Patrick Brian Warfield ( born 2 April 1946 , Holles Street , Dublin ) is the vocalist , banjo , harp and bodhrán player and lead songwriter with long-standing Irish band The Wolfe Tones . Brian introduces many of the songs at the Wolfe Tones live concerts and is a keen historian . Warfield has written many songs for the Wolfe Tones , notably `` The Helicopter Song '' , `` Irish Eyes '' and `` My Heart is in Ireland '' . `` Let the People Sing '' , was written in dedication to those Irish ballad singers who were banned from singing Irish songs . It has been performed by many Celtic and Irish Rebel bands , including Celtic band Charlie and The Bhoys . The song is popular among fans of Celtic F.C. and a version performed by The Malleys , omitting the second verse , is played at Celtic Park on match days . Warfield 's affiliation with The Celtic Football Club led to him being asked to write a song for the Club to celebrate its 100th Anniversary . As a result , Celtic Symphony was composed ; a song popular with many Celtic fans , but controversial due to its chorus . The chorus which features the words `` ooh , ah , up the RA '' was often seen as a pro-IRA stance , but according to its writer , Brian Warfield , these words were included in the balladic tradition of writing what is observed at the time . As a songwriter , Warfield 's writing is typically a social commentary on Ireland and its issues . For the 2012 album , Child of Destiny , Warfield composed ` Swing A Banker ' , which is a comical ballad referring to Irish bankers as chickens . The music video was recorded outside the Treasury Building in Dublin . He is currently working on a musical about the famine . He continues to tour with The Wolfe Tones with Tommy Byrne ( musician ) and Noel Nagle , although it was announced they will cease touring after their 50th Anniversary Tour in November 2014 . Brian is married to June Warfield née Radburn and has four children ; Siobhan , Ciaran , Laragh and Ruaidhri . Siobhan and Ciaran both write songs and enjoy performing . He currently resides near Blessington , Co Wicklow .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "657fd5b98b6bbafebbe95b8479985d18", "text": "Alastair Galbraith (musician) Alastair Galbraith is a musician from Dunedin , New Zealand .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "05522581a4eae77559e8cd448609a5a8", "text": "Mairéad Ní Mhaonaigh Mairéad Ní Mhaonaigh ( -LSB- ˈmaɾʲed̪ nʲiː ˈwiːn̪i -RSB- ) ( born 26 July 1959 ) is an Irish fiddler and the lead vocalist for the Irish folk music band Altan , which she co-founded with her late husband Frankie Kennedy in 1987 . Today , Mairéad is recognised as a leading exponent in the Donegal fiddle style , and she is often considered as one of the foremost singers in the Irish language , her native tongue . She was part of the Irish supergroup T with the Maggies who performed in January 2009 at Temple Bar TradFest in Dublin their first ever two concerts under that name and who released in October 2010 their debut ( and to date only ) album . After nearly 22 years with Altan , Mairéad released in February 2009 her debut ( and to date only ) solo album Imeall . After 29 years with Altan , Mairéad released in October 2016 her alternate band Na Mooneys ' debut album Na Mooneys .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "01460bc5df87c59e4b6710300acb3850", "text": "Finnegan Wakes Finnegan Wakes is a live album by The Dubliners . Recorded at the Gate Theatre on 26 and 27 April 1966 and produced by Nathan Joseph , this was The Dubliners ' final recording for Transatlantic Records . But it was also their first to feature their first established line-up of Ronnie Drew ( vocals and guitar ) , Barney McKenna ( tenor banjo and mandolin ) , Luke Kelly ( vocals and banjo ) , Ciarán Bourke ( vocals , guitar , tin whistle and harmonica ) and John Sheahan ( fiddle , tin whistle and mandolin ) . The album featured `` Nelson 's Farewell '' , a satirical song about the bombing and destruction of Nelson 's Pillar in O'Connell Street , Dublin on 8 March 1966 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e6a61eb7a48067c096dc4aa20bf309af", "text": "Niall Burke Niall Burke ( born 21 May 1991 ) is an Irish hurler who currently plays as a centre-forward for the Galway senior team . Burke made his first appearance for the team during the 2012 National League and immediately became a regular member of the team . An All-Ireland medalist at minor and under-21 levels , Burke has also won a Leinster medal in the senior grade . At club level Burke plays with the Oranmore-Maree club . He has also played for NUI Galway .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5ca603193561fa35b789255bb32d373c", "text": "The Wrigley Sisters Jennifer and Hazel Wrigley are an international folk music duo playing fiddle ( Jennifer ) and guitar/piano ( Hazel ) . Born in the Orkney Islands of Scotland , they started to play when given instruments on their 8th birthday and joined the Strathspey and Reel Society in their early years . In their early teens they were playing , often with Emma their older sister , at local concerts and ceilidhs around Orkney where they were spotted by Orkney 's only recording studio who launched them into Dancing Fingers their first album . The success of this album moved them into the UK folk circuit but this proved arduous ( Cornwall to Middlesbrough in back-to-back gigs ) and eventually they moved to Edinburgh after launching their second album The Watch Stone . Playing at London 's Barbican Centre in 1995 , they were spotted by a New Zealand music scout who invited them to play at the Auckland Folk Festival which prompted the twins to organise a `` world tour '' . At about that time Jennifer won the UK 's premier accolade for new folk talent ( BBC Young Tradition Award ) which helped boost the tour and their international reputation . Working without a manager , they organised a second world tour in 1999 and issued a third album Huldreland ( in the Folk Roots top ten of 1998 ) . Four transatlantic trips in 1999 cemented their place on the international folk scene . In 2001 they issued an album `` Skyran . '' In 2005 they returned to Orkney and acquired premises in Kirkwall where they launched The Reel a music/social centre offering an instrument/music shop , lessons to aspiring musicians ... and a coffee shop where ` sessions ' can often be heard .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5280ac91c175ba36b4602633bef65845", "text": "An Tiompan Gàidhealach The tiompán ( Irish ) or tiompan ( Scottish Gaelic ) was a stringed musical instrument used by the Gaelic musicians of Ireland and Scotland and probably therefore the Isle of Man . The word ` timpán ' was of both masculine and feminine gender in classical Irish . It is theorised to derive from the Latin word ` tympanum ' ( tambourine or kettle drum ) and ` timpán ' does appear to be used in certain ancient texts to describe a drum . The adjective ` timpánach ' referred to a performer on the instrument but is also recorded in one instance in the Dánta Grádha as describing a cruit . The feminine noun ` timpánacht ' referred to the art or practice of playing the tiompán . In modern Irish traditional music , the word tiompan was used by Derek Bell , after Francis William Galpin 's theories , to refer to the hammered dulcimer . Recorded players included Maol Ruanaidh Cam Ó Cearbhaill ( murdered 1329 ) . Finn Ó Haughluinn ( died 1490 ) was the last recorded player of the instrument .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9477a623bf7d7dbecd08388d88358cbd", "text": "Kian Egan Kian John Francis Egan ( born 29 April 1980 ) is an Irish musician , best known as a former member of boy band Westlife . He is a coach on The Voice of Ireland and won the thirteenth series of I 'm a Celebrity ... Get Me Out of Here ! in 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c0f43a52adb70020e8dac67e4b00c8d2", "text": "Rubyworks Records Rubyworks Records is an independent record label and music management company created in 2001 by Niall Muckian and based in Dublin , Ireland . Rubyworks owns two subsidiary labels , Got ta Run Records and Model Citizen Records . In May 2012 Rubyworks merged with UK independent record label Ark Recordings .", "title": "" } ]
fever
81703da16f03dfff362969a1b035c138
Trevor Baxter is literate.
[ { "docid": "eb42fd8c7290e0d49b649375827db979", "text": "Trevor Baxter Trevor Baxter ( born 18 November 1932 ) is a British actor and playwright . He was educated at Dulwich College and the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art . His credits include : Adam Adamant Lives ! , Z-Cars , Maelstrom , Thriller , Spy Trap , The New Avengers , Jack the Ripper , The Barchester Chronicles and Doctors . He is known for his appearance in the Doctor Who serial The Talons of Weng-Chiang ( 1977 ) as Professor George Litefoot . He reprised his role of Professor Litefoot in an episode of audio series , Doctor Who : The Companion Chronicles : The Mahogany Murderers . The following year he was Professor Litefoot again for a continuing series of Jago & Litefoot . Trevor Baxter has appeared on stage with the RSC and in the West End , toured Shakespeare in South America with Sir Ralph Richardson , and also appeared in the USA in David Mamet 's A Life in the Theatre at Shakespeare Santa Cruz in 1986 . He has appeared in many films including Nutcracker ( 1983 ) , Parting Shots ( 1999 ) , Sky Captain and the World of Tomorrow ( 2004 ) and Van Wilder : The Rise of Taj ( 2006 ) . He has also written a number of plays including Lies , The Undertaking , and Office Games . His play Ripping Them Off was given its first performance at the Warehouse Theatre Croydon on 5 October 1990 , directed by Ted Craig and designed by Michael Pavelka . The cast consisted of : Ian Targett ( Graham ) , Angus Mackay ( Revd . Parkinson ) , Caroline Blakiston ( Grace ) , Annette Badland ( Hilda ) , Frank Ellis ( Julian ) , Ewart James Walters ( Max ) , Anthony Woodruff ( Pauken ) , Ian Burford ( Inspector Sands ) , Richard Clifford ( Jeff ) and C.P. Grogan ( Susanna ) . In 2003 he adapted Oscar Wilde 's novella The Picture of Dorian Gray for the stage , followed in March 2005 by a touring version of Wilde 's short story , Lord Arthur Savile 's Crime , revived in January 2010 at the Theatre Royal Windsor , starring Lee Mead in the title role . In 2013 Baxter continued to record Doctor Who audiobooks for Big Finish Productions as Professor Litefoot , having now completed twelve series .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "6ccd44f268646480b84e2639e78eff0f", "text": "Middlebrow The term middlebrow describes easily accessible art , usually literature , and the people who use the arts to acquire culture and `` class '' ( social prestige ) . First used in the British satire magazine Punch in 1925 , the term middlebrow is the intermediary `` brow '' descriptor between highbrow and lowbrow , which are terms derived from the pseudo-science of phrenology . The term middlebrow became a pejorative usage in the modernist cultural criticism , by Dwight Macdonald , Virginia Woolf , and Russell Lynes , which served the cause of the marginalization of the popular culture in favor of high culture . Culturally , the middlebrow is classed as a forced and ineffective attempt at cultural and intellectual achievement , and as characterizing literature that emphasizes emotional and sentimental connections , rather than intellectual quality and literary innovation ; although postmodernism more readily perceives the advantages of the middlebrow cultural-position that is aware of high culture , but is able to balance aesthetic claims with the claims of the everyday world .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3db697373cdae60a45b0977f0d85fb7f", "text": "Steve Brook Steve Brook ( 1 August 1934 -- 13 August 2014 ) , was born in London , England and trained as a compositor in Sydney , Australia , was a Melbourne based satirical writer with a history of involvement in progressive causes , following a period as a journalist with Polish Radio in Warsaw . Owing to his literary and historical talents , his writing , journalism , and biographical reflection is a significant source of documentation of the Jewish left in Australia and its international connections from outside academia and from the point of view of a non-ideological , humanist insider . He had a Master of Arts from Monash University in Melbourne . His account of time spent with the English language service of Polish Radio ( 1966-1974 ) is a sympathetic , but not uncritical look at Poland under Soviet hegemony where there were attempts to have ` socialism with a human face ' , as well as the Polish cultural scene in the 1960s and 1970s and the political use of anti-Semitism in Poland . Additionally , he was a journalist at 3CR radio in Melbourne in the 1970s when there were strong political differences between left factions , including the influence of local Maoists . He was also a key member of the Australian Jewish Democratic Society ( AJDS ) , a progressive Australian organisation with roots going back to the pre-World War 2 left . His published writing , journalism , and frequent letters to the editor are an important source of otherwise undocumented political and social history of the Melbourne Left . In addition , he wrote frequent letters to the editor to the Australian Jewish News and the Newsletter of AJDS on Israel/Palestine issues . In all his work he expressed a deep mistrust of official propaganda whether from the Left or the Right . In `` Strawberries with Everything '' he said that this was why he went to live in Warsaw , `` behind the Iron Curtain '' , to discover for himself the degree of truth in anticommunism and its accompanying propaganda , which painted life in those parts as a kind of hell on earth . Communist propaganda was , of course , a mirror image of this . He says the reality was a bit of both -- neither devils nor angels , but real people scarred and traumatised by the most horrific war in modern history which led to their political choices in the face of crisis , including communism in preference to the perception of continuing Fascism and Nazism during the Cold War . This factor , said Brook , is almost deliberately ignored in studies of the Soviet bloc .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2107e3d5c3204d61e2d2b72c98be0f4e", "text": "McDonald Road Library McDonald Road Library is one of 28 freely-accessible public libraries in Edinburgh , Scotland . The library opened in 1904 as the East Branch of the city 's library service . It is located on the corner of McDonald Road and Leith Walk , and is a category B listed building . At its opening the library held a stock of 11,498 volumes and recorded in excess of 190,000 issues ( loans ) per annum during its early years . Books were not directly accessible by the public for browsing until after 1922 when Edinburgh 's library service switched to an `` open access '' approach to their collections . In the year the library opened the then-five public libraries serving the city issued 962,724 loans from stock . The building is one of the original five branch libraries , constructed and opened after Central Library , under the stewardship of Hew Morrison who served as Principal Librarian between 1887 and 1922 . The fourth branch library constructed , McDonald Road was built with help from funding provided by the trustees of a bequest from publisher Thomas Nelson to provide `` shelter halls '' for the working men of the city . By 1950 , the stock of volumes held in the library had more than tripled : 33,963 in the main collection and 6,211 in the junior reading room . Issues from the stock were 285,559 and 57,557 respectively . With the city much expanded , being served by Central Library , thirteen branch libraries , other suburban and deposited libraries , mobile and hospital services , plus books for the blind , the city 's community was provided with access to over 650,000 volumes and the combined issues from the service totalled over four million lendings . As with all public libraries in Edinburgh , adult collections are organised using the Library of Congress Classification system . Since Wigan dropped the system during a 1974 local government reorganisation , Edinburgh is the only municipality in the UK continuing to use it . Children 's books are organised under the more-widespread Dewey Decimal Classification scheme . McDonald Road branch is open to the public seven days a week ; with disabled access . It is on nine bus routes , offers free Wi-Fi , public computer access , a business hub , `` Bookbug '' sessions for pre-school children , five book/reading groups , a children 's craft drop-in and some local councillors ' surgeries .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "75d54bebd4b037690cb2e3804cdae019", "text": "The Bookseller The Bookseller is a British magazine reporting news on the publishing industry . Philip Jones is editor-in-chief of the weekly print edition of the magazine and the website . The magazine is home to the Bookseller/Diagram Prize for Oddest Title of the Year , a humorous award given annually to the book with the oddest title . The award is organised by The Bookseller '' 's diarist , Horace Bent , and had been administered in recent years by the former deputy editor , Joel Rickett , and former charts editor , Philip Stone . We Love This Book is its quarterly sister consumer website and email newsletter . The subscription-only magazine is read by around 30,000 persons each week , in over 90 countries , and contains the latest news from the publishing and bookselling worlds , in-depth analysis , pre-publication book previews and author interviews . It is the first publication to publish official weekly bestseller lists in the UK . It has also created the first UK-based e-book sales ranking . The website is visited by 160,000 unique users each month . The magazine also produces approximately a dozen specials on an annual basis including its Books of The Year and four `` Buyers Guides '' . The Bookseller '' also publishes three daily newspapers at the annual London Book Fair , in April , the Bologna Children 's Book Fair and the Frankfurt Book Fair , in October .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "247046dd8e577af9faa4d651693d290e", "text": "Baxter Baxter may refer to : Baxter ( name ) , English surname ( includes list of people bearing the name )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2299fc8bf63cf3ff777f34743d02f1f9", "text": "BBC Books BBC Books ( also formerly known as BBC Publishing ) is an imprint majority owned and managed by Penguin Random House through its Ebury Publishing division . The minority shareholder is BBC Worldwide , the commercial subsidiary of the British Broadcasting Corporation . The imprint has been active since the 1980s . BBC Books publishes a range of books connected to BBC radio and television programming , including cookery , natural history , lifestyle , and behind the scenes `` making-of '' books . There are also some non-programme related biographies and autobiographies of various well-known personalities in its list . Amongst BBC Books ' best known titles are cookery books by former TV cook Delia Smith , wildlife titles by Sir David Attenborough and gardening titles by Alan Titchmarsh . In the BBC Publishing days , it turned down The Hitchhiker 's Guide to the Galaxy , a book which has now sold over 14,000,000 copies worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9899176531546abcb014dbe388d9f88e", "text": "An Experiment in Criticism An Experiment in Criticism is a 1961 book by C. S. Lewis in which he proposes that the quality of books should be measured not by how they are written , but by how they are read . To do this , the author describes two kinds of readers . One is what he calls the `` unliterary '' , and the other the `` literary '' . He proceeds to outline some of the differences between these two types of readers . For example , one characterization of an unliterary reader is that the argument `` I 've read it before '' is a conclusive reason not to read a book . In contrast , literary readers reread books many times , savoring certain passages , and attempting to glean more from subsequent readings . Lewis also argued that judging books by whether they are `` lowbrow '' or `` highbrow '' is not necessarily fruitful ; many `` lowbrow '' books prove to be valuable to a literary reader willing to approach without prejudgment . He noted that books classified as `` lowbrow '' , such as science fiction , are also capable of inducing a passion to re-read and imparting experience which changes reader 's worldview . Lewis suggests that books which are capable of doing this may prove to have enduring merit regardless of their genre of origin . He suggested that attempting to judge the literary merit of books based on traditional criteria may not prove fruitful . Thus , Lewis suggests that a quality book is one that someone , anyone will re-read . A highbrow view that such a book is poor quality has failed to appreciate whatever qualities merit re-reading by someone .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6deb8f55a605207b39eef77dd49501c4", "text": "The Norton Anthology of English Literature The Norton Anthology of English Literature is an anthology of English literature published by the W. W. Norton & Company . First published in 1962 , it has gone through nine editions in a half-century ; as of 2006 there are over eight million copies in print , making it the publisher 's best-selling anthology . M. H. Abrams , a critic and scholar of Romanticism , served as General Editor for its first seven editions , before handing the job to Stephen Greenblatt , a Shakespeare scholar and Harvard professor . The anthology provides an overview of poetry , drama , prose fiction , essays , and letters from Beowulf to the beginning of the 21st century .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "965859e53a36af2c4950b91929079448", "text": "Hay Festival The Hay Festival of Literature & Arts is an annual literature festival held in Hay-on-Wye , Powys , Wales , for ten days from May to June . Devised by Norman and Peter Florence in 1988 , the festival was described by Bill Clinton in 2001 as `` The Woodstock of the mind '' . Tony Benn said : `` In my mind it 's replaced Christmas '' . Florence continues to be director of the Festival . Hay-on-Wye was already well known for its many bookshops before the festival was launched . Richard Booth opened his first shop there in 1962 , and by the 1970s Hay had gained the nickname `` The Town of Books '' . From its inception , the festival was held at a variety of venues around Hay , including the local Primary School , until 2005 when it moved to a unified location just south of the town . The Guardian was the main sponsor of the festival from 2002 to 2010 , succeeding The Sunday Times . The Daily Telegraph and its associated brands in Telegraph Media Group had two terms as 3-year sponsors , starting with the 2011 festival . From 2017 , the Tata Group and Baillie Gifford are amongst the principal sponsors , along with the BBC and many non-media companies such as the Arts Council of Wales and the British Council . The festival has expanded over the years to include musical performances and film previews . A children 's festival , `` Hay Fever '' , runs alongside the main festival . It has also expanded internationally and sister festivals take place in Arequipa , Nairobi , Dhaka , Zacatecas , The Maldives , Kerala at Thiruvananthapuram , Beirut , Belfast , Cartagena , the Alhambra Palace , Parc Prison in Bridgend and Segovia . In 2009 Hay Festival also took on the ailing Brecon Jazz Festival . It is run by a not-for-profit company , and entrance is free to students . The Hay Festival was one of 11 Welsh winners of The Queen 's Awards for Enterprise for 2009 . The 2009 festival included writers Carol Ann Duffy , David Simon , Stephen Fry , David Nicholls , Jenny Valentine and Melvyn Bragg , scientists Martin Rees and Sabine Bahn , economists Anthony Giddens , Nicholas Stern , Howard Davies and Danny Quah , comedians Dylan Moran , Dara Ó Briain and Sandi Toksvig , and general speakers David Frost , Desmond Tutu , Rowan Williams and Rhodri Morgan . The 2012 festival included writers Martin Amis , Jung Chang , Louis de Bernières , Mark Haddon , Mario Vargas Llosa , Hilary Mantel , Ian McEwan , Michael Morpurgo , Ben Okri , Ian Rankin , Salman Rushdie , Owen Sheers , Jeanette Winterson , comedians Bill Bailey , Rob Brydon , Julian Clary , Jack Dee , Tim Minchin , politicians Peter Hain and Boris Johnson , scientists John D. Barrow , Martin Rees , Simon Singh , and general speakers Harry Belafonte , William Dalrymple , Stephen Fry , A.C. Grayling , Germaine Greer , Michael Ignatieff , and David Starkey . Sessions at the Hay Festival have been recorded for television and radio programmes such as The Readers ' and Writers ' Roadshow and The One Show . All the BBC 's national radio channels apart from Radio One have been involved in broadcasting from the festival , and Sky Arts showed highlights of the festival from 2010 until 2013 , handing over the main coverage to the BBC for the 2014 event .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e68c6e6748a104574973c6ce722d663f", "text": "Beta reader An alpha reader or beta reader ( also spelled alphareader / betareader , or shortened to alpha / beta ) , also pre-reader or critiquer , is a non-professional reader who reads a written work , generally fiction , with the intent of looking over the material to find and improve elements such as grammar and spelling , as well as suggestions to improve the story , its characters , or its setting . Beta reading is typically done before the story is released for public consumption . Beta readers are not explicitly proofreaders or editors , but can serve in that context . Elements highlighted by beta readers encompass things such as plot holes , problems with continuity , characterisation or believability ; in fiction and non-fiction , the beta might also assist the author with fact-checking .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "95428823d46a1c8d4d0ae45290444d82", "text": "The Reader (magazine) The Reader is a Liverpool-based literary magazine published quarterly by The Reader Organisation . The magazine was founded in 1997 by Sarah Coley , Jane Davis , and Angela Macmillan with a grant from the University of Liverpool 's School of English . It operated as part of the University of Liverpool until 2008 when the parent organisation became an independent charitable body . The Reader magazine is currently edited by Philip Davis , author , biographer , and Professor of English at the University of Liverpool . The Deputy Editor is Sarah Coley . The magazine features original poetry and short fiction , essays , interviews and recommendations with an emphasis on the enjoyment of reading good quality writing . Issues are based loosely around a given theme , with letters , a crossword and the famously tricky ` Buck 's Quiz ' making up the last section . Since taking over the editorship from his wife in 2007 Philip Davis has overseen a successful redesign and relaunch and the magazine now includes a small amount of photography . The magazine has managed to attract many high-profile contributors over the years , including A. S. Byatt , Howard Jacobson , Seamus Heaney , Will Self , Graham Swift , John Kinsella , Les Murray , John Carey , Bel Mooney and Jonathan Bate . As well as the magazine , The Reader Organisation promotes live literature and outreach events and educational community-based projects such as Get Into Reading , promoting and researching the therapeutic value of reading ( ` bibliotherapy ' ) . In this context The Reader supports and works with other U.K. arts in health charities such as Poems in the Waiting Room . In 2008 it spun off from the University of Liverpool as an independent charitable organisation with Blake Morrison as its Chair and Jane Davis as director .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aff2332611b5bf912d02dc85e2978f79", "text": "Rodney Baxter Rodney James Baxter FRS FAA ( born 8 February 1940 in London , United Kingdom ) is an Australian physicist , specializing in statistical mechanics . He is well known for his work in exactly solved models , in particular vertex models such as the six-vertex model and eight-vertex model , and the chiral Potts model and hard hexagon model . A recurring theme in the solution of such models , the Yang-Baxter equation , also known as the `` star triangle relation '' , is named in his honour .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab4d62177f66463143bdc06a30fb8a17", "text": "Baxter College Baxter College is a mixed secondary school with academy status located in Kidderminster , Worcestershire , England . Prior to September 2002 the school was known as Harry Cheshire High School . The school provides education for pupils aged 11 to 18 years , and offers a wide range of courses at GCSE and A-Level .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9ca477ba907cd572a95c4e2147d42cb4", "text": "Ancient Egyptian literature Ancient Egyptian literature was written in the Egyptian language from ancient Egypt 's pharaonic period until the end of Roman domination . It represents the oldest corpus of Egyptian literature . Along with Sumerian literature , it is considered the world 's earliest literature . Writing in ancient Egypt -- both hieroglyphic and hieratic -- first appeared in the late 4th millennium BC during the late phase of predynastic Egypt . By the Old Kingdom ( 26th century BC to 22nd century BC ) , literary works included funerary texts , epistles and letters , hymns and poems , and commemorative autobiographical texts recounting the careers of prominent administrative officials . It was not until the early Middle Kingdom ( 21st century BC to 17th century BC ) that a narrative Egyptian literature was created . This was a `` media revolution '' which , according to Richard B. Parkinson , was the result of the rise of an intellectual class of scribes , new cultural sensibilities about individuality , unprecedented levels of literacy , and mainstream access to written materials . However , it is possible that the overall literacy rate was less than one percent of the entire population . The creation of literature was thus an elite exercise , monopolized by a scribal class attached to government offices and the royal court of the ruling pharaoh . However , there is no full consensus among modern scholars concerning the dependence of ancient Egyptian literature on the sociopolitical order of the royal courts . Middle Egyptian , the spoken language of the Middle Kingdom , became a classical language during the New Kingdom ( 16th century BC to 11th century BC ) , when the vernacular language known as Late Egyptian first appeared in writing . Scribes of the New Kingdom canonized and copied many literary texts written in Middle Egyptian , which remained the language used for oral readings of sacred hieroglyphic texts . Some genres of Middle Kingdom literature , such as `` teachings '' and fictional tales , remained popular in the New Kingdom , although the genre of prophetic texts was not revived until the Ptolemaic period ( 4th century BC to 1st century BC ) . Popular tales included the Story of Sinuhe and The Eloquent Peasant , while important teaching texts include the Instructions of Amenemhat and The Loyalist Teaching . By the New Kingdom period , the writing of commemorative graffiti on sacred temple and tomb walls flourished as a unique genre of literature , yet it employed formulaic phrases similar to other genres . The acknowledgment of rightful authorship remained important only in a few genres , while texts of the `` teaching '' genre were pseudonymous and falsely attributed to prominent historical figures . Ancient Egyptian literature has been preserved on a wide variety of media . This includes papyrus scrolls and packets , limestone or ceramic ostraca , wooden writing boards , monumental stone edifices and coffins . Texts preserved and unearthed by modern archaeologists represent a small fraction of ancient Egyptian literary material . The area of the floodplain of the Nile is under-represented because the moist environment is unsuitable for the preservation of papyri and ink inscriptions . On the other hand , hidden caches of literature , buried for thousands of years , have been discovered in settlements on the dry desert margins of Egyptian civilization .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f3cd21922b8130b04ca28289fe232c44", "text": "Old English literature Old English literature or Anglo-Saxon literature , encompasses literature written in Old English , in Anglo-Saxon England from the 7th century to the decades after the Norman Conquest of 1066 . `` Cædmon 's Hymn '' , composed in the 7th century , according to Bede , is often considered the oldest extant poem in English , whereas the later poem , The Grave is one of the final poems written in Old English , and presents a transitional text between Old and Middle English . The Peterborough Chronicle can also be considered a late-period text , continuing into the 12th century . The poem Beowulf , which often begins the traditional canon of English literature , is the most famous work of Old English literature . The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle has also proven significant for historical study , preserving a chronology of early English history . In descending order of quantity , Old English literature consists of : sermons and saints ' lives ; biblical translations ; translated Latin works of the early Church Fathers ; Anglo-Saxon chronicles and narrative history works ; laws , wills and other legal works ; practical works on grammar , medicine , geography ; and poetry . In all there are over 400 surviving manuscripts from the period , of which about 189 are considered `` major '' . Besides Old English literature , Anglo-Saxons wrote a number of Anglo-Latin works .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1fd7945e40114944cbce43d9efaffbbf", "text": "Mario Reading Mario G. Reading ( 1953 - 29 January 2017 ) was a British author . Reading was born in Bournemouth in 1953 , son of Gordon and Lieselotte Reading . He was brought up in England , Germany , and the South of France , and educated at Rugby School and at the University of East Anglia , where he studied Comparative Literature under Malcolm Bradbury and Angus Wilson . His novels include The Music-Makers , and the bestselling Antichrist Trilogy ( which has sold more than a million copies in 39 countries ) , comprising The Nostradamus Prophecies , The Mayan Codex , and The Third Antichrist . His newest series of novels features photojournalist John `` The Templar '' Hart : The Templar Prophecy came out in 2014 , The Templar Inheritance in April 2015 , and Hart 's newest adventure , The Templar Succession , appeared in April 2016 . He was a member of Mensa and the ultra high IQ organisation , The International Society For Philosophical Enquiry -LSB- ISPE -RSB- . In 2015 , he was voted one of the Top 100 Most Spiritually Influential Living People by Watkins Mind Body Spirit Magazine . After years of battling cancer , Mario Reading died on 29 January 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "67767dc40db4a8d1ad6dacbc0a7a8293", "text": "Encyclopedia An encyclopedia or encyclopaedia is a reference work or compendium providing a comprehensive summary of information from either all branches of knowledge or from a particular field or discipline . Encyclopedias are divided into articles or entries that are often arranged alphabetically by article name and sometimes by thematic categories . Encyclopedia entries are longer and more detailed than those in most dictionaries . Generally speaking , unlike dictionary entries which focus on linguistic information about words , such as their meaning , pronunciation , use , and grammatical forms , encyclopedia articles focus on factual information concerning the subject named in the article 's title . Encyclopedias have existed for around 2,000 years and have evolved considerably since that time as to language ( written in a major international or a vernacular language ) , size ( few or many volumes ) , intent ( presentation of a global or a limited range of knowledge ) , cultural perceptions ( authoritative , ideological , didactic , utilitarian ) , authorship ( qualifications , style ) , readership ( education level , background , interests , capabilities ) , and the technologies available for their production and distribution ( hand-written manuscripts , small or large print runs , internet production ) . As a valued source of reliable information compiled by experts , printed versions found a prominent place in libraries , schools and other educational institutions . The appearance of digital and open-source versions in the 20th century has vastly expanded the accessibility , authorship , readership , and variety of encyclopedia entries and called into question the idea of what an encyclopedia is and the relevance of applying to such dynamic productions the traditional criteria for assembling and evaluating print encyclopedias .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a58e08e075fea87de1a66a4c087f94b1", "text": "Outstanding Academic Title According to the American Library Association , the prestigious Outstanding Academic Titles list `` reflects the best in scholarly titles ... and brings with it the extraordinary recognition of the academic library community . '' Every year , in its January issue , ` Choice : Current Reviews for Academic Libraries , or simply Choice chooses a selection of the books reviewed in the last year as `` Outstanding Academic Titles '' ( `` Outstanding Academic Books '' until 2000 ) . The selection covers around 10 % of the roughly 7000 books reviewed annually . Choice ' , published by the Association of College and Research Libraries ( ACRL ) , is often cited ad the premier source for reviews of academic books , electronic media , and Internet resources of interest to those in higher education . Most academic libraries in the United States use Choice for selecting and purchasing materials . According to the ACRL , Choice reaches 22,000 librarians and an estimated 13,000 higher education faculty in almost every undergraduate college and university library in the United States , along with many larger public libraries , and special and governmental libraries . Reviews are published monthly in Choice magazine and ChoiceReviews.online . Choice publishes approximately 7,000 reviews per year in 50 subdisciplines spanning the humanities , science and technology , and the social and behavioral sciences . Selections for Outstanding Academic Titles are by unpaid scholars who act as experts in their respective fields of study . A list of Outstanding Academic Titles may be viewed at the ALA Outstanding Academic Title portal .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "46691e4f4540e4079e35967f8b50d607", "text": "Guys Read Guys Read is a web-based literacy program for boys founded by author Jon Scieszka in 2001 . Its mission is `` to help boys become self-motivated , lifelong readers '' by bringing attention to the issue , promoting the expansion of what is called `` reading '' to include materials like comic books , and encouraging grown men to be literacy role models . Scieszka says , `` It kind of came out of my experience both as growing up a guy , for starters , and then going into elementary school teaching , where I found that the guy sensibility is n't really appreciated there , mostly that the world of elementary school is probably like 85 % women - teachers and librarians . '' As for how exactly to motivate boys to read , Scieszka says , `` I think the best way to do it is to give them things they like to read ... What we have n't done with boys is we have n't really given them a broad range of reading . In schools , what 's seen as reading is so narrow : it 's literary , realistic fiction . '' The Guys Read website includes a large list of `` books that guys read '' , instructions as to how to start a Guys Read `` field office '' ( or book club ) , a blog , and links to many boy-loved authors ' websites . Guys Write for Guys Read , the first book to come out of the program , is a compilation that features over eighty stories and illustrations from noted male authors and illustrators who shared stories from their own childhoods . In 2010 , Scieszka started the Guys Read Library of Great Reading -- collections of original short stories by male and female authors who boys enjoy reading , grouped by genre . The first volume is humor , Guys Read : Funny Business ; the second is mystery , Guys Read : Thriller ; the third is sports , Guys Read : The Sports Pages . The fourth volume in the collection is sci-fi/fantasy , titled Guys Read : Other Worlds . The fifth volume 's theme is nonfiction , titled Guys Read : True Stories . A sixth volume , whose theme is horror , titled Guys Read : Terrifying Tales , was released on September 1 , 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "de592e967bc6f7d8e29eb17db7435a6d", "text": "Welsh literature in English Anglo-Welsh literature and Welsh writing in English are terms used to describe works written in the English language by Welsh writers . It has been recognised as a distinctive entity only since the 20th century . The need for a separate identity for this kind of writing arose because of the parallel development of modern Welsh-language literature ; as such it is perhaps the youngest branch of English-language literature in the British Isles . Welsh writers in English have traditionally favoured the short story form over the novel for two main reasons : in a society lacking sufficient wealth to support professional writers , the amateur writer was able to spare time only for short bursts of creativity ; and , like poetry , it concentrated linguistic delight and exuberance . However , the genre did not develop in these writers much beyond its origin in rural sketches . Satire was avoided , and , since the main market was London publishers , the short stories tended to focus on the eccentricities ( as seen from a metropolitan viewpoint ) of Welsh life .", "title": "" } ]
fever
aacf62d4257217ac7c900dd9221e9011
Memorial Day is not officially recognized by any government.
[ { "docid": "327909d9c370da10c9977bc6d73385f8", "text": "Memorial Day Memorial Day is a federal holiday in the United States for remembering the people who died while serving in the country 's armed forces . The holiday , which is currently observed every year on the last Monday of May , was held on May 30 from 1868-1971 . It marks the start of the unofficial summer vacation season , while Labor Day marks its end . Many people visit cemeteries and memorials , particularly to honor those who have died in military service . Many volunteers place an American flag on each grave in national cemeteries . Memorial Day is not to be confused with Veterans Day ; Memorial Day is a day of remembering the men and women who died while serving , while Veterans Day celebrates the service of all U.S. military veterans .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bbb9c0d9ebbeaabd412cc8a4dba529e0", "text": "Federal holidays in the United States In the United States , a federal holiday is an authorized holiday which has been recognized by the US government . Every year on a US federal holiday , non-essential federal government offices are closed , and every federal employee is paid for the holiday . Private-sector employees required to work on a legal holiday may receive holiday pay in addition to their ordinary wages . Federal holidays are designated by the United States Congress in Title V of the United States Code . Congress has authority to create holidays only for federal institutions ( including federally owned properties ) and employees , and for the District of Columbia . However , as a general rule other institutions , including banks , post offices , and schools , may be closed on those days . In various parts of the country , state and city holidays may be observed in addition to the federal holidays .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "ed6500caf6f27d287848912d3ce8fcaf", "text": "World Freedom Day (United States) World Freedom Day is a United States federal observance declared by then-President George W. Bush to commemorate the fall of the Berlin Wall and the end of communist rule in Central and Eastern Europe . It started in 2001 and is celebrated on November 9 . For this occasion , conservative youth groups such as Young America 's Foundation and the College Republicans urge students to commemorate this day ( which they mark as the start of `` Freedom Week , '' thus including Veterans Day ) by `` celebrating victory over communism '' through provocative flyer campaigns and activism projects . Many conservative political commentators and activists use World Freedom Day as an occasion in which to acclaim President Ronald Reagan , whom they regard as being responsible for the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e57813d0aca1e2de97dc7cf7eb6663d0", "text": "Loving Day Loving Day is an annual celebration held on June 12 , the anniversary of the 1967 United States Supreme Court decision Loving v. Virginia which struck down all anti-miscegenation laws remaining in sixteen U.S. states . '' In the United States , anti-miscegenation laws were U.S. state laws banning interracial marriage , mainly forbidding marriage between non-whites and whites . Loving Day is not an officially recognized holiday by the U.S. government , but there was a movement to persuade U.S. President Barack Obama to make it so . Loving Day is the biggest multiracial celebration in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2f34ff9ef6a2663fa8ccd0ef037f28ed", "text": "Public holidays in Israel Note : for exact dates in the Gregorian calendar see Jewish holidays 2000-2050 . Public holidays in Israel refers to national holidays officially recognized by the Knesset , Israel 's parliament . Independence Day is observed by all citizens while others are Jewish religious festivals . The following list includes national holidays , Jewish holidays , fast days and memorial days . Many businesses and government offices allow workers to choose an additional one or two days of leave from the list of non-official holidays . Collective leave is also a common habit in many businesses and government offices during Chol HaMoed . All holidays start at sunset , and workplaces typically close down on the afternoon of the holiday 's eve . Some services resume their work the following evening , while most workers continue the holiday until the next morning . Weekends in Israel are Friday to Saturday . The law designates 36 hours of weekly holiday from Friday afternoon until Sunday morning , but most businesses and offices are closed all day on Fridays .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc1e7ea416a3ba22cff5def90ed10aea", "text": "Day of Remembrance for Truth and Justice The Day of Remembrance for Truth and Justice ( Día de la Memoria por la Verdad y la Justicia ) is a public holiday in Argentina , commemorating the victims of the Dirty War . It is held on 24 March , the anniversary of the coup d'état of 1976 that brought the National Reorganization Process to power . The commemoration was sanctioned as Law 25633 by the Argentine National Congress on 1 August 2002 , and promulgated by the Executive Branch on 22 August of the same year . However , it was not implemented as a public national holiday until 2006 . The 30th anniversary of the coup was marked by massive demonstrations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8816841e7144b0d7d449ab288e828056", "text": "National War Memorial (Newfoundland) The National War Memorial in Downtown St. John 's is the most elaborate of all the post World War I monuments in Newfoundland and Labrador . It was erected at King 's Beach on Water Street where , in 1583 , Sir Humphrey Gilbert claimed Newfoundland for England . It was formally unveiled on Memorial Day , July 1 , 1924 by Field Marshal Douglas Haig , 1st Earl Haig . The term `` National '' refers to this monument being built by the Dominion of Newfoundland as a nation , before it became part of Canada . The Great War Veterans ' Association and the Newfoundland Patriotic Association launched the campaign to have the National War Memorial established . They developed a committee to establish the design and undertake the fund-raising to pay for the proposed memorial . Construction of the memorial was supervised by Lieutenant-Colonel Father Thomas Nangle , the Roman Catholic Padre of Royal Newfoundland Regiment and ( Ret ) Captain Gerald ( Gerry ) Whitty", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e9e9c85121dc6803a36c68b74baac9ae", "text": "Kansas Day Kansas Day is a holiday in the state of Kansas in the United States . It is celebrated annually on January 29 to commemorate the anniversary of the 1861 admission of Kansas into the Union . It was first celebrated in 1877 by schoolchildren in Paola . Annual Kansas Day celebrations include school field trips and special projects to study the history of Kansas , special visits by students to the Statehouse in Topeka , performances of Home on the Range , the Kansas State Song , and special proclamations by the Governor of Kansas and members of the Kansas Legislature .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cae983556e67370be7dd5b8684b8362f", "text": "Jefferson Memorial The Jefferson Memorial is a presidential memorial in Washington , D.C. , dedicated to Thomas Jefferson ( 1743 -- 1826 ) , one of the most important of the American Founding Fathers as the main drafter and writer of the Declaration of Independence , member of the Continental Congress , governor of the newly independent Commonwealth of Virginia , American minister to King Louis XVI and the Kingdom of France , first U.S. Secretary of State under the first President George Washington , the second Vice President of the United States under second President John Adams , and also the third President ( 1801 -- 1809 ) , as well as being the founder of the University of Virginia at Charlottesville , Virginia . The neoclassical Memorial building on the Tidal Basin off the Washington Channel of the Potomac River was designed by the architect John Russell Pope and built by the Philadelphia contractor John McShain . Construction of the building began in 1939 and was completed in 1943 . The bronze statue of Jefferson was added in 1947 . The Jefferson Memorial is managed by the National Park Service of the United States Department of the Interior under its National Mall and Memorial Parks division . In 2007 , it was ranked fourth on the `` List of America 's Favorite Architecture '' by the American Institute of Architects .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f7bef263774214547f57ef385f10651a", "text": "Anniversary An anniversary is the date on which an event took place or an institution was founded in a previous year , and may also refer to the commemoration or celebration of that event . For example , the first event is the initial occurrence or , if planned , the inaugural of the event . One year later would be the first anniversary of that event . The word was first used for Catholic feasts to commemorate saints . Most countries celebrate national anniversaries , typically called national days . These could be the date of independence of the nation or the adoption of a new constitution or form of government . The important dates in a sitting monarch 's reign may also be commemorated , an event often referred to as a `` jubilee '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bd17e32fd4112fdb6a8927aea1e4cf98", "text": "State of Deseret The State of Deseret ( -LSB- dɛzəˈrɛt -RSB- ) was a provisional state of the United States , proposed in 1849 by settlers from The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ( LDS Church ) in Salt Lake City . The provisional state existed for slightly over two years and was never recognized by the United States government . The name derives from the word for `` honeybee '' in the Book of Mormon .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0f652445cb8cfc56e35ff1448f61662f", "text": "Emancipation Memorial The Emancipation Memorial , also known as the Freedman 's Memorial or the Emancipation Group , and sometimes referred to as the `` Lincoln Memorial '' before the more prominent so-named memorial was built , is a monument in Lincoln Park in the Capitol Hill neighborhood of Washington , D.C. Designed and sculpted by Thomas Ball and erected in 1876 , the monument depicts Abraham Lincoln in his role of the `` Great Emancipator '' freeing a male African American slave modeled on Archer Alexander . The ex-slave is depicted on one knee , with one fist clenched , shirtless and shackled at the president 's feet . The statue originally faced west towards the U.S. Capitol until it was rotated east in 1974 in order to face the newly-erected Mary McLeod Bethune Memorial . The monument has long been the subject of controversy . According to information from American University : Despite being paid for by African Americans , historian Kirk Savage in 1997 condemned it as `` a monument entrenched in and perpetuating racist ideology '' because of the supplicant and inferior position of the Black figure . The statue is a contributing monument to the Civil War Monuments in Washington , DC , of the National Register of Historic Places .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a9edc46f260b8ae0d2a121e21382695c", "text": "Military orders, awards and decorations A military decoration is an award , usually a medal of some sort that consists of a ribbon and medallion given to an individual as a distinctively designed mark of honor denoting heroism , or meritorious or outstanding service or achievement . While the United States Government does not consider all its military awards and medals as being `` decorations '' , other countries tend to refer to all their military awards and medals as `` decorations '' . Civil decorations awarded to military personnel should not be considered military decorations , although some orders of chivalry have civil and military divisions . Decorations received by police and fire brigade personnel may sometimes be considered alongside military decorations , on which they may be modelled , although they are strictly not military awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a64e67de634462fcd55ee7262cef03df", "text": "Not My Presidents Day `` Not My Presidents Day '' ( sometimes `` Not My President 's Day '' , or `` Not My Presidents ' Day '' ) was a series of rallies against the President of the United States , Donald Trump , held on Washington 's Birthday ( an American federal holiday also known as Presidents ' Day ) , February 20 , 2017 . Protests were held in dozens of cities throughout the United States . Demonstrations were also held outside London 's Houses of Parliament , and in Orkney . The marches were mostly coordinated through Facebook . Organizers of the protest stated that although Trump was the president , they wanted to show that he did not represent their values . Los Angeles was the first city to plan a `` Not My Presidents Day '' rally , which was attended by more than a thousand protesters . New York City saw the largest demonstration , with an estimated 10,000 to 13,000 people attending a rally outside Trump International Hotel and Tower . The events were mostly peaceful , although thirteen people were arrested in Portland , Oregon .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0e147d95503c9863e676fcaeab7ab639", "text": "Maritime Day Maritime Days are holidays typically established to recognize accomplishments in the maritime field .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d1b43f493256c06133d7d9e1fc159797", "text": "Holocaust Memorial Days Holocaust Memorial Day or Holocaust Remembrance Day refers to various countries ' designated annual day of commemoration honoring the victims , survivors and rescuers of the Holocaust during the Nazi German regime . As of 2004 , twelve countries observed January 27 , the day of the liberation of the Auschwitz concentration camp , including Germany , Britain , France , Italy and Scandinavian countries . In 2004 Israel designated this date as a mark of the struggle against anti-Semitism . As of 2004 , eleven countries in Europe had chosen dates related to local histories .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b0a7ab0e29fe5e0c4c36766201319320", "text": "Laos Memorial The Laos and Hmong Memorial , or Lao Veterans of America Monument , is a granite monument , bronze plaque and living memorial ( that includes an Atlas Cedar tree ) in Arlington National Cemetery . It is located in Section 2 on Grant Avenue between the path to the JFK memorial and the Tomb of the Unknowns , in Arlington National Cemetery , Arlington , Virginia , in the United States . The Laos - Hmong memorial commemorates the veterans of the `` Secret War '' in Laos who fought against invading Soviet Union-backed North Vietnam Army forces of the People 's Army of Vietnam and communist Pathet Lao guerrillas . Approved by the U.S. Department of Defense , Arlington National Cemetery , and the U.S. Department of the Army , but designed and paid for privately by the Lao Veterans of America , Inc. , the Lao Veterans of America Institute , and The Centre for Public Policy Analysis , the memorial stands as a tribute to the Hmong , Lao , other ethnic groups ( Lao , Khmu , Mien , Lahu ) , and American clandestine and military advisers who made up the Secret War effort during the Vietnam War . The Lao Veterans of America , Inc. is the nation 's largest ethnic Laotian - and Hmong-American veterans organization .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8a3297da266925f93e1422d7432a9fc0", "text": "United Nations Year for Tolerance The United Nations General Assembly proclaimed 1995 the United Nations Year for Tolerance with UNESCO as the lead organization . ( It had invited the Economic and Social Council to consider the matter in an earlier session . ) The idea and practice of tolerance was widely promoted in schools in many member states . Tolerance was held to be an ` endangered virtue ' in many parts of the world , particularly those who were under racial and religious wars , such as those in Bosnia and Rwanda . UNESCO said that five key planks were required to overcome intolerance : law , education , access to information , individual awareness and local solutions . Tolerance is thus a political , legal and moral duty to protect and preserve human rights . The International Day for Tolerance is now celebrated on November 16 every year , in recognition of the Paris Declaration which was signed that day in 1995 by 185 member states . In 1995 , a press conference was held at the United Nations by 12-year-old Mark Semotiuk who launched his book `` 401 Goofy Jokes for Kids '' which united kids from Ukraine , Canada and the United States , as one of the symbols for the United Nations Year for Tolerance .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e1d8fbae942167db7237e980ff59cb5", "text": "Canberra Day Canberra Day is a public holiday held annually on the second Monday in March in the Australian Capital Territory ( ACT ) to celebrate the official naming of Canberra . Canberra was named at a ceremony on 12 March 1913 by Lady Denman , the wife of the then Governor-General Lord Denman . On 3 March 2007 , the ACT Minister Andrew Barr ( now Chief Minister of the Australian Capital Territory ) introduced a bill to change the day of Canberra Day to the second Monday in March so it falls closer more often to the actual birthday of Canberra . Previously it had been held on the third Monday in March . In 2012 Canberra Day fell on 12 March . In 2013 it fell on 11 March , for the Centenary of Canberra . Annual events associated with Canberra Day include the Canberra Festival , which runs from 11-20 March 2011 , the Chief Minister 's Canberra Day Awards Ceremony , and the Canberra Festival Balloon Spectacular .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b066a98a70652ed490227e80814e1c5a", "text": "The National WWII Museum The National WWII Museum , formerly known as the D-Day Museum , is a military history museum located in the Central Business District of New Orleans , Louisiana , on Andrew Higgins Drive between Camp Street and Magazine Street . The museum focuses on the contribution made by the United States to Allied victory in World War II . Founded in 2000 , it was later designated by the U.S. Congress as America 's official National World War II Museum in 2003 . The Museum maintains an affiliation with the Smithsonian Institution . The mission statement of the Museum emphasizes the American experience in World War II .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b133f89aaedaffe2d834a24085b2df99", "text": "United Nations' International Day of Persons with Disabilities International Day of Persons with Disabilities ( December 3 ) is an international observance promoted by the United Nations since 1992 . It has been celebrated with varying degrees of success around the planet . The observance of the Day aims to promote an understanding of disability issues and mobilize support for the dignity , rights and well-being of persons with disabilities . It also seeks to increase awareness of gains to be derived from the integration of persons with disabilities in every aspect of political , social , economic and cultural life . It was originally called `` International Day of Disabled Persons '' until 2007 . Each year the day focuses on a different issue .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4cabb7bbcbc02d6a1c88547fea22f7ef", "text": "Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918 `` MBTA '' redirects here . For the Boston , MA based transportation company , see Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority . The Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918 ( MBTA ) , codified at ( although § 709 is omitted ) , is a United States federal law , first enacted in 1916 in order to implement the convention for the protection of migratory birds between the United States and Great Britain ( acting on behalf of Canada ) . The statute makes it unlawful without a waiver to pursue , hunt , take , capture , kill or sell birds listed therein ( `` migratory birds '' ) . The statute does not discriminate between live or dead birds and also grants full protection to any bird parts including feathers , eggs and nests . Over 800 species are currently on the list . Some exceptions to the act , including the eagle feather law , are enacted in federal regulations , which regulates the taking , possession , and transportation of bald eagles , golden eagles , and their `` parts , nests , and eggs '' for `` scientific , educational , and depredation control purposes ; for the religious purposes of American Indian tribes ; and to protect other interests in a particular locality . '' Enrolled members of federally recognized tribes may apply for an eagle permit for use in `` bona fide tribal religious ceremonies . '' The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service issues permits for otherwise prohibited activities under the act . These include permits for taxidermy , falconry , propagation , scientific and educational use , and depredation , an example of the latter being the killing of geese near an airport , where they pose a danger to aircraft . The Act was enacted in an era when many bird species were threatened by the commercial trade in birds and bird feathers . The Act was one of the first federal environmental laws ( the Lacey Act had been enacted in 1900 ) . The Act replaced the earlier Weeks-McLean Act ( 1913 ) . Since 1918 , similar conventions between the United States and four other nations have been made and incorporated into the MBTA : Mexico ( 1936 ) , Japan ( 1972 ) and the Soviet Union ( 1976 , now its successor state Russia ) . Some of the conventions stipulate protections not only for the birds themselves , but also for habitats and environs necessary for the birds ' survival . Constitutionally this law is of interest as it is a use of the federal treaty-making power to override the provisions of state law . The principle that the federal government may do this was upheld in the case Missouri v. Holland .", "title": "" } ]
fever
d50789cc3d832fd3afa5a53cb1a823a7
Katie Holmes' birthday is December 18.
[ { "docid": "31a04603562e957308e5e64ae404a56a", "text": "Katie Holmes Kate Noelle Holmes ( born December 18 , 1978 ) is an American actress who first achieved fame for her role as Joey Potter on The WB television teen drama Dawson 's Creek from 1998 to 2003 . She appeared in 1998 's Disturbing Behavior , a thriller , which won her an MTV Movie Award for Best Breakthrough Performance . In 2000 Holmes featured in Wonder Boys which got positive attention from many leading critics . Holmes had a starring role in 2003 's Pieces of April , a gritty comedy about a dysfunctional family on Thanksgiving . In the 2005 film Batman Begins , the highest-grossing film of her career to date , she played Rachel Dawes , Gotham City 's assistant district attorney and Bruce Wayne 's childhood sweetheart . She also appeared in art house films such as The Ice Storm , horror films such as Do n't Be Afraid of the Dark and thrillers including Abandon . She has also played on Broadway in a production of Arthur Miller 's All My Sons and had numerous guest roles on television programs such as How I Met Your Mother . In 2011 , she starred as Jacqueline Kennedy in the The Kennedys miniseries , a role she later reprised in the 2017 miniseries The Kennedys : After Camelot . Her marriage to actor Tom Cruise from 2006 to 2012 led to a great deal of media attention , with the pair being called a supercouple and given the nickname `` TomKat '' .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "1023953aa7a1fb893d3f03f2ae6ebb81", "text": "Katie Holmes (historian) Katie Holmes is a professor of history at La Trobe University , Melbourne , Australia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "883eef472ad3a6b43213907415401203", "text": "Birthday cake A birthday cake is a cake traditionally eaten as part of a birthday celebration in many cultures around the world . Traditions associated with the birthday cake in many Western cultures include singing the Happy Birthday to You song . Candles are often put on the cake and the person whose birthday it is has to blow out the candles . Often , the number of candles on the cake corresponds to the age of the person whose birthday it is ( although the older the person , the less likely it is that this tradition will be upheld ) . Blowing all the candles out at once is thought to bring good luck . Variations of the typical birthday cake include birthday cupcakes , cake pops , pastries , and tarts . While there is not a universal standard regarding taste , birthday cakes are often vanilla , chocolate , or strawberry flavored . They are also baked in a variety of shapes and decorated in one color or multiple colors with icing or fondant .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a59c88ed8a34806675b8eb05e7d3531d", "text": "The Scientific Sherlock Holmes: Cracking the Case with Science and Forensics The Scientific Sherlock Holmes : Cracking the Case with Science and Forensics ( ISBN 978-0-199-79496-6 ) is a book written by James O'Brien , which was originally published on 3 December 2012 and then by Oxford University Press , USA on 3 January 2013 . The book later went on to win the Edgar Award for Best Critical / Biographical Work in 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "de236e6e78b0ebfc6620dd181c0ea03d", "text": "October 18", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e61e0bead5d01084137cac71930ec99f", "text": "December 30", "title": "" }, { "docid": "73b504239bb7b3f83b9c0744ee000bbb", "text": "Seventeen (Japanese magazine) is a monthly Japanese fashion magazine for female teenagers published by Shueisha . Launched in 1967 as a weekly magazine based on the original American Seventeen , the magazine changed the name to SEVENTEEN in 1987 , and to Seventeen in 2008 . Since the late 1990s , Seventeen has been the highest-selling teenage fashion magazine in Japan , and has featured its exclusive teenage models as ST-Mo ( STモ - Seventeen Model ) . Seventeen is very sought after among models ( teenage models ) because being featured on the magazine especially on its cover and certain pages , strongly helps them to get high-quality endorsements and prestigious contracts . Well-known former Seventeen models include Keiko Kitagawa , Nana Eikura , Rie Miyazawa , Anna Tsuchiya , Hinano Yoshikawa , and Emi Suzuki .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "280e9d8c182e405e0a5534c3064c103e", "text": "The Sherlock Holmes The Sherlock Holmes is a Victorian era themed public house in Northumberland Street near Charing Cross railway station and Trafalgar Square which contains a large collection of memorabilia related to the fictional detective Sherlock Holmes . The original collection was put together for display in Baker Street in London during the Festival of Britain in 1951 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bb78c3b314aa040045fcf4b8599c35fd", "text": "List of Sherlock Holmes episodes The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes ( 1984 -- 1985 ) , The Return of Sherlock Holmes ( 1986 -- 1988 ) , The Case-Book of Sherlock Holmes ( 1991 -- 1993 ) and The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes ( 1994 ) , collectively known as Sherlock Holmes , are a series of adaptations of Arthur Conan Doyle 's Sherlock Holmes stories which were produced by Granada Television and originally broadcast by ITV in the United Kingdom . The series starred Jeremy Brett as Holmes and David Burke ( in the Adventures series ) and Edward Hardwicke ( Return , Case-Book , Memoirs ) as Dr. Watson . The programme adapted 42 of the original stories in 41 episodes , with 36 running for 50 minutes ( in a one-hour timeslot ) , and five being feature-length specials . Adventures ran for two series totalling 13 episodes , from April to June 1984 and August to September 1985 . Return ran for two series from July to August 1986 and April to August 1988 , as well as the specials `` The Sign of Four '' and `` The Hound of the Baskervilles '' , which aired on 29 December 1987 and 31 August 1988 respectively . Case-Book ran for one series from February to March 1991 and three specials which aired on 2 January 1992 and 27 January and 3 February 1993 . Memoirs ran for one series from March to April 1994 . A short episode was also produced as part of `` The Four Oaks Mystery '' which aired during the ITV Telethon in 1992 . Sherlock Holmes appeared in the first part , with the casts of Van der Valk , Taggart and Inspector Wexford appearing in the second , third and fourth parts respectively . The series has been released on DVD in Regions 1 , 2 and 4 , and has been repeated on ITV3 and BBC Two .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8168526d535cbe3dc4b75ea5254fe849", "text": "Abbey Holmes Abbey Holmes ( born 7 January 1991 ) is an Australian rules footballer playing for the Adelaide Football Club in the AFL Women 's competition . She was drafted by Adelaide with their thirteenth selection and 103rd overall in the 2016 AFL Women 's draft . She made her debut in the thirty-six point win against at Thebarton Oval in the opening round of the 2017 season . She was a part of Adelaide 's premiership side after the club defeated by six points at Metricon Stadium in the AFL Women 's Grand Final . She played every match in her debut season to finish with eight matches . Adelaide signed Holmes for the 2018 season during the trade period in May 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a6b9d634b1c09fb1eda308173681d04f", "text": "Black Christmas (2006 film) Black Christmas ( abbreviated as Black X-Mas ) is a 2006 American-Canadian slasher film written and directed by Glen Morgan and starring Katie Cassidy , Michelle Trachtenberg , Mary Elizabeth Winstead , Oliver Hudson , Lacey Chabert , Kristen Cloke , and Andrea Martin . The film takes place several days before Christmas , and tells the story of a group of sorority sisters who are stalked and murdered by the house 's former inhabitants during a winter storm . It is a loose remake of the 1974 film of the same name . The film was produced by Morgan and James Wong through their production company Hard Eight Pictures , along with 2929 Productions and Dimension Films , while Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer distributed the film . In December 2006 , upon anticipation of its premiere , the film garnered some criticism from religious groups due to its graphic content in a holiday setting , as well as the distributor 's decision to release the film on Christmas Day in the United States . The film opened in the United Kingdom on December 15 , 2006 , and , despite backlash from some religious organizations , opened in US theaters on Christmas Day .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b9acfff95c6f6929428f61222c82f363", "text": "December 22", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9f2117acb3b7583ad50f2de2ea83a45f", "text": "18... 18 ... is the debut album by Chinese Singer-songwriter G.E.M. released October 2009 on Forward Music Co , Ltd. . The album contains 12 songs and consists the genres of Cantopop , Mandopop , R&B , soul and rock ballad . 18 ... was simultaneously released with the limited edition , 18 Plus , on 27 October 2009 . The 18 USB was initially released for G.E.M. 's 18 Live Concert on 11 November 2009 , however , it was later put on general sale . Due to the popularity of the album , it was republished as the 18 ... ( 3rd Edition ) , it also includes bonus track `` Smoking , Drinking & Swearing '' , Jan Lamb featuring G.E.M. , was added to the disc . Prior to the Taiwanese market , 18 ... ( Taiwanese Edition ) was released on 5 April 2010 , this edition was added three Mandarin tracks ( one is new recorded ' 寫不出的溫柔 ' and other two are previously tracks from her self-titled EP ) . It was also released with a limited edition version , however , this album has a reordered track list .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bfcfab98b5b363f571c3b71e498304c3", "text": "Key demographic The key demographic is a term in television ratings that refers to the most desirable demographic group to a given advertiser . Key demographics vary by network , time of day , and programming type , but they are generally composed of individuals who are younger and more affluent than the general public : `` Young adult viewers have been TV 's target demographic for decades , because they 're thought to have less brand loyalty and more disposable income . '' Most key demographic groups consist of adults who are somewhere in age between 18 and 54 . For example , the key demographic for reality television is women with disposable income aged 18 to 34 whereas for the WB Television Network it is `` eighteen - to thirty-four-year-old , educated , white , affluent viewers '' Television programming is tailored to members of its key demographics : `` Despite the increase in time-shifting to watch recorded television and shows on the Internet , the use of television as an advertising vehicle is still determined by demographic characteristics or who is watching at what time . '' The subset of ratings that only includes the key demographic of 18 - to 49-year-olds is often referred to as the `` key demo '' . Certain radio formats ( especially those dubbed `` classic '' ) and television outlets may target persons 35 to 64 , especially since the late 2000s recession wiped out many career opportunities for millennials , since the 35 -- 64 demographic has much more disposable income .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "37319b4009be45712fe691dd87d43d24", "text": "National Kidney Registry The National Kidney Registry ( NKR ) is the largest paired exchange program in the United States and facilitates over 360 paired exchange transplants annually . The NKR was founded by the Hil family in 2007 after their youngest daughter lost her kidney function at age ten . Both parents were ruled out from donating to their daughter because they were biologically incompatible . Finally , after unsuccessful attempts to find a compatible donor through all of the kidney paired exchange programs in the United States , a compatible donor was found . After their transplant ordeal , the Hil family founded the National Kidney Registry to eliminate the problem of incompatible donors by building a national kidney paired donation program ( KPD ) . Mr. Hil was the first KPD leader to donate one of his kidneys to start a chain . His kidney donation 2015 initiated a swap that facilitated 8 transplants . The success of the NKR has generated significant media coverage including a front page story in the New York Times and nationally televised interviews by Katie Couric with CBS Evening News , Diane Sawyer from ABC News , and Byron Pitts at Nightline .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4281e83125f8343bb4b90129936294da", "text": "Go Ask Alice Go Ask Alice is a 1971 fiction book about a teenage girl who develops a drug habit at age 15 , runs away from home , and eventually dies of a drug overdose . Attributed to `` Anonymous '' , the book is in diary form , and was originally presented as being the edited `` real diary '' of the unnamed teenage protagonist . Questions about the book 's authenticity and true authorship began to arise in the late 1970s , and it is now generally viewed as a work of fiction written by Beatrice Sparks , a therapist and author who went on to write numerous other books purporting to be real diaries of troubled teenagers . Some sources have also named Linda Glovach as a co-author of the book . Intended for a young adult audience , Go Ask Alice became a widely popular bestseller . It was initially praised for conveying a powerful message about the dangers of drug abuse , but more recently has been criticized as poorly written anti-drug propaganda and also as a literary hoax . Nevertheless , its popularity has endured , and as of 2014 it had remained continuously in print since its publication over four decades earlier . Go Ask Alice has also ranked among the most frequently challenged books for several decades due to its use of profanity and explicit references to sex and rape , as well as drugs . The book was adapted into the 1973 television film Go Ask Alice , starring Jamie Smith-Jackson and William Shatner . In 1976 , a stage play of the same name , written by Frank Shiras and based on the book , was also published .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "211c764d410fedaff942669a8f2c48f0", "text": "November 18", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4b7664452237aec9586c72833a1beb9b", "text": "Merry Christmas, Mrs. Moskowitz `` Merry Christmas , Mrs. Moskowitz '' is the tenth episode of Frasier 's sixth season . It first aired on NBC in the United States on December 17 , 1998 . In the episode , Frasier , while shopping for Christmas gifts meets a stylish Jewish woman , Helen Moskowitz , who asks him to take her daughter Faye on a blind date . This leads to a deepening relationship between each other . Helen on Christmas Eve makes a stop by Frasier 's apartment , unaware that he is not Jewish and so he and the family must pretend that they are to survive the visit . The episode was directed by Kelsey Grammer and was written by Jay Kogen . Amy Brenneman and Carole Shelley guest stars in the episode as Faye and Helen respectively . Since airing , the episode has received many positive reviews from television critics and fans .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0fc7a8129c3644211750e69dc0c95da0", "text": "New Year's Eve In the Gregorian calendar , New Year 's Eve ( also known as Old Year 's Day or Saint Sylvester 's Day in many countries ) , the last day of the year , is on December 31 which is the seventh day of the Christmas season . In many countries , New Year 's Eve is celebrated at evening social gatherings , where many people dance , eat , drink alcoholic beverages , and watch or light fireworks to mark the new year . Some Christians attend a watchnight service . The celebrations generally go on past midnight into January 1 ( New Year 's Day ) . Samoa , Tonga and Kiritimati ( Christmas Island ) , part of Kiribati , are the first places to welcome the New Year while American Samoa and Baker Island in the United States of America are among the last .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d36485fa062eb890ce54ded60a694c95", "text": "November 20", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cab97388ec97d63d82d306ade6404916", "text": "Twelve Days of Christmas The Twelve Days of Christmas , also known as Twelvetide , is a festive Christian season celebrating the Nativity of Jesus Christ . In most Western ecclesiastical traditions , `` Christmas Day '' is considered the `` First Day of Christmas '' and the Twelve Days are 25 December -- 5 January , inclusive . For many Christian denominations ; for example , the Anglican Communion and Lutheran Church , the Twelve Days are identical to Christmastide , but for others , e.g. , the Roman Catholic Church , `` Christmastide '' lasts longer than the Twelve Days of Christmas .", "title": "" } ]
fever
67b99c5a2bc0345d2e0bbb74a90d5736
Tim Rice worked on something.
[ { "docid": "3cff85fc8807213d5122375cc5436abe", "text": "Tim Rice Sir Timothy Miles Bindon `` Tim '' Rice ( born 10 November 1944 ) is an English author and Academy Award , Golden Globe Award , Tony Award , and Grammy Award-winning lyricist . He is best known for his collaborations with Andrew Lloyd Webber , with whom he wrote Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat , Jesus Christ Superstar , and Evita ; with Björn Ulvaeus and Benny Andersson of ABBA , with whom he wrote Chess ; for additional songs for the 2011 West End revival of The Wizard of Oz ; and for his work for Walt Disney Studios with Alan Menken ( Aladdin , Beauty and the Beast , King David ) , Elton John ( The Lion King , Aida , The Road to El Dorado ) and Ennio Morricone . One of the most celebrated lyricists in British popular culture , Rice was knighted by Elizabeth II for services to music in 1994 . He has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame , is an inductee into the Songwriter 's Hall of Fame , is a Disney Legend recipient , and is a fellow of the British Academy of Songwriters , Composers and Authors . The 2016 Sunday Times Rich List values Rice at # 150m ; the 15th richest music millionaire in the UK .", "title": "" } ]
[ { "docid": "ac88101f3851ae90d211fa8ff6fddd59", "text": "Rice Stadium (University of Utah) Robert Rice Stadium was an outdoor athletic stadium in Salt Lake City , Utah , located on the campus of the University of Utah . Originally opened in 1927 as `` Ute Stadium , '' it was the home of the Utah Utes football team . Renamed for Robert L. Rice in 1972 , it was almost completely demolished after the 1997 season to make way for the Utes ' current home , Rice -- Eccles Stadium , which occupies the same physical footprint .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ec883076d2831ff5369b7687f5071b61", "text": "List of frequent Tim Burton collaborators Tim Burton ( born August 25 , 1958 ) is an American film director , film producer , writer and artist who often works with certain actors and crew members in multiple feature film directing projects . The actors who collaborated with Burton the most frequently are Johnny Depp , Helena Bonham Carter and Christopher Lee , who all appeared in eight , seven and six films , respectively . Film composer Danny Elfman composed the music for all of Burton 's feature films with the exception of Ed Wood ( 1994 ) , Sweeney Todd : The Demon Barber of Fleet Street ( 2007 ) and Miss Peregrine 's Home for Peculiar Children ( 2016 ) . He also composed the music for The Nightmare Before Christmas ( 1993 ) , a stop-motion animated film Burton co-wrote and produced . Other actors that Burton has worked with include Danny DeVito , Conchata Ferrell , Albert Finney , Carmen Filpi , Michael Gough , Eva Green , Pat Hingle , Jan Hooks , Rance Howard , Jeffrey Jones , O-Lan Jones , Michael Keaton , Martin Landau , Lisa Marie , Catherine O'Hara , Michelle Pfeiffer , Missi Pyle , Paul Reubens , Alan Rickman , Deep Roy , Winona Ryder , Diane Salinger , Glenn Shadix , Martin Short , Timothy Spall , Sylvia Sidney , Christopher Walken , Frank Welker , Terence Stamp and Paul Whitehouse . Catherine O'Hara , Paul Reubens , and Glenn Shadix also starred in The Nightmare Before Christmas . Actor Jason Hervey appeared in the short film Frankenweenie ( 1984 ) , before appearing in Burton 's feature film directing debut Pee-wee 's Big Adventure ( 1985 ) . Actor Vincent Price worked with Burton on three projects , hosting the television film Hansel and Gretel ( 1982 ) , narrating the short film Vincent ( 1982 ) and appearing in the feature film Edward Scissorhands ( 1990 ) . Actresses Ada and Arlene Tai worked with Burton as extras in Ed Wood before going on to be cast in Big Fish ( 2003 ) . In addition to starring in Beetlejuice , Edward Scissorhands and Frankenweenie , Winona Ryder appeared in the Burton-directed music video for The Killers ' `` Here with Me '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa8daa8b5b854550ab0fef80da33c916", "text": "Surajit Kumar De Datta Surajit Kumar De Datta is an Indian American agronomist who is best known for his high yield variety of rice IR-8 that contributed significantly to the Green Revolution across Asia '' . He worked 27 years at the International Rice Research Institute in Philippines helping Southeast Asia get self-sufficiency in rice production . His book on rice production , Principles and Practices of Rice Production , is considered an authoritative opus in the field of rice cultivation . He has also written two books namely , `` Availability of Phosphorus and Utilization of Phosphate Fertilizers in Some Great Soil Groups of Hawaii '' in 1963 and `` Availability of Phosphorus to Sugar Cane in Hawaii as Influenced by Various Phosphorus Fertilizers and Methods of Application '' in 1965 with James C. Moomaw . For his works , he has been awarded the Norman Borlaug Award for Outstanding Contribution to Agricultural Sciences and a citation from the President of Philippines . Prior to his arrival at Virginia Tech in 1991 , Dr. De Datta served as an agronomist and principal scientist at the International Rice Research Institute in the Philippines for 27 years . During that time , Dr. De Datta 's research in rice production contributed to the green revolution that helped Southeast Asia gain agricultural self-sufficiency . Dr. De Datta has received many awards over his long career . He has been named a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science , American Society of Agronomy , Soil Science Society of America , Crop Science Society of America , National Academy of Agricultural Sciences in India , and Indian Society of Soil Science . In addition , he received the Norman Borlaug Award for Outstanding Contribution to Agricultural Sciences and the Green Revolution in India as well as a presidential citation from the president of the Philippines in recognition of his outstanding contributions to agricultural productivity in the region . Dr. De Datta has advised a total of 77 master 's and Ph.D. students in his career . He has published 366 journal articles , technical bulletins , and other reports in the areas of soil science , soil and crop management , and weed science . He has served on numerous boards , societies , and committees .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "231d705be5333c57b4778db08e5989e7", "text": "Tim Sexton Tim Sexton is an American producer , music supervisor , and environmental entrepreneur . Noted for events and initiatives which integrate pop culture and social activism , he produced the No Nukes and Live 8 concerts , and was an architect of `` Feel the Power , '' the precursor to Rock the Vote . He is the principal of the Make Good Group , a company he founded in 2003 to advise corporate clients on sustainability , social responsibility , and brand strategy . Go Green , the environmental program Sexton designed for the Philadelphia Eagles , is considered a model of sustainability . Sexton served as the music supervisor for dozens of films , including Madonna 's Desperately Seeking Susan , and Rush , which featured Eric Clapton 's Grammy Award-winning `` Tears in Heaven . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "103caf3338ea604b76b3c5bc5b184b26", "text": "Hayashi rice Hashed beef rice or Hayashi rice is a dish popular in Japan as a Western-style dish ( yōshoku ) . It usually contains beef , onions , and button mushrooms , in a thick demi-glace sauce which often contains red wine and tomato sauce . This sauce is served atop or alongside steamed rice . The sauce is sometimes topped with a drizzle of fresh cream . The dish originates from the former mining town of Ikuno , Hyogo prefecture , Japan . There was a French engineer who worked for the mine in 1868 and improved it . Hayashi rice has a western influence with the use of demi-glace and often red wine , but is unknown in western countries . In fact , it contains ingredients popular in Japan : slices of beef ( Hyogo prefecture is also famous for its Kobe beef ) , rice and demi-glace sauce ( among others ) . It can be compared to another popular dish , the Japanese style hamburger steak with demi-glace sauce . Another variation is the Omuhayashi , a combination of Omurice and Hayashi rice . It resembles also to a Japanese curry and usually appears on menus alongside curry . There is some debate regarding the origin of the name of this dish : One belief is that the name was given by Yuteki Hayashi ( 早矢仕 有的 ; Hayashi Yūteki ) , the first president of publishing company Maruzen . Another theory is that the name was produced by a cook named Hayashi who often served this dish for staff meals at the Ueno Seiyōken restaurant . Perhaps the most common explanation is that the name ( ハヤシ ; `` hayashi '' ; `` hashed '' ) is simply derived from the English phrase `` hashed beef '' . Hayashi rice is one of Japan 's most popular Western-style dishes . Thanks to the widespread availability of hayashi rice mix ( normally sold as roux blocks ) and prepared demiglace sauce ( normally canned ) at Japanese supermarkets , this dish is common household fare . Like Japanese curry , it is usually eaten with a spoon . Hayashi rice was an important dish in mystery writer Keigo Higashino 's novel Ryūsei no Kizuna .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "989b041562c6c686e179d56100b59d89", "text": "RICE (medicine) RICE is a mnemonic for four elements of treatment for soft tissue injuries -- an acronym for Rest , Ice , Compression and Elevation . The mnemonic was introduced by Gabe Mirkin in Sportsmedicine Book ( ISBN 978-0316574365 ) in year 1978 . However , he has since recanted his support for the regimen . On March 16 , 2014 , he wrote `` Coaches have used my ` RICE ' guideline for decades , but now it appears that both Ice and complete Rest may delay healing , instead of helping . In a recent study , athletes were told to exercise so intensely that they developed severe muscle damage that caused extensive muscle soreness . Although cooling delayed swelling , it did not hasten recovery from this muscle damage . '' RICE is considered a first-aid treatment , rather than a cure for soft tissue injuries . The aim is to manage discomfort and internal bleeding .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ae349a67199f6bbf00b4067dd15fd8c8", "text": "Rice vinegar Rice vinegar is a vinegar made from fermented rice or rice wine in China , Japan , Korea , and Vietnam .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "af14c389c4be195623b1e6cbc9bf9358", "text": "Nasi tim Nasi tim is a Chinese-Indonesian steamed chicken rice . In Indonesian language nasi means ( cooked ) rice and tim means steam . The ingredients are chicken , mushroom and hard boiled egg . These are seasoned in soy sauce and garlic , and then placed at the bottom of a tin bowl . This tin bowl is then filled with rice and steamed until cooked . This dish is usually served with light chicken broth and chopped leeks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2a2c7565cfcb0d7a8e55c9f1cd6533d5", "text": "Tim Taylor (producer) Professor Timothy ` Tim ' Taylor is a British television producer best known for his work as the originator and producer of Channel 4 's popular archaeology series Time Team . He is an Executive Producer for Time Team America . Taylor spent five years teaching , including two years VSO in Thailand , after completing a degree at the University of Birmingham and a PGCE at the University of Exeter . On leaving teaching he set up a company which specialised in producing educational programmes for schools . Today , Taylor is an independent writer and producer of archaeology programmes . He devised the format for Channel 4 's Time Team , which was developed from an earlier Channel 4 series Time Signs , first broadcast in 1991 . Produced by Taylor , it featured Mick Aston and Phil Harding , who both went on to appear on Time Team . He also produced the spin-off series History Hunters , Time Team Digs and Time Team Live . Taylor is a Visiting Industrial Professor for the Public Understanding of Archaeology at the University of Bristol , and has written a series of best selling books including The World Atlas of Archaeology in collaboration with Professor Mick Aston , The Ultimate Time Team Companion : An Alternative History of Britain , Behind the Scenes at Time Team , Digging the Dirt and Time Team : A Guide to the Archaeological Sites of Britain and Ireland . Taylor recently received a Visiting Professorship in ` Archaeology in the Media ' from the University of Exeter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dd39b08555a8f5a8106aad04acb31ed6", "text": "Lois Rice Lois Fitt Rice ( February 28 , 1933 - January 4 , 2017 ) was an American corporate executive , scholar and education policy expert . Known as the `` mother of the Pell Grant '' for her work lobbying for its creation , she was national vice president of the College Board from 1973 until 1981 . According to The Wall Street Journal , she was `` among the first wave of African-American women serving on boards of major U.S. corporations , '' and under president Bill Clinton she was a member of the president 's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board . For years she was an economic studies expert at the Brookings Institution concentrating on education policy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "20efa38533665096e6d9194ca59ec9da", "text": "TreadMarks TreadMarks is a distributed shared memory system created at Rice University in the 1990s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5721b6c4c66e42a311fbc0cad189c243", "text": "Edward E. Rice Edward Everett Rice ( December 21 , 1847 -- November 16 , 1924 ) was an American musical composer and theater producer active during the late 19th and early 20th Centuries , known primarily for being a pioneer of American musical theater and introducing to Broadway a musical by African-American writers and performers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "410255e2d346da4558b73f4ba1da2a09", "text": "Rice production in Vietnam Rice production in Vietnam in the Mekong and Red River deltas is important to the food supply in the country and national economy . Vietnam is one of world 's richest agricultural regions and is the second-largest ( after Thailand ) exporter worldwide and the world 's seventh-largest consumer of rice . The Mekong Delta is the heart of the rice producing region of the country where water , boats , houses and markets coexist to produce a generous harvest of rice . Vietnam 's land area of 33 million ha has three ecosystems that dictate rice culture . These are the southern delta ( with its Mekong Delta dominating rice coverage ) , the northern delta ( the tropical monsoon area with cold winters ) and the highlands of the north ( with upland rice varieties ) . The most prominent irrigated rice system is the Mekong Delta . Rice is a staple of the national diet and is seen as a `` gift from God '' . The Mekong River and its tributaries are crucial to rice production in Vietnam . A total of 12 provinces constitute the Mekong Delta , popularly known as the `` Rice Bowl '' of Vietnam , which contain some 17 million people and 80 % of them are engaged in rice cultivation . The delta produced bountiful harvest of about 20 million tons in 2008 , about a half of the country 's total production . The rice bowl has assured food security to its population whose 75 % of daily calories are met by rice , which is also the staple diet of nearly 50 % of world 's population of 7.4-billion people . Within the delta system dominated by rice , now the farming system also includes activities related to aquaculture , rearing of animals , cash crops and fruit trees . Under aquaculture fresh and saline water shrimp are raised within the paddy rice fields . As a further environmental zoning of the delta , mangrove forests are also developed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e8fe0bf6b7de6af4de58b10d7bcb1dc", "text": "9 (Damien Rice album) 9 is the second studio album by Irish singer , songwriter and producer Damien Rice , released in 2006 . The album was released on 3 November in Ireland , 6 November in the United Kingdom and 14 November in the US . It was followed by the single `` 9 Crimes '' , which was released on 27 November 2006 . The record was certified gold in the UK .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2f087ed980806b99f123257fd29269e1", "text": "Red rice Red rice is a variety of rice that is colored red by its anthocyanin content . It is usually eaten unhulled or partially hulled , and has a red husk , rather than the more common brown . Red rice has a nutty flavor . Compared to polished rice , it has the higher nutritional value of rices eaten with the germ intact .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "06a97f1e552006e84f52408bac6038b5", "text": "Timo Ellis Timothy Kneeland `` Timo '' Ellis is a multi-instrumentalist and record producer from New York City , currently in the band Netherlands . He also runs a commercial music company called 70 % Water Music as well as his personal label Records and Tapes Records . Ellis attended Evergreen State College in Washington . It was while in school there that he first began working with local bands such as Nubbin , Lemonade , Hotess , Freebird , and Dig Yer Grave . He returned to New York in 1994 , where he joined with Sam Koppelman and Sean Lennon to record as IMA . IMA backed Lennon 's mother , Yoko Ono , on her album Rising . In 1997 Ellis and Sean Lennon joined Cibo Matto ( both playing bass , guitar and drums ) . As a quartet ( Yuka Honda , Miho Hatori , Ellis , Lennon ) Cibo Matto released an EP , Super Relax ( 1997 ) and their second album Stereo ★ Type A ( 1999 ) . He continued to tour with Cibo Matto until they disbanded in 2001 . Later in the year Ellis released his first solo EP , The Enchanted Forest of Timo Ellis . Ellis has since self-released 31 additional EPs and LPs which are available on iTunes ( or by contacting Timo himself . ) He currently performs regularly in his band Netherlands . He 's also recently been a regular player in Miho Hatori 's New Optimism and Joan as Police Woman . His music can be previewed from his Bandcamp page and Official Website . He lives in Brooklyn .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "46eef3040e4f9d2daddb8907e0d3cc2b", "text": "Sesame Street research In 1969 , the children 's television show Sesame Street premiered on the National Educational Television network ( later succeeded by PBS ) in the United States . Unlike earlier children 's programming , the show 's producers used research and over 1,000 studies and experiments to create the show and test its impact on its young viewers ' learning . By the end of the program 's first season , the organization founded to oversee Sesame Street production , Children 's Television Workshop ( CTW ) , had developed what came to be called `` the CTW model '' : a system of planning , production , and evaluation that combined the expertise of researchers and early childhood educators with that of the program 's writers , producers , and directors . CTW conducted research in two ways : in-house formative research that informed and improved production , and independent summative evaluations conducted by the Educational Testing Service ( ETS ) during the show 's first two seasons to measure the program 's educational effectiveness . CTW researchers invented tools to measure young viewers ' attention to the program . Based on these findings , the researchers compiled a body of data and the producers changed the show accordingly . The formative research on Sesame Street was the first time children 's television viewing was studied scientifically . Summative research conducted over the years , including two landmark evaluations in 1970 and 1971 , demonstrated that viewing the program had positive effects on young viewers ' learning , school readiness , and social skills . Subsequent studies have replicated these findings , such as the effect of the show in countries outside of the US , several longitudinal studies , the effects of war and natural disasters on young children , and studies about how the show affected viewers ' cognition . As CTW researcher Gerald S. Lesser stated in 1974 , early tests conducted on the show ( both formative and summative ) `` suggested that Sesame Street was making strides towards teaching what it had set out to teach '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1f966e559a05fed8841ec878a701ac54", "text": "Rice, Rice, Hillman & Pedersen Rice , Rice , Hillman & Pedersen is a collaboration album by American guitarist Tony Rice , his brother , mandolinist Larry Rice , guitar and banjo player Herb Pedersen and guitar/bass player Chris Hillman , founding member of famous folk-rock band from late 1960s , The Byrds . It is their follow-up on the first album they made together in 1997 , Out Of The Woodwork .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2916f186114c2fe273fcbcdce73d081a", "text": "James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy The James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy , also known as the Baker Institute , is an American think tank on the campus of Rice University in Houston , Texas . Founded in 1993 , it functions as a nonpartisan center for public policy research . According to the 2015 Global Go To Think Tank Index Report ( Think Tanks and Civil Societies Program , University of Pennsylvania ) , the institute is No. 18 ( of 60 ) in the `` Top Think Tanks in the United States '' and No. 4 ( of 45 ) of the `` Best University Affiliated Thanks '' . Its Center for Energy Studies is ranked No. 2 ( of 55 ) among the world 's energy - and resource-policy think tanks , according to the Think Tanks and Civil Societies Program 's 2015 Index Report . It is named for James A. Baker , III , former United States secretary of state and secretary of the Treasury . The institute 's director Edward P. Djerejian is the former United States ambassador to Israel and Syria and assistant secretary of state for Near Eastern Affairs . The institute 's board of advisors include William Barnett ( Chair ) , Colin Powell , Madeleine Albright and Rice University 's President David Leebron . The institute employs scholars and researchers from a variety of backgrounds . Its current research includes centers for different areas : The Center for the Middle East , The McNair Center for Entrepreneurship and Innovation , The Mexico Center , and The Center for Energy Studies . Other programs include China Studies , Drug Policy , Health Policy Forum , International Economics , Latin America Initiative , Politics and Elections , Religion and Public Policy , Space Policy , Science and Technology , and Tax and Expenditure Policy . The institute is a sponsoring organization for the Iraq Study Group . It is supported mainly by donor contributions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a247738109d67551a8b59540b7b9ba4", "text": "2008 Rice Owls football team The 2008 Rice Owls football team represented Rice University in the 2008 NCAA Division I FBS football season . The Owls played six home games at Rice Stadium in Houston , Texas The Owls finished the season with an overall record of 10 -- 3 and a conference record of 7 -- 1 in David Bailiff 's second season .", "title": "" } ]
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