Split (1)

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9f1314c2e98a0e07773bdb28fa92134d	Maynard James Keenan is not a partner in Cobras & Matadors.	[ { "docid": "f15623e720cd5d738c7481840eae3cd3", "text": "Maynard James Keenan Maynard James Keenan ( born James Herbert Keenan ; April 17 , 1964 ) , often referred to by his initials MJK , is an American musician , record producer , winemaker , and actor , best known as the vocalist for Grammy Award-winning progressive metal band Tool . He is originally from Ohio , but spent his high school and college years in Michigan . After serving in the United States Army in the early 1980s , he attended Kendall College of Art and Design in Grand Rapids . He moved to Los Angeles , California in 1988 to pursue a career in interior design and set construction . Shortly thereafter , he formed the band Tool with Adam Jones . Keenan is also the lead singer of A Perfect Circle . In 2003 , he created Puscifer as a side project and has subsequently released three studio albums . Since rising to fame , Keenan has been noted as being a recluse ; however , he does emerge to support charitable causes . In addition to his music career , he has performed improvisational sketch comedy and ventured into acting . He currently owns Merkin Vineyards and the associated winery , Caduceus Cellars , which are located in Arizona , where he lives . Among other business ventures , he is a partner in the Los Angeles restaurant Cobras & Matadors , and also owns an organic produce market in Cornville , Arizona , which features a food court and a tasting room for his wines .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "cad241d0fa161468b051ee10b153a8e6", "text": "Robert C. Maynard Robert Clyve Maynard ( June 17 , 1937 -- August 17 , 1993 ) was an American journalist , newspaper publisher and editor , former owner of The Oakland Tribune , and co-founder of the Robert C. Maynard Institute for Journalism Education in Oakland , California .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0ac148a308f89dfdb607528976dadbb3", "text": "Colt Cobra The Colt Cobra is a lightweight , aluminum-framed , double-action short-barrelled revolver , not to be confused with the Colt King Cobra . The Cobra was chambered in .38 Special , .32 Colt New Police , and .22 LR . It holds six shots of ammunition and was sold by Colt from 1950 until 1981 . In December 2016 , it was announced that Colt would be producing a new run of the Colt Cobra with a steel frame and a fiber optic front sight . This model was released in early 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a17412b3cb3d27c155837e6914883450", "text": "Nothnegal Nothnegal is a Maldivian heavy metal band from Malé , formed in 2006 . The band is signed to Season of Mist . Nothnegal is endorsed by Jackson and LTD guitars .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5ee8da51d1526c85ae57bb002957e1cf", "text": "Vegas Girl `` Vegas Girl '' is a song by British singer Conor Maynard from his debut studio album , Contrast . It was released as the album 's second single as a digital download on 22 July 2012 . The song was written and produced by The Invisible Men with additional production from Parker & James and was also written by Conor Maynard , Dion Wardle and Scott Thomas . It was also viewed on MTV Push .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c1aa99c21fe72940302c46df7e0e4a0b", "text": "Norbert Keenan Sir Norbert Michael Keenan KC ( 30 January 1864 -- 24 April 1954 ) was an Australian lawyer and politician who was a member of the Legislative Assembly of Western Australia from 1905 to 1911 and again from 1930 to 1950 . He was the leader of the Nationalist Party from 1933 to 1938 , during the time when it was the junior partner in the coalition with the Country Party . Keenan had earlier served as a minister in the government of Newton Moore ( as attorney-general ) and the second government of Sir James Mitchell .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "532b8d92510feeff72678b5f7b0ae887", "text": "Grammy Award for Best Hard Rock/Metal Performance The Grammy Award for Best Hard Rock/Metal Performance was an award presented at the 2012 and 2013 Grammy Awards , a ceremony that was established in 1958 and originally called the Gramophone Awards . According to the 54th Grammy Awards description guide it was designed for solo , duo/groups or collaborative ( vocal or instrumental ) hard rock or metal recordings and was limited to singles or tracks only . The award was first presented in 2012 , after a major restructuring of Grammy categories . It combined the previous categories Best Hard Rock Performance and Best Metal Performance . The restructuring was a result of the Recording Academy 's wish to decrease the list of categories and awards . However , the Recording Academy announced in June 2013 that the category would split in 2014 , returning the Best Metal Performance category and recognizing quality hard rock performances in the Best Rock Performance category . According to the Academy , `` it was determined that metal has a very distinctive sound , and hard rock more closely aligns with rock and can exist comfortably as one end of the rock spectrum . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a2720f91bd91a7b82a62fcc84f6b8da5", "text": "Arthur Maynard Arthur Maynard ( 28 February 1909 -- 16 November 1959 ) was a West Indian cricketer who played for Trinidad . He was born in Trinidad . A right-hand batsman , he played two first-class matches against the touring MCC side of 1934/35 . Between the first and second Tests the MCC played two three-day matches against Trinidad at the Queen 's Park Oval . In the first of these Maynard made his first-class debut , opening the batting in Trinidad 's first innings he scored 200 not out in a team total of 371/6 declared , the second highest score was 37 . In Trinidad 's second innings Maynard batted at number ten and scored 2 not out as the match was drawn . In the second match Maynard scored 4 before he was dismissed by MCC captain Bob Wyatt . After dismissing the MCC for 103 Trinidad required 100 for victory but in 12 remaining overs they managed 86 so the match was drawn , Maynard did n't bat . This was Maynard 's second and last first-class match , he therefore ended his career with a batting average of 206 . Maynard made two appearances , in 1933 and 1935 , for North Trinidad against South Trinidad in the Beaumont Cup , however the competition was n't awarded first-class status until 1959 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4c74f43886317e2513d88e66c90499fb", "text": "Eddie Perez (guitarist) Edward Anthony Perez ( born June 26 , 1968 in Los Angeles , California ) is an American guitarist and singer . He currently tours and records with The Mavericks after a long time of being on tour with Dwight Yoakam . Perez joined the Grammy award-winning , multi-platinum band The Mavericks as a member in 2003 . He has also played with other notable artists such as James Intveld , Connie Smith , Jim Lauderdale , Miranda Lambert , Lee Ann Womack , Gary Allan and Kim Richey . In addition to his work with The Mavericks , he has worked with Mavericks ' lead singer , Raul Malo , on his solo projects , including the Peter Asher-produced record , You 're Only Lonely . He can be seen on the DVDs The Mavericks - Live in Austin , Texas , as well as the DVD Return to Sin City : A Tribute to Gram Parsons . He also appears in CMT 's 100 Greatest Love Songs and CMT 's 100 Greatest Duets . Born in Los Angeles , Perez grew up listening to rock guitarists of the 1970s and 1980s . `` My heroes were Jimmy Page , Jeff Beck , Van Halen and Ace Frehley , '' Perez told the Pittsburgh City Paper in June 2016 . `` Everything a big-eyed boy would find fascinating about rock 'n' roll , that was me . I was 12 years old and my father took me to see ZZ Top and it blew my mind . I was never the same after that . '' Perez began playing in bands at the age of 13 and discovered Honky Tonk music when he first heard `` Guitars and Cadillacs '' by Dwight Yoakam , with whom he would later perform . `` Hearing that really turned me around and it gave me a focus . From then on I started to learn everything I could about that music . But then I also had that rock 'n' roll background , too . '' In 2003 , Perez replaced Nick Kane in the Mavericks , just a short time before the band broke up . A consummate showman , Perez is known for his flair on stage both in his dress and in his stage movements . `` You would n't think that an influence of Jimmy Page or Angus Young of AC/DC would fit into the Mavericks , but somehow it does , '' Perez says of his stage presence . `` When I 'm on stage , I show up to give a performance because that 's what I would want to see . You dig what I 'm saying ? I 'm not so much thinking it as much as I 'm feeling it . I try to get to the most real , honest place that I can within each song . What I 'm doing on stage is a visual to what that sound feels like to me . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3df9dc2a3628058b5fcb5c8ec8dfce7", "text": "The Runaways (album) The Runaways is the debut album by the American all-female rock band The Runaways , released in 1976 . Website AllMusic has praised the record ( especially band members Cherie Currie , Joan Jett and Lita Ford ) , comparing the band 's music to material by Led Zeppelin and The Stooges . According to multiple sources including Cherie Currie ( in her memoir Neon Angel ) , the liner notes of the Raven Records release of The Runaways , and Jackie Fox herself , bassist Nigel Harrison played bass on the first album , due to manager Kim Fowley refusing to let Fox play on the record . The documentary film Edgeplay : A Film About the Runaways states that the album 's first track `` Cherry Bomb '' was written ad hoc during the audition of lead singer Cherie Currie and the title is a play on the pronunciation of Currie 's first name . Currie was told to prepare a Suzi Quatro song for the audition ; she picked `` Fever '' , a song the band did not know how to play . Instead , Joan Jett and Kim Fowley came up with the song and had Currie sing it for her audition . In 2009 , `` Cherry Bomb '' was named the 52nd-best hard rock song of all time by VH1 . A cover of `` Cherry Bomb '' is featured in the music video game Rock Band as a downloadable single track . The song also featured in the movies Dazed and Confused , RV , Cherrybomb , The Runaways , and Guardians of the Galaxy , and is played in the opening scene of Margaret Cho 's stand-up comedy DVD `` I 'm the One That I Want '' . `` You Drive Me Wild '' is featured in the 2010 film about the band . Actress Dakota Fanning covers `` Cherry Bomb '' as well as `` Dead End Justice '' with Kristen Stewart , as they portray Cherie Currie and Joan Jett respectively .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8b3907e0f439d47ffba9e9459590723d", "text": "Unsigned artist An unsigned artist , unsigned band or independent artist is a musician or musical group not under a contract with a record label . The terms are used in the music industry as a marketing technique . Bands that release their own material on self-published CDs can also be considered unsigned bands . Often unsigned bands primarily exist to perform at concerts . In more recent years , the Internet has helped promote the music of unsigned bands . Artists often post their music as MP3s on websites such as Bandcamp , SoundCloud , Myspace , PureVolume , GarageBand.com and SoundClick . In 2016 , the Unsigned Music Awards was established in the UK as the first ever televised international awards ceremony to champion artists without the backing of a record label . UK unsigned bands and musicians are able to use such services as The Unsigned Guide and to gather music industry contact names , phone numbers , websites and social media links , as well as information on how to get signed or market music independently . Song pitching websites , such as TAXI allow unsigned musicians to see which record labels ( and other music companies ) are currently seeking new music . Further , companies like Sentric Music and the royalty payment service offered by Last.fm can help in generating income streams for unsigned bands .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d8908a66ff1a23327efc5297518b56a", "text": "Lock Up (American band) Lock Up was a rock band that featured Tom Morello on guitar before Rage Against the Machine was formed . The band was founded by the original guitar player Mike Livingston ( formerly of The Mau-Mau 's ) and Kevin Wood on bass . They had previously played together in the band Ella and the Blacks , which also included Brian Grillo and Brendan Mullen ( founder of The Masque , the first L.A. punk rock club ) . Grillo became Lock Up 's lead singer . Grillo had worked several years before with Martin Atkins in Atkin 's Brian Brain project , and then was known in Los Angeles for fronting Brian Grillo 's Wild Coyote Review . The original drummer was Michael Lee , ( later drummer with Sylvia Juncosa and with The Homebillies ) , who quit and was replaced briefly by D. H. Peligro , formerly of the Dead Kennedys and later in Red Hot Chili Peppers . After Peligro left , he was replaced by Vince Ostertag . In early 1987 , Lock Up signed a production deal with Third Story Music , which was the company associated with Herb Cohen , by Evan Cohen , who later ran Manifesto Records . Cohen brought the band to the attention of Anna Statman , who was an A & R person at Slash Records . In 1988 , Statman moved to a new job at Geffen Records , and Lock Up was her first signing at Geffen , in mid-1988 . Livingston had left Lock Up in late 1987 . In early 1988 , Livingston was replaced by Morello . Chris Beebe on bass completed the lineup that released Lock Up 's sole album on Geffen Records , Something Bitchin ' This Way Comes , which came out in 1989 . The title of the album was based on Ray Bradbury 's 1962 novel Something Wicked This Way Comes . Vince Ostertag was subsequently replaced by Jon Knox who played drums until the group disbanded . Following the Lock Up break up , Jon encouraged bassist Tim Commerford and Zack de la Rocha to jam with Tom Morello and drummer Brad Wilk who unsuccessfully auditioned for Lock Up . This line-up went on to form Rage Against the Machine . Most of Morello 's guitar with Lock Up is unlike his work with Rage Against the Machine and Audioslave . His solos , in contrast to Livingston 's rootsy blues oriented style mainly consist of arpeggios , tapping and overall fast fretwork . Evidence of his experimenting with the toggle switch can be heard in a few tracks ( `` Ca n't Stop the Bleeding '' , `` Nothing New '' , `` Punch Drunk '' ) . The songs `` Punch Drunk '' and `` Half Man Half Beast '' were featured in the 1991 comedy film Ski School . In 1997 , Manifesto Records licensed the Lock Up album from Geffen , and released it on compact disc . After the release , Manifesto , Morello , and Morello 's label , Sony , got into a legal dispute over whether Manifesto could place a sticker on the compact disc that read `` Featuring Tom Morello from Rage Against the Machine . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "98cfeaa750706129015eadef63fd840c", "text": "CAB (band) CAB is a jazz fusion supergroup founded by Bunny Brunel , Dennis Chambers , and Tony MacAlpine . Since their formation in 2000 , they have released four studio albums and two live albums . Their second album , CAB 2 , received a nomination for Best Contemporary Jazz Album at the 2002 Grammy Awards . Other members who have been a part of CAB include Patrice Rushen , Virgil Donati , David Hirschfelder , and Brian Auger . When asked about the band 's name , Brunel said :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d241e4940bab652079b01a16dce2863b", "text": "Jakko Jakszyk Michael `` Jakko '' Jakszyk ( born Michael Lee Curran ; 8 June 1958 ) is an English musician , record producer , and actor . As of 2013 , he is the current lead singer and second guitarist in King Crimson : an accomplished singer-songwriter and multi-instrumentalist , he also pursues a solo career . His work has been variously credited as `` Jakko '' , `` Jakko Jakszyk '' , and `` Jakko M. Jakszyk '' . As a solo artist , Jakszyk has released six studio albums . Prior to joining King Crimson in 2013 , he had fronted multiple bands and projects over the course of three-and-a-half decades ( including 64 Spoons , Dizrhythmia , 21st Century Schizoid Band , Jakszyk Fripp Collins and Rapid Eye Movement ) and had also been a member of Level 42 , The Lodge and The Tangent . He has collaborated with a wide variety of musicians ( including Tom Robinson , Peter Blegvad , Danny Thompson , Gavin Harrison , Warren Harry , Pandit Dinesh , and Dave Stewart ) as well as following an extensive and well-respected career as a session musician and soundtrack producer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "09e4231ef6f0f667b9c02a0c582b00e6", "text": "Don Maynard Donald Rogers Maynard ( born January 25 , 1935 ) is a former American football player who played professionally in the National Football League ( NFL ) with the New York Giants and St. Louis Cardinals ; the American Football League ( AFL ) with the New York Jets ; and the World Football League ( WFL ) with the Shreveport Steamer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ac2a80592cbbb6a66dfb5165bd4a8734", "text": "King Kobra III King Kobra III , released in 1988 on New Renaissance Records , was the first and last album by the Edwards , Michael-Phillips , Northrup , Hart and Appice line-up of King Kobra . After the demise of the original line-up , remaining members Carmine Appice and David Michael-Phillips teamed up with Johnny Edwards , Jeff Northrup and Larry Hart , all 3 members of the Sacramento , CA band Northrup at the time . The album featured a strong selection of 1980s style mainstream metal . However , a lack of album sales resulted in the dissolution of the band . Bassist Johnny Rod , who appeared on the first two albums as bassist , does not play here . However , he does contribute backing vocals . The model posing on the album cover is Carmine 's then wife , Sarah Appice , who also makes a cameo appearance in the `` Take It Off '' promotional video .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9c1291e8056c4859233b345063517843", "text": "Weathermaker Music Weathermaker Music is the record label owned by the American rock band Clutch and their manager Jack Flanagan . Weathermaker Music LLC was formed in June 2008 . Weathermaker Music was mostly known to work with Clutch and their side project , the psychedelic jazz-rock alter ego The Bakerton Group . In 2012 Weathermaker signed and released product by The Company Band , and The Mob . Both groups include Weathermaker Music principal owners . On March 19th , 2013 Weathermaker Music released the Clutch record '' Earth Rocker '' on CD and vinyl . At the end of 2013 Weathermaker Music released `` Earth Rocker Live '' which is a double 12 inch vinyl picture disc version of the `` Earth Rocker '' studio release on one LP , and the same track listing recorded live from various cities on their 2013 USA tour on the second LP . In 2013 Weathermaker Music signed Deep Swell , featuring Clutch member Tim Sult on guitar . Their record , `` Lore of the Angler '' was released October 15th , 2013 . Weathermaker Music signed the Maryland-based group Lionize in 2013 as well . Entitled `` Jetpack Soundtrack '' , this Lionize record was released on February 18th , 2014 in North America , April 11th , 2014 in Europe , and February 14th , 2014 in the UK . The Lionize signing marks the label 's first signing of an independent artist to Weathermaker Music . In the summer of 2014 Weathermaker Music completed the Earth Rocker release cycle with a very special Double Vinyl 12 '' Picture Disc for collectors and released `` Earth Rocker Deluxe '' , a 2xCD / DVD set . CD1 of the deluxe version features the original studio recordings with two previously unreleased songs , CD2 is a live version of all ER songs recorded at various stops on the Earth Rocker World Tour during the summer of 2013 and the DVD is a recording of Clutch 's Denver , CO show from ( 11/14/13 ) . As a bonus , the DVD contains three promotional videos , two of which were directed by Aisha Tyler . Clutch released their 11th studio record `` Psychic Warfare '' on October 2nd , 2015 via Weathermaker Music . The first video from the album was `` X-Ray Visions '' , Directed by Dan Winters . The album reached # 11 on the Top 100 Billboard chart and # 1 on both the Hard Rock and Rock Billboard charts . The second video from `` Psychic Warfare '' was `` A Quick Death in Texas '' , directed and shot by My Good Eye ( David Brodsky / Allison Woest ) . Clutch also participated in '' 10 Bands 1 Cause '' breast cancer awareness program with a limited edition pink vinyl offering released September 18th , 2015 distributed via RED . This vinyl will be reissued by Weathermaker Music on black vinyl on October 7th , 2016 . On Saturday April 16th 2016 Weathermaker Music will be releasing a Clutch special limited edition 12 '' vinyl release for Record Store Day . The album will contain two previously unreleased tracks from the Psychic Warfare sessions : `` Mad Sidewinder '' and `` Outland Special Clearance '' . These two tracks , specifically mastered for this vinyl configuration by Paul Logus , will be on side A . The reverse side will have a large scale etching taken from the Psychic Warfare CD booklet design created by Dan Winters . The jacket is hand numbered thick clear plastic showing the full art design , thus making this piece for Record Store Day 2016 a unique collectors ' item for all Clutch fans . On September 20th , 2016 Weathermaker Music re-issued their first ever official release '' WM001 , Full Fathom Five , Audio Field Recordings '' on a 2x disc vinyl Gatefold offering . Weathermaker Music has signed distribution agreements with Sony/RED in North America , as well as international distribution agreements with Rough Trade Distribution in Europe , including the UK , and Rocket Distribution in Australia . Weathermaker Music Label Manager is Stefan Koster .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "20c0a8923d566bd58741969fe594801e", "text": "While the City Sleeps, We Rule the Streets While the City Sleeps , We Rule the Streets is the debut studio album by Cobra Starship . It was released on October 10 , 2006 in the US , and on October 17 , 2006 in Canada . A rough clip of `` Send My Love to the Dancefloor , I 'll See You In Hell ( Hey Mister DJ ) '' , a finished version of `` Snakes on a Plane ( Bring It ) '' , and `` The Church of Hot Addiction '' were uploaded onto Cobra Starship 's PureVolume site . `` The Church of Hot Addiction '' was also used as the theme song for the WWE 's Great American Bash 2007 . It has sold more than 69,000 copies to date .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "25b5927a860ff35966965997f60bfbb9", "text": "Turrentine Jones Turrentine Jones are an English indie rock band formed in 2012 in Manchester , UK . The band consists of Julian Neville ( guitar/vocals ) , Joe Chilstone-Vause ( bass ) and Rich Watts ( drums/backing vocals ) . They have released one studio album : Our Days ( 2014 ) and one live album Live in York ( 2015 ) as well as two singles . The band cites Booker T. & the MG 's , The Mar-Keys and the Rolling Stones as influences . The band has been labelled a `` Future Classic '' and described as `` infectious blues-rock '' by national radio station , Real Radio XS and proclaimed by Hattie Pearson of XFM to be `` one of Manchester 's finest exports in recent times . '' All the music and lyrics for Turrentine Jones ' songs are written by the band 's frontman Julian Neville .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cf04406c73fd7e0809ffbc11a1d99c97", "text": "It's Not Killing Me It 's Not Killing Me is the debut solo album by American blues guitarist Mike Bloomfield and was released in 1969 . Following his success with Paul Butterfield Blues Band , The Electric Flag and in the Super Session recordings with Al Kooper , Bloomfield teamed up with former colleagues to record this largely self-written album . It was not well-received , AllMusic criticising its `` lack of a powerful vocalist '' , and the under-use of Bloomfield 's guitar , going so far as to say `` It makes about as much sense as Led Zeppelin having Jimmy Page sing lead while Robert Plant played tambourine ! ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eb70d0287a7b9637cc6086868ef9f1a9", "text": "Earl Maynard Earl Maynard is a bodybuilder and professional wrestler as well as a film actor , producer and director from Barbados .", "title": "" } ]	fever
9b0743fe335b83a7dd363cea9a1a91c1	Opera sometimes includes an action.	[ { "docid": "5718170762af0e5c3aa70ada501db69b", "text": "Opera Opera ( -LSB- ˈɔːpera -RSB- ; English plural : operas ; Italian plural : opere -LSB- ˈɔːpere -RSB- ) is an art form in which singers and musicians perform a dramatic work combining text ( libretto ) and musical score , usually in a theatrical setting . In traditional opera , singers do two types of singing : recitative , a speech-inflected style and arias , a more melodic style , in which notes are sung in a sustained fashion . Opera incorporates many of the elements of spoken theatre , such as acting , scenery , and costumes and sometimes includes dance . The performance is typically given in an opera house , accompanied by an orchestra or smaller musical ensemble , which since the early 19th century has been led by a conductor . Opera is a key part of the Western classical music tradition . It started in Italy at the end of the 16th century ( with Jacopo Peri 's mostly lost Dafne , produced in Florence in 1598 ) and soon spread through the rest of Europe : Heinrich Schütz in Germany , Jean-Baptiste Lully in France , and Henry Purcell in England all helped to establish their national traditions in the 17th century . In the 18th century , Italian opera continued to dominate most of Europe ( except France ) , attracting foreign composers such as George Frideric Handel . Opera seria was the most prestigious form of Italian opera , until Christoph Willibald Gluck reacted against its artificiality with his `` reform '' operas in the 1760s . In the 2000s , the most renowned figure of late 18th-century opera is Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart , who began with opera seria but is most famous for his Italian comic operas , especially The Marriage of Figaro ( Le nozze di Figaro ) , Don Giovanni , and Così fan tutte , as well as The Magic Flute ( Die Zauberflöte ) , a landmark in the German tradition . The first third of the 19th century saw the high point of the bel canto style , with Gioachino Rossini , Gaetano Donizetti and Vincenzo Bellini all creating works that are still performed . It also saw the advent of Grand Opera typified by the works of Auber and Meyerbeer . The mid-to-late 19th century was a `` golden age '' of opera , led and dominated by Richard Wagner in Germany and Giuseppe Verdi in Italy . The popularity of opera continued through the verismo era in Italy and contemporary French opera through to Giacomo Puccini and Richard Strauss in the early 20th century . During the 19th century , parallel operatic traditions emerged in central and eastern Europe , particularly in Russia and Bohemia . The 20th century saw many experiments with modern styles , such as atonality and serialism ( Arnold Schoenberg and Alban Berg ) , Neoclassicism ( Igor Stravinsky ) , and Minimalism ( Philip Glass and John Adams ) . With the rise of recording technology , singers such as Enrico Caruso and Maria Callas became known to much wider audiences that went beyond the circle of opera fans . Since the invention of radio and television , operas were also performed on ( and written for ) these mediums . Beginning in 2006 , a number of major opera houses began to present live high-definition video transmissions of their performances in cinemas all over the world . In 2009 , an opera company offered an online download of a complete performance .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "c51a6e02fd82a4e9c7ea75ab6ea905a3", "text": "On Site Opera On Site Opera ( OSO ) is a professional opera company based in New York City that specializes in site-specific productions . The company was founded in 2012 by General and Artistic Director Eric Einhorn and Executive Director/Producer Jessica Kiger . On Site Opera , a registered 501 ( c ) ( 3 ) nonprofit organization , is member of Opera America and the New York Opera Alliance . In addition to site-specific production , On Site Opera is committed to introduce young audiences to opera . On Site Opera has produced works such as Shostakovich 's The Tale of the Silly Baby Mouse , Op. 56 , at the Bronx Zoo in 2012 in order to expand how children encounter , understand , and engage with opera . On Site Opera utilizes environmentally-friendly production technology in order to reduce its environmental impact . Through their partnership with CS Lighting , they use energy efficient , wireless LED SFK fixtures . 90 % of all marketing materials are digital and recycled paper and ink are used for the other 10 % . In 2014 , On Site Opera was the first opera company to explore how Google Glass can be used as a means to transmit subtitles . Figaro Systems created the software in which the translation of Rameau 's Pigmalion was sent to Google Glass , allowing the opera-goer to experience opera and translation in their field of vision at the same time . On Site Opera provides opportunities for emerging talent through an open audition call .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "32cf3932f1c874107559b3995d9284b3", "text": "The Ghosts of Versailles The Ghosts of Versailles is an opera in two acts , with music by John Corigliano to an English libretto by William M. Hoffman . The Metropolitan Opera had commissioned the work from Corigliano in 1980 in celebration of its 100th anniversary , with the premiere scheduled for 1983 . Corigliano and Hoffman took as the starting point for the opera the play La Mère coupable ( The Guilty Mother ) by Pierre Beaumarchais . They took seven years to complete the opera , past the initial deadline . The opera received its premiere on December 19 , 1991 , at the Metropolitan Opera , with the production directed by Colin Graham . The premiere run of seven performances was sold out . The original cast included Teresa Stratas , Håkan Hagegård , Renée Fleming , Graham Clark , Gino Quilico , and Marilyn Horne . The Metropolitan Opera revived the opera in the 1994/1995 season . Corigliano considers this work a `` grand opera buffa '' because it incorporates both elements of the Grand Opera style ( large chorus numbers , special effects ) and the silliness of the opera buffa style . Commentators have noted how the opera satirises and parodies accepted operatic conventions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b7e9b16234680b33ed4b4c704228eb9d", "text": "Rehearsal A rehearsal is an activity in the performing arts that occurs as preparation for a performance in music , theatre , dance and related arts , such as opera , musical theatre and film production . It is undertaken as a form of practising , to ensure that all details of the subsequent performance are adequately prepared and coordinated . The term `` rehearsal '' typically refers to ensemble activities undertaken by a group of people . For example , when a musician is preparing a piano concerto alone in their music studio , this is called `` practicing '' , but when they begin to practice the concerto with an orchestra , this activity is called a `` rehearsal '' . The music rehearsal takes place in a music rehearsal space . A rehearsal may involve as few as two people , as with a small play for two actors , an art song performance by a singer and a pianist or a folk music duo of a singer and a guitar player . On the other end of the spectrum , a rehearsal can be held for a very large orchestra with over 100 performers and a choir . A rehearsal can involve only performers of one type , as in an a cappella choir show , in which a group of singers perform without instrumental accompaniment or a play involving only theatre actors ; it can involve performers of different instruments , as with an orchestra , rock band or jazz `` big band '' ; vocal and instrumental performers , as with opera and choral works accompanied by orchestra ; or a mix of actors , vocalists , instrumentalists and dancers , as with musical theatre . Rehearsals of small groups of performers , such as small rock bands , jazz quartets or organ trios may be held without a leader ; in these cases , the performers themselves jointly determine how to run the rehearsal , which songs to practice , and so on . Some small groups may have their rehearsals led by a bandleader . Almost all mid - to large group performances have a person who leads the rehearsals ; this person may be a bandleader in a rock , country or jazz setting ; a conductor in classical music ( including in opera ) ; a director in theatre or musical theatre ; or a film director for movie rehearsals . While the term is most commonly used in the performing arts to refer to preparation for a public presentation or show , the term is also used to refer to the preparation for other anticipated activities , such as wedding guests and couples practicing a wedding ceremony , paramedics practicing responding to a simulated emergency , or army troops practicing for an attack using a mock-up of the building they will be assaulting .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "de20bd41be54917c59528205047e113b", "text": "Iolanthe Iolanthe ; or , The Peer and the Peri ( -LSB- aɪ.oʊˈlænθiː -RSB- ) is a comic opera with music by Arthur Sullivan and libretto by W. S. Gilbert . It is one of the Savoy operas and is the seventh of fourteen operatic collaborations by Gilbert and Sullivan . In the opera , the fairy Iolanthe has been banished from fairyland because she married a mortal ; this is forbidden by fairy law . Her son , Strephon , is an Arcadian shepherd who wants to marry Phyllis , a Ward of Chancery . All the members of the House of Peers also want to marry Phyllis . When Phyllis sees Strephon hugging a young woman ( not knowing that it is his mother -- immortal fairies all appear young ) , she assumes the worst and sets off a climactic confrontation between the peers and the fairies . The opera satirises many aspects of British government , law and society . The confrontation between the fairies and the peers is a version of one of Gilbert 's favourite themes : a tranquil civilisation of women is disrupted by a male-dominated world through the discovery of mortal love . Iolanthe opened in London on 25 November 1882 , at the Savoy Theatre to a warm reception , and ran for 398 performances , the fourth consecutive hit by Gilbert and Sullivan . It was the first work to premiere at the Savoy ( although Patience had transferred to the theatre in 1881 ) and was the first new theatre production in the world to be illuminated entirely with electric lights , permitting some special effects that had not been possible in the era of gas lighting . The opera opened simultaneously in New York , and touring companies were sent around the UK and US to play the piece . The first Australasian touring production followed in 1885 , and the opera was revived in London beginning in 1901 . The D'Oyly Carte Opera Company toured the opera nearly continuously in repertory from 1891 until 1982 , and made several recordings of the opera over that period . Numerous other professional and amateur productions have been given of this enduring work , and various other recordings have been issued .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "803223f0ffe6e766e59a53698cd9fc5a", "text": "From the House of the Dead From the House of the Dead ( Z mrtvého domu in Czech ) is an opera by Leoš Janáček , in three acts . The libretto was translated and adapted by the composer from the 1862 novel by Dostoyevsky . It was the composer 's last opera , premiered on 12 April 1930 in Brno , two years after his death . Janáček worked on this opera from February 1927 to 8 June 1928 , knowing that it would be his last , and for it he broke away from the habit he had developed of creating characters modeled on his love interest Kamila Stösslová , although the themes of loneliness and isolation can clearly be seen as a response to her indifference to his feelings . There is only one female character , and the setting , a Siberian prison , presents a large ensemble cast instead of one or several prominent leads . There is no narrative to the work as a whole , but individual characters narrate episodes in their lives , and there is a `` play-within-a-play '' in Act 2 . From the House of the Dead was virtually finished when Janáček died . Two of his students , believing the orchestration was incomplete , `` filled out '' large portions of the score and adapted the ending to be more optimistic in tone . In addition to the work of Břetislav Bakala and Osvald Chlubna , Ota Zitek made changes to the text and sequence of events in the opera . Decades later , a version closer to the composer 's intentions superseded that version , and it is the one most often heard today . Some productions , however , still use the earlier version 's ending to lessen the bleakness of the story . The opera requires a vast orchestra , including chains as a percussion instrument to evoke the sound of the prisoners . The words of prisoners ' songs from the Dostoyevsky are used in full or in part by Janáček . An arrangement in the form of a suite of the opera by conductor František Jílek has been performed by Brno State Philharmonic Orchestra .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8a30273e7a7c82e72033bf242d8407ff", "text": "Royal Swedish Opera Royal Swedish Opera ( Kungliga Operan ) is Sweden 's national stage for opera and ballet .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d3e169dad3455e7e26a033b723d6baf6", "text": "List of historical opera characters This is a list of historical figures who have been characters in opera or operetta . Historical accuracy in such works has often been subject to the imperatives of dramatic presentation . Consequently , in many cases : historical characters appear alongside fictional characters historical characters who never met , or whose lives did not even overlap , appear on stage together historical events depicted are transported to earlier or later times or to different places historical people are seen participating in entirely fictional events , or vice versa the actions of historical people are attributed to other persons For the purposes of this list , Biblical characters are generally taken to be fictional , unless there is clear evidence of their historicity . Operas appear in bold when the historical figure is also the title role . Where a character appears in more than opera , the entries are sorted by composer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b987bcc7aef79b9f91f0d2869d9b872a", "text": "Amica (opera) Amica is an opera in two acts by Pietro Mascagni , originally composed to a libretto by Paul Bérel ( the pseudonym of Paul de Choudens ) . The only opera by Mascagni with a French libretto , it was an immediate success with both the audience and the critics on its opening night at the Théâtre du Casino in Monte-Carlo on 16 March 1905 . Mascagni himself conducted the performance . The opera had its Italian premiere ( with an Italian libretto by Mascagni 's close collaborator , Giovanni Targioni-Tozzetti ) on 13 May 1905 at the Teatro Costanzi in Rome . However , like many of Mascagni 's operas apart from Cavalleria rusticana , the work then fell into obscurity . One of its few revivals in modern times was on 4 August 2007 at the Festival della Valle d'Itria , using the original French libretto . ( It has been released on CD and DVD . See below . ) . In October 2008 , Opera di Roma used the Italian libretto for a new production of Amica in collaboration with Opéra de Monte-Carlo and the Teatro Carlo Goldoni in Livorno . Set in the mountains of Savoy around 1900 , Amica is a classic verismo drama . It recounts a domestic tragedy involving two brothers ( Giorgio and Renaldo ) and the woman they both love ( Amica ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d58ae340f2c1163da318563132bbb64", "text": "Bastien und Bastienne Bastien und Bastienne ( Bastien and Bastienne ) , K. 50 ( revised in 1964 to K. 46b ) is a one-act singspiel , a comic opera , by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart . Bastien und Bastienne was one of Mozart 's earliest operas , written in 1768 when he was only twelve years old . It was allegedly commissioned by Viennese physician and ` magnetist ' Dr. Franz Mesmer ( who himself would later be parodied in Così fan tutte ) as a satire of the ` pastoral ' genre then prevalent , and specifically as a parody of the opera Le devin du village by Jean-Jacques Rousseau . The German libretto is by Friedrich Wilhelm Weiskern , and Johann Andreas Schachtner , based on Les Amours de Bastien et Bastienne by Justine Favart and Harny de Guerville . After its supposed premiere in Mesmer 's garden theater ( that is only corroborated by an unverified account of Nissen ) , it was not revived again until 1890 . It is not clear whether this piece was performed in Mozart 's lifetime . The first known performance was on 2 October 1890 at Architektenhaus in Berlin . The opera is written in both French and German manners . Many of the melodies are French in manner , but Bastienne 's first aria is true German lied . This melody is also used in Mozart 's Trio in G for Piano , Violin and Violoncello , K. 564 ( 1788 ) . Another purely German lied is Bastienne 's aria `` I feel certain of his heart '' . Mozart utilizes the orchestra sparingly , with the exception of the reconciliation scene . Mozart 's overture uses the same opening theme as Beethoven 's Symphony No. 3 , the Eroica . It is doubtful that Beethoven was familiar with this then unpublished piece . A likely explanation is that both composers took the theme from another unknown source . Although he was very young , Mozart already had excellent vocal writing skills and a knack for parody and whimsy which would reach full flower in his later works . Bastien und Bastienne is possibly the easiest to perform of Mozart 's juvenile works .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "27f8c7f31506255be28a608b806f7fd9", "text": "Orfeo ed Euridice discography The following discography for Gluck 's opera Orfeo ed Euridice is mainly based on the research of Giuseppe Rossi , which appeared in the programme notes to the performance of the work at the 70th Maggio Musicale Fiorentino in 2007 , under the title `` Discografia -- Christoph Willibald Gluck -- Orfeo ed Euridice ( Orphée et Eurydice ) '' . Rossi 's data has been checked against the sources referenced in the notes . The discography gives the language of the recording as well as the version performed , although the recordings often mix different editions of the work or are even based on new ones created `` from scratch . '' In the most significant cases , such mixed versions are described in detail . The term `` pasticcio '' ( which has no negative connotation in this context ) has been used for recordings where the different versions are inextricably mixed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1a11a1828654b0c005bf1720e6ef2451", "text": "Concertato Concertato is a term in early Baroque music referring to either a genre or a style of music in which groups of instruments or voices share a melody , usually in alternation , and almost always over a basso continuo . The term derives from Italian concerto which means `` playing together '' -- hence concertato means `` in the style of a concerto . '' In contemporary usage , the term is almost always used as an adjective , for example `` three pieces from the set are in concertato style . '' A somewhat oversimplified , but useful distinction between concertato and concerto can be made : the concertato style involves contrast between opposing groups of voices and groups of instruments : the concerto style , especially as it developed into the concerto grosso later in the Baroque , involves contrast between large and small groups of similar composition ( later called `` ripieno '' and `` concertino '' ) . The style developed in Venice in the late 16th century , mainly through the work of Andrea and Giovanni Gabrieli , who were working in the unique acoustical space of St. Mark 's Cathedral . Different choirs or instrumental groupings occupied positions across the cathedral from each other : because of the sound delay from one side to the other in the large and acoustically `` live '' space , a perfect unison was difficult , and composers found that a fantastically effective music could be composed with the choirs singing across to each other , in stereo as it were ; all accompanied by organ or other groups of instruments placed in such a way that they could hear each group equally well . Music written there was quickly performed elsewhere , and compositions in the new `` concertato '' style quickly became popular elsewhere in Europe ( first in northern Italy , then in Germany and the rest of Italy , and then gradually in other parts of the continent ) . Another term sometimes used for this antiphonal use of the choirs in St. Mark 's was cori spezzati . See also Venetian polychoral style and Venetian School . In the early 17th century , almost all music with voices and basso continuo was called a concerto , though this use of the term is considerably different from the more modern meaning ( a solo instrument or instruments accompanied by an orchestra ) . Often , sacred music in the concertato style in the early 17th century was descended from the motet : the texts that a hundred years earlier would have been set for a cappella voices singing in smooth polyphony , would now be set for voices and instruments in a concertato style . These pieces , no longer always called motets , were given a variety of names including concerto , Psalm ( if a psalm setting ) , sinfonia , or symphoniae ( for example in Heinrich Schütz 's collections of Symphoniae Sacrae ) . The concertato style made possible the composition of extremely dramatic music , one of the characteristic innovations of the early Baroque .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bcbdb029907f4c44966ba9ea6af72c19", "text": "Ariadne auf Naxos ( Ariadne on Naxos ) , Op. 60 , is an opera by Richard Strauss with a German libretto by Hugo von Hofmannsthal . Combining slapstick comedy and consummately beautiful music , the opera 's theme is the competition between high and low art for the public 's attention . Charlotte Erwin has studied in detail Strauss ' pre-sketch planning for the opera . Bryan Gilliam has examined the theme of Verwandlung ( transformation ) in the opera .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee6c586cccf627107c2187c1d346c11a", "text": "Il Medonte Il Medonte is an Italian opera in three acts by Josef Mysliveček set to a libretto by Giovanni de Gamerra . Like all of the composer 's operas , it belongs to the serious genre in Italian referred to as opera seria .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5b660e4c93c292f06e97e38e0083f30d", "text": "Intermezzo (disambiguation) An intermezzo is a musical composition which fits between other musical or dramatic entities , such as acts of a play or opera , or movements of a larger musical work . Intermezzo may also refer to :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "73aaf4a235c54549f8391d641497839e", "text": "Io (opera) Io is an unfinished opera by Jean-Philippe Rameau in the form of a one-act acte de ballet . The date of its composition is unknown and it was probably unperformed during Rameau 's lifetime . Its unfinished state meant that it was once believed to be Rameau 's last opera , but Io contains a duet which appears in revised form in Les fêtes de Polymnie ( 1745 ) . This has led the musicologist Graham Sadler to conclude that Io must predate 1745 and that the librettist was Louis de Cahusac , who also wrote the words for Les fêtes , because French librettists did not borrow from other writers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dee973fb6f53eebc055e72609412a1c7", "text": "Concert piece A concert piece ( German : Konzertstück , also Concertstuck ; French : pièce de concert , also morceau de concert ) is a musical composition , in most cases in one movement , intended for performance in a concert . Usually it is written for one or more virtuoso instrumental soloists and orchestral or piano accompaniment . In some cases concert pieces start with a separate opening movement , or are otherwise in more than one movement or section . A piece that presents itself as a miniature concerto is rather called concertino than concert piece , although in German several such concertinos are known as Konzertstücke . For instance Siegfried Wagner 's Flute Concertino was published as . Incomplete concerto movements by Beethoven and Schubert were retroactively designated as concert pieces . Schumann 's 1841 Fantasia for piano and orchestra , in form similar to Weber 's Konzertstück , was later rewritten and expanded with two further movements into his Piano Concerto Op. 54 . When the soloist is a vocalist , the piece rather belongs to the concert aria genre . Some concert pieces are written for instrumental soloists exclusively , while also concert pieces for orchestra without soloist exist . In this sense as well Chopin 's Allegro de concert for solo piano as Tchaikovsky 's Romeo and Juliet for orchestra can be called concert pieces . A concert overture is an overture which is conceived as a stand-alone concert piece .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f787f434102cb0670697ac57ed1345d3", "text": "Cologne Opera The Cologne Opera ( German : Oper der Stadt Köln or Oper Köln ) refers both to the main opera house in Cologne , Germany and to its resident opera company .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "17cd972300ecc47f07d84840af78f88f", "text": "The Outpost (opera) The Outpost is an opera or operetta by the composer Hamilton Clarke with a libretto by A. O 'D . Bartholeyns . The story is an adaptation of the Singspiel Der vierjährige Posten by Theodor Körner with music by Franz Schubert . The piece was one of Clarke 's last compositions following several operettas that he had composed for the German Reeds . It premiered at the Savoy Theatre from 2 July 1900 to 3 November 1900 as a companion piece to the Gilbert and Sullivan opera The Pirates of Penzance , for the second London revival of Pirates , and also played from 10 November 1900 to 7 December 1900 as a companion piece to Patience , a total of 131 performances . After this , the work was performed on tour from late 1901 through 1902 as a companion piece to Pirates , Patience and Iolanthe . Both the score and the libretto appear to be lost , but there survives a copy of a fantasia for flute and piano , based on airs from the piece , and so the vocal score may have been published . The fashion in the late Victorian era and Edwardian era was to present long evenings in the theatre , and so producer Richard D'Oyly Carte preceded his Savoy operas with curtain raisers , like The Outpost . W. J. MacQueen-Pope commented , concerning such curtain raisers : This was a one-act play , seen only by the early comers . It would play to empty boxes , half-empty upper circle , to a gradually filling stalls and dress circle , but to an attentive , grateful and appreciative pit and gallery . Often these plays were little gems . They deserved much better treatment than they got , but those who saw them delighted in them . ... -LSB- They -RSB- served to give young actors and actresses a chance to win their spurs ... the stalls and the boxes lost much by missing the curtain-raiser , but to them dinner was more important .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c6421f0def87916e07febb58cde20bc", "text": "Scenes from Goethe's Faust Scenes from Goethe 's Faust ( Szenen aus Goethes Faust ) has been described as the height of composer Robert Schumann 's accomplishments in the realm of dramatic music . The work was written between 1844 and 1853 and is scored for SATB chorus , boys ' chorus , orchestra , and a number of solo parts which , even with doubling , require seven solo singers , although eight ( three sopranos , two mezzos , one tenor , one baritone , and one bass ) is the usual number for a performance . Schumann never saw all three parts of the work performed in the same concert , or published together . Eric Sams comments ` There is no coherence in the orchestration , which audibly dates from two different periods ( hand-horns in Part III , valve-horns elsewhere ) ' , leading him to conclude that Schumann did not conceive the work as a whole , although late nineteenth-century ideas of performance mean that in the modern era the piece is predominantly heard with all three parts . Schumann 's work on what he labeled an oratorio began in 1842 . This was just over a decade after the death of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe , who completed Part Two of the dramatic poem Faust in his final year . Many contemporary readers of Faust found Goethe 's epic poem daunting and difficult to grasp . Goethe himself declared only Mozart fit to write the music for it ( though Mozart died in 1791 , almost 20 years prior to the completion of Part One of Faust ) . Schumann explained the weight of the task before him in an 1845 letter to Felix Mendelssohn : '' -LSB- A -RSB- ny composer would not only be judged by his treatment of one of the seminal and most-widely acclaimed works in German literature , but would also be setting himself up to be compared to Mozart . '' Yet despite Schumann 's expressed reservations about the work , it has been labeled his `` magnum opus . '' Schumann is '' -LSB- d -RSB- eeply sensitive to the all-inclusiveness of Goethe 's drama -LSB- . -RSB- '' From the work 's dark and tense overture , to its elegant and tranquil conclusion , Schumann opens wide `` a manifold musical world '' that coherently draws together elements of `` lied , horror opera , grand opera , oratorio , and church music . '' Schumann 's music suggests the struggle between good and evil at the heart of Goethe 's work , as well as Faust 's tumultuous search for enlightenment and peace . After the overture , the music depicts Faust 's wooing of Gretchen . For Gretchen 's story , Schumann employs operatic music , beginning with a love duet , proceeding to Gretchen 's passionate and desperate aria , and concluding with a church scene . The second part of the work opens with stark contrast : on the one hand , the lively , fresh music of Ariel and the spirits calls Faust to savor the beauties of nature ; on the other hand , in the scene following , Schumann 's restless orchestration brings to the fore Faust 's delusions upon hearing of a new world being created and its rapturous promise of an everlasting present . The final scenes , drawing the work to its placid yet unsettled conclusion , hold some of Schumann 's best choral writing . Scenes from Goethe 's Faust has often been overlooked within Schumann 's impressive oeuvre , but has enjoyed a resurgence since the 1970s . The piece has been deemed among Schumann 's most moving works , and a pinnacle of his quintessential Romantic concern with the extra-musical ( and especially literary ) potential of musical expression .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cb89e7c63675d123fbeb8730c49b98ac", "text": "Aria di sorbetto The Aria di sorbetto , or `` sherbet aria '' , was a convention of Italian opera in the early nineteenth century .", "title": "" } ]	fever
418e6d792436ee686a572abd1ab35504	Francois de Belleforest translated the works of Cicero into a language.	[ { "docid": "37d95df6d449b046ff5eab5883b21827", "text": "François de Belleforest François de Belleforest ( 1530 -- 1 January 1583 ) was a prolific French author , poet and translator of the Renaissance . He was born in Comminges , into a poor family , and his father ( a soldier ) was killed when he was seven . He spent some time in the court of Marguerite of Navarre , traveled to Toulouse and Bordeaux ( where he met George Buchanan ) , and then to Paris where he came into contact with members of the young literary generation , including Pierre de Ronsard , Jean Antoine de Baïf , Jean Dorat , Remy Belleau , Antoine Du Verdier and Odet de Turnèbe . In 1568 he became historiographer to the king . He died in Paris . Belleforest wrote on cosmography , morals , literature and history , and he translated the works of Matteo Bandello , Boccaccio , Antonio de Guevara , Lodovico Guicciardini , Polydore Vergil , Saint Cyprian , Sebastian Münster , Achilles Tatius , Cicero and Demosthenes into French . He is also the author of the first French pastoral novel , La Pyrénée ( or La Pastorale amoureuse ) ( 1571 ) modeled on the Diana of Jorge de Montemayor . His Grandes Annales are a polemic tract against François Hotman . His total output comprises more than 50 volumes . His most successful work was most likely his translation and adaptation of the `` histoires tragiques '' by the Italian Matteo Bandello , which built on the work of Pierre Boaistuau and eventually amounted to seven volumes ( 1564-1582 ) . One of these tales might be the source for Shakespeare 's Hamlet .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ec279221a3b361463fccc4545fa9727d", "text": "French language French ( le français -LSB- lə fʁɑ̃sɛ -RSB- or la langue française -LSB- la lɑ̃ɡ fʁɑ̃sɛz -RSB- ) is a Romance language of the Indo-European family . It descended from the Vulgar Latin of the Roman Empire , as did all Romance languages . French has evolved from Gallo-Romance , the spoken Latin in Gaul , and more specifically in Northern Gaul . Its closest relatives are the other langues d'oïl -- languages historically spoken in northern France and in southern Belgium , which French ( Francien ) has largely supplanted . French was also influenced by native Celtic languages of Northern Roman Gaul like Gallia Belgica and by the ( Germanic ) Frankish language of the post-Roman Frankish invaders . Today , owing to France 's past overseas expansion , there are numerous French-based creole languages , most notably Haitian Creole . A French-speaking person or nation may be referred to as `` Francophone '' in both English and French . French is an official language in 29 countries , most of which are members of la francophonie , the community of French-speaking countries . It is spoken as a first language ( in descending order of the highest number ) in France , the Canadian provinces of Quebec and New Brunswick , the region of Wallonia in Belgium , western Switzerland , Monaco , certain other regions of Canada and the United States , and by various communities elsewhere . In 2015 , approximately 40 % of the francophone population ( including L2 and partial speakers ) lived in Europe , 35 % in sub-Saharan Africa , 15 % in North Africa and the Middle East , 8 % in the Americas , and 1 % in Asia and Oceania . French is the fourth-most widely spoken mother tongue in the European Union . Of Europeans who speak other languages natively , approximately one-fifth are able to speak French as a second language . As a result of French and Belgian colonialism from the 17th and 18th century onward , French was introduced to new territories in the Americas , Africa and Asia . Most second-language speakers reside in Francophone Africa , in particular Gabon , Algeria , Mauritius , Senegal and Ivory Coast . In 2015 , French was estimated to have 77 to 110 million native speakers , and 190 million secondary speakers . Approximately 274 million people are able to speak the language . According to a demographic projection led by the Université Laval and the Réseau Démographie de l'Agence universitaire de la francophonie , total French speakers will number approximately 500 million people in 2025 and 650 million people by 2050 . The Organisation internationale de la Francophonie estimates 700 million by 2050 , 80 % of whom will be in Africa . French has a long history as an international language of literature , and scientific some standards and is a second language of many international organisations including the United Nations , the European Union , NATO , the WTO , the International Olympic Committee , and the ICRC . In 2011 , Bloomberg Businessweek ranked French the third most useful language for business , after English and Standard Mandarin Chinese .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "03f3c91aeb340663a8a0ebfe2b765dab", "text": "Chivalric romance As a literary genre of high culture , romance or chivalric romance is a type of prose and verse narrative that was popular in the aristocratic circles of High Medieval and Early Modern Europe . They were fantastic stories about marvel-filled adventures , often of a knight-errant portrayed as having heroic qualities , who goes on a quest , yet it is `` the emphasis on love and courtly manners distinguishes it from the chanson de geste and other kinds of epic , in which masculine military heroism predominates . '' Popular literature also drew on themes of romance , but with ironic , satiric or burlesque intent . Romances reworked legends , fairy tales , and history to suit the readers ' and hearers ' tastes , but by c. 1600 they were out of fashion , and Miguel de Cervantes famously burlesqued them in his novel Don Quixote . Still , the modern image of `` medieval '' is more influenced by the romance than by any other medieval genre , and the word medieval evokes knights , distressed damsels , dragons , and other romantic tropes . Originally , romance literature was written in Old French , Anglo-Norman , Occitan , and Provençal , and later in Portuguese , in Castilian , in English , in Italian ( particularly with the Sicilian poetry ) and German . During the early 13th century , romances were increasingly written as prose . In later romances , particularly those of French origin , there is a marked tendency to emphasize themes of courtly love , such as faithfulness in adversity .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f30a2c09d9212d5a67c0d3e316c55eb7", "text": "Melchior de Gualbes Melchior de Gualbes ( also spelled Melcior ) was a Catalan knight , politician , and author of three short poems . His poetry is preserved in the Cançoner Vega-Aguiló , in a section badly damaged by humidity . Only the use of ultraviolet radiation has made possible full readings of all his pieces . The Gualbes family of bankers played an active role in the local government of Barcelona during the interregnum between 1410 and 1412 . They supported Ferdinand of Antequera and were richly rewarded on his accession . Bernat de Gualbes sat on the council which decided the Compromise of Caspe and Melchior was the messenger who , in a rapid journey of seven hours , brought the news of the Compromise to the Parliament convened at Tortosa . In 1413 Ferdinand rewarded Melchior for his service with the castellany of Castellví de Rosanes and the procuratorship of Martorell . That same year Alfonso the Magnanimous , Aragonese infante , appointed Melchior commissioner of the regions Girona and Roussillon . Melchior was of the same generation as the poets Jordi de Sant Jordi , Andreu Febrer , and Gilabert de Próixita . In his poetry , love was de-sensualised and idealised . The phrase cor gentil ( `` gentle heart '' ) , a favourite of the stilnovisti , appears in his poem Molt m ` es plasens , belha , com senyorega . This phrase was ignored by the Occitan troubadours and in this way Melchior appears more influenced by the Italians . Other phrases borrowed from Petrarch and Dante Alighieri have been found in Melchior 's poetry . His metre and diction are nonetheless influenced by the troubadour lyric . His other poems are Acompanyat d'un amoros desir and Pus me suy mes en l'amorosa questa .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "804de1ebd64545fbbc2eacefdd45d73d", "text": "Catholicon (trilingual dictionary) Catholicon ( from Greek Καθολικόν , meaning `` universal '' ) is a 15th-century Breton-French-Latin dictionary . It is the first Breton dictionary and also the first French dictionary . It contains six thousand entries and was compiled in 1464 by the Breton priest Jehan Lagadeuc . It was printed in 1499 in Tréguier . A manuscript of the dictionary is preserved in the national library in Paris identified as Latin 7656 . This Catholicon is referred to by some historians as the Catholicon Armoricum , in reference to Armorica which is a name for Brittany in Latin . It is a different dictionary than the Catholicon Anglicum which is an English-Latin dictionary compiled at very nearly the same time in England . The Catholicon Armoricum is also to be distinguished from the Catholicon of John of Genoa a dictionary dated late 13th century written in Italy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "53db0c973d35f3ca03f575e654759799", "text": "Law French Law French is an archaic language originally based on Old Norman and Anglo-Norman , but increasingly influenced by Parisian French and , later , English . It was used in the law courts of England , beginning with the Norman Conquest by William the Conqueror . Its use continued for several centuries in the courts of England and Ireland . Although Law French as a narrative legal language is obsolete , many individual Law French terms continue to be used by lawyers and judges in common law jurisdictions ( see the section `` Survivals in modern legal terminology '' , below ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9182a90196fd281ac524076f30aea078", "text": "Livius Andronicus Not to be confused with Livy , the Augustan-era historian whose Latin name is Livius . Lucius Livius Andronicus ( c. 284 -- c. 205 BC ) was a Greco-Roman dramatist and epic poet of the Old Latin period . He began as an educator in the service of a noble family at Rome by translating Greek works into Latin , including Homer 's Odyssey . They were meant at first as educational devices in the school he founded . He wrote works for the stage -- both tragedies and comedies -- which are regarded as the first dramatic works written in the Latin language of ancient Rome . His comedies were based on Greek New Comedy and featured characters in Greek costume . Thus , the Romans referred to this new genre by the term comoedia palliata ( fabula palliata ) . The Roman biographer Suetonius later coined the term `` half-Greek '' of Livius and Ennius ( referring to their genre , not their ethnic backgrounds ) . The genre was imitated by the next dramatists to follow in Andronicus ' footsteps and on that account he is regarded as the father of Roman drama and of Latin literature in general ; that is , he was the first man of letters to write in Latin . Varro , Cicero , and Horace , all men of letters during the subsequent Classical Latin period , considered Livius Andronicus to have been the originator of Latin literature . He is the earliest Roman poet whose name is known .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2e3be893ce156dd40d2dbce75a3d296f", "text": "Conseil du Roi The Conseil du Roi ( -LSB- kɔ̃sɛj dy ʁwa -RSB- ; French for `` The King 's Council '' ) , also known as the is a general term for the administrative and governmental apparatus around the king of France during the Ancien Régime designed to prepare his decisions and give him advice . It should not be confused with the role and title of a `` Conseil du Roi '' , a type of public prosecutor in the French legal system at the same period . One of the established principles of the French monarchy was that the king could not act without the advice of his council . Under Charles V , it was put forward that the king made decisions only after `` good and careful deliberation '' ( bonne et mûre délibération ) , and this principle was maintained by his successors ; the closing formula of royal acts `` le roi en son conseil '' expressed this deliberative aspect . Even during the period of French absolutism , the expression `` car tel est notre bon plaisir '' ( `` because such is our pleasure '' ) applied to royal decisions made with consultation . The administration of the French state in the early modern period went through a long evolution , as a truly administrative apparatus -- relying on old nobility , newer chancellor nobility ( `` noblesse de robe '' ) and administrative professionals -- substituted the feudal clientel system . The exact divisions and names of these councils varied over time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a4f8b7952f4e3fe960bcbc03d4715c09", "text": "Robert of Chester Robert of Chester ( Latin : Robertus Castrensis ) was an English Arabist of the 12th century . He translated several historically important books from Arabic to Latin , by authors such as Abu Musa Jabir Ibn Hayyan and Al-Khwarizmi including : Liber de compositione alchimiae , translated in 1144 , the first book in Europe on alchemy Liber algebrae et almucabola , Al-Khwārizmī 's book about algebra , translated in 1145 In the 1140s Robert worked in Spain , where the division of the country between Muslim and Christian rulers resulted in opportunities for interchange between the different cultures . However , by the end of the decade he had returned to England . Some sources identify him with Robert of Ketton ( Robertus Ketenensis ) who was also active as an Arabic-Latin translator in the 1140s . However , Ketton and Chester , while both places in England , are a long way apart . Also , when in Spain , Robert of Ketton was based in the Kingdom of Navarre , whereas Robert of Chester is known to have worked in Segovia . While translating Al-Khwārizmī 's book about algebra , Robert of Chester made an interesting error that lives on today . Arabic script , like Hebrew script , consists of consonants with vowels punctuated underneath and often omitted . The sine originated in India , and was adopted by the Arabs who spelled the consonants as `` jb '' . When Robert translated the word , not understanding the Hindu origin , he supplied Arabic vowels yielding the word for bay or inlet . In Latin , a bay or inlet is sinus . And thus , the origin of the trigonometric function named sine .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6fd1d0003ae08747965dd73cb36d451b", "text": "Gerundive Gerundive ( -LSB- dʒəˈrʌndɪv -RSB- ) is a term in Latin grammar for a verb form that functions as an adjective . Traditionally , the term has been applied to verbal adjectives and nouns in other languages . In Classical Latin , the gerundive is distinct in form and function from the gerund and the present active participle . In Late Latin , the differences were largely lost , resulting in a form derived from the gerund or gerundive but functioning more like a participle . The adjectival gerundive form survives in the formation of progressive aspect forms in Italian , Spanish and Brazilian Portuguese . In French the adjectival gerundive and particle forms merged completely , and the term gérondif is used for adverbial use of - ant forms . There is no true equivalent to the gerundive in English ; the closest translation is a passive to-infinitive non-finite clause such as books to be read . That reflects the most common use of the Latin gerundive , to combine a transitive verb ( such as read ) and its object ( such as books ) , usually with a sense of obligation . Another translation is the recent development of the must - prefix as in a must-read book .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d4f2a0e24752a1894e6f6fb7a930f21", "text": "Castilians Castilians ( Spanish : castellanos ) are certain inhabitants in regions of central Spain including at least the eastern part of Castile and León , the northern and eastern parts of Castile-La Mancha , and the Madrid community , who are the source of the Spanish language ( Castilian ) among other aspects of cultural identity . However , not all people in the regions of the medieval Kingdom of Castile think of themselves as Castilian . For this reason , the exact limits of what Castile is today are disputed . As an ethnicity , they are most commonly associated with the sparsely populated inner plateau of the Iberian peninsula , which is split in two by the Sistema Central mountain range and Northern or `` Old Castile '' from southern or `` New Castile '' , the latter being somewhat closer in terms of culture and dialect to southern regions of Spain such as Andalusia , Extremadura and Murcia . Through the Reconquista and other conquests in the Middle Ages , the Kingdom of Castile ( later Crown of Castile ) spread over a large part of the Iberian Peninsula , especially towards the southern Spanish regions . After this , since the 15th century , through the Spanish colonization of the Americas , the Castilians also spread over the New World , bringing with them not only their language , but also elements of their culture and traditions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8395be7360095a855cbff0fb0e916495", "text": "Romanian language Romanian ( obsolete spellings Rumanian , Roumanian ; autonym : limba română , or лимба ромынэ in Moldovan Cyrillic , -LSB- ˈlimba roˈmɨnə -RSB- , `` the Romanian language '' , or românește , lit . `` in Romanian '' ) is a Romance language spoken by around 24 million people as a native language , primarily in Romania and Moldova , and by another 4 million people as a second language . It has official status in Romania and the Republic of Moldova . It is one of the official languages of the European Union and the Latin Union . Romanian is a part of the Balkan-Romance group that evolved from several dialects of Vulgar Latin separated from the Western Romance during the 5th -- 8th centuries . To distinguish it within that group in comparative linguistics it is called Daco-Romanian as opposed to its closest relatives , Aromanian , Megleno-Romanian , and Istro-Romanian . During Soviet times -- and to some extent even today -- Romanian was called Moldovan in the Republic of Moldova , although the Constitutional Court ruled in 2013 that `` the official language of the republic is Romanian '' . Romanian speakers are scattered across many other countries , notably Australia , Italy , Spain , Ukraine , Bulgaria , the United States , Canada , Brazil , Mexico , Argentina , Greece , Turkey , Russia , Portugal , the United Kingdom , Cyprus , France and Germany .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eca888c872d280bd3e82daac612eb852", "text": "Jean-François de Bastide Jean-François de Bastide ( 15 July 1724 , Marseille -- 4 July 1798 , Milan aged 73 ) was an 18th-century French writer and playwright . The son of a magistrate from Provence , Bastide was a polygraph : he wrote novels ( Histoire d'une religieuse par elle-même , `` Bibliothèque universelle des romans '' , May 1786 , 24 p. in-16 ) , theatre plays , critics , and was also a journalist and a compilator . As a journalist , he published Le Nouveau spectateur ( 1758 -- 60 ) , Le Monde tel qu'il est ( 1760 -- 61 ) , Journal de Bruxelles ou le Penseur ( 1766 -- 67 ) , etc. . He also directed the `` Bibliothèque universelle des romans '' from 1779 to 1789 . As a playwright , he composed : 1749 : Le Désenchantement inespéré 1762 : L'Épreuve de la probité 1763 : Les Caractères de la musique 1763 : Les Deux talents , opéra comique presented at Comédie Italienne 11 August ( music by chevalier d'Herbain ) 1764 : Le Jeune homme , comedy presented in Bordeaux 1766 : Les Amants opposés , comedy presented in The Hague 11 March La Majorité , comedy presented the same day in the same theatre 1766 : Le Soldat par amour , opéra comique presented in Brussel , at Théâtre de la Monnaie , 4 November ( music by Pierre Van Maldere and Ignaz Vitzthumb ) Gésoncourt et Clémentine , tragedy presented the same day in the same theatre . La Petite-Maison , published in Contes de M. de Bastide , Paris , L. Cellot , 1763 , II , 1 , p. 47-88", "title": "" }, { "docid": "88271dfa1c95830085edf1499ee75689", "text": "Cartularies of Valpuesta The Cartularies of Valpuesta are two medieval Spanish cartularies which belonged to a monastery in the locality of Valpuesta in what is now the province of Burgos , Castile and León , Spain . The cartularies are called the Gótico and the Galicano from the type of script used in each . They are housed in the National Archives of Spain . The Cartularies of Valpuesta are a series of 12th-century Visigothic documents which , in turn , are copies of earlier documents , some of which date back to the 9th century . These cartularies contain an abundance of words of a developing Romance dialect and a copious list of place names in the Valley of Gaubea and the surrounding area . Probably no other codex of that period offers so many tokens of an incipient Romance language with similarities with modern Spanish . The scribes did not write in pure , erudite Latin , but rather in a more evolved , Romance-like Latin , to be better understood by the common people . The transcription took place during the formative period of the Kingdom of Castile , and it might reflect the early evolution of the Castilian dialect , although a written standard had yet to be established . Although the authenticity of some of the texts is disputed , the cartularies are regarded as significant in the history of the Spanish language , and their status as manuscripts containing the earliest words written in Spanish has been promoted by the Spanish Royal Academy and other institutions , even though the documents are meant to be written in Latin . They are written in a very late form of Latin mixed with other elements of a Hispanic Romance dialect that corresponds in some traits with modern Spanish . The preamble of the Statue of Autonomy of Castile and León mentions the cartularies , along with the Nodicia de Kesos , as documents that contain the earliest traces of Spanish ( las huellas más primitivas del castellano ) . However , there have been other documents with a claim to being the earliest in Spanish , notably , the Glosas Emilianenses ( marginalia of circa 1000 ce from La Rioja ) . In November of 2010 , the Spanish Royal Academy endorsed the cartularies -- written in `` a Latin language assaulted by a living language '' ( `` una lengua latina asaltada por una lengua viva '' ) -- as the record of the earliest words written in Castilian , predating those of the Glosas Emilianenses .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5dcd2d0249de02443db7d565b0f15d8f", "text": "History of the Latin alphabet The Latin alphabet is the most widely used alphabetic writing system in the world . It is the standard script of the English language and is often referred to simply as `` the alphabet '' in English . It is a true alphabet which originated in the 7th century BC in Italy and has changed continually over the last 2500 years . It has roots in the Semitic alphabet and its offshoot alphabets , the Phoenician , Greek , and Etruscan . The phonetic values of some letters changed , some letters were lost and gained , and several writing styles ( `` hands '' ) developed . Two such styles , the minuscule and majuscule hands , were combined into one script with alternate forms for the lower and upper case letters . Due to classicism , modern uppercase letters differ only slightly from their classical counterparts . There are few regional variants .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c024d3a438a2e5fc0de97d7a4433d5ca", "text": "Christine de Pizan Christine de Pizan ( also seen as de Pisan ; -LSB- kʁistin də pizɑ̃ -RSB- ; 1364 -- c. 1430 ) was an Italian French late medieval author . She served as a court writer for several dukes ( Louis of Orleans , Philip the Bold of Burgundy , and John the Fearless of Burgundy ) and the French royal court during the reign of Charles VI . She wrote both poetry and prose works such as biographies and books containing practical advice for women . She completed forty-one works during her 30-year career from 1399 to 1429 . She married in 1380 at the age of 15 , and was widowed 10 years later . Much of the impetus for her writing came from her need to earn a living to support her mother , a niece and her two surviving children . She spent most of her childhood and all of her adult life in Paris and then the abbey at Poissy , and wrote entirely in her adopted language , Middle French . Her early courtly poetry is marked by her knowledge of aristocratic custom and fashion of the day , particularly involving women and the practice of chivalry . Her early and later allegorical and didactic treatises reflect both autobiographical information about her life and views and also her own individualized and humanist approach to the scholastic learned tradition of mythology , legend , and history she inherited from clerical scholars and to the genres and courtly or scholastic subjects of contemporary French and Italian poets she admired . Supported and encouraged by important royal French and English patrons , she influenced 15th-century English poetry . Her success stems from a wide range of innovative writing and rhetorical techniques that critically challenged renowned writers such as Jean de Meun , author of the Romance of the Rose , which she criticized as immoral . In recent decades , Christine de Pizan 's work has been returned to prominence by the efforts of scholars such as Charity Cannon Willard , Earl Jeffrey Richards and Simone de Beauvoir . Certain scholars have argued that she should be seen as an early feminist who efficiently used language to convey that women could play an important role within society . This characterization has been challenged by other critics , who say that it is either an anachronistic use of the word or a misinterpretation of her writing and intentions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8edc1db47ba072a18a847be4b9b73bed", "text": "Elyesa Bazna Elyesa Bazna ( -LSB- ˈeljesɑ ˈbɑznɑ -RSB- ) , infrequently referred to as Iliaz and Ilyaz Bazna ( -LSB- iliaz bazna -RSB- ) , ( 28 July 1904 -- 21 December 1970 ) , was a secret agent for Nazi Germany during World War II , operating under the code name Cicero . Born in Pristina , Bazna attended a military academy , and joined a French military unit at age 16 . He was caught stealing cars and weapons , for which he served three years in a penal labor camp in France . Bazna held a number of manual jobs in Turkish and French cities before obtaining work for foreign diplomats and consulates as a doorman , driver , and guard . He spoke several languages fluently , including French , which was the predominant diplomatic language at the time . In 1943 , Bazna was hired as a valet by Hughe Knatchbull-Hugessen , the British ambassador in Ankara , Turkey . He photographed British documents in Knatchbull-Hugession 's possession , and sold them to the Germans through their attaché Ludwig Carl Moyzisch in what became known as the Cicero affair . As Cicero , Bazna passed on important information about many of the Allied leaders ' conferences , including the Moscow , Tehran and Cairo Conferences . The details for the Tehran Conference were important for Operation Long Jump , the unsuccessful plot to kill Franklin D. Roosevelt , Joseph Stalin , and Winston Churchill . He had also conveyed a document that carried the highest security restriction ( BIGOT list ) about Operation Overlord ( the code name for the Invasion of Normandy in June 1944 ) . It included intelligence that the British ambassador was to request the use of Turkish air bases `` to maintain a threat to the Germans from the eastern Mediterranean until Overlord is launched . '' The information about the Normandy Invasion was not known by the Germans until after the war . Had it been provided in time , Operation Overlord ( the preparations for D-Day ) could have been compromised . He also provided intelligence that might have made the Germans believe that there was no danger of attack in the Balkans . The information that he leaked is believed to have been among the potentially more damaging disclosures made by an agent during the Second World War . The German Foreign Office questioned the intelligence provided by Cicero due to the large quantity of transmitted documents , which meant that little , if any , of it was acted upon . Once the British became aware that there was a spy operating within the Turkish Embassy , they investigated Bazna , installed a new alarm system , and initiated an unsuccessful sting to catch him selling intelligence . He stopped selling information to the Germans by the end of February 1944 and left the embassy within a month or so . After the war , Bazna was questioned for war crimes , but he was never charged with espionage . He attempted to buy and operate a hotel in Ankara with the proceeds of his spying career , but it was discovered that much of the money was counterfeit . He served a brief prison sentence for circulating forged notes . Bazna lived in Ankara with his family for many years and obtained work doing odd jobs . He moved to Munich in 1960 and worked as a night watchman before dying in 1970 of kidney disease . Bazna published a memoir of the Cicero affair in 1962 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "693d64b3c3b805bb5177338539ab3852", "text": "Lucian Lucian of Samosata ( -LSB- ˈluːʃən , _ ˈluːsiən -RSB- Λουκιανὸς ὁ Σαμοσατεύς , Lucianus Samosatensis about 125 CE -- after 180 CE ) was a satirist and rhetorician who wrote in the Greek language during the Second Sophistic . Although he claimed to be a native Assyrian , his actual nationality is hotly disputed ; Lucian wrote exclusively in Ancient Greek . Most of his works are written in the Attic dialect , but On the Syrian Goddess , which is attributed to him , is written in a faux-Ionic dialect . Noted for his witty and scoffing nature , Lucian frequently poked fun at superstition , religious practices , and belief in the paranormal . He admired the philosophers Democritus and Epicurus , both of whom advocated naturalistic worldviews . His works were wildly popular in antiquity and more than eighty works attributed to him have survived to the present day , a considerably higher quantity than for most other classical writers . His reception among modern scholars has been overwhelmingly positive . His most famous work is A True Story , a tongue-in-cheek satire against authors who tell incredible tales , which is widely regarded as the earliest known work of science fiction . His framing story The Lover of Lies makes fun of people who believe in the supernatural and contains the oldest known version of the `` The Sorcerer 's Apprentice '' , while his letter The Passing of Peregrinus contains one of the earliest known references to Jesus Christ by a pagan author . Lucian 's Dialogues of the Gods makes fun of ancient Greek religion and portrays the traditional Olympian deities as unworthy to be worshipped . His Dialogues of the Dead focusses on the Cynic philosophers Diogenes and Menippus . His story Timon the Misanthrope was the inspiration for William Shakespeare 's tragedy Timon of Athens .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b479cb30a5ba9e82d63cb0a46da91990", "text": "Comte de Gabalis Comte de Gabalis is a 17th-century French text by Abbé Nicolas-Pierre-Henri de Montfaucon de Villars ( 1635-1673 ) . The titular `` Comte de Gabalis '' ( `` Count of Cabala '' ) is an occultist who explains the mysteries of the world to the author . It first appeared in Paris in 1670 , anonymously , though the identity of the author came to be known . The original title as published by Claude Barbin was Le comte de Gabalis , ou entretiens sur les sciences secrètes , `` The Count of Cabala , Or Dialogs on the Secret Sciences '' . The book was widely read in France and abroad , and is a source for many of the `` marvelous beings '' that populate later European literature . French readers include Charles Baudelaire and Anatole France -- it was the main source for his At the Sign of the Reine Pédauque ( 1892 ) . In English literature , it influenced Alexander Pope , who borrowed from it to create the sylphs in The Rape of the Lock ( 1714 ) , and in German , it is a likely source for Friedrich de la Motte Fouqué 's Undine . In recent times it has been considered by some to have been intended as a satire of occult philosophy , though in its time it was taken seriously by many readers . Many later authors have also taken it to be a serious source , including Edward Bulwer-Lytton and prominent occult writers such as Eliphas Levi , Helena Blavatsky , and M.P Hall .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9c115d1e20639a90106753faf8877d97", "text": "Latin poetry The history of Latin poetry can be understood as the adaptation of Greek models . The verse comedies of Plautus are considered the earliest surviving examples of Latin literature and are estimated to have been composed around 205-184 BC . The start of Latin literature is conventionally dated to the first performance of a play in verse by a Greek slave , Livius Andronicus , at Rome in 240 BC . Livius translated Greek New Comedy for Roman audiences , using meters that were basically those of Greek drama , modified to the needs of Latin . His successors Plautus and Terence further refined the borrowings from the Greek stage and the prosody of their verse is substantially the same as for classical Latin verse . The traditional meter of Greek epic , the dactylic hexameter , was introduced into Latin literature by Ennius ( 239-169 BC ) , virtually a contemporary of Livius , who substituted it for the jerky Saturnian meter in which Livius had been composing epic verses . Ennius moulded a poetic diction and style suited to the imported hexameter , providing a model for ` classical ' poets such as Virgil and Ovid . The late republic saw the emergence of Neoteric Poets , notably Catullusrich young men from the Italian provinces , conscious of metropolitan sophistication , and looking to the scholarly Alexandrian poet Callimachus for inspiration . Catullus shared the Alexandrian 's preference for short poems and wrote within a variety of meters borrowed from Greece , including Aeolian forms such as hendecasyllabic verse , the Sapphic stanza and Greater Asclepiad , as well as iambic verses such as the choliamb and the iambic tetrameter catalectic ( a dialogue meter borrowed from Old Comedy ) . Horace , whose career crossed the divide between republic and empire , followed Catullus ' lead in employing Greek lyrical forms , identifying with Alcaeus of Mytilene , composing Alcaic stanzas , and also with Archilochus , composing poetic invectives in the Iambus tradition ( in which he adopted the metrical form of the Epode or ` Iambic Distich ' ) . Horace was a contemporary of Virgil and , like the epic poet , he wrote verses in dactylic hexameter , but in a conversational and epistolary style . Virgil 's hexameters are generally regarded as `` the supreme metrical system of Latin literature . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa643cbc5903ce20e90f52d7b779245e", "text": "Essay of Dramatick Poesie Essay of Dramatic Poesy by John Dryden was published in 1668 . It was probably written during the plague year of 1666 . Dryden takes up the subject that Philip Sidney had set forth in his Defence of Poesie ( 1580 ) and attempts to justify drama as a legitimate form of `` poetry '' comparable to the epic , as well as defend English drama against that of the ancients and the French . The treatise is a dialogue between four speakers : Eugenius , Crites , Lisideius , and Neander . The four speakers represented , respectively Charles Sackville ( Lord Buchhurst and later sixth Earl of Dorset ) , Sir Robert Howard -LSB- playwright and Dryden 's brother-in-law -RSB- , Sir Charles Sedley ( Edward Malone identified him as Lisideius ) and Dryden himself ( neander means `` new man '' and implies that Dryden , as a respected member of the gentry class , is entitled to join in this dialogue on an equal footing with the three older men who are his social superiors ) . On the day that the English fleet encounters the Dutch at sea near the mouth of the Thames , the four friends take a barge downriver towards the noise from the battle . Rightly concluding , as the noise subsides , that the English have triumphed , they order the bargeman to row them back upriver as they begin a dialogue on the advances made by modern civilization . They agree to measure progress by comparing ancient arts with modern , focusing specifically on the art of drama ( or `` dramatic poesy '' ) . The four men debate a series of three topics : ( 1 ) the relative merit of classical drama ( upheld by Crites ) vs. modern drama ( championed by Eugenius ) ; ( 2 ) whether French drama , as Lisideius maintains , is better than English drama ( supported by Neander , who famously calls Shakespeare `` the greatest soul , ancient or modern '' ) ; and ( 3 ) whether plays in rhyme are an improvement upon blank verse drama -- a proposition that Neander , despite having defended the Elizabethans , now advances against the skeptical Crites ( who also switches from his original position and defends the blank verse tradition of Elizabethan drama ) . Invoking the so-called unities from Aristotle 's Poetics ( as interpreted by Italian and refined by French scholars over the last century ) , the four speakers discuss what makes a play `` a just and lively imitation '' of human nature in action . This definition of a play , supplied by Lisideius/Orrery ( whose rhymed plays had dazzled the court and were a model for the new drama ) , gives the debaters a versatile and richly ambiguous touchstone . To Crites ' argument that the plots of classical drama are more `` just , '' Eugenius can retort that modern plots are more `` lively '' thanks to their variety . Lisideius shows that the French plots carefully preserve Aristotle 's unities of action , place , and time ; Neander replies that English dramatists like Ben Jonson also kept the unities when they wanted to , but that they preferred to develop character and motive . Even Neander 's final argument with Crites over whether rhyme is suitable in drama depends on Aristotle 's Poetics : Neander says that Aristotle demands a verbally artful ( `` lively '' ) imitation of nature , while Crites thinks that dramatic imitation ceases to be `` just '' when it departs from ordinary speech -- i.e. prose or blank verse . A year later , the two brothers-in-law quarreled publicly over this third topic . See Dryden 's `` Defense of An Essay of Dramatic Poesy '' ( 1669 ) , where Dryden tries to persuade the rather literal-minded Howard that audiences expect a play to be an imitation of nature , not a surrogate for nature itself .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "413acf11db41a24cc1408a1fcef9933c", "text": "Antoine Halley Antoine Halley ( 1593 -- 3 June 1675 ) was a French professor and poet . Halley was born at Bazenville near Bayeux . A professor of belles-lettres and Principal of the Collège du Bois , at the University of Caen , he succeeded Antoine Gosselin and distinguished himself from the age of twenty-two , by his eloquence and the brilliance of his teaching . He taught Latin poetry at the University of Caen , for nearly forty years . He cultivated Latin and French poetry and won the prize of the Immaculate Conception time and again so that the Académie des Sciences , Arts et Belles-Lettres de Caen pleaded with him to quit competing . Halley had ties with Charles de la Rue and Huet , the bishop of Avranches . The latter urged him to publish his poems . Huet , in his Origines de Caen , hailed him as mentor : `` I am obliged to give this testimony of gratitude to Mr. Halley . I deem it one of the greatest joys of my life to have been his disciple at his home for five years . He trained my mind , he refined my taste , he gave me an understanding of good authors . He taught me an infinite number of rare and curious things . '' Halley , in the meantime , professed no less esteem for his former student , sending him a poem a propos his book De Interpretatione . He also published a Traité sur la grammaire latine , at Caen in 1652 . His collection of Poems is dedicated to the Duke of Montausier , the tutor of the dauphin and governor of Normandy . Cadomus , a play in which he paid tribute to all the literary celebrities born in his city , from Nicole Oresme , tutor of Charles V , to Pierre Patrix , the favorite poet of Gaston d'Orleans , is amongst his best . When the chancellor Pierre Séguier , who had subdued the Harelle revolt of 1640 with undue harshness , made his way to Caen , Halley sent him far too flattering a couplet for the occasion . In 1642 , he thanked him for having increased the privileges of the Académie de Caen , founded by Moisant de Brieux . He addressed the Dauphin a long letter in Latin verse reminding him about the origins of the kings of France and celebrating the Trojan kings Dardanus , Erichthonius , Tros , Ilus , Laomedon and Priam , the supposed ancestors of Louis XIV . A few letters written at Lisieux by Jean-Pierre Camus , the bishop of Belley have been found in his works . One of them is dated thus : `` At Lisieux , on November 22nd , the day of St. Cecilia , patron saint of music , sister of poetry . When the Duchesse de Longueville came to Caen in 1648 , Halley was commissioned to compose the verses that decorated the tables placed at city 's expense on the way of the Duchess and her two children . In 1649 , during the famous Jobelins and Uranists Quarrel , Aubert , the princess ' chaplain , sent him the Voiture and Benserade 's sonnets , to get his opinion , as the French Academy had refused to get involved . That grave matter had been evoked before the very king , queen and princes , who were not able to settle it . It was then agreed that it was necessary to submit it to Halley whose decision would be final . The latter found in favor of Voiture against Benserade , i.e. in favor of the Duchesse de Longueville . Pierre Bayle has proclaimed Halley to be `` one of the greatest poets of his century '' ; even if his French poetry is weak , his Latin rhymes lack neither ease nor elegance . La Rue , Huet , Gilles Ménage , Lesueur de Pétiville , Pierre Cailly , and Michel Gonfrey have composed Latin verses in his honor .", "title": "" } ]	fever
f2bf7a66fd0d27873eef126f0ec7da95	The Girl on the Train was directed by Tate Taylor.	[ { "docid": "69423f5ac4c1ca317d2dee4520d122a4", "text": "The Girl on the Train (2016 film) The Girl on the Train is a 2016 American mystery thriller drama film directed by Tate Taylor and written by Erin Cressida Wilson , based on Paula Hawkins ' 2015 debut novel of the same name . The film stars Emily Blunt , Rebecca Ferguson , Haley Bennett , Justin Theroux , Luke Evans , Allison Janney , Édgar Ramírez , and Lisa Kudrow , and follows an alcoholic divorcée who becomes involved in a missing persons investigation . Principal photography began on November 4 , 2015 in New York City . Produced by Marc Platt and DreamWorks Pictures , The Girl on the Train was the first DreamWorks Pictures film to be distributed by Universal Pictures , as part of DreamWorks ' new distribution deal via Amblin Partners . It premiered in London on September 20 , 2016 and was theatrically released in the United States on October 7 , 2016 . The film grossed $ 173 million worldwide , and received mixed reviews , although Blunt 's performance received praise and gained a nomination at the 23rd Screen Actors Guild Awards , as well as a nomination for BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role at the 70th British Academy Film Awards .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "ee170d24518eddab940514b7be879177", "text": "Subway (Homicide: Life on the Street) `` Subway '' ( sometimes referred to as `` The Accident '' ) is the seventh episode of the sixth season of the American police television drama Homicide : Life on the Street , and the 84th episode overall . It first aired on NBC in the United States on December 5 , 1997 . In the episode , John Lange ( Vincent D'Onofrio ) becomes pinned between a Baltimore Metro Subway train and the station platform . The Baltimore homicide department is informed that Lange will be dead within an hour and Pembleton tries to solve the case while comforting Lange in his final minutes . `` Subway '' featured guest star Bruce MacVittie as a man suspected of pushing Lange into the path of the train . The episode was written by James Yoshimura , who co-produced with David Simon . It was directed by Gary Fleder and was the only episode of Homicide : Life on the Street helmed by the feature film director . Yoshimura based `` Subway '' on an episode of the HBO hidden-camera documentary show Taxicab Confessions , in which a New York City detective described a real-life instance of a man trapped between a subway train and platform . `` Subway '' was filmed on location in a Baltimore Metropolitan Transit Authority ( MTA ) station . Fleder included cinematic elements that were uncommon in the traditionally naturalistic show . This led to conflicts between Fleder and director of photography Alex Zakrzewski . `` Subway '' received overwhelmingly positive reviews but ranked number three in its time-slot during its original broadcast , capturing 10.3 million viewers but falling behind ABC 's 20/20 and CBS 's Nash Bridges . The episode won a Peabody Award for excellence in television broadcasting and was nominated for two Emmy Awards , one for Yoshimura 's script and one for D'Onofrio 's guest performance . `` Subway '' was the subject of a two-hour PBS television documentary , Anatomy of a `` Homicide : Life on the Street '' , which originally aired on the network on November 4 , 1998 . Screenwriter Vince Gilligan said `` Subway '' directly influenced an episode of The X-Files that he wrote , which in turn helped inspire the casting of Bryan Cranston in Breaking Bad .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4875fff8360040bb610c8d15353b4113", "text": "Romance on the Orient Express Romance on the Orient Express is a 1985 television film directed by Lawrence Gordon Clark .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4bcc2889148885fbdd7c25cde48a28dc", "text": "Strangers on a Train (play) Strangers on a Train is a play written by Craig Warner and is based on the 1950 the novel of the same name by Patricia Highsmith . The show made its West End and world premiere at the Gielgud Theatre on 19 November 2013 , following previews from 2 November .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7c6dba7d7a97c778a12ea9a067c801dd", "text": "Wesley Taylor Wesley Taylor ( born August 13 , 1986 ) is an American stage actor and writer , probably best known for his work on Broadway , Television , and his original web content .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "16a5d83409dc64fe38c43195665b469c", "text": "The \"Mind the Paint\" Girl The `` Mind the Paint '' Girl is a four-act play by Arthur Pinero , first published in 1912 . The play has a large cast of twenty eight named characters . The plot centres on a rising starlet who is discovered when a musical director overhears a workman yell , `` Mind the paint , Girl . '' The play was written to incorporate a song written by Jerome Kern . It premiered at the Duke of York 's Theatre , London , in February 1912 . A film based on the play was made by director Wilfrid North in 1916 and in 1919 , but both have been lost .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "01021ed266c7fe7316ac0ba9d0f91152", "text": "Girl on TV `` Girl On TV '' is a song written and recorded by the American boy band LFO . It was released in November 1999 , from their album LFO . The song was also their second single and peaked at number 10 in the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 on November 30 ( after reaching the Top 40 on November 16 ) and number 6 in the UK , where it was their biggest hit . `` Girl on TV '' was certified Gold by RIAA in 2000 for the shipment of over 500,000 copies in the US .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9b126e29b03ee4a8a97162427adb1c0c", "text": "Train Wreck (film) Train Wreck is a 2008 drama film directed by Andrew Lane starring R. Keith Harris and Maureen Mountcastle .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd3c673983155274d991e48586ab93d5", "text": "List of accolades received by Gone Girl (film) Gone Girl is a 2014 psychological thriller film directed by David Fincher , and produced by Leslie Dixon , Bruna Papandrea , Arnon Milchan , Reese Witherspoon , Ceán Chaffin , and Joshua Donen . The screenplay was adapted by Gillian Flynn from her eponymous 2012 novel . Set in Missouri , United States , the film stars Ben Affleck as Nick Dunne , a writer who becomes the prime suspect in the mysterious disappearance of his wife Amy , played by Rosamund Pike . Neil Patrick Harris and Tyler Perry feature in supporting roles . The score was composed by Trent Reznor and Atticus Ross . Gone Girl premiered at the New York Film Festival on September 26 , 2014 , before 20th Century Fox gave the film a wide release at over 3,000 theaters in the United States and Canada on October 3 . It grossed over $ 368 million on a production budget of $ 61 million . As of June 2016 , Gone Girl is Fincher 's highest-grossing film . Rotten Tomatoes , a review aggregator , surveyed 295 reviews and judged 88 % to be positive . Gone Girl garnered awards and nominations in a variety of categories with particular praise for its direction , Pike 's lead acting performance , Flynn 's screenplay , and its score . At the 87th Academy Awards , Pike received a nomination for Best Actress . The film received four nominations at the 72nd Golden Globe Awards : Best Director for Fincher , Best Actress in a Drama for Pike , Best Screenplay for Flynn , and Best Original Score . Pike won the Empire Award for Best Actress , and garnered nominations in the same category at the 21st Screen Actors Guild Awards and 68th British Academy Film Awards ( BAFTAs ) . She also received the Breakthrough Performance Award from the Palm Springs International Film Festival . Flynn was nominated at the BAFTAs , as well as the Writers Guild of America Awards . The National Board of Review included the film in their list of top ten films of the year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "08ec67fce471f227f46add74885f3d31", "text": "Harriet Thorpe Harriet Amelia Thorpe ( born 8 June 1957 ) is an English actress . She trained at London 's Central School of Speech and Drama . She is known for her roles in the British sitcoms , The Brittas Empire ( 1991 -- 97 ) and Absolutely Fabulous ( 1992 -- 2012 ) . She has also starred in the West End musicals , Cabaret ( 2006 ) , Wicked ( 2008 ) and Mamma Mia ! ( 2010 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cc67dd53d5646ad8cc8f8d8b98220436", "text": "This Train Don't Stop There Anymore `` This Train Do n't Stop There Anymore '' is a 2001 song performed by Elton John . The song was written by Elton John and Bernie Taupin . The music video was directed by David LaChapelle , and with Pierre Rouger as cinematographer , and presents a younger John played by Justin Timberlake dressed in outfits typical of John in the 1970s ; the video also features Paul Reubens of Pee-Wee Herman fame as John Reid , John 's manager of 25 years . The song 's lyrics detail John 's coming to terms with getting older , and his admission that he has ` put one over ' on his fans because he was unable to feel the music he was giving to them . It appears on the album Songs from the West Coast . It was released as a single and reached # 24 in the UK Singles chart and was a Top 10 Adult Contemporary chart hit in the US . An alternative interpretation implies John learning to deal with the stresses and rigors of living in fame without the use of drugs , as opposed to his earlier career . Near the end of the music video , he is seen opening a door which reveals an implied orgy , white snow flying through the air , and a person in a rabbit suit ( all a metaphor for cocaine use ) . John closes the door , and proceeds on to perform a song . Gary Barlow provided backing vocals for the track . The arrangement was simple , a throwback to John 's early piano-bass-drums combination prior to the arrival of Davey Johnstone . On the track , John plays piano , Paul Bushnell provides bass and backing vocals , and Matt Chamberlain plays drums .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1530fcb1c2254733bb48d11ee7f3425f", "text": "China Girl (1942 film) China Girl is a 1942 drama film which follows the exploits of a newsreel photographer in China and Burma against the backdrop of World War II . The film was directed by Henry Hathaway , and stars Gene Tierney , George Montgomery , Lynn Bari and Victor McLaglen . It is also known as A Yank In China , Burma Road and Over The Burma Road .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fef22dd7184677a115899788888bc832", "text": "Sam Taylor-Johnson Samantha Louise Taylor-Johnson ( née Taylor-Wood , born 4 March 1967 ) is an English filmmaker , photographer and visual artist . Her directorial feature film debut came in 2009 with Nowhere Boy , a film based on the childhood experiences of the Beatles songwriter and singer John Lennon . She is one of a group of artists known as the Young British Artists .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b53b791a2ae506f224d3d494c0edfe30", "text": "Kevin Trainor Kevin Trainor is an Irish actor from Kilkeel , County Down , Northern Ireland . He attended St Colman 's College in Newry before attending Emmanuel College , Cambridge , where he read English . After Cambridge , Trainor trained at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art from 2001 to 2004 ( making an early cameo appearance in the 2001 film The Hole ) and appeared in the 2005 Royal Shakespeare Company season . He is notable for portraying the younger version of Trevor Bruttenholm ( played as an older man by John Hurt ) in the film Hellboy ; as the character John in The Catherine Tate Show ( from the `` Ulster Mum '' series of sketches ) ; as Charles Adams in the HBO miniseries John Adams ; and as `` living statue '' Keiran Barker in Sky 1 television comedy drama The Cafe . Trainor earned critical accolades for his appearance in the special flash-back episode that launched the 2014 second series of Channel 4 's Utopia . His performance as Mr Omida , an immaculate and punctillious torturer , was described by Metro as `` the most chilling torturer committed to screen in a long time '' and by Geeks Unleashed as `` the very neat , precise and sinister Mr Omida , who wins the creepiest man alive award '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "72160165640e9e84d81a26f459093ea1", "text": "A Girl, a Bottle, a Boat A Girl , a Bottle , a Boat ( stylized as a girl a bottle a boat ) is the tenth studio album by American band Train , released on January 27 , 2017 , through Columbia Records . It is the band 's first album without lead guitarist and founding member Jimmy Stafford . Although he is not on the new album , he is currently still partially involved with the band , as he continues to play with them at some live performances and events .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f63c375279b977439197c18486094b1c", "text": "Bullet Train (band) is a Japanese boyband formed on December 25 , 2011 under Stardust Promotion . The group debuted under the name '' '' but later changed the name to '' '' . The group consists of `` main dancers '' and `` back vocalists '' , meaning that the vocalists stand behind the dancers during the band 's performances . Bullet Train has been likened to Momoiro Clover Z , a girl group managed by the same talent agency . The group is also described as . Consisting of 5 main dancers , the center among the dancers changes for each single .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "04f53d93127fae7436429850a4e2e1aa", "text": "Catherine Tate Catherine Tate ( born Catherine Ford ; 12 May 1968 ) is an English comedian , actress , and writer . She has won numerous awards for her work on the sketch comedy series The Catherine Tate Show as well as being nominated for an International Emmy Award and seven BAFTA Awards . Following the success of The Catherine Tate Show , Tate played Donna Noble in the 2006 Christmas special of Doctor Who and later temporarily reprised her role , becoming the Tenth Doctor 's companion for the fourth series in 2008 . In 2011 , she began a recurring role as Nellie Bertram in the U.S. version of The Office and was a regular until the series ended .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aee8071e7602258b9fa81f7802b3e511", "text": "The Girl from Trieste La Ragazza di Trieste , internationally released as The Girl from Trieste , is a 1982 Italian romance-drama film directed by Pasquale Festa Campanile and based on a novel with the same name written by the same Festa Campanile .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b019529c3584734b2d76286711a17042", "text": "Tripwire (film) Tripwire is a 1989 American film directed by James Lemmo . It is an action/adventure movie about a terrorist and government secret agent personal vendetta that began when a train hijacking goes badly awry and the terrorist 's son is accidentally killed . The original music score was composed by Richard Stone . Originally intended for a theatrical release ( it did get releases only in Europe between 1989 and 1990 ) , the movie was released directly to video and laserdisc on March 21 , 1990 in the U.S. by RCA/Columbia and in Canada on video only by Cineplex Odeon . The movie has not been released on DVD and as of December 26 , 2009 , Sony has not announced any plans to release the movie on DVD .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b88fdacd3c80615187b8450717d96b0b", "text": "The Come On The Come On is a 1956 American film noir directed by Russell Birdwell , starring Anne Baxter and Sterling Hayden .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "71f84ebc1ba72db9fef1a31612d95e98", "text": "Geoff Tate Geoff Tate ( born Jeffrey Wayne Tate , January 14 , 1959 ; he later changed his first name to Geoffery or Geoffrey ) is a German-born American singer and musician . He rose to fame with the progressive metal band Queensrÿche , who had commercial success with their 1988 album Operation : Mindcrime and 1990 album Empire . Tate is ranked fourteenth on Hit Paraders list of the 100 Greatest Metal Vocalists of All Time . He was voted No. 2 on That Metal Show 's top 5 hard rock vocalists of the 1980s . In 2012 , he won the Vegas Rocks ! Magazine Music Award for `` Voice in Progressive Heavy Metal '' . In 2015 , he placed ninth on OC Weekly 's list of the 10 Best High-Pitched Metal Singers . After his farewell tour as Queensrÿche , he renamed his band Operation : Mindcrime , after the Queensrÿche album of the same name .", "title": "" } ]	fever
6bd2d91dc9ed06ae27d9769e10214fcf	Jensen Ackles was born in 1978.	[ { "docid": "ac8a20844120ba8a48d390e9aad4e4c7", "text": "Jensen Ackles Jensen Ross Ackles ( born March 1 , 1978 ) is an American actor and director . He is known for his roles in television as Eric Brady in Days of Our Lives , which earned him several Daytime Emmy Award nominations , as well as Alec/X5 -494 in Dark Angel and Jason Teague in Smallville . He also starred as the lead in the box office success My Bloody Valentine 3D and portrayed Jason Todd in the popular animated film Batman : Under the Red Hood . Ackles currently stars as Dean Winchester on the CW series Supernatural .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "383559512cef201399f4e45a7f785ced", "text": "Alexandros Pappas Alexandros Pappas ( born February 13 , 1978 , Sweden ) is a Swedish footballer of Greek descent currently under contract for Finnish side IFK Mariehamn .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ba893c0fb6cfcd2a2ba5e32eb478364", "text": "Jensen! Jensen ! was a Dutch late night talk show on the television station RTL 5 . It aired on weekdays from 22:30 to 23:30 CET during winter , 20:30 to 21:30 UTC during summer . The show 's final season started on 31 March 2011 , with the last episode airing on 5 May 2011 . The show 's creator , anchorman Robert Jensen , also acted as its producer and host . In addition to various Dutch celebrities who accounted for the majority of the show 's guests , Jensen often welcomed international celebrities who were interviewed in English with subtitles in Dutch . On March 29 , 2007 , Jensen ! became a subject of controversy in the United States as the show 's guest that day , Snoop Dogg , delivered a few uncensored profanities directed at American TV host Bill O'Reilly . During the course of the interview , the topic of O'Reilly taking Snoop Dogg to task over the rapper 's drug and gun possession arrest weeks before , was brought up by Jensen . Snoop Dogg responded by saying `` fuck Bill O'Reilly '' and `` suck my dick '' among other things , all of which aired uncensored on Dutch TV . Snoop Dogg continued to lash out at O'Reilly while expressing frustration about O'Reilly not inviting him on his show to talk about the arrest , so that he could understand Snoop . The footage gained global notoriety after it was uploaded on YouTube , where it reached more than 1,000,000 views . Bill O'Reilly responded on his show , mocking Snoop Dogg for bashing him and the Netherlands for letting Snoop Dogg in the country , something which increased not only Snoop Dogg 's popularity in The Netherlands , but also Robert Jensen 's popularity . On 26 November 2009 Snoop Dogg returned in JENSEN ! to talk about Bill O'Reilly again .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c01004a997d4e37e5c371fd41a51018f", "text": "KC Montero Casey Wyatt Montero Miller ( born June 17 , 1978 in Tacoma , Washington ) , better known as KC Montero is a Filipino American Radio DJ , MTV VJ , TV host and actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f65fd2fde8d9f694a33013bd0a64e3cf", "text": "1978 College Football All-America Team The 1978 College Football All-America team is composed of college football players who were selected as All-Americans by various organizations and writers that chose College Football All-America Teams in 1978 . The National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) recognizes four selectors as `` official '' for the 1978 season . They are : ( 1 ) the American Football Coaches Association ( AFCA ) based on the input of more than 2,000 voting members ; ( 2 ) the Associated Press ( AP ) selected based on the votes of sports writers at AP newspapers ; ( 3 ) the Football Writers Association of America ( FWAA ) selected by the nation 's football writers ; and ( 4 ) the United Press International ( UPI ) selected based on the votes of sports writers at UPI newspapers . Other selectors included Football News ( FN ) , the Newspaper Enterprise Association ( NEA ) , The Sporting News ( TSN ) , and the Walter Camp Football Foundation ( WC ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7a60461056de8bb06e96338fcdc83962", "text": "ACN Inc. ACN , LLC ( formerly ACN , Inc. ) is a North-American based multi-level marketing ( MLM ) company which provides telecommunications , energy , merchant services and other services , depending on the country , through a network of independent sales agents known as `` Independent Business Owners '' ( IBOs ) , who themselves can recruit new people as sales agents . IBOs earn residual income and bonuses through the acquisition of personal customers , as well as customers by other IBOs they recruit . Based in Concord , North Carolina , United States , ACN began operations in the United States in 1993 as an American Communications Network . It extended operations to Europe in 1999 , to the Pacific in 2004 , to Asia in 2011 , and now operates in 25 countries , on four continents . As a reflection of its international operations , it changed its name to just the initial letters ACN . The company is a member of the Direct Selling Associations in North America and Europe .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4fa48bf00851f2385a3192bc146b4cd0", "text": "AFS Racing AFS Racing is a professional racing team participating in the IndyCar Series and previously the Firestone Indy Lights series . It is owned by Gary Peterson , the founder of Automatic Fire Sprinklers for which it is named , and is based in Huntington Beach , California .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "63829f279c0eaedb60357243857d3475", "text": "Winterborn (film) Winterborn ( Vinterbørn ) is a 1978 Danish drama film directed by Astrid Henning-Jensen . It was entered into the 29th Berlin International Film Festival where Henning-Jensen won the Silver Bear for Best Director .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3df8af3b51ffc52a5288de6d0aa75945", "text": "Avery Coonley School The Avery Coonley School ( ACS ) , commonly called Avery Coonley , is an independent , coeducational day school serving academically gifted students in preschool through eighth grade ( approximately ages 3 to 14 ) , and is located in Downers Grove , Illinois . The school was founded in 1906 to promote the progressive educational theories developed by John Dewey and other turn-of-the-20th-century philosophers , and was a nationally recognized model for progressive education well into the 1940s . From 1943 to 1965 , Avery Coonley was part of the National College of Education ( now National-Louis University ) , serving as a living laboratory for teacher training and educational research . In the 1960s , ACS became a regional research center and a leadership hub for independent schools , and began to focus on the education of the gifted . The school has occupied several structures in its history , including a small cottage on the Coonley Estate in Riverside , Illinois , and another building designed by Frank Lloyd Wright . It moved to Downers Grove in 1916 and became the Avery Coonley School in 1929 , with a new 10.45 acre campus designed in the Prairie and Arts and Crafts styles , landscaped by Jens Jensen , who was known as `` dean of the world 's landscape architects '' . The campus has been expanded several times since the 1980s to create more space for arts , technology , and classrooms . Avery Coonley was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2007 , citing the `` long-lasting influence on schools throughout the country '' of the educational program and the design of the building and grounds . The progressive legacy is still evident in the modern curriculum , which retains many traditions and educational activities dating back to the beginning of the school . Students work a minimum of one year above their current grade level , and explore broad themes allowing them to learn across subjects and engage in creative and collaborative projects , using instructional technology extensively . Opportunities to build on classroom studies are offered through a range of extracurricular activities . Admission is competitive and an IQ score of at least 124 is required . ACS is notable for its record of success in academic competitions at the state and national levels in mathematics , science , geography , and other subjects . ACS was recognized as a Blue Ribbon School by the United States Department of Education in 1988 . Avery Coonley attracted national media attention in 1994 when the school was banned from competition in the Illinois State Science Fair after winning for the fourth year in a row . Although the decision was later reversed , the controversy was decried by the press as an example of the `` dumbing down '' of education and the victory of self-esteem over excellence in schools .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2714810ca4227cb129185222b6caffcc", "text": "Mathias Jensen Mathias Jensen ( born 1 January 1996 ) is a Danish footballer who plays as a midfielder for Danish Superliga-side FC Nordsjælland .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "24afea91e7d82e5bef4e63a8a9e4ce3c", "text": "American Community Survey The American Community Survey ( ACS ) is an ongoing statistical survey by the U.S. Census Bureau . It regularly gathers information previously contained only in the long form of the decennial census , such as ancestry , educational attainment , income , language proficiency , migration , disability , employment , and housing characteristics . These data are used by many public-sector , private-sector , and not-for-profit stakeholders to allocate funding , track shifting demographics , plan for emergencies , and learn about local communities . Sent to approximately 295,000 addresses monthly ( or 3.5 million per year ) , it is the largest survey after the decennial census that the Census Bureau administers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e7d3ca38cd8550207a85acfade2a0875", "text": "Rossif Sutherland Rossif Sutherland ( born September 25 , 1978 ) is a Canadian actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0ea3cc6152564d1dfb018734d8ef8a36", "text": "Alex Kurtzman Alex Kurtzman ( born September 7 , 1973 ) is an American film and television writer , producer and director .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5ddbe60f9be72122acf17d6c8afd7d9f", "text": "Ackles Ackles is a surname . Notable people with the surname include : Bob Ackles ( 1938-2008 ) , Canadian football executive David Ackles ( 1937-1999 ) , American singer-songwriter David Ackles ( album ) , self-titled album George Ackles ( born 1967 ) , American professional basketball player Jensen Ackles ( born 1978 ) , American television actor Jill Ackles , American television director Margie Ackles ( born 1939 ) , American figure skater See also Eccles ( surname ) ru : Экклз", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a839f2579f3023157a73193d153dbca2", "text": "Cristin O'Keefe Aptowicz Cristin O'Keefe Aptowicz ( born November 26 , 1978 ) is a New York Times-bestselling nonfiction writer and poet .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "72718a20934905bdb0aad10afd2a6b0a", "text": "Eric Nicks Eric Nicks is the founder of Alpine Music Group home to R&B sensation Justine Skye . Eric Nicks is a music industry veteran , having been named the Sr. . VP of A&R at Universal Motown . He also founded R&B Live NY , an industry showcase in New York City . Nicks sits on the board of advisors for the Brooklyn Academy of Music . He is often a guest speaker at a variety of colleges , including NYU , Morehouse , and many others . On top of founding Alpine Music Group , Eric also created a bowling app called Side Action Bowling . Eric Nicks graduated from New York University and began co-managing the sister of his best friend , up and coming rapper , Foxy Brown - ( rapper ) . In ` 96 Nicks received a call from Lyor Cohen and Chris Lighty , offering him an A&R position at Violator ( company ) Records and Management where he would help shape the careers of LL Cool J , Busta Rhymes , and Noreaga among others . After spending 5 years at Violator , Lighty named him President of the records division until he stepped off to start a management company , EVision , with LL Cool J as one of his clients . He was involved in the platinum releases of Foxy Brown 's Ill NaNa , LL Cool J 's The DEFinition , and Lyfe Jennings ' debut Lyfe 268-192 . Eric Nicks received a tap from Kevin Liles , former president of Def Jam , for a position as Vice President of A&R at Def Jam . Under Nicks ' tenure at Def Jam , LL dropped his 10th studio album titled `` 10 '' which included LL Cool J 's 1st # 1 single `` Love You Better . '' and 11th studio album `` The Definition '' which included LL 's 2nd # 1 single `` Headsprung '' and 3rd # 1 single `` All I Need '' featuring Jennifer Lopez . In 2003 , Nicks left Def Jam to become Sr. . Vice President of A&R at Sony Records where he A&R 'd Lyfe Jennings Platinum debut album `` 268-192 '' . He went on to become Sr. . VP of A&R at Universal Motown Records in 2006 . In 2007 , Eric Nicks created R&B Live New York . Since its inception , R&B Live has hosted artists such as Fantasia , Ne-Yo , Trey Songz , Brian McKnight and many more . The star-studded room has included Kevin Liles , Jay-Z , Denzel Washington , Terrence Howard and many other celebrities and industry executives . 2008 marked the conception of Brookland Entertainment , Eric Nicks ' own record label company formed in conjunction with the Trackmasters . Brookland Entertainment was home to the hit single `` Download '' by Lil ' Kim ft. T-Pain and Charlie Wilson and dancehall artist Beenie Man . In 2010 Eric Nicks founded Alpine Music Group , which includes a self owned management company , a joint venture publishing company with Sony/ATV and a Record Label under Atlantic Records which houses upcoming sensation Justine Skye . In 2010 Eric also founded Alpine Music Publishing which houses records from Justine Bieber `` U Smile '' , One Direction `` Got ta Be you '' , Justine Skye `` Collide '' and many more . A&R Discography", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7fdfafb1be5676ca34f9bec8244df30b", "text": "Association of Cricket Statisticians and Historians The Association of Cricket Statisticians and Historians ( ACS ) was founded in England in 1973 for the purpose of researching and collating information about the history and statistics of cricket . Originally called the Association of Cricket Statisticians , the words `` and Historians '' were added in 1993 but it has continued to use the initialism ACS . The ACS headquarters were formerly in Nottingham , opposite Trent Bridge Cricket Ground , but since 2006 it has been run from three locations in Cardiff , Haywards Heath and Tickhill ( previously Scredington 2006 -- 2015 and Pevensey 2015-2016 ) . The Cardiff postal address is listed on the website . Although constituted in England , the ACS has a worldwide membership and is open to anyone with a relevant interest . The membership in 2015 numbered 1,047 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d7c63b39dd219e505fca42fcf5c4a35f", "text": "Knut Erik Jensen Knut Erik Jensen ( born 8 October 1940 in Honningsvåg , Finnmark ) is a Norwegian film director , best known for his documentary Cool and Crazy . After studying French , Russian and history , he attended the London Film School . In 1978 , he joined the staff of the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation ( NRK ) , and has since then made documentaries and short films for NRK as well as independently . Jensen has also directed three feature films : Stella Polaris ( 1993 ) , Burnt by Frost ( 1997 ) and Passing Darkness ( 2000 ) . In 2008 Jensen was made a Knight , First Class of the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "af8a671d95c94eb7137a9077d69284f9", "text": "Amy Acuff Amy Lyn Acuff ( born July 14 , 1975 ) is a track and field athlete from the United States . A high jump specialist , she competed in the 1996 , 2000 , 2004 , 2008 and 2012 Olympic Games as a member of USA Track and Field . Her best Olympic performance came at the 2004 Games , where her jump of 1.99 m earned her fourth place in the final .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "de74729e5fe7581ef755e17c225fa746", "text": "Alex von Tunzelmann Alex von Tunzelmann ( born 1977 ) is a British historian and author .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f2427cee40d90b4ee006ec6dc63a6a23", "text": "Jordan Ritter Jordan Ritter ( born February 1 , 1978 ) is an American serial entrepreneur , software architect and angel investor .", "title": "" } ]	fever
97681bc39bcaab247594111d1b3cf33b	Justin Bieber won an American Music Award in 2010.	[ { "docid": "6a2a7a23e4683d2d2b160122b053c90a", "text": "Justin Bieber Justin Drew Bieber ( -LSB- ˈbiːbər -RSB- born March 1 , 1994 ) is a Canadian singer and songwriter . After a talent manager discovered him through his YouTube videos covering songs in 2008 and signed to RBMG , Bieber released his debut EP , My World , in late 2009 . It was certified Platinum in the U.S. . He became the first artist to have seven songs from a debut record chart on the Billboard Hot 100 . Bieber released his first full-length studio album , My World 2.0 , in 2010 . It debuted at or near number one in several countries , was certified triple Platinum in the U.S. , and contained his single `` Baby '' . Following his debut album , he had his first headlining tour , the My World Tour , released the remix albums My Worlds Acoustic and Never Say Never -- The Remixes -- and the 3D biopic-concert film Justin Bieber : Never Say Never . He released his second studio album , Under the Mistletoe , in November 2011 , when it debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 . Bieber released his third studio album , Believe , in 2012 . His fourth studio album Purpose was released in November 2015 , spawning three number one singles : `` What Do You Mean ? '' , `` Sorry '' , and `` Love Yourself '' . His U.S. album and singles sales total 44.7 million . He has sold an estimated 100 million records , making him one of the world 's best-selling music artists . Bieber has won numerous awards , including the American Music Award for Artist of the Year in 2010 and 2012 . In his career , he has won one Grammy Award for Best Dance Recording for the song `` Where Are Ü Now '' at the 2016 ceremony . He has been listed four times by Forbes magazine among the top ten most powerful celebrities in the world in 2011 , 2012 , and 2013 . Bieber also became the first artist to surpass 10 billion total video views on Vevo .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "188fefaa2a2ae558061fa0c93108bced", "text": "America's Top 10 America 's Top 10 ( commonly abbreviated to AT10 ) was a television program of music hits based on the Billboard Hot 100 , with the exception of the last season in 1992 which used the Radio and Records chart . It aired in syndication by Gold Key Media from 1980 -- 1982 and by All American Television from 1982-1992 . The show was hosted by Casey Kasem , the host of American Top 40 and Casey 's Top 40 , until 1991 . After that point , the show was hosted by Siedah Garrett and then Tommy Puett ; Kasem later returned as host until he closed down the show in 1992 to focus on launching `` Casey 's Countdown , '' an adult contemporary music spinoff of Casey 's Top 40 . From around 1987 onwards , the show was also transmitted by various regions of ITV in the United Kingdom , where it was often broadcast as part of the network 's then-new overnight service . Charlie Tuna served as announcer , and Syd Vinnedge was producer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "66beaa429c8888f36e7a01fd082d9896", "text": "My Worlds Acoustic My Worlds Acoustic is the first remix album by Canadian recording artist Justin Bieber . It was released on November 26 , 2010 and was initially sold exclusively at Walmart retail stores and Sam 's Club . The album features nine acoustic versions of songs from his debut extended play , My World , and first album My World 2.0 , as well as a new song `` Pray . '' The new versions of the songs were produced by Bieber 's music director , Dan Kanter , his vocal producer Kuk Harrell , and also producer Rob Wells . Internationally , the set is included as a part of the compilation album , My Worlds : The Collection , which included songs from the previous two releases . My Worlds Acoustic was released to iTunes , on February 8 , 2011 . According to Bieber , he wanted to release the album for the naysayers who critiqued his actual singing ability . The singer said that he wanted to have an acoustic album , to reflect the effect of production on his vocals . Although labeled as an acoustic album , the songs still include subtle usages of electronic sounds such as synthesizers . The album received generally favorable reviews from critics , however most critics were not satisfied that the album was not genuinely acoustic . In Canada , the song debuted at number five , and later peaked at number four on the Canadian Albums Chart and certified Platinum by the Canadian Recording Industry Association . My Worlds Acoustic debuted at number seven on the US Billboard 200 , selling 115,000 copies in its first week , becoming Bieber 's third consecutive top ten album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ab67c0a9ab4557eb48cb76b4f31ecb2", "text": "American Idol (season 9) The ninth season of American Idol premiered on January 12 , 2010 and concluded on May 26 , 2010 on Fox . Simon Cowell , Randy Jackson and Kara DioGuardi returned to the judging panel . Ellen DeGeneres joined the panel as a replacement for Paula Abdul after guest judges filled in during the auditions . Idol Gives Back also returned for the season and was held on April 21 , 2010 , during the top seven results show . The top 24 semi-finals format used in the fourth through seventh seasons also returned this season . Cowell , DioGuardi and DeGeneres all left the show after this season ended , although only Cowell 's departure was announced in advance . This was the second season where neither of the final 2 contestants had been in the bottom 2 or 3 prior to the finale , with the first being the seventh season . This was also the third consecutive season a male contestant had won , the longest streak for either gender . It was the first season since sixth season where a female made it to the finale and was also the first time since seventh season seven that both the finalists released a different song as a debut single . Lee DeWyze , a folk rocker from Mount Prospect , Illinois won the competition , beating the runner-up Crystal Bowersox . Eight contestants from this season were signed to record labels . The signed artists are Lee DeWyze , Crystal Bowersox , Casey James , Michael Lynche , Siobhan Magnus , Tim Urban , Didi Benami , and Lacey Brown .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "257f3b722a90544e1bf9d2b665d93890", "text": "2014 iHeartRadio Music Awards The 2014 iHeartRadio Music Awards , was the inaugural music award show presented by iHeartMedia 's platform iHeartRadio and NBC . The awards were held on May 1 , 2014 , at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles . The awards show was announced on February 26 , 2014 . The nominations were compiled by the results of Mediabase charts , listener feedback and digital straming data from the iHeartRadio platform and announced on March 26 , 2014 . The awards recognized the biggest artists and songs of the year . The show was directed by Hamish Hamilton . The voting took place on iHeartRadio 's official webpage except for the `` Instagram Award '' , where voting took place on social network Instagram . Rihanna led the nominations with eight and also became the biggest winner of the night with four wins including Artist of the Year and Song of the Year . NBC 's telecast of the iHeartRadio Music Awards drew 5.4 million viewers overall and a rating of 1.7 in the key 18-to-49-year-old demographic .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "895d4076d1a7aee760bc2967bd05e497", "text": "Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Composition The Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Composition ( including its previous names ) has been awarded since 1960 . The award is presented to the composer of an original piece of music ( not an adaptation ) , first released during the eligibility year . In theory , any style of music is eligible for this category , but winning compositions are usually in the jazz or film score genres . The Grammy is awarded to the composer ( s ) of the music , not to the performing artist , except if the artist is also the composer . There have been several minor changes to the name of the award : In 1958 it was awarded as Best Musical Composition First Recorded and Released in 1958 ( over 5 minutes duration ) In 1960 it was awarded as Best Musical Composition First Recorded and Released in 1959 ( more than 5 minutes duration ) In 1962 it was awarded as Best Instrumental Theme or Instrumental Version of Song From 1963 to 1964 and from 1967 to 1970 it was awarded as Best Instrumental Theme In 1965 it was awarded as Best Instrumental Composition ( other than jazz ) From 1971 to the present it has been awarded as Best Instrumental Composition Years reflect the year in which the Grammy Awards were presented , for works released in the previous year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1445773c08da50707979a85167e4edf4", "text": "Houston Film Critics Society Awards 2010 The 4th Houston Film Critics Society Awards were presented on December 18 , 2010 . These awards for `` extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Houston Film Critics Society ( HFCS ) based in Houston , Texas . The organization , founded in 2007 , includes 22 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications in the greater Houston area . The awards are co-sponsored by the Houston Film Commission , Southwest Alternate Media Project , Women in Film and Television/Houston , WorldFest , and the Houston Cinema Arts Society . The nominations for the 2010 awards were announced on December 12 , 2010 . Eligible films do not need to have played or opened in a Houston film theater prior to the nomination deadline , merely made available to the HFCS membership at a screening or on DVD . Along with the 13 `` best of '' category awards , this year also saw the introduction of a new category for `` Worst Movies of the Year '' . The Social Network , True Grit , and 127 Hours each received six nominations , all including the Best Picture , Actor , Direction , and Original Score categories . The Social Network was the HFCS 's most awarded film of 2010 taking top honors in the Best Picture , Best Director ( David Fincher ) , Best Actor ( Jesse Eisenberg ) , and Best Screenplay ( Aaron Sorkin ) categories . Inception was the only other film to garner multiple awards , winning both the Best Original Score ( Hans Zimmer ) and Best Cinematography ( Wally Pfister ) prizes . The other acting awards went to Natalie Portman as Best Actress for Black Swan , Hailee Steinfeld as Best Supporting Actress for True Grit , and Christian Bale as Best Supporting Actor for The Fighter . The remaining film honors went to Toy Story 3 as Best Animated Film , Restrepo as Best Documentary , and The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo as Best Foreign Language Film . `` We Are Sex Bob-Omb '' by Beck from Scott Pilgrim vs. the World was named the Best Original Song . The HFCS 's first-ever award for `` Worst Picture '' was given to Jonah Hex starring Josh Brolin . In addition to the category awards , the HFCS presented their annual Lifetime Achievement Award to Sissy Spacek and its Humanitarian Award to George Clooney . Clooney was selected for `` selflessly using his celebrity for greater good '' . The HFCS award for Outstanding Achievement in Cinema awards were presented to Charles Dove , director of the Rice University Media Center , and Hector Luna , the founder and editor of C-47 Houston .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "31e0c2902da52dd1f923e4530182e88b", "text": "Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Christian Music Performance/Song The Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Christian Music Performance/Song was a new category at the 2015 ceremony of the annual Grammy Awards . It combines two previously separate categories in the Gospel/Contemporary Christian Music field , Best Contemporary Christian Music Song and Best Gospel/Contemporary Christian Music Performance . The new category recognizes both songwriters and performers ( solo/duos/groups / collaborations/etc . ) and is open for singles or tracks only . Songwriters are only awarded a Grammy Award if it is a newly written song . Grammy 's for cover versions of previously recorded songs are awarded to the performer ( s ) only . Along with the also newly formed Best Gospel Performance/Song category , these mark the only Grammy categories which honor both performers and songwriters in one category . These changes were made in June 2014 by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences `` in the interest of clarifying the criteria , representing the current culture and creative DNA of the gospel and Contemporary Christian Music communities , and better reflecting the diversity and authenticity of today 's gospel music industry . '' According to the Grammy committee , the move recognizes `` the critical contribution of both songwriters and performers by combining songwriters and artists into the Best Gospel Performance/Song and Best Contemporary Christian Music Performance/Song categories . '' Gospel performances , which were previously recognized in the Best Gospel/Contemporary Christian Music Performance category , will now fall under the newly created Best Gospel Performance/Song category .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "10ba91cb2cc4d5ff53accbbd0030b216", "text": "Change Me (Justin Bieber song) `` Change Me '' is a song by Canadian recording artist Justin Bieber from his second compilation album Journals ( 2013 ) discussing his life after the world turned on him was released on December 2 , 2013 . The song is the ninth in Bieber 's series Music Mondays , the first eight being `` Heartbreaker '' ( October 7 , 2013 ) , `` All That Matters '' ( October 14 ) , `` Hold Tight '' ( October 21 ) , `` Recovery '' ( October 28 ) , `` Bad Day '' ( November 4 ) , `` All Bad '' ( November 11 ) , `` PYD '' ( November 18 ) and `` Roller Coaster '' ( November 25 ) . Bieber released a new single every week for 10 weeks from October 7 to December 9 , 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d403ba95538df951631b910094752a5", "text": "Grammy Award for Best New Artist The Grammy Award for Best New Artist has been awarded since 1959 . Years reflect the year in which the Grammy Awards were handed out , for records released in the previous year . The award was not presented in 1967 . The official guidelines are as follows : `` For a new artist who releases , during the Eligibility Year , the first recording which establishes the public identity of that artist . '' Note that this is not necessarily the first album released by an artist . It is sometimes asserted , with varying degrees of sincerity , that winning the award is a curse , as several award winners ( particularly from the late 1970s and early 1980s ) were never able to duplicate the success they experienced in their debut year . This viewpoint was expressed by former Starland Vocal Band member Taffy Danoff in a 2002 interview for VH1 's 100 Greatest One Hit Wonders : `` We got two of the five Grammys -- one was Best New Artist . So that was basically the kiss of death and I feel sorry for everyone who 's gotten it since . '' The category is also notable for being the only one of its kind in which a Grammy Award was vacated . This occurred in 1990 after it was revealed winners Milli Vanilli did not contribute their own vocals on their debut album . The award was revoked , but was not handed out to another artist . Of the 54 awards presented in the category since its inception , the honor has been presented to 25 solo female artists , 18 duos or groups , and 11 solo male artists . Between 1997 and 2003 , all the winners were solo female artists . Also , from 1993 to 2005 , no winner was a solo male artist . In 2006 , John Legend broke this trend , which started with Marc Cohn in 1992 . Only four artists have won both Best New Artist and Album of the Year in the same year : Bob Newhart in 1961 , Christopher Cross in 1981 , Lauryn Hill in 1999 and Norah Jones in 2003 . Of all the winners , only three have been country artists . In 1997 , LeAnn Rimes became the first country artist to win the award . She was followed by Carrie Underwood in 2007 and Zac Brown Band in 2010 . Additionally , 2017 marked the first time that two country artists were nominated in this category in the same year . 1984 marked the first time that all of the nominees were from outside of the United States ( Winner Culture Club , Eurythmics , and Musical Youth were from England , Big Country was from Scotland , and Men Without Hats were from Canada ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6eda4fc0042da78360cab798fd3398b8", "text": "Grammy Award for Best Country Solo Performance The Grammy Award for Best Country Solo Performance is an award presented at the Grammy Awards , a ceremony that was established in 1958 and originally called the Gramophone Awards . According to the 54th Grammy Awards description guide it is designed for solo ( vocal or instrumental ) country recordings and is limited to singles or tracks only . The award combines the previous categories for Best Female Country Vocal Performance , Best Male Country Vocal Performance and Best Country Instrumental Performance ( if it is an instrumental solo performance ) . The restructuring of these categories was a result of the Recording Academy 's wish to decrease the list of categories and awards and to eliminate the distinctions between male and female performances .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "065b2530a48aef0bfbaaf1718fcbefcd", "text": "Juno Award for Electronic Album of the Year The Juno Award for Electronic Album of the Year is an annual award presented by the Canadian Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences for the best electronic album released in Canada . It has been awarded since 2011 . The five nominees and eventual winner in the category are chosen by a panel of judges from the music industry across Canada .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a130b14220343f131c8e20559c5869f3", "text": "Justin Bieber's Believe Justin Bieber 's Believe is a 2013 American biographical concert film and the sequel to Never Say Never , both centering on Canadian singer Justin Bieber . It was released through Open Road Films in the United States and Canada on December 25 , 2013 . The film received negative reviews from critics and grossed $ 6.2 million in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5b9e6cb05956edd9cfdda5cb89214f00", "text": "Juno Awards of 2008 The Juno Awards of 2008 were held in Calgary , Alberta , Canada on the weekend ending 6 April 2008 . These ceremonies honoured music industry achievements in Canada in the latter part of 2006 and in most of 2007 . Country performer and multiple Juno Award winner Paul Brandt received the 2008 Humanitarian Award which is now named after CHUM-FM Radio founder , Allan Waters . Moses Znaimer , who led the development of Citytv and MuchMusic , received the Walt Grealis Special Achievement Award . Nominations for all remaining categories were announced on 5 February 2008 . Notable among winners was Feist , winning all five awards in her nominated categories , three of which were presented in the televised gala .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8ceac1064fdc2ebb492e85c6ea933d1b", "text": "Podcast Awards The People 's Choice Podcast Awards , better known as the Podcast Awards , are a set of United States-centric awards given annually to the best podcasts as voted by the general public . Founded in 2005 by Todd Cochrane of Podcast Connect Inc. , the Podcast Awards were bought by New Media Expo in September 2014 . The first Podcast Awards show was held in 2006 ( awarding shows for the 2005 calendar year ) had over 350,000 people vote for their nominated podcasts , with nearly 1000 people attending the awards ceremony . The 10th annual Podcast Awards Show , the first show run exclusively by the New Media Expo , took place at Westgate Las Vegas Resort and Casino on April 14 , 2015 . It was hosted by Chris Jericho and Emily Morse .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc172f1ef685c2db421e5343624548f8", "text": "Grammy Award for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance The Grammy Award for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance ( previously called Best Rhythm and Blues Solo Vocal Performance , Female ) was an honor presented at the Grammy Awards , a ceremony established in 1958 and originally called the Gramophone Awards , to female recording artists for quality R&B songs . Awards in several categories are distributed annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences of the United States to `` honor artistic achievement , technical proficiency and overall excellence in the recording industry , without regard to album sales or chart position . '' According to the category description guide for the 52nd Grammy Awards , the award was presented to artists that performed `` newly recorded solo R&B vocal performances '' . Solo numbers by members of an established group were not eligible for the award as `` separate entries from the duo or group performances . '' Albums were also considered for the accolade until 1992 . As a part of the major overhaul of Grammy categories , the award was discontinued in 2011 . The Female R&B Vocal Performance category , Male R&B Vocal Performance category and all duo/group vocal performances in the R&B category shifted to the Best R&B Performance category in 2012 . The award for the Best Female R&B Vocal Performance was first presented to Aretha Franklin at the 10th Grammy Awards ceremony in 1968 for the song `` Respect '' . Franklin received the most wins with eleven , followed by Anita Baker with five . Franklin also holds the record for the most nominations with twenty-three , while Chaka Khan is second with eight nominations . Fantasia Barrino became the final recipient of the award , when her song `` Bittersweet '' won the award in 2011 . The award was presented to artists from the United States each year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad32702062a677298988b84a8ff8912f", "text": "Billboard Music Award for Top R&B Artist The Billboard Music Award for Top R&B Artist recognizes the most successful R&B artists over the past year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7c5128a879334c420e4972ef8b4862b7", "text": "MTV Video Music Award for Best Video with a Social Message The MTV Video Music Award for Best Video with a Social Message is an award handed out at the yearly MTV Video Music Awards , first introduced at the 2011 ceremony . The first winner of the category was Lady Gaga . As of 2015 , Kelly Clarkson , Rise Against , and Beyoncé have received the most nominations in this category , being nominated twice .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b37ce7169a25b67889be3b98b23f8c12", "text": "American Music Awards of 1980 The 7th Annual American Music Awards were held on January 18 , 1980 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eafafc3ab9099abf7d576768dc318b6e", "text": "American Music Awards of 1987 The 14th Annual American Music Awards were held on January 26 , 1987 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "07d57b76ffec2767b08d674d52a38372", "text": "Justin Chart Justin Chart ( born February 6 , 1960 ) is a Los Angeles based singer-songwriter and producer . Chart is known for his song , `` Los Angeles The Song '' .", "title": "" } ]	fever
7a54b82677ffb6dc0d525b68f9493034	Frank Ocean released an album.	[ { "docid": "6b2527e15d9f055aef39044f9f37be11", "text": "Channel Orange Channel Orange ( stylized as channel ORANGE ) is the 2012 debut studio album by American R&B singer and songwriter Frank Ocean . After releasing his mixtape Nostalgia , Ultra in 2011 , Ocean began writing new songs with Malay , a producer and songwriter who assisted him with recording the album at EastWest Studios in Hollywood . Rather than rely on samples as he had with his mixtape , Ocean wanted to approach sound and song structure differently on Channel Orange . He titled the album as a reference to the neurological phenomenon grapheme-color synesthesia and the color he claimed to have perceived during the summer he first fell in love . Channel Orange has an unconventional musical style , film-inspired segue tracks , and songs that draw on electro-funk , pop-soul , jazz-funk , and psychedelic music . Ocean 's songwriting touches on themes such as unrequited love , decadence , class , and drugs through the use of surrealistic imagery , conversational devices , and descriptive narratives depicting dark characters . His singing on the album exhibits free-form flow and alternating falsetto and tenor registers . To prevent Channel Orange from leaking onto the Internet , Ocean and Def Jam Recordings released the album digitally on July 10 , 2012 , one week earlier than its publicly announced date . It was promoted with five singles , including Ocean 's highest charting single `` Thinkin Bout You '' -- number 32 on the Hot 100 -- and a supporting concert tour in July 2012 . Channel Orange debuted at number two on the Billboard 200 and sold 131,000 copies in its first week . It received widespread critical acclaim and was named the best album of 2012 by numerous publications . By September 2014 , the album had sold 621,000 copies , according to Nielsen SoundScan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3fabc6d88baf1864a8d7312ec3fc2bb", "text": "Endless (Frank Ocean album) Endless is a video album by American singer Frank Ocean . It was released exclusively through Apple Music on August 19 , 2016 . It was his last release with his record label Def Jam Recordings to fulfill his recording contract . It was followed by the August 20 release of Ocean 's second studio album , Blonde .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "df5c24b77de0a46d49bd9cbfed922b67", "text": "Blonde (Frank Ocean album) Blonde ( stylized as blond ) is the second studio album by American singer Frank Ocean . It was released on August 20 , 2016 , as a timed exclusive on the iTunes Store and Apple Music , and followed the August 19 release of Ocean 's visual album Endless . Initially known as Boys Do n't Cry and teased for a July 2015 release , the album suffered several delays and was the subject of widespread media anticipation leading up to its release . The album features an abstract and experimental sound in comparison to Ocean 's previous releases , and includes guest vocals from André 3000 , Beyoncé , Yung Lean , and Kim Burrell , among others . Production is handled by Ocean himself , alongside a variety of high-profile record producers , including Malay and Om ` Mas Keith , who collaborated with Ocean on Channel Orange , as well as James Blake , Jon Brion , Buddy Ross , Pharrell Williams and Rostam Batmanglij , among others . Blonde debuted at number one in several countries , including the United States and the United Kingdom , and in its first week recorded sales of 232,000 copies ( 275,000 with album-equivalent units ) . Its physical release was accompanied by a magazine entitled Boys Do n't Cry . The album was supported by lead single `` Nikes '' . It received widespread acclaim from critics and appeared on the year-end lists of 2016 of many publications .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4f65f6965e0006826862fa31ea3143d5", "text": "Frank Ocean Christopher Francis `` Frank '' Ocean ( born Christopher Edwin Breaux ; October 28 , 1987 ) , is an American singer , songwriter , and rapper . Known for his idiosyncratic musical style , Ocean first embarked on a career as a ghostwriter , and in 2010 he became a member of hip hop collective Odd Future . He released his breakout mixtape , Nostalgia , Ultra , to critical acclaim in 2011 . It generated his first charting single `` Novacane '' . In 2012 , Ocean finished in second place in BBC 's Sound of 2012 poll . His debut studio album , Channel Orange , was released in July 2012 to critical acclaim and reached No. 2 on the Billboard 200 . It was promoted with three singles : `` Thinkin Bout You '' , `` Pyramids '' and `` Sweet Life '' . In 2016 , Ocean released the visual album Endless alongside his second studio album Blonde , following several years of delays . Blonde was acclaimed by critics , and debuted at number one in the United States and the United Kingdom .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "8a4a7b98ea4f9bb7ffb7089ead8c6c54", "text": "Double album A double album ( or double record ) is an audio album which spans two units of the primary medium in which it is sold , typically records and compact discs . A double album is usually though not always released as such , because the recording is longer than the capacity of the medium . Recording artists often think of double albums as comprising a single piece artistically ; however , there are exceptions such as John Lennon 's Some Time in New York City and Pink Floyd 's Ummagumma ( both examples of one studio record and one live album packaged together ) and OutKast 's Speakerboxxx/The Love Below ( effectively two solo albums , one by each member of the duo ) . A classic example of this idea is Works ( Volume One ) by Emerson Lake and Palmer , where side one was Keith Emerson , two Greg Lake , three Carl Palmer while side four was by the entire group . Since the advent of the compact disc , albums are sometimes released with a bonus disc featuring additional material as a supplement to the main album , with live tracks , studio out-takes , cut songs , or older unreleased material . One innovation is the accompaniment of a CD with a DVD of related material , such as video related to the album or DVD-Audio versions of the same recordings . These could be regarded as a new form of double album ; some such discs were also released on a two-sided format called DualDisc . Due to the limitations of the gramophone record , many albums primarily released on the format were under 40 minutes long . This has led to record labels re-releasing two of these albums on one CD , thus making a double album . The same principles apply to the triple album , which comprises three units . Packages with more units than three are often packaged as a box set .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c1b0a76ec21217f565960e0300da3e2c", "text": "Natural Selection (Frank Gambale album) Natural Selection is the eleventh studio album by guitarist Frank Gambale , released in 2011 through Wombat Records .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "753a0002282a8dc95c27e76e5e11b2a8", "text": "Reprise Musical Repertory Theatre Reprise Musical Repertory Theatre is a series of four 12 '' long playing vinyl albums recorded in Los Angeles in 1963 . The four albums were sold through mail order as a box set in 1963 , then released separately to retail in 1964 . They were conceived and produced by Frank Sinatra . Morris Stoloff was the musical director and the A&R Director was Sonny Burke . The four discs feature the scores of four popular Broadway musicals of the time , namely Finian 's Rainbow ( 1947 ) , Kiss Me , Kate ( 1948 ) , South Pacific ( 1949 ) and Guys and Dolls ( 1950 ) . The `` Guys and Dolls '' album was issued on CD in 1992 when the musical itself was enjoying a revival . All the albums were re-released in a box set on September 26 , 2000 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ce8b0fd54be06a8b2fd0a5ecab2529a9", "text": "The Tide (Oceana album) The Tide is the debut album from post-hardcore band Oceana . It was released through Rise Records on March 4 , 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f95655d5e772b2e9ed18d8d3e3deedba", "text": "The Ocean Blue (album) The Ocean Blue is the eponymous debut album by American band The Ocean Blue , released in 1989 by record labels Sire and Reprise .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "afc418c215cdd3149dcfa0b0f94c06d3", "text": "Joe's Garage Joe 's Garage is a three-part rock opera recorded by American musician Frank Zappa in 1979 . Originally released as two separate studio albums on Zappa Records , the project was later remastered and reissued as a triple album box set , Joe 's Garage , Acts I , II & III , in 1987 . The LPs initially received mixed to positive reviews , with critics praising its innovative and original music , but criticizing the scatological , sexual and profane nature of the lyrics . Since its original release , Joe 's Garage has been reappraised in a better light by some critics . Zappa self-deprecatingly described the album as a `` stupid little story about how the government is going to do away with music . '' The story is told by a character identified as the `` Central Scrutinizer '' narrating the story of Joe , an average adolescent male who forms a garage rock band , has unsatisfying relationships with women , gives all of his money to a government assisted and insincere religion , explores sexual activities with appliances , and is imprisoned . After being released from prison into a dystopian society in which music itself has been criminalized , he lapses into insanity . The album encompasses a large spectrum of musical styles , while its lyrics often feature satirical or humorous commentary on American society and politics . It addresses themes of individualism , free will , censorship , the music industry and human sexuality , while criticizing government and religion , and satirizing Catholicism and Scientology . Joe 's Garage is noted for its use of xenochrony , a recording technique that takes guitar solos from older live recordings and overdubs them onto new studio recordings . All of the guitar solos on the album are xenochronous except for `` Crew Slut '' and `` Watermelon in Easter Hay '' , a signature song that Zappa has described as the best song on the album , and according to his son Dweezil , the best guitar solo his father ever played .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "53aa532839a21b6b3ad7ea06f03dd326", "text": "Sinatra: New York Sinatra : New York is a 2009 box set album of live performances by the American singer Frank Sinatra , recorded in New York City . New York , both at the Carnegie Hall , and at Madison Square Garden . The first disc captures two live performances from 1955 and 1963 , disc two and three are from the Carnegie Hall and from Madison Square Garden in 1974 . The final two discs are from the 1980s , with disc five a previously unreleased DVD of a June 25 , 1980 performance at the Carnegie Hall .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5bfd144319785522649d0769defead99", "text": "Invincible (Michael Jackson album) Invincible is the final studio album by American recording artist Michael Jackson , released on October 30 , 2001 , by Epic Records . Similar to Jackson 's previous material , Invincible explores themes such as love , romance , isolation , media criticism , and social issues . It was his sixth studio album released through Epic label . An extensive and laborious album to make , Jackson started production in 1997 , and did not finish until eight weeks before the album 's October 2001 release . Jackson recorded in over 10 different studios , and the final cost was over thirty million dollars . Combined with twenty five million toward the cost of promoting the album , Invincible is the most expensive album ever made . The album peaked at number one in eleven territories worldwide , including the United States ( with first-week sales of 363,000 units ) , the United Kingdom , Australia , France and Switzerland . Invincible charted within the top ten in six other territories . Upon release , the album received mixed reviews from contemporary music critics . Invincible was one of the best-selling of 2001 , being ranked at # 9 on the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry 's ( IFPI ) Top 50 Global Best Selling Albums for 2001 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "301cb3947d13ca9447bdd8ca08d2c00e", "text": "Infinity Records Infinity Records was a short-lived subsidiary of MCA Records established in New York City in 1978 . The label was conceived by MCA president Sidney Sheinberg as a way for the Los Angeles-based entertainment conglomerate to improve its presence on the East Coast . Ron Alexenberg , who had previously been the head of the Epic Records division of CBS Records ( now part of Sony Music Entertainment ) was hired as CEO . The biggest hit the Infinity label had was `` Escape '' by Rupert Holmes , which was number 1 at the end of 1979 . Other acts that had chart entries on Infinity included Dobie Gray , Hot Chocolate , New England , Orleans and Spyro Gyra . Under the distribution of MCA , the Infinity Records label released titles in the US , Canada , the UK , Japan and parts of Europe . Infinity spent lavishly but failed to earn a profit . In addition to developing new talent , Infinity also paid substantial sums to acquire established artists . Most of the established artists were unable to duplicate their previous success . In October 1979 , Infinity released Pope John Paul II Sings at the Festival of Sacrosong , an album of speeches and songs sung by Pope John Paul II in his native Polish . Due to the tremendous popularity of the new Pope , Infinity thought the record would be a major hit . The company paid a substantial fee ( which went to charity ) to the Catholic Church to obtain exclusive rights to the recording . The album briefly peaked at # 126 on the Billboard 200 albums chart , however , it received poor reviews and was quickly seen as a colossal failure . Most of the one million advance copies of the John Paul II album were returned unsold to the label , producing a huge financial loss . MCA pulled the plug on Infinity Records in November 1979 , and the Infinity catalog was immediately absorbed by the parent company . Rupert Holmes and Spyro Gyra were the only Infinity acts to be retained by MCA , and most of the label 's catalog went out of print . The collapse of Infinity also coincided with rising costs of manufacturing for vinyl LP records and a huge sales slump for the music industry . Infinity has since become known as one of the most expensive failures in the history of the record business . There are at least two other smaller record labels that also have used the name Infinity Records . One of these other labels was a subsidiary of Festival Records , which for many years was Australia 's leading independent record company , but is now also defunct . Other companies with the Infinity Records name do not have an affiliation with MCA .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cec16b96c0bf96d6b3db20ed9abb687c", "text": "Oceansize Oceansize were an English rock band from Manchester , formed in 1998 . The band consisted of Mike Vennart ( vocals , guitar ) , Steve Durose ( guitar , backing vocals ) , Richard `` Gambler '' Ingram ( guitar , keyboards ) , Mark Heron ( drums ) and Jon Ellis ( bass guitar ) for the majority of its career , with Steve Hodson replacing Ellis on bass guitar in 2006 . The band released four studio albums , in addition to a number of minor EPs and singles , displaying a wide array of influences from several genres including post-rock , math rock , psychedelic rock , space rock , and post-hardcore . Following a twelve-year career , Oceansize announced their split in February 2011 , with the members moving on to different projects .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "85fd6880c748cf132365543262d1b70e", "text": "Them or Us Them or Us is an album by Frank Zappa , released in October 1984 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "81d7945d9f7aabafe3838faa4ebad172", "text": "Ocean over head Ocean Over Head are a 3-piece Irish punk rock band from Limerick city , Ireland . Starting in 2006 , Ocean Over Head have already made an impact on their local scene and the surrounding areas playing with bands like Scuba Dice , Little Nightmare , Fox Jaw Bounty Hunters , The Sick Dastardlys , and American Hardcore Legends Gang Green with friends The Demise . Winners of The 2008 `` Garageland ' band competition in the ` Best Song ' category with their song ` If It Aint Broke , Do n't Crucifix It ' , But unfortunately were runner up in the ` Best Band ' category , just losing out in 3rd place to friends Jesus In A Can and Zounds ! . In August 2008 , They were asked by ` Blastspace : LA or Busk ' to play as Special Guests in the Limerick heat in local venue Dolans Warehouse . Acts that played were Hogan & Mr Lightweight Their Debut EP ` The City Belongs To Me Again ... ' was recorded by Owen Lewis ( Flogging Molly , REM , Snow Patrol ) and is due for release in Summer 09 . Watch out for the debut single ` If It Aint Broke , Do n't Crucifix It ' which will be available for digital download in September 2009", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1ab1a83ce95334afe891618c146f13f4", "text": "Frank Sinatra Christmas Collection The Frank Sinatra Christmas Collection is a 2004 Christmas album from Frank Sinatra . The selection of tracks on the album spans Sinatra 's career from 1957 to 1991 and includes four previously unavailable tracks -- two previously unreleased on CD and two previously unreleased in any format -- the latter the last Christmas carol Sinatra recorded .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a9c773ca740c07ecb40941db8c377e26", "text": "Ocean Beach (album) Ocean Beach is the fourth studio album by Red House Painters , released in 1995 by 4AD . The album saw the group and Mark Kozelek move toward a more pastoral and folk-influenced arrangement style , in contrast to the lengthy , droning epics that featured on their early albums . Ocean Beach was also the last album to feature founding guitarist Gorden Mack , as well as being the band 's last studio album released by 4AD . The album features an unlisted hidden track , referred to as `` Brockwell Park ( Part 2 ) '' less than 20 seconds after `` Drop '' ends . The double 10 '' vinyl release of the album ( now long out of print ) features the band 's acoustic cover of Yes ' 1971 hit `` Long Distance Runaround . '' Kozelek would go on to record another version of the song ( with electric guitars and an extended outro ) for Red House Painters ' next album , Songs for a Blue Guitar . A rarely seen music video was produced for the song `` Summer Dress . '' An original idea for the album 's front cover artwork was a photo of what could be broken pews in an abandoned church , or old beds in an abandoned hospital ward .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e40bda1a328c78c6ad9e0efe6a7e0b80", "text": "King Kong: Jean-Luc Ponty Plays the Music of Frank Zappa King Kong : Jean-Luc Ponty Plays the Music of Frank Zappa ( or simply King Kong ) is an album by French jazz fusion artist Jean-Luc Ponty first released in 1970 on Liberty Records ' World Pacific Records subsidiary label and later released on Blue Note . The album contains numerous selections Zappa had previously recorded either with the Mothers of Invention or under his own name , including : `` King Kong '' , originally included on the Mothers ' 1969 album Uncle Meat `` Idiot Bastard Son '' , from the Mothers ' 1968 album We 're Only in It for the Money `` Twenty Small Cigars '' , from Zappa 's 1970 album Chunga 's Revenge `` America Drinks and Goes Home '' , from the Mothers ' 1967 album Absolutely Free In addition , the track `` Music For Electric Violin And Low Budget Orchestra '' includes the themes from `` Duke of Prunes '' , from Absolutely Free , and `` Pound for a Brown '' , from Uncle Meat . Zappa excised those themes , and everything that followed them , when he later recorded the piece himself under the title `` Revised Music For Guitar And Low-Budget Orchestra '' , which was first released on his 1978 album Studio Tan . George Duke , who would eventually join Zappa and Ponty in the Mothers , is featured on piano on all tracks . Ernie Watts is featured on alto and/or tenor saxophone on tracks 2 , 3 , 4 , and 6 . Zappa himself plays guitar on track 4 , and Mothers members Ian Underwood ( tenor sax ) and Art Tripp ( drums ) contribute on track 1 , 5 , and 6 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c2bb92e2dd2df3af9c075a90fe91f444", "text": "Effloresce (album) Effloresce is the debut album by British progressive rock band Oceansize . It was released on 29 September 2003 . The record garnered considerable praise from critics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ba62029df6761b99d7805ebafb6cedf8", "text": "Cycles (Frank Sinatra album) Cycles is a studio album by American singer Frank Sinatra , released in 1968 . Released just before Christmas in 1968 , there was a ten-month gap between this album and the release of Francis A. & Edward K. , which was the longest period in Sinatra 's Reprise years in which he did not commercially record music ( barring his contributions to The Sinatra Family Wish You a Merry Christmas ) . Sinatra sang a variety of folk-rock oriented songs , including Judy Collins ' `` Both Sides Now '' ( written by Joni Mitchell ) and the Glen Campbell hits `` Gentle on My Mind '' ( written by John Hartford ) and `` By the Time I Get to Phoenix '' ( written by Jimmy Webb ) . The title song was released as a single , reaching # 23 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart and # 2 on the Easy Listening chart , while the album peaked at # 18 on the Billboard 200 chart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d3372a3999fc7615f8175783292a2032", "text": "Allergic to Water Allergic to Water is the nineteenth studio album by singer-songwriter Ani DiFranco , released on November 4 , 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6fcd25b9a05196fa31add14b6de60828", "text": "Grind the Ocean Grind the Ocean is the debut studio album from UK based progressive metal band The Safety Fire . The album was initially due to be released on February 27 , 2012 in Europe and the February 28 , in North America . However , the official release date was pushed back to April 9 , 2012 in Europe and April 10 , 2012 in North America . Anyone who pre-ordered the album from the band 's official website , received a special edition of the album on the original set release dates . The album was mastered by Jens Bogren at Fascination Street Studios .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "960406d1d776167070ef62a0a3cc3170", "text": "Hold on Love Hold On Love is an album released by the band Azure Ray . It was released October 7 , 2003 on Saddle Creek Records . This album is the 54th release of Saddle Creek Records . The song `` Across the Ocean '' was featured in the Korean drama Coffee Prince .", "title": "" } ]	fever
0db78bb3f9bf5a1be482b8bf281922ce	Michael Giacchino is musically illiterate.	[ { "docid": "66c4b5c0d54b3121bb66a8f02d263e31", "text": "Michael Giacchino Michael Giacchino ( -LSB- dʒakˈkiːno -RSB- ; born October 10 , 1967 ) is an American composer of music for films , television and video games . He composed the scores to the television series Lost , Alias and Fringe , the video ' game series Medal of Honor and Call of Duty and many films such as The Incredibles , Ratatouille , Up , Mission : Impossible - Ghost Protocol , Dawn of the Planet of the Apes , Jurassic World , Inside Out , Star Trek Beyond , Doctor Strange , Rogue One and Spider-Man : Homecoming . Giacchino has received an Emmy Award and multiple Grammy Awards , as well as a Golden Globe Award and an Academy Award for his work on Up .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "b08ca15884a2105e22a869610f113434", "text": "Moonchild: Songs Without Words Moonchild : Songs Without Words is an 2006 album by John Zorn featuring performances by Joey Baron , Mike Patton , and Trevor Dunn ( sometimes referred to as the `` Moonchild Trio '' ) . It was inspired in part by Aleister Crowley , Antonin Artaud and Edgard Varèse . Moonchild : Songs Without Words has been performed internationally by the trio , conducted by John Zorn .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5edaef1c6ec8e0c6aa8b0f47951b13be", "text": "Jazz chord Jazz chords refer to chords , chord voicings and chord symbols that jazz musicians commonly use in composition , improvisation , and harmony . In jazz chords and theory , most triads that appear in lead sheets or fake books can have sevenths added to them , using the performer 's discretion and ear . For example , if a tune is in the key of C , if there is a G chord , the chord-playing performer usually `` voices '' this chord as G7 . While in a strict classical music context , the notes of a G7 chord would be G -- B -- D -- F , jazz often omits the fifth of the chord -- and even the root if playing in a group , since the bassist will play it . Omitting the root and fifth gives the improvising chord-playing musician the option to play other notes . Also , if a seventh chord , such as G7 , appears in a lead sheet or fake book , many chord-playing performers add the ninth or thirteenth to the chord , even though the lead sheet does not specify these additional notes . Jazz players can add these additional , upper notes -- seventh , ninth , eleventh , and thirteenth -- because they are an important part of the jazz sound . Lead sheets and fake books often do not detail how to voice the chord because a lead sheet or fake book is only intended to provide basic guide to the harmony . An experienced `` comping '' performer playing electric guitar or piano adds the extra notes using their ear and taste . In voicing jazz chords , performers focus first on the seventh and the major or minor third of the chord , with the latter indicating the chord quality , along with added chord extensions ( e.g. , ninths , elevenths , or thirteenths , even if not indicated in the lead sheet or fake book ) to add tone `` colour '' to the chord . As such , a jazz guitarist or jazz piano player might `` voice '' a printed G chord with the notes B -- E -- F -- A , which would be the third , sixth ( thirteenth ) , seventh , and ninth of the chord . Jazz chord-playing musicians may also add altered chord tones ( e.g. , 9 , 9 , 11 , 13 ) and added tones . An example of an altered dominant chord in the key of C , built on a G would be to voice the chord as `` B -- C -- E -- F -- A '' ; this would be G7 ( 911 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "43b942e1c0b63f96c22cdbc05e004cff", "text": "Sheet music Sheet music is a handwritten or printed form of music notation that uses modern musical symbols to indicate the pitches ( melodies ) , rhythms and/or chords of a song or instrumental musical piece . Like its analogs -- printed books or pamphlets in English , Arabic or other languages -- the medium of sheet music typically is paper ( or , in earlier centuries , papyrus or parchment ) , although the access to musical notation since the 1980s has included the presentation of musical notation on computer screens and the development of scorewriter computer programs that can notate a song or piece electronically , and , in some cases , `` play back '' the notated music using a synthesizer or virtual instruments . Use of the term `` sheet '' is intended to differentiate written or printed forms of music from sound recordings ( on vinyl record , cassette , CD ) , radio or TV broadcasts or recorded live performances , which may capture film or video footage of the performance as well as the audio component . In everyday use , `` sheet music '' ( or simply `` music '' ) can refer to the print publication of commercial sheet music in conjunction with the release of a new film , TV show , record album , or other special or popular event which involves music . The first printed sheet music made with a printing press was made in 1473 . Sheet music is the basic form in which Western classical music is notated so that it can be learned and performed by solo singers or instrumentalists or musical ensembles . Many forms of traditional and popular Western music are commonly learned by singers and musicians `` by ear '' , rather than by using sheet music ( although in many cases , traditional and pop music may also be available in sheet music form ) . `` Score '' is a common alternative ( and more generic ) term for sheet music , and there are several types of scores , as discussed below . The term `` score '' can also refer to theatre music , orchestral music or songs written for a play , musical , opera or ballet , or to music or songs written for a television programme or film ; for the last of these , see Film score .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "57f0b34f97713549215a9773a9d3d2d1", "text": "Hidden track In the field of recorded music , a hidden track ( sometimes called a secret track or ghost track ) is a piece of music that has been placed on a CD , audio cassette , LP record or other recorded medium in such a way as to avoid detection by the casual listener . In some cases , the piece of music may simply have been left off the track listing , while in other cases more elaborate methods are used . In rare cases a `` hidden track '' is actually the result of an error that occurred during the mastering stage of the record 's production .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "63ae1c6816050cb74409a3d29584d492", "text": "Tasto solo Tasto solo is an Italian term used in music scores , usually on the continuo part , to indicate that a note or section should be played on its own , without harmony . The term tasto is Italian for key ( as Italian `` tastiera '' is for fingerboard ) , so the part is to be played solo by the fingerboard instrument ( e.g. cello ) and not by the harmony instrument ( e.g. harpsichord ) where a basso continuo line is played by more than one instrument . The phrase first appeared in music theory books in the eighteenth century , but was used by composers such as Arcangelo Corelli before this time . C.P.E. Bach commented that , in practice , Italians did not play tasto solo .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1a11a1828654b0c005bf1720e6ef2451", "text": "Concertato Concertato is a term in early Baroque music referring to either a genre or a style of music in which groups of instruments or voices share a melody , usually in alternation , and almost always over a basso continuo . The term derives from Italian concerto which means `` playing together '' -- hence concertato means `` in the style of a concerto . '' In contemporary usage , the term is almost always used as an adjective , for example `` three pieces from the set are in concertato style . '' A somewhat oversimplified , but useful distinction between concertato and concerto can be made : the concertato style involves contrast between opposing groups of voices and groups of instruments : the concerto style , especially as it developed into the concerto grosso later in the Baroque , involves contrast between large and small groups of similar composition ( later called `` ripieno '' and `` concertino '' ) . The style developed in Venice in the late 16th century , mainly through the work of Andrea and Giovanni Gabrieli , who were working in the unique acoustical space of St. Mark 's Cathedral . Different choirs or instrumental groupings occupied positions across the cathedral from each other : because of the sound delay from one side to the other in the large and acoustically `` live '' space , a perfect unison was difficult , and composers found that a fantastically effective music could be composed with the choirs singing across to each other , in stereo as it were ; all accompanied by organ or other groups of instruments placed in such a way that they could hear each group equally well . Music written there was quickly performed elsewhere , and compositions in the new `` concertato '' style quickly became popular elsewhere in Europe ( first in northern Italy , then in Germany and the rest of Italy , and then gradually in other parts of the continent ) . Another term sometimes used for this antiphonal use of the choirs in St. Mark 's was cori spezzati . See also Venetian polychoral style and Venetian School . In the early 17th century , almost all music with voices and basso continuo was called a concerto , though this use of the term is considerably different from the more modern meaning ( a solo instrument or instruments accompanied by an orchestra ) . Often , sacred music in the concertato style in the early 17th century was descended from the motet : the texts that a hundred years earlier would have been set for a cappella voices singing in smooth polyphony , would now be set for voices and instruments in a concertato style . These pieces , no longer always called motets , were given a variety of names including concerto , Psalm ( if a psalm setting ) , sinfonia , or symphoniae ( for example in Heinrich Schütz 's collections of Symphoniae Sacrae ) . The concertato style made possible the composition of extremely dramatic music , one of the characteristic innovations of the early Baroque .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d3fead82749ed1f3b28c33ce5efb99e", "text": "The Essential Michael Nyman Band The Essential Michael Nyman Band is a studio album featuring a collection of music by Michael Nyman written for the films of Peter Greenaway and newly performed by the Michael Nyman Band . It is the seventeenth album release by Nyman . The album features liner notes by Annette Morreau , who describes the album as `` a summation and digest of ten years of progress in the performance of music by a composer -- a composer with whom , so evidently , a group of friends and expert musicians intimately identify their total commitment , virtuosity , and joyous enthusiasm . '' As the works on the album were written as concert pieces before being transmuted into film music , some of the selections , particularly `` Chasing Sheep Is Best Left to Shepherds '' contain more material than their film versions , and some are very different in style , such as `` An Eye for Optical Theory '' , with a tempo more than double from its original in The Draughtsman 's Contract . The other films from which the music is derived are A Zed & Two Noughts ( where it was originally not performed by the Michael Nyman Band ) , Drowning By Numbers , The Cook The Thief His Wife & Her Lover , Making a Splash , and Prospero 's Books . Nyman created a similar album in 2005 with The Composer 's Cut Series Vol . II : Nyman/Greenaway Revisited . Fan reaction has generally been that The Essential Michael Nyman Band is the superior album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "301cb3947d13ca9447bdd8ca08d2c00e", "text": "Infinity Records Infinity Records was a short-lived subsidiary of MCA Records established in New York City in 1978 . The label was conceived by MCA president Sidney Sheinberg as a way for the Los Angeles-based entertainment conglomerate to improve its presence on the East Coast . Ron Alexenberg , who had previously been the head of the Epic Records division of CBS Records ( now part of Sony Music Entertainment ) was hired as CEO . The biggest hit the Infinity label had was `` Escape '' by Rupert Holmes , which was number 1 at the end of 1979 . Other acts that had chart entries on Infinity included Dobie Gray , Hot Chocolate , New England , Orleans and Spyro Gyra . Under the distribution of MCA , the Infinity Records label released titles in the US , Canada , the UK , Japan and parts of Europe . Infinity spent lavishly but failed to earn a profit . In addition to developing new talent , Infinity also paid substantial sums to acquire established artists . Most of the established artists were unable to duplicate their previous success . In October 1979 , Infinity released Pope John Paul II Sings at the Festival of Sacrosong , an album of speeches and songs sung by Pope John Paul II in his native Polish . Due to the tremendous popularity of the new Pope , Infinity thought the record would be a major hit . The company paid a substantial fee ( which went to charity ) to the Catholic Church to obtain exclusive rights to the recording . The album briefly peaked at # 126 on the Billboard 200 albums chart , however , it received poor reviews and was quickly seen as a colossal failure . Most of the one million advance copies of the John Paul II album were returned unsold to the label , producing a huge financial loss . MCA pulled the plug on Infinity Records in November 1979 , and the Infinity catalog was immediately absorbed by the parent company . Rupert Holmes and Spyro Gyra were the only Infinity acts to be retained by MCA , and most of the label 's catalog went out of print . The collapse of Infinity also coincided with rising costs of manufacturing for vinyl LP records and a huge sales slump for the music industry . Infinity has since become known as one of the most expensive failures in the history of the record business . There are at least two other smaller record labels that also have used the name Infinity Records . One of these other labels was a subsidiary of Festival Records , which for many years was Australia 's leading independent record company , but is now also defunct . Other companies with the Infinity Records name do not have an affiliation with MCA .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0b7c1c608197f4e9e63d70fb28022250", "text": "Ricky Gianco Ricky Gianco ( born Riccardo Sanna , Lodi 1943 ) , formerly known as Ricky Sanna , is an Italian singer , songwriter , guitarist and record producer , considered one of the founders of Italian rock music . He reached the apex of his popularity as a singer in the 1960s , when he was one of the so-called `` urlatori '' ( literally : `` screamers '' ) , a group of early rock singers which also included Adriano Celentano , Little Tony , Tony Dallara , and others . In his early career , between the late 1950s and the early 1960s , Gianco played in several bands , including `` I Ribelli '' , `` I Quelli '' ( which would later develop into Premiata Forneria Marconi ) , and Celentano 's Clan Celentano . He also collaborated with Luigi Tenco , Enzo Jannacci , and Gino Paoli , among others . His most renowned solo works are from the mid-1960s , when he became a declared imitator of The Beatles . In the 1970s , he began expanding his range activities , working on theatre projects and as a record producer as well as a musician .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c92be68f6a4500695efa20ddc30cf673", "text": "Frank D'Accone Frank ( Anthony ) D'Accone ( born 13 June 1931 , Somerville , MA ) is an American musicologist . D'Accone is the author of pioneering documentary studies of the musicians and institutions that produced the music of the Florentine and Siennese Renaissance . His many modern editions of the music of this culture made available to present-day performers and scholars for the first time in several centuries a full and wide-ranging picture of the musical life in Tuscany during the Renaissance . His body of work `` substantially extends current knowledge of the music history of the Italian Renaissance . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6fcf1e936087463f2b1f6311d8e496ba", "text": "Uto Ughi Diodato `` Uto '' Ughi , Cavaliere di Gran Croce OMRI ( -LSB- ` uto ` uːɡi -RSB- ; born 21 January 1944 in Busto Arsizio , Italy ) is an Italian violinist and conductor . He was the music director of l'Orchestra dell ` Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia from 1987 -- 1992 . He is considered one of Italy 's greatest living violinists and is also active in the promotion of classical music in today 's culture . When he was young he started to play the violin , at only `` 5 or 6 years '' he said , and he made his debut at 7 years old , at the Teatro Lirico di Milano . At 12 years he was considered a mature artist . He involves himself in many activities to promote music culture . He is the founder of several music festivals , namely `` Omaggio a Venezia '' , `` Omaggio a Roma '' ( 1999 -- 2002 ) and `` Uto Ughi per Roma . '' In tandem with Bruno Tosi , Uto Ughi instituted the musical prize `` Una vita per la Musica '' ( `` A life for Music '' ) . On September 4 , 1997 he was commissioned Cavaliere della Gran Croce by the Italian President and in 2002 he received a degree honoris causa in Communication studies . He has won various awards , the most prestigious `` Una vita per la musica - Leonard Bernstein '' ( 23/6/1997 ) , `` Galileo 2000 '' prize ( 5/7/2003 ) and the international prize `` Ostia Mare '' ( 8/8/2003 ) . Ughi has possessed the following fine instruments : the Van Houten-Kreutzer ( 1701 ) and Sinsheimer-General Kyd-Perlman ( 1714 ) by Antonio Stradivari ; and the Kortschak-Wurlitzer ( 1739 ) , Ole Bull ( 1744 ) and Cariplo-Hennel-Rosé ( 1744 ) by Giuseppe Guarneri del Gesù . He received the America Award of the Italy-USA Foundation in 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0fe48975c36464e491aed00bb650eead", "text": "Choir of Hope and Inspiration Choir of Hope and Inspiration is an incorporated association ( registered as Melbourne Street Choir , Inc ) formed in March 2009 under the Associations Incorporation Act 1981 ( Victoria ) . CHI is based in Collingwood , Melbourne and is the community choir formerly known by the name `` The Choir of Hard Knocks '' ( which is the main performing choir ) and ( ii ) the `` Morning Bells '' choir . Together the choirs comprise a total of approximately 70 singers , staff and volunteers . CHI is governed by a voluntary Committee of Management ( Board ) comprising Father Jeff O'Hare , Peter Wallbridge ( Secretary ) , Liliana Sanelli , Tricia Olsen and Maureen O'Reilly . Former president Anthony Palmer is the MSC 's pro bono lawyer . The board has a broad range of skills and capabilities suited to the CHI including disadvantaged and welfare sector experience , marketing , events management , business affairs and fundraising . The board is now focused on supporting and promoting the unique needs and talents of the singing members and securing the Choir 's future security and viability . Jonathan Welch is also a committee of management member and the CHI 's inaugural director of music . The CHI is currently engaged in a detailed consultancy process to determine new governing rules , procedures and policies with the choir , staff and volunteers . Following the conclusion of this process ( currently anticipated at the end of July 2009 ) , the choir body , staff and volunteers will formally become members ( as defined under the Associations Incorporation Act ) of the CHI and adopt new rules . The CHI has a Deductible Gift Recipient status and not-for-profit status with the Australian Tax Office and has now commenced fundraising activities . The CHI 's ( registered as Melbourne Street Choir , Inc 's ) corporate registration details are located at www.business.gov.au . The main performing choir made their inaugural performance at the 2009 Melbourne International Jazz Festival at Hamer Hall , Melbourne on 29 April . Following an Australian-wide search for a new name for the main performing choir via its website http://www.savethechoir.com , the main choir has since been relaunched under the name `` Choir of Hope and Inspiration '' -LSB- and first performed under that name at the Geelong Performing Arts Centre on 20 June 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3817b17951df5192aba548b7c3178164", "text": "Chicago a cappella Chicago a cappella is a creative enterprise devoted to furthering the art of singing together without instruments . An ensemble of professional singers founded in 1993 by Jonathan Miller , Chicago a cappella presents an annual Chicago-area subscription series , creates studio recordings as well as live and broadcast-media musical content , and gives performances on tour and in special engagements . Long recognized for vocal virtuosity and innovative programming , the ensemble enjoys a reputation as a leader in the choral field . With more than 325 concerts to its credit , Chicago a cappella has produced more than 200 performances on its Chicago-based series . On tour , the group has appeared in 11 American states and in Mexico . The ensemble has been heard frequently on WFMT radio and through broadcasts distributed by American Public Media , including the highly regarded Performance Today . The ensemble has produced eight CD recordings of music ranging from Renaissance masses to contemporary works . From its inception , Chicago a cappella has been a champion of living composers . Since 1993 the group has presented more than 100 works in their world , national , or local premiere . Chicago a cappella has commissioned new music from composers such as Joseph Jennings , Chen Yi , Stacy Garrop , Rollo Dilworth , Tania León , and Ezequiel Viñao .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "611f38234017034da86fa24ecc413ac6", "text": "Michael Seifert (producer) Michael Seifert is a multi-platinum award winning music producer , writer , arranger and recording engineer based in Cleveland , Ohio . Michael 's credits include work for Nicholas Megalis , Island/Def Jam recording artist Gentlemen Hall , Tori Amos , Regina Spektor , Fountains of Wayne , Lifehouse ( band ) , Colbie Caillat , Gerald Levert , Bone Thugs-n-Harmony , Too Short , 8 Ball & MJG , UGK , Chuck Mosley ( Faith No More ) , Guided by Voices , J. Mascis ( Dinosaur Jr. ) , blues legend Robert Lockwood , Jr. , Kate Voegele , Mr. Gnome , Grammy award winners Snarky Puppy , and many more . Michael has scored independent films and major motion pictures including composing , arranging , recording , and production work on Bram Stoker 's Dracula ( Special Edition ) , The Outsiders : The Complete Novel , the Apocalypse Now Documentary `` Heart of Darkness '' , and most recently The Godfather trilogy FFC restoration special edition for legendary film producer/director Francis Ford Coppola . He has also composed , recorded , and produced music for Fox TV , CBS , MTV , American Greetings , Sports Illustrated , Reebok , and many others . A self-taught multi instrumentalist , Michael often performs on both sides of the glass when working on a project .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a3a46886adf869e1d5b8fc5cfe9eced2", "text": "Pranzo Oltranzista Pranzo Oltranzista is Mike Patton 's second solo project . It is subtitled `` Musica da Tavola per Cinque '' ( literally translated as Banquet Piece for Five Players ) , and is based on `` Futurist Cookbook '' by Filippo Tommaso Marinetti , written in 1932 . Following the experimental Adult Themes for Voice , it contains numerous tracks linked by culminary themes and best listened to as a unitary movement . Featuring Marc Ribot on guitar , William Winant on percussion , Erik Friedlander on cello and John Zorn on alto sax , this is Patton 's most technically sophisticated solo project .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f9acc252cb7767a82d965fb0725ad715", "text": "Musico The Italian term musico ( plural musici ) has a number of meanings : Originally , the term referred to any trained , as opposed to amateur , musician . In the 18th century , the term ( generally regarded as derogatory ) was used for the voice-type known today as castrato . In the 19th century , after the disappearance of castrati from opera , the term referred to a female singer , usually a mezzo-soprano , but sometimes a contralto , in a breeches role , often referred to as a primo musico . A diminutive form ( musichetto ) was also occasionally used .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "40114bfd921786fcaaa1505829e7b70a", "text": "Dante Symphony A Symphony to Dante 's Divine Comedy , S. 109 , or simply the `` Dante Symphony '' , is a program symphony composed by Franz Liszt . Written in the high romantic style , it is based on Dante Alighieri 's journey through Hell and Purgatory , as depicted in The Divine Comedy . It was premiered in Dresden in November 1857 , with Liszt himself conducting , and was unofficially dedicated to the composer 's friend and future son-in-law Richard Wagner . The entire symphony takes approximately 45 minutes to perform . Some critics have argued that the Dante Symphony is not so much a symphony in the classical sense as it is two descriptive symphonic poems . Regardless , Dante consists of two movements , both in a loosely structured ternary form with little use of thematic transformation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3bf234bc70081ad20273b175372ffb48", "text": "By Invitation Only By Invitation Only is a tribute album by the Michael Schenker Group released in 2011 . This album , made up of songs that influenced the career of Michael Schenker , includes guest performances from members of various bands , including Whitesnake , Blue Öyster Cult , Yngwie Malmsteen , and Iron Maiden . It 's a re-release of the Heavy Hitters album from 2005 , with one extra song ( `` Run To The Hills '' ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1807484f4845ae32aa5fd1b4eac0eab5", "text": "Tempo In musical terminology , tempo -LSB- ˈtɛmpo -RSB- ( `` time '' in Italian ; plural : tempi -LSB- ˈtɛmpi -RSB- ) is the speed or pace of a given piece or subsection thereof , how fast or slow . Tempo is related to metre and is usually measured by beats per minute , with the beats being a division of the bars , though tempo is often indicated by terms which have acquired standard ranges of beats per minute or assumed by convention without indication . Tempo may be separated from articulation , or articulation may be indicated along with tempo , and tempo contributes to the overall texture . While the ability to hold a steady tempo is a desirable skill , tempo is changeable , and often indicated by a conductor or drummer . While practicing , an electronic or mechanical device , a metronome , may indicate the tempo , as one usually works one 's way up to being able to perform at the proper tempo . In other words , it is the speed at which a passage of music is or should be played .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f45f9222a3ccaaeeed14340efacdbe70", "text": "Music Music is an art form and cultural activity whose medium is sound organized in time . The common elements of music are pitch ( which governs melody and harmony ) , rhythm ( and its associated concepts tempo , meter , and articulation ) , dynamics ( loudness and softness ) , and the sonic qualities of timbre and texture ( which are sometimes termed the `` color '' of a musical sound ) . Different styles or types of music may emphasize , de-emphasize or omit some of these elements . Music is performed with a vast range of instruments and vocal techniques ranging from singing to rapping ; there are solely instrumental pieces , solely vocal pieces ( such as songs without instrumental accompaniment ) and pieces that combine singing and instruments . The word derives from Greek μουσική #Ancient Greek ( mousike ; `` art of the Muses '' ) . In its most general form , the activities describing music as an art form or cultural activity include the creation of works of music ( songs , tunes , symphonies , and so on ) , the criticism of music , the study of the history of music , and the aesthetic examination of music . Ancient Greek and Indian philosophers defined music as tones ordered horizontally as melodies and vertically as harmonies . Common sayings such as `` the harmony of the spheres '' and `` it is music to my ears '' point to the notion that music is often ordered and pleasant to listen to . However , 20th-century composer John Cage thought that any sound can be music , saying , for example , `` There is no noise , only sound . '' The creation , performance , significance , and even the definition of music vary according to culture and social context . Indeed , throughout history , some new forms or styles of music have been criticized as `` not being music '' , including Beethoven 's Grosse Fuge string quartet in 1825 , early jazz in the beginning of the 1900s and hardcore punk in the 1980s . There are many types of music , including popular music , traditional music , art music , music written for religious ceremonies and work songs such as chanteys . Music ranges from strictly organized compositions -- such as Classical music symphonies from the 1700s and 1800s , through to spontaneously played improvisational music such as jazz , and avant-garde styles of chance-based contemporary music from the 20th and 21st centuries . Music can be divided into genres ( e.g. , country music ) and genres can be further divided into subgenres ( e.g. , country blues and pop country are two of the many country subgenres ) , although the dividing lines and relationships between music genres are often subtle , sometimes open to personal interpretation , and occasionally controversial . For example , it can be hard to draw the line between some early 1980s hard rock and heavy metal . Within the arts , music may be classified as a performing art , a fine art or as an auditory art . Music may be played or sung and heard live at a rock concert or orchestra performance , heard live as part of a dramatic work ( a music theater show or opera ) , or it may be recorded and listened to on a radio , MP3 player , CD player , smartphone or as film score or TV show . In many cultures , music is an important part of people 's way of life , as it plays a key role in religious rituals , rite of passage ceremonies ( e.g. , graduation and marriage ) , social activities ( e.g. , dancing ) and cultural activities ranging from amateur karaoke singing to playing in an amateur funk band or singing in a community choir . People may make music as a hobby , like a teen playing cello in a youth orchestra , or work as a professional musician or singer . The music industry includes the individuals who create new songs and musical pieces ( such as songwriters and composers ) , individuals who perform music ( which include orchestra , jazz band and rock band musicians , singers and conductors ) , individuals who record music ( music producers and sound engineers ) , individuals who organize concert tours , and individuals who sell recordings and sheet music and scores to customers .", "title": "" } ]	fever
9af57418c441be60784eb64a42998ee4	Horrible Bosses was created in the 21st century.	[ { "docid": "b299400a1561a62bc06061662980a8be", "text": "Horrible Bosses Horrible Bosses is a 2011 American black comedy film directed by Seth Gordon , written by Michael Markowitz , John Francis Daley and Jonathan Goldstein , based on a story by Markowitz . It stars Jason Bateman , Charlie Day , Jason Sudeikis , Jennifer Aniston , Colin Farrell , Kevin Spacey and Jamie Foxx . The plot follows three friends , played by Bateman , Day and Sudeikis , who decide to murder their respective overbearing , abusive bosses , portrayed by Spacey , Aniston and Farrell . Markowitz 's script was bought by New Line Cinema in 2005 and the film spent six years in various states of pre-production , with a variety of actors attached to different roles . By 2010 , Goldstein and Daley had rewritten the script , and the film finally went into production . The film premiered in Los Angeles on June 30 , 2011 , and was released on July 8 , 2011 . The film exceeded financial expectations , accruing over $ 28 million in the first three days , making it the number two film in the United States during its opening weekend , and going on to become the highest-grossing black comedy film of all-time in unadjusted dollars , breaking the record previously set by The War of the Roses in 1990 . The film grossed over $ 209 million worldwide by the end of its theatrical run . The film received generally positive reviews , with critics praising the ensemble cast , and each lead being singled out for their performances across reviews . The plot received a more mixed response ; some reviewers felt that its dark , humorous premise was explored well , while others felt the jokes were racist , homophobic and misogynistic . A sequel , Horrible Bosses 2 , was released on November 26 , 2014 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "43b0305c9b11efa9b4f3e8bd0a82be28", "text": "Cleaner (crime) A cleaner , or fixer , is a person who `` cleans up '' after crimes to physically erase their trace or uses pressure or bribes to limit fallout from a criminal act . A fixer plays a similar but often less hands-on role , often minimizing bad publicity for public officials or media figures by quelling stories of their misadventures , but also capable of more heavyhanded tactics , as necessary . A cleaner may destroy or remove incriminating evidence at the scene of a crime . A popular figure in crime fiction , a cleaner may also be a contract killer who commits murder to `` clean up '' a situation . Cleaner is also a slang term for someone , usually a member of a crime organization or a covert government agency , who disposes of a corpse after a hit . In contrast , legal crime scene cleanup is a legitimate industry , eliminating blood and other biohazardous materials such as dangerous chemicals used in an illegal drug lab as permitted by responsible authorities . A fictional example of a cleaner is Shoulders from the comic strip Dick Tracy . More contemporary are the roles played by Jean Reno as Victor in the film La Femme Nikita ( 1990 ) , Harvey Keitel as Victor in Point of No Return ( 1993 ) , and a year later as a Mr. Wolf in Quentin Tarantino 's Pulp Fiction ( 1994 ) ( parodied on Seinfeld ` s episode 155 , `` The Muffin Tops '' ( 1997 ) , where Newman makes the problem of leftover muffin stumps go away by eating them ) , and George Clooney as the title character in Michael Clayton . On television , similar roles are played by Jonathan Banks as Mike Ehrmantraut in the TV series Breaking Bad and its prequel , Better Call Saul , Liev Schreiber in the title role of Showtime 's Ray Donovan , Paige Turco as recurring character Zoe Morgan in Person of Interest , and Susan Blommaert as `` Mr. Kaplan '' in The Blacklist .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7715c6d2158d1664e14b3fe0bf7fe7b7", "text": "The Simpsons The Simpsons is an American animated sitcom created by Matt Groening for the Fox Broadcasting Company . The series is a satirical depiction of working-class life epitomized by the Simpson family , which consists of Homer , Marge , Bart , Lisa , and Maggie . The show is set in the fictional town of Springfield and parodies American culture , society , television , and the human condition . The family was conceived by Groening shortly before a solicitation for a series of animated shorts with producer James L. Brooks . Groening created a dysfunctional family and named the characters after members of his own family , substituting Bart for his own name . The shorts became a part of The Tracey Ullman Show on April 19 , 1987 . After a three-season run , the sketch was developed into a half-hour prime time show and became an early hit for Fox , becoming the network 's first series to land in the Top 30 ratings in a season ( 1989 -- 90 ) . Since its debut on December 17 , 1989 , episodes of The Simpsons have been broadcast . Its 28th season began on September 25 , 2016 . It is the longest-running American sitcom and the longest-running American animated program , and , in 2009 , it surpassed Gunsmoke as the longest-running American scripted primetime television series . The Simpsons Movie , a feature-length film , was released in theaters worldwide on July 27 , 2007 , and grossed over $ 527 million . On November 4 , 2016 , the series was renewed for a twenty-ninth and thirtieth season of 22 episodes each , extending the show to 2019 . The Simpsons received widespread critical acclaim throughout its first nine seasons , which are generally considered its `` Golden Age '' . Time named it the 20th century 's best television series , and Erik Adams of The A.V. Club named it `` television 's crowning achievement regardless of format '' . On January 14 , 2000 , the Simpson family was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame . It has won dozens of awards since it debuted as a series , including 31 Primetime Emmy Awards , 30 Annie Awards , and a Peabody Award . Homer 's exclamatory catchphrase `` D'oh ! '' has been adopted into the English language , while The Simpsons has influenced many adult-oriented animated sitcoms . Despite this , the show has also been criticized for what many perceive as a decline in quality over the years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b21096d80f5273fd1f18a57e5dd89a7e", "text": "Funny or Die Funny or Die is a comedy video website and film/TV production company founded by Will Ferrell , Adam McKay and Chris Henchy . The website Funny Or Die contains exclusive material from a regular staff of in-house writers , producers , and directors , and occasionally from a number of famous contributors like Judd Apatow , James Franco , and Norm Macdonald . The production company makes TV shows like truTV 's Billy on the Street , Comedy Central 's @midnight , and Zach Galifianakis 's popular Emmy-winning web series Between Two Ferns . Many videos on the site feature well-known actors ( examples include Steve Carell , Charlie Sheen , Ryan Gosling , Patrick Stewart , Daniel Radcliffe , Sophia Bush , Mila Kunis , AnnaSophia Robb , Hilary Duff , Adam West , James Van Der Beek , Jim Carrey , Ariel Winter , and Selena Gomez ) . Michael Kvamme , an aspiring young comedian , came up with a concept for a new kind of comedy site ; and the site was developed by Randy Adams . Funny Or Die launched on April 12 , 2007 with the site 's first video , `` The Landlord '' . `` The Landlord '' has received over 84 million views and features Ferrell confronted by a swearing , beer-drinking two-year-old landlord . In June 2007 , they received venture capital funding from Sequoia Capital , and in June 2008 , they announced a partnership with HBO . On August 3 , 2016 , Funny or Die shut-down one of its California offices , reducing its headcount by 30 % to 95 employees , with the announcement coming just two month after the new CEO , Mike Farah , took office", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9deb6b2da59a86ba55c2ebdc6e08e6b2", "text": "Rogue trader A rogue trader is an employee authorized to make trades on behalf of their employer ( subject to certain conditions ) who makes unauthorized trades . It is most often applied to financial trading , when rogue professional traders make unapproved financial transactions . This activity is often in the grey area between civil and criminal transgression , because the perpetrator is a legitimate employee of a company or institution , yet enters into transactions on behalf of their employer without permission . In several cases traders have initially made very large profits for their employers , and bonuses for themselves , from trades in breach of the rules , and it has widely been said that employers turned a blind eye to transgressions due to the profits involved . One famous rogue trader is Nick Leeson , whose losses on unauthorized investments in index futures contracts were sufficient to bankrupt his employer Barings Bank in 1995 . Through a combination of poor judgement on his part , increasingly large initial profits , lack of oversight by management , a naïve regulatory environment , and an unforeseen outside event , the Kobe earthquake , Leeson incurred a US$ 1.3 billion loss that bankrupted the centuries-old financial institution . The key factor determining the use of the term is lack of authorisation . There have been colossal financial losses and bankruptcies from what are considered to be catastrophically bad decisions by senior decision-makers in financial institutions , such as the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers which necessitated the 2008 United Kingdom bank rescue package , but this is not described as rogue trading and is not punishable . In the UK the term is also used to describe dishonest tradesmen such as double-glazing salesmen , second-hand car dealers , gas fitters , mechanics , roofers , plumbers and domestic rubbish collectors . A BBC Television programme exposing such practices was called Watchdog , which was later followed by Rogue Traders .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5800d6aad53067622445fa582a1ff9cf", "text": "Spitting Image Spitting Image is a British satirical puppet show , created by Peter Fluck , Roger Law and Martin Lambie-Nairn . The series was produced by ` Spitting Image Productions ' for Central Independent Television over 18 series which aired on the ITV network . The series was nominated and won numerous awards during its run including 10 BAFTA Television Awards , including one for editing in 1989 and two Emmy Awards in 1985 and 1986 in the Popular Arts Category . The series featured puppet caricatures of celebrities prominent during the 1980s and 1990s , including British Prime Ministers Margaret Thatcher and John Major and other politicians , US president Ronald Reagan , and the British Royal Family ; the series was the first to caricature Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother ( as an elderly gin-drinker with a Beryl Reid voice ) . One of the most-watched shows of the 1980s and early 1990s , the series was a satire of politics , entertainment , sport and British culture of the era , and at its peak it was watched by 15 million people . The series was cancelled in 1996 , after viewing figures declined . ITV had plans for a new series in 2006 , but these were scrapped after a dispute over Ant & Dec puppets used to host Best Ever Spitting Image , which were created against Roger Law 's wishes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "63651c2a9d0c7143cf17a63f79b9b8a4", "text": "Modern Humorist Modern Humorist was a United States-based humor webzine founded in 2000 by John Aboud and Michael Colton ( who later became panelists on VH1 's Best Week Ever ) , and managed by CEO Kate Barker . Its board of directors included feature film producer Frank Marshall and comedian Jon Stewart . A competitor of The Onion , Modern Humorist stopped publishing new material in 2003 . The site 's archives remain online and free to the public . It was nominated for a Webby Award in the Humor category in 2001 and in 2004 , losing to The Onion both times .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c6129067205e756a9990a65da0e0e1f0", "text": "21st Screen Actors Guild Awards The 21st Annual Screen Actors Guild Awards , honoring the best achievements in film and television performances for the year 2014 , were presented on January 25 , 2015 , on both TNT and TBS 8:00 p.m. EST / 5:00 p.m. PST . Nominees were announced on December 10 , 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6b404a86ab85e8ba5a7d2accb251892b", "text": "Nightmare (1981 film) Nightmare ( also known as Nightmares in a Damaged Brain ) is a 1981 slasher film directed by Romano Scavolini . Nightmare gained instant notoriety among horror fans when it was banned in the UK as a video nasty and its distributor was sentenced to 18 months in prison for refusing to edit one second of violent footage . The film also garnered controversy for claiming in its press material that Tom Savini had provided the film 's special effects , which Savini vehemently denied .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "70dec585081c17d6470f25b45bae5bdf", "text": "The Nasty Bits The Nasty Bits : Collected Varietal Cuts , Usable Trim , Scraps , and Bones , is a largely nonfiction New York Times bestselling book by Anthony Bourdain , published in 2006 . The book is a collection of 37 exotic , provocative , and humorous anecdotes and essays , many of them centered around food , followed by a 30-page fiction piece ( `` A Chef 's Christmas '' ) . The book concludes with an appendix of commentaries on the various pieces , including when and why they were written . The essays range from descriptions of restaurant-kitchen life ; to various rants about places , people , and things Bourdain objects to ; to lively accounts of far-flung world travels and remote ethnic life and food ; to accolades of the unsung Latinos who cook most fine-dining restaurant food in America ; to glowing reports of cutting-edge chefs like Ferran Adrià ; to details of Bourdain 's obsessions and pursuits when he is not working ; to opinions and anecdotes on various other subjects . Bourdain organized the various essays and anecdotes into sections named for each of the five traditional flavors : Salty Sweet Sour Bitter Umami The book is , according to Bourdain , basically a collection of the best of his magazine and newspaper writings during the previous few years . As he says in the preface : I 've done a lot of writing for magazines and newspapers in the last few years , and it 's the better morsels ( I hope ) from that work that follow . ... I 've been writing this stuff for much the same reason behind my frenetic traveling : Because I can . Because there 's so little time . Because there 's been so much to see and remember . ... It 's an irritating reality that many places and events defy description . Angkor Wat and Machu Picchu , for instance , seem to demand silence , like a love affair you can never talk about . For a while after , you fumble for words , trying vainly to assemble a private narrative , an explanation , a comfortable way to frame where you 've been and what 's happened . In the end , you 're just happy you were there -- with your eyes open -- and lived to see it .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ecbd693c1acec4524eee6bb87be6fad1", "text": "Scream Awards The Scream Awards were an award show dedicated to the horror , sci-fi , and fantasy genres of feature films . Originally only having Scream Queen and Heroic Performance awards for actors , the personnel awards have expanded to include actors and actresses of all three recognized genres . In addition , comic books awards were also given and have been recently expanded . It is broadcast on Spike TV and has been branded in the past as the Spike TV Scream Awards . Subsequently , the show was relabeled simply Scream with the respective year , i.e. Scream 2009 . The show was created by executive producers Michael Levitt , Cindy Levitt , and Casey Patterson . The Scream Awards ceremonies were cancelled following the 2011 Scream Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7b06dc438fe330418ef5af037496b451", "text": "Disasterpiece Theatre Disasterpiece Theatre was a comedy television program that aired in the early 1980s on XETV , a station in Tijuana , Mexico owned by Mexican media company Grupo Televisa which broadcasts in English across the border to neighboring San Diego , California . The show 's title is both a play on the long-running PBS anthology program Masterpiece Theatre and a reference to the low-budget , campy science fiction and horror films that were lampooned each week . At the time of Disasterpiece Theatre '' 's run , XETV was an independent station ; today it serves as the San Diego affiliate of The CW network . The premise of the show was simple : show the worst movies ever made and make fun of them . Among the films shown were Shriek of the Mutilated , Monster on Campus , The Thing That Could n't Die , The Mummy 's Hand , Born to Speed , Big Boy Rides Again , First Spaceship on Venus and Curse of the Undead . Comments would be written as subtitles during the movie ; for example , in Track of the Moonbeast a character says , `` I 'm somewhat of an ... ( laughs ) an adventurer , '' and the word `` IDIOT '' appeared on screen during the pause in the middle of the sentence . Sometimes music would be added and , in some cases , redubbing by the writers would occur . On a showing of First Spaceship on Venus , the soundtrack was replaced by the writers ' voices arguing about which television show they are going to watch , similar to the overdubbing idea in What 's Up , Tiger Lily?Jay Curtis hosted the show as Sal U. Lloyd , a play on the word celluloid . Bruce Mueller played `` The Other Guy '' and would often dress up as The Mummy , A Lion Tamer , and the Network Producer . Curtis and Mueller wrote and produced the show . Fred Stern was a constant contributor and served as the show 's musical director . Stern chose popular music that was added to scenes for comic punctuation . As an example , during the film Beginning of the End , giant grasshoppers are attacking Chicago , scientists decide to use the grasshopper mating call to lure the creatures into Lake Michigan but instead of the mating call coming from a boat loudspeaker , the audience hears At the Hop by Danny and the Juniors and the monsters hop in and drown . San Diego radio announcer Gary Cocker appeared on the show many times . Guests included Whoopi Goldberg , Richard Simmons , and J. Michael Straczynski . The show was done so cheaply , the producers would tape over the same reels , thus erasing the previous episode . In the show , Curtis and Mueller 's microphone cords are easily visible , but it is the poor production quality that makes the show more humorous . Sal U. Lloyd was portrayed as a big loser who hates his job . In one episode , he explains his position : `` I 'm sick of television ... I wan na be a rock and roll star . I wan na make some money . '' He is often seen receiving some kind of brain damage after showing a movie . Several times , Lloyd has a run-in with the network producer , George Mucas ( obviously a parody of George Lucas ) , who hates the show . In reality , Curtis had a strong rivalry with the actual network producer of XETV , who eventually cancelled the show . The show became quite successful , generating a loyal following and beating Saturday Night Live in the ratings several times . However , the show was eventually cancelled due to creative control with the station . Although the show is not widely acclaimed , it is mentionable for inspiring a generation of cult television shows that used the same premise , such as Mystery Science Theater 3000 . In 1991 , the Beetlejuice episode `` Moby Richard '' had Lydia staging a television dramatization of `` Moby Dick '' for the Neitherworld program `` Disasterpiece Theatre . '' In 1993 , Animaniacs had an episode of the same title . In 2009 , the creators of Disasterpiece Theatre '' created a YouTube Page posting archival footage of the show .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2b344572de4910db61fc34a1f06faae6", "text": "Pit Boss (TV series) Pit Boss is an American television series docudrama that follows Shorty Rossi , owner of Shorty 's Rescue , an organization set up for Pit Bull rescue . The series aired on Animal Planet from January 16 , 2010 to March 30 , 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4c7609f939afa1e742761f2448e22d1", "text": "Mr. Cranky Mr. Cranky , a satirical film critic , was created in 1995 by Jason Katzman and Hans Bjordahl . The Cranky personae premises that all movies are terrible ; at issue , solely , is the severity of pain , insult , discomfort or idiocy projected , injected , ingested , subjected or otherwise presented . There are no good films in the Cranky pantheon ; only films which inflict greater or lesser suffering . Subtextually , the Mr. Cranky website is a comment on an uncritical film-reviewing culture . In contrast to boilerplate , overly effusive reviews -- often including declarations that incorporate a film 's theme or title in a pun or play-on-words -- the Cranky review is received on the originality of its portrayal of physical suffering and mental anguish effected by the viewing experience . The movies are rated on a six-step scale , with the least bad ( i.e. best ) film receiving one `` bomb . '' Films that cause greater suffering receive additional `` bombs . '' ( Up to four . ) Movies deemed particularly offensive receive a Dynamite or `` Boomstick '' rating . The worst films ( i.e. those Cranky has marked as irredeemable -- `` Proof that Jesus died in vain '' in classic Cranky vernacular ) receive the Animated Atomic Explosion or `` Kaboom ! '' rating . In October 2001 , a `` guest reviewer '' named Mr. Smiley appeared . A post-modern reflection of the Cranky character 's anti-reviews , Mr. Smiley is a mirror opposite of the Mr. Cranky personae : all reviews are hyperbolically positive . Mr. Smiley is a stereotypical smiley face smelling a pink Freesia flower , appearing every year near Halloween . Consistent with the theme , the Smiley character has a rising five-step scale going from one smiley face to the `` Prozacerrific ! '' Happy Pill . Consistent with other 20th-century artists including the post World War I Dadaists ( Absurdists ) and post-modern anti-art of the 1960s -- best embodied by Warhol 's `` pop art '' works and Lichenstein 's self-portraits -- Mr. Smilely was an effective ironic tool used to comment on the deficiencies of uncritical analysis and review .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b38be5dea9203e504f4bbfcfb623c8a9", "text": "The Producers (Smash) `` The Producers '' is the twenty eighth episode of the American television series Smash . It was written by Becky Mode and directed by Tricia Brock . The episode premiered on NBC on April 27 , 2013 , the thirteenth episode of Season 2 . An off-the-rail Jimmy threatens Hit Lists future , as Karen , Derek , Ana and Kyle join forces to try help him before things take a turn for the worse . Tom and Julia 's partnership is at breaking point just as Ivy , Eileen , and the entire Bombshell team are running themselves ragged to outshine their competitors .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8487ace7641b8752d3c715fbfe304ee2", "text": "21st Century Killing Machine 21st Century Killing Machine is the debut album by Swedish death-thrash metal band One Man Army and the Undead Quartet .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d9ea474b55131765ce008cb7e481661", "text": "Horrible Beginnings Horrible Beginnings is an anthology of horror short stories edited by Steven H. Silver and Martin H. Greenberg , first published in paperback by DAW Books in March 2003 . The cover art is based on Children of Bodom 's debut album , Something Wild . It is a compilation of the first published stories of seventeen prominent authors in the genre , and features introductions to the stories provided ( in most instances ) by the authors of those stories . Horrible Beginnings was the third and last of three similarly-themed anthologies , its companions being Wondrous Beginnings and Magical Beginnings , compiling the first published stories of authors writing in the science fiction and fantasy genres , respectively . The series follows the example of the earlier First Flight : Maiden Voyages in Space and Time , edited by Damon Knight ( Lancer Books , 1963 ) and First Voyages , edited by Damon Knight , Martin H. Greenberg and Joseph D. Olander ( Avon Books , 1981 ) , which focused on science fiction authors only and did not include individual introductions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "37841031c3e83fbab51dff21f7f43b84", "text": "The Barbarian Group Barbarian is an interactive marketing firm founded in Boston , but currently headquartered in New York City . Founded in 2001 , the company works with traditional agencies and clients on the development of ordinary and viral web marketing . Past projects include the Subservient Chicken for Burger King , AnyFilms for Samsung , and the Beer Cannon for Milwaukee 's Best . In late 2009 , the company sold a majority stake to Cheil Worldwide . In the summer of 2012 the company closed its Boston office . In 2017 , Cathy Butler was named CEO of Barbarian . She comes to Barbarian from DigitasLBi , where she won awards and accolades as a marketer and technology expert in her role as EVP of Digital Products and Services .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "65beeb7080fdcddfd1169548274e4883", "text": "Workplace incivility Workplace incivility has been defined as low-intensity deviant behavior with ambiguous intent to harm the target . Uncivil behaviors are characteristically rude and discourteous , displaying a lack of regard for others . The authors hypothesize there is an `` incivility spiral '' in the workplace made worse by `` asymmetric global interaction '' . Incivility is distinct from violence . The reduction of workplace incivility is a fertile area for applied psychology research .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2220987d56fff1af1c65ba5629bb8170", "text": "Monster Café Monster Café is a Children 's BBC comedy programme about three monsters working in Monster Café , where they meet weird monsters , serve weird food and battle with their evil boss , the Baroness . The series originally aired from 1994 -- 1995 . The series was repeated on CBeebies in 2002 , then on BBC Two in May 2005 , and again on CBeebies in November 2007 , but after complaints on BBC Message Boards and direct to the BBC regarding how the programme scared young children , it was pulled from the schedule .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c55be52a697b56b5d3455e41df5922b1", "text": "21st Century Boogie 21st Century Boogie is the debut album by Paddy Milner , released on June 24 , 2002 . Paddy Milner 's music shows many influences ranging from pop-rock through to jazz , classical and British folk . 21st Century Boogie shows his attention to blues and boogie-woogie . It was released to a flood of outstanding reviews , solidly sealing his reputation as one of the most original musicians . During the year of release on Paul Jones 's Radio 2 show , the album was placed in the year 's top ten records , whilst Milner himself was shortlisted for the British Blues Keyboard Player of 2002 . Jools Holland has become an ardent fan , telling Milner `` You make the piano sing '' .", "title": "" } ]	fever
5a4df7fd0e9be6ca2d7c696246ac1521	Babe Ruth's contributions to baseball have never been officially acknowledged.	[ { "docid": "92bba07c6f5fd87f013025d18a22ab9e", "text": "Babe Ruth George Herman `` Babe '' Ruth Jr. ( February 6 , 1895 -- August 16 , 1948 ) was an American professional baseball player whose career in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) spanned 22 seasons , from 1914 through 1935 . Nicknamed `` The Bambino '' and `` The Sultan of Swat '' , he began his MLB career as a stellar left-handed pitcher for the Boston Red Sox , but achieved his greatest fame as a slugging outfielder for the New York Yankees . Ruth established many MLB batting ( and some pitching ) records , including career home runs ( 714 ) , runs batted in ( RBIs ) ( 2,213 ) , bases on balls ( 2,062 ) , slugging percentage ( .6897 ) , and on-base plus slugging ( OPS ) ( 1.164 ) ; the latter two still stand today . Ruth is regarded as one of the greatest sports heroes in American culture and is considered by many to be the greatest baseball player of all time . In , Ruth was elected into the Baseball Hall of Fame as one of its `` first five '' inaugural members . At age seven , Ruth was sent to St. Mary 's Industrial School for Boys , a reformatory where he learned life lessons and baseball skills from Brother Matthias Boutlier of the Christian Brothers , the school 's disciplinarian and a capable baseball player . In 1914 , Ruth was signed to play minor-league baseball for the Baltimore Orioles but was soon sold to the Red Sox . By 1916 , he had built a reputation as an outstanding pitcher who sometimes hit long home runs , a feat unusual for any player in the pre-1920 dead-ball era . Although Ruth twice won 23 games in a season as a pitcher and was a member of three World Series championship teams with Boston , he wanted to play every day and was allowed to convert to an outfielder . With regular playing time , he broke the MLB single-season home run record in 1919 . After that season , Red Sox owner Harry Frazee sold Ruth to the Yankees amid controversy . The trade fueled Boston 's subsequent 86 year championship drought and popularized the `` Curse of the Bambino '' superstition . In his 15 years with New York , Ruth helped the Yankees win seven American League ( AL ) championships and four World Series championships . His big swing led to escalating home run totals that not only drew fans to the ballpark and boosted the sport 's popularity but also helped usher in the live-ball era of baseball , in which it evolved from a low-scoring game of strategy to a sport where the home run was a major factor . As part of the Yankees ' vaunted `` Murderer 's Row '' lineup of 1927 , Ruth hit 60 home runs , extending his MLB single-season record . He retired in 1935 after a short stint with the Boston Braves . During his career , Ruth led the AL in home runs during a season twelve times . Ruth 's legendary power and charismatic personality made him a larger-than-life figure in the Roaring Twenties . During his career , he was the target of intense press and public attention for his baseball exploits and off-field penchants for drinking and womanizing . His often reckless lifestyle was tempered by his willingness to do good by visiting children at hospitals and orphanages . After his retirement as a player , he was denied a managerial job in baseball , most likely due to poor behavior during parts of his playing career . In his final years , Ruth made many public appearances , especially in support of American efforts in World War II . In 1946 , he became ill with cancer , and died two years later .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "39b891ae8bee6526dee21e149b0cd551", "text": "Ruth Lessing Ruth Elizabeth Lessing -LSB- Tex -RSB- ( August 15 , 1925 -- October 26 , 2000 ) was a female catcher who played from through in the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League . Listed at , 128 lb. , she batted and threw right-handed . Ruth Lessing has been considered as one of the best defensive catchers in All-American Girls Professional Baseball League history . Respected for her solid skills behind home plate , including a strong and accurate arm , Lessing also was renowned for her fiery and competitive spirit . She played over 100 games during four straight seasons , was selected to the All-Star Team three consecutive years , and set several all-time , single-season records before suffering a career-ending shoulder injury that forced her to retire prematurely . Known for her fiery demeanor , she was once fined $ 100 for punching an umpire after he made a call she disapproved . In response , a collection taken up by fanatics netted more than $ 2000 . She paid the fine and gave the rest of the money to charity . Lessing said she was not proud of what she had done and wrote the umpire a letter of apology . Both later became close friends . A native of San Antonio , Texas , Lessing was a standout athlete at Jefferson High School . She was spotted in the early 1940s by a scout from the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League . Then in 1944 , at the age of 18 , she graduated and immediately joined the Minneapolis Millerettes , an expansion AAGPBL team managed by former big leaguer Bubber Jonnard . In her rookie season Lessing shared catching duties with Pepper Paire . In 1944 Lessing hit a .177 batting average in 57 games for Minneapolis , scoring 13 runs while driving in 27 more . She posted a single-season , career-high with 22 stolen bases , and ten of her 35 hits were doubles . Playing their home games at Nicollet Park , the Millerettes could not compete with the local Minneapolis Millers . In addition , Minneapolis was far from the other five cities in the league , forcing the Millerettes spent most of the season on the road . As a result , the team finished last in both halves of the season with a compiled 45 -- 72 record , being replaced in 1945 by the Fort Wayne Daisies . Lessing became a regular with Fort Wayne in 1945 , appearing in 110 games and setting an all-time single season record for a catcher with a .982 fielding average . She also hit .123 with 32 runs and 21 RBI , while the Daisies , with Bill Wambsganss at the helm , had a strong season debut , going 62 -- 47 and finishing four and a half games behind first-place Rockford Peaches . During the playoffs , Fort Wayne disposed of the Racine Belles in the first round , three to one games , but struggled to Rockford in the final round , four-to-one . In 1946 Lessing joined the Grand Rapids Chicks , playing for them for the rest of her career . As a member of the Chicks , she solidified her position as one of the best backstops around . In her first year with the team , she led all catchers with 141 assists , which also is an all-time record . Besides this , Lessing improved her offensive numbers with a .215 average , 43 runs and 35 RBI , and was selected to the All-Star Team . Managed by Johnny Rawlings , Grand Rapids finished 71 -- 41 and advanced to the playoffs , only to be beaten by Rockford in the first round , three-to-two . Lessing became one of two hundred players to attend the first AAGPBL spring training outside the United States , which was held in 1947 in Cuba at the Gran Stadium de La Habana . With deliveries changing from underhand ( or , underarm ; compare pitching in softball ) to sidearm in that season , the work of Lessing behind the plate was an instrumental part of the success for the pitching staff . She caught splendidly , giving her pitchers confidence and stability by calling the game and instigating defensive plays on the field . Lessing also contributed with her bat , hitting .205 with 24 runs and 42 RBI in 111 games , while earning a second selection to the All-Star Team . The Chicks went 65 -- 47 and made the playoffs for the second consecutive year . In the first round , the team defeated the South Bend Blue Sox in five games , and won the Championship Title behind Mildred Earp , who pitched a 1 -- 0 shutout against the Belles in decisive Game 7 . In 1948 Lessing set another all-time record , appearing in 125 games behind the plate in the regular season . She also posted career-numbers in hits ( 86 ) , runs ( 43 ) and RBI ( 36 ) , while hitting a .206 average and making her third and last All-Star Team , helping the Chicks win the Eastern Section with a 77 -- 47 record . In the postseason , Grand Rapids defeated South Bend in five games but was swept by Fort Wayne in three games during the second round . Unfortunately , just 44 games into the 1949 season , Lessing suffered a career-ending shoulder injury . At the time , she was hitting .233 ( 28-for-120 ) with nine runs and nine RBI . Once her playing days were gone , Lessing returned to San Antonio , where she took a job at the Kelly Air Force Base . In 1991 , she served as a technical adviser for filmmaker Penny Marshall during the shooting of her film A League of Their Own , which brought many of the real players began to earn a rebirth of celebrity with the first season of the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League . Lessing , like many AAGPBL players , were relatively unknown until the Marshall 's film was exhibited for the first time . After that , the AAGPBL Players Association reunions became formal annual events in 1998 . Ruth Lessing died of cancer in her homeland of San Antonio at the age of 75 . In 2006 , she was awarded a posthumous induction into the Texas Baseball Hall of Fame . She is also part of the AAGPBL permanent display at the Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum at Cooperstown , New York , opened in , which is dedicated to the entire league rather than any individual player .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "97fa587cd3142fa1200113d65b162691", "text": "Japanese Baseball Hall of Fame The is a museum which includes a library , reference rooms and . It first opened in 1959 next door to Korakuen Stadium in Tokyo , Japan . In 1988 , the museum moved to a new site within the Tokyo Dome . The Hall of Fame and Museum was created as a means to contribute to the development of baseball in Japan through dedication of baseball greats -- players , executives , and umpires -- as Hall of Famers . In addition , the facility houses many memorable baseball materials including various kinds of baseball literature .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f1011b51a4a3f1d2d2555b3e6c90ada5", "text": "Dick Young (sportswriter) Dick Young ( October 17 , 1917 -- August 30 , 1987 ) was a sportswriter best known for his direct and abrasive style , and his 45-year association with the New York Daily News . He was elected to the writers ' wing of the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1978 , and was a former president of the Baseball Writers ' Association of America . Young was the first sportswriter to treat the clubhouse as a central and necessary part of the sports `` beat '' , and his success at ferreting out scoops and insights from within the previously private sanctum of the team was influential and often imitated . The Boston Globe '' 's Bob Ryan said of Young , `` He 's the guy that broke ground , the guy who went into the locker room , and that changed everything . '' A self-professed Republican , Young sided frequently with owners of professional sports teams engaging in public contractual debates with players , most notoriously in 1977 when he described Mets ace pitcher Tom Seaver , a three-time Cy Young Award winner , as `` a pouting , griping , morale-breaking clubhouse lawyer . '' < Schoor , Gene . Seaver . Chicago : Contemporary Books Inc. , 1986 : 238 > In 2000 , Ira Berkow chose Young as one of the seven sportswriters who 'd made the greatest impact on their profession , along with Red Smith , Grantland Rice , Ring Lardner , Damon Runyon , Jimmy Cannon , and Jim Murray . According to Jack Ziegler in the Dictionary of Literary Biography , Young was a `` key transitional figure '' between the `` gentlemanly '' sports reporting of old-time writers like Grantland Rice and Arthur Daley . Upon his death , The New York Times described Young 's prose style : `` With all the subtlety of a knee in the groin , Dick Young made people gasp ... He could be vicious , ignorant , trivial and callous , but for many years he was the epitome of the brash , unyielding yet sentimental Damon Runyon sportswriter . '' Esquire Magazine called Young 's writing `` coarse and simpleminded , like a cave painting . But it is superbly crafted . '' Ross Wetzsteon wrote that Young had `` singlehandedly replaced the pompous poetry of the press box with the cynical poetry of the streets . '' In his book The Boys of Summer '' , Roger Kahn called Young `` spiky , self-educated , and New York . '' Characteristically , Young described his approach to sportswriting simply : `` Tell people what 's going on , and what you think is going on . Bread-and-butter stuff , meat-and-potato stuff . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f591fd1b2669b610d9e449b2ac12f94a", "text": "List of New York Yankees captains There have been 15 captains of the New York Yankees , an American professional baseball franchise also known previously as the New York Highlanders . The position is currently vacant after the most recent captain , Derek Jeter , retired after the 2014 season , after 12 seasons as team captain . Jeter was named as the 11th officially recognized captain of the Yankees in 2003 . In baseball , the captain formerly served as the on-field leader of the team , while the manager operated the team from the dugout . Today , the captain is a clubhouse leader . The first captain officially recognized by the Yankees was Hal Chase , who served in the role from 1910 through 1912 . Roger Peckinpaugh served as captain from 1914 through 1922 , until he was traded to the Boston Red Sox . He was succeeded by Babe Ruth , who was quickly deposed as captain for climbing into the stands to confront a heckler . Everett Scott served as captain from 1922 through 1925 . Ten years later , Lou Gehrig was named captain , serving for the remainder of his career . After the death of Gehrig , then manager Joe McCarthy declared that the Yankees would never have another captain . The position remained vacant until team owner George Steinbrenner named Thurman Munson as captain in 1976 . Following Munson 's death , Graig Nettles served as captain . Willie Randolph and Ron Guidry were named co-captains in 1986 . Don Mattingly followed them as captain in 1991 , serving until his retirement in 1995 . Gehrig , Munson , Guidry , Mattingly and Jeter are the only team captains who spent their entire career with the Yankees . Jeter is the longest tenured captain in franchise history , the 2014 season being his 12th as team captain . There is , however , some controversy over the official list . Howard W. Rosenberg , a baseball historian , found that the official count of Yankees captains failed to include Clark Griffith , the captain from 1903 -- 1905 , and Kid Elberfeld , the captain from 1906 -- 1907 , while manager Frank Chance may have served as captain in 1913 . In addition , right after The New York Times reported Rosenberg 's research in 2007 , Society for American Baseball Research member Clifford Blau contacted him to say he had found Willie Keeler being called the team 's captain in 1908 and 1909 , research that Rosenberg has confirmed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "137505cf9c7288dea6880199c1df5b3e", "text": "Ed Crane (baseball) Edward Nicholas Crane ( May 27 , 1862 -- September 20 , 1896 ) , nicknamed Cannonball , was an American right-handed pitcher and outfielder in Major League Baseball for eight seasons . He played for the Boston Reds ( 1884 ) , Providence Grays ( 1885 ) , Buffalo Bisons ( 1885 ) , Washington Nationals ( 1886 ) , New York Giants ( NL ) ( 1888 -- 89 , 1892 -- 93 ) , New York Giants ( PL ) ( 1890 ) , Cincinnati Kelly 's Killers ( 1891 ) , Cincinnati Reds ( 1891 ) , and Brooklyn Grooms ( 1893 ) . Crane was the first pitcher in the history of major league baseball to record 4 strikeouts in a single inning ( New York Giants , 1888 ) , and is one of the few players to play in four major leagues : the Union Association , the National League , the Players ' League , and the American Association . Born in Boston , Cannonball Crane was a man of uncommon strength . In his prime , he was described as `` a giant in physical strength and proportions . '' He reportedly could throw a baseball 135 yards , farther than anyone else who played the game in his era . After his playing career ended , he died from what was officially declared an accidental overdose but was reported by others to have been a suicide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a6371d5b513cf3b0b8d0801e9b6e6907", "text": "Lonny Frey Linus Reinhard Frey -LSB- Junior -RSB- ( August 23 , 1910 -- September 13 , 2009 ) was an infielder in Major League Baseball who played from through for the Brooklyn Dodgers ( 1933 -- 1936 ) , Chicago Cubs ( 1937 , 1947 ) , Cincinnati Reds ( 1938 -- 1943 , 1946 ) , New York Yankees ( 1947 -- 1948 ) , and New York Giants ( 1948 ) . He was born in Saint Louis , Missouri . Frey began his career as a switch hitter and continued to bat from both sides of the plate until the end of 1938 . Starting in 1939 , he batted exclusively from the left side of the plate . He started at shortstop with the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1933 and switched to second base after leading the National League in errors in 1935 ( 44 ) and 1936 ( 51 ) . Traded to the Chicago Cubs before the 1936 season he developed as a competent second baseman . Frey enjoyed his best years with the Cincinnati Reds , helping them to reach two consecutive World Series in 1939 and 1940 , after hitting .291 with 11 home runs and 95 runs ( 1939 ) and leading the National League with 22 stolen bases ( 1940 ) while scoring 102 runs . Five days before the 1940 World Series against Detroit , Frey injured his foot when he dropped the iron lid of the dugout water cooler on it . Eddie Joost replaced him at second base for the series . A three-time All-Star ( 1939 , 1941 , 1943 ) Frey also led the NL second basemen twice each in fielding percentage and double plays ( 1940 and 1943 ) . After missing two full seasons while serving in World War II , his career faded . In 1947 he divided his playing time between the Cubs and the New York Yankees , and he was a member of the Yankees team that won the 1947 World Series . He played his final game with the New York Giants in 1948 . In a 14-season career , Frey was a .269 hitter with 61 home runs , 549 RBI , 848 runs , 105 stolen bases , and a .359 on-base percentage in 1,535 games played . In 1961 Frey was inducted into the Cincinnati Reds Hall of Fame , and in 1969 , as part of the franchise 's 100th anniversary , was selected the Reds all-time second baseman . Frey died in Coeur d'Alene , Idaho , at the age of 99 . At the time of his death , he was recognized as the second-oldest living major league ballplayer , the oldest living All-Star , and the last living player to play for all three New York baseball teams in the 1930s and 1940s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f0ed9d9d8af3b790699bd6ab2fec53f7", "text": "Murderers' Row Murderers ' Row were the baseball teams of the New York Yankees in the late 1920s , widely considered one of the best teams in history . The nickname is in particular describing the first six hitters in the 1927 team lineup : Earle Combs , Mark Koenig , Babe Ruth , Lou Gehrig , Bob Meusel , and Tony Lazzeri .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "27fd1cfea9f4212e4d76e8c9107be288", "text": "List of St. Louis Cardinals team records The St. Louis Cardinals , a professional baseball franchise based in St. Louis , Missouri , compete in the National League ( NL ) of Major League Baseball ( MLB ) . in 1892 . Before joining the NL , they were also a charter member of the American Association ( AA ) from 1882 to 1891 . Although St. Louis has been the Cardinals ' home city for the franchise 's entire existence , they were also known as the Brown Stockings , Browns , and Perfectos . In 134 seasons , the franchise has won more than 10,000 regular season games and appeared in 27 postseasons while claiming 12 interleague championships , tying one other , and 23 league pennants . 11 of the interleague championships are World Series titles won under the modern format since 1903 ; the other championship and tie occurred in 1885 -- 1886 . 19 of the league pennants are NL pennants , and the other four are AA pennants . Their 11 World Series titles represent the most in the NL and are second in MLB only to the New York Yankees ' 27 . Notable players have defined , in part , the Cardinals ' success and history . Stan Musial owns the most career batting records with 22 . Rogers Hornsby owns the most single-season records with 11 . Bob Gibson owns the most career pitching records with 18 . Silver King owns the most single-season pitching records with nine .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bfe81724965e80d9b5787c4ce7f82f3c", "text": "Sports betting Sports betting is the activity of predicting sports results and placing a wager on the outcome . The frequency of sports bet upon varies by culture , with the vast majority of bets being placed on association football , American football , basketball , baseball , hockey , mixed martial arts , track cycling , and boxing at both the amateur and professional levels . Sports betting can also extend to non-athletic events , such as reality show contests and political elections , and non-human contests such as horse racing , greyhound racing and illegal , underground dog fighting . Sports bettors place their wagers either legally , through a bookmaker/sportsbook , or illegally through privately run enterprises referred to as `` bookies '' . The term `` book '' being a reference to the books used by wagebrokers to track wagers , payouts , and debts . The majority of legal sportsbooks are found online , operated over the internet from jurisdictions separate from the clients they serve , usually to get around various gambling laws ( such as the Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act of 2006 in the United States ) in select markets , such as Las Vegas , Nevada , or on gambling cruises through self-serve kiosks . They take bets `` up-front '' , meaning the bettor must pay the sportsbook before placing the bet . Illegal bookies , due to the nature of their business , can operate literally anywhere but only require money from losing bettors and do n't require the wagered money up front , creating the possibility of debt to the bookie from the bettor . This creates a number of other criminal elements , thus furthering their illegality . Sportsbetting has resulted in a number of scandals in sport , affecting the integrity of sports events through various acts including point shaving ( players affecting the score by missing shots ) , spot-fixing ( a player action is fixed ) , bad calls from officials at key moments , and overall match fixing ( the overall result of the event is fixed ) . Examples are the 1919 World Series , the alleged ( and later admitted ) illegal gambling of former MLB player Pete Rose , and former NBA referee Tim Donaghy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab47e1b0c91b327cd47df76fa2901e22", "text": "The Glory of Their Times The Glory of Their Times : The Story of the Early Days of Baseball Told by the Men Who Played It is a book , edited by Lawrence Ritter , telling the stories of early 20th century baseball . It is widely acclaimed as one of the great books written about baseball .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "39448a656cbe89e3af6894bdfb03731a", "text": "Elias Sports Bureau The Elias Sports Bureau ( ESB ) is a company providing historical and current statistical information for sports , especially for major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada . In 1913 , Al Munro Elias and his brother Walter established the Al Munro Elias Bureau in New York City . At first they sold printed scorecards with baseball data directly to fans , until The Telegram daily newspaper purchased their weekly compilation of `` averages '' in 1916 . Elias was appointed official statistician of the National League and International League in 1919 with the American League and other minor leagues to follow . In 1937 , the Elias brothers assumed publication of Charley White 's Record Book , the so-called Little Red Book , after the death of its originator . It became an official ( authorized ) source for major league records . In 1938 , the Bureau began producing the Pocket Cyclopedia of Major League Baseball , and for many years published the official Green Book , the National League 's annual summary . After the Elias brothers died in the 1940s , the company was managed by Lester Goodman . Seymour Siwoff , who had worked for the Elias brothers as a high school student before serving his country in World War II and earning the Purple Heart , returned to become the company 's accountant . In 1952 , after Lester Goodman 's sudden death , Seymour Siwoff purchased the company from the widows of the Elias brothers . The new company was renamed Elias Sports Bureau to better fulfill Siwoff 's vision of incorporating all professional sports , and Siwoff took the company into the computer age . Under Siwoff 's leadership for over 60 years and to the present , ESB has become the leading authority on sports statistics . Originally official statistician of Major League Baseball , Siwoff was able to add to this distinction the National Football League , the National Basketball Association , the National Hockey League , Major League Soccer , and the Arena Football League . More recently , ESB added pro-women 's basketball ( WNBA ) and pro-golf to its list of league clientele . ESB also is a primary source of statistics for national newspapers , magazines and websites , as well as dozens of broadcasters of MLB , NBA and NHL telecasts . With Sporting News having phased out its record book publishing business during 2007 , The Elias Book of Baseball Records appears to be the sole hard-copy source of official baseball records . This book is available only through the company website . Steve Hirdt , executive vice-president , added his skills as a sports writer . His first venture was writing for ESPN 's Page2 website for a brief time . Later , he moved to a column for ESPN The Magazine . The column is entitled `` Do the Math '' and focuses on sports statistics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "65f489c2936193ce6c90f562419457c2", "text": "Silver King (baseball) Silver King ( January 11 , 1868 -- May 21 , 1938 ) , born Charles Frederick Koenig in St. Louis , Missouri , was a Major League Baseball player from 1886 through 1897 . In a 10-year career , spent primarily as a pitcher , King played for Jacksonville Illinois ( 1885 ) and St. Joseph Missouri in the Western League ( 1886 ) , the Kansas City Cowboys ( 1886 ) , St. Louis Browns ( 1887 ) , Chicago Pirates ( 1890 ) , Pittsburgh Pirates ( 1891 ) , New York Giants ( 1892 -- 93 ) , Cincinnati Reds ( 1893 ) , and Washington Senators ( 1896 -- 97 ) . The first part of King 's nickname was a reference to the color of his hair , while the latter part was a translation of his German surname . King was an unusual pitcher for his time . Gripping the ball with unusually large hands , he delivered the ball without a windup . He also was one of the first pitchers in major league history to employ a sidearm delivery . The unconventional methods worked , as he went on to pitch 3,190 innings , winning 203 games with 1229 strikeouts and a 3.18 earned run average in 397 games . His strong fastball enabled him to become a notable strikeout artist ; he finished among the league 's top 10 in that category six times . King 's best season came in 1888 , when he led the Browns to their fourth consecutive American Association championship . That year , King led the league with 585 innings pitched in 66 games , 45 wins , and a 1.64 ERA . In 1890 , he jumped to Chicago of the Players ' League and added another ERA title while winning 30 games . On June 21 , 1890 , King threw a no-hitter for Chicago , the only one in the league 's one-year history . ( King lost 1 -- 0 , and pitched only eight innings in the loss , so this game is not officially recognized by MLB as a no-hitter . ) After baseball , King returned to his native St. Louis . He died in 1938 , at age 70 , and was laid to rest at New St. Marcus Cemetery in St. Louis .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "594486c2c4983eedb7765d714921a6c0", "text": "Heinie Kappel Henry `` Heinie '' Kappel ( September 1863 -- August 27 , 1905 ) was an American infielder in Major League Baseball who was born and died in Philadelphia . Kappel played three seasons in the major leagues with the Cincinnati Red Stockings ( 1887 -- 1888 ) and the Columbus Solons ( 1889 ) . Kappel played in 105 games : 49 games at shortstop , 33 at third base , and 16 at second base . As a batter , he had 54 hits , 51 runs batted in , and a .269 career batting average . `` Heinie '' was a popular nickname for German baseball players in the early part of the 20th century ; in fact , 22 Heinies have played in the major leagues , and Kappel was the first . The others are : Heinie Beckendorf , 1909 -- 1910 ; Heinie Berger , 1907 -- 1910 ; Heinie Elder , 1913 -- 1913 ; Heinie Groh , 1912 -- 1927 , known for his use of the `` bottle bat '' ; Heinie Heitmuller , 1909 -- 1910 ; Heinie Heltzel , 1943 -- 1944 ; Heinie Jantzen , 1912 -- 1912 ; Heinie Manush , 1923 -- 1939 , the only Hall of Famer ; Heinie Meine 1922 -- 1934 , also known as `` The Count of Luxemburg '' ; Heinie Mueller , 1920 -- 1935 ; Heinie Mueller , 1938 -- 1941 ; Heinie Odom , 1925 -- 1925 ; Heinie Peitz , 1892 -- 1913 ; Heinie Reitz , 1893 -- 1899 ; Heinie Sand , 1923 -- 1928 ; Heinie Scheer , 1922 -- 1923 ; Heinie Schuble , 1927 -- 1936 ; Heinie Smith , 1897 -- 1903 ; Heinie Stafford , 1916 -- 1916 ; Heinie Wagner , 1902 -- 1918 ; and Heinie Zimmerman , 1907 -- 1919 , implicated in the Chicago `` Black Sox '' scandal .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "578b85e3b9e54208386d40174613c9d5", "text": "1926 St. Louis Cardinals season The 1926 St. Louis Cardinals season was the team 's 45th season in St. Louis , Missouri and their 35th in the National League . The Cardinals went 89 -- 65 during the season and finished first in the National League , winning their first National League pennant . In the World Series , they defeated the New York Yankees in 7 games , ending it by throwing out Babe Ruth at second base in the ninth-inning of Game 7 to preserve a 3 -- 2 victory . This was Rogers Hornsby 's only full season as manager for the team . Catcher Bob O'Farrell won the MVP Award this year , batting .293 , with 7 home runs and 68 RBIs . Led by RBI champion Jim Bottomley , the offense scored the most runs in the NL .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "38bcbaf1b9edd28f723226e243be16bd", "text": "Bud Selig Allan Huber `` Bud '' Selig ( -LSB- ˈsiːlᵻɡ -RSB- born July 30 , 1934 ) is an American baseball executive who currently serves as the Commissioner Emeritus of Baseball . Previously , he served as the ninth Commissioner of Baseball . He initially served as the acting commissioner beginning in 1992 before being named the official commissioner in 1998 . Selig oversaw baseball through the 1994 strike , the introduction of the wild card , interleague play , and the merging of the National and American Leagues under the Office of the Commissioner . He was instrumental in organizing the World Baseball Classic in 2006 . Selig also introduced revenue sharing . He is credited for the financial turnaround of baseball during his tenure with a 400 percent increase in the revenue of MLB and annual record breaking attendance . Selig enjoys a high level of support from baseball owners . Jerome Holtzman , MLB 's official historian from 1999 until his death in 2008 , believed Selig to be the best commissioner in baseball history . During Selig 's term of service , the use of steroids and other performance-enhancing drugs became a public issue . The Mitchell Report , commissioned by Selig , concluded that the MLB commissioners , club officials , the Players Association , and the players all share `` to some extent in the responsibility for the steroid era . '' Following the release of the Mitchell Report , Congressman Cliff Stearns called publicly for Selig to step down as commissioner , citing his `` glacial response '' to the `` growing stain on baseball . '' Selig has pledged on numerous occasions to rid baseball of performance-enhancing drugs , and has overseen and instituted many rule changes and penalties to that end . Selig was previously the team owner and team president of the Milwaukee Brewers . As a Milwaukee native , he is credited for keeping baseball in Milwaukee . In 1970 , he purchased the Seattle Pilots in bankruptcy court and renamed them the Milwaukee Brewers after the minor league team of the same name he had watched in his youth , which existed until the arrival of the Braves in Milwaukee in 1953 . The Brewers went to the 1982 World Series and won seven organization of the year awards during his tenure . Selig remains a resident of Milwaukee . On January 17 , 2008 , Selig 's contract was extended through 2012 , after which he planned to retire , but he then decided to stay as commissioner until the end of the 2014 season , a move approved by the owners on January 12 , 2012 , which would take his leadership past his 80th birthday . Selig made $ 14.5 million in the 12-month period ending October 31 , 2005 . Selig announced on September 26 , 2013 , that he would retire in January 2015 . On January 22 , 2015 , MLB announced that Selig would formally step down from the office when his current term expired on January 24 , 2015 . On December 4 , 2016 it was announced Selig was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d42daafed133c58aea436bd74f59e2a", "text": "Gene Mauch Gene William Mauch ( November 18 , 1925 -- August 8 , 2005 ) was an American professional baseball player and manager . He played in Major League Baseball as a second baseman for the Brooklyn Dodgers ( 1944 , 1948 ) , Pittsburgh Pirates ( 1947 ) , Chicago Cubs ( 1948 -- 49 ) , Boston Braves ( 1950 -- 51 ) , St. Louis Cardinals ( 1952 ) and the Boston Red Sox ( 1956 -- 57 ) . Mauch was best known for managing four teams from 1960 to 1987 . He is by far the winningest manager to have never won a league pennant ( breaking the record formerly held by Jimmy Dykes ) , three times coming within a single victory . He managed the Philadelphia Phillies ( 1960 -- 68 ) , Montreal Expos ( 1969 -- 75 , as their inaugural manager ) , Minnesota Twins ( 1976 -- 80 ) , and California Angels ( 1981 -- 82 , 1985 -- 87 ) . His 1,902 career victories ranked 8th in major league history when he retired , and his 3,942 total games ranked 4th . He gained a reputation for playing a distinctive `` small ball '' style , which emphasized defense , speed and base-to-base tactics on offense rather than power hitting .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0eddcc14132e4c22813182c97f604a5c", "text": "Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, 1956 Elections to the Baseball Hall of Fame for 1956 followed a system that had been the object of criticism and reform in recent years , which would continue that summer . The Veterans Committee was meeting only in odd-number years to consider older major league players as well as managers , umpires , and executives . The Baseball Writers Association of America ( BBWAA ) voted by mail to select from recent players and elected two , Joe Cronin and Hank Greenberg .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "086fce0eecd2ca83c0a16a45f7027108", "text": "Ed Irvin William Edward Irvin ( 1882 - February 5 , 1916 ) was a 30-year-old replacement player in one game for the Detroit Tigers on May 18 , 1912 , after the regular team went on strike to protest the suspension of Ty Cobb , following Cobb 's attack on a handicapped fan in New York . Irvin had two triples in three at-bats against the Philadelphia Athletics . He shares the record with Cecil Bolton for most triples in a career with no other hits at two . Irvin was the only member of the replacement Tigers to get a hit in a 24-2 loss , although two members of the coaching staff ( Deacon McGuire and Joe Sugden ) , who were pressed into service for that game , each got one hit . Irvin 's performance at third base was not as strong , as , despite being charged with only one error , Allan Travers , the pitcher for the replacement Tigers , later recalled : `` I was doing fine until they started bunting . The guy playing third base had never played baseball before . '' Irvin finished with a .500 fielding percentage at third base , and a .667 batting average , 2.000 slugging percentage , and 2.667 OPS . A play about his life , `` The Perfect Hands of the Irresistible Ed '' was written by David James Brock . -LSB- 2 -RSB- According to The Baseball Necrology , Irvin died in 1916 from injuries suffered when he was `` thrown through a saloon window '' in Philadelphia . ( The Baseball Necrology : The Post-Baseball Lives and Deaths of Over 7,600 Major League Players and Others , by Bill Lee . )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9352c36ff948e07355480d89ffa78f15", "text": "Labatt Park Labatt Memorial Park ( formerly Tecumseh Park , 1877 -- 1936 ) is a baseball stadium near the forks of the Thames River in central London , Ontario , Canada . It is 8.7 acre in size , has 5,200 seats and a natural grass field . From home plate to centre field the distance is 402 ft ; from home plate to left and right field down the lines , it is 330 ft. Labatt Park is the `` oldest continually operating baseball grounds in the world '' , with a history dating back to 1877 . Since December 31 , 1936 , Labatt Park has been owned by the City of London . On September 7 , 2011 , Baseball Canada announced that historic Labatt Memorial Park in London , Ontario , had won its six-week-long , favourite ballpark contest , winning the final round where it went head-to-head with Port Arthur Stadium in Thunder Bay , Ontario . During the two-week-long , final round of online voting , where more than 19,000 votes were cast , Labatt Park won with 63 per cent of the vote . However , Fuller Field in Clinton , Massachusetts made it into the Guinness Book of World Records in September 2007 as the `` world 's oldest continually used baseball diamond / field '' , dating back to 1878 -- a year after Tecumseh Park-Labatt Park opened in 1877 -- as Fuller Field 's home plate and bases have purportedly remained in the same location since 1878 , whereas home plate at Labatt Park has been moved ( within the same field ) from its original location in 1877 . In September 2008 , however , Labatt Park replaced Clinton , Massachusetts ' Fuller Field in the 2009 Guinness Book of World Records ( page 191 ) as the `` World 's Oldest Baseball Diamond . '' Although it has flip flopped in the past , as of January 4 , 2016 , Guinness 's online record for the World 's Oldest Baseball Diamond also states Labatt Park , London , Ontario . World 's Oldest Baseball Field On May 30 , 1994 , the park was designated by London City Council under Part IV of the Ontario Heritage Act as an historic site via by-Law No . L.S.P.-3237-544 , with the ceremonial plaque unveiling at the front gates of the park occurring on July 1 ( Canada Day ) , 1994 , prior to a doubleheader between the London Majors and Toronto Maple Leafs of the Intercounty Baseball League . The park 's designation occurred after a six-month-long lobbying effort spearheaded by the volunteer , non-profit organization , The Friends of Labatt Park , which has undertaken a number of initiatives during the past 21 years to enhance and promote the ballpark , its history and ambience . A possible new stadium for the Montreal Expos was proposed ( to replace the aging Montreal Olympic Stadium which the Expos had called home since the 1970s ) , also to be named Labatt Park . However , plans for the new stadium were shelved when the necessary public funding could not be secured .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e3818f31e3fe92b02cac3b5d9a930b02", "text": "List of Kansas City Royals no-hitters The Kansas City Royals are a Major League Baseball franchise based in Kansas City , Missouri . Formed in 1969 , they play in the American League Central division . Pitchers for the Royals have thrown 4 no-hitters in franchise history . A no-hitter is officially recognized by Major League Baseball only `` when a pitcher ( or pitchers ) retires each batter on the opposing team during the entire course of a game , which consists of at least nine innings '' . No-hitters of less than nine complete innings were previously recognized by the league as official ; however , several rule alterations in 1991 changed the rule to its current form . A no-hitter is rare enough that one team in Major League Baseball , the San Diego Padres , has never had a pitcher accomplish the feat . No perfect games , a special subcategory of no-hitter , have been thrown in Royals history . As defined by Major League Baseball , `` in a perfect game , no batter reaches any base during the course of the game . '' The umpire is also an integral part of any no-hitter . The task of the umpire in a baseball game is to make any decision `` which involves judgment , such as , but not limited to , whether a batted ball is fair or foul , whether a pitch is a strike or a ball , or whether a runner is safe or out ... -LSB- the umpire 's judgment on such matters -RSB- is final . '' Part of the duties of the umpire making calls at home plate includes defining the strike zone , which `` is defined as that area over homeplate ( sic ) the upper limit of which is a horizontal line at the midpoint between the top of the shoulders and the top of the uniform pants , and the lower level is a line at the hollow beneath the kneecap . '' These calls define every baseball game and are therefore integral to the completion of any no-hitter . The manager is another integral part of any no-hitter . The tasks of the manager include determining the starting rotation as well as batting order and defensive lineup every game .", "title": "" } ]	fever
e05f43ddb1c73bd087619c71f2ad9be0	The Man with the Iron Fists stars an actor.	[ { "docid": "18d2ecceba8b3a5958935ef0eb64118b", "text": "The Man with the Iron Fists The Man with the Iron Fists is a 2012 American martial arts film directed by RZA and written by RZA and Eli Roth . The film stars RZA , Russell Crowe , Cung Le , Lucy Liu , Byron Mann , Rick Yune , Dave Bautista , and Jamie Chung . Set in 19th century China , the story follows a series of lone warriors who are forced to unite to defeat a common foe and save their home of Jungle Village . Development began in 2005 when RZA shared his idea for the film with Roth . After nearly two years of development , Roth and RZA secured financial backing in May 2010 . Filming began in December 2010 on a $ 15 million budget and concluded by March 2011 . The film was shot in Shanghai and at other locations in China . RZA and Howard Drossin composed the film 's musical score , and RZA produced its soundtrack , which featured several new songs by various artists . A series of concerts featuring music from the soundtrack were held to promote the film . The film was released in North America on November 2 , 2012 . Critics were divided over the film 's homage to martial arts films , considering it well-choreographed and representative of the genre , but offering nothing original , and the direction was criticized for a lack of refinement . The performances of Crowe and Mann were well received . The film earned $ 19 million at the box office .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "23310c7c60719b3024f8237e71d19ee2", "text": "Rick Yune Rick Yune ( born August 22 , 1971 ) is an American actor , screenwriter , producer , martial artist and former model . His most notable roles have been in the movies Snow Falling on Cedars , the first Fast and Furious film The Fast and the Furious , and in the James Bond movie Die Another Day . He was part of the main cast of the Netflix original series Marco Polo until the series was cancelled on December 12 , 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5e2968f57a74ea360d4af130e359a004", "text": "Byron Mann Byron Mann is a Chinese American actor who has made films in Hollywood , Hong Kong and Mainland China . He is perhaps best known for his performances as Mr. Chau in The Big Short , Chang in Hell on Wheels , Ryu in Street Fighter , Silver Lion in The Man with the Iron Fists and Yao Fei in the first season of Arrow .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c0e2ec59b233827fc61a880aa91083ac", "text": "Dave Bautista David Michael Bautista Jr. ( born January 18 , 1969 ) is an American actor , semi-retired professional wrestler , former mixed martial artist , and bodybuilder . From 2000 to 2010 and 2013 to 2014 , he was signed to WWE under the ring name Batista , where he became a six-time world champion , winning WWE 's World Heavyweight Championship four times and the WWE Championship twice . He holds the record for the longest reign as World Heavyweight Champion at 282 days , and has also won the World Tag Team Championship three times ( twice with Ric Flair and once with John Cena ) and the WWE Tag Team Championship once ( with Rey Mysterio ) . He was the winner of the 2005 Royal Rumble match and went on to headline WrestleMania 21 , one of the top five highest-grossing pay-per-view events in professional wrestling history . When Bautista returned to WWE in 2014 , he won the 2014 Royal Rumble match , after which he headlined WrestleMania XXX . In August 2012 , Bautista signed a contract with Classic Entertainment & Sports to fight in mixed martial arts . He won his MMA debut on October 6 , 2012 , defeating Vince Lucero via TKO in the first round . He was representing the Philippines during the fight . Bautista first entered the world of acting in 2006 . As an actor , Bautista has starred in The Man with the Iron Fists ( 2012 ) , Riddick ( 2013 ) , as Drax in Guardians of the Galaxy ( 2014 ) , the 24th James Bond film , Spectre ( 2015 ) , L.A. Slasher ( 2015 ) , the 2016 Kickboxer reboot , Kickboxer : Vengeance , and Guardians of the Galaxy Vol . 2 ( 2017 ) . Bautista is set to reprise his character Drax in Avengers : Infinity War ( 2018 ) . He has also appeared in several direct-to-video films since 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b2977c44f8c9af1a7d54a490b6aaadc7", "text": "RZA Robert Fitzgerald Diggs ( born July 5 , 1969 ) , better known by his stage name RZA ( -LSB- ˈrɪzə -RSB- ) , is an American rapper , record producer , musician , actor , filmmaker and author . A prominent figure in hip hop , RZA is the de facto leader of the Wu-Tang Clan . He has produced almost all of Wu-Tang Clan 's albums as well as many Wu-Tang solo and affiliate projects . He is a cousin of the late group-mate Ol' Dirty Bastard and GZA ( who also formed the group with RZA ) . He has also released solo albums under the alter-ego Bobby Digital , along with executive producing credits for side projects . In addition to the Wu-Tang Clan and his solo releases , RZA was also a founding member of the horrorcore group Gravediggaz where he used the name The RZArector . Furthermore , he has acted in several movies , including Coffee and Cigarettes , American Gangster , Gospel Hill , Life Is Hot in Cracktown , Ghost Dog , Funny People , Derailed , Due Date and Repo Men . He also appeared in the Showtime TV series Californication . His directorial debut is for the film he co-wrote and in which he plays the title role , The Man with the Iron Fists , also starring Russell Crowe . The magazine The Source placed him on its list of the 20 greatest producers in the magazine 's twenty-year history . He also made the `` Elite 8 '' in the search for The Greatest Hip-Hop Producer of All Time by Vibe . NME placed him on their list of the 50 Greatest Producers Ever .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2fc4c6ed2b4a59da360339bb06b5cb5d", "text": "Cung Le Cung Le ( Lê Cung born May 25 , 1972 ) is a Vietnamese-American actor , retired mixed martial artist and Sanshou kickboxer . He competed as a middleweight in the Ultimate Fighting Championship ( UFC ) , holding a record of 2 -- 2 with the organization . In Sanshou , he is a former International Kickboxing Federation Light Heavyweight World Champion , having a professional Sanshou record of 16 -- 0 before moving to mixed martial arts ( Le also held a kickboxing record of 17 -- 0 ) . He defeated Frank Shamrock to become the second Strikeforce Middleweight Champion before vacating the title to further pursue his acting career . Le is perhaps best known in mixed martial arts for competing in Strikeforce , holding a record of 7 -- 1 with the organization before its demise .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8fcf7e96686a8d568846a2f04da1ed21", "text": "Russell Crowe Russell Ira Crowe ( born 7 April 1964 ) is an actor , film producer and musician . Although a New Zealand citizen , he has lived most of his life in Australia . He came to international attention for his role as the Roman General Maximus Decimus Meridius in the 2000 historical epic film Gladiator , directed by Ridley Scott , for which Crowe won an Academy Award for Best Actor , a Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Actor , an Empire Award for Best Actor and a London Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actor and 10 further nominations for best actor . Crowe appeared as the tobacco firm whistle blower Jeffrey Wigand in the 1999 film The Insider , for which he received five awards as best actor and seven nominations in the same category . In 2001 , Crowe 's portrayal of mathematician and Nobel Prize winner John F. Nash in the biopic A Beautiful Mind brought him numerous awards , including a BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role , a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Motion Picture Drama and a Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role . Crowe 's other films include Romper Stomper ( 1992 ) , L.A. Confidential ( 1997 ) , Master and Commander : The Far Side of the World ( 2003 ) , Cinderella Man ( 2005 ) , American Gangster ( 2007 ) , State of Play ( 2009 ) , Robin Hood ( 2010 ) , Les Misérables ( 2012 ) , Man of Steel ( 2013 ) and Noah ( 2014 ) . Crowe 's work has earned him several accolades during his career and including a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame , three consecutive Academy Award nominations ( 1999 -- 2001 ) , one Golden Globe Award for Best Actor , one BAFTA , and an Academy Award . Crowe is also the co-owner of the South Sydney Rabbitohs , an Australian National Rugby League team .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "c2d0ef70a746c4d3a374cc98e444b9a0", "text": "David Yelland (actor) David William Yelland ( born 1947 ) is an English film , stage and television actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3f504157d782cb5d9668b4ed75f05745", "text": "Antonio Fargas Antonio Juan Fargas ( born August 14 , 1946 ) is an American actor known for his roles in 1970s blaxploitation movies , as well as his portrayal of Huggy Bear in the 1970s TV series Starsky & Hutch .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f5067aaab83726ee338b3c669acd0431", "text": "Anthony Mackie Anthony Dwane Mackie ( born September 23 , 1978 ) is an American actor . He has been featured in feature films , television series , and Broadway and Off-Broadway plays , including Ma Rainey 's Black Bottom , Drowning Crow , McReele , A Soldier 's Play , and Carl Hancock Rux 's Talk , for which he won an Obie Award in 2002 . In 2002 , he was featured in Eminem 's debut film , 8 Mile . He was nominated for Independent Spirit Award for Best Actor for his role in Brother to Brother . His second nomination was for Best Supporting Actor at the 2009 Independent Spirit Awards for his role in The Hurt Locker . In 2014 , he joined the Marvel Cinematic Universe as Sam Wilson / Falcon , making his first appearance in Captain America : The Winter Soldier , and reprising the role in Avengers : Age of Ultron , Ant-Man , and Captain America : Civil War . In May 2016 , he co-starred in the HBO TV film All the Way as Martin Luther King Jr. , opposite Bryan Cranston , who was reprising his Tony Award-winning performance as President Lyndon B. Johnson in the play of the same name .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c0e4812a7ce10d2cf8beca649ea1d36", "text": "Lee Majors Lee Majors ( born Harvey Lee Yeary ; April 23 , 1939 ) is an American film , television and voice actor . Majors is best known for portraying the roles of Heath Barkley in the American television Western series The Big Valley ( 1965 -- 1969 ) , Colonel Steve Austin in the American television science fiction action series The Six Million Dollar Man ( 1973 -- 1978 ) , and Colt Seavers in American television action series The Fall Guy ( 1981 -- 1986 ) . In the television series The Six Million Dollar Man , Steve Austin takes on special high-risk government missions using his superhuman bionic powers . The television character Steve Austin became a pop culture icon of the 1970s . Majors reprised the role of Colonel Steve Austin in several bionic reunion television movies in the late 1980s and 1990s . He appeared in a number of supporting , recurring and cameo roles in feature films and television series , and lent his voice to a number of animated TV series and video games .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e989bc91af6abf5caff5f49730fa1566", "text": "Bamboo Gods and Iron Men Bamboo Gods and Iron Men is a martial arts comedy set in the Philippines . It is considered a blaxploitation film . It was produced by American International Pictures . It also featured Filipino actors , Chiquito , Vic Diaz , and Eddie Garcia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4e29517648c01e1e581e4268fd7e95f", "text": "Die Hard with a Vengeance Die Hard with a Vengeance is a 1995 American action film and the third in the Die Hard film series . It was co-produced and directed by John McTiernan ( who directed Die Hard ) , written by Jonathan Hensleigh , and stars Bruce Willis as New York City Police Department Lieutenant John McClane , Samuel L. Jackson as McClane 's reluctant partner Zeus Carver , and Jeremy Irons as Simon Peter Gruber . It was released on May 19 , 1995 , five years after Die Hard 2 , becoming the highest-grossing film at the worldwide box-office that year , but received mixed reviews . It was followed by Live Free or Die Hard and A Good Day to Die Hard in 2007 and 2013 , respectively .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "12da3888a98eaad146fbfed53ec93b99", "text": "Vincent Zhao Vincent Zhao Wenzhuo ( born 10 April 1972 ) , sometimes credited as Vincent Chiu or Chiu Man-cheuk , is a Chinese actor and martial artist . Zhao is best known for playing the Chinese folk hero Wong Fei-hung in the Once Upon a Time in China film and television series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5bc1784cfe103381fbbcf8bbb694e699", "text": "Joseph D. Reitman Joseph David Reitman ( born May 25 , 1968 ) is an American actor , film producer , film director , and writer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18d70b10763d2726dfdb3aaf6a2e4c78", "text": "Doug Jones (actor) Doug Jones ( born May 24 , 1960 ) is an American actor and former contortionist known for roles in the science fiction , fantasy , and horror genres , often wearing heavy makeup to play nonhuman characters . He is perhaps best known for his collaborations with filmmaker Guillermo del Toro , starring in Mimic , as Abe Sapien in Hellboy and Hellboy II : The Golden Army , the Faun and the Pale Man in Pan 's Labyrinth , Crimson Peak and The Shape of Water . He has appeared in films such as Tank Girl , Hocus Pocus and The Bye Bye Man . He also portrayed the titular Silver Surfer in the superhero film Fantastic Four : Rise of the Silver Surfer , as well as appearing in the TV series Falling Skies , Buffy the Vampire Slayer and del Toro 's The Strain . He is currently a series regular in Star Trek : Discovery , as Lt. Saru .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2e6c8ab3f7b715f4791f2a016593be4c", "text": "Marton Csokas Marton Paul Csokas ( Csókás Márton , -LSB- ˈt͡ʃoːkaːʃ ˈmaːrton -RSB- ; born 30 June 1966 ) is a New Zealand actor of Hungarian descent . His notable roles include Celeborn in The Lord of the Rings film series ( 2001 -- 03 ) , Yorgi in xXx ( 2002 ) , Guy de Lusignan in Kingdom of Heaven ( 2005 ) , Trevor Goodchild in Æon Flux ( 2005 ) , Hora in Romulus , My Father ( 2007 ) , Nico in Dead Europe ( 2012 ) , Jack Barts in Abraham Lincoln : Vampire Hunter ( 2012 ) , Lieutenant Barnes in Pawn ( 2013 ) , and Nicolai Itchenko in The Equalizer ( 2014 ) . He is set to appear as former FBI Director L. Patrick Gray in the upcoming 2017 film The Silent Man .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93c4f3d9c3d67d067517bd71dbf9172b", "text": "Peter Greene Peter Greene ( born Peter Green ; October 8 , 1965 ) is an American character actor , generally known for playing villains .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a857179715723647d96b1f2b7e9d8bd7", "text": "Jan Tříska Jan Triska or Jan Tříska ( -LSB- ˈjan ˈtr̝̊iːska -RSB- ; 4 November 1936 ) is a Czech actor , most notable for portraying Captain Henry Wirz in the American television film Andersonville .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a0ab95b07216f9cefd824aece117c05e", "text": "Gary Cooper filmography The filmography of Gary Cooper chronicles the film appearances of American actor Gary Cooper . After starting his career in 1925 as a film extra and stuntman , Cooper made his official cinematic debut in 1926 in the Samuel Goldwyn production The Winning of Barbara Worth . He went on to become a contract player with Paramount Pictures where he established himself as a popular leading man prior to the end of the silent film era . Cooper 's future in the sound era was assured with the release of The Virginian ( 1929 ) , his first all-talkie film . For the next 32 years , he would be one of cinema 's top money-making stars . From 1936 to 1957 , Cooper ranked 18 times among the top ten box office attractions -- a record when he died in 1961 , and later surpassed only by John Wayne , who ranked among the top ten 25 times , Clint Eastwood ( 21 times ) and Tom Cruise ( 20 times ) . Cooper was nominated for the Best Actor Academy Award five times and won twice , for Sergeant York ( 1942 ) and High Noon ( 1952 ) . The latter film boosted his popularity , resulting in him being the number one box office attraction in 1953 . Cooper received a third Academy Award -- an honorary one -- just prior to his death in 1961 . His final film , The Naked Edge , was released shortly after his death . As of February 2008 , more than half of Gary Cooper 's feature films are available on DVD , while others not yet on home video are available for television broadcast . Unfortunately , at least two of his silent films -- Beau Sabreur ( 1928 ) and The Legion of the Condemned ( 1928 ) -- are now considered lost films . Another of his silent films , Wolf Song ( 1929 ) , was originally released as a part talkie , but survives only as a silent film . One of Cooper 's earliest talkies , Paramount on Parade ( 1930 ) , survives incomplete . The prints that are available for television are missing all but one of the film 's Technicolor scenes -- a partial restoration of these scenes was done by the UCLA Film Archives . This filmography contains sections for Cooper 's work as an extra in the earliest part of his film career , his feature film appearances , his occasional appearances in short films , and a section for a compilation film . Due to its length ( 92 films ) , the listing of his feature films is divided in four sections . Cooper 's film roles are listed , as well as the names of each film 's director and co-stars . Cooper 's awards and nominations are also listed . Except where noted , all of his films were shot in 35mm black and white . All films released prior to Lilac Time ( 1928 ) are silent films and all from The Virginian ( 1929 ) onward are sound films . The films made during the silent-to-sound transition are noted as being either silent or sound films . As an addendum , Cooper 's handful of television appearances are also listed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3b6e5cab2771353ca1929c6e8d1c0fd3", "text": "Jay Pickett Jay Pickett ( born February 10 , 1961 ) is an American actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b0a46e46313041d9ad968f6b52398f0e", "text": "Lukas Haas Lukas Daniel Haas ( born April 16 , 1976 ) is an American actor and musician . His acting career has spanned three decades , during which he has appeared in more than 50 feature films and a number of television shows and stage productions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7c0986866bb3010ff2ba89ef5bf71dba", "text": "The Iron-Fisted Monk The Iron-Fisted Monk is a 1977 Hong Kong martial arts film written and directed by Sammo Hung in his directorial debut , who also starred in the lead role . The film co-stars Chan Sing and James Tien . The film was released in the Hong Kong on 25 August 1977 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bdcd201f02f5ce3b46a9bf583e902744", "text": "Chris Sandford Christopher Duke Sandford ( born 6 June 1939 ) is a British actor . He appeared in more than fifty films since 1956 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6b5dff9513bf01faf58e4cffc28d57ad", "text": "Bill Raymond William Joseph `` Bill '' Raymond ( born September 9 , 1938 ) is an American actor who has appeared in film , television and theatre since the 1960s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c8bd06cf5e6819a86c35b94ef6f206c1", "text": "Michael J. Anderson Michael J. Anderson ( born October 31 , 1953 ) is an American actor known for his roles as The Man from Another Place in David Lynch 's television series Twin Peaks , the epilogue and prologue film of the series , Twin Peaks : Fire Walk with Me , and Samson Leonhart on the HBO series Carnivàle . He has the genetic disorder osteogenesis imperfecta , a disease that leads to frequent breaks in long bones and improper healing , leaving him with a shortened stature of 3 ft tall . Prior to his acting career , Anderson worked as a computer technician for Martin Marietta , working on the ground support system for NASA 's space shuttle . He appeared as himself in a 1984 documentary called Little Mike : A Videoportrait of Michael Anderson .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d368adc0893e893fca23c53eafe52e4", "text": "Under the Gun (1995 film) Under the Gun is a 1995 Australian action film starring Richard Norton . It was also known as Iron Fist .", "title": "" } ]	fever
9e658b596fad42fa19073ccf31a5b9e2	The Council on Foreign Relations is American.	[ { "docid": "6d6649cea5cc611aef30e944b41f16eb", "text": "Council on Foreign Relations The Council on Foreign Relations ( CFR ) , founded in 1921 , is a United States nonprofit think tank specializing in U.S. foreign policy and international affairs . It is headquartered in New York City , with an additional office in Washington , D.C. Its membership , which numbers 4,900 , has included senior politicians , more than a dozen secretaries of state , CIA directors , bankers , lawyers , professors , and senior media figures . The CFR promotes globalization , free trade , reducing financial regulations on transnational corporations , and economic consolidation into regional blocs such as NAFTA or the European Union , and develops policy recommendations that reflect these goals . The CFR meetings convene government officials , global business leaders and prominent members of the intelligence and foreign-policy community to discuss international issues . CFR publishes the bi-monthly journal Foreign Affairs , and runs the David Rockefeller Studies Program , which influences foreign policy by making recommendations to the presidential administration and diplomatic community , testifying before Congress , interacting with the media , and publishing on foreign policy issues .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "44319aeed550eb80759561f036b23451", "text": "Foreign Policy Association The Foreign Policy Association ( formerly known as the League of Free Nations Association ) is a non-profit organization founded in 1918 dedicated to inspiring the American public to learn more about the world . The Foreign Policy Association aims to spread global awareness and understanding of foreign policy issues . Its President is Noel Lateef .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4737377f03c9e19a92e6c118c1c4c7e4", "text": "The Israel Lobby and U.S. Foreign Policy The Israel Lobby and U.S. Foreign Policy is a book by John Mearsheimer , Professor of Political Science at the University of Chicago , and Stephen Walt , Professor of International Relations at the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University , published in late August 2007 . It was a New York Times Best Seller . The book describes the lobby as a `` loose coalition of individuals and organizations who actively work to steer U.S. foreign policy in a pro-Israel direction '' . The book `` focuses primarily on the lobby 's influence on U.S. foreign policy and its negative effect on American interests '' . The authors also argue that `` the lobby 's impact has been unintentionally harmful to Israel as well '' . Both Mearsheimer and Walt argue that although `` the boundaries of the Israel lobby can not be identified precisely '' , it `` has a core consisting of organizations whose declared purpose is to encourage the U.S. government and the American public to provide material aid to Israel and to support its government 's policies , as well as influential individuals for whom these goals are also a top priority '' . They note that `` not every American with a favorable attitude to Israel is part of the lobby '' , and that although `` the bulk of the lobby is Jewish Americans '' , there are many American Jews who are not part of the lobby , and the lobby also includes Christian Zionists . They also claim a drift of important groups in `` the lobby '' to the right , and overlap with the neoconservatives . The book was preceded by a paper commissioned by The Atlantic Monthly and written by Mearsheimer and Walt . The Atlantic Monthly rejected the paper , and it was published elsewhere . The paper attracted considerable controversy , both praise and criticism .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2916f186114c2fe273fcbcdce73d081a", "text": "James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy The James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy , also known as the Baker Institute , is an American think tank on the campus of Rice University in Houston , Texas . Founded in 1993 , it functions as a nonpartisan center for public policy research . According to the 2015 Global Go To Think Tank Index Report ( Think Tanks and Civil Societies Program , University of Pennsylvania ) , the institute is No. 18 ( of 60 ) in the `` Top Think Tanks in the United States '' and No. 4 ( of 45 ) of the `` Best University Affiliated Thanks '' . Its Center for Energy Studies is ranked No. 2 ( of 55 ) among the world 's energy - and resource-policy think tanks , according to the Think Tanks and Civil Societies Program 's 2015 Index Report . It is named for James A. Baker , III , former United States secretary of state and secretary of the Treasury . The institute 's director Edward P. Djerejian is the former United States ambassador to Israel and Syria and assistant secretary of state for Near Eastern Affairs . The institute 's board of advisors include William Barnett ( Chair ) , Colin Powell , Madeleine Albright and Rice University 's President David Leebron . The institute employs scholars and researchers from a variety of backgrounds . Its current research includes centers for different areas : The Center for the Middle East , The McNair Center for Entrepreneurship and Innovation , The Mexico Center , and The Center for Energy Studies . Other programs include China Studies , Drug Policy , Health Policy Forum , International Economics , Latin America Initiative , Politics and Elections , Religion and Public Policy , Space Policy , Science and Technology , and Tax and Expenditure Policy . The institute is a sponsoring organization for the Iraq Study Group . It is supported mainly by donor contributions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2e5b2712e580a686f5f0444f91829e21", "text": "GLIFAA GLIFAA ( formerly Gays and Lesbians in Foreign Affairs Agencies ) is the officially recognized organization representing lesbian , gay , bisexual and transgender etc. ( LGBT + ) personnel and their families in the United States Department of State , U.S. Agency for International Development ( USAID ) , Foreign Commercial Service , Foreign Agricultural Service , and other agencies and entities working in foreign affairs in the U.S. Government . The acronym comes from its original name , Gays and Lesbians in Foreign Affairs Agencies . As of 2014 , the organization goes by GLIFAA and uses the slogan `` LGBT + pride in foreign affairs agencies '' to underscore its inclusive composition . GLIFAA was founded in 1992 by fewer than a dozen employees who faced official harassment and potential loss of their jobs simply because of their sexual orientation . The organization has grown to hundreds of Foreign Service , Civil Service , and contract personnel and their families serving in Washington , throughout the U.S. , and at U.S. embassies and missions around the world . Members also include retirees and straight allies in government agencies , while other supporters are affiliate members . Among other accomplishments , GLIFAA succeeded in pressing for the issuance of a non-discrimination policy by Secretary of State Warren Christopher in 1993 , and worked with the U.S. Administration , the management of government agencies , and other employee associations to eliminate barriers for obtaining security clearances and create and implement non-discrimination policies with regard to entry and employment in the U.S. Foreign Service and Civil Service . In addition , the organization worked to improve the situation for the partners of LGBT U.S. Foreign Service personnel serving overseas . GLIFAA met with Secretaries of State Colin Powell , Condoleezza Rice , and Hillary Clinton .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f06b513c1d460baba1a4c95c22a987f1", "text": "Family Policy Council Family policy councils are groups that work to influence government policy on families . Most are nonprofit and volunteer-based , and most are within the United States or one particular state . However , several groups exist in the English-speaking world . Family policy councils may conduct policy analysis , foster strategic leadership involvement , promote an informed citizenry , provide resources for families , and seek to influence public opinion . Many family policy councils are conservative , religious , state-level organizations dedicated to the promotion of their ideals on family values ; many of these work closely with Focus on the Family and the Family Research Council and oppose same-sex marriage . Some also advocate on other issues , such as the Florida Family Policy Council against the teaching of evolution in public schools . There are also a number of more liberal family policy organizations that conduct similar operations to their conservative counterparts toward the promotion of rights and resources for different types of families , such as those formed by interracial parents , same-sex partners , and single parents .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7ab0eac62763cad1e1dc9280a9327427", "text": "Chicago Council on Global Affairs The Chicago Council on Global Affairs is a global affairs think tank , describing itself as `` an independent , nonpartisan organization that provides insight -- and influences the public discourse -- on critical global issues . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8703673131558db6181bf0edf875820d", "text": "American Committee on United Europe The American Committee on United Europe ( ACUE ) , founded in 1948 , was an American organization which sought to counter the Communist threat in Europe by promoting European political integration . Its first chairman was ex-wartime OSS head William Joseph Donovan . The vice-chairman was Allen Dulles . A board member was Walter Bedell Smith . The structure of the organisation was outlined in early summer of 1948 by Donovan and Allen Welsh Dulles by then also reviewing the organization of the Central Intelligence Agency ( CIA ) . in response to assistance requests by Richard von Coudenhove-Kalergi and Winston Churchill . Declassified American government documents have shown that the ACUE was an important early funder of both the European Movement and the European Youth Campaign . The ACUE itself received funding from the Rockefeller and Ford foundations . The U.S. policy was to promote a United States of Europe , and to this end the committee was used to discreetly funnel CIA funds - by the mid 50 's ACUE was receiving roughly $ 1,000,000 USD per year - to European pro-federalists supporting such organizations as the Council of Europe , the European Coal and Steel Community , and the proposed European Defence Community . The end of an article appearing in The Daily Telegraph in September 2000 noted that : `` The State Department also played a role . A memo from the European section , dated June 11 , 1965 , advises the vice-president of the European Economic Community , Robert Marjolin , to pursue monetary union by stealth . It recommends suppressing debate until the point at which `` adoption of such proposals would become virtually inescapable '' . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4b78afaf11d7dfee0c2b346bb0b0f04c", "text": "Financial Stability Oversight Council The Financial Stability Oversight Council ( FSOC ) is a United States federal government organization , established by Title I of the Dodd -- Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act , which was signed into law by President Barack Obama on July 21 , 2010 . The Office of Financial Research is intended to provide support to the council . The Dodd-Frank Act provides the Council with broad authorities to identify and monitor excessive risks to the U.S. financial system arising from the distress or failure of large , interconnected bank holding companies or non-bank financial companies , or from risks that could arise outside the financial system ; to eliminate expectations that any American financial firm is `` too big to fail '' ; and to respond to emerging threats to U.S. financial stability . The Act also designates the Secretary of the Treasury as Chairperson . Inherent to the FSOC 's role as a consultative council is facilitation of communication among financial regulators . The FSOC has the authority to set aside certain financial regulations published by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau if those rules would threaten financial stability .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a784efe4bc0ae5012c70ac50cff8e9f8", "text": "Foreign policy A country 's foreign policy , also called foreign relations or foreign affairs - policy , consists of self-interest strategies chosen by the state to safeguard its national interests and to achieve goals within its international relations milieu . The approaches are strategically employed to interact with other countries . The study of such strategies is called foreign policy analysis . In recent times , due to the deepening level of globalization and transnational activities , the states will also have to interact with non-state actors . The aforementioned interaction is evaluated and monitored in attempts to maximize benefits of multilateral international cooperation . Since the national interests are paramount , foreign policies are designed by the government through high-level decision making processes . National interests accomplishment can occur as a result of peaceful cooperation with other nations , or through exploitation . Usually , creating foreign policy is the job of the head of government and the foreign minister ( or equivalent ) . In some countries the legislature also has considerable effects . Foreign policies of countries have varying rates of change and scopes of intent , which can be affected by factors that change the perceived national interests or even affect the stability of the country itself . The foreign policy of one country can have profound and lasting impact on many other countries and on the course of international relations as a whole , such as the Monroe Doctrine conflicting with the mercantilist policies of 19th-century European countries and the goals of independence of newly formed Central American and South American countries .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3f64ade2c0396d8ab2f2fe7911c51e03", "text": "American Security Council Foundation The American Security Council Foundation ( ASCF ) is a non-profit organization founded by John M. Fisher that seeks to influence United States foreign policy by `` Promoting Peace Through Strength '' . ASCF 's current president is Dr. Henry A. Fischer . The ASCF was formed in 1958 , and was originally known as the Institute for American Strategy . For over 50 years the Foundation has focused on a wide range of educational programs which address critical challenges to U.S. foreign policy , national security , economic security and moral leadership of the United States of America . The ASCF headquarters is at 1250 24th Street NW , Suite 300 . On June 4 , 1997 the American Security Council , a separate organization initiated in September 1954 by Robert E. Wood , retired chairman of Sears Roebuck and Company , was merged into the American Security Council Foundation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "695ffd78a820b8d37ab3a32ddbbeba59", "text": "United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom The United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom ( known formally in the United Kingdom as Ambassador of the United States to the Court of St James 's ) is the official representative of the President and the Government of the United States of America to the Queen and Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland . The position is regarded as one of the most prestigious positions in the United States Foreign Service due to the so-called `` Special Relationship '' . The ambassadorship has been held by various notable politicians , including five who would later become presidents : John Adams , James Monroe , John Quincy Adams , Martin Van Buren and James Buchanan . However , the modern tendency of American presidents ( of both parties ) is to appoint keen political fundraisers from previous presidential campaigns , despite the importance and prestige of the office . The ambassador and the embassy staff at large work at the American Embassy in Grosvenor Square , London . The official residence of the ambassador is Winfield House in Regent 's Park . The post of ambassador is currently vacant ; however , President Trump has announced Woody Johnson as his choice for the post . As of May 18 , 2017 Johnson had not been formally nominated for confirmation by the US Senate . Lewis Lukens is currently serving as Chargé d'affaires-a . i. until Johnson is approved by the Senate . The most recent Ambassador was Matthew Barzun .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d26e32614e780773060ccba4704a3da7", "text": "Bureau of Public Affairs The Bureau of Public Affairs ( PA ) is the part of the United States Department of State that carries out the Secretary of State 's mandate to help Americans understand the importance of foreign policy . The Bureau is led by the Assistant Secretary of State for Public Affairs . The PA Bureau pursues the State Department 's mission to inform the American people and to feed their concerns and comments back to the policymakers . It accomplishes this in a variety of ways , which include : Strategic and tactical planning to advance the Administration 's priority foreign policy goals ; Conducting press briefings for domestic and foreign press corps ; Pursuing media outreach , enabling Americans everywhere to hear directly from key Department officials through local , regional and national media interviews ; Managing the State Department 's websites and developing web pages with up-to-date information about U.S. foreign policy ; Answering questions from the public about current foreign policy issues by phone , email , or letter ; Arranging town meetings and scheduling speakers to visit communities to discuss U.S. foreign policy and why it is important to all Americans ; Producing and coordinating audio-visual products and services in the U.S. and abroad for the public , the press , the Secretary of State , and Department bureaus and offices ; Preparing historical studies on U.S. diplomacy and foreign affairs matters .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dbb93cb27f614aff633068fad7ade344", "text": "American Russian Institute The American Russian Institute for Cultural Relations with the Soviet Union , previously known as the American Society for Cultural Relations with the Soviet Union , was identified by Attorney General of the United States Thomas C. Clark as a Communist front group in 1947 , and was so listed on the Attorney General 's List of Subversive Organizations for 1948 , in accordance with President Truman 's Executive Order 9835 . Among the members of the Executive Committee of the American Russian Institute was Edward C. Carter , chairman of Russian War Relief and the National Committee for Medical Aid to the Soviet Union , and general secretary of the Institute of Pacific Relations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0980710ebbf5219a120e6c882ff621a8", "text": "American Anglican Council The American Anglican Council is an organization of theologically conservative Anglicans from both the Anglican Church in North America ( ACNA ) and The Episcopal Church in the United States . According to its membership brochure , it was founded `` as a response to unbiblical teachings that crept into The Episcopal Church and the larger Anglican Communion . '' The organization believes that `` the Episcopal Church ( and a few other parts of the Anglican Communion , including the Anglican Church in Canada ) faces an extreme crisis of belief centered on the uniqueness of Jesus Christ as Savior and the authority of Scripture . This crisis has resulted in conflicts over specific behavior and practices that are informed by Scripture , including issues concerning human sexuality and marriage , though these issues are in reality symptoms of the deeper issues . '' In 2008 , the AAC was one of the founding members of the ACNA .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "72629686a09c3e738a831ef13e39956a", "text": "Un-American Un-American is a pejorative term of U.S. political discourse which is applied to ideas , people or institutions in the United States seen as deviating from what are widely perceived to be fundamental American cultural and political values . The most famous use is in the title of the House Un-American Activities Committee which was started to investigate alleged disloyalty and subversive activities on the part of private citizens , public employees , and those organizations suspected of having Communist ties . By 1959 , former President Harry S. Truman had denounced the Committee as the `` most un-American thing in the country today '' . The Committee lost considerable prestige as the 1960s progressed , and it was abolished by the House of Representatives in 1975 . The use and meaning of the term is by no means uniform in the US . Due in part to these historical associations with political abuses and jingoism , the attitudes of Americans toward the pejorative use of `` Un-American '' are often critical or suspicious . Moreover , Americans may vary widely in what they believe to be un-American .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "08fb984982633c7678c66f9e24bb0bda", "text": "International Relations Council The International Relations Council ( IRC ) is a non-partisan organization which provides world affairs educational programming in Kansas City , Missouri . The IRC develops and maintains various programs to foster understanding of international affairs among the citizens of the greater Kansas City area . Programs emphasize the role of the informed and responsible citizen in the formulation , development and conduct of United States foreign policy . Since its founding , IRC has hosted many world leaders , including cabinet level officials , ambassadors , and leaders from business , media , politics , government , and education . Guests give lectures and presentations on international politics , economics , and social issues .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "40d678faafe13fb09ffe77c9e2783541", "text": "History of the United States National Security Council 1953–61 This article is about the history of the United States National Security Council during the Eisenhower Administration , 1953 -- 1961 . Under President Dwight D. Eisenhower , the National Security Council system evolved into the principal arm of the President in formulating and executing policy on military , international , and internal security affairs . Where Harry S. Truman was uncomfortable with the NSC system and only made regular use of it under the pressure of the Korean War , Eisenhower embraced the NSC concept and created a structured system of integrated policy review . Eisenhower had a penchant for careful staff work , and believed that effective planning involved a creative process of discussion and debate among advisers compelled to work toward consensus recommendations . The genesis of the new NSC system was a report prepared for the President in March 1953 by Robert Cutler , who became the President 's Special Assistant for National Security Affairs . Cutler proposed a systematic flow of recommendation , decision , and implementation that he later described as the `` policy hill '' process . At the bottom of the hill , concerned agencies such as State and Defense produced draft policy recommendations on specific topics and worked for consensus at the agency level . These draft NSC papers went up the hill through the Planning Board , created to review and refine the recommendations before passing them on for full NSC consideration . The NSC Planning Board met on Tuesday and Friday afternoons and was composed of officials at the Assistant Secretary level from the agencies with permanent or standing representation on the Council , as well as advisers from the Joint Chiefs of Staff and Central Intelligence Agency . Hundreds of hours were spent by the Board reviewing and reconstructing proposed papers for the NSC . Cutler resigned in 1958 in exhaustion . The top of the foreign policy-making hill was the NSC itself , chaired by the President , which met regularly on Thursday mornings . The Council consisted of the five statutory members : the President , Vice President , Secretaries of State and Defense , and Director of the Office of Defense Mobilization . Depending on the subject under discussion , as many as a score of other senior Cabinet members and advisers , including the Secretary of the Treasury , the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff , and the Director of Central Intelligence , attended and participated . The agenda included regular briefings by the Director of Central Intelligence on worldwide developments affecting U.S. security , and consideration of the policy papers advanced by the Planning Board . The upshot of the discussions were recommendations to the President in the form of NSC Actions . The President , who participated in the discussion , normally endorsed the NSC Action , and the decision went down the hill for implementation to the Operations Coordinating Board . President Eisenhower created the Operations Coordinating Board ( OCB ) to follow up on all NSC decisions . The OCB met regularly on Wednesday afternoons at the Department of State , and was composed of the Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs , Deputy Secretary of Defense , the Directors of the CIA , the United States Information Agency , and ICA , and the Special Assistants to the President for National Security Affairs and Security Operations Coordination . The OCB was the coordinating and implementing arm of the NSC for all aspects of the implementation of national security policy . NSC action papers were assigned to a team from the OCB for follow-up . More than 40 interagency working groups were established with experts for various countries and subjects . This 24-person staff of the OCB supported these working groups in which officials from various agencies met each other for the first time . The President 's Special Assistant for National Security Affairs , a post held under Eisenhower by Cutler , Dillon Anderson , William Harding Jackson , and finally Gordon Gray , oversaw the flow of recommendations and decisions up and down the policy hill , and functioned in Council meetings to brief the Council and summarize the sense of discussion . The Special Assistant was an essential facilitator of the decision-making system , but , unlike the National Security Adviser created under Kennedy , had no substantive role in the process . The NSC staff managed by the Special Assistant grew during the Eisenhower years , but again had no independent role in the policy process . President Eisenhower had great confidence in the efficacy of covert operations as a viable supplement or alternative to previous normal foreign policy initiatives . The seeming clear success of the operations to overthrow Iranian populist leader Mossadegeh in 1953 , and overthrow the democratically elected , left-leaning President Jacobo Árbenz Guzmán in Guatemala in 1954 was not without their crisis moments in the White House . In 1954 NSC 5412 provided for the establishment of a panel of designated representatives of the President and the Secretaries of State and Defense to meet regularly to review and recommend covert operations . Gordon Gray assumed the chairmanship of the `` 5412 Committee '' as it was called , and all succeeding National Security Advisers have chaired similar successor committees , variously named `` 303 '' , `` 40 '' , `` Special Coordinating Committee , '' which , in later Presidential administrations , were charged with the review of CIA covert operations . President Eisenhower also created the position of staff secretary with the responsibility to screen all foreign policy and military documents coming to the President . While Colonel Andrew Goodpaster held this position , he tended to eclipse the Special Assistant for National Security . The strength of the NSC system under Eisenhower was that it provided for regular , fully staffed , interagency review of major foreign and national security issues , culminating in discussion and decision at the highest level of government . The resulting Presidentially approved NSC papers provided policy guidance at every level of implementation . Eisenhower felt that the regular policy discussions kept his principal advisers fully informed , in step with one another , and prepared to react knowledgeably in the event of crisis . His commitment to the system was such that he chaired every Council meeting he could attend ( 329 of a total of 366 ) . The NSC meetings , including prior briefings and subsequent review of NSC Actions , constituted the largest single item on his weekly agenda . Secretary of State John Foster Dulles , on the other hand , had reservations about the NSC system . He was the strongest personality in the Eisenhower Cabinet and jealously guarded his role as principal adviser to the President on foreign policy . He had constant , direct access to the President and did not feel that some of the most sensitive issues should be discussed in groups as large as were involved in most NSC meetings . He drew a sharp line between the NSC policy review process and the day-to-day operations of foreign policy , which he maintained were the province of the Department of State . Dulles and his deputies also were not comfortable with the scope the NSC review system gave to Secretary of the Treasury George Humphrey , another strong figure in the Cabinet , to intrude budgetary limitations into policy considerations . Dulles successfully resisted a proposal to substitute the Vice President for the Under Secretary of State as chairman of the OCB , arguing that such a change would impinge on his role as principal adviser to the President on foreign policy . Critics of the Eisenhower NSC system have argued that it was inflexible , overstaffed , unable to anticipate and react to immediate crises , and weighed down by committees reporting in great detail on long checklists of minor policy concerns . The most thorough critique of the system emerged from the hearings conducted in 1960 ( 1961 by the Senate Subcommittee on National Policy Machinery , known as the Jackson Subcommittee for its chairman , Senator Henry Jackson . Cutler and NSC Executive Secretary James Lay testified in support of the effectiveness of the system , but their testimony was offset by that of former Truman administration officials such as George Kennan , Paul Nitze , and Robert Lovett . They argued that foreign policy was being made by a passive President influenced by a National Security Council rendered virtually useless by ponderous , bureaucratic machinery . Basically , they argued , the NSC was a huge committee , and suffered from all the weaknesses of committees . Composed of representatives of many agencies , its members were not free to adopt the broad , statesmanlike attitude desired by the President , but , rather , were ambassadors of their own departments , clinging to departmental rather than national views . To make matters worse , critics added , the NSC system by its very nature was restricted to continuing and developing already established policies and was incapable of originating new ideas or major innovations . The critics suggested replacement of the formal , `` over-institutionalized '' NSC structure with a smaller , less formal NSC which would offer the President a clear choice of alternatives on a limited number of major problems . Eisenhower was certainly not a passive President , dominated by his Secretary of State on foreign policy and national security issues . In fact , Eisenhower was actively in command of his administration 's foreign policy , and the established NSC system met his instincts and requirements to the extent he used them . Although there is substance in the criticism that the Eisenhower NSC became to some extent the prisoner of a rigidly bureaucratic process , the criticism misses the point that Eisenhower and Dulles did not attempt to manage fast-breaking foreign policy crises or day-to-day operation through the NSC apparatus . An examination of several of the major foreign policy decisions that confronted the Eisenhower administration reveals that the NSC system was used to manage some , but was essentially bypassed in others . The established NSC process was used when the question involved a policy debate between departments with strongly held , contending positions , as it did in the case of the debate between the Departments of State and Defense in 1956/1957 over whether to introduce a more modern generation of weapons into Korea , where it focused debate and produced the necessary agreed-upon decision after discussion of three draft policy papers . In fast-breaking crisis situations however , including the concurrent Suez crisis and Hungarian Revolution of 1956 , the first and Second Taiwan Strait Crisis of 1955 and 1958 , and the 1958 Lebanon crisis , these were typically managed through small meetings with the President in the White House , normally involving Dulles and other concerned advisers , and through telephone conversations between Eisenhower , Dulles , and other principal advisers . Eisenhower sometimes used trusted NSC staffers to serve as an intermediary to gain information outside the chain of command as he did with Colonel Goodpaster during the straits crisis in 1955 . There was great similarity between this process of crisis management and that adopted by subsequent Presidents , such as Kennedy , Johnson , and Nixon , except for the fact that the ad hoc meetings in the Eisenhower White House did not involve a National Security Adviser as a substantive participant . And in the event that aspects of crisis management depended on contact with the critical man-on-the-spot , as it did in 1958 when Deputy Under Secretary of State Robert Murphy was dispatched to Lebanon to attempt to defuse the crisis , his instructions came from the Department of State and he reported to the Secretary of State rather than directly to the White House , as became the practice during the height of the Vietnam War . When Eisenhower briefed President-elect Kennedy on the NSC system , as when Gordon Gray briefed his successor McGeorge Bundy , they both emphasized the importance of the established NSC machinery in the management of foreign policy and national security affairs . They might have been more persuasive in maintaining the system had they pointed to the fact that the NSC apparatus was essentially limited to policy review , but was not used by them to manage foreign policy crises or day-to-day decisions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "82f98c8f1e20f64c7d7a33a12764224b", "text": "American way The American way of life or simply the American way is the unique lifestyle of the people of the United States of America . It refers to a nationalist ethos that adheres to the principle of life , liberty and the pursuit of happiness . At the center of the American way is the American Dream that upward mobility is achievable by any American through hard work . This concept is intertwined with the concept of American exceptionalism , the belief in the unique culture of the nation . Author William Herberg offers the following definition : One commentator notes , `` The first half of Herberg 's statement still holds true nearly half a century after he first formulated it '' , even though `` Herberg 's latter claims have been severely if not completely undermined ... materialism no longer needs to be justified in high-sounding terms '' . In the National Archives and Records Administration 's 1999 Annual Report , National Archivist John W. Carlin writes , `` We are different because our government and our way of life are not based on the divine right of kings , the hereditary privileges of elites , or the enforcement of deference to dictators . They are based on pieces of paper , the Charters of Freedom - the Declaration that asserted our independence , the Constitution that created our government , and the Bill of Rights that established our liberties . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "53f27b00d10d88c30a227b3d82e16421", "text": "Unitary executive theory The unitary executive theory is a theory of American constitutional law holding that the President possesses the power to control the entire executive branch . The doctrine is rooted in Article Two of the United States Constitution , which vests `` the executive power '' of the United States in the President . Although that general principle is widely accepted , there is disagreement about the strength and scope of the doctrine . It can be said that some favor a `` strongly unitary '' executive , while others favor a `` weakly unitary '' executive . The former group argue , for example , that Congress 's power to interfere with intra-executive decision-making ( such as firing executive branch officials ) is limited , and that the President can control policy-making by all executive agencies within the limits set for those agencies by Congress . Still others agree that the Constitution requires a unitary executive , but believe this to be a bad thing , and propose its abolition by constitutional amendment . In several states , in contrast to the federal government , executive officers such as lieutenant governor , attorney general , comptroller , secretary of state and others are elected independently of the state 's governor , with Texas being one example . This type of executive structure is known as a plural executive . Another type of plural executive , used in Japan , Israel , and Sweden , though not in any U.S. state , in which a collegial body comprises the executive branch - however , that collegial body does not comprise multiple members elected in elections , but is rather more akin to the US Cabinet in formation and structure .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "11f2223d9b718a9bc0bf921ed3d63e49", "text": "Foreign Service Officer A Foreign Service Officer ( FSO ) is a commissioned member of the United States Foreign Service . As diplomats , Foreign Service Officers formulate and implement the foreign policy of the United States . FSOs spend most of their careers overseas as members of U.S. embassies , consulates , and other diplomatic missions , though some receive assignments to combatant command , Congress , and educational institutions such as the various U.S. War Colleges . Foreign Service Officers , who occupy most of the top tiers of the Foreign Service , are one of five categories of Foreign Service employees . Other categories include Foreign Service Nationals and Specialists ( e.g. , Special Agents of the U.S. Diplomatic Security Service ) .", "title": "" } ]	fever
d0a371a18f3eec98d0fc745af1adb07e	Feels So Good was written by Jimmy Jam.	[ { "docid": "1eba8442e0dafdb9c028784a963d1e02", "text": "Feels So Good (Mel B song) `` Feels So Good '' is a song by British recording artist Melanie B . It was written along with Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis for her debut solo album Hot ( 2001 ) and released as the album 's second single on 19 February 2001 . In the United Kingdom , it peaked and debuted at number 5 , selling 55,000 copies in its first week and 140,331 altogether , thus becoming the 80th best seller of 2001 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "a5ee943fc8fd2a9e4477a25c452a509f", "text": "Flash Cadillac & the Continental Kids Flash Cadillac & the Continental Kids , now known as Flash Cadillac , are an American retro rock 'n' roll band . They are best known for their portrayal of the group Herbie and the Heartbeats in the film American Graffiti , to which they contributed three songs : cover versions of `` At the Hop '' and `` Louie , Louie '' , and the original composition `` She 's So Fine '' . Their version of `` At the Hop '' was released as a single in 1973 . They had charts hits with `` Dancin ' ( on a Saturday Night ) '' , written by Lynsey De Paul and Barry Blue , `` Good Times , Rock and Roll '' and `` Did You Boogie ( With Your Baby ) '' . `` Dancin ' ( On A Saturday Night ) '' also reached the Swedish top 10 in 1974 . They also released a cover version of Wizzard 's See My Baby Jive written by Roy Wood in 1977 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "efd1761da442d1c2476f061beee0a76a", "text": "5th Gear (album) 5th Gear is the fifth studio album by country singer Brad Paisley . It was released June 19 , 2007 , and debuted at number three on the Billboard 200 , with first week sales of about 197,000 copies . On April 9 , 2008 , 5th Gear was certified platinum by the RIAA . The album 's first four singles -- `` Ticks '' , `` Online '' , `` Letter to Me '' , and `` I 'm Still a Guy '' -- all reached Number One on the Billboard Hot Country Songs charts . In June 2008 , a re-recording of `` Waitin ' on a Woman '' , a song which Paisley originally recorded for his 2005 album Time Well Wasted , was added as a bonus track to this album . This re-edited version was released in June 2008 as the album 's fifth single . For the chart week of September 20 , 2008 , the song has become his twelfth number-one single and his eighth straight number-one hit . When pre-ordered through iTunes , another bonus track , `` You Love Me So Good '' , was included . In 2009 , NPR picked the album as one of `` The Decade 's 50 Most Important Recordings . '' Blaine Larsen later released a rendition of `` It Did '' in 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "df0169e4f9adf1cecb25780d51ae88c8", "text": "Black (Pearl Jam song) `` Black '' is a power ballad by the American rock band Pearl Jam . The song is the fifth track on the band 's debut album , Ten ( 1991 ) . Featuring lyrics written by vocalist Eddie Vedder and music written by guitarist Stone Gossard , `` Black '' is about Vedder 's ex-girlfriend . Notably , following the band 's 1992 MTV Unplugged performance , Vedder now renders the lyric `` we belong together '' in `` Black '' as `` we do n't belong together '' indicating his moving on from the relationship and being content with how it ended . After Ten became a commercial success in 1992 , Pearl Jam 's record label Epic Records urged the group to release the song as a single . The band refused , citing the song 's personal nature . Despite the lack of a commercial single release , the song managed to reach number three on the Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks chart . Remixed versions of the song were included on Pearl Jam 's 2004 greatest hits album , Rearviewmirror , and the 2009 Ten reissue . It has gone on to become one of the band 's most popular songs , as well as a fan favorite .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ef8af7ecf7b2e83ab000251202fd46a0", "text": "You Feel Good All Over `` You Feel Good All Over '' is a song written by Sonny Throckmorton , and recorded by American country music artist T.G. Sheppard . It was released in April 1979 as the first single from the album 3/4 Lonely . The song reached # 4 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4b3c46bfe17d183686a57ca82ea7cd8d", "text": "Songs You Know by Heart Songs You Know by Heart : Jimmy Buffett 's Greatest Hit ( s ) is the 18th album and the first greatest hits compilation by American popular music singer-songwriter Jimmy Buffett . It was released in January 1 , 1985 on LP and October 17 , 1990 on CD and cassette . The parenthetical `` s '' in the subtitle alludes to the status at the time of `` Margaritaville '' as Buffett 's single large chart hit . Although the album charted at 100 on the Billboard 200 , it is currently certified 7x Platinum by the RIAA , making it Buffett 's most commercially successful . Despite its 1985 release date , the album only includes songs from 1973 to 1979 . Aside of 1976 's Havaña Daydreamin ' , this compilation includes at least one song from every album released between 1973 and 1979 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4448e26ca052b432ee4063b796131258", "text": "So Doggone Lonesome `` So Doggone Lonesome '' is a song written by country singer Johnny Cash . He and his band ( The Tennessee Two ) recorded the song in a studio session at Sun Records studios at 706 Union Avenue in Memphis , Tennessee ; the session took place on July 30 , 1955 , when the trio also recorded `` Luther Played The Boogie '' ( a homage to the group 's lead guitarist , Luther Perkins ) and `` Mean Eyed Cat '' , the latter of which Cash reprised on his Unchained album for Rick Rubin 's American Recordings . Cash was a great admirer of Ernest Tubb , and wrote `` So Doggone Lonesome '' with him in mind . Many of Cash 's self-penned recordings were written with a certain artist in mind , including `` Get Rhythm '' , originally written for Elvis Presley . Legend has it that Tubb heard `` So Doggone Lonesome '' on the radio , which inspired him to record his own version of the song . It is certainly a fact that Tubb did record `` So Doggone Lonesome '' and performed it on the Grand Ole Opry , but the real inspiration for his decision to do so is unclear . Additionally , Cash is reported to have said he only believed he had truly `` made it '' as an artist when he heard Tubb singing one of his songs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8918e4ec333858c4196f43be0cb7eee0", "text": "Feel Flows `` Feel Flows '' is a song written by Carl Wilson and Jack Rieley for American rock band the Beach Boys . It was released on their 1971 album Surf 's Up .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8576f0f0ac5d4f8283d0a72e705ea646", "text": "Feel Good (Robin Thicke song) `` Feel Good '' is a song by American recording artist Robin Thicke , from his sixth studio album Blurred Lines ( 2013 ) . The song was released to the Top 40 radio on November 12 , 2013 as the album 's fourth and final single . The track was produced by will.i.am .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "258c0a854b5e63908d26dcb39d4d57a5", "text": "All True Man (song) `` All True Man '' is a song written by Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis and recorded by American recording artist Alexander O'Neal . It is the first single from the singer 's fourth solo album , All True Man ( 1991 ) . It is one of the artist 's most recognizable signature songs , and a favourite of many O'Neal fans worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a52102b1a7a7d3b53eb6c044e961672a", "text": "The Fireballs The Fireballs , sometimes billed as Jimmy Gilmer and the Fireballs , were an American rock and roll group , particularly popular at the end of the 1950s and in the early 1960s . The original 1958 line-up was George Tomsco ( lead guitar ) , Chuck Tharp ( vocals ) , Stan Lark ( bass ) , Eric Budd ( drums ) , and Dan Trammell ( rhythm guitar ) . The Fireballs were formed in Raton , New Mexico in 1958 , and got their start as an instrumental group featuring the very distinctive lead guitar of George Tomsco . They recorded at Norman Petty 's studio in Clovis , New Mexico . According to group founders Tomsco and Lark , they took their name from Jerry Lee Lewis 's `` Great Balls of Fire '' . They reached the Top 40 with the singles `` Torquay '' ( 1959 ) , `` Bulldog '' ( 1960 ) and `` Quite a Party '' ( 1961 ) . `` Quite a Party '' peaked at # 29 in the UK Singles Chart in August 1961 . Tharp , Budd and Trammell left the group in the early 1960s , but the Fireballs added Doug Roberts on drums , plus Petty Studio singer/pianist Jimmy Gilmer ( born September 15 , 1940 in Chicago and raised in Amarillo , Texas ) to the group . Billed as Jimmy Gilmer and the Fireballs , the group reached number 1 on the Billboard chart with `` Sugar Shack '' , which remained at that position for five weeks in 1963 . The single also reached number 1 on Billboard 's R&B chart for one week in November of that year , but its run on that chart was cut short because Billboard ceased publishing an R&B chart from November 30 , 1963 to January 23 , 1965 . Nonetheless , `` Sugar Shack '' earned the group a Gold Record Award for `` Top Song Of 1963 '' . In the UK the song peaked at # 45 . Jimmy Gilmer and the Fireballs then had another pop hit in 1964 with a similar-sounding `` Daisy Petal Pickin ' '' , which reached number 15 on the Hot 100 . Norman Petty had been Buddy Holly 's main recording producer and after Holly 's death obtained the rights to Holly 's early rehearsal and home demo recordings . From May of 1962 until August of 1968 Petty had the Fireballs overdub the Holly material , making them the band he never knew he had though the band had met Holly at Petty 's studio in 1958 . The overdubs were originally released on four albums of `` new '' Holly material throughout the 1960s with four of the efforts released as singles charting . In 1964 they did an album of Holly covers called `` Buddy 's Buddy '' likely inspired by the posthumous collaborations . During the run of `` Daisy Petal Pickin ' '' on the charts , the British Invasion began with the first hits by the Beatles . The group had difficulty competing with the influx of British artists and did not reach the Top 40 again until 1967 , with `` Bottle of Wine '' , which was written by Tom Paxton . The Fireballs took `` Bottle of Wine '' to number 9 on the Hot 100 . Although Gilmer was still a member of the group , the band was billed simply as `` The Fireballs '' on that single . Gilmer was not on the `` Bottle of Wine '' session . Gilmer left the group in 1967 to pursue artist management and record production in Nashville , Tennessee . Drummer Doug Roberts died in 1981 . All of the Fireballs ' material has been reissued on Ace Records ( UK ) and Sundazed record labels . The Fireballs continued performing with original members George Tomsco , Stan Lark and Chuck Tharp until Tharp died of cancer in 2006 . Jimmy Gilmer returned as lead vocalist in 2007 . Stan Lark retired from the group in 2016 . George Tomsco has continued to release CDs of new material using the Fireballs name and continues to do the occasional show as a `` solo Fireball '' , and also along with Jimmy Gilmer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d17034d81070f24e4c3563242051f7d6", "text": "Feeling Good Is Good Enough Feeling Good Is Good Enough is a 2005 ASG album . It was their third studio album released by Volcom Entertainment Records . Singles from the album include `` John Wayne '' , `` Horse Whipper '' , and the title track . The quote `` Feeling good is good enough '' is a direct homage to the feature film ` Platoon ' when the words were said by Willem Dafoe to Charlie Sheen after they smoked marijuana out of a shotgun .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "16c6763fca49eaa01a738b33e9dadbab", "text": "Chicago (Michael Jackson song) `` Chicago '' is a song by American recording artist Michael Jackson . The song was originally recorded during the Invincible recording sessions under the name `` She Was Lovin ' Me '' . A reworked version of the song was included in Jackson 's posthumous album Xscape . It was first revealed that `` Chicago '' would be the first release from the Xscape album . However , plans changed and `` Love Never Felt So Good '' became the debut release instead .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9ee77e8506af50a346822258dac80348", "text": "Jimmy Preston James Alfred Smith Preston ( August 18 , 1913 -- December 17 , 1984 ) , known as Jimmy Preston , was an American R&B bandleader , alto saxophonist , drummer and singer who made an important contribution to early rock and roll . Preston was born in Chester , Pennsylvania , and formed his own group in 1945 . His first R&B top ten hit was with `` Hucklebuck Daddy '' in 1949 , recorded for Philadelphia 's Gotham Records . His main claim to fame was to record , as Jimmy Preston and His Prestonians , the original version of `` Rock the Joint '' for Gotham in 1949 . The sax breaks on `` Rock the Joint '' were the work of tenor player Danny Turner ( 1920-1995 ) . `` Rock The Joint '' was re-recorded by Jimmy Cavallo in 1951 , and Bill Haley and the Saddlemen in 1952 . In 1950 , tenor saxophone player Benny Golson and pianist Billy Gaines were added to his new line-up and recorded songs like `` Early Morning Blues '' and `` Hayride '' . Preston moved to Derby Records and had a final R&B hit with a cover of Louis Prima 's `` Oh Babe '' . He gave up playing music in 1952 . As Reverend Dr. James S. Preston , he founded the Victory Baptist Church in 1962 . He died in Philadelphia in 1984 , aged 71 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "576932fb43034f23c9f4a0129b5ca939", "text": "On a Good Night On a Good Night is the second studio album released by American country music artist Wade Hayes . Released in 1996 on Columbia Records Nashville , it produced a # 2-peaking single on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks ( now Hot Country Songs ) charts in its title track that year . Like his previous album Old Enough to Know Better , On a Good Night also received gold certification in the U.S. for sales of more than 500,000 copies . `` Undo the Right '' was previously recorded by Willie Nelson on his 1962 album And Then I Wrote , and `` Hurts Do n't It '' was previously recorded by Greg Holland on his 1994 debut album Let Me Drive .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0ac44aa301d65905cb1cb873cc0b8584", "text": "I-Feel-Like-I'm-Fixin'-to-Die I-Feel-Like-I 'm - Fixin ' - to-Die is the second studio album by the influential San Francisco psychedelic rock band , Country Joe and the Fish , and released in 1967 . Recordings took place in Vanguard studios in 71 West 23rd Street , New York City . The title track remains one of the most popular Vietnam protest songs from the 1960s and originally appeared on a 1965 7 '' EP titled Rag Baby : Songs of Opposition . On the album version , `` I-Feel-Like-I 'm - Fixin ' - to-Die Rag '' appears following `` The Fish Cheer '' , which at concerts became a Country Joe standard . At Woodstock , Joe had the crowd yell F-U-C-K instead of F-I-S-H . Another musical highlight is the track `` Janis '' written for McDonald 's then girlfriend Janis Joplin . It is the second song written for a female musician for their albums , the other being `` Grace '' . Two singles were released in the wake of the album . These include `` Janis '' / `` Janis ( instrumental ) '' and `` Who Am I '' / `` Thursday '' . The second album was released just seven months after the debut and is another prime example of the band 's psychedelic experimentation . It again features organ-heavy psychedelia and Eastern melodic lines and more acoustic guitar than their debut production . During this time , the band continued to build on their growing fame by performing at local venues like the Fillmore Auditorium . Despite the familiarity of the opening track , the album itself sold less than the predecessor . The album , as a whole , fit well in the psychedelic scene of San Francisco . The band effectively used satirical humor to express their outspoken views toward the Vietnam War and other hot topics of the counterculture . Although the rest of the tracks were not as popular , they still were accessible and showcased Country Joe McDonald as a lead vocalist . With the creativity of the band reaching a climax , the band began touring nationally and became positively regarded for their live light shows . The title song faced a legal challenge from the estate of New Orleans jazz trombone pioneer Edward `` Kid '' Ory , whose daughter Babette claimed that McDonald had appropriated the melody for his song from Ory 's classic `` Muskrat Ramble '' as recorded by Louis Armstrong & his Hot Five in 1926 . A 2005 judgment upheld McDonald 's copyright on the song , claiming that Ory had waited too long to make the claim . The original album sleeve contained a poster for `` The Fish Game '' , a huge 22 x 33 inch fold-out board game sheet for throwing a dice and moving five band-member cut-out paper pieces around on . Various goals are available for the game such as `` scoring a joint '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8bdbf7a7d002c9d954de2947191ecb08", "text": "I'll Feel a Whole Lot Better `` I 'll Feel a Whole Lot Better '' is a song by the Los Angeles folk rock band The Byrds that was first released in June 1965 on the B-side of the band 's second single , `` All I Really Want to Do '' . It was also included on The Byrds ' debut album , Mr. Tambourine Man . Written by Gene Clark , who also sings the lead vocal , `` I 'll Feel a Whole Lot Better '' features some of The Byrds ' early musical trademarks , including Jim McGuinn 's jangling 12-string Rickenbacker guitar ; Clark 's pounding tambourine ; McGuinn , Clark and David Crosby 's complex harmony singing ; and a country-influenced guitar solo . Although it was initially released as a B-side , `` I 'll Feel a Whole Lot Better '' was itself heavily promoted by Columbia Records during the time that `` All I Really Want to Do '' spent on the Billboard charts . As a result , the song actually managed to chart in its own right at number 103 . Since its release , the song has become a rock music standard , inspiring a number of cover versions over the years . It is also considered by many critics to be one of the band 's , as well as Clark 's , best and most popular songs , with Rolling Stone magazine ranking it at number 234 on their list of The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "054551c552da44881507e266a9be297f", "text": "Rocky Mountain Jam Rocky Mountain Jam is the ninth live album by the American rock band Little Feat , released in 2007 . ( see 2007 in music ) . It is currently the band 's most recent live release and features long improvisational jams on most of the songs including a nod to both Miles Davis ' `` So What '' and the Grateful Dead 's `` Dark Star '' at the beginning of `` Dixie Chicken . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dbee068683584098a122f9c0fac4f4ce", "text": "So Hot Productions So Hot Productions is a music production company located in St. Louis , Mo. , currently consisting of artist/producer J.R. but employed former producer/recording engineer NAB . It is rumoured that a third producer is also joining the crew . Their style is versatile , ranging from chopped and screwed dirty south beats to symphonic slow jams , but most of their music has a distinct midwest feel .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e37f7043cbb35a9f49640a3581890efd", "text": "List of songs written by Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis This is a complete list of the songs known to have been written or co-written by Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis . Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis *", "title": "" }, { "docid": "39c514014bd4da9b37a0ee56382c1311", "text": "Sun Studio Sun Studio is a recording studio opened by rock-and-roll pioneer Sam Phillips at 706 Union Avenue in Memphis , Tennessee , on January 3 , 1950 . It was originally called Memphis Recording Service , sharing the same building with the Sun Records label business . Reputedly the first rock and roll single , Jackie Brenston and his Delta Cats ' `` Rocket 88 '' was recorded there in 1951 with song composer Ike Turner on keyboards , leading the studio to claim status as the birthplace of rock & roll . Blues and R&B artists like Howlin ' Wolf , Junior Parker , Little Milton , B.B. King , James Cotton , Rufus Thomas , and Rosco Gordon recorded there in the early 1950s . Rock and roll , country music , and rockabilly artists , including Johnny Cash , Elvis Presley , Carl Perkins , Roy Orbison , Charlie Feathers , Ray Harris , Warren Smith , Charlie Rich , and Jerry Lee Lewis , recorded there throughout the mid-to-late 1950s until the studio outgrew its Union Avenue location . Sam Phillips opened the larger Sam C. Phillips Recording Studio , better known as Phillips Recording , in 1959 to replace the older facility . Since Phillips had invested in the Holiday Inn Hotel chain earlier , he also recorded artists starting in 1963 on the label Holiday Inn Records for Kemmons Wilson . In 1957 , Bill Justis recorded his Grammy Hall of Fame song `` Raunchy '' for Sam Phillips and worked as a musical director at Sun Records . In 1969 , Sam Phillips sold the label to Shelby Singleton , and there was no recording-related or label-related activity again in the building until the September 1985 Class of '55 recording sessions with Carl Perkins , Roy Orbison , Jerry Lee Lewis , and Johnny Cash , produced by Chips Moman . In 1987 , the original building housing the Sun Records label and Memphis Recording Service was reopened by Gary Hardy as `` Sun Studio , '' a recording label and tourist attraction that has attracted many notable artists , such as U2 , Def Leppard , Bonnie Raitt , and Ringo Starr . In 2005 , Brian Setzer ( of Stray Cats fame ) released his Rockabilly Riot Vol . 1 : A Tribute To Sun Records album . Although not recorded at Sun it did feature various Sun Records recordings including some hits and other more obscure songs . In 2007 , Canadian rockabilly band the Kingmakers recorded a selection of originals and classics such as Elvis Presley 's `` That 's All Right '' at Sun Studio , released as their first CD `` Live at SUN Studio '' . In May 2009 , Canadian blues artist JW-Jones recorded with blues legend Hubert Sumlin , Larry Taylor and Richard Innes for his 2010 release at the studio . In July 2009 , John Mellencamp recorded nine songs for his album No Better Than This at the studio . In 2011 , Chris Isaak released `` Beyond the Sun , '' a collection of songs recorded at Sun Studio , most of which are cover versions of songs originally released on Sun Records .", "title": "" } ]	fever
13d90762abc604cc958e3421353c094b	John Hartford stole Gentle on My Mind.	[ { "docid": "b2b2c84d6d41e99eb82259384fd0e252", "text": "John Hartford John Cowan Hartford ( December 30 , 1937 -- June 4 , 2001 ) was an American folk , country and bluegrass composer and musician known for his mastery of the fiddle and banjo , as well as for his witty lyrics , unique vocal style , and extensive knowledge of Mississippi River lore . His most successful song is `` Gentle on My Mind '' which won three Grammy Awards and was listed in `` BMI 's Top 100 Songs of the Century '' . Hartford performed with a variety of ensembles throughout his career , and is perhaps best known for his solo performances where he would interchange the guitar , banjo , and fiddle from song to song . He also invented his own shuffle tap dance move , and clogged on an amplified piece of plywood while he played and sang .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bb56dd4439efcf2ac4a4cf996b4abf7e", "text": "Gentle on My Mind (song) `` Gentle on My Mind '' is a song written by John Hartford , which won four 1968 Grammy Awards . Hartford himself won the award for Best Folk Performance and Best Country & Western Song ( Songwriter ) . The other two awards Best Country & Western Solo Vocal Performance , Male and Best Country & Western Recording , went to American country music singer Glen Campbell for his version of Hartford 's song . It was released in June 1967 as the only single from the album of the same name . It was re-released in July 1968 to more success . Glen Campbell 's version has received over 5 million plays on the radio . Campbell used `` Gentle on My Mind '' as the theme to his television variety show , The Glen Campbell Goodtime Hour between 1969 and 1972 . Dean Martin 's version , recorded in 1968 , was a major hit in the United Kingdom ; three versions of the song , Campbell 's , Martin 's and Patti Page 's , all reached the top ten of the U.S. easy listening chart in 1968 . The song was ranked number 16 on BMI 's Top 100 Songs of the Century .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "9aa17075cb43e648492d324d905e06cd", "text": "Linda on My Mind `` Linda on My Mind '' is a song written and recorded by American country music artist Conway Twitty . It was released in January 1975 as the first single and title track from the album Linda on My Mind . The song was Twitty 's 12th number one on the U.S. country singles chart . The single stayed at number one for one week and spent a total of eight weeks on the chart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e4d562c6295c6ab09750333b4cd8581c", "text": "As I Went Out One Morning `` As I Went Out One Morning '' is a song written by Bob Dylan , released on his 1967 album John Wesley Harding . He has only performed this song live once , in the early phase of the Bob Dylan and The Band 1974 Tour . The lyrics to `` As I Went Out One Morning '' tell about a man who offers a hand to a woman in chains , but realizes that she wants more than he is offering , and that `` she meant to do -LSB- him -RSB- harm . '' A character identified as Tom Paine then appears , `` command -LSB- s -RSB- her to yield , '' and apologizes to the narrator for the woman 's actions . Tom Paine as a figure may represent common sense or civil liberties , which the historical Tom Paine championed . However , it is also likely that this song references the prestigious Tom Paine Award that Dylan received in 1963 from the National Emergency Civil Liberties Committee . Dylan delivered an acceptance speech and was booed and rushed from the stage when he claimed to have empathy for some of Lee Harvey Oswald feelings . The song bears a resemblance to the W. H. Auden poem As I Walked Out One Evening , including sharing the same iambic meter and quatrain form . Dylan 's use of harmonica on the song is distinctive . The flatted second ( as well as third , sixth , and seventh ) identifies the musical mode as Phrygian . Since the song is in F# minor ( played in D minor on a guitar with a capo at the fourth fret ) , Dylan must be playing a D harmonica . The usual modes for diatonic harmonica in minor keys are Aeolian and Dorian ( A or E harmonicas in the key of F# minor ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0313a8209e1bc422167c3dd315459ad1", "text": "Seasons of My Heart `` Season of My Heart '' is a song written by George Jones and Darrell Edwards . The song was released as the b-side to the # 4 hit `` Why Baby Why '' in 1955 . The song was also recorded by Johnny Cash and , released in 1960 , it became a # 10 hit . The song was one of Jones ' best early ballads , included on many of his early studio and compilation albums with Starday and Mercury Records in the late 1950s . The song was even included on his debut 1957 album `` The Grand Ole Opry 's New Star '' , which was Starday 's first album release in the label 's history .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dade38590f57e08e0830b1813caa8ae4", "text": "Bad Fog of Loneliness `` Bad Fog of Loneliness '' is a song written by Canadian singer-songwriter Neil Young , recorded in 1971 but not released until 2007 on the album Live at Massey Hall 1971 , and in 2009 on The Archives Vol . 1 1963-1972 . It also appeared on Young 's live `` Red Rocks '' DVD released in 2000 . In the introduction to the Live at Massey Hall version , Young explains that he originally intended to perform the song on the Johnny Cash Show but his appearance was canceled . By the time he was re-scheduled to appear in February 1971 , he decided that the song was `` too old '' and would perform something else instead ( he eventually did two other brand new songs , `` The Needle and the Damage Done '' and `` Journey Through the Past '' ) . A studio version of the song also appears on The Archives Vol . 1 , featuring Ben Keith on pedal steel guitar , Tim Drummond on bass guitar , Kenny Buttrey on drums , and Linda Ronstadt and James Taylor on background vocals . The fact that this is the same line-up that recorded `` Heart of Gold '' and `` Old Man '' strongly suggests that this version was recorded as part of the Harvest sessions on February 6-7 , 1971 . `` Bad Fog of Loneliness '' has much in common with much of what Young was writing at the time . The riff in the introduction is reminiscent of that of `` The Needle and the Damage Done '' , and the change from 4/4 to 3/4 time in the bridge is similar to what he does in `` Words ( Between the Lines of Age ) '' . Category : Neil Young songs Category :1971 songs Category : Songs written by Neil Young", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab7ba6a7d8e3209443c94e1cc5730dc8", "text": "H. S. Kraft Hyman Solomon Kraft ( April 30 , 1899 -- July 29 , 1975 ) , aka Hy Kraft or H.S. Kraft , was an American screenwriter , playwright , and theatrical producer . Among the notable comedy plays that he wrote were Ten Per Cent ( 1932 ) , Poppa ( 1929 ) , Cafe Crown ( 1942 ) , and Top Banana ( 1952 ) . In 1964 Cafe Crown was revised as a Broadway musical produced by Philip Rose and Swanlee with music by Albert Hague and lyrics by Marty Brill . The musical plot is set in the early 1930s in and around the Cafe Crown at the corner of Second Avenue and 12th Street in New York City . It had one Broadway revival in 1989 . Hy Kraft 's 1954 musical play Top Banana was filmed for the screen and released as a movie in 1954 , starring Phil Silvers as a television comic trying to regain his ratings on TV . Feeling the show was a personal swipe at him , Milton Berle wrote of it , `` The only public attack I got any pleasure from was the one dreamed up by Hy Kraft and Johnny Mercer , and starring Phil Silvers . It was a big Broadway musical called Top Banana , in which Phil played an egomaniac named Jerry Biffle who had a top-rated television show and who directed his rehearsals with a whistle . It was a vicious and funny swipe at me , and I loved it so much , I offered to sue Hy Kraft for the publicity value . Anything to help . After all , I had put some money into the show . '' In 1950 Hy Kraft was made part of the Hollywood blacklist by the House Committee on Un-American Activities , after remarks by Artie Shaw . His screenwriting credits include Stormy Weather ( 1943 ) with Lena Horne and short story credit for Smartest Girl In Town ( 1936 ) and Champaign Waltz ( 1937 ) , in the latter case collaborating with Billy Wilder . He also contributed writing ( uncredited ) to Mark of the Vampire ( 1935 ) with Lionel Barrymore and Bela Lugosi . He wrote an autobiography , On My Way to the Theater , Macmillan , 1971 . The jacket reads , `` A lifetime 's stroll from New York 's Lower East Side to Broadway , with side trips to Hollywood , London , and Washington , D.C. , and singular associations with Victor Herbert , Theodore Dreiser , Sinclair Lewis , and the House Un-American Activities Committee . '' In 1968 , he signed the `` Writers and Editors War Tax Protest '' pledge , vowing to refuse tax payments in protest against the Vietnam War .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8a222afd577c9fe9647007f3c665c858", "text": "Sweet Surrender (John Denver song) `` Sweet Surrender '' is the title of a popular song by the American singer-songwriter John Denver . It was originally recorded for his 1974 album Back Home Again , but was chosen as the lead single from the concert album An Evening with John Denver . `` Sweet Surrender '' reached # 13 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in February 1975 , remaining in the Top 40 for eight weeks . It also rose to # 1 on the adult contemporary chart , Denver 's fourth song to reach the top on this survey ( following `` Sunshine on My Shoulders '' , `` Annie 's Song '' and `` Back Home Again '' ) . Following a theme common to many of Denver 's songs , the lyrics to `` Sweet Surrender '' deal with a journey of self-exploration tied to themes of nature and environment . The single version of `` Sweet Surrender '' has yet to appear on any compact disc or digital reissue , characterized by its lack of applause over the introduction . `` Sweet Surrender '' was the opening theme song of the 1974 Walt Disney movie The Bears and I . It was covered by the pop/folk band `` The Seekers '' and appeared on the Australian release of their 1975 self-titled album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1d24003f745d02972d5c4dfc1ff8c85b", "text": "Town of Plenty `` Town of Plenty '' is a song by Elton John from the album Reg Strikes Back , and was released in 1988 . The song was the first album track to be heard after Elton 's throat surgery . Pete Townshend of The Who plays acoustic guitar on the track , while Davey Johnstone plays electric . Among the backing vocalists contributing to the track are Elton 's former bandmates Nigel Olsson and Dee Murray . This would be the final album of Elton 's that Murray would contribute to , for he would succumb to a stroke in 1992 . The single release of `` Town of Plenty '' was the second to be issued from Reg Strikes Back in the United Kingdom , where it barely charted ; it reached number 74 ( one place above the lowest chart position available in 1988 ) , and was gone by the next week . The single was not released in the USA . The B-side to the single was `` Whipping Boy '' , from the album Too Low for Zero , which was released five years earlier . A CD single of the release was also issued ; this contained the two aforementioned tracks , as well as `` Saint '' and `` I Guess That 's Why They Call It the Blues '' , also from Too Low for Zero . A limited edition 7-inch single was also issued , which included four postcards , each depicting Elton in a particular stage costume . This coincided with Elton 's Sotheby 's auction , in which the costumes pictured were sold .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1c9f5f24c9229ece0c25a0fc1d2cf1de", "text": "The Angel (song) `` The Angel '' is a song by Bruce Springsteen from the album Greetings from Asbury Park , N.J. in 1973 . It was also released as the B-side to Springsteen 's `` Blinded by the Light '' single . The song was part of the demo that Springsteen recorded for John Hammond of CBS Records in advance of getting his first recording contract . At the time Greetings from Asbury Park , N.J. was released , Springsteen considered it his most sophisticated song . It has had very few live performances .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e7a564b1211dbc2f5e6e7452d92f5553", "text": "Slow Train (Bob Dylan song) `` Slow Train '' is a song written by Bob Dylan that first appeared on his 1979 album Slow Train Coming . In the United States , it was released as the follow up single to `` Got ta Serve Somebody . '' It was also released as the lead song from Dylan 's 1989 live album with the Grateful Dead , Dylan & the Dead . Music critic Paul Williams has called it `` the one track -LSB- on Slow Train Coming -RSB- that must be listened to again and again and again , inexhaustible , essential . '' Rolling Stone Magazine editor Jann Wenner has called it `` nothing less than Dylan 's most mature and profound song about America . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4258bb0f20dc260958ed5f16ebfe6b84", "text": "Sleeping with the Past Sleeping with the Past is the 22nd studio album by the English singer-songwriter Elton John , released on 29 August 1989 . It is his best-selling album in Denmark ( where it was recorded ) and is dedicated to his longtime writing partner Bernie Taupin . The album features his first solo number-one single , `` Sacrifice '' , in his home country of the UK , which helped the album also hit number one there , his first since 1974 's Elton John 's Greatest Hits . John and Taupin meant for the songs to reflect the style of 1960s R&B icons such as Marvin Gaye , Otis Redding and Sam Cooke , whom they admired . It also became his first platinum album in the UK since 1983 . In the US it was certified gold in October 1989 and platinum in April 1990 by the RIAA . Guy Babylon made his debut on this album and would continue to play keyboards with John for the next 20 years , while Fred Mandel left the band shortly after . John went into rehabilitation in 1990 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ff0334ff0e8b57ae2948fd239f73a53f", "text": "Pass Me Not, O Gentle Saviour `` Pass Me Not , O Gentle Savior '' is a 19th-century American hymn written by Frances J. Crosby in 1868 , set to music by William H. Doane in 1870 . The hymn has been recorded by singers including Reggie Houston , Cyrus Chestnut , Bill Gaither , and Lyle Lovett . Bob Dylan performed this song live to open five concerts in his 2002 American tour . In 1991 hip hop artist MC Hammer released a version of the hymn entitled `` Do Not Pass Me By '' on his fourth album , Too Legit to Quit . Gospel artist Tramaine Hawkins appeared on the song as a guest vocalist . A music video was produced for this single which charted as well .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f45fd4c2116ae05d9b40ebbed16ef7c7", "text": "WWYZ WWYZ is a country music station licensed to Waterbury , Connecticut , broadcasting at 92.5 FM . It is owned by iHeartMedia , Inc. , and was previously locally owned by the Gilmore family as a sister to WATR and WATR-TV ( now WCCT-TV ) . Studios are at 10 Columbus Boulevard in Hartford , Connecticut , and the transmitter site is in Meriden , Connecticut . In the early 1970s , WWYZ was called the `` Music Lover 's WISE Choice '' , trailing among many easy listening stations blanketing much of Connecticut . In June 1976 under program director Bob Craig , WWYZ switched to `` YZ the Natural 92 FM '' as a `` laid back and mellow '' soft rock station . The format outlasted its N.Y. City counterpart WKTU ( which went disco ) and served WWYZ well for about five years . Various attempts to meet new competitors in the adult contemporary arena fell short between 1981 and 1988 . In 1988 , the station switched to a country music format , making it the only FM station in Connecticut with a wide reach to adopt this format full-time . The station has had considerable success with this format and through 2007 remains the only FM country music station in the Hartford and New Haven areas , carrying programs both national and local in origin .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "58e852e74ebf4f9b35f62766bbde2a31", "text": "Obama On My Mind Obama on my Mind is a musical play about the 2008 presidential campaign of Barack Obama by British crime writer and film producer Teddy Hayes . The play , a musical comedy , is a campaign story set the week after the 2008 Republican National Convention . Reviews were strongly negative . Lyn Gardner wrote a critical review in The Guardian , describing the musical as `` opportunistic '' , and as a `` bizarrely unfocused text - an apparently unedited stream of consciousness '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9aec89f20ff0de2eb3a3645b47652120", "text": "I'm Gonna Hurt Her on the Radio `` I 'm Gon na Hurt Her on the Radio '' is a song written by Mac McAnally and Tom Brasfield . It was originally recorded by David Allan Coe on his 1985 album Unchained . Coe 's version went to number 52 on the Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart that year . It was later recorded by American country music artist Charley Pride , whose version changed the title to `` I 'm Gon na Love Her on the Radio '' . Pride 's version was released in December 1987 as the second single and title track from the album I 'm Gon na Love Her on the Radio . The song reached number 13 on the same chart . The song was also recorded under its original title by The Bellamy Brothers on their 1986 album Howard & David , Shenandoah on their 1989 self-titled debut , and Keith Whitley on the 1994 posthumous release Keith Whitley : A Tribute Album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "02ebec7f9babb4ad64c76e6905c31c23", "text": "He Said He Loved Me `` He Said He Loved Me '' is the second single by Reverend and The Makers , from their debut album The State of Things . The song features Jon McClure and Laura Manuel on lead vocals . The single was released on 26 August 2007 on download only and later released on CD and 7 '' vinyl on 3 September . `` He Said He Loved Me '' and the B-side `` You Get So Alone It Just Makes Sense '' both feature on the demo release Ten Songs : `` You Get So Alone Sometimes It Just Makes Sense '' was taken from the title of a collection of poems by Charles Bukowski . The other B-side , `` God Is in the TV '' , was originally a song by McClure 's previous band , 1984 . The title track is co-written by Alex Turner of the band Arctic Monkeys : frontman Jon McClure are good friends , to the point of sharing a flat in Sheffield , and have written other songs , such as `` Old Yellow Bricks '' , from the Arctic Monkey 's second album Favourite Worst Nightmare and also `` The Machine '' , which appears on Reverend and the Makers ' album The State of Things . `` He Said He Loved Me '' , like the debut single `` Heavyweight Champion of the World '' is also attributed to Alan Smyth who produced the original demos for the band . The B-sides , `` You Get So Alone Sometimes It Just Makes Sense '' and `` God is in the TV '' are both co-written by Ed Cosens . The song was used as a backing track in a video preview on the 2010 Rugby League Challenge Cup final .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a2579fc0606ae3d9912de8caa8fa5d7e", "text": "Always on My Mind (disambiguation) Always on My Mind may refer to : `` Always on My Mind '' , a 1972 song originally recorded by Brenda Lee and later recorded by Elvis Presley , Willie Nelson , the Pet Shop Boys and others Always on My Mind ( album ) , a 1982 Willie Nelson album that contained , and was named after , this song `` Always on My Mind '' ( Tiki Taane song ) , 2008 Always on My Mind ( Adelén song ) `` Always on My Mind '' , a song by Loverboy from their 1980 album Loverboy `` Always on My Mind '' , a song by Brandy from her 1994 album Brandy `` Always on My Mind '' , a song by Phantom Planet from their 2002 album The Guest `` Always on My Mind '' , a song by Before Dark , from the album Daydreamin ' `` Always on My Mind '' , a song by Bosson , from the album The Right Time `` Always on My Mind '' , a song by Da'Ville `` Always on My Mind '' , a song by Alsou `` Always on My Mind '' , a song by World Party from their 2000 album Dumbing Up Always on My Mind ( film ) , a 1993 Michael Hui film", "title": "" }, { "docid": "50569b4eea8fd1b5117a22337be2a51b", "text": "Always on My Mind `` Always on My Mind '' is an American country music song by Johnny Christopher , Mark James and Wayne Carson , recorded first by Gwen McCrae ( as `` You Were Always On My Mind '' ) and Brenda Lee in 1972 . AllMusic lists over 300 recorded releases of the song in versions by dozens of performers . While Brenda Lee 's version had stalled at # 45 on the country charts in 1972 , other performers would reach the top 20 in the United States and elsewhere with their own versions : Elvis Presley in 1972 ; John Wesley Ryles in 1979 ; Willie Nelson 's Grammy Award winning version in 1982 ; Pet Shop Boys in 1987 ; Loretta Lynn in 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fe9761c0b629832c4a69965e2acb6339", "text": "Blue Jay Way `` Blue Jay Way '' is a song recorded by the English rock band the Beatles . Written by George Harrison , it was released in 1967 on the group 's Magical Mystery Tour EP and album . The song was named after a street in the Hollywood Hills of Los Angeles where Harrison stayed in August 1967 , shortly before visiting the Haight-Ashbury district of San Francisco . The lyrics document Harrison 's wait for music publicist Derek Taylor to find his way to Blue Jay Way through the fog-ridden hills , while Harrison struggled to stay awake after the flight from London to Los Angeles . As with several of Harrison 's compositions from this period , `` Blue Jay Way '' incorporates aspects of Indian classical music , although the Beatles used only Western instrumentation on the track , including a drone-like Hammond organ part played by Harrison . Created during the group 's psychedelic period , the track makes extensive use of studio techniques such as flanging , Leslie rotary effect , and reversed tape sounds . The song appeared in the Beatles ' 1967 television film Magical Mystery Tour , in a sequence that visually re-creates the sense of haziness and dislocation evident on the recording . While some reviewers have dismissed the song as monotonous , many others have admired its yearning quality and dark musical mood . The website Consequence of Sound describes `` Blue Jay Way '' as `` a haunted house of a hit , adding an ethereal , creepy mythos to the City of Angels '' . Among its continued links with Los Angeles , the song was one of the first Beatles tracks that cult leader Charles Manson adopted as the foundation for his Helter Skelter theory of an American race-related countercultural revolution . Artists who have covered the song include Bud Shank , Colin Newman , Tracy Bonham , Siouxsie and the Banshees and Greg Hawkes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f7dad7dfe6a64d6041daf4f81cc5e5ff", "text": "The Essential Johnny Cash (2002 album) The Essential Johnny Cash is a double-compact disc compilation by Johnny Cash released as part of Sony BMG 's Essential series . It was compiled to commemorate Cash 's 70th birthday . It is not to be confused with the three-CD box set of the same name released by Columbia Records in 1992 . The double album concentrates mainly on Cash 's first 15 years as a recording artist with Sun Records and Columbia , contains only eight post-1970 selections , and no selections from Cash 's work with Rick Rubin for American Recordings : Cash 's final hit single , a cover of Nine Inch Nails ' `` Hurt '' , was released ten months later . The album was certified Gold and Platinum on February 5 , 2005 and was certified 2 & 3 x Platinum on March 3 , 2016 for sales of 1,500,000 copies by the RIAA . It has sold 1,724,200 copies in the US as of April 2017 . Amongst the 36 tracks on the compilation are two songs that feature Cash prominently but never appeared on any of his albums : `` Girl from the North Country '' from Bob Dylan 's 1969 album Nashville Skyline , and `` The Wanderer '' from U2 's 1993 album Zooropa . As a testimony to Cash 's wide sphere of influence on country , rock , and other modern musics and his wide fan base , the liner notes feature testimonials and 70th birthday greetings from a wide array of artists - not only from friends and fellow travelers and collaborators like Willie Nelson , Kris Kristofferson , Tom Petty , ex-stepson-in-law Nick Lowe , and wife June Carter Cash , but from the likes of Keith Richards , Elvis Costello , Corey Taylor and Shawn Crahan of Slipknot , Metallica 's Kirk Hammett , and Henry Rollins .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bf42bd764604414f4afe5286af1bfde6", "text": "Get Me to the Church on Time `` Get Me to the Church on Time '' is a song composed by Frederick Loewe , with lyrics written by Alan Jay Lerner for the 1956 musical My Fair Lady , where it was introduced by Stanley Holloway . It is sung by the cockney character Alfred P. Doolittle , the father of the show 's main character Eliza Doolittle . He has received a surprise bequest of four thousand pounds a year from an American millionaire , raising him to middle-class respectability . Consequently , he feels he must marry Eliza 's `` stepmother '' , the woman with whom he has been living for many years . Doolittle and his friends have one last spree before the wedding and the song is a plea to his friends not to let his drunken merriment forget his good intentions and make sure he gets to his wedding .", "title": "" } ]	fever
158983a6558dbcc2ba390d0fe76ceb71	Pitch Perfect 3 stars an actor.	[ { "docid": "65b2944eef7c113704188b86a5788ced", "text": "John Michael Higgins John Michael Higgins ( born February 12 , 1963 ) is an American actor and voice actor whose film credits include Christopher Guest 's mockumentaries , the role of David Letterman in HBO 's The Late Shift , and a starring role in the American version of Kath & Kim . He portrayed Peter Lovett in the TV Land original sitcom Happily Divorced , and provided the voice of Iknik Blackstone Varrick in The Legend of Korra . He currently stars in the NBC sitcom Great News as Chuck Pierce .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9f4fcff3f63bc1c52a281ce538f3d658", "text": "Pitch Perfect 3 Pitch Perfect 3 is an upcoming American musical comedy film directed by Trish Sie and written by Kay Cannon , Mike White , and Dana Fox . A sequel to 2015 's Pitch Perfect 2 and the third installment in the Pitch Perfect series , the film will star Anna Kendrick , Anna Camp , Rebel Wilson , Brittany Snow , Hailee Steinfeld , Alexis Knapp , Ester Dean , Hana Mae Lee , Chrissie Fit , Kelley Jakle , and Shelley Regner as the Bellas and Elizabeth Banks and John Michael Higgins . The film is scheduled to be released on December 22 , 2017 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "3b6e5cab2771353ca1929c6e8d1c0fd3", "text": "Jay Pickett Jay Pickett ( born February 10 , 1961 ) is an American actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5f1e38d372ead80b16aac5e168496b21", "text": "Nobody's Perfect (1990 film) Nobody 's Perfect is a 1990 American comedy film directed by Robert Kaylor and starring Chad Lowe and Gail O'Grady .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5f6a0b132318141f9c52d4093d570796", "text": "Martin Short Martin Hayter Short ( born March 26 , 1950 ) is a Canadian-American actor , comedian , writer , singer , and producer . He is known for his work on the television programs SCTV and Saturday Night Live . He has starred in comedy films , such as Three Amigos ( 1986 ) , Innerspace ( 1987 ) , Three Fugitives ( 1989 ) , Father of the Bride ( 1991 ) , Pure Luck ( 1991 ) , Father of the Bride Part II ( 1995 ) , Mars Attacks ! ( 1996 ) and Jungle 2 Jungle ( 1997 ) , and created the characters , Jiminy Glick and Ed Grimley . In 1999 , he won a Tony Award for his lead performance in a Broadway revival of Little Me .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d27073b4433bb5f0e3d208f95495d263", "text": "Sam Rockwell Samuel Rockwell ( born November 5 , 1968 ) is an American actor known for independent and mainstream films . He is known for his leading roles in Lawn Dogs ( 1997 ) , Confessions of a Dangerous Mind ( 2002 ) , Matchstick Men ( 2003 ) , The Hitchhiker 's Guide to the Galaxy ( 2005 ) , Choke ( 2008 ) , Moon ( 2009 ) , Seven Psychopaths ( 2012 ) , and Mr. Right ( 2015 ) , as well as for his supporting roles in The Green Mile ( 1999 ) , Galaxy Quest ( 1999 ) , The Assassination of Jesse James ( 2007 ) , Frost/Nixon ( 2008 ) , Conviction ( 2010 ) , Iron Man 2 ( 2010 ) , Cowboys & Aliens ( 2011 ) , The Way , Way Back ( 2013 ) , and Poltergeist ( 2015 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "29c434d41166f656207830cd60cd41cb", "text": "John Bluthal John Bluthal ( born 28 March 1929 ) is a British film and television actor and voice artist , mostly in comedy . He is best known for his work with Spike Milligan , and for his roles in the TV series Never Mind the Quality , Feel the Width and The Vicar of Dibley . He has also worked in the United States and Australia , in numerous productions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e95012b098ec244c8196dd606581d00", "text": "Ola Rapace Ola Rapace ( -LSB- ˈuːla raˈpasː -RSB- ; né Pär Ola Norell ; born 3 December 1971 ) is a Swedish actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a4a1c1ef17745b9b39a4c96c7e38e542", "text": "Nathan Dean Snyder Nathan D. Snyder is an American actor , producer , and writer . He is known for his work on The Sigil , Item 47 , and Player of the Game .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d60a68e57629db99d792b2d7985fa541", "text": "Christopher Hanke Christopher Jason Hanke , often credited as Christopher J. Hanke , ( born 1976 ) is an American actor known for his roles on Broadway and television .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ec9713dfa60146ed45fc073caf0a7339", "text": "Michael Simkins Michael Simkins ( born 4 February 1957 ) is an English actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d59447305409d4cc6681c085db8182e", "text": "Pat Healy (actor) Pat Healy ( born September 14 , 1971 ) is an American film and television actor perhaps best known for his leading roles in Great World of Sound , Compliance , The Innkeepers and Cheap Thrills . He directed his first feature film , Take Me , in 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ed2f9085d7bf7d35e729b12f2b57d372", "text": "Derek Waters Derek Matthew Waters ( born July 30 , 1979 ) is an American actor , comedian , and writer . He is the co-creator and host of the Comedy Central series Drunk History .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8ae6710e7f7055bccf27b97b83d61d74", "text": "Todd Williams (actor) Todd Williams III ( born September 11 , 1977 ) is an American actor best known for his role as Officer Isaac Joiner on the crime drama television series The Chicago Code .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5bc1784cfe103381fbbcf8bbb694e699", "text": "Joseph D. Reitman Joseph David Reitman ( born May 25 , 1968 ) is an American actor , film producer , film director , and writer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "75be56ab42a2346aba89d0951da9bfd4", "text": "Adam G. Simon Adam Gregory Simon ( born March 13 , 1977 ) is an American actor and writer . He started his professional career as an actor in theatre with roles in the early 2000s and then made his television and film debut . Simon is the writer of Man Down , a post-apocalyptic thriller directed by Dito Montiel which stars Shia LaBeouf , Kate Mara , Gary Oldman , Jai Courtney and Clifton Collins , Jr. . . Simon is also the writer of Synapse , a film where he also makes his theatrical acting debut . Directed by veteran music video director Kenlon Clark . Synapse stars Sophina Brown , Henry Simmons , Joshua Alba and Simon himself . Synapse is the first theatrical content produced by Los Angeles Center Studios and Hollywood Locations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3fa19acd9fb81fb625db73f6995a02b7", "text": "Tom Parker (actor) Thomas Scott `` Tom '' Parker ( born July 23 , 1977 ) is an American actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be352d4edf0dee4df37f1be40e732c4c", "text": "C. Thomas Howell Christopher Thomas Howell ( born December 7 , 1966 ) , known as C. Thomas Howell , is an American actor and director . He starred in the films The Outsiders , as Ponyboy Curtis , and The Hitcher , as Jim Halsey . He also starred in Grandview U.S.A. , Red Dawn as Robert , Secret Admirer as Michael , and Soul Man , and appeared in E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial , The Amazing Spider-Man , and Justice League : The Flashpoint Paradox .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ecabde54b978d5cfa6ceb797b1642eb1", "text": "George Wendt George Robert Wendt III ( born October 17 , 1948 ) is an American actor and comedian , best known for the role of Norm Peterson on the television show Cheers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "81d38a67e9e91e229785562fd8362810", "text": "Jon Hamm Jonathan Daniel Hamm ( born March 10 , 1971 ) is an American actor , director , and television producer best known for playing advertising executive Don Draper for the AMC television drama series , Mad Men ( 2007 -- 2015 ) . For much of the mid-1990s , he lived in Los Angeles , making appearances in television series Providence , The Division , What About Brian , and Related . During 2000 , he made his feature movie debut in the space adventure movie Space Cowboys . The next year , he had a minor role in the independent comedy , Kissing Jessica Stein ( 2001 ) . He gained wide recognition when Mad Men began broadcast during July 2007 . His performance earned him the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Television Series -- Drama during 2008 and 2016 and the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series during 2015 . He directed two episodes of the show . During 2008 , Hamm appeared in a remake of the science fiction movie The Day The Earth Stood Still . His first leading movie role was in the 2010 independent thriller Stolen . He also had supporting roles in the movies The Town ( 2010 ) , Sucker Punch ( 2011 ) , and Bridesmaids ( 2011 ) . Hamm has received 16 Primetime Emmy Award nominations for his performances in Mad Men , 30 Rock ( 2006 -- 2013 ) , and Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt ( 2015 -- present ) . His other television credits include featuring in the Sky Arts series A Young Doctor 's Notebook and guest roles in Parks and Recreation and Wet Hot American Summer : First Day of Camp . He provided his voice to the animated movie Shrek Forever After during 2010 , and during 2015 , he featured in the animated movie Minions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8ef473a228c565b49c3e16ccd1e0a299", "text": "Trevor Wright Trevor Christopher Wright ( born August 23 , 1980 in San Diego , California ) is an American actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9eb383bcb451e30a12a869d4890c12f9", "text": "Jacob Hopkins Jacob Turner Hopkins ( born March 4 , 2002 in San Francisco , California ) is an American actor . He is known for playing the role as Alexander Drew in True Blood , and for playing the voice of Gumball ( second for series , third overall ) , in The Amazing World of Gumball , replacing Logan Grove starting from season 3 . However , in mid-season 5 , he was replaced by Nicolas Cantu , whereas his voice had changed by then .", "title": "" } ]	fever
cffe50ea14eca58f9726ac5638cb836b	X-Men: Days of Future Past is a film based on comics.	[ { "docid": "288f039ec273ac64eeeea53b45a5c978", "text": "X-Men: Days of Future Past X-Men : Days of Future Past is a 2014 American superhero film based on the fictional X-Men characters that appear in Marvel Comics . Directed by Bryan Singer , it is the seventh installment of the X-Men film series and acts as a sequel to both 2006 's X-Men : The Last Stand and 2011 's X-Men : First Class . The story , inspired by the 1981 Uncanny X-Men storyline `` Days of Future Past '' by Chris Claremont and John Byrne , focuses on two time periods , with Wolverine traveling back in time to 1973 to change history and prevent an event that results in doom for both humans and mutants . The film features an ensemble cast , including Hugh Jackman , James McAvoy , Michael Fassbender , Jennifer Lawrence , Halle Berry , Anna Paquin , Ellen Page , Peter Dinklage , Ian McKellen and Patrick Stewart . Simon Kinberg wrote the screenplay from a story conceived by Jane Goldman , himself , and Matthew Vaughn . Vaughn had directed First Class and was set to return in Days of Future Past before leaving for Kingsman : The Secret Service . Thus Singer , who had directed the first two X-Men films , made his return as a director , and brought along most of the crew from those productions . With a budget of $ 200 million , principal photography began in Montreal , Quebec in April 2013 and concluded in August the same year , with additional filming and pick-ups taking place in November 2013 and February 2014 . Twelve companies handled the visual effects . X-Men : Days of Future Past premiered in New York City on May 10 , 2014 , and was theatrically released on May 23 . It became the best-reviewed film in the X-Men film series released thus far ( surpassed only by Logan in 2017 ) , being praised for its story , visual effects , action scenes , acting and thematic elements . During its theatrical run , the film earned over $ 747 million worldwide , making it the 6th highest grossing film of 2014 , as well as the second highest-grossing film in the series behind Deadpool . The film received an Academy Award nomination for Best Visual Effects , making it the first X-Men film to be nominated for an Oscar . A sequel , X-Men : Apocalypse , was released on May 27 , 2016 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "da321c0d37dd34d064a313286ff15be8", "text": "List of The New York Times Manga Best Sellers The New York Times Best Seller list for manga published in the United States was introduced on March 5 , 2009 , along with two additional lists for hardcover and paperback graphic novels . The three lists are grouped under the `` Graphic Books '' category . Deborah Hoffman , an editor for the Best Seller lists , explained that the term `` Graphic Books '' was selected to create an `` inclusive and expansive '' list which can extend to works of both fiction and non-fiction . Journalist George Gustines announced , in his introduction of the new lists , `` Comics have finally joined the mainstream . '' The announcement was made the week the film Watchmen , based on the comic book of the same name , was released in movie theaters throughout the U.S. . The Best Seller lists are printed weekly in The New York Times Book Review magazine , which is published in the Sunday edition of The New York Times and as a stand-alone publication . Gustines explained the methodology used to determine the rankings : Rankings reflect sales of graphic novels -LSB- ... -RSB- at many thousands of venues where a wide range of books are sold nationwide . These include hundreds of independent book retailers ( statistically weighted to represent all such outlets ) ; national , regional and local chains ; online and multimedia entertainment retailers ; university , gift , supermarket , discount department stores and newsstands . In addition , these rankings also include unit sales reported by retailers nationwide that specialize in graphic novels and comic books . On multiple occasions , manga have been listed outside its designated list . Mike Kiley , then-Senior Vice President of the publisher Tokyopop , explained in 2010 that it has become more difficult to draw a distinguishing line between works that are manga and manga-inspired , such as Korean manhwa and American original English language ( OEL ) manga . A Drifting Life , an autobiographical manga by Yoshihiro Tatsumi , appeared on the May 3 , 2009 , Best Seller list for paperback graphic novels , where it ranked third . X-Men : Misfits , an original English manga based on the X-Men comic book franchise , ranked fifth at its debut on the August 30 , 2009 , paperback graphic novels list , and stayed on the chart for five consecutive weeks . The first volume of a manhwa adaptation of the popular vampire-themed Twilight novels by Stephenie Meyer remained on the hardcover graphic novels Best Seller list for 27 consecutive weeks in 2010 . In January 2017 , the Times decided to stop producing the separate manga best seller list .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab776c8e054188f0657ac63f8105ecf6", "text": "Film series A film series ( also referred to as a film franchise ) is a collection of related films in succession that share the same fictional universe , or are marketed as a series . Sometimes the work is conceived from the beginning as a multiple-film work , for example the Three Colours series , but in most cases the success of the original film inspires further films to be made . Individual sequels are relatively common , but are not always successful enough to spawn further installments . The Marvel Cinematic Universe is the highest grossing film series in unadjusted US Dollar figures surpassing the Harry Potter , Star Wars , James Bond , and Peter Jackson 's The Lord of the Rings series . However , `` Star Wars '' has the highest when adjusted for inflation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ced05eef9ffac83662b4e2c14f405499", "text": "Captain Marvel (DC Comics) Captain Marvel , also known as Shazam , is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics . Artist C. C. Beck and writer Bill Parker created the character in 1939 . Captain Marvel first appeared in Whiz Comics # 2 ( cover-dated Feb. 1940 ) , published by Fawcett Comics . He is the alter ego of Billy Batson , a boy who , by speaking the magic word `` SHAZAM '' ( acronym of 6 Greek `` immortal elders '' - Solomon , Hercules , Atlas , Zeus , Achilles , and Mercury ) , can transform himself into a costumed adult with the powers of superhuman strength , speed , flight , and other abilities . Based on book sales , the character was the most popular superhero of the 1940s , outselling even Superman . Fawcett expanded the franchise to include other `` Marvels '' , primarily Marvel Family associates Mary Marvel and Captain Marvel Jr. , who can harness Billy 's powers as well . Captain Marvel was also the first comic book superhero to be adapted into film , in a 1941 Republic Pictures serial titled Adventures of Captain Marvel . Fawcett ceased publishing Captain Marvel-related comics in 1953 , partly because of a copyright infringement suit from DC Comics , alleging that Captain Marvel was a copy of Superman . In 1972 , DC licensed the Marvel Family characters from Fawcett , and returned them to publication . By 1991 , DC had acquired all rights to the characters . DC has since integrated Captain Marvel and the Marvel Family into their DC Universe and has attempted to revive the property several times , with mixed success . Due to trademark conflicts over another character named `` Captain Marvel '' owned by Marvel Comics since 1967 , DC chose to publish the character 's adventures in a comic book titled Shazam ! for many years , leading many to assume that this was the character 's name . DC later officially renamed the character `` Shazam '' when relaunching its comic book properties in 2011 . In addition , since 1972 , the character has been featured in two television series adaptations , one live action and one animated , by Filmation , and an upcoming Warner Bros. . Shazam ! feature film scheduled for release in 2019 as part of the DC Extended Universe . Captain Marvel was ranked as the 55th greatest comic book character of all time by Wizard magazine . IGN also ranked Captain Marvel as the 50th greatest comic book hero of all time , stating that the character will always be an enduring reminder of a simpler time . UGO Networks ranked him as one of the top heroes of entertainment , saying , `` At his best , Shazam has always been Superman with a sense of crazy , goofy fun '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "68769985a638d31ccf597e3b13f68cfc", "text": "X-Men: Legacy X-Men : Legacy is a comic book series published by Marvel Comics featuring the mutant superhero team , the X-Men . The title began its publication in October 1991 as X-Men . From 2001 until 2004 it was published as New X-Men . It had reverted in issue # 157 to its original title , but changed again from issue # 208 to X-Men : Legacy . Prior to the name change , the series is usually referred to as X-Men , vol . 2 because the first series , currently Uncanny X-Men , was titled The X-Men prior to 1981 . In addition , a new unrelated ongoing series titled X-Men was later released starting in 2010 , and is generally referred to as X-Men , vol . 3 . X-Men : Legacy was relaunched in 2012 as part of Marvel NOW ! with a new issue # 1 . The new volume , written by Simon Spurrier , focuses on Legion , son of the recently deceased Professor X , and his mission to preemptively help mutantkind while attempting to get his many personalities under control . The volume ended its run after 25 issues in March 2014 , but not before reverting to its original numbering with the final issue , X-Men : Legacy # 300 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bf61ee0fedee0527413c46267782d11c", "text": "X-Cell X-Cell is a terrorist organization in the Marvel Comics universe .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b745d737f327c072b5ae2865b0a97bff", "text": "Fixx Fixx is a fictional mutant character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . The character is depicted as originating from an alternate future . She is a member of X-Factor , X.S.E. , and X.U.E. . She first appeared in X-Factor ( 1st . series ) # 140 . Fixx was created by Howard Mackie and Duncan Rouleau .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d234d4a641c49429238cb1950043a61a", "text": "Events from the Modern Age of Comic Books One of the key aspects of the Modern Age of Comic Books was that it was the beginning of big events . In 1984 , Marvel Comics debuted the first large crossover , Secret Wars , a storyline featuring the company 's most prolific superheroes , which overlapped into a 12-issue limited series and many monthly comic books . A year later , DC Comics introduced its first large scale crossover , Crisis on Infinite Earths , which had long-term effects on the `` DC Universe '' continuity . In the early and mid-1990s , big events were regularly published by Marvel and DC , often leading to extra publicity and sales . These events helped fend-off competition from Image Comics , and such events were more likely to become `` collector 's items . '' Some events , such as DC 's `` Zero Hour '' and Marvel 's `` Onslaught saga '' spanned a publisher 's entire line while others only affected a `` family '' of interrelated titles . The X-Men and Batman franchises featured crossovers almost annually . Some of the most significant mid-1990s events , such as Spider-Man 's `` Clone Saga , '' Batman 's `` Batman : Knightfall '' and particularly , `` The Death of Superman '' caused dramatic changes to long-running characters and received coverage in the mainstream media . These events led to significant sales boosts and publicity , but many fans began to criticize them as excessive and lacking compelling storytelling . They also complained that monthly series had become inaccessible because one had to follow a number of comics to understand the full storyline . By the end of the 1990s , the number of large crossovers decreased , but they were still launched sporadically .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "29aa14bee0c8fbc436f762022f1fa8d9", "text": "Fantastic Four Adventures Fantastic Four Adventures is part of Marvel UK 's ` Collector 's Edition ' line . It is being published by Panini Comics but reprints Marvel Comics from the United States . It began in 2005 around the release of the Fantastic Four film and follows the format established by the Collector 's Edition Range . Fantastic Four Adventures is sold once every 28 days through newsagents , although a subscription offer is available . Fantastic Four Adventures retailed at # 2.40 upon its release , but rising in printing costs have seen the price rise to # 2.50 and then onto the current price of # 2.95 . It was announced at the end of 2011 that Fantastic Four Adventures would cease publication with its final issue in March 2012 , only to be replaced by a new CE , Incredible Hulks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5634cf8095139d0e09af1034178a7070", "text": "Dark X-Men The Dark X-Men are a fictional team appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . They made their debut during the crossover between Dark Avengers and Uncanny X-Men written by Matt Fraction , as part of the broader Dark Reign storyline . Each member but Namor has been handpicked by then -- H.A.M.M.E.R. director Norman Osborn for his own criminal agenda . The team was never officially called the `` Dark X-Men '' ( which was the name of the comics series , not the team ) . Instead , they were simply called the `` X-Men '' and were a government-sponsored team trying to take advantage of the name recognition of Charles Xavier 's X-Men , to which they had no official connection ( much like Osborn 's Avengers team was pretending to be the real Avengers ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c0e28e346b4d727d8278bcce762ef5b1", "text": "X-Men in television The fictional X-Men created by Marvel Comics has appeared in multiple forms of media besides comics , including on television numerous times , in both live action and animated television programs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e80394d6788fb9102e833fc5ac35a2e4", "text": "X-Men: Mutant Wars X-Men : Mutant Wars is a side-scrolling beat 'em up game for Game Boy Color released in 2000 . It is the second X-Men titled released for the system . It was released to coincide with the release of the successful X-Men film on DVD .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7f2669a9e7f395360affae1688edb2ec", "text": "Superman/Fantastic Four Superman/Fantastic Four , subtitled `` The Infinite Destruction , '' is an intercompany comic book jointly published by DC Comics and Marvel Comics in July 1999 . The tale unites DC 's first superhero Superman and Marvel 's first superhero team , the Fantastic Four -- pitting them against the Cyborg Superman ( who gained notoriety in 1993 during DC 's `` Reign of the Supermen '' story arc ) and the longtime FF foe Galactus . It was written by Dan Jurgens , with art by Jurgens and Art Thibert . The cover features painted art by Alex Ross , based on a layout by Jurgens .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f7178d2a6fee9c52972ad3fbd5c966aa", "text": "Marvel Productions Marvel Productions Ltd. , later known as New World Animation Ltd. , was the television and film studio subsidiary of the Marvel Entertainment Group , based in Hollywood , Los Angeles , California . It later became a subsidiary of New World Entertainment and eventually of News Corporation ( Fox Entertainment Group ) . Marvel Productions produced animated television series , motion pictures , and television specials such as Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends , The Incredible Hulk , My Little Pony : The Movie , The Transformers : The Movie , and G.I. Joe : The Movie as well as the Transformers and G.I. Joe : A Real American Hero television series . Most of Marvel Productions ' back catalog ( mostly non-Hasbro related productions ) is currently owned by The Walt Disney Company .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0ef39a4cda4adbb0060de2eb8f3a2da8", "text": "X-Men (TV series) X-Men , also known as X-Men : The Animated Series , is an American animated television series which debuted on October 31 , 1992 , in the United States on the Fox Network , as part of its Fox Kids Saturday morning lineup . X-Men was Marvel Comics ' second attempt at an animated X-Men TV series after the pilot , X-Men : Pryde of the X-Men , was not picked up .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab0a2199adf4dd05435457dcf771db32", "text": "X-Men: Next Dimension X-Men : Next Dimension ( alternatively titled X-Men : Mutant Academy 3 ) is a fighting game , released in 2002 for the PlayStation 2 , Xbox and GameCube video game consoles . It is the third and final installment in the X-Men : Mutant Academy fighting game series , following X-Men : Mutant Academy and X-Men : Mutant Academy 2 . Next Dimension expands upon the concept of the first two games by adding several new characters , 3-D maps , and a story mode , which allows the player to fight a series of battles in between short movies that move the plot along . The plot of the story mode is loosely based on the comic story `` Operation : Zero Tolerance '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ceb864aeeda851a9e3d52c7fd6ac9655", "text": "Here Comes Tomorrow `` Here Comes Tomorrow '' is the eighth and final story arc in Grant Morrison 's run on the Marvel Comics series New X-Men , which ran from issues # 151-154 ( 2005 ) . The storyline featured many controversial elements , such as Cyclops moving forward with his relationship with Emma Frost ( prompted by his dead wife ) , the Stepford Cuckoos being revealed as a development in the Weapon Plus Program , John Sublime being a sentient bacterium bent on bringing evolution to a halt and hints that the Xavier Institute student Ernst and Cassandra Nova are the same person . The Official Handbook to the Marvel Universe : Alternate Universes has given the numerical designation of Earth-15104 to the Here Comes Tomorrow timeline .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7ca80f762d3294219cb9ddef89d5ab65", "text": "X-Men Forever X-Men Forever is the name of three comic book series published by Marvel Comics featuring the mutant superhero group the X-Men . The first is a 2001 miniseries , unrelated to the others . The second and third are the work of writer Chris Claremont .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c6aec0a007e477d6278c4bf612f0f5b6", "text": "Planet X (comics) `` Planet X '' is 2004 storyline published by Marvel Comics that ran from New X-Men # 146-150 . The story is the penultimate arc of Grant Morrison 's run as writer on the X-Men , and features the return of Magneto and the death of Jean Grey again .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9aea12ef24682f2fe795e3a1ba0caf0b", "text": "Hellfire Club (comics) The Hellfire Club is a fictional society appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . The Hellfire Club often comes into confrontation with the mutant superhero team , the X-Men . Although the Club appears to merely be an international social club for wealthy elites , its clandestine Inner Circle seeks to influence world events , in accordance with their own agenda . Created by the Uncanny X-Men writer/artist duo of Chris Claremont and John Byrne , they were heavily influenced by a 1966 episode of the British television series The Avengers ( `` A Touch of Brimstone '' ) . The name `` Hellfire Club '' in fact has a historical precedent , having been a popular name for gentlemen 's clubs in the 18th century . Additionally , the hierarchy of the Inner Circle is modeled on the pieces of a chess set , with Black and White sets of Kings , Queens , Bishops and Rooks . The Hellfire Club and its Inner Circle were introduced in `` The Dark Phoenix Saga '' , attempting to subvert the X-Men 's Jean Grey . This incarnation , composed most notably of Black King Sebastian Shaw and White Queen Emma Frost , would remain prominent for many years . After their initial confrontations , the Hellfire Club and the X-Men settled into an uneasy alliance . This eventually changed as endless power struggles perpetuated a series of upheavals within the Inner Circle . The club has appeared in two X-Men animated series ( X-Men : The Animated Series and Wolverine and the X-Men ) , both times being renamed as simply The Inner Circle , due to the hesitations to use the word Hellfire in animated children series . Members of the Hellfire Club appeared in 2011 's X-Men : First Class as the main villains , led by Sebastian Shaw and Emma Frost .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1c9d150a583ae9dd0c39c70572dc3b70", "text": "Infinite Comics Infinite Comics is an imprint of comic books published by Marvel Comics , featuring original , made-for-digital stories about the company 's superhero characters , including Spider-Man , Wolverine , the Guardians of the Galaxy , the Silver Surfer , the X-Men and the Avengers . The imprint was launched in 2012 with the publication of Avengers vs. X-Men # 1 : Infinite featuring Nova . Infinite Comics are designed for horizontal , on-screen reading . Rather than telling a story over a series of static pages that are divided into panels , Infinite Comics present screens of content that `` take advantage of the digital format with techniques that would not be possible in a print comic , like dynamic panel transitions and captions or dialogue boxes that appear sequentially on an image at the prompting of the reader . '' The user retains control over the pace of the reading experience , advancing the story with each swipe -- sometimes staggering elements into the existing screen ( for example , a new word balloon ) and at other times revealing an entirely new screen . This narrative technique was inspired by the work of a French comic book artist , Yves Bigerel ( alias `` Balak '' ) , who was recruited by Marvel as artistic consultant , storyboarder and artist .", "title": "" } ]	fever
a6d2c56b71e111ac897ae3de4a3c893c	Ministate is also called micronation.	[ { "docid": "3d518bd501a952ca2337119dfeeabcab", "text": "Ministate A ministate or microstate is a sovereign state having a very small population or very small land area , and usually both . As the meaning of neither `` state '' nor `` very small '' is well-defined in international law , 2010 's attempts to define microstates focus on identifying political entities with unique qualitative features linked to their geographic or demographic limitations . According to a qualitative definition , microstates are : `` modern protected states , i.e. sovereign states that have been able to unilaterally depute certain attributes of sovereignty to larger powers in exchange for benign protection of their political and economic viability against their geographic or demographic constraints . '' In line with this and most other definitions the examples of microstates include : Liechtenstein , Monaco , San Marino , Andorra , the Cook Islands , Niue and the Federated States of Micronesia . The smallest political unit recognized as a sovereign state is Vatican City , with 842 citizens as of July 2013 and an area of only 44 ha . However , some scholars dispute qualifying the Vatican as a state arguing that it does not meet the `` traditional criteria of statehood '' and that the `` special status of the Vatican City is probably best regarded as a means of ensuring that the Pope can freely exercise his spiritual functions , and in this respect is loosely analogous to that of the headquarters of international organisations . '' Microstates are distinct from micronations , which are not recognized as sovereign states . Special territories without full sovereignty , such as the British Crown Dependencies , the Chinese Special Administrative Regions and overseas territories of Denmark , France , the Netherlands , Australia , Norway and the United Kingdom , are also not considered microstates .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "99deb149e2378553f5450aa5ae7e3394", "text": "Microfilaria Microfilaria may also refer to an informal `` collective group '' genus name , proposed by Cobbold in 1882 . While a convenient category for newly discovered microfilariae which can not be assigned to a known species because the adults are unknown , it is seldom used today . The microfilaria ( plural microfilariae , sometimes abbreviated mf ) is an early stage in the life cycle of certain parasitic nematodes in the family Onchocercidae . In these species , the adults live in a tissue or the circulatory system of vertebrates ( the `` definitive hosts '' ) . They release microfilariae into the bloodstream of the vertebrate host . The microfilariae are taken up by blood-feeding arthropod vectors ( the `` intermediate hosts '' ) . In the intermediate host the microfilariae develop into infective larvae that can be transmitted to a new vertebrate host . The presence of microfilariae in the host bloodstream is called `` microfilaraemia '' . The success of filariasis eradication programs is typically gauged by the reduction in numbers of circulating microfilariae in infested individuals within a geographic area .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "21e2a5f6501fdea9b15185e827f8d039", "text": "Small Science Small Science refers ( in contrast to Big Science ) to science performed in a smaller scale , such as by individuals , small teams or within community projects . Bodies which fund research , such as the National Science Foundation , DARPA , and the EU with its Framework programs , have a tendency to fund larger-scale research projects . Reasons include the idea that ambitious research needs significant resources devoted for its execution and the reduction of administrative and overhead costs on the funding body side . However , small science which has data that is often local and is not easily shared is funded in many areas such as chemistry and biology by these funding bodies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ba3fb9d7dc67c4c97c402253b6811137", "text": "Nanometre The nanometre ( International spelling as used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures ; SI symbol : nm ) or nanometer ( American spelling ) is a unit of length in the metric system , equal to one billionth of a metre ( m ) . The name combines the SI prefix nano - ( from the Ancient Greek νάνος , nanos , `` dwarf '' ) with the parent unit name metre ( from Greek μέτρον , metrοn , `` unit of measurement '' ) . It can be written in scientific notation as , in engineering notation as , and is simply metres . One nanometre equals ten ångströms . When used as a prefix for something other than a unit of measure ( as in `` nanoscience '' ) , nano refers to nanotechnology , or phenomena typically occurring on a scale of nanometres ( see nanoscopic scale ) . The nanometre is often used to express dimensions on an atomic scale : the diameter of a helium atom , for example , is about 0.1 nm , and that of a ribosome is about 20 nm . The nanometre is also commonly used to specify the wavelength of electromagnetic radiation near the visible part of the spectrum : visible light ranges from around 400 to 700 nm . The ångström , which is equal to 0.1 nm , was formerly used for these purposes , but is still used in other fields . Since the late 1980s , in usages such as 32 nm and 22 nm , it has also been used to describe typical feature sizes in successive generations of the ITRS Roadmap for miniaturization in the semiconductor industry .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a739f5f8c79be400f0d81e47efe9a73b", "text": "Synactive Theory of Newborn Behavioral Organization and Development The Synactive Theory of Newborn Behavioral Organization and Development ( Synaction n. , or Synactive adj. -LSB- from the Greek syn `` together '' and the Latin actio `` action , '' resulting in : `` together in action '' -RSB- ) suggests that development of the human fetus , and later newborn , proceeds through the constant balancing of approach and avoidance behaviors , leading to : 1 ) a continuous interaction of the subsystems ( i.e. , Autonomic , Motor , State and Attention/Interaction , and Regulatory ) and their increasingly defined delineations within the organism , that is the infant , and 2 ) the organism 's interaction with the environment at large . This process is aimed at bringing about the increasingly well-defined species-unique developmental agenda . Figure 1 ( below ) , provides a graphic representation of the Synactive Theory of development , as applied to both fetal and newborn stages . It focuses upon the infant 's within-organism , four subsystems of functioning , and their continuous interaction with each other and with the environment across time ( i.e. , `` together in action , '' or synaction ) . The four subsystems include the : Autonomic Subsystem : Expressed in the pattern of respiration ( e.g. , fast , slow , pauses ) color changes ( e.g. , pink , pale , red ) , neurological indicators ( e.g. , seizures , tremulousness ) , and visceral or gut signals such as bowel movements , gagging , and hiccoughing ; Motor Subsystem : Observable through the tone , posture and movement patterns of the infant ; State and Attention/Interaction Subsystem : Expressed via : 1 ) the range of states available to the infant ( i.e. , deep sleep , light sleep , drowsy , alert , hyperalert , and cry ) , 2 ) how clearly it is to observably differentiate one state from the other , and 3 ) the patterns of transitions from one state to another ( e.g. , smooth well-differentiated state transitions versus abrupt unorganized state transitions ) . The attention/interaction system is set within this state continuum ( i.e. , from deep sleep to cry ) and represented by the infant 's ability to adjust the robustness and increasing refinement of an alert , attentive state . The infant uses this state to take in cognitive and social information from the environment as well as to bring forth and modify inputs from the surrounding world ; and Regulatory Subsystem : Behaviorally represented via the observable strategies the infant uses ( Self-Regulation ) in maintaining a balanced , relatively stable and relaxed state of subsystem of functioning or in returning to this a state of subsystem functioning if imbalance , or stress has occurred within the subsystems . An additional component of the regulatory subsystem is observable in the kind and amount of support offered by the caregiver ( e.g. , supporting a soft , tucked , flexed position of the infant 's arms and legs ) or by the environment ( e.g. , dimming the lights in the nursery ) . This Co-Regulation may be necessary to help the infant 's return to balance in situations when his/her own self-regulatory capacities are exceeded . Reproduced with permission from Als , H. Toward a synactive theory of development : Promise for the assessment of infant individuality . Infant Mental Health Journal . 1982 : ( 3 ) : 229-243 ; p. 234 . The graphic representation of the Synactive Theory above depicts the developing organism , that is , the infant , in constant interaction with the environment from within the womb to the newborn intensive care unit ( NICU ) , and the caregiving family 's support in the NICU , to the family in their home . Newborn infants are actively striving for their next steps in development , while depending upon `` good enough '' environments and care to assure progress along their developmental agenda . The Synactive Theory of Development continues to be instrumental in guiding clinicians ( e.g. , neonatologist , nurses , psychologists , developmental specialists , physical/occupational therapists , etc. ) and researchers in their understanding of the often very small steps in development that prematurely born and other high risk newborns attempt to accomplish ( which are major steps for their immature or injured brain ) . This theory gives professionals the framework and tools with which to identify the infant 's strengths , challenges and accomplishments . Such accomplishments may include breathing , sucking and swallowing in a coordinated sequence ; moving food down into and through the stomach and intestinal track instead of upwards , leading to reflux and vomiting ; looking at the caregiver and breathing at the same time , as well as many others . The Synactive Theory is the foundation of both : 1 ) the Assessment of Preterm Infants ' Behavior ( APIB ) , a standardized comprehensive newborn test , and 2 ) the Newborn Individualized Developmental Care and Assessment Program ( NIDCAP ) , which is the care and intervention approach , that focuses on each infant 's behavioral cues ( e.g. , hand ( s ) to mouth , bracing with feet against a supporting surface ) in order to support the infant 's strengths and reduce the infant 's vulnerabilities . The infant 's family is viewed as the infant 's most important nurturer and is integrated in all care from the infant 's birth on throughout the infant 's hospitalization .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5ac731a883eb8a53fa98d1201acaaa09", "text": "Mini Israel Mini Israel is a miniature park located near Latrun , Israel in the Ayalon Valley . Opened in November 2002 , the site contains miniature replicas of hundreds of buildings and landmarks in Israel . The tourist attraction consists of about 350 large models of notable buildings . The scale of 1:25 produces skyscrapers that tower over an adult and historic churches taller than a child .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b15bc97f098f4b0e1d15bbeccbaeb218", "text": "Microsegmenting Microsegmentation is a marketing process that uses techniques such as data mining , artificial intelligence , and algorithms to recognize and predict minute consumer spending and behavioral patterns . The collected information is used to help marketers identify extremely precise microsegments ( down to the individual consumer level . ) Microsegments can then be the focus of personalized direct micromarketing and micropromotion campaigns . This form of micromarketing considers that each consumer has different ideas and feelings about a company 's products , services , prices , and promotions , and sets out to recognize these differences and respond to them in an appropriate manner .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "608383e18464729f21d30dcb79b143b3", "text": "Microbundle In mathematics , a microbundle is a generalization of the concept of vector bundle , introduced by the American mathematician John Milnor in 1964 . It allows the creation of bundle-like objects in situations where they would not ordinarily be thought to exist . For example , the tangent bundle is defined for a smooth manifold but not a topological manifold . Use of microbundles allows the definition of a topological tangent bundle .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5bd060caefadf3d4f4bdab953b8616dd", "text": "Mini truck Mini truck , also called a micro-truck , are tiny but practical light trucks , available in RWD or 4WD version , originally built to satisfy the Japanese keijidōsha statutory class of light vehicles . Generally they fall under sub 1000cc engine category . These vehicles find their use in intra-city low tonnage cargo delivery , like postal and courier services or home delivery of appliances from dealer to the customer i.e. light loads over short distances .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cff101edecfd989ac09fe31e326dc103", "text": "Microsystem Microsystem is the name commonly used in Europe to describe the same technology which goes under the name MEMS ( Micro Electro Mechanical Systems ) in the US . In Japan , this field is often termed micromachines . It is also traditionally used to describe microchips , microcomputers , microcontrollers and operating systems built upon VLSIs and sensors . For instance , Sun Microsystems within Oracle was once a splendid company that produces computers . Microsystems are miniaturized ( silicon or polymer ) devices which perform electrical and non-electronic functions : typically sensing and actuation . Typical microsystems have mechanical parts , like microbridges in RF switches or bending cantilevers in atomic force microscopes ( AFMs ) ; electrical parts like piezoresistors in airbag sensors or capacitors in pressure sensors ; or thermal , optical and fluidic structures like heaters and nozzles in inkjet printer or flow sensors . In biomicrosystems ( BioMEMS ) cells or microbeads are handled by fluidic streams , magnetic and electric fields , thermal gradients etc. . In chemical microsystems operations like sample pretreatment , separation and detection are built on microchips . This field is also known as microfluidics or lab-on-a-chip . Today it is possible to build up microsystems without any tooling needed by computer-aided direct parallel batch processing technologies called RMPD Rapid Micro Product Development . Microsystems with advanced capabilities and own intelligence are commonly referred to as smart systems . ` Microsystem ' is also a term for systems of acupuncture points that are typically not located on the ` meridians ' such points tend to cluster on . ` Clinical Microsystems ' is also a term used to describe a small group of people who work together on a regular basis to provide care to a group of people . A clinical microsystem can range from simple to vastly complex .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "00b148d8bb04fbd92791bfd0e74f7661", "text": "Aerican Empire The Aerican Empire ( conventionally referred to in short form as Aerica ) is a micronation founded in May 1987 , which has no sovereign territory of its own and has never been recognized by any other sovereign state as existing . The name is cultured from the term `` American Empire '' . In 2000 The New York Times described its website as `` one of the more imaginative '' micronation sites . Its members claim sovereignty over a vast disconnected territory , including a square kilometer of land in Australia , a house-sized area in Montreal , Quebec , Canada ( containing the `` Embassy to Everything Else '' ) , several other areas of the Earth , a colony on Mars , the northern hemisphere of Pluto , and an imaginary planet . As with most micronations , the number of members ( citizens ) has fluctuated wildly with time . In May 2009 , it was reported to exceed 400 people . Their flag is similar to the flag of Canada , with a large yellow smiley face instead of the red maple leaf in the white square ( although the red rectangles on the sides have different side length ratios ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "62ea294d7fadf5c29b48ed99bb590777", "text": "Microearthquake A microearthquake ( or microquake ) is a very low intensity earthquake which is 2.0 or less in magnitude . They are very rarely felt beyond 8 km from their epicenter . In addition to having natural tectonic causes , they may also be seen as a result of underground nuclear testing or even large detonations of conventional explosives for producing excavations . They normally cause no damage to life or property , and are very rarely felt by people . Microquakes occur often near volcanoes as they approach an eruption , and frequently in certain regions exploited for geothermal energy , such as near Geyserville in Northern California . These occur so continuously that the current USGS event map for that location usually shows a substantial number of small earthquakes at that location .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e7ca4eb20d0dfa38e609d2fec364f032", "text": "Nano- Nano - ( symbol n ) is a unit prefix meaning `` one billionth '' . Used primarily with the metric system , this prefix denotes a factor of 10 − 9 or . It is frequently encountered in science and electronics for prefixing units of time and length . Examples : One nanometer is about the length that a fingernail grows in one second . Three gold atoms lined up are about one nanometer long . If a toy marble were scaled down to one nanometer wide , Earth would scale to about one meter ( 3.3 feet ) wide . One nanosecond is about the time required for light to travel 30 cm in air , or 20 cm in an optical fiber . The prefix derives from the Greek -LSB- Wiktionary : νᾶνος , νᾶνος -RSB- ( Latin nanus ) , meaning `` dwarf '' . The General Conference on Weights and Measures ( CGPM ) officially endorsed the usage of nano as a standard prefix in 1960 . When used as a prefix for something other than a unit of measure ( as for example in words like `` nanoscience '' ) , nano refers to nanotechnology , or means `` on a scale of nanometres '' . See nanoscopic scale .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "22ec5bcde8c9f78a9f41b145b10fdf9b", "text": "Superstate A superstate is defined as `` a large and powerful State formed when several smaller countries unite '' , `` A large and powerful state formed from a federation or union of nations '' . This is distinct from the concept of superpower , although these are frequently seen together . It is also distinct from the concept of empire , where one nation dominates other nations through military , political , and economic power , although an empire may also be a superstate . In the early 20th century , `` superstate '' had a similar definition as today 's supranational organisations . In a 1927 article by Edward A. Harriman on the League of Nations , a superstate was defined as merely `` an organisation , of which a state is a member , which is superior to the member themselves '' , in that '' -LSB- a -RSB- complete superstate has legislative , executive and judicial organs to make , to execute and to interpret its laws '' . According to this definition , Harriman saw the League of Nations as a `` rudimentary superstate '' , and the United States as `` an example of a complete and perfect superstate '' . In World Order of Bahá ` u 'll áh , first published in 1938 , Shoghi Effendi , the Guardian of the Bahá ' í Faith , described the anticipated world government of that religion as the `` world 's future super-state '' with the Bahá ' í Faith as the `` State Religion of an independent and Sovereign Power . '' In the 1970s , academic literature used the term `` superstate '' to indicate a particularly rich and powerful state , in a similar fashion to the term superpower . In contemporary political debate , especially the one centred on the European Union , the term `` superstate '' is used to indicate a ( usually deemed unwelcome ) development in which the Union takes over the character of a State ( including the monopoly on violence ) thus abolishing the sovereignty and independence of its member states . For instance , Glyn Morgan opposes the perspective of a `` European superstate '' to the ones of `` a Europe of nation-states '' and of `` a post-sovereign European polity '' . In her definition , a `` European superstate is nothing more than a sovereign state - a tried and tested type of polity that predominates in the modern world - operating on a European wide scale '' , i.e. , `` a unitary European state '' The term was famously used by Margaret Thatcher in her 1988 Bruges speech , when she decried the perspective of `` a European super-state exercising a new dominance from Brussels '' , and has since entered the eurosceptic lexicon . Tony Blair argued in 2000 that he welcomed an EU as a `` superpower , not a superstate ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3d073901e5e5a07b923fc9dc5f8d07b4", "text": "Microlearning Micro-learning deals with relatively small learning units and short-term learning activities . Generally , the term `` microlearning '' refers to micro-perspectives in the context of learning , education and training . More frequently , the term is used in the domain of e-learning and related fields in the sense of a new paradigmatic perspective on learning processes in mediated environments .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b0a21c4e05e62e9e3f5ef1164c7e1942", "text": "Microcontent There are at least two interpretations of the term microcontent . Usability adviser Jakob Nielsen originally referred to microcontent as small groups of words that can be skimmed by a person to get a clear idea of the content of a Web page . He included article headlines , page titles , subject lines and e-mail headings . Such phrases also may be taken out of context and displayed on a directory , search result page , bookmark list , etc. . The second use of the term extends it to other small information chunks that can stand alone or be used in a variety of contexts , including instant messages , blog posts , RSS feeds , and abstracts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b4490498aa70011d2b1452e0dd6ec07a", "text": "Microorganism A microorganism or microbe is a microscopic organism , which may be single-celled or multicellular . The study of microorganisms is called microbiology , a subject that began with the discovery of microorganisms in the 1670s by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek . Robert Hooke coined the term `` cell '' after viewing plant cells under his microscope . Later , in the 19th century , Louis Pasteur found that microorganisms caused food spoilage , debunking the theory of spontaneous generation . In 1876 Robert Koch discovered that microorganisms cause diseases . Microorganisms are very diverse and include all bacteria , archaea and most protozoa . This group also contains some fungi , algae , and some micro-animals such as rotifers . Many macroscopic animals and plants have microscopic juvenile stages . Some microbiologists classify viruses and viroids as microorganisms , but others consider these as nonliving . In July 2016 , scientists identified a set of 355 genes from the last universal common ancestor of all life , including microorganisms , living on Earth . Microorganisms live in every part of the biosphere , including soil , hot springs , inside rocks at least 12 mi deep underground , the deepest parts of the ocean , and at least 40 mi high in the atmosphere . Microorganisms , under certain test conditions , have been observed to thrive in the vacuum of outer space . Microorganisms likely far outweigh all other living things combined . The mass of prokaryote microorganisms including the bacteria and archaea may be as much as 0.8 trillion tons of carbon , out of the total biomass of between 1 and 4 trillion tons . Microorganisms appear to thrive in the Mariana Trench , the deepest spot in the Earth 's oceans . Other researchers reported related studies that microorganisms thrive inside rocks up to 580 m below the sea floor under 2590 m of ocean off the coast of the northwestern United States , as well as 2400 m beneath the seabed off Japan . In August 2014 , scientists confirmed the existence of microorganisms living 800 m below the ice of Antarctica . According to one researcher , `` You can find microbes everywhere -- they 're extremely adaptable to conditions , and survive wherever they are . '' Microorganisms are crucial to nutrient recycling in ecosystems as they act as decomposers . As some microorganisms can fix nitrogen , they are a vital part of the nitrogen cycle , and recent studies indicate that airborne microorganisms may play a role in precipitation and weather . Microorganisms are also exploited in biotechnology , both in traditional food and beverage preparation , and in modern technologies based on genetic engineering . A small proportion of microorganisms are pathogenic , causing disease and even death in plants and animals .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d696859b5ac6dbe19d622f492f29959b", "text": "Semi-biotic systems Semi-biotic systems are systems that incorporate biologically derived components/modules -- which could range from multi-protein complexes through DNA constructs to multi-cellular assemblies -- and integrate them with synthetic components ( e.g. microfabricated systems ) to produce hybrid devices . One of the potential attractions of these hybrid devices is the possibility that they can be designed to exhibit higher degrees of adaptability and autonomy than is possible with solid-state devices . Examples include : artificial organelle-like systems that could accomplish the synthesis of complex biomacromolecules , or synthetic multi-cellular structures that incorporate specific sensing and reporting functionalities , such that they could be used in hybrid devices for chemical or biological agent sensing . Semi-biotic systems is an emerging area of research within the broader area of Synthetic Biology . In the European community a programme entitled NEONUCLEI was funded under FP7 whose aim is to generate synthetic analogues of cell nuclei capable of sustaining transcription , in self-assembled systems comprising DNA , macromolecules ( or nanoparticles ) , and lipids .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c845759e1b330b8a23f347c77951c89b", "text": "Mima mounds Mima mounds -LSB- ˈmaɪmə -RSB- are low , flattened , circular to oval , domelike , natural mounds that are composed of loose , unstratified , often gravelly sediment that is an overthickened A horizon . These mounds range in diameter from 3 to more than 50 m ; in height 30 cm to greater than 2 m ; and in density from several to greater than 50 mounds per hectare , at times forming conspicuous natural patterns . Mima mounds can be seen at the Mima Mounds Natural Area Preserve in Washington State . Theories for the origin of Mima mounds include burrowing by pocket gophers ; accumulation of wind-blown ( aeolian ) sediments around vegetation to form coppice dunes or nebkhas ; seismic ground shaking by major earthquakes , though none have been observed to form Mima mounds ; and shrinking and swelling of clays in hog-wallow or gilgai landforms . Though the definitive Mima mounds are common in North America , it has not been shown that all North American mounds result from the same causes . Similar or at least reminiscent phenomena occur on all continents and the proposed causes do not occur in all regions that have been studied . Nor is it clear that all such mounds really are the same , either physically or functionally ; for example , the so-called fairy circles of Southern Africa tend to be less mound-like and occur in different climatic and ecological conditions . Furthermore , it has been argued that the possibly distinct heuweltjies of the South Western Cape region of South Africa are of an origin far different from either .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f443612c87923104461140b3b1f9f223", "text": "Microbarom In acoustics , microbaroms , also known as the `` voice of the sea '' , are a class of atmospheric infrasonic waves generated in marine storms by a non-linear interaction of ocean surface waves with the atmosphere . They typically have narrow-band , nearly sinusoidal waveforms with amplitudes up to a few microbars , and wave periods near 5 seconds ( 0.2 hertz ) . Due to low atmospheric absorption at these low frequencies , microbaroms can propagate thousands of kilometers in the atmosphere , and can be readily detected by widely separated instruments on the Earth 's surface . Microbaroms are a significant noise source that can potentially interfere with the detection of infrasound from nuclear explosions that is a goal of the International Monitoring System organized under the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty ( which has not entered into force ) . It is a particular problem for detecting low-yield tests in the one-kiloton range because the frequency spectra overlap .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0e042b790193b2210c5ac168a3fcef0b", "text": "Spinule Spinules are small spines or thorns ( vertebral columns ) that are part of biological and manmade structures . The word originates from the Latin word spinula and is often used in botany and zoology . The presence or absence of spinules , and their shape , can differentiate species and is used to describe and distinguish anatomical features . The development of spinules in the eye may be affected by dopamine , circadian rhythms , and exposure to light or dark environments , according to a studies of controlling mechanisms . Liquid Crystal Displays ( LCDs ) can employ an Anisotropic Conducting Film ( ACF ) that `` consists of an epoxy resin and nickel particles with spinules '' .", "title": "" } ]	fever
3b2124c0ec922f5d5b969c1ee7907973	Ken Russell was only involved with a film based upon The Who's 1969 album Who's Next.	[ { "docid": "2ce7038e041731ac8b3f9013730b25e8", "text": "Women in Love (film) Women in Love is a 1969 British romantic drama film directed by Ken Russell and starring Alan Bates , Oliver Reed , Glenda Jackson , and Jennie Linden . The film was adapted by Larry Kramer from D. H. Lawrence 's novel of the same name . The plot follows the relationships between two sisters and two men in a mining town in post First World War England . The two couples take markedly different directions . The film explores the nature of commitment and love . The film was nominated for four Academy Awards : Best Cinematography , Best Director and Best Writing , Screenplay Based on Material from Another Medium . Jackson won the Academy Award for Best Actress for her role , as well as a slew of critics ' honours .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "63200f10928b0415da06e894be297782", "text": "Ken Russell Henry Kenneth Alfred `` Ken '' Russell ( 3 July 1927 -- 27 November 2011 ) was an English film director , known for his pioneering work in television and film and for his flamboyant and controversial style . Critics have accused him of being obsessed with sexuality and the Roman Catholic Church . His films in the main were liberal adaptations of existing texts , or biographies , notably of composers of the Romantic era . Russell began directing for the BBC , where he made creative adaptations of composers ' lives which were unusual for the time . He also directed many feature films independently and for studios . He is best known for his Oscar-winning films Women in Love ( 1969 ) , The Devils ( 1971 ) , The Who 's Tommy ( 1975 ) , and the science fiction film Altered States ( 1980 ) . Russell also directed several films based on the lives of classical music composers , such as Elgar , Delius , Tchaikovsky , Mahler , and Liszt . Film critic Mark Kermode , speaking in 2006 , and attempting to sum up the director 's achievement , called Russell , `` somebody who proved that British cinema did n't have to be about kitchen-sink realism -- it could be every bit as flamboyant as Fellini . Later in his life he turned to making low-budget experimental films such as Lion 's Mouth and Revenge of the Elephant Man , and they are as edgy and ` out there ' as ever '' . Ken Russell died of natural causes on 27 November 2011 at the age of 84 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "d09e1553ce1b4dc4dcad84e965dfbccd", "text": "Don't Let Go the Coat `` Do n't Let Go the Coat '' is a song written by Pete Townshend and first released on The Who 's 1981 album Face Dances . It was released as a single following up on the first single from Face Dances , `` You Better You Bet '' , but did not achieve the same success , reaching number 47 in the UK and number 84 in the US . It has also been released on several compilation albums , and Pete Townshend himself released an alternate version of the song on his album Another Scoop .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "173269840442fc737f817daa58bded9d", "text": "A Dream of Kings (film) A Dream of Kings is a 1969 drama film directed by Daniel Mann , adapted from the novel of the same name by Harry Mark Petrakis . It stars Anthony Quinn and Irene Papas . It was nominated for an award at the 1970 Laurel Awards . It was also the final film for Inger Stevens , who committed suicide two months after the film 's release , and the first for Radames Pera , who played young Caine on the TV show Kung Fu .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9edb62bf3c6a61bcd43a73b744948047", "text": "The Who Tour 1971 The Who Tour 1971 was a series of performances and tours by The Who in which they performed material from Pete Townshend 's rock opera Lifehouse , much of which would then appear on their 1971 album Who 's Next .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6402763035e1d2651bbbfa452db1e482", "text": "The Guru (1969 film) The Guru is a 1969 film by Merchant Ivory Productions , with a screenplay by Ruth Prawer Jhabvala and James Ivory .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8817c6e18b5555c5da58cd68df585da6", "text": "Phobia (The Kinks album) Phobia is the twenty-fourth and final studio album by English rock group The Kinks , released in 1993 . It was their final studio album before they disbanded three years later . It is also the only studio album credited to The Kinks which does not feature former drummer Mick Avory in any capacity ; though he left the band in 1984 , he still played on individual songs on both Think Visual and UK Jive .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d8c52f8dd437b22fdd28af3baa30ac8", "text": "Tam-Lin (film) Tam-Lin , also known as The Ballad of Tam-Lin , The Devil 's Widow and The Devil 's Woman , is a 1970 British film made by Commonwealth United Entertainment , Winkast Film Productions Ltd. and distributed by American International Pictures ( AIP ) . It was directed by Roddy McDowall and produced by Alan Ladd , Jr. and Stanley Mann , from a screenplay by William Spier based on the traditional Scottish poem The Ballad of Tam Lin . The film had original music by Stanley Myers and a musical version of the original poem recorded by the British folk rock band Pentangle , and was photographed by Billy Williams . It was the only film directed by McDowall . The film stars Ava Gardner and Ian McShane with Richard Wattis , Cyril Cusack , Stephanie Beacham , Sinéad Cusack and Joanna Lumley . A newer release of this film ( 1998 ) ( Republic Pictures Home Video ) re-cut the film to be closer to Roddy McDowall 's intention . McDowall 's direction of this film precluded him from reprising his role as Cornelius in Beneath the Planet of the Apes , the only one of the original five Planet of the Apes films from which he is absent .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ec915b9f8fed61ce370c379fcf078a9c", "text": "Tomorrow Never Dies Tomorrow Never Dies ( 1997 ) is the eighteenth spy film in the James Bond series , and the second to star Pierce Brosnan as the fictional MI6 agent James Bond . Directed by Roger Spottiswoode , with the screenplay written by Bruce Feirstein , the film follows Bond as he attempts to stop Elliot Carver , a power-mad media mogul , from engineering world events to initiate World War III . The film was produced by Michael G. Wilson and Barbara Broccoli , and was the first James Bond film made after the death of producer Albert R. Broccoli , to whom the movie pays tribute in the end credits . Filming locations included France , Thailand , Germany , Mexico and the United Kingdom . Tomorrow Never Dies performed well at the box office and earned a Golden Globe nomination despite mixed reviews . While its performance at the domestic box office surpassed that of its predecessor , GoldenEye , it was the only Pierce Brosnan Bond film not to open at number one at the box office , as it opened the same day as Titanic , but instead at number two .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5784460fab954607c55204fad19a555b", "text": "The Family Way (soundtrack) The Family Way is a soundtrack recording composed by Paul McCartney , released in January 1967 . The album is the soundtrack to the 1966 film of the same name , directed by Roy Boulting and starring Hayley Mills . Produced and arranged by George Martin , the album was credited to `` The George Martin Orchestra '' and issued under the full title The Family Way ( Original Soundtrack Album ) . A 45rpm single , again credited to the George Martin Orchestra , was issued on 23 December 1966 , comprising `` Love in the Open Air '' backed with `` Theme From ` The Family Way ' '' , as United Artists UP1165 . The Family Way won an Ivor Novello Award in 1967 . It was remastered and released on CD in 1996 with new musical compositions not on the original 1967 soundtrack album . The recording took place over November and December 1966 , before the Beatles began work on their album Sgt. Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band . McCartney 's involvement in the project was minimal , according to biographer Howard Sounes , who quotes Martin 's recollection that he had to `` pester Paul for the briefest scrap of a tune '' with which to start writing the score . After McCartney had provided `` a sweet little fragment of a waltz tune '' , Martin continued , `` I was able to complete the score . '' Although The Family Way was released in January 1967 , most commentators consider George Harrison 's Wonderwall Music ( 1968 ) , also a film soundtrack , to be the first solo album by a member of the Beatles . Unlike with McCartney 's film score , Harrison directed and produced the recordings for Wonderwall Music , in addition to playing on some of the album . Following a 2003 CD reissue in mono , in 2011 a new remastered version of the soundtrack was released by Varese Vintage that featured the original 1967 score by Paul McCartney in the original sequence , remastered from the original first generation stereo master tapes , and included the unreleased stereo mix of `` A Theme From The Family Way '' as a bonus track , which had appeared originally as the B-side of the 1966 UK/US 7-inch single by the Tudor Minstrels .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e33dacfc1e536b51c4cca24199c2993e", "text": "A Hard Day's Night (film) A Hard Day 's Night is a 1964 British musical comedy film directed by Richard Lester and starring the Beatles -- John Lennon , Paul McCartney , George Harrison , and Ringo Starr -- during the height of Beatlemania . It was written by Alun Owen and originally released by United Artists . The film portrays several days in the lives of the group . The film was a financial and critical success . Time magazine rated it as one of the all-time great 100 films . British critic Leslie Halliwell described it as a `` comic fantasia with music ; an enormous commercial success with the director trying every cinematic gag in the book '' and awarded it a full four stars . The film is credited as being one of the most influential of all musical films , inspiring numerous spy films , the Monkees ' television show and pop music videos .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e51b316c43e990039a1231d46cef2ce8", "text": "Stoned (film) Stoned , also known as The Wild and Wycked World of Brian Jones in the UK , is a 2005 film about Brian Jones , one of the founding members of The Rolling Stones . The film is a cinematic work of historical fiction , taking as its premise the idea that Jones was murdered by Frank Thorogood , a builder who had been hired to renovate and improve Jones 's house Cotchford Farm in East Sussex . The film also paints a picture of Jones 's use of alcohol and drugs , and his relationships with Anita Pallenberg and Anna Wohlin . The film was directed by Stephen Woolley , and written by Neal Purvis and Robert Wade . Leo Gregory played the role of Brian Jones and Paddy Considine of Frank Thorogood . This film grossed $ 38,922 in limited theatrical release in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "94ded29f9d269a47fe61b513697e62be", "text": "Robert Russell (English actor) Robert Russell ( 24 May 1936 -- 12 May 2008 ) was an English actor known for a memorable supporting role as John Stearne alongside Vincent Price in the classic British horror film Witchfinder General ( 1968 ) . He was born in Kent , England . His family emigrated to South Africa for 9 years when he was aged 11 . He worked in a gold mine after leaving school . He returned to England and trained as an actor at the Webber Douglas Academy of Dramatic Art . He then appeared on stage with stars such as Laurence Olivier and Michael Gambon , as a member of the National Theatre touring company . He made numerous appearances on UK television , often playing tough characters and villains due to his imposing stature , including The Avengers , The Sweeney , Space : 1999 , Blake 's 7 and Doctor Who , playing a guard in the serial entitled The Power of the Daleks and a Highland Games Champion , The Caber , in Terror of the Zygons . Some of his other film appearances included Othello ( 1965 ) , The Whisperers ( 1967 ) , Bedazzled ( 1967 ) with Peter Cook and Dudley Moore , Inspector Clouseau ( 1968 ) , The Breaking of Bumbo ( 1970 ) , Man in the Wilderness ( 1971 ) with Richard Harris , Sitting Target ( 1972 ) , Double Exposure ( 1977 ) , Queen of the Blues ( 1979 ) starring Mary Millington , Ivanhoe ( 1982 ) , Oliver Twist ( 1982 ) , and the TV film of The Sign of Four ( 1983 ) . He lived for the last 14 years of his life in Maidenhead , Berkshire and died there of a heart attack at his home aged 71 . * Note : This is from a Public Member Trees search on Ancestry , where the date of death is oddly given as 18 May 2008 ( see discussion ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1a4a976ef71e2cf1301422666a3493c5", "text": "Percy (soundtrack) Percy is a 1971 film soundtrack for the British comedy film Percy performed by English rock group the Kinks with additional orchestral arrangements conducted by Stanley Myers . The songs were written by Ray Davies and include both standard rock/pop songs and instrumental numbers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6b78031ec81929238734935918c59f2c", "text": "Fourth Dimension (Radiophonic album) Fourth Dimension is a 1973 BBC Records release featuring recordings created by the BBC Radiophonic Workshop composer Paddy Kingsland . Although it was credited to `` The BBC Radiophonic Workshop '' it was the work of Kingsland alone , and was the first album of Workshop music to feature only one artist . It features theme tunes used by BBC radio and television . The music prominently features VCS 3 and `` Delaware '' Synthi 100 synthesisers , both from Electronic Music Studios ( London ) Ltd , with a standard rock-based session band providing backing . The track `` Reg '' featured as the B-side to the 1973 single release of the Doctor Who theme .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4f4cbf0dd197f58129dd77e8481b17a9", "text": "Who Made Who Who Made Who is a hard rock album by Australian band AC/DC , released in 1986 as the soundtrack to the Stephen King movie Maximum Overdrive . It was re-released in 2003 as part of the AC/DC Remasters series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3d388eab65deff90e90366aa29586a40", "text": "It's Only Love `` It 's Only Love '' is a song written mostly by John Lennon , and credited to Lennon -- McCartney . It was first released by the Beatles in 1965 , on the Help ! album in the United Kingdom , and on the Rubber Soul album in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1a985c8e5246f56e5b24c48fc43e4b9a", "text": "Only a Northern Song `` Only a Northern Song '' is a song by English rock band the Beatles from their 1969 album Yellow Submarine . Written by George Harrison , it was recorded mainly in February 1967 during the sessions for Sgt. Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band but the Beatles chose not to include it on that album . Instead , it was one of the four new songs that the band provided for the 1968 animated film Yellow Submarine , to meet their contractual obligations to United Artists . Harrison wrote `` Only a Northern Song '' out of dissatisfaction with his status as a junior songwriter with the Beatles ' publishing company , Northern Songs . The lyrics and music convey his disenchantment at how the company retained the copyright for the songs it published , and at how , following its public listing in 1965 , the major shareholders profited more from his compositions than he did . The recording features Hammond organ , played by Harrison , and an overdubbed montage of assorted sounds including trumpet blasts and spoken voices , anticipating John Lennon 's 1968 sound collage `` Revolution 9 '' . Due to the difficulty in assembling the completed track from two tape sources , `` Only a Northern Song '' remained a rare song from the Beatles ' post-1963 catalogue that was unavailable in true stereo until 1999 . That year , it was remixed for inclusion on the album Yellow Submarine Songtrack . The song has received a varied response from reviewers ; while Ian MacDonald dismisses the track as a `` self-indulgent dirge '' , the website Ultimate Classic Rock identifies it as one of the Beatles ' best works in the psychedelic rock genre . A version of the song with a different vocal part , and omitting the sound collage overdubs , was issued on the Beatles ' 1996 outtakes compilation Anthology 2 . Gravenhurst and Yonder Mountain String Band are among the artists who have covered `` Only a Northern Song '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f1ce75d4331a013225892928a25a9c9d", "text": "Marooned (1969 film) Marooned is a 1969 American film directed by John Sturges and starring Gregory Peck , Richard Crenna , David Janssen , James Franciscus and Gene Hackman about three astronauts who are trapped and slowly suffocating in space . It was based on the 1964 novel Marooned by Martin Caidin . While the original novel was based on the single-pilot Mercury program , the film depicted an Apollo Command/Service Module with three astronauts and a space station resembling Skylab . Caidin acted as technical adviser and updated the novel , incorporating appropriate material from the original version . The film was released less than four months after the Apollo 11 moon landing and was tied to the public fascination with the event . It won an Academy Award for Visual Effects for Robbie Robertson .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fa6f05901d5e662256b301505e71ce36", "text": "The Singles (The Who album) The Singles is a compilation of singles by The Who that was released in November 1984 . It was released worldwide except for North America . The version of `` I Can See for Miles '' contained herein is not the classic single version , but a BBC live recording with a loud , overdubbed bass track . The 2011 Japanese Reissue included the classic single version .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1b8c06bd05be6cb3b9b0d0a467d7d800", "text": "Ken Hughes Kenneth Graham `` Ken '' Hughes ( 19 January 1922 -- 28 April 2001 ) was a British film director , writer and producer , who is best known as the co-writer and director of the 1968 children 's film Chitty Chitty Bang Bang .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "134709d780879ef30c19b62bd67743b3", "text": "Getting in Tune `` Getting in Tune '' is a song written by Pete Townshend and originally released by the Who on their 1971 album Who 's Next . It was originally written as part of Townshend 's abandoned Lifehouse project . Its lyrics describe the power of music , as well as reflect the inner contradictions Townshend was feeling at the time between his spiritual needs and his persona as a rock star . The music incorporates a number of changes in tempo and has been praised by critics for its use of dynamics .", "title": "" } ]	fever
b69ba2abbb100c2f489fb9a34be6ad5b	The Economic Times was first published in 1970.	[ { "docid": "2fb2e2463cee2563d378f44284dba5a1", "text": "The Economic Times The Economic Times is an English-language , Indian daily newspaper published by the Bennett , Coleman & Co. Ltd. . First published in 1961 , it is the world 's second-most widely read English-language business newspaper , after the Wall Street Journal , with a readership of over 800,000 . The Economic Times is published simultaneously from 12 cities -- Mumbai , Bangalore , Delhi , Chennai , Kolkata , Lucknow , Hyderabad , Jaipur , Ahmedabad , Nagpur , Chandigarh , and Pune . The Economic Times is headquartered in Mumbai at The Times of India building . Its main content is based on the Indian economy , international finance , share prices , prices of commodities as well as other matters related to finance . The founder - editor of the paper when it was launched in 1961 was P.S. Hariharan . The current editor of The Economic Times is Bodhisattva Ganguli . Like the London-based Financial Times , The Economic Times is printed on salmon pink paper . It is sold in all major cities in India . In June 2009 , it launched a television channel called ET Now .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "41e42d3068b5b0fdfeb4129386076c08", "text": "Economic Modelling Economic Modelling is a bimonthly peer-reviewed academic journal on economics published by Elsevier . The editors-in-chief are Stephen G. Hall ( University of Leicester ) and Peter H. Pauly ( University of Toronto ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "94063650d84eeaa3fff5d8ae799ee7bc", "text": "Review of Economic Dynamics The Review of Economic Dynamics is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by Elsevier on behalf of the Society for Economic Dynamics . It covers dynamic models from all areas of economics . The editor-in-chief is Matthias Doepke ( Northwestern University ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e290adb9a18d8ba30924834bd7e96313", "text": "Economic Policy (journal) Economic Policy is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the Centre for Economic Policy Research , the Center for Economic Studies ( University of Munich ) , and the Paris School of Economics . The journal was established in 1985 and covers international economic policy topics such as macroeconomics , microeconomics , the labour market , trade , exchange rate , taxation , economic growth , government spending , and migration . According to the Journal Citation Reports , the journal has a 2013 impact factor of 2.875 , ranking it 22nd out of 333 journals in the category `` Economics '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "82ed2c732a674fa083da398e7403d60f", "text": "The Singapore Economic Review The Singapore Economic Review is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by World Scientific . The journal was initially published as the Malayan Economic Review from 1956 , which was later renamed the Singapore Economic Review in 1969 . It is also the official journal of the Economic Society of Singapore . The journal was relaunched in 2002 , and covers economics in general , with an emphasis on economic issues in Asia . Topics covered include : public policy and economics ; developmental issues ; the Asian Crisis and China 's economic reform ; various other interdisciplinary studies and topics are also explored . Since 2005 , the journal has also organized several economic conferences .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "37371ac5745f0caad0b4b4dcd85a1eb3", "text": "Say's law Say 's law , or the law of markets , in classical economics , states that aggregate production necessarily creates an equal quantity of aggregate demand . The French economist Jean-Baptiste Say ( 1767 -- 1832 ) introduced the idea in 1803 , in his principal work , A Treatise on Political Economy ( Traité d'économie politique ) : A product is no sooner created , than it , from that instant , affords a market for other products to the full extent of its own value . and As each of us can only purchase the productions of others with his own productions -- as the value we can buy is equal to the value we can produce , the more men can produce , the more they will purchase . Say further argued that this law of markets implies that a general glut ( the term used in Say 's time for a widespread excess of supply over demand ) can not occur . If there is a surplus of one good , there must be unmet demand for another : `` If certain goods remain unsold , it is because other goods are not produced . '' Say 's law has been one of the principal doctrines used to support the laissez-faire belief that a capitalist economy will naturally tend toward full employment and prosperity without government intervention . Over the years , at least two objections to Say 's law have been raised : General gluts do occur , particularly during recessions and depressions . Economic agents may collectively choose to increase the amount of money they hold , thereby reducing demand but not supply . Say 's law was generally accepted throughout the 19th century , though modified to incorporate the idea of a `` boom-and-bust '' cycle . During the worldwide Great Depression of the 1930s , the theories of Keynesian economics disputed Say 's conclusions . Scholars disagree on the question of whether it was Say who first stated the principle , but by convention , Say 's law has been another name for the law of markets ever since John Maynard Keynes used the term in the 1930s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "094b546e62581ff82522be9ddecac952", "text": "Long Depression The Long Depression was a worldwide price and economic recession , beginning in 1873 and running either through the spring of 1879 , or 1896 , depending on the metrics used . It was the most severe in Europe and the United States , which had been experiencing strong economic growth fueled by the Second Industrial Revolution in the decade following the American Civil War . The episode was labeled the `` Great Depression '' at the time , and it held that designation until the Great Depression of the 1930s . Though a period of general deflation and a general contraction , it did not have the severe economic retrogression of the Great Depression . It was most notable in Western Europe and North America , at least in part because reliable data from the period is most readily available in those parts of the world . The United Kingdom is often considered to have been the hardest hit ; during this period it lost some of its large industrial lead over the economies of Continental Europe . While it was occurring , the view was prominent that the economy of the United Kingdom had been in continuous depression from 1873 to as late as 1896 and some texts refer to the period as the Great Depression of 1873 -- 96 . In the United States , economists typically refer to the Long Depression as the Depression of 1873 -- 79 , kicked off by the Panic of 1873 , and followed by the Panic of 1893 , book-ending the entire period of the wider Long Depression . The National Bureau of Economic Research dates the contraction following the panic as lasting from October 1873 to March 1879 . At 65 months , it is the longest-lasting contraction identified by the NBER , eclipsing the Great Depression 's 43 months of contraction . In the US , from 1873 to 1879 , 18,000 businesses went bankrupt , including 89 railroads . Ten states and hundreds of banks went bankrupt . Unemployment peaked in 1878 , long after the panic ended . Different sources peg the peak U.S. unemployment rate anywhere from 8.25 % to 14 % .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6cf9a3873428f5f406cd4f91c0bd7667", "text": "Review of Radical Political Economics The Review of Radical Political Economics is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by Sage Publications on behalf of the Union for Radical Political Economics . It was established in 1968 and covers research on heterodox economics and political economy , broadly defined . According to the Journal Citation Reports , the journal has a 2011 impact factor of 0.377 , ranking it 256th out of 321 journals in the category `` Economics '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2dbe51a89580ff86238e1828ec410ecc", "text": "Business History (journal) Business History is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering the field of business history . It was established in 1958 by Liverpool University Press and is now published by Taylor and Francis . The editor-in-chief is Ray Stokes ( University of Glasgow ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1719d4f4807a7a318ef6009e7e51557b", "text": "Power and Market Power and Market : Government and the Economy is a 1970 book by Murray Rothbard in which he analyzes the negative effects of the various kinds of government intervention , and argues that the State is neither necessary nor useful . It was originally part of his 1962 book Man , Economy , and State but was censored by the publisher , who felt it was too radical for publication and later published under the above title . It was reunited with the 4th edition of Man , Economy , and State in 2004 in the volume sub-titled `` The Scholar 's Edition '' from the Ludwig von Mises Institute .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1aa3b0df9240e4f83db9bdf182950f42", "text": "Classical economics Classical economics ( also known as liberal economics ) asserts that markets function best with minimal government interference . It was developed in the late 18th and early 19th century by Adam Smith , Jean-Baptiste Say , David Ricardo , Thomas Robert Malthus , and John Stuart Mill . Many writers found Adam Smith 's idea of free markets more convincing than the idea , widely accepted at the time , of protectionism . Adam Smith 's The Wealth of Nations in 1776 is usually considered to mark the beginning of classical economics . The fundamental message in Smith 's influential book was that the wealth of nations was based not on gold but on trade : That when two parties freely agree to exchange things of value , because both see a profit in the exchange , total wealth increases . Classical economics originally differed from modern libertarian economics in seeing a role for the state in providing for the common good . Smith acknowledged that there were areas where the market is not the best way to serve the common good , and he took it as a given that the greater proportion of the costs supporting the common good should be borne by those best able to afford them . Classical economists observe that markets generally regulate themselves , when free of coercion . Adam Smith referred to this as a metaphorical `` invisible hand '' , which refers to the notion that private incentives are aligned with society welfare maximization under certain competitive conditions . Smith warned repeatedly of the dangers of monopoly , and stressed the importance of competition . There is some debate about what is covered by the term `` classical economics '' , particularly when dealing with the period from 1830 -- 75 , and how classical economics relates to Neoclassical economics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e1f394a7847492d561387e37c2acc54", "text": "Encyclopaedia of the Social Sciences The Encyclopaedia of the Social Sciences is a specialized fifteen-volume Encyclopedia first published in 1930 and last published in 1967 . It was envisaged in the 1920s by scholars working in disciplines which increasingly were coming to be known as `` Human - '' or `` Social Sciences . '' The goal was to create a comprehensive synthesis of the study of human affairs as undertaken by practitioners of all fields involved in such study . The parameters of what would come to be known as `` Social Science '' were in many ways initially established and defined by this publication . The Encyclopaedia 's founding organizations included the American Anthropological Association , the American Association of Social Workers , the American Economic Association , the American Historical Association , the American Political Science Association , the American Psychological Association , the American Sociological Society , the American Statistical Association , the Association of American Law Schools , and the National Education Association . It was edited by American economists Edwin Robert Anderson Seligman and Alvin Saunders Johnson . Seligman and Johnson solicited contributions from many of the most known and respected scholars in their fields , and established many links with European scholars in the process . The Rockefeller Foundation , Carnegie Foundation , and Russell Sage Foundation provided initial financial support , and Macmillan was selected as publisher . The international network of social scientists developed in the process of creating the Encyclopaedia would prove especially important during the Nazi occupation of Europe , during which many contributing scholars fled persecution for their ideas . Under Johnson 's invitation , several of these scholars would come to New York City and form the `` University in Exile , '' a specialized graduate school now known as the New School for Social Research . The Encyclopaedia was last printed in 1967 , then in its 16th edition . It was succeeded by the International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences , edited by David L. Sills , and also published by MacMillan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aceb403f16d58a76db9742254f051531", "text": "Eco-efficiency Over the years , as countries and regions around the world began to develop , it slowly became evident that industrialization and economic growth come hand in hand with environmental degradation . Eco-Efficiency has been proposed as one of the main tools to promote a transformation from unsustainable development to one of sustainable development . It is based on the concept of creating more goods and services while using fewer resources and creating less waste and pollution . `` It is measured as the ratio between the ( added ) value of what has been produced ( e.g. GDP ) and the ( added ) environment impacts of the product or service ( e.g. S02 emissions ) . '' The term was coined by the World Business Council for Sustainable Development ( WBCSD ) in its 1992 publication `` Changing Course , '' and at the 1992 Earth Summit , eco-efficiency was endorsed as a new business concept and means for companies to implement Agenda 21 in the private sector . Ergo the term has become synonymous with a management philosophy geared towards sustainability , combing ecological and economic efficiency .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3f0c7ca452ba64101ab259bbcc809ba6", "text": "The Review of Economic Studies The Review of Economic Studies ( also known as RESTUD ) is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering economics . It was established in 1933 by a group of economists based in Britain and the United States . The original editorial team consisted of Abba P. Lerner , Paul Sweezy , and Ursula Kathleen Hicks . It is published by Oxford University Press . In a 2003 survey , it ranked eighth in overall impact among economics journals . The journal is widely considered one of the top-5 journals in Economics . It is managed by a board of directors currently chaired by Kjetil Storesletten ( University of Oslo ) . The current editors-in-chief are Jerome Adda ( Bocconi University ) , Aureo de Paula ( University College London ) , Nicola Gennaioli ( Bocconi University ) , Gita Gopinath ( Harvard University ) , Christian Hellwig ( University of Toulouse ) , Botond Koszegi ( Central European University ) , Uta Schoenberg ( University College London ) , and Michele Tertilt ( University of Mannheim ) . According to the Journal Citation Reports , the journal has a 2011 impact factor of 4.038 , ranking it 6th out of 333 journals in the category `` Economics '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8130934254c2f5afa4c8f79dd790477b", "text": "1970–79 world oil market chronology", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7068cbc23e08c3fc94e730ee9c3d0033", "text": "Journal of Economics & Management Strategy The Journal of Economics & Management Strategy is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by John Wiley & Sons . The founding editor-in-chief is Daniel F. Spulber ( Kellogg School of Management , Northwestern University ) . The journal was established in 1992 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d7c93d3161e7a1a35a50743b30a7f40c", "text": "Economic Geography (journal) Economic Geography is a peer-reviewed academic journal published quarterly by Taylor & Francis on behalf of Clark University . The journal was established in 1925 and is currently edited by James T. Murphy ( Clark University ) , Jane Pollard ( Newcastle University ) , Andrés Rodríguez-Pose ( London School of Economics ) , and Henry Wai-chung Yeung ( National University of Singapore ) . Rooted in the subfield of economic geography , the journal covers topics such as uneven development , global trading and investment , economic governance , financialization , innovation studies , agglomeration , marketization , the social and cultural drivers of economic and industrial change , political economy , and labor market segmentation . According to the Journal Citation Reports , the journal has a 2014 two-year impact factor of 2.735 , ranking it 5th out of 76 journals in the category `` Geography '' and 23rd out of 333 journals in the category `` Economics '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9aca9bbcca8e0c08466ca7496c346992", "text": "Modern Monetary Theory Modern Monetary Theory ( MMT or Modern Money Theory , also known as Neo-Chartalism ) is a macroeconomic theory which describes and analyses modern economies in which the national currency is fiat money , established and created by the government . The key insight of MMT is that `` monetarily sovereign government is the monopoly supplier of its currency and can issue currency of any denomination in physical or non-physical forms . As such the government has an unlimited capacity to pay for the things it wishes to purchase and to fulfill promised future payments , and has an unlimited ability to provide funds to the other sectors . Thus , insolvency and bankruptcy of this government is not possible . It can always pay '' . In sovereign financial systems , banks can create money but these `` horizontal '' transactions do not increase net financial assets as assets are offset by liabilities . `` The balance sheet of the government does not include any domestic monetary instrument on its asset side ; it owns no money . All monetary instruments issued by the government are on its liability side and are created and destroyed with spending and taxing/bond offerings , respectively . '' In addition to deficit spending , valuation effects e.g. growth in stock price can increase net financial assets . In MMT , `` vertical '' money ( see below ) enters circulation through government spending . Taxation and its legal tender power to discharge debt establish the fiat money as currency , giving it value by creating demand for it in the form of a private tax obligation that must be met . In addition , fines , fees and licenses create demand for the currency . This can be a currency issued by the government , or a foreign currency such as the euro . An ongoing tax obligation , in concert with private confidence and acceptance of the currency , maintains its value . Because the government can issue its own currency at will , MMT maintains that the level of taxation relative to government spending ( the government 's deficit spending or budget surplus ) is in reality a policy tool that regulates inflation and unemployment , and not a means of funding the government 's activities by itself .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fd49fd5fc93b9c15ec600b628cc0f145", "text": "China Economic Review There is also an academic journal sharing the same name : China Economic Review ( journal ) China Economic Review ( , Pinyin : Zhōngguó Jīngjì Pínglùn ; also referred to as CER ) is an English-language quarterly ( formerly monthly ) business and economics magazine published by the UK-registered China Economic Review Publishing Ltd. . The magazine was launched in London in 1990 . Its main editorial office is in Hong Kong . The magazine 's content focuses on China business news , opinion and analysis .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8eae5a7a1b38d32dfd1e0e76a4077276", "text": "Cambridge Journal of Economics The Cambridge Journal of Economics is a peer-reviewed academic journal of economics . The journal was founded in 1977 by the Cambridge Political Economy Society with the aim of publishing articles that followed the economic traditions established by Karl Marx , J. M. Keynes , Michał Kalecki , Joan Robinson , and Nicholas Kaldor . Luigi Pasinetti has noted the `` strong ties '' between the Cambridge Journal of Economics and the Cambridge School of Keynesian Economics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8060167f2d4540392940487dd6ad8e18", "text": "Journal of Economic Geography The Journal of Economic Geography is a bimonthly peer-reviewed academic journal published by Oxford University Press covering all aspects of economic geography , including the intersection between economics and geography . The editors-in-chief are Harald Bathelt ( University of Toronto ) , Kristian Behrens ( Université du Québec à Montréal ) , Neil Coe ( National University of Singapore ) , and William R. Kerr ( Harvard Business School ) .", "title": "" } ]	fever
8d8b6513bb0dbe68f96e412beaa3b417	Abraham Lincoln promoted rapid economic modernization.	[ { "docid": "88b52a28b609b249dc3dc42d1d3b6fde", "text": "Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln ( -LSB- ˈeɪbrəhæm_ˈlIŋkən -RSB- February 12 , 1809 -- April 15 , 1865 ) was an American politician and lawyer who served as the 16th President of the United States from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865 . Lincoln led the United States through its Civil War -- its bloodiest war and perhaps its greatest moral , constitutional , and political crisis . In doing so , he preserved the Union , paved the way to the abolition of slavery , strengthened the federal government , and modernized the economy . Born in Hodgenville , Kentucky , Lincoln grew up on the western frontier in Kentucky and Indiana . Largely self-educated , he became a lawyer in Illinois , a Whig Party leader , and was elected to the Illinois House of Representatives , in which he served for eight years . Elected to the United States House of Representatives in 1846 , Lincoln promoted rapid modernization of the economy through banks , tariffs , and railroads . Because he had originally agreed not to run for a second term in Congress , and because his opposition to the Mexican -- American War was unpopular among Illinois voters , Lincoln returned to Springfield and resumed his successful law practice . Reentering politics in 1854 , he became a leader in building the new Republican Party , which had a statewide majority in Illinois . In 1858 , while taking part in a series of highly publicized debates with his opponent and rival , Democrat Stephen A. Douglas , Lincoln spoke out against the expansion of slavery , but lost the U.S. Senate race to Douglas . In 1860 , Lincoln secured the Republican Party presidential nomination as a moderate from a swing state . Though he gained very little support in the slaveholding states of the South , he swept the North and was elected president in 1860 . Lincoln 's victory prompted seven southern slave states to form the Confederate States of America before he moved into the White House -- no compromise or reconciliation was found regarding slavery and secession . Subsequently , on April 12 , 1861 , a Confederate attack on Fort Sumter inspired the North to enthusiastically rally behind the Union . As the leader of the moderate faction of the Republican Party , Lincoln confronted Radical Republicans , who demanded harsher treatment of the South , War Democrats , who called for more compromise , anti-war Democrats ( called Copperheads ) , who despised him , and irreconcilable secessionists , who plotted his assassination . Politically , Lincoln fought back by pitting his opponents against each other , by carefully planned political patronage , and by appealing to the American people with his powers of oratory . His Gettysburg Address became an iconic endorsement of the principles of nationalism , republicanism , equal rights , liberty , and democracy . Lincoln initially concentrated on the military and political dimensions of the war . His primary goal was to reunite the nation . He suspended habeas corpus , leading to the controversial ex parte Merryman decision , and he averted potential British intervention in the war by defusing the Trent Affair in late 1861 . Lincoln closely supervised the war effort , especially the selection of top generals , including his most successful general , Ulysses S. Grant . He also made major decisions on Union war strategy , including a naval blockade that shut down the South 's normal trade , moves to take control of Kentucky and Tennessee , and using gunboats to gain control of the southern river system . Lincoln tried repeatedly to capture the Confederate capital at Richmond ; each time a general failed , Lincoln substituted another , until finally Grant succeeded . As the war progressed , his complex moves toward ending slavery included the Emancipation Proclamation of 1863 ; Lincoln used the U.S. Army to protect escaped slaves , encouraged the border states to outlaw slavery , and pushed through Congress the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution , which permanently outlawed slavery . An exceptionally astute politician deeply involved with power issues in each state , Lincoln reached out to the War Democrats and managed his own re-election campaign in the 1864 presidential election . Anticipating the war 's conclusion , Lincoln pushed a moderate view of Reconstruction , seeking to reunite the nation speedily through a policy of generous reconciliation in the face of lingering and bitter divisiveness . On April 14 , 1865 , five days after the surrender of Confederate commanding general Robert E. Lee , Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth , a Confederate sympathizer . Lincoln has been consistently ranked both by scholars and the public as among the greatest U.S. presidents .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "e1be42205619903da3c01ebed1666d6f", "text": "Inauguration of Andrew Johnson The inauguration of Andrew Johnson as the 17th President of the United States was held on April 15 , 1865 at the Kirkwood House in Washington , D.C. , following the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln . The inauguration marked the commencement of Andrew Johnson 's only term ( a partial term of ) as President . Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase administered the Oath of office . After the ceremony , President Johnson gave an impromptu inaugural address , which began with him begging the cabinet to remain with him and then attacking the Confederacy with such venom , that one witness remarked `` It would have been better had he been struck dumb . '' As President Lincoln lay dying , Vice President Johnson visited the room where he lay , and when Mrs. Lincoln saw him , it was reported , she screamed and demanded he be removed . So he went back to his room at the Kirkwood House . According to newspaper reports , the Vice President had gotten severely inebriated , and when aides to the now-dead president came to fetch the new President they were unable to wake him for several minutes . When he was finally awake , the accounts read , `` he had puffy eyes and his hair was caked with mud from the street , '' and that a barber and doctor were summoned to clean him up for the ten-o'clock ceremony , which most accounts agree went smoothly . However , there are other accounts , believed more reliable by some , which refute this claim .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee4eedd5cd5a0bcb807cf82134b1ec05", "text": "The Federal Union The Federal Union : A History of the United States to 1877 ( originally published as The Federal Union : A History of the United States to 1865 ) is history of the United States written by John D. Hicks , George E. Mowry and Robert E. Burke . First published in 1937 , it covered the period from the discovery of the Americas in 1492 to the end of the Civil War in 1865 . Four revised editions followed that also covered the Reconstruction Era up to 1877 , and accordingly were published with an updated subtitle . The fifth and final edition appeared in 1970 . The Federal Union was primarily written as a university-level textbook , and was published with accompanying manuals for instructors and for students . It was the first of a two-volume set . The second volume was entitled The American Nation : 1865 to the Present . An abridged one-volume edition first appeared in 1946 as A Short History of American Democracy . The book was aimed at undergraduate students , other readers appreciated its qualities . For example , historian George Fort Milton admired Hicks 's `` capacity for extraordinary compression without at the same time either getting the style too bare-bones for pleasurable reading ; or the facts too black-and-white for the necessary implications of gradations of gray . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f957274b6cb05d1647ed7239bd7e19ce", "text": "Archibald Williams (judge) Archibald Williams ( June 10 , 1801 -- September 21 , 1863 ) was a United States federal judge . Born in Montgomery County , Kentucky , Williams read law to enter the bar in 1828 . He was in private practice in Quincy , Illinois beginning in 1829 . He was the United States Attorney for the District of Illinois from 1849 to 1853 . He served in both the Illinois House of Representatives and the Illinois State Senate . On March 8 , 1861 , Williams was nominated by President Abraham Lincoln to a new seat on the United States District Court for the District of Kansas created by 12 Stat . 126 . He was confirmed by the United States Senate on March 12 , 1861 , and received his commission the same day . Williams served in that capacity until his death , in 1863 , in Quincy , Illinois . Archibald Williams 's historical significance was based on his close friendship with Abraham Lincoln , the 16th President of the United States , who issued the Emancipation Proclamation freeing the slaves . Lincoln was from Springfield , Illinois , and Williams was from Quincy , Illinois , a port city on the Mississippi River along the western border of the state . The two men were close political allies in the Whig Party and , later on , in the newly founded Republican Party . They first met when serving in the Illinois state legislature in the early 1830 's . They were compatriots for 29 years . Archibald Williams led the life of a political party workhorse , first for the Whig Party and then the Republicans . He served in the Illinois state legislature , made two unsuccessful runs for the U.S. Senate as a Whig , played a leading role at the Illinois state Constitutional Convention of 1847 , chaired many important political meetings in Quincy , Illinois , attended many state political party conventions , made an unsuccessful run for the U.S. House of Representatives , and in 1858 campaigned in Illinois for his friend Abraham Lincoln . In all recorded instances , Archibald Williams gave Abraham Lincoln his true and unwavering support . Archibald Williams died in 1863 . By that time , Abraham Lincoln was President of the United States and the leader of the Northern states during the American Civil War . Birth and Early Life Archibald Williams was born in Montgomery County , Kentucky , on June 10 , 1801 . He was the son of John Williams and Amelia Gill Williams . He grew up in Kentucky , qualified to be a lawyer in the neighboring state of Tennessee , and then moved west with some of his brothers and sisters to Quincy , Illinois . As a young attorney , he rode circuit , going from county court to county court arguing legal cases . He was particularly noted for taking cases on appeal , and he argued many cases before the Illinois state Supreme Court . He married Nancy Kemp , who also had come from Kentucky , on July 28 , 1831 . They had nine children , but only five grew up to be adults . For several months in early 1832 he served as a volunteer in the Black Hawk War against Native Americans . In the fall of 1832 he strongly supported Henry Clay for President of the United States . At the Illinois State Legislature Archibald Williams was elected to the Illinois state Senate in 1832 . He studied and reported on School Financing to the state Senate , arguing for local control of schools rather than establishing a statewide system . Later in his legislative career , he labeled the Illinois Internal Improvements program `` Infernal Improvements '' due to its financial difficulties leading to bankruptcy . Abraham Lincoln was elected to the state legislature in 1834 . Archibald Williams and Lincoln became good friends and both subsequently joined the Whig Party . Lincoln was said to have seen Archibald Williams as a great `` reasoner . '' The two men were described as `` sitting next to each other in the southeast corner of the statehouse . '' It was noted : `` Lincoln did not hesitate to consult Williams at all times , and the two men were often associated in legal work . '' Twice the Whig Candidate for U.S. Senator Archibald Williams ran for the United States Senate as a Whig in 1836 and in 1842 . At those times the selection of U.S. senators was made by both houses of the state legislature . Lincoln voted for Archibald Williams the first time he ran for U.S. Senator in 1836 . The second time Archibald Williams ran , in 1842 , Lincoln was no longer in the state legislature and thus could not vote for his friend . In both instances , Archibald Williams was not elected . Witnessed Abraham Lincoln 's Admission to U.S. Courts Abraham Lincoln was admitted to practice law in the United States Circuit Court on December 3 , 1839 . U.S Court Judge Nathaniel Pope presided over the ceremony . A Quincy , Illinois , newspaper noted that Archibald Williams was present at the ceremony . Presided Over Whig Party State Conventions in Illinois Archibald Williams presided over a Whig Party state convention meeting in Springfield , Illinois , in 1843 . Abraham Lincoln attended the convention and was elected a Whig Party presidential elector for the 1844 presidential election . Unfortunately for the Whigs , Democrat James K. Polk of Tennessee won the presidential election . In June of 1844 , Archibald Williams was elected president of an Illinois state Whig Party convention in Peoria , Illinois . Abraham Lincoln spoke to the convention in support of the United States charging higher tariffs on imported goods , a major Whig position at the time . Supported African Colonization of Freed Slaves Along with Abraham Lincoln , Archibald Williams in the 1840 's supported the African colonization of freed slaves by joining the Illinois colonization society . Although opposed to slavery , both men believed Southerners should be allowed to keep their slaves but also should be urged to free their slaves voluntarily and return them to Africa . This was thought to be a reasonable and non-coercive solution to the slavery problem . The Mormon Problem in Illinois Joining with his friend and fellow Quincy lawyer Orville Browning , Archibald Williams in 1840 helped to defend Mormon leader Joseph Smith from being extradited to Missouri to face possible execution for alleged crimes . Joseph Smith was the founder of the Church of Latter Day Saints ( Mormons ) , and he and his church were unpopular because of the voting power of his supporters and their belief in men having multiple wives . Thanks to Browning 's and Williams 's arguments in court , Smith was not extradited to Missouri but remained in Illinois and founded a Mormon colony at Nauvoo , Illinois . Four years later , in 1844 , Smith and his brother Hyrum were murdered by a mob while incarcerated in the jail at Carthage , Illinois . Williams and Browning switched sides and helped to defend in court the accused murderers of Joseph and Hyrum Smith . The murderers were all found not-guilty . Shortly afterward , Archibald Williams chaired a meeting in Quincy , Illinois , that sought to arrange for a peaceful departure of the Mormons from Illinois to the far western state of Utah . Archibald Williams appointed a delegation of Quincy citizens that traveled to Nauvoo and convinced the new Mormon leader , Brigham Young , to leave Illinois for Utah in an orderly manner . Brigham Young said the Mormons could not leave immediately , but when `` grass grows and water runs , '' both signs of spring . The following spring the Mormons peacefully left Illinois for Utah , traveling mainly by wagon train . The Illinois Constitutional Convention of 1847 Archibald Williams was elected to the Illinois state Constitutional Convention of 1847 as a Whig . The convention met in the state capitol in Springfield , Illinois , and proceeded to write an improved state constitution . Williams was elected in a Democratic district against a Democratic candidate . Although the Democrats had a majority of the delegates to the convention , the Whigs could break away Democratic votes when they needed them and ended up dominating the convention . A historian noted : `` James W. Singleton of Mount Sterling , Archibald Williams of Quincy , and David M. Woodson of Carrollton aggressively upheld the Whig cause against the attacks of various capable Democratic opponents . '' At the constitutional convention , Archibald Williams and the Whig Party supported the rights of property , strict voting requirements in state elections , and allowing the state legislature to override the governor 's veto by a majority vote rather than a two-thirds vote . Two issues were sent to the state 's voters - one calling for the creation of an Illinois state bank and the other limiting the immigration into Illinois of freed slaves from the slave states . The voters of Illinois rejected the idea of an Illinois state bank but approved limiting the immigration of freed slaves . Archibald Williams gave a major speech at the constitutional convention opposing the idea that the Illinois Supreme Court should meet at various locations throughout the state rather than only in the state capital of Springfield . After the constitutional convention adjourned , the voters of Illinois approved the new constitution by a ratio of almost 4 to 1 . The Constitutional Convention of 1847 was a landmark in the legal and political career of Archibald Williams . He succeeded in furthering the ideals and policies of the Whig Party against stiff Democratic Party opposition . He was three months in Springfield , the state capital , meeting and working with many of the leading politicians and government officials from throughout the state . It helped to make him a significant figure in Illinois political and governmental history . The `` Lincoln Letter '' to Archibald Williams In the 1848 presidential election , Abraham Lincoln was backing General Zachary Taylor , a Mexican War hero , for the Whig Party nomination . A problem developed when Orville H. Browning , a Whig Party leader in Quincy , Illinois , supported the nomination of past Whig Party favorite Henry Clay . On April 30 , 1848 , Abraham Lincoln wrote a letter to Archibald Williams urging him to support Zachary Taylor and , if possible , also enlist the support of Browning . The letter read : Washington , April 30 , 1848 Dear Williams , I have not seen in the papers and evidence of a movement to send a delegate from your circuit to the June convention - I wish to say that I think it all important that a delegate should be sent - Mr. Clay 's chance for election is just no chance at all . He might get New York , and that would have elected in 1844 but it will not now ; because he must now at the least , have Tennessee , which he had then and , in addition , the fifteen new votes of Florida , Texas , Iowa , and Wisconsin . I know that our good friend Browning is a great admirer of Mr. Clay , and I therefore fear he is favoring his nomination . If he is , ask him to discard feeling , and try if he can possibly , as a matter of judgement , count the votes necessary to elect him . In my judgment , we can elect nobody but Gen. Taylor , and we can not elect him without a nomination - Therefore do n't fail to send a delegation - Your friend as ever , A. Lincoln This letter demonstrates the close friendship and easygoing familiarity between Abraham Lincoln and Archibald Williams . It also reveals Lincoln 's developing skills as an up and coming Illinois politician . It is not known whether Archibald Williams prevailed on Orville Browning to support Zachary Taylor for the Whig nomination for president in 1848 . What is known is that Zachary Taylor not only gained the Whig Party nomination but also won the presidency . Named U.S. District Attorney for Illinois Once in the White House in Washington , D.C. , newly elected President Zachary Taylor appointed Archibald Williams the United States District Attorney for the state of Illinois . Abraham Lincoln had sent the following letter in support of Williams 's nomination : Washington , March 8 , 1849 Hon : John M. Clayton Secretary of State Dear Sir : We Recommend that Archibald Williams , of Quincy , Illinois , be appointed U.S. District Attorney for the District of Illinois , when that office shall become vacant . Your Obt . Servts . A. Lincoln As U.S. District Attorney for Illinois , it was Archibald Williams 's job to prosecute cases in the U.S. District Court . The job became more difficult for Williams in 1850 when Congress enacted the Compromise of 1850 , which included a new Fugitive Slave Law . This law required Williams , in his role as U.S. District Attorney , to oversee the capture of runaway slaves and their return to their owners in the South . Williams was opposed to slavery personally but , in the 1850 's , acknowledged the right of slave owners in the South to keep their slaves . He fully discharged his duties under the Fugitive Slave Act . Death of Nancy Kemp Williams Archibald Williams 's wife , Nancy Kemp Williams , died on March 16 , 1854 , giving birth to a daughter , Nancy Williams . The baby survived the birth and lived to be an adult . Archibald and Nancy Williams had been married for 22 years . Candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives in 1854 In the early 1850 's , U.S. Senator Stephen Douglas of Illinois sought the adoption of the Kansas and Nebraska acts . The bills provided for Kansas and Nebraska to become territories with provision for `` popular sovereignty , '' the idea that the citizens of each new territory would be allowed to vote on whether the territory should be slave or free . This produced a sharp reaction on the part of those opposed to slavery in the territories , because the Missouri Compromise of 1820 had stated that the lands that comprised Kansas and Nebraska should be free territory , not slave territory . The result was the anti-Nebraska movement , which opposed popular sovereignty for Nebraska on the grounds that the citizens of the territory might vote for slavery and thereby spread slavery further into the territories . Archibald Williams and Abraham Lincoln both became anti-Nebraska men . For his part , Archibald Williams ran for the U.S. House of Representatives in 1854 on a strong anti-Nebraska platform . Williams was running against incumbent Democratic Representative William A. Richardson , a formidable opponent . The U.S. House district that comprised Quincy , Illinois , was strongly Democratic . On the other hand , Richardson was a close political ally of Stephen Douglas and had strongly backed popular sovereignty for Nebraska in the U.S. House . Williams and his supporters hoped the wave of anti-Nebraska sentiment sweeping the northern states might just be strong enough to defeat Richardson , despite the strong Democratic voting tendency of the House district . On October 31 , 1854 , Abraham Lincoln arrived in Quincy , Illinois , to give a speech in support of Archibald Williams 's candidacy for the U.S. House of Representatives . It took two days for him to travel by railroad and stagecoach to Quincy . In a letter to a friend and political ally , Lincoln wrote : `` I am here now going to Quincy , to try to give Mr. -LSB- Archibald -RSB- Williams a little life . '' Even with Abraham Lincoln 's help , Archibald Williams lost the election to William Richardson . The overall election was a success for the anti-Nebraska movement , however , as the anti-Nebraska forces won enough seats to gain a majority in the U.S. House of Representatives . After 1854 , Archibald Williams and Abraham Lincoln and other anti-Nebraskans took the lead in forming the Republican Party in Illinois around the issue of `` no slavery in the territories . '' An Archibald Williams Committee Influences Lincoln Abraham Lincoln wrote a letter in which he said he was ready to `` fuse '' with other anti-slavery groups according to `` principles '' adopted at a public meeting in Quincy , Illinois . The purpose of fusion was to bring many disparate anti-slavery groups together to form the Republican Party . Lincoln 's letter noted that the principles had been drawn up by a three-person committee led `` by Mr. Archibald Williams . '' The principles centered on the idea that Southern slave owners could keep their slaves but that slavery would be forbidden in the territories . Archibald Williams and his committee either influenced Lincoln directly on `` fusion , '' or else they confirmed a position on `` fusion '' that Lincoln had already adopted . At the United States Supreme Court Archibald Williams argued a case before the United States Supreme Court on December 6 and 7 , 1855 . Orville Browning , Williams 's good friend from Quincy , Illinois , was the opposing lawyer . The issue in dispute dealt with rival claims for lands and centered on whether the question of `` bad faith '' in the matter should be decided by a judge or by a jury . The Court ruled in Wright v. Mattison that `` bad faith '' should not be decided by the judge but by the jury , which had been the precedent . The Court ordered the case to be retried in a lower court . The outcome was a victory for Browning and a loss for Williams . The Beginnings of the Republican Party in Illinois In 1856 , Archibald Williams was the temporary chairman at a major anti-Nebraska convention in Bloomington , Illinois . Williams led the convention until a permanent chairman had been elected . While attending the convention , Abraham Lincoln and Archibald Williams slept in the same bed at the Bloomington home of David Davis , a close friend of both men.A historian noted : `` At Bloomington , Lincoln , Archibald Williams , his old associate in the Legislature , -LSB- and -RSB- T. Lyle Dickey , of Ottawa -LSB- Illinois -RSB- , a good lawyer , went to -LSB- David -RSB- Davis 's house and lived there during the Convention . Lincoln and Williams slept in one bed and Dickey and Whitney in another ... The course of the historic Bloomfield Convention was decisively influenced by the counsels that came from the steady men in the Davis House . '' Although the name `` Republican '' was applied at a later date , the anti-Nebraska convention in Bloomington was considered the birthplace of the Republican Party in Illinois . The Election of 1858 In 1858 , at a state party convention in Springfield , Illinois , Abraham Lincoln was nominated to be the Republican candidate for U.S. Senator from Illinois . A resolution passed at the convention stated that Lincoln `` was the first and only choice of the Republicans of Illinois for the U.S. Senate . '' In the famous Lincoln-Douglas debates in the 1858 Illinois U.S. Senate race , Democratic candidate Stephen Douglas attacked Lincoln three times for having been described as `` the first and only choice '' of Illinois Republicans for the Senate seat . All three times , Douglas pointed to Archibald Williams as an Illinois Republican who would have been an acceptable alternate choice to Lincoln in that contest . Archibald Williams traveled and spoke throughout the state of Illinois in Lincoln 's behalf during the 1858 U.S. Senate race . A newspaper in Quincy , Illinois , allied with the Republican Party , printed : `` Old Archie Williams is doing good service for the Republican cause ... He has already spoken at Macomb , Oquawka , Monmouth , Cameron , Galesburg , and other points ... to large assemblages ; and everywhere , he has created enthusiasm and confidence among our friends and animated the lukewarm ... In the winter of his life ... Mr. Williams is found battling for the cause of Republicanism . '' The Illinois state legislature chose Stephen Douglas over Abraham Lincoln in the 1858 U.S. Senate race . A close friend of Lincoln 's wrote : `` In January , 1859 , while the Democrats were celebrating the election of Stephen A. Douglas to the United States Senate , Archibald Williams ... came into Lincoln 's office and finding him writing said : ` Well , the Democrats are making a great noise over their victory . ' Looking up Lincoln replied : ` Yes , Archie , Douglas has taken this trick , but the game is not played out . ' '' The Lincoln-Douglas debates became so well-known that Lincoln gave personally signed presentation copies of the debates to his best friends and political associates . The one given to Archibald Williams was inscribed in Lincoln 's handwriting : `` To Hon : Archibald Williams , with respects of A. Lincoln . '' It was one more sign of Lincoln 's close friendship and strong political alliance with Archibald Williams . The Presidential Election of 1860 On December 25 , 1859 , a number of leading Republicans in Quincy , Illinois , including Archibald Williams , met with Horace Greeley , a prominent national journalist and editor of the New York Tribune . Greeley had famously stated `` Go west , young man . Go west ! '' Williams and the other Quincy Republicans talked to Greeley about Abraham Lincoln possibly becoming the Republican candidate for President in 1860 . Archibald Williams spoke throughout Illinois in behalf of Abraham Lincoln during Lincoln 's successful 1860 campaign for the White House in Washington , D.C. Almost on the Supreme Court , Then U.S. District Judge in Kansas Following his election to the U.S. presidency in 1860 , Abraham Lincoln offered Archibald Williams a seat on the U.S. Supreme Court . Williams refused the offer due to ill health and advanced age . Williams recommended that Lincoln appoint a younger court nominee who could live for more years and thereby serve longer on the Court . Archibald Williams was then appointed by President Lincoln to be the Judge for the U.S. District Court of Kansas . Williams was the first person to hold the office of U.S. District Court Judge in Kansas , because Kansas had just been admitted to the Union as a state . Williams moved to Topeka , Kansas , the state capital , where he served more than two years as U.S. Judge . He moved back to Quincy , Illinois , shortly before his death on September 21 , 1863 . During his tenure as the U.S. District Court Judge for Kansas , Archibald Williams worked on such issues as building a branch of the transcontinental railroad across Kansas , fair treatment of Native Americans in railroad matters , and the loyalty to the Union cause of a U.S. Army officer stationed in Kansas . Also while in Kansas , Williams married his second wife , Ellen M. Parker , on September 24 , 1861 . The marriage lasted a little less than two years until Archibald Williams death . While serving as the U.S. Judge for Kansas , Archibald Williams traveled to Washington , D.C. , and , on May 29 , 1962 , paid a last visit to his old friend Abraham Lincoln in the White House . Death and Burial of Archibald Williams Archibald Williams was praised in obituaries as a leading attorney in Illinois in the mid-19th Century . His many political and governmental activities were noted , along with his deep friendship with Abraham Lincoln . The bar association in Quincy , Illinois , donated a large marble grave marker for Williams . The base of the marker was a stack of law books ; an obelisk was placed on top of the law books . He was buried in Woodland Cemetery in Quincy , Illinois , at a grave site that overlooks the Mississippi River .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "45b265f14064c0e75c18a0eb3816bfa5", "text": "1950s American automobile culture 1950s American automobile culture has had an enduring influence on the culture of the United States , as reflected in popular music , major trends from the 1950s and mainstream acceptance of the `` hot rod '' culture . The American manufacturing economy switched from producing war-related items to consumer goods at the end of World War II , and by the end of the 1950s , one in six working Americans were employed either directly or indirectly in the automotive industry . The United States became the world 's largest manufacturer of automobiles , and Henry Ford 's goal of 30 years earlier -- that any man with a good job should be able to afford an automobile -- was achieved . A new generation of service businesses focusing on customers with their automobiles sprang up during the decade , including drive-through or drive-in restaurants and more drive-in theaters ( cinemas ) . The decade began with 25 million registered automobiles on the road , most of which predated World War II and were in poor condition ; no automobiles or parts were produced during the war owing to rationing and restrictions . By 1950 , most factories had made the transition to a consumer-based economy , and more than 8 million cars were produced that year alone . By 1958 , there were more than 67 million cars registered in the United States , more than twice the number at the start of the decade . As part of the U.S. national defenses , to support military transport , the National Highway System was expanded with Interstate highways , beginning in 1955 , across many parts of the United States . The wider , multi-lane highways allowed traffic to move at faster speeds , with few or no stoplights on the way . The wide-open spaces along the highways became a basis for numerous billboards showing advertisements . The dawning of the Space Age and Space Race were reflected in contemporary American automotive styling . Large tailfins , flowing designs reminiscent of rockets , and radio antennas that imitated Sputnik 1 were common , owing to the efforts of design pioneers such as Harley Earl .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "644f8a84256f5d138d80c5601bec0c99", "text": "Half-Breed (politics) The `` Half-Breeds '' were a political faction of the United States Republican Party in the late 19th century . The Half-Breeds were a moderate-wing group , and were the opponents of the Stalwarts , the other main faction of the Republican Party . The main issue that divided the Stalwarts and the Half-Breeds was political patronage . The Stalwarts were in favor of political machines and spoils system-style patronage , while the Half-Breeds , led by Maine senator James G. Blaine , were in favor of civil service reform and a merit system . The epithet `` Half-Breed '' was invented in derision by the Stalwarts to denote those whom they perceived as being only half Republican . In the 1880 Republican National Convention , the Stalwart candidate , former president Ulysses S. Grant , was pitted against Half-Breed James G. Blaine for the party nomination . Grant 's campaign was led by Stalwart leader Roscoe Conkling of New York , the state with the biggest split between Stalwarts and Half-Breeds . Despite Conkling 's attempts at imposing a unit-rule in the Republican National Convention by which a state 's votes would be grouped together for only one candidate , a number of Stalwarts went against him by vocalizing their support for the Half-Breed Blaine . The Half-Breeds united to defeat the unit-rule in a vote , and elected Half-Breed George Frisbie Hoar to the position as temporary chairman of the convention . Both sides knew there was no chance of victory for either candidate , and the Half-Breeds chose James Garfield as a compromise candidate . Garfield won the party 's nomination on the thirty-sixth ballot , and won the 1880 presidential election . Blaine was chosen as Garfield 's Secretary of State , and carried heavy influence over the political appointments Garfield issued for congressional approval . After Garfield was assassinated by Charles J. Guiteau , a Stalwart , who proclaimed , `` I am a Stalwart of the Stalwarts and Arthur will be President '' , the new Stalwart president Chester A. Arthur surprised those in his own faction by promoting civil service reform and issuing government jobs based on a merit system . The Half-Breeds put through Congress the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act ( authored by Democrat George H. Pendleton ) , and Arthur signed the bill into law on January 16 , 1883 . The act put an end to the spoils system , at least symbolically , placing a significant number of federal employees under the merit system and putting the government on the road to true reform . The act also set up the United States Civil Service Commission , banished political tests , denied jobs to alcoholics and created competitive measures for some federal positions . The Half-Breed and Stalwart factions both dissociated towards the end of the 1880s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9580530101cd38635e3d08557928a958", "text": "1860 Republican National Convention The 1860 Republican National Convention , also known as the 2nd Republican National Convention , was a nominating convention of the Republican Party of the United States , held in Chicago , Illinois , from May 16 to 18 , 1860 . The gathering nominated former U.S. Representative Abraham Lincoln of Illinois for President of the United States and Senator Hannibal Hamlin of Maine for Vice President . Lincoln 's nomination was a surprise , as the favorite before the convention had been former Governor of New York and U.S. Senator William H. Seward . Lincoln 's campaign manager , David Davis , is credited for Lincoln 's victory over Thurlow Weed , Seward 's campaign manager . Lincoln-Hamlin went on to defeat three other major tickets that year , including Democratic nominee Stephen A. Douglas , U.S. Senator from Illinois .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b905ae3bf3c989333a96bd5623366f84", "text": "Post-industrial economy A post-industrial economy refers to a period of growth within an industrialized economy or nation in which the relative importance of manufacturing reduces and that of services , information , and research grows . Such economies are often marked by : A declining manufacturing sector , resulting in deindustrialization , a large service sector , and an increase in the amount of information technology , often leading to an `` information age '' . Information , knowledge , and creativity are the new raw materials of such an economy . The industry aspect of a post-industrial economy is sent into less developed nations which manufacture what is needed at lower costs ( see outsourcing ) . This occurrence is typical of nations that industrialized in the past such as the United States and most Western European countries .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "85d2b3b05df919f5c506940bf8a7f6dc", "text": "Illinois Illinois ( -LSB- ɪlᵻˈnɔɪ -RSB- ) is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States , achieving statehood in 1818 . It is the 6th-most populous state and 25th-largest state in terms of land area , and is noted as a microcosm of the entire country . The word `` Illinois '' comes from a French rendering of a native Algonquin word . With Chicago in the northeast , small industrial cities and great agricultural productivity in central and northern Illinois , and natural resources like coal , timber , and petroleum in the south , Illinois has a diverse economic base and is a major transportation hub . The Port of Chicago connects the state to other global ports from the Great Lakes , via the Saint Lawrence Seaway , to the Atlantic Ocean , as well as the Great Lakes to the Mississippi River , via the Illinois Waterway . For decades , O'Hare International Airport has been ranked as one of the world 's busiest airports . Illinois has long had a reputation as a bellwether both in social and cultural terms and politics . Although today the state 's largest population center is around Chicago in the northern part of the state , the state 's European population grew first in the west , with French Canadian colonists who settled along the Mississippi River in the 17th and 18th century , and gave the area the name , `` Pays des Illinois '' or Illinois Country a region that was known as part of New France . After the American Revolutionary War established the United States , American settlers began arriving crossing the Appalachians barrier range in the 1810s via the gaps of the Allegheny to boat building centers in Pittsburgh , from Cumberland , Maryland via the Cumberland Narrows pass to outfit in Brownsville , Pennsylvania , from North Carolina and Virginia via the Cumberland Gap to Kentucky and Tennessee , all on the Ohio River . With the War of 1812 , the growth of Illinois slowed as both Native Americans and Canadian forces often raided the American Frontier . After the war 's end , the federal government re-established forts such as Fort Dearborn ( in 1816 -- now the site is within Chicago ) and army patrols west of the Mississippi diminished the threat from Amerindian raids , so settlers were able to move into all of Illinois from the eastern and southern emigrant trails . Mineral finds and timber stands also had spurred immigration -- by the 1810s , the Eastern U.S. had exhausted most timber stands close to the established cities creating a hard felt first energy crisis by the late-1790s , and after 1818 , the industrial revolution was being fueled by new canals such as the Lehigh Canal feeding the furnaces of the rapidly industrializing east coast . Also in 1818 , Illinois achieved statehood and its growth , as yet untroubled by the speed of as yet unrefined railway technology , would be fueled by the new religion of industrialized forward thinking . After construction of the Erie Canal with increasing traffic and trade through the Great Lakes , Chicago was founded in the 1830s on the banks of the Chicago River , at one of the few natural harbors on southern Lake Michigan . John Deere 's invention of the self-scouring steel plow turned Illinois ' rich prairie into some of the world 's most productive and valuable farmlands , attracting new immigrant farmers from Germany and Sweden . Railroads arose and matured in the 1840s , and soon carried immigrants to new homes in Illinois , as well as being a resource to ship their commodity crops out to markets . Railroads freed most of the land of Illinois and other mid-western states from the tyranny of water transport ; no longer was a location near a river or canal a need to ship bulk goods . By 1900 , the growth of industrial jobs in the northern cities and coal mining in the central and southern areas attracted a new group of immigrants , from Eastern and Southern Europe . Illinois was an important manufacturing center during both world wars . The Great Migration from the South established a large community of African Americans in Chicago , who created the city 's famous jazz and blues cultures . Three U.S. presidents have been elected while living in Illinois : Abraham Lincoln , Ulysses S. Grant , and most recently Barack Obama . Additionally , Ronald Reagan , whose political career was based in California , was the only U.S. president born and raised in Illinois . Today , Illinois honors Lincoln with its official state nickname `` The Land of Lincoln , '' which has been displayed on its license plates since 1954 . The Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum is located in the state capital of Springfield , and the Barack Obama Presidential Center will be completed in Chicago by 2020 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5ec69f76f862c9b38e890e8e962e56ca", "text": "Modern liberalism in the United States Modern American liberalism is the dominant version of liberalism in the United States . It is characterized by social liberalism , and combines ideas of civil liberty and equality with support for social justice and a mixed economy . The term `` modern liberalism '' in this article refers only to the United States . In a global context , this philosophy is usually referred to as social liberalism . The American modern liberal philosophy strongly endorses public spending on programs such as education , health care , and welfare . Important social issues today include addressing inequality , voting rights for minorities , affirmative action , reproductive and other women 's rights , support for LGBT rights , and immigration reform . Modern liberalism took shape during the twentieth century , with roots in Theodore Roosevelt 's New Nationalism , Woodrow Wilson 's New Freedom , Franklin D. Roosevelt 's New Deal , Harry S. Truman 's Fair Deal , John F. Kennedy 's New Frontier , and Lyndon B. Johnson 's Great Society . American liberals oppose conservatives on most issues , but not all . Modern liberalism is historically related to social liberalism and progressivism , though the current relationship between liberal and progressive viewpoints is debated . John F. Kennedy defined a liberal as follows : Franklin Delano Roosevelt in 1941 defined a liberal party as one , Keynesian economic theory has played an important role in the economic philosophy of modern American liberals . Modern American liberals generally believe that national prosperity requires government management of the macroeconomy , in order to keep unemployment low , inflation in check , and growth high . They also value institutions that defend against economic inequality . In The Conscience of a Liberal Paul Krugman writes : `` I believe in a relatively equal society , supported by institutions that limit extremes of wealth and poverty . I believe in democracy , civil liberties , and the rule of law . That makes me a liberal , and I 'm proud of it . '' Liberals often point to the widespread prosperity enjoyed under a mixed economy in the years since World War II . They believe liberty exists when access to necessities like health care and economic opportunity are available to all , and they champion the protection of the environment . Modern American liberalism is typically associated with the Democratic Party , as modern American conservatism is typically associated with the Republican Party .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1580fad2f4cfb9aab9ac957ba519b5a3", "text": "Slave Power The Slave Power or Slaveocracy was the perceived political power in the U.S. federal government held by slave owners during the 1840s and 1850s , prior to the Civil War . Antislavery campaigners during this period bitterly complained about what they saw as disproportionate and corrupt influence wielded by wealthy Southerners . The argument was that this small group of rich slave owners had seized political control of their own states and were trying to take over the federal government in an illegitimate fashion in order to expand and protect slavery . The argument was widely used by the Republican Party that formed in 1854 -- 55 to oppose the expansion of slavery . The main issue expressed by the term slave power was distrust of the political power of the slave-owning class . Such distrust was shared by many who were not abolitionists ; those who were motivated more by a possible threat to the political balance or the impossibility of competing with unwaged slave labor , than by concern over the treatment of slaves . Those who differed on many other issues ( such as hating blacks or liking them , denouncing slavery as a sin or promising to guarantee its protection in the Deep South ) could unite to attack the slaveocracy . The `` Free Soil '' element emphasized that rich slave owners would move into new territory , use their cash to buy up all the good lands , then use their slaves to work the lands , leaving little opportunity room for free farmers . By 1854 the Free Soil Party had largely merged into the new Republican party . The term was popularized by antislavery writers such as John Gorham Palfrey , Josiah Quincy III , Horace Bushnell , James Shepherd Pike , and Horace Greeley . Politicians who emphasized the theme included John Quincy Adams , Henry Wilson and William Pitt Fessenden . Abraham Lincoln used the concept after 1854 but not the term . They showed through a combination of emotive argument and hard statistical data that the South had long held a disproportionate level of power in the United States . Historian Allan Nevins contends that `` nearly all groups ... steadily substituted emotion for reason . ... Fear fed hatred , and hatred fed fear . '' The existence of a Slave Power was dismissed by Southerners at the time , and rejected as false by many historians of the 1920s and 1930s , who stressed the internal divisions in the South before 1850 . The idea that the Slave Power existed has partly come back at the hands of neoabolitionist historians since 1970 , and there is no doubt that it was a powerful factor in the Northern anti-slavery belief system . It was standard rhetoric for all factions of the Republican party .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c5a64832fbcf0c76254e7bfd401e9372", "text": "Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War This timeline of events leading up to the American Civil War describes and links to narrative articles and references about many of the events and issues which historians recognize as origins and causes of the Civil War . The pre-Civil War events can be roughly divided into a period encompassing the long term build-up over many decades and a period encompassing the five-month build to war immediately after the election of Abraham Lincoln as President in the Election of 1860 which culminated in the Fall of Fort Sumter ( April 1861 ) . Since the early colonial period in Virginia , slavery had been a part of the socioeconomic system of British North America and was recognized in the Thirteen Colonies at the time of the United States ' Declaration of Independence ( 1776 ) . Since then , events and statements by politicians and others brought forth differences , tensions and divisions between the people of the slave states of the Southern United States and the people of the free states of the Northern United States ( including Western states ) over the topics of slavery . The large underlying issue from which other issues developed was whether slavery should be retained and even expanded to other areas or whether it should be contained and eventually abolished . Over many decades , these issues and divisions became increasingly irreconcilable and contentious . Events in the 1850s culminated with the election of the anti-slavery-expansion Republican Abraham Lincoln as President on November 6 , 1860 . This provoked the first round of state secessions as leaders of the Deep South cotton states were unwilling to remain in a second class political status with their way of life threatened by the President himself . Initially , the seven Deep South states seceded , with economies based on cotton ( then in heavy European demand with rising prices ) . They were Alabama , Florida , Georgia , Louisiana , Mississippi , South Carolina and Texas . After the Confederates attacked and captured Fort Sumter , President Lincoln called for volunteers to march south and suppress the rebellion . This pushed the four other Upper South States ( Virginia , North Carolina , Tennessee , and Arkansas ) also to secede . These states completed the formation of the Confederate States of America . Their addition to the Confederacy insured a war would be prolonged and bloody because they contributed territory and soldiers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "196750fa372d3c990546068a0fbdf6ab", "text": "Proto-industrialization Proto-industrialization ( also spelled proto-industrialisation ) was a possible phase in the development of modern industrial economies that preceded , and created conditions for , the establishment of fully industrial societies . Proto-industrialisation is generally referred to the phase before industrialisation . Proto-industrialization was marked by the increasing involvement of agrarian families in market-oriented craft production , mainly through the putting-out system organized by merchant capitalists . It was an effective method of production which was controlled by merchants and had links to developing European consumerism . However , the phase was not observed across Europe , and nor did it always smoothly transition into the Industrial Revolution proper . The term was coined by F. F. Mendels in 1972 , though a UNESCO colloquium on the 10th anniversary of the deaths of Einstein and Teilhard de Chardin and published in 1971 discusses `` the basis for proto-industrialization '' . The applicability of proto-industrialization in Europe has since been challenged . M.J. Daunton , for example , argues that proto-industrialisation `` excludes too much '' to fully explain the expansion of industry : not only do proponents of proto-industrialisation ignore the vital town-based industries in pre-industrial economies , but also ignores `` rural and urban industry based upon non-domestic organisation , '' referring to how mines , mills , forges and furnaces fit into the agrarian economy . Initially using surplus labor available during slow periods of the agricultural seasons , proto-industrialization led to specialization - not only in industrial production but also in commercial agricultural production . This allowed reciprocal trade favored by regional economies of scale . It resulted in accumulation of capital and in the acquisition of entrepreneurial skills by merchant capitalists , which facilitated the development of large-scale , and capital-intensive production methods in the full industrialization phase that followed . Proto-industrialization sparked social changes in traditional agrarian societies that would become more marked during full industrialization , such as greater independence of women and children , who gained a means of income separate from the family subsistence farm . During this phase of industrialisation , machines were not used . They were not even invented at that time . People could only use their hands or any hand-made material to produce required goods .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1aa3b0df9240e4f83db9bdf182950f42", "text": "Classical economics Classical economics ( also known as liberal economics ) asserts that markets function best with minimal government interference . It was developed in the late 18th and early 19th century by Adam Smith , Jean-Baptiste Say , David Ricardo , Thomas Robert Malthus , and John Stuart Mill . Many writers found Adam Smith 's idea of free markets more convincing than the idea , widely accepted at the time , of protectionism . Adam Smith 's The Wealth of Nations in 1776 is usually considered to mark the beginning of classical economics . The fundamental message in Smith 's influential book was that the wealth of nations was based not on gold but on trade : That when two parties freely agree to exchange things of value , because both see a profit in the exchange , total wealth increases . Classical economics originally differed from modern libertarian economics in seeing a role for the state in providing for the common good . Smith acknowledged that there were areas where the market is not the best way to serve the common good , and he took it as a given that the greater proportion of the costs supporting the common good should be borne by those best able to afford them . Classical economists observe that markets generally regulate themselves , when free of coercion . Adam Smith referred to this as a metaphorical `` invisible hand '' , which refers to the notion that private incentives are aligned with society welfare maximization under certain competitive conditions . Smith warned repeatedly of the dangers of monopoly , and stressed the importance of competition . There is some debate about what is covered by the term `` classical economics '' , particularly when dealing with the period from 1830 -- 75 , and how classical economics relates to Neoclassical economics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fe7ccac40aca650d63c6ef6cbc9731c3", "text": "The Lincoln Hunters The Lincoln Hunters is a 1958 novel by Wilson Tucker . The novel , set in the year 2578 , details the story of a historian from the oppressive society of that year , who travels back in time to record Abraham Lincoln 's Lost Speech of May 19 , 1856 in Bloomington , Illinois . It contains a vivid description of Lincoln in the early stages of his career , seen through the eyes of a future American who feels that Lincoln and his time compare very favorably with the traveler 's own . The book is mentioned in 11/22/63 , a novel by Stephen King that also centers around time travel and an assassinated president . Furthermore , the protagonist springboards to 1958-the year `` Hunters '' first ran-to alter the timeline by 1963 . Category :1958 American novels Category :1950 s science fiction novels Category : American science fiction novels Category : Time travel novels Category : Novels by Wilson Tucker Category :1856 in fiction Category : Novels set in Illinois Category :26 th century in fiction Category : Fictional depictions of Abraham Lincoln in literature", "title": "" }, { "docid": "af31ebac68c687b708e9d783d429cba4", "text": "New York City draft riots The New York draft riots ( July 13 -- 16 , 1863 ) , known at the time as Draft Week , were violent disturbances in Lower Manhattan , widely regarded as the culmination of working-class discontent with new laws passed by Congress that year to draft men to fight in the ongoing American Civil War . The riots remain the largest civil and racial insurrection in American history , aside from the Civil War itself . U.S. President Abraham Lincoln diverted several regiments of militia and volunteer troops from following up after the Battle of Gettysburg to control the city . The rioters were overwhelmingly working-class men , who resented that wealthier men , who could afford to pay a $ 300 ( equivalent to $ 9,157 in 2017 ) commutation fee to hire a substitute , were spared from the draft . Initially intended to express anger at the draft , the protests turned into a race riot , with white rioters , predominantly Irish immigrants , attacking blacks throughout the city . The official death toll was listed at either 119 or 120 individuals . Conditions in the city were such that Major General John E. Wool , commander of the Department of the East , said on July 16 that `` Martial law ought to be proclaimed , but I have not a sufficient force to enforce it . '' The military did not reach the city until after the first day of rioting , by which time the mobs , primarily ethnic Irish , had already ransacked or destroyed numerous public buildings , two Protestant churches , the homes of various abolitionists or sympathizers , many black homes , and the Colored Orphan Asylum at 44th Street and Fifth Avenue , which was burned to the ground . The area 's demographics changed as a result of the riot . Many blacks left Manhattan permanently ( many moving to Brooklyn ) . By 1865 their population fell below 10,000 , the number in 1820 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d293adf9c515215c8eab68ee0055947e", "text": "History of Springfield, Massachusetts The history of Springfield , Massachusetts ( est. 1636 ) springs in large part from its favorable geography , situated on a steep bluff overlooking the Connecticut River 's confluence with three tributaries . It was an ancient Indian crossroad for two major trade routes : Boston-to-Albany and New York City-to-Montreal . Springfield also sits on some of the northeastern United States ' most fertile soil . Springfield was founded in 1636 as Agawam , the northernmost settlement of the Connecticut Colony . The settlement defected from Connecticut after four years , however , later joining forces with the coastal Massachusetts Bay Colony . The town changed its name to Springfield , and changed the political boundaries among what later became New England States . Springfield flourished as a trading post and agricultural center until 1675 's King Philip 's War , when a coalition of Indians laid siege to Springfield and later burned it to the ground . Its prosperity waned for the next hundred years but , in 1777 , United States Revolutionary War leaders made it a National Armory to store weapons , and in 1795 it began manufacturing muskets . Until 1968 , the Armory made small arms . Its first American muskets ( 1794 ) were followed by the famous Springfield rifle and the revolutionary M1 Garand and M14s . The Springfield Armory attracted generations of skilled laborers to the city , making it the United States ' longtime center for precision manufacturing ( comparable to a Silicon Valley of the Industrial Revolution ) . The Armory 's near-capture during Shays Rebellion of 1787 was among the troubles that prompted the U.S. Constitutional Convention later that year . Innovations in the 19th and 20th centuries include the first American English dictionary ( 1805 , Noah Webster ) , the first use of interchangeable parts and the assembly line in manufacturing ( 1819 , Thomas Blanchard ) , the first American horseless car ( 1825 , again Thomas Blanchard ) , vulcanized rubber ( 1844 , Charles Goodyear ) , the first American gasoline-powered car ( 1893 , Duryea Brothers ) , the first American motorcycle company ( 1901 , `` Indian '' ) , an early commercial radio station ( 1921 , WBZ , and most famously , the world 's third-most-popular sport of basketball ( 1891 , Dr. James Naismith ) . Throughout the latter half of the 20th century , Springfield endured a protracted decline , accelerated by the decommission of the Springfield Armory in 1969 . Springfield became increasingly like the declining , second tier Northeastern U.S. cities from which it had long been set apart . During the 1980s and 1990s , Springfield developed a new reputation for crime , political corruption , and cronyism . Seeking to overcome its downgrade , the city undertook several large ( but unfinished ) projects , including a $ 1 billion high-speed rail ( New Haven-Hartford-Springfield high-speed rail ) , a proposed $ 1 billion MGM Casino , and others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0f652445cb8cfc56e35ff1448f61662f", "text": "Emancipation Memorial The Emancipation Memorial , also known as the Freedman 's Memorial or the Emancipation Group , and sometimes referred to as the `` Lincoln Memorial '' before the more prominent so-named memorial was built , is a monument in Lincoln Park in the Capitol Hill neighborhood of Washington , D.C. Designed and sculpted by Thomas Ball and erected in 1876 , the monument depicts Abraham Lincoln in his role of the `` Great Emancipator '' freeing a male African American slave modeled on Archer Alexander . The ex-slave is depicted on one knee , with one fist clenched , shirtless and shackled at the president 's feet . The statue originally faced west towards the U.S. Capitol until it was rotated east in 1974 in order to face the newly-erected Mary McLeod Bethune Memorial . The monument has long been the subject of controversy . According to information from American University : Despite being paid for by African Americans , historian Kirk Savage in 1997 condemned it as `` a monument entrenched in and perpetuating racist ideology '' because of the supplicant and inferior position of the Black figure . The statue is a contributing monument to the Civil War Monuments in Washington , DC , of the National Register of Historic Places .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "094b546e62581ff82522be9ddecac952", "text": "Long Depression The Long Depression was a worldwide price and economic recession , beginning in 1873 and running either through the spring of 1879 , or 1896 , depending on the metrics used . It was the most severe in Europe and the United States , which had been experiencing strong economic growth fueled by the Second Industrial Revolution in the decade following the American Civil War . The episode was labeled the `` Great Depression '' at the time , and it held that designation until the Great Depression of the 1930s . Though a period of general deflation and a general contraction , it did not have the severe economic retrogression of the Great Depression . It was most notable in Western Europe and North America , at least in part because reliable data from the period is most readily available in those parts of the world . The United Kingdom is often considered to have been the hardest hit ; during this period it lost some of its large industrial lead over the economies of Continental Europe . While it was occurring , the view was prominent that the economy of the United Kingdom had been in continuous depression from 1873 to as late as 1896 and some texts refer to the period as the Great Depression of 1873 -- 96 . In the United States , economists typically refer to the Long Depression as the Depression of 1873 -- 79 , kicked off by the Panic of 1873 , and followed by the Panic of 1893 , book-ending the entire period of the wider Long Depression . The National Bureau of Economic Research dates the contraction following the panic as lasting from October 1873 to March 1879 . At 65 months , it is the longest-lasting contraction identified by the NBER , eclipsing the Great Depression 's 43 months of contraction . In the US , from 1873 to 1879 , 18,000 businesses went bankrupt , including 89 railroads . Ten states and hundreds of banks went bankrupt . Unemployment peaked in 1878 , long after the panic ended . Different sources peg the peak U.S. unemployment rate anywhere from 8.25 % to 14 % .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "41110c55c3ff761f51a9bb721bcbdf1f", "text": "Presidency of William McKinley The presidency of William McKinley began on March 4 , 1897 at noon Eastern Standard Time , when William McKinley was inaugurated as President of the United States , and ended on September 14 , 1901 , upon his assassination and death , days into his second term . McKinley , a Republican , was succeeded by Vice President Theodore Roosevelt . The 25th United States president , he took office following the 1896 presidential election , in which he defeated Democrat William Jennings Bryan , after a front-porch campaign in which he advocated `` sound money '' , promised that high tariffs would restore prosperity , and denounced Bryan 's radicalism and class warfare . He defeated Bryan again in the 1900 presidential election , in a campaign focused on imperialism , protectionism , and free silver . McKinley 's presidency marked the beginning of an era in American political history from the mid -- 1890s to 1932 that was generally dominated by the Republican Party . McKinley led the nation to victory in the Spanish -- American War , took ownership of Hawaii , the Philippines and Puerto Rico , restored prosperity , promoted pluralism among all groups , raised protective tariffs to promote American industry , and maintained the nation on the gold standard in a rejection of inflationary proposals . Rapid economic growth marked his presidency . He promoted the 1897 Dingley Tariff to protect manufacturers and factory workers from foreign competition , and in 1900 , he secured the passage of the Gold Standard Act . McKinley hoped to persuade Spain to grant independence to rebellious Cuba without conflict , but when negotiation failed , he led the nation in the Spanish -- American War of 1898 ; the U.S. victory was quick and decisive . As part of the peace settlement , Spain turned over to the United States its main overseas colonies of Puerto Rico , Guam , and the Philippines ; Cuba was promised independence , but for a time remained under the control of the U.S. Army . The United States annexed the independent Republic of Hawaii in 1898 and it became a U.S. territory . As an innovator of American interventionism and pro-business sentiment , McKinley 's presidency is generally ranked above average . Historian Lewis L. Gould argues that McKinley was effective in domestic and foreign affairs and was `` the first modern president '' :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8ada361874236dc7ac41a443daa52543", "text": "John T. Stuart John Todd Stuart ( November 10 , 1807 -- November 23 , 1885 ) was a lawyer and a U.S. Representative from Illinois . Born near Lexington , Kentucky , Stuart graduated from Centre College , Danville , Kentucky , in 1826 . He then studied law , was admitted to the bar in 1828 , and commenced practice in Springfield , Illinois . He was a major in the Black Hawk War in 1832 , where he first met Abraham Lincoln , who was in the same battalion as Stuart . He served as member of the Illinois House of Representatives between 1832 and 1836 . Stuart encouraged Lincoln to study law and the two subsequently became law partners , between 1837 and 1841 . If not for Stuart 's influence , it is conceivable that Lincoln might never have been interested in the law - and thus , might not ever have become president . Stuart was an unsuccessful candidate for election in 1836 to the Twenty-fifth Congress . He was , however , elected as a Whig to the Twenty-sixth and Twenty-seventh Congresses ( March 4 , 1839 - March 3 , 1843 ) , winning over Stephen A. Douglas in 1838 . He was not a candidate for renomination in 1842 . Stuart established a law partnership with Benjamin S. Edwards in 1843 , a partnership that would last for forty years . Stuart served as member of the Illinois Senate between 1848 and 1852 . He was the unsuccessful Constitutional Union candidate for Governor of Illinois in 1860 . Stuart was elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-eighth Congress ( March 4 , 1863 - March 3 , 1865 ) , and served there while Lincoln was president . Stuart was a favorite cousin of Mary Todd Lincoln and as a member of Congress after his election in 1862 over Republican Leonard Swett was a frequent visitor at the White House even though he was an anti-emancipation Democrat . He was defeated in 1864 by Republican Shelby Moore Cullom , a Lincoln ally . Following his defeat in 1864 , Stuart resumed the practice of law in Springfield . He died there and was interred in the Oak Ridge Cemetery . In the fall of 2007 , Centre College ( Stuart 's alma mater ) dedicated Stuart Hall , a building that once housed the College 's bookstore but is now a residence hall , in honor of the influence Stuart had over Lincoln 's career path as well as Stuart 's contribution to law . The firm that he founded in Springfield Illinois , once known as `` Stuart and Lincoln , '' is still operating under the name `` Brown , Hay , & Stephens , '' and includes his great-great-grandson as a partner .", "title": "" } ]	fever
f12da3dcac3274550c8d842a9099d840	Helen Mirren has performed on Broadway and in the West End.	[ { "docid": "1a0dc64a3e0ca1a7a6c3a390d1e13a34", "text": "Helen Mirren Dame Helen Lydia Mirren ( née Mironoff ; born 26 July 1945 ) is an English actor . Mirren began her acting career with the Royal Shakespeare Company in 1967 , and is one of the few performers who have achieved the Triple Crown of Acting , having won the Academy Award for Best Actress in 2007 , after two previous nominations , for her performance as Queen Elizabeth II in The Queen . She received an Olivier Award for Best Actress in 2013 for her West End performance in The Audience , in which she also portrayed Elizabeth II , and in 2015 she won the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play for her Broadway performance in the play . The Audience was written by Peter Morgan , who also wrote The Queen . Mirren won three consecutive BAFTA Awards for Best Actress between 1992 and 1994 and her first of several Emmy Awards in 1996 for her performance as police detective Jane Tennison on the British television series Prime Suspect , which ran for seven seasons between 1991 and 2006 . Some of her other notable film roles include Marcella in the 1984 film Cal , for which she won the Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actress , 2010 ( 1984 ) , The Cook , the Thief , His Wife & Her Lover ( 1989 ) , The Madness of King George ( 1994 ) , Teaching Mrs. Tingle ( 1999 ) , Gosford Park ( 2001 ) , Calendar Girls ( 2003 ) , The Last Station ( 2009 ) , Hitchcock ( 2012 ) , and The Hundred-Foot Journey ( 2014 ) . She played Victoria Winslow in the action-comedy films Red and Red 2 . In 2003 , she was appointed a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire ( DBE ) for Services to the Performing Arts . In 2013 , Mirren was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame , and in 2014 , BAFTA announced that Mirren would be the recipient of the Academy Fellowship .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "2021052753aba09d9cd5829657e13fba", "text": "Helen Hayes Helen Hayes MacArthur ( née Brown ; October 10 , 1900 -- March 17 , 1993 ) was an American actress whose career spanned almost 80 years . She eventually garnered the nickname `` First Lady of American Theatre '' and was one of 12 people who have won an Emmy , a Grammy , an Oscar and a Tony Award ( an EGOT ) . Hayes also received the Presidential Medal of Freedom , America 's highest civilian honor , from then-President Ronald Reagan in 1986 . In 1988 , she was awarded the National Medal of Arts . The annual Helen Hayes Awards , which have recognized excellence in professional theatre in greater Washington , DC , since 1984 , are her namesake . In 1955 , the former Fulton Theatre on 46th Street in New York City 's Broadway Theater District was renamed the Helen Hayes Theatre . When that venue was torn down in 1982 , the nearby Little Theatre was renamed in her honor . Helen Hayes is regarded as one of the Greatest Leading Ladies of the 20th century theatre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6620828ce45de69990112f3dcfe31176", "text": "Critics' Circle Award for Distinguished Service to the Arts Each year since 1988 The Critics ' Circle has presented an award for Distinguished Service to the Arts , voted for by all members of the Circle , embracing Dance , Drama , Film , Music , Visual Arts and Architecture . This performing arts Award takes the form of an engraved crystal rose bowl , presented at a celebratory luncheon . The recipients were : 1988 Sir Peter Hall 1989 Dame Ninette de Valois 1990 Sir Michael Tippett 1991 Sir David Lean 1992 Sir John Mills 1993 Sir Peter Ustinov 1994 Sir John Drummond 1995 Sir Peter Wright 1996 Sir Richard Eyre 1997 Dame Judi Dench 1998 Sir Edward Downes 1999 Harold Pinter 2000 Dame Alicia Markova 2001 Paul Scofield 2002 Sir Alfred Brendel 2003 Sir Ian McKellen 2004 Mike Leigh 2005 Alan Bennett 2006 Dame Helen Mirren 2007 Sir Tom Stoppard 2008 Peter Brook 2009 Sir Alan Ayckbourn 2010 Ken Loach 2011 Stephen Sondheim 2013 Grayson Perry 2014 Sir Nicholas Hytner 2015 Dame Maggie Smith Category : Performing arts awards", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d8708b518c378978d93b14e689924da", "text": "Prime Suspect Prime Suspect is a British police procedural television drama series . It stars Helen Mirren as Jane Tennison , one of the first female Detective Chief Inspectors in Greater London 's Metropolitan Police Service , as she rises to rank of Detective Superintendent whilst confronting the institutionalised sexism that exists within her job .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "021e41c472bc90a5826767c1aa7e065f", "text": "Vivien Leigh Vivien Leigh ( born Vivian Mary Hartley , and also known as Lady Olivier after 1947 ; 5 November 19138 July 1967 ) was a British stage and film actress . She won two Academy Awards for Best Actress for her performances as Scarlett O'Hara in Gone with the Wind ( 1939 ) and Blanche DuBois in the film version of A Streetcar Named Desire ( 1951 ) , a role she had also played on stage in London 's West End in 1949 . She also won a Tony Award for her work in the Broadway musical version of Tovarich ( 1963 ) . After her drama school education , Leigh appeared in small roles in four films in 1935 and progressed to the role of heroine in Fire Over England ( 1937 ) . Lauded for her beauty , Leigh felt that her physical attributes sometimes prevented her from being taken seriously as an actress . Despite her fame as a screen actress , Leigh was primarily a stage performer . During her 30-year career , she played roles ranging from the heroines of Noël Coward and George Bernard Shaw comedies to classic Shakespearean characters such as Ophelia , Cleopatra , Juliet , and Lady Macbeth . Later in life , she performed as a character actress in a few films . At the time , the public strongly identified Leigh with her second husband Laurence Olivier , who was her spouse from 1940 to 1960 . Leigh and Olivier starred together in many stage productions , with Olivier often directing , and in three films . She earned a reputation for being difficult to work with , and for much of her adult life she suffered from bipolar disorder as well as recurrent bouts of chronic tuberculosis , which was first diagnosed in the mid-1940s and ultimately claimed her life at the age of 53 . Although her career had periods of inactivity , in 1999 the American Film Institute ranked Leigh as the 16th greatest female movie star of classic Hollywood cinema .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6b0775bc64334f7dfb0e37ec35c3ec12", "text": "Blood Brothers (musical) Blood Brothers is a musical with book , lyrics , and music by Willy Russell . The story is a contemporary nature versus nurture plot , revolving around fraternal twins Mickey and Eddie , who were separated at birth and one raised in a wealthy family while the other raised in a poor family . The twins ' different backgrounds take them to opposite ends of the social spectrum , one becoming a councillor and the other unemployed and in prison . They both fall in love with the same girl , causing a tear in their friendship and leading to the tragic death of both brothers . Russell says that his work was based on a one-act play that he read as a child `` about two babies switched at birth ... it became the seed for Blood Brothers . '' Originally developed as a school play , Blood Brothers debuted in Liverpool before Russell transferred it to West End for a short run in 1983 . The musical won the Laurence Olivier Award for Best New Musical and went on to a year-long national tour before returning for a revival in the West End in 1988 where it stayed at the Albery Theatre for 3 years , transferring to the Phoenix Theatre in 1991 . The revival ran for more than 24 years in the West End , and played more than 10,000 performances , becoming the third longest-running musical production in West End history . It finally closed in November 2012 . The musical has been produced with success on tour , on Broadway and elsewhere , and it has developed a cult following .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a8b740b20305355946bac11683ae022", "text": "Theatre Guild The Theatre Guild is a theatrical society founded in New York City in 1918 by Lawrence Langner , Philip Moeller , Helen Westley and Theresa Helburn . Langner 's wife , Armina Marshall , then served as a co-director . It evolved out of the work of the Washington Square Players . Its original purpose was to produce non-commercial works by American and foreign playwrights . It differed from other theaters at the time in that its board of directors shared the responsibility of choosing plays , management , and production . The Theatre Guild contributed greatly to the success of Broadway from the 1920s throughout the 1970s . The Guild has produced a total of 228 plays on Broadway , including 18 by George Bernard Shaw and seven by Eugene O'Neill . Other major playwrights introduced to theatre-going Americans include Robert E. Sherwood , Maxwell Anderson , Sidney Howard , William Saroyan , and Philip Barry . In the field of musical theatre , the Guild has promoted works by Richard Rodgers , teamed with both Lorenz Hart and Oscar Hammerstein II , George and Ira Gershwin , Jule Styne , and Meredith Willson , all of which have become classics . Under President John F. Kennedy , the Guild was engaged to assemble a U.S. theatre company , headed by Helen Hayes , to tour the capitals of Europe and South America with works by Tennessee Williams , Thornton Wilder , and William Gibson . In 1968 , the Guild became involved in the travel field by taking 25 of its subscribers to European capitals to see plays . In 1975 , it instituted its Theatre At Sea program with a 17-day cruise aboard the Rotterdam with Hayes and Cyril Ritchard . Since then they have hosted more than thirty cruises , each with seven or eight performers . Among them have been Alan Arkin , Zoe Caldwell , Anne Jackson , Cherry Jones , Richard Kiley , Eartha Kitt , Patricia Neal , Lynn Redgrave , Gena Rowlands , Jean Stapleton , Eli Wallach , and Lee Roy Reams , who served as the program 's resident director . The last Broadway play produced by The Theatre Guild was State Fair in 1996 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "291527c3a5f1c9dbd467d67c957d0602", "text": "Theatre of Australia Theatre of Australia refers to the history of the performing arts in Australia , or produced by Australians . There are theatrical and dramatic aspects to a number of Indigenous Australian ceremonies such as the corroboree . During its colonial period , Australian theatrical arts were generally linked to the broader traditions of English literature and to British and Irish theatre . Australian literature and theatrical artists ( including Aboriginal as well as Anglo-Celtic and multicultural migrant Australians ) have over the last two centuries introduced the culture of Australia and the character of a new continent to the world stage . Individuals who have contributed to theatre in Australia and internationally include Sir Robert Helpmann , Dame Joan Sutherland , Barry Humphries , David Williamson , Cate Blanchett , Geoffrey Rush , Judy Davis , Jim Sharman , Tim Minchin and Baz Luhrmann . Notable theatrical institutions include the Sydney Opera House , and the National Institute of Dramatic Art in Sydney .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "33df8cdbcd549d4a5e96a40a8cd8d3c5", "text": "Theatre World Theatre World is the only ( first published in 1945 ) , comprehensive , annual pictorial and statistical record of American theatre in print publication , including Broadway , Off-Broadway , Off-Off-Broadway , and regional theatre , as well as a complete national theatrical awards section and obituaries . Including over 750 photographs , it is the definitive pictorial and statistical reference to each American theatrical season , and is referenced daily by industry professionals , students , historians , and theatre fans worldwide . Until 1998 , the Theatre World editorial staff administered the Theatre World Awards for Outstanding Broadway and off-Broadway debuts . First under the supervision of Theatre World founder Daniel Blum and then under John Willis , who took over the production of the Awards following Blum 's death in 1964 , the Theatre World Awards were first given to those recipients considered `` Promising Personalities . '' In 1998 , the Theatre World Awards were incorporated as a 501 ( c ) 3 nonprofit organization and are currently overseen by a board of directors independent of `` Theatre World . '' Theatre World is the recipient of a 2001 Tony Honor for Excellence in Theatre , presented by the American Theatre Wing , and on behalf of the publication , longtime editor-in-chief John Willis ( 1916-2010 ) accepted honors including the first Special Lucille Lortel Award , a Special Drama Desk Award , and the Broadway Theatre Institute ( now The Theatre Museum ) Lifetime Achievement Award . Theatre World is published annually by Theatre World Media and distributed by Applause Theatre and Cinema Books . The permanent editorial staff currently consists of Ben Hodges , editor in chief , and coeditor Scott Denny . Current editorial staff includes Adam Feldman of Time Out New York ( Broadway ) , Linda Buchwald TDF Stages ( Off-Broadway ) , Shay Gines New York Innovative Theatre Awards ( Off-Off-Broadway ) , and Diep Tran American Theatre Magazine ( Regional theatre ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa020ec833f5ebc1bc0d581c49151cf5", "text": "Of Thee I Sing Of Thee I Sing is a musical with a score by George Gershwin , lyrics by Ira Gershwin and a book by George S. Kaufman and Morrie Ryskind . The musical lampoons American politics ; the story concerns John P. Wintergreen , who runs for President of the United States on the `` love '' platform . When he falls in love with the sensible Mary Turner instead of Diana Devereaux , the beautiful pageant winner selected for him , he gets into political hot water . The original Broadway production , directed by Kaufman , opened in 1931 and ran for 441 performances , gaining critical and box office success . It has been revived twice on Broadway and in concert stagings in the U.S. and in London . In 1932 , Of Thee I Sing was the first musical to win the Pulitzer Prize for Drama .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2178a9472189e3ccae97d62607be9b42", "text": "Anything Goes Anything Goes is a musical with music and lyrics by Cole Porter . The original book was a collaborative effort by Guy Bolton and P.G. Wodehouse , heavily revised by the team of Howard Lindsay and Russel Crouse . The story concerns madcap antics aboard an ocean liner bound from New York to London . Billy Crocker is a stowaway in love with heiress Hope Harcourt , who is engaged to Lord Evelyn Oakleigh . Nightclub singer Reno Sweeney and Public Enemy # 13 Moonface Martin aid Billy in his quest to win Hope . The musical introduced such songs as `` Anything Goes '' , `` You 're the Top '' , and `` I Get a Kick Out of You . '' Since its 1934 debut at the Alvin Theatre ( now known as the Neil Simon Theatre ) on Broadway , the musical has been revived several times in the United States and Britain and has been filmed twice . The musical has long been a popular choice for school and community productions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2227ab834f2434a56ea7f9dd5140e677", "text": "Laurence Olivier Award for Best New Musical The Laurence Olivier Award for Best New Musical is an annual award presented by The Society of London Theatre in recognition of achievements in commercial British theatre . The awards were established as the Society of West End Theatre Awards in 1976 , and , renamed in 1984 in honour of English actor Lord Olivier .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2ea203ee49603537eda00c8ef1f85ba3", "text": "Child actor The term child actor or child actress is generally applied to a child acting on stage or in motion pictures or television , but also to an adult who began his or her acting career as a child ; to avoid confusion , the latter is also called a former child actor . Closely associated is teenage actor or teen actor , an actor who reached popularity as a teenager . Many child actors find themselves struggling to adapt as they become adults . Lindsay Lohan and Macaulay Culkin are two particular famous child actors who eventually experienced much difficulty with the fame they acquired at a young age ; Lohan 's career resumed after an interruption of several years . Many child actors also become successful adult actors as well , an example being Mickey Rooney 's career that included both the popular 1935 film A Midsummer Night 's Dream and the popular 2011 film The Muppets .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "696176d03752a3544d91a4edaa68cb3c", "text": "Golda's Balcony Golda 's Balcony is a play by William Gibson . It follows the trajectory of the life of Golda Meir from Russian immigrant to American schoolteacher to a leader of international politics as the fourth Prime Minister of Israel . Much of its focus is on the period surrounding the 1973 Yom Kippur War , when Israel was attacked by Egypt and Syria . Gibson 's drama suggests Meir threatened Richard Nixon and Henry Kissinger with the launch of nuclear weapons against her enemies , conceivably starting World War III , unless the U.S. came to her country 's aid . Gibson first explored Meir in 1977 in his multi-character work Golda , which was produced on Broadway with Anne Bancroft in the title role . Never fully satisfied with the piece , he decided to tackle the subject matter , this time in the form of a one-woman play . Golda 's Balcony , produced by David Fishelson , opened Off-Broadway at Manhattan Ensemble Theatre ( `` MET '' ) on March 26 , 2003 , where it sold out its entire 16-week run . Three months after closing Off-Broadway , the MET production , also starring Tovah Feldshuh and produced by Fishelson ( directed by Scott Schwartz ) , opened on October 15 , 2003 at the Helen Hayes Theatre , where it ran for 14 previews and 493 performances , making it the longest-running one-woman show in Broadway history . Feldshuh was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play and won the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Solo Performance . In 2006 the play was adapted into a film of the same title , starring Valerie Harper . The term `` Golda 's Balcony '' refers to the nickname given to an area inside the secretive Dimona nuclear weapons facility from which visiting VIPs can observe some of the activity taking place in the underground portion of the facility .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f717211de4422a60e237f65be0f50b1d", "text": "Fanny's First Play Fanny 's First Play is a 1911 play by George Bernard Shaw . It was first performed as an anonymous piece , the authorship of which was to be kept secret . However , critics soon recognised it as the work of Shaw . It opened at the Little Theatre in the Adelphi in London on 19 April 1911 and ran for 622 performances . The mystery over the authorship helped to publicise it . It had the longest run of any of Shaw 's plays . A second production opened on Broadway on September 16 , 1912 for 256 performances . The play toured the provinces in England in the same year . It features a play within a play . The framing play is a satire of theatre critics , whose characters were based upon Shaw 's own detractors , in some cases being caricatures of real critics of the day . The main play is a pastiche of the drawing room comedies in vogue at the time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "04c06f49302a6dee09c7f5324a366b6b", "text": "ITV Sunday Night Theatre ITV Sunday Night Theatre , originally titled ITV Saturday Night Theatre , is a UK television anthology series screened on ITV , and produced by London Weekend Television ( LWT ) . Some episodes were produced with Kestrel Productions . Around 200 episodes aired on ITV from 1969-1974 , including productions of the plays Long Day 's Journey into Night by Eugene O'Neill , A Doll 's House by Henrik Ibsen , and Arms and the Man by George Bernard Shaw . Other episodes included adaptions of the works of William Shakespeare , James Joyce , Wilkie Collins , Simon Gray , Sam Shepard , Israel Horovitz , Arthur Miller , August Strindberg , J.B. Priestley , Lanford Wilson , and John Mortimer . Among its directors were Michael Lindsay-Hogg , Anthony Page , Mike Newell , Fielder Cook , Ted Kotcheff , Peter Wood , and Vivian Matalon . The actors involved included Helen Mirren , Laurence Olivier , Sean Connery , Anthony Hopkins , Michael Caine , Paul Scofield , George C. Scott , Laurence Harvey , Ralph Richardson , Diana Rigg , Trevor Howard , Glenda Jackson , Diane Cilento , Alec Guinness , Jane Asher , Martin Sheen , Colleen Dewhurst , Jean Marsh , Shelley Winters , Ian Holm , Richard Chamberlain , Edith Evans , John Gielgud , Shirley Knight , Ian McKellen , George Sanders and Margaret Whiting .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "246d6650165524edfd0b799dfd4312af", "text": "York Theatre York Theatre is an Off-Broadway theatre company base in East Midtown Manhattan , New York City . In its 48th year , York Theatre is dedicated to the production of new musicals and concert productions of forgotten musicals from the past . Each season consists of three or four mainstage productions , six or more concert presentations and dozens of developmental readings . It has had several transfers of its work to larger off-Broadway theatres and to Broadway . The company was awarded a special Drama Desk Award in 1996 to its artistic director Janet Hayes Walker and in 2006 for its `` vital contributions to theater by developing and presenting new musicals '' . Since 1993 the company has performed in an intimate theatre that is part of St. Peter 's Church , in the Citigroup Center Complex at 619 Lexington Avenue at the corner of East 54th Street . The Oscar Hammerstein Award is named in honor of the legendary lyricist and librettist who helped shape American musical theatre through his collaborations with a number of different composers and writers . The award was created in 1988 by Janet Hayes Walker , the Founding Artistic Director of The York Theatre Company , and is presented with the endorsement of the Rodgers & Hammerstein Organization and the Hammerstein family . The Oscar Hammerstein Award Gala is the major annual fundraising event of The York , a mainstay of the Off-Broadway scene for more than 45 years . Past recipients include Stephen Sondheim , Betty Comden & Adolph Green , Harold Prince , Cy Coleman , Charles Strouse , Arthur Laurents , Jerry Herman , Stephen Schwartz , Peter Stone , David Merrick , John Kander & Fred Ebb , Terrence McNally , Sir Cameron Mackintosh , Carol Channing , Tony Walton , Joseph Stein , Thomas Meehan , Jerry Bock and Sheldon Harnick , Barbara Cook , Paul Gemignani , Lynn Ahrens & Stephen Flaherty . In November , 2015 , the 24th Oscar Hammerstein Award was presented to Angela Lansbury in a star-studded tribute evening .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "87344d0c18a98eb692a1dc15f57b74fc", "text": "Royal Shakespeare Company The Royal Shakespeare Company ( RSC ) is a major British theatre company , based in Stratford-upon-Avon , Warwickshire , England . The company employs over 1000 staff and produces around 20 productions a year . The RSC plays regularly in London , Newcastle upon Tyne and on tour across the UK and internationally . The company 's home is in Stratford-upon-Avon , where it has recently redeveloped its Royal Shakespeare and Swan theatres as part of a # 112.8-million `` Transformation '' project . The theatres re-opened in November 2010 , having closed in 2007 . The new buildings attracted 18,000 visitors within the first week and received a positive media response both upon opening , and following the first full Shakespeare performances . Performances in Stratford-upon-Avon continued throughout the Transformation project at the temporary Courtyard Theatre . As well as the plays of Shakespeare and his contemporaries , the RSC produces new work from living artists and develops creative links with theatre-makers from around the world , as well as working with teachers to inspire a lifelong love of William Shakespeare in young people and running events for everyone to explore and participate in its work . The RSC celebrated its fiftieth birthday season from April -- December 2011 , with two companies of actors presenting the first productions designed specifically for the new Royal Shakespeare and Swan Theatre stages . The 2011-season began with performances of Macbeth and a re-imagined lost play The History of Cardenio . The fiftieth birthday season also featured The Merchant of Venice with Sir Patrick Stewart and revivals of some of the RSC 's greatest plays , including a new staging of Marat/Sade . For the London 2012 Festival as part of the Cultural Olympiad , the RSC produced the World Shakespeare Festival , featuring artists from across the world performing in venues around the UK . In 2013 the company began live screenings of its Shakespeare productions -- called Live from Stratford-upon-Avon -- which are screened around the world . In 2016 , the company collaborated with Intel and The Imaginarium Studios to stage The Tempest , bringing performance capture to the Royal Shakespeare Theatre for the very first time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5f9cfaea39801127398662f417e11b99", "text": "Isabel's a Jezebel Isabel 's a Jezebel is a British musical with music by Galt MacDermot and book and lyrics by William Dumaresq , based loosely on one of the Grimm 's Fairy Tales , centers around Isabel and her deep-sea lover , who spend their time copulating and arguing about bringing children into a world committed to death . After out-of-town tryouts , the musical premiered on 15 December 1970 on the West End at the Duchess Theatre , running for only 61 performances . The cast included Frank Aiello , Sharon Campbell , Helen Chappelle , Peter Farrell , Carole Hayman , Michele Mowbray , Maria Popkiewitz , Miguel Sergides , Howard Wakeling . The production was co-directed by Michael Wearing and Julie Arenal , who also choreographed . After his spectacular success with the musical Hair , expectations for MacDermot 's next work , Isabel 's a Jezebel , were high . The musical underwent several last minute cast changes , including Hayman 's joining the show just before opening night . The New York Times praised the score but called the book `` irretrievably inert . '' A cast album was released in 1972 ( Item 377673 ) Kilmarnock .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d4188aef0eb03af23ddfa8a578c5481", "text": "The West Side Waltz The West Side Waltz is a play by Ernest Thompson . The play focuses on Margaret Mary Elderdice , an aging , widowed pianist living in a dreary Upper West Side apartment , and her relationships with a prim , virginal violinist neighbor and the young companion who moves in for an extended stay . Thompson was prompted to write the piece when screenwriter George Seaton offered him a grant to write a new play following the success of his previous work , On Golden Pond . The play originally was presented off-Broadway in 1978 . After three previews , the Broadway production , directed by Noel William , opened on November 19 , 1981 , at the Ethel Barrymore Theatre . Despite the presence of screen legend Katharine Hepburn , supported by Dorothy Loudon , Regina Baff , and David Margulies , it ran for only 126 performances . Hepburn was nominated for a Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play , but lost to Zoe Caldwell ( Medea ) . Thompson wrote the teleplay for and directed a CBS production that originally aired on Thanksgiving night in 1995 . The cast included Shirley MacLaine , Liza Minnelli , Kathy Bates , Jennifer Grey , Estelle Harris , and Robert Pastorelli .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5f552d1abd43dab1ae24828341f90310", "text": "Astor Theatre The Astor Theatre was located at 1537 Broadway , at West 45th Street in Times Square in New York City . It opened September 21 , 1906 with Shakespeare 's A Midsummer Night 's Dream and continued to operate as a Broadway theatre until 1925 . From 1925 until it closed in 1972 it was a first-run movie theater . The theater was designed by architect George W. Keister . It was demolished in 1982 to make way for the Marriott Marquis Hotel . The Astor was first managed by Lincoln A. Wagenhals and Collin Kemper , then by George M. Cohan and Sam Harris , and later by the Shubert Organization . Among the plays that debuted at the Astor were Cohan 's Seven Keys to Baldpate ( 1913 ) and Why Marry ? ( 1917 ) by Jesse Lynch Williams , the first winner of the Pulitzer Prize for Drama . In 1925 Loew 's Theatres bought the Astor and converted it into a movie house in order to have a Times Square `` road show '' showcase for first-run films from the MGM film studio . The Big Parade ( 1925 ) was the first film shown at the Astor where it ran for a continuous 96-week engagement . Other films to make their Times Square debuts at the Astor include The Broadway Melody ( 1929 ) , Grand Hotel ( 1932 ) , The Great Ziegfeld ( 1936 ) and Gone With the Wind ( 1939 ) for MGM ; and Alfred Hitchcock 's Spellbound ( 1945 ) and The Beatles in A Hard Day 's Night '' ( 1964 ) for United Artists .", "title": "" } ]	fever
4b0dcf41968d4fcd6a617eee3ddd5b8d	Three Days of the Condor stars Robert Redford.	[ { "docid": "f1f25b6407402ba44fcce838601a1c4c", "text": "Three Days of the Condor Three Days of the Condor ( stylized on the poster art as 3 Days of the Condor ) is a 1975 American political thriller film directed by Sydney Pollack and starring Robert Redford , Faye Dunaway , Cliff Robertson , and Max von Sydow . The screenplay by Lorenzo Semple Jr. and David Rayfiel was adapted from the 1974 novel Six Days of the Condor by James Grady . The main point of variance from novel to film lies in the presentation of the CIA . In Grady 's book , a rogue element within the Agency is motivated by drug-running greed . In the film , the same individuals act with equal ruthlessness to hide a project intended to protect long-term national interests . Set mainly in New York City and Washington , D.C. , the film is about a bookish CIA researcher who comes back from lunch , discovers all his co-workers shot dead , and tries to outwit those responsible until he figures out whom he can really trust . The film was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Film Editing . Semple and Rayfiel received an Edgar Award from the Mystery Writers of America for Best Motion Picture Screenplay .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "55565d9f847efe0052449b1ce55077f7", "text": "Three Days (TV series) Three Days is a 2014 South Korean action-thriller television series starring Park Yoochun , Son Hyun-joo , Park Ha-sun , Yoon Je-moon , So Yi-hyun , Jang Hyun-sung and Choi Won-young . It aired on SBS from March 5 to May 1 , 2014 on Wednesdays and Thursdays at 9:55 p.m. for 16 episodes . Inspired by the `` real time '' format of American series 24 , the narrative of Three Days is divided into three parts ; Part 1 : The Prelude , Part 2 : The Showdown , and Part 3 : Judgement , with each segment lasting for 72 hours .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e0f0572d439a08b8fc99ab66ec0eb432", "text": "Jess Osuna Jess Osuna ( May 28 , 1928 -- April 2 , 2011 ) was an American character actor whose credits included Three Days of the Condor and My Old Man . Jess Osuna was a terrific actor and an energetic fellow . He rode his bicycle to appointments , classes and performances all over the city well into his 80s . He had a successful film , television and stage career , including the films : A New Leaf , Three Days of the Condor , All the President 's Men , Taps and Kramer Vs. Kramer , television shows included : Columbo , Kojak , NYPD and Hawk . He had extensive theatre credits as well , his Broadway credits include : Happy Birthday Wanda June , Edison Theatre , 1970-1971 , An Almost Perfect Person , The Belasco Theatre , 1977-1978 , and The Goodbye People by Herb Gardner , at The Ethel Barrymore Theatre , 1968 . He was first a student , then an instructor and performer at HB Studios in Greenwich Village , New York City . He studied with both Herbert Berghoff and Uta Hagen and eventually taught his own classes . For the last 7 years or so of his life he studied with Austin Pendleton , at HB , and performed with the HB Ensemble . Perhaps his favorite role was the title role in Hamlet which he played with the HB Ensemble . He is missed by his friends and fellow actors . Osuna died at his home in Greenwich Village , Manhattan , on April 2 , 2011 , at the age of 82 . He was predeceased by his beloved wife , Mary Anne . He is survived by his daughter Tracy and his grandson , Sean , as well as many nieces and nephews . Osuna was buried at Calvary Cemetery in Woodside , Queens .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e9ac9522608f5a0ebe532c31de304ab", "text": "Eagle Pennell Eagle Pennell ( 28 July 1952 - 20 July 2002 ) was an American independent filmmaker . His film The Whole Shootin ' Match ( 1978 ) is often credited with inspiring Robert Redford to start the Sundance Institute . Born Glenn Irwin Pinnell in Andrews , Texas , Pennell grew up in Lubbock and College Station . He became interested in film as a teenager and would use his father 's Super 8 camera to shoot skits starring his brother and sisters . He graduated from A&M Consolidated High School . Pennell then attended the University of Texas at Austin majoring in Radio-Television-Film but dropped out in 1973 during his junior year to do film work . He changed his name while in his early twenties . His first name is supposedly based on the story that Pennell was once told his large nose looked like the beak of an eagle . His last name comes from 2nd Lt. Ross Pennell , a character from John Ford 's She Wore a Yellow Ribbon ( 1949 ) . Ford was one of his father 's favorite directors . Pennell 's first film was a short documentary titled Rodeo Cowboys . He co-organized Austin 's first film festival in April 1975 . He made his first narrative short film , A Hell of a Note , in 1977 . This short inspired his most notable film The Whole Shootin ' Match . In the early 1980s , Pennell moved to Houston , where he produced and directed his second feature film Last Night at the Alamo ( 1984 ) . Pennell 's last feature film , `` Doc 's Full Service '' , had its World Première at the SXSW Film Festival in 1994 . Pennell struggled with alcoholism and drug addiction for much of his adult life . For years before his death , he was intermittently homeless and often borrowed or begged for money . Pennell died in Houston and is buried in College Station .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bccd84e3ff87bcac766db1361929cc7f", "text": "Three Faces West Three Faces West is a 1940 American drama film directed by Bernard Vorhaus and starring John Wayne , Sigrid Gurie and Charles Coburn .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1f3df0e0fdc527c8abbc6daa9e50f6ad", "text": "Three (2006 film) Three ( sometimes stylized Thr3e ) is a 2006 film adaptation of the novel of the same name by Ted Dekker . It was directed by Robby Henson . It grossed $ 1.4 million and has a 5 % approval rating at Rotten Tomatoes , which called it a `` thrill-free thriller '' in its critical consensus .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "49358cc578a10773be8886fd2c0ef48e", "text": "Tiny Sandford Stanley J. `` Tiny '' Sandford ( February 26 , 1894October 29 , 1961 ) was a tall , burly actor who is best remembered for his roles in Laurel and Hardy and Charlie Chaplin films . He was usually cast as a comic heavy , and often played policemen , doormen , prizefighters , or bullies . Sandford was born in Osage , Iowa . After working in stock theater he began acting in movies around 1910 . He appeared in The Gold Rush with Charlie Chaplin . Other Chaplin films that he appeared in include The Circus ( 1928 ) and Modern Times ( 1936 ) , where he plays `` Big Bill '' . His films with Laurel and Hardy include Big Business ( 1929 ) , Double Whoopee ( 1929 ) , The Chimp ( 1932 ) , and Our Relations ( 1936 ) . He appeared in The Warrior 's Husband as a clumsy and cowardly Hercules . Sandford also acted in Way Out West , but his sequence was cut from the final take . He also appeared in dramas such as The World 's Champion ( 1922 ) and The Iron Mask ( 1929 ) . He retired from acting in 1940 , the year he had a very small role in Charlie Chaplin 's The Great Dictator . He died in Los Angeles , California on October 29 , 1961 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f1a6718025ad55ffc029fb444a7c55b4", "text": "Steve Guttenberg Steven Robert `` Steve '' Guttenberg ( born August 24 , 1958 ) is an American actor , author , businessman , producer , and director . He starred in 1984 's Police Academy , and went on to perform in lead roles in Hollywood films of the 1980s , including Cocoon , Three Men and a Baby , and Short Circuit .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a7129424f8b8f86c4ce8bdf9ce10973", "text": "Red Bird (web series) Red Bird is an American Western web series . Created by Misti Boland and Jeremy Osbern , the series stars Alexandra Goodman , Ian Stark , Armin Shimerman , Kitty Swink , Mike McShane , and John Prosky . The series of eight three to five minute episodes premiered on YouTube and the show 's website in March 2016 . Tubefilter , in their Indie Spotlight , described the series as `` a female revenge tale featuring Kitty Mae , who is seeking to get even with the gunman who killed her only son in cold blood . '' The Daily Dot issued a positive review of the series , noting that from `` costumes to locations to an original soundtrack that has presence and bite , it looks and sounds just as you 'd imagine the creators -- husband and wife Jeremy Osbern and Misti Boland -- desired it . '' But the reviewer also longed for more time with each episode , stating that episodes `` are centered around single set pieces or scenes that although well-scripted and shot , are short , mostly coming in at around three minutes . '' Red Bird was shot on location and on sets in Colorado and Kansas and incorporated real horses , authentic old west set pieces , and practical gunshot and blood effects .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "94ded29f9d269a47fe61b513697e62be", "text": "Robert Russell (English actor) Robert Russell ( 24 May 1936 -- 12 May 2008 ) was an English actor known for a memorable supporting role as John Stearne alongside Vincent Price in the classic British horror film Witchfinder General ( 1968 ) . He was born in Kent , England . His family emigrated to South Africa for 9 years when he was aged 11 . He worked in a gold mine after leaving school . He returned to England and trained as an actor at the Webber Douglas Academy of Dramatic Art . He then appeared on stage with stars such as Laurence Olivier and Michael Gambon , as a member of the National Theatre touring company . He made numerous appearances on UK television , often playing tough characters and villains due to his imposing stature , including The Avengers , The Sweeney , Space : 1999 , Blake 's 7 and Doctor Who , playing a guard in the serial entitled The Power of the Daleks and a Highland Games Champion , The Caber , in Terror of the Zygons . Some of his other film appearances included Othello ( 1965 ) , The Whisperers ( 1967 ) , Bedazzled ( 1967 ) with Peter Cook and Dudley Moore , Inspector Clouseau ( 1968 ) , The Breaking of Bumbo ( 1970 ) , Man in the Wilderness ( 1971 ) with Richard Harris , Sitting Target ( 1972 ) , Double Exposure ( 1977 ) , Queen of the Blues ( 1979 ) starring Mary Millington , Ivanhoe ( 1982 ) , Oliver Twist ( 1982 ) , and the TV film of The Sign of Four ( 1983 ) . He lived for the last 14 years of his life in Maidenhead , Berkshire and died there of a heart attack at his home aged 71 . * Note : This is from a Public Member Trees search on Ancestry , where the date of death is oddly given as 18 May 2008 ( see discussion ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1b8edbcb5349b9579c3f63eb110af68a", "text": "Three Days to Vegas Three Days to Vegas is a 2007 American comedy film , directed by Charlie Picerni and starring Peter Falk , Rip Torn , George Segal , Billy Burke and Bill Cobbs . The story follows four elderly male retirees who take a road trip to Las Vegas to stop the impending marriage of one of their daughters , played by Nancy Young . Cobbs replaced iconic actor Ossie Davis in the cast after Davis died during production . The film features various actors in supporting roles , including Chris Diamantopoulos , Reginald VelJohnson , and Taylor Negron .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "66481268c10e403d0b169816f8290146", "text": "Coleman Francis Coleman C. Francis ( January 24 , 1919 -- January 15 , 1973 ) was an American actor , writer , producer , and director . He was best known for his film trilogy consisting of The Beast of Yucca Flats ( 1961 ) , The Skydivers ( 1963 ) , Red Zone Cuba ( 1966 ) , all three of which were filmed in the general Santa Clarita , California area and used preoccupation with light aircraft and parachuting , coffee or cigarettes serving as a prop or a center of conversation , and a vigilante-style gunning down of suspects without a trial to conclude the film as frequent motifs . All three films have gained notoriety as a result of their appearances on Mystery Science Theater 3000 , and have been often criticized for their abysmal production values , repetitive plot devices , murky picture quality , and stilted acting . Some critics have characterized Francis ' films among the all-time worst , even suggesting that he may surpass Ed Wood in terms of ineptitude .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "03f2b308d0d171a0efe5bc90b5446344", "text": "Robert Duvall Robert Selden Duvall ( -LSB- duːˈvɔːl -RSB- born January 5 , 1931 ) is an American actor and filmmaker . He has been nominated for seven Academy Awards ( winning for his performance in Tender Mercies ) , seven Golden Globes ( winning four ) , and has multiple nominations and one win each of the BAFTA , Screen Actors Guild Award , and Emmy Award . He received the National Medal of Arts in 2005 . Duvall has starred in numerous films and television series , including To Kill a Mockingbird ( 1962 ) , The Twilight Zone ( 1963 ) , The Outer Limits ( 1964 ) , Bullitt ( 1968 ) , True Grit ( 1969 ) , MASH ( 1970 ) , THX 1138 ( 1971 ) , Joe Kidd ( 1972 ) , The Godfather ( 1972 ) , The Godfather Part II ( 1974 ) , The Conversation ( 1974 ) , Network ( 1976 ) , Apocalypse Now ( 1979 ) , The Great Santini ( 1979 ) , Lonesome Dove ( 1989 ) , The Handmaid 's Tale ( 1990 ) , Rambling Rose ( 1991 ) , and Falling Down ( 1993 ) . Duvall began appearing in theatre during the late 1950s , moving into television and film roles during the early 1960s , playing Boo Radley in To Kill a Mockingbird ( 1962 ) and appearing in Captain Newman , M.D. ( 1963 ) . He landed many of his most famous roles during the early 1970s , such as Major Frank Burns in the blockbuster comedy MASH ( 1970 ) and the lead role in THX 1138 ( 1971 ) , as well as Horton Foote 's adaptation of William Faulkner 's Tomorrow ( 1972 ) , which was developed at The Actors Studio and is Duvall 's personal favorite . This was followed by a series of critically lauded performances in commercially successful films . Since then , Duvall has continued to act in both film and television with such productions as Tender Mercies ( 1983 ) , The Natural ( 1984 ) , Colors ( 1988 ) , the television mini-series Lonesome Dove ( 1989 ) , Stalin ( 1992 ) , The Man Who Captured Eichmann ( 1996 ) , A Family Thing ( 1996 ) , The Apostle ( 1997 ) , A Civil Action ( 1998 ) , Deep Impact ( 1998 ) , Gods and Generals ( 2003 ) , Secondhand Lions ( 2003 ) , Broken Trail ( 2006 ) , Get Low ( 2010 ) , Jack Reacher ( 2012 ) , and The Judge ( 2014 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "53b4cc5deca0f47680ea33969b783dc2", "text": "127 Hours 127 Hours is a 2010 British-American biographical survival drama film directed , co-written , and produced by Danny Boyle . The film stars James Franco as Aron Ralston . In 127 Hours , canyoneer Aron Ralston becomes trapped by a boulder in an isolated slot canyon in Blue John Canyon , southeastern Utah , in April 2003 . It is a British and American venture produced by Everest Entertainment , Film4 Productions , HandMade Films and Cloud Eight Films . The film , based on Ralston 's memoir Between a Rock and a Hard Place ( 2004 ) , was written by Boyle and Simon Beaufoy , produced by Christian Colson and John Smithson , and scored by A. R. Rahman . Beaufoy , Colson , and Rahman had all previously worked with Boyle on Slumdog Millionaire ( 2008 ) . 127 Hours was well received by critics and audiences , and was nominated for six Academy Awards , including Best Actor for Franco and Best Picture .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3c6862e99c71aeac35ab06d89d157fd7", "text": "And Baby Makes Three And Baby Makes Three is a 1949 American romantic comedy directed by Henry Levin and starring Robert Young , Barbara Hale , and Robert Hutton .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18e6df685121c068bdc0f59208ee46bc", "text": "The Three Musketeers (1921 film) The Three Musketeers is a 1921 American silent film based on the novel The Three Musketeers by Alexandre Dumas , père . It was directed by Fred Niblo and stars Douglas Fairbanks as d'Artagnan . The film originally had scenes filmed in the Handschiegl Color Process ( billed as the `` Wyckoff-DeMille Process '' ) . The film had a sequel , The Iron Mask ( 1929 ) , also starring Fairbanks as d'Artagnan and DeBrulier as Cardinal Richelieu .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f60f01c5499ee87e1e7fa59cc05c6302", "text": "Redford (surname) Redford is a variant of the toponymic surname `` Radford '' , though it may also arise directly from the placename `` East Retford '' in Nottingham , England which had an alternative spelling of `` Redeford '' . Notable people sharing this surname include : born in 16th Century John Redford ( died 1547 ) , English composer and organist born in 18th Century Sebastian Redford ( 1701 -- 1763 ) , English Jesuit born in 19th Century Alvin J. Redford ( 1883-1974 ) , American politician Harry Redford ( 1841 -- 1901 ) , also known as Captain Starlight , Australian stockman and cattle thief James Redford ( 1821 -- 1909 ) , Canadian businessman and political figure born in 20th Century Alison Redford ( born 1965 ) , Former Premier of Alberta , Canada Angus Redford ( born 1956 ) , Australian politician Blair Redford ( born 1983 ) , American actor Donald B. Redford ( born 1934 ) , Canadian Egyptologist Emmette Redford ( 1904 -- 1998 ) , American political scientist and historian Ian Redford ( actor ) ( born 1951 ) , British actor Ian Redford ( born 1960 ) , Scottish footballer Robert Redford ( born 1936 ) , American film director , actor , producer Spencer Redford ( born 1983 ) , American actress William Redford ( born 1958 ) , British corporate executive", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5f85f18fa7e8532e2cc48d20d6b6b2d2", "text": "List of The Rockford Files episodes The Rockford Files is an American television drama series starring James Garner that aired on the NBC network between September 13 , 1974 , and January 10 , 1980 , and has remained in syndication to the present day . Garner portrays Los Angeles-based private investigator Jim Rockford with Noah Beery , Jr. , in the supporting role of his father , a retired truck driver nicknamed `` Rocky '' . The series debuted with a made-for-TV movie simply titled The Rockford Files . During the series run , there were a number of two-part episodes , as well as long ( 90 or 120 minutes ) episodes that were split into two parts for syndication ( and on later DVD releases ) . Filming stopped in the middle of the sixth season ( 1979-1980 ) , on the advice of star James Garner 's doctor . Garner , who had filmed many of his own stunts , injured his back and knees . In the 1990s , Rockford returned to the air in a series of eight TV movies on CBS .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b817db0e00e057aca07ab7d8df8b56b2", "text": "List of awards and nominations received by Robert Redford The following is a list of awards and nominations received by American actor , director and producer Robert Redford . He was first nominated for an Academy Award in 1973 for his role as Johnny `` Kelly '' Hooker in The Sting . He then won Best Director in 1980 for Ordinary People . In 1994 , he was nominated twice for Best Picture and Best Director for Quiz Show . He has been nominated for seven Golden Globes , winning two for Inside Daisy Clover as New Star of the Year -- Actor ( 1965 ) , Ordinary People as Best Director ( 1980 ) , and won the Cecil B. DeMille Award in 1994 . He was awarded the Screen Actors Guild Life Achievement Award in 1995 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "361d8778010ed0126e0acdfd2d8f5496", "text": "The Electric Horseman The Electric Horseman is a 1979 American western adventure-romance film starring Robert Redford and Jane Fonda and directed by Sydney Pollack . The film is about a former rodeo champion who is hired by a cereal company to become its spokesperson , and then runs away on a $ 12 million electric-lit horse and costume he is given to promote it in Las Vegas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "40ba4ecaac43844eff1bcd5527906104", "text": "Sunset Boulevard (film) Sunset Boulevard ( stylized onscreen as SUNSET BLVD. ) is a 1950 American film noir directed and co-written by Billy Wilder , and produced and co-written by Charles Brackett . It was named after the boulevard that runs through Los Angeles and Beverly Hills , California . The film stars William Holden as Joe Gillis , an unsuccessful screenwriter , and Gloria Swanson as Norma Desmond , a faded silent film star who draws him into her fantasy world where she dreams of making a triumphant return to the screen , with Erich von Stroheim as Max Von Mayerling , her devoted servant . Nancy Olson , Fred Clark , Lloyd Gough and Jack Webb play supporting roles . Director Cecil B. DeMille and gossip columnist Hedda Hopper play themselves , and the film includes cameo appearances by leading silent film actors Buster Keaton , H. B. Warner and Anna Q. Nilsson . Praised by many critics when first released , Sunset Boulevard was nominated for eleven Academy Awards ( including nominations in all four acting categories ) and won three . Deemed `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' by the U.S. Library of Congress in 1989 , Sunset Boulevard was included in the first group of films selected for preservation in the National Film Registry . In 1998 , it was ranked number twelve on the American Film Institute 's list of the 100 best American films of the 20th century , and in 2007 , it was 16th on their 10th Anniversary list .", "title": "" } ]	fever
ad56cbc4bcb7d9e77d190d7ef28607c5	George Clooney is an American actor.	[ { "docid": "ac14fdf2217617fad38db0f02da0e0fe", "text": "George Clooney George Timothy Clooney ( born May 6 , 1961 ) is an American actor , filmmaker , activist and philanthropist . He has received three Golden Globe Awards for his work as an actor and two Academy Awards , one for acting in Syriana ( 2006 ) and the other for co-producing Argo ( 2012 ) . Clooney made his acting debut on television in 1978 , and later gained wide recognition in his role as Dr. Doug Ross on the long-running medical drama ER from 1994 to 1999 , for which he received two Primetime Emmy Award nominations . While working on ER , he began attracting a variety of leading roles in films , including the superhero film Batman & Robin ( 1997 ) and the crime comedy Out of Sight ( 1998 ) , in which he first worked with director Steven Soderbergh , who would become a long-time collaborator . In 1999 , he took the lead role in Three Kings , a well-received war satire set during the Gulf War . In 2001 , Clooney 's fame widened with the release of his biggest commercial success , the heist comedy remake Ocean 's Eleven , the first of what became a trilogy starring Clooney . He made his directorial debut a year later with the biographical spy comedy Confessions of a Dangerous Mind , and has since directed the historical drama Good Night , and Good Luck ( 2005 ) , the sports comedy Leatherheads ( 2008 ) , the political drama The Ides of March ( 2011 ) , and the war film The Monuments Men ( 2014 ) . Clooney won an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for the Middle East thriller Syriana ( 2005 ) , and subsequently earned Best Actor nominations for the legal thriller Michael Clayton ( 2007 ) and the comedy-dramas Up in the Air ( 2009 ) and The Descendants ( 2011 ) . In 2013 , he received the Academy Award for Best Picture for producing the political thriller Argo . He is the only person who has been nominated for Academy Awards in six different categories . In 2009 , Clooney was included in Time annual Time 100 as one of the `` Most Influential People in the World '' . He is also noted for his political and economic activism , and has served as one of the United Nations Messengers of Peace since January 31 , 2008 . His humanitarian work includes his advocacy of finding a resolution for the Darfur conflict , raising funds for the 2010 Haiti earthquake , Armenian Genocide recognition , 2004 tsunami , and 9/11 victims , and creating documentaries such as Sand and Sorrow to raise awareness about international crises . He is also a member of the Council on Foreign Relations .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "682202f77a3b3827f215a2b3ca9db5da", "text": "National Lampoon's Movie Madness National Lampoon 's Movie Madness is an American comedy film produced by National Lampoon as the second film from the magazine . The film was originally produced under the title National Lampoon Goes to the Movies ; completed in 1981 , the film was not released until 1983 , and was reedited and retitled as Movie Madness . Movie Madness consists of three short segments which satirize personal growth films , glossy soap operas , and police stories . The first two segments of the film , Growing Yourself and Success Wanters , were directed by Bob Giraldi , while the film 's final segment , Municipalians , was directed by Henry Jaglom . Its title song , `` Going to the Movies '' , was sung by Dr. John . The film was a critical failure .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "049a8a4675cbf07e952a1b7a6f125767", "text": "Huckleberry Fox George Fox , better known as Huckleberry Fox ( 1974 ) , is an American actor who performed in Terms of Endearment ( 1983 ) . and the Disney film The Blue Yonder ( 1985 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3a0f785dc9d060e4c07901ead9ff42ae", "text": "Lee Wallace (actor) Lee Wallace ( born July 15 , 1930 ) is an American actor of film , stage , and television .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a1d800f3a58ce0e26dc0d8caddded51", "text": "Goodfellas Goodfellas ( stylized as GoodFellas ) is a 1990 American crime film directed by Martin Scorsese . It is an adaptation of the 1986 non-fiction book Wiseguy by Nicholas Pileggi , who co-wrote the screenplay with Scorsese . The film narrates the rise and fall of mob associate Henry Hill and his friends over a period from 1955 to 1980 . Scorsese initially named the film Wise Guy and postponed making it ; later , he and Pileggi changed the name to Goodfellas . To prepare for their roles in the film , Robert De Niro , Joe Pesci , and Ray Liotta often spoke with Pileggi , who shared research material left over from writing the book . According to Pesci , improvisation and ad-libbing came out of rehearsals wherein Scorsese gave the actors freedom to do whatever they wanted . The director made transcripts of these sessions , took the lines he liked best , and put them into a revised script , which the cast worked from during principal photography . Made on a budget of $ 25 million , Goodfellas grossed $ 46.8 million . It received positive reviews from critics and was nominated for six Academy Awards , including Best Picture and Best Director , with Pesci winning Best Actor in a Supporting Role . The film won five awards from the British Academy of Film and Television Arts , including Best Film and Best Director . Additionally , Goodfellas was named the year 's best film by various critics ' groups . Goodfellas is widely regarded as one of the greatest films in the crime genre . In 2000 , it was deemed `` culturally , historically , and aesthetically significant '' and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry by the United States Library of Congress . Its content and style have been emulated in numerous other films and television shows .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "13391941c2be9faec97eedc0cc0ce7ca", "text": "George Washington (film) George Washington is a 2000 American drama film written and directed by David Gordon Green . Its story centers on a group of children in a depressed small town in North Carolina who band together to cover up a tragic mistake . Although it was not widely seen due to having had a very limited release , the film received wide praise from critics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fe66a055330215db0b2cbf5e270a9e6b", "text": "Film à clef A film à clef or film à clé ( -LSB- film ‿ a kle -RSB- , French for `` film with a key '' ) , is a film describing real life , behind a façade of fiction . `` Key '' in this context means a table one can use to swap out the names . It is the film equivalent of the literary roman à clef .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5df96c0814e26b36c1c686b0693dcb1b", "text": "26th Academy Awards The 26th Academy Awards honored the best in films of 1953 . The second national telecast of the Awards show drew an estimated 43 million viewers . Shirley Booth , appearing in a play in Philadelphia , presented the Best Actor award through a live broadcast cut-in , and privately received the winner 's name over the telephone from co-host Donald O'Connor . ( Actor Fredric March co-hosted from New York City . ) Gary Cooper filmed his presentation of the Best Actress award in advance on a set in Mexico , with O'Connor announcing the winner 's name . All the major winners in this year were black-and-white films . The big winner was Fred Zinnemann 's From Here to Eternity , with thirteen nominations and eight awards including Best Picture , Best Supporting Actor , Best Supporting Actress , Best Director , Best Screenplay ( Daniel Taradash ) , Best Cinematography ( Burnett Guffey ) , Best Sound , and Best Film Editing . All five of its major actors and actresses were nominated , with secondary players Donna Reed and Frank Sinatra taking home Oscars . The candid film was based on James Jones ' controversial , best-selling novel about Army life on a Hawaiian ( Oahu ) military base just prior to the Pearl Harbor attack and World War II , illustrating the conflict between an individualistic private ( Montgomery Clift ) and rigid institutional authority ( exemplified by the Army ) . Its achievement of eight awards matched the then record held by Gone with the Wind ( 1939 ) . The record would be tied again the following year by On the Waterfront ( 1954 ) . Walt Disney won four awards , which remains the record for the most Oscars won in the same year . William Holden 's speech for Best Actor for his role in Stalag 17 was simply `` Thank You '' , making it one of the shortest speeches ever ; the TV broadcast had a strict cutoff time which forced Holden 's quick remarks . The frustrated Holden personally paid for advertisements in the Hollywood trade publications to thank everyone he wanted to on Oscar night . He also remarked that he felt that either Burt Lancaster or Montgomery Clift should have won the Best Actor Oscar for From Here to Eternity , instead of him .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "80700e82ff7beefe396eedf1ad2f2566", "text": "Jason Alexander Jay Scott Greenspan ( born September 23 , 1959 ) , known by his stage name Jason Alexander , is an American actor , voice actor , comedian and director . Alexander is best known for his prominent role as George Costanza in the television series Seinfeld . Other well-known roles include Phillip Stuckey in the film Pretty Woman ( 1990 ) and the title character in the animated series Duckman ( 1994 -- 1997 ) . Alexander has had an active career on stage , appearing in several Broadway musicals including Jerome Robbins ' Broadway in 1989 , for which he won the Tony Award as Best Leading Actor in a Musical . He appeared in the Los Angeles production of The Producers . He was the Artistic Director of `` Reprise ! Broadway 's Best in Los Angeles '' , where he has directed several musicals .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "21ded26ea26e0b557d12c894e70dbf5a", "text": "George Washington (miniseries) George Washington is a 1984 television miniseries directed by Buzz Kulik . The miniseries , released in three parts , chronicles the life of George Washington , the 1st President of the United States , from age 11 to age 51 . George Washington is based on the biography by James Thomas Flexner . The miniseries was shot mainly on location near Washington , D.C. and was aired on April 8 , 10 and 11 , 1984 . Washington 's life in the French and Indian War , the second part shows the coming and commencement of the Revolutionary War and the final part describes the victory of the Independence from England . It was nominated for six Primetime Emmys .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b454573028840571611976ae9df969a8", "text": "The Great Moment (1944 film) The Great Moment is a 1944 biographical film written and directed by Preston Sturges . Based on the book Triumph Over Pain ( 1940 ) by René Fülöp-Miller , it tells the story of Dr. William Thomas Green Morton , a 19th-century Boston dentist who discovered the use of ether for general anesthesia . The film stars Joel McCrea and Betty Field , and features Harry Carey , William Demarest , Franklin Pangborn and Porter Hall . The movie was filmed in 1942 but not released for over two years , and the released version differed from what Preston Sturges had wished , although he publicly accepted the film as his own . Paramount Pictures disliked the film Sturges had made , and pulled it from his control , re-titled and re-edited it , in the process making it ( especially in the early segment ) more confusing for the audience to understand . The studio 's released version was marketed in a way that made it appear to be one of Sturges ' comedies . The film was not well received by the critics or the public , and marked the end of a sustained run of success for Sturges , who had already left Paramount by the time the film was released . Although rarely seen today , the film is worth viewing for its flashback structure -- comparable in some ways to Citizen Kane , which was influenced by the earlier film The Power and the Glory , for which Sturges wrote the screenplay -- and for its irreverent and subtly satirical tone , unusual for a time when most Hollywood biopics were over-inflated and sentimental . In 2003 a medical-dental historian in a lengthy analysis of the movie and its history -- which cited its flashback structure , timeless subject , injections of humor , and `` un-Pasteur-like '' treatment of its protagonist , while adhering reasonably well to the historical record -- concluded that `` The Great Moment may now be due for a general reevaluation by movie historians and critics who , like most folks , have never felt much affection for dentists past and present . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a0ab95b07216f9cefd824aece117c05e", "text": "Gary Cooper filmography The filmography of Gary Cooper chronicles the film appearances of American actor Gary Cooper . After starting his career in 1925 as a film extra and stuntman , Cooper made his official cinematic debut in 1926 in the Samuel Goldwyn production The Winning of Barbara Worth . He went on to become a contract player with Paramount Pictures where he established himself as a popular leading man prior to the end of the silent film era . Cooper 's future in the sound era was assured with the release of The Virginian ( 1929 ) , his first all-talkie film . For the next 32 years , he would be one of cinema 's top money-making stars . From 1936 to 1957 , Cooper ranked 18 times among the top ten box office attractions -- a record when he died in 1961 , and later surpassed only by John Wayne , who ranked among the top ten 25 times , Clint Eastwood ( 21 times ) and Tom Cruise ( 20 times ) . Cooper was nominated for the Best Actor Academy Award five times and won twice , for Sergeant York ( 1942 ) and High Noon ( 1952 ) . The latter film boosted his popularity , resulting in him being the number one box office attraction in 1953 . Cooper received a third Academy Award -- an honorary one -- just prior to his death in 1961 . His final film , The Naked Edge , was released shortly after his death . As of February 2008 , more than half of Gary Cooper 's feature films are available on DVD , while others not yet on home video are available for television broadcast . Unfortunately , at least two of his silent films -- Beau Sabreur ( 1928 ) and The Legion of the Condemned ( 1928 ) -- are now considered lost films . Another of his silent films , Wolf Song ( 1929 ) , was originally released as a part talkie , but survives only as a silent film . One of Cooper 's earliest talkies , Paramount on Parade ( 1930 ) , survives incomplete . The prints that are available for television are missing all but one of the film 's Technicolor scenes -- a partial restoration of these scenes was done by the UCLA Film Archives . This filmography contains sections for Cooper 's work as an extra in the earliest part of his film career , his feature film appearances , his occasional appearances in short films , and a section for a compilation film . Due to its length ( 92 films ) , the listing of his feature films is divided in four sections . Cooper 's film roles are listed , as well as the names of each film 's director and co-stars . Cooper 's awards and nominations are also listed . Except where noted , all of his films were shot in 35mm black and white . All films released prior to Lilac Time ( 1928 ) are silent films and all from The Virginian ( 1929 ) onward are sound films . The films made during the silent-to-sound transition are noted as being either silent or sound films . As an addendum , Cooper 's handful of television appearances are also listed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ff1b3ef46fd370d719864961cdbcf113", "text": "Jake Busey William Jacob `` Jake '' Busey ( born June 15 , 1971 ) is an American actor , musician and film producer . He is sometimes credited as Jacob Busey or William Busey . Busey was born in Los Angeles , and raised in Malibu , California , the son of photographer Judy Lynn Helkenberg , and actor Gary Busey . Busey spent his childhood on film sets and touring with bands in which his father played . He began considering his career choices at the age of five when he took up the two hobbies that grew into professions : acting and playing drums .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "696e60ffb4ebe95e4daa11b06d21d85b", "text": "Gold Turkey Gold Turkey is an American album of sketch comedy that was first released as a vinyl record in 1975 . It was a spin-off from -LSB- -LSB- National Lampoon ( magazine ) \| National Lampoon -RSB- -RSB- magazine . The album is a collection of `` greatest hits '' from the National Lampoon Radio Hour , a radio show that was broadcast on 600 radio stations and ran from November 17 , 1973 to December 28 , 1974 . The sketches on Gold Turkey feature numerous National Lampoon actors including Christopher Guest , Bill Murray , John Belushi , Brian Doyle-Murray , Chevy Chase , Harold Ramis , Gilda Radner , Joe Flaherty and Ed Subitzky.Gold Turkey was also subsequently issued as a CD . The title of the album `` Gold Turkey '' is a reference to the phrase `` cold turkey '' a phrase meaning to suffer sudden withdrawal from an addictive substance ; there is a John Lennon song Cold Turkey '' . `` Gold Turkey '' as shown in the cover photograph by Arky & Barrett is a visual pun on the golden statue awards for entertainment , such as the Oscars and the Emmy , and is simultaneously a verbal pun on the word `` turkey '' meaning a box office bomb or entertainment failure .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "39c228db611777f27122f073faf84587", "text": "George Raft George Raft ( born George Ranft ; September 26 , 1901 -- November 24 , 1980 ) was an American film actor and dancer identified with portrayals of gangsters in crime melodramas of the 1930s and 1940s . A stylish leading man in dozens of movies , today Raft is mostly known for his gangster roles in the original Scarface ( 1932 ) , Each Dawn I Die ( 1939 ) , and Billy Wilder 's 1959 comedy Some Like it Hot , as a dancer in Bolero ( 1934 ) , and a truck driver in They Drive by Night ( 1940 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d698ed9bc14db99bc46568a252539259", "text": "Will Smith Willard Carroll Smith Jr. ( born September 15 , 1968 ) is an American actor , producer , rapper , and songwriter . In April 2007 , Newsweek called him `` the most powerful actor in Hollywood '' . Smith has been nominated for five Golden Globe Awards and two Academy Awards , and has won four Grammy Awards . In the late 1980s , Smith achieved modest fame as a rapper under the name The Fresh Prince . In 1990 , his popularity increased dramatically when he starred in the popular NBC television series The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air , which ran for six seasons until 1996 . After the series ended , Smith transitioned from television to film , and has gone on to star in numerous blockbuster films . He is the only actor to have eight consecutive films gross over $ 100 million in the domestic box office , eleven consecutive films gross over $ 150 million internationally , and eight consecutive films in which he starred open at the number one spot in the domestic box office tally . Smith has been ranked as the most bankable star worldwide by Forbes . As of 2014 , 17 of the 21 films in which he has had leading roles have accumulated worldwide gross earnings of over $ 100 million each , five taking in over $ 500 million each in global box office receipts . As of 2016 , his films have grossed $ 7.5 billion at the global box office . For his performances as boxer Muhammad Ali in Ali ( 2001 ) and stockbroker Chris Gardner in The Pursuit of Happyness ( 2006 ) , Smith received nominations for the Academy Award for Best Actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b964a22cec95a2b63a32eb8075611418", "text": "Producers Guild of America Award The Producers Guild of America Award was originally established in 1990 by the Producers Guild of America as the Golden Laurel Awards , created by PGA Treasurer Joel Freeman with the support of Guild President Leonard Stern , in order to honor the visionaries who produce and execute motion picture and television product . The ceremony has been hosted each year by celebrity host/presenters , including Nick Clooney , Michael Douglas , Robert Guillaume , James Earl Jones , Jack Lemmon , Shirley MacLaine , Garry Marshall , Walter Matthau , Ronald Reagan , Marlo Thomas , Grant Tinker , and Ted Turner , among others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "06f77fe07eb68da197f1cb0f62d6672c", "text": "Grant Heslov Grant Heslov ( born May 15 , 1963 ) is an American actor , film producer , screenwriter and director , known for his producing and writing collaborations with George Clooney , which have earned him three Academy Award nominations . As a co-producer of Argo ( 2012 ) , he received the Academy Award for Best Picture in 2013 . As an actor , he has appeared in films including True Lies ( 1994 ) , Black Sheep ( 1996 ) , Enemy of the State ( 1998 ) and The Scorpion King ( 2002 ) , as well as performing supporting roles in several films made with Clooney .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "752227b3b7a63d61f5f2d679802fae77", "text": "Golden Boot Awards The Golden Boot Awards is an American acknowledgment of achievement honoring actors , actresses , and crew members who have made significant contributions to the genre of Western television and movies . The award is sponsored and presented by the Motion Picture & Television Fund . Money raised at the award banquet is used to help finance various services offered by the Fund to those in the entertainment industry . Actor Pat Buttram conceived the idea of the Golden Boot Award , and the first ones were presented in 1983 . The awards appear to have been discontinued since 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d303954b27e018d4558c138c35cf71a", "text": "My Fair Lady (film) My Fair Lady is a 1964 American musical film adapted from the Lerner and Loewe eponymous stage musical based on the 1913 stage play Pygmalion by George Bernard Shaw . With a screenplay by Alan Jay Lerner and directed by George Cukor , the film depicts a poor Cockney flower seller named Eliza Doolittle who overhears an arrogant phonetics professor , Henry Higgins , as he casually wagers that he could teach her to speak `` proper '' English , thereby making her presentable in the high society of Edwardian London . The film stars Audrey Hepburn and Rex Harrison as Eliza Doolittle and Henry Higgins respectively , with Stanley Holloway , Gladys Cooper and Wilfrid Hyde-White in supporting roles . A critical and commercial success , it won eight Academy Awards , including Best Picture , Best Actor , and Best Director . In 1998 , the American Film Institute named it the 91st greatest American film of all time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "761015fc91bfb1cd2299e77aea75b153", "text": "Jon Gries Jonathan Francis `` Jon '' Gries ( born June 17 , 1957 ) is an American actor , writer and director . He is also credited under the names Jon Francis and Jonathan Gries . He is best known for his role in Napoleon Dynamite as Uncle Rico , and also more recently as recurring character Roger Linus on Lost . He is also known for his roles in Martin , The Pretender , and Running Scared .", "title": "" } ]	fever
2bcc69a2607f5be62c1277582b542a95	Richard Gere starred in a film that was created in 1996.	[ { "docid": "b1f91cbd45c24c53026442e583371921", "text": "Primal Fear (film) Primal Fear is a 1996 American neo-noir crime-thriller film , based on William Diehl 's 1993 novel of the same name and directed by Gregory Hoblit . The film tells the story of a Chicago defense attorney who believes his altar boy client is not guilty of murdering an influential Catholic Archbishop . Primal Fear was a box office success and earned mostly positive reviews , with Edward Norton making a strong showing in his film debut . He was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor and won a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor -- Motion Picture .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "711118f6f6fad360b7a2a961f7d41ea3", "text": "Richard Gere Richard Tiffany Gere ( -LSB- ˈɡɪər -RSB- ; born August 31 , 1949 ) is an American actor and humanitarian activist . He began acting in the 1970s , playing a supporting role in Looking for Mr. Goodbar and a starring role in Days of Heaven . He came to prominence in 1980 for his role in the film American Gigolo , which established him as a leading man and a sex symbol . He went on to star in several hit films , including An Officer and a Gentleman , Pretty Woman , Primal Fear , Runaway Bride , Arbitrage and Chicago , for which he won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor and a Screen Actors Guild Award for part of the Best Cast .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "81bbd36b114d04ff9a4de41ad2ac0e4e", "text": "The Chamber (film) The Chamber is a 1996 crime thriller film based on John Grisham 's novel of the same name . The film was directed by James Foley and stars Gene Hackman and Chris O'Donnell .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0452cdf6e552d7c811a36878a2e516c8", "text": "The Pillow Book (film) The Pillow Book is a 1996 drama film written and directed by Peter Greenaway , which stars Vivian Wu as Nagiko , a Japanese model in search of pleasure and new cultural experience from various lovers . The film is a melding of dark modern drama with idealised Chinese and Japanese cultural themes and settings , and centres on body painting . The film features full-frontal male nudity . It is also the first film distributed by Lionsgate Films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5b8aa38007728c3f59dc75616dbf63c", "text": "List of Canadian films of 1996 This is a list of Canadian films which were released in 1996 :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b18cd7242cb9073b0fc28ab5be014731", "text": "Striptease (film) Striptease is a 1996 American erotic comedy film directed , produced , and written by Andrew Bergman , and stars Demi Moore , Burt Reynolds and Ving Rhames . The film is based on Carl Hiaasen 's novel of the same name , and is about a stripper who becomes involved in both a child-custody dispute and corrupt politics . Striptease was generally reviled by critics . It wound up winning several Golden Raspberry Awards , which are given to the worst in cinema . Among these awards given to Striptease was the Award for Worst Picture of 1996 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "243dad99da2f30c31888dc4f67bd94d2", "text": "An Unfinished Affair An Unfinished Affair is a 1996 American television film directed by Rod Hardy . The film originally premiered on ABC and is now frequently aired on Lifetime .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5805475987aff61182bfaca01a7b4b3f", "text": "The Empty Mirror The Empty Mirror is an experimental dramatic feature-length film using historical images and speculative fiction to study the life and mind of Adolf Hitler . The film is a psychological journey that examines the nature of evil and the dark strands of human nature . The 1996 film premiered at the Cannes International Film Festival and was released theatrically by Lions Gate Films . The film had its cable premiere on HBO .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "de4768b24a6f1ca7d782aa14997d00a5", "text": "American Gigolo American Gigolo is a 1980 American romantic crime film written and directed by Paul Schrader , and starring Richard Gere , Lauren Hutton , Hector Elizondo , Nina Van Pallandt and Bill Duke . It tells the story of Julian Kaye , a high-price male escort in Los Angeles who becomes romantically involved with a prominent politician 's wife while simultaneously becoming the prime suspect in a murder case . The film is notable for establishing Gere as a leading man , and was one of the first mainstream Hollywood films to include frontal male nudity from its main star . It is also notable for its accompanying soundtrack , composed by Giorgio Moroder and featuring the number-one hit single `` Call Me '' by Blondie . Schrader considers it one of four similar films , which he calls `` double bookends '' : Taxi Driver , bookended by Light Sleeper , and American Gigolo bookended by The Walker .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f13d8108b44d15886f05fa1f65506ea8", "text": "Fantastic Voyage Fantastic Voyage is a 1966 American science fiction film directed by Richard Fleischer and written by Harry Kleiner , based on a story by Otto Klement and Jerome Bixby . The film is about a submarine crew who shrink to microscopic size and venture into the body of an injured scientist to repair the damage to his brain . The original story took place in the 19th century and was meant to be a Jules Verne -- style adventure with a sense of wonder . Kleiner abandoned all but the concept of miniaturization and added a Cold War element . The film starred Stephen Boyd , Raquel Welch , Edmond O'Brien , and Donald Pleasence . Bantam Books obtained the rights for a paperback novelization based on the screenplay and approached Isaac Asimov to write it . Because the novelization was released six months before the movie , many people mistakenly believed the film was based on Asimov 's book . The movie inspired an animated television series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "35fc33ad0c4b62b0b8820ba7289f6a21", "text": "The Assault (1996 film) The Assault is a 1996 American action film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "962079ace501540e73afc3fbe7d95ae4", "text": "The Adventures of Pinocchio (1996 film) The Adventures of Pinocchio is a 1996 American fantasy adventure film based on Carlo Collodi 's original novel of the same name co-written and directed by Steve Barron . Barron collaborated with Sherry Mills , Tom Bender and Barry Berman on the screenplay . The film was an American , British , French , Czech and German venture produced by New Line Cinema , The Kushner-Locke Company , Savoy Pictures , Pangaea Holdings and Twin Continental Films . The film stars Martin Landau , Jonathan Taylor Thomas , Rob Schneider , Udo Kier , Bebe Neuwirth , David Doyle and Geneviève Bujold .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "16d47e16e7347fedfb9b7c2e5e46d28e", "text": "Telling Lies in America Telling Lies in America is a 1997 coming-of-age drama film directed by Guy Ferland and written by Joe Eszterhas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "975227b550c761b833bfeb4e5f1f0c08", "text": "Sunchaser Sunchaser ( titled on-screen as The Sunchaser ) is a 1996 film directed by Michael Cimino and starring Woody Harrelson , Jon Seda and Anne Bancroft . It was director Cimino 's last feature-length film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "132bb9ce9a2a372f9b47a86cb77fbf58", "text": "Getting Away with Murder (film) Getting Away with Murder is a 1996 American comedy film written and directed by Harvey Miller . The film stars Dan Aykroyd , Jack Lemmon , Lily Tomlin and Bonnie Hunt . This was the final project for veteran writer and director Harvey Miller . It received poor reviews and was panned by critics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ec9e464cdd543bcaee80bce32117019c", "text": "Cutthroat Island Cutthroat Island is a 1995 romantic comedy action adventure film directed by Renny Harlin and written by Robert King and Marc Norman based on a story by Michael Frost Beckner , James Gorman , Bruce A. Evans , and Raymond Gideon . It stars Geena Davis , Matthew Modine , and Frank Langella . The film is an international co-production among companies in the United States , France , Germany , and Italy . The film had a notoriously troubled and chaotic production , involving multiple rewrites and recasts , and received mixed reviews , whereas the high production values , action sequences , shooting locations , and the musical score were praised . It is notable for being the largest box office bomb when adjusted for inflation , and was the last film from Carolco Pictures before its closure , until the company 's relaunch in 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "59bb602a90204b0cd18e610499fc92f7", "text": "Summer of Fear (1996 film) Summer of Fear is a 1996 American made-for-television psychological thriller film starring Gregory Harrison , Glynnis O'Connor , Lee Garlington and Corin Nemec which premiered on CBS on April 3 , 1996 . It was written by John Gay and based on the novel Simon Says by Gloria Murphy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a56ecd2b07d430a364f44ba3fad5be70", "text": "Restoration (1995 film) Restoration is a 1995 American historical drama film directed by Michael Hoffman . It stars Robert Downey , Jr. as a 17th-century medical student exploited by the king . The film , which is based on the novel of the same title by Rose Tremain , was filmed in Wales and won two Academy Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e9c95ed771974837fb433efd8cb392df", "text": "Miss de Vère (English Jig) Miss de Vère ( English Jig ) ( Miss de Vère ) was an 1896 French silent film directed by Georges Méliès . It was released by Méliès 's Star Film Company and is numbered 45 in its catalogues . The `` Miss de Vère '' of the title was one of the daughters of Charles De Vere ( real name H. S. G. Williams ) , an Englishman who had worked as a professional magician and who was then the owner of a Paris shop selling conjuror 's supplies , electrical equipment , and films . The film is currently presumed lost .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1686a82765df9df8072b9dd921bd774d", "text": "List of French films of 1996 A list of films produced in France in 1996 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bce9758365857686dda21cbef7daf1eb", "text": "Spree (film) Spree is a 1996 film written and directed by Rustin Thompson . It tells the story of a young woman who falls in love with a drug dealer and the perils that come with it .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9b3ebafd3880a72d855cace8af042fd2", "text": "2 Days in the Valley 2 Days in the Valley is a 1996 American black comedy crime film written and directed by John Herzfeld , that revolves around 48 hours in the lives of a group of people who are drawn together by a murder .", "title": "" } ]	fever
1218efdd6ed3da1faa7d71ed135ed52b	On January 15, 1993 Sammy Cahn died.	[ { "docid": "33e53310f8006c08e148741ed1080e0b", "text": "Sammy Cahn Sammy Cahn ( June 18 , 1913 -- January 15 , 1993 ) was an American lyricist , songwriter and musician . He is best known for his romantic lyrics to films and Broadway songs , as well as stand-alone songs premiered by recording companies in the Greater Los Angeles Area . He and his collaborators had a series of hit recordings with Frank Sinatra during the singer 's tenure at Capitol Records , but also enjoyed hits with Dean Martin , Doris Day and many others . He played the piano and violin . He won the Academy Award four times for his songs , including the popular song `` Three Coins in the Fountain '' . Among his most enduring songs is `` Let It Snow ! Let It Snow ! Let It Snow ! '' , cowritten with Jule Styne in 1945 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "af58c26cddd21fdf2cdb72f28d106e30", "text": "Clarence Lehr Clarence Emanuel Lehr ( May 16 , 1886 -- January 31 , 1948 ) nicknamed `` King '' , was a Major League Baseball outfielder and infielder who played for the Philadelphia Phillies in . He was a board chairman of the Detroit Racing Association . He died after suffering a ruptured artery while working at his office in the Lafayette Building in Detroit .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5f9e615decd199c10a8d65fe8173f77f", "text": "Randy Cain Randy Cain ( May 2 , 1945 -- April 9 , 2009 ) was a Philadelphia soul singer with The Delfonics ( early 1960s to 1971 ) . He also helped set up the group Blue Magic . He was born Herbert Randal Cain III in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , United States . Cain died at his home in Maple Shade Township , New Jersey in April 2009 , aged 63 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d34d796b1ba4138069960d68a9f4a52", "text": "Jeffrey Schmalz Jeffrey Schmalz ( / ʃmɑːlts / ; December 6 , 1953 -- November 6 , 1993 ) was an American journalist who spent his entire career of more than 20 years with The New York Times . He is best known for his groundbreaking reporting on the emerging HIV/AIDS crisis of the 1980s and 1990s and its impact on the LGBT community at that time . Schmalz himself was a gay man who paved the way for other gay reporters at the Times in an era when homosexuality was more heavily stigmatized in the newsroom and the country as a whole . He was diagnosed with AIDS in 1990 and died with the disease on November 6 , 1993 at the age of 39 . He had booked a dinner at a restaurant in lower Manhattan for his 40th birthday party . Instead , the party became a memorial gathering held on December 6 , 1993 . Schmalz 's reporting on AIDS includes in-depth profiles of well-known people with HIV/AIDS like Mary Fisher , Magic Johnson , and Larry Kramer . His work is recounted in the December 2015 book and radio documentary `` Dying Words : The AIDS Reporting of Jeff Schmalz and How It Transformed The New York Times '' , by Samuel G. Freedman .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "429aba119e0a5135b457d2637de968dd", "text": "Bob Montgomery (songwriter) Bob Montgomery ( May 12 , 1937 -- December 4 , 2014 ) was an American singer , songwriter , and record producer/publisher . Montgomery was born in Lampasas , Texas , United States . He was a songwriting partner and best friend of Buddy Holly , performing together as the duo `` Buddy and Bob '' while teenagers in high school . Initially , they played a variety of bluegrass music , which evolved into rockabilly sounds . Montgomery met Holly at Hutchinson Junior High School in Lubbock , Texas , in 1949 . They started playing together at school assemblies and on local radio shows . Montgomery sang lead and Holly harmonized . They soon had a weekly Sunday radio show on station KDAV . On October 14 , 1955 , Bill Haley & His Comets played a concert at the Fair Park Auditorium , at Montgomery , Holly and bassist Larry Welborn were also on the bill . Eddie Crandall , Marty Robbins ' manager , spoke to KDAV station owner Pappy Dave Stone and told him he was interested in Holly as a solo performer . Holly 's career then began after demo recordings of his music were made and sent to Decca Records . Montgomery co-wrote some of Holly 's songs , such as `` Heartbeat '' , `` Wishing '' , and `` Love 's Made a Fool of You '' . He wrote the pop standard `` Misty Blue '' and , for Patsy Cline , `` Back in Baby 's Arms '' . His son Kevin recorded a version of this , which appeared on his album True . Montgomery produced Bobby Goldsboro 's 1968 number 1 hit `` Honey '' . Montgomery died on December 4 , 2014 , in Lee 's Summit , Missouri , of Parkinson 's disease , at the age of 77 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "30144fa8e41a9d1a7feb6b4789527c18", "text": "Dave Schnell David `` Dave '' Schnell ( July 15 , 1966 - May 22 , 2011 ) was an American football player . He attended Elkhart Central High School in Elkhart , Indiana , and he was selected by Sports Illustrated in 1985 as the best high school football player in the United States . He then played college football at the quarterback position for the Indiana University Hoosiers football team . He led the 1987 Indiana Hoosiers football team to victories over both Michigan and Ohio State , becoming the only Indiana quarterback to record victories against both teams in the same year . The following year , he was selected by the conference coaches as the second-team quarterback on the 1988 All-Big Ten Conference football team . Schnell was diagnosed with leukemia in 2007 and died from the disease in May 2011 at age 44 . He was inducted into the Indiana Football Hall of Fame in May 2010 . He is survived by three sons and a daughter : Samuel , Spencer , Vincent and Brook . His mother Margaret ( Peg ) Everingham , his brother Doug ( Jackie ) Schnell , his half-brothers Tim and Jerry O'Neill , and his half-sister Kathleen ( O'Neill ) Bollero also remain . Now , each year in August , there is a golf-outing held at Christiana Creek Country Club in Elkhart , Indiana in his honor to raise money for the David E. Schnell Scholarship fund . This scholarship fund serves to provide local high school seniors with a scholarship if they are to continue to play football in college .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2a3a974d415b0fb2c7a1ac1d84e7fb09", "text": "Feelin' Good Train Feelin ' Good Train is the third studio album released by American country music artist Sammy Kershaw . It was released in 1994 ( see 1994 in country music ) on Mercury Records . The album produced four singles for Kershaw on the Billboard country charts . The first two singles were `` National Working Woman 's Holiday '' and a cover of the Amazing Rhythm Aces ' `` Third Rate Romance '' , both of which peaked at # 2 . Following it were `` Southbound '' at # 27 and `` If You 're Gon na Walk , I 'm Gon na Crawl '' at # 18 . Also included on this album is the track `` Never Bit a Bullet Like This '' , a duet with George Jones which was previously released from his 1993 album High-Tech Redneck .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a7465945675f43d5c6da0ad8a42b7d48", "text": "Gary B.B. Coleman Gary B.B. Coleman ( January 1 , 1947February 14 , 1994 ) was an American soul blues guitarist , singer , songwriter and record producer . Originally a local musician turned blues promoter and session musician , Coleman recorded his debut album in 1986 , which was re-released by Ichiban Records . He issued several other albums and produced most of Ichiban 's blues catalogue until his death , in 1994 . On many occasions , Coleman undertook multi-instrumentalist duties in the recording studio . He acknowledged both B.B. King , with his `` B.B. '' moniker , and a fellow Texan , Freddie King .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d5eee3e4d077f9ec205ef09cb6d5b71", "text": "1993–94 Utah Jazz season The 1993 -- 94 NBA season was the Jazz 's 20th season in the National Basketball Association , and 15th season in Salt Lake City , Utah . During the offseason , the Jazz signed unrestricted free agent All-Star forward Tom Chambers , and acquired Felton Spencer from the Minnesota Timberwolves . John Stockton led the league in assists for the seventh straight season , as Karl Malone joined the list in all-time points scored topping the 19,000 point mark . Both were selected for the 1994 NBA All-Star Game . At midseason , the Jazz traded Jeff Malone to the Philadelphia 76ers for Jeff Hornacek . With the addition of Hornacek , the Jazz went on to win ten consecutive games between February and March . They won nine of their final eleven games finishing third in the Midwest Division with a 53 -- 29 record . In the first round of the playoffs , the Jazz defeated the 4th-seeded San Antonio Spurs after losing Game 1 . In the semifinals , they took a 3 -- 0 series lead over the 8th-seeded Denver Nuggets . However , the Jazz would lose the next three games to the Nuggets , then finally win Game 7 and advance to the next round . In the Western Conference Finals , they lost five games to the Houston Rockets . Following the season , Tyrone Corbin was traded to the Atlanta Hawks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bfb88abe81cb5662e3dce08205d8b85f", "text": "Connie B. Gay Connie Barriot Gay ( August 22 , 1914 -- December 3 , 1989 ) was renowned as a `` founding father '' and `` major force '' in country music . He is credited for coining the country music genre , which had previously been called hillbilly music . Gay was the founding president of the Country Music Association ( CMA ) and co-founder of the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum . The CMA established the Connie B. Gay Award to recognize outstanding service to the CMA by a member not serving on the Board of Directors . Gay was an entrepreneur who leveraged his musical insight into a profitable empire that extended his legacy into the modern era . He was responsible for discovering some of the talent that now resides in the Hall of Fame , and was himself inducted in 1980 , for significant contributions as a music executive .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f1337782ae65b332d8340cddfe1c4eb2", "text": "Conrad McRae Conrad Bastien McRae ( January 11 , 1971 -- July 10 , 2000 ) was an American professional basketball player who had a successful career in Europe for teams in France , Italy , Greece and Turkey . He was also selected by the Washington Bullets in the 2nd round ( 38th overall ) of the 1993 NBA draft . In the summer of 2000 , McRae collapsed and died during a practice with the Orlando Magic 's summer league team at the University of California , Irvine .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "15b430ec102677925004297012a585b0", "text": "Commonwealth v. Twitchell Commonwealth v. Twitchell , 416 Mass. 114 ( 1993 ) was the most prominent of a series of criminal cases , in the late 1980s and early 1990s , in which parents who were members of the Christian Science church were prosecuted for the deaths of children whose medical conditions had been treated only by Christian Science prayer . In 1988 , Massachusetts prosecutors charged David and Ginger Twitchell with manslaughter in the 1986 death of their two-year-old son Robyn . Robyn Twitchell died of a peritonitis caused by a bowel obstruction that medical professionals declared would have been easily correctable . The Twitchells ' defense contended that the couple were within their First Amendment rights to treat their son 's illness with prayer and that Massachusetts had recognized this right in an exemption to the statute outlawing child neglect . The Twitchells were convicted of involuntary manslaughter . They were sentenced to ten years probation and required to bring their remaining children to regular visits to a pediatrician . The conviction was overturned in 1993 by the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court on a legal technicality . Robert Gittens , speaking for the prosecutors ' office commented , `` the law is now clear : parents can not sacrifice the lives of their children in the name of religious freedom . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "27dc8c36606aff958984c2c268d359cc", "text": "1993 Dallas Cowboys season The 1993 Dallas Cowboys season marked their 34th in the NFL and a quest for back-to-back Super Bowl titles . The season saw the franchise become the first team to start 0 -- 2 and still reach ( and subsequently win ) the Super Bowl . The following off-season was marked by the sudden resignation of head coach Jimmy Johnson , though he would return to coach the Miami Dolphins in 1996 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "626417ca80cc28ffadada517483b1c51", "text": "Sings the Songs of Andrew Lloyd Webber Sings the Songs of Andrew Lloyd Webber is a studio album from Shirley Bassey released in 1993 . This album saw Bassey briefly return to her old label EMI ( which also owns her United Artists recordings ) ; the album was issued by EMI on the Music For Pleasure Premier label . All songs on this album are from the pen of Sir Andrew Lloyd Webber . This is the first , and to date the only Songbook album that Shirley Bassey has recorded and released . In her early recording career she had recorded many songs from the Great American Songbook , but unlike Frank Sinatra , Ella Fitzgerald , and many other artists , she had never recorded a complete album of songs by one composer . The songs on the album are all taken from the popular musicals of Andrew Lloyd Webber , that he wrote with various lyricists . The oldest song found on the album is from the 1971 musical Jesus Christ Superstar which originally opened on Broadway in October of that year . Bringing it up to date the album also includes two songs from Sunset Boulevard which had recently premiered on July 12 , 1993 in London 's West End . Four songs had previously been recorded by Shirley Bassey , `` I Do n't Know How To Love Him '' in 1972 for the album And I Love You So , `` Do n't Cry for Me Argentina '' in 1978 for the album The Magic Is You , `` Memory '' in 1984 for the B-side of the European single `` That 's Right '' and `` All I Ask of You '' in 1991 for the album Keep the Music Playing . Several TV performances and interviews were made by Bassey to promote this album . The album entered the UK Albums Chart on December 4 , 1993 and peaked at No. 34 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a542313219ce4dc2d1588a6ec2019b5b", "text": "Nathan Cohn", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd4fa23b0b9486db2de52b1625c31176", "text": "Christian Schoyen Christian Schoyen ( born February 13 , 1966 ) is a headhunter , expert in human behavior and futurist with speciality in human behavior futurology . He has since 1997 been the CEO for a successful international headhunting company that he founded , with offices in the U.S. and Europe . On October 7 , 2015 Christian received the honorary award ; ` Recognition of Your Contribution to the Community ' from Las Vegas Mayor Carolyn G. Goodman and the City Council as the founder for Heroes United and his work in Sierra Oeste . On November 14 , 2014 the film Vegas Vikings by Christian Schoyen was announced as the Best Nevada Film for 2014 by the Nevada International Film Festival , then on May 1 , 2015 as winner of the 2015 Golden Palm Award at Mexico International Film Festival and on May 5 , 2015 as winner of the Golden Kahuna Award at Honolulu Film Awards . The Vegas Vikings film documents the activities conducted in Las Vegas over 21 field days by Schoyen , taken place over a time period of two years , starting with Introduction of the Leif Erikson Day and ending with the Hometown Heroes United project in Sierra Oeste , which resulted in violent crime being reduced with 75 % . Christian said in an interview with Las Vegas Review Journal ; '' Making the community safer helped bring the neighborhood together . To us , it 's been exciting that we 've been able to change a situation that 's been so bleak . '' In an interview with Romerikes Blad , Schoyen said ; `` The success we achieved in Sierra Oeste means a lot to not just Nevada and Las Vegas , but also to the rest of America , as we through this collaborative initiative have proven what is possible , and that our blue-print can be applied to also other US cities . `` On December 19 , 2013 the parade and block party for the children of Sierra Oeste took place , launching the initiative of Hometown Heroes United , a group with Christian Schoyen as the project director , formed by the Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department and Hometown Heroes to fight crime and improve the conditions for children in poverty . The block party which had Christmas music , free food , gifts and a drawing contest gathered hundreds of children in Sierra Oeste , which is considered to be the most dangerous place to live in Las Vegas . Over several weeks Christian and others involved in the project knocked on every door to get to know the families and better understand what troubles the community . Christian said in an interview with Las Vegas Review Journal ; '' We want to reduce crime and reach out to the children . We hope to bring a strong community spirit to the area , something that is vital for children to thrive and to break the cycle of violence that has plagued the neighborhood for years and hope we can alter that life path . Transforming a neighborhood known to many as the `` baby ghetto '' wo n't be easy . A drastic situation needs drastic measures . '' On October 8 , 2013 the Hometown Heroes Leif Erikson Awards took place at South Point Hotel , Casino & Spa in Las Vegas hosted by Christian Schoyen with awards presented by Las Vegas Mayor Pro Tem Stavros Anthony , where the good deeds of nine Nevadans where recognized with the Hometown Heroes Leif Erikson Award and Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department with the Leif Erikson `` Viking of honor '' lifetime award . The recipients have been featured on the `` Hometown Heroes '' television show appearing on KCLV Channel 2 . The celebration of the modern day Vikings of Las Vegas was done in conjunction with the 50-year celebration of when Leif Erikson Day was first suggested in Congress as a national observance . On April 29 , 2013 Hometown Heroes ( talk show ) , hosted by Christian , which spotlights individuals in the Las Vegas community , who have made a difference in others ' lives premiered on KCLV Channel 2 . Christian said in an interview with Las Vegas Review Journal ; `` I 'm out to raise the social consciousness of the community by highlighting those who help others '' . I found the same patterns in every person I interviewed for the show . They all had a mental fortitude that shrugged off temporary setbacks to continue moving forward . They saw their work not as a chore , but as their passion . With any recognition , they were quick to deflect the praise and characterize it as a team effort . They were meant to be here in Las Vegas . They 're high-energy , driven people who feel a responsibility to help others . '' `` I hope by showcasing people who have helped others , `` Hometown Heroes '' could inspire more people to become role models . On October 3 , 2012 Christian accepted from Las Vegas Mayor Carolyn G. Goodman on behalf of the Vegas Viking Lodge . of Sons of Norway and the more than 50,000 Scandinavians in Las Vegas proclamation of October 9 being the official Leif Erikson Day throughout the city . The ceremony took place at City Hall and was televised live on KCLV Channel 2 . To nurture the core Viking traits in children growing up in Las Vegas represented by Leif Erikson 's legacy a drawing competition sponsored by Vegas Viking lodge was in conjunction with the day announced . The lodge works with the Clark County School District and Christian said in an interview with Las Vegas Review-Journal ; `` We can influence young minds , especially when they 're the most open ( under age 12 ) as eighty-five percent of your conditioning is fixed before you 're 12 . We want to further the understanding of what it meant to be a Viking and how that approach to life can apply to their lives . The Vikings represent role models , and we believe everybody needs role models . What stops people is fear ; if you can overcome fear , your potential as a human being is much greater ; it can open doors . '' In 2011 , Christian 's futuring project ; `` Las Vegas 2020 '' was selected for presentation at World Future Society international Conference in Vancouver , Canada . The project which was done in conjunction with futurist Nils Rasmussen introduced a new model for city government , together with a vision of how to ensure optimal allocation of resources to provide a higher quality of life for the citizens of Las Vegas . He has written several books , this including ; Can People Change ? - When trapped in a bubble , which has its basis in his 17-year study in human behavior and predictability . His docudrama Living the Dream linking childhood conditioning to adulthood plays an important part of his behavior study . Christian is also the author of the US bestselling book for companies on how to recruit ; Secrets of the Executive Search Experts , The Hidden Job Market : Secrets of an International Headhunter , Recruitment in the European Economic Area ( EEA ) : Forecast of Future Labour Market ( The Norwegian Government Research Council / ISBN 978-1-4675-2151-2 ) , How to Get the Job : A Handbook for International Job Seekers and A Second Life : Your Second Chance at Life . Christian graduated with a BBA from Pacific Lutheran University , Tacoma , WA in 1991 and conducted his ethnic studies at California State University , Northridge .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c470dbf4c97e309f591265be077f82ed", "text": "Conrad O. Johnson Conrad Oberon Johnson ( November 15 , 1915 -- February 3 , 2008 ) was an American music educator , long associated with the city of Houston , who was inducted into the Texas Bandmasters Hall of Fame in 2000 . Born in Victoria , Texas , Conrad Johnson was nine when his family moved to Houston . Following studies at Yates High School , he attended Houston College for Negroes and graduated from Wiley College . He was an active member of Omega Psi Phi Fraternity . He started his career in music education in 1941 and , following a thirty-seven-year career , retired from his position at Kashmere High School in 1978 , but continued to remain active in shaping music in Houston by conducting summer programs and in-home tutoring . Johnson was a proficient musician in his own right and , at one point , played with Count Basie . Erskine Hawkins tried to convince him to join his orchestra , but Johnson declined , citing a love of teaching and obligations to his family . Later , Johnson made his lasting contribution to music by forming the Kashmere Stage Band , a renowned school orchestra that won a number of awards during its decade-long run . The Conrad O. Johnson School of Fine Arts at Kashmere High School is named after him . Conrad O. Johnson died in Houston days after his former students staged a celebration in his honor . The gala Saturday night concert , which was filmed by a documentary crew , was described by the students as `` the greatest 92nd birthday gift that he could have ever requested . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c88672e2a3e870c34beef49f55e761cb", "text": "Sammy's Back on Broadway Sammy 's Back on Broadway is a 1965 studio album by Sammy Davis , Jr. . .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4db11ec380bc2c5cde3a2fbe8a4b55c7", "text": "Newhall incident The Newhall incident , also called the `` Newhall massacre '' , was a shootout between two heavily armed criminals and officers of the California Highway Patrol ( CHP ) in the Newhall unincorporated area of Los Angeles County , California on April 5 , 1970 . In less than 5 minutes , four CHP officers were killed in what was at the time the deadliest day in the history of California law enforcement . At approximately 11:55 p.m. ( UTC-8 ) , CHP officers Walt Frago and Roger Gore conducted a traffic stop of Bobby Davis and Jack Twinning in conjunction with an incident involving the pair that had been reported to the CHP minutes earlier . After stopping in a restaurant parking lot and initially cooperating with the officers , Twinning and Davis opened fire and killed both officers . Minutes later , Officers George Alleyn and James Pence arrived on the scene and engaged Twinning and Davis in a shootout . A passerby picked up one of the officers ' weapons and opened fire on the perpetrators ; however , the three were outgunned , and both Alleyn and Pence suffered fatal injuries while the passerby ran out of ammunition and took cover in a ditch . A third CHP patrol car arrived on the scene and the lone officer inside briefly exchanged gunfire with the perpetrators , but they were able to flee the scene . Over three hours later , after stealing a vehicle and exchanging gunfire with its owner , Davis attempted to flee the area ; however , he was spotted by police and arrested . Meanwhile , Twinning broke into a house and took one of its occupants hostage . The house was surrounded by deputies of the Los Angeles County Sheriff 's Department and at approximately 9 a.m. , he released the hostage and committed suicide when the deputies entered the house . Davis was sentenced to death but had his sentence commuted to life imprisonment without the possibility of parole in 1973 . He killed himself at Kern Valley State Prison in 2009 . The Newhall incident resulted in a number of changes at the CHP , including procedural changes in arresting high risk suspects and standardization of firearms and firearms training used across the department .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b150a74d30ef747b2ded580322e518fd", "text": "Earl Stallings The Reverend Earl Stallings was an American Baptist minister and activist in the Civil Rights Movement . Earl Stallings was born March 20 , 1916 , in Durham , North Carolina . He died when he was 89 in his retirement home in Lakeland , Florida , on February 23 . He left behind a son and two grandchildren : A son named Jim Stallings ; Grandson James Stalling ; granddaughter Meredith Beeson Stallings ; and several nephews including Carl Bowen and Bryant Stallings . Earl had a wife of 64 years , Ruth Langston McMahan Stallings , who died in April 2001 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5c5d2d088eaf86763722feaf99d39261", "text": "American Music Awards of 1983 The 10th Annual American Music Awards were held on January 17 , 1983 .", "title": "" } ]	fever
4f85e1ac9f4f1e241b598e57798d546b	Howard Hughes directed Scarface.	[ { "docid": "ef54b515f379730ce9f10a83c52f3f34", "text": "Howard Hughes Howard Robard Hughes Jr. ( December 24 , 1905 -- April 5 , 1976 ) was an American businessman , investor , pilot , film director , and philanthropist , known during his lifetime as one of the most financially successful individuals in the world . He first made a name for himself as a film producer , and then became an influential figure in the aviation industry . Later in life , he became known for his eccentric behavior and reclusive lifestyle -- oddities that were caused in part by a worsening obsessive -- compulsive disorder ( OCD ) and chronic pain from a plane crash . As a maverick film tycoon , Hughes gained prominence in Hollywood beginning in the late 1920s , when he produced big-budget and often controversial films like The Racket ( 1928 ) , Hell 's Angels ( 1930 ) , and Scarface ( 1932 ) . Later he controlled the RKO film studio . Hughes formed the Hughes Aircraft Company in 1932 , hiring numerous engineers and designers . He spent the rest of the 1930s setting multiple world air speed records and building the Hughes H-1 Racer and H-4 Hercules ( the `` Spruce Goose '' ) . He acquired and expanded Trans World Airlines and later acquired Air West , renaming it Hughes Airwest . Hughes was included in Flying Magazine 's list of the 51 Heroes of Aviation , ranked at 25 . Today , his legacy is maintained through the Howard Hughes Medical Institute .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0866e1222240c1e5aea65074f3ae281b", "text": "Scarface (1932 film) Scarface ( also known as Scarface : The Shame of the Nation and The Shame of a Nation ) is a 1932 American pre-Code gangster film starring Paul Muni as Antonio `` Tony '' Camonte . It was produced by Howard Hughes and Howard Hawks , directed by Hawks , and Richard Rosson . The story is based on Armitage Trail 's 1929 novel of the same name , which is loosely based on the rise and fall of Al Capone . The film features Ann Dvorak as Camonte 's sister , and also stars Karen Morley , Osgood Perkins , and Boris Karloff . The plot centers on gang warfare and police intervention when rival gangs fight over control of Chicago . A version of the Saint Valentine 's Day Massacre is also depicted . The film was the basis for the Brian De Palma 1983 film of the same name starring Al Pacino .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "39c228db611777f27122f073faf84587", "text": "George Raft George Raft ( born George Ranft ; September 26 , 1901 -- November 24 , 1980 ) was an American film actor and dancer identified with portrayals of gangsters in crime melodramas of the 1930s and 1940s . A stylish leading man in dozens of movies , today Raft is mostly known for his gangster roles in the original Scarface ( 1932 ) , Each Dawn I Die ( 1939 ) , and Billy Wilder 's 1959 comedy Some Like it Hot , as a dancer in Bolero ( 1934 ) , and a truck driver in They Drive by Night ( 1940 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1445773c08da50707979a85167e4edf4", "text": "Houston Film Critics Society Awards 2010 The 4th Houston Film Critics Society Awards were presented on December 18 , 2010 . These awards for `` extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Houston Film Critics Society ( HFCS ) based in Houston , Texas . The organization , founded in 2007 , includes 22 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications in the greater Houston area . The awards are co-sponsored by the Houston Film Commission , Southwest Alternate Media Project , Women in Film and Television/Houston , WorldFest , and the Houston Cinema Arts Society . The nominations for the 2010 awards were announced on December 12 , 2010 . Eligible films do not need to have played or opened in a Houston film theater prior to the nomination deadline , merely made available to the HFCS membership at a screening or on DVD . Along with the 13 `` best of '' category awards , this year also saw the introduction of a new category for `` Worst Movies of the Year '' . The Social Network , True Grit , and 127 Hours each received six nominations , all including the Best Picture , Actor , Direction , and Original Score categories . The Social Network was the HFCS 's most awarded film of 2010 taking top honors in the Best Picture , Best Director ( David Fincher ) , Best Actor ( Jesse Eisenberg ) , and Best Screenplay ( Aaron Sorkin ) categories . Inception was the only other film to garner multiple awards , winning both the Best Original Score ( Hans Zimmer ) and Best Cinematography ( Wally Pfister ) prizes . The other acting awards went to Natalie Portman as Best Actress for Black Swan , Hailee Steinfeld as Best Supporting Actress for True Grit , and Christian Bale as Best Supporting Actor for The Fighter . The remaining film honors went to Toy Story 3 as Best Animated Film , Restrepo as Best Documentary , and The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo as Best Foreign Language Film . `` We Are Sex Bob-Omb '' by Beck from Scott Pilgrim vs. the World was named the Best Original Song . The HFCS 's first-ever award for `` Worst Picture '' was given to Jonah Hex starring Josh Brolin . In addition to the category awards , the HFCS presented their annual Lifetime Achievement Award to Sissy Spacek and its Humanitarian Award to George Clooney . Clooney was selected for `` selflessly using his celebrity for greater good '' . The HFCS award for Outstanding Achievement in Cinema awards were presented to Charles Dove , director of the Rice University Media Center , and Hector Luna , the founder and editor of C-47 Houston .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "550c68a373af0337f9959415d4ece73e", "text": "Cool Hand Luke Cool Hand Luke is a 1967 American prison drama film directed by Stuart Rosenberg , starring Paul Newman and featuring George Kennedy in an Oscar-winning performance . Newman stars in the title role as Luke , a prisoner in a Florida prison camp who refuses to submit to the system . The film , set in the early 1950s , is based on Donn Pearce 's 1965 novel of the same name . Pearce sold the story to Warner Bros. , who then hired him to write the script . Due to Pearce 's lack of film experience , the studio added Frank Pierson to rework the screenplay . Newman 's biographer Marie Edelman Borden states that the `` tough , honest '' script drew together threads from earlier movies , especially Hombre , Newman 's earlier film of 1967 . The film has been cited by Roger Ebert as an anti-establishment film which was shot during the time of the Vietnam War , in which Newman 's character endures `` physical punishment , psychological cruelty , hopelessness and equal parts of sadism and masochism . '' His influence on his prison mates and the torture that he endures is compared to that of Jesus , and Christian symbolism is used throughout the film , culminating in a photograph superimposed over crossroads at the end of the film in comparison to the crucifixion . Filming took place on the San Joaquin River Delta , and the set , imitating a southern prison farm , was built in Stockton , California . The filmmakers sent a crew to Tavares Road Prison in Tavares , Florida , to take photographs and measurements . Upon its release , Cool Hand Luke received favorable reviews and became a box-office success . The film cemented Newman 's status as one of the era 's top box-office actors , while the film was described as the `` touchstone of an era . '' Newman was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor , George Kennedy won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor , Pearce and Pierson were nominated for the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay , and the score by Lalo Schifrin was also nominated for the Best Original Score . In 2005 , the United States Library of Congress selected it for the National Film Registry , considering it to be `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant . '' It has a 100 % rating on the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes . The quotation used by the prison warden ( Strother Martin ) in the film , which begins with `` What we 've got here is failure to communicate , '' was listed at No. 11 on the American Film Institute 's list of the 100 most memorable movie lines .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "050888d319e0b2294945d015f202a0ee", "text": "Pride of Maryland Pride of Maryland is a 1951 American drama film directed by Philip Ford and written by John K. Butler . The film stars Stanley Clements , Peggy Stewart , Frankie Darro , Joe Sawyer , Robert Barrat and Harry Shannon . The film was released on January 20 , 1951 , by Republic Pictures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4e69f9c9f6df9e7dc4f9b8fa01a2947", "text": "Diamond Head (film) Diamond Head ( 1963 ) is a film starring Charlton Heston , Yvette Mimieux , George Chakiris , and James Darren , directed by Guy Green , and released by Columbia Pictures . The original music score was composed by John Williams , Hugo Winterhalter composed the theme , and Darren sang the title song . The soundtrack album was released by Colpix Records ( CP 440 ) . Silent film star Billie Dove makes her last film appearance in a brief cameo .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "129a58b15d022d81864f28bc2d44901c", "text": "Howard Kazanjian Howard G. Kazanjian ( born July 26 , 1942 ) is an American film producer known for Raiders of the Lost Ark and Return of the Jedi . Kazanjian is also a former 8-year Vice President of Lucasfilm , Ltd. , and a published non-fiction author .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b95538a900d63c4f1eb4ff3394003ebd", "text": "Algiers (film) Algiers is a 1938 American drama film directed by John Cromwell and starring Charles Boyer , Sigrid Gurie , and Hedy Lamarr . Written by John Howard Lawson , the film is about a notorious French jewel thief hiding in the labyrinthine native quarter of Algiers known as the Casbah . Feeling imprisoned by his self-imposed exile , he is drawn out of hiding by a beautiful French tourist who reminds him of happier times in Paris . The Walter Wanger production was a remake of the successful 1937 French film Pépé le Moko , which derived its plot from the Henri La Barthe novel of the same name . Algiers was a sensation because it was the first Hollywood film starring Hedy Lamarr , whose beauty became the main attraction for film audiences . The film is notable as one of the sources of inspiration to the screenwriters of the 1942 Warner Bros. film Casablanca who wrote it with Hedy Lamarr in mind as the original female lead . Charles Boyer 's depiction of the main character , Pepe Le Moko , inspired the Warner Bros. animated character , Pepé Le Pew . In 1966 , the film entered the public domain ( in the USA ) due to the claimants ' failure to renew its copyright registration in the 28th year after publication .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93acd151d44d7e51ce7acd9f5d23e30d", "text": "Alan Greenberg (film director) Alan Greenberg ( born October 14 , 1950 in New York City , died January 27 , 2015 in Portland , OR ) was an American film director , screenwriter , photographer and author . Greenberg visited Jamaica from a young age , and was a friend of Bob Marley . Following Marley 's death , Marley 's family asked Greenberg to make a film about Marley . In 1981 , Greenberg filmed Land of Look Behind ( 1982 ) , a documentary film that includes footage of Marley 's funeral as well as scenes filmed in Jamaica 's remote Cockpit Country and the capital city of Kingston . The film ended up being more of a visionary portrait of the Jamaica of that period ( focusing on the Rastafari movement and reggae culture ) than a film primarily about Marley . The film has won considerable critical acclaim , as well as winning the Gold Hugo Award for Best Documentary in the Chicago International Film Festival , the U.S. 's largest film competition . Land of Look Behind has also been honored as the best American documentary film of its era , and the legendary filmmaker Werner Herzog says '' ` Land of Look Behind ' has achieved things never seen before in cinema . '' Greenberg worked closely with Werner Herzog on many projects . He served as a special unit photographer on the films Cape Fear '' by Martin Scorsese ( 1991 ) and 1900 , by Bernardo Bertolucci ( 1976 ) . He also wrote twenty screenplays and three books . His book Heart of Glass , about the making of the 1976 Werner Herzog masterwork of the same name , was called `` The best book on the making of a film ever written '' by Rolling Stone magazine . A new and entirely revised edition of the book , entitled , `` EVERY NIGHT THE TREES DISAPPEAR : Werner Herzog and the Making of ` Heart of Glass ' '' was published in hard cover by the Chicago Review Press . It featured Greenberg 's previously-unpublished photographs , which Herzog called `` strange and beautiful . '' '' In 2012 Greenberg was going to write and produce a film based on his acclaimed screenplay `` Love in Vain '' , a poetic account of the mysterious blues genius Robert Johnson . `` Love in Vain '' was also the first screenplay ever published by a major house ( Doubleday ) as literature . Greenberg 's latest screenplay , `` Tutankhamun - Lord of Two Lands '' , a radically researched vision of the Boy King 's murder intertwined with the intrigue surrounding his tomb 's discovery in 1922 , was to have been produced in 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "76103f5f8f1517d5ca86c7c4027fb951", "text": "Scarfies Scarfies ( or Crime 101 in the US release ) is a low-budget 1999 New Zealand film set in the southern university city of Dunedin . The film 's original title comes from the local nickname for university students , scarfie , so called because of the traditional blue and gold scarves worn by students during the city 's cool winters in support of the Otago Rugby Football Union . Scarfies starts off as a light comedy centred on a group of five students who get together after moving into a flat that is seemingly abandoned , but still has the power on , making for free if filthy accommodation . The film twists into something darker part way through , with elements of both black comedy and thriller . The discovery of a large crop of marijuana being grown in the basement leads firstly to euphoria , then paranoia and arguments amongst the flatmates about what will happen when the real owners come back to collect it . When Kevin , the crop 's owner appears , the students , fearing for their lives , lock him in the basement . Events unfold against a backdrop of the city 's biggest sporting event for years , the final of New Zealand 's national rugby championship . Despite the deliberate use of shots focusing on the city 's dowdier and darker elements , much of the film 's photography and soundtrack is an homage to the city , including the use of several Dunedin Sound songs in the soundtrack ( top local band The Clean even make a cameo appearance during the film ) . The film was well-received , described as '' ... the most outlandishly entertaining New Zealand film for years ... '' , and did well at the box-office .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea02884e954c895c2168ccda076745b3", "text": "Where Danger Lives Where Danger Lives is a 1950 film noir thriller directed by John Farrow and starring Robert Mitchum , Faith Domergue and Claude Rains . At the time , Domergue was the latest of Howard Hughes ' proteges .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "37fc246ad14b06cfe5ceb0620a118c1c", "text": "Howard Freeman Howard Freeman ( December 9 , 1899 -- December 11 , 1967 ) was an American stage actor of the early 20th century , and film and television actor of the 1940s through the 1960s . Freeman was born in Helena , Montana , and began working as a stage actor in his 20s . He did not enter the film industry until he was over 40 , in 1942 , when he played a small uncredited role in Inflation . Despite his late start in film acting , Freeman would build himself a fairly substantial career in that field that would last over twenty three years . From 1943 onward he worked on a regular basis , sometimes in uncredited roles , but more often than not in small but credited bit or supporting parts . He appeared in ten films in 1943 , and another eighteen from 1944 through 1945 . In 1946 Freeman would appear in twelve films , the most notable of which was his first film of that year , Abilene Town , starring Randolph Scott and Lloyd Bridges , and California , starring Barbara Stanwyck and Ray Milland . From 1947 through 1950 Freeman appeared in twenty films , and in 1951 he began appearing on numerous television series , which would be his main acting roles for the remainder of his career , lasting into 1965 . He appeared in three episodes of Studio One , along with many other TV series , including Car 54 , Where Are You ? and Route 66 . He retired from film and television acting in 1965 , and settled into retirement in New York City , where he was living at the time of his death on December 11 , 1967 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a1d800f3a58ce0e26dc0d8caddded51", "text": "Goodfellas Goodfellas ( stylized as GoodFellas ) is a 1990 American crime film directed by Martin Scorsese . It is an adaptation of the 1986 non-fiction book Wiseguy by Nicholas Pileggi , who co-wrote the screenplay with Scorsese . The film narrates the rise and fall of mob associate Henry Hill and his friends over a period from 1955 to 1980 . Scorsese initially named the film Wise Guy and postponed making it ; later , he and Pileggi changed the name to Goodfellas . To prepare for their roles in the film , Robert De Niro , Joe Pesci , and Ray Liotta often spoke with Pileggi , who shared research material left over from writing the book . According to Pesci , improvisation and ad-libbing came out of rehearsals wherein Scorsese gave the actors freedom to do whatever they wanted . The director made transcripts of these sessions , took the lines he liked best , and put them into a revised script , which the cast worked from during principal photography . Made on a budget of $ 25 million , Goodfellas grossed $ 46.8 million . It received positive reviews from critics and was nominated for six Academy Awards , including Best Picture and Best Director , with Pesci winning Best Actor in a Supporting Role . The film won five awards from the British Academy of Film and Television Arts , including Best Film and Best Director . Additionally , Goodfellas was named the year 's best film by various critics ' groups . Goodfellas is widely regarded as one of the greatest films in the crime genre . In 2000 , it was deemed `` culturally , historically , and aesthetically significant '' and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry by the United States Library of Congress . Its content and style have been emulated in numerous other films and television shows .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dd6c96a25612f149b770d1631321153c", "text": "Egyptian Theatre Egyptian-style theatres are based on the traditional and historic design elements of Ancient Egypt . The first Egyptian Theatre to be constructed in the US -- which inspired many of the identically-named theatres that followed it -- was Grauman 's Egyptian Theatre in Hollywood , California . For several years , Hollywood developer Charles E. Toberman attempted to convince Sid Grauman to locate in Hollywood . During a meeting , Sid told Mr. Toberman of his desire to build a theatre of Egyptian design . Mr. Toberman then secured a piece of property on Hollywood Boulevard , just east of McCadden Place . The architectural firm of Meyer & Holler were hired to design the theatre . The result was Grauman 's Egyptian Theatre with a seating of 1770 . The approach to the theatre was through a courtyard . Inside , the stage was flanked by carved columns and models of the Sphinx . The theatre was opened on October 19 , 1922 with the grand premiere of `` Robin Hood '' starring Douglas Fairbanks . `` In a 1983 article in Hollywood Studio Magazine , Mike Hughes wrote of the Egyptian : `` A survivor of the decay that unfortunately characterizes the Hollywood Boulevard of today , the Egyptian is a reminder of the glamour that once made the Boulevard famous . Perhaps through the dedicated efforts of such citizens as Bruce Torrence , author of Hollywood : The First 100 Years and grandson of Mr. Charles Toberman , who built the Egyptian , the Hollywood Boulevard of yesteryear will reappear some great day in the future . When that happens , the Egyptian Theatre , jewel that it is , will be there to herald in the new age of film town . '' '' United Artists was the last owner of the Egyptian Theatre before it closed in 1992 . The American Cinematheque purchased the theatre from the city for $ 1 with the provision that this historical landmark would be restored to its original grandeur and re-opened as a movie theatre showcasing the organizations celebrated , public programming . '' The Eldorado Theatre located in Eldorado Amusement Park , Weehawken , New Jersey opened in 1891 and featured ` Egypt Through Centuries ' each evening . The creators of the park , Palisades Amusement and Exhibition Company , published a book titled `` Egypt Through the Centuries '' in 1892 . Many of the other theatres that copied Grauman 's Egyptian Theatre were part of the wave of Egyptian revival architecture that occurred after the November 1922 discovery of King Tut 's tomb by Howard Carter . Unlike the many theatres that followed in its wake , Grauman 's Egyptian Theatre was designed , built , named and opened before the 1922 discovery of King Tut 's tomb . The news of the tomb 's discovery reached the US a few weeks after the theatre opened . Early in the 20th century , it is estimated that up to 100 of these theatre types were constructed across the US . Many of them no longer exist , but there are many fine examples of this style still in use today . Conrad Schmitt Studios has played a big part in the restoration of these atmospheric theatres , including Egyptian Theatres in Park City , Utah , Ogden , Utah , Boise , Idaho , Delta , Colorado , and DeKalb , Illinois .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "49124d13496f80c1bc7a477ce15cc933", "text": "The Untouchable The Untouchable is the fourth studio album by American rapper Scarface . The album was released on March 11 , 1997 , by Rap-a-Lot Records . The album debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 chart for the first time in his career with the album ; in addition it peaked at the top of the Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums chart for two weeks , giving Scarface his second number one album there . The effort included the smash hit single , `` Smile '' , featuring Tupac Shakur , released shortly after the shooting deaths of Tupac and Notorious B.I.G. . It peaked at number 12 on the Billboard Hot 100 and is the only single released by Scarface to go Gold .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ae41a46d092eea2a74c66ab858a136fa", "text": "Howard Smith (actor) Howard Irving Smith ( August 12 , 1893 in Attleboro , Massachusetts -- January 10 , 1968 in Hollywood , California ) was an American character actor with a 50-year career in vaudeville , theatre , radio , films and television . In 1938 he performed in Orson Welles 's short-lived stage production and once-lost film , Too Much Johnson , and in the celebrated radio production , `` The War of the Worlds '' . He portrayed Charley in the original Broadway production of Death of a Salesman and recreated the role in the 1951 film version . On television Smith portrayed the gruff Harvey Griffin in the situation comedy , Hazel .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "58c328b9fa6d3da7b7df398f65d8b39d", "text": "Cal Howard Cal Howard ( March 24 , 1911 -- September 10 , 1993 ) was an American cartoon story artist , animator and director mostly remembered for his work at Walter Lantz and Warner Bros. '' . He was also the voice actor of Gabby Goat .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "354b186210ca90be53b057ad27550a52", "text": "Joyce Howard Joyce Howard ( 28 February 1922 in London -- 23 November 2010 in Santa Monica , California ) was an English actress , writer and film executive . After studying at RADA , she was spotted by film director Anthony Asquith in a play at London 's Embassy Theatre . He cast the 19-year-old in Freedom Radio ( 1941 ) , and starring roles in films followed , including opposite James Mason in The Night Has Eyes and They Met in the Dark , the former winning her rave reviews . She was also active in theatre , including Romeo and Juliet at the Old Vic and in A Streetcar Named Desire . She performed in London throughout World War II , even as Nazis were bombing the city . In 1950 , after 13 films , she more or less retired from acting to raise her three children by actor Basil Sydney . Howard also began a second career as a writer . She wrote three well-received novels , Two Persons Singular ( 1960 ) , A Private View ( 1961 ) and Going On ( 2000 ) . She also wrote plays , including Broken Silence , which was produced by the BBC . After her divorce from Sydney , Howard married American psychoanalyst Joel Shor , and moved to California in 1964 . Although the couple eventually separated , Howard remained in California . To support her family as a single mother , she embarked on a third career as a story analyst for network television . She was promoted to executive and story editor at Paramount Pictures and Paramount TV , eventually becoming responsible for property acquisition and development . She also continued to write for television and wrote original treatments for miniseries The Whiteoaks and Picasso 's Painted Ladies . At the request of Henry Miller 's widow , Howard collated , edited and wrote an introduction to Letters by Henry Miller to Hoki Tokuda Miller ( 1986 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e700a9680540bc1e0014e24e0e0d274", "text": "Hollywood blacklist The Hollywood blacklist -- as the broader entertainment industry blacklist is generally known -- was the practice of denying employment to screenwriters , actors , directors , musicians , and other American entertainment professionals during the mid-20th century because they were accused of having Communist ties or sympathies . Artists were barred from work on the basis of their alleged membership in or sympathy with the Communist Party USA or refusal to assist investigations into the party 's activities . Even during the period of its strictest enforcement , the late 1940s through the late 1950s , the blacklist was rarely made explicit or verifiable , but it directly damaged the careers of scores of individuals working in the film industry . The first systematic Hollywood blacklist was instituted on November 25 , 1947 , the day after ten writers and directors were cited for contempt of Congress for refusing to testify to the House Un-American Activities Committee . A group of studio executives , acting under the aegis of the Association of Motion Picture Producers , fired the artists -- the so-called Hollywood Ten -- and made what has become known as the Waldorf Statement . On June 22 , 1950 , a pamphlet entitled Red Channels was published . Focused on the field of broadcasting , it identified 151 entertainment industry professionals in the context of `` Red Fascists and their sympathizers . '' Soon , most of those named , along with a host of other artists , were barred from employment in most of the entertainment field . The blacklist lasted until 1960 , when Dalton Trumbo , a Communist Party member from 1943 to 1948 and member of the Hollywood Ten , was credited as the screenwriter of the highly successful film Exodus , and later publicly acknowledged by actor Kirk Douglas for writing the screenplay for the movie Spartacus . A number of those blacklisted , however , were still barred from work in their professions for years afterward .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d21b8fa54c4c9bc7e1d8fa2a366ff4cb", "text": "Howard Husock __ NOTOC __ Howard Husock is vice president for policy research at the Manhattan Institute , where he is also director of its Social Entrepreneurship Initiative and a contributing editor to the Institute 's quarterly magazine , City Journal . He is the author of the blog Philanthropy and Society on Forbes.com and author of the book Philanthropy Under Fire . Husock was nominated for the Corporation for Public Broadcasting Board of Directors by President Barack Obama in June 2013 and confirmed by the Senate in August 2013 . From 1987 through 2006 , Husock served as director of case studies in public policy and management at Harvard University 's Kennedy School of Government , where he was also a fellow at the Hauser Center for Nonprofit Organizations . His publications on the nonprofit sector have appeared in The Wall Street Journal , National Affairs , Society Magazine , The Chronicle of Philanthropy , The Public Interest , The New York Times , and the Washington Post . In addition , Husock has written widely on housing and urban policy , including in his book , The Trillion-Dollar Housing Mistake : The Failure of American Housing Policy ( Ivan R. Dee , 2003 ) and his monograph Repairing the Ladder : Toward a New Housing Policy Paradigm ( Reason Foundation , 1996 ) . His work has also appeared in the Journal of Policy Analysis and Management , Philanthropy , and The Wilson Quarterly . Husock is a former broadcast journalist and documentary filmmaker whose work at WGBH-TV in Boston won three Emmy awards . His WGBH series Community Disorder : Racial Violence in Boston ( 1979 ) won the Robert F. Kennedy Journalism award for television . His WGBH credits include The Paterson Project : One City in the Reagan Era ( 1982 ) ; Pat Ewing and an American Dream ( 1981 ) ; Meet Tom Menino ( 1983 ) ; The World Halfball Tournament ( 1983 ) and America 's First School : 350 Years at Boston Latin ( 1984 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "87ce610d7570000eae589c93e1a805ce", "text": "Howard Sprague Howard Sprague is a fictional character on the CBS television sitcom The Andy Griffith Show ( TAGS ) , and its spin-off Mayberry R.F.D. . He was played by Jack Dodson from 1966-71 . He was characterized by his milquetoast demeanor , moustache , bow ties , and a penchant for philosophy and culture . Howard was a repressed Mother 's boy who lived with his overbearing and manipulative mother , played by Mabel Albertson . ( TAGS , `` The County Clerk '' , episode # 185 ) . He appeared as the county clerk during the later color episodes of The Andy Griffith Show ( and continued onto Mayberry R.F.D. ) . While Jack Dodson made an earlier appearance as an insurance agent named Ed Jenkins ( TAGS , `` Lost and Found '' , episode 178 ) , he first appeared as Howard in the sixth season ( TAGS , `` The County Clerk '' , episode # 185 . ) This was not unusual on the show : other TAGS regulars were first introduced with different names : Hope Summers , who played Clara Edwards , first appeared as Bertha Johnson ; Goober Pyle was first called Goober Beasley ; and Arlene Golonka , who played Millie Swanson , was introduced as Millie Hutchins . Due to his upbringing , Howard was socially stymied , especially when it came to dating . His mother even tried to thwart a double date he had with Sheriff Andy Taylor , Helen Crump , and a nurse , by feigning heart palpitations ( TAGS , `` The County Clerk '' , episode # 185 ) . Later , when Howard was about to join a men 's social club , his mother manipulated Goober Pyle with a sob story in an attempt to blackball his membership ( TAGS , `` The Lodge '' , episode # 192 ) . Opie once said Howard threw a baseball `` just like Aunt Bee '' . When his mother remarried and moved to Mount Pilot , Howard sought to metamorphosize into a swinging hipster ( TAGS , `` The Wedding '' , episode # 246 ) . Wearing a smoking jacket and ascot , his plain home became a mod bachelor pad , with threshold-beads , and floor pillows . In the episode `` Howard 's New Life '' , he tried to recreate himself by moving to a Caribbean island ( St. Benedict 's ) to become a beachcomber . Bored , he soon returned to Mayberry and resumed his drab bureaucratic job . Howard 's brief love interest/fiancee on The Andy Griffith Show was Millie Swanson ( Arlene Golonka ) , a character who later dated Sam Jones ( Ken Berry ) on the spin-off series Mayberry R.F.D. Millie and Howard soon realized their incompatibility and mutually agreed to dissolve the relationship right before they were to wed. . Despite his awkwardness , Howard proved to be quite a sportsman . He caught `` Old Sam '' , the much coveted legendary fish in Tucker 's Lake , thus antagonizing the town 's seasoned anglers ( TAGS , `` Big Fish In A Small Town '' , episode # 198 ) . He also proved to be an excellent bowler , after joining Emmett Clark 's bowling team and astonishing everyone by scoring a perfect game ( TAGS , `` Howard The Bowler '' , episode # 224 ) . Howard even parachuted from an airplane to appease a thrill-seeking lady friend ( Mayberry RFD , `` Howard 's Hobby '' , episode # 18 ) . Howard had two brushes with stardom . First he appeared on the `` Colonel Tims Talent Time '' television show performing his stand-up comedy act , which consisted of personal affronts to his neighbors and `` one-horse '' jokes about Mayberry , causing him to be temporarily snubbed by the townsfolk ( TAGS , `` Howard The Comedian '' , episode # 216 ) . Mayberry city council once sent him with Emmett Clark to a New York City TV station to promote traditional , small town values . Howard soon did a backspin and became an unabashed New Yorker , replete with a loud , paisley Nehru suit and hair bangs ( Mayberry RFD , `` The Panel '' , episode 6 ) . In the 1986 television movie Return to Mayberry , Howard was revisited ( along with most of the surviving cast ) . In a funk about aging , the clerk was seen throughout the movie in various hues of hair color . He appeared in character on It 's Garry Shandling 's Show in the 1990 episode ` The Day Howard Moved In ' .", "title": "" } ]	fever
c93c04b75b1358adbba794a9dc088db3	The X Factor is a TV show.	[ { "docid": "38e7d150e94e5ea9d7b59d494efb44d5", "text": "ITV (TV network) ITV is a commercial TV network in the United Kingdom . Launched in 1955 as Independent Television under the auspices of the Independent Television Authority ( ITA , then after the Sound Broadcasting Act 1972 , Independent Broadcasting Authority , now Ofcom ) to provide competition to the long established BBC , it is also the oldest commercial network in the UK . Since the passing of the Broadcasting Act 1990 its legal name has been Channel 3 , to distinguish it from the other analogue channels at the time , namely BBC 1 , BBC 2 and Channel 4 . In part , the number 3 was assigned as television sets would usually be tuned so that the regional ITV station would be on the third button , with the other stations being allocated to the number within their name . ITV is a network of television channels that operate regional television services as well as sharing programmes between each other to be displayed on the entire network . In recent years , several of these companies have merged so currently the fifteen franchises are in the hands of two companies . The ITV network is to be distinguished from ITV plc , the company that resulted from the merger of Granada plc and Carlton Communications in 2004 and which holds the Channel 3 broadcasting licences in England , Wales , southern Scotland , the Isle of Man , the Channel Islands and Northern Ireland . With the exception of Northern Ireland , the ITV brand is the brand used by ITV plc for the Channel 3 service in these areas . In Northern Ireland , ITV plc uses the brand name UTV . STV Group plc , uses the STV brand for its two franchises of central and northern Scotland .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "202aeb08f7f7b0715889469d7b5ac257", "text": "ITV HD ITV HD is a British free-to-air high-definition television channel operated by ITV plc , the company which is contracted to provide 11 ITV services across the UK . ITV HD is available to view in England , Wales and the Scottish Borders on Freesat via channel 111 , Freeview channel 103 , Sky channel 178 , Virgin Media channel 113 and in Switzerland on SwisscomTV . From 2 April 2010 , ITV HD became a standard channel available on all digital platforms .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "332811cf81aab41f26d548f4e2ccdf3e", "text": "STV (TV channel) STV is a television channel serving the majority of Scotland . It operates the two Channel 3 Network licenses in northern and central Scotland , formerly known as Grampian Television ( now legally STV North ) and Scottish Television ( now legally STV Central ) . The brand was adopted on Tuesday 30 May 2006 replacing both franchises ' identities . In 2013 , STV won licences to launch local TV channels in Glasgow and Edinburgh . STV Glasgow launched on 2 June 2014 , with STV Edinburgh following on 12 January 2015 . From 24 April 2017 , the city channels were rebranded as `` STV2 '' and are now operated in combination with new franchises centred on Aberdeen , Dundee and Ayr .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "84fe8f7f94898cbefc76dff14f76e5d1", "text": "The X Factor (UK series 7) The X Factor is a British television music competition to find new singing talent . The seventh series started on ITV on 21 August 2010 and ended on 12 December 2010 . The winner was Matt Cardle and his debut single `` When We Collide '' was released after the final . Cardle was mentored throughout by Dannii Minogue , who won as mentor for the second time . A total of 15,448,019 votes were cast throughout the series . It was presented by Dermot O'Leary , with spin-off show The Xtra Factor presented by Konnie Huq on ITV2 , who took over from Holly Willoughby . The competition was split into several stages : auditions , bootcamp , judges ' houses and live shows . Auditions took place throughout June and July 2010 , with Simon Cowell , Louis Walsh and Cheryl Cole returning as judges . Minogue missed the auditions and bootcamp due to being on maternity leave , so Geri Halliwell , Natalie Imbruglia , Katy Perry , Pixie Lott and Nicole Scherzinger were brought in as guest judges . Cole missed the auditions in Manchester and bootcamp because she had malaria . Following bootcamp , successful acts were split into four categories : Boys ( male soloists aged 16 to 28 ) , Girls ( female soloists aged 16 to 28 ) , Over 28s ( soloists aged 29 and over ) and Groups . Minogue and Cole returned for the judges ' houses stage , and each judge mentored eight acts through judges ' houses . The live shows started on 9 October 2010 . Four acts eliminated at judges ' houses were brought back as wildcards , making this the first series to have 16 acts perform in the live shows . This was the first series of the show to be filmed in high definition , and was simulcast on ITV1 HD and STV HD . From October , The Xtra Factor was also shown in high definition , simulcast on the new channel ITV2 HD . It was sponsored by TalkTalk in the United Kingdom and Dominos Pizza in Ireland . This series proved to be highly controversial , with many people complaining about the use of pitch correction software on the broadcast of contestants ' auditions , the decision to form two groups out of rejected soloists , the rejection of popular contestant Gamu Nhengu at judges ' houses and Cole 's failure to vote to eliminate an act in week 5 of the live shows . Controversy also surrounded contestants Shirlena Johnson , who was axed over fears for her mental health , and Treyc Cohen , who was reported to already have a record deal when the live shows started . There were also accusations of fixing , which were denied by the show 's producers . It was the most watched series to date , with an average of 14.13 million viewers per episode . The final was watched by 17.71 million people , making it the highest rated television episode of 2010 in the UK .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e927d1c746028d194f0fba611a884201", "text": "The X Factor (UK TV series) The X Factor is a British reality television music competition to find new singing talent . The contestants are aspiring singers drawn from public auditions . Created by Simon Cowell , the show began in 2004 and has since aired annually from August/September until December . The show is produced by FremantleMedia 's Thames ( previously Talkback Thames ) and Cowell 's production company Syco TV . It is broadcast on the ITV network in the UK and simulcast on TV3 in Ireland . `` X Factor '' refers to the undefinable `` something '' that makes for star quality . The series consists of auditions , bootcamp , judges ' houses , several weeks of live shows , semi-finals and the final . The series had a spin-off behind-the-scenes show called The Xtra Factor , which aired directly after the main show on ITV2 . This lasted from series 1 until series 13 when it was cancelled by ITV in January 2017 . The original judging panel consisted of Louis Walsh , Sharon Osbourne and Cowell . In 2005 Paula Abdul joined the show as a guest judge whilst Osbourne was away then joined the panel in 2006 for three sets of auditions . Brian Friedman replaced Walsh in series 4 , which also saw Dannii Minogue join the panel . Friedman left during the auditions and Walsh replaced Friedman . Cheryl Cole replaced Osbourne in series 5 . Gary Barlow , Kelly Rowland and Tulisa joined the panel in series 8 as replacements for Cowell , Minogue , and Cole . Rowland left before series 9 and was replaced by Nicole Scherzinger . Osbourne returned to the panel in series 10 , replacing Tulisa . Cowell and Cole ( now Fernandez-Versini ) returned to replace Barlow and Osbourne in series 11 , while Mel B replaced Scherzinger . In series 12 , Mel B and Walsh were replaced by Rita Ora and Nick Grimshaw . In series 13 , Walsh , Osbourne and Scherzinger returned , replacing Grimshaw , Fernandez-Versini and Ora . The first three series were presented by Kate Thornton , then from the fourth to 11th series , the show was presented by Dermot O'Leary , he then returned from the 13th series . In series 12 , the show was presented by Caroline Flack and Olly Murs . Also , in series 10 , Flack served as a backstage presenter during the Saturday night live shows . Roman Kemp will begin serving as the digital presenter of the show in series 13 . The show is split into different stages , following the contestants from auditions through to the final . In the original televised audition stage of the show , contestants sang in an audition room in front of just the judges , but from the sixth series onwards , auditionees sing on a stage in front of the judges and a live audience . In series 10 and 11 , both auditions formats were used . In series 12 , the room auditions were scrapped , leaving just the arena auditions . The room auditions were revived in series 13 , and no arena auditions followed . Successful auditionees go through to `` bootcamp '' and then to `` judges ' houses '' , where judges narrow down the acts in their category down to three or four acts to mentor for the live shows , where the public vote for their favourite acts following weekly live performances by the contestants . There have been 13 winners of the show to date : Steve Brookstein , Shayne Ward , Leona Lewis , Leon Jackson , Alexandra Burke , Joe McElderry , Matt Cardle , Little Mix , James Arthur , Sam Bailey , Ben Haenow , Louisa Johnson and Matt Terry . Winners receive a recording contract with record label Syco Music with a stated value of # 1 million . This includes a cash payment to the winner , but the majority is allocated to marketing and recording costs . From 2004 to 2010 , and again in 2013 and 2014 , the winning contestant 's single was released in time for the end-of-year chart battle for the UK 's Christmas number one , with all of them ( bar McElderry in 2009 and Terry in 2016 ) reaching the top spot . As of November 2016 , 41 number-one singles have been achieved by artists who have appeared on the show , such as Lewis , Burke , JLS , Olly Murs , Cher Lloyd , One Direction and Little Mix . The show is the originator of the international The X Factor franchise . A prominent show in British popular culture , The X Factor has proved hugely popular with the public . The sixth series attracted 200,000 auditionees and peaked at 19.7 million UK viewers ( a 63.2 % audience share ) . More than 10 million votes were cast in the sixth series final .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "1c4d1cd026b3061c35c55bd465fe9a01", "text": "List of The X Factor finalists (U.S. season 3) The third and final season of The X Factor airing on Fox on September 11 , 2013 and ended on December 19 , 2013 . Paulina Rubio mentored the boys , Demi Lovato mentored the girls , Kelly Rowland mentored the over 25s and Simon Cowell mentored the groups . The winner Alex & Sierra , securing a $ 1 million recording contract with Sony Music and Simon Cowell 's record label Syco Records .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5f72d5d57abc102bb2fe31c32faba2eb", "text": "Panel show A panel show or panel game is a radio or television game show in which a panel of celebrities participates . Participants may compete with each other , such as on The News Quiz ; facilitate play by non-celebrity contestants , such as on Match Game/Blankety Blank ; or do both , such as on Wait Wait Do n't Tell Me . The genre can be traced to 1938 , when Information Please debuted on U.S. radio . The earliest known television panel show is Play the Game , a charades show in 1946 . The modern trend of comedy panel shows can find early roots with Stop Me If You 've Heard This One in 1939 and Can You Top This ? in 1940 . While panel shows were more popular in the past in the U.S. , they are still very common in the United Kingdom .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca7a94816743e41c5483f357c134591f", "text": "Strip Search (TV series) Strip Search is a reality television series , first broadcast in 2001 . The series follows the search for a new troupe of male strippers from audition to the final live show . First broadcast in New Zealand in 2001 , versions have been made in Australia , the United Kingdom , Germany , Canada and the United States . The format is virtually identical in each series : men are invited to audition for the show , and during a number of tasks , including a boot camp , the numbers are whittled down until the final troupe perform for a live audience . The original New Zealand troupe was called `` Kiwi Fire '' . In the same vein , the Australian troupe was called `` Aussie Storm '' , the UK troupe was named `` UK Storm '' , the Canadian group was dubbed `` Canadian Thunder '' and the American troupe was named `` American Storm '' . The series was masterminded by Billy Cross , an Australian entrepreneur who had success on the Las Vegas Strip with an Australian troupe entitled `` Manpower '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a14f99c0471bbc96e617684c28157b0", "text": "Mel B Melanie Janine Brown ( born 29 May 1975 ) , better known as Mel B or Melanie B , is an English singer , songwriter , presenter , television personality , dancer , actress , author , and model . Brown rose to fame as a member of the girl group the Spice Girls , in which she became known as Scary Spice . Brown is also known for supporting girl power and earlier global tours , which grossed an estimated $ 500 -- 800 million between 1996 and 2000 . Brown began her solo career when she released `` I Want You Back '' with Missy Elliott on Virgin Records . The single charted at number one on the UK Singles Chart , followed by the release of her debut album , Hot ( 2000 ) . The album also saw the release of two top 10 singles `` Tell Me '' and `` Feels So Good '' . L.A. State of Mind was Brown 's second studio album , released in 2005 on the independent label Amber Café , which saw the release of one single , `` Today '' in June that year . In mid-2012 , Brown announced a return to her solo recording career with the release of her third studio album by signing with EMI Music Australia . The scope of the deal with EMI office includes concessions for global partnering with EMI . The first single from the album , `` For Once in My Life '' was released in September 2013 , becoming Brown 's first record to be released after eight years . Since 2000 , Brown has concentrated on a variety of non-singing projects . She became the presenter of shows such as This Is My Moment , Top of the Pops , Party in the Park and The All Star Animal Awards . In September 2007 , she became a contestant on the fifth season of the American dance competition , Dancing with the Stars ; in which she placed runner-up overall partnered with Maksim Chmerkovskiy . Brown returned to television work becoming a judge for the Australian version of The X Factor from 2011 to 2012 , replacing Kyle Sandilands and having previously been a celebrity mentor on the show in 2010 . In June 2012 , she was a guest judge during the Manchester auditions for the ninth series of The X Factor UK , as one of the temporary replacements for Kelly Rowland ; before the role eventually went to Nicole Scherzinger . She later joined The X Factor UK for its eleventh series in 2014 . During this time she became the female co-host for Dancing with the Stars Australia , in which she hosted the twelfth season alongside Daniel MacPherson . However , Brown resigned from the show and did not return for the thirteenth season in 2013 . In February that year , she officially signed on to become one of the four judges for the variety talent show America 's Got Talent , replacing Sharon Osbourne from the eighth season onwards . On 1 February 2014 , she was revealed to be a coach on The Voice Kids in Australia , which aired in mid-2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cc2086e64c7da61244002a9c924b360a", "text": "Nick Grimshaw Nicholas Peter Andrew `` Nick '' Grimshaw ( born 14 August 1984 ) is an English television and radio presenter . He is best known for having hosted a variety of shows on BBC Radio 1 and has been host of The Radio 1 Breakfast Show since 2012 . He is also known for his Channel 4 roles in T4 and The Album Chart Show . In 2015 , he was a judge on the twelfth series of The X Factor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3fb99f03e6708d8864240db658d72860", "text": "So You Think You Can Dance (UK TV series) So You Think You Can Dance was a televised dance competition and reality show that launched in the United Kingdom in January 2010 with a format based on an American show by the same name . The show was broadcast on BBC One . The presentation of the show is similar to that of the Pop Idol series of singing competitions . The show focuses not only on the dancers ' talent , but also showcases new works by notable choreographers , crafted specifically for the dancers and the show .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "09f12256b203b44d0bb6d25e5a81b181", "text": "Neil Fox (broadcaster) Neil Andrew Howe Fox ( born 12 June 1961 in Harrow , Middlesex ) is an English radio DJ and television presenter , known for many years as Dr Fox before he became `` Foxy '' in the 2000s . He is now known simply as Neil Fox . He was a judge on Pop Idol between 2001 and 2003 alongside Simon Cowell , Pete Waterman and Nicki Chapman .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be2af1170ecafe94044e02a20f55be6c", "text": "Brit Award for British Breakthrough Act The Brit Award for British Breakthrough Act is an award given by the British Phonographic Industry ( BPI ) , an organisation which represents record companies and artists in the United Kingdom . The accolade is presented at the Brit Awards , an annual celebration of British and international music . The winners and nominees are determined by the BRIT Awards voting academy with over 1,000 members , which comprise record labels , publishers , managers , agents , media , and previous winners and nominees . The award was first presented in 1977 as two awards as `` British Male Newcomer '' and `` British Female Newcomer '' which were won by Graham Parker and Julie Covington . When the Brit Awards was held for the second time in 1982 , the awards `` British Male Newcomer '' and `` British Female Newcomer '' became joint as one award for both male and female acts as well introducing groups acts to award . The first award for the joint `` British Newcomer '' was won by The Human League . In 2003 the award was renamed to `` British Breakthrough Act '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a59a3c72322b9922d92eafcbff199157", "text": "Avenue (band) Avenue were an English boy band . They participated in the third series of The X Factor in 2006 and initially made it to the final 12 , but were banned from participation for having been specifically formed for the competition and having professional representation . They continued to proclaim their innocence . After leaving The X Factor , they stayed together and had brief success with the single `` Last Goodbye '' , which reached the UK top 50 . After the split , Max George went on to become a member of the British-Irish boyband The Wanted , releasing a number of top 5 hits , two official UK number ones , and three top 10 albums . Jamie Tinkler left to form the indie band Baxter , and his replacement in Avenue , Andy Brown , went on to be the lead singer of Lawson , who have released five top 10 singles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5290a212b3cd6a67e765077636c46baa", "text": "Glavnaya Stsena Glavnaya Stsena ( Russian : Главная сцена ; meaning `` Main Scene '' ) , is the third Russian version of the international vocal talent show X Factor . All participants pass through the public auditions . The top prize is a personal tour across Russia . Main judge Arthur Gasparyan also announced that finalists would have a chance of taking part in the Eurovision selection process , to represent Russia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2935e97610ca0685db64810d078fbb3c", "text": "The X Factor: Ji Qing Chang Xiang The X Factor : Ji Qing Chang Xiang was a Chinese version of the reality talent show The X Factor . It was broadcast on Liaoning Television in 2011 and 2012 . The broadcasting rights in China were later purchased by Hunan Television as The X Factor : Zhongguo Zui Qiang Yin in 2013 . The first season debuted on 28 July 2011 . Judges were Angie Chai Chih-ping , Aduo and Chen Yufan , and it was hosted by Da Zuo and Shao Wenjie . In the final live show held on 30 September 2011 , the winner was Li Shangshang . Ji Qing Chang Xiang Category : Chinese reality television series Category : Chinese music television series Category :2011 Chinese television series debuts Category :2012 Chinese television series endings Category : Television series by FremantleMedia", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fb8c9851664b2b6d0d52e6abf3ed3a23", "text": "BBC Introducing BBC Introducing is the brand for new music programmes across the BBC radio stations , showcasing unsigned , self-signed and other emerging musical talent primarily from the UK . Launched in 2007 the Introducing brand brings programming from across the BBC under a unified brand with each show retaining its own identity . Introducing has also been extended to the BBC 's stages at major festivals such as Glastonbury . Introducing shows can now be found on most BBC Radio stations from national to local . In 2010 BBC Introducing was awarded the best new platform to discover music at the BT Digital Music Awards . In May 2011 , BBC Introducing won the Gold award for Best Use of Multiplatform at the Sony Radio Academy Awards . Since 5 January 2013 , every BBC Local Radio station across England and the Channel Islands broadcasts a BBC Introducing programme at 8pm on Saturday evenings .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c645af707d306eaef5a72ccfc040b86b", "text": "James Arthur James Andrew Arthur ( born 2 March 1988 ) is a British singer and songwriter who won the ninth series of The X Factor in 2012 . His debut single , `` Impossible '' , was released by Syco Music after the final and debuted at number one on the UK Singles Chart in its first week of release . Since then , it has gone on to sell over 1.4 million copies in the UK , making it the most successful winner 's single in the show 's history and has sold over 2.5 million copies worldwide . The follow-up single `` You 're Nobody 'til Somebody Loves You '' reached number 2 on the UK Singles Chart . He released his self-titled debut studio album in November 2013 . The album debuted and peaked at number two on the UK Albums Chart . After the release of his debut studio album James Arthur , he was involved in a series of controversies . This led iTunes to offer refunds for the album . The single release `` Recovery '' made to number 19 , while the sales for the fourth single `` Get Down '' hardly made the top 100 . Arthur parted ways with Simon Cowell 's record label Syco in 2014 . In 2015 , he signed a new deal with Columbia Records to release his second studio album in 2016 , titled Back from the Edge . Arthur was also re-signed to Syco in 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9312b0127b36a8db33c7b5c05b21abae", "text": "Got Talent Got Talent is a British talent show television format conceived and owned by Simon Cowell 's SYCOtv company . A pilot was made in the United Kingdom in 2005 , hosted by Paul O'Grady , but after O'Grady 's split with ITV , the series was postponed , resulting in NBC 's America 's Got Talent -- the first full series of the format . It has spawned spin-offs in over 58 countries ( as of April 2014 ) , in what is now referred to as the ` Got Talent ' format , similar to that described by FremantleMedia of the Idol and The X Factor formats . Unlike those shows , Got Talent showcases several artistic disciplines in addition to singing . In April 2014 , the format was named the world 's most successful reality TV format ever by the Guinness World Records .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bac419a3ec68304d8c3e0e4574b5e986", "text": "X Factor (Bulgaria) X Factor is the Bulgarian version of The X Factor , a show originating from the United Kingdom . It is a television music talent show contested by aspiring pop singers drawn from public auditions . The show 's inaugural season aired in 2011 on Nova Television .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9cfe26ed51158bb2155154eac4357720", "text": "VH1 (UK and Ireland) VH1 is a specialist music television channel from Viacom International Media Networks Europe . The channel broadcasts to the United Kingdom and Ireland . The channel is based on the original VH1 American channel of the same name . The channel launched across Europe on 10 October 1994 . As of late 2010 and early 2011 , VH1 no longer airs promos for its own programming but instead cross-promotes sister channels such as MTV and MTV Music .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "04b138db704e979e20502f8ba2ea9289", "text": "Top Model Top Model or Next Top Model is a fashion-themed reality television show format produced in many countries throughout the world and seen in over 120 countries producing over 200 seasons ( referred to as `` cycles '' ) . The show takes the form of a modeling competition whose winners typically receive a contract with a major modeling agency and a cover shoot and fashion photo spread in a fashion magazine . The format was created by Tyra Banks for the original series , America 's Next Top Model which was first aired in 2003 , produced by Ken Mok 's 10 by 10 Entertainment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "13ee10894f97ec3ecbe9fb09d14965d7", "text": "The Voice of Germany The Voice of Germany is a German reality talent show that premiered on 24 November 2011 on ProSieben and Sat .1 . Based on the reality singing competition The Voice of Holland , the series was created by the Dutch television producer John de Mol . It is part of The Voice , an international series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ff19626b005a28e47efbd9d13ac69e78", "text": "X Factor (French TV series) X Factor is a Franco-Belgian television music talent show to find new singing talent after public auditions , intermediate tests , and live shows . The first series was broadcast on Mondays , from September to December 2009 , on W9 ( France ) and RTL-TVI ( Belgium ) . The second and final series was broadcast on Tuesdays , from March to June 2011 , on M6 and RTL-TVI .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "50ded65cdd53daa9bb8f271381855a1a", "text": "X Factor (Italian TV series) X Factor is a TV show which airs on prime time in Italy . The singing competition is the Italian version of Britain 's The X Factor . It was hosted until the Season 4 by Francesco Facchinetti , its judges in the first two series ( 2008 and 2008 -- 2009 ) were the musical producer Mara Maionchi , TV host Simona Ventura and the singer-songwriter Morgan . In series 3 ( late 2009 ) , former actress/singer-turned-music producer Claudia Mori replaced Ventura as a judge . Series 4 ( 2010 ) faced several changes . The categories were merged into four , the same as the UK version ( 25 + , Groups , Boys and Girls ) . The judging panel was changed : ( Mara Maionchi continued and Claudia Mori and Morgan were replaced , respectively , by singer and musician Elio , singer-songwriter Enrico Ruggeri and pop singer Anna Tatangelo . Series 5 ( 2011 ) faced important changes : the show has been aired since 2011 by pay-TV Sky Uno HD , the entertainment-purposed channel of Sky Italy , owned by News Corporation . The host is the former MTV veejay Alessandro Cattelan . Elio was the only judge from the fourth series to return . Mara Maionchi , Enrico Ruggeri and Anna Tatangelo were replaced by new judge Arisa , and former judges Morgan and Simona Ventura . All four judges and host had been confirmed in series 6 ( 2012 ) . In series 7 ( 2013 ) , the judging panel was changed with Mika replacing Arisa . Series 8 ( 2014 ) saw another change to the judging panel : Simona Ventura and Elio were replaced , respectively , by TV host and former MTV veejay Victoria Cabello and rapper Fedez . Series 9 ( 2015 ) started airing in September 2015 : the judging panel faced some changes : Morgan and Victoria Cabello were replaced by Elio ( judge from series 4 to series 7 ) , and Skin . Series 10 ( 2016 ) will start airing in September 2016 : the judging panel will face some changes , as all of Skin , Mika and Elio all left the panel , allowing room for three other judges . Arisa is returning to the panel , after a three-year break , and the show will welcome two new judges , Alvaro Soler and Manuel Agnelli . Meanwhile , the only returning judge from last series , Fedez , will return for his third series . The winners of the first edition were the Vocal Group Aram Quartet . Giusy Ferreri , the runner-up of the show , has become one of the most successful female singers in Italy . The winner of the second edition was Matteo Becucci ( 25 + years ) , while Noemi came to major success between the Italian public ; the third edition was won by Marco Mengoni . The three series have been won by acts mentored by Morgan . Elio has token the title in the fourth season with Nathalie Giannitrapani . The fifth edition has been won by Francesca Michielin . The sixth has been won by Chiara Galiazzo followed by Michele Bravi during the seventh , and Lorenzo Fragola during the 8th season and Giosada during the 9th season and Soul System during the 10th season", "title": "" } ]	fever
aff4e87fe29a102d845604304a12fd8c	Kim Kardashian was in Time Magazine.	[ { "docid": "8d0249955f08fa0e3d7a8efce02cafc2", "text": "Kim Kardashian Kimberly `` Kim '' Kardashian West ( born Kimberly Noel Kardashian ; October 21 , 1980 ) is an American reality television personality , socialite , actress , businesswoman and model . Kardashian first gained media attention as a friend and stylist of Paris Hilton , but received wider notice after a 2003 sex tape with her former boyfriend Ray J was leaked in 2007 . Later that year , she and her family began to appear in the E! reality television series Keeping Up with the Kardashians . Its success soon led to the creation of spin-offs including Kourtney and Kim Take New York and Kourtney and Khloé Take Miami . Kardashian 's personal life soon became subject to widespread media attention . In recent years , Kardashian has grown an influential online and social media presence , including tens of millions of followers on Twitter and Instagram . She has released a variety of products tied to her name , including the successful 2014 mobile game Kim Kardashian : Hollywood , a variety of clothing and products , and the 2015 photo book Selfish . Her relationship with rapper Kanye West has also received significant media coverage ; the couple married in 2014 and they have two children together . Time magazine included Kardashian on their list of 2015 's 100 most influential people , while Vogue described her in 2016 as a `` pop culture phenomenon . '' Critics and admirers have described her as exemplifying the notion of being famous for being famous . She was reported to be the highest-paid reality television personality of 2015 , with her total earnings exceeding US$ 53 million .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "455e715c4f05d3549020a743ce519d72", "text": "Kiss (Irish magazine) Kiss ( stylised as KISS ) was an Irish magazine aimed at a teenage market containing knowledge about adolescent matters such as fashion advice , confessions , features on teenage cultural icons , relationship advice and problem pages with solutions especially designed for teenage readers . It is part of the VIP publishing franchise of Michael O'Doherty . Kiss was launched on 31 October 2002 as the first of O'Doherty 's solo business ventures . He had previously engaged in a number of co-ordinated business ventures in Ireland with his former business partner John Ryan ; Kiss succeeded the co-owned establishments of Magill in 1997 and VIP in 1999 and preceded later titles such as the glossy monthly targeted at women in the age group of eighteen to thirty-four Stellar and the failed New York Dog venture in New York City . Kiss is published at 2-4 Ely Place in Dublin 2 . Kiss '' 's rivals are the United Kingdom 's Bliss and Sugar . Upon its launch Kiss was lauded in the Irish media for its attempts to contribute to a more liberal and sexualised Ireland , one where the influence of the Roman Catholic Church had declined dramatically in the preceding decade . Only three decades previously , such teenage-oriented magazines were much more reserved in their content and approach and even the titles , i.e. Jackie and Blue Jeans , were not as outspoken as the word `` kiss '' in capitalised letters . Kiss was launched by O'Doherty 's publishing company as a response to the increasing popularity of similar , albeit British-based , publications such as Bliss and Sugar . It launched on 31 October 2002 , at the original ( much-deflated by current standards ) price of $ 2.50 and aimed at female readers between the ages of fourteen and seventeen . The first issue featured heavily its mantra of dealing with teenage problems , including articles on school bullying and the difficulties of blushing , written in a `` chatty and informative '' manner so as not to `` patronise '' the target audience . However O'Doherty is adamant that his magazine will not encourage young children to `` sleep with their boyfriends by providing How-To-Pleasure-Your-Fella features '' . To supplement its tone Kiss employs experts on what teenagers consider fashionable , with its so-called `` agony aunt '' being Sarah Scully , a child psychologist in Saint James 's Hospital , Dublin . Upon its launch the magazine was edited by Susan Vasquez , now editor of O'Doherty 's Stellar '' . The magazine is currently edited by Nathalie Màrquez Courtney . Kiss published its last issue in September 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e2354532d09b144072b53ca0eb58e66a", "text": "JazzTimes JazzTimes is an American magazine devoted to jazz . Published 10 times a year , it was founded in Washington , D.C. in 1970 by Ira Davidson Sabin ( born 1928 ) as a newsletter called Radio Free Jazz . Sabine founded Radio Free Jazz to complement his Washington , D.C. record store that he founded in 1962 . As a newsletter , it informed consumers of the latest jazz releases and provided jazz broadcasters with news and backstories related to playlists .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f5f9f917b379ee1d416bfd50f24c0e50", "text": "Transsexual News Telegraph The Transsexual News Telegraph was a quarterly news and topics magazine published in United States from 1991 to 2002 . TNT covers often portrayed Trans Identities or Art and the back covers were usually a piece of graphic art with a thought provoking theme . TNT originally was published as Rites of Passage , the official publication of the New Womens Conference , with Anne Ogborn as the editor . It began as a magazine for the then nascent post op movement . After two issues the magazine came under the editorship of Gail Sondegaard , changed its name to Transsexual News Telegraph , and ceased being officially tied to the New Womens Conference . TNT continued to be published approximately quarterly until 2002 . In 1999 Katharine Collins joined the paper as Art Director . She and Gail Sondegaard continued publishing until 2002 , when publication ceased . The magazine was published in 8 1/2 × 11 format saddle stitched 48 pages over most of its life . After 1998 publication became less frequent and the publication grew thicker . TNT always had a strong anti Neo-colonization medical emphasis , and featured many articles on trans related art and cultural events , reviews of relevant movies , as well as `` News On The March '' , a section of transsexual related news . For a description of TNT content see the commentary following the article at bottom of this page . Never with a very large subscriber base , the magazine had more influence because of its status as a tool for discussions among trans activists during the emergence of the Transgenderism Transgender Rights Movement . In the mid 1990s TNT began organizing issues of the magazine around specific topics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a52930cd6c7f87e96e95a27a2918d791", "text": "Time Matters Time Matters is practice management software , produced by LexisNexis which was purchased by Reed Elsevier in March , 2004 . It differs from contact management software such as ACT ! or GoldMine because in addition to contacts , it manages calendaring , email , documents , research , billing , accounting , and matters or projects . It integrates with a variety of other software products from both LexisNexis and other vendors . Some of these vendors are Quicken , Microsoft , Palm , Mozilla , Corel , and Adobe . Developed originally for law firms , Time Matters competes with Gavel , Amicus , Tabs , and other legal practice management products . It also may be used in conjunction with Document modelling and Document assembly software products like HotDocs and Deal Builder . Time Matters was developed by DATA.TXT Corporation originally of Coral Gables , Florida , later of Cary , North Carolina ( Cary is part of the Research Triangle Area of Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill ... the `` Silicon Valley of the East '' ) . Since its inception , DATA.TXT Corporation focused on making Time Matters an all-encompassing professional office software package , providing Calendar , Tickler , Contact , Matter , Document , and Messaging Management for personal computers and networks of all sizes . Founded in December 1989 by Robert Butler who was later joined as co-founder by Kevin Stilwell in 1992 , the entire management and programming staff that began Time Matters ' development in 1989 remained on the team until 2004 , providing continuity and reliability rarely seen in software developed for specialized markets . Time Matters became the number one seller of this type of Windows legal software , with nearly 60,000 users of the Windows version in all 50 US States , plus additional users in Canada , Europe , the Caribbean , Australia and New Zealand , Africa , and Southeast Asia . Time Matters for Windows has been shipping since 1994 ( The DOS version of Time Matters started shipping in 1989 ) . Time Matters was previously available in three editions : Professional , Enterprise , and World . The Enterprise edition used Microsoft SQL Server as its database engine . Time Matters Browser Edition ( formerly World Edition ) served up Time Matters in Web browsers for remote access to a law firm 's data . An international network of Certified Independent Consultants ( `` CICs '' ) support , train , and customize this product for end users . Time Matters Professional , discontinued with the release of Time Matters 10.0 in 2009 , was based on the TPS file system developed by Softvelocity . Time Matters Enterprise , now simply Time Matters , is based on SQL for its database and currently is limited to Microsoft SQL Server and SQL Express ( also from Microsoft ) . None of the open-source SQL programs such as Postgresql and MySQL are currently supported . With the release of Version 10 in October 2009 , Time Matters became available only in the Enterprise Edition ( but is sold as Time Matters ) . In May 2010 , LexisNexis released their new Annual Maintenance Plan policy , which required users to be on the Annual Maintenance Plan to receive technical support , product upgrades and access to online training and support resources .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "90da8d74d8f47288bebf343e4efe8a56", "text": "Every Woman Every Woman is a syndicated television series produced by Entertainment Studios and created by Byron Allen . The series has aired since 2000 . Heidi Klum made a guest appearance on the show in 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "04b138db704e979e20502f8ba2ea9289", "text": "Top Model Top Model or Next Top Model is a fashion-themed reality television show format produced in many countries throughout the world and seen in over 120 countries producing over 200 seasons ( referred to as `` cycles '' ) . The show takes the form of a modeling competition whose winners typically receive a contract with a major modeling agency and a cover shoot and fashion photo spread in a fashion magazine . The format was created by Tyra Banks for the original series , America 's Next Top Model which was first aired in 2003 , produced by Ken Mok 's 10 by 10 Entertainment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "38d9dd2f8f35cdf14f850e312f38ee83", "text": "Magazine A magazine is a publication , usually a periodical publication , which is printed or electronically published ( sometimes referred to as an online magazine ) . Magazines are generally published on a regular schedule and contain a variety of content . They are generally financed by advertising , by a purchase price , by prepaid subscriptions , or a combination of the three . At its root , the word `` magazine '' refers to a collection or storage location . In the case of written publication , it is a collection of written articles . This explains why magazine publications share the word root with gunpowder magazines , artillery magazines , firearms magazines , and , in French , retail stores such as department stores .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da321c0d37dd34d064a313286ff15be8", "text": "List of The New York Times Manga Best Sellers The New York Times Best Seller list for manga published in the United States was introduced on March 5 , 2009 , along with two additional lists for hardcover and paperback graphic novels . The three lists are grouped under the `` Graphic Books '' category . Deborah Hoffman , an editor for the Best Seller lists , explained that the term `` Graphic Books '' was selected to create an `` inclusive and expansive '' list which can extend to works of both fiction and non-fiction . Journalist George Gustines announced , in his introduction of the new lists , `` Comics have finally joined the mainstream . '' The announcement was made the week the film Watchmen , based on the comic book of the same name , was released in movie theaters throughout the U.S. . The Best Seller lists are printed weekly in The New York Times Book Review magazine , which is published in the Sunday edition of The New York Times and as a stand-alone publication . Gustines explained the methodology used to determine the rankings : Rankings reflect sales of graphic novels -LSB- ... -RSB- at many thousands of venues where a wide range of books are sold nationwide . These include hundreds of independent book retailers ( statistically weighted to represent all such outlets ) ; national , regional and local chains ; online and multimedia entertainment retailers ; university , gift , supermarket , discount department stores and newsstands . In addition , these rankings also include unit sales reported by retailers nationwide that specialize in graphic novels and comic books . On multiple occasions , manga have been listed outside its designated list . Mike Kiley , then-Senior Vice President of the publisher Tokyopop , explained in 2010 that it has become more difficult to draw a distinguishing line between works that are manga and manga-inspired , such as Korean manhwa and American original English language ( OEL ) manga . A Drifting Life , an autobiographical manga by Yoshihiro Tatsumi , appeared on the May 3 , 2009 , Best Seller list for paperback graphic novels , where it ranked third . X-Men : Misfits , an original English manga based on the X-Men comic book franchise , ranked fifth at its debut on the August 30 , 2009 , paperback graphic novels list , and stayed on the chart for five consecutive weeks . The first volume of a manhwa adaptation of the popular vampire-themed Twilight novels by Stephenie Meyer remained on the hardcover graphic novels Best Seller list for 27 consecutive weeks in 2010 . In January 2017 , the Times decided to stop producing the separate manga best seller list .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bacc555f87e95577f87619ced67ad344", "text": "Esquire (UK Edition) Esquire Magazine ( UK edition ) is a monthly magazine for men owned by the National Magazine Company , a subsidiary of the US-based Hearst Corporation . The first edition was published Spring/Summer 1991 . The magazine features articles on luxe design and culture , food , business and technology , style , music and books . It is pitched at a similarly upscale audience to GQ , attempting to offer a more adult read than lad mags like Maxim and FHM . Each month , Esquire Magazine features famous celebrities on its cover : recent cover girls have included Katy Perry and Rachel Weisz ; and male celebrities from Jeff Bridges and Jake Gyllenhaal to Dizzee Rascal have appeared on the cover . The first cover star was Brigitte Bardot .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "59f0b5076453c9e4cffb0c43adf923bf", "text": "Men's Journal Men 's Journal is a monthly men 's lifestyle magazine focused on outdoor recreation and comprising editorials on the outdoors , environmental issues , health and fitness , style and fashion , and gear . It was founded in 1992 by Jann Wenner , who sought to create a publication for `` active , accomplished men to fuel an adventurous and discerning lifestyle '' . It is published by Wenner Media , which also produces Rolling Stone .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e1708d1205a0a1ff1b8ae277f744927f", "text": "Time Is Money (Styles P album) Time Is Money is the second studio album by American rapper Styles P . The album was released on December 19 , 2006 , by Ruff Ryders Entertainment and Interscope Records . The album suffered several pushbacks starting from spring 2005 . It was originally scheduled to be released on November 14 , 2006 but was delayed for a month . It peaked at number 19 on the Billboard Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums chart , number ten on the Top Rap Albums chart , and number 79 on the Billboard 200 . `` Can You Believe It '' , `` I 'm Black '' and `` Favorite Drug '' were released as singles . The clean version of `` Favorite Drug '' is titled `` Favorite One '' . A track called `` All My Life '' which is featuring Akon ( who featured Styles P on his hit `` Locked Up '' two years before ) was supposed to be on the album but it did n't make the final cut .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dde788c9db1350d2282e436c1350bbae", "text": "The Channel Magazine The Channel Magazine ( referred to as The Channel ) is an American entertainment magazine , headquartered in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania and owned by All Access Media , Inc. . The first issue was published on April 23 , 2007 , and is known as being among the more informative entertainment magazines in the business . The magazine focuses on music , film , fashion , entertainment business , and popular culture .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4c3eb9ca8640a89b2ec73ef7020fc456", "text": "Wigwag (magazine) Wigwag was an American magazine published from 1988 until 1991 . Founded by Alexander `` Lex '' Kaplen , who worked at The New Yorker , Wigwag eschewed celebrity coverage in favor of personal and literary writing . A test issue was put on newsstands in the summer of 1988 , and the magazine formally debuted in October 1989 . The magazine attracted writers such as Peter Matthiessen , Terry McMillan , Garry Wills , Alex Heard , Sousa Jamba and Nancy Franklin , but despite a circulation of 120,000 , and despite being financially successful , ceased publication when the Gulf War broke out in 1991 and the economy entered a recession . It published its last issue in February 1991 . In its brief lifetime it reached a circulation of close to 200,000 and became a brand name signifying family-feeling and an appreciation of the qualities of non-metropolitan America . The legend of Wigwag 's founding by a group of young exiles from The New Yorker -- an exodus which followed The New Yorker 's acquisition by Conde Nast and Conde Nast 's subsequent dismissal of The New Yorker 's longtime editor William Shawn -- attracted an enormous amount of attention to its launch and early publication . Once launched , it quickly became a success d'estime , and critics often called it the `` Anti-Spy '' -- in reference to the funny , cruel and cynical New York magazine of that name . Many saw the two magazines as rivals for media attention -- neither survived the 1991 recession ( although Spy lingered on in a brief afterlife ) . Contemporary observers thought that the `` parent ship , '' The New Yorker itself , then edited by Robert Gottlieb , also saw itself as threatened by Wigwag during Wigwag 's lifetime . Wigwag proposed a kind of counter-reality to the sophistication which magazines like The New Yorker and Spy aspired to -- offering , instead of The New Yorker 's famed `` Talk of the Town '' section , its own titled opening section , `` Letters from Home . '' Notable staffers at Wigwag include Nancy Holyoke , who went on ( with the help of Harriet Brown , another Wigwag editor , now an associate professor at the S. I. Newhouse School of Public Communications ) to found American Girl magazine at Pleasant Company in Wisconsin , Caroline Fraser , the author of a noted history of the Christian Science Church , and Evan Cornog , now associate dean of the Columbia Graduate School of Journalism . One of the most significant contributors to Wigwag 's identity was its art director , the illustrator and designer Paul Davis . Many have observed that Wigwag 's editorial and design innovations under Kaplen and Davis were later adopted by Tina Brown and implemented at The New Yorker when she became its editor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ef82b6aa3899fa1d41ec9d7d29c8d980", "text": "Family Circle Family Circle is an American home magazine published 12 times a year by Meredith Corporation . It began publication in 1932 as a magazine distributed at supermarkets such as Piggly Wiggly and Safeway . Cowles Magazines and Broadcasting bought the magazine in 1962 . The New York Times Company bought the magazine for its woman 's magazine division in 1971 . The division was sold to Gruner + Jahr in 1994 . When Gruner + Jahr decided to exit the US magazine market in 2005 , the magazine was sold to the Meredith Corporation . The magazine is considered one of the `` Seven Sisters '' , a group of seven home-oriented magazines , with the others being Ladies ' Home Journal , McCall 's , Good Housekeeping , Better Homes and Gardens , Woman 's Day , and Redbook . Family Circle used to sponsor the Charleston Open at the Family Circle Tennis Center in Charleston , South Carolina , a WTA clay court tennis tournament . In November 2009 , Family Circle launched their social network Momster.com for moms of tweens and teens .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4b96a7eadae7d14c8c236f8fb3481666", "text": "New York Woman New York Woman was a magazine that blended features on fashion and the arts , literary and humorous essays , and consumer-oriented services pieces such as reviews of restaurants , shops or films . Its target audience was intelligent women living in the New York Metropolitan area . It was launched as a bimonthly by the Esquire Magazine Group Inc. in 1986 . The first issue was published in September-October of that year . The mergers-and-acquisitions specialist Bruce Wasserstein of Wasserstein Perella reportedly brokered the magazine 's sale to American Express Publishing , publisher of Travel + Leisure and Food & Wine . New York Woman '' 's founding publisher was Julie Lewit-Nirenberg , who was later the founding publisher of Mirabella , often referred to as a smart woman 's fashion magazine . Later she was a director of special projects at Conde-Nast . The magazine 's founding editor was Betsy Carter ( who went on to work for O , The Oprah Magazine , Oprah Winfrey 's magazine ) . The French graphic designer Fabien Baron used his creative director position at the magazine as an opportunity to further develop relationships with important clients in the fashion business such as Barneys and Calvin Klein . After leaving New York Woman , Baron continued to earn accolades for his fashion-oriented work in advertising and for magazines such as Harper 's Bazaar . Writers included the playwright Wendy Wasserstein , the Andy Warhol superstar Viva , the sociologist Barbara Ehrenreich , the comedy writer Merrill Markoe , the actress Theresa Meeker and Maureen Orth , who later wrote for Vanity Fair magazine.New York Woman '' ceased publication in 1992 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4b861e21a44e0c7a0a8ecbfbf3256339", "text": "Gear (magazine) __ NOTOC __ Gear was an American men 's magazine published by Bob Guccione , Jr. devoted chiefly to revealing pictorials of popular singers , B-movie actresses , and models , along with articles on gadgets , cars , fashion , sex , and sports .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5c12144d2da4fc6b647c3817ef71a638", "text": "Louisville (magazine) Louisville is a magazine distributed in the Louisville area . It covers local business and culture .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e8c95a6547b77ac3407394b257a506bf", "text": "10 Years Younger (U.S. TV series) 10 Years Younger ( also abbreviated as 10YY ) is an American reality series that aired on TLC . It takes individuals and transform them to look more `` glamorous '' , or ` ten years younger ' , hence the name of the show . As of February 2011 , the Oprah Winfrey Network have been airing reruns of the show .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4549217682cc57d5dad834ac0ee80fa9", "text": "Sex columnist A sex columnist is a writer of a newspaper or magazine column about sex . Sex advice columns may take the form of essays or , more frequently , answers to questions posed by readers . Sex advice columns can usually be found in alt weekly newspapers , women 's magazines , health or fitness magazines , and student newspapers . While some are written by trained sexologists , many are penned by people lacking credentials in human sexuality and relationships , yet willing to divulge their opinions or personal bedroom antics . The television series Sex and the City protagonist Carrie Bradshaw was a sex columnist , which author Candace Bushnell modeled after herself in her original non-fiction book based on a column of the same name . The show , which first aired in 1998 , is credited with the increase of sex columnists found in college campus newspapers and blogs , such as at Ivy League colleges and many other schools . One such columnist , Meghan Bainum , at the University of Kansas , Lawrence , placed in the 42nd annual William Randolph Hearst Foundation Journalism Awards Program ( 2001 -- 2002 ) for her column . Anka Radakovich was the first of a new breed of sex columnists for whom `` every detail of the writer 's psyche is splayed across the page ... confessional journalism at its most intimate '' . Radakovich had written for the old Details magazine when it was a chronicle of downtown fashion and night life . After James Truman became editor-in-chief and transformed Details into a men 's magazine , he offered Radakovich a column in September 1990 . She became the first modern-day magazine sex columnist working for a mainstream men 's publication .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "37039a5586f66ec6f574b263bce37ab6", "text": "Media Take Out Media Take Out is a blog-style gossip website catering to people that are interested in celebrity news . It also claims it is `` The Most Visited Urban Website in the World '' because of the number of people visiting it daily . The website was founded by Fred Mwangaguhunga , a former corporate lawyer . Mwangaguhunga was born to Ugandan parents in Washington , D.C. , is a graduate of John Jay College of Criminal Justice at the City University of New York , and received two degrees from Columbia University . Exclusives have been quoted by Good Morning America , Watch What Happens Live , The New York Times , BET Style , MTV News , and the `` Page Six '' column of the New York Post , and by radio personalities including Wendy Williams , Howard Stern , and Tom Joyner . Media Take Out has broken several stories , including Kim Kardashian 's first pregnancy , Remy Ma 's criminal charges and Michael Jordan 's divorce . Mwangaguhunga has stated , `` We get 90 % of our stories from insiders looking to spill the beans like hairstylists , bodyguards or bitter ex-girlfriends '' .", "title": "" } ]	fever
019a00c9661bd2de0c8a1877e2a817cd	Princess Margaret had a bout of pneumonia.	[ { "docid": "eb527edc410b2fee37c5aedaaf15cef6", "text": "Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon Princess Margaret , Countess of Snowdon , ( Margaret Rose ; 21 August 1930 -- 9 February 2002 ) was the younger daughter of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth of the United Kingdom and the only sibling of Queen Elizabeth II . Margaret spent much of her childhood in the company of her older sister and parents . Her life changed dramatically in 1936 , when her paternal uncle , King Edward VIII , abdicated to marry a divorcée , Wallis Simpson . Margaret 's father became King , and her older sister became heir presumptive , with Margaret second in line to the throne . During World War II , the two sisters stayed at Windsor Castle , despite suggestions to evacuate them to Canada . During the war years , Margaret was considered too young to perform any official duties and instead continued her education . After the war , Margaret fell in love with Group Captain Peter Townsend . In 1952 , Margaret 's father died , her sister became Queen , and Townsend divorced his first wife . Early the following year , he proposed to Margaret . Many in the government believed he would be an unsuitable husband for the Queen 's 22-year-old sister , and the Church of England refused to countenance a marriage to a divorced man . Margaret eventually abandoned her plans with him and in 1960 , she accepted the proposal of the photographer Antony Armstrong-Jones , who was created Earl of Snowdon by the Queen . The couple had two children . They divorced in 1978 . Margaret was often viewed as a controversial member of the British royal family . Her divorce earned her negative publicity , and she was romantically associated with several men . Her health gradually deteriorated in the final two decades of her life . A heavy smoker for most of her adult life , she had a lung operation in 1985 , a bout of pneumonia in 1993 , and at least three strokes between 1998 and 2001 . She died at King Edward VII Hospital on 9 February 2002 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "65db15b7b1b6d8061b34c5578b25d138", "text": "1952 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Economic Conference The 1952 Commonwealth Prime Ministers ' Economic Conference was an emergency Meeting of the Heads of Government of the Commonwealth of Nations . It was called by the British government of Sir Winston Churchill and held in the United Kingdom in December 1952 as a follow-up to a Commonwealth Finance Minister 's conference held in January 1952 . The conference was held in the context of British economic and military decline and the United States ' surging role in the world . The principal topic of the conference was the convertibility and liquidity of Pound sterling into American dollars and British concerns that non-sterling Commonwealth countries were building up sterling balances for the purpose of conversion into American dollars , the future of the Pound sterling area , and the alleviation of Commonwealth trade restrictions and imperial preference , particularly in the light of the surging American economy and the desire of Commonwealth countries such as Australia for American investment in order for economic development to occur against British concerns that American economic dominance threatened Britain 's economic position . This discussion was necessary as the Commonwealth , with the exception of Canada , had a common pool of gold and dollar reserves . Little was accomplished in the economic discussion with the final communique being described as an `` agreement in platitudes '' . British concerns at being excluded from the ANZUS military treaty between Australia , New Zealand and the United States were also a topic and were addressed by a communique issued by the prime ministers supporting Britain 's demand for a voice in ANZUS . In addition , Commonwealth prime ministers , after months of discussion on whether the newly ascended Queen Elizabeth II should have a uniform Royal Styles and Titles throughout the Commonwealth or whether realms should adopt their own styles and titles , it was agreed that each member of the Commonwealth `` should use for its own purposes a form of the Royal Style and Titles which suits its own particular circumstances but retains a substantial element which is common to all '' and agreed to pass appropriate legislation in their respective parliaments . The prime ministers also agreed to proclaim the new Queen , Elizabeth II , Head of the Commonwealth in succession of her late father , George VI .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d1b2980fbdd7e9fe2bc6e4e6568eb83c", "text": "Queen Elizabeth University Hospital The Queen Elizabeth University Hospital ( QEUH ) is a 1,677 bed acute hospital located in Govan in the south-west of Glasgow , Scotland . The hospital is built on the site of the former Southern General Hospital and opened at the end of April 2015 . The hospital comprises a newly built 1,109 bed adult hospital , a 256-bed children 's hospital and two major Emergency Departments , one for adults and one for children in addition to buildings retained from the former hospital . There is also an Immediate Assessment Unit for local GPs and out-of-hours services , to send patients directly , without having to be processed through the Emergency Department . The retained buildings include maternity services , the Institute of Neurological Sciences and the Langlands Unit for medicine of the elderly and rehabilitation . The facility is operated by NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde . While some parts of the Queen Elizabeth University Hospital have their own distinct identity and dedicated specialist staff , such as the Royal Hospital for Children , each is completely integrated with linkages for patient transfer , diagnostic services , emergency care and even a rapid access lift from the emergency helicopter pad on the roof of the adult hospital . For example , the new children 's hospital is not only linked to the adult hospital but also both the adult and children 's hospitals are linked to the redeveloped maternity building and to the Neurosciences Institute . The hospital hosts services relocated from the Western Infirmary , the Victoria Infirmary including the Mansion House facility , some services from Royal Infirmary and a range of inpatient services from Gartnavel Hospital , Glasgow . In addition , the Royal Hospital for Sick Children , Glasgow , previously based at Yorkhill , was moved to a new building adjoining the adult hospital and renamed the `` Royal Hospital for Children , Glasgow '' . It is the largest hospital campus in Europe .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3d2aa41b5fdbc05466713885291d6c6a", "text": "Prince Alfred of Great Britain The Prince Alfred ( 22 September 1780 -- 20 August 1782 ) was a member of the British Royal Family as the 14th child and 9th son of King George III and his queen consort Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz . Alfred became ill after his inoculation against the smallpox virus ; his early death at the age of nearly two , along with the demise of his brother Prince Octavius six months later , was a shock to their parents . In his later bouts of madness King George would have imagined conversations with both of his youngest sons .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b162d1a07da25d0e4dac4283bc6d5e2c", "text": "Margaret of Parma Margaret of Parma ( ; 28 December 1522 -- 18 January 1586 ) was Governor of the Netherlands from 1559 to 1567 and from 1578 to 1582 . She was the illegitimate daughter of the then 22-year-old Holy Roman Emperor Charles V and Johanna Maria van der Gheynst . She was a Duchess of Florence and a Duchess of Parma and Piacenza by marriage .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "af6d3f87dfa53977b174857c98ae5049", "text": "Princess Margarita of Greece and Denmark Princess Margarita of Greece and Denmark ( Πριγκίπισσα Μαργαρίτα της Ελλάδας και Δανίας 18 April 1905 -- 24 April 1981 ) was the eldest child and daughter of Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark and Princess Alice of Battenberg . She was the first great-great-grandchild of Queen Victoria , and the eldest sister of Prince Philip , Duke of Edinburgh .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a252647aaac7df222515969d6fead5ba", "text": "Royal Buckinghamshire Hospital \| Name = The Royal Buckinghamshire Hospital \| Org/Group = Buckinghamshire Hospitals \| Image = RoyalBucksEntrance.jpg \| Caption = \| Logo = \| Location = Aylesbury , \| Region = Buckinghamshire \| State = England \| Country = UK \| HealthCare = Private \| Type = Specialist \| Speciality = Spinal cord injury , Stroke , Acquired Brain Injury \| Emergency = No \| Affiliation = \| Beds = 10 \| Founded = 1832 \| Closed = \| Website = http://www.royalbucks.co.uk \| Wiki-Links = \| -RCB- -RCB- The Royal Buckinghamshire Hospital ( colloquially called the Royal Bucks ) is a hospital founded in 1832 in response to the cholera epidemic that swept across England at that time . It is situated in Aylesbury , Buckinghamshire . The construction was based on the design of a stately home to help dissociate the assumption at the time that hospitals were a place of death .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f3fb799d1550dff4a8208b609d025b03", "text": "William Montagu, 1st Earl of Salisbury William Montagu , alias de Montacute , 1st Earl of Salisbury , 3rd Baron Montagu , King of Mann ( 1301 -- 30 January 1344 ) was an English nobleman and loyal servant of King Edward III . The son of William Montagu , 2nd Baron Montagu , he entered the royal household at an early age and became a close companion of the young Prince Edward . The relationship continued after Edward was crowned king following the deposition of Edward II in 1327 . In 1330 , Montagu was one of Edward 's main accomplices in the coup against Roger Mortimer , who until then had been acting as the king 's protector . In the following years Montagu served the king in various capacities , primarily in the Scottish Wars . He was richly rewarded , and among other things received the lordship of the Isle of Man . In 1337 , he was created Earl of Salisbury , and given an annual income of 1000 marks to go with the title . He served on the Continent in the early years of the Hundred Years ' War , but in 1340 he was captured by the French , and in return for his freedom had to promise never to fight in France again . Salisbury died of wounds suffered at a tournament early in 1344 . Legend has it that Montagu 's wife Catherine was raped by Edward III , but this story is almost certainly French propaganda . William and Catherine had six children , most of whom married into the nobility . Modern historians have called William Montague Edward 's `` most intimate personal friend '' and `` the chief influence behind the throne from Mortimer 's downfall in 1330 until his own death in 1344 . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d9ef0d8a8c27e40570e35f8d55a04d62", "text": "Black Death in England The Black Death was a pneumonic plague pandemic , which reached England in June 1348 , and died down by December 1349 . It was the first and most severe manifestation of the Second Pandemic , caused by Yersinia pestis bacteria . The term `` Black Death '' was not used until the late 17th Century . Originating in China , it spread west along the trade routes across Europe and arrived on the British Isles from the English province of Gascony . The plague seems to have been spread by flea-infected rats , as well as individuals who had been infected on the continent . Rats were the reservoir hosts of the Y. pestis bacteria and the Oriental rat flea was the primary vector . The first known case in England was a seaman who arrived at Weymouth , Dorset , from Gascony in June 1348 . By autumn , the plague had reached London , and by summer 1349 it covered the entire country , before dying down by December . Low estimates of mortality in the early twentieth century have been revised upwards due to re-examination of data and new information , and a figure of 40 -- 60 % of the population is widely accepted . The English government handled the crisis well , and the country did not experience the extreme reactions that were seen elsewhere in Europe . The most immediate consequence was a halt to the campaigns of the Hundred Years ' War . In the long term , the decrease in population caused a shortage of labour , with subsequent rise in wages , resisted by the landowners , which caused deep resentment among the lower classes . The Peasants ' Revolt of 1381 was largely a result of this resentment , and even though the rebellion was suppressed , in the long term serfdom was ended in England . The Black Death also affected artistic and cultural efforts , and may have helped advance the use of the vernacular . In 1361 -- 62 the plague returned to England , this time causing the death of around 20 % of the population . After this the plague continued to return intermittently throughout the 14th and 15th centuries , in local or national outbreaks . From this point on its effect became less severe , and one of the last outbreaks of the plague in England was the Great Plague of London in 1665 -- 66 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1b4182a7525b8c515de33bed895515ea", "text": "Anne, Queen of Great Britain Anne ( 6 February 1665 -- 1 August 1714 ) became Queen of England , Scotland and Ireland on 8 March 1702 . On 1 May 1707 , under the Acts of Union , two of her realms , the kingdoms of England and Scotland , united as a single sovereign state known as Great Britain . She continued to reign as Queen of Great Britain and Ireland until her death . Anne was born in the reign of her uncle Charles II , who had no legitimate children . Her father , James , was first in line to the throne . His suspected Roman Catholicism was unpopular in England , and on Charles 's instructions Anne was raised as an Anglican . Three years after he succeeded Charles , James was deposed in the `` Glorious Revolution '' of 1688 . Anne 's Dutch Protestant brother-in-law and cousin William III became joint monarch with his wife , Anne 's elder sister Mary II . Although the sisters had been close , disagreements over Anne 's finances , status and choice of acquaintances arose shortly after Mary 's accession and they became estranged . William and Mary had no children . After Mary 's death in 1694 , William continued as sole monarch until he was succeeded by Anne upon his death in 1702 . As queen , Anne favoured moderate Tory politicians , who were more likely to share her Anglican religious views than their opponents , the Whigs . The Whigs grew more powerful during the course of the War of the Spanish Succession , until in 1710 Anne dismissed many of them from office . Her close friendship with Sarah Churchill , Duchess of Marlborough , turned sour as the result of political differences . Anne was plagued by ill health throughout her life . From her thirties onwards , she grew increasingly lame and obese . Despite seventeen pregnancies by her husband , Prince George of Denmark , she died without any surviving children and was the last monarch of the House of Stuart . Under the terms of the Act of Settlement 1701 , she was succeeded by her second cousin George I of the House of Hanover , who was a descendant of the Stuarts through his maternal grandmother , Elizabeth , a daughter of James VI and I.", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1fea44c74b030bc63bbd4de50e2b6e0d", "text": "Royal Brompton Hospital Royal Brompton Hospital is the largest specialist heart and lung centre in the United Kingdom ( UK ) . The hospital is part of Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust , which includes Royal Brompton Hospital in Chelsea and Harefield Hospital near Uxbridge . Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust is the largest specialist heart and lung centre in the UK and among the largest in Europe . Diana , Princess of Wales ( 1961-1997 ) used to visit patients at the hospital often .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "daa39072353038277d9074287db7a7ea", "text": "Elizabeth Somerset, Duchess of Beaufort Elizabeth Somerset , Duchess of Beaufort ( née Berkeley ; 9 April 1799 ) was born in Stoke Gifford in Gloucestershire to John Symes Berkeley and Elizabeth Norborne . Her younger brother was Norborne , Lord Botetourt . On 1 May 1740 she married Charles Noel Somerset , 4th Duke of Beaufort , younger son of Henry Somerset , 2nd Duke of Beaufort and his second wife Rachel Noel . They had six children : Lady Anne Somerset ( 11 March 1741 -- 18 May 1763 , aged 22 ) , married Charles Compton , 7th Earl of Northampton on 13 September 1759 and had issue Lady Elizabeth Somerset ( 12 March 1742 -- 7 May 1760 , aged 18 ) Henry Somerset , 5th Duke of Beaufort ( 16 October 1744 -- 11 October 1803 , aged 58 ) Lady Rachel Somerset ( August 1746 -- May 1747 ) ( died an infant ) Lady Henrietta Somerset ( 26 April 1748 -- 24 July 1770 , aged 22 ) , married Sir Watkin Williams-Wynn , 4th Baronet on 6 April 1769 , no issue . Lady Mary Isabella Somerset ( 1 August 1756 -- 2 September 1831 , aged 75 ) , married Charles Manners , 4th Duke of Rutland on 26 December 1775 and had issue A stone obelisk to the memory of her daughter Elizabeth is located in Stoke Park , Bristol . It is engraved with the Latin inscription : ELIZABETHA SOMERSET CAROLI DUCIS BEAUFORT FILIA SECUNDA HIC OBIIT VII MAII MDCCLX RESTITUTUM ANNO MMIV This translates as ` Elizabeth Somerset , second daughter of Charles Duke of Beaufort , died here 7 May 1760 . Restored in the year 2004 ' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "51f176035349a2ccc2401575e2223438", "text": "Public health funeral Public health funerals are funerals in the United Kingdom paid for by the local authority , where the relatives are either unwilling or unable to pay , or where no relatives can be found . Public health funerals are governed by the Public Health ( Control of Disease ) Act 1984 . Such funerals are commonly termed `` state funerals '' , `` contract funerals '' , `` public assistance funerals '' , `` Pauper 's funerals '' or `` welfare funerals '' . While there is no recourse to recover costs from relatives who refuse to pay for a public health funeral , local authorities are able to recover the costs of such a funeral from the estate of a deceased person where this is possible . The Guardian has reported that the average cost of a public health funeral is # 950 . The term `` state funeral '' is also used in the UK in a different context to describe the funerals of monarchs or other distinguished figures . For this usage see State funerals in the United Kingdom . For `` paupers ' funerals '' under the English Poor Laws see Pauper 's funeral .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa226c55e86f438ba7c6567e3990e9ca", "text": "Henry Pitt-Rivers, 5th Baron Rivers Henry Peter Pitt-Rivers , 5th Baron Rivers ( 7 April 1849 -- 17 March 1867 ) was a British nobleman . He died at a young age of the lung disease from which his three older brothers had also suffered . Henry was the youngest of four sons born to George Pitt-Rivers , 4th Baron Rivers and his wife Lady Susan , all of whom suffered from a chronic lung disease . He was born on 7 April 1849 and baptized on 30 April at St George 's , Hanover Square . After the death of his brother Granville in 1855 , the family felt it was best to separate Henry , who was as yet less affected than his remaining brother William , from the family , and he was raised for several years by Sydney Osborne and his wife . William died in 1859 , so when their father died on 28 April 1866 , Henry succeeded to the title and estates . His disease had progressed upon him , however , and he died on 17 March 1867 at Torquay of `` congestion of the lungs '' . He was buried on 23 March at Steepleton Iwerne , and was succeeded in his title and estates by his uncle , Lt-Col . Horace Pitt .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9e4fbe6174ab6033d6b252db529c164e", "text": "Princess Amelia of Great Britain Princess Amelia of Great Britain ( Amelia Sophia Eleanor ; 10 June 1711 ( New Style ) -- 31 October 1786 ) was the second daughter of George II of Great Britain .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d87a870037cba89bbc2a5699bebf44eb", "text": "Sarah Villiers, Countess of Jersey Sarah Sophia Child Villiers , Countess of Jersey ( 4 March 1785 -- 26 January 1867 ) , was an English noblewoman , and through her marriage a member of the Villiers family . She was the eldest daughter of John Fane , 10th Earl of Westmorland , and Sarah Anne Child . Her mother was the only child of Robert Child , the principal shareholder in the banking firm Child & Co. . Under the terms of his will , the Countess of Jersey was the primary legatee , and she not only inherited Osterley Park but became senior partner of the bank . Her husband , George Villiers , added the surname Child by royal licence . Lady Jersey married George Child Villiers , 5th Earl of Jersey , on 23 May 1804 , in the drawing room of her house in Berkeley Square . Her husband 's mother , Frances Villiers , Countess of Jersey ( also Lady Jersey ) , was one of the more notorious mistresses of King George IV when he was Prince of Wales . Her sister Maria married John Ponsonby , Viscount Duncannon , later the 4th Earl of Bessborough , a brother of Lady Caroline Lamb . Her own affairs , though conducted discreetly , were said to be numerous : Henry John Temple , 3rd Viscount Palmerston , was thought to be one of her lovers . When asked why he had never fought a duel to preserve his wife 's reputation , Lord Jersey dryly replied that this would require him to fight every man in London . Lady Jersey was one of the patronesses of Almack 's , the most exclusive social club in London , and a leader of the ton during the Regency era . She was immortalized as Zenobia in Disraeli 's novel Endymion . Caroline Lamb ridiculed her in Glenarvon : in revenge Lady Jersey had her barred from Almack 's , the ultimate social disgrace . This , however , was unusual since she was notable for acts of kindness and generosity ; and she was eventually persuaded to remove the ban . In politics she was a Tory , although she lacked the passion for politics shown by her cousin Harriet Arbuthnot . On hearing that the Duke of Wellington had fallen from power in 1830 , she burst into tears in public . She reportedly `` moved heaven and earth '' against the Reform Act 1832 . Lady Jersey was known by the nickname Silence ; the nickname was ironic since , famously , she almost never stopped talking . She is a recurring character in the Regency novels of Georgette Heyer , where she is presented as eccentric and unpredictable , but highly intelligent and observant , and capable of kindness and generosity . She died at No. 38 , Berkeley Square , Middlesex now London .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0d75b75873e9efeb7c5457dcb8dfd08d", "text": "Marlborough: His Life and Times Marlborough : His Life and Times is a panegyric biography written by Winston Churchill about John Churchill , 1st Duke of Marlborough . Churchill was a lineal descendant of the duke . The book comprises four volumes , the first of which appeared in October 1933 ( 557 pages , 200,000 words ) with subsequent volumes in 1934 , 1936 and 1938 . The publisher was George G Harrup , who in 1929 agreed an advance of # 10,000 for the publishing rights , topping the offer made by Churchill 's customary publishers , Thornton Butterworth . The American publisher , Scribner 's , paid # 5000 advance for United States publishing rights . At that time Churchill envisaged writing 180,000 to 250,000 words to be published in no more than two volumes . Cumulative sales of the first volume were 17,000 copies , 15,000 for the second and 10,000 for the third and fourth , which was a respectable though not exceptional performance for such a work . Churchill had conceived the idea of writing the book by 1929 , when the conservative defeat in the general election meant that he was no longer a government minister , giving him both spare time and the loss of his ministerial salary . His first act in preparing the book was to employ Maurice Ashley part-time for a salary of # 300 per year to carry out research about Marlborough . Ashley later produced his own biography of Marlborough , in 1939 . Churchill , with other assistants , worked on and published a number of different historical books while work on Marlborough was proceeding . Churchill turned seriously to writing Marlborough after Easter 1932 , following pressure from his publishers . His initial draft was passed to Edward Marsh , who had been his private secretary while a government minister , with instructions to look out for repetitions , boring passages or clumsy sentences . He wrote over 300 letters requesting information or opinions about the work in progress . In the preface to volume one , Churchill writes '' `` It is my hope to recall this great shade from the past , and not only invest him with his panoply , but make him living and intimate to modern eyes . '' Churchill was sceptical of the claim that Marlborough had at 17 or 18 years of age became the lover of the King 's mistress but accepted that he did so somewhat later , at 20 . In 1675 , however , he met the 15-year-old Sarah Jennings , married her and lived with contentedly for the remainder of their lives . They were of comparable social status , but neither had any significant money . Churchill saw similarities between his ancestor and himself .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ceb227d302255618593723959da7d11", "text": "Maria Anna of Savoy, Duchess of Chablais Maria Anna of Savoy ( Maria Anna Carlota Gabriela ; 17 December 1757 -- 11 October 1824 ) was a Princess of Savoy by birth and Duchess of Chablais by her marriage to her uncle . Born at the Royal Palace of Turin , she was the sixth child of Prince Victor Amadeus , Duke of Savoy and , since 1773 , King of Sardinia , by his wife , Maria Antonia Ferdinanda of Spain , as daughter of Philip V. Maria Anna was the fourth but third surviving daughter of her parents . Her two older sisters were the future `` grand daughters in law '' of Louis XV of France , Princess Maria Giuseppina , who married the future Louis XVIII of France in 1771 and Princess Maria Teresa , who married the future Charles X of France in 1773 . Their younger surviving sister , Maria Carolina , married Anthony of Saxony . Three of her brothers were the last three Kings of Sardinia from the senior line of the House of Savoy : the future Charles Emmanuel IV , Victor Emmanuel I and Charles Felix . After the death of the last one in 1831 without issue , the throne passed to Charles Albert , Prince of Carignano and next legitimate male heir .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d71088c964dde729e366c182ab79ba30", "text": "Princess Margaret Stakes \| -RCB- The Princess Margaret Stakes is a Group 3 flat horse race in Great Britain open to two-year-old fillies . It is run at Ascot over a distance of 6 furlongs ( 1,207 metres ) , and it is scheduled to take place each year in July . The event is named after Princess Margaret , the younger daughter of King George VI . It was established in 1946 , and the inaugural running was won by Orum Blaze . For a period it was classed at Listed level , and it was promoted to Group 3 status in 1986 . The Princess Margaret Stakes is usually held at the same meeting as the King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes but was run a week later in 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "774d32a9ca141667065272f45aaac608", "text": "Charles, Prince of Wales Charles , Prince of Wales ( Charles Philip Arthur George ; born 14 November 1948 ) is the eldest child and heir apparent of Queen Elizabeth II . Known alternatively in South West England as Duke of Cornwall and in Scotland as Duke of Rothesay , he is the longest-serving heir apparent in British history , having held the position since 1952 . He is also the oldest person to be next in line to the throne since Sophia of Hanover ( the heir presumptive to Queen Anne ) , who died in 1714 at the age of 83 . Charles was born at Buckingham Palace as the first grandchild of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth . He was educated at Cheam and Gordonstoun Schools , which his father , Prince Philip , Duke of Edinburgh , had attended as a child , as well as the Timbertop campus of Geelong Grammar School in Victoria , Australia . After earning a bachelor of arts degree from Trinity College , Cambridge , Charles served in the Royal Navy from 1971 to 1976 . In 1981 , he married Lady Diana Spencer and they had two sons : Prince William ( born 1982 ) later to become Duke of Cambridge , and Prince Harry ( born 1984 ) . In 1996 , the couple divorced , following well-publicised extramarital affairs . Diana died in a car crash in Paris the following year . In 2005 , Charles married Camilla Parker Bowles . Charles 's interests encompass a range of humanitarian and social issues : he founded The Prince 's Trust in 1976 , sponsors The Prince 's Charities , and is patron of numerous other charitable and arts organisations . Charles has long championed organic farming for which he established the Duchy Home Farm , run by the Duchy of Cornwall , which produces ingredients for the Duchy Originals brand which he founded in 1990 . Charles has sought to raise world awareness of the dangers facing the natural environment , such as climate change . As an environmentalist , he has received numerous awards and recognition from environmental groups around the world . His support for alternative medicine , including homeopathy , has been criticised by some in the medical community . He has been outspoken on the role of architecture in society and the conservation of historic buildings . Subsequently , Charles created Poundbury , an experimental new town based on his theories , in Dorset in 1993 . He has authored a number of books , including A Vision of Britain : A Personal View of Architecture in 1989 and the children 's book The Old Man of Lochnagar in 1980 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9629822063849996d4fa2ceed128c238", "text": "Margaret Island Margaret Island ( Margit-sziget -LSB- ˈmɒrɡit ˈsigɛt -RSB- , Margareteninsel , Kızadası ) is a 2.5 km long island , 500 m wide , ( 0.965 km2 in area ) in the middle of the Danube in central Budapest , Hungary . The island is mostly covered by landscape parks , and is a popular recreational area . Its medieval ruins are reminders of its importance in the Middle Ages as a religious centre . The island spans the area between the Margaret Bridge ( south ) and the Árpád Bridge ( north ) . Before the 14th century the island was called Insula leporum ( Island of Rabbits ) . Administratively Margaret Island used to belong to the 13th district until 2013 . Now it is directly under the control of the city . Today 's appearance was developed through the connection of three separate islands , the Festő ( Painter ) , the Fürdő ( Bath ) and the Nyulak ( Rabbits ) , during the end of the 19th century , to control the flow of the Danube . Originally , the island was 102.5 metres above sea level , but now has been built up to 104.85 metres above sea level to control flooding .", "title": "" } ]	fever
50f0b91db660192978586ca82d288ab9	Land Rover makes the Range Rover Sport.	[ { "docid": "c93619e2b8a58e39593db4a7cc3289dc", "text": "Land Rover Land Rover is a car brand that specialises in four-wheel-drive vehicles , owned by British multinational car manufacturer Jaguar Land Rover , which has been owned by India 's Tata Motors since 2008 . The Land Rover is regarded as a British icon , and was granted a Royal Warrant by King George VI in 1951 . The Land Rover name was originally used by the Rover Company for the Land Rover Series , launched in 1948 . It developed into a brand encompassing a range of four-wheel-drive models , including the Defender , Discovery , Freelander , Range Rover , Range Rover Sport , and Range Rover Evoque . Land Rovers are currently assembled in the company 's Halewood and Solihull plants , with research and development taking place at the Gaydon and Whitley engineering centres . Land Rover sold 194,000 vehicles worldwide in 2009 . In September 2013 , Jaguar Land Rover announced plans to open a # 100 million ( US$ 160 million ) research and development centre in the University of Warwick , Coventry to create a next generation of vehicle technologies . The carmaker said around 1,000 academics and engineers would work there and that construction would start in 2014 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "91c4df465b45007507d5a1a929880300", "text": "MG Sports and Racing Europe MG Sports and Racing Europe Limited was a British automotive company based in Eardiston , Tenbury Wells in Worcestershire . The company was founded by William Riley , who acquired assets of the MG Sport and Racing subsidiary of MG Rover Group after its demise , with the intention of restarting production of the MG XPower SV sportscar , renamed MG XPower WR . The company was registered on 29 January 2007 . In December 2009 , it was reported in the press that no new cars had been manufactured by MG Sports and Racing Europe since its founding , and that employment tribunal proceedings had been initiated by two employees for non-payment of wages . Riley was also arrested by police in 2009 on suspicion of theft of an XPower WR car previously sold to a Canadian businessman who had been working on behalf of the company . The Police charges against Mr William Riley were dropped and he was awarded damages against the police . The case brought by two former employees is under investigation with court cases against both employees for attempting to obtain money for work not carried out . Riley 's use of the `` MG '' trademark resulted in a legal dispute with Nanjing Automobile ( Group ) Corporation , which had also acquired assets of the defunct MG Rover Group . This case was won by Nanjing in February 2010 . Consequently , the company name was changed to Sports and Racing Europe Ltd. in March 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cff68f0373a0f622f7995d1bbcc2fc30", "text": "Ford DEW platform The Ford DEW platform ( or DEW98 ) is Ford Motor Company 's midsized rear-wheel drive automobile platform . The D/E nomenclature was meant to express an intermediate size between D - and E-class vehicles , while the W denoted a worldwide platform . The platform was developed by both Ford and Jaguar engineers , and debuted in the Lincoln LS sedan . Ford 's use of the platform ended in 2006 , but Jaguar continued to use DEW98 after Jaguar was sold to Tata Motors in 2008 . Jaguar 's use of the platform ended in 2015 , with the introduction of the second-generation XF model , built on the Jaguar iQ -LSB- Al -RSB- modular platform . A less-expensive variant known as DEW Lite was originally to be used for the 2005 Ford Mustang , but the platform was significantly redesigned to become the Ford D2C platform , instead .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2141000d3c939618ff3ef396c0e6b56e", "text": "MG Cars MG ( Morris Garage ) is an English automotive marque registered by the now defunct MG Car Company Limited , a British sports car manufacturer begun in the 1920s as a sales promotion sideline within W R Morris 's Oxford city retail sales and service business by the business 's manager , Cecil Kimber . Best known for its two-seat open sports cars , MG also produced saloons and coupés . Kimber was an employee of William Morris . The MG business was Morris 's personal property until 1 July 1935 when he sold MG to his holding company , Morris Motors Limited , restructuring his holdings before issuing ( preference ) shares in Morris Motors to the public in 1936 . MG underwent many changes in ownership starting with Morris merging with Austin in The British Motor Corporation Limited in 1952 . MG became the MG Division of BMC in 1967 and so a component of the 1968 merger that created British Leyland Motor Corporation . By the start of 2000 MG was part of the MG Rover Group which entered receivership in 2005 and the assets and the MG brand were purchased by Nanjing Automobile Group ( which merged into SAIC in 2008 ) for 53 million . Production restarted in 2007 in China , and later at Longbridge plant in the UK under the current manufacturer MG Motor . The first all-new model from MG in the UK for 16 years , the MG 6 , was officially launched on 26 June 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c0344b8187d1a9c4169cd4607701a640", "text": "MG ZS The MG ZS is a sports family car that was built by MG from 2001 until 2005 . The ZS is essentially a tuned version of the Rover 45 ( which was launched in 1999 ) . The 45 in turn is a facelifted version of the Rover 400 which was launched in hatchback form in 1995 and saloon form in 1996 . The earlier version of the 400 ( Rover 400 Mk 1 ) was significantly different to the Mk 2 model . The 45 ( Mk 1 ) had no parts based on the Mk 1 400 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "01d44116525838a8f7452901a3a6b016", "text": "Mitsubishi Freeca The Mitsubishi Freeca is a compact MPV and compact SUV designed by Mitsubishi Motors and China Motor Corporation for the Asian market , and built in Taiwan , China and the Philippines , where it is known as the Mitsubishi Adventure . It was first released on September 11 , 1997 , and the 50,000 th Adventure was manufactured in the Philippines plant in March 2005 . In the Philippines , the Adventure was given major redesigns in 2001 and then 2004 , then a minor facelift in late 2009 . The vehicle is also known as the Mitsubishi Kuda in Indonesia where `` Kuda '' means Horse in Indonesian and where it was locally manufactured until 2005 , and Mitsubishi Jolie in Vietnam . The model name `` Freeca '' is coined from `` free '' and `` ca '' , the Taiwanese for vehicle . The Chinese factory also manufactures badge engineered Freecas for the South African market , which were locally assembled in Cape Town as the Africar Landio and Africar Jockey .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a078efed5d1fb3ee62dd2a63715ed082", "text": "Light Car Company The Light Car Company was a British manufacturer of automobiles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b1fce66ef46a239b4da30d059134075e", "text": "Zolfe Orange The Zolfe Orange is a car announced at the Autosport show in January 2006 built by Zolfe in Redditch , Worcestershire , United Kingdom . The car has a spaceframe chassis and composite body , with rear-drive . As shown originally the car had a Suzuki motor cycle engine but it was decided to lengthen the wheelbase for greater practicality and production cars have either a Mazda engine or a 2.3-litre Ford Duratec engine in various states of tune up to 300 bhp . The transmission is based on that from a Mazda MX5 . A production rate of 30 cars a year is hoped for . A special feature of the car is its very low weight of under 700 kg . For production cars the name was changed to the Zolfe GTC4 . Four variants are offered : the Sprintz is the basic road car ; the Speedz is intended for track use and has a six speed gearbox and limited slip differential ; the Sportz is a road going version of the Speedz with a liitle extra comfort and the Zolfster will be an open version of the car .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8be398bfb109c036eff7ebacd2262b36", "text": "J-segment J-segment is a car classification defined by European Commission as the segment of the sport utility cars ( including off-road vehicles ) . It is increasing in volume year by year in Europe ; in early 2015 , it became the second most popular segment ( behind the C-segment and overtaking the B-segment ) with 21.6 % market share . These cars come in a huge variety of sizes . As SUVs have developed in body style over the years , crossovers are also starting to emerge , a common combination being a hatchback and SUV . They have also gained popularity over the years with celebrities , encouraging large luxury vehicles with an emphasis on comfort , space and a high-ride position . Off-road vehicles also fit into this segment . Typical J-segment vehicles include the BMW X5 , Land Rover Discovery , Mercedes-Benz M-Class , Porsche Cayenne , Range Rover Sport , Volkswagen Touareg , Volvo XC90 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da637dd2059956eb8d0e9579182bed87", "text": "Mitsubishi Space Star The Mitsubishi Space Star is a multi-purpose vehicle ( MPV ) produced by the Japanese manufacturer Mitsubishi from 1998 to 2005 . It was built at the NedCar factory in the Netherlands and was primarily sold in the European markets . In 2013 , Mitsubishi began selling the sixth generation Mirage supermini under the Space Star name in parts of Europe , owing to legal rights relating to the use of the Mirage nameplate .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3793ce0a98c9c508483016037f2f5fb8", "text": "MG 3 The MG 3 is a budget supermini car produced by the Chinese automotive company SAIC . The first generation , marketed as the MG 3 SW , is based on the British made Rover Streetwise , which itself was similar to the Rover 25 , while the second generation , introduced in 2011 , is marketed simply as the MG 3 and is based heavily on the Skoda Fabia platform . It is the most popular Chinese car currently on sale in the United Kingdom .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d8dd05822d19dfa34b876a3c733a81f0", "text": "Rover Group The Rover Group plc was the name given in 1986 to the British vehicle manufacturer BL ( formerly British Leyland ) , which had been state-owned company since 1975 . It initially included the Austin Rover Group car business ( comprising the Austin , Rover , Mini and MG marques ) , Land Rover Group , Freight Rover vans and Leyland Trucks . The Rover Group was owned by British Aerospace ( BAe ) from 1988 to 1994 , when BAe sold the remaining car business to the German company BMW . The group was further broken up in 2000 , when Ford acquired the Land Rover division , with the Rover and MG marques continuing with the much smaller MG Rover Group until 2005 . Ownership of the original Rover Group marques is currently split between BMW ( Germany ) , SAIC ( China ) , and Tata Motors ( India ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c8edc8aaa83b93129a98d0735feca609", "text": "Dellow Dellow cars were made in a factory at Alvechurch , near Birmingham , England between 1949 and 1956 . Dellow Motors Ltd was started by Ken Delingpole and Ron Lowe to produce road-going sports cars for the enthusiast to use in trials , rallies and hill-climbs . A small number of very early cars used Austin 7 chassis as per Ron Lowe 's special , FUY 374 . The other prototypes included OP 3835 owned by Earl `` Mick '' Heighway , HAB 245 ( Eric Penn ) CAB 282 ( Lewis Tracey ) and EDE 384 ( Merrick ) . From 1950 , with scrap Austin 7 's in short supply , an 1172cc Ford 10 engine was utilised in an A-frame chassis with a very light tubular steel framework welded to the chassis and panelled in aluminium , early cars having no doors . The chassis frames were made partly from government surplus chrome-molybdenum rocket tubes , the rockets being RP3 types as used by Hawker Typhoon and Bristol Beaufighter aircraft . The design emphasis was on light weight and a rearward weight bias for trials . Many sporting awards were won by drivers of Dellow cars in the early 1950s , not only in trials but also in other events such as driving tests and hillclimbs . Dellows also took overall honours in the MCC organised Daily Express National Rally and the Circuit of Ireland Rally . Dellow drivers often shone in other forms of motor sport , Tony Marsh from Kinver went on to become RAC Hill Climb Champion on no less than 6 occasions . Peter Collins from Kidderminster , later drove for HWM , BRM and Vanwall , then for Ferrari . Dellow styling was created by Lionel Evans at his Radpanels coachbuilding business in Kidderminster . The car evolved through several variants known as Mk I to Mk V. Early cars had the Ford beam front axle with transverse spring and short Panhard rod , quarter elliptics at the rear and Andre Hartford friction dampers all round . The Ford torque-tube was suitably shortened and the vast majority of cars used the 3-speed Ford gearbox but a very small number of cars ( KOX 300 being one of them ) were produced to customer order with a 4 speed gearbox , from the 10M series Morris . The Ford E93A engines were mildly tuned and many used twin SU 's on a cast alloy ` Dellow ' manifold . However , as an option the factory also offered the car with a Wade-Ventor ( Roots type ) supercharger installation . The MkII saw the introduction of a new and much more robust rear chassis section with coil springs , separate telescopic shock absorbers and a Panhard rod . This stiffer chassis allowed doors to become an optional fitting . The Mk V version was derived from the `` Lightweight '' Dellow ( WRF 81 ) constructed by Tony Marsh for speed events in 1954 . It saw coil springs introduced at the front ( over telescopic dampers ) although still with a one-piece Ford beam axle . About 300 Dellows in total are believed to have been constructed . A new company , Dellow Engineering , based in Oldbury near Birmingham produced a Mk VI - often incorrectly quoted as having a glass fibre body , it too was in fact built with alloy panelling . Very few Mk VI 's were made .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2dc12124a8f05e80ad11c29b546c696f", "text": "Mercedes-Benz G-Class The Mercedes-Benz G-Class , sometimes called G-Wagen ( short for Geländewagen , `` cross country vehicle '' ) , is a mid-size four-wheel drive luxury SUV manufactured by Magna Steyr ( formerly Steyr-Daimler-Puch ) in Austria and sold by Mercedes-Benz . In certain markets , it has been sold under the Puch name as Puch G . The G-wagen is characterized by its boxy styling and body-on-frame construction . It uses three fully locking differentials , one of the few vehicles to have such a feature . Despite the introduction of an intended replacement , the unibody SUV Mercedes-Benz GL-Class in 2006 , the G-Class is still in production and is one of the longest produced Mercedes-Benz in Daimler 's history , with a span of 35 years . Only the Unimog surpasses it . The G-class was developed as a military vehicle from a suggestion by the Shah of Iran ( at the time a significant Mercedes shareholder ) to Mercedes and offered as a civilian version in 1979 . In this role it is sometimes referred to as the `` Wolf '' and LAPV Enok . The Peugeot P4 is a variant made under license , with a Peugeot engine and different parts . It was not available from Mercedes-Benz in the United States until 2002 , although this was preceded by a grey-market where even basic models commanded six-figure prices in the 1990s . It was launched in 2002 as the Mercedes-Benz G500 with a V-8 gas engine and achieved 3114 sales that year . This eventually tapered down to some sub-1000 sales years , however , in the 2010s sales began to increase again surpassing 3000 in 2014 and in 2015 it sold more than in its launch year , with 3616 sold that year . In 2016 this increased to 3950 in the United States . Canada saw a similar increase , which , although is a smaller market saw sales increase from 127 in 2012 to over 400 in 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4823950fe257f8ea0e34ca0b1e108dca", "text": "Mahindra Scorpio Getaway The Mahindra Scorpio Getaway is slotted in the pick-up truck segment or the lifestyle SUV segment and Mahindra knows this segment is at nascent stage in India , it wants to be the leader in this niche segment . The Getaway is a new category creating offering from the Scorpio stable . The new lifestyle product is based on the Scorpio platform and sports a grand deck that can carry various equipment and gear as per your lifestyle needs . It exudes ruggedness and style and is an extension of the go-getting persona of young Indians who do not shy of flaunting their success & lifestyle . The new Scorpio Getaway packs the DNA of the Scorpio into a lifestyle SUV . This vehicle complements the lifestyle of a growing breed of young adventurous Indians who work hard and play hard . They refuse to compromise on luxury and style , requiring a vehicle that can take them and their gear around in comfort as per their lifestyle needs . The Scorpio Getaway is available in 2WD and 4WD options and comes in 4 attractive colours . It pumps its power from its 2600cc common-rail diesel engine ( CRDe ) . M&M has not compromised on the safety aspect of the vehicle as well . The globally certified safety features include crash protecting crumple zones , child lock , collapsible steering and side intrusion beams . Also , the tubeless tires , voice assist system and remote locking / unlocking of the vehicle are the additional safety features . The Mahindra Scorpio Getaway is essentially the second vehicle launched by Mahindra on the Mahindra Scorpio platform . Available in a 4-door trim and both 4X4 and 4X2 wheel drive configurations , it falls in the life-style pick up truck class , a class that has not seen good response in markets like India . This vehicle with similar features is also available in markets like South Africa and Australia ( as Mahindra Pik-Up ) where it is also available in a 2-door version . Prices range upward of 6,99,000 Indian Rupees . This vehicle faces competition in the form of Mahindra 's own comparatively lower model `` Mahindra Bolero Camper '' and the Tata TL . In the Australian and New Zealand markets the Mahindra Scorpio Getaway has been launched as the Mahindra Pik-Up in 2014 . The oceanic version uses a 2.2 L -LSB- mHawk -RSB- diesel engine delivering 88 kW@4000rpm and 280 Nm@1800rpm .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3d7bcb2e63eba1e34e9e3af20464ba6f", "text": "Triumph TR3 The Triumph TR3 is a British sports car produced between 1955 and 1962 by the Standard-Triumph Motor Company of Coventry , England . A traditional roadster , the TR3 is an evolution of the company 's earlier TR2 model , with greater power and improved braking . Updated variants , popularly but unofficially known as the `` TR3A '' and `` TR3B '' , entered production in 1957 and 1962 respectively . The TR3 was succeeded by the Michelotti-styled , mechanically similar Triumph TR4 . The rugged ` sidescreen ' TR , so named for its employment of removable plexiglass side curtains , was a sales and motorsport success . With approximately 74,800 TR3s sold across all variants , the model was the company 's third best seller , behind the TR7 ( 111,500 units ) and TR6 ( 94,500 units ) models . The Triumph was campaigned in races , hill climbs , and rallies across Europe and North America , with several outright , team , and class victories to its credit .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a20db91c67854c6069009c3bcac1ce5", "text": "Buick Buick ( -LSB- ` bjuː.ɪk -RSB- ) , formally the Buick Motor Division , is an upscale automobile brand of the American manufacturer General Motors ( GM ) . For much of its existence in the North American market , Buick has been marketed as a premium automobile brand , selling luxury vehicles positioned above GM 's mainstream brands , e.g. Chevrolet , while below the flagship luxury Cadillac division . Buick-branded vehicles are also known for reliability , ranking high for reliability in Consumer Reports ' brand reliability rankings . Buick has the distinction of being the oldest active American marque of automobile , and was the company that established General Motors in 1908 . Before the establishment of General Motors , GM founder William C. Durant had served as Buick 's general manager and major investor . Buick also has the distinction of being the first automobile maker in the world to equip its cars with overhead valve engines , which it did starting in 1904 . In 2015 , Buick sold 1,231,941 vehicles , a record for the brand . The main market is in China , where 80 % of Buick-branded automobiles are sold . Buicks are also sold in the United States , Canada , and Mexico . Since restructuring in 2009 , GM has also started to share technology , vehicles and development between Buick and GM 's European Opel division .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cc15f8ad02e8e4f16217d60a97d18ec3", "text": "Reliant Reliant was a British car manufacturer . The company was traditionally based at Tamworth in Staffordshire . Reliant was mainly known for producing the 3-wheeled Reliant Robin , ( in spite of the fact most people erroneously refer to them as `` Robin Reliant '' ) but in fact produced a variety of different vehicles during a production run of over 60 years , including popular sports cars , convertibles and commercial vehicles . Around 1 to 2 million Reliant vehicles were produced , and were sold in at least 9 countries . For a period from the 1970s to the 1990s , Reliant was the UK 's biggest British-owned car manufacturer . Reliant Motor Company LTD is now a dormant company and the only part that still exists is Reliant partsworld which produce spares for Reliant vehicles and the Tempest sports car manufactured in Malvern .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f2f6a95a7b751495de859a1570ad0b5b", "text": "Jaguar XJR Jaguar XJR is a nameplate used by Jaguar Cars for several line of vehicles : Jaguar XJR Sportscars , a line of Group C race cars . Several high performance versions of the company 's flagship XJ saloons . XJR", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a02f77c21e526bd2718f0951957c02bc", "text": "Rover Scout Rover Scouts , Rovers , Rover Scouting or Rovering is a service program associated with Scouting for young men , and in many countries , women into their early 20s . A group of Rovers is called a ` Rover Crew ' . The Rover program was originated by The Boy Scouts Association in the United Kingdom in 1918 to provide a program for young men who had grown up beyond the age range of the Boy Scouts . It was quickly adopted by many other national Scouting organizations . Many Scouting organisations , including The Scout Association , no longer include a Rover program . Some have replaced it with other programs while others , including Traditional Scouting organizations maintain the original program .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "914bafd1c8d57d26877a767564be0a2a", "text": "Holden Colorado The Holden Colorado utility vehicle ( pickup truck ) and similar Holden Colorado 7 sport utility vehicle ( SUV ) are sold in Australasia by Holden . Introduced in 2008 to replace the Holden Rodeo , the Colorado is built by Isuzu and is in its second generation . Colorado Category : Cars introduced in 2008", "title": "" } ]	fever
53ab4ca466027a44388a1adcea029b02	Tardigrade are extremophilic.	[ { "docid": "9b299b2ab4d3cf047ce6c31d62c95092", "text": "Tardigrade Tardigrades ( -LSB- ˈtɑrdᵻˌgreɪd -RSB- also known as water bears , space bears , or moss piglets ) are water-dwelling , eight-legged , segmented micro-animals . They were first discovered by the German zoologist Johann August Ephraim Goeze in 1773 . The name Tardigrada ( meaning `` slow stepper '' ) was given three years later by the Italian biologist Lazzaro Spallanzani . They have been found everywhere from mountaintops to the deep sea , mud volcanoes , and from tropical rain forests to the Antarctic . Tardigrades are one of the most resilient animals known : they can survive extreme conditions that would be rapidly fatal to nearly all other known life forms . They can withstand temperature ranges from 1 K ( close to absolute zero ) to about 420 K for several minutes , pressures about six times greater than those found in the deepest ocean trenches , ionizing radiation at doses hundreds of times higher than the lethal dose for a human , and the vacuum of outer space . They can go without food or water for more than 30 years , drying out to the point where they are 3 % or less water , only to rehydrate , forage , and reproduce . Tardigrades living in harsh conditions undergo an annual process of cyclomorphosis . They are not considered extremophilic because they are not adapted to exploit these conditions . This means that their chances of dying increase the longer they are exposed to the extreme environments , whereas true extremophiles thrive in a physically or geochemically extreme environment that would harm most other organisms . Usually , tardigrades are about 0.5 mm long when they are fully grown . They are short and plump with four pairs of legs , each with four to eight claws also known as `` disks '' . The first three pairs of legs are directed ventrolaterally and are the primary means of locomotion , while the fourth pair is directed posteriorly on the terminal segment of the trunk and is used primarily for grasping the substrate . Tardigrades are prevalent in mosses and lichens and feed on plant cells , algae , and small invertebrates . When collected , they may be viewed under a very low-power microscope , making them accessible to students and amateur scientists . Tardigrades form the phylum Tardigrada , part of the superphylum Ecdysozoa . It is an ancient group , with fossils dating from 530 million years ago , in the Cambrian period . About 1,150 species of tardigrades have been described . Tardigrades can be found throughout the world , from the Himalayas ( above 6000 m ) , to the deep sea ( below 4000 m ) and from the polar regions to the equator .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "113e76c4487d6742062d80f6863608fd", "text": "Ceratopsia Ceratopsia or Ceratopia ' ( -LSB- ˌsɛrəˈtɒpsiə -RSB- or -LSB- ˌsɛrəˈtoʊpiə -RSB- Greek : `` horned faces '' ) is a group of herbivorous , beaked dinosaurs that thrived in what are now North America , Europe , and Asia , during the Cretaceous Period , although ancestral forms lived earlier , in the Jurassic . The earliest known ceratopsian , Yinlong downsi , lived between 161.2 and 155.7 million years ago . The last ceratopsian species , Triceratops prorsus , became extinct during the Cretaceous -- Paleogene extinction event , . Early members of the ceratopsian group , such as Psittacosaurus , were small bipedal animals . Later members , including ceratopsids like Centrosaurus and Triceratops , became very large quadrupeds and developed elaborate facial horns and frills extending over the neck . While these frills might have served to protect the vulnerable neck from predators , they may also have been used for display , thermoregulation , the attachment of large neck and chewing muscles or some combination of the above . Ceratopsians ranged in size from 1 meter ( 3 ft ) and 23 kilograms ( 50 lb ) to over 9 meters ( 30 ft ) and 9,100 kg ( 20,100 lb ) . Triceratops is by far the best-known ceratopsian to the general public . It is traditional for ceratopsian genus names to end in '' - ceratops '' , although this is not always the case . One of the first named genera was Ceratops itself , which lent its name to the group , although it is considered a nomen dubium '' today as its fossil remains have no distinguishing characteristics that are not also found in other ceratopsians .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0e37e659d0f2652569d4a7212e931b14", "text": "Eurypterid Eurypterids ( sea scorpions ) are an extinct group of arthropods related to arachnids that include the largest known arthropods to have ever lived . They are members of the extinct order Eurypterida ( Chelicerata ) ; which is the most diverse Paleozoic chelicerate order in terms of species . The name Eurypterida comes from the Greek words eury - ( meaning `` broad '' or `` wide '' ) and pteron ( meaning `` wing '' ) . This name was chosen due to the pair of wide swimming appendages on the first fossil eurypterids discovered . The largest , such as Jaekelopterus , reached 2.5 m in length , but most species were less than 20 cm . They were formidable predators that thrived in warm shallow water , in both seas and lakes , from the mid Ordovician to late Permian . Although informally called `` sea scorpions '' , only the earliest ones were marine ( later ones lived in brackish or freshwater ) , and they were not true scorpions . According to theory , the move from the sea to fresh water had probably occurred by the Pennsylvanian subperiod . Eurypterids are believed to have undergone ecdysis , making their significance in ecosystems difficult to assess , because it can be difficult to tell a fossil moult from a true fossil carcass . They became extinct during the Permian -- Triassic extinction event or sometime before the event . Their fossils have a near global distribution . About two dozen families of eurypterids are known . Perhaps the best-known genus of eurypterid is Eurypterus , of which around 16 fossil species are known . The genus Eurypterus was described in 1825 by James Ellsworth De Kay , a zoologist . He recognized the arthropod nature of the first-ever described eurypterid specimen , found by Dr. S. L. Mitchill . In 1984 , that species , Eurypterus remipes was named the state fossil of New York . Pentecopterus decorahensis , which lived as early as 467.3 million years ago , is the oldest described eurypterid ; with an estimated length of 1.83 m , it has been described as `` the first real big predator '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bd04a55388b067897fd3700ff76e1ed4", "text": "Reptiles (M. C. Escher) Reptiles is a lithograph print by the Dutch artist M. C. Escher first printed in March 1943 . It depicts a desk upon which is a 2D drawing of a tessellated pattern of reptiles and hexagons . The reptiles at one edge of the drawing emerge into three dimensional reality , come to life and appear to crawl over a series of symbolic objects ( a book on nature , a geometers triangle , a three dimensional/pentagonal dodecahedron , a pewter bowl containing a box of matches and a box of cigarettes ) to eventually re-enter the drawing at its opposite edge . Other objects on the desk that may also be symbolic are a potted cactus and yucca , a ceramic flask with a cork stopper next to a small glass of liquid , a book of JOB cigarette rolling papers , and an open handwritten note book of many pages . Although only the size of small lizards , the reptiles have protruding crocodile-like fangs , and the one atop the dodecahedron has a dragon-like puff of smoke billowing from its nostrils . Like many of Escher 's works , the meaning of the imagery is enigmatic . There are , however , a number of scholarly interpretations of the work . One is that the lizard represents man , emerging from pure concept in two dimensions , becoming a three dimensional being , groping through life acquiring knowledge and wisdom , arriving at deep understanding of science and sacred geometric principals and the alchemical/spiritual nature of reality and existence , and finally descending to reunion with the realm of pure concept . In this theory the objects around the edge of the drawing are signals of the stages of emergence ( cactus , biological life ) , the beginning of the fire-quest for knowledge ( rolling papers ) , contemplation and distillation ( a jug and partially consumed glass of spirits ) , deep study , understanding and wisdom ( the open well-used notebook ) , and re-integration ( matches and cigarettes symbolizing controlled/civilized fire that nonetheless consumes and returns the physical to the abstract ) . Once a woman telephoned Escher and told him that she thought the image was a `` striking illustration of reincarnation '' . Another anecdote revolves around the small book on the desk with the letters JOB printed on it . Many people believed it to represent the biblical Book of Job . This is understandable since the reptilian animal matches the description of the extinct creature `` Leviathan '' in chapter 41 . The identity of the creature is difficult to determine as the book of Job is the oldest book in the Bible . Some say it may be Sarcosuchus . This ancient crocodyliform was discovered in Niger , Africa , which is near the proposed location of Uz , where the events of Job took place . The most likely interpretation of the small book in this work is that it is a book of JOB brand cigarette rolling papers that references the book in the Bible . It is uniquely coincidental how both the cigarette paper and Leviathan are related to fire .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7a3f48b2596ce482fc7444b84bbf9511", "text": "Globidonta Globidonta is a clade of alligatoroids that includes alligators , caimans , and closely related extinct forms . It is defined as a stem-based clade including Alligator mississippiensis ( the American Alligator ) and all forms more closely related to it than to Diplocynodon . The group 's fossil range extends back into the Late Cretaceous with early alligatoroids such as Albertochampsa and Brachychampsa . Extinct globidontans were particularly common in North America and Eurasia , and their modern range also includes South America . The oldest known globidontan is Acynodon from France , which is also the most basal . Basal globidontans are characterized by their blunt snouts and bulbous teeth . Modern globidontans have flattened snouts and more conical teeth , and are seen as more generalized than earlier globidontans . Generalized forms are usually expected to be ancestral to more specialized forms rather than descendants of them , so it is unusual for basal members of the group to appear specialized . This seems to conflict with the `` Law of the Unspecialized '' first proposed by Edward Drinker Cope in 1894 . Under the Law of the Unspecialized , morphological change is always directed toward specialization , and specialized forms can never become `` unspecialized '' again . This pattern of change , while not seen in globidontans , can be observed in basal members of Alligatoroidea and Crocodyloidea . Flat-snouted globidontans occurred two times in the evolution of the clade : once in caimans and once in alligators . Alligator sinensis , the Chinese Alligator , has a snout that is somewhat blunt and could be considered specialized . However , its snout is not nearly as blunt as those of more basal globidontans such as Albertachampsa . If the last common ancestor of Diplocynodon and globidontans was more like Diplocynodon , it would have had a generalized snout shape . It is also possible that the generalized form of Diplocynodon may also have arisen from a specialized blunt-snouted ancestor . Baryphracta , a diplocynodontine closely related to Diplocynondon , has a blunt snout and may have been similar in appearance to such an ancestor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2eb37a376a44fb6ae04f617686c54954", "text": "Ensifera Ensifera is a suborder of the order Orthoptera , including insects in the families Gryllidae ( true crickets ) , Prophalangopsidae ( grigs ) , Stenopelmatidae ( Jerusalem crickets , king crickets , tree and giant wetas ) , Gryllacrididae ( leaf-rolling and raspy crickets ) , Cooloolidae ( cooloola monsters ) , Rhaphidophoridae ( cave and camel crickets ) , Schizodactylidae ( dune or splay-footed crickets ) and Tettigoniidae ( bush crickets or katydids ) . The Tettigoniidae are sometimes known as the long-horned grasshoppers to distinguish them from the other suborder of Orthoptera , the Caelifera or short-horned grasshoppers . Ensifera is believed to be a more ancient group than Caelifera , with its origins in the Carboniferous period , the split having occurred at the end of the Permian period . `` Ensifer '' means `` sword bearer '' in Latin , and refers to the typically elongated and blade-like ovipositor of the females .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a7bd45d4c8fa39974a62953eaf3491cf", "text": "Gammarus Gammarus is an amphipod crustacean genus in the family Gammaridae . It contains more than 200 described species , making it one of the most speciose genera of crustaceans . Different species have different optimal conditions , particularly in terms of salinity , and different tolerances ; Gammarus pulex , for instance , is a purely freshwater species , while Gammarus locusta is estuarine , only living where the salinity is greater than 25 ‰ . Species of Gammarus are the typical `` scuds '' of North America and range widely throughout the Holarctic . A considerable number are also found southwards into the Northern Hemisphere tropics , particularly in Southeast Asia . The following species are included : Gammarus abscisus G. Karaman , 1973 Gammarus abstrusus Hou , Platvoet & Li , 2006 Gammarus acalceolatus Pinkster , 1970 Gammarus accolae G. Karaman , 1973 Gammarus accretus Hou & Li , 2002 Gammarus acherondytes Hubricht & Mackins , 1940 Gammarus aequicauda ( Martynov , 1931 ) Gammarus agrarius G. Karaman , 1973 Gammarus albimanus G. Karaman , 1968 Gammarus alsaticus Van Straelen , 1924 † Gammarus anatoliensis Schellenberg , 1937 Gammarus angulatus ( Martynov , 1930 ) Gammarus angusticoxalis Martynov , 1935 Gammarus annandalei ( Monod , 1924 ) Gammarus annulatus Smith , 1873 Gammarus anodon Stock , Mirzajani , Vonk , Naderi & Kiabi , 1998 Gammarus aoculus Hou & Li , 2003 Gammarus araxenius Derzhavin , 1938 Gammarus arduus G. Karaman , 1975 Gammarus argaeus Vávra , 1905 Gammarus bakhteyaricus Khalayi-Pirbalanty & Sari , 2004 Gammarus balcanicus Schaferna , 1922 Gammarus barnaulensis Schellenberg , 1937 Gammarus baysali Özbek et al. , 2013 Gammarus belli G. Karaman , 1984 Gammarus bergi Martynov , 1930 Gammarus birsteini Karaman & Pinkster , 1977 Gammarus bosniacus Schäferna , 1922 Gammarus bousfieldi Cole & Minckley , 1961 Gammarus brevicornis ( Martynov , 1935 ) Gammarus brevipodus Hou , Li & Platvoet , 2004 Gammarus breviramus Bousfield & Elwood , 1971 Gammarus bucharensis Martynov , 1935 Gammarus caparti Petre-Stroobants , 1981 Gammarus caucasicus Martynov , 1932 Gammarus caudisetus Viviani , 1805 Gammarus chaohuensis Hou & Li , 2002 Gammarus chevreuxi Sexton , 1913 Gammarus chimkenti G. Karaman , 1984 Gammarus chostensis Martynov , 1932 Gammarus cohabitus Hosinger , Shafer , Fong & Culver , 2008 Gammarus comosus Hou , Li & Gao , 2005 Gammarus craspedotrichus Hou & Li , 2002 Gammarus crenulatus G. S. Karaman & Pinkster , 1977 Gammarus crinicaudatus Stock , Mirzajani , Vonk , Naderi & Kiabi , 1998 Gammarus crinicornis Stock , 1966 Gammarus crispus Martynov , 1932 Gammarus curvativus Hou & Li , 2003 Gammarus dabanus Tachteew & Mekhanikova , 2000 Gammarus daiberi Bousfield , 1969 Gammarus decorosus Meng , Hou & Li , 2003 Gammarus denticulatus Hou , Li & Morino , 2002 Gammarus desperatus Cole , 1981 Gammarus dorsosetosus Mateus & Mateus , 1990 Gammarus duebeni Liljeborg , 1852 Gammarus dulensis S. Karaman , 1929 Gammarus edwardsi Bate , 1862 Gammarus effultus G. Karaman , 1975 Gammarus electrus Hou & Li , 2003 Gammarus elevatus Hou , Li & Morino , 2002 Gammarus elvirae Iannilli & Ruffo , 2002 Gammarus emeiensis Hou , Li & Koenemann , 2002 Gammarus fasciatus Say , 1818 Gammarus finmarchicus Dahl , 1938 Gammarus flabellifera Stimpson , 1856 Gammarus fluviatilis Milne-Edwards , 1840 † Gammarus fontinalis Costa , 1883 Gammarus fossarum Koch , 1836 Gammarus frater Karaman & Pinkster , 1977 Gammarus frigidus Hou & Li , 2004 Gammarus galgosensis Lee & Kim , 2004 Gammarus galgosensis Lee & Kim , 1980 Gammarus gauthieri ( S. Karaman , 1935 ) Gammarus glabratus Hou & Li , 2003 Gammarus goedmakersae G. S. Karaman & Pinkster , 1977 Gammarus gracilis Martynov , 1935 Gammarus gregoryi Tattersall , 1924 Gammarus halilicae G. Karaman , 1969 Gammarus hegmatanensis Hekmatara , Sari & Baladehi , 2011 Gammarus hirsutus Martynov , 1935 Gammarus hongyuanensis Barnard & Dai , 1988 Gammarus hoonsooi Lee , 1986 Gammarus hyalelloides Cole , 1976 Gammarus ibericus Margalef , 1951 Gammarus inaequicauda Stock , 1966 Gammarus inberbus Karaman & Pinkster , 1977 Gammarus inopinatus Mateus & Mateus , 1990 Gammarus insensibilis Stock , 1966 Gammarus italicus Goedmakers & Pinkster , 1977 Gammarus izmirensis Özbek , 2007 Gammarus jacksoni Morino & Whitman , 1995 Gammarus jaspidus Hou & Li , 2004 Gammarus jenneri Bynum & Fox , 1977 Gammarus kamtschaticus Tzvetkova , 1972 Gammarus kasymovi Aliev , 1997 Gammarus katagani Özbek , 2012 Gammarus kesanensis Özbek & Camur-Elipek , 2010 Gammarus kesslerianus Martynov , 1931 Gammarus kischineffensis Schellenberg , 1937 Gammarus komareki ( Schaferna , 1922 ) Gammarus korbuensis Martynov , 1930 Gammarus koshovi Bazikalova , 1946 Gammarus kyonggiensis Lee & Seo , 1990 Gammarus laborifer Karaman & Pinkster , 1977 Gammarus lacustris G. O. Sars , 1864 Gammarus lasaensis Barnard & Dai , 1988 Gammarus laticoxalis Karaman & Pinkster , 1977 Gammarus lawrencianus Bousfield , 1956 Gammarus lecroyae Thoma & Heard , 2009 Gammarus ledoyeri G. Karaman , 1987 Gammarus lepoliensis Jazdzewski & Konopacka , 1989 Gammarus lichuanensis Hou & Li , 2002 Gammarus limnaeus S. I. smith , 1874 Gammarus lobifer Stock , Mirzajani , Vonk , Naderi & Kiabi , 1998 Gammarus locusta ( Linnaeus , 1758 ) Gammarus longipedis Karaman & Pinkster , 1987 Gammarus longisaeta Lee & Seo , 1992 Gammarus lophacanthus Hou & Li , 2002 Gammarus lordeganensis Khalayi-Pirbalanty & Sari , 2004 Gammarus lychnidensis Schellenberg , 1943 Gammarus macedonicus G. Karaman , 1976 Gammarus madidus Hou & Li , 2005 Gammarus marmouchensis Fadil , 2006 Gammarus maroccanus Fadil & Dakki , 2001 Gammarus martensi Hou & Li , 2004 Gammarus matienus Derzhavin , 1938 Gammarus miae Mateus & Mateus , 1990 Gammarus microps Pinkster & Goedmakers , 1975 Gammarus minus Say , 1818 Gammarus mladeni Karaman & Pinkster , 1977 Gammarus monospeliensis Pinkster , 1972 Gammarus montanus Hou , Li & Platvoet , 2004 Gammarus mucronatus Say , 1818 Gammarus murarius Hou & Li , 2004 Gammarus nekkensis Uchida , 1935 Gammarus ninglangensis Hou & Li , 2003 Gammarus nipponensis Uéno , 1940 Gammarus nox Stock , 1995 Gammarus nudus Martynov , 1931 Gammarus obnixus Karaman & Pinkster , 1977 Gammarus obruki Özbek , 2012 Gammarus oceanicus Segerstråle , 1947 Gammarus ocellatus Martynov , 1930 Gammarus ochridensis ( Schäferna , 1926 ) Gammarus odaensis Lee & Kim , 1980 Gammarus odettae Mateus & Mateus , 1990 Gammarus oeningensis Heer , 1865 † Gammarus orinos Pinkster & Schol , 1984 Gammarus oronticus Alouf , 1979 Gammarus osellai Karaman & Pinkster , 1977 Gammarus pageti Mateus & Mateus , 1990 Gammarus palustris Bousfield , 1969 Gammarus parechiniformis G. Karaman , 1977 Gammarus paricrenatus Stock , Mirzajani , Vonk , Naderi & Kiabi , 1998 Gammarus parthicus Stock , Mirzajani , Vonk , Naderi & Kiabi , 1998 Gammarus paucispinus Hou & Li , 2002 Gammarus pavlovici Gammarus pavo Karaman & Pinkster , 1977 Gammarus paynei Delong , 1992 Gammarus pecos Cole & Bousfield , 1970 Gammarus pellucidus Gurjanova , 1930 Gammarus pexus Hou & Li , 2005 Gammarus platvoeti Hou & Li , 2003 Gammarus pljakici G. Karaman , 1964 Gammarus plumipes Mateus & Mateus , 1990 Gammarus praecyrius Derzhavin , 1941 † Gammarus preciosus Wang , Hou & Li , 2009 Gammarus pretzmanni Mateus & Mateus , 1990 Gammarus proiectus Stock , Mirzajani , Vonk , Naderi & Kiabi , 1998 Gammarus pseudoanatoliensis Karaman & Pinkster , 1987 Gammarus pseudolimnaeus Bousfield , 1958 Gammarus pseudosyriacus Karaman & Pinkster , 1977 Gammarus pulex Linnaeus , 1758 Gammarus qiani Hou & Li , 2002 Gammarus rambouseki S. Karaman , 1931 Gammarus retzi Maikovsky , 1941 † Gammarus rifatlensis Fadil , 2006 Gammarus riparius Hou & Li , 2002 Gammarus roeselii Gervais , 1835 Gammarus rouxi Pinkster & Goedmakers , 1975 Gammarus salemaai G. Karaman , 1985 Gammarus salinus Spooner , 1947 Gammarus sepidannus Zamanpoore , Poeckl , Grabowski & Schiemer , 2009 Gammarus setosus Dementieva , 1931 Gammarus shanxiensis Barnard & Dai , 1988 Gammarus shenmuensis Hou & Li , 2004 Gammarus sichuanensis Hou , Li & Zheng , 2002 Gammarus sinuolatus Hou & Li , 2004 Gammarus sirvannus Hekmatara , Sari & Baladehi , 2011 Gammarus sketi G. Karaman , 1989 Gammarus sobaegensis G. Karaman , 1984 Gammarus solidus G. Karaman , 1977 Gammarus songirdaki G. Karaman , 1984 Gammarus soyoensis Lee & Kim , 1980 Gammarus spelaeus Martynov , 1931 Gammarus spinipalmus ( Chen , 1939 ) Gammarus spooneri G. Karaman , 1991 Gammarus stagnarius Hou , Li & Morino , 2002 Gammarus stalagmiticus Hou & Li , 2005 Gammarus stankokaramani G. Karaman , 1976 Gammarus stojicevici ( S. Karaman , 1929 ) Gammarus stupendus Pinkster , 1983 Gammarus subtypicus Stock , 1966 Gammarus suifunensis Martynov , 1925 Gammarus syriacus Chevreux , 1895 Gammarus takesensis Hou , Li & Platvoet , 2004 Gammarus taliensis Shen , 1954 Gammarus tauricus Martynov , 1931 Gammarus teletzkensis Martynov , 1930 Gammarus tigrinus Sexton , 1939 Gammarus topkarai Özbek & Balik , 2009 Gammarus translucidus Hou , Li & Li , 2004 Gammarus troglophilus Hubricht & Mackins , 1940 Gammarus truncatus Martynov , 1930 Gammarus turanus Martynov , 1935 Gammarus uludagi G. S. Karaman , 1975 Gammarus unguiserratus Costa , 1853 Gammarus ustaoglui Özbek & Guloglu , 2005 Gammarus varsoviensis Jazdzewski , 1975 Gammarus vignai Pinkster & Karaman , 1978 Gammarus wangbangensis Lee & Seo , 1990 Gammarus wautieri Roux , 1967 Gammarus wilkitzkii Birula , 1897 Gammarus xiangfengensis Hou & Li , 2002 Gammarus zaddachi Sexton , 1912 Gammarus zagrosensis Zamanpoore , Poeckl , Grabowski & Schiemer , 2009 Gammarus zeongogensis Lee & Kim , 1980", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b612d6ddfd9321f4c7814dcc9c2d33fe", "text": "Ceratiidae Sea devils are the family of deep-sea anglerfish known as the Ceratiidae , from the Greek keras , `` horn '' , referring to the bioluminescent lure that projects from the fishes ' forehead . They are among the most widespread of the anglerfishes , found in all oceans from the tropics to the Antarctic . They are large and elongated : females of the largest species , Krøyer 's deep sea angler fish , Ceratias holboelli , reach 1.2 m in length . Males , by contrast , are much smaller , reaching 14 cm , and , like other anglerfishes , spend much of their lives attached to a female after a free-living adolescent stage in which they are very small - at most 1.3 cm - and have sharp , beak-like , toothless jaws . One or more males attach themselves permanently to a female , eventually merging circulatory systems . As this genetic chimera matures , the male grows large testicles , while the rest of its body atrophies . Ceratioidea are the only creatures known to become chimeras as a normal part of their lifecycle .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3f3d0b3a417c6907ab8b778dfe798cf", "text": "Flying frog A flying frog ( also called a gliding frog ) is a frog that has the ability to achieve gliding flight . That is , it can descend at an angle of less than 45 ° relative to the horizontal . Other ( non-flying ) arboreal frogs can also descend vertically , but only at angles greater than 45 ° , which is referred to as parachuting . Gliding flight has evolved independently among 3,400 species of frogs from both New World ( Hylidae ) and Old World ( Rhacophoridae ) families . This parallel evolution is seen as an adaptation to their life in trees , high above the ground . Characteristics of the Old World species include `` enlarged hands and feet , full webbing between all fingers and toes , lateral skin flaps on the arms and legs , and reduced weight per snout-vent length '' . These morphological changes contribute to the flying frog 's aerodynamic abilities . Alfred Russel Wallace made one of the earliest reports of a flying frog . The species he observed was later described by George Albert Boulenger as Rhacophorus nigropalmatus . Flying frogs includes members of the following genera : Ecnomiohyla ( Hylidae ) Polypedates ( Rhacophoridae ) Rhacophorus ( Rhacophoridae )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ccf49a303a3ec48f8f126665dad95411", "text": "Ampharetidae Ampharetidae are a family of terebellid `` bristle worm '' ( class Polychaeta ) . As such , they belong to the order Canalipalpata , one of the three main clades of polychaetes . They appear to be most closely related to the peculiar alvinellids ( Alvinellidae ) which inhabit the deep sea , and somewhat less closely to the well-known trumpet worms ( Pectinariidae ) . These three appear to form one of the main clades of terebellids . Almost all are ( like polychaetes in general ) marine organisms ; some inhabit brackish or freshwater though . Most are smallish deposit feeders which frequently live in small tubes they build from mud or similar substrate , or burrow in the sand . The Ampharetidae are divided into three subfamilies : the large Ampharetinae , the much smaller Melinninae , and the monotypic Uschakovinae . Also , there are some ampharetid genera incertae sedis or in a quite basal position : Aryandes Pavelius Rytocephalus", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c831c66a6374e9ba745ba830d40f5787", "text": "Hermaphrodite In biology , a hermaphrodite is an organism that has reproductive organs normally associated with both male and female sexes . Many taxonomic groups of animals ( mostly invertebrates ) do not have separate sexes . In these groups , hermaphroditism is a normal condition , enabling a form of sexual reproduction in which either partner can act as the `` female '' or `` male '' . For example , the great majority of tunicates , pulmonate snails , opisthobranch snails and slugs are hermaphrodites . Hermaphroditism is also found in some fish species and to a lesser degree in other vertebrates . Most plants are also hermaphrodites . Historically , the term hermaphrodite has also been used to describe ambiguous genitalia and gonadal mosaicism in individuals of gonochoristic species , especially human beings . The word intersex has come into preferred usage for humans , since the word hermaphrodite is considered to be misleading and stigmatizing , as well as `` scientifically specious and clinically problematic '' . A rough estimate of the number of hermaphroditic animal species is 65,000 . Since the estimated total number of animal species is 8.6 million , the percentage of animal species that are hermaphroditic is about 0.7 % . Arthropods are the phylum with the largest number of species . Most hermaphroditic species exhibit some degree of self-fertilization . The distribution of self-fertilization rates among animals is similar to that of plants , suggesting that similar processes are operating to direct the evolution of selfing in animals and plants .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "164877d6436ccfd6008b614858f67b4f", "text": "Monitor lizard The monitor lizards are large lizards in the genus Varanus . They are native to Africa , Asia and Oceania , but are now found also in the Americas as an invasive species . A total of 79 species are currently recognized . Monitor lizards have long necks , powerful tails and claws , and well-developed limbs . The adult length of extant species ranges from 20 cm in some species , to over 3 m in the case of the Komodo dragon , though the extinct varanid known as megalania ( Varanus priscus ) may have been capable of reaching lengths of more than 7 m. Most monitor species are terrestrial , but arboreal and semiaquatic monitors are also known . While most monitor lizards are carnivorous , eating eggs , smaller reptiles , fish , birds and small mammals , some also eat fruit and vegetation , depending on where they live .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "876c2c38ab0dd42a5ddb1e40dd4bd910", "text": "Niche microdifferentiation Niche Microdifferentiation is the process a species undergoes to reach genetic diversity within that species ; it is the process by which an ecotype is created . This process is regulated by various environmental influences whether they be morphological , spatial , and/or temporal . This means that a trait of one organism in one area is not advantageous for the same species in a different location : `` the trait that alters the environment in a manner that is favorable to growth tends to be reinforced and this positive feedback can further , to a certain extent , modify the selection pressure on itself '' . For example , a species of moth which is white and lives in an area where tree bark is stripped and tree color is white will more easily survive than a white moth in a different location where trees are moss-covered and green . This leads to adaptations that allow the species to exist in a slightly different environment . Organisms within the same species can undergo phenotypic and genotypic changes due to niche microdifferentiation . Conspecific organisms can vary in color , size , diet , behavior , and morphology due to differences in environmental pressures . Related topics include epigenetics , niche differentiation , and evolutionary biology .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4de7c4a52e91882afa733fa910e79cc6", "text": "Mollusc shell The mollusc ( or molluskOften spelled mollusk shell in the USA ; the spelling `` mollusc '' are preferred by ) shell is typically a calcareous exoskeleton which encloses , supports and protects the soft parts of an animal in the phylum Mollusca , which includes snails , clams , tusk shells , and several other classes . Not all shelled molluscs live in the sea ; many live on the land and in freshwater . The ancestral mollusc is thought to have had a shell , but this has subsequently been lost or reduced on some families , such as the squid , octopus , and some smaller groups such as the caudofoveata and solenogastres , and the highly derived Xenoturbella . Today , over 100,000 living species bear a shell ; there is some dispute as to whether these shell-bearing molluscs form a monophyletic group ( conchifera ) or whether shell-less molluscs are interleaved into their family tree . Malacology , the scientific study of molluscs as living organisms , has a branch devoted to the study of shells , and this is called conchology -- although these terms used to be , and to a minor extent still are , used interchangeably , even by scientists ( this is more common in Europe ) . Within some species of molluscs , there is often a wide degree of variation in the exact shape , pattern , ornamentation , and color of the shell .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e6d9057179bae27d47db989eae6f14e1", "text": "Gastropoda The Gastropoda or gastropods , more commonly known as snails and slugs , are a large taxonomic class within the phylum Mollusca . The class Gastropoda includes snails and slugs of all kinds and all sizes from microscopic to large . There are many thousands of species of sea snails and sea slugs , as well as freshwater snails , freshwater limpets , land snails and land slugs . The class Gastropoda contains a vast total of named species , second only to the insects in overall number . The fossil history of this class goes back to the Late Cambrian . There are 611 families of gastropods known , of which 202 are extinct and appear only in the fossil record . Gastropoda ( previously known as univalves and sometimes spelled `` Gasteropoda '' ) are a major part of the phylum Mollusca , and are the most highly diversified class in the phylum , with 65,000 to 80,000 living snail and slug species . The anatomy , behavior , feeding , and reproductive adaptations of gastropods vary significantly from one clade or group to another . Therefore , it is difficult to state many generalities for all gastropods . The class Gastropoda has an extraordinary diversification of habitats . Representatives live in gardens , woodland , deserts , and on mountains ; in small ditches , great rivers and lakes ; in estuaries , mudflats , the rocky intertidal , the sandy subtidal , in the abyssal depths of the oceans including the hydrothermal vents , and numerous other ecological niches , including parasitic ones . Although the name `` snail '' can be , and often is , applied to all the members of this class , commonly this word means only those species with an external shell big enough that the soft parts can withdraw completely into it . Those gastropods without a shell , and those with only a very reduced or internal shell , are usually known as slugs ; those with a shell into which they can not withdraw are termed limpets . The marine shelled species of gastropod include edible species such as abalone , conches , periwinkles , whelks , and numerous other sea snails that produce seashells that are coiled in the adult stage -- though in some , the coiling may not be very visible , for example in cowries . In a number of families of species , such as all the various limpets , the shell is coiled only in the larval stage , and is a simple conical structure after that .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "68ced0d98b422f317181932e6e72dccf", "text": "Ammotrechidae Ammotrechidae are a family of solifuges distributed in the Americas and the Caribbean Islands . They include 22 described genera and at least 83 species . Members of this family can be distinguished from members of other families by the absence of claws on tarsi of leg I , tarsal segmentation 1-2-2 - ( 2-4 ) , pedipalps with pairs of lateroventral spines , and by males having an immovable flagellum on the mesal face of each chelicerum . The propeltidium of Ammotrechidae is recurved . The common names used for Ammotrechidae are curve-faced solifugid and sand runner . Ammotrechidae live in arid regions , such as dune and rocky habitats . They are carnivores which feed mainly on other invertebrates . Ammotrechidae have relatively high metabolic rates , which allow them to be voracious predators . They feed by masticating their prey and sucking out the liquids . They are preyed upon by other vertebrates . Species of Ammotrechidae are found to be cannibalistic . Males and females dig shallow burrows for protection and nesting . The species that are found in North America are found in the South to Southwest and are rarely longer than two inches . Though they can be pests , they are considered beneficial because they feed on `` scorpions , spiders and termites . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f988a11a48b8c98c4b17378f4e1cdd93", "text": "Predator trap A predator trap is a natural hazard such as a tar pit . Predators would become attracted to struggling animals that have become entrapped in viscous or glutinous material , such as a heavy sedimentary deposit or tar and , in the process , become entrapped themselves . More predators , scavengers , insects and birds become attracted to this mounting accumulation of carrion , until a wide variety of animals are caught and ultimately killed by the hazard . This may happen many times over . Typically , the number of lured predators will greatly outnumber the prey , thus providing the name . A famous example is the La Brea Tar Pits site . The Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry may yet prove to be a further example , although still nowadays it is debated if it 's a predator trap or not . The Gobi Desert dinosaur death traps may have been sauropod footprints that have been filled with a mixture of thick mud & sandstone in the former wetland .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d37da03e01544a29069cd42900ddf14", "text": "Pack hunter A pack hunter or social predator is a predator belonging to the animal kingdom which has evolved to hunt its prey by working together with other members of its species . Normally animals hunting in this way are closely related , and with the exceptions of humans and chimpanzees where only males normally hunt , all individuals in a family group will contribute to hunting . The most commonly known pack hunter is the gray wolf , the closest wild relative of all breeds of domesticated dog . Humans and their closest-living relatives chimpanzees are also pack hunters . Other pack hunting mammals include dolphins , lions , dwarf and banded mongooses and spotted hyenas . A number of avian social predators exist , including the Harris 's hawk , butcherbirds , three of four kookaburra species and many helmetshrikes . There are a few cold-blooded pack hunters including simple arthropods such as army ants , the yellow saddle goatfish and occasionally crocodiles . There is a possibility that some non-avian theropod dinosaurs displayed pack behavior as well . A social animal that always hunts , singly such as the domestic cat , is not a pack hunter . Pack hunting is typically associated with cooperative breeding and its concentration in the Afrotropical Region is a reflection of this . Most pack hunters are found in the southern African savannas , with a notable absence in tropical rainforests and with the exception of the wolf and coyote , higher latitudes . It is thought that either on the ancient and poor soils of the southern African savanna it is not possible for individual predators to find adequate food , or that the environment 's inherent unpredictability due to ENSO or IOD events means that in very bad conditions it will not be possible to raise the young necessary to prevent declining populations from adult mortality . It is also argued that Africa 's very large area of continuous flat and open country , which was even more extensive while rainforest contracted during glacial periods of the Quaternary , may have helped encourage pack hunting to become much more common than on any other continent . A shared pack hunting history is thought to be the main conduit through which humans have been able to form a mutual relationship with dogs ( that is , domestication ) , as both species are highly social and inter-dependent . Humans easily take over the dominance hierarchy of dogs as subordinates instinctively follow the `` alpha '' individual and dogs are accustomed to living very close together When wolves hunt a Moose or Elk , it sometimes takes to deep water to avoid the pack . A wolf response to this behavior is that the pack rests with one or two wolves annoying the prey until it gets fatigued .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b6cba3a2e07ca438866dbb903a0cffe9", "text": "Ecdysozoa Ecdysozoa -LSB- ˌɛkdɪsoʊ-ˈzoʊə -RSB- is a group of protostome animals , including Arthropoda ( insects , chelicerata , crustaceans , and myriapods ) , Nematoda , and several smaller phyla . They were first defined by Aguinaldo et al. in 1997 , based mainly on phylogenetic trees constructed using 18S ribosomal RNA genes . A large study in 2008 by Dunn et al. strongly supported the Ecdysozoa as a clade , that is , a group consisting of a common ancestor and all its descendants . The group is also supported by morphological characters , and includes all animals that shed their exoskeleton ( see ecdysis ) . The group was initially contested by a significant minority of biologists . Some argued for groupings based on more traditional taxonomic techniques , while others contested the interpretation of the molecular data .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0eaeac2b5aba3d85bf140b29cc8c0f91", "text": "Eretmorhipis Eretmorhipis ( meaning `` oar fan '' from the Greek ερετμον ( `` oar '' ) and ῥιπίς ( `` fan '' ) ) is an extinct genus of hupehsuchian marine reptile from the Early Triassic of China . It is currently known from two specimens that were discovered in an exposure of the Jialingjiang Formation in Yuan ` an County , Hubei and referred to the newly named species Eretmorhipis carrolldongi in 2015 . One of those specimens , the holotype WGSC V26020 , had been known since 1991 and consists of the entire skeleton excluding the skull . The second specimen , IVPP V4070 , is an impression of the right side of the back half of the skeleton , as well as part of the right forelimb . Eretmorhipis is unique among hupehsuchians in having manual and pedal digits that radiate in a fan-like shape . Like other hupehsuchians it has three overlapping layers of armor-like osteoderms over its spine , but the osteoderms of the uppermost layer are significantly larger than they are in other hupehsuchians , each spanning the length of four vertebrae . These upper-layer osteoderms are also widely spaced . The torso of Eretmorhipis is elongate and encased in a bony tube formed from thickened ribs and gastralia , similar to the bony tube of the hupehsuchian Parahupehsuchus but less extensive . The authors of the 2015 paper that named Eretmorhipis performed a phylogenetic analysis and found that it was one of the most derived hupehsuchians , forming a clade that they called Parahupehsuchinae with Parahupehsuchus and an unnamed polydactylus hupehsuchian . Below is a cladogram from their analysis :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "31d1c28158201e21d0adccdc2517e0a2", "text": "Hypoathroid The term hypoathroid ( Ancient Greek hypo - , `` under '' + - athroid , `` gathered together '' ) is used to describe the arrangement of ganglia in the nervous system of molluscs . In the hypoathroid state , the pleural ganglia of the `` chest '' and the pedal ganglia of the `` feet '' lie close to each other more or less underneath the gut , and they communicate with the cerebral ganglia via long connectives . It is a condition that is characteristic of the Archaeogastropoda clade , and represents one end of a three-part spectrum of such arrangements , the other two being the dystenoid system in which the pleural and cerebral ganglia are closer together but still distinctly separate , and the epiathroid condition in which the pleural , pedal , and cerebral ganglia all lie close together ( characteristic , for example , of the Mesogastropoda and Neogastropoda . The centralization of the nervous system generally is considered evidence of an evolutionary advancement among molluscs , while the more diffuse condition is viewed as a sign of evolutionary proximity to the hypothetical `` archimollusc '' ancestor of all molluscs .", "title": "" } ]	fever
8cd2cbab39cce01fee6842c9ef64d09e	Nicki Minaj released 3 audio publications between 2007 and 2009.	[ { "docid": "b1f6bb20860c20124b1eba90f173706c", "text": "Nicki Minaj Onika Tanya Maraj ( born December 8 , 1982 ) , known professionally as Nicki Minaj ( -LSB- langpronnɪkɪ_mɪ ` nɑːdʒ -RSB- ) , is a Trinidadian-born American rapper , singer , songwriter and model . Born in Saint James , Trinidad and Tobago ( a district of Trinidad 's capital Port of Spain ) and raised in South Jamaica , Queens , New York , Minaj earned public attention after releasing three mixtapes between 2007 and 2009 . She has been signed to Young Money Entertainment since 2009 . Minaj 's first and second studio albums , Pink Friday ( 2010 ) and Pink Friday : Roman Reloaded ( 2012 ) , both peaked at number one on the U.S. Billboard 200 and produced the successful singles `` Super Bass '' and `` Starships '' , respectively . In 2010 , Minaj became the first female solo artist to have seven singles simultaneously charting on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 . Her third studio album , The Pinkprint ( 2014 ) , was preceded by its second single , `` Anaconda '' , which peaked at number two on the Hot 100 and is her highest-charting single in the U.S. to date . Minaj made her film debut in the 2012 animated film Ice Age : Continental Drift , followed by supporting roles in The Other Woman ( 2014 ) and Barbershop : The Next Cut ( 2016 ) . In 2013 , she was a judge on the twelfth season of American Idol . Minaj was the first female artist included on MTV 's Annual Hottest MC List , with a New York Times editor saying that some consider her to be `` the most influential female rapper of all time '' . In 2016 , Minaj was included on the annual Time 100 list of the most influential people in the world . Her rapping is distinctive for its fast flow and the use of alter egos and accents , primarily British cockney . Early in her career , Minaj was known for her colorful costumes and wigs . She has the most Billboard Hot 100 entries for a female artist in the chart 's history , while being ninth overall . Minaj has received ten Grammy nominations throughout her career , and has won six American Music Awards , eleven BET Awards , three MTV Video Music Awards , four Billboard Music Awards , and was the recipient of Billboards Women in Music 2011 Rising Star award . She has endorsed Adidas , MAC Cosmetics and Pepsi . She has sold 20 million singles as a lead artist , and 60 million singles as a featured artist worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b0158687a7142dd4c3161b89a2c08c19", "text": "Mixtape A mixtape ( also mix-tape or mix tape ) is a home-made compilation of music ( typically copyrighted songs taken from other sources ) recorded in a specific order , traditionally onto a cassette tape , though later replaced by CD or MP3 playlist formats . The songs can be sequential , or by beatmatching the songs and creating overlaps and fades between the end of one song and the beginning of another the tape may become a seamless whole . Compilations may include a selection of favorite songs , or music linked by theme or mood , perhaps tailored to the tape 's intended recipient . Writing in 2004 , essayist Geoffrey O'Brien called the personal mix tape `` perhaps the most widely practiced American art form '' . `` Mixtape '' is also used in hip hop to describe certain types of recordings , typically self-produced and independently released albums that are issued free of charge to gain publicity and/or circumvent possible copyright infringement .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "0133ae0b9074f838753c540b8c94b4f4", "text": "The Abattoir Blues Tour The Abattoir Blues Tour is the second live album by Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds , released on January 29 , 2007 . The deluxe release includes two audio CDs and two DVDs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b44207e4820e9fd9c5acfdbd18fea8e7", "text": "Swizz Beatz discography The discography of Swizz Beatz , an American hip hop record producer and recording artist , consists of one studio album , one compilation album , one mixtape , thirty-nine singles ( including thirty-one as a featured artist ) , three promotional singles and thirty-three music videos .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8a4a7b98ea4f9bb7ffb7089ead8c6c54", "text": "Double album A double album ( or double record ) is an audio album which spans two units of the primary medium in which it is sold , typically records and compact discs . A double album is usually though not always released as such , because the recording is longer than the capacity of the medium . Recording artists often think of double albums as comprising a single piece artistically ; however , there are exceptions such as John Lennon 's Some Time in New York City and Pink Floyd 's Ummagumma ( both examples of one studio record and one live album packaged together ) and OutKast 's Speakerboxxx/The Love Below ( effectively two solo albums , one by each member of the duo ) . A classic example of this idea is Works ( Volume One ) by Emerson Lake and Palmer , where side one was Keith Emerson , two Greg Lake , three Carl Palmer while side four was by the entire group . Since the advent of the compact disc , albums are sometimes released with a bonus disc featuring additional material as a supplement to the main album , with live tracks , studio out-takes , cut songs , or older unreleased material . One innovation is the accompaniment of a CD with a DVD of related material , such as video related to the album or DVD-Audio versions of the same recordings . These could be regarded as a new form of double album ; some such discs were also released on a two-sided format called DualDisc . Due to the limitations of the gramophone record , many albums primarily released on the format were under 40 minutes long . This has led to record labels re-releasing two of these albums on one CD , thus making a double album . The same principles apply to the triple album , which comprises three units . Packages with more units than three are often packaged as a box set .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "653c09b86ae80842d5a0f44b2e677a04", "text": "Hit the Lights (Japan Edition) Hit the Lights ( Japan Edition ) is the second compilation album by British R&B singer Jay Sean . The album was released in Japan on 18 January 2012 by Cash Money Records . The album features guest appearances from Nicki Minaj , Lil Wayne , Tyga and Birdman .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "df497d51372c9515f7a8964229fad943", "text": "The Ultimate Collection (Chihiro Onitsuka album) The Ultimate Collection ( stylized as the ultimate collection ) is the first compilation album by Japanese singer-songwriter Chihiro Onitsuka , released in 2004 . It came out months after the artist terminated the contracts with record label and management office . All the 15 tracks on the album was digitally remastered by Ted Jensen . Selection of the songs was supervised by Takefumi Haketa , Onitsuka 's previous musical collaborator who produced all her materials released under EMI . The performer has not authorized this retrospective album , however , omitting the release from the discography page on her present official website which launched in 2007 . The Ultimate Collection debuted at the number-three on the Japanese Oricon chart and remained there for 23 weeks . The album was certified Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of Japan upon its release , for shipments of over 250,000 copies . The front cover of the compilation was picked out from the photo session which was taken for her cancelled fourth studio album supposed to have been released in March 2004 . Along with the album , a DVD collection composed of 17 music videos entitled The Complete Clips was issued simultaneously .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "641a0377effda9b3750a74778923bca0", "text": "You Fat Bastard You Fat Bastard is a 2 CD anthology by British electronic rock artists Carter USM . It was released on 15 October 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "34b8a4098e77d60d50e91f820107cafb", "text": "Ai discography The discography of Japanese contemporary R&B singer and rapper Ai consists of ten studio albums , four compilation albums , one live album , one mix tape , ten video albums and numerous solo and collaboration singles . Ai debuted as a musician through BMG Japan in 2000 , though which she released a single album , My Name Is Ai . In 2002 , Ai switched labels to DefJam Japan , a subsidiary of Universal Music Japan , and released her second studio album in 2003 , Original Ai . In 2005 , Ai released the ballad `` Story '' , which became one of the most digitally successful songs of all time in Japan , becoming 3 × Million certified for ringtones and Million for downloads to cellphones . Ai remained with Universal until 2010 , releasing seven studio albums with the label . Ai signed to EMI Music Japan in June 2011 , and released the album Independent ( 2012 ) , led by the single `` Happiness '' . In September 2012 , Universal Music Group purchased EMI Music , leading Ai to return to Universal as an artist under the newly created EMI Records Japan sub-label .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "797e508de76c0144326cb1c46ce421d8", "text": "Bloody Radio Bloody Radio is a studio album by American hip hop group Grayskul . It was released on Rhymesayers Entertainment in 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "90692186bb1a371d86af207cd65357ae", "text": "Audible Inc. Audible Inc. is a seller and producer of spoken audio entertainment , information , and educational programming on the Internet . Audible sells digital audiobooks , radio and TV programs , and audio versions of magazines and newspapers . Through its production arm , Audible Studios , Audible has also become the world 's largest producer of downloadable audiobooks . Audible 's content is only accessible through special proprietary closed software , including unauthorized-playback prevention by means of an Audible user name and password . On January 31 , 2008 Amazon.com announced it would buy Audible for about 300 million USD . The deal closed in March 2008 and Audible became a subsidiary of Amazon . The company is based in Newark , New Jersey 's 1 Washington Park high rise office building . Audible is the United States ' largest audio book producer and retailer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "866fb96547b33fd8aabb7caa3fb6cc7c", "text": "Leon Thomas III discography The discography of American singer Leon Thomas III consists of two mixtapes albums , two singles , one promotional , four music video and one other album appearance .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f495476f82af9c8c25d92dc0e056f476", "text": "Tina! Tina ! is a compilation album from American rock singer Tina Turner . The album was released September 30 , 2008 by Capitol Records in North America and October 17 , 2008 in Germany ( the album was released as an `` import '' in other regions ) . The album was later expanded to a three-disc set , released in Europe to coincide with the European leg of her tour . The Platinum Collection was released on February 23 , 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4cfa6f237400479d401d32210fe0f591", "text": "Radio 1 Podcasts BBC Radio 1 regularly releases six podcasts . The selection has grown over time , originally forming part of the BBC 's podcast trial . In November 2005 , short clips ( typically 30 seconds ) of commercially available music began to be used within some shows , after the BBC negotiated a deal with rights holders .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cc56a37a6f2ae68b9b2d3965bdef4a05", "text": "Machine Gun Kelly discography The discography of American recording artist Machine Gun Kelly consists of three studio albums , one extended play , ten mixtapes , and eleven singles ( including two as a featured artist ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8e9fe84f60e896cfdbbd82a9239c33d7", "text": "Songs of Mass Destruction Songs of Mass Destruction is the fourth studio album by Annie Lennox , released on 1 October 2007 . It was her first album of new material since 2003 's Bare .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "faa5f3f29d069b1ea9d9b3a1e0c750d6", "text": "Now That's What I Call Reggae Now That 's What I Call Reggae or Now Reggae is a triple-disc compilation album released in the United Kingdom on 25 June 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d22444f344ba080f64ea548b96ddc988", "text": "Nick Records Nick Records ( also known as Nickelodeon Records or Nick Music ) is the record label for the children 's television channel Nickelodeon . The label featured new and emerging young musical artists , `` triple threat '' singers who would also act and dance on the network 's series , and soundtrack and compilations based on Nickelodeon TV shows .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ebf9ca8c77e4115cbddd703ec25ae245", "text": "The Voice (Mike Jones album) The Voice is the second studio album by American rapper Mike Jones . It was released on April 28 , 2009 . Production was handled by several producers , including Jim Jonsin , Mr. Collipark , J.R. Rotem and Big E , among others . The album has sold 25,000 copies in its first week , debuting at number 12 on the US Billboard 200 on April 22 , 2009 . As of February 1 , 2014 , the album has sold 200,000 copies in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "def16854c54066200366f50229b7012f", "text": "Nicki Richards Nicki Richards ( born Honolulu , Hawaii , United States on March 24 ) is an American singer , songwriter , producer and actress based in Manhattan , New York City . She is also known as a backing singer for a number of renowned artists and on a big number of studio recordings . Her father was a high-ranking African-American naval officer and her mother , Donna Blackmon , a talented singer . Nicki 's brother , Philip Richards is a singer / musician in his own right and collaborated with her in her works . Nicki Richards had her first public appearances in commercials when she was only 5 . She had her break when she won the Grand Prize on the singing competition Star Search . She consequently recorded and performed for the past several years with Madonna , ( including Confessions Tour , Sticky & Sweet Tour , MDNA Tour and Rebel Heart Tour ) , Mariah Carey , Whitney Houston , Mick Jagger , Michael Jackson , Tina Turner , Gloria Estefan , Celine Dion , Stevie Wonder , Linda Ronstadt , Mary J. Blige , Missy Elliott , Lenny Kravitz , Anastacia , Bette Midler , Maxi Priest , Al Green , The Cover Girls and many more . In 1991 , she released her own debut album Naked ( To the World ) on Atlantic Records written and co-produced by her after being signed to a deal by the legendary Ahmet Ertegun . She followed that up with Nicki in 2008 . She had her acting debut in 1999 in Colorz of Rage directed by Dale Resteghini and in Chicago as part of a female ensemble and in two musical comedies by Robert Klein . She also took part in a number of theater productions Cy Coleman 's Like Jazz in Los Angeles , Jim Steinman 's Over The Top on the East Coast , and the Penumbra Theatre Company 's `` Spunk '' by Zora Neale Hurston and `` Beehive '' both in the Minneapolis/St . Paul area . She performed on the PBS television show `` Between the Lions '' , a puppet educational show . She has also appeared on a number of commercials ( Burger King , Coca Cola and Colgate ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a7f77fe75fe328c42912f64ee46c18b9", "text": "Vila (album) Vila ( trans . Fairy ) is the third studio album by Bosniak recording artist Emina Jahović , which was released on 21 May 2009 , by PGP RTS . Because Jahović signed a contract with PGP RTS she was banned on RTV Pink , a famous Serbian TV network that supports artists from City Records which released Emina 's first two albums .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4fe8babd643132c32a10a1eb5010b418", "text": "The Blueprint 3 The Blueprint 3 is the eleventh studio album by American rapper Jay Z , released September 8 , 2009 , on Roc Nation , through distribution from Atlantic Records . It is the final installment in The Blueprint trilogy , preceded by The Blueprint ( 2001 ) and The Blueprint2 : The Gift & The Curse ( 2002 ) . Production for the album took place during 2008 to 2009 at several recording studios and was handled by Kanye West , No I.D. , The Neptunes , Jeff Bhasker , Al Shux , Jerome `` J-Roc '' Harmon , The Inkredibles , Swizz Beatz , and Timbaland . This is the only album in the Blueprint trilogy , as well as the first album since Vol . 3 ... Life and Times of S. Carter ( 1999 ) , not to feature production from Just Blaze . The album debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 chart , selling 476,000 copies in its first week . It became Jay-Z 's eleventh US number-one album , breaking the record he had previously shared with Elvis Presley , and produced five singles that achieved chart success . Upon its release , The Blueprint 3 received generally positive reviews from music critics .", "title": "" } ]	fever
934c28542f175f17913508719189072e	Vikram runs an association.	[ { "docid": "bb601bb9b16c66e229a501e3196db70e", "text": "Vikram (actor) Kennedy John Victor , known professionally as Vikram or Chiyaan Vikram , is an Indian film actor who predominantly appears in Tamil language films and has won seven Filmfare Awards as well as one National Film Award and Tamil Nadu State Film Award amongst other recognitions and was awarded an Honorary Doctorate by the People 's University of Milan in May 2011 . He made his debut in the 1990 film En Kadhal Kanmani , which was followed by a series of small-budget Tamil , Malayalam and Telugu films in the 1990s , many of which went unnoticed . However , the success of Bala 's tragedy film Sethu ( 1999 ) , in which Vikram appeared as a rogue turned lover , started Vikram 's successful career as an actor . In the early 2000s , Vikram appeared in a series of masala films , with Dhill ( 2001 ) , Gemini ( 2002 ) , Dhool ( 2003 ) and Saamy ( 2003 ) becoming commercially successful ventures . During the period , Vikram also appeared in diverse roles and received critical acclaim for his performance as a blind villager in Kasi and a Robin Hood-esque figure in Samurai . In 2003 , Vikram 's performance as a gravedigger with autism spectrum disorders in Bala 's Pithamagan saw him win the National Film Award for Best Actor , with his character only speaking a couple of lines of dialogue in the entire film . His appearance as an idealistic lawyer with multiple personality disorder in Shankar 's blockbuster Anniyan ( 2005 ) also won critical acclaim , as did his appearance as a superhero in Kanthaswamy ( 2009 ) . Vikram 's portrayal of Veeraiya , a tribal leader inspired by the Ramayana character Ravana , in Mani Ratnam 's Raavanan saw him secure further accolades , as did his appearance as a mentally challenged adult with the maturity of a six-year-old boy in Deiva Thirumagal ( 2011 ) . He consequently appeared in multiple get-ups as a bodybuilder and a crippled hunchback , losing up to 35 kilograms for sequences , during the making of Shankar 's romantic thriller I ( 2015 ) and won rave reviews from critics for his performance . It is currently the fourth highest-grossing Tamil film of all time . Vikram has promoted various social causes and appeared as the Youth Envoy for the United Nations Human Settlements Programme in 2011 . He has been a brand ambassador of Sanjeevani Trust and a school for special children , Vidya Sudha , which he stayed at during the making of Deiva Thirumagal as well as having long-term associations with the Kasi Eye Care and running his own welfare association through the Vikram Foundation . In 2016 , he produced and directed the video to the flood relief anthem , Spirit of Chennai , as a tribute to the city 's volunteers following the -LSB- -LSB- 2015 South Indian floods -RSB-", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "c0b8d8acd32da3c6945c5845c5f5343b", "text": "Indian National Association The Indian National Association also known as Indian Association was the first avowed nationalist organization founded in British India by Surendranath Banerjee and Ananda Mohan Bose in 1876 . The objectives of this Association were `` promoting by every legitimate means the political , intellectual and material advancement of the people '' . The Association attracted educated Indians and civic leaders from all parts of the country , and became an important forum for India 's aspirations for independence . It later merged with the Indian National Congress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "42a5adc9397dab5035f4887658c67877", "text": "Vigil India Movement Vigil India Movement ( Vigil India ) is a non-governmental organisation based in Bangalore working in the field of human rights in India . Founded in 1977 , by Rev. Dr. M.A. Thomas , who also founded the Ecumenical Christian Centre in Bangalore in 1963 and Association of Christian Institutes for Social Concern in Asia . In 1998 , Vigil India launched The Institute of Human Rights with Mr. Justice M.N. Venkatachaliah , former Chief Justice of India and former Chairman of the National Human Rights Commission . The Institute is a training programme for human rights activists , `` training trainers '' for grass roots education in human rights . The organisation awards the Rev. M.A. Thomas National Human Rights Award annually . The recipients since 1993 include : Swami Agnivesh , 2006 Teesta Setalvad , 2004 Harsh Mander , 2002 Medha Patkar , 1999 Justice V. R. Krishna Iyer , 1998 Ravi Nair , 1997", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b0517e6624d4d2e807eebad60248fff4", "text": "Dalit Indian Chamber of Commerce and Industry The Dalit Indian Chamber of Commerce and Industry ( DICCI ) is an Indian association that promotes business enterprises for Dalits . It was founded in 2005 by Milind Kamble . The association is responsible to inculcate the spirit of entrepreneurship between the dalit youths Some of the key members of DICCI are Kalpana Saroj , Chandra Bhan Prasad and Rajesh Saraiya .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "907b96784962081a47c6b10304c044c5", "text": "Association for Democratic Reforms The Association for Democratic Reforms ( ADR ) is a non-partisan , non-governmental organization which works in the area of electoral and political reforms . Along with National Election Watch ( NEW ) , which is a conglomeration of over 1200 organizations across the country , ADR aims at bringing transparency and accountability in Indian politics and reducing the influence of money and muscle power in elections .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab670e91c3b0efaf61210f71f2ddb918", "text": "Indian Defence Review Indian Defence Review ( IDR ) , the brainchild of former captain of the Indian Army , was launched on January 1 , 1986 as a logical continuum to Lancer established in 1979 , the first Indian publishing house dedicated to put forward the military experience and point of view . Under the professional stewardship of its first two editors , Lt Gen Mathew Thomas ( 1986 ) and Maj Gen Afsir Karim ( 1993 ) , both distinguished paratroopers , IDR began public engagement and national debate on military and security issues , which received immediate attention of the defence establishment , policy makers and national leadership in India . Continuing in this strong tradition and creating a niche , IDR publisher and its third editor , Capt Bharat Verma ( 1998 ) , succeeded in placing the national security challenges `` front and centre '' of the public debate . The reigns of this reputed Journal have passed into the hands of Lt Gen JS Bajwa ( Retired ) consequent to the sad and untimely demise of Capt Bharat Verma in July 2014 . With the launch of web version of the Journal , www.indiandefencereview.com in 2006 , IDR became India 's preeminent public publication on foreign policy and national security issues . The result of the spade work done by these three military officers in the private sector , for the first time brought the concerns of national security issues through a private forum in independent India to the national centre-stage . IDR remains a highly reliable , unbiased and unique source for government and defence officials , strategic planners , analysts , journalists and the general public on contemporary geo-political and geo-strategic issues presented by cerebral professionals . In addition , IDR extensively covers foreign policy , aerospace trends , naval affairs , army force development , and internal security and the defence industry . The Journal is a trusted , independent and comprehensive source of critical information and insight that is necessary for public debate and civil discourse on matters related to India 's sovereignty , national integrity , security and defence . When important national security and defence issues arise , IDR is not only part of the conversation but also shapes the national debate . IDR brings together leading experts ( military , government and academia ) who provide the highest quality of well considered , timely and authoritative expert analysis of current national and international events , emerging trends relating to security and defence , historical analysis and strategic forecasting and offer realistic , practical and pragmatic solutions and policy options that help address security and defence challenges impacting India . IDR writers have made deep inroads into national security and defence debate once considered to be the preserve of the establishment in New Delhi , which in the past only relied and depended on analysis imported from foreign publications . IDR , the country 's premium and most prestigious journal , won accolades including `` India 's best known military publication '' and `` the most impressive , useful and independent publication '' and remains the `` most quoted '' . Considered a ` policy making journal , ' IDR is recommended reading by the Army , Navy , and the Air Force headquarters for officers . Today , IDR is acknowledged as one of the top journals in the defence sector , is available in `` print '' as well as `` on-line '' and interacts with the social media .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "278a70e8ef321eae3ff79a8e07995e7e", "text": "Vikramōrvaśīyam Vikramōrvaśīyam ( , meaning Urvashi Won by Valour ) is a five-act Sanskrit play by ancient Indian poet Kalidasa who flourished in the 4th Century CE , on the Vedic love story of king Pururavas and an Apsara , a celestial nymph named Urvashi . As per the tradition , while the basic plot has taken elements from the sources such as the Samvada Sukta of the Rigveda , Mahabharata and others , Kalidasa has made significant adaptations to make the presentation more appealing while establishing his prowess as a playwright . Vikramorvashiyam is the second of the three plays written by Kalidasa , the first being Mālavikāgnimitram and the third being the celebrated Abhijñānaśākuntalam . According to one theory , `` Vikram '' in the title alludes to Kalidasa 's patron king Vikramaditya ; however , there is no evidence for this . It simply means `` Valour '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8a83ddaa1eca7a61974df9f2516d8bee", "text": "Hema Malini Hema Malini ( `` Hema Malini Chakravarty '' ) ( born 16 October 1948 , Ammankudi ( Orathanadu ) , Tamil Nadu , India ) is an Indian actress , director , producer , dancer and politician . 1963 she made acting debut in Tamil film `` Ithu Sathiyam '' as a dancer resp . supporting actress . Malini first acted in main role in Sapno Ka Saudagar ( 1968 ) , and went on to feature in numerous Bollywood films , primarily as the lead actress . In most of her films , she starred opposite her husband ; Dharmendra and with Rajesh Khanna and Dev Anand . Malini was initially promoted as the `` Dream Girl '' , and in 1977 starred in a film of the same name . She has played both comic and dramatic roles , as well as being a dancer . She has appeared in more than 150 films . During her career , Malini received eleven nominations for the Filmfare Award for Best Actress , winning the award in 1972 . In 2000 , Malini won the Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award and also the Padma Shri , the fourth-highest civilian honour awarded by the Government of India . In 2012 , the Sir Padampat Singhania University conferred an Honorary Doctorate on Malini in recognition of her contribution to Indian cinema . Malini served as chairperson of the National Film Development Corporation . In 2006 , Malini received Sopori Academy of Music And Performing Arts ( SaMaPa ) Vitasta award from Bhajan Sopori in Delhi for her contribution and service to Indian culture and dance . In 2013 , she received the NTR National Award from Government of Andhra Pradesh for her contribution to Indian cinema . From 2003 to 2009 , Malini was elected to the Rajya Sabha , the upper House of parliament , as a representative of the Bharatiya Janata Party . In 2014 , Malini was elected to the Lok Sabha . Malini has been involved with charitable and social ventures . Currently , Malini is also a life member of the International Society for Krishna Consciousness ( ISKCON ) . She was the top and successful actress of her time . She has been praised by critics for dancing and acting", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3acb63dfbf97377e571e75f4f71d1b7e", "text": "National Association of the Deaf (India) The National Association of the Deaf ( N.A.D. India ) is an organization for the deaf in India founded in 2005 . The goal of N.A.D. is the organization and education India 's deaf population . The N.A.D. promotes the use of Indian Sign Language . The N.A.D. currently has over 2,500 members . In January 2007 , the N.A.D. was able to coordinate with the Linguistic Department of Jawahar Lal Nehru University Delhi , the launch of The Association of Sign Language Interpreters . Unlike the National Association of the Deaf ( United States ) , the N.A.D. is not affiliated with the World Federation of the Deaf ( WFD ) . However , another organization , `` All India Federation of the Deaf '' is affiliated with WDF .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d8541fe08f28cab079af69cbc2050b95", "text": "Karnataka Legislative Assembly The Karnataka Legislative Assembly is the lower house of the bicameral legislature of Karnataka state in southern India . Karnataka is one of the seven states in India , where the state legislature is bicameral , comprising two houses . The two houses are the Vidhana Sabha ( lower house ) and the Vidhana Parishat ( upper house ) . The members of the Vidhana Sabha are directly elected by people through adult franchise . The members of the Vidhana Parishat are elected indirectly by members of local bodies , teachers and graduates . There are 75 members of the Vidhana Parishat . Members of the Vidhana Parishat or Legislative Council normally have a term of six years , and are generally known as MLCs . There are 224 members of the Vidhana Sabha or the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka state . One member is a representative of the Anglo-Indian community nominated by the Governor of Karnataka . The state of Karnataka is divided into 225 constituencies used to elect the Legislative assembly . Each constituency elects one member of the assembly . Members are popularly known as MLAs . The assembly is elected using the simple plurality or `` first past the post '' electoral system . The elections are conducted by the Election Commission of India . The normal term of the members lasts for five years . In case of death , resignation or disqualification of a member , a by-election is conducted for constituency represented by the member . The party which wins the most seats becomes the ruling party . In the 2013 elections , the Indian National Congress ( INC ) won a majority of seats , with 122 out of 224 MLAs . On 10 May 2013 , K. Siddaramaiah was chosen as Chief Minister and CLP leader by the MLAs . He was sworn in on 13 May 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "52ea051856e84b07099e269d878c0f90", "text": "List of Padma Vibhushan award recipients The Padma Vibhushan is the second highest civilian award of the Republic of India . Instituted on 2 January 1954 , the award is given for the `` exceptional and distinguished service '' , without distinction of race , occupation , position , or sex . The Padma Vibhushan award recipients are announced every year on Republic Day and registered in The Gazette of Indiaa publication released weekly by the Department of Publication , Ministry of Urban Development used for official government notices . The conferral of the award is not considered official without its publication in the Gazette . Recipients whose awards have been revoked or restored , both of which require the authority of the President , are also registered in the Gazette and are required to surrender their medals when their names are struck from the register . , none of the conferments of Padma Vibhushan have been revoked or restored . The recommendations are received from all the state and the union territory governments , the Ministries of the Government , the Bharat Ratna and previous Padma Vibhushan award recipients , the Institutes of Excellence , the Ministers , the Chief Ministers and the Governors of State , and the Members of Parliament including private individuals . The recommendations received during 1 May and 15 September of every year are submitted to the Padma Awards Committee , constituted by the Prime Minister . The committee recommendations are later submitted to the Prime Minister and the President for the further approval . When instituted in 1954 , the Padma Vibhushan was classified as `` Pahela Warg '' ( Class I ) under the three-tier Padma Vibhushan awards ; preceded by the Bharat Ratna , the highest civilian award , and followed by `` Dusra Warg '' ( Class II ) , and `` Tisra Warg '' ( Class III ) . On 15 January 1955 , the Padma Vibhushan was reclassified into three different awards ; the Padma Vibhushan , the highest of the three , followed by the Padma Bhushan and the Padma Shri . The criteria includes `` exceptional and distinguished service in any field including service rendered by Government servants '' but excluding those working with the Public sector undertakings with the exception of doctors and scientists . The 1954 statutes did not allow posthumous awards but this was subsequently modified in the January 1955 statute . The award , along with other personal civil honours , was briefly suspended twice in its history ; for the first time in July 1977 when Morarji Desai was sworn in as the fourth Prime Minister . The suspension was rescinded on 25 January 1980 , after Indira Gandhi became the Prime Minister . The civilian awards were suspended again in mid-1992 , when two Public-Interest Litigations were filed in the High Courts questioning the civilian awards being `` Titles '' per an interpretation of Article 18 ( 1 ) of the Constitution . The awards were reintroduced by the Supreme Court in December 1995 , following the conclusion of the litigation . The recipients receive a Sanad ( certificate ) signed by the President and a medal with no monetary grant associated with the award . The decoration is a circular-shaped toned bronze medallion 1 +3 / 4 inch in diameter and 1/8 inch thick . The centrally placed pattern made of outer lines of a square of 1 +3 / 16 inch side is embossed with a knob embossed within each of the outer angles of the pattern . A raised circular space of diameter 1 +1 / 16 inch is placed at the centre of the decoration . A centrally located lotus flower is embossed on the obverse side of the medal and the text `` Padma '' written in Devanagari script is placed above and the text `` Vibhushan '' is placed below the lotus . The Emblem of India is placed in the centre of the reverse side with the national motto , `` Satyameva Jayate '' ( Truth alone triumphs ) in Devanagari Script , inscribed on the lower edge . The rim , the edges and all embossing on either side is of white gold with the text `` Padma Vibhushan '' of silver gilt . The medal is suspended by a pink riband 1 +1 / 4 inch in width . It is ranked fourth in the order of precedence of wearing of medals and decorations . The first recipients of the Padma Vibhushan were Satyendra Nath Bose , Nandalal Bose , Zakir Husain , Balasaheb Gangadhar Kher , V. K. Krishna Menon , and Jigme Dorji Wangchuck , who were honoured in 1954 . , the award has been bestowed on 300 individuals , including twelve posthumous and nineteen non-citizen recipients . Some of the recipients have refused or returned their awards ; Vilayat Khan , Swami Ranganathananda , and Manikonda Chalapathi Rau refused the award ; the family members of Lakshmi Chand Jain ( 2011 ) and Sharad Anantrao Joshi ( 2016 ) declined their posthumous conferments , and 1986 recipient Baba Amte returned his honour in 1991 . Most recently on 25 January 2017 , the award has been bestowed upon seven recipients ; Murli Manohar Joshi , Sharad Pawar , Udupi Ramachandra Rao , Jaggi Vasudev , K. J. Yesudas and posthumously on Sunder Lal Patwa and P. A. Sangma .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "34949c2431d333288f92f59db3ba2a47", "text": "Vikram Thakor Vikram Thakor is Indian film actor , musician and singer . He is known for his work in Gujarati cinema .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b93cda97198ae0e2cdcb9496cab52c29", "text": "Self Employed Women's Association Self-Employed Women 's Association ( SEWA ) , meaning `` service '' in several Indian languages , is a trade union based in Ahmedabad , India that promotes the rights of low-income , independently-employed female workers . With over 2 million participating women , SEWA is the largest organization of informal workers in the world and largest non-profit in India ( Chen et . al. 2015 ) . Self-employed women are defined as those who do not receive a salary like that of formally-employed workers and therefore have a more precarious income and life . SEWA is framed around the goal of full employment in which a women secures for her family : income , food , health care , child care , and shelter . The principles behind accomplishing these goals are struggle and development , meaning negotiating with stakeholders and providing services , respectively . SEWA was founded in 1972 by Gandhian and civil rights leader Ela Bhatt as a branch of Textile Labour Association ( TLA ) , a labour union founded by Gandhi in 1918 . The organization grew very quickly , with 30,000 members in 1996 , to 318,527 in 2000 , to 1,919,676 in 2013 . Contemporaneous with this uptick in members is a change in India 's economy and society . Liberalizing the economy to foreign trade in 1991 caused a huge migration of rural inhabitants to Indian cities that then forced urban dwellers into informal occupations . Since the financial crisis of 2008 , over 90 % of India 's working population is in the informal sector ( Shakuntala 2015 ) ; yet 94 % of working women in 2009 worked in the informal sector ( Bhatt 2009 ) . India 's history and modern culture of female subjugation also contributes to this disparity because traditional gender roles exclude women from regular , secure forms of labour .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3614b60113039d890493c800b9f982aa", "text": "Punjabis The Punjabis ( Punjabi : , ਪ ਜਾਬੀ ) , or Punjabi people , are an ethno-linguistic group associated with the Punjab , who speak Punjabi , an Indo-Aryan language . Punjab literally means the land of five waters ( Persian : panj ( `` five '' ) āb ( `` waters '' ) . The name of the region was introduced by the Greeksas Pentapotamia , which was later translated into Persian by the Turko-Persian conquerors of South Asia and more formally popularised during the Mughal Empire . Punjab is often referred to as the breadbasket in both Pakistan and India . The coalescence of the various tribes , castes and the inhabitants of the Punjab into a broader common `` Punjabi '' identity initiated from the onset of the 18th century CE . Prior to that the sense and perception of a common `` Punjabi '' ethno-cultural identity and community did not exist , even though the majority of the various communities of the Punjab had long shared linguistic , cultural and racial commonalities . Traditionally , Punjabi identity is primarily linguistic , geographical and cultural . Its identity is independent of historical origin or religion , and refers to those who reside in the Punjab region , or associate with its population , and those who consider the Punjabi language their mother tongue . Integration and assimilation are important parts of Punjabi culture , since Punjabi identity is not based solely on tribal connections . More or less all Punjabis share the same cultural background . Historically , the Punjabi people were a heterogeneous group and were subdivided into a number of clans called biradari ( literally meaning `` brotherhood '' ) or tribes , with each person bound to a clan . However , Punjabi identity also included those who did not belong to any of the historical tribes . With the passage of time , tribal structures are coming to an end and are being replaced with a more cohesive and holistic society , as community building and group cohesiveness form the new pillars of Punjabi society .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9db3dc0d6026f1374d7607ecbac90ae3", "text": "Vikram Dhillon Vikram Dhillon ( born September 5 , 1973 ) is an Indo-Canadian film producer , director , actor and a former VJ .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d6d66a184b79338627ca73af0b498250", "text": "Rajasthan Cricket Association The Rajasthan Cricket Association ( RCA ) , headquartered in Jaipur , administers the game of cricket in the Indian state of Rajasthan . It officiates over the state level cricket in Rajasthan and the Rajasthan cricket team . It selects the cricket team of the state of Rajasthan to play in Indian first class cricket namely Ranji Trophy and Duleep Trophy . Lalit Modi is the President of the RCA . The Rajasthan Cricket Association is officially recognized and affiliated to Board for Control of Cricket in India .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "43722251b197bf7983791f822e6227af", "text": "Sahapedia Sahapedia is an open online multimedia knowledge resource -LSB- i -RSB- on the arts , cultures and histories of India ( and broadly , South Asia ) based on both curated and crowd-sourced content . ` Saha ' ( Sanskrit for ` together with ' ) , is an invitation to explore together the richness of the cultural landscape . On the Sahapedia portal people can read articles , watch videos , listen to interviews , and browse image galleries . Users can also explore historic sites and natural spaces through virtual walks , timelines and interactive maps . -LSB- ii -RSB- It is both a resource and a platform in that registered users may log into a personal work space from where they can submit material for curation and form communities of interest . It is also an online archive that hosts a library , cultural events calendar and news . History Sahapedia was registered as a not-for-profit Society in June 2011 under the Societies Act of 1860 . S. Ramadorai ( Former Vice Chairman , Tata Consultancy Services , and Chairman , National Skills Development Agency ) is the President and mentor of Sahapedia . Sudha Gopalakrishnan ( Founder Director , 2003 -- 07 , National Mission for Manuscripts , Government of India and UNESCO-empanelled expert on intangible cultural heritage ) is the Vice President and Executive Director of Sahapedia . The organization is guided by a panel of advisors who are eminent scholars and experts . Since the inception of the project in 2010 , a qualified team of researchers and designers based in New Delhi has been working to develop Sahapedia . The team has established the conceptual , design and legal framework of the project . Sahapedia has had an active online presence for the last three years , and it has received positive feedback from users . Based on this , information architecture and development experts worked together to build Sahapedia 's unique technology platform , which was launched on April 23 , 2016 . -LSB- i -RSB- Vision Sahapedia 's goals are to inform , educate and act . It aims to foster knowledge , encourage engagement and generate action towards understanding and revitalising the diverse aspects of Indian culture . It envisions itself as an open resource which facilitates conversations between scholars and students , artists and enthusiasts , and serves as a platform for independent researchers and collectors . The encyclopedia seeks to make the best use of the digital medium 's potential for cross-referencing across domains and subjects , encouraging non-linear exploration that illuminates new connections and new ramifications . It also integrates activities and services including research , documentation , digitisation and conservation . -LSB- i -RSB- Mission The organization is working on areas like developing a digital library ( monographs , out-of-print scholarly work , old journals , unpublished reports ) ; linking with online archives of texts , recordings , translation ; curating material that makes tourism more meaningful , creating resources for education responsive to local histories and needs , developing scholarly resources ( editing online journals , teaching old scripts online ) , and making the best use of digital interactives to explain formal techniques in fields such as music , architecture , textile , etc. . The idea is to create ` a movement for engaging with culture , as the collective legacy of people , by encouraging local documentation and upload on Sahapedia . ' -LSB- i -RSB- Work The core of Sahapedia is the encyclopedia that addresses ten domains : the areas covered come under the categories of Knowledge Traditions , Visual and Material Arts , Performing Arts , Literature and Languages , Practices and Rituals , Histories , Institutions , People , and Natural Environment . The research and editorial team identify subjects for the encyclopaedia , visit libraries and consult experts to arrive at an outline for its treatment , write to scholars for articles or request them for interviews , go on field visits for documentation and compile links to online resources and suggestions for further reading . Sahapedia also works with affiliates who are experts in their field and can curate modules that cover various aspects of a particular subject . Ongoing Projects Oral history : Documents interactions with artists , scholars and practitioners . The project also records performances , events , activities , lectures , demonstrations and seminars . Library : Makes available archival material relating to history , literature , music and the performing arts under the Creative Share-alike License . Built heritage : Documents heritage sites and spaces in India with a view to covering both academic studies and experiential accounts . Maps project : Encourages people to participate in the cultural mapping of India and South Asia by marking cultural sites , forms , practices and events in their areas . Heritage education : It has partnered in the Heritage Education efforts of the Central Board of Secondary Education involving 12,900 schools , by creating an interactive web resource for children on the CBSE website . -LSB- i -RSB- Besides , the collaboratively-created encyclopedia database will be available as an offline tool for distance and rural education . Institutional collaborations : Sahapedia is in partnership with numerous national and international organisations with regard to specific projects . Collaborations have been forged with the Ministry of Culture , Rashtrapati Bhavan , Archaeological Survey of India , the Indian Institute of Advanced Studies , National School of Drama , the National Centre for the Performing Arts and the International Information Networking Centre for Intangible Cultural Heritage in the Asia-Pacific Region , UNESCO . -LSB- ii -RSB- External Links Sahapedia.org , Official website Youtube , Facebook , Twitter , Instagram", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be3148e952d5fbcbe3b525f02375a171", "text": "Producers Guild Film Awards The Producers Guild Film Awards ( previously known as the Apsara Film & Television Producers Guild Award ) is an accolade given by the Apsara Producers Guild to recognize excellence in Indian film and television . Originated by filmmaker and scholar Amit Khanna , the Star Guild Awards have been one of the major award events since 2004 . The 22-karat gold statuette was sculpted and designed by the jewellery brand Tanishq and was `` inspired by the rich heritage of one of India 's most treasured possessions - the Ajanta and Ellora Caves . '' Nominations for the awards come from selected members of the guild , with the full membership ( around 160 ) available to vote for the winners . The ballots cast by the guild members are then taken to a common venue for the final counting .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e7d7cd7a51b6a84b8da122872bdf0ccf", "text": "Vikram (1986 Tamil film) Vikram is a 1986 Indian Tamil-language action-adventure film directed by Rajasekhar , starring Kamal Haasan , Sathyaraj , Amjad Khan , Ambika , Dimple Kapadia , Lizy , Charuhasan and Janagaraj . The First Indian movie to use computer for recording the songs", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9b9a640600a7e28ea874238679a8b054", "text": "S. Srikanta Sastri Sondekoppa Srikanta Sastri ( 5 November 1904 -- 10 May 1974 ) was an Indian historian , Indologist , and polyglot . He authored about 12 books , over two hundred articles , several monographs and book reviews over four decades in English , Kannada , Telugu and Sanskrit . To his credit are such works as `` Sources of Karnataka History '' , `` Geopolitics of India & Greater India '' , `` Bharatiya Samskruthi '' ( a compendium on Indian culture and tradition ) and `` Hoysala Vastushilpa '' ( a study of temple architecture of the Hoysala period in Karnataka ) . S. Srikanta Sastri was a polyglot well versed in fourteen languages spanning Greek , Latin , Pali , Prakrit , Sanskrit and German among others . He was Head of the Department of History & Indology at Maharaja College , University of Mysore between 1940 - 1960 . He was conferred the Kannada Literary Academy award in 1970 and was subsequently honoured by Governor of Karnataka Mohanlal Sukhadia in 1973 during mythic society diamond jubilee function . A Festschrift was brought forth and presented to him during his felicitation function in 1973 titled `` Srikanthika '' with articles on History and Indology by distinguished scholars . His work on Indus Valley Civilization and town planning at Harappa and Mohenjodaro were published in successive articles and drew considerable attention . His Research articles on The Aryan Invasion theory , the date of Adi Sankaracharya , Oswald Spengler 's view on Indian Culture , Jaina Epistemology , Proto-Vedic religion of Indus Valley Civilization and Evolution of the Gandaberunda insignia remain relevant today . __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "01defb7bf1c3fc5e9875e767fa874cb0", "text": "Bar association A bar association is a professional body of lawyers . Some bar associations are responsible for the regulation of the legal profession in their jurisdiction ; others are professional organizations dedicated to serving their members ; in many cases , they are both . In many Commonwealth jurisdictions , the bar association comprises lawyers who are qualified as barristers or advocates in particular , versus solicitors ( see bar council ) . Membership in bar associations may be mandatory or optional for practicing attorneys , depending on jurisdiction .", "title": "" } ]	fever
47c2ebb09c1aa0bfcd6cf116b3924561	The World Bank Group's activities include roads, urban regeneration, and electricity.	[ { "docid": "16501916d3f2ec396c51e92a2abd774d", "text": "World Bank Group The World Bank Group ( WBG ) is a family of five international organizations that make leveraged loans to developing countries . It is the largest and most famous development bank in the world and is an observer at the United Nations Development Group . The bank is based in Washington , D.C. and provided around $ 61 billion in loans and assistance to `` developing '' and transition countries in the 2014 fiscal year . The bank 's stated mission is to achieve the twin goals of ending extreme poverty and building shared prosperity . Total lending as of 2015 for the last 10 years through Development Policy Financing was approximately $ 117 billion . Its five organizations are the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development ( IBRD ) , the International Development Association ( IDA ) , the International Finance Corporation ( IFC ) , the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency ( MIGA ) and the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes ( ICSID ) . The World Bank 's ( the IBRD and IDA 's ) activities are focused on developing countries , in fields such as human development ( e.g. education , health ) , agriculture and rural development ( e.g. irrigation and rural services ) , environmental protection ( e.g. pollution reduction , establishing and enforcing regulations ) , infrastructure ( e.g. roads , urban regeneration , and electricity ) , large industrial construction projects , and governance ( e.g. anti-corruption , legal institutions development ) . The IBRD and IDA provide loans at preferential rates to member countries , as well as grants to the poorest countries . Loans or grants for specific projects are often linked to wider policy changes in the sector or the country 's economy as a whole . For example , a loan to improve coastal environmental management may be linked to development of new environmental institutions at national and local levels and the implementation of new regulations to limit pollution , or not , such as in the World Bank financed constructions of paper mills along the Rio Uruguay in 2006 . The World Bank has received various criticisms over the years and was tarnished by a scandal with the bank 's then President Paul Wolfowitz and his aide , Shaha Riza , in 2007 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "d395e1c4f849101e53f9e58600d37589", "text": "Habitat International Coalition Habitat International Coalition ( HIC ) is an independent , nonprofit alliance with hundreds of organizations and individuals , which has been working in housing and human settlements for more than 30 years . The Coalition comprises social movements , community-based organizations , support groups and academics . The strength of the Coalition is based on its worldwide membership ( it has members in 117 nations in five continents ) and on the fact that it brings together a range of civil society groups . Dedicated to advocacy and support for the poor , solidarity networking , popular mobilization , debate and analysis , HIC works to unite civil society in a shared commitment to ensuring sustainable habitat and a livable planet for all . Its work focuses on defending and implementing the human rights linked to housing and habitat ; i.e. , land , housing , clean water , sanitation , a healthy environment , access to public goods and services ( e.g. , health , education , transport and recreation ; access to livelihood and social protection , pluralism and the preservation of social , natural , historic and cultural patrimony . Since the ’80 HIC has been developing special capacities seeking gender equality , in a balanced articulation between reflection and action on different issues : the rights ' approach , the right to the city , the social production of habitat , women and habitat and the sustainable habitat . HIC specific work on the right to the city seeks to deepen the analysis and the actions on the proposal of building more just cities worldwide . HIC has been committed since decades in the creation of a theoretical and practical framework for the right to the city . The Coalition articulates and accompanies social movements and organizations in their struggle to achieve the realization of all human rights to ensure the collective well-being of inhabitants ; the democratic management and the social function of the city . HIC is also aware of the global challenges facing worldwide on climate change and food sovereignty and the obvious impacts on the cities : the Coalition works on broaden exchanges between urban and rural movements . HIC 'S work on social production of habitat seeks to derive practical lessons from the compilation , exchange and analysis of `` people 's processes '' in initiating , designing , building and maintaining local environments . These experiences , which build upon local social resources and demonstrate local social reliance and ingenuity , generate and promote methods and strategies that then can be shared and replicated across regions . Each region has given rise to diverse and specific examples of struggles and efforts that emphasize distinct circumstances and priorities to construct people-centred livelihoods . In order to strengthen people 's process for access and provision of land and shelter , lessons learned to date show a need to : understand what sustains the people 's process on land , housing and habitat/settlements development , in urban and rural areas , understand what are the forces , both external and internal , that strengthen or weaken peoples ' processes , including political and economic forces that have a bearing on people 's processes , and in particular the dynamics of the informal and formal land markets ; envision alternative ways to develop cities and other human settlements , evolving a bottom-up perspective on human settlement development without destroying livelihoods , assets and material achievements of the poor , while , quite to the contrary , supporting and nurturing livelihoods , assets and settlements of the poor , and their integration into the city ; articulate and support the people 's processes through policies and actions for both government and nongovernmental organizations ; develop more flexible design-based , knowledge-based and service-based housing policies and outputs with the objective of realizing the human right to adequate housing and equitable land use .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8e49d0383b7352f665644501878a71fb", "text": "Development trust Development Trusts are organisations operating in the United Kingdom that are : community based , owned and led engaged in the economic , environmental and social regeneration of a defined area or community independent but seek to work in partnership with other private , voluntary , and public sector organisations self-sufficient or aiming for self-sufficiency , and not for private profit . There is no set form of legal structure , and a development trust may be registered as a company limited by guarantee , a community interest company , or an industrial and provident society . Many register as charities . The activities undertaken by development trusts are various and include : running the local shop and post office developing play park and recreational facilities managing a housing development developing renewable energy projects such as wind farms setting up training programmes . They are informed by a belief that community regeneration that is achieved through community-owned enterprise is the way to build strong and sustainable communities . There are over 500 development trusts throughout the UK , co-ordinated in England by the Development Trusts Association ( DTA ) . The mission of the DTA , which was established in 1993 , is `` to bring about a successful development trust in every community that wants one '' . In January 2011 the DTA announced that they were merging with the British Association of Settlements and Social Action Centres and that a new joint organisation would be called `` Locality '' and that a new organisation for Northern Ireland had been established , joining the existing sister organisations in Wales and Development Trusts Association Scotland .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c678a375e983cd61c0f354b3b57c6785", "text": "Council of Europe Development Bank The Council of Europe Development Bank ( CEB , Banque de Développement du Conseil de l'Europe ) dates from 1956 , when the Council of Europe established the Resettlement Fund for National Refugees and Over-Population in Europe as a Partial Agreement . In 1994 , it changed its name to the Council of Europe Social Development Fund , before becoming the Council of Europe Development Bank in 1999 . Situated in Paris , the Bank is a separate legal entity and is autonomous in its decision-making . It has an excellent credit rating from Moody 's , Standard and Poor 's . and Fitch Ratings . The original aim was to help refugees and other displaced persons after the Second World War . It later expanded its scope of activities to include assistance to disaster victims , help with job creation , and improve social infrastructure . Its aim today is to promote social cohesion in its member states . The CEB acts as a development bank , granting loans to member states . In 2016 , its assets stood at 25.6 billion euros , which it uses to co-finance projects by means of loans of up to 40 % of the project cost . The current governor is Rolf WENZEL , born in 1954 , of German nationality .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "13104f0418b0eecf7bd552fa184702e7", "text": "National Infrastructure Reinvestment Bank The creation of a National Infrastructure Reinvestment Bank was first proposed by United States Senator Christopher J. Dodd and Senator Chuck Hagel in 2007 . However , several other iterations of a National Infrastructure Bank have been proposed and considered and it is likely that implementing legislation for the Bank will look quite different from that which was proposed in the original legislation . Barack Obama backed the proposed legislation in February 2008 and repeated his call in September 2010 , although he did not provide specifics about how the Bank should operate . In 2008 , Obama suggested that the Bank would borrow US$ 60 billion of federal funding to invest in infrastructure over 10 years , while leveraging `` up to $ 500 billion '' of private investment . It would invest in high-speed trains to provide an alternative to air travel , energy efficiency , and clean energy , among other kinds of public infrastructure . According to Obama , the Bank 's `` work will be determined by what will maximize our safety and security and ability to compete '' and it would `` create nearly two million new jobs '' , mainly in the construction industry . According to the text of the proposed legislation , funding for the bank would be taken from borrowed funds not to exceed one percent . The Bank would complement existing federal programs to fund infrastructure , such as the Highway Trust Fund or State Revolving Funds . It is expected to invest primarily in surface transport infrastructure , which is likely to include highways and mass transit . Obama did not mention investments in water supply and sanitation as an area of activity for the new Bank . The American Water Works Association ( AWWA ) estimates that investment in water supply and sanitation in the United States will have to be `` over $ 250 billion above current levels of spending in the next 20 to 30 years '' to replace aging infrastructure . The original version of the bill expired with the 110th Congress ; a different version of the bill was introduced into the 112th Congress by U.S. Representative Rosa L. DeLauro ( D - Connecticut 3rd District ) as H.R. 402 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4be9f6676c73dfea720100515f4f4e3e", "text": "Water resource management Water resource management is the activity of planning , developing , distributing and managing the optimum use of water resources . It is a sub-set of water cycle management . Ideally , water resource management planning has regard to all the competing demands for water and seeks to allocate water on an equitable basis to satisfy all uses and demands . As with other resource management , this is rarely possible in practice .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ed704d74b7af828037a8fe05f3eb3c33", "text": "Guro District, Seoul Guro District ( Guro-gu ) is a district of Seoul , South Korea , which was separated from Yeongdeungpo District on April 1 , 1980 . Located in the southwestern part of the city , where besides Yangcheon District and Geumcheon District Guro District has an important position as a transport link which contains railroads , land routes from the rest of Seoul to the south of the country . The Gyeongbu and Gyeongin railway lines connect Seoul to Busan and Incheon . In addition , Seoul Metropolitan Subway lines 1 , 2 , and 7 , and major highways intersect in Guro District . The name Guro originates from the legend that nine ( gu ) old men ( Korean : ro ) enjoyed longevity in the district . A digital industrial complex is located in Guro District . The Guro Digital Industrial Complex , which played a leading industrial role mainly with textile manufacturing , dressmaking and other labour-intensive industries in 1967 , has been rapidly changed into an IT industrial complex . This complex played a pivotal role in the economic growth of the South Korea 's development era , referred to as the `` Miracle on the Han River '' , and also contributed 10 percent of national export in the 1970s . Twenty-one percent of the total area of Guro District is a restricted zone to be used as a greenbelt with the only arboretum in Seoul . The zone is changing into a lively district as large labour-intensive factories are moving from the area and the council is developing what it terms its four zones . An `` e-government '' system based on this hosted the international e-participation forum on February 7 -- 9 , 2007 , with the participation of more than thirty-seven countries . The forum was launched with the theme `` Promoting Democracy and Regional Development '' and twenty-five mayors including André Santini ( Issy-les-Moulineaux , France ) , Kevin Foy ( Chapel Hill , US ) , Apirak Kosayothin ( Bangkok , Thailand ) , Uvais Mohamed Emthiyas ( Colombo , Sri Lanka ) , and world experts such as Dr William H. Dutton ( Director of Oxford Internet Institute at the University of Oxford , UK ) and Dr Ari-Veiko Anttiroiko ( professor at the University of Tampere , Finland ) participated in the forum . The Guro Declaration , adopted during the forum , aims to set up a portal site for e-government development and to establish a concrete project in order to bridge the digital divide among the world 's cities . This practice has been recognised for providing a new important step in the development of e-democracy . The e-participation forum was a key factor for Guro to play the leading role in bridging the digital divide among cities , to provide I.T. enterprises located in Guro Digital Industrial Complex the opportunity to launch into the international market , to improve its image and become a global leader to concrete e-democracy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b74fe7cda306fe9a7ecbf428dceee5cd", "text": "Global Roundtable on Climate Change The Global Roundtable on Climate Change , convened by the Earth Institute at Columbia University brought together representatives from corporations , research institutions , and government organizations to discuss the scientific consensus , economics , technology , and public policy issues associated with climate change . Following preliminary research and discussions , the group first met in 2005 and held a series of public and private meetings over the next five year . The Roundtable had five objectives : Improve global consensus on the science , technology , economics , and policy issues of anthropogenic climate change . Review technology and policy proposals for mitigating climate change while meeting global energy demand . Support research and prototypes of technologies and policies that address climate change . Provide a forum for discussion , analysis , and exchange of ideas from the represented groups . Support proposals and initiatives generated by the Roundtable 's discussions . Participants in the Roundtable meetings : ABB , Air France , Alcan , Alcoa , Alliant Energy , Allianz , American Electric Power , BASF , Bayer , Calvert Group , China Renewable Energy Industry Association , Citigroup , Coalition of Rainforest Nations , Columbia University , Deutsche Telekom , DuPont , Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand , Endesa , Environmental Defense , Eskom , Eni , Exelon , Fairfield University , FPL Group , General Electric , Iberdrola , ING Group , Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change , International Gas Union , Munich Re , National Grid , NRG Energy , Rainforest Alliance , Republic of Iceland , Ricoh , Suntech Power , Swiss Re , Vattenfall , Volvo , World Council on Churches , World Petroleum Council , and many others . The Roundtable was funded by a grant from the Lenfest Foundation . Jeffrey Sachs , Director of the Earth Institute served as Chair . David L. Downie served as Director of the Global Roundtable on Climate Change before leaving the Earth Institute to join Fairfield University . On February 20 , 2007 , the Roundtable released `` The Path to Climate Sustainability : A Joint Statement by the Global Roundtable on Climate Change '' . The Joint Statement outlines a post-Kyoto framework and has been endorsed by over 100 of the Roundtable participating corporations and organizations . The Statement outlines ways to effect change at the levels of policy and industry , particularly in regards to creating sustainable energy systems necessary for achieving economic growth . In addition to its internal discussions , which were aimed at information exchange , education and consensus building , and development of the parthbreaking Joint Statement , Roundtable participants also participated in public forums . For example , David L. Downie organized two side-event panels during sessions of the global climate negotiations that featured presentations by Roundtable Participants , including himself , regarding how businesses and scientists were working together to lower greenhouse gas emissions . David L. Downie also discussed the Roundtable and related issues at other events during the climate negotiations and in other forums", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8110456015f945533053d3b2d60290d5", "text": "Ecovillage Ecovillages are traditional or intentional communities whose goal is to become more socially , culturally , economically and ecologically sustainable . Ecovillages are consciously designed through locally owned , participatory processes to regenerate and restore their social and natural environments . Most range from a population of 50 to 150 individuals , although some are smaller , and traditional ecovillages are often much larger . Larger ecovillages often exist as networks of smaller subcommunities . Certain ecovillages have grown by the addition of individuals , families , or other small groups who are not necessarily members settling on the periphery of the ecovillage and effectively participating in the ecovillage community . Ecovillagers are united by shared ecological , social-economic and cultural-spiritual values . Concretely , ecovillagers seek alternatives to ecologically destructive electrical , water , transportation , and waste-treatment systems , as well as the larger social systems that mirror and support them . Many see the breakdown of traditional forms of community , wasteful consumerist lifestyles , the destruction of natural habitat , urban sprawl , factory farming , and over-reliance on fossil fuels as trends that must be changed to avert ecological disaster and create richer and more fulfilling ways of life . Ecovillages offer small-scale communities with minimal ecological impact or regenerative impacts as an alternative . However , such communities often cooperate with peer villages in networks of their own ( see Global Ecovillage Network for an example ) . This model of collective action is similar to that of Ten Thousand Villages , which supports the fair trade of goods worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "36ecd8b07a965260a2ce16a27fc0f1ef", "text": "Great Transition The Great Transition is a term used by the Global Scenario Group ( GSG ) to describe a vision of a just and sustainable global future . The term was originally used by Kenneth E. Boulding in The Meaning of the 20th Century -- The Great Transition ( 1964 ) , considered a hallmark conception of systems thinking and the shift from pre-modern to post-modern culture and the four possible courses of action that will allow humanity to successful journey the Great Transition . The elements of the Great Transition vision include egalitarian social and ecological values , increased human interconnectedness , improved quality of life , and a healthy planet , as well as an absence of poverty , war , and environmental destruction . The Great Transition concept has been adopted by numerous individuals and organizations in the sustainability sphere , most notably by Prime Minister of Bhutan Jigme Thinley , the New Economics Foundation , and the Capital Institute , and it was used as a major theme for the 2011 SmartCSOs conference on strategies for Civil Society Organisations in London .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "151623f42266e9deea25fa8d3de56f0d", "text": "Policy studies Policy studies is the combination of policy analysis and program evaluation . It `` involves systematically studying the nature , causes , and effects of alternative public policies , with particular emphasis on determining the policies that will achieve given goals . '' Policy Studies also examines the conflicts and conflict resolution that arise from the making of policies in civil society , the private sector , or more commonly , in the public sector ( e.g. government ) . It is frequently focused on the public sector but is equally applicable to other kinds of organizations ( e.g. , the not-for-profit sector ) . Some policy study experts graduate from public policy schools with public policy degrees . Alternatively , experts may have backgrounds in policy analysis , program evaluation , sociology , psychology , philosophy , economics , anthropology , geography , law , political science , social work , environmental planning and public administration . Traditionally , the field of policy studies focused on domestic policy , with the notable exceptions of foreign and defense policies . However , the wave of economic globalization , which ensued in the late 20th and early 21st centuries , created a need for a subset of policy studies that focuses on global governance , especially as it relates to issues that transcend national borders such as climate change , terrorism , nuclear proliferation , and economic development . This subset of policy studies , which is often referred to as international policy studies , typically requires mastery of a second language and attention to cross-cultural issues in order to address national and cultural biases . For example , the Monterey Institute of International Studies at Middlebury College offers Master of Arts programs that focus exclusively on international policy through a mix of interdisciplinary and cross-cultural analysis called the `` Monterey Way '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee77e33ff9c17eded2866bedce8e6cf1", "text": "Real estate development Real estate development , or property development , is a multifaceted business process , encompassing activities that range from the renovation and re-lease of existing buildings to the purchase of raw land and the sale of developed land or parcels to others . Real estate developers are the people and companies who coordinate all of these activities , converting ideas from paper to real property . Real estate development is different from construction , although many developers also manage the construction process . Developers buy land , finance real estate deals , build or have builders build projects , create , imagine , control and orchestrate the process of development from the beginning to end . Developers usually take the greatest risk in the creation or renovation of real estate -- and receive the greatest rewards . Typically , developers purchase a tract of land , determine the marketing of the property , develop the building program and design , obtain the necessary public approval and financing , build the structures , and rent out , manage , and ultimately sell it . Sometimes property developers will only undertake part of the process . For example , some developers source a property and get the plans and permits approved before selling the property with the plans and permits to a builder at a premium price . Alternatively , a developer that is also a builder may purchase a property with the plans and permits in place so that they do not have the risk of failing to obtain planning approval and can start construction on the development immediately . Developers work with many different counterparts along each step of this process , including architects , city planners , engineers , surveyors , inspectors , contractors , lawyers , leasing agents , etc. . In the Town and Country Planning context in the United Kingdom , ` development ' is defined in the Town and Country Planning Act 1990 s55 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9b2ddb19da453e47ccf1594948d8381d", "text": "New Mobility Agenda The New Mobility Agenda is an international institution which , although a virtual and open collaborative project today , was originally set up by an international working group meeting at the Abbey de Royaumont near Paris in 1974 with the support of the Parisian OECD to challenge old ideas and practices in the field of urban transport through a long term collaborative program of information exchange , education and peer support . The Agenda today draws together the experience , expertise and support of more than four thousand individuals and groups worldwide in an open collaborative peer network . One of the original proponents of this approach , Professor Mikoto Usui then director of the OECD Development Centre , referred to it in the founding meeting at the `` Abbé de Royaumont as an `` invisible college '' . Drawing together the experience and expertise of more than four thousand individuals and groups worldwide , who are networked via a combination of websites , discussion groups and fora , and collaborative projects , the Agenda takes an approach to transportation planning , policy and practice that has gained considerable force over the last two decades -- provides a leading-edge alternative to earlier ( 20th century ) methods of looking at and providing mobility for people and goods in cities . The Agenda has received prestigious awards for its contributions , including the Stockholm Environment Challenge Prize ( 2000 ) and the World Technology Environment Award ( 2002 ) . Like the sustainable transportation movement , to which it is closely related , it differs from previous methods ( which in fact still dominate planning , policy , investment and operations in most parts of the world ) in that it takes a global or broad systemic approach to the challenges of how to get around in cities , and is especially sensitive not only to pure transport efficiency ( which traditionally is interpreted in pure engineering terms as speed and volume of vehicle throughput ) but equally to matters of sustainable development , pollution and environmental impacts -- including matters relating to climate change , the reduction of Greenhouse gases , resource efficiency , energy conservation , public health , both personal and public economics , overall time savings , public spaces , and quality of life in communities , including relations between people in public spaces -- with particular attention to social justice and the unmet needs of women , children , and others with mobility or economic or health disadvantages which are not being properly served in our present mainly car-based systems and thinking , in which other forms of transport , including public transport , play only residual roles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5babcd801020d3d568da5a3ac6d4916f", "text": "Urban area An urban area is a human settlement with high population density and infrastructure of built environment . Urban areas are created through urbanization and are categorized by urban morphology as cities , towns , conurbations or suburbs . In urbanism , the term contrasts to rural areas such as villages and hamlets and in urban sociology or urban anthropology it contrasts with natural environment . The creation of early predecessors of urban areas during the urban revolution led to the creation of human civilization with modern urban planning , which along with other human activities such as exploitation of natural resources leads to human impact on the environment . The world 's urban population in 1950 of just 746 million has increased to 3.9 billion in the decades since . In 2009 , the number of people living in urban areas ( 3.42 billion ) surpassed the number living in rural areas ( 3.41 billion ) and since then the world has become more urban than rural . This was the first time that the majority of the world 's population lived in a city . In 2014 there were 7.25 billion people living on the planet , of which the global urban population comprised 3.9 billion . The Population Division of the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs at that time predicted the urban population would grow to 6.4 billion by 2050 , with 37 % of that growth to come from three countries : China , India and Nigeria . Urban areas are created and further developed by the process of urbanization . Urban areas are measured for various purposes , including analyzing population density and urban sprawl . Unlike an urban area , a metropolitan area includes not only the urban area , but also satellite cities plus intervening rural land that is socio-economically connected to the urban core city , typically by employment ties through commuting , with the urban core city being the primary labor market .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "54a88cb3032c53441ce3852d7ffa5e83", "text": "Building Bridges Coalition The Building Bridges Coalition ( also referred to as the BBC ) is a project of The Brookings Institution 's Initiative on International Volunteering and Service . It is a consortium of international volunteering organizations , universities and colleges , corporations , and government agencies working collaboratively to increase the number of volunteers from 50,000 to 100,000 by 2010 . Sample members include Global Citizen Network , Partners of the Americas , Globe Aware , and Washington University . The Coalition began in 2006 as one of three key components of the Brookings Institution 's Initiative on International Volunteering and Service . It currently comprises a coalition of more than 70 groups . These include corporations , non-governmental organizations , leading universities , and government agencies . All work in partnership to encourage more Americans to volunteer internationally .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c8a22d7a14c704bfdb50dd767eaac397", "text": "Street A street is a public thoroughfare ( usually paved ) in a built environment . It is a public parcel of land adjoining buildings in an urban context , on which people may freely assemble , interact , and move about . A street can be as simple as a level patch of dirt , but is more often paved with a hard , durable surface such as concrete , cobblestone or brick . Portions may also be smoothed with asphalt , embedded with rails , or otherwise prepared to accommodate non-pedestrian traffic . Originally the word `` street '' simply meant a paved road ( Latin : `` via strata '' ) . The word `` street '' is still sometimes used colloquially as a synonym for `` road '' , for example in connection with the ancient Watling Street , but city residents and urban planners draw a crucial modern distinction : a road 's main function is transportation , while streets facilitate public interaction . Examples of streets include pedestrian streets , alleys , and city-centre streets too crowded for road vehicles to pass . Conversely , highways and motorways are types of roads , but few would refer to them as streets .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "12586059182d5eb1514fbc353daec3bd", "text": "Global Wind Energy Council The Global Wind Energy Council ( GWEC ) was established in 2005 to provide a credible and representative forum for the entire wind energy sector at an international level . GWEC 's mission is to ensure that wind power is established as one of the world 's leading energy sources , providing substantial environmental and economic benefits . A new report launched by the Global Wind Energy Council predicts that , despite temporary supply chain difficulties , international wind markets are set to continue their strong growth . In 2006 , total installed wind power capacity increased by 25 % globally , generating some $ 18 billion ( US$ 23 billion ) worth of new generating equipment and bringing global wind power capacity up to more than 74GW . While the European Union is still the leading market in wind energy with over 48GW of installed capacity , other continents such as North America and Asia are developing quickly .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4bf6bae114897386fcc1e0db2c7c04c5", "text": "List of country groupings This is a list of groupings of countries or of intergovernmental organisations , formal or informal , organisational or economic category . African Union ( AU ) is a continental union consisting of all fifty-five countries on the African continent Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation ( APEC ) is a forum for 21 Pacific Rim member economies that promotes free trade throughout the Asia-Pacific region Arab League , a regional organization of Arab countries in and around North Africa , the Horn of Africa and Arabia , Algeria , Bahrain , Comoros , Djibouti , Egypt , Iraq , Jordan , Kuwait , Lebanon , Libya , Mauritania , Morocco , Oman , Palestine , Qatar , Saudi Arabia , Somalia , Sudan , Syria , Tunisia , United Arab Emirates , Yemen , to draw closer the relations between member States and co-ordinate collaboration between them , to safeguard their independence and sovereignty , and to consider in a general way the affairs and interests of the Arab countries ASEAN , The Association of Southeast Asian Nations , a regional organisation comprising ten Southeast Asian states BASIC countries , four large newly industrialized countries , Brazil , South Africa , India , China , to act jointly on climate change and emissions reduction Benelux Union is a politico-economic union of three neighbouring states in western Europe : Belgium , the Netherlands , and Luxembourg . BRIC , Brazil , Russia , India and China , which are all deemed to be at a similar stage of newly advanced economic development BRICS , Brazil , Russia , India , China and South Africa , leading developing or newly industrialized countries , and are distinguished by their large , sometimes fast-growing economies and significant influence on regional affairs CIVETS , six emerging markets countries , Colombia , Indonesia , Vietnam , Egypt , Turkey and South Africa , a diverse and dynamic economy and a young , growing population Commonwealth of Nations , fifty-two member states that are mostly former territories of the British Empire Development Assistance Committee ( DAC ) , to discuss issues surrounding aid , development and poverty reduction in developing countries , the world 's major donor countries , Australia , European Union , Iceland , New Zealand , South Korea , Austria , Finland , Ireland , Norway , Spain , Belgium , France , Italy , Poland , Sweden , Canada , Germany , Japan , Portugal , Switzerland , Czech Republic , Greece , Luxembourg , Slovakia , United Kingdom , Denmark , Hungary , Netherlands , Slovenia , United States Economic Cooperation Organisation ( ECO ) , Afghanistan , Azerbaijan , Iran , Kazakhstan , Kyrgyz , Pakistan , Tajikistan , Turkey , Turkmenistan , Uzbekistan , a political and economic organization , a platform to discuss ways to improve development and promote trade and investment opportunities , the objective is to establish a single market for goods and services EAEU , Eurasian Economic Union , an economic union of Belarus , Kazakhstan , Russia , Armenia , Kyrgyzstan EU , The European Union , a political and economic union of twenty-eight member states that are located primarily in Europe Four Asian Tigers , economies of Hong Kong , Singapore , South Korea , Taiwan , underwent rapid industrialization and maintained exceptionally high growth rates , now developed into advanced and high-income economies G4 nations , Brazil , Germany , India , and Japan , four countries which support each other 's bids for permanent seats on the United Nations Security Council Group of Eight ( G8 ) , Canada , France , Germany , Italy , Japan , the United Kingdom , the United States , and Russia , the world 's major highly industrialized economies in countries that view themselves as democracies G8 +5 , the G8 nations , plus the five leading emerging economies ( Brazil , China , India , Mexico , and South Africa ) G20 , or Group of Twenty , twenty major economies , Argentina , Australia , Brazil , Canada , China , European Union , France , Germany , India , Indonesia , Italy , Japan , South Korea , Mexico , Russia , Saudi Arabia , South Africa , Turkey , United Kingdom , United States , for studying , reviewing , and promoting high-level discussion of policy issues pertaining to the promotion of international financial stability Group of 7 ( G7 ) , Canada , France , Germany , Italy , Japan , the United Kingdom , and the United States , the seven major advanced economies as reported by the International Monetary Fund Group of 77 ( G77 ) , a loose coalition of developing nations , designed to promote its members ' collective economic interests and create an enhanced joint negotiating capacity in the United Nations Gulf Cooperation Council , Bahrain , Kuwait , Oman , Qatar , Saudi Arabia and the UAE . A regional intergovernmental political and economic union consisting of all Arab states of the Persian Gulf , except for Iraq . IBSA Dialogue Forum , India , Brazil , South Africa , an international tripartite grouping for promoting international cooperation among these countries Mercosur ( Southern Common Market ) , Argentina , Brazil , Paraguay , Uruguay , Venezuela , Bolivia , Chile , Peru , Colombia , Ecuador , Suriname , to promote free trade and the fluid movement of goods , people , and currency MIKTA , an informal partnership between Mexico , Indonesia , Republic of Korea , Turkey , Australia , to support effective global governance MINT , the economies of Mexico , Indonesia , Nigeria , and Turkey NACAr , Norway , Australia , Canada , Argentina , countries characterized by middle to high income per capita , a low population density and a concentration of exports in natural resources North American Free Trade Agreement , NAFTA is an agreement signed by Canada , Mexico , and the United States , creating a trilateral trade bloc in North America Next Eleven ( Nll ) , Bangladesh , Egypt , Indonesia , Iran , Mexico , Nigeria , Pakistan , the Philippines , Turkey , South Korea and Vietnam -- identified as having a high potential of becoming , along with the BRICS countries , among the world 's largest economies in the 21st century OECD , Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development , to stimulate economic progress and world trade , countries committed to democracy and the market economy , most OECD members are high-income economies with a very high Human Development Index ( HDI ) and are regarded as developed countries OPEC , Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries , thirteen countries accounting for an estimated 42 percent of global oil production and 73 percent of the world 's proven oil reserves P5 , permanent members of the United Nations Security Council , China , France , Russia , the United Kingdom , the United States PIGS , the economies of the countries of Portugal , Italy and or Ireland , Greece , and Spain United Nations ( UN ) , an intergovernmental organization to promote international co-operation , 193 member states . VISTA ( Vietnam , Indonesia , South Africa , Turkey , Argentina ) is an emerging markets grouping proposed in 2006 by BRICs Economic Research Institute of Japan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1532e34b5825738ec01662464b2031f1", "text": "The World Development Report 2011 The 2011 World Development Report : Conflict , Security and Development ( WDR ) is a document by the World Bank on the challenges organised violence poses to the advancement of less developed countries . The report finds that over the last 30 years poverty has been reduced for most of the world 's population - but this is not the case for the estimated 1.5 billion people living in countries blighted by on-going conflict . Not one low income country suffering from on-going violence has achieved a single Millennium Development Goal . Once mass violence takes root in a society , it can take a generation or more to restore stability . Organised violence as defined by the report includes civil and inter-state war as well as the violence resulting from criminal activity , especially drug and human trafficking . The WDR does not address interpersonal and domestic violence , though it acknowledges they are also relevant to development . The report finds that overall mass conflict has become less prevalent over recent decades , with the average number of worldwide battle deaths dropping from 164,000 per year in the 1980s to only 42,000 in the 2000s . But the 1.5 billion living in conflict wracked states have not benefited from this trend . A new form of mass violence plagues their countries , with cycles of political violence alternating with periods where as many or more die from criminal activity . Despite the difficulties in overcoming a legacy of conflict , violence or authoritarian rule , several countries have made impressive progress including Chile , Colombia , Ghana , Indonesia , Mozambique , South Africa and Timor-Leste . The report offers lessons drawn from these past successes . The World Bank stress that their report does not proscribe standard fixes suitable for all , and that efforts to resolve conflicts should be nationally led from within affected countries . Workable solutions will have to be tailored to each set of individual circumstance . Yet the WDR does find that previous successful efforts share many common features , which are reflected in the report 's WDR framework .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "abc02d8faefd45472242218da554f850", "text": "Bicycle poverty reduction Bicycle poverty reduction is the concept that access to bicycles and the transportation infrastructure to support them can dramatically reduce poverty . This has been demonstrated in various pilot projects in South Asia and Africa . Experiments done in Africa ( Uganda and Tanzania ) and Sri Lanka on hundreds of households have shown that a bicycle can increase the income of a poor family by as much as 35 % . Transport , if analyzed for the cost -- benefit analysis for rural poverty alleviation , has given one of the best returns in this regard . For example , road investments in India were a staggering 3 -- 10 times more effective than almost all other investments and subsidies in rural economy in the decade of the 1990s . What a road does at a macro level to increase transport , the bicycle supports at the micro level . The bicycle , in that sense , can be one of the best means to eradicate poverty in poor nations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "af1b9e8f82407d5fad00114adef2991c", "text": "Urban biosphere reserve An urban biosphere reserve is an attempt to apply the biosphere reserve concept to urban areas by the MAB Programme of UNESCO . Through urban planning and ecosystem management , an urban biosphere reserve is expected to support sustainable development and conservation . Brighton and Hove is bidding to become the world 's first urban biosphere reserve . The need for urban biosphere reserves has arisen as the number of people living in the world 's cities has reached three billion , nearly half of the total population . By 2050 two-thirds of the total population will be living in the cities . The rapid expansion of the cities and of their populations pose a challenge for a viable global environment . Although some of the existing biosphere reserves include cities and towns , entirely urban-oriented biosphere reserves have yet to be included in the list .", "title": "" } ]	fever
a279f28db59fa7d6b52e386dbc0d987d	A movie in 1966 featured Oliver Reed.	[ { "docid": "d010135e5d6509537c89210939589f1e", "text": "The Trap (1966 film) The Trap is an adventure/romance film released in 1966 , written by David D. Osborn and directed by Sidney Hayers . Shot in the wilderness of the Canadian province of British Columbia , Oliver Reed and Rita Tushingham star in this unusual love story about a rough trapper and a mute orphan girl . The soundtrack was composed by Ron Goodwin and the main theme ( Main Titles to The Trap ) is familiar as the title music used by the BBC for London Marathon coverage . The film had its World Premiere on 15 September 1966 at the Leicester Square Theatre in the West End of London .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "56a1663dc69781dffd6bb8009466db6a", "text": "Oliver Reed Robert Oliver Reed ( 13 February 1938 -- 2 May 1999 ) was an English actor known for his upper-class , macho image , hellraiser lifestyle , and `` tough guy '' roles . Notable films include The Trap ( 1966 ) , Oliver ! ( 1968 ) , Women in Love ( 1969 ) , Hannibal Brooks ( 1969 ) , The Devils ( 1971 ) , The Three Musketeers ( 1973 ) , Tommy ( 1975 ) , Lion of the Desert ( 1981 ) , Castaway ( 1986 ) , The Adventures of Baron Munchausen ( 1988 ) and Funny Bones ( 1995 ) . For Gladiator ( 2000 ) , his final film , Reed was posthumously nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role . At the peak of his career , in 1971 , British exhibitors voted Reed 5th most popular star at the box office .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "5ce50bcdf7976e11f3b97cb8c5e548a7", "text": "Her Boy Friend Her Boy Friend is a 1924 silent comedy film featuring Oliver Hardy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "05da206c4d3b4a37d417de6b8203d372", "text": "It (1966 film) It is a 1966 West German film directed by Ulrich Schamoni and starring Sabine Sinjen and . It was chosen as West Germany 's official submission to the 38th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film , but did not manage to receive a nomination . It was also entered into the 1966 Cannes Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dbc9583971e6d5dcc6fbf68f46a2b6b1", "text": "Around the World Under the Sea Around the World Under the Sea is a 1966 science fiction film directed by Andrew Marton and starring Lloyd Bridges , with Marshall Thompson , Shirley Eaton , Gary Merrill , and David McCallum . It follows the adventures of a crew of the deep-diving nuclear-powered civilian research submarine Hydronaut making a submerged circumnavigation of the world to plant monitoring sensors on the ocean floor that will help scientists better predict impending earthquakes . Although Jules Verne is n't credited by the film makers , his influence can be seen throughout the film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "07170861116c6f493b3546db613da3da", "text": "Gordon Oliver Gordon Oliver ( April 27 , 1910 -- January 26 , 1995 ) was an American actor and film producer . He appeared in more than 45 films and television shows between 1933 and 1972 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a7bffdf01d7e7939c40e961605d36999", "text": "Before This Night Is Over Before This Night Is Over ( Kým sa skončí táto noc ) is a 1966 Slovak drama film directed by Peter Solan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ceb866248ce101bcbf1dbebe079e6b96", "text": "Diamond Safari (1966 film) Diamond Safari is a 1966 French thriller film directed by Michel Drach and starring Marie-José Nat , Jean-Louis Trintignant and Horst Frank . Its French title is Safari diamants . A young man becomes involved with a gang of diamond-smugglers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0ed90829e3184cc196755ba12f1f4042", "text": "Oliver Twist (1912 film) Oliver Twist is a 1912 British silent drama film directed by Thomas Bentley and starring Ivy Millais , Alma Taylor and Harry Royston . It is an adaptation of the 1838 novel Oliver Twist by Charles Dickens . It was the directorial debut of Bentley who went on to become a leading British director . It was the first in a series of Dickens adaptations by Bentley .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ced134ae2a66d503f9cf8cf8ec29170d", "text": "Not Much Force Not Much Force is a 1915 American silent comedy film featuring Oliver Hardy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ed72d632df5c16047a41afc2bda0c77", "text": "The Professionals (1966 film) The Professionals is a 1966 American western written , produced , and directed by Richard Brooks . It starred Burt Lancaster , Lee Marvin , Robert Ryan , and Claudia Cardinale , with Jack Palance , Ralph Bellamy , and Woody Strode in supporting roles . The script was adapted from the novel A Mule for the Marquesa by Frank O'Rourke . The film received three Academy Award nominations and an enthusiastic critical reception .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0c11bfea3c2f171e7ab9ab904e98e84c", "text": "Oliver! (song) `` Oliver ! '' is the title song from the 1960s original West End and Broadway musical Oliver ! and the 1968 film of the same name .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e5ceaf3ae58849cf2f5f5a52a820df9c", "text": "Mark Lester Mark Lester ( born Mark A. Letzer ; 11 July 1958 ) is an English former child actor known for playing the title role in the 1968 musical film version of Oliver ! and starring in a number of other British and European films of the 1960s and 1970s and in a number of television series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fd961d25925f1d19e95280c22bb01430", "text": "El Greco (1966 film) El Greco is a 1966 Italian drama film and biography of the master painter El Greco directed by Luciano Salce and starring Mel Ferrer and Rosanna Schiaffino .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f7615764b8fab5e205812ca031eb41f1", "text": "Anonymous (1966 film) Anonymous is a 1966 TV play broadcast by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation . It was by Pat Flower and was part of Australian Playhouse .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "918b21a9b2bd6860ff1b55f69c101406", "text": "The Other Girl The Other Girl is a 1917 American comedy film directed by and starring Oliver Hardy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f13d8108b44d15886f05fa1f65506ea8", "text": "Fantastic Voyage Fantastic Voyage is a 1966 American science fiction film directed by Richard Fleischer and written by Harry Kleiner , based on a story by Otto Klement and Jerome Bixby . The film is about a submarine crew who shrink to microscopic size and venture into the body of an injured scientist to repair the damage to his brain . The original story took place in the 19th century and was meant to be a Jules Verne -- style adventure with a sense of wonder . Kleiner abandoned all but the concept of miniaturization and added a Cold War element . The film starred Stephen Boyd , Raquel Welch , Edmond O'Brien , and Donald Pleasence . Bantam Books obtained the rights for a paperback novelization based on the screenplay and approached Isaac Asimov to write it . Because the novelization was released six months before the movie , many people mistakenly believed the film was based on Asimov 's book . The movie inspired an animated television series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "383aebd9a18415e19d28c3f67f38511e", "text": "Twin Flats Twin Flats is a 1916 American silent comedy film featuring Oliver Hardy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a56ecd2b07d430a364f44ba3fad5be70", "text": "Restoration (1995 film) Restoration is a 1995 American historical drama film directed by Michael Hoffman . It stars Robert Downey , Jr. as a 17th-century medical student exploited by the king . The film , which is based on the novel of the same title by Rose Tremain , was filmed in Wales and won two Academy Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "689ad283295211bcf833024cc6e385fa", "text": "A Stroke of 1000 Millions A Stroke of 1000 Millions ( Un colpo da mille miliardi , Un golpe de mil millones , Intrigue à Suez ) is a 1966 Italian-Spanish-French Eurospy film directed by Paolo Heusch and starring Rik Van Nutter . It was shot in Egypt , Spain , Istanbul and Rome .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc464230680fa101e6f9ec8cee183677", "text": "Sunset Carson Rides Again Sunset Carson Rides Again is a 1948 American film directed by Oliver Drake .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "917016176825005d365016e0d9adf8d0", "text": "The Flight of the Phoenix (1965 film) The Flight of the Phoenix is a 1965 American drama film starring James Stewart , produced and directed by Robert Aldrich , and based on the 1964 novel The Flight of the Phoenix by Elleston Trevor . The story describes several men struggling to survive their aircraft 's emergency landing in the Sahara Desert , and stars Richard Attenborough , Peter Finch , Hardy Krüger and Ernest Borgnine . The ensemble cast includes Ian Bannen , Ronald Fraser , Christian Marquand , Dan Duryea and George Kennedy as other passengers on the aircraft . Though the film was a failure at the box office , it has since gained a cult following .", "title": "" } ]	fever
f10b00900503c83ed45ae4f0845cef92	Tyrese Gibson is not well known for his role in the Transformers film series.	[ { "docid": "5741bc845014ea5acdfae58b140e3d80", "text": "Tyrese Gibson Tyrese Darnell Gibson ( born December 30 , 1978 ) , also known mononymously as Tyrese , is an American Grammy-nominated singer , songwriter , actor , author , television producer , former fashion model and MTV VJ . He is best known for his roles as Joseph `` Jody '' Summers in Baby Boy , Roman Pearce in the Fast and the Furious series and Robert Epps in the Transformers film series . After releasing several albums , he transitioned into films , with lead roles in several major Hollywood releases .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "db369b16c9c27e78a2f3f16972cc55a1", "text": "Ramjet (Transformers) Ramjet is the name of several fictional characters in the Transformers toy-based media franchise . All have been Decepticon aligned characters who turn into jets , usually white .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "35c1ce30072843edffdd6b027d029db5", "text": "Beast Wars: Transformers (video game) Beast Wars : Transformers is a third-person shooter developed by Sony Computer Entertainment Cambridge and published by Hasbro Interactive and Takara on December 5 , 1997 for PlayStation and May 31 , 1998 for PC . It is based on the popular Transformers : Beast Wars animated series , specifically the first season , after the introduction of Airazor and Inferno .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "42ca9a037e3440c74d8c1aa800b03edb", "text": "Lorenzo di Bonaventura Lorenzo di Bonaventura ( -LSB- loˈrɛntso di bɔ nɑ vɛnˈtu rɑ -RSB- ; born November 29 , 1957 ) is an American film producer and founder of his company Di Bonaventura Pictures . He is best known for producing the Transformers film series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "51ef683ea049df764870b3e794fb048f", "text": "Tow-Line Tow-Line is the name of two fictional characters in the various Transformers universes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a157ce4ff4cc117b2878270518a395eb", "text": "Someone to Love (film) Someone to Love , directed by Henry Jaglom , is a film made in 1987 . It was Orson Welles ' final live action film appearance , released after his death but produced before his voice-over in The Transformers : The Movie . The film was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1987 Cannes Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d33ea65c5c3e02d55b92275c041ebe07", "text": "Transformers: Victory is an anime series produced by Toei Animation . It is a Japanese-produced spin-off of the well-known original Transformers cartoon , and the final complete animated series from the original `` Generation 1 '' era .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8647b2eb8a26e412ed44ffe47fcb933d", "text": "Alien (film) Alien is a 1979 British-American science-fiction horror film directed by Ridley Scott , and starring Sigourney Weaver , Tom Skerritt , Veronica Cartwright , Harry Dean Stanton , John Hurt , Ian Holm and Yaphet Kotto . The film 's title refers to a highly aggressive extraterrestrial creature that stalks and kills the crew of a spaceship . Dan O'Bannon wrote the screenplay from a story he wrote with Ronald Shusett , drawing influence from previous works of science fiction and horror . The film was produced by Gordon Carroll , David Giler and Walter Hill through their Brandywine Productions and distributed by 20th Century Fox . Giler and Hill made revisions and additions to the script . Shusett was executive producer . The eponymous Alien and its accompanying elements were designed by Swiss artist H. R. Giger , while concept artists Ron Cobb and Chris Foss designed the human aspects of the film . Alien launched the Alien franchise and is chronologically the first of the main series , with the prequel series set in an earlier timeframe . Alien received both critical acclaim and box office success , receiving an Academy Award for Best Visual Effects , Saturn Awards for Best Science Fiction Film , Best Direction for Scott , and Best Supporting Actress for Cartwright , and a Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation , along with numerous other award nominations . It has remained highly praised in subsequent decades , being considered one of the greatest films of all time . In 2002 , the film was deemed `` culturally , historically or aesthetically significant '' by the Library of Congress and was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry . In 2008 , it was ranked as the seventh-best film in the science fiction genre by the American Film Institute , and as the 33rd greatest film of all time by Empire magazine . The success of Alien spawned a media franchise of novels , comic books , video games , and toys . It also launched Weaver 's acting career by providing her with her first lead role , and the story of her character Ellen Ripley 's encounters with the Alien creatures became the thematic thread that ran through the sequels Aliens ( 1986 ) , Alien 3 ( 1992 ) and Alien : Resurrection ( 1997 ) . , a crossover with the Predator franchise produced the Alien vs. Predator series , which includes Alien vs. Predator ( 2004 ) and Aliens vs. Predator : Requiem ( 2007 ) , and also a prequel series of films , which includes Prometheus ( 2012 ) and Alien : Covenant ( 2017 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f9654a789e212ec4f0b6312947421724", "text": "Transformers Decepticons Transformers Decepticons is a video game based on fictional alien robots , Transformers . This version follows an alternate plot of the 2007 live action film Transformers . Most prominently , while the Autobots version has missions in the Arctic , the Decepticons version contain desert missions taking place in a Qatar military base .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4afdbab80b061a155aae0cc78a899cbe", "text": "Wheeljack Wheeljack is the name of several robot vehicles in the Transformers franchise .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "70872fe702b5c1d334559997c24581c7", "text": "James Bachman James Hamilton Bachman ( born 24 February 1972 ) is an English comedian , actor and writer . He has written for and acted in many British television and radio programmes , including That Mitchell and Webb Look , Saxondale , Bleak Expectations and Sorry , I 've Got No Head . In 2014 he co-starred in the film Transformers : Age of Extinction . He is the grandson of the best-selling author M. M. Kaye , and holds both British and American citizenship .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "21e1eb519f83e42b10ad55efdda469d9", "text": "The Transformers (1986 video game) The Transformers is a platform shoot 'em up game based on the Transformers franchise . It was written by Denton Designs and released by Ocean Software for the Sinclair Spectrum and Commodore 64 home computers in 1986", "title": "" }, { "docid": "572b4d1165e700bbe47e568a64685ef6", "text": "William Gibson William Ford Gibson ( born March 17 , 1948 ) is an American-Canadian speculative fiction writer and essayist widely credited with pioneering the science fiction subgenre known as cyberpunk . Beginning his writing career in the late 1970s , his early works were noir , near-future stories that explored the effects of technology , cybernetics , and computer networks on humans -- a `` combination of lowlife and high tech '' -- and helped to create an iconography for the information age before the ubiquity of the Internet in the 1990s . Gibson notably coined the term `` cyberspace '' in his short story `` Burning Chrome '' ( 1982 ) and later popularized the concept in his acclaimed debut novel Neuromancer ( 1984 ) . These early works have been credited with `` renovating '' science fiction literature after it had fallen largely into insignificance in the 1970s . After expanding on Neuromancer with two more novels to complete the dystopic Sprawl trilogy , Gibson collaborated with Bruce Sterling on the alternate history novel The Difference Engine ( 1990 ) , which became an important work of the science fiction subgenre steampunk . In the 1990s , Gibson composed the Bridge trilogy of novels , which explored the sociological developments of near-future urban environments , postindustrial society , and late capitalism . Following the turn of the century and the events of 9/11 , Gibson emerged with a string of increasingly realist novels -- Pattern Recognition ( 2003 ) , Spook Country ( 2007 ) , and Zero History ( 2010 ) -- set in a roughly contemporary world . These works saw his name reach mainstream bestseller lists for the first time . His more recent novel , The Peripheral ( 2014 ) , returned to a more overt engagement with technology and recognizable science fiction concerns . In 1999 , The Guardian described Gibson as `` probably the most important novelist of the past two decades , '' while the Sydney Morning Herald called him the `` noir prophet '' of cyberpunk . Throughout his career , Gibson has written more than 20 short stories and 10 critically acclaimed novels ( one in collaboration ) , contributed articles to several major publications , and collaborated extensively with performance artists , filmmakers , and musicians . His work has been cited as an influence across a variety of disciplines spanning academia , design , film , literature , music , cyberculture , and technology .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e78701a46db1d8bca6488ca193abaa7c", "text": "Pokémon Apokélypse Pokémon Apokélypse is a 2010 fan-made short film directed by Kial Natale and produced by Dylan Innes and Lee Majdoub . Based on the Pokémon franchise , the storyline takes place several years after the events of the original anime series . Intended as a fan-response to `` the common trend of ` dark and gritty ' reboots of popular franchises '' , the film was meant to give a mature spin on Pokémon and be in the same vein as work seen on parody website CollegeHumor . The creators initially intended to reveal the film at the Vancouver Anime Evolution convention , it was not shown due to technical difficulties . Instead on September 14 , 2010 , it revealed online via a teaser segment distributed through emails sent to various media outlets , which presented itself as a recording of a `` secret movie trailer screening '' for a film in development . The full film followed shortly thereafter , posted online on September 20 . The result of almost two years of work , the film follows Ash Ketchum and his friends years after the events of the original anime series , and their struggle against criminal organization Rocket Industries . Deciding on using the subject of Pokémon after considering several possibilities such as Grand Theft Auto and Dragon Ball Z , the producers were surprised by fan reaction to the material . Despite praises for the content , they have stated they have no intention to produce a full-fledged film . The initial `` leaked '' preview was met with skepticism and criticism , with Crave Online in particular recalling the trend of past video game-inspired films being of poor quality . Kotaku and Topless Robot in particular noting that the preview did it a disservice by hiding the charm of the completed project , which by comparison was met with very positive reception . GamesRadar called it `` amazing '' , and stated that the content was `` good enough for grown ups '' ; in a further discussion , they added they were impressed by the quality of the work , and how it addressed the similarity between the games and dog fighting . Other sources such as The Escapist and Game Informer also heavily praised the production , with the former lamenting that such a concept would never officially appear from Nintendo .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "55e2f0da157657339f6abf18774004d7", "text": "Transformers: Scramble City , sometimes referred to as just is an episode of The Transformers released as an OVA ( Original Video Animation ) in Japan in April 1986 . It was created as a promotional video for the new line of ` Scramble City ' toys and the cassettes were paired with the toy sets . Despite strong belief ( such as that voiced on the 20th Anniversary DVD bonus commentary for the episode ) , it was not meant to introduce Japanese audiences to the new characters from The Transformers : The Movie ( considering Ultra Magnus , Ramhorn , Steeljaw , and Ratbat are the only ones from the film that appear in it ) . Chronologically , it takes place years before the movie during the early stages of construction on Autobot City . But since Trypticon appeared ( and was supposed to debut in Five Faces of Darkness ) , it can be assumed that this video takes place after Alternity .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8e50128bcbd5d2f49bc495827ef5995c", "text": "E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial is a 1982 American science fiction fantasy film co-produced and directed by Steven Spielberg , and written by Melissa Mathison . It features special effects by Carlo Rambaldi and Dennis Muren , and stars Henry Thomas , Dee Wallace , Robert MacNaughton , Drew Barrymore , Peter Coyote and Pat Welsh . It tells the story of Elliott ( Thomas ) , a lonely boy who befriends an extraterrestrial , dubbed `` E.T. '' , who is stranded on Earth . He and his siblings help it return home while attempting to keep it hidden from their mother and the government . The concept was based on an imaginary friend Spielberg created after his parents ' divorce in 1960 . In 1980 , Spielberg met Mathison and developed a new story from the stalled sci-fi horror film project Night Skies . It was shot from September to December 1981 in California on a budget of US$ 10.5 million . Unlike most films , it was shot in rough chronological order , to facilitate convincing emotional performances from the young cast . Released on June 11 , 1982 by Universal Pictures , E.T was an immediate blockbuster , surpassing Star Wars to become the highest-grossing film of all time -- a record it held for eleven years until Jurassic Park , another Spielberg-directed film , surpassed it in 1993 . It is the highest-grossing film of the 1980s . Widely regarded as one of the greatest films of all time , critics acclaimed it as a timeless story of friendship , and it ranks as the greatest science fiction film ever made in a Rotten Tomatoes survey . In 1994 , it was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' . It was re-released in 1985 , and then again in 2002 to celebrate its 20th anniversary , with altered shots and additional scenes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6878e3d72851099564b3ac138c934a97", "text": "Bulkhead (Transformers) Bulkhead is the name of four fictional characters from the Transformers franchise . All incarnations of Bulkhead are Autobots and are green in color . He was introduced in Transformers : Energon and later redebuted in Transformers : Animated as a completely new character . The Animated Bulkhead became so popular that he was adapted to reappear in Transformers : Prime . Whereas he was a minor character in Energon , the Animated/Prime Bulkhead appears as a main character in both series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "876022af87f647b87f58627e959d35fd", "text": "Dark City (1998 film) Dark City is a 1998 American-Australian neo-noir science fiction film directed by Alex Proyas . The screenplay was written by Proyas , Lem Dobbs and David S. Goyer . The film stars Rufus Sewell , Kiefer Sutherland , Jennifer Connelly , and William Hurt . Sewell plays John Murdoch , an amnesiac man who finds himself suspected of murder . Murdoch attempts to discover his true identity and clear his name while on the run from the police and a mysterious group known only as the `` Strangers '' . The majority of the film was shot at Fox Studios Australia . It was jointly produced by New Line Cinema and Mystery Clock Cinema . New Line Cinema distributed the theatrical release . The film premiered in the United States on February 27 , 1998 . The film was nominated for Hugo and Saturn Awards . For the theatrical release , the studio was concerned that the audience would not understand the film and asked Proyas to add an explanatory voice-over narration to the introduction . A director 's cut was released in 2008 , restoring and preserving Proyas 's original artistic vision for the film . Some critics have noted its similarities and possible influence on the Matrix series , which came out a year later .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dac4d60c90a9e4740428736d3167e0da", "text": "Spike Witwicky Spike Witwicky is a regular character in the Transformers comics and television series . Spike and the rest of the Witwicky family members are the closest human allies of the Autobots . Their motto is `` No sacrifice , no victory '' . They appeared in the original television and comic book series and later in the live action films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a5d47fb71a6dcbe1716a5f6725c88f17", "text": "Jaye Davidson Jaye Davidson ( born Alfred Amey ; March 21 , 1968 ) is an American-born British model and retired actor . He is best known for his role as the transgender character Dil in the 1992 suspense-drama thriller film The Crying Game , for which he received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor , and for appearing in 1994 's Stargate as the god-like Ra .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e6c4fd258513b86b07e6ddbc317b3d04", "text": "Beast Wars II: Super Life-Form Transformers is a 1998 Japanese Transformers anime series , spawning a movie and a toyline . It was broadcast on TV Tokyo from April 1998 to January 1999 , and was the first Transformers anime to be produced by Nihon Ad Systems and animated by the studio Ashi Productions . While its position in the Transformers continuity has previously been unknown , the IDW Publishing comic book mini-series Beast Wars : The Gathering and comments from Transformers writer Simon Furman have shown it is part of the Beast Wars continuity . The series was preceded by Beast Wars , and was followed by Super Life-Form Transformers : Beast Wars Neo . Voices are done by Hozumi Gōda and each episode runs for 30 minutes . This anime was succeeded by Beast Wars Neo . The series has a much lighter tone and is aimed more towards children , whereas the more accessible Beast Wars was intended for a wider age range . The series also uses conventional animation rather than CGI . With the exceptions of the faction leaders , all of the characters within the series are either re-molds or re-colors of earlier Beast Wars figures or Generation 2/Machine Wars figures . In addition to the 43 episodes , there is also a 50-minute movie , Beast Wars II : Lio Convoy 's Close Call ! , which takes place sometime between episodes 32 and 38 , and a manga adaptation by Shoji Imaki . The only other country it was published in is Korea , and it was done by Daewon Media . The anime was also released in Korea , and it was broadcast on SBS .", "title": "" } ]	fever
9c7e7a73750de34f073d9763d04a9cbe	Bermuda is approximately 1578 km north of Japan.	[ { "docid": "f3cef9cc17235922e60bb68b13c3fd4f", "text": "Bermuda Bermuda ( -LSB- pronbərˈmjuːdə -RSB- ) is a British Overseas Territory in the North Atlantic Ocean . It is approximately 1070 km east-southeast of Cape Hatteras , North Carolina ; 1236 km south of Cape Sable Island , Nova Scotia ; and 1578 km north of San Juan , Puerto Rico . The capital city is Hamilton . Bermuda is an associate member of Caribbean Community ( CARICOM ) . The first person known to have reached Bermuda was the Spanish sea captain Juan de Bermúdez in 1503 , after whom the islands are named . He claimed the islands for the Spanish Empire . Bermúdez never landed on the islands , but made two visits to the archipelago , of which he created a recognisable map . Shipwrecked Portuguese mariners are now thought to have been responsible for the 1543 inscription on Portuguese Rock ( previously called Spanish Rock ) . Subsequent Spanish or other European parties are believed to have released pigs there , which had become feral and abundant on the island by the time European settlement began . In 1609 , the English Virginia Company , which had established Jamestown in Virginia two years earlier , permanently settled Bermuda in the aftermath of a hurricane , when the crew and passengers of the Sea Venture steered the ship onto the surrounding reef to prevent its sinking , then landed ashore . The island was administered as an extension of Virginia by the Company until 1614 . Its spin-off , the Somers Isles Company , took over in 1615 and managed the colony until 1684 . At that time , the company 's charter was revoked , and the English Crown took over administration . The islands became a British colony following the 1707 unification of the parliaments of Scotland and England , which created the Kingdom of Great Britain . After 1949 , when Newfoundland became part of Canada , Bermuda became the oldest remaining British overseas territory . After the return of Hong Kong to China in 1997 , Bermuda became the most populous British territory . Its first capital , St. George 's , was established in 1612 . Bermuda 's economy is based on offshore insurance and reinsurance , and tourism , the two largest economic sectors . Bermuda had one of the world 's highest GDP per capita for most of the 20th century and several years beyond . Recently , its economic status has been affected by the global recession . It has a subtropical climate . Bermuda is the northernmost point of the Bermuda Triangle , a region of sea in which , according to legend , a number of aircraft and surface vessels have disappeared under supposedly unexplained or mysterious circumstances . The island is in the hurricane belt and prone to severe weather . However , it is somewhat protected from the full force of a hurricane by the coral reef that surrounds the island .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "e9d2cfe85accca7943e509e31271f973", "text": "North Korea Cold Current The North Korea Cold Current ( NKCC ) is a cold water oceanic current in the Sea of Japan ( East Sea of Korea ) that flows southward from near Vladivostok along the coastline of the eastern Korean Peninsula . It is a branch of the Liman Current from the Sea of Okhotsk and has a flow rate of about a half knot . The NKCC meets the northward flowing East Korean Warm Current at latitude 37 -- 38 ° N , causing the flow to separate from the peninsula . At about latitude 40 ° N , the NKCC meets the Tsushima Warm Current .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e79d5afb99d01dd060bec9405179eedc", "text": "Brunei–Japan relations Brunei -- Japan relations ( Hubungan Brunei - Jepun , 日本とブルネイの関係 ) refers to bilateral foreign relations between Brunei and Japan . Brunei has an embassy in Tokyo , and Japan has an embassy in Bandar Seri Begawan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "41cab5ef1447356994d0ca740c41cc43", "text": "VSNL Transpacific VSNL Transpacific ( previously TGN Transpacific ) is a submarine telecommunications cable system transiting the Pacific ocean . The cable system is constructed with one cable from Emi , Japan , to Hillsboro , Oregon , United States ; one from Toyohashi , Japan , to Hillsboro ; one from Toyohashi , Japan , to Los Angeles , California , United States ; and one from Toyohashi to Guam . The TGN-P `` Southern '' route between Guam , Hawaii , and California was built but one fiber of the 8 was damaged over the Marianas Trench and the southern system was transferred to the US Department of Justice when TYCOM TGN was sold to VSNL in bankruptcy . The cables between Japan and Hillsboro are each constructed with 8 fibre pairs per cable , which at construction could support up to 96 10 Gbit/s waves in its 2001 configuration and the system has demonstrated performance at 100Gbit/s per wave . It has landing points in : Emi , Kamogawa City , Chiba Prefecture , Japan Toyohashi , Aichi Prefecture , Japan Piti , Guam Nedonna Beach , Tillamook County near Hillsboro , Washington County , Oregon , USA ( two cable landing points ) Hermosa Beach , Los Angeles County , California , USA", "title": "" }, { "docid": "692fadc678765c486ae44adac7096d02", "text": "Japan–Malta relations Japan -- Malta relations refers to bilateral foreign relations between Japan and Malta . Their diplomatic relations were established in 1965 . Malta has a consulate in Tokyo . Japan has an Embassy to Malta , which is part of the Embassy of Japan in Rome , Italy , and a consulate in Valletta , Malta .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "db008f6dc753d708efcd8266d0fc103b", "text": "Castle Harbour, Bermuda Castle Harbour is a large natural harbour in Bermuda . It is located between the northeastern end of the main island and St. David 's Island . Originally called Southampton Port , it was renamed as a result of its heavy fortification in the early decades of the Seventeenth century .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f38d4e1e5e8cfa1cfe023c0c9c9990ef", "text": "Bahrain–Japan relations Bahrain -- Japan relations refers to the historic and current bilateral relationship between Bahrain and Japan . Diplomatic relations were first established in 1972 , and since then they have had increasing economic , cultural , and military cooperation , with Japan becoming one of the major trading partners of Bahrain . Several high-level official visits have taken place , including by King Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa to Japan in 2012 , Crown Prince Salman in 2013 , and Prime Minister Shinzo Abe to Bahrain in 2013 , with the governments of both countries expressing their intent to continue to increase their bilateral relations . Japan recognized the kingdom in August 1971 , and has maintained an embassy in Manama since 1988 while Bahrain has an had an embassy in Tokyo since 2005 . The Bahraini ambassador to Japan is Khalil Bin Ebrahim Hassan , who has held his post since 2005 , while the Japanese ambassador to Bahrain has been Kiyoshi Asako since 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9e00e216be991cafc9ad2c0f5016591a", "text": "Bermuda National Trust The Bermuda National Trust is an charitable organization which works to preserve and protect the heritage of Bermuda . According to its website , the organization has the following purposes : `` The Bermuda National Trust is a charity , established in 1970 to preserve natural , architectural and historic treasures and to encourage public appreciation of them . The Trust 's programmes and activities are focused in the key areas of Preservation , Education and Advocacy . Its purpose is to ensure that Bermuda 's unique heritage remains protected for future generations . '' The Bermuda National Trust cares for 82 properties throughout the territory , covering 250 acres ( 1 km ² ) and representing much of the best of Bermuda 's heritage . These include a number of different historic houses , islands , gardens , cemeteries , nature reserves and coastline . The Trust also runs three museums displaying a collection of artefacts owned and made by Bermudians showing the development of the territory , as well as an education programme , focussing on the island 's history and what it means to our future . The Trust has reciprocal agreements with heritage organization 's across Africa , Asia , Caribbean , Europe and across the Pacific allowing its members to use the facilities of its partners . This also allows members of other National Trusts to visit sites in Burmuda . The Burmuda National Trust 's predecessor was the Bermuda Historical Monuments Trust . This organization existed from its establishment in 1937 to 1970 . The Trust collaborated with other organisations , including the government Departments of Conservation Services , Environmental Protection , Parks and Environmental Health , as well as the Bermuda Aquarium , Museum and Zoo , Bermuda Audubon Society and Keep Bermuda Beautiful . The Trust is governed by a 13-member council .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1f6c38cd83a5de2ad8423df4360059a9", "text": "White Bermudian White Bermudians or Bermudians of European descent are Bermudians whose ancestry lies within the continent of Europe , most notably the British Isles and Portugal . Initially , the White population of Bermuda made up the majority of the island who came to the island as indentured servants . This remained the case until Black Slaves were taken to the island , Free Blacks began to migrate to the island during the 17th century . Many Scots and Irish were also brought to the island as white slaves and made up large pockets of the population . In the 19th century the Black population surpassed the white majority . Black Bermudian remains the islands largest ethnic group . A number of European Bermudians are foreign-born nationals , many are from the United States and Canada - due to its close proximity to the island - as well as the United Kingdom ( this may be because the island is a British Overseas Territory ) . Currently , European Bermudians are a minority ethnic group in Bermuda , accounting for 31 % of the territory 's population .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a782c2d74a05645eda614a98fdba190", "text": "Bermuda Conference The Bermuda Conference was an international conference between the United Kingdom and the United States held from April 19 , 1943 , through April 30 , 1943 , at Hamilton , Bermuda . The topic of discussion was the question of Jewish refugees who had been liberated by Allied forces and those who still remained in Nazi-occupied Europe . The only agreement made was that the war must be won against the Nazis . US immigration quotas were not raised nor was the British prohibition on Jewish refugees seeking refuge in the British Mandate of Palestine lifted . The United States delegation was led by Dr. Harold W. Dodds . The British delegation was led by Richard Law , a junior minister at the Foreign Office .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "89be370b4f8f9f9ce19ff0b27fae9291", "text": "Japanese Paraguayans Japanese Paraguayans ( Japonés Paraguayo , 日系パラグアイ人 Nikkei Paraguaijin ) are Paraguayans of Japanese ethnicity .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ce6b6cc53961e2bb7ea08b49591b03f2", "text": "Line Islands The Line Islands , Teraina Islands or Equatorial Islands , is a chain of atolls ( with partially or fully enclosed lagoons ) and coral islands ( with a surrounding reef ) . Kingman Reef is a largely submerged and Filippo Reef is shown on some maps , although its existence is doubted . The islands were formed by volcanic activity and are located in the central Pacific Ocean , south of the Hawaiian Islands . The 11 islands stretch for 2,350 km in a northwest -- southeast direction , making it one of the longest island chains of the world . Eight of the islands form part of Kiribati , while the remaining three are United States territories grouped with the United States Minor Outlying Islands . Only Kiritimati and Tabuaeran atolls and Teraina Island have a permanent population . The International Date Line passes through the Line Islands . The Southern Line Islands , that are part of Kiribati , are in the world 's farthest forward time zone , UTC +14:00 . The time of day is the same as in the U.S. state of Hawaii , but the date is one day ahead . The time is 1 day and 2 hours ahead of some other islands in Oceania like Baker Island , which uses UTC − 12:00 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b0345febb14bd90e0ce399a944a5688e", "text": "List of ecoregions in Japan Japan is home to a nine forest ecoregions , which reflect its climate and geography . The islands that constitute Japan generally have a humid climate , which ranges from warm subtropical in the southern islands to cool temperate on the northern island of Hokkaidō . Japan lies at the convergence of three terrestrial ecozones , the Palearctic , Indomalaya , and Oceania , and its flora and fauna combine elements from all three . The ecoregions that cover the main islands of Japan , Honshū , Hokkaidō , Kyūshū , and Shikoku , along with the nearby islands , are considered part of the Palearctic ecozone . The island arcs of southern Japan , the Ryukyu Islands to the southwest and the Ogasawara Islands to the southeast , are home to subtropical moist broadleaf forest ecoregions ; the Nansei Islands subtropical evergreen forests ecoregion is part of the Indomalaya ecozone , while the Ogasawara subtropical moist forests of the Ogasawaras is part of the Oceania ecozone .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0e005c9e4edee51c76750ecb31e9aedb", "text": "Marion–Bermuda Cruising Yacht Race The Marion to Bermuda Cruising Yacht Race is a biennial yacht race held in odd-numbered years , from Marion , Massachusetts to the island of Bermuda , a distance of 645 nmi . The concept for the race began in 1975 , by Mr. W. David Kingery . He was a member of the Beverly Yacht Club , ( Marion , MA ) , on the Board of Governors of the Blue Water Sailing Club , and interested in doing a single-handed race from England to Newport , Rhode Island . The original concept was an organized race to Bermuda for cruising yachts and family sailors . Mr. Kingery collaborated also with the Royal Hamilton Amateur Dinghy Club , which joined the Beverly Yacht Club and the Blue Water Sailing Club , as the sponsoring clubs of the race event . The first Marion -- Bermuda Cruising Yacht Race took place in 1977 . Originally , race participants were only allowed to use celestial navigation ; -LSB- electronic navigation -RSB- was added in 1997 . The average size of a cruising boat in 1977 was 38 ft. In the 2007 race , the average boat was 47 ft with a number of boats over 70 ft. The Marion to Bermuda Cruising Yacht Race now has in place a `` Race Mentor Program '' for skippers who have never done the Marion Bermuda Race before . Additionally , participants prepare for the race by attending the Safety at Sea Seminar , generally held in March , a few months prior to the start of race . .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e5e2e7bcbde40774ec4f51ea60d666e0", "text": "Archipelagic state An archipelagic state is any internationally recognized state or country that comprises a series of islands that form an archipelago . The term is defined by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea in order to define what borders such states should be allowed to claim . In various conferences , Fiji , Indonesia , Papua New Guinea , the Bahamas , and the Philippines are the five sovereign states that obtained approval in the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea signed in Montego Bay , Jamaica on December 10 , 1982 and qualified as archipelagic states . Archipelagic states are states that are composed of groups of islands forming a state as a single unit , with the islands and the waters within the baselines as internal waters . Under this concept ( `` archipelagic doctrine '' ) , an archipelago shall be regarded as a single unit , so that the waters around , between , and connecting the islands of the archipelago , irrespective of their breadth and dimensions , form part of the internal waters of the state , and are subject to its exclusive sovereignty . The approval of the United Nations for the five sovereign states as archipelagic states respect existing agreements with other countries and shall recognize traditional fishing rights and other legitimate activities of the immediately adjacent neighboring countries in certain areas falling within archipelagic waters . The terms and conditions for the exercise of such rights and activities , including the nature , the extent and the areas to which they apply , shall , at the request of any of the countries concerned , be regulated by bilateral agreements between them . Such rights shall not be transferred to or shared with third countries or their nationals .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3e730cf394f23deaae03403abb676557", "text": "List of birds of Bermuda This is a list of the bird species recorded in Bermuda . The avifauna of Bermuda include a total of 375 species , a remarkable number considering that the island is a mere 53.3 square kilometres . Ten of these have been introduced by humans ; the mallard also occurs naturally as a non-breeding migrant . 207 are rare or accidental . Two species listed are extirpated in Bermuda ; Audubon 's shearwater formerly bred but is now only a vagrant while there are a few old records of Eskimo curlew occurring on migration but none since 1930 . Seven species are globally threatened . This list 's taxonomic treatment ( designation and sequence of orders , families and species ) and nomenclature ( common and scientific names ) follow the conventions of the American Ornithologists ' Union checklist ( 7th edition and supplements ) . The species counts found in each family account reflect this taxonomy . Introduced and accidental species are included in the total counts for Bermuda . Species marked accidental are those listed as `` rare '' or `` very rare '' in Dobson ( 2002 ) . The following tags have been used to highlight several categories , but not all species fall into one of these categories . Those that do not are commonly occurring native species . ( A ) Accidental - a species that rarely or accidentally occurs in Bermuda ( I ) Introduced - a species introduced to Bermuda as a consequence , direct or indirect , of human actions ( Ex ) Extirpated - a species that no longer occurs in Bermuda although populations exist elsewhere ( E ) Extinct - a species that is extinct globally", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ccb30db3db7334354d16ec344ae21a64", "text": "New Caledonian barrier reef The New Caledonian barrier reef is located in New Caledonia in the South Pacific , and is the second-longest double-barrier coral reef in the world , after the Belize Barrier Reef . The New Caledonian barrier reef surrounds Grande Terre , New Caledonia 's largest island , as well as the Ile des Pins and several smaller islands , reaching a length of 1500 km . The reef encloses a lagoon of 24000 km2 , which has an average depth of 25 m . The reefs lie up to 30 km from the shore , but extend almost 200 km to the Entrecasteaux reefs in the northwest . This northwestern extension encloses the Belep Islands and other sand cays . Several natural passages open out to the ocean . The Boulari passage , which leads to Noumea , the capital and chief port of New Caledonia , is marked by the Amédée lighthouse .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f5ba64eb82ac252941d2d30a947ba61f", "text": "Tokyo Bay is a bay located in the southern Kantō region of Japan , and spans the coasts of Tokyo , Kanagawa Prefecture , and Chiba Prefecture . Tokyo Bay is connected to the Pacific Ocean by the Uraga Channel . Its old name was . The Tokyo Bay region is both the most populous and largest industrialized area in Japan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ce388179788a1345e1bcf02fb3c9841", "text": "Japanese people are a nation and ethnic group native to Japan . Japanese people make up 98.5 % of the total population of their country . Worldwide , approximately 129 million people are of Japanese descent ; of these , approximately 125 million are residents of Japan . People of Japanese ancestry who live outside Japan are referred to as the , the Japanese disapora . The term ethnic Japanese may also be used in some contexts to refer to particular ethnic groups , including the Yamato ( the dominant ethnic group , comprising over 120 million ) , Ainu , and Ryukyuan people .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d63fe83bf24fbe0e66d909c46b83909c", "text": "Northern North Sea basin The North Sea is part of the Atlantic Ocean in northern Europe . It is located between Norway and Denmark in the east , Scotland and England in the west , Germany , the Netherlands , Belgium and France in the south . The geology of the North Sea describes the geological features such as channels , trenches , and ridges today and the geological history , plate tectonics , geological events that created them . A geological basin is a large low-lying area or depression . It is often below sea level . Depressions are typically formed by tectonic processes acting on the lithosphere , providing `` accommodation space '' for sediment to be preserved . Basins are formed in a variety of tectonic settings : extensional , compressional , strike-slip and intraplate . Geological basins are one of the most common places which collect sediment . The type of rocks which form there tell about the palaeoclimate of the continent . The geology is of interest to oil prospectors , hydrologists and palaeontologists . Exploration in the North Sea was initiated in May 1964 when the first well was spudded and the area has now become one of the most prolific hydrocarbon provinces in the world . Total recoverable reserves found to date , including adjacent land areas , amount to over 100 billion barrels of oil and natural gas . Geologically speaking , the North Sea is divided into four main basins : Northern , Moray Firth , Central , and Southern . Each has a long and complex geologic history with unique structural and stratigraphic developments driven by tectonic events over the last 400 Million years . The northern North Sea Paleorift system , including the Viking and Sogn graben , is an approximately 150-200 km wide zone of extended upper crust with preserved strata from pre-Triassic to Tertiary . It is bounded by the Shetland Platform to the west and the Norwegian mainland to the east .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ae166505ec764d635c410069901bf248", "text": "Ethiopia–Japan relations Ethiopia -- Japan relations are the international relations between Ethiopia and Japan . Both were nations with an ancient history which successfully repulsed European military advances to dominate them , Ethiopia at the Battle of Adwa , and Japan at the Battle of Tsushima , and as a result both nations considered each other potential allies prior to World War II .", "title": "" } ]	fever
64ac259138e4a28f4a8125e383113e96	The 2000 Football League Cup Final was the third final appearance in four years for Leicester City.	[ { "docid": "143e0500a3b9259a0d87efc3e566177a", "text": "2000 Football League Cup Final The 2000 Football League Cup Final was played between Leicester City , in their third final appearance in four years , and First Division side Tranmere Rovers at the Wembley Stadium on 27 February 2000 . Leicester became the last team to win the League Cup at the original Wembley Stadium .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "d5f44b0a688bfda78b6f17df79fa6b7e", "text": "1999–2000 Millwall F.C. season During the 1999 -- 2000 English football season , Millwall F.C. competed in the Football League Second Division , the third tier of English football .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2e68b7bbb55c88f77757401ae2e3fbf6", "text": "Bridgend Street A.F.C. Bridgend Street are a Welsh football club based in Cardiff . The club currently play in the Welsh Football League Division Three , which is the fourth tier of the Welsh football league system in South Wales . The club emulate from the tough Splott district of the capital and have been established since way back in 1899 . Bridgend Street were arguably one of the most successful teams in Cardiff , winning multiple honors domestically and also regionally virtue of the highly coveted South Wales Amateur Cup under the astute management of club stalwarts Laurence `` Lollar '' Marshall and Edward Crawley throughout the 1970 and 1980 decades . With the newly formed South Wales Senior League formed , the club then won their place in that league in 1993 and went on to be record five-time winners of the title until their promotion to The Welsh Football League . The Senior League 's CW Bruty Cup was won in 1997 after defeating Pentwyn Dynamos 2-1 in the final under the managership of Joe Feehan and a few seasons later , the first of the club 's five Senior League title was won under the guidance of their ex-player Garry Fowler in 1999/2000 season whilst former players , Kingsley Lloyd , and Geraint Brooks led the club to two more South Wales Senior League titles in 2005 and 2006 . This resulted in the duo receiving the South Wales FA Manager of The Year award . In 2007-2008 Kingsley Lloyd led the club to its then highest possible cup accolade . Despite a modest mid table finish in the South Wales FA Senior League Premier Division the team defied all odds and lifted the prestigious South Wales Senior Cup , beating South Wales Amateur League champions and Welsh League bound Chorus ( Port Talbot ) in a tense final by a 2-1 score line . In addition the team appeared in two consecutive CW Bruty Cup Finals in 2006 and 2007 ironically losing both in a penalty shootout after the games were tied . Promotion to the Welsh League came in 2010 under the guidance of the much travelled Gary Proctor after another two back-to-back Senior League titles . The club 's first team are currently ( 2016/17 ) managed by Craig Dale while the Welsh League reserve team are managed by Paul Morgan and Joseph Rees . Bridgend Street also have a team in the Welsh League Youth Division and are managed by long serving former Street player Keith Joseph , plus teams in the Cardiff & District Mini League who are coached by Kyle Debono , Paul Edwards , Dean Harford and Simon Fish . The Bridgend Street home base is The New Fleurs Sports & Social Club ( CF24 5YE ) which is located in Portmanmoor Road , only yards away from the land where the now demolished Bridgend Street once stood . The club 's stadium is independently situated within the grounds of Willows High School , which is located on the border of Splott and Tremorfa and stands in the shadow of the sprawling Celsa steel plant . The 2016-17 season has been disappointing on the league front however Street have had a tremendous Welsh League Cup run , eliminating along the way Taffs Well ( the holders of the cup for the past two seasons ) and beating another division one outfit Haverfordwest County in a momentous semi final that will never be forgotten . Despite being reduced to 9 men and trailing 3-1 in injury time Street somehow summoned up the strength to score twice and take the game into extra time . Yet again it seemed as though Street were on their way out of the cup trailing 5-4 in the last minute of extra time but miraculously equalised again and eventually won 4-2 on penalties against their more illustrious opponents . Bridgend Street eventually lost 3-1 to a fine Llanelli Town outfit in The Nathaniel Welsh League Cup Final at Old Road , Briton Ferry Llansawel , bizarrely the semi final will live longer in peoples memories than the actual final itself . A fine achievement by manager Craig Dale , coaches Lee Moore & Matt Boyd-Anderson and the entire squad", "title": "" }, { "docid": "12ddaf46834e32f52b90817c6455bee9", "text": "2000–01 Dumbarton F.C. season Season 2000 -- 01 was the 124th football season in which Dumbarton competed at a Scottish national level , entering the Scottish Football League for the 94th time , the Scottish Cup for the 106th time , the Scottish League Cup for the 54th time and the Scottish Challenge Cup for the 10th time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e41fcbf6500889902e23f8d4dc59534f", "text": "1976–77 Football League Cup The 1976 -- 77 Football League Cup was the seventeenth season of the Football League Cup , a knockout competition for England 's top 92 football clubs . The competition started on 14 August 1976 and ended with the final going to a second replay on 13 April 1977 . The final was contested by First Division teams Aston Villa and Everton at Wembley Stadium in London , followed by replays at Hillsborough and finally being decided at Old Trafford .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f2a3a956690ece46588b2027aecb8f82", "text": "1999–2000 Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. season The 1999 -- 2000 season was the 101st season of competitive league football in the history of English football club Wolverhampton Wanderers . They played the season in the second tier of the English football system , the Football League First Division . For a second consecutive season the team finished in seventh position , missing out on the play-offs by one place . Defeat in their penultimate match to play-off rivals Bolton Wanderers ultimately doomed them to miss out .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8863542068dafe69c8195cdd743c46d3", "text": "1999–2000 Dundee United F.C. season The 1999 -- 2000 season was the 91st year of football played by Dundee United , and covers the period from 1 July 1999 to 30 June 2000 . United finished in eighth place , an improvement on last year 's ninth-place finish , despite accumulating fewer points in this campaign . United were knocked out of both domestic cup competitions by Aberdeen -- in the League Cup semi-finals and the Scottish Cup quarter-finals , both by a score of 1 -- 0 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9397b755c1f52929dae0d1ef56b65ea7", "text": "2001–02 Birmingham City F.C. season The 2001 -- 02 season was Birmingham City Football Club 's 99th in the Football League . They finished in 5th position in the 24-team Football League First Division , thus qualifying for the play-offs , and were successful in the final , beating Norwich City in a penalty shootout to gain promotion to the Premier League . Birmingham entered the 2001 -- 02 FA Cup at the third round and lost to Liverpool in that round , and after entering the League Cup in the first round , lost to Manchester City in the third . Trevor Francis was dismissed as manager in October with Birmingham mid-table in the First Division . Mick Mills and Jim Barron acted as caretakers until December , when former Crystal Palace manager Steve Bruce was appointed . French manufacturers Le Coq Sportif supplied Birmingham 's kit for the fourth consecutive season , and mobile phone retailer Phones4U were the new shirt sponsors . Tommy Mooney was top scorer with 15 goals , of which 13 were scored in the league .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1d3efac6bc79d669df8c2d5aadfd0e94", "text": "1980–81 Leicester City F.C. season During the 1980 -- 81 English football season , Leicester City F.C. competed in the Football League First Division .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "55aea0f721f6f8e0685e51a39e8fc3a4", "text": "List of non-League clubs in the Fifth Round of the FA Cup since 1945 Since the end of the Second World War in 1945 , nine non-League football clubs -- that is , clubs outside the divisions of The Football League and , since 1992 , the Premier League -- have reached the Fifth Round of the FA Cup , to become one of the last 16 clubs in the competition . To date , only Lincoln City has subsequently reached the Sixth Round , or `` quarter finals '' . The last non-League team to reach the quarter finals ( then the Fourth Round ) was Queens Park Rangers in 1914 , when the Football League had just two divisions . The most recent example of a non-league team beating top-flight opposition in the FA Cup was Lincoln City 's Fifth Round victory away at Burnley in 2017 . The last time a non-league side beat top-flight opposition at home in the FA Cup was Sutton United 's Third Round victory over Coventry City in 1989 . In 2017 , two non-League teams made it to the Fifth Round of the competition , Lincoln City and Sutton United . This was the first time two non-League teams has appeared made it this far in the same season since the establishment of the Football League in 1888 . Lincoln City subsequently became the first non-League team in 103 years and the first since World War II to make the quarter finals , but lost 5-0 to Arsenal .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "33ff03c3b815c6098ffc560cdff538a1", "text": "2007–08 Football League Championship The 2007 -- 08 Football League Championship ( known as the Coca-Cola Championship for sponsorship reasons ) was the sixteenth season under its current league division format and its fourth with its current sponsorship . The leagues started in August 2007 and concluded in May 2008 , with the promotion play-off finals . The Football League is contested through three Divisions . The top divisions of these is the League Championship . The winner and the runner up of the League Championship will be automatically promoted to the Premiership and they will be joined by the winner of the League Championship play-off . The bottom three teams in the Championship will be relegated to the second division , League One . West Bromwich Albion finished top of the league with 81 points , closely followed by Stoke City who had 79 points . Hull City were promoted through the play-offs . Colchester and Scunthorpe United were both relegated several weeks before the end of the season . However , in a very tight league , with a gap of only 29 points between top and 22nd place , the final team to be relegated , Leicester City , went down on the final day while six other teams were within three points of them , despite the fact that only Crystal Palace had conceded less goals .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "732727cfaa9042eb8e51b47dde3146f5", "text": "2004 Football League play-offs The Football League play-offs for the 2003 -- 04 season were held in May 2004 , with the finals taking place at Millennium Stadium in Cardiff . The play-off semi-finals will be played over two legs and will be contested by the teams who finish in 3rd , 4th , 5th and 6th place in the Football League First Division and Football League Second Division and the 4th , 5th , 6th and 7th placed teams in the Football League Third Division table . The winners of the semi-finals will go through to the finals , with the winner of the matches gaining promotion for the following season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "949b6a002f5995c19782e4663fe99368", "text": "2000–01 Norwich City F.C. season During the 2000 -- 01 English football season , Norwich City F.C. competed in the Football League First Division .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "38fd26393bc6f9fbd49907c87681eb45", "text": "2007–08 Leicester City F.C. season The 2007 -- 08 season was Leicester City 's 103rd season in the English football league system and their 57th in the second tier of English football .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3e2edf5bbfe75d82fce40dce813b059c", "text": "2011–12 Football League Cup The 2011 -- 12 Football League Cup , known as the Carling Cup due to the competition 's sponsorship by lager brand Carling , was the 52nd season of the Football League Cup , a knock-out competition for England 's top 92 football clubs . Birmingham City were the defending champions , having beaten Arsenal 2 -- 1 in last season 's Final , but were knocked out 2 -- 0 by Manchester City in the Third Round . Liverpool , the winner of the competition , qualified for the third qualifying round of the 2012 -- 13 UEFA Europa League . The final was held on 26 February 2012 , and was contested at Wembley Stadium between finalists Liverpool and Cardiff City . Cardiff were the first team outside the Premier League to appear in a League Cup final since 2001 . It was Liverpool 's first appearance at the new Wembley . Liverpool won the final 3 -- 2 on penalties , claiming a record eighth League Cup , after the score was 2 -- 2 after extra time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ac252bd522f109f8f25dd74ca338193", "text": "Johnny Newman (footballer) John Henry George Newman ( born 13 December 1933 ) is an English former football player and manager . Born in Hereford , Herefordshire , Newman played as a central defender , beginning his career with Birmingham City in 1951 where he won the Second Division and was on the losing side in the 1956 FA Cup Final . He moved on to Leicester City and then to Plymouth Argyle , for whom he made over 300 appearances between 1960 and 1967 . In 1966 he played for the Football League representative team which beat the Irish Football League 12 -- 0 at Home Park ; the Football League team contained seven of the 1966 World Cup-winning team . He then moved on to Devon rivals Exeter City , where he was made player-manager in 1969 , continuing in the manager 's role after he retired from playing in 1972 . He moved on to Grimsby Town , gaining promotion to the Third Division , and had a largely unsuccessful eleven months in charge at Derby County , before returning to his home town to manage Hereford United .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7584d49fa3080f3d5ca6512bd85faf71", "text": "1998–99 Football League Cup The 1998 -- 99 Football League Cup ( known as the Worthington Cup for sponsorship reasons ) was the 39th staging of the Football League Cup , a knockout competition for England 's top 92 football clubs . The competition name reflects a sponsorship deal with lager brand Worthington . The competition began on 11 August 1998 , and ended with the final on 21 March 1999 , held at Wembley Stadium . The tournament was won by Tottenham Hotspur , who beat Leicester City 1 -- 0 in the final , thanks to an Allan Nielsen goal in the last minute of normal time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d2857f7dbd50b1bfc3ab90ca004f98f", "text": "Larry Baxter Lawrence Raymond `` Larry '' Baxter ( 24 November 1931 -- 24 November 2016 ) was an English professional footballer . Larry Baxter , a right winger , joined Northampton Town in March 1952 and scored twice in 17 league games in the following two and a half years . In November 1954 he moved to Norwich City , playing only 5 league games before a move to Gillingham in October 1955 . At Gillingham he finally found regular first team football , playing in 61 league games ( 7 goals ) in the following 2 seasons . Out of the Gillingham side at the start of the 1957-58 campaign , he moved to Torquay United in September 1957 . He played in 164 league games for Torquay , scoring 22 goals . He left Torquay in July 1962 , joining Cheltenham Town , helping the Gloucestershire side to promotion to the Southern League Premier Division . In March 1964 , after scoring 19 times in 77 games for Cheltenham , Larry moved to Deal Town as player-manager . He left Deal to join Margate in December 1965 after a financial crisis at Deal had resulted in the entire squad , including himself , being transfer listed . He was not a regular at Margate , making only 7 appearances before being released at the end of the 1965-66 season . He subsequently played for Loughborough Athletic , Bourne Town , Newfoundpool WMC , Linwood Lane ( as player-manager ) , Enderby Forest , GEC Leicester , Groby ( as player-manager ) , Blaby BC and St Andrews SC where he ended his career . In May 2000 , the Torquay-based Herald Express reported that Larry was employed as a club singer in Leicester . Larry died at home , after a long illness , on November 24 , 2016 on his 85th birthday .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4254f9a931a4006e455951e9f87551fc", "text": "1950–51 FA Cup The 1950 -- 51 FA Cup was the 70th season of the world 's oldest football cup competition , the Football Association Challenge Cup , commonly known as the FA Cup . Newcastle United won the competition for the fourth time , beating Blackpool 2 -- 0 in the final at Wembley , London . Matches were scheduled to be played at the stadium of the team named first on the date specified for each round , which was always a Saturday . If scores were level after 90 minutes had been played , a replay would take place at the stadium of the second-named team later the same week . If the replayed match was drawn further replays would be held at neutral venues until a winner was determined . If scores were level after 90 minutes had been played in a replay , a 30-minute period of extra time would be played .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c5495afaf62e3818787e8e99a5eb7127", "text": "2000 King's Cup The 31st King 's Cup finals were held from 20 to 27 February 2000 at the Rajamangala Stadium in Bangkok , Thailand . The King 's Cup is an annual football tournament ; the first tournament was played in 1968 . Hosts Thailand won the tournament beating Finland 5 -- 1 in the final .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c3a614d605c2c2120fa4a1e4fc27e308", "text": "2000–01 FAW Premier Cup The 2000 -- 01 FAW Premier Cup was the fourth season of the tournament since its founding in 1997 . It was won by Wrexham , their third win in four seasons .", "title": "" } ]	fever
909d36e81998c3b6ea28352edf1adf24	The World According to Paris starred Hilton's then-boyfriend as himself.	[ { "docid": "54121e75bf5341183f0ecfd0c4631a7e", "text": "The World According to Paris The World According to Paris is an American reality television series on Oxygen that premiered on June 1 , 2011 . It was announced on August 13 , 2011 , that Oxygen did not renew the series for a second season . The series ' eight-week run averaged only 293,000 viewers and a 0.2 rating among adults 18-49 , making it Oxygen 's least-watched series of 2011 . The World According to Paris follows the daily life of Paris Hilton . It was filmed from November 2010 , with Hilton 's court-ordered community service stemming from her arrest in Las Vegas , Nevada for cocaine possession , to February 2011 , with her birthday party , the series co-starred Brooke Mueller , Lexi Dreyfus , Jennifer Rovero , Allison Melnick , Brooke Brinson ( daughter of Kim Richards ) , Hilton 's then-boyfriend Cy Waits , and Kathy Hilton .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "a7be567fbf45307f4ed0763d288962d4", "text": "Alain Payet Alain Payet ( 17 January 1947 -- 13 December 2007 in Paris as a result of cancer ) , also known under the pseudonyms John Pardaillan , John and Frederick Brasil Amor , James Gardner , James Gartner and Alain Garnier , was a film director of French pornographic movies and erotica .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d4098de83df3c6dc3e641128a4dc91cc", "text": "Bruce Kimmel Bruce Kimmel ( born December 8 , 1947 ) , also known as Guy Haines , is an actor , writer , director , composer , and Grammy-nominated CD producer . Kimmel lives in Los Angeles . He is long divorced , and has one daughter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1af7f4abce8387712b3fce57dae401f7", "text": "Qui veut gagner des millions ? Qui veut gagner des millions ? ( Who Wants to Win Millions ? ) is the French version of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire ? , which originated in Great Britain on the ITV network . The aim of the game is to win the top prize of $ 1,000,000 ( previously 3 & 4,000,000 before France adopted the euro ) by answering 12 ( formerly 15 ) multiple-choice questions correctly . It is broadcast on the TF1 network , and is hosted by Jean-Pierre Foucault . For more info about the show and rules , etc. , see Who Wants to Be a Millionaire ? The money tree differs in amounts , but the format is virtually identical . Just like Kaun Banega Crorepati , the Indian version , the `` Switch the Question '' lifeline is available once a contestant has answered the 5th question correctly , instead of the 10th . As of April 2009 , the money tree eliminated the first three questions , reducing the number of possible questions faced to 12 , similar to the new UK format in play from September 2007 to February 2014 . For list of international variants of the show , see the List of national variants in Who Wants to Be a Millionaire ? . The show served as a plot device in the French film My Best Friend .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c61a7b80fd934df1ca4fdd72a69c6305", "text": "Odile Rodin Odile Rodin ( born Odile Marie-Josèphe Léonie Bérard ; February 21 , 1937 in Lyon ) , was a French actress and covergirl before she became the fifth and last wife of Porfirio Rubirosa . She adopted the artistic name of Odile Rodin due to the beauty of her body , alluding to the French sculptor Auguste Rodin . Rodin came from a family where her father and grandfather were physicians . She came to Paris to study at the Conservatoire National d'Art Dramatique . Her career as an actress was promising but brief , she acted in two movies : Futures vedettes by Marc Allégret in 1955 and Si Paris nous était conté by Sacha Guitry in 1956 . In 1956 she took the theater role of Marinette in Marcel Pagnol 's play Fabien in Paris . After her cover on Paris Match in 1955 she met Rubirosa , and their marriage on October 27 , 1956 put an end to her acting career . Rodin accompanied Rubirosa during his social and diplomatic activities , was in Havana during the Cuban revolution , and mixed with the Kennedys . Kroth lists her as one of many mistresses of John F. Kennedy . After the death of her husband in 1965 she disappeared from the social chronicles and went to live in Rio de Janeiro , Brazil , where she married the businessman Paulo Marinho , whom she divorced a few years later . She had an affair with the 16-year-old Alexander Onassis . Eventually she remarried and moved to New England , fading from public view . As of 2006 she was reported to be living with her third husband , an American , in New Hampshire .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "83791e951c29281dc463a94e90a6ba16", "text": "Didier Haudepin Didier Haudepin ( born 15 August 1951 ) is a French actor , film producer , director and screenwriter . He has appeared in 44 films and television shows , and plays since 1960 . His film Those Were the Days was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1995 Cannes Film Festival . He is most well known for his lead role in Les amitiés particulières , the film adaptation of the eponymous novel by Roger Peyrefitte , as Alexandre Motier .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab00f22be91df15ca441300f69bc5e46", "text": "Hugo Pool Hugo Pool ( also known as Pool Girl in the UK ) is a 1997 American romantic comedy film , directed by Robert Downey Sr. , starring Alyssa Milano and Patrick Dempsey .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e7ee9a711bfcbaeeb73ac91688eea0f6", "text": "Back to Then Back to Then is the debut studio album by American singer Darius Rucker , lead singer of Hootie & The Blowfish . The album was a departure for him as this project was a R&B album , as compared to his group 's pop rock efforts and his later country solo albums . In 2001 he recorded his first solo album , The Return of Mongo Slade , for Atlantic Records . Due to contractual changes , however , it was never released . Rucker then signed with Hidden Beach Recordings and released Back to Then in July 2002 . The song `` This Is My World '' was used in the soundtrack for the film , Shallow Hal .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7ba717091b53ee54d14ab7fbaada82ab", "text": "Gilbert Bécaud Gilbert Bécaud ( -LSB- ʒil.bɛːʁ be.ko -RSB- , 24 October 1927 -- 18 December 2001 ) was a French singer , composer , pianist and actor , known as `` Monsieur 100,000 Volts '' for his energetic performances . His best-known hits are `` Nathalie '' and `` Et maintenant '' , a 1961 release that became an English language hit as `` What Now My Love '' . He remained a popular artist for nearly fifty years , identifiable in his dark blue suits , with a white shirt and `` lucky tie '' ; blue with white polka dots . When asked to explain his gift he said , `` A flower does n't understand botany . '' His favourite venue was the Paris Olympia under the management of Bruno Coquatrix . He debuted there in 1954 and headlined in 1955 , attracting 6,000 on his first night , three times the capacity . On November 13 , 1997 , Bécaud was present for the re-opening of the venue after its reconstruction .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "61955025554f4b22eb4cc8afcfec7b97", "text": "Swimming to Cambodia Swimming to Cambodia , also known as Spalding Gray 's Swimming to Cambodia , is a 1987 American film written by and starring Spalding Gray , and directed by Jonathan Demme . The performance film is of Gray 's play and monologue , which centered on such themes as his trip to Southeast Asia to create the role of the U.S. Ambassador 's aide in the film The Killing Fields , the Cold War , Cambodia Year Zero , and his search for his `` perfect moment '' . The film grossed slightly over $ US1 million . Gray published his monologue in book form in 1985 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "209656367351fb098b0db8dc451cf9ba", "text": "Charlie O'Connell Charles `` Charlie '' O'Connell ( born April 21 , 1975 ) is an American actor and reality television personality . He is known for his appearance on The Bachelor , as well as appearing in several of his older brother , Jerry O'Connell 's projects , including a starring role as Colin Mallory in Season 4 of the science fiction television series Sliders .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "06467c3112fb3c8711330ee799170cce", "text": "Rupert Everett Rupert James Hector Everett ( -LSB- ˈɛvərɪt -RSB- born 29 May 1959 ) is an English actor and writer . He first came to public attention in 1981 , when he was cast in Julian Mitchell 's play and subsequent film Another Country ( 1984 ) as an openly gay pupil at an English public school in the 1930s ; the role earned him his first BAFTA Award nomination . He went on to receive a second BAFTA Award nomination and his first Golden Globe Award nomination for his role in My Best Friend 's Wedding ( 1997 ) , followed by a second Golden Globe nomination for An Ideal Husband ( 1999 ) . Everett has performed in many other prominent films , including The Madness of King George ( 1994 ) , Shakespeare in Love ( 1998 ) , Inspector Gadget ( 1999 ) , A Midsummer Night 's Dream ( 1999 ) , The Next Best Thing ( 2000 ) , The Chronicles of Narnia : The Lion , the Witch and the Wardrobe ( 2005 ) , Stardust ( 2007 ) and the Shrek sequels . He co-starred with Eva Green in Tim Burton 's film Miss Peregrine 's Home for Peculiar Children ( 2016 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b4079b6dae93e233304e70293976521c", "text": "Paris Hilton's My New BFF (season 1) The first season of Paris Hilton 's My New BFF , also known simply as My New BFF and Paris Hilton 's American Best Friend Forever internationally , premiered in the United States on September 30 , 2008 and is the first incarnation of the My New BFF franchise . 16 women and 2 men competed in challenges in an attempt to become her new best friend . Though Hilton was forbidden from revealing the winner before the show had fully aired , she had on two separate occasions accidentally referred to the winner as a `` she , '' first on the September 25 , 2008 airing of the Late Show with David Letterman , and again on the October 7 , 2008 airing of The Ellen DeGeneres Show , thus inadvertently narrowing down the contestants . On December 2 , 2008 , it was revealed in the finale that Brittany Flickinger became Paris ' BFF .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93ff0b65cc9f4c174113a520cf22f7a4", "text": "Bowling in Paris Bowling in Paris is an album by singer/songwriter Stephen Bishop , released by Atlantic Records in 1989 . It is his first studio album released in America since 1980 's Red Cab to Manhattan '' . Notable contributors include Eric Clapton , Phil Collins and Sting .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5755a2eb04fbc68e72fa7b56be6819eb", "text": "This Was Paris This Was Paris is a 1942 British Second World War spy film directed by John Harlow and starring Ann Dvorak , Ben Lyon and Griffith Jones .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "169f1ca77ebdeda1897cd035855b4f20", "text": "Roman Polanski sexual abuse case In March 1977 , film director Roman Polanski was arrested and charged in Los Angeles with five offenses against Samantha Gailey , a 13-year-old girl -- rape by use of drugs , perversion , sodomy , lewd and lascivious act upon a child under 14 , and furnishing a controlled substance to a minor . At his arraignment Polanski pleaded not guilty to all charges , but later accepted a plea bargain whose terms included dismissal of the five initial charges in exchange for a guilty plea to the lesser charge of engaging in unlawful sexual intercourse . Polanski underwent a court-ordered psychiatric evaluation , and a report was submitted to the court recommending probation . However , upon learning that he was likely to face imprisonment and deportation , Polanski fled to France in February 1978 , hours before he was to be formally sentenced . Since then Polanski has mostly lived in France and has avoided visiting countries likely to extradite him to the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b27929c4b7bac6ceb484494a970b986f", "text": "Scott Bryce Scott Macalister Bryce ( born January 6 , 1958 ) , sometimes credited as Scott M. Bryce , is an American film and television actor . Bryce is perhaps best known for his portrayal of Craig Montgomery on As the World Turns .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "208267ee4dcaaed76e204b0db49c2799", "text": "Robert Page (Lifetime Group) Robert Page MA is best known for having created The Lovers ' Guide in 1991 , when the British Board of Film Classification allowed him to make an explicit adult sex education title for release on video . It immediately went to Number One in the UK video charts and went into 13 languages and 22 territories . He has since supervised The Lovers ' Guide '' 's growth into a library of ten videos and DVDs ( distributed by such blue-chip companies as Universal , ITV Video , VCI , and Warners and shown on pay-per-view on Sky Box Office ) ; three books ( Pan Macmillan , Bloomsbury and Carlton Publishing ) ; two CD ROMs ( Waddington 's , YTV/Thomson Int ` l ) ; 85 issues of a part-work/magazine ( Marshall Cavendish ) ; games including Fun-in-Bed ( Double-G ) ; card packs -- The Lovers ' Guide Lovemaking Deck ( Connections Publishing ) ; a major website at www.loversguide.com ; and various mobile applications including Text Tips 4 Lovers , a daily sex tip service for Channel 4 . The Lovers ' Guide has also featured in two dedicated documentaries : The Making of the Lovers ' Guide on Channel 5 and Daring Himself on Sky One and there are iTV games and quizzes produced by PlayJam and Two Way TV . The Lovers ' Guide reached number 63 in Channel 4 's 100 Sexiest Movie Moments and earned Robert Page a place on the 100 strong Happy List in the Independent on Sunday -LSB- 27.04.08 -RSB- . As founder -LSB- 1985 -RSB- , Chairman and Chief Executive of the Lifetime Group , Page helped create with the Virgin Group the non-fiction sell-through video business , producing many how-to videos with such names as Alan Titchmarsh , Eric Idle , Susannah York , Johnny Morris , and Dr Desmond Morris . Some of the successes included : The Y Plan exercise series and The Scott and Charlene Love Story ( compiled from Neighbours ) . He has also produced many TV series including the drama series Runaway Bay ( 27 eps ITV & FR2 ) , documentaries including three series of Floyd on ... ( for BBC ) , with Keith Floyd , Floyd on Spain , Floyd on Italy and Far Flung Floyd ; two series of Go Wild ! ( for ITV ) , two series of Dating the Enemy ( for ITV ) , Dr Desmond Morris ' The Animal Contract ( 3 × 1hr -- winner Hollywood Genesis Award ) and Dead Men 's Tales ( ITV ) . He produced the John Cleland classic , Fanny Hill , as a TV movie and is currently producing Anna as a feature film with L.A.-based Fairweather Entertainment . Robert began his career as a University Lecturer in Drama and Theatre Arts in Australia in 1974 and founded its first national magazine of the performing arts Theatre Australia which ran to 80 issues over 7 years and went to many countries around the world . From there he produced many arts documentaries for the Australian National Broadcasting Corporation and was given his own 90 mins per week arts series , Sunday Spectrum . His last broadcast was the Opening of the Australian National Gallery by Her Majesty the Queen '' on live television before returning to England in 1983 and founding the Lifetime Group .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "257b3f46a57d9de1fffa5a1cbe3604c1", "text": "Thierry Godard Thierry Godard ( born 8 February 1967 ) is a French actor . He appeared in more than fifty films since 2001 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1ed716f8a92e07f032c732f6f89d0013", "text": "Alex Michel Alexander Mattheus Michel ( born August 10 , 1970 in Charlottesville , Virginia ) is an American businessman , producer , and television personality , best known for being the first star of The Bachelor during its premiere season in 2002 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "afe532a953a696876cc3fd1d57b3d93d", "text": "List of celebrity appearances in video games This is a list of celebrities who have appeared as themselves in video games . Bruce Lee -- Starred in several video games , see Bruce Lee ( video game ) disambiguation page and Media about Bruce Lee Bruce Lee ( 1984 ) ; Bruce Lee Lives ( 1989 ) ; Dragon : The Bruce Lee Story ( 1993 ) ; Bruce Lee : Quest of the Dragon ( 2002 ) ; Bruce Lee : Return of the Legend ( 2003 ) ; Bruce Lee : Iron Fist 3D ( 2008 ) Drew Carey -- Cameo in The Sims : House Party ( 2001 ) . Avril Lavigne , Andy Warhol , Christina Aguilera , Cameron Diaz , Sarah McLachlan , Jon Bon Jovi and Marilyn Monroe appear in The Sims : Superstar ( 2003 ) . Gackt -- Character in Bujingai ( 2003 ) ; Genesis Rhapsodos ( aka `` G '' ) in Dirge of Cerberus : Final Fantasy VII ( 2006 ) and Crisis Core : Final Fantasy VII ( 2007 ) . Gary Coleman -- Appears as himself in Postal ² ( 2003 ) . Redman -- Appears as himself in True Crime : New York City ( 2005 ) . Snoop Dogg -- appears in True Crime : Streets of LA ( 2003 ) . Hugh Hefner , Carmen Electra and Tom Arnold appear in Playboy : The Mansion ( 2005 ) . Phil Collins -- Appears as himself in Grand Theft Auto : Vice City Stories . Katt Williams and Ricky Gervais perform in the comedy clubs of Grand Theft Auto IV ( 2008 ) . 50 Cent -- Appeared as himself in 50 Cent : Bulletproof ( 2005 ) and 50 Cent : Blood on the Sand ( 2008 ) . Michael Jackson -- Appeared as himself in `` Michael Jackson 's Moonwalker '' Kiss -- A fictionalized version of this rock band appear in Kiss : Psycho Circus : The Nightmare Child . Kiss also appear in Tony Hawk 's Underground , both in performing cameos and as secret characters ( though only Gene Simmons has his own moves ; the other members have default `` pedestrian '' moves and animations ) . Aerosmith -- Revolution X , Quest for Fame and Guitar Hero : Aerosmith . Mike Tyson -- appears as himself in Mike Tyson 's Punch-Out !! ( 1987 ) and Mike Tyson : Main Event for the iPhone created by RockLive . Jesse James -- appears as himself in Tony Hawk 's Underground 2 . Shaquille O'Neal -- stars in his own fighting game titled Shaq-Fu , released for the Super NES and Genesis . Also appears as an unlockable fighter in one UFC game . Burt Reynolds -- appears as himself in Saints Row : The Third . Keith David -- appears as himself in Saints Row IV . Michael Jordan -- appears as himself in Michael Jordan : Chaos in the Windy City The Black Eyed Peas -- appear in `` The Sims : Urbz '' .", "title": "" } ]	fever
0f12e78c669f037989f678f5dcf6cafd	Wyatt Earp served as a constable.	[ { "docid": "d444d079f0c65e8fd7bc5ec88b6f0ee8", "text": "Wyatt Earp Wyatt Berry Stapp Earp ( March 19 , 1848 -- January 13 , 1929 ) was an American Old West gambler , a deputy sheriff in Pima County , and deputy town marshal in Tombstone , Arizona Territory , who took part in the gunfight at the O.K. Corral , during which lawmen killed three outlaw cowboys . He is often regarded as the central figure in the shootout in Tombstone , although his brother Virgil was Tombstone city marshal and Deputy U.S. Marshal that day , and had far more experience as a sheriff , constable , marshal , and soldier in combat . Earp lived a restless life . He was at different times a constable , city policeman , county sheriff , Deputy U.S. Marshal , teamster , buffalo hunter , bouncer , saloon-keeper , gambler , brothel keeper , miner , and boxing referee . Earp spent his early life in Iowa . In 1870 , Earp married his first wife , Urilla Sutherland Earp , who contracted typhoid fever and died shortly before their first child was to be born . During the next two years Earp was arrested for stealing a horse , escaped from jail , sued twice , and was arrested and fined three times during the course of 1872 for `` keeping and being found in a house of ill-fame '' . His third arrest was subject of a lengthy account in the `` Daily Transcript '' which referred to him as an `` old offender '' and nicknamed him the `` Peoria Bummer '' . By 1874 he had arrived in the cattle boomtown of Wichita , Kansas where his brother had opened a brothel . On April 21 , 1875 he was appointed to the Wichita police force , and developed a solid reputation as a lawman . In April 1876 he was dismissed from his position as a lawman following an altercation with a political opponent of his boss which led to him being fined $ 30 . In 1876 , he followed his brother James to Dodge City , Kansas , where he became an assistant city marshal . In winter 1878 , he went to Texas to track down an outlaw and met John `` Doc '' Holliday , whom Earp later credited with saving his life . Earp moved constantly throughout his life from one boomtown to another . He left Dodge City in 1879 and moved to Tombstone with his brothers James and Virgil , where a silver boom was underway . There , the Earps clashed with a loose federation of outlaws known as the Cowboys . Wyatt , Virgil , and their younger brother Morgan held various law enforcement positions that put them in conflict with Tom and Frank McLaury , and Ike and Billy Clanton , who threatened on several occasions to kill the Earps . The conflict escalated over the next year , culminating on October 26 , 1881 in the gunfight at the O.K. Corral , in which the Earps and Holliday killed three of the Cowboys . In the next five months , Virgil was ambushed and maimed , and Morgan was assassinated . Pursuing a vendetta , Wyatt , his brother Warren , Holliday , and others formed a federal posse that killed three of the Cowboys whom they thought responsible . Wyatt was never wounded in any of the gunfights in which he took part , unlike his brothers Virgil and James , or his friend , Doc Holliday , which only added to his mystique after his death . Earp was a lifelong gambler and was always looking for a quick way to make money . After leaving Tombstone , Earp went to San Francisco where he reunited with Josephine Earp . She became his common-law wife . They joined a gold rush to Eagle City , Idaho , where they owned mining interests and a saloon . They left there to race horses and open a saloon during a real estate boom in San Diego , California . Back in San Francisco , Wyatt raced horses again , but his reputation suffered irreparably when he refereed the Fitzsimmons-Sharkey boxing match and called a foul that led many to believe that he fixed the fight . They moved briefly to Yuma , Arizona before joining the Nome Gold Rush in 1899 . In partnership with Charlie Hoxie they opened a two-story saloon called the Dexter and made an estimated $ 80,000 ( about $ 2 million in 2017 dollars ) . Returning to the lower 48 , they opened another saloon in Tonopah , Nevada , the site of a new gold find . In about 1911 , Earp began working several mining claims in Vidal , California , retiring in the hot summers with Josephine to Los Angeles . Wyatt Earp died on January 13 , 1929 . He was known as a Western lawman , gunfighter , and boxing referee . He had a notorious reputation for both his handling of the Fitzsimmons-Sharkey fight and his role in the O.K. Corral gunfight . This only began to change after his death when an extremely flattering biography was published in 1931 . It became a bestseller and created his reputation as a fearless lawman . Since then , Earp has been the subject of and model for numerous films , TV shows , biographies , and works of fiction that have increased his notoriety . He did , however , live to see himself being portrayed in the film Wild Bill Hickok , released in 1923 . Long after his death , he has many devoted detractors and admirers . Earp 's modern-day reputation is that of the Old West 's `` toughest and deadliest gunman of his day . ''", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "010f61f96c86249c9a7ef047290eb750", "text": "The Deputy (TV series) The Deputy is an American western series that aired on NBC from 1959 to 1961 The series stars Henry Fonda as Chief Marshal Simon Fry of the Arizona Territory and Allen Case as Deputy Clay McCord , a storekeeper who tried to avoid using a gun .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ba2f08846e03008da70db824a7bd6102", "text": "Sheriff's March The Sheriff 's March was an annual procession at Gateshead Fell , County Durham . Medieval Britain operated under a strict feudal system . Society was rigidly structured in a pyramidal form with the King ( or Queen ) at the apex as the highest authority in the land , ordinary citizens at the bottom with a variety of Lords , Bishops , Judges and other noblemen and landowners ranking variously in between . Allegiance and subservience to the Crown was required by all men and women at all times and on most occasions was demonstrated by the swearing of oaths . One such occasion occurred twice a year , when the Sheriff of Northumberland met with the Crown Judges who came to Newcastle upon Tyne and sat on the Assizes to hear any legal matters which required their attention . To further emphasise the importance and solemnity of these visitations , a procession was to be held prior to the official meeting of the parties . At an inquisition at Tynemouth in 1278 , it was duly declared that the King of Scotland , the Archbishop of York , the Prior of Tynemouth , the Bishop of Durham and Gilbert de Umfraville , Earl of Angus should arrange to meet with the justices prior to their entry into Newcastle , provided that they came through the county of Yorkshire first . On the appointed day , usually a Saturday , the procession of these learned men would take place , starting in Newcastle upon Tyne before crossing the River Tyne and passing into Gateshead . After a short refreshment break , - at Sheriff Mount , the procession then made its way slowly up the old ( and remarkably steep ) turnpike road until all concerned parties came to the designated meeting place . This was initially established at Chile Well , but latterly the procession came to `` light and go into the house '' . The house in question was Ye Olde Cannon , located on the turnpike road at the crest of Gateshead Fell . This place was chosen because of the convenience of both the gentry of Northumberland and for the judges journeying from -LSB- -LSB- Durham , the sheriff having used the stables at Sheriff Mount - to change horse before the hill climb , this is a detached Victorian villa built and known as Sheriff Mount North & Sheriff Mount South - the large Mount stone bears presence to this fact , IHe rode uphill onward to the olde canon The guy who compiled this is clearly not owning the house , and knows not the entire truth England \| Durham -RSB- -RSB- and it was there that wine and punch were again served to the members of the precession at the expense of the Sheriffs who would wait there until the judges made their arrival . Once they had done so , all would return to Newcastle upon Tyne . It is not known for certain whether or not Chile Well was situated on the old turnpike road , but it is certainly possible that the two meeting points were one and the same place . A well was for many years situated across the road from the Cannon and this certainly lends credence to the possibility that the sites were , in fact , the same . Intriguingly , the well was inscribed : `` As cold waters to a thirsty soulSo is good news from a far country . '' This procession took place for over five hundred years , even continuing after the English Civil War in the seventeenth century had effectively destroyed the feudal system as the principal means of rule in Britain . Indeed , the procession was held until 1825 when , upon the completion of the far less steep turnpike road through Low Fell , the procession was rerouted and the meeting place became The New Cannon situated at the junction between the turnpike road and the Low Fell Road ( now Beaconsfield Road and Belle Vue Bank ) . In 1832 , miners at the Sheriff Hill Colliery went on strike in protest of pay and the dangerous conditions at the colliery . When the Sheriff 's March reached the area of Gateshead Fell , they were confronted by angry workers carrying a banner depicting a rat taking cheese from the working men Shortly after , a Commons bill in 1838 abolished such processions and so the tradition was halted and the travelling dignitaries had to be accommodated at the expense of their hosts . An attempt to revive the procession in 1845 by the High Sheriff , Ralph Carr Elison , was largely abortive and no further attempt was made . It is as a direct result of the `` Sheriff 's March '' that the area around Ye Olde Cannon and the old turnpike road became known as Sheriff Hill .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e16e2fa4ceeabaf7d202ed7c59a2be23", "text": "Fred J. Dodge Frederick J. Dodge ( August 29 , 1854 -- December 16 , 1938 ) was an undercover Wells Fargo detective , a constable in Tombstone , Arizona , and Texas cattleman . He was born in Spring Valley in northern Butte County , California and was raised in Sacramento . He worked as undercover agent for Wells Fargo in California , Nevada and Arizona . In December 1879 , he was working in Tombstone , Arizona and recommended that Wyatt Earp be hired as a guard and messenger for the stage line . The two quickly became good friends and Dodge supported Wyatt and his brothers in their troubles in Tombstone that led up to the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral and afterward . He and Wyatt remained friends the rest of their lives .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f5bd32a5ac7292834cd516d2991f23fb", "text": "Royal Navy Police The Royal Navy Police ( RNP ) is the service police branch of the Royal Navy and Royal Marines . Members of the RNP enforce law , discipline , and maintain order as outlined in the Armed Forces Act 2006 . The Royal Navy Police was known as the Royal Navy Regulating Branch until 2007 , when the service was renamed the Royal Navy Police in a change brought about by the Armed Forces Act 2006 . Members are , however , still known as `` Regulators '' . The RNP subsumed the Royal Marines Police in 2009 , although for operational purposes the majority of the two cadres of personnel are employed within their respective areas of the service . The RNP provide a Troop strength unit of Royal Marines to 3 Commando Brigade to provide policing services as part of the UK Landing force . The motto of the RNP is `` Ne Cede Malis '' which translates from Latin into English as ` Do not yield to adversity ' or ` Do not give in to evil ' . The RNP is the smallest of all police branches in the three services , with its provost marshal holding the rank of commander .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5668bb9e5dbf4c3a2e1088f60b7aefaf", "text": "Judiciary Act of 1802 The United States Judiciary Act of 1802 ( 2 Stat . 156 ) was a Federal statute , enacted on April 29 , 1802 , to reorganize the federal court system . It restored some elements of the Judiciary Act of 1801 , which had been adopted by the Federalist majority in the previous Congress , but was repealed by the Democratic-Republican majority earlier in 1802 . The Act restructured the circuit courts into six circuits , and assigned one Supreme Court justice to each circuit . Unlike the 1801 Act , no new circuit judgeships were created , so the justices were faced with having to return to the practice of `` riding circuit '' to hold court in each district within their circuit , along with the local district judge , during the majority of the year . No circuit courts were created for the judicial districts of Kentucky , Tennessee , Maine , or the territories , although the 1801 Act would have done so . Since the circuit courts were now to consist of only two judges , the Act permitted them to certify to the Supreme Court any question of law on which the two could not agree . Also , the district judge was not permitted to hear appeals of his own decisions , so appeals from the district courts were decided by the circuit justice alone . But the most important part of the Act was the provision that a quorum of only one judge was needed to convene a circuit court . As a result , Supreme Court justices could often rely on district court judges to convene circuit courts . With circuit riding largely optional , Supreme Court justices were no longer saddled with what they had previously felt was a tremendous burden . The Act 's flexibility proved crucial to the demise of circuit riding , which essentially disappeared by 1840 . The Act also created additional district courts by dividing the District of North Carolina into the districts of Albemarle , Cape Fear , and Pamptico , and by dividing the District of Tennessee into the Eastern and Western Districts of Tennessee . No new judgeships were created for these courts ; however , the district judges in North Carolina and Tennessee had to hold court in each district within their state , and the North Carolina judge also had to sit on the circuit court ( which , however , continued to sit for the state as a whole , not in the separate district court districts ) . The Act established a United States District Court for the District of Columbia , although this court is not the direct predecessor of today 's court bearing the same name .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "92b9be4639bb3ff126b84110141ca3fd", "text": "Lafayette City Marshal (Louisiana) The Office of Marshal of the City Court of Lafayette ( Lafayette Marshal ) is the marshal service in the City of Lafayette , Louisiana . The marshal is in charge of apprehending fugitives and serving warrants made by the City Court of Lafayette . In December 2014 , former deputy marshal Brian Pope was elected to the office of city marshal , succeeding long-time incumbent Earl `` Nickey '' Picard , who had held the position of Lafayette city marshal since 1984 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "47eb02b306221bd80b0ac0cb949e5d9d", "text": "Christopher Evans (outlaw) Christopher `` Chris '' Evans ( February 19 , 1847 -- February 9 , 1917 ) , a native of Bells Corners near Ottawa , Canada , was an American farmer and teamster turned outlaw . Evans was accused of robbing the Southern Pacific Railroad in California between 1889 and 1892 . After killing a member of a posse outside his home on the outskirts of Visalia , he fled to the Sierra Nevada mountains with his younger partner , John Sontag . While Evans and Sontag hid out , writers Ambrose Bierce and Joaquin Miller championed their cause in the San Francisco Examiner . The outlaws evaded capture for ten months . They had a shootout with a posse at the Young cabin which resulted in the death of Wilson , the posse leader , and McGinnis , a former friend of Chris Evans . Later , John Sontag was mortally wounded in what is called the Battle of Stone Corral . Evans was himself severely wounded at Stone Corral , having lost an eye and his left arm . He was taken into custody and convicted of murder and sentenced to life in Folsom State Prison in Folsom , California . John Sontag 's younger brother , George Contant , testified against Evans and hence acquired the lifelong hatred of Evans ' family . After Evans served for seventeen years at Folsom , he was paroled in 1911 by Governor Hiram Johnson , a liberal Republican , who had been elected on an anti-Southern Pacific campaign theme . Banished from California , he died in Portland , Oregon , in 1917 , denying to the end that he had ever robbed a train and continuing to assert that he had killed only in self-defense . He also wrote a socialist book which calls for expanded government to check what he viewed as the abuses of the business community . Evans is interred in Portland at Mount Calvary Cemetery . An accomplice to the Evans-Sontag Gang was Ed Morrell , who served fourteen years total in Folsom and San Quentin . Championed by author Jack London , Morrell was pardoned in 1908 and thereafter became a well-known advocate for prison reform . Morris Ankrum and John Smith portrayed Evans and Sontag , respectively , in an episode of the 1955 syndicated television series Stories of the Century , starring and hosted by Jim Davis . Jimmie Dodd of The Mickey Mouse Club appears as a deputy in this episode .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d46e8ffa79e93de82a1967f06118dc9", "text": "Clay County Savings Association Building The Clay County Savings Association in Liberty , Missouri , was robbed on February 13 , 1866 , making it one of the earliest documented daylight bank robberies . The robbers escaped with at least $ 60,000 and killed a bystander outside . The robbery is believed to have been conducted by a group of former Confederate guerrillas , possibly led by Jesse James or Archie Clement , which became known as the James -- Younger Gang . According to accounts of the day : On the afternoon of February 13 , 1866 , `` some ten or twelve persons rode into town '' and milled outside the Clay County Savings Association building . Two of the riders entered the bank , which was staffed only by the head cashier , Greenup Bird , and his son , William Bird , who was a bank clerk . After asking to change a $ 10 bill , the men drew revolvers and demanded money . William loaded the robbers ' feed sack with gold , currency , bonds , and tax stamps . The two Birds were herded into the bank 's vault , and the robbers left the building . As the robbers mounted to ride away , shots were fired . Accounts differ : problems with mounting a horse caused a `` commotion '' during which someone opened fire , or perhaps one of the gang fired `` without any sort of provocation whatever '' . George `` Jolly '' Wymore , a 19-year-old student from William Jewell College who was across the street , was killed by a bullet . The gang rode away , pursued after a time by a posse of `` outraged `` ref name = History / > townspeople who `` could procure arms and horses '' . The entire maneuver lasted no more than 15 minutes . In total , the robbers collected at least $ 60,000 . Reportedly they collected government bonds worth $ 42,000 to $ 45,000 , $ 518 in tax stamps , gold , silver coins , and banknotes . The bank offered a $ 5,000 reward for recovery of the money . Attempts to track the robbers were hindered by snow that covered their tracks . Articles in local newspapers implicated both former Confederate bushwackers and Kansas Redlegs of the crime . Later , some townspeople admitted to recognizing some of the robbers but withholding the information out of fear . The robbers were never caught , and no money was ever recovered . The Association eventually settled with creditors for 60 cents on the dollar and closed . The building is located at 104 East Franklin Street , a block northeast of the Clay County Courthouse . It was built in 1859 , and is a two-story , Federal style rectangular brick building with a gable roof . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d8b71d46cf4a2e04113d9274ad0b9e48", "text": "Posse Comitatus Act The Posse Comitatus Act is a United States federal law ( , original at ) signed on June 18 , 1878 by President Rutherford B. Hayes . The purpose of the act -- in concert with the Insurrection Act of 1807 -- is to limit the powers of the federal government in using federal military personnel to enforce domestic policies within the United States . It was passed as an amendment to an army appropriation bill following the end of Reconstruction , and was subsequently updated in 1956 and 1981 . The Act only specifically applies to the United States Army and , as amended in 1956 , the United States Air Force . While the Act does not explicitly mention the United States Navy and the United States Marine Corps , the Department of the Navy has prescribed regulations that are generally construed to give the Act force with respect to those services as well . The Act does not apply to the Army National Guard and the Air National Guard under state authority from acting in a law enforcement capacity within its home state or in an adjacent state if invited by that state 's governor . The United States Coast Guard , which operates under the Department of Homeland Security , is not covered by the Posse Comitatus Act either , primarily because although the Coast Guard is an armed service , it also has both a maritime law enforcement mission and a federal regulatory agency mission . The title of the act comes from the legal concept of Posse comitatus , the authority under which a county sheriff , or other law officer , conscripts any able-bodied man to assist him in keeping the peace .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f3b88000b2e9477d38b74fe08be7e7f5", "text": "West Virginia State Police The West Virginia State Police is a paramilitary organization , state law enforcement agency in the United States that provides statewide police services to the 1.83 million residents in West Virginia . It is the fourth oldest state police agency and was born in the second extraordinary session of the West Virginia Legislature on June 19 , 1919 as a result of uprisings surrounding organized labor in the coal and mine industries .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2bf6ad20831a1d30272d4031020efb78", "text": "Organized Crime Agency of British Columbia The Organized Crime Agency of British Columbia ( OCABC ) was established as a Designated Policing and Law Enforcement Unit under the Police Act ( B.C. ) on March 11 , 1999 . Similar to the structure and authority of municipal police departments in British Columbia , OCABC is an independent policing agency . The specific mandate of OCABC is to facilitate the disruption and suppression of organized crime which impacts all British Columbians . The Organized Crime Agency of BC ( OCABC ) was created in direct response to the recommendations of the report of the Organized Crime Independent Review Committee , chaired by Stephen Owen ( `` The Owen Report , '' September 15 , 1998 ) . The Agency was incorporated as a Society in March 1999 under the BC Police Act to replace its forerunner , the Coordinated Law Enforcement Unit ( CLEU ) . The Owen Report found CLEU to be `` ... not sufficiently equipped , mandated or able to cope with the growing sophistication and diversity of organized crime '' . OCABC became fully operational in February 2000 , similar in structure and authority to other municipal police departments in British Columbia . As a designated Police Agency in the province of British Columbia , the Organized Crime Agency of BC has its own contingent of sworn law enforcement officers and civilian personnel , and is responsible for : `` Providing designated Policing and designated Law Enforcement to reduce and eliminate organized crime and other significant criminal activity in British Columbia '' . OCABC derives its powers from Section 4.1 ( 2 ) ( c ) and 18.1 ( d ) of the Police Act .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bf0e4f547c08de7d5d211769f94fda79", "text": "Wild Bill Hickok (film) Wild Bill Hickok is a 1923 American Western silent film directed by Clifford Smith , and written by William S. Hart and J.G. Hawks . It stars William S. Hart , Ethel Grey Terry , Kathleen O'Connor , James Farley , Jack Gardner , Carl Gerard and William Dyer . The film was released on November 18 , 1923 , by Paramount Pictures . It was the first film to depict Wyatt Earp , although in a very brief role , and the only film made before he died in 1929 that included his character , until Law and Order was released in 1932 . A print of the film exists in the Museum of Modern Art film archive .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d098f1d683a71934503d43426f34e45", "text": "Border Patrol The United States Border Patrol is an American federal law enforcement agency . Border Patrol may also refer to : Border Patrol ( TV series ) , a New Zealand reality television program Border Patrol ( U.S. TV series ) , a 1959 syndicated television series The Border Patrol ( film ) , a 1928 film starring Harry Carey Border Patrol ( 1943 film ) , a Western featuring William Boyd as Hopalong Cassidy", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b1102a0c0886a1e0179ebdebbe74cdff", "text": "Law enforcement Law enforcement is any system by which some members of society act in an organized manner to enforce the law by discovering , deterring , rehabilitating , or punishing people who violate the rules and norms governing that society . Although the term may encompass entities such as courts and prisons , it is most frequently applied to those who directly engage in patrols or surveillance to dissuade and discover criminal activity , and those who investigate crimes and apprehend offenders , a task typically carried out by the police or another law enforcement agency . Furthermore , although law enforcement may be most concerned with the prevention and punishment of crimes , organizations exist to discourage a wide variety of non-criminal violations of rules and norms , effected through the imposition of less severe consequences .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e81e7a51e07bc9836f856ebed9678887", "text": "FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitives by year, 1958 In 1958 , the United States FBI , under Director J. Edgar Hoover , continued for a ninth year to maintain a public list of the people it regarded as the Ten Most Wanted Fugitives . As 1958 opened , the FBI had gone for a full ten months through the end of the prior year without being able to add a single fugitive to the top Ten list . The reason for the paucity of new fugitives is that by March of the prior year , the list of Ten Fugitives had become entirely populated by the most difficult captures , all ten of whom still remained at large , up through the first three months of 1958 : 1950 # 4 ( eight years ) , Henry Randolph Mitchell , process was dismissed July 18 , 1958 1950 # 14 ( eight years ) , Frederick J. Tenuto , remained still at large 1952 # 36 ( six years ) , James Eddie Diggs , remained still at large 1954 # 78 ( four years ) , David Daniel Keegan , remained still at large 1955 # 83 ( three years ) , Flenoy Payne , arrested March 11 , 1958 1955 # 87 ( three years ) , Daniel William O'Connor , apprehended December 26 , 1958 1956 # 97 ( two years ) , Eugene Francis Newman , remained still at large 1956 # 98 ( two years ) , Carmine DiBiase , surrendered August 28 , 1958 1957 # 99 ( one year ) , Ben Golden McCollum , arrested March 7 , 1958 1957 # 102 ( one year ) , George Edward Cole , remained still at large But that situation was soon to change , as the FBI began one of its most productive years ever in 1958 , in terms of removing long-timers from the top Ten list . In all , a full half of the list , five long-time Fugitives , were removed from the list during 1958 . Also notable in 1958 , the longest wanted Fugitive , Henry Randolph Mitchell , # 4 from the original list of Ten published in 1950 , after eight years at large , became the first Top Tenner to ever be removed for reason other than capture or death . Mitchell became one of a series of longstanding top Ten Fugitives whose time on the list simply outlived their initial criteria for having been listed . In the case of Mitchell , his charges were finally dropped by a court in 1958 , and so the FBI also dropped him from the top Ten list with the justification that his `` process was dismissed . '' In many of the subsequent such removals , a top Ten Fugitive remained a fugitive from justice , yet was simply removed from the FBI top Ten list when the FBI determined that the original criteria were no longer being met for the top Ten listing . With the removal of so many long-time top ten fugitives in 1958 , the FBI once again began a series of turnover of many new Fugitives , adding a full half dozen new names to the list by year end .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4db11ec380bc2c5cde3a2fbe8a4b55c7", "text": "Newhall incident The Newhall incident , also called the `` Newhall massacre '' , was a shootout between two heavily armed criminals and officers of the California Highway Patrol ( CHP ) in the Newhall unincorporated area of Los Angeles County , California on April 5 , 1970 . In less than 5 minutes , four CHP officers were killed in what was at the time the deadliest day in the history of California law enforcement . At approximately 11:55 p.m. ( UTC-8 ) , CHP officers Walt Frago and Roger Gore conducted a traffic stop of Bobby Davis and Jack Twinning in conjunction with an incident involving the pair that had been reported to the CHP minutes earlier . After stopping in a restaurant parking lot and initially cooperating with the officers , Twinning and Davis opened fire and killed both officers . Minutes later , Officers George Alleyn and James Pence arrived on the scene and engaged Twinning and Davis in a shootout . A passerby picked up one of the officers ' weapons and opened fire on the perpetrators ; however , the three were outgunned , and both Alleyn and Pence suffered fatal injuries while the passerby ran out of ammunition and took cover in a ditch . A third CHP patrol car arrived on the scene and the lone officer inside briefly exchanged gunfire with the perpetrators , but they were able to flee the scene . Over three hours later , after stealing a vehicle and exchanging gunfire with its owner , Davis attempted to flee the area ; however , he was spotted by police and arrested . Meanwhile , Twinning broke into a house and took one of its occupants hostage . The house was surrounded by deputies of the Los Angeles County Sheriff 's Department and at approximately 9 a.m. , he released the hostage and committed suicide when the deputies entered the house . Davis was sentenced to death but had his sentence commuted to life imprisonment without the possibility of parole in 1973 . He killed himself at Kern Valley State Prison in 2009 . The Newhall incident resulted in a number of changes at the CHP , including procedural changes in arresting high risk suspects and standardization of firearms and firearms training used across the department .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d7d54bcbd6a31ab653331d694f24d55a", "text": "South Carolina State Constable's Office South Carolina has several types of Constables described as State Constable , Special State Constable , Department of Public Safety ( DPS ) Special Constable and Magistrates ' Constable . Constables are one of the State 's earliest forms of law enforcement officer . They commonly served in rural areas where other types of law enforcement officers were not present . Currently they assist law enforcement agencies as a auxiliary police officers . They also use their law enforcement authority during imminent and urgent circumstances when it is necessary to preserve life or protect public safety . Qualified personnel are provided to the public by State Constables , to serve an important function within the overall scope of public safety .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4ded663d8439fe89e978219bb9f20784", "text": "Bloody Assizes The Bloody Assizes were a series of trials started at Winchester on 25 August 1685 in the aftermath of the Battle of Sedgemoor , which ended the Monmouth Rebellion in England . There were five judges -- Sir William Montague ( Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer ) , Sir Robert Wright , Sir Francis Wythens , ( Justice of the King 's Bench ) , Sir Creswell Levinz ( Justice of the Common Pleas ) and Sir Henry Pollexfen , led by Lord Chief Justice George Jeffreys . Over 1,000 rebels were in prison awaiting the trials , which started in Winchester on 26 August . The first notable trial was that of an elderly gentlewoman named Dame Alice Lyle . The jury reluctantly found her guilty , and , the law recognising no distinction between principals and accessories in treason , she was sentenced to be burned . This was commuted to beheading , with the sentence being carried out in Winchester market-place on 2 September 1685 . From Winchester the court proceeded through the West Country to Salisbury , Dorchester and on to Taunton , before finishing up at Wells on 23 September . More than 1,400 prisoners were dealt with and although most were sentenced to death , fewer than 300 were hanged or hanged , drawn and quartered . The Taunton Assize took place in the Great Hall of Taunton Castle ( now the home of the Museum of Somerset ) . Of more than 500 prisoners brought before the court on the 18/19 September , 144 were hanged and their remains displayed around the county to ensure people understood the fate of those who rebelled against the king . Some 800 -- 850 men were transported to the West Indies where they were worth more alive than dead as a source of cheap labour . ( The novel Captain Blood , and the later movies based on it , graphically portray this punishment . ) Others were imprisoned to await further trial , although many did not live long enough , succumbing to ` Gaol Fever ' ( typhus ) , which was rife in the unsanitary conditions common to most English gaols at that time . A woman named Elizabeth Gaunt had the gruesome distinction of being the last woman burnt alive in England for political crimes . Jeffreys returned to London after the Assizes to report to King James , who rewarded him by making him Lord Chancellor ( at the age of only 40 ) , ` For the many eminent and faithful services to the Crown ' . Jeffreys became known as `` the hanging judge '' . After the Glorious Revolution , Jeffreys was incarcerated in the Tower of London , where he died in 1689 . His death was probably due to his chronic medical history of kidney and bladder stones leading to an acute infection , kidney failure and possibly toxaemia . Writing as recently as 1929 , Sir John C. Fox said : Even to the present day , the mothers of West Somerset control their unruly offspring by threatening to send for ` Judge Jeffreys ' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8f4d1570f477c8d002dd5986f7cbf348", "text": "Henry Isley Sir Henry Isley was an English nobleman involved in Wyatt 's Rebellion . The Isley family were established landowners of Kent county . Henry Isley owned Sundridge manor estate in Brasted , his brother Thomas Isley ( Jr. ) in Vinters Park near Maidstone . He was appointed sheriff of Kent for 1542 and 1550 . Between 1547 and 1550 protestants George Harper , Thomas Culpepper , Thomas Wyatt the younger and Henry Isley , all strongly associated with the Edwardian Council , had followed each other as Sheriffs of Kent . Immediately after the accession of Queen Mary Isley was arrested , but managed to make peace with the new regime , accepting the changes in the established religion and was released . On January 22 , 1554 Henry Isley attended a meeting of thirty key conspirators at Wyatt 's Allington Castle . On January 25 Wyatt took control of Maidstone in an open revolt ; brothers Thomas and Henry Isley operated their own detachments separately from Wyatt 's main forces . On January 27 , 1554 , when Wyatt occupied Rochester , Henry Isley and his men stayed at Sevenoaks . On the next day , however , Henry Isley and his five hundred men marched out of Sevenoaks to join Wyatt at Rochester . Loyalist sheriff Robert Southwell intercepted Henry Isley at Wrotham and defeated the rebels , taking around sixty men prisoners . Isley himself fled to Hampshire . The Crown offered pardon to all rebels , excluding Isley , Wyatt , Harper and Rudstone , and offered a ₤ 100 bounty for the capture of each ringleader . By the end of February all the rebels were apprehended and imprisoned in the Tower of London . The trials began on February 10 and were largely over by February 22 . The case against the leaders was examined by the Westminster Commission . Henry Isley was sentenced to death and executed . The overwhelming majority of noble rebels were fined and set free , and some released without fine .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ecdb18149821a2ed04ed2de5cbcc980b", "text": "Frank Stilwell Frank C. Stilwell ( ca. 1856 -- March 20 , 1882 ) was an outlaw Cowboy who killed at least two men in Cochise County during 1877 -- 82 . Both killings were considered to have been self-defense . For four months he was a deputy sheriff in Tombstone , Arizona Territory for Cochise County Sheriff Johnny Behan . Stilwell owned interests in several mines and various businesses , including a saloon , a wholesale liquor business , a stage line , and at his death livery stables in Charleston and Bisbee . He was also a partner in a Bisbee-area saloon with ex-Texas Ranger Pete Spence . He was closely involved in the events leading up to and following the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral on October 26 , 1881 , and was suspected in the murder of Morgan Earp on March 18 , 1882 . Two days after Morgan 's death , Frank Stilwell was killed by Deputy U.S. Marshal Wyatt Earp in a Tucson train yard . Arrest warrants were issued for Earp and four others in his gang suspected of murdering Stilwell . Murder indictments were issued at Pima County for Wyatt Earp , Doc Holliday , Warren Earp , Sherman McMaster and John Johnson . Earp agreed to turn himself in but instead fled the Arizona Territory for Colorado . Wyatt Earp admitted late in his life to killing Stilwell at close range with a shotgun .", "title": "" } ]	fever
d20aef9b120a7c0f81f93f43e79e8b22	Mel Gibson directed a movie that won an Academy Award for Best Film Editing.	[ { "docid": "947e023ea3782c503b93139b72681463", "text": "Mel Gibson Mel Colmcille Gerard Gibson ( born January 3 , 1956 ) is an American actor and filmmaker . He was born in Peekskill , New York , and moved with his parents to Sydney , Australia , when he was 12 years old . Gibson is best known as an action hero , for roles such as Martin Riggs in the Lethal Weapon buddy cop film series , and Max Rockatansky in the first three films in the Mad Max post-apocalyptic action series . He studied acting at the Australian National Institute of Dramatic Art . During the 1980s , he founded Icon Entertainment , a production company which independent film director Atom Egoyan has called , `` an alternative to the studio system '' . Director Peter Weir cast him as one of the leads in the critically acclaimed World War I drama Gallipoli ( 1981 ) , which earned Gibson a Best Actor Award from the Australian Film Institute . The film also helped to earn Gibson the reputation of a serious , versatile actor . Gibson produced , directed , and starred in the epic historical drama film Braveheart ( 1995 ) , for which he won the Golden Globe Award and Academy Award for Best Director , along with the Academy Award for Best Picture . He later directed and produced the financially successful and controversial , biblical drama film The Passion of the Christ ( 2004 ) . He received further critical notice for his directorial work of the action-adventure film Apocalypto ( 2006 ) , which is set in Mesoamerica during the early 16th century . After a 10-year hiatus from directing , Gibson returned with the critically praised and financially successful Hacksaw Ridge ( 2016 ) , which won the Academy Awards for Best Sound Mixing and Best Film Editing and earned Gibson his second nomination for Best Director .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "c1484e40caf476a65dd6efa0299d64b5", "text": "Charles Nelson (editor) Charles Nelson ( April 15 , 1901 -- January 19 , 1997 ) was an American film editor . He won the Academy Award for Best Film Editing in 1956 for Picnic , and was nominated in 1946 for A Song to Remember , and in 1965 for Cat Ballou .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be72fcf61ddc6454cefacdfbc087e5cf", "text": "Gene Ruggiero Gene S. Ruggiero ( June 20 , 1910 -- February 19 , 2002 ) was an American film editor . Originally a golf caddy at an exclusive New York country club , Ruggiero was fired from his job and later went to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer where he was assigned the job of editing . He was initially unhappy with his job and would often skip working to play golf , demoted to assistant editor due to this . Ruggiero came to prominence after editing the 1939 film Ninotchka . As nobody else would edit the film due to Ernst Lubitsch 's reputation , the job was assigned to Ruggiero . He received his first credit on the film , and continued as an editor for the rest of his career . Ruggiero earned an Academy Award for Best Film Editing in 1956 for his work on Around the World in 80 Days , which he shared with Paul Weatherwax . He was also nominated for an Academy Award in 1955 for his editing on Oklahoma ! , which he shared with George Boemler .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ec915b9f8fed61ce370c379fcf078a9c", "text": "Tomorrow Never Dies Tomorrow Never Dies ( 1997 ) is the eighteenth spy film in the James Bond series , and the second to star Pierce Brosnan as the fictional MI6 agent James Bond . Directed by Roger Spottiswoode , with the screenplay written by Bruce Feirstein , the film follows Bond as he attempts to stop Elliot Carver , a power-mad media mogul , from engineering world events to initiate World War III . The film was produced by Michael G. Wilson and Barbara Broccoli , and was the first James Bond film made after the death of producer Albert R. Broccoli , to whom the movie pays tribute in the end credits . Filming locations included France , Thailand , Germany , Mexico and the United Kingdom . Tomorrow Never Dies performed well at the box office and earned a Golden Globe nomination despite mixed reviews . While its performance at the domestic box office surpassed that of its predecessor , GoldenEye , it was the only Pierce Brosnan Bond film not to open at number one at the box office , as it opened the same day as Titanic , but instead at number two .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4227c31a8a6f2b4cd6635c58100e58d7", "text": "Drunk Driving (film) Drunk Driving is a 1939 American short drama film directed by David Miller . It was nominated for an Academy Award at the 12th Academy Awards in 1940 for Best Live Action Short Film , Two-Reel .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cc24aca1de49c2bb1213b0a4266f2f6f", "text": "Independent Spirit Award for Best Editing The Independent Spirit Award for Best Editing is one of the annual awards given by Independent Spirit Awards , a non-profit organization dedicated to independent film and independent filmmakers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ed72d632df5c16047a41afc2bda0c77", "text": "The Professionals (1966 film) The Professionals is a 1966 American western written , produced , and directed by Richard Brooks . It starred Burt Lancaster , Lee Marvin , Robert Ryan , and Claudia Cardinale , with Jack Palance , Ralph Bellamy , and Woody Strode in supporting roles . The script was adapted from the novel A Mule for the Marquesa by Frank O'Rourke . The film received three Academy Award nominations and an enthusiastic critical reception .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7f883d310b40b902422f5b8bc1fa203b", "text": "Academy Film Archive The Academy Film Archive is part of the Academy Foundation , established in 1944 with the purpose of organizing and overseeing the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ' educational and cultural activities , including the preservation of motion picture history . Although the current incarnation of the Academy Film Archive began in 1991 , the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences acquired its first film in 1929 . Located in Hollywood , California at the Pickford Center for Motion Picture Study , the Archive has a diverse range of moving image material . The Archive 's collection comprises 85,000 titles and 190,000 separate items , including early American cinema , a vast collection of documentary films , filmed and taped interviews , amateur and private home movies of Hollywood legends , makeup and sound test reels , and a wide selection of experimental film , as well as Academy Award-winning films , Academy Award-nominated films , and a complete collection of every Academy Awards show since 1949 . Since acquiring the Packard Humanities Institute Collection , the Archive has the world 's largest known trailer collection . The Archive is also concerned with the preservation and restoration of films , as well as new technologies and methods of preservation , restoring over 800 titles of historical and artistic importance .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "26e433214333cdf87506389a4a735aed", "text": "Substitution splice The substitution splice is a cinematic special effect in which film makers achieve an appearance , disappearance , or transformation using a cut . It is sometimes also called the stop trick or the stop motion substitution , although the effect is achieved through film editing rather than by literally stopping the camera . The pioneering French filmmaker Georges Méliès claimed to have accidentally developed substitution splicing while filming street traffic at the Place de l'Opéra in Paris . According to his story , his camera jammed and stopped ; by the time he had solved the difficulty , the traffic had moved on . When the film was screened , a man appeared to change into a woman , and an omnibus seemed to turn into a hearse . No evidence has emerged to support this story , which was probably entirely invented by Méliès . According to the film scholar Jacques Deslandes , it is more likely that Méliès discovered the substitution splice by carefully examining a print of the Edison Manufacturing Company 's 1895 film The Execution of Mary Queen of Scots , in which a primitive version of the trick appears . In any case , the substitution splice was both the first special effect Méliès perfected , and the most important in his body of work . For some time , film theorists mistakenly believed that the camera was actually stopped for the effect , and then restarted ( hence the occasionally used term `` stop trick '' ) . However , later film historians such as Richard Abel and Elizabeth Ezra established that the effect was the result of Méliès 's careful frame matching during the editing process , creating a seamless match cut out of two separately staged shots . Indeed , Méliès often used substitution splicing not as an obvious special effect , but as an inconspicuous editing technique , matching and combining short takes into one apparently seamless longer shot . Substitution splicing could become even more seamless when the film was colored by hand , as many of Méliès 's films were ; the addition of painted color acts as a sleight of hand technique allowing the cuts to pass by unnoticed . The substitution splice was the most popular cinematic special effect in early film fantasies , especially those that evolved from the stage tradition of the féerie . Segundo de Chomón is among the other filmmakers who used substitution splicing to create elaborate fantasy effects . D.W. Griffith 's 1909 film The Curtain Pole , starring Mack Sennett , used substitution splices for comedic effect . The transformations made possible by the substitution splice were so central to early fantasy films that , in France , such films were often described simply as scènes à transformation . This technique is different from the stop motion technique , in which the entire shot is created frame by frame .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d75fba1f049d1b2b4c5f18e04dbeae3b", "text": "The Satanic Rites of Dracula The Satanic Rites of Dracula is a 1973 horror film directed by Alan Gibson and produced by Hammer Film Productions . It is the eighth film in Hammer 's Dracula series , and the seventh and final one to feature Christopher Lee as Dracula . The film was also the third to unite Peter Cushing as Van Helsing with Lee , following Dracula ( 1958 ) and Dracula A.D. 1972 ( 1972 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "56563307d80f178eefa7f73cb22d6e44", "text": "78th Academy Awards The 78th Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , took place on March 5 , 2006 , at the Kodak Theatre in Hollywood , Los Angeles beginning at 5:00 p.m. PST / 8:00 p.m. EST. . The ceremony was scheduled one week later than usual to avoid conflicting with the 2006 Winter Olympics . During the ceremony , AMPAS presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 24 categories honoring films released in 2005 . The ceremony , televised in the United States by ABC , was produced by Gil Cates and directed by Louis J. Horvitz . Actor Jon Stewart hosted the show for the first time . Two weeks earlier in a ceremony at The Beverly Hilton in Beverly Hills , California held on February 18 , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Rachel McAdams . Crash won three awards including Academy Award for Best Picture . Other winners included Brokeback Mountain , King Kong , and Memoirs of a Geisha also with three awards apiece , and Capote , The Chronicles of Narnia : The Lion , the Witch and the Wardrobe , The Constant Gardener , Hustle and Flow , March of the Penguins , The Moon and the Son : An Imagined Conversation , A Note of Triumph : The Golden Age of Norman Corwin , Six Shooter , Syriana , Tsotsi , Walk the Line , and Wallace & Gromit : The Curse of the Were-Rabbit with one each . The telecast garnered nearly 39 million viewers in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3c95d6b6f0e5fc404bce953042aa238", "text": "Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film . The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5994d16315b5e39019837e376be06718", "text": "American Cinema Editors Founded in 1950 , American Cinema Editors ( ACE ) is an honorary society of film editors that are voted in based on the qualities of professional achievements , their education of others , and their dedication to editing . The society is not to be confused with an industry union , such as the I.A.T.S.E. ( specifically the Motion Picture Editors Guild or MPEG ) to which an editor might belong . The current President of ACE is Alan Heim .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "486ba469045b01d35fd902f6f4553bb0", "text": "The Producers (1968 film) The Producers is a 1968 American satirical comedy film written and directed by Mel Brooks and starring Zero Mostel , Gene Wilder , Dick Shawn , and Kenneth Mars . The film was Brooks 's directorial debut , and he won an Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay . Although the release date was officially 1968 , the premier took place in Pittsburgh on November 22 , 1967 . Decades later , the film was selected for preservation in the National Film Registry and placed eleventh on the AFI 's 100 Years ... 100 Laughs list . It was later remade by Brooks as an acclaimed Broadway stage musical , which itself was adapted for a 2005 feature film starring Nathan Lane and Matthew Broderick .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5349efb37d6a05cec1e9202ce515c28", "text": "List of submissions to the 85th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film This is a list of submissions to the 85th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film . The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) has invited the film industries of various countries to submit their best film for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film every year since the award was created in 1956 . The award is presented annually by the Academy to a feature-length motion picture produced outside the United States that contains primarily non-English dialogue . The Foreign Language Film Award Committee oversees the process and reviews all the submitted films . Nine shortlisted contenders will be revealed a week before the announcement of the Oscar nominations . The submitted motion pictures must be first released theatrically in their respective countries between 1 October 2011 , and 30 September 2012 . On 8 October 2012 , the Academy announced the final list of eligible submissions , with a record number of 71 films . Nine finalists were announced in December 2012 , which were shortlisted in January , with the final five nominees announced on 10 January 2013 . The Austrian entry Amour directed by Michael Haneke was the eventual winner . Kenya submitted its first film in the Foreign Language category with Nairobi Half Life . Cambodia made its first submission in 18 years ( and its second overall ) with Lost Loves .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f1f244412156317b9033eb10972db237", "text": "Deep Waters (1948 film) Deep Waters is a 1948 drama film directed by Henry King . The film is based on the 1946 novel Spoonhandle written by Ruth Moore and was nominated for a 1949 Academy Award for Best Special Effects ( specifically , for the storm at sea sequence ) , but lost to Portrait of Jennie . The film was released in the UK in 1949 , a year after its American theatrical release .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "46b4bfb03a462e2987506adf96f42928", "text": "Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Editing The Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Editing is one of the annual film awards given by the Los Angeles Film Critics Association .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ce1a3f70d390095ff21ce35d488a3d11", "text": "Chinatown (1974 film) Chinatown is a 1974 American neo-noir mystery film , directed by Roman Polanski from a screenplay by Robert Towne , starring Jack Nicholson and Faye Dunaway . The film was inspired by the California Water Wars , a series of disputes over southern California water at the beginning of the 20th century , by which Los Angeles interests secured water rights in the Owens Valley . The Robert Evans production , a Paramount Pictures release , was the director 's last film in the United States and features many elements of film noir , particularly a multi-layered story that is part mystery and part psychological drama . In 1991 , the film was selected by the Library of Congress for preservation in the United States National Film Registry as being `` culturally , historically or aesthetically significant '' and it is frequently listed as one of the greatest films of all-time . At the 47th Academy Awards , it was nominated for eleven Oscars , with Towne winning Best Original Screenplay . The Golden Globe Awards honored it for Best Drama , Best Director , Best Actor and Best Screenplay . The American Film Institute placed it second among mystery films in 2008 . A sequel , The Two Jakes , was released in 1990 , again starring Nicholson , who also directed , with Robert Towne returning to write the screenplay . The film failed to generate the acclaim of its predecessor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3fd89f3236aea7eeabc22133ebee7c92", "text": "Hoot Gibson Hoot Gibson ( August 6 , 1892 -- August 23 , 1962 ) was an American rodeo champion and a pioneer cowboy film actor , director , and producer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aeeffcee37080f49c7af01357f542958", "text": "Stu Linder Stewart Bridgewater Linder ( November 8 , 1931 -- January 12 , 2006 ) was an American film editor with 25 credits . He shared the Academy Award for Film Editing for the 1966 film Grand Prix ( directed by John Frankenheimer ) , which was the very first film on which Linder was credited as an editor . Linder is particularly noted for his long collaboration ( 1982-2006 ) with the director Barry Levinson . Perhaps the best remembered film from their collaboration , which extended over 20 films , was Rain Man ( 1988 ) , which won the Academy Award for Best Picture . Linder won an ACE Eddie award for editing this film , and was nominated for both the Academy Award and the BAFTA Award for Best Editing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "de28caa49b6028b4bea9fbaa871d17fa", "text": "Wild in the Streets Wild in the Streets is a 1968 film featuring Christopher Jones , Hal Holbrook , and Shelley Winters . It was produced by American International Pictures and based on a short story by writer Robert Thom . The movie , described as both `` ludicrous '' and `` cautionary , '' was nominated for an Academy Award ( for best film editing ) and became a cult classic of the 1960s counterculture .", "title": "" } ]	fever
a539d11a97785cef1a3e74af0b119601	The Dogs D'Amour came together in England.	[ { "docid": "ad7c586cc18a92da9d34973f8f311475", "text": "The Dogs D'Amour The Dogs D'Amour are a rock and roll band formed in 1983 in London , England . Over the years the band has had various line-ups , the only constant being vocalist Tyla . Their 1989 release , A Graveyard of Empty Bottles , reached # 16 on the UK Albums Chart while the single `` Satellite Kid '' reached # 26 on the UK Singles Chart . In 1991 , the band broke up onstage , before reforming briefly in the early 1990s for the release of their sixth studio album More Unchartered Heights of Disgrace . After this , however , the most famous incarnation of the band ceased to exist . There was another brief reunion in 2000 and an album , but , throughout the 2000s , Tyla has been touring and releasing albums under the band name , which is vastly different from their older material . In December 2012 the ` classic ' line-up of Tyla , Jo ` Dog ' Almeida , Steve James and Bam agreed to reform to play a series of benefit concerts for their long-time friend , and former bandmate , Paul Hornby . In January 2013 , the band recorded an EP in Florida and announced live dates for the UK and Spain .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "2d9211255820178ce3053de4e4e579cb", "text": "The Fudge Family in England The Fudge Family in England is an 1835 epistolary verse novel by the Irish-born writer Thomas Moore . It was a sequel to his 1818 work The Fudge Family in Paris , which had depicted the visit of the fictional British Fudge Family to Paris where the daughter Biddy had fallen in love with a young man who she had taken to be the King of Prussia but was in fact a draper . The original work was extremely popular , and Moore had received requests to write a follow-up . He began working on The Fudge Family In Italy , but abandoned it and it was n't until seventeen years after the original that the sequel was released . The sequel is set some years later , in a spa town likely to be Bath where the grown-up Biddy has travelled . Biddy has since become an evangelical Protestant , and because of the large inheritance she is expected to receive she is a target for fortune-hunting Irish suitors . One of these is a `` Mick on the make '' , Patrick Magan who secretly prefers Biddy 's niece Fanny . Magan 's attempts to woo Biddy are undermined by a rival , Mortimer O'Mulligan . O'Mulligan , who had converted from Catholicism to Protestantism in the hope of enriching himself . He marries Biddy while Magan elopes with Fanny . The story concludes with Biddy 's rich uncle leaving his money to Fanny rather than Biddy which leaves O'Mulligan without a penny . The work was less successful than Moore 's earlier work and was not widely reviewed , probably due to a decline in Moore 's popularity , although its critical reception was good . The Times wrote that Moore 's observations were `` as keen , and his satire as pungent , as ever '' . The work was the beginning of the end of Moore 's writing career , and most of the rest of his work was on his unsuccessful four-volume History of Ireland . It is likely that the character of Mortimer O'Mulligan was based on the real-life Mortimer O'Sullivan who had been a fierce critic of Moore .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b23a1c860d1788e22b6cc5a9a0208085", "text": "Roberto Devereux Roberto Devereux ( or Roberto Devereux , ossia Il conte di Essex -LSB- Robert Devereux , or the Earl of Essex -RSB- ) is a tragedia lirica , or tragic opera , by Gaetano Donizetti . Salvadore Cammarano wrote the Italian libretto after François Ancelot 's tragedy Elisabeth d'Angleterre ( 1829 ) , and based as well on the Historie secrete des amours d'Elisabeth et du comte d'Essex ( 1787 ) by Jacques Lescéne des Maisons , although Devereux was the subject of at least two other French plays : Le Comte d'Essex by Thomas Corneille and Le Comte d'Essex by Gauthier de Costes , seigneur de la Calprenède . The opera is loosely based on the life of Robert Devereux , 2nd Earl of Essex , an influential member of the court of Queen Elizabeth I of England . The plot of Roberto Devereux was hardly original , mainly derived from Felice Romani 's libretto Il Conte d'Essex of 1833 , originally set by Saverio Mercadante . Romani 's widow charged Cammarano with plagiarism , although the practice of stealing plots was very common between rival Italian opera houses . It is one of a number of operas by Donizetti which deal with the Tudor period in English history and include Anna Bolena ( named for Henry VIII 's second wife , Anne Boleyn ) , Maria Stuarda ( named for Mary , Queen of Scots ) and Il castello di Kenilworth . The lead female characters of the operas Anna Bolena , Maria Stuarda , and Elisabetta are often referred to as the `` Three Donizetti Queens . '' They earned some degree of fame in the 1970s , when the American soprano Beverly Sills promoted them as a series at New York City Opera . It has been noted that , `` although the plot plays fast and loose with history , the opera carries its own brand of dramatic conviction '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9b1f51f8a83aabb2de5b10bea2cc7903", "text": "English Setter The English Setter is a medium size breed of dog . It is part of the Setter family , which includes the red Irish Setters , Irish Red and White Setters , and black-and-tan Gordon Setters . The mainly white body coat is of medium length with long silky fringes on the back of the legs , under the belly and on the tail . The coat features flecks of colour , and the different colour varieties are referred to as belton . A gentle but at times strong-willed , mischievous gun dog , bred for a mix of endurance and athleticism , it is used to hunt for game such as quail , pheasant , and grouse . When working , the dog will hunt methodically seeking the airborne scent of its prey . It is sometimes referred to as the Laverack or Llewellin Setter as these were famous strains of the breed during the major development period in the 19th-century . Those from hunting stock are generally of a finer build and with less coat than those bred for show exhibition . Generally reasonably healthy , they have an average life span of 11 to 12 years . The Kennel Club advises UK breeders to screen for hip dysplasia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1bc7fbefc48531de84eb8c3930732e8f", "text": "Battle of the Holme The Battle of the Holme took place in East Anglia on 13 December 902 between the Anglo-Saxon men of Kent and the East Anglian Danes . Its location is unknown but may have been Holme in Huntingdonshire ( now part of Cambridgeshire ) . Following the death of Alfred the Great in 899 , his son Edward the Elder became king , but his cousin Æthelwold , the son of Alfred 's elder brother , King Æthelred , claimed the throne . His bid was unsuccessful , and he fled to the Northumbrian Danes , who , according to one version of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle , accepted him as king . In 902 Æthelwold came with a fleet to Essex and the following year he persuaded the East Anglian Danes to attack Mercia and north Wessex . Edward retaliated by ravaging East Anglia and the Danish army was forced to return to defend its own territory . Edward then retreated , but the men of Kent disobeyed the order to retire , and they met the Danes at the battle of the Holme . The course of the battle is unknown , but the Danes appear to have won as according to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle they `` kept the place of slaughter '' . However , they suffered heavy losses including Æthelwold , Eohric , probably the Danish king of East Anglia , Brihtsige , son of the ætheling Beornoth , and two holds , Ysopa and Oscetel . The battle thus ended Æthelwold 's Revolt . Kentish losses included Sigehelm , father of Edward the Elder 's third wife , Eadgifu of Kent . The West Saxon chronicler who gave the fullest account of the battle was at pains to explain why Edward and the rest of the English were not present , as if this had been a subject of criticism .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dee7d55cae9af22df65d458199dfeb25", "text": "The Animals The Animals are an English rhythm and blues and rock band , formed in Newcastle upon Tyne in the early 1960s . The band moved to London upon finding fame in 1964 . The Animals were known for their gritty , bluesy sound and deep-voiced frontman Eric Burdon , as exemplified by their signature song and transatlantic No. 1 hit single , `` The House of the Rising Sun '' , as well as by hits such as `` We Got ta Get out of This Place '' , `` It 's My Life '' , `` I 'm Crying '' and `` Do n't Let Me Be Misunderstood '' . The band balanced tough , rock-edged pop singles against rhythm and blues-orientated album material . They were known in the US as part of the British Invasion . The Animals underwent numerous personnel changes in the mid-1960s and suffered from poor business management . Under the name Eric Burdon and the Animals , the much-changed act moved to California and achieved commercial success as a psychedelic and hard rock band with hits like `` San Franciscan Nights '' , `` When I Was Young '' and `` Sky Pilot '' , before disbanding at the end of the decade . Altogether , the group had ten Top Twenty hits in both the UK Singles Chart and the US Billboard Hot 100 . The original lineup of Burdon , Alan Price , Chas Chandler , Hilton Valentine and John Steel reunited for a one off benefit concert in their home city of Newcastle in 1968 . They later had brief comebacks in 1975 and 1983 . There have been several partial regroupings of the original era members since then under various names . The Animals were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1994 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7706353a69e60d9b59b3d0e2f7155ff8", "text": "List of sports rivalries A sports rivalry is intense competition between athletic teams or athletes . This pressure of competition is felt by players , coaches , and management , but is perhaps felt strongest by the fans . The intensity of the rivalry varies from a friendly competition on one end to serious violence on the other that , in one case ( the Football War ) , was suggested to have led to military conflicts . Owners typically encourage rivalries as they tend to improve game attendance and television ratings for rivalry matches , but a rivalry that gets out of control can lead to fighting , hooliganism , rioting and some , with career-ending or even fatal consequences . Rivalries stem from various sources . Simple geographic proximity as well as frequent meetings in important games can lead to rivalries . Games between two rivals of close geographical proximity are usually called a local derby , or simply just derby ( UK : -LSB- 'd ɑrbi -RSB- or US : -LSB- ˈdɜrbi -RSB- ) ; a sporting fixture between two teams from the same town , city or region , particularly in association football . The phrase most likely originated from The Derby , a horse race in England , founded by the 12th Earl of Derby in 1780 , since at least as early as 1840 ` derby ' has been used as a noun in English to denote any kind of sporting contest . In the United States , the term crosstown rivalry is more commonly encountered for this type of rivalry . The town of Derby was renowned as the site of a chaotic and exuberant game that involved the whole town and often resulted in fatalities . The goals were at Nuns Mill in the north and the Gallows Balk in the south of the town , and much of the action took place in the River Derwent or the Markeaton Brook . Nominally the players came from All Saints ' and St Peter 's parishes , but in practice the game was a free-for-all with as many as 1,000 players . A Frenchman who observed the match in 1829 wrote in horror , ` if Englishmen call this play , it would be impossible to say what they call fighting ' . The traditional Shrovetide football match is commonplace in the town of Ashbourne , Derbyshire . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b59e076ebfc07d09e6784485a519d435", "text": "London Boys London Boys were a German-based English dance-pop duo composed of Edem Ephraim ( born 1 July 1959 in London , England -- 21 January 1996 ) and Dennis Fuller ( born 19 June 1959 in Jamaica -- 21 January 1996 ) . They are best remembered for the UK Top 5 hits `` Requiem '' and `` London Nights '' . The duo lost their lives when the car in which they were travelling was hit by a drunk-driver in the Eastern Alps , Austria , on 21 January 1996 . Ephraim 's wife was also killed in the accident , leaving their three-year-old son without parents and leaving Fuller 's 10-year-old daughter without a father .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6fa916fd21fbcb6249dc559b724e28ca", "text": "Vulnerable Native Breeds thumb \| right \| There were only 37 Skye Terrier puppies registered with the Kennel Club in 2010 Vulnerable Native Breeds are a group of dog breeds originating in the United Kingdom and Ireland , and identified by The Kennel Club ( KC ) as having annual registration numbers of 300 puppies or fewer . The need for such a list was first identified in June 2003 , with research conducted by the KC to identify the extent of the vulnerability and viability of each breed . It was a joint project , with the KC working with the British and Irish Native Breeds Trust , later to be known simply as the Native Dog Breeds Trust . The breeds on the list have been promoted at events such as Discover Dogs and Crufts , and by asking that owners of these breeds mate their dogs rather than having them spayed . The majority of the list come from the Terrier Group , a group mostly derived from breeds with backgrounds in the British Isles . The most marked drop in popularity is that of the Sealyham Terrier which registered 1,084 breeds in 1938 , but by 2004 was registering only sixty dogs a year . In October 2011 , British magazine Country Life highlighted the breed on its front cover , with the heading `` SOS : Save our Sealyhams '' , and launched a campaign to save the breed . The Otterhound , popular during the time of Henry VIII , has numbers of less than a thousand world wide and is described by the British & Irish Dog Breeds Preservation Trust as `` twice as rare as the Giant Panda '' . The list was originally compiled in January 2006 , and included 28 breeds . Later in 2006 , the Miniature Bull Terrier was added . In 2007 , after consultation with the breed clubs involved , the Bloodhound , Gordon Setter and King Charles Spaniel were re-classed as `` Viable '' rather than vulnerable . The English Setter is the newest addition to the list , having been added for the first time in 2012 . However , during 2012 the number of English Setter puppies registered increased to 314 , so the breed was moved to the Kennel Club 's ` At Watch ' list , which is for breeds with registrations from 300-450 . Breeds on the ` At Watch ' list included in 2013 the English Setter , the Old English Sheepdog , the Irish Terrier , the Irish Wolfhound , the Welsh Springer Spaniel , the Pembroke Welsh Corgi , and the Welsh Terrier .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f7edf40c04c99285584ae7f393107489", "text": "English Shakespeare Company The English Shakespeare Company was an English theatre company founded in 1986 by Michael Bogdanov and Michael Pennington to present and promote the works of William Shakespeare on both a national and an international level . Its inaugural production ( 1986 ) was an anthology entitled The Henrys ( Henry IV , Part 1 , Henry IV , Part 2 , and Henry V ) which opened at the Theatre Royal , Plymouth in December 1986 . A year later , several more plays ( Richard II , Henry VI : House of Lancaster , Henry VI : House of York and Richard III ) were added to the original productions and were presented as a complete history cycle under the title of The Wars of the Roses . The production toured for two years in seventeen venues in the UK including the Old Vic in London , as well as appearing at several international venues , including the Hong Kong Festival , opening the new Tokyo Globe Theatre , being the centrepiece of The World Theatre Festival of Chicago , and touring to Stamford , Connecticut , the Spoleto Festival , Melbourne , the Adelaide Festival , Brisbane , The Netherlands , Hamburg , Berlin and Frankfurt . In addition to The Wars of the Roses , productions of many individual Shakespeare plays were also presented . They included Twelfth Night , Macbeth , The Tempest , Romeo & Juliet , Antony and Cleopatra and As You Like It . The last production of ROMEO AND JULIET . indeed the closing production ended in Plymouth after touring the world .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2d4eb3568e9cc474653aac86158784fa", "text": "Amora London Amora London was a European touring exhibition dedicated to love , relationships and sexual wellbeing . Covering nine zones , London Amora London was the world 's first visitor attraction dedicated to these themes . The first city toured was London in England , where Amora ran for 15 months starting April 2007 and was located near Piccadilly Circus in Coventry Street , central London . Media reports in the United Kingdom ranging from the BBC in which Amora was titled `` Let 's Talk Sex In The City '' in reference to the HBO series to the much more extrovert reporting of The Sun whose report includes full colour photographs ; and in its online version a video of some of the interactive animatronic exhibits .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9609e48e58803df112558803c4976ea0", "text": "Brighton Brighton -LSB- ˈbraɪtən -RSB- is a seaside resort on the south coast of England . It is part of the ceremonial county of East Sussex , within the historic county of Sussex . Archaeological evidence of settlement in the area dates back to the Bronze Age , Roman and Anglo-Saxon periods . The ancient settlement of `` Brighthelmstone '' was documented in the Domesday Book ( 1086 ) . The town 's importance grew in the Middle Ages as the Old Town developed , but it languished in the early modern period , affected by foreign attacks , storms , a suffering economy and a declining population . Brighton began to attract more visitors following improved road transport to London and becoming a boarding point for boats travelling to France . The town also developed in popularity as a health resort for sea bathing as a purported cure for illnesses . In the Georgian era , Brighton developed as a fashionable seaside resort , encouraged by the patronage of the Prince Regent , later King George IV , who spent much time in the town and constructed the Royal Pavilion in the Regency era . Brighton continued to grow as a major centre of tourism following the arrival of the railways in 1841 , becoming a popular destination for day-trippers from London . Many of the major attractions were built in the Victorian era , including the Grand Hotel , the West Pier , and the Brighton Palace Pier . The town continued to grow into the 20th century , expanding to incorporate more areas into the town 's boundaries before joining the town of Hove to form the unitary authority of Brighton and Hove in 1997 , which was granted city status in 2000 . Brighton 's location has made it a popular destination for tourists , renowned for its diverse communities , quirky shopping areas , large cultural , music and arts scene and its large LGBT population , leading to its reverence as the `` unofficial gay capital of the UK '' . Brighton attracted 7.5 million day visitors in 2015/16 and 4.9 million overnight visitors , and is the most popular seaside destination in the UK for overseas tourists . Brighton has also been called the UK 's `` hippest city '' , and `` the happiest place to live in the UK '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c38475752110aba7f9c31bb6f16d003", "text": "Jules O'Dwyer & Matisse Jules O'Dwyer & Matisse are a British dog dancing act , comprising trainer Jules O'Dwyer , a 48-year-old woman , and her dog Matisse , a male Border Collie . Together they won the ninth series of Britain 's Got Talent in 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "df8318a573f3c729437ec9964e1221d9", "text": "London Boy Singers The London Boy Singers was an English boys ' choir which formed in 1961 . It initially drew its members from the Finchley Children 's Music Group . The choir was started at the suggestion of Benjamin Britten , who was its first president . In the beginning the choir was run by a group of three adults : John Andrewes , who also led the Finchley Children 's Music Group , Rosamund Strode , a musician , singer and later assistant to Britten , and Jonathan Steele , deputy to George Malcolm at Westminster Cathedral . Jonathan Steele soon became the conductor and leader of the London Boy Singers . The choir sang at the Aldeburgh Festival on a number of occasions . It sang in Westminster Abbey in the first London performance of Britten 's War Requiem in 1962 . The group performed at the Royal Albert Hall in 1964 and 1974 . Many of its singers took part in other events , including working with the Royal Opera House ( including Britten 's ' A Midsummer Night 's Dream and the premiere of Aston 's ballet ` The Dream ' , both in 1964 ) , Covent Garden , the English Opera Group ( including a tour of the USSR in 1964 ) and many individual operas and other engagements . The choir sang on a record of Christmas Music for HMV , released in 1965 . It also recorded an EP of songs with the London Jazz Quartet which featured on Juke Box Jury . Britten wrote 12 Apostles : Choral Octavo and The Bitter Withy for the choir and his arrangement of King Herod and the Cock '' was dedicated to it . In 1966 , Britten severed his relationship with the group . Jonathan Steele remained its director into the 1970s . The choir no longer exists .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4294627d5e8d30b9f537d31ea2d49355", "text": "Gloucester cattle Gloucester cattle are a breed of dairy and beef cattle originating from Gloucestershire and surrounding areas in the West Country of England .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "15494b12793ae1e4c2274c02da8a0018", "text": "De Hems De Hems is a café , pub and oyster-house in the Chinatown area of London , England just off Shaftesbury Avenue . It made its name purveying oysters and now sells beers from the Low countries such as Grolsch and Heineken with Dutch food such as bitterballen and frikandellen . It is on the site of the Horse & Dolphin coaching inn which was built in 1685 and had been owned by bare-knuckle boxer Bill ` The Black Terror ' Richmond in the early 19th century . This was rebuilt in 1890 by the accomplished pub architects , Saville and Martin , for the publican , Mr Crimmen . It was renamed The Macclesfield , being in Macclesfield Street , and was soon leased by a retired Dutch sea captain called `` Papa '' De Hem who ran it as an oyster-house , charging a shilling and fourpence ha ` penny for a serving . It was patronised by fin-de-siècle literati such as the poet Swinburne , who travelled 10 miles daily to eat oysters at the long marble bar , and George Sims who wrote a quatrain in praise : The rhyme alludes to the common proverb that it is only safe to eat oysters when there is an R in the name of the month -- after the hot summer months from May to August . The grotto referred to was The Shell Room upstairs , created from the discarded oyster shells which decorated its walls -- some 300,000 at their peak . Only a few now remain but the bar now claims to sell a similar number of pints of Oranjeboom each year . In the early 20th century , literary figures such as Clemence Dane continued to purchase the establishment 's oysters , stout and champagne for their theatrical celebrations . In the 1920s , it became the hangout of gangsters too . When World War I started , patriotic Papa De Hem gave his staff # 50 each to return to their threatened country . During World War II , after Holland actually fell to the German invasion , Dutch resistance exiles then met regularly at the pub which became their unofficial headquarters . Another patron at that time was the notorious spy , Kim Philby , who was friendly with the chef , who wore a tall white hat . In 1959 , it was renamed De Hems in honour of the captain and then , in the 1960s , it became popular with music industry people such as Alan Price , Georgie Fame and Andrew Oldham , manager of the Rolling Stones . At the turn of the new century , the venue hosted a comedy club -- the Oranje Boom-Boom Cabaret -- which included the debut of The Mighty Boosh . In the early 21st century , De Hems was popular as a place to celebrate and follow the successful Dutch football team . During the 2010 World Cup , hundreds of fans had to be turned away and manager Sian Blair had to hire a security staff of seven bouncers for the occasion . The upstairs and downstairs bars each accommodated a hundred cheerful revellers for these big matches . In July 2015 , the venue began hosting a new comedy club , Linde Boom Boom Comedy Night , .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "222ca0acbb4c1b1c1d120d484fd8cc6d", "text": "The Islington The Islington is a live music venue located at 1 Tolpuddle Street , London , England , Prior to new ownership it was called the `` North One '' . It has become a known venue for national and international touring acts . The venue booking schedule has hosted notable performances from Thurston Moore , Jeffrey Lewis -RSB- -RSB- Matthew Caws ( Nada Surf ) -RSB- -RSB- Ethan Johns -RSB- -RSB- Jamie Lawson Sarah Neufeld ( Arcade Fire ) , Ward Thomas The Magic Numbers , Minor Alps , Lisa Mitchell , Whyte Horses , Max Cooke , The High Llamas , Cara Dillon , The Barr Brothers , Jamie Lenman , Ben Taylor and Yasmine Hamdan . The venue has hosted profile book launches from David Hepworth , Paul Morley Hunter Davies , Jon Savage", "title": "" }, { "docid": "80d5cc158b586adc612b4f38c32d1961", "text": "Let Sleeping Dogs... Let Sleeping Dogs ... is an album released under the name The Dogs D'Amour in 2005 . In a similar sense to the previous album ; When Bastards Go to Hell this release differed largely from the band 's more well known material , it is essentially a Tyla solo album , as he recorded all instruments and wrote all of the songs on it .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "471988de30007725fde9ab307a52eab4", "text": "Culture of the United Kingdom The culture of the United Kingdom is influenced by the UK 's history as a developed island country , a liberal democracy and a major power ; its predominantly Christian religious life ; and its composition of four countries -- England , Wales , Scotland and Northern Ireland -- each of which has distinct customs , cultures and symbolism . The wider culture of Europe has also influenced British culture , and Humanism , Protestantism and representative democracy developed from broader Western culture . British literature , music , cinema , art , theatre , comedy , media , television , philosophy , architecture and education are important aspects of British culture . The United Kingdom is also prominent in science and technology , producing world-leading scientists ( e.g. Isaac Newton and Charles Darwin ) and inventions . Sport is an important part of British culture ; numerous sports originated in the country , including football . The UK has been described as a `` cultural superpower '' , and London has been described as a world cultural capital . The Industrial Revolution , which started in the UK , had a profound effect on the socio-economic and cultural conditions of the world . As a result of the British Empire , significant British influence can be observed in the language , law , culture and institutions of a geographically wide assortment of countries , including Australia , Canada , India , the Republic of Ireland , New Zealand , Nigeria , Pakistan , South Africa , the United States and English speaking Caribbean nations . These states are sometimes collectively known as the Anglosphere , and are among Britain 's closest allies . In turn the empire also influenced British culture , particularly British cuisine . The cultures of England , Scotland , Wales and Northern Ireland are diverse and have varying degrees of overlap and distinctiveness .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b324ab915047c8d7759f1cca1e378457", "text": "Hunt Monitors In The United Kingdom ( The U.K. ) , Hunt Monitors endeavour to observe behaviours of organized hunts and undertake information gathering activities , known as hunt monitoring . Hunt monitoring activities are undertaken mainly by private individuals who wish to see The Hunting Act 2004 , passed by The U.K. Parliament , upheld by The U.K. Courts . Hunt monitoring is also carried out by a number of animal welfare organizations in The U.K. . The prime aim of hunt monitors is to facilitate successful prosecution of those who do not hunt within the laws of The U.K. , through gathering evidence of illegal hunting . The Hunting Act 2004 became law , in England and Wales , in February 2005 . It bans hunting with dogs of particular wild mammals , namely : foxes , deer , hare and mink . The ban was achieved through efforts of many campaigners , over almost a century . In recent years , evidence gathering by hunt monitors became central to the long campaign to ban hunting with hounds , as hunt monitors began to use portable video cameras to record hunting activity . Recorded evidence of hunting with dogs , collected by hunt monitors , was shown in the media and to Members of Parliament , and contributed to evidence used to support passage of The Hunting Bill through Parliament . Before the hunting with dogs ban came into force , it was reported that an estimated 50,000 hunt supporters had signed a `` Hunting Declaration '' , pledging that they would break any such anti-hunting law , should it be put onto The Statute Book . Local newspapers were invited to hunting rallies , in order to publicize signings of `` Hunting Declarations '' . In contrast to tackling illegal hare coursing fairly consistently , the police and The Crown Prosecution Services have seemed reluctant to act against organized hunts . Nevertheless , several years after The Hunting Act became law , many members of organized hunts have been taken to court . Members of hunts and a complete hunt , as a corporate body , have been convicted on numerous counts of hunting illegally . The work of hunt monitors has been recognized by Ann Widdecombe , a former Conservative Minister and MP . On 22 March 2007 , Ann Widdecombe , MP led an Adjournment Debate in The U.K. Parliament , where , in The House of Commons , she raised an issue of enforcement of The Hunting Act 2004 . She explained to The House the roles of hunt monitors and the problems which they encounter . She paid tribute to hunt monitors , saying '' ... some of them are extremely brave . '' Later in 2007 , on 31st October , Ann Widdecombe , MP held a reception in Parliament , where she showed film to those present , including representatives of 11 police forces , The Crown Prosecution Service ( CPS ) , The Association of Chief Police Officers ( ACPO ) and Members of Parliament , which demonstrated that the hunting law was being broken , up and down the country . She pointed out that the only people monitoring these activities were groups of hunt monitors . In January 2011 , The Huntsman and a Terrierman of The Fernie Hunt were found guilty of digging a fox out of a sett and , in May 2012 , three members of The Crawley and Horsham Hunt were found guilty of illegal hunting . In August 2012 , two members of The Meynell and South Staffordshire Hunt were found guilty of illegal hunting . The Hunt Master and a Terrierman were each convicted at Derby Magistrates ' Court . In December 2012 , The Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals ( RSPCA ) took out a private prosecution , using evidence collected by several , independent hunt monitors , against Heythrop Hunt Limited . This was a landmark case , as it was the first time that an organized hunt was prosecuted as a corporate body . The Heythrop Hunt , its Huntsman and its Senior Master all pleaded guilty to four charges of illegally hunting a fox . A major reason why some hunts have been prosecuted and convicted successfully is because of the availability of compelling evidence , gathered by hunt monitors , whose footage of certain , organized hunts ' illegal activities has provided important evidence , necessary to bring illegal hunters to justice . Hunt monitors have been subjected to threats , assault , damage to their cars , cameras and radios , as well as verbal abuse , obstruction and intimidation . On 13 February 2013 , Chris Williamson , MP led a debate in The House of Commons , entitled Policing of Violence at Hunts , to highlight , as he put it '' ... the antisocial and criminal behaviour ... '' directed towards hunt monitors by some hunt supporters . In 2014 , The RSPCA commissioned an independent review of its prosecution activity . In the review , Stephen Wooler , CB refers several times to hunt monitors , e.g. , `` The volume of footage available -LSB- taken by hunt monitors -RSB- leaves the objective viewer in no doubt on the balance of probabilities that it is ` business as usual ' for many hunts because enforcement is so difficult . '' While some hunt monitors are employed by organizations and charities , such as The League Against Cruel Sports and International Fund for Animal Welfare , most are private individuals , who are unpaid and self-funded . Some hunt monitors accept donations to support their activities , made through social media sites , such as GoFundMe and Facebook .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5c89350f1db40969f92647e3aeda0675", "text": "The Old Vicarage, Grantchester The Old Vicarage , Grantchester is a ( mainly ) light poem by the English Georgian poet Rupert Brooke ( 1887-1915 ) , written while in Berlin in 1912 . After initially titling the poem `` Home '' and then `` The Sentimental Exile , '' the author eventually chose the name of his occasional residence near Cambridge . One of Brooke 's most famous poems , its references can be overly obscure because of the many specific Cambridge locations and English traditions to which the poem refers . Some have seen it as sentimentally nostalgic , which it is , while others have recognized its satiric and sometimes cruel humor . Using octosyllabics -- a meter often favored by Brooke -- the author writes of Grantchester and other nearby villages in what has been called a seriocomic style . It is very much a poem of `` place , '' the place where Brooke composed the work , Berlin , and the contrast of that German world ( `` Here am I , sweating , sick , and hot '' ) with his home in England . Yet it is more than just the longing of an exile for his home , nostalgically imagined . The landscape of Cambridgeshire is reproduced in the poem , but Brooke , the academic , populates this English world with allusions and references from history and myth . He compares the countryside to a kind of Greek Arcadia , home to nymphs and fauns , and refers to such famous literary figures as Lord Byron , Geoffrey Chaucer , and Tennyson . Homesick for England , a land `` Where men with Splendid Hearts may go , '' it is Grantchester , in particular , that he desires .", "title": "" } ]	fever
645f6d9f728e697b4cccac7ccad80a1f	Chris Evans moved.	[ { "docid": "dd991db2cbd899d6eae1cdecd1e9b738", "text": "Chris Evans (presenter) Christopher James `` Chris '' Evans ( born 1 April 1966 ) is an English presenter , businessman and producer for radio and television . He started his broadcasting career working for Piccadilly Radio , Manchester , as a teenager , before moving to London as a presenter for the BBC 's Greater London Radio and then Channel 4 television , where The Big Breakfast made him a star . Soon he was able to dictate highly favourable terms , allowing him to broadcast on competing radio and TV stations . Slots like the Radio 1 Breakfast Show and TFI Friday provided a mix of celebrity interviews , music and comic games , delivered in an irreverent style that attracted high ratings , though often also generated significant numbers of complaints . By 2000 he was the UK 's highest paid entertainer , according to the Sunday Times Rich List . In 2005 , he started a new career on BBC Radio 2 , hosting the long-running Drivetime programme , before moving in 2010 to host The Chris Evans Breakfast Show every weekday morning . He previously presented The One Show on Fridays between 2010 and 2015 . In 2015 , he signed a three-year deal to lead a new Top Gear line-up . On 23 June 2015 it was confirmed that TFI Friday would return for its seventh series with eight episodes in December 2015 . Evans confirmed that he would also return to present it . It was then revealed that the BBC Top Gear team told Evans he would have to leave TFI Friday after the upcoming series if he intended to stay with Top Gear . On 4 July 2016 Evans announced that he would be stepping down as presenter of Top Gear . As of 2017 he continues to present the popular BBC Radio 2 Breakfast Show .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "1a869af46ee732181aae0811938a4e24", "text": "Calvin Griffith Park Clark Griffith Park or better known as Griffith Park was a stadium in Charlotte , North Carolina , located at 400 Magnolia Avenue in the Dilworth section of town . The park opened in 1941 and held as many as 5,000 people in a covered grandstand which extended from first base to third base . It was primarily used for baseball , and served as the home field for the Charlotte Hornets , the farm team for the Washington Senators from 1937 to 1961 , and Minnesota Twins from 1961 to 1972 , and the Charlotte Orioles , a AA Southern League farm team of the Baltimore Orioles from 1976 to 1987 . After a renovation of the park in 1976 for the O 's , it was ready to host orioles minor league baseball . The park was renamed Jim Crockett Memorial Park in 1977 ( but was mostly called Crockett Park ) , both in honor of the promoter who brought the team , and to distance themselves from the former owners . The park was almost completely burned down on March 16 , 1985 . Investigators determined the fire was set by juveniles . The Crockett family built a 3,000-seat makeshift stadium soon after the fire . However , it was completely exposed to the elements . The O 's attendance fell off over the next 2 seasons , 1986 , and 1987 , because there was no protection for the fans . When the Charlotte O 's last season was over George Shinn bought the team , and the stadium , and renamed it Knights Park . The team was renamed Knights out of a naming contest to distance the similarity between the major league affiliate . The new Charlotte `` Knights '' only played there for their first season in 1988 , and in 1989 , the team switched affiliates to the Chicago Cubs , and moved to the new and much bigger ballpark in Fort Mill SC , the `` Castle '' or Knights Stadium .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a061d372b50d7033921b85ba368d686", "text": "Chris Kluwe Christopher James `` Chris '' Kluwe ( -LSB- ˈkluːi -RSB- born December 24 , 1981 ) is a former American football punter and writer . Kluwe played at Los Alamitos High School in Los Alamitos , California , where he was a 1999 USA Today High School All-American , and then attended the University of California , Los Angeles ( UCLA ) , where he played college football for the UCLA Bruins . He was signed by the Seattle Seahawks as an undrafted free agent in 2005 and played professionally in the National Football League for the Seattle Seahawks , Minnesota Vikings , and Oakland Raiders . Kluwe is widely known for his eight seasons with the Minnesota Vikings , where he set eight individual team records . At the same time , Kluwe became an outspoken advocate on social issues , including same sex marriage and gay rights -- which ultimately led to tension between Kluwe , team owners and coaching staff . Kluwe was released by the Vikings after the 2012 season , signed with the Oakland Raiders prior to the 2013 season , and was subsequently released . Kluwe was unable to catch on with another NFL team and retired from professional football in 2013 . Following his departure from football , he has pursued a writing career , and is a humor columnist for the sports website '' Deadspin .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d8bdb250ed519202f99070a828f92e14", "text": "Chuck Evans (basketball) Charles `` Chuck '' Lee Evans ( born December 12 , 1971 ) is a retired American professional basketball player , and former coach of British team Worcester Wolves . Evans was born in Atlanta , Georgia . A 1.80 m tall point guard , he led the 1994-95 Euroleague in assists with 6.2 per game . At the time he was playing for Russian club CSKA Moscow . Later he played in Germany with the Bayer Giants Leverkusen and Alba Berlin . In 2007 , he signed for British Basketball League side Worcester Wolves , joining the club at the same time as fellow Americans James Life and Anthony Paez . As starting point guard that year , he recorded two triple doubles , in back-to-back home games , and was widely thought of as the best creative point guard in the BBL and received an honourable mention for Player of the Month in March 2008 . At the end of the season , he moved to rival BBL side Everton Tigers , for whom he played for one season before returning to coach Worcester Wolves . He is also writing a regular column for the local newspaper , the Worcester Evening News .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c83231978ac3a9a92c376863cb8dd3b2", "text": "Ceri Evans Ceri Evans ( born 2 October 1963 in Christchurch , New Zealand ) is a former New Zealand association football player who frequently represented his country as a central defender in the 1980s and 90s . Evans attended Oxford University as a Rhodes scholar , where he studied Experimental Psychology and played for Oxford United FC . He is the son of Gwyn Evans who played professionally for Crystal Palace , for Christchurch United and Nelson United in New Zealand and who also became a senior official in the New Zealand Football Association . He currently works as the sports psychologist for the New Zealand Warriors .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "86e9843408bc0e9ef28e91291420cbae", "text": "Ricky Evans (rugby union) Richard Lloyd `` Ricky '' Evans ( born 23 June 1960 ) is a former Welsh international rugby union player .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dd3fb548e317aae13fe9b40042ffca12", "text": "Bill Evans (dancer) Bill Evans is a choreographer , performer , teacher , administrator , writer and movement analyst . More than 250 of Evans ' works have been performed by professional and pre-professional ballet , modern dance and tap dance companies throughout the United States , including his own Bill Evans Dance Company , Repertory Dance Theatre , Concert Dance Company of Boston , Ballet West , Ririe-Woodbury Dance Company , Ruth Page Chicago Ballet , Pacific Northwest Ballet , North Carolina Dance Theater , Stars of American Ballet at Jacob 's Pillow , Chicago Tap Theatre , Rochester City Ballet , FuturPointe Dance and many other companies . He has also created works for companies in Canada , Mexico and New Zealand .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "45da24f16b3c438beb9e654b572f077d", "text": "Evans v United Kingdom Evans v. the United Kingdom was a key case at the European Court of Human Rights . The case outcome could have had a major impact on fertility law , not only within the United Kingdom but also the other Council of Europe countries . Professor John Harris of the University of Manchester told the BBC in September 2002 : `` If the woman ( Natallie Evans ) succeeds in this case then the whole basis upon which the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority has operated thus far will be overturned . Until now , it has operated on the basis that there must be continuing consent between a man and in every stage of the reproductive process . If she ( Ms Evans ) succeeds in this case , then she will have established that the man 's role ends once the egg is fertilised . '' On 10 April 2007 Natallie Evans lost her final appeal at the Grand Chamber of the European Court of Human Rights .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "47eb02b306221bd80b0ac0cb949e5d9d", "text": "Christopher Evans (outlaw) Christopher `` Chris '' Evans ( February 19 , 1847 -- February 9 , 1917 ) , a native of Bells Corners near Ottawa , Canada , was an American farmer and teamster turned outlaw . Evans was accused of robbing the Southern Pacific Railroad in California between 1889 and 1892 . After killing a member of a posse outside his home on the outskirts of Visalia , he fled to the Sierra Nevada mountains with his younger partner , John Sontag . While Evans and Sontag hid out , writers Ambrose Bierce and Joaquin Miller championed their cause in the San Francisco Examiner . The outlaws evaded capture for ten months . They had a shootout with a posse at the Young cabin which resulted in the death of Wilson , the posse leader , and McGinnis , a former friend of Chris Evans . Later , John Sontag was mortally wounded in what is called the Battle of Stone Corral . Evans was himself severely wounded at Stone Corral , having lost an eye and his left arm . He was taken into custody and convicted of murder and sentenced to life in Folsom State Prison in Folsom , California . John Sontag 's younger brother , George Contant , testified against Evans and hence acquired the lifelong hatred of Evans ' family . After Evans served for seventeen years at Folsom , he was paroled in 1911 by Governor Hiram Johnson , a liberal Republican , who had been elected on an anti-Southern Pacific campaign theme . Banished from California , he died in Portland , Oregon , in 1917 , denying to the end that he had ever robbed a train and continuing to assert that he had killed only in self-defense . He also wrote a socialist book which calls for expanded government to check what he viewed as the abuses of the business community . Evans is interred in Portland at Mount Calvary Cemetery . An accomplice to the Evans-Sontag Gang was Ed Morrell , who served fourteen years total in Folsom and San Quentin . Championed by author Jack London , Morrell was pardoned in 1908 and thereafter became a well-known advocate for prison reform . Morris Ankrum and John Smith portrayed Evans and Sontag , respectively , in an episode of the 1955 syndicated television series Stories of the Century , starring and hosted by Jim Davis . Jimmie Dodd of The Mickey Mouse Club appears as a deputy in this episode .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ec7a9e349ab41ed2cd80c8c532e5c0bd", "text": "Reggie Evans Reginald Jamaal `` Reggie '' Evans ( born May 18 , 1980 ) is an American professional basketball player who last played for the Sacramento Kings of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . While limited in his offensive game , Evans is known for his rebounding , tenacity and hustle on the defensive end .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a198a1919f290c086c4119b7b9f11823", "text": "Chris Myers Christopher Patrick `` Chris '' Myers ( born March 28 , 1959 ) is an American sportscaster . A native of Miami , FL with more than 20 years in broadcasting , he has covered premiere events , including the Super Bowl , World Series , NBA Finals , NCAA Final Four , The Masters and U.S. Open ( golf ) , Triple Crown , the Olympics , and the Daytona 500 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "056e2dcd310c0b0b0e26c82cd94e32c5", "text": "Chris Chris is a short form of various names including Christopher , Christian , Christina , Christine , and Christos . Unlike these names , however , it does not indicate the person 's gender although it is much more common for males to have this name than it is for females due to the increased popularity of Chrissy and Christy among younger females . Chris is also used as a name in its own right , although it is not as common . It is the preferred form of the full name of such notable individuals as Chris Tucker and Chris Penn. . To find an article about one of these people , see List of all pages beginning with `` Chris '' . The word is also part of phrases , including Tropical Storm Chris , Ruth 's Chris Steak House , and many more which refer to notable people , places , and things . For a list of these , see .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eb8cec316568eccb99e8519e44211b22", "text": "Eric Evans (priest) Thomas Eric Evans KCVO ( 1 February 1928 -- 17 August 1996 ) was Dean of St Paul 's from 1988 until his death eight years later . Evans was educated at St Catharine 's College , Cambridge , ordained in 1954 and began his ordained ministry with curacies in Margate and Bournemouth . After this he was youth chaplain for the Diocese of Gloucester and then the Archdeacon of Cheltenham .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b81f656f334a18a429a41da3b88548a9", "text": "Patrice Evans Patrice Evans is an American writer and satirist , and author of Negropedia : The Assimilated Negro 's Crash Course on the Modern Black Experience . Evans also writes under the pen-name `` The Assimilated Negro . '' He is currently a staff writer for Grantland.com . Evans was born March 2 , 1976 , in the Bronx , New York . He went to prep schools Choate Rosemary Hall and Pomfret School , and attended Trinity College in Hartford , CT. . He lives in New York City .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d5db23403983ff3e10b4faeee51720c4", "text": "Neil Evans (presenter) Neil Evans was an Australian football ( soccer ) commentator appearing on the Australian Fox Sports network . Evans in particular used to host the program Total Football , with Robbie Slater which focuses on Australian Soccer including the Socceroos and the A-League . Evans no longer presented for FOX Sports once Simon Hill was brought over from SBS Australia . Hill is now the regular Total Football presenter and has also taken over Evans ' role as a match day commentator for the A-League . Evans was media chief for Centrebet , an Australian bookmaker , and is also a popular after-dinner speaker . Neil 's nickname is `` Wood Duck '' . He has also managed to become a ` political analyst ' in the eyes of the Sydney Morning Herald .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8fbc782bae1876794b32ad71b50cdaa7", "text": "Caleb Evans Caleb Evans ( 25 July 1831 -- 16 September 1886 ) , was an English geologist . Evans , born on 25 July 1831 , was educated under Professor Key at University College School . The death of his father compelled him to leave school at an early age , and in 1846 he began work in a solicitor 's office . In 1852 Evans was appointed a clerk in the chancery pay office , a post he held until 1882 , when his health enforced his retirement . He never married ; his residence was at Hampstead , where he lived with his brother and sisters . Evans commenced the study of geology by attending lectures delivered in 1855 by Professor Owen and Dr. Melville . In 1858 he began to collect fossils from the tertiary formations of the south of England , and formed during the next twenty-five years very complete sets illustrating the strata of the London district . He also investigated the strata of the Isle of Wight , Lyme Regis , Weymouth , Swanage , and Portsmouth . In 1857 Evans took part in founding the Geologists ' Association of London , of which he was for many years one of the most active members , and in 1867 he was elected a fellow of the Geological Society . He was fortunate in being able to take advantage of the operations in connection with the main drainage works in the south of London , which afforded opportunities for collecting fossils never likely to recur . He secured suites of specimens of fossil shells of great interest and rarity . Evans also did excellent work in studying the chalk . He made large collections of its fossils , and his paper ` On some Sections of Chalk between Croydon and Oxted , ' read to the Geologists ' Association in January 1870 , marks the first English attempt to divide this immensely thick mass of pure white limestone into several zones , and to correlate these zones with those that continental geologists had already established . Altogether Evans was the author of eleven papers on geological subjects , eight of which appeared in the ` Proceedings ' of the Geologists ' Association , including the paper on the chalk mentioned above , along with `` Geology of the neighbourhood of Portsmouth and Ryde '' . His other work included sketch of the geology of Faringdon in the ` Geologist ' for August 1866 , and ` Mill Hill in former Ages , ' written for the Mill Hill Magazine . Many of Evans 's papers were also published separately . Evans constructed several geological models or relief maps , his method being to paste layer upon layer of cartridge paper so as to secure the necessary elevations , and then to colour the whole according to the outcrop of the rocks . His models of the valley of the Thames near London , of a part of the same on a larger scale , and one of the whole of England , were passed to H. J. Lister of Eldon Road , Hampstead after Evans ' death ; a map or model of the country round Hastings is in the possession of the corporation of that town ; he also constructed a model of the neighbourhood of Sidmouth . Evans 's extensive collections of fossils were purchased by Mr. Ernest Westlake of Fordingbridge . Evans died on 16 September 1886 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "40018b2dcf3cfbbb3a39a9c3572d1e1a", "text": "Bob Evans (restaurateur) Robert Lewis `` Bob '' Evans ( May 30 , 1918 -- June 21 , 2007 ) was an American restaurateur and marketer of pork sausage products . He founded a restaurant chain bearing his name . The company also owns Owens Country Sausage .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7ef99af5c43b02f066eee6ed1bd7173a", "text": "Mike Evans (journalist) Michael David Evans ( born June 30 , 1947 ) is an author , journalist , commentator and the head of several international non-profit organizations in the U.S. and Netherlands . Evans is also a Christian Zionist . Evans has written 42 books and has provided analysis and commentary on Middle East affairs for a variety of media . He has appeared on network television and radio shows . His op-eds have been published in The Washington Times , The Jerusalem Post and others . He founded and serves as head of a number of politically conservative Christian organizations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f60409ebbd9cc8dd6b84d2167991f223", "text": "Chris Webber Mayce Edward Christopher `` Chris '' Webber III ( born March 1 , 1973 ) is an American retired professional basketball player . He is a five-time NBA All-Star , a five-time All-NBA Team member , a former NBA Rookie of the Year , and a former number one overall NBA draftee . As a collegiate athlete , he was a first-team All-American and led the Michigan Wolverines ' 1991 incoming freshman class known as the Fab Five that reached the 1992 and 1993 NCAA Men 's Division I Basketball Championship games as freshmen and sophomores . However , Webber was indicted by a federal grand jury and stripped of his All-American honors by the NCAA as a result of his direct involvement in the Ed Martin scandal . He is also a former National High School Basketball Player of the Year who led his high school Detroit Country Day to three Michigan State High School Basketball Championships . He also played middle school basketball at Riverside Middle School at Dearborn Heights , Michigan where he won a city championship there in 1986 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "edfb557ef965c31396571d3c467c1055", "text": "Kevin Mitchell (musician) Kevin Edward Mitchell , also known by the stage name of Bob Evans ( born 1 October 1977 ) , is an Australian singer-songwriter ; Mitchell uses the moniker for his primary solo project . He is also the founding lead vocalist and rhythm guitarist of the alternative rock band Jebediah , which was formed in 1994 and features his older brother Brett Mitchell , who joined on drums before the group 's first performance . Jebediah released five studio albums between 1997 and 2011 , the first three of which entered the top ten on the ARIA Albums Chart . Mitchell commenced performing as a folk pop artist under the name `` Bob Evans '' in 1999 to showcase `` quieter '' songs that were influenced by music that was different from the primary sound of Jebediah , and he deliberately chose a stage name that would distinguish him from his band . His most successful solo album Suburban Songbook , which was released on 10 June 2006 , peaked at No. 15 , and his next two solo albums Goodnight , Bull Creek ! ( 3 April 2009 ) and Familiar Stranger ( 15 March 2013 ) reached the top 40 . As of December 2016 , Mitchell has released five Bob Evans studio albums , and he launched the Good Evans , It 's A Bobcast ! podcast in May 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d63eda468a36eb1d38092eeafdce42dd", "text": "Chris Hill (DJ) Chris Hill is a British disc jockey . He worked at the club Lacy Lady in Ilford , as well as at the Goldmine Canvey Island . He was the head of the ` Soul Mafia ' in London and the South East of England into the early 1980s . In 1975 he released a `` break-in '' novelty record , in the style of Dickie Goodman , called `` Renta Santa '' , which became a hit single in the UK during the Christmas season . The record peaked at # 10 on the UK Singles Chart in December of that year . The following year , he released `` Bionic Santa '' , cut in a similar style ; this record also peaked at # 10 in December 1976 . Both tracks , which included snippets of other hits of the time , were released by Philips Records . During the '70s working with Havering council he promoted a series of concerts at the Upminster New Windmill Hall , although a very small venue he attracted acts like Thin Lizzy , Roxy Music and The Pretenders . Roxy Music had just released Virginia Plain and their performance coincided with it climbing the charts . Chris was keen to use local bands as support including Castle farm and After the Fire who went on to become moderately successful in the United States . His final release , `` Disco Santa '' , again in the same style , at Christmas 1978 , failed to chart . Hill remains a DJ and until 2011 ran the Lacy Lady in Ilford . Hill also has a major involvement in the Caister Soul Weekenders with his longtime event collaborator and music promoter Brian Rix . Having completed a second stint back on Canvey 's Goldmine in the early 80 's , Chris decided to quit the club scene in 1985 and concentrate on his Ensign duties with a young Irish singer called Sinead O Connor whom he had recently discovered . In 1987 he was offered a weekend job in Hamburg on Radio 107 and created the enormously successful SoulBeat , which made him a huge celebrity in Germany . When Sineads worldwide hit `` Nothing Compares to U '' happened in 1989 , Chris looked set for a quiet retirement from club life , until fellow DJ Gary Dennis suggested he return to his old Essex roots . Re-opening The Lacy Lady at The Kings , Ilford , they set about rebuilding a scene that had all but collapsed under the attack of rave , house and every other dance craze .", "title": "" } ]	fever
80cd3a057aa4b0dcef106152afbbb09b	Park Soo-young is Joy's name.	[ { "docid": "088ce92da1be4cc7c7927f731ddd32a9", "text": "Joy (entertainer) Park Soo-young ( born September 3 , 1996 ) , known by the stage name Joy , is a South Korean singer and actress . She is a member of the K-pop girl group Red Velvet .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "3a29494e0d5a78c0bff0e9ca8841faca", "text": "Park Si-yeon Park Si-yeon ( born Park Mi-seon on March 29 , 1979 ) is a South Korean actress . She joined the Miss Korea pageant in 2000 , and using that as a springboard to an acting career , she made her acting debut in China in 2004 , appearing in minor roles in several CCTV dramas . In 2005 Park was cast in her first starring role in the Korean drama My Girl , though at the time she was more known for dating actor-singer Eric Mun . As she built her filmography in the following years , Park overcame early criticism of her acting skills and eventually gained respect as an actress in TV series such as La Dolce Vita , Coffee House and The Innocent Man , as well as the films The Fox Family , A Love , and The Scent .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cf7530516d4e61c3900e20594c50100b", "text": "Seojun Seojun ( also spelled Seo-jun , Suh-joon , etc. ) is a Korean masculine given name . The meaning differs based on the hanja used to write each syllable of the name . There are 38 hanja with the reading `` seo '' and 34 hanja with the reading `` jun '' on the South Korean government 's official list of hanja which may be used in given names . It was the second-most popular name for newborn boys in South Korea in 2015 , with 3,422 being given the name . People with this name include : Park Seo-joon ( born 1988 ) , South Korean actor Kim Seo-jun ( born 1989 ) , South Korean footballer", "title": "" }, { "docid": "57705247ce9f2f9491aaafb1a786cb82", "text": "Park Bom Park Bom ( born March 24 , 1984 ) , better known by the mononym Bom , is a South Korean singer . She is best known as a member of the South Korean girl group 2NE1 . The group announced their disbandment on November 25 , 2016 . Park Bom began her musical career in 2006 , featuring on singles released by label-mates Big Bang , Lexy and Masta Wu . In 2009 , she made her debut as a member of 2NE1 as the main vocalist . She has also released two solo singles , `` You and I '' and `` Do n't Cry '' . Both singles reached number one on the Gaon Digital Chart , the national music chart of South Korea . `` You and I '' was also awarded `` Best Digital Single '' at the 2010 Mnet Asian Music Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2e3d3bd3c4d96a13951ab819cfe8a512", "text": "L (South Korean singer) Kim Myung-soo , ( Hangul : 김명수 , born March 13 , 1992 ) better known by his stage name L , is a South Korean singer and actor . He is a member of the boy band Infinite and its sub-group Infinite F.", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d5a94bc7b9b26e84bbe20f52755b0742", "text": "First Lady of South Korea The First Lady of South Korea is the wife of the President of South Korea . During the administration of President Park Chung-hee , his daughter , Park Geun-hye , assumed the duties of First Lady after her mother , Yuk Young-soo , was assassinated .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a73cbaf3e2d3ea24416f8dd8825f1d7b", "text": "Hye-su Hye-su , also spelled Hye-soo , is a Korean feminine given name . Its meaning depends on the hanja used to write each syllable of the name . There are 16 hanja with the reading `` hye '' and 67 hanja with the reading `` su '' on the South Korean government 's official list of hanja which may be registered for use in given names . People with this name include : Kim Hye-soo ( born 1970 ) , South Korean actress Park Hye-soo ( born 1994 ) , South Korean actress Fictional characters with this name include : Yeo Hye-su , in 2001 South Korean film Bungee Jumping of Their Own", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3b804a3b3e75b9063867271b2de1e414", "text": "Seohyun Seo Ju-hyun ( born June 28 , 1991 ) , known professionally as Seohyun , is a South Korean singer and actress . She debuted as a member of girl group Girls ' Generation ( and later its subgroup TTS ) in August 2007 , who went on to be one of the best-selling artists in South Korea and one of South Korea 's most popular girl groups worldwide . Apart from her group 's activities , she has established herself as an actress , notably through her participation in the original and Korean versions of stage musicals including Moon Embracing the Sun , Gone with the Wind and Mamma Mia . She also starred in the drama `` Moon Lovers : Scarlet Heart Ryeo '' . She debuted as a solo artist with her debut mini album , Do n't Say No , on January 17 , 2017 , making her the third Girls ' Generation member to debut as a solo artist .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "97f2adb538f7ad2bcb6ff96afae21baf", "text": "Park Yu-ha Park Yu-ha ( 박유하 , 朴裕河 ; born March 25 , 1957 ) is a professor at the College of Liberal Arts , Sejong University . Her research focuses on Japanese-Korean relations . Her 2013 book Comfort Women of the Empire criticized the Korean interpretation of comfort women as exclusively `` sex slaves '' . A Japanese language version of the book was published in Japan in November 2014 . Nine former comfort women in Nanume-Jip , seeking to ban sales of the book , filed suit in both civil and criminal court , claiming that the scholar had defamed them . In November 2015 , a group of 54 scholars from Japan and the United States issued a statement criticizing South Korean prosecutors for `` suppressing the freedom of scholarship and press . '' On January 25 , 2017 , the 11th criminal division of Seoul Dongbu District Court acquitted professor Park on the charges of defaming the comfort women survivors with her book .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aba922a201978c34eea57f99b5a38177", "text": "Park Jun-hyuk Park Jun-Hyuk ( ; born 11 April 1987 ) is a South Korean footballer who plays as a goalkeeper .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9731e71a57d20ed607c9a3372dd6280b", "text": "Park Mi-sun Park Mi-sun ( born March 10 , 1967 ) is a South Korean comedian and TV host of variety shows , notably Quiz to Change the World , Happy Together - Season 3 , and We Got Married . She also starred in the sitcoms Soonpoong Clinic , Tae-hee , Hye-kyo , Ji-hyun , and All My Love .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "27024ee067bb34c05ce3dde88d5da210", "text": "Park Sung-hee Park Sung-hee ( Hangul : 박성희 ; born 17 February 1975 in Busan , South Korea ) is a retired professional tennis player from South Korea . Park turned pro in 1989 . She won 7 singles and 7 doubles titles on the ITF Circuit . She reached four doubles finals during her career on the WTA Tour . Her best Grand Slam performances came in doubles , reaching the Round of 16 at the 1996 French Open , 1997 Australian Open , and 1998 Australian Open , all partnering Wang Shi-ting . She reached career high rankings of No. 34 in doubles ( in June 1998 ) and No. 57 in singles ( in September 1995 ) . Park played in 34 ties in 9 years for the South Korea Fed Cup team , with a 30-14 record overall and 24-12 in singles , all team records . She retired from the tour in 2000 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ffa7959f33c83b95e3aa93df0c596a84", "text": "Hyung-joo Hyung-joo , also spelled Hyung-ju , is a Korean unisex given name . Its meaning differs based on the hanja used to write each syllable of the name . There are 21 hanja with the reading `` hyung '' and 56 hanja with the reading `` joo '' on the South Korean government 's official list of hanja which may be registered for use in given names . People with this name include : Ha Hyung-joo ( born 1962 ) , South Korean male judo practitioner Kim Hyung-ju ( born 1976 ) , South Korean male judo practitioner Kim Hyung-joo ( born 1985 ) , South Korean female freestyle wrestler Lim Hyung-joo ( born 1986 ) , South Korean operatic pop singer Park Hyung-joo ( born 1995 ) , South Korean male swimmer", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5aa744d1f6e4f15e6ac0189e9dbe8295", "text": "Hyomin Park Sun-young ( born May 30 , 1989 ) , better known by her stage name Hyomin , is a South Korean singer , songwriter and actress . She is a member of South Korean girl group T-ara .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1cf931a90ddfcf4fd997fd405b33381a", "text": "Hyun Jin-young Huh Hyun-seok ( born February 3 , 1971 ) , better known as Hyun Jin-young ( Korean : 현진영 ) , is a South Korean singer , dancer , and rapper . He is known for his role in introducing hip-hop music to Korea .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cab1bf1f5726c3f1efdd1cbc54f10d71", "text": "Park Jin-young Park Jin-young ( born December 13 , 1971 ) , better known by his stage name J. Y. Park or JYP , is a South Korean singer-songwriter , record producer , reality television judge and record executive . Beginning as a singer , he then went behind the scenes as a record producer and eventually a record executive . He is the principal founder and chief executive officer of his own entertainment company JYP Entertainment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d44e1aa3eee906d0c7f036d8a45a1b69", "text": "Two Yoo Project Sugar Man Two Yoo Project - Sugar Man is a 2015 South Korean television program starring Yoo Jae-suk , You Hee-yeol , Kim Eana and Sandara Park . The original 2-episode pilot aired at 22:50 ( KST ) on Wednesday ( August 19 & 26 , 2015 ) under the name Two Yoo Project Searching For Sugar Man . The regular broadcast kicked off beginning October 20 , 2015 , every Tuesday at 22:50 ( KST ) . The idea for the program began with the documentary Searching For Sugar Man , which refers to the 2012 Swedish-British documentary about American musician Sixto Rodriguez , who faded into obscurity in the United States but somehow ended up as a megastar in South Africa . The program revolves around the battle of two teams led by Yoo Jae-suk and Yoo Hee-yeol . Each team will brings back a `` Sugar Man '' : the singer who was a one-hit wonder , but has since disappeared from the public eye . The two teams recreate the old song , `` Sugar Song '' , into new versions which will make them appealing to today 's music market . To relive their glory , the songs will be recreated by each producer from each team with today 's artist , `` Show Man '' , who are slated to change every episode .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "27e7efd59dec4ba6aececfc1d24bc14e", "text": "Park Sang-young Park Sang-young ( -LSB- pak̚.s͈aŋ.jʌŋ -RSB- or -LSB- pak̚ -RSB- -LSB- saŋ.jʌŋ -RSB- born 16 October 1995 ) is a South Korean épée fencer , Individual gold medalist at the 2016 Rio de Janeiro Olympic Games and team silver medallist at the 2014 World Fencing Championships .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "16b9a80c2ba014ccce5e876fade424ac", "text": "Jun-young Jun-young , also spelled Joon-young , is a Korean masculine given name . It was the tenth-most popular name for baby boys in South Korea in 1980 , rising to sixth place by 1990 . Its meaning depends on the hanja used to write each syllable of the name . There are 34 hanja with the reading `` jun '' and 34 hanja with the reading `` young '' on the South Korean government 's official list of hanja which may be registered for use in given names . People with this name include : Kim Jun-young ( born 1951 ) , South Korean economist Lee Jun-young ( born 1982 ) , South Korean football forward Seo Jun-young ( born 1987 ) , South Korean actor Jung Joon-young ( born 1989 ) , South Korean rock singer Moon Jun-young ( born 1989 ) , South Korean singer with boy band ZE : A Yoo Joon-young ( born 1990 ) , South Korean football midfielder Lee Jun-young ( born 1997 ) , South Korean singer/dancer with boy band U-KISS", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e16a1cbf4242a910e7e0ea43eec6362c", "text": "Seo Ji-seok Seo Ji-seok ( ; sometimes romanised as Suh Ji-suk ; born Seo Jong-wook , 서종욱 , 9 September 1981 ) is a South Korean actor . He is known for his role of Park Yoon-hoo in the 167-episode KBS-1 TV daily drama Pure in Heart , a.k.a. Pure 19 , broadcast from 22 May 2006 to 12 January 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d61940558f6baa854cfac3f831b36ac5", "text": "Joy (South African band) Joy was a South African female vocal group , who had a charts-topping hit in South Africa in 1980 with `` Paradise Road '' . The record spent nine weeks at the No. 1 spot , and went on to become considered an unofficial South African anthem . Felicia Marion , Thoko Ndlozi and Anneline Malebo joined forces in 1979 and proceeded to set South African stages alight with colourful and fiery performances . They were very successful in the South African charts as well . Prior to their forming , each singer led a solo career . Thoko Ndlozi had appeared in a couple of Gibson Kente 's productions , Zwi and Sikalo , and had sung with the Uncle Joe Rhythm Cabins . Felicia Marion did backing vocals for Sammy Brown and toured the country with the Sound Black Shows . Anneline Malebo toured with the Rockets and recorded two solo singles : `` Let 's Live Together '' ( 1976 ) and `` Love The Way You Love '' ( 1977 ) . Brenda Fassie sang with Joy for a short period , filling in for Anneline Malebo who was on maternity leave . Joy have supported Lamont Dozier , Timmy Thomas , Clarence Carter and Dobie Gray on their South African tours , and Leo Sayer at Sun City . The trio also held a lengthy singing-recording relationship with Spirits Rejoice . Joy won two SARIE Awards for Best Vocal Group and Best English LP of the Year in 1980 . They broke up in 1983 .", "title": "" } ]	fever
2d42c705a676c3ad8914ca75c7e83a5f	Minions outgrossed each of the Despicable Me films.	[ { "docid": "0a2bb56c54cdc7f4310a2859ce97efe9", "text": "Minions (film) Minions is a 2015 American computer-animated comedy film , serving as a spin-off/prequel to the Despicable Me franchise . Produced by Illumination Entertainment for Universal Pictures , it was directed by Pierre Coffin and Kyle Balda , written by Brian Lynch , and produced by Chris Meledandri and Janet Healy . The film stars the voices of Coffin ( as the Minions , including : Kevin , Stuart and Bob ) , Sandra Bullock , Jon Hamm , Michael Keaton , Allison Janney , Steve Coogan and Jennifer Saunders with the narration provided by Geoffrey Rush . It was first foreshadowed in the end credits of Despicable Me 2 ( 2013 ) , where Kevin , Stuart and Bob , three of the Minions , are seen auditioning for the film . Minions had its premiere on June 11 , 2015 , in Leicester Square , London , and went into general release in the United States on July 10 , 2015 . Critical response was mixed : some critics praised the comedic aspects of the film and the performances of Bullock and Hamm , while also felt that the title characters were not able to carry the film on their own , and that the villains were flatly characterized . The film has grossed over $ 1.1 billion worldwide ( outgrossing each of the Despicable Me films ) , making it the thirteenth highest-grossing film of all time , the second highest-grossing animated film and the highest-grossing non-Disney animated film . A sequel is scheduled to be released on July 3 , 2020 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "e519504249dba82c4d141cd1e40426d7", "text": "The Untouchables of Elliot Mouse The Untouchables of Elliot Mouse is a 26 half-hour television animated series loosely inspired by the real life Eliot Ness , and his group of agents colloquially known as The Untouchables , and their investigation into the real life gangster Al Capone , although ( as with past adaptations ) it does take some liberties with history . The series also parodies the violent atmosphere of Chicago during the Dry Law , as well as the old American films , their heroes and villains . The main characters in this series are four friendly mice : Elliot `` Mouse '' , Gordon , Mr. Wilson , and Jack the Irishman , although there are also some cats and dogs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5f4c32797741a74c1b25fa6d76b95ed", "text": "Toy Story (franchise) Toy Story is a computer animated film series and Disney media franchise that began with the original 1995 film , Toy Story , produced by Pixar Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures . The franchise is based on the anthropomorphic concept that all toys , unknown to humans , are secretly alive , and the films focus on a diverse group of toys that feature a classic cowboy , Sheriff Woody , and modern spaceman , Buzz Lightyear . The group unexpectedly embark on adventures that challenge and change them . The first two films of the franchise were directed by John Lasseter , and the third by Lee Unkrich , who acted as the co-director of the second film ( together with Lasseter and Ash Brannon ) . Lasseter will return to direct the upcoming fourth film . All three films , produced on a total budget of $ 320 million , have grossed more than $ 1.9 billion worldwide . Each film set box office records , with the third included in the top 15 all time worldwide films . Critics have given all three films extremely positive reviews . Special Blu-ray and DVD editions of Toy Story and Toy Story 2 were released on March 23 , 2010 . They were also re-released in theaters as a Disney Digital 3-D `` double feature '' for at least two weeks in October 2009 . The series is the 24th highest-grossing franchise worldwide , the fifth highest-grossing animated franchise ( behind Shrek , Ice Age , Despicable Me and Madagascar ) , and is among the most critically acclaimed trilogies of all time . On November 1 , 2011 , all three Toy Story films were released in Disney Blu-ray 3D as a trilogy pack and as individual films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d30ab7597849321600da8691853e1d1", "text": "Trio (Buffy the Vampire Slayer) The Trio is a group of three fictional characters in the sixth season of Buffy the Vampire Slayer , who serve as the villains of the season . They continually strive to neutralize Buffy , the Slayer , and thus the primary obstacle to their ultimate goal of taking over Sunnydale . Though initially comic relief and little more than a nuisance to the Scooby Gang , they take a darker turn by the episode `` Dead Things '' . Most of their schemes combine science and mysticism , and they are able to avoid detection by the Scoobies ( who merely assume their conducts to be the doings of demons ) until halfway through the season . The Trio was formed by Warren Mears , technology expert ; Andrew Wells , summoner of demons ; and Jonathan Levinson , caster of spells . Jonathan was a long time recurring character , having first appeared in season 2 , and was a friendly acquaintance of the Scooby Gang , and Warren had appeared twice in season 5 . While Andrew had never been seen on the show before , his brother was in `` The Prom '' episode , and Andrew often speaks of the time he summoned flying demon monkeys to the school production of Romeo and Juliet , of which Buffy and the Scoobies have no recollection . The three of them begin season 6 as good friends . Tired of being pushed around , they resolve to combine their expertise and `` take over Sunnydale '' as equal partners . As the stakes rise , the power shifts and Warren gradually dominates the group . Though Jonathan and Andrew lack the malice and hatred of true villains , Warren eventually reveals his true colors as a violent misogynist capable of murder . The Trio is continually thwarted by Buffy , and none of their actions make any name for themselves in Sunnydale 's mystical underground , as revealed in `` Villains '' . The group is ultimately disbanded when , after a face-off with Buffy , Warren flees and leaves Andrew and Jonathan to take the fall with the police .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee5eb2faf688d2bc896dd479902dc004", "text": "Warner Bros. Cartoons Warner Bros. . Cartoons , Inc. was the in-house division of Warner Bros. . Pictures during the Golden Age of American animation . One of the most successful animation studios in American media history , Warner Bros. . Cartoons was primarily responsible for the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies theatrical cartoon short subjects . The characters featured in these cartoons , including Bugs Bunny , Daffy Duck , Porky Pig , Speedy Gonzales , Sylvester and Tweety , Wile E. Coyote and the Road Runner , are among the most famous and recognizable characters in the world . Many of the creative staff members at the studio , including directors and animators such as Chuck Jones , Friz Freleng , Robert McKimson , Tex Avery , Robert Clampett and Frank Tashlin , are considered major figures in the art and history of traditional animation . The Warner animation division was founded in 1933 as Leon Schlesinger Productions , an independent company which produced the popular Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies animated short subjects for release by Warner Bros. . Pictures . In 1944 , Schlesinger sold the studio to Warner Bros. , who continued to operate it as Warner Bros. . Cartoons , Inc. until 1963 . Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies were briefly subcontracted to Freleng 's DePatie-Freleng Enterprises studio from 1964 until 1967 . The Warner Bros. . Cartoons studio briefly re-opened in 1967 before shutting its doors for good two years later . A successor company , Warner Bros. . Animation , was established in 1980 . That company continues to produce Looney Tunes-related works , in addition to television shows and feature films centering on other properties . The classic Warner Bros. animation studio is sometimes referred to as `` Termite Terrace '' , a name given to the temporary headquarters Tex Avery and his animators were assigned to during Avery 's first year as a Looney Tunes director .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "62571959d6cd5ff6fe31d4c515342111", "text": "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (film series) Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles is a film series based on the comic book characters of the same name created by Kevin Eastman and Peter Laird . The first film in the series , titled Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles , was released in 1990 at the height of the franchise 's popularity and was a commercial success . The success of the film garnered two direct sequels , respectively released in 1991 and 1993 , and a CGI animated film in 2007 billed as TMNT building on the success of the 2003 -- 09 TV series . The series was rebooted in a new film made by Paramount Pictures and Nickelodeon Movies , released on August 8 , 2014 . The sequel was released on June 3 , 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4c7609f939afa1e742761f2448e22d1", "text": "Mr. Cranky Mr. Cranky , a satirical film critic , was created in 1995 by Jason Katzman and Hans Bjordahl . The Cranky personae premises that all movies are terrible ; at issue , solely , is the severity of pain , insult , discomfort or idiocy projected , injected , ingested , subjected or otherwise presented . There are no good films in the Cranky pantheon ; only films which inflict greater or lesser suffering . Subtextually , the Mr. Cranky website is a comment on an uncritical film-reviewing culture . In contrast to boilerplate , overly effusive reviews -- often including declarations that incorporate a film 's theme or title in a pun or play-on-words -- the Cranky review is received on the originality of its portrayal of physical suffering and mental anguish effected by the viewing experience . The movies are rated on a six-step scale , with the least bad ( i.e. best ) film receiving one `` bomb . '' Films that cause greater suffering receive additional `` bombs . '' ( Up to four . ) Movies deemed particularly offensive receive a Dynamite or `` Boomstick '' rating . The worst films ( i.e. those Cranky has marked as irredeemable -- `` Proof that Jesus died in vain '' in classic Cranky vernacular ) receive the Animated Atomic Explosion or `` Kaboom ! '' rating . In October 2001 , a `` guest reviewer '' named Mr. Smiley appeared . A post-modern reflection of the Cranky character 's anti-reviews , Mr. Smiley is a mirror opposite of the Mr. Cranky personae : all reviews are hyperbolically positive . Mr. Smiley is a stereotypical smiley face smelling a pink Freesia flower , appearing every year near Halloween . Consistent with the theme , the Smiley character has a rising five-step scale going from one smiley face to the `` Prozacerrific ! '' Happy Pill . Consistent with other 20th-century artists including the post World War I Dadaists ( Absurdists ) and post-modern anti-art of the 1960s -- best embodied by Warhol 's `` pop art '' works and Lichenstein 's self-portraits -- Mr. Smilely was an effective ironic tool used to comment on the deficiencies of uncritical analysis and review .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a5034a6f9e7bc9dde828eed076e222bb", "text": "Marilyn Manson discography American industrial metal band Marilyn Manson has released nine studio albums , one live album , one compilation album , two EPs , twenty-four singles , nine promo singles , five DVDs , and thirty-four music videos . After forming in 1989 and signing a contract with Nothing Records and Interscope in 1993 , the band released their first studio album , Portrait of an American Family ( 1994 ) . Although initially not a commercial success , the album would eventually be certified gold by the RIAA for shipments in excess of 500,000 copies . Spurred by their hit single -- a version of the Eurythmics 's `` Sweet Dreams ( Are Made of This ) '' -- the band 's first EP , Smells Like Children ( 1995 ) , became a commercial success , selling over a million copies in the US alone . In 1996 , the band released their second studio album , Antichrist Superstar , which reached No. 3 on the Billboard 200 and has sold over 1.9 million copies in the US . The album went on to sell over 7 million copies worldwide , and was supported by the release of 1997 's Remix & Repent EP . Their third studio album , Mechanical Animals ( 1998 ) , was a commercial and critical success , reaching No. 1 on the Billboard 200 , as well topping the charts in as Australia and Canada . Mechanical Animals was later followed by their first live album , The Last Tour on Earth ( 1999 ) , which included the promotional single `` Astonishing Panorama of the Endtimes '' . In 2000 , the band released Holy Wood ( In the Shadow of the Valley of Death ) , which managed to sell more than 9 million copies worldwide . Their fifth studio album , The Golden Age of Grotesque ( 2003 ) , was a modest commercial success in their native US , debuting at No. 1 with sales of 118,000 copies . As of November 2008 , the album has sold 526,000 copies in the US . In contrast , the album was , by far , Manson 's most successful internationally , peaking within the top five in most of the major European markets . Their sixth album , Eat Me , Drink Me , was released in 2007 and debuted at No. 8 on the Billboard 200 . The High End of Low ( 2009 ) , reached No. 4 on both the US and Canadian album charts , but was their last album released by Interscope . After signing a deal with Cooking Vinyl , the band released Born Villain in 2012 . Their ninth studio album , The Pale Emperor , was released on January 20 , 2015 , debuting at No. 8 in the US with their highest first week sales since Eat Me , Drink Me in 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2eb6c4391d6099a4480c69d005447066", "text": "Kung Fu Panda 2 Kung Fu Panda 2 is a 2011 3D American computer-animated comedy-drama martial arts film , directed by Jennifer Yuh Nelson , produced by DreamWorks Animation , and distributed by Paramount Pictures . It is the sequel to the 2008 film Kung Fu Panda and the second installment in the Kung Fu Panda franchise . Jack Black , Angelina Jolie , Dustin Hoffman , Seth Rogen , Lucy Liu , David Cross , James Hong , and Jackie Chan reprise their character roles from the original film . They are joined by Gary Oldman , Michelle Yeoh and Danny McBride . In the film , Po and the Furious Five battle an evil peacock named Lord Shen who has a powerful weapon that he plans to conquer China with . However Po discovers a terrifying secret about his past in the process . The film was released in theatres May 26 , 2011 in Real D 3D and Digital 3D . Kung Fu Panda 2 grossed $ 665 million worldwide against its $ 150 million budget . The film was the highest-grossing animated feature film of the year and was nominated for the 2011 Academy Award for Best Animated Feature at the 84th Academy Awards . A sequel , titled Kung Fu Panda 3 , and directed by Jennifer Yuh Nelson and Alessandro Carloni , was released on January 29 , 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8647b2eb8a26e412ed44ffe47fcb933d", "text": "Alien (film) Alien is a 1979 British-American science-fiction horror film directed by Ridley Scott , and starring Sigourney Weaver , Tom Skerritt , Veronica Cartwright , Harry Dean Stanton , John Hurt , Ian Holm and Yaphet Kotto . The film 's title refers to a highly aggressive extraterrestrial creature that stalks and kills the crew of a spaceship . Dan O'Bannon wrote the screenplay from a story he wrote with Ronald Shusett , drawing influence from previous works of science fiction and horror . The film was produced by Gordon Carroll , David Giler and Walter Hill through their Brandywine Productions and distributed by 20th Century Fox . Giler and Hill made revisions and additions to the script . Shusett was executive producer . The eponymous Alien and its accompanying elements were designed by Swiss artist H. R. Giger , while concept artists Ron Cobb and Chris Foss designed the human aspects of the film . Alien launched the Alien franchise and is chronologically the first of the main series , with the prequel series set in an earlier timeframe . Alien received both critical acclaim and box office success , receiving an Academy Award for Best Visual Effects , Saturn Awards for Best Science Fiction Film , Best Direction for Scott , and Best Supporting Actress for Cartwright , and a Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation , along with numerous other award nominations . It has remained highly praised in subsequent decades , being considered one of the greatest films of all time . In 2002 , the film was deemed `` culturally , historically or aesthetically significant '' by the Library of Congress and was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry . In 2008 , it was ranked as the seventh-best film in the science fiction genre by the American Film Institute , and as the 33rd greatest film of all time by Empire magazine . The success of Alien spawned a media franchise of novels , comic books , video games , and toys . It also launched Weaver 's acting career by providing her with her first lead role , and the story of her character Ellen Ripley 's encounters with the Alien creatures became the thematic thread that ran through the sequels Aliens ( 1986 ) , Alien 3 ( 1992 ) and Alien : Resurrection ( 1997 ) . , a crossover with the Predator franchise produced the Alien vs. Predator series , which includes Alien vs. Predator ( 2004 ) and Aliens vs. Predator : Requiem ( 2007 ) , and also a prequel series of films , which includes Prometheus ( 2012 ) and Alien : Covenant ( 2017 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d07acedbe2d06cb0cb10eca8c97004a4", "text": "Megadeus is the name given to the giant robots and monsters of The Big O anime series . Forty years prior to the events of the series , the world was turned into a vast desert wasteland and the survivors were left without memories . The megadeuses are portrayed as remnants of the previous civilization , a lost technology few citizens of Paradigm know how to control . The word is a blend of the Greek mega - , meaning `` Great '' , and the Latin deus , meaning `` god '' . The pilot of a `` Big '' megadeus is a , taken from Latin . The robots were designed by series creator Keiichi Sato , who also designed the Mazinger mechas featured on the Mazinkaiser OVA and the mutant creatures of The SoulTaker TV series . The designs are strange and `` more macho than practical . '' Unlike the giants of other robot anime , the megadeuses do not exhibit ninja-like speed nor grace or possess voice-activated special attacks ; but for what they lack in agility , they more than make-up in firepower and protection . The robots come armed with weaponry like missiles , piston powered punches , machine guns , and laser cannons . The nature of the megadeuses is tied to the event forty years prior . In the final episode of the first season , Roger Smith has a flashback in the form of a nightmare : an army of `` Big '' megadeuses burn down the city as a group of bald children look on . In the second season premiere , he experiences a lucid dream of a town without domes , where its citizens have not forgotten who they are and megadeuses are nowhere to be found . In the final episode , he gets another burst of memories : the city stands in ruins and multiple `` Big '' megadeuses fight amongst themselves while a winged giant oversees the onslaught . In the tradition of Japanese monster movies , The Big O features monsters modeled after conventional or mythological creatures . The series follows the `` villain of the week '' formula , meaning the protagonist is hired to do a job and by episode 's end he must battle a monster using a giant robot of his own . Given the series ' style , for some critics the robot battles seem out of place , while others praise the `` over-the-top-ness '' of their execution . The term `` megadeus '' is officially used to refer to all giant robots and monsters seen in the series , though the term is often used to refer solely to the four `` Big '' robots . The `` Bigs '' are unique among the other megadeuses in that they are implied to be at least semi-sentient and have the ability to judge a person 's worthiness to be a pilot through the phrase `` Cast in the Name of God , '' then a declaration of either `` Ye Not Guilty '' or `` Ye Guilty . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a555543bd4385eb8516cdf76fa407514", "text": "Miramax Miramax ( also known as Miramax Films , stylized as MIRAMAX ) is an American entertainment company known for producing and distributing films and television shows . It is headquartered in Santa Monica , California . Miramax was founded in 1979 by Bob and Harvey Weinstein , and was a leading independent film motion picture distribution and production company before it was acquired by the Walt Disney Company on June 30 , 1993 . Shortly thereafter , Pulp Fiction was released . The Weinsteins operated Miramax with more creative and financial independence than any other division of Disney , until September 30 , 2005 when they decided to leave the company and founded The Weinstein Company . Miramax was sold by Disney to Filmyard Holdings , a joint venture of Colony Capital , Tutor-Saliba Corporation , and Qatar Investment Authority , in 2010 , ending Disney 's 17-year ownership of the studio . In 2016 , ownership was transferred to beIN Media Group .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d5d28db97be6489e8a4e0068e177aff0", "text": "List of live-action puppet films Only films in which all the characters are represented by puppets should be listed here . For animated films featuring puppets , see List of stop-motion films . Thunderbirds Are GO ( 1966 ) - UK Thunderbird 6 ( 1968 ) - UK The Muppet Movie ( 1979 ) - USA The Dark Crystal ( 1982 ) - USA/UK The Great Muppet Caper ( 1982 ) - USA The Muppets Take Manhattan ( 1984 ) - USA Gremlins ( 1984 ) - USA Sesame Street Presents Follow That Bird ( 1985 ) - USA Labyrinth ( 1986 ) - USA Superstar : The Karen Carpenter Story ( 1987 ) - USA Meet the Feebles ( 1989 ) - New Zealand Gremlins 2 : The New Batch ( 1990 ) - USA The Muppet Christmas Carol ( 1992 ) - USA Muppet Treasure Island ( 1996 ) - USA The Adventures of Elmo in Grouchland ( 1999 ) - USA Muppets from Space ( 1999 ) - USA Legend of the Sacred Stone ( 2000 ) - Taiwan Strings ( 2004 ) - Denmark/Norway/Sweden / UK Team America : World Police ( 2004 ) - USA Dante 's Inferno ( 2007 ) - USA 31 minutos , la película ( 2008 ) - Chile/Brazil/Spain Play ! ( 2008 , short film ) The Muppets ( 2011 ) - USA The Fuzz ( 2013 ) - USA Muppets Most Wanted ( 2014 ) - USA Lessons Learned ( 2014 , short film ) - USA Scooby-Doo ! Adventures : The Mystery Map ( 2014 ) - USA", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e1562e3e2ba348de668f39a050d4889", "text": "Japan Academy Prize for Outstanding Foreign Language Film Every year since its inception , the Japanese Academy has recognized an outstanding foreign film . The year that any given film is nominated is not based on the film 's domestic release date but rather on the date it is released in Japan . As delays of over four months are not uncommon , many films are nominated in Japan the following year after their release to the Japanese market ( i.e. Million Dollar Baby won the American Academy Award for Best Picture for films made in 2004 , but the Japanese award , based on its localized release date , is for 2005 ) . In fact , not one of the five films nominated for the 2007 Academy Award for Best Picture had been released in Japan by February 15 , 2008 , the date of the Japan Academy Prize Ceremony . Although the 2007 recipient of this award , Letters from Iwo Jima , a film almost entirely in Japanese , would not seem to meet the qualification of a `` Foreign Language Film '' , the actual Japanese title of the award , 最優秀外国作品賞 makes no mention of language . It would be more accurately translated as `` Best Foreign Production '' . 2017 - Sully The Martian Zootopia Star Wars : The Force Awakens The Revenant 2016 - American Sniper Kingsman : The Secret Service Mad Max : Fury Road Spectre Whiplash 2015 - Frozen Interstellar Jersey Boys Fury Godzilla 2014 - Les Misérables 3 Idiots Captain Phillips Django Unchained Gravity 2013 - The Intouchables Argo The Dark Knight Rises The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo Skyfall 2012 - The King 's Speech Rise of the Planet of the Apes Moneyball The Social Network Black Swan 2011 - Avatar Inception Toy Story 3 Invictus The Hurt Locker 2010 - Gran Torino Slumdog Millionaire Changeling The Wrestler Red Cliff Part II 2009 - The Dark Knight The Bucket List No Country for Old Men Lust , Caution Red Cliff Part I 2008 - Letters from Iwo Jima Dreamgirls Babel Hairspray The Bourne Ultimatum 2007 - Flags of Our Fathers Crash Hotel Rwanda Pirates of the Caribbean : Dead Man 's Chest The Da Vinci Code 2006 - Million Dollar Baby Cinderella Man Charlie and the Chocolate Factory The Phantom of the Opera Star Wars : Episode III -- Revenge of the Sith 2005 - The Last Samurai The Lord of the Rings : The Return of the King Mystic River Seabiscuit Troy 2004 - The Pianist Chicago The Hours The Lord of the Rings : The Two Towers Yeopgijeogin geunyeo 2003 - Monster 's Ball Gangs of New York Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets I Am Sam The Lord of the Rings : The Fellowship of the Ring 2002 - Billy Elliot Artificial Intelligence : AI Chocolat Harry Potter and the Philosopher 's Stone Postmen in the Mountains 2001 - Dancer in the Dark American Beauty Gladiator The Green Mile Swiri 2000 - The Sixth Sense Elizabeth The Matrix Shakespeare in Love La Vita è bella 1999 - L.A. Confidential Armageddon As Good as It Gets Good Will Hunting Saving Private Ryan 1998 - Titanic The English Patient Shine Air Force One Seven Years in Tibet1997 - Il Postino Independence Day Mission : Impossible Se7en 12 Monkeys1996 - The Shawshank Redemption Apollo 13 The Bridges of Madison County Forrest Gump Léon 1995 - Schindler 's List The Piano Pulp Fiction Speed True Lies 1994 - Jurassic Park Cliffhanger The Fugitive Heaven & Earth Unforgiven 1993 - JFK The Lover Basic Instinct The Bodyguard A League of Their Own 1992 - Dances with Wolves Awakenings Nikita The Silence of the Lambs Terminator 2 : Judgment Day 1991 - Field of Dreams Die Hard 2 Ghost Cinema Paradiso Total Recall 1990 - Die Hard Black Rain Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade Major League Rain Man 1989 - The Last Emperor Fatal Attraction Full Metal Jacket Moonstruck Wall Street 1988 - Platoon Hannah and Her Sisters Stand By Me Top Gun The Untouchables 1987 - Back to the Future Aliens A Chorus Line The Color Purple Out of Africa 1986 - Amadeus The Cotton Club The Killing Fields A Passage to India Witness 1985 - Once Upon a Time in America Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom The Natural The Right Stuff Terms of Endearment 1984 - An Officer and a Gentleman The Woman Next DoorFlashdanceGandhiSophie 's Choice1983 - E.T. the Extra-TerrestrialDas BootChariots of FireOn Golden PondRocky III1982 - Die BlechtrommelBeing ThereThe Elephant ManOrdinary PeopleLes Uns et les Autres1981 - Kramer vs. KramerAll That JazzApocalypse NowManhattanTess1980 - The Deer HunterThe Tree of Wooden ClogsBig WednesdayThe ChampThe Travelling Players1979 - Conversation PieceClose Encounters of the Third KindThe Goodbye GirlStar Wars Episode IV : A New HopeThe Turning Point1978 - RockyThe Fire WithinNetworkSlap ShotVoyage of the Damned ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "98a2079b0b44e245effbe1b6f948c6ba", "text": "Machinima Machinima ( -LSB- məˈʃiːnᵻmə -RSB- or -LSB- məˈʃɪnᵻmə -RSB- ) is the use of real-time computer graphics engines to create a cinematic production . Most often video games are used to generate the computer animation . Machinima-based artists , sometimes called machinimists or machinimators , are often fan laborers , by virtue of their re-use of copyrighted materials ( see below ) . Machinima offers to provide an archive of gaming performance and access to the look and feel of software and hardware that may already have become unavailable or even obsolete ; for game studies , `` Machinima 's gestures grant access to gaming 's historical conditions of possibility and how machinima offers links to a comparative horizon that informs , changes , and fully participates in videogame culture . '' The practice of using graphics engines from video games arose from the animated software introductions of the 1980s demoscene , Disney Interactive Studios ' 1992 video game Stunt Island , and 1990s recordings of gameplay in first-person shooter ( FPS ) video games , such as id Software 's Doom and Quake . Originally , these recordings documented speedruns -- attempts to complete a level as quickly as possible -- and multiplayer matches . The addition of storylines to these films created `` Quake movies '' . The more general term machinima , a portmanteau of machine cinema , arose when the concept spread beyond the Quake series to other games and software . After this generalization , machinima appeared in mainstream media , including television series and advertisements . Machinima has advantages and disadvantages when compared to other styles of filmmaking . Its relative simplicity over traditional frame-based animation limits control and range of expression . Its real-time nature favors speed , cost saving , and flexibility over the higher quality of pre-rendered computer animation . Virtual acting is less expensive , dangerous , and physically restricted than live action . Machinima can be filmed by relying on in-game artificial intelligence ( AI ) or by controlling characters and cameras through digital puppetry . Scenes can be precisely scripted , and can be manipulated during post-production using video editing techniques . Editing , custom software , and creative cinematography may address technical limitations . Game companies have provided software for and have encouraged machinima , but the widespread use of digital assets from copyrighted games has resulted in complex , unresolved legal issues . Machinima productions can remain close to their gaming roots and feature stunts or other portrayals of gameplay . Popular genres include dance videos , comedy , and drama . Alternatively , some filmmakers attempt to stretch the boundaries of the rendering engines or to mask the original 3-D context . The Academy of Machinima Arts & Sciences ( AMAS ) , a non-profit organization dedicated to promoting machinima , recognizes exemplary productions through Mackie awards given at its annual Machinima Film Festival . Some general film festivals accept machinima , and game companies , such as Epic Games , Blizzard Entertainment and Jagex , have sponsored contests involving it .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1734ac75e0a5128f0ae5594272869571", "text": "Monster Cable Monster Inc. is an American company that manufactures and markets 6,000 different products , but is best known for audio and video cables . It also produces speakers , headphones , power strips , mobile accessories and audio devices for automobiles . The company was founded by an audiophile and engineer , Noel Lee , in 1979 by experimenting with different ways to build audio cables . It grew by doing demonstrations to convince the industry that audio cables made a difference in audio quality and by establishing relationships with retailers that were attracted to the cable 's profit margins . Over the years it created new divisions like Monster Music , Monster Game , Monster Mobile , Monster Photo and Monster Power . In the 2000s , Monster had legal trademark disputes regarding other companies or products that have `` Monster '' in their name , such as Monster.com and the film Monsters , Inc. . Monster said it needed to defend its premium brand , while critics said it was pursuing litigation against companies that do not have confusingly similar products . It began manufacturing headphones in a partnership with Dr. Dre in 2008 , which ended in 2012 , and it created other celebrity branded or Monster-branded headphone products . Several tests done by audiophile publications , news reporters and academics have conflicting viewpoints on whether more expensive audio or video cables like those from Monster make a difference in audio or video quality when compared to generic cables . Instead of advertising , Monster offers incentives to retailers and their salespeople to sell the cables . Retailers bundle high profit-margin cables with larger purchases that have smaller margins in order to improve profitability .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c3ec9d899eca67259ed9f51856f87b4f", "text": "Academy Award for Best Animated Feature The Academy Awards are given each year by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS or the Academy ) for the best films and achievements of the previous year . The Academy Award for Best Animated Feature is given each year for animated films . An animated feature is defined by the Academy as a film with a running time of more than 40 minutes in which characters ' performances are created using a frame-by-frame technique , a significant number of the major characters are animated , and animation figures in no less than 75 percent of the running time . The Academy Award for Best Animated Feature was first given for films made in 2001 . Through the 89th Academy Awards , presented in 2017 , Academy Award nominations in this category were made by the Academy 's animation section ; effective with the 2018 awards , all Academy members will be eligible to vote on nominations . The entire AMPAS membership has been eligible to choose the winner since the award 's inception . If there are sixteen or more films submitted for the category , the winner is voted from a shortlist of five films , which has happened six times , otherwise there will only be three films on the shortlist . Additionally , eight eligible animated features must have been theatrically released in Los Angeles County within the calendar year for this category to be activated . Animated films can be nominated for other categories , but have rarely been so ; Beauty and the Beast ( 1991 ) was the first animated film ever nominated for Best Picture . Up ( 2009 ) and Toy Story 3 ( 2010 ) also received Best Picture nominations after the Academy expanded the number of nominees . Waltz with Bashir ( 2008 ) is the only animated film ever nominated for Best Foreign Language Film ( though it did not receive a nomination for Best Animated Feature ) . The Nightmare Before Christmas ( 1993 ) and Kubo and the Two Strings ( 2016 ) are the only two animated films to ever be nominated for Best Visual Effects .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8e50128bcbd5d2f49bc495827ef5995c", "text": "E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial is a 1982 American science fiction fantasy film co-produced and directed by Steven Spielberg , and written by Melissa Mathison . It features special effects by Carlo Rambaldi and Dennis Muren , and stars Henry Thomas , Dee Wallace , Robert MacNaughton , Drew Barrymore , Peter Coyote and Pat Welsh . It tells the story of Elliott ( Thomas ) , a lonely boy who befriends an extraterrestrial , dubbed `` E.T. '' , who is stranded on Earth . He and his siblings help it return home while attempting to keep it hidden from their mother and the government . The concept was based on an imaginary friend Spielberg created after his parents ' divorce in 1960 . In 1980 , Spielberg met Mathison and developed a new story from the stalled sci-fi horror film project Night Skies . It was shot from September to December 1981 in California on a budget of US$ 10.5 million . Unlike most films , it was shot in rough chronological order , to facilitate convincing emotional performances from the young cast . Released on June 11 , 1982 by Universal Pictures , E.T was an immediate blockbuster , surpassing Star Wars to become the highest-grossing film of all time -- a record it held for eleven years until Jurassic Park , another Spielberg-directed film , surpassed it in 1993 . It is the highest-grossing film of the 1980s . Widely regarded as one of the greatest films of all time , critics acclaimed it as a timeless story of friendship , and it ranks as the greatest science fiction film ever made in a Rotten Tomatoes survey . In 1994 , it was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' . It was re-released in 1985 , and then again in 2002 to celebrate its 20th anniversary , with altered shots and additional scenes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7bc89ff1103c527c0f67ac51e19ab506", "text": "Ogre An ogre ( feminine ogress ) is a term used in myth and folk tales for a variety of abominable and brutish hominid monsters , informally large , unpleasant , grotesque , predatory , and typically cannibalistic towards normal human beings , infants , and children . Ogres and similar creatures feature in mythology , folklore , and fiction around the world , appearing in many classic works of literature and fairy tales . Ogres vary in size depending on the depiction , ranging from moderately large and heavyset by human standards to inhuman and disproportionate giants . Common features include oversized heads and mouths , animal-like bodily hair , discolored skin , extreme physical strength , a voracious appetite , and a generally hideous appearance , odor , and manner . Ogres overlap heavily with giants in mythology and may be considered a subtype thereof ; they also overlap with human cannibals in fiction . The villainous giant in `` Jack and the Beanstalk '' and `` Jack the Giant Killer '' matches an ogre in description and is sometimes directly termed an ogre in variants , and other man-eating giants such as those in The BFG and the Giant Despair in The Pilgrim 's Progress are highly comparable . Further examples of famous folktales featuring ogres include Puss in Boots abd `` Hop-o ' - My-Thumb '' ; while the most famous ogres in modern fiction are the eponymous main character Shrek and his wife Fiona from the animated comedy film series of the same name . Other characters and monsters sometimes comparable to or described as ogres in trait include the titular husband in `` Bluebeard '' , the Beast from `` Beauty and the Beast '' , `` Beowulf 's '' enemy Grendel , the Cyclops Polyphemus from Homer 's Odyssey , the related cyclops in the tales of `` Sinbad the Sailor '' , and the oni of Japanese folklore .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab776c8e054188f0657ac63f8105ecf6", "text": "Film series A film series ( also referred to as a film franchise ) is a collection of related films in succession that share the same fictional universe , or are marketed as a series . Sometimes the work is conceived from the beginning as a multiple-film work , for example the Three Colours series , but in most cases the success of the original film inspires further films to be made . Individual sequels are relatively common , but are not always successful enough to spawn further installments . The Marvel Cinematic Universe is the highest grossing film series in unadjusted US Dollar figures surpassing the Harry Potter , Star Wars , James Bond , and Peter Jackson 's The Lord of the Rings series . However , `` Star Wars '' has the highest when adjusted for inflation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa9441222b26a65a89f31a81c97939ad", "text": "The Smurfs 2 The Smurfs 2 is a 2013 American 3D live-action/computer-animated comedy film and a sequel to the 2011 film The Smurfs . It is loosely based on The Smurfs comic-book series created by the Belgian comics artist Peyo . It is the second and final installment of a projected duology , produced by Sony Pictures Animation and distributed by Columbia Pictures . The film is directed by Raja Gosnell , who helmed the first , with all the main cast returning . New cast members include Christina Ricci and J. B. Smoove as members of the Naughties , and Brendan Gleeson as Patrick Winslow 's stepfather . The film was released on July 31 , 2013 and is dedicated to Jonathan Winters , who voiced Papa Smurf and died on April 11 , 2013 . Its gross of $ 347 million was seen by Sony as a disappointment , which Box Office Mojo labelled as `` an unprecedented drop for a closely-timed family sequel '' and attributed to the negative reception of the first film and to the strong competition coming from another family sequel Despicable Me 2 .", "title": "" } ]	fever
e31b7e15842483e912a6b911ee246fc9	Alexander Lebedev part owns a Russian newspaper.	[ { "docid": "395ef4df749c7951acad9b5efcce72ab", "text": "Alexander Lebedev Alexander Yevgenievich Lebedev ( -LSB- Алекса́ндр Евге́ньевич Ле́бедев , p = ɐlʲɪˈksandr jɪvˈɡʲenʲjɪvʲɪtɕ ˈlʲebʲɪdʲɪf -RSB- born 16 December 1959 ) is a Russian businessman , referred to as one of the Russian oligarchs . In March 2012 , he was listed by Forbes magazine as one of the richest Russians with an estimated fortune of $ 1.1 billion . However , his fortune has since declined , and he is no longer considered to be a billionaire . He is part owner of the Russian newspaper Novaya Gazeta and owner of two UK newspapers with son Evgeny Lebedev : the London Evening Standard , The Independent .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "361435cdd17e03aa48b646373d5ee999", "text": "Kazakhstanskaya Pravda Kazakhstanskaya Pravda is a Kazakhstani newspaper that is government-backed . The paper was first published on 1 February 1920 . The paper was started by the ministry of information and public accord . It is published in the Russian language .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "27084d4cb0166a3a40f2bdf5cccd4d15", "text": "Pyotr Olegovich Tolstoy Pyotr Olegovich Tolstoy ( Пётр Оле́гович Толсто́й born June 20 , 1969 , Moscow , RSFSR , USSR ) is a Russian journalist , producer and presenter . Also he led the air Channel One Russia after the elections on March 4 , 2012 at a pair of Alexander Gordon . Member of the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation , the former leading the Sunday program Vremya on the Channel One Russia ( 2005 -- 2012 ) . Deputy Director of the Directorate of social and political programs , Channel One ( 2009 - 2016 ) . Currently leads the program Politics and Time will tell on this channel . Leo Tolstoy 's great-grandson . Since September 2016 - Member of the 7th State Duma of the Russian Federation from the political party United Russia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "17f9299cdd97319d5f02a544d229eda7", "text": "Sistema Sistema is a large Russian conglomerate company , headed by Vladimir Yevtushenkov . In March 2006 , Yevtushenkov controlled 62 % of the shares in Sistema . Sistema has its headquarters in Moscow , and operates a number of consumer service businesses in the areas of : IT and telecoms -- Mobile TeleSystems , Moscow City Telephone Network , SkyLink , MTS India . Microelectronics -- Sitronics ( formerly known as ` Science Center Concern ' ) , NIIME , Mikron , STROM telecom . Insurance -- ROSNO Banking -- MBRD ( Moscow Bank for Reconstruction and Development ) House-Building -- Sistema-Hals Retail -- Detsky Mir Group Media -- Sistema Mass Media Oil businesses -- Ufaorgsintez , Novoil , Ufaneftehim , Ufimskiy NPZ , Bashkirnefteprodukt , Bashkirenergo . Other businesses -- Intourist ( Travel Services ) , RTI Systems ( Radio and space technology ) , Binopharm ( Pharmaceuticals ) , Olympic Sistema ( Sport ) The company 's Global Depository Receipts ( GDRs ) are traded on the London Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol `` SSA '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0bdcf2b9bb802877c89fb27e52638ca2", "text": "Maxim Korobov Maxim Leonidovich Korobov ( born December 3 , 1957 ) is a Russian businessman whose investments focus on the oil and gas sector . He is the controlling shareholder of SGO Sibgasoil Investments Limited , which has interests in Western Siberia . Maxim Korobov served at various times as Chairman of the Board of Directors of Swiss company Rosco S.A. ; Vice President of Eastern Oil Company ( EOC ) and head of EOC Trading House ; President of Tomsk Oil and Gas Company ; and head of the oil and gas team at Rossiisky Kredit bank . Korobov graduated with honours from both the Military Institute of the Defence Ministry and the Russian Presidential Academy of State Service . He was also a researcher at the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences and taught at the Military Institute . He holds a PhD in political science . Maxim Korobov was elected to the Tomsk Oblast regional parliament in 1997 , and served as a member of the State Duma ( Russian parliament ) from 1999-2011 , as a member of the United Russia party . As a member of the Duma 's Committee on Power , Transport and Communications , he authored a bill proposing to end the practice of domestic roaming , whereby Russian mobile network operators charge higher prices to users travelling outside their `` home '' regions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2a523a7f359b31386c71a0e384f5de7d", "text": "Russian mafia Russian organized crime or Russian mafia , sometimes referred to as Bratva ( : `` brotherhood '' ) , is a collective of various organized crime elements originating in the former Soviet Union . Organized crime in Russia began in the imperial period of the Tsars , but it was not until the Soviet era that vory v zakone ( `` thieves-in-law '' ) emerged as leaders of prison groups in gulags ( Soviet prison labor camps ) , and their honor code became more defined . After World War II , the death of Joseph Stalin , and the fall of the Soviet Union , more gangs emerged in a flourishing black market , exploiting the unstable governments of the former Republics , and at its highest point , even controlling as much as two-thirds of the Russian economy . Louis Freeh , former director of the FBI , said that the Russian mafia posed the greatest threat to U.S. national security in the mid-1990s . In modern times , there are as many as 6,000 different groups , with more than 200 of them having a global reach . Criminals of these various groups are either former prison members , corrupt officials and business leaders , people with ethnic ties , or people from the same region with shared criminal experiences and leaders . However , the existence of such groups has been debated . In December 2009 , Timur Lakhonin , the head of the Russian National Central Bureau of Interpol , stated `` Certainly , there is crime involving our former compatriots abroad , but there is no data suggesting that an organized structure of criminal groups comprising former Russians exists abroad '' , while in August 2010 , Alain Bauer , a French criminologist , said that it `` is one of the best structured criminal organizations in Europe , with a quasi-military operation . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a4c14c87390906df3d55be5caa797ff3", "text": "Gennady Lebedev Gennady Victorovich Lebedev ( 1957 , USSR -- May 12 , 2004 , Turkey ) was a Russian economist , representative of Austrian School , businessman and politician . He advocated free enterprise and laissez-faire .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f5fe54128c8677a386e1da3a2fee204f", "text": "Lebedev Physical Institute The Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences ( LPI RAS ) ( in Физи́ческий институ́т имени П.Н.Ле́бедева Российской академии наук , situated in Moscow , is one of the leading Russian research institutes specializing in physics . It is also one of the oldest research institutions in Russia : its history dates back to a collection of physics equipment established by Peter the Great in the Kunstkamera of Saint Petersburg in 1714 . The institute was established in its present shape in 1934 by academician Sergey Vavilov . It moved to Moscow and was named after a prominent Russian physicist Pyotr Lebedev the same year . It is also known as Lebedev Institute of Physics or just Lebedev Institute . In Russian it is often referred to by the acronym FIAN standing for `` Physical Institute of the Academy of Sciences '' . The wide range of the research activities includes : laser technology , dark matter structure , nanostructures , superconductivity , cosmic rays , and gamma-astronomy . The institute developed a technique of crystallizing cubic zirconia ( which was called Fianit in Russia , named after FIAN ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1a38bcf6284a9c619c4ad03ac4078f39", "text": "Sergey Shubinsky Sergey Nikolayevich Shubinsky ( Сергей Николаевич Шубинский 1834 -- 1913 ) was a Russian historian and journalist who edited two widely read magazines concerned with the history of Imperial Russia . Shubinsky had a successful military career from 1854 onward , retiring with the rank of Major General in 1887 . He developed a keen interest in the comparatively recent history of his country while collecting hitherto unpublished anecdotes about Prince Potemkin . Shubinsky edited an illustrated monthly periodical , Old and New Russia , in 1875-79 , before setting up a more widely distributed magazine , The Historical Herald , in 1880 . He remained in charge of the periodical until his death in 1913 . The publisher was Aleksey Suvorin . Shubinsky also authored a splattering of historical articles for the Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary . Shubinsky 's main rivals in the realm of Russian historical journalism were Pyotr Bartenev , the editor of The Russian Archive , and Mikhail Semevsky with his own periodical , Old Times in Russia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dba4170b26bf5a05798f8bd31bfd6dff", "text": "Rodionov Publishing House Rodionov Publishing House ( IDR , Izdatelsky Dom Rodionova ) is a publishing house based in Moscow that owns eight magazines . It was founded by and is owned by Sergey S. Rodionov and his father . Rodionov Publishing House 's managers include Evgeny Dodolev ( he ran Rodionov Publishing House in 2005 -- 2009 as CEO ) . Iskander Makhmudov is also a business partner who owns 50 % of the publishing house . Rodionov Publishing House owns the Politburo ( closed January 2004 ) , Paradox ( closed July 2004 ) and other magazines . Its portfolio includes business , men 's , women 's and special interest magazines .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc494b374d26631f665ee6073b0bafe9", "text": "Leonid Lebedev Leonid Lebedev ( born May 2 , 1956 ) is a Russian entrepreneur and elected representative in Russia 's Upper House of Parliament . Lebedev is sole owner of Sintez Group , a privately held energy , oil and gas and property development company with more than $ 1 billion in annual sales . In 1988 he co-founded the company , which according to Forbes Russia now ranks 154th among private companies in Russia . He has also been a successful entrepreneur in music and film , serving as a producer , during the 1980s and more recently , in the creation of award-winning independent films such as Hipsters and The Geographer Drank His Globe Away . In 2002 he was elected to the Federation Council ( Russia ) , Russia 's Upper House of Parliament , representing the Republic of Chuvashia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e50f363da46b27bb473972a94185b4d", "text": "Government of Russia The Government of the Russia ( exercises executive power in the Russian Federation . The members of the government are the Prime Minister , the deputy prime ministers , and the federal ministers . It has its legal basis in the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the federal constitutional law `` On the Government the Russian Federation '' . According to the 1991 amendment to the 1978 Russian Constitution , the President of Russia was the head of the executive branch and headed the Council of Ministers of Russia . According to the current 1993 Constitution of Russia , the President is not a part of the Government of Russia , which exercises executive power . But , the President does appoint the Prime Minister . The Chapter 6 of the Constitution of Russia says , that `` The Government of the Russian Federation consists of the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation ( Prime Minister ) , Deputy Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation and federal ministries '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "71726ec9426de423efa5e27e1e2bb165", "text": "Sankt-Peterburgskie Vedomosti The Vedomosti was the first newspaper printed in Russia . It was established by Peter the Great 's ukase dated 16 December 1702 . The first issue appeared on 2 January 1703 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a5540dbc1738e854f7df9425c5b2c99", "text": "Belorusy i rynok Belorusy i rynok ( Белорусы и рынок , -LSB- bʲɛləˈrusɨ ɪ ˈrʲnək -RSB- ) is the main business weekly newspaper published in Belarus . The newspaper was founded in 1990 under the name Belorusskij rynok ( Белорусский рынок , The Belarusian Market ) and was one of the first private media in Belarus . In 2005 the newspaper had to change its name following a decree of president Lukashenka that forbid usage of the words National and Belarusian in names of organisations and newspapers . Current chief editor is Viačasłaŭ Chadasoŭski . The newspaper is published mainly in Russian language .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e587076e4a1249a85d85979c291b0793", "text": "Northern Bee Northern Bee was a semi-official Russian political and literary newspaper published in St. Petersburg from 1825 to 1864 . It was an unofficial organ of Section Three ( the Third Section of His Imperial Majesty 's Own Chancellery ) - the secret police . Northern Bee was founded by the reactionary writer ( and police informer ) Thaddeus Bulgarin in 1825 . In 1831 through 1849 he published it in conjunction with Nikolai Grech . From 1825 to 1831 it came out three times a week , then daily after that . The paper was pitched toward readers who belonged to the middle classes ( the serving gentry , provincial landlords , officials , merchants , burghers ) . In addition to domestic and foreign news , literature , and criticism , the paper printed a mix of inspirational stories and philosophical essays , bibliographies , and fashion pieces . At first the paper showed a liberal bent , printing the works of Pushkin , Kondraty Ryleyev , and Fyodor Glinka . But after the Decembrist revolt of December 1825 it became a conservative pro-government publication . By his own admission , Bulgarin worked with the chief of the Third Section , Count Alexander von Benckendorff , and used the knowledge gained by his position in writing reports for the police . Northern Bee enjoyed a monopoly on political news and Bulgarin used its platform to express in various ways his disgust for constitutionalism and the parliamentary speakers in France and England , representing them as screamers and freethinkers in need of looking after by the police . Having begun by publishing Pushkin and Ryleyev , including an enthusiastic review of the latter 's poem `` Voynarovsky '' , the paper turned to harassing Pushkin , mocking his antics and reproaching him for freethinking . In the French Romantics the Northern Bee saw `` the legacy of the French Revolution , the destroyer of morality and the foundations of libertinism '' . The work of Gogol was characterized by the paper as portraits without any moral purpose , the `` barnyard of human life '' . In the pages of Northern Bee , Bulgarin argued fiercely with the Literary Gazette , Pushkin , Anton Delvig , the Moscow Observer , The Telescope , Notes of the Fatherland , and Vissarion Belinsky . One of the leading critics for Northern Bee , Leopold Brant , was a harsh detractor of the realist school which flourished beginning in the 1840s . After the defeat in the Crimean War , readership began to decline due to the radicalization of public opinion . After 1860 , under Pavel Usov , the paper changed its course and printed work by democratic writers such as Vasily Sleptsov , Fyodor Reshetnikov , and Marco Vovchok , and reviews of Nikolay Nekrasov and Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin . The paper also published lesser-known writers such as Ilya Arseniev , Nikolai Gersevanov , Clement Kanevsky , and `` Blind Domna '' ( Domna Anisimova ) . An attempt by Usov to convert the paper to be more like foreign papers in format and arrangement of sections was not successful . In 1864 , the paper folded .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b0fbe400c22a4de5a37b32ff8c4899f9", "text": "Komanda (newspaper) Komanda is one of Ukraine 's most influential sport newspapers published daily in Kiev , the nation 's capital . It was founded in 1995 , and as of September 2001 it is available on-line . It offers sport analysis , original interviews , and opinions . It is published in Russian . Its registration number KBN 2163 of 18.09.96 . The subscription index is 33780 . The newspaper is published five ( 5 ) times a week , no Sunday or Monday editions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5ae110525c91aca89b38eede1c5ac62e", "text": "Apsny (newspaper) Apsny is an Abkhaz-language daily newspaper and the oldest newspaper in Abkhazia . It was founded on 27 February 1919 , its first editor was the writer Dmitry Gulia . Initially , Apsny was published twice every month , later it became a daily publication . From 1921 to 1991 the paper was named '' Аҧсны ҟаҧшь '' ( `` Red Abkhazia '' ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d3f837db46450bbbfbd75f65c6383609", "text": "Meditsinskiy Vestnik Meditsinskiy Vestnik is a Russian language newspaper published in Belarus . Category : Newspapers published in Belarus Category : Russian-language newspapers", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b589058df41d8df7ffcdb29c09b34cc6", "text": "Aleksander Zederbaum Aleksander Ossypovich Zederbaum ( born in Zamość , August 27 , 1816 ; died in Saint Petersburg , September 8 , 1893 ) was a Polish-Russian Jewish journalist . He was founder and editor of Ha-Meliẓ , and other periodicals published in Russian and Yiddish ; he wrote in Hebrew . A son of poor parents , he was apprenticed to a tailor . He succeeded in acquiring a knowledge of Hebrew literature , and of the Russian , Polish , and German languages . He married in Lublin , and in 1840 left for Odessa , then the Mecca of the Haskalah movement . He obtained there a commercial position , made the acquaintance of the Maskilim of the city , and in his leisure hours continued to work for his self-education . Later he opened a clothing-store , and was himself cutter in his tailoring-shop . In 1860 Zederbaum succeeded in obtaining the government 's permission to publish Ha-Meliẓ , the first Hebrew periodical issued in Russia ; and three years later he began publishing the pioneer Yiddish journal Ḳol Mebasser . After an existence of eight years the latter paper was suppressed by the government , whereupon Zederbaum went to Saint Petersburg , obtaining permission to transfer the headquarters of Ha-Meliẓ to that city . He was also granted permission to do his own printing , and to publish , besides Ha-Meliẓ , a Russian weekly ( Vyestnik Ruskich Yedreed ) , which , however , enjoyed only a short existence , as did also the `` Razsvyet , '' which he started a few years later . In 1881 he founded the Volksblatt , a daily Yiddish journal which existed for eight years , although Zederbaum was its editor for only a few years . Zederbaum was the author of `` Keter Kehunnah '' and `` Ben ha-Meẓarim , '' but neither of these works met with any success . His chief significance lies in the fact that he was a champion of the Haskalah . His Yiddish periodical Ḳol Mebasser offered an opportunity for many of the best jargon-writers to develop their talents ; and among these may be mentioned Linetzky , Abramowitch , Spector , and Sholem Aleichem . Zederbaum exercised considerable influence in government circles , and it was due to his intercession that an impartial judgment was obtained for many Jewish families accused of ritual murder in Kutais ; he disclosed also the ignorance of the Russian anti-Semite Lutostansky , whose pamphlets threatened to become dangerous for the Russian Jews . The Palestine Association of Odessa owed its existence to Zederbaum 's activity .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "385fffaec4428d5097a9bb2e40a4f73c", "text": "Governor (Russia) The highest official of the subject of the Russian Federation or the holder of the highest office of subject of the Russian Federation or the head of the highest executive body of state power of the subject of the Russian Federation , colloquially and collectively referred to as the title governor ( губернатор - gubernator ) or head of region ( глава региона - glava regiona ) , is the head and the chief executive of each the federal subjects of Russia , not directly subordinate to the federal authorities , but the political and ceremonial head of the federal subject , all of which are equal constituent entities of Russia . The office is defined by the Constitution of Russia and Chapters 1 , 3 and 4 of Russia 's Federal Law No. 184-FZ `` On the General Principles of the Organization Of the Legislative ( Representative ) and Executive Organs Of State Power of the Subjects of the Russian Federation '' which came into force in 1999 . According to the current revision of the Russian Constitution , the Russian Federation consists of 85 federal subjects therefore there are 85 offices of head of region in Russia ( see List of current heads of federal subjects of Russia ) . The certain title of office is defined by the federal subject 's Constitution or Charter . The names include : governor , president ( президент - president ) , head of administration ( глава администрации - glava administratsii ) , head of republic ( глава республики - glava respubliki ) , mayor ( мэр - mer ) , non-officially and collectively referred to as governors for short . The official title governor is most used in Russia and traditionally it is used in Oblasts of Russia . Presidents of Russia 's republics , mayor of Moscow and mayor of St. Petersburg are also governors in this sense . A head of the subject in Russia is said to serve a administration or executive office , colloquially referred to as gubernatorial administration .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5c9702d9be1df17fec987a896ad1407", "text": "Viktor Zubkov Viktor Alekseyevich Zubkov ( -LSB- Ви́ктор Алексе́евич Зубко́в , p = ˈvʲiktər ɐlʲɪˈksʲejɪvʲɪtɕ zʊpˈkof -RSB- born 15 September 1941 ) is a Russian politician and businessman who served as the Prime Minister of Russia from September 2007 to May 2008 . He was Vladimir Putin 's First Deputy Prime Minister during the Presidency of Dmitry Medvedev . Zubkov was a financial crime investigator until 12 September 2007 , when he was nominated by President Vladimir Putin to replace Prime Minister Mikhail Fradkov , who had resigned earlier that day . The nomination was approved in the Duma on 14 September 2007 . On 7 May 2008 Zubkov 's cabinet was automatically dismissed . This procedure , following an inauguration of the President of Russia is required by the Russian Constitution . After Putin became Prime Minister , Zubkov was appointed First Deputy Prime Minister . Zubkov is also the current chairman of the board of directors of Gazprom , Russia 's largest corporation and one of the largest oil and natural gas companies in the world .", "title": "" } ]	fever
9ad400321e41ed32b46a9f766ef6668e	The human condition is ignored in religion.	[ { "docid": "2014f4411fea763122edf0dee44dc13e", "text": "Human condition The human condition is `` the characteristics , key events , and situations which compose the essentials of human existence , such as birth , growth , emotionality , aspiration , conflict , and mortality . '' This is a very broad topic which has been and continues to be pondered and analyzed from many perspectives , including those of religion , philosophy , history , art , literature , anthropology , psychology , and biology . As a literary term , `` the human condition '' is typically used in the context of ambiguous subjects such as the meaning of life or moral concerns .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "a399550fda9b936b0fef6ee0fc7e3f72", "text": "Religious views on love Religious views on love vary widely between different religions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8a967256e56bad4e977aea8c8a5b3f26", "text": "Catholic Church and HIV/AIDS The Church 's position on AIDS prevention has attracted controversy due to its opposition to condom use . In 2010 Pope Benedict XVI said that the use of condoms could sometimes be considered a first step toward moral behavior , but a spokesperson for the church later clarified that the use of condoms was still considered immoral and that the pope had not intended to take a position `` on the problem of condoms in general . '' In relation to the sexual transmission of the disease , the Church teaches that sexual abstinence before marriage , and monogamy inside marriage , are a better means of limiting the spread of the epidemic than the use of condoms . United Nations bodies have criticised the Church for its stance against condom use , on the basis that condoms are the best available means to prevent infections among sexually active people . UN bodies co-operate closely with the Church on the provision of patient care , and in eliminating infections in children . The Church provides approximately one quarter of all HIV treatment and care . Following the election of Pope Francis in 2013 , UNAIDS wrote that the Church `` provides support to millions of people living with HIV around the world '' and that `` Statistics from the Vatican in 2012 indicate that Catholic Church-related organizations provide approximately a quarter of all HIV treatment , care , and support throughout the world and run more than 5,000 hospitals , 18,000 dispensaries , and 9,000 orphanages , many involved in AIDS-related activities . '' UNAIDS co-operates closely with the Church on critical issues such as the elimination of new HIV infections in children , and keeping their mothers alive , as well as increasing access to antiretroviral medication . Caritas Internationalis is the Church 's main international aid and development body , operating in over 200 countries and territories , and is among the strategic partners of the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS ( UNAIDS ) . Pope Paul VI issued the Humanae vitae Encyclical Letter on the Regulation of Birth in 1968 , which outlined opposition to `` artificial birth control '' on the basis that it would open a `` wide and easy a road ... towards conjugal infidelity and the general lowering of morality '' . The AIDS epidemic emerged from the 1980s . In 2010 , Pope Benedict XVI characterized condom use as not a `` real or moral solution '' to the spread of AIDS , but in the case of homosexual prostitution , a potentially lesser-evil `` first step '' in the direction of moralization and responsibility , when used with `` the intention of reducing the risk of infection '' . A 2014 report by The U.N. Committee on the Rights of the Child called on the Church to `` overcome all the barriers and taboos surrounding adolescent sexuality that hinder their access to sexual and reproductive information , including on family planning and contraceptives '' . Globally , well over thirty million people have died from HIV/AIDS . The Church 's condom ban was largely ignored in industrialised countries , in which public awareness campaigns encouraged condom use . The church 's stance against condoms has been blamed for the prevalence of AIDS in Africa .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "29fb4113d7413929c579331a33e3c97c", "text": "Religion in Sweden Lutheran Christianity is officially the largest religion in Sweden , with 6.1 million Swedish citizens being members of the Church of Sweden . The high membership figure is mainly due to the fact that until 1996 all newborn children with at least one parent being a member of the church were also made members . Other Christian Churches include the Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church . Islam is the second largest religion in Sweden , practiced by 5 % of the population . The rest of the population are either irreligious or members of other religious groups . Sweden was Christianized from Norse paganism during a long period , not final until the 1130s . Since the 16th century , Sweden has been predominantly Lutheran . From the Protestant Reformation in the 1530s until 2000 , the Lutheran Church of Sweden ( Svenska kyrkan ) was the state church . As of 2016 , 61.2 % of Swedish citizens are members of the Church of Sweden , compared to over 95 % in 1970 , and 83 % in 2000 . Despite that , religion in Sweden plays a limited role compared to the European average , and even many church members participate in religious activities for only cultural reasons , and do not believe in Christianity . Atheism and agnosticism are widespread in Swedish society . In a Eurobarometer Poll in 2010 , just 18 % of Swedish citizens responded that `` they believe there is a god '' , although a further 45 % answered that `` they believe there is some sort of spirit or life force '' . In a 2009 Gallup poll , 17 % answered yes to the question `` Is religion an important part of your daily life ? '' . A survey found that only 15 % of Church of Sweden members actually believe in Jesus , while another 15 % identified as atheists , and a quarter as agnostic . Less than 4 % of the Church of Sweden membership attends public worship during an average week ; about 2 % are regular attendees . Some scholars consider the nation to be a place where religion is regarded with `` benign indifference '' . The history of the Jews in Sweden can be traced back to the 17th century , and there are about 20,000 ethnic Jews in Sweden today , of whom about 7,000 belong to a Jewish religious congregation . Because of immigration in the latter part of the 20th century , there is today a sizeable minority of Muslims ( 5 % of population ) and Roman Catholics ( 2 % ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "01f1edd549c69eaded53194c7337eeb3", "text": "Idealism (Christian eschatology) Idealism ( also called the spiritual approach , the allegorical approach , the nonliteral approach , and many other names ) in Christian eschatology is an interpretation of the Book of Revelation that sees all of the imagery of the book as symbols . Jacob Taubes writes that idealist eschatology came about as Renaissance thinkers began to doubt that the Kingdom of Heaven had been established on earth , or would be established , but still believed in its establishment . Rather than the Kingdom of Heaven being present in society , it is established subjectively for the individual . F. D. Maurice interpreted the Kingdom of Heaven idealistically as a symbol representing society 's general improvement , instead of a physical and political kingdom . Karl Barth interprets eschatology as representing existential truths that bring the individual hope , rather than history or future-history . Barth 's ideas provided fuel for the Social Gospel philosophy in America , which saw social change not as performing `` required '' good works , but because the individuals involved felt that Christians could not simply ignore society 's problems with future dreams . Different authors have suggested that the Beast represents various social injustices , such as exploitation of workers , wealth , the elite , commerce , materialism , and imperialism . Various Christian anarchists , such as Jacques Ellul , have identified the State and political power as the Beast . It is distinct from Preterism , Futurism and Historicism in that it does not see any of the prophecies ( except in some cases the Second Coming , and Final Judgment ) as being fulfilled in a literal , physical , earthly sense either in the past , present or future , and that to interpret the eschatological portions of the Bible in a historical or future-historical fashion is an erroneous understanding .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ef23dd16ba91496ee447e4881ad7fed7", "text": "National church This article discusses ` national churches ' in the ethnic sense . See state church for church organizations at a national level . For Catholic churches in Rome associated with various countries , see National churches in Rome . A national church is a Christian church associated with a specific ethnic group or nation state . The idea was notably discussed during the 19th century , during the emergence of modern nationalism . Samuel Taylor Coleridge , in a draft discussing the question of church and state around 1828 wrote that `` a National Church might exist , and has existed , without -LSB- Christianity -RSB- , because before the institution of the Christian Church - as -LSB- ... -RSB- the Levitical Church in the Hebrew Constitution , -LSB- and -RSB- the Druidical in the Celtic , would suffice to prove '' . John Wordsworth , Bishop of Salisbury , wrote about the National Church of Sweden in 1911 , interpreting the Church of Sweden and the Church of England as national churches of the Swedish and the English peoples , respectively . Lake ( 1987 ) traces the development of Presbyterianism in 16th-century England from the status of a `` godly minority '' which saw itself surrounded by the corrupt or hostile mass of the population , into a `` genuine national church '' . The concept of a national church remains alive in the Protestantism of England and Scandinavia in particular . While , in a context of England , the national church remains a common denominator for the Church of England , some of the Lutheran `` folk churches '' of Scandinavia , characterized as national churches in the ethnic sense as opposed to the idea of a state church , emerged in the second half of the 19th century following the lead of Grundtvig . However , in countries in which the state church ( also known as the established church ) has the following of the majority of citizens , the state church may also be the national church , and may be declared as such by the government e.g. Church of Denmark , Church of Greece , Church of Iceland .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fb89410f44f522d62482ee6060fc60a1", "text": "Bible The Bible ( from Koine Greek τὰ βιβλία , tà biblía , `` the books '' ) is a collection of sacred texts or scriptures that Jews and Christians consider to be a product of divine inspiration and a record of the relationship between God and humans . Many different authors contributed to the Bible . What is regarded as canonical text differs depending on traditions and groups ; a number of Bible canons have evolved , with overlapping and diverging contents . The Christian Old Testament overlaps with the Hebrew Bible and the Greek Septuagint ; the Hebrew Bible is known in Judaism as the Tanakh . The New Testament is a collection of writings by early Christians , believed to be mostly Jewish disciples of Christ , written in first-century Koine Greek . These early Christian Greek writings consist of narratives , letters , and apocalyptic writings . Among Christian denominations there is some disagreement about the contents of the canon , primarily the Apocrypha , a list of works that are regarded with varying levels of respect . Attitudes towards the Bible also differ amongst Christian groups . Roman Catholics , Anglicans and Eastern Orthodox Christians stress the harmony and importance of the Bible and sacred tradition , while Protestant churches focus on the idea of sola scriptura , or scripture alone . This concept arose during the Protestant Reformation , and many denominations today support the use of the Bible as the only source of Christian teaching . With estimated total sales of over 5 billion copies , the Bible is widely considered to be the best-selling book of all time . It has estimated annual sales of 100 million copies , and has been a major influence on literature and history , especially in the West , where the Gutenberg Bible was the first book printed using movable type .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "21d8db33312e810eaa4a62b977918ddc", "text": "Religious alienation Religious alienation is a term some use to describe how religion creates an impediment to human self-understanding .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3def3cb072c9d67fe0d9517193bb6574", "text": "Christian views on marriage Most Christian authorities and bodies view marriage ( also called Holy Matrimony ) as a state instituted and ordained by God for the lifelong relationship between one man as husband and one woman as wife . They consider it the most intimate of human relationships , a gift from God , and a sacred institution . Protestants consider it to be sacred , holy , and even central to the community of faith , while Catholics and Eastern Orthodox Christians consider it a Sacrament . Biblically , it is to be `` held in honour among all ... . '' Jesus maintained the importance and sacredness of lifelong marriage in his own teachings . He quoted from both Genesis 1 and 2 , stating in that God had created humanity as male and female , and that in marriage the two will become one flesh ' . So they are no longer two , but one flesh . Therefore , what God has joined together , let no one separate '' . In most states with a traditionally majority Christian population , civil laws recognize marriage as having social and political statuses . Christian theology affirms the secular status of marriage , but additionally views it from a moral and religious perspective that transcends all social interests . While marriage is honored and affirmed among Christians and throughout the Bible , there is no suggestion that it is necessary for everyone . Single people who either have chosen to remain unmarried or who have lost their spouse for some reason are neither incomplete in Christ nor personal failures . In the Catechism of the Catholic Church is explained that `` the intimate community of life and love which constitutes the married state has been established by the Creator and endowed by him with its own proper laws . God himself is the author of marriage . '' The vocation to marriage is written in the very nature of man and woman as they came from the hand of the Creator . '' By reason of their state in life and of their order , -LSB- Christian spouses -RSB- have their own special gifts in the People of God . `` This grace proper to the sacrament of Matrimony is intended to perfect the couple 's love and to strengthen their indissoluble unity . By this grace they `` help one another to attain holiness in their married life and in welcoming and educating their children . '' Christ is the source of this grace . `` Just as of old God encountered his people with a covenant of love and fidelity , so our Savior , the spouse of the Church , now encounters Christian spouses through the sacrament of Matrimony . `` Christ dwells with them , gives them the strength to take up their crosses and so follow him , to rise again after they have fallen , to forgive one another , to bear one another 's burdens '' `` and to love one another with supernatural , tender , and fruitful love '' The New Testament teaches that sex is reserved for marriage . It calls sex with the wife of another , or sex with someone else other than the husband , the sin of adultery . ( See also fornication . )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d6a6a009c61faf9330e5eb4ad894d27", "text": "The Culture of Disbelief The Culture of Disbelief ( ISBN 0-385-47498-9 ) is a 1994 book by Stephen L. Carter . In it , he holds that religion in the United States is trivialized by American law and politics , and that those with a strong religious faith are forced to bend to meet the viewpoint of a `` public faith '' which is largely faithless . Carter argues that there is a place for faith in public life , while still adhering to the separation of church and state . Category :1994 books Category : Books about politics of the United States Category : Religious studies books", "title": "" }, { "docid": "21135a54f1801d89357ae433d69bf6ff", "text": "Islamic ethics Islamic ethics , defined as `` good character , '' historically took shape gradually from the 7th century and was finally established by the 11th century . It was eventually shaped as a successful amalgamation of the Qur ` anic teachings , the teachings of the Sunnah of Muhammad , the precedents of Islamic jurists ( see Sharia and Fiqh ) , the pre-Islamic Arabian tradition , and non-Arabic elements ( including Persian and Greek ideas ) embedded in or integrated with a generally Islamic structure . Although Muhammad 's preaching produced a `` radical change in moral values based on the sanctions of the new religion and the present religion , and fear of God and of the Last Judgment '' , the tribal practice of Arabs did not completely die out . Later Muslim scholars expanded the religious ethic of the Qur ` an and Hadith in immense detail .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "40bc1cdeeff552657f97a2e25749c927", "text": "Scientology status by country Scientology status by country describes the status of Scientology and its recognition as a religion or otherwise in different countries . The Church of Scientology pursues an extensive public relations campaign for state recognition of Scientology as a religion and cites numerous scholarly sources supporting its position . The level of recognition Scientology has been able to obtain varies significantly from country to country . The Church of Scientology has been recognized as a religious denomination in its home country , the United States , and has received full recognition in various other countries such as Italy , South Africa , Australia , Sweden , New Zealand , Portugal and Spain ; it thus enjoys and regularly cites the constitutional protection afforded in these nations to religious practice . Some countries , mostly in Europe , have regarded Scientology as a potentially dangerous cult , or at least have not considered local branches of the Church of Scientology to meet the legal criteria for being considered religion-supporting organizations , seeing Scientology as a business . The 2014 ruling in London , which had five judges in the UK Supreme Court unanimously rule that a Scientology chapel is a `` place of meeting for religious worship , '' solidified the church 's status as a religion in the region . While some theologians critically approach Scientology 's status as a religion , social scientists as a whole agree that it `` satisfies the abstract criteria for recognition as a religion . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1b8ef3cfee29c5c00e2e0285408b1e19", "text": "Theodicy and the Bible Theodicy , in its most common form , is the attempt to answer the question of why a good God permits the manifestation of evil . Theodicy attempts to resolve the evidential problem of evil by reconciling the traditional divine characteristics of omnibenevolence and omnipotence , in either their absolute or relative form , with the occurrence of evil or suffering in the world . `` Writings and discourses on theodicy by Jews , Greeks , Christians , and Eastern religions have graced our planet for thousands of years , '' and `` debates about theodicy continue among believers and unbelievers alike '' . Theodicy is an `` intensely urgent '' and `` constant concern '' of `` the entire Bible '' . Relating theodicy and the Bible is crucial to understanding Abrahamic theodicy because the Bible `` has been , both in theory and in fact , the dominant influence upon ideas about God and evil in the Western world '' . The Bible raises the issue of theodicy by its portrayals of God as inflicting evil and by its accounts of people who question God 's goodness by their angry indictments . However , the Bible `` contains no comprehensive theodicy '' . `` The most common theodicy is the free will theodicy . '' It lays the blame for all moral evil and some natural evil on humanity 's misuse of its free will . This article shows that the free will theodicy interacts with the Bible at its core : what Jesus and Paul say about the freedom of the will and with what kind of freedom of the will God endowed humanity at the Creation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4943672a5e94f6cfdf2e9ad52285df19", "text": "Religious qualifications for public office in the United States Religious qualifications for public office in the United States have always been prohibited at the national level of the federal system of government under the Constitution . Article VI of the Constitution of the United States declares that `` no religious test shall ever be required as a qualification to any office or public trust under the United States '' . The First Amendment of the Constitution also prevents the Congress of the United States from making any law `` respecting an establishment of religion '' ( the Establishment Clause ) . Neither the First Amendment nor Article VI , however , were originally applied to the individual states , and individual restrictions were utilized by individual states to prevent Jews , Catholics , and atheists from occupying public offices . State-level requirements for public office were not entirely abolished until 1961 , when the Supreme Court of the United States struck down religious qualifications for all public officeholders in its decision in Torcaso v. Watkins , a case concerning an atheist 's right to serve as a notary public under a Maryland law requiring public officials to declare they believed in God . However , eight states still have language in their constitutions that requires such qualifications .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c366e621bb381fcb85edf93425089f14", "text": "Is God Dead? `` Is God Dead ? '' was an April 8 , 1966 , cover story for the news magazine Time . A previous article , from October 1965 , had investigated a trend among 1960s theologians to write God out of the field of theology . The 1966 article looked in greater depth at the problems facing modern theologians , in making God relevant to an increasingly secular society . Modern science had eliminated the need for religion to explain the natural world , and God took up less and less space in people 's daily lives . The ideas of various scholars were brought in , including the application of contemporary philosophy to the field of theology , and a more personal , individual approach to religion . The issue drew heavy criticism , both from the broader public and from clergymen . Much of the criticism was directed at the provocative magazine cover , rather than the content of the article . The coverall black with the words `` Is God Dead ? '' in large red textmarked the first time in the magazine 's history that text with no accompanying image was used . In 2008 , the Los Angeles Times named the `` Is God Dead ? '' issue among `` 10 magazine covers that shook the world '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2f9404ec22b99b8f632cb52201c08b62", "text": "God Is Not Great God Is Not Great : How Religion Poisons Everything is a 2007 book by Anglo-American author and journalist Christopher Hitchens , in which he makes a case against organized religion . It was published by Atlantic Books in the United Kingdom as God Is Not Great : The Case Against Religion . Hitchens posited that organised religion is `` violent , irrational , intolerant , allied to racism , tribalism , and bigotry , invested in ignorance and hostile to free inquiry , contemptuous of women and coercive toward children '' and sectarian , and that accordingly it `` ought to have a great deal on its conscience . '' He supports his position with a mixture of personal stories , documented historical anecdotes and critical analysis of religious texts . His commentary focuses mainly on the Abrahamic religions , although it also touches on other religions , such as Hinduism and Buddhism . The book received mixed reviews , but sold well .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1907f7067433ca988e97e39d9afb1963", "text": "General judgment General judgment is the Christian theological concept of a judgment of the dead by nation and as a whole . It is related closely to Judgment Day and often is just another phrase for the Last Judgment or Final Judgement , but is not necessarily part of any eschatology . It is generally contrasted with a particular judgment right after death . The position is hinted at in several places in the Old Testament and in the New , and the Catholic Encyclopedia says ( here referring to the Last Judgment ) `` Few truths are more often or more clearly proclaimed in Scripture than that of the general judgment '' . When the individual dies , general judgment holds that the person 's final dispensation will await the general judgment of the dead at the end of the world , rather than be judged immediately . Additionally , `` general judgment '' may refer not only to the judging of each person , but also to the judgment of nations and peoples . The concept of Last Judgment is similar but unique . Various Last Judgment scenarios represent different forms of a general judgment , such as a global last judgment or a national last judgment . It is more concerned with the depictions and descriptions of particular versions . Jesus provided examples and illustrations of judgments against cities and generations . Jesus warned his contemporaries that the men of Nineveh , who repented at the preaching of Jonah , and the Queen of the South would testify against them in the judgment . In the context of dispatching emissaries , Jesus asked them to shake off the dust of cities that would not receive them . In the same speech , Jesus declared woes upon the cities of Chorazin and Bethsaida declaring that the cities of Sodom , Tyre , and Sidon would have a more tolerable outcome in the judgement .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f9426e81cf85b7e5ee3df90c486fa55a", "text": "Argument from morality The argument from morality is an argument for the existence of God . Arguments from morality tend to be based on moral normativity or moral order . Arguments from moral normativity observe some aspect of morality and argue that God is the best or only explanation for this , concluding that God must exist . Argument from moral order are based on the asserted need for moral order to exist in the universe . They claim that , for this moral order to exist , God must exist to support it . The argument from morality is noteworthy in that one can not evaluate the soundness of the argument without attending to almost every important philosophical issue in metaethics . German philosopher Immanuel Kant devised an argument from morality based on practical reason . Kant argued that the goal of humanity is to achieve perfect happiness and virtue ( the summum bonum ) and believed that an afterlife must exist in order for this to be possible , and that God must exist to provide this . In his book Mere Christianity , C. S. Lewis argued that `` conscience reveals to us a moral law whose source can not be found in the natural world , thus pointing to a supernatural Lawgiver . '' Lewis argued that accepting the validity of human reason as a given must include accepting the validity of practical reason , which could not be valid without reference to a higher cosmic moral order which could not exist without a God to create and/or establish it . A related argument is from conscience ; John Henry Newman argued that the conscience supports the claim that objective moral truths exist because it drives people to act morally even when it is not in their own interest . Newman argued that , because the conscience suggests the existence of objective moral truths , God must exist to give authority to these truths .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18743cc8dcb9198927abec0d6cd7684b", "text": "Beatitudes The Beatitudes are eight blessings recounted in the Sermon on the Mount in the Gospel of Matthew . Each is a proverb-like proclamation , without narrative , `` cryptic , precise , and full of meaning . Each one includes a topic that forms a major biblical theme '' . Four of the blessings also appear in the Sermon on the Plain in the Gospel of Luke , followed by four woe which mirror the blessings . The term beatitude comes from the Latin noun beātitūdō which means `` happiness '' . In the Vulgate ( Latin ) , the book of Matthew titles this section Beatitudines , and `` Beatitudes '' was anglicized from that term . Each Beatitude consists of two phrases : the condition and the result . In almost every case the condition is from familiar Old Testament context , but Jesus teaches a new interpretation . Together , the Beatitudes present a new set of Christian ideals that focus on a spirit of love and humility different in orientation than the usual force and exaction taken . They echo the ideals of the teachings of Jesus on mercy , spirituality , and compassion .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a80944a6876882f61e771f61521b1c6f", "text": "Persecution of Christians in the Soviet Union Throughout the history of the Soviet Union ( 1922 -- 1991 ) , there were periods where Soviet authorities suppressed and persecuted various forms of Christianity to different extents depending on State interests . Soviet Marxist-Leninism policy consistently advocated the control , suppression , and ultimately , the elimination of religious beliefs , and actively encouraged atheism in the Soviet Union . Most religions were never outlawed . The state advocated the destruction of religion , and it officially pronounced religious beliefs to be superstitious and backward . The Communist Party destroyed churches , mosques and temples , ridiculed , harassed , incarcerated and executed religious leaders , flooded the schools and media with anti-religious teachings , and it introduced a belief system called `` scientific atheism , '' with its own rituals , promises and proselytizers . In 1925 the government founded the League of Militant Atheists to intensify the persecution . The total number of Christian victims under the Soviet regime has been estimated to range between 12-20 million . Religious beliefs and practices persisted among the majority of the population , in the domestic and private spheres but also in the scattered public spaces allowed by a state that recognized its failure to eradicate religion and the political dangers of an unrelenting culture war .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "17f292323c92b21542bc978b56038d8e", "text": "God's Warriors CNN Presents : God 's Warriors is a three-part August 2007 CNN Presents documentary produced by Christiane Amanpour in which she examines the rise of religious fundamentalism as a political force in the world . The documentary was filmed in the United States , Europe and Middle East . It focuses on the three major monotheistic religions of the world , Judaism , Christianity , and Islam . The three chapters were titled God 's Jewish Warriors , God 's Muslim Warriors , and God 's Christian Warriors . The first describes the Jewish settlement movement in Israel and the fund-raising in the United States that supports it , while the second presents issues of radical Islam and Sharia law . The final segment focused on the United States and the political influence of Christian religious leaders . `` God 's Warriors is an investigation of religion , at a time when religious activism is a signature cultural phenomenon of our times , '' said Mark Nelson , vice president and senior executive producer for CNN Productions . `` This project 's global scope is ideally suited for the skills of someone with as impressive of a journalistic pedigree as our own Christiane Amanpour . '' For this documentary , Amanpour reports that during the last 30 years , each faith has exploded into a powerful political force comprising followers who share a dissatisfaction with modern society , and a determination to place God and religion back into daily life and to the seats of power . `` There are millions of people around the world who feel that their faith is being ignored -- pushed aside -- and they are certain they know how to make the world right , '' Amanpour says . `` We can not and should not ignore them . And , with this report , we 've tried to explain them . ''", "title": "" } ]	fever
a9bd728ef1e54011deeb0001fd0241cc	Nocturnal Animals is a band.	[ { "docid": "89141c95079f1881812b6598386db25d", "text": "Nocturnal Animals Nocturnal Animals is a 2016 American neo-noir psychological thriller film written , co-produced , and directed by Tom Ford , based on the 1993 novel Tony and Susan by Austin Wright . The film stars Amy Adams , Jake Gyllenhaal , Michael Shannon , Aaron Taylor-Johnson , Armie Hammer , Laura Linney , Andrea Riseborough , Karl Glusman , and Michael Sheen . Principal photography began on October 5 , 2015 , in Los Angeles , California . The film was released in the United States on November 18 , 2016 , by Focus Features , received generally positive reviews from critics and has grossed $ 30 million worldwide . Nocturnal Animals was selected to compete for the Golden Lion at the 73rd Venice International Film Festival , where it won the Grand Jury Prize . It received numerous accolades , including nine BAFTA Award nominations and Golden Globe Award nominations for Best Director and Best Screenplay , plus a Best Supporting Actor win for Taylor-Johnson . At the 89th Academy Awards , Shannon received a nomination for Best Supporting Actor .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "5a1e52b9d352a0b8172fcaee10dea5fd", "text": "Nattväsen Nattväsen ( English : Night Creatures ) is the sixth studio album by the Viking metal band Månegarm . It was released in 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "49903c4915e45b2b0e814816304911ec", "text": "The Humans (band) The Humans are a rock band featuring singer Toyah Willcox , former REM drummer Bill Rieflin and musician Chris Wong . The band have released three studio albums , We Are The Humans , Sugar Rush and Strange Tales , and have performed live in the UK , Estonia and the USA . The Humans were formed in 2007 when musician Robert Fripp , who is married to Toyah Willcox , was invited to play a short tour in Estonia . Fripp decided to decline the invitation because he was retired . Willcox then contacted the Estonian Embassy , who had issued the invitation , and offered to put an act together for the tour . On acceptance by the Embassy , Willcox then contacted friend and former R.E.M musician , Bill Rieflin and suggested a collaboration and to '' ... do something that is just completely off the wall -LSB- with -RSB- just one bass and a voice '' . Rieflin and Willcox hired musician and musical director Chris Wong , who had previously worked with Willcox on her solo music tours and concerts , and The Humans three-piece outfit was complete . The band released their debut album We are the Humans on 1 May 2009 . The release was celebrated with a concert at the Tartu Music Festival , where the band was joined by Fripp on guitar . The Humans released their second album Sugar Rush on 27 September 2011 . A third , digital-only , album entitled Strange Tales was released worldwide in March 2014 . A UK tour , Telling Strange Tales , is scheduled for April 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dee7d55cae9af22df65d458199dfeb25", "text": "The Animals The Animals are an English rhythm and blues and rock band , formed in Newcastle upon Tyne in the early 1960s . The band moved to London upon finding fame in 1964 . The Animals were known for their gritty , bluesy sound and deep-voiced frontman Eric Burdon , as exemplified by their signature song and transatlantic No. 1 hit single , `` The House of the Rising Sun '' , as well as by hits such as `` We Got ta Get out of This Place '' , `` It 's My Life '' , `` I 'm Crying '' and `` Do n't Let Me Be Misunderstood '' . The band balanced tough , rock-edged pop singles against rhythm and blues-orientated album material . They were known in the US as part of the British Invasion . The Animals underwent numerous personnel changes in the mid-1960s and suffered from poor business management . Under the name Eric Burdon and the Animals , the much-changed act moved to California and achieved commercial success as a psychedelic and hard rock band with hits like `` San Franciscan Nights '' , `` When I Was Young '' and `` Sky Pilot '' , before disbanding at the end of the decade . Altogether , the group had ten Top Twenty hits in both the UK Singles Chart and the US Billboard Hot 100 . The original lineup of Burdon , Alan Price , Chas Chandler , Hilton Valentine and John Steel reunited for a one off benefit concert in their home city of Newcastle in 1968 . They later had brief comebacks in 1975 and 1983 . There have been several partial regroupings of the original era members since then under various names . The Animals were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1994 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bb546be84cdf3253625e625cce391264", "text": "Goat (band) Goat is a Swedish alternative and experimental fusion music group . The band originates -- according to its own publicity -- from Korpilombolo , Norrbotten County . Their album World Music , released on 20 August 2012 by Rocket Recordings , with in North America they appear on the Sub Pop label . The group released their third studio album , Requiem , in October 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ef8b31408ceffdf97d1c1a1a4e0b8e6f", "text": "Neon Swing X-perience Neon Swing X-perience ( NSX ) was founded in 1998 by Mike Urick ( trumpet/vocalist ) near Jeannette , Pennsylvania . Since then , the band has been dedicated to preserving varied forms of `` Americana '' music - particularly those types inspired or rooted in the big bands of the 1930s and 40 's . The band has independently released five CD 's and has recorded a sixth to be released for its ten-year anniversary . The new album ( entitled `` Here To Stay '' ) from Phoenix Records was scheduled to be released on July 20 , 2008 at Club Cafe in Pittsburgh , PA. . Following the release , it will be available through various digital download sites and retail stores . Recently , the band has seen several high points in its career including being the only swing band to ever place as a finalist in Pittsburgh 's prestigious Graffiti Rock Showcase ( 2004 ) , performing at the legendary Derby in Hollywood CA , having a mixed drink named after them ( the Neon ) , completing two east coast tours , and selling out the Hard Rock Cafe on multiple occasions . The band 's third tour is scheduled for the summer of 2008 and , among other venues , includes stops at Central Park in NYC and Dogfish Head Brewery . Band members have changed significantly since 1998 , but the current line-up includes : Urick , Wally `` The Werewolf '' Hunter ( various saxes and wild instruments ) , Joe Palacki ( drums ) , Steve Tomkowitz ( sax ) , Tim Palko ( bass ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "842f06eca66423ab3571680a1c822ea8", "text": "Ten Benson Ten Benson are a rock band from London , United Kingdom formed in 1997 . Their early releases saw them described as `` psychedelic hillbillies '' , but they later moved on to a ( cod - ) heavy metal sound .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b60fb8ade1a30a4d90ff0635a69ed841", "text": "Rock 'n' Roll Animal Rock n Roll Animal is a live album by Lou Reed , released by RCA Records in 1974 . In its original form , it features five songs , four of which are Velvet Underground songs . The musicians were Pentti Glan ( drums ) and Prakash John ( bass ) , Ray Colcord ( keyboards ) , and Dick Wagner and Steve Hunter on guitars . ( The two guitarists would later form the basis of the second Alice Cooper band , beginning on Welcome to My Nightmare , which also features Glan and John . ) The album was recorded live on , at Howard Stein 's Academy of Music in New York City . A sleeper hit , it peaked at # 45 on the Billboard album chart during a twenty-eight-week stay before earning Reed 's first RIAA gold certification in 1978 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "35e9a20abe4f5b70cbf882cf20e894f6", "text": "Modey Lemon Modey Lemon is an American garage rock band from Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania . The group formed in Pittsburgh 's South Oakland neighborhood in 1999 as an informal side project of Dean Swagger , a rock trio that had spent the previous year mainly performing in basements to college party crowds . The original lineup consisted of guitarist Phil Boyd and drummer Paul Quattrone , then nominally students at the University of Pittsburgh . The group made its first appearances at the Halloween weekend in 1999 and played a live set on WPTS 92.1 FM , the University of Pittsburgh college radio station , segments of which later turned up on the group 's demo album , House on the Hill ( and , subsequently , its 2002 self-titled release ) . By 2000 , the duo had gained a reputation around Pittsburgh for its concerts . Modey Lemon , the group 's debut album , appeared in early 2002 , and the band supported the album with tours of the US and Europe . The group followed their self-titled release with a brief stint on In the Red Records , which released a double 7 inch record , before recommending the band to Birdman Records owner Dave Katznelson , who then signed the band . Prior to the mid-2003 release of second album Thunder + Lightning , Boyd and Quattrone added Jason Kirker on guitar and Moog synthesizer . Following the US release of Thunder + Lighting the band signed with Mute Records , which licensed and released the album in the UK and Europe , and via EMI ( Mute 's parent label ) in Japan . The single releases , `` Crows '' ( 2004 , # 75 ) and `` Sleepwalkers '' ( 2005 , # 71 ) , each appeared in the UK Singles Chart for one week . Their third album The Curious City was released in August 2005 on Birdman/Mute . Modey Lemon has performed with The White Stripes , The Von Bondies ( 2002 UK tour ) , Girl Talk , the Blues Explosion , the Yeah Yeah Yeahs , Oneida ( 2005 Europe tour ) , The Warlocks ( 2003 UK Tour ) , Icarus Line ( 2004 UK tour ) , Dinosaur Jr. ( 2005 tour dates in UK/Europe/US ) , Arctic Monkeys ( 2009 US tour ) , and has played festivals such as Glastonbury ( 2005 ) , ArthurFest ( 2005 ) , Meredith Music Festival ( 2003 ) , and Transmusicales ( 2004 ) . In 2006 , the band appeared in a ` punk club ' scene in the film adaptation of Michael Chabon 's novel The Mysteries of Pittsburgh , performing two original songs written for the film as well as two cover songs . The band released their fourth album Season of Sweets on May 12 , 2008 . The band also completed a tour of the US in June and July that year and a tour of the UK and mainland Europe in September . In August 2009 the band supported the Arctic Monkeys in New York City , Boston , and Chicago . In October 2009 , it was announced that their track `` Become a Monk '' from the band 's album Season of Sweets , would be included on the soundtrack of the video game , Tony Hawk : Ride . In 2010 Modey Lemon recorded and released one single `` Wandering Eye b/w Cheetahs for Chariots '' on These Are Not Records and performed once at the University of Pittsburgh 's William Pitt Union in spring 2010 before going on indefinite hiatus . In 2015 , Modey Lemon 's first two albums `` House on the Hill '' and Modey Lemon ( album ) were reissued on vinyl for the first time on A-F Records , Mind Cure Records , and Omentum Records .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a101a0e5bc1a8a2f0c11532b60c3e309", "text": "Animal (Miike Snow song) `` Animal '' is a song performed by Swedish indie pop band Miike Snow . It was released as the first single from the band 's 2009 self-titled debut album on 17 February 2009 through Columbia and Downtown Records . Written by the band alongside Henrik Jonback , `` Animal '' is a pop song with instrumentation provided by horns and staccato synthesizers . Lead singer Andrew Wyatt has explained that it has an ambiguous meaning ; its lyrics can be interpreted as dealing with matters such as addiction , basic instincts or dissatisfaction when one 's needs are not met by society . Applauding its catchiness and pop sound , critics were positive towards `` Animal '' . Following its release in the United Kingdom , the single managed to peak at number 98 on the UK Singles Chart , but failed to chart elsewhere . Two music videos were made to promote the release of `` Animal '' ; the first was directed by Sebastian Mlynarski and depicts the band wearing different animal masks , and the second video , directed by Anthony Dickenson , features a mixture of projections , animation and performance footage .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cb2b378b830f6e797bcae573cc825540", "text": "Afterhour (band) Afterhour ( stylized as A F T R H R ) is an alternative rock band . The band was originally formed in Orlando , Florida in 2003 under the name There For Tomorrow . The group originally consisted of four members and was influenced by bands such as Jimmy Eat World , Third Eye Blind , and The Hives . On November 19 , 2014 , the band released a statement saying that they were disbanding and that they 've been `` trying to find themselves as individuals '' after slowing things down in 2012 . They planned to play two final shows with Enriquez and Climer as band members in their home city of Orlando in December 2014 . In late 2015 , Maika Maile and Chris Kamrada reformed under the name Afterhour . The duo continued the indie direction they had introduced on the Nightscape EP .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "abf0e7dbc4f33a5e11a300ec02347e72", "text": "Cougars (band) Cougars is a Chicago-based rock band formed in 2000 . The band signed to the New York-based label Go-Kart Records in 2003 and has embarked on several extensive US and European tours . Cougars ' music is often compared to that of The Jesus Lizard and Rocket from the Crypt . The band avoids categorizing themselves in interviews ; they 've claimed to be simply `` a rock band with horns '' and `` a rock band making rock music . '' In 2007 , the band parted ways with saxophonist Jeff Vidmont and trumpet player Mark Beening . In 2008 , it parted ways with keyboardist Sam Ambrosini . As of 2012 , the band continues to write material for its much anticipated third studio album , Gentleman 's Choice .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3218e1209ced51422f0ebfb98460bbaf", "text": "Circus Maximus (American band) Circus Maximus was an American band in the late 1960s , who combined influences from folk music , rock , and jazz into a form of psychedelic rock .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c3f324aa85ec77748e798e948f8c4560", "text": "The Good Rats The Good Rats are an American rock band from Long Island , New York . Their music mixes elements of rock with blues and pop . They are best-known on their native Long Island , although they had some success nationally and internationally .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "296eaa9562da80d53219c40cd1539fa8", "text": "Lost Dogs Lost Dogs are an American musical supergroup formed in 1991 , comprising vocalists , songwriters , and guitarists from multiple Christian alternative rock bands . Their current lineup includes Terry Scott Taylor ( Daniel Amos , the Swirling Eddies ) , Michael Roe ( The 77s ) , Derri Daugherty and Steve Hindalong ( The Choir ) . The original lineup included Gene Eugene ( Adam Again ) , who died in 2000 . The band 's eclectic blending of folk , blues , country , and rock has been characterized as `` a sort of CCM equivalent to the Traveling Wilburys '' . The band released their debut album Scenic Routes in 1992 as a one-time collaboration . Lost Dogs concert performances are filled with between-song jokes and one-liners between the band members ( usually poking fun at each other ) . Many Lost Dogs albums include at least one or two cover songs . Songs covered by Lost Dogs on an album or in concert include Bob Dylan 's `` Lord Protect My Child '' , Leonard Cohen 's `` If It Be Your Will '' , The Beatles ' `` I 'm A Loser '' , `` The Chipmunk Song ( Christmas Do n't Be Late ) '' , and Stephen Foster 's `` Hard Times , Come Again No More '' . In March , 2000 , shortly after the release of their Gift Horse album , Gene Eugene died . In 2004 , the band got together with Steve Hindalong to produce a special album for their summer tour . The result was entitled MUTT , and included new acoustic versions of ten songs originally written and recorded for each band member 's regular rock bands . The following year , the band would release the almost entirely instrumental Island Dreams . The Lost Cabin and the Mystery Trees , was released July 2006 . In 2008 , the Lost Dogs traveled down historic Route 66 with cinematographer Jimmy Abegg . Abegg filmed the band 's experiences . The band then wrote and recorded 14 songs inspired by their journey , which was released as Old Angel in May 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "83f8f4aaad842a5b63cb3917cbfe493d", "text": "Noctura Noctura was an American rock band based out of Indianapolis , Indiana .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6b62e6e7a5667fc65bc03817d198a877", "text": "Tales of Mystery and Imagination (Nocturnal Rites album) Tales of Mystery and Imagination is the second album by Swedish power metal band Nocturnal Rites , their first on Century Media . It received distribution in Europe in February 1998 after being initially released only in Japan . In 2005 , the album was re-issued as a 2-disc compilation titled , Lost in Time : The Early Years of Nocturnal Rites . The compilation featured previously unreleased demos and acoustic re-recordings .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2e1cd95684aaf5f6529a86b4e7a5f58f", "text": "Night Sun Night Sun were a German heavy prog/metal band consisting of Bruno Schaab ( vocals , bass ) , Walter Kirchgessner ( guitar ) , Knut Rossler ( organ , saxophon ) and Ulrich Staudt ( drums ) . Their one and only album , Mournin ' , was released in 1972 on Polydor 's Zebra label . Kirchgessner 's compositions and way of guitar playing reminds of Deep Purples 's Ritchie Blackmore , and Schaab 's vocals recalled the screams of Robert Plant from Led Zeppelin . The group played a loud , Deep Purple/Black Sabbath/Led Zeppelin style rock , with a characteristic `` heavy progressive '' instrumentation of lead guitar , organ , bass and drums . The album was produced by Konrad Plank ( whose production credits include Kraftwerk 's early output and Ash Ra Tempel ) at the Windrose Studio , Hamburg . With their sudden shifts of rhythm structures , guitar-with-organ riffing style and some studio effects , particularly phasing , Night Sun never went too close to the ordinary boogie and rock 'n' roll trap . Their sound consisted of many elements , all of which will be of interest to fans of Thrash , Stoner , Doom , Power and Prog Metal , and their 1970s roots .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9913ef21700a7feac257520ce5d7ee42", "text": "The Hunters Club The Hunters Club were a British grebo goth rock band that formed in Leicester , England .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2025ae60ca69113b0064bd0211e41b82", "text": "Pets (song) `` Pets '' is a song by alternative rock band Porno for Pyros and the second single from their 1993 self-titled album , Porno for Pyros . The Cursed Female / Cursed Male '' single preceded Pets , but saw only a limited radio station and promotional release , making Pets the first widely available commercial single from the album . The song became a No. 1 hit on the Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart . The song 's success was aided , in part , by a unique video directed by Jonathan Dayton and Valerie Faris ( they would later direct the critically acclaimed film Little Miss Sunshine ) which received heavy rotation on MTV .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d27768f6080a2db2b87e3d40ae873074", "text": "The Hunters (band) The Hunters are a Canadian punk rock band from Quebec City . Since their formation in 2006 , The Hunters have toured extensively in Canada , as well as the US East Coast and Europe .", "title": "" } ]	fever
c6e7658c283441f27f61b9ab857d5cf5	Ted Kaczynski wrote a manifesto.	[ { "docid": "550f587ab604d1c62726abe56f32a66a", "text": "Ted Kaczynski Theodore John Kaczynski ( -LSB- kəˈzɪnski -RSB- born May 22 , 1942 ) , also known as the `` Unabomber '' , is an American serial killer , domestic terrorist , and self-professed anarchist . A mathematical prodigy , he abandoned a promising academic career in 1969 , then between 1978 and 1995 killed three people , and injured 23 others , in a nationwide bombing campaign targeting people involved with modern technology . In conjunction with this campaign he issued a wide-ranging social critique opposing industrialization and modern technology , and advancing a nature-centered form of anarchism . Kaczynski was born and raised in Evergreen Park , Illinois . While growing up in Evergreen Park he was a child prodigy , excelling academically from an early age . Kaczynski was accepted into Harvard University at the age of 16 , where he earned an undergraduate degree . He subsequently earned a PhD in mathematics from the University of Michigan . He became an assistant professor at the University of California , Berkeley in 1967 at age 25 . He resigned two years later . As a Harvard undergraduate , Kaczynski was among twenty-two students who were research subjects in ethically questionable experiments conducted by psychology professor Henry Murray from late 1959 to early 1962 . In 1971 , he moved to a remote cabin without electricity or running water in Lincoln , Montana , where he lived as a recluse while learning survival skills in an attempt to become self-sufficient . Seventeen years after beginning his mail bomb campaign , Kaczynski sent a letter to The New York Times on April 24 , 1995 and promised `` to desist from terrorism '' if the Times or The Washington Post published his manifesto , Industrial Society and Its Future ( the `` Unabomber Manifesto '' ) , in which he argued that his bombings were extreme but necessary to attract attention to the erosion of human freedom necessitated by modern technologies requiring large-scale organization . The Unabomber was the target of one of the Federal Bureau of Investigation 's costliest investigations . Before Kaczynski 's identity was known , the FBI used the title `` UNABOM '' ( UNiversity & Airline BOMber ) to refer to his case , which resulted in the media calling him the Unabomber . The FBI ( as well as Attorney General Janet Reno ) pushed for the publication of Kaczynski 's `` Manifesto '' , which led to his sister-in-law , and then his brother , recognizing Kaczynski 's style of writing and beliefs from the manifesto , and tipping off the FBI . Kaczynski tried unsuccessfully to dismiss his court-appointed lawyers because they wanted to plead insanity in order to avoid the death penalty , as Kaczynski did not believe he was insane . When it became clear that his pending trial would entail national television exposure for Kaczynski , the court entered a plea agreement , under which he pleaded guilty and was sentenced to life in prison with no possibility of parole . He has been designated a `` domestic terrorist '' by the FBI . Some anarcho-primitivist authors , such as John Zerzan and John Moore , have come to his defense , while also holding some reservations about his actions and ideas .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "9d35669e34455a17555685a6e8593cff", "text": "Wellington Declaration The `` Wellington Declaration '' ( otherwise known as the Declaration of Wellington ) was a manifesto by King Charles I near the start of the English Civil War On 18 September 1642 , before the first major pitched battle of Civil War , King Charles I raised his standard `` in the vicinity of '' ( i.e. not actually in ) Wellington , at the time a small , though highly influential , market town in Shropshire and addressed his troops the next day . He declared that he would uphold `` the Protestant Religion , the Laws of England , and the Liberty of Parliament '' . The Wellington Declaration was held to be so important that the Royal Mint stamped its slogans on the reverse of the 10 / - silver coins RELIG : PROT : LEG : ANG : LIBER : PAR and silver half crowns ( 2/6 ) REL.PRO.LEG.ANG.LIB.PAR that it produced at that time . The inscriptions abbreviate the words `` RELIGIO PROTESTANTIUM , LEGES ANGLIAE , LIBERTAS PARLIAMENTI '' , which is the declaration in Latin .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2e9253cd386be8f75615ad2674fd8bdb", "text": "A Manifesto for a Re-appraisal of Sinology and Reconstruction of Chinese Culture `` A Manifesto for a Re-appraisal of Sinology and Reconstruction of Chinese Culture '' ( 为中国文化敬告世界人士宣言 ; Wei Zhongguo Wenua Jinggao Shijie Renshi Xuanyan ; also translated as `` Declaration on Behalf of Chinese Culture Respectfully Announced to the People of the World '' ) is an essay originally published in China and Taiwan in 1958 . The essay 's collective authors included Carsun Chang ( Zhang Junmai ) , Tang Chun-I ( Tang Junyi ) , Mou Tsung-san ( Mou Zongsan ) , and Hsu Fo-kuan ( Xu Fuguan ) , all `` New Confucianism '' scholars and notable students of Xiong Shili .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7a0f8c3340cccda6dd14eada41d559d5", "text": "Politics (magazine 1944–1949) politics was a journal founded and edited by Dwight Macdonald from 1944 to 1949 . Macdonald had previously been editor at Partisan Review from 1937 to 1943 , but after falling out with its publishers , quit to start politics as a rival publication , first on a monthly basis and then as a quarterly . politics published essays on politics and culture and included among its contributors James Agee , John Berryman , Bruno Bettelheim , Paul Goodman , C. Wright Mills , Mary McCarthy , Marianne Moore , Irving Howe , Daniel Bell , Hannah Arendt . The journal reflected Macdonald 's interest in European culture . He used politics to introduce US readers to the thinking of the French philosopher Simone Weil , publishing several articles by her , including `` A Poem of Force '' , her reflections on the Iliad . He also printed work by Albert Camus . Another European , the Italian political and literary critic Nicola Chiaromonte , was also given space in the journal . politics was also Macdonald 's vehicle for his repeated and energetic attacks against Henry Wallace and his Progressive Party campaign for President . In a letter to Philip Rahv at the end of December 1943 , George Orwell mentioned that Macdonald had written asking him to contribute to his forthcoming journal . Orwell had replied telling him he might `` do something ` cultural ' '' but not ` political ' as he was already writing his `` London Letters '' to Partisan Review . In his `` As I Please '' article for the 16 June 1944 issue of Tribune , George Orwell recommended politics . He stated that he disagreed with its policy but admired `` its combination of highbrow political analysis with intelligent literary criticism . '' He went on to add that there were no monthly or quarterly magazines in England `` to come up to '' the American ones , of which there were several . Macdonald , in an editorial comment for the November 1944 issue of politics referred to a letter from Orwell which cast interesting light on the ` russification ' of English political thought over the last two years . Orwell had read the May issue 's review of Harold Laski 's Faith , Reason and Civilisation and mentioned that the Manchester Evening News , the evening edition of the Manchester Guardian , had refused to print his own review because of its anti-Stalin implications . Despite considering the book `` pernicious tripe '' , Orwell had praised the author for being `` aware that the USSR is the real dynamo of the Socialist movement in this country and everywhere else . '' , but criticized him for shutting his eyes to `` purges , liquidations '' , etc. . Macdonald pointed out that the fact that such a review should be considered `` too hot '' shows how much the feats of the Red Army had misled the English public opinion about Russia . He added that the `` English liberal press had been far more honest about the Moscow Trials than our own liberal journals '' and that Trotsky had been able to write in the Guardian .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6532ceda3a5eb0d20e2478c9c5593263", "text": "Parallel Polis The political-social concept Parallel Polis was created by Czech political thinker and dissident Vaclav Benda in connection with movement Charter 77 . In addition to other philosophers , Benda sought a theoretical grasp of the social events in the circles of dissents . The so-called alternative culture or underground was described in the text Parallel Polis in 1978 for the first time . As a political scientist , Benda noticed the emergence of a new social structure which was born in artistic and intellectual circles as a tool to escape the totalitarian communist regime . He detected the following basic pillars of this new `` field '' : 1 . Constant monitoring and verification of the extent of civic rights and freedoms which the State has a tendency to restrict . Parallel Polis consists of people who actively advocate for , and protect their rights . 2 . Parallel `` alternative '' culture / underground culture is independent and are various spheres of art which are operated and developed without permission and support from the public authorities . 3 . Parallel education and science , which represent the realization of the right of free education and the development of scientific research ( residential seminars , various educational societies , academies etc. . ) 4 . Parallel informational system as an expression of the right of free dissemination of information ( samizdat publishing , unofficial magazines , collections etc. . ) 5 . Parallel economy : `` political power considers this the area as a critical resource for arbitrary control of citizens and strictly regulates it at the same time '' . Economy of dissence was based on reciprocity and trust in the individual person . It was a natural germ of a reputational principle and the search for the exchange resources that are not dependent on control of centralized monetary tools . 6 . Creation of the parallel political structures and promoting their development . The alternative political structures have to be incubated in the environment of the Parallel Polis and develop into such a functional form that they will be able to replace the ruling authoritarian regime . 7 . Parallel foreign policy has to be an instrument of the parallel society for the stabilization and the grounding of the movement in the international context and the search for potential financial and mental resources . These patterns of the parallel structure are not a closed set , on the contrary , they should occur more on all fronts of the resistance against the authoritarian State . The aim of the Parallel Polis , according to Vaclav Havel , Ivan Martin Jirous , Milan Šimečky and other dissents , who discussed the concept , -LSB- 2 -RSB- should be a so-called independent society . A society that is not oppressed by laws and the decisions of the representatives of the public authorities . A society that is based on its own values . Values which are not forced upon by the central authorities . You could even say , that `` Parallel Polis '' today does not represent a `` dissident world '' but the world of persuasions and private interests of the society as a whole . On one hand , `` Parallel Polis '' gives to the totalitarian authorities what it wants , but at the same time does everything it wants and has nothing in common with the authorities . After the revolution in 1989 , nobody paid too much attention to this concept , because it was ahead of its time , but nowadays the concept is relevant , because of the increased activities in the field of civil rights & the way the authoritarian state has been suppressed . The seminal idea received great attention in the dissident community in Czechoslovakia and in western political circles . It was , however , never put into practice . With the arrival of the Velvet Revolution in 1990 , the idea seemed irrelevant . It has since been revived by a group of scholars who originally met at the University of Washington but who now work at other academic institutions . Their thinking posits that Benda 's idea is now being practiced on the Internet which more easily facilitates parallel institutions . Since 2014 , a physical space inspired by the idea and named after it exists in Prague 's Holešovice district .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "522a5f7bb4043aa8e90fb06df36fbdec", "text": "Principles of Communism Principles of Communism ( German : Grundsätze des Kommunismus ) is a book written in 1847 by Friedrich Engels , the co-founder of Marxism . It is structured as a catechism , containing 25 questions about communism , which Engels provides an answer to . Engels explains the basics of communism , and discusses society , history , and economic systems from a Marxist point of view , with the materialist conception of history in focus . It was used as a base for the writing of the longer Manifesto of the Communist Party .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5f3e9c4ab77798917fd80a5373e65cf4", "text": "Anarchy Is What States Make of It Anarchy is What States Make of It ( full title : Anarchy is what states make of it : the social construction of power politics ) is a journal article by Alexander Wendt published in International Organization in 1992 that outlines a constructivist approach to international relations theory . He argues that anarchy is not inherent in the international system in the way in which other schools of international relations theory envision it , but rather it is a construct of the nation-states in the system . At the core of constructivist thought is the idea that many core aspects of international relations are socially constructed ( they are given their form by ongoing processes of social practice and interaction ) , rather than inherent , contrary to the assumptions of neorealism and neoliberalism . According to Wendt , the two basic tenets of constructivism are : The structures of human association are determined primarily by shared ideas rather than material forces The identities and interests of purposive actors are constructed by these shared ideas rather than given by nature The constructivist sentiment is summed up in the following extract from the article : `` I argue that self-help and power politics do not follow either logically or causally from anarchy and that if today we find ourselves in a self-help world , this is due to process , not structure . There is no ` logic ' of anarchy apart from the practices that create and instantiate one structure of identities and interests rather than another ; structure has no existence or causal powers apart from process . Self-help and power politics are institutions , not essential features , of anarchy . Anarchy is what states make of it '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cbd7d3bbcb245f28a7d82f9b4a8c0de4", "text": "Heidelberg Appeal The Heidelberg Appeal , authored by Michel Salomon and signed by a large number of scientists , is a statement decrying `` an irrational ideology which is opposed to scientific and industrial progress , and impedes economic and social development . '' Issued to coincide with the opening of the United Nations-sponsored Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro in 1992 , the Appeal stated that its signers : `` share the objectives of the ` Earth Summit ' '' but advised `` the authorities in charge of our planet 's destiny against decisions which are supported by pseudo-scientific arguments or false and non-relevant data . ... The greatest evils which stalk our Earth are ignorance and oppression , and not Science , Technology and Industry . '' It was carefully worded to be directed generally at underfunded and poorly conducted science , rather than specifically at climate change . This allowed it to be promoted and exploited by a number of different industries by using this in the context of their own pollution defenses . In fact , the Appeal was created and promoted by a group of industry associations with polluting problems ( including chemical , energy , and mining concerns ) : the tobacco industry was involved , but in this case it was not the primary driving force . At that time the tobacco industry was focussed on trying to change the scientific standards for Good Epidemiology Practice ( GEP ) A version of the Heidelberg Appeal was published in the June 1 , 1992 , Wall Street Journal over the signatures of 46 prominent scientists and other intellectuals . It has subsequently been endorsed by some 4,000 scientists , including 72 Nobel Prize winners . The Appeal was for an anthropocentric assessment of the world 's resources and a utilitarian as opposed to abolitionist approach to hazardous substances used or created by technology . It targeted as irrational , by implication , if not explicitly , both a vision of a `` Natural State '' with intrinsic rights to impede the activities of man , and hysterical fears of environmental poisons , disproportionate to the threat and dismissive of their associated benefits . The Heidelberg Appeal has been enthusiastically embraced by critics of the environmental movement such as S. Fred Singer of the Science and Environmental Policy Project . Conservative think tanks frequently cite the Heidelberg Appeal as proof that scientists reject the theory of global warming as well as a host of other environmental health risks associated with modern science and industry . Its name has subsequently been adopted by the Heidelberg Appeal Nederland Foundation , which was founded in 1993 and disputes health risks related to nitrates in foods and antibiotic-resistant bacteria . The Heidelberg Appeal was promoted in 1993 by the International Center for a Scientific Ecology , a group set up by Michael Salomon `` that was considered important in Philip Morris ' plans to create a group in Europe similar to The Advancement of Sound Science Coalition ( TASSC ) '' . Parts of the Heidelberg Appeal endorse environmental concerns , such as a sentence that states , `` We fully subscribe to the objectives of a scientific ecology for a universe whose resources must be taken stock of , monitored and preserved . '' Its 72 Nobel laureates include 49 who also signed the `` World Scientists ' Warning to Humanity '' , which was circulated that same year by the Union of Concerned Scientists ( UCS ) and attracted the majority of the world 's living Nobel laureates in science along with some 1,700 other leading scientists . In contrast with the vagueness of the Heidelberg Appeal , the `` World Scientists ' Warning '' is a very explicit environmental manifesto , stating that `` human beings and the natural world are on a collision course '' and citing ozone depletion , global climate change , air pollution , groundwater depletion , deforestation , overfishing , and species extinction among the trends that threaten to `` so alter the living world that it will be unable to sustain life in the manner that we know . '' Moreover the Heidelberg Appeal has been , if not specifically misrepresented , at least broadly interpreted out of context , for example , by The National Center for Public Policy which asserts `` The appeal warns industrialized nations that no compelling scientific consensus exists to justify mandatory greenhouse gas emissions cuts . '' Although the Heidelberg Appeal may be open to such an interpretation , it is not what the document said , as the text below shows . 1994 Jun 16 Matt Winokur then sends to a list of PM organisers a note saying : APCo ( the old spelling of APCO Worldwide ) is completing its evaluation of a Symposium for Europe in the fall . They have forwarded the draft Guiding Scientific Principles ( or GEP ) which would constitute the outcome of such a meeting . They are on the right track but the language is too vague . ( Tom ) Borelli and ( Richard ) Carchman will review and tighten . Obviously , any output from the symposium must be supportive of GEP . So the bottom line for both the GEP resolution and GEP Symposium must be in synch . Burson ( Marsteller ) has begun its feasibility review based on a more explicit understanding that GEP is what we are interested in promoting . I gather from Jim -LSB- Lindheim of B-M -RSB- that there may have been a misunderstanding as to whether or not Burson was to have proceeded with the review prior to the presentation of a `` joint '' proposal -LSB- APCO and B-M -RSB- . I was aware that Burson began and take responsibility for allowing them to proceed . If you do n't want to pay for it then I will . But the intelligence obtained from their interviews with potential coalition sponsors as well as information about analogous efforts by existing groups , e.g. , Heidelberg , will be critical to the development of a comprehensive Burson/APCo proposal . -LSB- Note : after a territory battle , Philip Morris had suggested that rivals APCO and B-M present this as a joint proposal -RSB- The Burson research is necessary now in order to tell us whether it is possible or efficient to try to develop an enduring -LSB- ` Sound Science ' -RSB- coalition following on from the symposium . Possible , in that there may prove to be an insufficient amount of interest in the corporate sector for such a movement . Efficient , in that there may already exist analogous groups which we could use without going to the effort of starting one from scratch . And we need to be careful not to step on unseen toes . For example , Bruce Ames is part of TASSC and Heidelberg . Do we need/want him on a third group in Europe ? Thus the benefit in having Burson complete the study now , is that what they learn will be factored into both the content of the symposium AND inform us as to what options are available after the symposium concludes . If we only want a one off event , that 's our decision . But I would think we 'd at least want a mechanism to be able to tap the participants to later on endorse the GEP resolution in the appropriate EU institutions . The Burson research will also turn up corporate interest in GEP in general which may help us identify allies regardless of whether we do either a symposium or create a coalition . The presentation therefore at the next TF mtg. will be a single proposal for PM prepared jointly by Burson and APCo . And I 've asked Margery -LSB- Krause of APCO -RSB- and Jim -LSB- Lindheim of B-M -RSB- to come themselves , as well as any other support staff they may wish to have accompany them .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d7962a01436f911a28e75d15bda5ebde", "text": "Orthodox Marxism Orthodox Marxism is the body of Marxist thought that emerged following the death of Karl Marx which became the official philosophy of the socialist movement as represented in the Second International until the First World War . Orthodox Marxism aims to simplify , codify and systematize Marxist methodology and theory , ironing out the perceived ambiguities and contradictions of Classical Marxism . The `` orthodoxy '' in orthodox Marxism specifically refers to the methodology of historical materialism and dialectical materialism employed and not to any of the normative aspects inherent to classical Marxism . `` Orthodox '' does not imply adherence to the results of Marx 's own investigations . The fundamental characteristics of orthodox Marxism include the understanding that material development ( advances in technology in the productive forces ) is the primary agent of change in the structure of society and human social relations , and that social systems and their relations ( e.g. : feudalism , capitalism , etc. ) become increasingly contradictory and inefficient as the productive forces advance , resulting in some form of social revolution arising in response to these mounting contradictions . This revolutionary change serves as the vehicle for fundamental society-wide changes and ultimately leads to the emergence of new economic systems .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e949829059e6c31e62102c0f89ab630f", "text": "Declaration (book) Declaration was originally a self-published electronic pamphlet by Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri on the Occupy movement that was released as a `` Kindle single '' in May 2012 . The book explores the new democratic politics of organization , representation , and resistance that have been inaugurated by the movement . It has since been published in paper form by Argo-Navis . An excerpt from the introduction was published in Jacobin magazine under the title `` Take Up the Baton '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7fdb7bfb6c3c5c90e4c18798a5b3a863", "text": "Syncretic politics Syncretic politics or spectral-syncretic refers to politics outside the conventional left -- right political spectrum . The term syncretic politics has been derived from the idea of syncretism ( syncretic religion ) . The main idea of syncretic politics is that taking political positions of neutrality by combining elements associated with the left and right can achieve a goal of reconciliation . Since this umbrella term is defined by the negation of the two standard poles of a given one-dimensional political spectrum , it refers to quite heterogeneous approaches . The Falange of Spain presented itself as syncretic . Falangism has attacked both the left and the right as its `` enemies '' , declaring itself to be neither left nor right , but a third position . In Hungary there has been a strong presence of syncretic political parties since the revolutions of 1989 . They won the election in 1990 forming a coalition government : Hungarian Democratic Forum , Independent Smallholders , Agrarian Workers and Civic Party and KDNP . KDNP later became a close ally of FIDESZ , losing this attribute in the process . After the first 4-year term syncretic parties went into a decline , many of them disappearing and only two new ones emerging since then : Hungarian Justice and Life Party and Politics Can Be Different , the latter still being present in the Hungarian parliament . Notable politicians are prime minister József Antall , minister of agriculture and rural development József Torgyán and green leader András Schiffer . At the peak of the Cold War , the former Argentinian President Juan Perón ( 1946 -- 55 ; 1973 -- 74 ) defined the international position of his doctrine ( Peronism ) as a third position between capitalism and communism , a stance which became a precedent of the Non-Aligned Movement . In the United States , `` third way '' adherents embrace fiscal conservatism to a greater extent than traditional social liberals , and advocate some replacement of welfare with workfare , and sometimes have a stronger preference for market solutions to traditional problems ( as in pollution markets ) , while rejecting pure laissez-faire economics and other libertarian positions . This style of governing was firmly adopted and partly redefined during the administration of President Bill Clinton . Political scientist Stephen Skowronek introduced the term `` third way '' into the interpretation of American presidential politics . Such presidents undermine the opposition by borrowing policies from it in an effort to seize the middle and with it to achieve political dominance . This technique is known as triangulation , and was used by Bill Clinton and other New Democrats who sought to move beyond the party 's New Deal liberalism reputation in response to the political realignment of the 1980s . Through this strategy , Clinton adopted themes associated with the Republican Party , such as fiscal conservatism , welfare reform , deregulation , and law and order policies . Famously , he declared in the 1996 State of the Union Address , `` the era of big government is over . '' In the United Kingdom , the emergence of New Labour under Tony Blair and Gordon Brown was a pitch for the Third Way , mixing economic neo-liberal policies , such as banking privatisation , with socially progressive policies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d58468ca498d1990d23664ae90c52fe1", "text": "Communist revolution A communist revolution is a proletarian revolution often , but not necessarily inspired by the ideas of Marxism that aims to replace capitalism with communism , typically with socialism as an intermediate stage . The idea that a proletarian revolution is needed is a cornerstone of Marxism ; Marxists believe that the workers of the world must unite and free themselves from capitalist oppression to create a world run by and for the working class . Thus , in the Marxist view , proletarian revolutions need to happen in countries all over the world . Leninism argues that a communist revolution must be led by a vanguard of `` professional revolutionaries '' , men and women who are fully dedicated to the communist cause and who can then form the nucleus of the revolutionary movement . Some Marxists disagree with the idea of a vanguard as put forth by Lenin , especially left communists . Some who continue to consider themselves Marxist -- Leninists also oppose the vanguard despite disagreeing with the majority of left communism . These critics insist that the entire working class -- or at least a large part of it -- must be deeply involved and equally committed to the socialist or communist cause in order for a proletarian revolution to be successful . To this end , they seek to build massive communist parties with very large memberships .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "77ca1d9ba652399110acf3ad827c1f99", "text": "Ted Tripp Edward Clavell `` Ted '' Tripp ( 25 September 1900 -- 21 September 1979 ) was an English-born Australian political organiser and communist . Tripp was born at Acton in London to cigar merchant Clavell John Francis Tripp and Violet Mary , née Vinall . He attended boarding school and , despite taking the University of Cambridge entrance examination , became an apprentice to an engineer . He worked for the Metropolitan Railways in London during World War I and became politically radicalised by the 1917 Russian Revolution . In 1924 Tripp moved to Western Australia and then to Townsville , where he worked on the government railways and joined the Australian Workers ' Union and the Communist Party of Australia . In 1929 he ran for the Legislative Assembly of Queensland as an Independent Communist candidate for Mundingburra . He visited Britain , Germany and Moscow later in 1929 and leaned towards Trotskyism , returning to Australia by mid-1930 . In 1931 Tripp was a candidate for the 1931 by-election for the House of Representatives seat of Parkes , making him the first endorsed Communist to stand for federal parliament . At the federal election later that year he contested Darling and in 1932 ran for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly seat of King . Despite being president of the Friends of the Soviet Union from 1930 to 1933 , he lost favour with the Communist Party and was expelled in 1934 , joining the Sydney Trotskyists , a local branch of the Workers ' Party of Australia . He became secretary of the Workers ' Party in 1935 and edited the organisations journal , the Militant . He fell out with his new party in 1937 and led the League for Revolutionary Democracy ( Independent Communist League ) , a rival group . Tripp moved to Melbourne in 1938 and on 30 July married Ruby May Bullock at Carlton . He worked as a fitter in a munitions factory at Footscray until 1965 but continued his involvement in the radical unionist movement , being appointed tutor at the Victorian Labor College in 1945 and becoming the college 's secretary in 1956 . In a largely symbolic gesture he joined the Socialist Workers ' Party in 1978 . He died at Footscray in 1979 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9455b5cda5f107db3151daea31132cdb", "text": "List of works in critical theory This is a list of important and seminal works in the field of critical theory . Otto Maria Carpeaux História da Literatura Ocidental , 8 vol . ( Portuguese , 1959 -- 66 ) M. H. Abrams The Mirror and the Lamp : Romantic Theory and the Critical Tradition Theodor Adorno Aesthetic Theory Negative Dialectics Theodor Adorno & Max Horkheimer Dialectic of Enlightenment Louis Althusser For Marx Lenin and Philosophy Erich Auerbach Mimesis : The Representation of Reality in Western Literature Mikhail Bakhtin Discourse in the Novel Rabelais and his World Roland Barthes Image , Music , Text Mythologies Jean Baudrillard The Perfect Crime Simulation and Simulacra Walter Benjamin Illuminations The Origin of German Tragic Drama Homi K. Bhabha The Location of Culture Pierre Bourdieu La distinction Kenneth Burke A Rhetoric of Motives A Grammar of Motives John Brannigan New Historicism and Cultural Materialism Cleanth Brooks The Well Wrought Urn : Studies in the Structure of Poetry Sean Burke The Death and Return of the Author Judith Butler Bodies That Matter Gender Trouble : Feminism and the Subversion of Identity Cathy Caruth Unclaimed Experience : Trauma , Narrative and History Samuel Taylor Coleridge Biographia Literaria Jonathan Culler Structuralist Poetics The Pursuit of Signs Literary Theory : A Very Short Introduction Gilles Deleuze Difference and Repetition Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari Capitalism and Schizophrenia : Anti-Oedipus ( pt .1 ) and A Thousand Plateaus ( pt .2 ) Jacques Derrida Of Grammatology Writing and Difference Peter Dews The Limits of Disenchantment The Logic of Disintigration Terry Eagleton Marxism and Literary Criticism The Idea of Culture Antony Easthope The Unconscious William Empson Seven Types of Ambiguity Some Versions of Pastoral The Structure of Complex Words Norman Fairclough Language and Power Critical Discourse Analysis Frantz Fanon Black Skins , White Masks Stanley Fish Is There a Text in this Class ? Northrop Frye Anatomy of Criticism Gerald Graff Literature Against Itself Jürgen Habermas Legitimation Crisis The Theory of Communicative Action , volumes 1 & 2 The Philosophical Discourse of Modernity Wolfgang Iser The Act of Reading : a Theory of Aesthetic Response Leonard Jackson The Poverty of Structuralism Fredric Jameson The Political Unconscious Postmodernism , or , the Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism The Prison-House of Language Frank Kermode Romantic Image Julia Kristeva Desire in Language Powers of Horror Jacques Lacan Ecrits The Seminars F.R. Leavis The Great Tradition Ania Loomba Colonialism/Postcolonialism Herbert Marcuse Reason and Revolution . Hegel and the Rise of Social Theory Eros and Civilization Soviet Marxism . A Critical Analysis One-Dimensional Man Toril Moi Sexual/Textual Politics I.A. Richards Practical Criticism : A Study of Literary Judgement Principles of Literary Criticism K.K. Ruthven Critical Assumptions Edward Said Culture and Imperialism Orientalism ( 1978 ) Jean-Paul Sartre What Is Literature ? ( 1947 ) Ferdinand de Saussure Cours de linguistique générale ( posthumously 1916 ) Alfred Schmidt The Concept of Nature in Marx ( 1962 ) Zur Idee der Kritischen Theorie ( German , 1974 ) Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick Between Men Epistemology of the Closet Susan Sontag Against Interpretation Styles of Radical Will Under the Sign of Saturn Where The Stress Falls Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak `` Can the Subaltern Speak ? '' In Other Words Raymond Tallis Not Saussure Scott Wilson Cultural Materialism W.K. Wimsatt The Verbal Icon Virginia Woolf A Room of One 's Own Slavoj Žižek The Sublime Object of Ideology The Ticklish Subject : The Absent Centre of Political Ontology ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "74de43047bb31c3844184e53edca41a3", "text": "Platform of European Memory and Conscience The Platform of European Memory and Conscience is an educational project of the European Union bringing together government institutions and NGOs from EU countries active in research , documentation , awareness raising and education about the crimes of totalitarian regimes . Its membership include 55 government agencies and NGOs from 13 EU member states as well as from the United States , such as the Institute of National Remembrance , the Berlin-Hohenschönhausen Memorial , the Stasi Records Agency and the Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation . The platform has offices in Prague and Brussels . The platform was founded in Prague on the occasion of the summit of Prime Ministers of the Visegrád Group on 14 October 2011 . The signing ceremony took place in the Lichtenstein Palace under the auspices of Czech Prime Minister Petr Nečas , Polish Prime Minister and President of the European Council Donald Tusk , and Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orbán . Its goal is described as helping `` prevent intolerance , extremism , anti-democratic movements and the recurrence of any totalitarian rule in the future . '' The initiative was originally proposed by the Institute for the Study of Totalitarian Regimes and the Government of the Czech Republic , and the 2008 Prague Declaration on European Conscience and Communism ; on 2 April 2009 , the European Parliament passed a resolution in favour of the initiative , and in June 2009 , the Council of the European Union welcomed the initiative . The Platform of European Memory and Conscience was founded as an initiative of the Polish EU presidency in 2011 , after the project had been promoted by the Czech EU presidency already in 2009 and by the Hungarian EU presidency in 2011 . The secretariat of the Platform of European Memory and Conscience was originally hosted by the Institute for the Study of Totalitarian Regimes , and the platform has received a strategic grant from the International Visegrád Fund . The founding institutions included government agencies of the Czech Republic , Poland , Germany , Hungary , Romania , Lithuania , Estonia , and Latvia , as well as several NGOs . The organisation 's strategic partners include the International Visegrád Fund and the Konrad Adenauer Foundation . The motto of the platform is `` democracy matters . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "599f948dffd56bf2e264362ee0468bb7", "text": "Manifesto of Race The Manifesto of Race ( Manifesto della razza ) , sometimes known as the Charter of Race or Racial Manifesto , was a manifesto published on 14 July 1938 which prepared the enactment , in October 1938 , of the Racial Laws in Fascist Italy . The antisemitic laws stripped the Jews of Italian citizenship and governmental and professional positions . The manifesto demonstrated the enormous influence Adolf Hitler had over Benito Mussolini since Italy had become allied with Nazi Germany .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8ee1fe32a7a6b00990695882bd51022b", "text": "Cine Foundation International Cine Foundation International is London-based non-profit film company and human rights NGO `` aiming to 'em power open consciousness through cinema ' '' . The foundation was formed in December 2010 by American filmmaker Jesse Richards , founder of the Remodernist film movement , South Korean film critic Blue Un Sok Kim and Tobias Morgan , formerly the developer of `` The Garage '' on Mubi . On 3 January 2011 , CFI announced their launch of a campaign of protest films and public actions calling for the release of imprisoned Iranian filmmaker Jafar Panahi . `` The campaign will include protest films that speak to human rights issues in Iran and throughout the world , six of which are commissioned feature-length , plus twenty shorts . Participating filmmakers may act anonymously or through pseudonyms since voicing their stories can be dangerous . The films , which will address themes of nation , identity , self , spiritual culture , censorship and imprisonment , will be aimed for public , web and various exhibition media '' . In January 2011 , filmmakers Béla Tarr and Lav Diaz joined the foundation 's Board of Directors , and in February Fred Kelemen joined the Board of Directors . Also in January 2011 , CFI deployed a video protest mechanism called WHITE MEADOWS ( named for the Mohammad Rasoulof film of the same title ) and developed by Ericson deJesus ( of Yahoo! and frog design ) at the request of the foundation . The video mechanism `` allow ( s ) anyone in the world to record a short video statement about Panahi and Rasoulof . There will be an ESCAPE button at top , allowing quick exit for those in countries where recording a statement would be dangerous . There will be an option to have the screen black , and soon , voice distortion . The video statements will be recorded as mp4s , giving them maximum transmedia capacity , which essentially makes them broadcastable from any device that can show video '' . Users can also use the mechanism to comment on how they would `` like to see as an international response by the film industry '' , comment on the state of human rights in general , or to `` report a human rights abuse to the world '' . Late in 2011 , CFI launched #OccupyCinema , an ongoing collective project in collaboration with the global Occupy movement . The project encompasses `` public space projections onto buildings or other public surfaces -- broadcasting films , video documents or live feeds , with the intention of decentralising traditional broadcast monopolies and information power structures where these interfere with freedom of speech or otherwise compel human beings to surrender to the agendas of ethically bankrupt regimes . '' On November 1 , #OccupyCinema will launch public displays of films in New York City , Dallas , Kansas , London and Paris , with more to follow over the next week . Tobias Morgan resigned as Chair in Autumn 2011 , having been commissioned to make a Cine Foundation International feature film dedicated to the Iranian film producer Katayoun Shahabi . Jesse Richards resigned in 2012 , and Blue Un Sok Kim took the Chair . Category : International human rights organizations Category : Organisations based in the United Kingdom Category : Arts organisations based in the United Kingdom Category : Film organisations in the United Kingdom", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea96a3901cb601b5b8f2bdd5e1154dfe", "text": "Bourgeois socialism Conservative or Bourgeois Socialism was a term used by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in various pieces ( including in the Communist Manifesto ) . The Marxian view is such that the bourgeois socialist is the sustainer of the current state of bourgeois class relations . Opinions vary as to whether this or that bourgeois socialist intentionally is excusing the current order but the common thread is that they are , in objective fact , preserving it . Rather than abolishing class divisions , they wish to simply raise everyone up to be a member of the bourgeoisie , to allow everyone the ability to endlessly accumulate capital without a working class . In the Communist Manifesto , Marx and Engels use philanthropists , monks ( `` temperance fanatics '' ) , and reformers as examples of this type of socialist that they saw as opposed to their own aims . In this class , Marx explicitly referenced Proudhon 's The Philosophy of Misery , stating :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "adce5f96e15ee4c223d6cdedb0e9ddf6", "text": "Music Manifesto The Music Manifesto is a government-supported campaign to improve young people 's music education in England based on an agreed strategy and set of priorities . It promotes a ` music for all ' agenda and wishes to see more musical opportunities for more young people .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2fe09f57e821690e3fd188296b87efb7", "text": "Bruno Jasieński Bruno Jasieński -LSB- ˈbrunɔ jaˈɕeɲskʲi -RSB- ; born Wiktor Zysman ( 17 July 1901 -- 17 September 1938 ) was a Polish poet and leader of the Polish futurist movement in the interwar period , executed in the Soviet Union during the Great Purge . Today one of the streets of Klimontów is named after him . Jasieński is one of the best known Polish futurists , acclaimed by members of the various modernist art groups as their patron . An annual literary festival `` Brunonalia '' held in Klimontów , Poland , is also named after him .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5ec69f76f862c9b38e890e8e962e56ca", "text": "Modern liberalism in the United States Modern American liberalism is the dominant version of liberalism in the United States . It is characterized by social liberalism , and combines ideas of civil liberty and equality with support for social justice and a mixed economy . The term `` modern liberalism '' in this article refers only to the United States . In a global context , this philosophy is usually referred to as social liberalism . The American modern liberal philosophy strongly endorses public spending on programs such as education , health care , and welfare . Important social issues today include addressing inequality , voting rights for minorities , affirmative action , reproductive and other women 's rights , support for LGBT rights , and immigration reform . Modern liberalism took shape during the twentieth century , with roots in Theodore Roosevelt 's New Nationalism , Woodrow Wilson 's New Freedom , Franklin D. Roosevelt 's New Deal , Harry S. Truman 's Fair Deal , John F. Kennedy 's New Frontier , and Lyndon B. Johnson 's Great Society . American liberals oppose conservatives on most issues , but not all . Modern liberalism is historically related to social liberalism and progressivism , though the current relationship between liberal and progressive viewpoints is debated . John F. Kennedy defined a liberal as follows : Franklin Delano Roosevelt in 1941 defined a liberal party as one , Keynesian economic theory has played an important role in the economic philosophy of modern American liberals . Modern American liberals generally believe that national prosperity requires government management of the macroeconomy , in order to keep unemployment low , inflation in check , and growth high . They also value institutions that defend against economic inequality . In The Conscience of a Liberal Paul Krugman writes : `` I believe in a relatively equal society , supported by institutions that limit extremes of wealth and poverty . I believe in democracy , civil liberties , and the rule of law . That makes me a liberal , and I 'm proud of it . '' Liberals often point to the widespread prosperity enjoyed under a mixed economy in the years since World War II . They believe liberty exists when access to necessities like health care and economic opportunity are available to all , and they champion the protection of the environment . Modern American liberalism is typically associated with the Democratic Party , as modern American conservatism is typically associated with the Republican Party .", "title": "" } ]	fever
e1de79c1e559213b7df6ad43e838e3a0	Ronda Rousey won an Olympic medal in judo during the 2008 Summer Olympics.	[ { "docid": "392b455143fbcf4e20e9bbcd37442ef3", "text": "Ronda Rousey Ronda Jean Rousey ( -LSB- ˈraʊzi -RSB- born February 1 , 1987 ) is an American mixed martial artist , judoka , and actress . Rousey was the first American woman to earn an Olympic medal in judo ( bronze ) , which she won at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing . She is the former UFC Women 's Bantamweight Champion , as well as the last Strikeforce Women 's Bantamweight Champion . She won 12 consecutive MMA fights , six in the Ultimate Fighting Championship ( UFC ) , before suffering her first loss to Holly Holm in November 2015 ; she won 11 of those fights in the first round , nine of them by armbar submission . Rousey trains under Gokor Chivichyan of the Hayastan MMA Academy , and Edmond Tarverdyan of the Glendale Fighting Club . In May 2015 , two magazines ranked Rousey as the most `` dominant '' active athlete . In September 2015 , voters in an online ESPN poll selected Rousey as the Best Female Athlete Ever . Later that month , she claimed to be the UFC 's highest paid fighter , male or female . In 2015 , she was the third most searched person on Google . As of January 2017 , Rousey is ranked the # 4 female bantamweight fighter in the world according to the UFC , and # 9 by Sherdog . Rousey 's first feature film role was the 2014 film The Expendables 3 . In 2015 , she had roles in the films Furious 7 and Entourage .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "ffdf53ec90444e1ffe1ba8a7972f0df3", "text": "Judo at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics – Girls' 63 kg The Girls ' 63 kg tournament in Judo at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics was held on August 22 at the International Convention Centre . This event was the second heaviest of the girl 's judo weight classes , limiting competitors to a maximum of 63 kilograms of body mass . The tournament bracket consisted of a single-elimination contest culminating in a gold medal match . There was also a repechage to determine the winners of the two bronze medals . Each judoka who had lost before the finals competed in the repechage with the two finalists getting bronze medals .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "37c4d2be2c5a14120c006bf5f66b1365", "text": "Rudy Hachache Rudy Hachache ( رودي حشاش born September 27 , 1979 ) is a Lebanese judoka who competed in the super heavyweight division ( +100 kg ) and open class . Hachache qualified for the men 's +100 kg at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing , after winning the bronze medal at the Asian Judo Championships in Jeju City , South Korea . He was eliminated in the first preliminary round , after being defeated by Cuba 's Óscar Brayson , who eventually won the bronze medal . However , Hachache was given a second chance of a bronze medal triumph by participating in the repechage bouts . He first defeated Peru 's Carlos Zegarra in the first round , but lost to Brazil 's João Schlittler , who scored an ippon to end the four-minute period , in the second round . Rudy is now more into rugby union and rugby league .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "704b3f8678d11c8851ff084900a2e6a3", "text": "Varvara Akritidou Varvara Akritidou ( Βαρβάρα Ακριτίδου born July 15 , 1981 in Thessaloniki ) is a Greek judoka , who competed in the women 's half-heavyweight category . She held two Greek senior titles in her own division , picked up a total of six medals in her career , and represented her home nation Greece at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens . Akritidou qualified for the Greek squad in the women 's half-heavyweight class ( 78 kg ) at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens , by filling up an entry by the International Judo Federation and the Hellenic Olympic Committee , as Greece received an automatic berth for being the host nation . She lost her opening match to an experienced Ukrainian judoka Anastasiia Matrosova , who successfully scored an ippon and dropped her to the tatami with a sukui nage ( double leg takedown ) assault at two minutes . In the repechage , Akritidou raised her hopes of claiming an Olympic bronze medal for the host nation , but slipped them away in a defeat to South Korea 's Lee So-yeon by an ippon and a kami shiho gatame one minute and sixteen seconds into their first playoff of the draft .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "091efbfeafde93c218b7bdd8bd2cbdb9", "text": "Gévrise Émane Gévrise Émane ( born 27 July 1982 ) is a French judoka . She is the current European champion in the women 's 63 kg weight class . Emane first gained attention at the 2005 World Judo Championships in Cairo , Egypt where she won the silver medal in the women 's 70 kg class . Next year , Emane won her first European title at the 2006 European Judo Championships in Tampere after an ippon in the final , against the German Heide Wollert . Emane became the world champion for the first time at the 2007 World Judo Championships in Rio de Janeiro by defeating Ronda Rousey of United States by points in the final match . After moving down in weight to the 63 kg class in 2009 , Emane claimed her second World Championship title at the 2011 World Judo Championships in Paris , where she beat two-time world champion Yoshie Ueno of Japan by unanimous decision in the final . At the 2012 Summer Olympics , she won the bronze medal .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b8d4abc77500856e7c68d68708d5e78d", "text": "Amin El Hady Amin Mohamed El-Hady ( also Amin El-Hady , أمين محمد الهادي born April 13 , 1983 in Al Sharqiyah ) is an Egyptian judoka , who played for the half-lightweight category . He is a two-time Olympian and a five-time medalist ( three gold and two silver ) at the African Judo Championships . He also captured a silver medal for his division at the 2007 All-Africa Games in Algiers , Algeria , losing out to the host nation 's Mounir Benamadi . El-Hady made his official debut for the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens , where he lost the first preliminary round match of men 's half-lightweight class ( 66 kg ) , by an ippon and a sumi gaeshi , to Algeria 's Amar Meridja . At the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing , El-Hady competed for the second time in the men 's half-lightweight class ( 66 kg ) . He first defeated Armenia 's Armen Nazaryan in the first preliminary round , before losing out his next match by a single koka and an ōuchi gari to Cuba 's Yordanis Arencibia . Because his opponent advanced further into the semi-finals , El-Hady offered another shot for the bronze medal by defeating Andorra 's Daniel García González and United States ' Taylor Takata in the repechage rounds . He finished only in seventh place , after losing out the final repechage bout to Uzbekistan 's Mirali Sharipov , who successfully scored a waza-ari ( half-point ) and a tomoe nage ( circle throw ) , at the end of the five-minute period .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "225e09b207fbc2b090801df7589efc70", "text": "Ghana at the 2008 Summer Olympics Ghana competed in the 2008 Summer Olympics held in Beijing , People 's Republic of China from August 8 to August 24 , 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "604b01b5bd59d626c54115154db2a2c3", "text": "Roman Hontyuk Roman Volodymyrovych Hontyuk , also spelled Roman Gontyuk , ( born 2 February 1984 ) is a male judoka from Ukraine . He won a silver medal in the half-middleweight ( 81 kg ) division at the 2004 Summer Olympics and bronze medal in the half-middleweight ( 81 kg ) division at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing . Hontyuk is the Merited Master of Sports of Ukraine .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e2a37393656ba968a011074679900cc", "text": "Saint Kitts and Nevis at the 2008 Summer Olympics The Saint Kitts and Nevis National Olympic Committee sent four athletes to the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing , China . All four participated in the track and field competitions across four different events . Three women ( Tiandra Ponteen , Virgil Hodge , and Meritzer Williams ) and one man ( Kim Collins ) comprised the Kittitian delegation . Williams and Ponteen did not advance past Qualifications in their events ; Hodge reached quarterfinals in both the 100m and 200m sprints ; and Collins , who participated in two events , reached the Semifinal round in the 100m sprint , and ranked sixth in the finals in the 200m sprint . Saint Kitts and Nevis did not win any medals during the Beijing Olympics . The flag bearer for the team at the opening ceremony was first-time Olympian Virgil Hodge .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eca60cd0ceddabdd6a3e702aaea1f3ea", "text": "Algeria at the 2012 Summer Olympics Algeria competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London , United Kingdom , from 27 July to 12 August 2012 . This was the nation 's twelfth consecutive appearance at the Summer Olympics , except for the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal because of the African boycott . The Algerian Olympic Committee sent a total of 39 athletes to the Games , 21 men and 18 women , to compete in 12 sports . Women 's volleyball was the only team event in which Algeria had its representation in these Olympic Games . There was only a single competitor in road cycling , rowing , sailing , shooting , swimming , and weightlifting . Boxing was the largest team by an individual-based sport , with a total of eight competitors . The Algerian team included judoka Soraya Haddad , who previously won the bronze medal in Beijing , and sabre fencer Lea Moutoussamy , who set the nation 's record as the youngest athlete , at age 14 , in its Olympic history . Light heavyweight boxer and 2011 World Series champion Abdelhafid Benchabla was the nation 's flag bearer at the opening ceremony . Algeria left London with its first Olympic gold medal since 2000 from middle-distance runner Taoufik Makhloufi .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3f2ac5d793048b7c14265d4cfd2038dc", "text": "Netherlands at the 2008 Summer Olympics The Netherlands competed at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing , People 's Republic of China . This was announced in an official statement on the NOC * NSF website . In the statement they named the Olympic Games and the Paralympic Games as a highlight in sports to which a lot of sportspeople , coaches and the Dutch sports fans would look forward . The Netherlands aimed for a top 10 nations ranking in the Olympics as well as a top 25 ranking in the Paralympics ; they ended up ranking 12th at the Games . Further in the statement they announced that they were aware of the political discussions about human rights and other issues in the People 's Republic of China and that they encouraged these discussions , but that they would only participate in sports related discussions . They say individual sportspeople , coaches and managers might have their own opinions about the issues but these would always be conveyed as personal opinions deriving from their own social views . They believe sports activities do have the opportunity to positively influence the situation in the People 's Republic of China when it comes to implementing the sports rules correctly as well as in situations improving the levels of respect , solidarity and fair play in sports . There were 243 athletes representing the Netherlands . 15 in athletics , 24 in baseball , 2 in canoeing , 27 in cycling , 8 in equestrian , 2 in fencing , 32 in field hockey , 18 in football , 2 in gymnastics , 10 in judo , 30 in rowing , 12 in sailing , 15 in softball , 21 in swimming , 3 in table tennis , 1 in taekwondo , 2 in triathlon , 6 in volleyball and 13 in water polo . 61 different athletes won a medal , which is 25.10 % of all athletes . With a gold and a silver medal Anky van Grunsven was the only multiple medalist . The athletes that qualified for the 2008 Summer Olympics are listed below .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a34bea273803db679c028f2d66995407", "text": "Judo at the 2008 Summer Paralympics – Women's 52 kg The women 's 52 kg judo competition at the 2008 Summer Paralympics was held on September 7 at the Beijing Workers ' Gymnasium . Preliminary rounds started at 12:00 pm CST . Repechage finals , semifinals , bouts for bronze medals , and the final were held at 5:00 pm CST . This event was the second-lightest of the women 's judo weight classes , limiting competitors to a maximum of 52 kilograms of body mass . Like all other judo events , bouts lasted five minutes . If the bout was still tied at the end , it was extended for another five-minute , sudden-death period ; if neither judoka scored during that period , the match is decided by the judges . The tournament bracket consisted of a single-elimination contest culminating in a gold medal match . There was also a repechage to determine the winners of the two bronze medals . Each judoka who had lost to a semifinalist competed in the repechage . The two judokas who lost in the semifinals faced the winner of the opposite half of the bracket 's repechage in bronze medal bouts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3b52316c01a70f56d571009858d47992", "text": "Judo at the 2004 Summer Paralympics – Women's 57 kg The Women 's up to 57 kg judo competition at the 2004 Summer Paralympics was held on 19 September at the Ano Liossia Olympic Hall . The tournament bracket consisted of a single-elimination contest culminating in a gold medal match . There was also a repechage to determine the winners of the two bronze medals . As there were only 6 contestants in total the repechage consisted of just the two bronze medal bouts . The event was won by Ramona Brussig , representing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b973378c802bb3c1b7bfcbf1bcbd0ca2", "text": "Judo at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's +78 kg The women 's +78 kg category in judo at the 2012 Olympic Games in London took place at the ExCeL Exhibition Centre between 28 July and 3 August . The gold and silver medals were determined by a single-elimination tournament , with the winner of the final taking gold and the loser receiving silver . Judo events awarded two bronze medals . Quarter-final losers competed in a repechage match for the right to face a semi-final loser for a bronze medal ( that is , the judokas defeated in quarter-finals ` A ' and ` B ' competed against each other , with the winner of that match facing the semi-final loser from the other half of the bracket ) . Idalys Ortiz from Cuba won the gold medal , defeating Mika Sugimoto from Japan in the final . Bronze medals were awarded to both Karina Bryant from Great Britain and Tong Wen from China .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1d51d6802b746d798ba5d962f5ed507d", "text": "Martin Kelly (judoka) Martin James Kelly ( born February 20 , 1973 in Warburton , Victoria ) is an Australian judoka , who competed in the men 's half-heavyweight category . He held six Australian titles in his own division , picked up a total of nineteen medals in his career , including a bronze from the 2002 Commonwealth Games in Manchester , England , and represented his nation Australia at the 2004 Summer Olympics . Throughout his sporting career , Kelly trained full-time for the senior team at Kido-Mingarra Judo Academy in Tuggerah , New South Wales , under head coach and sensei Pete Acciari . Kelly reached the pinnacle of his sporting career in an international level at the 2002 Commonwealth Games in Manchester , England , where he shared bronze medals with Mauritian judoka and 1996 Olympian Antonio Félicité in the men 's 100-kg division . At the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens , Kelly qualified for the Australian squad in the men 's half-heavyweight class ( 100 kg ) , by topping the field of judoka and receiving a berth from the Oceania Championships in Noumea , New Caledonia . Kelly opened his match with a brilliant ippon victory and an uki waza ( floating drop ) over Barbados ' Barry Kirk Jackman , before he was easily beaten by his next opponent and reigning Olympic champion Kosei Inoue of Japan , who threw him down the tatami with uchi mata ( inner thigh throw ) at one minute and twenty-four seconds .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "98590ed359d84148c22623493d05ec45", "text": "Olympic Sports Center Gymnasium (Beijing) The Olympic Sports Center Gymnasium is an indoor arena next to the Olympic Sports Centre Stadium at the southern part of the Olympic Green in Beijing , China . It was reformed for the 2008 Summer Olympics where it hosted the handball tournaments up to and including the quarter-finals , after which they will move to the larger Beijing National Indoor Stadium . It also hosted the Wushu Tournament Beijing 2008 , a separate wushu competition hosted by the Beijing Organizing Committee for the Olympic Games and the International Wushu Federation , which runs parallel to the Olympic Games . It has a seating capacity of 7,000 expanded from the original 6,000 and a floor space of 47,410 square metres from the current 43,000 . Three handball training courts were put to use in 2008 . The renovation was complete in August 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa6ecc880bc6b515e5033152f5629b75", "text": "Renata Ribeiro Renata Ribeiro ( born December 7 , 1981 ) is a Brazilian female beach volleyball player . Ribeiro and team mate Talita Antunes represented Brazil at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing , China . She is married to former UFC Light Heavyweight Champion Maurício Rua .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64ca81af897246dec34dd8551248ba89", "text": "Taekwondo at the 2008 Summer Olympics Taekwondo competitions at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing were held from August 20 to August 23 at the Beijing Science and Technology University Gymnasium . 128 Taekwondo practitioners , 64 men and 64 women , competed in 8 events . For the first time ever two bronze medals were awarded per event .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7ee14864dc39c18913d6b87cec6a1ac5", "text": "Rowing at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Women's single sculls Women 's single sculls competition at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing was held between August 9 and 16 , at the Shunyi Olympic Rowing-Canoeing Park . This rowing event is a single scull event , meaning that each boat is propelled by a single rower . The `` scull '' portion means that the rower uses two oars , one on each side of the boat ; this contrasts with sweep rowing in which each rower has one oar and rows on only one side ( not feasible for singles events ! ) . The competition consists of multiple rounds . Finals were held to determine the placing of each boat ; these finals were given letters with those nearer to the beginning of the alphabet meaning a better ranking . Semifinals were named based on which finals they fed , with each semifinal having two possible finals . During the first round six heats were held . The top three boats in each heat advance to the quarterfinals , together with the 6 fastest of the remaining scullers , while all others are relegated to the E/F semifinals . The quarterfinals were the second round for rowers still competing for medals . Placing in the quarterfinal heats determined which semifinal the boat would race in . The top three boats in each quarterfinal moved on to the A/B semifinals , with the bottom three boats going to the C/D semifinals . Six semifinals were held , two each of A/B semifinals , C/D semifinals , and E/F semifinals . For each semifinal race , the top three boats moved on to the better of the two finals , while the bottom three boats went to the lesser of the two finals possible . For example , a second-place finish in an A/B semifinal would result in advancement to the A final . The fourth and final round was the Finals . Each final determined a set of rankings . The A final determined the medals , along with the rest of the places through 6th . The B final gave rankings from 7th to 12th , the C from 13th to 18th , and so on . Thus , to win a medal rowers had to finish in the top four of their heat , top three of their quarterfinal , and top three of their A/B semifinal to reach the A final .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fd3bca02ab0c83f1481ecc4fb34b6999", "text": "Turkmenistan at the 2008 Summer Olympics Turkmenistan competed in the 2008 Summer Olympics held in Beijing , People 's Republic of China from August 8 to August 24 , 2008 . The country 's flagbearer at the Games ' opening ceremony was judoka Guwanç Nurmuhammedow .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6a024829504be4c2aafb288b5d42d25d", "text": "Anis Chedly Anis Chedly ( انيس الشاذلي born February 19 , 1981 ) is a Tunisian judoka who competed in the super heavyweight division ( +100 kg ) and open class . He is also a six-time African , and two-time World Cup champion in the same category , and won the gold medal at the 2007 All-Africa Games in Algiers , Algeria . At the 2008 Summer Olympics , Chedly was eliminated in the first preliminary round of the men 's +100 kg , after being defeated by France 's Teddy Riner , who eventually won the bronze medal . He was also the nation 's flag bearer at the opening ceremony .", "title": "" } ]	fever
be9c3a41a53ea1a43abe8b7aa635cee1	Ted Kaczynski did not send a letter to the New York Times.	[ { "docid": "550f587ab604d1c62726abe56f32a66a", "text": "Ted Kaczynski Theodore John Kaczynski ( -LSB- kəˈzɪnski -RSB- born May 22 , 1942 ) , also known as the `` Unabomber '' , is an American serial killer , domestic terrorist , and self-professed anarchist . A mathematical prodigy , he abandoned a promising academic career in 1969 , then between 1978 and 1995 killed three people , and injured 23 others , in a nationwide bombing campaign targeting people involved with modern technology . In conjunction with this campaign he issued a wide-ranging social critique opposing industrialization and modern technology , and advancing a nature-centered form of anarchism . Kaczynski was born and raised in Evergreen Park , Illinois . While growing up in Evergreen Park he was a child prodigy , excelling academically from an early age . Kaczynski was accepted into Harvard University at the age of 16 , where he earned an undergraduate degree . He subsequently earned a PhD in mathematics from the University of Michigan . He became an assistant professor at the University of California , Berkeley in 1967 at age 25 . He resigned two years later . As a Harvard undergraduate , Kaczynski was among twenty-two students who were research subjects in ethically questionable experiments conducted by psychology professor Henry Murray from late 1959 to early 1962 . In 1971 , he moved to a remote cabin without electricity or running water in Lincoln , Montana , where he lived as a recluse while learning survival skills in an attempt to become self-sufficient . Seventeen years after beginning his mail bomb campaign , Kaczynski sent a letter to The New York Times on April 24 , 1995 and promised `` to desist from terrorism '' if the Times or The Washington Post published his manifesto , Industrial Society and Its Future ( the `` Unabomber Manifesto '' ) , in which he argued that his bombings were extreme but necessary to attract attention to the erosion of human freedom necessitated by modern technologies requiring large-scale organization . The Unabomber was the target of one of the Federal Bureau of Investigation 's costliest investigations . Before Kaczynski 's identity was known , the FBI used the title `` UNABOM '' ( UNiversity & Airline BOMber ) to refer to his case , which resulted in the media calling him the Unabomber . The FBI ( as well as Attorney General Janet Reno ) pushed for the publication of Kaczynski 's `` Manifesto '' , which led to his sister-in-law , and then his brother , recognizing Kaczynski 's style of writing and beliefs from the manifesto , and tipping off the FBI . Kaczynski tried unsuccessfully to dismiss his court-appointed lawyers because they wanted to plead insanity in order to avoid the death penalty , as Kaczynski did not believe he was insane . When it became clear that his pending trial would entail national television exposure for Kaczynski , the court entered a plea agreement , under which he pleaded guilty and was sentenced to life in prison with no possibility of parole . He has been designated a `` domestic terrorist '' by the FBI . Some anarcho-primitivist authors , such as John Zerzan and John Moore , have come to his defense , while also holding some reservations about his actions and ideas .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "1b75e1f2b362a6e218ddecea070f9df4", "text": "Ted Alexandro Edward `` Ted '' Alexandro ( born January 26 , 1969 ) is a stand-up comedian from New York City . He has appeared on most late night talk shows and has had his own half-hour specials on Comedy Central .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8f0ff2bf3d911fc82831f608220343cb", "text": "Poet Laureate of New Jersey The Poet Laureate of New Jersey ( statutorily known as New Jersey William Carlos Williams Citation of Merit ) was an honor presented biennially by the Governor of New Jersey to a distinguished New Jersey poet . Created in 1999 , this position existed for less than four years and was abolished by the legislature effective July 2 , 2003 . When the New Jersey State Legislature created the laureate position , the bill provided specifically for the creation of an award named in honor of twentieth-century poet and physician William Carlos Williams ( 1883 -- 1963 ) who resided in Rutherford , New Jersey . However , the legislature recognized that the award 's recipient would `` be considered the poet laureate of the State of New Jersey for a period of two years . Before the position was abolished , only two poets , Gerald Stern and Amiri Baraka , had been appointed as the state 's poet laureate . The legislature 's bill was signed into law by Governor Christine Todd Whitman . It was expected that the award 's recipient -- the poet laureate -- would `` engage in activities to promote and encourage poetry within the State and shall give no fewer than two public readings within the State each year . '' In this respect , New Jersey 's poet laureate was similar to the position of Poet laureate in other American states and in several other countries . However , a public reading in September 2002 by the state 's second laureate , Newark-based poet Amiri Baraka of his poem `` Somebody Blew Up America '' was met with harsh criticism by the public and news media . The poem which explores terrorist attacks on September 11 , 2001 was considered to be violent , incendiary and anti-Semitic , and the ensuing controversy ignited a political firestorm . Because of Baraka 's defiant refusals to apologize or resign as poet laureate and that there was no mechanism within the law to remove him , the position was abolished by the legislature and Governor James E. McGreevey in 2003 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0202e2c1669bba57c4f0776118793b63", "text": "Ted Solotaroff Theodore `` Ted '' Solotaroff ( October 9 , 1928 -- August 8 , 2008 ) was an American writer , editor and literary critic .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "39ec8c14584488573809a31da108b6a2", "text": "The Night Letter The Night Letter is a 1978 book by Paul Spike , with a double-layered structure : an anti-Nazi spy thriller on the background of the early part of the Second World War , and an exposure of cynical and machiavellian maneuverings in the American corridors of power . The book belongs to the subgenre of secret history -- i.e. with a plot in which real historical figures play a substantial part , doing things which are the author 's invention but which supposedly ( for reasons given in the plot ) remained secret and did not come to the knowledge of the public . In the book , a British doctor meets in 1936 with President Franklin D. Roosevelt , who is unaware that the doctor is a Nazi sympathizer . The visitor manages to secretly photograph the President in a compromising position with his secretary , Missy LeHand ( whom historians widely assume to have been indeed Roosevelt 's mistress ) . By 1940 , senior Nazi leader Reinhard Heydrich possesses the picture and intends to use the photo for blackmail and prevent Roosevelt from running for a third term -- in the hope that whoever gets elected instead would be more likely to keep the US out of the Second World War . The President must recover the photo before the Democratic Party Convention which is about to nominate him . What makes the situation more difficult is that Roosevelt also needs to bypass the FBI -- for apprehension that should the photo fall into the hands of J. Edgar Hoover , the FBI Director might use it for his own brand of blackmail . Instead , Roosevelt employs former FBI Agent Jackson , who had left the Bureau under a cloud and incurred Hoover 's personal enmity , and who is completely loyal to the President . The bulk of the book follows Jackson 's chase after the photo , starting from Paris at the very eve of its fall to the Wehrmacht and concluding with a cataclysmic confrontation at a secret Michigan base of the `` Silver Shirts '' -- a murderous , power-mad American Fascist militia ( which truly existed , though not necessarily doing all that the book describes it as doing ) . The chase ends with a mixed result -- the Nazi agents have been killed or captured , but the negative did fall into the hands of the FBI who caught the scent of what was going on . The book ends on a cynical note : Hoover meets the President at the White House , claims to have destroyed the negatives ( which is manifestly untrue ) and proceeds to imperiously demand the sacking of Jackson -- obviously he is under the impression that he now holds Roosevelt 's fate in his hand . Upon being shown this , the President presents a photo of his own , showing Hoover in a compromising position with a handsome young FBI agent . Roosevelt and Hoover would henceforth be tied to each other , `` like convicts in chain gang '' , each able to destroy the other but only at the cost of his own destruction . Category :1978 books Category : Corruption Category : Secret histories Category : Thriller novels", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eb956f67a42d6bbcf46a2ad7f6155a51", "text": "Lists of The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers This is a list of lists by year of The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers . The New York Times Best Seller list was first published without fanfare on 12 October 1931 . It consisted of five fiction and four non-fiction for the New York City region only . The following month the list was expanded to eight cities , with a separate list for each city . By the early 1940s , fourteen cities were included . A national list was created 9 April 1942 , in The New York Times Book Review ( Sundays ) as a supplement to the regular paper 's city lists ( Monday edition ) . The national list ranked by weighting how many times the book appeared in each city list . A few years later , the city lists were eliminated leaving only the national rankings , which was compiled according to `` reports from leading booksellers in 22 cities , '' a system which remains , although the specifics have changed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7dbff0f0b54e1fe5f7b84a19419e0f61", "text": "Raczynski Raczyński or Raczynski may refer to : Aleksander Raczyński ( 1822-1889 ) , Polish portrait painter Bogdan Raczynski , Canada-based braindance artist Edward Aleksander Raczyński ( 1847 -- 1926 ) , Polish nobleman , patron of arts Edward Bernard Raczyński ( 1891 -- 1993 ) , Polish aristocrat , diplomat , writer , politician and President of Poland in exile ( 1979 -- 1986 ) Edward Raczyński ( 1786 -- 1845 ) ( 1786 -- 1845 ) , Polish conservative politician , protector of arts , founder of the Raczyński Library in Poznań Nicole Raczynski ( born 1980 ) , American professional wrestler Raczyński Library in Poznań , founded by Edward Raczyński ( 1786 -- 1845 ) , in Poznań", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3535fe1e54966de9fe35665d8ee31016", "text": "The Refusal `` The Refusal '' ( German : `` Die Abweisung '' ) is a short story by Franz Kafka . Written in the autumn of 1920 , it was not published in Kafka 's lifetime . The story involves the narration of a young boy living in a small town that is fairly distanced from its capital . The boy reflects on how the town 's inhabitants humbly submit to orders issued by the capital and are led by the tax-collector , a man with the rank of colonel . The boy goes into great detail describing the soldiers that uphold the tax-collector 's law , and how they appear inhuman to the public and seem unable to speak their language . In times of crisis , the town always appeals to the colonel for government aid , and if it is anything serious , it is always refused . The final paragraph describes the narrator 's observation that it is due to this situation that ' ... young people roughly between seventeen and twenty . ' begin to feel discontent and find revolutionary ideas because they are incapable of foreseeing the consequences .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9262f045ad6427ec61cda01bb7e474ff", "text": "2011 Pulitzer Prize The 2011 Pulitzer Prizes were announced on Monday , April 18 , 2011 . The Los Angeles Times won two prizes , including the highest honor for Public Service . The New York Times also won two awards . No prize was handed out in the Breaking News category . The Wall Street Journal won an award for the first time since 2007 . Jennifer Egan 's A Visit From the Goon Squad picked up the Fiction prize after already winning the 2010 National Book Critics Circle Award . Photographer Carol Guzy of The Washington Post became the first journalist to win four Pulitzer Prizes . In December 2010 , three rules changes were revealed for the 2011 Awards . The first allows print and online outlets that publish at least weekly to use a number of media to report the news `` including text reporting , videos , databases , multimedia or interactive presentations or any combination of those formats '' . The second rule change allows up to five people to be named in an award citation ; the previous limit was three . The final rule change allows for digital submission of images to the judges in the two photography categories . Below , the winner ( s ) in each category are listed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "39a7adeee2634455caa21c8e44e39854", "text": "House of Tyszkiewicz The Tyszkiewicz family ( Tyszkiewiczowie , singular : Tyszkiewicz , Тышкевічы , singular : Тышкевіч , Tiškevičiai , singular : Tiškevičius , Тишкевичі , singular : Тишкевич , Тышкевичи , singular : Тышкевич ) was a wealthy and influential Polish-Lithuanian magnate family of Ruthenian origin , with roots traced to the times of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania . They held the Polish coat of arms Leliwa . Their nobility was reaffirmed in Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Russian Empire . The family traces its roots to a 15th-century Ruthenian boyar Kalenyk Mishkovych and derives from the name of his son , Tysha with the addition of the patronymic , resulting in Tyszkiewicz-Kalenicki . A branch of the family germanised the name to Tischkowitz and a few members of this branch are still to be found in Germany and the UK . Places named Tyszkiewicz Palace , `` former Tyszkiewicz Palace '' , Tiškevičiai Palace , and other historical properties of the family are located in Warsaw , Kraków and Vilnius , as well as in numerous towns of modern Poland , Belarus , Lithuania and Ukraine ( in Palanga , Kretinga , Lahojsk , Raudondvaris , Berdychiv , Biržai , Kavarskas , Deltuva , Trakai , Lentvaris , Seredžius , etc. . )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e3d534eececde747821153575c55cfaa", "text": "Warren Kozak Warren Kozak ( born 1951 ) is an American journalist and author . His writing appears frequently on the OpEd pages of the Wall Street Journal , the New York Sun and other newspapers and magazines . He was an on-air reporter at National Public Radio and wrote for television network anchors including Ted Koppel , Charles Gibson , Diane Sawyer and Aaron Brown .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d30dab2352314febe2bd1f1fb7aef85b", "text": "Ken Kurson Kenneth `` Ken '' Kurson ( born October 23 , 1968 ) is an American political consultant , journalist , and author who currently serves as Chief Editor of The New York Observer . He previously served as executive vice president of Jamestown Associates , a political consulting firm based in Princeton , New Jersey and Washington , DC . PolitickerNJ ranked him as the 71st most influential individual in New Jersey politics on their 2009 Power List .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "520346ee20d9c95f7254aecf08763fe6", "text": "Syracuse New Times Syracuse New Times is a weekly alternative newspaper published in Syracuse , New York , by William Brod and distributed throughout the Central New York region . It is owned by All Times Publishing LLC . The publication is released every Wednesday , printing 46,000 copies and distributed to approximately 1150 locations in Central New York .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d825464d0f138f4dce7b32bb1c1a9963", "text": "Unabomber: The True Story Unabomber : The True Story is a 1996 American television film starring Tobin Bell as Ted Kaczynski , who is also known as the Unabomber .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4ea0b155ad456aa931d5fd92fbc5f127", "text": "Free Society of Teutonia The Free Society of Teutonia was one of the earliest National Socialist organizations to appear in America . It was a German American organization that was associated with a strong support for Nazism . The Society was formed in 1924 by four German immigrants , including Nazi Party members Fritz and Peter Gissibl and their brother Andrew . The organization was originally led by German immigrant and non-citizen Fritz Gissibl , who made his headquarters in Chicago and from there it set about recruiting ethnic Germans who supported German nationalist aims . The Teutonia Society initially functioned as a club , but soon raised a group of militants based on the SA and , with membership increasing , became vocal critics of Jews , communism and the Treaty of Versailles . Alongside this however it retained a social function , with Teutonia Society meetings frequently ending up in heavy beer drinking sessions . The group changed its name to the Nationalistic Society of Teutonia in 1926 , at which point Peter Gissibil was advising members to also seek Nazi Party membership . The group gained a strong , if fairly small following , and was able to establish units in Milwaukee , St. Louis , Missouri , Detroit , New York City , Cincinnati and Newark , New Jersey The group 's treasurer was Fritz Gissibil , who was also the main Nazi Party representative in the United States and who regularly collected money for the Nazis through the Society . A `` thank you '' letter from Adolf Hitler to the Society would cause a stir during the Second World War when the Gissibil brothers were brought to trial following an FBI investigation . The group accepted Hitler as its titular leader and members adopted the Nazi salute , the Society changed its name again in October 1932 to become the Friends of the Hitler Movement . Under orders of German immigrant and German Nazi Party member Heinz Spanknöbel , the Society was dissolved in March 1933 . In May 1933 , Nazi Deputy Führer Rudolf Hess gave Heinz Spanknöbel authority to form an American Nazi organization . Shortly thereafter , with help from the German consul in New York City , Spanknöbel created the Friends of New Germany by merging two older organizations in the United States , Gau-USA and the Free Society of Teutonia , which were both small groups with only a few hundred members each . The Friends of New Germany in turn formed the basis of the German American Bund in 1936 , the latter name being chosen to emphasise the group 's American credentials after press criticism that the Society was unpatriotic . One of the leaders of the Teutonia Society was Walter Kappe . Kappe ( b. 1904 ) arrived in the United States in 1925 and worked in a farm implement factory in Kankakee , Illinois . Later he moved to Chicago and began to write for German language newspapers . Kappe was fluent in English and later became the press secretary for the German American Bund . He founded their paper Deutscher Weckruf und Beobachter and its predecessor Deutsche Zeitung . In 1936 , when the German American Bund was established , Kappe organized the AV Publishing Company and five other Bund corporations . Fritz Kuhn ousted Kappe from his position in the Bund seeing him as a dangerous rival . In 1937 , Kappe returned to Germany , where he was attached to Abwehr II ( the sabotage branch of German intelligence ) where he obtained a Naval commission with the rank of lieutenant . He was designated by Adolf Hitler to launch a sabotage operation against America shortly after the attack on Pearl Harbor . Known as Operation Pastorius , Kappe recruited men for the mission by reviewing records from the Ausland Institute ( German Foreign Institute ) of those who were paid to return to Germany from America . He established a sabotage school on the outskirts of Berlin to train the new recruits . Once the sabotage network was established and transferred to America , Kappe planned to slip into the US with a new identity and direct operations . On June 13 , 1942 , Richard Quirin , George John Dasch , Heinrich Harm Heinck and Ernst Peter Burger landed on a beach near Amagansett , Long Island , New York on a U-boat . A similar group landed on Ponte Vedra Beach , near Jacksonville , Florida on June 17 , 1942 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a8f7ed612c2ba6780e09ff98e553ed1e", "text": "Polish presidential election, 2015 Presidential elections were held in Poland on 10 and 24 May 2015 . In the first round of voting , opposition Law and Justice ( PiS ) candidate Andrzej Duda received the greatest number of votes with a share of 34.76 % , followed by incumbent president Bronisław Komorowski ( with 33.77 % ) , who ran as an independent with the endorsement of the Civic Platform ( PO ) , which he had renounced his membership in after winning the 2010 elections . Independent candidate Paweł Kukiz came third with 20.80 % of the votes . As no candidate had received more than 50 % of the votes cast , a second round was held on 24 May between the two highest-placed candidates , Duda and Komorowski . This round was won by Duda with 51.5 % of the votes , to Komorowski 's 48.5 % . This was the closest presidential election in Polish history . The victory of Duda 's Law and Justice party was one of the latest in a series of electoral victories for eurosceptic centre-right and right-wing parties in Europe . His party received strong support in the eastern half of the country closest to Ukraine and had campaigned on a platform of tax cuts , continued privatization , continued social welfare spending , anti-corruption , constitutional reform , increased military spending and closer ties to NATO , limited support of EU integration , and restrictions on abortion , euthanasia , legal recognition of same-sex couples and media portrayals of sex and violence .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aea32eeb51d6b981b59301a748cf73dd", "text": "Black Balloon Publishing Black Balloon Publishing is an independent book publisher headquartered in New York City . The company was founded in 2010 by Elizabeth Koch , co-founder of Literary Death Match , and Leigh Newman , deputy editor of Oprah.com . Black Balloon publishes literary fiction , nonfiction and memoir , and its titles have been featured in The New Yorker , New York , TIME , Bon Appetit , Esquire and NPR . Published authors include Paul Kwiatkowski , Robert Perišić , Bill Peters and Louise Krug . Black Balloon also publishes The Airship , a blog about art , culture and literature .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3d6a6e3998e72a3dabc2f53be795e415", "text": "Theodore S. Weiss Theodore S. `` Ted '' Weiss ( September 17 , 1927 -- September 14 , 1992 ) was a Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives from New York serving from 1977 until his death from heart failure in New York City in 1992 . Weiss was born in Gáva , Hungary and emigrated to the United States in 1938 as his family fled the Nazi invasion of Hungary . He grew up in Perth Amboy , New Jersey . Weiss served in the United States Army from 1946 until 1947 . He graduated from Syracuse University in 1951 , earning a law degree from Syracuse University College of Law in 1952 . In 1953 , Weiss became a naturalized citizen of the United States . Between 1955 and 1959 , he served as assistant New York County , New York ( Manhattan ) district attorney , before leaving the position to return to private practice . From 1962 until 1976 , Weiss was a member of the New York City Council . He was a delegate to the 1972 Democratic National Convention . Weiss was elected to Congress in 1976 , representing most of Manhattan 's West Side , and served from January 3 , 1977 , until his death . Weiss was known for his avid support of liberal causes , including civil rights , open government , and the arts . He served on the House Committee on Banking , Finance , and Urban Affairs , the House Committee on Government Operations , and the House Committee on Foreign Affairs . In 1985 Weiss headed a committee that found 90 percent of the twenty to thirty thousand new drugs used on farm animals had not been approved by the FDA in violation of the Federal Food , Drug , and Cosmetic Act . They also found that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration ( FDA ) failed to remove several drugs already known to be carcinogens . Weiss died three days before the state 's Democratic primary election . Due to the Congressman 's ailing health , five Democrats appeared on the ballot to challenge him . Nonetheless , Weiss posthumously won the primary by a huge margin . State Assemblyman Jerry Nadler was named to replace Weiss on the ballot and was handily elected in November ; Nadler still holds the seat . The Ted Weiss Federal Building in Lower Manhattan , adjacent to the African Burial Ground National Monument , has been named in Weiss ' honor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "87d5ab2faadecaad3b3cee1fbcde7e9e", "text": "The New Ledger The New Ledger commonly referred to as `` Pete '' , is an American web publication which pairs aggregated and ranked news stories with right of center opinion articles by free-market minded moderates , libertarians and conservatives . The site 's slogan is `` Welcome to the Know . '' Launched in February 2009 , the New Ledger 's contributors and editors include Pejman Yousefzadeh , Francis Cianfrocca , Christopher Badeaux , Brad Jackson , Benjamin Kerstein , Ted Bromund , Sean Noble , and Amanda Carpenter , some of whom have individual blogs hosted on the site . It is edited by Ben Domenech , who co-founded the conservative activism site Redstate . TNL , as site commenters call it , is not a political activism site , and occasionally publishes articles by conservative Democrats . According to its mission statement : `` Our goal is to sift through the noise to bring your attention to the news you need and want , in order to better understand the times we live in . '' The Transom section aggregates newswire content , while the `` sorted and ranked for you '' Daily Reads on the site , usually news and blog stories on business and politics , are assigned one to five stars on readability . Articles are typically strongly opposed to President Barack Obama 's domestic and economic policies , particularly criticizing the government takeovers of Chrysler and GM . However , TNL has also published articles supporting Obama 's policies on detainees and the environment , as well as the Supreme Court nomination of Judge Sonia Sotomayor . The New Ledger is frequently featured by the RealClearPolitics network of sites and by the website of CBS News , both of which have republished several of their stories . They are linked regularly by US News and World Report , National Public Radio , National Journal , The Hill , Instapundit , The Root , and throughout the conservative blogosphere . In July 2009 , TNL launched a daily podcast called Coffee & Markets , a roughly 15 minute morning podcast Francis Cianfrocca 's thoughts on Wall Street , economic policy , and other political subjects . The podcast was cross promoted at The Washington Times for some time , and after gaining some popularity , became sponsored by Andrew Breitbart 's BigGovernment blog .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f9fbf3d5866c4a4b3673f32c7d61a316", "text": "POETICS list The University of Buffalo POETICS listserv ( informally and variously known as UBPOETICS or the POETICS list ) is one of the oldest and most widely known mailing lists devoted to the discussion of contemporary North American poetry and poetics . It began on 8 December 1993 , although the most easily accessible archive only contains messages from after the middle of 1994 . A number of influential poets and critics associated with various movements in contemporary poetry , including Marjorie Perloff and Charles Bernstein , are list subscribers . Estimates of list membership numbers vary , but are around 1800 readers . It is run on servers owned by University at Buffalo , and is associated with that school 's graduate program in poetics . It is a closed list with submitted postings selected by the administrator and editor Amy King . The list has undergone numerous controversies over the years ; in 1999 , Bernstein briefly shut down the list allegedly in response to a large number of postings by one subscriber , Henry Gould , who denies his postings as the cause . The list later reopened . Currently the list provides for a mild amount of moderation by the list owners , with most messages `` pre-approved '' ; the new list rules also state that : `` We generally do not accept postings of creative work not directed toward a discussion of poetics issues on the list . The Poetics List is not a venue for the posting of free-standing , personal poems or journal entries . However , the Poetics List editor may occasionally solicit or approve poems for posting on the list . '' In the early days of the list , membership , list discussions and even the existence of the list itself were kept private , and members were required not to discuss the contents of list postings or the list itself with `` outsiders . '' People who wished to join the list were asked to provide a short `` personal statement '' before being approved . `` Real names '' were also required . These requirements have been relaxed in recent years , although some remain technically in force . In 2001 the list served as the main forum for a protest against the appointment of Billy Collins as Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress . Members of the list participated in the election of an anti-laureate run by Robert Archambeau . Anselm Hollo was elected to this honorary position", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1f9191d62fe1a8fba25c19954431a3ff", "text": "Deadline (science fiction story) `` Deadline '' is a 1944 science fiction short story by American writer Cleve Cartmill , first published in Astounding Science Fiction . The story described the then-secret atomic bomb in some detail . At that time the bomb was still under development and top secret , which prompted a visit by the FBI . In 1943 , Cartmill suggested to John W. Campbell , the then-editor of Astounding , that he could write a story about a futuristic super-bomb . Campbell liked the idea and supplied Cartmill with considerable background information gleaned from unclassified scientific journals , on the use of Uranium-235 to make a nuclear fission device . The resulting story appeared in the issue of Astounding dated March 1944 , which actually appeared early in February of that year . By March 8 it had come to the attention of the Counterintelligence Corps , who saw many similarities between the technical details in the story and the research currently being undertaken in great secrecy at Los Alamos . Gregory Benford describes the incident as told him by Edward Teller in his autobiographical essay `` Old Legends '' : Coming three years later in the same magazine , Cleve Cartmill 's `` Deadline '' provoked astonishment in the lunch table discussions at Los Alamos . It really did describe isotope separation and the bomb itself in detail , and raised as its principal plot pivot the issue the physicists were then debating among themselves : should the Allies use it ? To the physicists from many countries clustered in the high mountain strangeness of New Mexico , cut off from their familiar sources of humanist learning , it must have seemed particularly striking that Cartmill described an allied effort , a joint responsibility laid upon many nations . Discussion of Cartmill 's `` Deadline '' was significant . The story 's detail was remarkable , its sentiments even more so . Did this rather obscure story hint at what the American public really thought about such a superweapon , or would think if they only knew ? Talk attracts attention , Teller recalled a security officer who took a decided interest , making notes , saying little . In retrospect , it was easy to see what a wartime intelligence monitor would make of the physicists ' conversations . Who was this guy Cartmill , anyway ? Where did he get these details ? Who tipped him to the isotope separation problem ? `` and that is why Mr. Campbell received his visitors . '' Fearing a security breach , the FBI began an investigation into Cartmill , Campbell , and some of their acquaintances ( including Isaac Asimov and Robert A. Heinlein ) . It appears that the authorities eventually accepted the explanation that the story 's material had been gleaned from unclassified sources , but as a precautionary measure they requested that Campbell should not publish any further stories about nuclear technology for the remainder of the war . Campbell , in the meantime , had guessed from the number of Astounding subscribers who had suddenly moved to the Los Alamos area , that the US government probably had some sort of technical or scientific project ongoing there . He declined to volunteer this information to the FBI .", "title": "" } ]	fever
93465f66952ae9c99f213f5690ef3791	All the Pretty Horses is an American film.	[ { "docid": "7ecc595abe8a2660fe0024d1109bbac6", "text": "All the Pretty Horses (film) All the Pretty Horses is a 2000 American romance western film produced and directed by Billy Bob Thornton , and based on Cormac McCarthy 's novel of the same name . Starring Matt Damon and Penélope Cruz , the film was released on Christmas Day 2000 to mostly negative reviews . It grossed $ 18 million worldwide , against a $ 57 million budget .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "af82c074d1c74ca2934e616c9b5de3aa", "text": "Cinema Handicap The Cinema Handicap is an American Thoroughbred horse race held annually at Hollywood Park Racetrack in Inglewood , California . Raced on turf over a distance of one and one-eighth miles ( 9 furlongs ) during the third week of June , the Grade III event is open to three-year-old horses . The race was run in two divisions in 1961 and 1963 . It was not run in 1974 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "550222d683405ae5aca417980e62a6cb", "text": "The Country Girl (1954 film) The Country Girl is a 1954 American drama film directed by George Seaton and starring Bing Crosby , Grace Kelly , and William Holden . Adapted by George Seaton from Clifford Odets ' 1950 play of the same name , the film is about an alcoholic has-been actor struggling with the one last chance he 's been given to resurrect his career . Seaton won the Academy Award for Best Writing , Adapted Screenplay . It was entered in the 1955 Cannes Film Festival . Kelly won the Oscar for Best Actress for the role , which previously had earned Uta Hagen her first Tony Award in the play 's original Broadway production . The role , a non-glamorous departure for Kelly , was as the alcoholic actor 's long-suffering wife . The win was a huge surprise , as most critics and people in the press felt that Judy Garland would win for A Star Is Born . NBC even sent a camera crew to Garland 's hospital room , where she was recuperating from the birth of her son , in order to conduct a live interview with her if she won . The win by Kelly instead famously prompted Groucho Marx to send Garland a telegram stating it was `` the biggest robbery since Brinks . '' Given the period of its production , the film is notable for its realistic , frank dialogue and honest treatments of the surreptitious side of alcoholism and post-divorce misogyny .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "92148a39cdb695da63a7350c7facae1e", "text": "Election (1999 film) Election is a 1999 American black comedy-drama film directed and written by Alexander Payne and adapted by him and Jim Taylor from Tom Perrotta 's 1998 novel of the same title . The plot revolves around a high school election and satirizes both suburban high school life and politics . The film stars Matthew Broderick as Jim McAllister , a popular high school social studies teacher in suburban Omaha , Nebraska , and Reese Witherspoon as Tracy Flick , around the time of the school 's student body election . When Tracy qualifies to run for class president , McAllister believes she does not deserve the title and tries his best to stop her from winning . Although a box office bomb , Election received critical acclaim . The film received an Academy Award nomination for Best Adapted Screenplay , a Golden Globe nomination for Witherspoon in the Best Actress category , and the Independent Spirit Award for Best Film in 1999 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5394c0dae3d71aa25d972db4b3cefd98", "text": "Pretty (advertisement) Pretty ( or I Feel Pretty ) is a television advertisement launched in 2006 by Nike , Inc. to promote its Nike Women brand of sportswear . The 60-second spot was handled by advertising agency Wieden + Kennedy in Portland , Oregon . The advert stars Russian tennis player Maria Sharapova in her first appearance as a spokesperson for the brand . Pretty debuted on U.S. television on August 20 , 2006 , with later appearances in cinemas and in print advertisements . It was directed by Czech director Ivan Zacharias , with post-production and VFX work by The Mill . The piece was a critical and popular success . It garnered several prestigious awards from the advertising and television industries , including two Cannes Gold Lions and a Gold Effie Award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f98bb41838ece69c768bb1e545831057", "text": "War Horse (novel) War Horse is a children 's novel by English author Michael Morpurgo . It was first published in Great Britain by Kaye & Ward in 1982 . The story recounts the experiences of Joey , a horse purchased by the Army for service in World War I France and the attempts of young Albert , his previous owner , to bring him safely home . It formed the basis of both an award winning play ( 2007 ) and an acclaimed film adaptation ( 2011 ) by Steven Spielberg .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa9248209623c00dbd633857575c9a80", "text": "National Thoroughbred Racing Association The National Thoroughbred Racing Association ( NTRA ) is a broad-based coalition of American horse racing interests consisting of leading thoroughbred racetracks , owners , breeders , trainers and affiliated horse racing associations , charged with increasing the popularity of horse racing and improving economic conditions for industry participants . The NTRA has offices in Lexington , Kentucky , and Rye Brook , New York . Historically , it is the marketing departments of the individual tracks , not the national marketing campaigns , which have attracted a fan base . In 2012 , the radio campaign by advertising agency , DeVito/Verdi , led to an increase in a younger , more affluent fan base , and won the Mercury awards for the best radio campaign .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c51775fd65a62b57f9b9073e32b9de7b", "text": "Stock horse A stock horse is a horse of a type that is well suited for working with livestock , particularly cattle . The related cow pony or cow horse is a historic phrase , still used colloquially today , referring to a particularly small agile cattle-herding horse ; the term dates to 1874 . The word `` pony '' in this context has little to do with the animal 's size . though the traditional cow pony could be as small as 700 to and less than high . Such horses are characterized by agility , quickness , and powerful hindquarters . They are usually noted for intelligence and `` cow sense , '' having an instinctive understanding of how to respond to the movement of cattle so as to move livestock in a desired manner with minimal or no guidance from their rider . Such horses are used both as working animals on livestock ranches or stations , and are also seen in competition where horses are evaluated on their ability to work cattle . The term may refer to any of the following : A horse used for ranch work or for competition based on the movements of a working ranch horse , including : campdrafting cutting ( sport ) ranch sorting reining rodeo , particularly calf roping and team roping team penning working cow horse An outdated term for reining or working cow horse competition . Any breed used for ranch or cattle work in the United States , or work on cattle stations in Australia , including : Australian Stock Horse American Quarter Horse American Paint Horse Appaloosa Banker horse Carolina Marsh Tacky Florida Cracker Horse Any other breed of horse used for western riding , ranch work or for stock horse types of competition . Any breed or type of light riding horse of a phenotype that includes a powerful build with heavily muscled hindquarters that appears suitable for work as a stock horse . This includes some representatives of a variety of breeds and crossbreeds . Among breeds with stock horse-type representatives include : Arabian horse Morab Morgan horse Mustang Pony of the Americas Quarab", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f74f33a755e80686e0812bb01680f132", "text": "All the Pretty Horses All the Pretty Horses may refer to : All the Pretty Horses ( novel ) , a 1992 novel by Cormac McCarthy All the Pretty Horses ( film ) , a 2000 film based on the novel `` All the Pretty Little Horses '' ( also known as `` Hush-a-bye '' ) , a traditional lullaby from the Southern United States", "title": "" }, { "docid": "256ecda430ab987708b4bd0599953b10", "text": "Flat racing Flat racing is a form of horse racing which is run on a level racecourse . It is run over a predetermined distance from 2 furlong up to 3 mi and is either test of speed , stamina or both , whilst the skills of the jockey is determined by his ability to restrain the horse or impel it . Flat racing does not require horses to jump over any obstacles such as is required for hurdling or Steeplechase . It differs from harness racing where horses are pulling a sulky and wear a harness . While in many countries flat racing is the most common form of horse racing , in Britain and Ireland it is used to describe the racing season that comes after the Jumps racing which is traditionally held over the winter period . Many different horse breeds are used in flat racing worldwide , but the Thoroughbred is the most dominant . The races take place on track surfaces suitable for horses . Worldwide , the most common is a natural grass surface , called `` turf '' . In North America , the most common surface is a harrowed `` dirt '' surface , often based primarily on a mixture of sand and local soil . Most winter flat races in Britain and other parts of the world are run on a synthetic or all-weather surface , generally a blend of sand with synthetic fiber and/or rubber , often coated with wax or a similar substance .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "32137e687b2e1271d8c3f4ca61a79815", "text": "Goats (film) Goats is a 2012 comedy-drama film directed by Christopher Neil and written by Mark Poirier based on his 2000 novel Goats . The film stars David Duchovny , Vera Farmiga , Graham Phillips , Keri Russell , Justin Kirk , and Ty Burrell . The film premiered at the Sundance Film Festival on January 24 , 2012 , and was given a limited release in the United States on August 10 , 2012 by Image Entertainment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d9831200fa1eb9a6182550db1ee68eb8", "text": "Nez Perce Horse The Nez Perce Horse is a spotted horse breed of the Nez Perce tribe of Idaho . The Nez Perce Horse Registry ( NPHR ) program began in 1995 in Lapwai , Idaho and is based on cross-breeding the old-line Appaloosa horses ( the Wallowa herd ) with an ancient Central Asian breed called Akhal-Teke . This program seeks to re-establish the horse culture of the Nez Perce , a tradition of selective breeding of Appaloosa horses and horsemanship that was destroyed in the 19th century . The breeding program was financed by the United States Department of Health and Human Services , the Nez Perce tribe and a nonprofit group called the First Nations Development Institute , which promotes such businesses . The Nez Perce Horse is `` fit to carry the Nez Perce name , '' according to Rudy Shebala , director of the Tribe 's Horse Registry and the Nez Perce Young Horsemen program . The Akhal-Teke is an ancient breed that originated in Turkmenistan ( near Afghanistan ) . They are known for their superb endurance and `` metallic '' coats . The Akhal-Teke coat colors commonly include palominos , buckskins , and dark bays . A typical Nez Perce Horse is a buckskin or palomino with Appaloosa characteristics -- mottled skin with a spotted coat or a blanket . The Nez Perce Horse 's conformation is longer and leaner than the Quarter Horses or other stock horses of the Western U.S. , with narrower shoulders and hindquarters , a longer back , and a lean runner 's appearance . They are good at long rides and compete well in endurance races ; they are also good jumpers . The Nez Perce Horses are often gaited , with a fast and smooth running walk . The Nez Perce say that the horse has attitude . The Nez Perce people are historically known for their selective horse breeding practices , according to NPHR breeders Jon and Rosa Yearout . `` We strive to follow the lead of our ancestors and carry on their legacy and traditions . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "73f35a1bb7cfa8a1d18f4dbbe6733bef", "text": "Hollywood & Wine Hollywood & Wine is a 2010 American comedy film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2b9b766406c2f29537da2d8a86cb4ef0", "text": "Racehorse injuries Racehorse injuries and fatalities are a side effect of training and competition . The problem with equine injuries is that they so often result in death . A 2005 study by the United States Department of Agriculture found that injuries are the second leading cause of death in horses , second only to old age . Nureyev 's recovery from a broken leg while retired at stud in 1987 typifies the struggle horses have after being injured . Two years after Secretariat 's recordbreaking US Triple Crown took the sport in the United States to a new level of popularity , the breakdown and death of Ruffian brought on a new era of safety concerns . Racehorses had been breaking down for centuries , but never before in an event so widely seen as the great match race between Ruffian and Foolish Pleasure at Belmont Park with 18 million viewers . The horse racing industry has been trying to adapt to the increased safety concerns ever since . `` I personally think that in a very real way , we 're almost held to a higher standard because of the horses -- they do n't make the decision to do this . And I think that 's fair , '' said Nick Nicholson , the president and chief executive of Keeneland .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d66b7d0ac2ba1c69e151792742cc51c0", "text": "List of American films of 1999 A list of American films released in 1999 . American Beauty won the Academy Award for Best Picture .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2a9e3ceaed6e2f9ae739afd5b4df510b", "text": "Animal Farm (1999 film) Animal Farm is a made-for-TV film released in 1999 by Hallmark Films and broadcast on the American cable channel TNT . It is an adaptation of the 1945 George Orwell novel of the same name . The film tells the story of farm animals successfully revolting against their human owner , only to slide into a more brutal tyranny among themselves . The film received mixed reviews when it was broadcast , with much criticism directed at its ending .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "265457bbd71c6794b018f6d68b1e85e8", "text": "25th Academy Awards The 25th Academy Awards ceremony was held on March 19 , 1953 . It took place at the RKO Pantages Theatre in Hollywood , California , and the NBC International Theatre in New York City . It was the first Academy Awards ceremony to be televised , and the first ceremony to be held in Hollywood and New York City simultaneously . It was also the only year that the New York ceremonies were to be held in the NBC International Theatre on Columbus Circle , which was shortly thereafter demolished and replaced by the New York Coliseum convention center . A major upset occurred in the category of Best Picture . The heavily favored High Noon lost to Cecil B. DeMille 's The Greatest Show on Earth , eventually considered among the worst films to have won the Academy Award for Best Picture . The American film magazine Premiere placed the movie on its list of the 10 worst Oscar winners and the British film magazine Empire rated it # 3 on their list of the 10 worst Oscar winners . It has the lowest spot on Rotten Tomatoes ' list of the 81 films to win Best Picture . Of all the films nominated for the Oscar this year , only High Noon and Singin ' in the Rain would show up 46 years later on the American Film Institute list of the greatest American films of the 20th Century . For a film that only received two nominations , Singin ' in the Rain went on to be named as the greatest American musical film of all time and in the 2007 American Film Institute updated list as the fifth greatest American film of all time , while High Noon was ranked twenty-seventh on the same 2007 list , as well . The Bad and the Beautiful won five awards , the most wins ever for a film not nominated for Best Picture . It was also the second Academy Awards in which a film not nominated for Best Picture received the most awards of the evening , excluding years where there were ties for the most wins . The only other film to do this was The Thief of Bagdad at the 13th Academy Awards ; as of the 87th Academy Awards , it has not happened since . Until Spotlight won only Best Picture and Best Original Screenplay at the 88th Academy Awards , this was the last year in which the Best Picture winner won just two Oscars . It was also the second of three years to date in which two films not nominated for Best Picture received more nominations than the winner ( The Bad and the Beautiful and Hans Christian Andersen , both with six ) . This occurred again at the 79th Academy Awards . Shirley Booth also became the last person to win an Oscar in a Leading Role to be born in the 19th century . She also holds the distinction of being the first woman in her 50s to win the award , at the age of 54 ( the second woman in her 50s to win , Julianne Moore , was 54 when awarded at the 87th Academy Awards ) . John Ford 's fourth win for Best Director set a record for the most wins in this category that remains unmatched to this day . For the first time since the introduction of Supporting Actor and Actress awards in 1936 , Best Picture , Best Director , and all four acting Oscars went to six different films . This has happened only three times since , at the 29th Academy Awards for 1956 , the 78th for 2005 , and the 85th for 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "651e5fe99cf7d2e8c5a69a6c851d7183", "text": "Westward Ho the Wagons! Westward Ho , The Wagons ! is a 1956 live-action Disney western film , aimed at family audiences . Based on Mary Jane Carr 's novel Children of the Covered Wagon , the film was produced by Bill Walsh , directed by William Beaudine , and released to theatres on December 20 , 1956 by Buena Vista Distribution Company . Fess Parker starred in the film , which also featured the final big-screen appearance of George Reeves . It was released on videotape March 18 , 1997 . The film was shot in Janss Conejo Ranch , California .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "46211b5ec3068eabd62dbfa83f68e7df", "text": "The Black Stallion Returns The Black Stallion Returns is a 1983 film adaptation of the book of the same name by Walter Farley , and is a sequel to The Black Stallion . It is directed by Robert Dalva and produced by Francis Ford Coppola for MGM/UA Entertainment Company . The movie stars Kelly Reno , Vincent Spano and Teri Garr . The portrayal of The Black was shared between Cass Ole , the horse from The Black Stallion , and El Mokhtar .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1a7c75d6063c5f10579626f13da78588", "text": "Horse Soldiers (film) Horse Soldiers is an upcoming 2018 American war drama film directed by Nicolai Fuglsig and written by Peter Craig and Ted Tally , based on Doug Stanton 's non-fiction book of same name , about the CIA agents and U.S. Special Forces sent to Afghanistan right after the September 11 attacks . The film stars Chris Hemsworth , Michael Shannon , Michael Peña , Austin Stowell , Trevante Rhodes , and Rob Riggle .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "71e01b91cd0f83f1e28e19b47ecc22a8", "text": "Derby Day (1952 film) Derby Day is a 1952 British drama film directed by Herbert Wilcox and starring Anna Neagle , Michael Wilding , Googie Withers , John McCallum and Alfie Bass . An ensemble piece , it portrays several characters on their way to the Derby Day races at Epsom Downs Racecourse . It was an attempt to revive the success that Neagle and Wilding had previously had opposite each other , but it failed in this regard . In an effort to promote the film Wilcox arranged for Neagle to launch the film at the 1952 Epsom Derby . In the United States it was released as Four against Fate . While making the film Wilding began dating Elizabeth Taylor , who was in London filming Ivanhoe , and later became her second husband .", "title": "" } ]	fever
a36f51c95b28de42892f7716911385f1	Aruba has plants.	[ { "docid": "c6259f4769aad8ff4b0c6727f2248b93", "text": "Aruba Aruba ( -LSB- əˈruːbə -RSB- ; -LSB- aːˈrubaː -RSB- ) is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in the southern Caribbean Sea , located about 1600 km west of the main part of the Lesser Antilles and 29 km north of the coast of Venezuela . It measures 32 km long from its northwestern to its southeastern end and 10 km across at its widest point . Together with Bonaire and Curaçao , Aruba forms a group referred to as the ABC islands . Collectively , Aruba and the other Dutch islands in the Caribbean are often called the Dutch Caribbean . Aruba is one of the four countries that form the Kingdom of the Netherlands , along with the Netherlands , Curaçao and Sint Maarten . The citizens of these countries all share a single nationality : Dutch . Aruba has no administrative subdivisions , but , for census purposes , is divided into eight regions . Its capital is Oranjestad . Unlike much of the Caribbean region , Aruba has a dry climate and an arid , cactus-strewn landscape . This climate has helped tourism as visitors to the island can reliably expect warm , sunny weather . It has a land area of 179 km2 and is densely populated , with a total of 102,484 inhabitants at the 2010 Census . It lies outside Hurricane Alley .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "78c37332dd47ecaf295f0df6363eb3a8", "text": "Cactus A cactus ( plural : cacti , cactuses , or cactus ) is a member of the plant family Cactaceae , Although the spellings of botanical families have been largely standardized , there is little agreement among botanists as to how these names are to be pronounced . The - aceae ending can be pronounced ( -LSB- ˈeɪsiiː -RSB- , ) or -LSB- ˈeɪsieɪ -RSB- , , or -LSB- ˈeɪsi -RSB- , . a family comprising about 127 genera with some 1750 known species of the order Caryophyllales . The word `` cactus '' derives , through Latin , from the Ancient Greek κάκτος , kaktos , a name originally used by Theophrastus for a spiny plant whose identity is not certain . Cacti occur in a wide range of shapes and sizes . Most cacti live in habitats subject to at least some drought . Many live in extremely dry environments , even being found in the Atacama Desert , one of the driest places on earth . Cacti show many adaptations to conserve water . Almost all cacti are succulents , meaning they have thickened , fleshy parts adapted to store water . Unlike many other succulents , the stem is the only part of most cacti where this vital process takes place . Most species of cacti have lost true leaves , retaining only spines , which are highly modified leaves . As well as defending against herbivores , spines help prevent water loss by reducing air flow close to the cactus and providing some shade . In the absence of leaves , enlarged stems carry out photosynthesis . Cacti are native to the Americas , ranging from Patagonia in the south to parts of western Canada in the north -- except for Rhipsalis baccifera , which also grows in Africa and Sri Lanka . Cactus spines are produced from specialized structures called areoles , a kind of highly reduced branch . Areoles are an identifying feature of cacti . As well as spines , areoles give rise to flowers , which are usually tubular and multipetaled . Many cacti have short growing seasons and long dormancies , and are able to react quickly to any rainfall , helped by an extensive but relatively shallow root system that quickly absorbs any water reaching the ground surface . Cactus stems are often ribbed or fluted , which allows them to expand and contract easily for quick water absorption after rain , followed by long drought periods . Like other succulent plants , most cacti employ a special mechanism called `` crassulacean acid metabolism '' ( CAM ) as part of photosynthesis . Transpiration , during which carbon dioxide enters the plant and water escapes , does not take place during the day at the same time as photosynthesis , but instead occurs at night . The plant stores the carbon dioxide it takes in as malic acid , retaining it until daylight returns , and only then using it in photosynthesis . Because transpiration takes place during the cooler , more humid night hours , water loss is significantly reduced . Many smaller cacti have globe-shaped stems , combining the highest possible volume for water storage , with the lowest possible surface area for water loss from transpiration . The tallestThe tallest living cactus is a specimen of Pachycereus pringlei . The tallest cactus ever measured was an armless saguaro cactus which blew over in a windstorm in July 1986 ; it was 78 feet tall . free-standing cactus is Pachycereus pringlei , with a maximum recorded height of 19.2 m , and the smallest is Blossfeldia liliputiana , only about 1 cm in diameter at maturity . A fully grown saguaro ( Carnegiea gigantea ) is said to be able to absorb as much as 200 USgal of water during a rainstorm . A few species differ significantly in appearance from most of the family . At least superficially , plants of the genus Pereskia resemble other trees and shrubs growing around them . They have persistent leaves , and when older , bark-covered stems . Their areoles identify them as cacti , and in spite of their appearance , they , too , have many adaptations for water conservation . Pereskia is considered close to the ancestral species from which all cacti evolved . In tropical regions , other cacti grow as forest climbers and epiphytes ( plants that grow on trees ) . Their stems are typically flattened , almost leaf-like in appearance , with fewer or even no spines , such as the well-known Christmas cactus or Thanksgiving cactus ( in the genus Schlumbergera ) . Cacti have a variety of uses : many species are used as ornamental plants , others are grown for fodder or forage , and others for food ( particularly their fruit ) . Cochineal is the product of an insect that lives on some cacti . Many succulent plants in both the Old and New World , such as some Euphorbiaceae ( euphorbias ) , bear a striking resemblance to cacti , and may incorrectly be called `` cactus '' in common usage .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "a0e6e9b360c20cd460100ebf3f7c1897", "text": "Parthenocarpy In botany and horticulture , parthenocarpy ( literally meaning virgin fruit ) is the natural or artificially induced production of fruit without fertilization of ovules . The fruit is therefore seedless . Stenospermocarpy may also produce apparently seedless fruit , but the seeds are actually aborted while still small . Parthenocarpy ( or stenospermocarpy ) occasionally occurs as a mutation in nature ; if it affects every flower the plant can no longer sexually reproduce but might be able to propagate by apomixis or by vegetative means . However , parthenocarpy of some fruits on a plant may be of value . Up to 20 % of the fruits of wild parsnip are parthenocarpic . The seedless wild parsnip fruit are preferred by certain herbivores , and thus serve as a `` decoy defense '' against seed predation . Utah juniper has a similar defense against bird feeding . The ability to produce seedless fruit when pollination is unsuccessful may be an advantage to a plant because it provides food for the plant 's seed dispersers . Without a fruit crop , the seed dispersing animals may starve or migrate . In some plants , pollination or other stimulation is required for parthenocarpy . This is termed stimulative parthenocarpy . Plants that do not require pollination or other stimulation to produce parthenocarpic fruit have vegetative parthenocarpy . Seedless cucumbers are an example of vegetative parthenocarpy , seedfull watermelon is an example of stenospermocarpy . Plants moved from one area of the world to another may not always be accompanied by their pollinating partner and the lack of pollinators has spurred human cultivation of parthenocarpic varieties . Some parthenocarpic varieties have been developed as genetically modified organisms .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e6d9057179bae27d47db989eae6f14e1", "text": "Gastropoda The Gastropoda or gastropods , more commonly known as snails and slugs , are a large taxonomic class within the phylum Mollusca . The class Gastropoda includes snails and slugs of all kinds and all sizes from microscopic to large . There are many thousands of species of sea snails and sea slugs , as well as freshwater snails , freshwater limpets , land snails and land slugs . The class Gastropoda contains a vast total of named species , second only to the insects in overall number . The fossil history of this class goes back to the Late Cambrian . There are 611 families of gastropods known , of which 202 are extinct and appear only in the fossil record . Gastropoda ( previously known as univalves and sometimes spelled `` Gasteropoda '' ) are a major part of the phylum Mollusca , and are the most highly diversified class in the phylum , with 65,000 to 80,000 living snail and slug species . The anatomy , behavior , feeding , and reproductive adaptations of gastropods vary significantly from one clade or group to another . Therefore , it is difficult to state many generalities for all gastropods . The class Gastropoda has an extraordinary diversification of habitats . Representatives live in gardens , woodland , deserts , and on mountains ; in small ditches , great rivers and lakes ; in estuaries , mudflats , the rocky intertidal , the sandy subtidal , in the abyssal depths of the oceans including the hydrothermal vents , and numerous other ecological niches , including parasitic ones . Although the name `` snail '' can be , and often is , applied to all the members of this class , commonly this word means only those species with an external shell big enough that the soft parts can withdraw completely into it . Those gastropods without a shell , and those with only a very reduced or internal shell , are usually known as slugs ; those with a shell into which they can not withdraw are termed limpets . The marine shelled species of gastropod include edible species such as abalone , conches , periwinkles , whelks , and numerous other sea snails that produce seashells that are coiled in the adult stage -- though in some , the coiling may not be very visible , for example in cowries . In a number of families of species , such as all the various limpets , the shell is coiled only in the larval stage , and is a simple conical structure after that .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bc9fd0ecd666fa31a13fb450f8675893", "text": "Protected cultivation In the present scenario of perpetual demand for better quality vegetables and continuously shrinking land holdings , protected cultivation is the best choice for quality produce and efficient use of land and other resources . Protected cultivation means some level of control over plant microclimate to alleviate one or more of abiotic stresses for optimum plant growth which can be achieved in naturally ventilated poly-house or net - / polynet-house . Crop yields can be several times higher than those under open field conditions , quality of produce is superior , higher input use efficiencies are achieved and vegetable export can be enhanced . Extreme weather conditions , in some countries , under the open field conditions are the major limiting factors for achieving higher yield and better quality of vegetables . Under such circumstances , protected cultivation is best option . Keeping these points in view , net-house and naturally ventilated poly-house technology has been recommended for the cultivation of different vegetables .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "57d55b5389edafe0bf10c030abb57efe", "text": "Plant breeding Plant breeding is the art and science of changing the traits of plants in order to produce desired characteristics . Plant breeding can be accomplished through many different techniques ranging from simply selecting plants with desirable characteristics for propagation , to methods that make use of knowledge of genetics and chromosomes , to more complex molecular techniques ( see cultigen and cultivar ) . Plant breeding has been practiced for thousands of years , since near the beginning of human civilization . It is practiced worldwide by individuals such as gardeners and farmers , or by professional plant breeders employed by organizations such as government institutions , universities , crop-specific industry associations or research centers . International development nation agencies believe that breeding new crops is important for ensuring food security by developing new varieties that are higher-yielding , disease resistant , drought-resistant or regionally adapted to different environments and growing conditions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f3d8dadce8c9d63f220323eee72fc247", "text": "History of Aruba Aruba 's first inhabitants were the Caquetio Indians from the Arawak tribe , who migrated there from Venezuela to escape attacks by the Caribs . Fragments of the earliest known Indian settlements date back to about 1000 . Due to Aruba 's mostly distant location from other Caribbean islands and strong currents in the sea which made canoe travel to the other islands difficult , the Caquetios remained more tied to South America than the Caribbean . In 1636 , Aruba was acquired by the Netherlands and remained under their control for nearly two centuries . In 1796 , the town that was later named Oranjestad , was founded and became the island 's capital . During the Napoleonic wars , the British Empire took control over the island , between 1799 and 1802 , and between 1804 and 1816 , before handing it back to the Dutch . A 19th-century gold rush was followed by prosperity brought on by first the opening of a crude oil transshipment facility in 1924 and then in 1928 with the opening of an oil refinery . This was the Lago Oil and Transport Company a 100 % owned subsidiary of Standard Oil of New Jersey . The Lago refinery was located on the east end of the island and on the west end Royal Dutch Shell had a small refinery , the Eagle Refinery which closed soon after World War II . The last decades of the 20th century saw a boom in the tourism industry , which became Aruba 's primary industry when the refinery closed in 1985 . In 1986 , Aruba seceded from the Netherlands Antilles and became a separate , autonomous member of the Kingdom of the Netherlands , under the Dutch crown . Movement toward full independence was halted at Aruba 's prerogative in 1990 . Aruba has a mixture of people from South America , Europe , the Far East , and other islands of the Caribbean . After a break in the coalition between the ruling Arubaanse Volkspartij ( AVP ) and the Organisashon Liberal Arubano ( OLA ) , the election of July 1998 was pushed forward to December 1997 . The results were unclear , with votes equally divided between the People 's Electoral Movement Party ( MEP ) , the AVP , and the OLA . After negotiations failed to unite the MEP and AVP , a new coalition between the AVP and OLA formed , which forced the MEP to be the opposition .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c8c02229c1f2fa7f93107fdafe55629e", "text": "Aroideae Aroideae is a subfamily of flowering plants in the Araceae family . It is the largest subfamily in Araceae and consists of about 72 different genera , and 2,300 species . Plants in Aroideae are characteristic of having spiny pollen without a sporopollenin outer exine layer and an aperature .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "92125c9de474dbdab685d5a848dfa42a", "text": "San Nicolaas San Nicolaas ( Sint Nicolaas ) is 19 km southeast of Oranjestad , and is Aruba 's second largest city . it has a population of 18,126 , most of whom originate from the British Caribbean and rest of the Caribbean . It is also home to Aruba 's only race track .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "00949322ec61c9dfadffdb47766a1a49", "text": "Aruba Networks Aruba , a Hewlett Packard Enterprise company is a leading vendor of data networking solutions for enterprises and businesses worldwide . Aruba Networks was founded in 2002 focused on bringing Wi-Fi wireless LAN mobility solutions to enterprise networks . With its acquisition by Hewlett-Packard ( now Hewlett Packard Enterprise ) in 2015 , Aruba Networks has become the entity of Hewlett Packard Enterprise bringing to market all campus and small business data networking offerings of HPE . Its core products are wireless Access Points ( APs ) , wired switches , mobility controllers , and network management software . The company has over 1,800 employees and is headquartered in Santa Clara , California .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fedf7b21cef8ef33f087d557e17f61cf", "text": "List of systems of plant taxonomy This list of systems of plant taxonomy presents `` taxonomic systems '' used in plant classification . A taxonomic system is a coherent whole of taxonomic judgments on circumscription and placement of the considered taxa . It is only a `` system '' if it is applied to a large group of such taxa ( for example , all the flowering plants ) . There are two main criteria for this list . A system must be taxonomic , that is deal with a large number of plants , by their botanical names . Secondly it must be a system , i.e. deal with the relationships of plants . Although thinking about relationships of plants had started much earlier ( see history of plant systematics ) , such systems really only came into being in the 19th century , as a result of an ever increasing influx from all over the world of newly discovered plant species . The 18th century saw some early systems , which are perhaps precursors rather than full taxonomic systems . A milestone event was the publication of Species Plantarum by Linnaeus which serves as the starting point of binomial nomenclature for plants . By its size this would qualify to be on this list , but it does not deal with relationships , beyond assigning plants into genera . Note that a system is not necessarily monolithic and often goes through several stages of development , resulting in several versions of the same system . When a system is widely adopted , many authors will adopt their own particular version of the system . The Cronquist system is well known for existing in many versions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "45e39df201d087d2b9db474f728cccda", "text": "Catholic Church in Aruba The Roman Catholic Church in Aruba is part of the worldwide Roman Catholic Church , under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome . The predominant religion of Aruba is Catholicism , but there is no territorial jurisdiction in Aruba , which is covered by the Diocese of Willemstad in Curaçao .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f538f5ce82b4a770abed82a28027d935", "text": "Hybrid seed In agriculture and gardening , hybrid seed is seed produced by cross-pollinated plants . Hybrid seed production is predominant in agriculture and home gardening . It is one of the main contributors to the dramatic rise in agricultural output during the last half of the 20th century . The alternatives to hybridization are open pollination and clonal propagation . All of the hybrid seeds planted by the farmer will produce similar plants , while the seeds of the next generation from those hybrids will not consistently have the desired characteristics . Controlled hybrids provide very uniform characteristics because they are produced by crossing two inbred strains . Elite inbred strains are used that express well-documented and consistent phenotypes ( such as high crop yield ) that are relatively good for inbred plants . Hybrids are chosen to improve the characteristics of the resulting plants , such as better yield , greater uniformity , improved color , disease resistance . An important factor is the heterosis or combining ability of the parent plants . Crossing any particular pair of inbred strains may or may not result in superior offspring . The parent strains used are therefore carefully chosen so as to achieve the uniformity that comes from the uniformity of the parents , and the superior performance that comes from heterosis .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "62cc90cae785d80adb57a59eefc5dd41", "text": "Energy crop An energy crop is a plant grown as a low-cost and low-maintenance harvest used to make biofuels , such as bioethanol , or combusted for its energy content to generate electricity or heat . Energy crops are generally categorized as woody or herbaceous plants ; many of the latter are grasses of the family Graminaceae . Commercial energy crops are typically densely planted , high-yielding crop species which are processed to bio-fuel and burnt to generate power . Woody crops such as willow or poplar are widely utilised , as well as temperate grasses such as Miscanthus and Pennisetum purpureum ( both known as elephant grass ) . If carbohydrate content is desired for the production of biogas , whole-crops such as maize , Sudan grass , millet , white sweet clover and many others , can be made into silage and then converted into biogas . Through genetic modification and application of biotechnology plants can be manipulated to create greater yields , reduce associated costs and require less water . High energy yield can also be realized with existing cultivars . __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7d9222aacce65380fbbcaf471a374788", "text": "Arum (disambiguation) Arum is a plant genus . Arum may also refer to : Araceae , a family of plants called the `` arum family ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a4c55a008903eb6bd14eb49896135d21", "text": "Aruban Americans Aruban Americans are Americans of Aruban descent .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cfd3259e958e6fce19c45843bc1f74e9", "text": "A Sketch of the Vegetation of the Swan River Colony `` A Sketch of the Vegetation of the Swan River Colony '' , also known by its standard botanical abbreviation Sketch Veg . Swan R. , is an 1839 article by John Lindley on the flora of the Swan River Colony . Nearly 300 new species were published in it , many of which are still current . It appeared as Part Three of Appendix to the first twenty three volumes of Edward 's Botanical Register , the first two parts being indices of previous volumes of Edwards 's Botanical Register , of which Lindley was editor . It contained 58 pages , issued in three parts . Pages 1 to 16 were issued on 1 November 1839 ; pages 17 to 32 on 1 December 1839 ; and the remaining 26 pages on 1 January 1840 . It also contained four woodcuts based on sketches by Lindley , and nine hand-coloured lithographic plates , the artist and lithographer of which are unacknowledged and are now unknown . According to Helen Hewson , the woodcuts are of high quality , but the plates `` do not measure up to the standard of contemporary illustration '' . `` A Sketch of the Vegetation of the Swan River Colony '' represents only the second attempt to provide a flora for the colony , the first being Stephan Endlicher 's 1837 Enumeratio plantarum , a Latin work of which only one installment was published . Thus there were at the time a great many undescribed species awaiting publication -- speaking of the ( now defunct ) order Stylidaceae , Lindley remarks `` In Brown 's prodromus forty-six species only are named for all New Holland ... but I possess from Swan River alone at least forty well marked species , and there are some of Baron Hugel 's with which I am unacquainted '' . Working primarily from the collections of James Drummond , Lindley was able to publish around 280 new taxa , many of which remain current .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "30fd15d7606d2100f71e829bc2596ba5", "text": "Viviparity Viviparity literally means `` giving live birth '' , from the Latin vivus ( `` living '' ) and parere ( `` to beget '' ) . The term is in use both in zoology and in botany as a term for certain classes of modes of reproduction , though it has different meanings in the two contexts . The adjective viviparous is derived from `` viviparity '' and describes both the various modes of reproduction and the organisms that reproduce in any such mode . In zoology viviparity refers to development of the embryo inside the body of the parent , eventually leading to live birth , as opposed to reproduction by laying eggs that complete their incubation outside the parental body . There are several forms of reproductive processes that answer to that description however , and they differ so radically , both in their nature and evolutionary origin , that no definitive and exclusive terminology is universally accepted , and the usage of the term is largely a matter of convenience and preference . In botany vivipary is a common alternative form of the term , and botanical definitions also vary . One usage refers to reproduction via embryos , such as shoots or bulbils , as opposed to germinating externally from a dropped , dormant seed , as is usual in plants ; however , vivipary also may refer to plants arising from buds or seedlings that have formed or germinated while still on the parent plant , and are dropped when ready to establish themselves in the substrate . In botany too , the usage of the term is largely a matter of convenience and preference .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "081797685fe83a61e21011f5cc3e547b", "text": "Aralia Aralia -LSB- əˈreɪliə -RSB- , or spikenard , is a genus of the family Araliaceae , consisting of 68 accepted species of deciduous or evergreen trees , shrubs , and rhizomatous herbaceous perennials . The genus is native to Asia and the Americas , with most species occurring in mountain woodlands . Aralia plants vary in size , with some herbaceous species only reaching 50 cm tall , while some are trees growing to 20 m tall . Aralia plants have large bipinnate ( doubly compound ) leaves clustered at the ends of their stems or branches ; in some species the leaves are covered with bristles . The stems of some woody species are quite prickly , as in Aralia spinosa . The flowers are whitish or greenish occurring in terminal panicles , and the spherical dark purple berry-like fruits are popular with birds . Aralia species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species , including the common emerald ( Hemithea aestivaria ) . There are many colours of aralia flowers . The main flower is whitish aralia . Some species , notably Aralia cordata , are edible and are cultivated for human consumption .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "153b74cbd7724136843d633574cc0847", "text": "Fabaceae The Fabaceae , Leguminosae or Papilionaceae , commonly known as the legume , pea , or bean family , are a large and economically important family of flowering plants . It includes trees , shrubs , and perennial or annual herbaceous plants , which are easily recognized by their fruit ( legume ) and their compound , stipulated leaves . Many legumes have characteristics of flowers and fruits.The family is widely distributed , and is the third-largest land plant family in terms of number of species , behind only the Orchidaceae and Asteraceae , with about 751 genera and some 19,000 known species . The five largest of the genera are Astragalus ( over 3,000 species ) , Acacia ( over 1000 species ) , Indigofera ( around 700 species ) , Crotalaria ( around 700 species ) and Mimosa ( around 500 species ) , which constitute about a quarter of all legume species . The ca. 19,000 known legume species amount to about 7 % of flowering plant species . Fabaceae is the most common family found in tropical rainforests and in dry forests in the Americas and Africa . Recent molecular and morphological evidence supports the fact that the Fabaceae is a single monophyletic family . This point of view has been supported not only by the degree of interrelation shown by different groups within the family compared with that found among the Leguminosae and their closest relations , but also by all the recent phylogenetic studies based on DNA sequences . These studies confirm that the Fabaceae are a monophyletic group that is closely related to the Polygalaceae , Surianaceae and Quillajaceae families and that they belong to the order Fabales . Along with the cereals , some fruits and tropical roots a number of Leguminosae have been a staple human food for millennia and their use is closely related to human evolution . A number are important agricultural and food plants , including Glycine max ( soybean ) , Phaseolus ( beans ) , Pisum sativum ( pea ) , Cicer arietinum ( chickpeas ) , Medicago sativa ( alfalfa ) , Arachis hypogaea ( peanut ) , Lathyrus odoratus ( sweet pea ) , Ceratonia siliqua ( carob ) , and Glycyrrhiza glabra ( liquorice ) . A number of species are also weedy pests in different parts of the world , including : Cytisus scoparius ( broom ) , Robinia pseudoacacia ( black locust ) , Ulex europaeus ( gorse ) , Pueraria lobata ( kudzu ) , and a number of Lupinus species .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5f8af43bd4bb831bba5ecbc736e6190", "text": "Barren vegetation Barren vegetation describes an area of land where plant growth may be sparse , stunted , and/or contain limited biodiversity . Environmental conditions such as toxic or infertile soil , high winds , coastal salt-spray and climatic conditions are often key factors in poor plant growth and development . Barren vegetation can be categorized depending on the climate , geology and the geographic location of a specific area . Pine Barrens , coastal barrens and serpentine barrens are some of the more distinct ecoregions for barren vegetation and are the most commonly researched by scientists . Often referred to as `` heathlands '' , barrens can be excellent environments for unique biological diversity and taxonomic compositions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "26b1364134bdf2fc1df6b26d66f1b866", "text": "Babiana Babiana Ker Gawler -LSB- ˌbæbiˈænə -RSB- is a genus of flowering plants in the family Iridaceae composed of about 80 recognized species . The majority of these species are endemic to the Cape Provinces of South Africa , especially Namaqualand , as well Namibia , Botswana , Zambia and Zimbabwe . The genus name is derived from the Dutch word baviaan , referring to the Chacma baboon , Papio ursinus , that consumes the corms of plants in the genus . One species , Babiana stricta , is widely cultivated as an ornamental .", "title": "" } ]	fever
6630f8718f3956f2e8b23f30eec65f63	Jesus was not a preacher.	[ { "docid": "b9d828f4820030fb0a5928f551b1a8b4", "text": "Jesus Jesus ( -LSB- ˈdʒiːzəs -RSB- ; c. 4 BC -- c. AD 30/33 ) , also referred to as Jesus of Nazareth or Jesus Christ , was a Jewish preacher and religious leader who became the central figure of Christianity . Christians believe him to be the Son of God and the awaited Messiah ( Christ ) prophesied in the Old Testament . Virtually all modern scholars of antiquity agree that Jesus existed historically , although the quest for the historical Jesus has produced little agreement on the historical reliability of the Gospels and on how closely the biblical Jesus reflects the historical Jesus . Jesus was a Galilean Jew who was baptized by John the Baptist and subsequently began his own ministry , preaching his message orally and often being referred to as `` rabbi '' . He was arrested and tried by the Jewish authorities , and was crucified by the order of Pontius Pilate , the Roman prefect . Jesus debated fellow Jews on how to best follow God , performed healings , taught in parables and gathered followers . After his death , his followers believed he rose from the dead , and the community they formed eventually became the Christian Church . His birth is celebrated annually on December 25 ( or various dates in January for some eastern churches ) as a holiday known as Christmas , his crucifixion is honored on Good Friday , and his resurrection is celebrated on Easter . The widely used calendar era `` AD '' , from the Latin anno Domini ( `` in the year of the Lord '' ) , and the alternative `` CE '' , are based on the approximate birth date of Jesus . Christian doctrines include the beliefs that Jesus was conceived by the Holy Spirit , was born of a virgin named Mary , performed miracles , founded the Church , died by crucifixion as a sacrifice to achieve atonement , rose from the dead , and ascended into Heaven , whence he will return . Most Christians believe Jesus enables humans to be reconciled to God . The Nicene Creed asserts that Jesus will judge the living and the dead either before or after their bodily resurrection , an event tied to the Second Coming of Jesus in Christian eschatology . The great majority of Christians worship Jesus as the incarnation of God the Son , the second of three persons of a Divine Trinity . A minority of Christian denominations reject Trinitarianism , wholly or partly , as non-scriptural . In Islam , Jesus ( commonly transliterated as ) is considered one of God 's important prophets and the Messiah . Muslims believe Jesus was a bringer of scripture and was born of a virgin but was not the Son of God . The Quran states that Jesus himself never claimed divinity . To most Muslims , Jesus was not crucified but was physically raised into Heaven by God . Judaism rejects the belief that Jesus was the awaited Messiah , arguing that he did not fulfill Messianic prophecies and asserting that his resurrection is a Christian legend .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "f14543208d3a24064e8c6c2ad11abcd8", "text": "John of Caesarea (theologian) John of Caesarea , also called John the Grammarian , was a sixth-century Byzantine priest and theologian . His biography is unknown , nor is the origin of his name , either Caesarea Palaestina or Caesarea Mazaca . He is usually considered the first Neo-Chalcedonian writer . He may be the same person as John the Orthodox , author of Dialogue with a Manichaean . Between 514 and 518 John wrote his Apologia Concilii Chalcedonensis , an apologetic for the Council of Chalcedon , in which he tried to reconcile its ideas with those of Cyril of Alexandria and criticised the position of Severus of Antioch . Against monophysitism , John put forward the `` characteristic hypostasis '' of Christ , whereby the human and divine natures were uniquely united in one person . Severus responded with a Refutation , which survives only in Syriac . John 's other works include tracts and sermons against the doctrines of the Akephaloi , the Aphthartodocetae and the Manichaeans , and an exegesis of the Gospel of John .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e65ce5fe47d2b86213acbbbbef667a52", "text": "Man of God Man of God is a biblical title of respect applied to prophets and beloved religious leaders . The term appears 78 times in 72 verses of the Bible , in application to up to 13 individuals : Moses ( Deut . 33:1 ; Josh . 14:6 ; Ps . 90:1 ; Ezra 3:2 ; 1 Chron . 23:14 ; 2 Chron . 30:16 ) Moses is the only person called `` man of God '' in the Torah . The angel of the Lord who appeared to Samson 's mother ( Judges 13:6 , 8 ) whom she may have taken to be a prophet ( Leviticus Rabbah 1:1 ) The man who chastised the Priest Eli ( 1 Sam . 2:27 ) whom Sifre identifies as Samuel 's father Elkanah ( Sifre to Deut . 342:4 ) Samuel ( 1 Sam . 9:6 , 7 , 8 , 10 ) David ( Neh . 12:24 , 36 ; 2 Chron . 8:14 ) Shemaiah ( 1 Kings 12:22 ; 2 Chron . 11:2 ) The man from Judah who cried out against King Jeroboam of Israel ( 1 Kings 13:1 ( twice ) , 4 , 5 , 6 ( twice ) , 7 , 8 , 11 , 12 , 14 ( twice ) , 21 , 26 , 29 , 31 ; 2 Kings 23:16 , 17 ) whom some rabbis identify as Iddo ( Sifre to Deut . 342:4 ; Pesikta de-Rav Kahana 2:85 ; Zohar 2:64 a ) Elijah ( 1 Kings 17:18 , 24 ; 2 Kings 1:9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ) The man who told King Ahab of Israel that Israel could defeat the Arameans ( 1 Kings 20:28 ) whom Sifre identifies as Micah ( Sifre to Deut . 342:4 ) , but who from context might also be Elijah Elisha ( 2 Kings 4:7 , 9 , 16 , 21 , 22 , 25 , 27 ( twice ) , 40 , 42 ; 5:8 , 14 , 15 , 20 ; 6:6 , 9 , 10 , 15 ; 7:2 , 17 , 18 , 19 ; 8:2 , 4 , 7 , 8 , 11 , 19 ) Hanan son of Igdaliah ( Jer . 35:4 ) The man who warned King Amaziah of Judah not to go to war ( 2 Chronicles 25:7 , 9 ( twice ) ) , whom some rabbis identify as Amoz ( Sifre to Deut . 342:4 ; Seder Olam Rabbah 20 ) Saint Timothy ( 1 Timothy 6:11 ) Category : Hebrew Bible words and phrases Category : New Testament words and phrases", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93d3e6e17b0586041935d2115e7b295e", "text": "Matthew 7 Matthew 7 is the seventh chapter of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament . The chapter is the last of the three chapters which comprise the Sermon on the Mount . The chapter deals with several themes , with verses 1-12 dealing with judging and discernment . Matthew 7:1 -5 relates the guidance on The Mote and the Beam , which has a parallel in Luke 6:37 -42 . At Matthew 7:7 Jesus returns to the subject of prayer , promising that God will respond to prayer . Verses 7:13 and 14 contain the analogy of the broad and narrow roads , a warning of the ease of slipping into damnation . 7:15 continues the warnings about judgment and adds a caution about false prophets by repeating some of the language used by John the Baptist in chapter 3 . The chapter ends with the Parable of the Wise and the Foolish Builders in Matthew 7:24 -- 27 , which has a parallel in Luke 6:46 -49 . According to Anglican Bishop Charles Ellicott , in comparison with the preceding chapters , `` this -LSB- chapter -RSB- deals chiefly with the temptations incident to the more advanced stages of -LSB- Christian -RSB- life when lower forms of evil have been overcome - with the temper that judges others , the self-deceit of unconscious hypocrisy , the danger of unreality '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da6f8362df85a6de2eb3ee27790de861", "text": "Lord's Prayer The Lord 's Prayer ( also called the Our Father or Pater Noster among other names ) is a venerated Christian prayer that , according to the New Testament , Jesus taught as the way to pray . Two versions of this prayer are recorded : a longer form in the Gospel of Matthew as part of the Sermon on the Mount , and a shorter form in the Gospel of Luke as a response by Jesus to a request by `` one of his disciples '' to teach them `` to pray as John -LSB- the Baptist -RSB- taught his disciples . '' The context of the prayer in Matthew is a discourse deploring people who pray ostentatiously . The original text of the prayer ( in Greek ) uniquely contains the word epiousios , which does not appear in any other classical or Koine Greek literature , and is also the only adjective in the prayer . While controversial , the most common English language translation of this word is `` daily '' . The prayer concludes with `` deliver us from evil '' in Matthew , and with `` lead us not into temptation '' in Luke . The first three of the seven petitions in Matthew address God ; the other four are related to human needs and concerns . Some Christians , particularly Protestants , conclude the prayer with a doxology , a later addendum appearing in some manuscripts of Matthew . ( NRSV ) Our Father in heaven , hallowed be your name . Your kingdom come . Your will be done , on earth as it is in heaven . Give us this day our daily bread . And forgive us our sins , as we also have forgiven our debtors . And do not bring us to the time of trial , but rescue us from the evil one . ( NRSV ) Father , hallowed be your name . Your kingdom come . Give us each day our daily bread . And forgive us our sins , for we ourselves forgive everyone indebted to us . And do not bring us to the time of trial . Underscoring the scope and foundational importance of the Lord 's Prayer , initial words on the topic from the Catechism of the Catholic Church teach that it `` is truly the summary of the whole gospel . '' The prayer is used by most Christian churches in their worship ; with exceptions , the liturgical form is the Matthean . Although theological differences and various modes of worship divide Christians , according to Fuller Seminary professor Clayton Schmit , `` there is a sense of solidarity in knowing that Christians around the globe are praying together ... and these words always unite us . '' In biblical criticism , the prayer 's absence in the Gospel of Mark together with its occurrence in Matthew and Luke has caused scholars who accept the two-source hypothesis ( against other document hypotheses ) to conclude that it is probably a logion original to Q.", "title": "" }, { "docid": "97e291a5443ae18df20040b443bc78ee", "text": "Johannine Christianity Johannine Christianity refers to an ancient Christian community of uncertain existence , which placed great emphasis on the teachings of Jesus , particularly as revealed through the Gospel of John . Starting as a community of early followers of Jesus who `` defined themselves rather starkly against the Jewish milieu in which they arose , these believers cultivated an intense devotion to Jesus as the definitive revelation of God 's salvific will . They understood themselves to be in intimate contact with him and with one another , under the guidance of the Spirit-Paraclete . They were conscious of their relationship to other believers with whom they hoped to be in eventual union . Their piety found distinctive expression in a reflective literary corpus that explored new ways of expressing faith in Jesus . '' ( Attridge 2006 ) `` Their common life included ritual actions known to other followers of Jesus , but they insisted on the unique spiritual value of those rites . Disputes eventually divided the community . By the middle of the second century some representatives of the Johannine tradition achieved a respected role in the emerging ` great church ' , the interconnected web of believers throughout the Mediterranean that provided mutual support and maintained fellowship under the leadership of emerging episcopal authorities . The Johannine community of the first century bequeathed to the universal church its distinctive literary corpus and estimation of Jesus , which came to dominate the development of later Christian orthodoxy . Other representatives of Johannine Christianity , nurturing alternative strands of tradition , influenced various second-century movements , characterized by their opponents and much modern scholarship as ` Gnostic ' . '' ( Attridge 2006 )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "410d0164e2850a86889bacf3eeca95e6", "text": "James, brother of Jesus James ( Hebrew : יעקב Ya'akov ; Greek Ἰάκωβος Iákōbos , can also be Anglicized as Jacob ) , who died in martyrdom in 62 or 69 AD , was an important figure of the Apostolic Age . Other epithets used to refer to James include James the Just , or a variation of James , brother of the Lord . Roman Catholic tradition generally holds that this James is to be identified with James , son of Alphaeus , and James the Less . It is agreed by most that he should not be confused with James , son of Zebedee . Catholics and Orthodox , as well as some Anglicans and Lutherans , believe in the perpetual virginity of Mary ; they teach that James , along with others named in the New Testament as `` brothers '' of Jesus , were not the biological children of Mary , but were possibly cousins of Jesus or step-brothers from a previous marriage of Joseph .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cea9c9189c37b3394ef2da92f98d0106", "text": "Matthew 2:22 Matthew 2:22 is the twenty-second verse of the second chapter of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament . The young Jesus and the Holy Family have just left Egypt after hearing of the death of King Herod . In the King James Version of the Bible the text reads : But when he heard that Archelaus did reign in Judaea in the room of his father Herod , he was afraid to go thither : notwithstanding , being warned of God in a dream , he turned aside into the parts of Galilee : The World English Bible translates the passage as : But when he heard that Archelaus was reigning over Judea in the place of his father , Herod , he was afraid to go there . Being warned in a dream , he withdrew into the region of Galilee For a collection of other versions see BibRef Matthew 2:22 Upon Herod 's death his kingdom was divided in three . Judea went to his son Archelaus , who was as great a tyrant as his father . Most notably he killed some 3000 rebels soon after ascending the throne . His cruelty aroused such popular anger that in 6 AD Archelaus was deposed by the Romans in response to complaints from his subjects . As a result the Romans began directly appointing a governor for the area , with Pontius Pilate being a notable example . The concern Joseph expresses in this verse thus fits with what is known from the history of the period . The decision to go to Galilee was also a reasonable one . That region was ruled by Herod 's far more even-tempered son Herod Antipas and there is evidence that the region had become a refuge to others fleeing the rule of Archelaus or the Romans . One incongruity is that the word translated as reign , more precisely means `` reign as a king . '' This is incorrect , unlike his father Archelaus was only an ethnarch , not a king . Most scholars , even evangelical ones , are content to accept this as the author of Matthew simply being imprecise . There have also been several attempts to explain the discrepancy . Jones notes that Augustus ' decision that Archelaus would only be granted the title of ethnarch occurred six months into his reign . Jones thus thinks it possible that during these first months Archelaus did call himself king , and it would have been during this period that Joseph returned from Egypt . Joseph is again given important information in a dream . However , this time the author of Matthew does not report on its origin . The vocabulary of the passage and the previous instances make most scholars accept this to be another message from God . The Gospel of Luke mentions none of this . Most scholars believe this is because Luke sees Nazareth as Joseph 's original home , and thus sees no reason to explain why he returns there . Much time is spent explaining why the family was in Bethlehem at the time of Jesus ' birth . Matthew has the opposite view seeing Bethlehem as the family 's original home , as demonstrated by them having a house in Matthew 2:11 . It thus needs to go into some detail explaining why they eventually move to Nazareth . The important word is that translated as `` withdrew '' in the WEB . Gundry notes that the author of Matthew would have used return if Nazareth was Joseph 's original home and `` withdrawing '' implies leaving for a new location . Schweizer sees this as unambiguous proof that Matthew has Joseph originally from Bethlehem . Evangelicals , of course , reject this view . France states that the author of Matthew does not discuss Joseph 's origin in Nazareth because of his `` typical avoidance of unnecessary detail . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7e59358add4eadafbcd022ca62a65bb6", "text": "Herod Antipas Herod Antipater ( Ἡρῴδης Ἀντίπατρος , Hērǭdēs Antipatros ; born before 20 BC -- died after 39 AD ) , known by the nickname Antipas , was a 1st-century ruler of Galilee and Perea , who bore the title of tetrarch ( `` ruler of a quarter '' ) and is referred to as both `` Herod the Tetrarch '' and `` King Herod '' in the New Testament although he never held the title of king . He is best known today for accounts in the New Testament of his role in events that led to the executions of John the Baptist and Jesus of Nazareth . After being named to the throne by Augustus upon the death of his father , Herod the Great , in 4 BC , and subsequent ethnarch rule by his brother , Herod Archelaus , Antipas ruled Galilee and Perea as a client state of the Roman Empire . He was responsible for building projects at Sepphoris and Betharamphtha , and more important for the construction of his capital Tiberias on the western shore of the Sea of Galilee . Named in honor of his patron , the emperor Tiberius , the city later became a center of rabbinic learning . Antipas divorced his first wife Phasaelis , the daughter of King Aretas IV of Nabatea , in favour of Herodias , who had formerly been married to his half-brother Herod II . ( Antipas was Herod the Great 's son by Malthace , while Herod II was his son by Mariamne II . ) According to the New Testament Gospels , it was John the Baptist 's condemnation of this arrangement that led Antipas to have him arrested ; John was subsequently put to death in Machaerus . Besides provoking his conflict with the Baptiser , the tetrarch 's divorce added a personal grievance to previous disputes with Aretas over territory on the border of Perea and Nabatea . The result was a war that proved disastrous for Antipas ; a Roman counter-offensive was ordered by Tiberius , but abandoned upon that emperor 's death in 37 AD . In 39 AD Antipas was accused by his nephew Agrippa I of conspiracy against the new Roman emperor Caligula , who sent him into exile in Gaul . Accompanied there by Herodias , he died at an unknown date . The Gospel of Luke states that Jesus was first brought before Pontius Pilate for trial , since Pilate was the governor of Roman Judea , which encompassed Jerusalem where Jesus was arrested . Pilate initially handed him over to Antipas , in whose territory Jesus had been most active , but Antipas sent him back to Pilate 's court .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f064af2f7fd5a7a655a34505729a777f", "text": "Quakers Quakers ( or Friends ) are members of a historically Christian group of religious movements generally known as the Religious Society of Friends . The Evangelical Friends Church International uses the phrase Friends Church . Members of the various Quaker movements are all generally united in a belief in the ability of each human being to experientially access `` that of God in every person , '' and therefore they profess the priesthood of all believers , a doctrine derived from the First Epistle of Peter . They include those with evangelical , holiness , liberal , and traditional Quaker understandings of Christianity . To differing extents , the different movements that make up the Religious Society of Friends/Friends Church avoid creeds and hierarchical structures . In 2007 , there were about 359,000 adult Quakers . In 2012 , there were 377,055 adult Quakers . Around 79 % of Quakers worldwide belong to the `` evangelical '' and `` programmed '' branches of Quakerism -- these Quakers worship in services with singing and a prepared message from the Bible , coordinated by a pastor . Around 11 % of Friends practice waiting worship , or unprogrammed worship ( more commonly known today as Meeting for Worship ) , where the order of service is not planned in advance , is predominantly silent , and may include unprepared vocal ministry from those present . Some meetings of both types have Recorded Ministers in their meetings -- Friends recognised for their gift of vocal ministry . The first Quakers lived in mid-17th century England . The movement arose from the Legatine-Arians and other dissenting Protestant groups , breaking away from the established Church of England . The Quakers , especially the ones known as the Valiant Sixty , attempted to convert others to their understanding of Christianity , travelling both throughout Great Britain and overseas , preaching the gospel of Jesus Christ . Some of these early Quaker ministers were women . They based their message on the religious belief that `` Christ has come to teach his people himself '' , stressing the importance of a direct relationship with God through Jesus Christ , and a direct religious belief in the universal priesthood of all believers . They emphasized a personal and direct religious experience of Christ , acquired through both direct religious experience and the reading and studying of the Bible . Quakers focused their private life on developing behaviour and speech reflecting emotional purity and the light of God . In the past , Quakers were known for their use of thee as an ordinary pronoun , refusal to participate in war , plain dress , refusal to swear oaths , opposition to slavery , and teetotalism . Described as `` natural capitalists '' by the BBC journalist Peter Jackson , some Quakers founded banks and financial institutions , including Barclays , Lloyds , and Friends Provident ; manufacturing companies , including shoe retailer C. & J. Clark and the big three British confectionery makers Cadbury , Rowntree and Fry 's ; and philanthropic efforts , including abolition of slavery , prison reform , and social justice projects .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1907f7067433ca988e97e39d9afb1963", "text": "General judgment General judgment is the Christian theological concept of a judgment of the dead by nation and as a whole . It is related closely to Judgment Day and often is just another phrase for the Last Judgment or Final Judgement , but is not necessarily part of any eschatology . It is generally contrasted with a particular judgment right after death . The position is hinted at in several places in the Old Testament and in the New , and the Catholic Encyclopedia says ( here referring to the Last Judgment ) `` Few truths are more often or more clearly proclaimed in Scripture than that of the general judgment '' . When the individual dies , general judgment holds that the person 's final dispensation will await the general judgment of the dead at the end of the world , rather than be judged immediately . Additionally , `` general judgment '' may refer not only to the judging of each person , but also to the judgment of nations and peoples . The concept of Last Judgment is similar but unique . Various Last Judgment scenarios represent different forms of a general judgment , such as a global last judgment or a national last judgment . It is more concerned with the depictions and descriptions of particular versions . Jesus provided examples and illustrations of judgments against cities and generations . Jesus warned his contemporaries that the men of Nineveh , who repented at the preaching of Jonah , and the Queen of the South would testify against them in the judgment . In the context of dispatching emissaries , Jesus asked them to shake off the dust of cities that would not receive them . In the same speech , Jesus declared woes upon the cities of Chorazin and Bethsaida declaring that the cities of Sodom , Tyre , and Sidon would have a more tolerable outcome in the judgement .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f2a409c688527bccd038ae58b6418de0", "text": "Ammonites (Book of Mormon) According to the Book of Mormon , the Ammonites ( -LSB- ˈæm.ə.naɪts -RSB- ) were a group of Lamanites who had been converted to the religion of the Nephites by the missionary efforts of Ammon and his brothers . They rejected the traditions of their fathers and embraced the traditions of the Nephites . To distinguish themselves from the Lamanites , they took upon themselves the name Anti-Nephi-Lehies . The name refers to the original leaders that lead their family out of Jerusalem and , guided by God , traveled to the Americas : Nephi and his father Lehi . In the usage here , `` Anti '' means `` to imitate '' . Prior to their conversion , the Ammonites were Lamanites , traditional enemies of the Nephites , and they had taken part in wars and battles against the Nephites . Following their conversion , they felt that their past sins were so great that they took a vow to never shed blood again and to avoid all forms of warfare , even in their own defense . To indicate the serious covenant they were making to this end , they buried all their weapons deep in the ground . Forced from their homeland by their former Lamanite brethren , the Ammonites were re-located to the Nephite land of Jershon and the Nephites took up their defense in their behalf . The Ammonites , in return , provided provisions and material to help support the Nephite armies . When the Nephite and Lamanite nations entered into escalated warfare , the Anti-Nephi-Lehies volunteered to help the Nephites fight . Helaman , who was the leader of the church at that time , forbade them from doing so for fear that God would punish them for breaking their oath . Instead , they sent their sons who had not taken their oath to fight under the command of Helaman . This group was called the two thousand stripling warriors .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "951700a42c6d2ce53ec46b62765708e2", "text": "Two by Twos Two by Twos is one of the names used to denote an international , home-based church that has its origins in Ireland at the end of the 19th century . Among members , the church is typically referred to as `` The Truth '' or `` The Way '' . Those outside the church refer to it as `` Two by Twos '' , `` No-name Church '' , `` Cooneyites '' , `` Workers and Friends '' or `` Christians Anonymous . '' Church ministers are itinerant and work in groups of two , hence the name `` Two by Twos '' . The church 's registered names include `` Christian Conventions '' in the United States , `` Assemblies of Christians '' in Canada , `` The Testimony of Jesus '' in the United Kingdom , `` Kristna I Sverige '' in Sweden , and `` United Christian Conventions '' in Australia . These organization names are used only for registration purposes and are not used by members . The church was founded in 1897 in Ireland by William Irvine , an evangelist with the interdenominational Faith Mission . Irvine began independently preaching a return to the method of itinerant ministry he claimed was set forth in the 10th chapter of Matthew . Church growth was rapid , spreading outside Ireland . Irvine eventually began preaching a new order in which the hierarchy that had developed within the church would have no placement . This teaching became controversial within the church and led to his expulsion by church overseers around 1914 . One of the church 's most prominent evangelists , Edward Cooney , was expelled a decade after Irvine . The church then became much less visible to outsiders for the next half-century . Publication of several articles and books , increased news coverage , and the appearance of the Internet have since opened the church to wider scrutiny . The church does not explicitly publish any doctrinal statements , claiming these must be orally imparted by its ministers , referred to as `` workers '' . Doctrine of the church teaches that salvation is available only by accepting the preaching of its homeless , penniless ministry workers and by attending the group 's home meetings . The orthodox Christian Trinitarian doctrine is rejected , and members are told to deny any church name . Baptism by immersion as performed by one of the church 's workers is required for full participation . Some in the church claim it is a direct continuation of the 1st-century Christian church , although some believe that a restoration of some sort may have occurred in the late 19th century . Members hold regular weekly worship gatherings in local homes on Sunday and in the middle of the week . The church holds annual regional conventions and public Gospel meetings . The church claims no official headquarters or official publications . Its hymnbook and various other materials for internal use are produced by outside publishers and printing firms . Printed invitations and advertisements for its open gospel meetings are the only written materials which those outside the church are likely to encounter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f7f4d65844e93556dac8cfc84bc88030", "text": "Persecution of Christians in the New Testament The persecution of Christians in the New Testament is an important part of the Early Christian narrative which depicts the early Church as being persecuted for their heterodox beliefs by a Jewish establishment in what was then Roman occupied Iudaea province . The New Testament , especially the Gospel of John ( c. 90 -- 100 AD ) , has traditionally been interpreted as relating Christian accounts of the Pharisee rejection of Jesus and accusations of the Pharisee responsibility for his crucifixion . The Acts of the Apostles depicts instances of early Christian persecution by the Sanhedrin , the Jewish religious court at the time . However , the historical reliability of the Acts of the Apostles is disputed . Walter Laqueur argues that hostility between Christians and Jews grew over the generations . By the 4th century , John Chrysostom was arguing that the Pharisees alone , not the Romans , were responsible for the murder of Christ . However , according to Laqueur : `` Absolving Pilate from guilt may have been connected with the missionary activities of early Christianity in Rome and the desire not to antagonize those they want to convert . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7a8a0756daf8e49ba57e932730cd06ed", "text": "Apollonius of Ephesus Apollonius of Ephesus ( Ἀπολλώνιος fl . 180 -- 210 ) was an anti-Montanist Greek ecclesiastical writer , probably from Asia Minor . He was thoroughly acquainted with the Christian history of Ephesus and the doings of the Phrygian Montanists . The unknown author of Praedestinatus says he was a Bishop of Ephesus . However , the lack of support from other Christian writers makes this testimony doubtful . He undertook the defense of the Church against Montanus , and followed in the footsteps of Zoticus of Comanus , Julian of Apamaea , Sotas of Anchialus , and Apollinaris of Hierapolis . His work is cited by Eusebius , and is praised by St. Jerome , but has been lost , and not even its title is known . It most likely showed the falsity of the Montanist prophecies , recounted the unedifying lives of Montanus and his prophetesses . It also gave currency to the report of their suicide by hanging , and threw light on some of the adepts of the sect , including the apostate Themison , and the pseudo-martyr Alexander . Themison , having evaded martyrdom by means of money , posed as an innovator , addressing a letter to his partisans after the manner of the Apostles , and finally blasphemed Christ and the Church . Alexander , a notorious thief , publicly condemned at Ephesus , had himself adored as a god . Based on Eusebius , it is known that Apollonius spoke in his work of Zoticus , who had tried to exorcise Maximilla , but had been prevented by Themison , and of the martyr-Bishop Thraseas , another adversary of Montanism . He likely gave the signal in it for the movement of opposition to Montanism which the reunion of the first synods developed . At all events , he recalls the tradition according to which Jesus had advised the Apostles not to go far from Jerusalem during the twelve years immediately following His Ascension , a tradition known to Clement of Alexandria from the apocryphal Praedicatio Petri . Moreover , he recounts the restoration to life of a dead man at Ephesus by the Apostle St. John , whose Apocalypse he knew and quotes . He takes rank among the opponents of Montanism with the `` Anonymous '' of Eusebius , with Miltiades and with Apollinaris . Eusebius says his work constituted `` an abundant and excellent refutation of Montanism '' . St. Jerome qualified it as `` a lengthy and remarkable volume '' . It did not therefore pass unnoticed , and roused some feeling among the Montanists since Tertullian felt it necessary to reply to it . After his six books peri ekstaseos , in which he apologized for the ecstasies into which the Montanist prophetesses fell before prophesying , Tertullian composed a seventh especially to refute Apollonius ; he wrote it also in Greek for the use of the Asiatic Montanists .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "152136d8e6407f21fe77159d1153a9b3", "text": "Jewish Christian Jewish Christians , also Hebrew Christians or Judeo-Christians , were the original members of the Jewish movement that later became Christianity . In the earliest stage the community was made up of all those Jews who accepted Jesus as a venerable person or the Messiah ( Christ ) . As Christianity grew and developed , Jewish Christians became only one strand of the early Christian community , characterised by combining the confession of Jesus as Christ with continued adherence to Jewish traditions such as Sabbath observance , observance of the Jewish calendar , observance of Jewish laws and customs , circumcision , and synagogue attendance , and by a direct genetic relationship to the earliest Jewish Christians . The term `` Jewish Christian '' appears in historical texts contrasting Christians of Jewish origin with Gentile Christians , both in discussion of the New Testament church and the second and following centuries . It is also a term used for Jews who converted to Christianity but kept their Jewish heritage and traditions . 1st century `` Jewish Christians '' were totally faithful religious Jews . They differed from other contemporary Jews only in their acceptance of Jesus as the Messiah . Those that taught that Gentile converts to Christianity ought to adopt more Jewish practices than the Church had already included , however , were called `` Judaizers '' . Though the Apostle Peter was initially sympathetic , the Apostle Paul opposed the teaching at the Incident at Antioch and at the Council of Jerusalem , where Paul 's teaching was accepted by the whole Church . Nevertheless , Judaizing continued for several centuries , particularly among Jewish Christians . As Christianity grew throughout the Gentile world , Christians diverged from their Jewish and Jerusalem roots . Jewish Christianity , initially strengthened despite persecution by Jerusalem Temple officials , fell into decline during the Jewish-Roman wars ( 66-135 ) and the growing anti-Judaism perhaps best personified by Marcion ( c. 150 ) . With persecution by the orthodox Christians from the time of the Roman Emperor Constantine in the 4th century , Jewish Christians sought refuge outside the boundaries of the Empire , in Arabia and further afield . Within the Empire and later elsewhere it was dominated by the Gentile based Christianity which became the State church of the Roman Empire and which took control of sites in the Holy Land such as the Church of the Holy Sepulchre and the Cenacle and appointed subsequent Bishops of Jerusalem .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc1f91ef58f944c2bdd6b735c0967701", "text": "The Day of the Lord This is about the eschatological term ; see Lord 's Day for the Christian term for `` Sunday '' . `` The Day of the Lord '' is a biblical term and theme used in both the Hebrew Bible ( Old Testament ; -LSB- יֹום YHWH , יְהוָה -RSB- ) and the New Testament ( -LSB- ἡμέρα Lord #Religion , κυρίου -RSB- ) , as in `` The sun shall be turned into darkness , and the moon into blood , before the great and the terrible day of the come '' ( Joel 2:31 , cited in Acts 2:20 ) . In the Hebrew bible , the meaning of the phrases refers to temporal events such as the invasion of a foreign army , the capture of a city and the suffering that befalls the inhabitants . This appears much in the second chapter of Isaiah . In the New Testament , the `` day of the Lord '' may also refer to the writer 's own times , or it may refer to predicted events in a later age of earth 's history including the final judgment and the World to Come . The expression may also have an extended meaning in referring to both the first and second comings of Jesus Christ .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d0388d9297dce4cc2ea03ccf73ee7892", "text": "Apostolic Age The Apostolic Age of the history of Christianity is traditionally regarded as the period of the Twelve Apostles , dating from the Great Commission of the Apostles by the risen Jesus in Jerusalem around 33 AD until the death of the last Apostle , believed to be John the Apostle in Anatolia c. 100 . Traditionally , the Apostles are believed to have dispersed from Jerusalem , founding the Apostolic Sees . It holds special significance in Christian tradition as the age of the direct apostles of Jesus Christ . One major primary source for the `` Apostolic Age '' is the Acts of the Apostles , but its historical accuracy is questioned by some and its coverage is partial , focusing especially from onwards on the ministry of Paul ( an apostle to the Gentiles , but not one of the original twelve apostles - Rom . 1:1 ; 11:13 ) and his companions , and ending around 62 AD with Paul preaching in Rome under house arrest . According to most scholars , the followers of Jesus were composed principally from apocalyptic Jewish sects during the late Second Temple period of the 1st century . Some Early Christian groups were strictly Jewish , such as the Ebionites and the early-church leaders in Jerusalem , collectively called Jewish Christians . During this period , they were led by James the Just . According to , they described themselves as ` disciples of the Lord ' and -LSB- followers -RSB- ` of the Way ' , and according to a settled community of disciples at Antioch were the first to be called ` Christians ' . Saul of Tarsus , commonly known as Paul the Apostle , persecuted the early Jewish Christians , such as Saint Stephen , then converted and adopted the title of `` Apostle to the Gentiles '' and started proselytizing among the Gentiles . He persuaded the leaders of the Jerusalem Church to allow Gentile converts exemption from most Jewish commandments at the Council of Jerusalem . According to the Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church , Paul 's influence on Christian thinking is more significant than any other New Testament author , however the relationship of Paul the Apostle and Judaism is still disputed today ( see the link for details ) . After the Destruction of the Second Temple in AD 70 during the First Jewish-Roman War , or at the latest following the Bar Kokhba revolt of 132 , Jerusalem ceased to be the center of the Christian church , its bishops became `` suffragans '' ( subordinates ) of the Metropolitan bishop of Caesarea . In the 2nd century , Christianity established itself as a predominantly Gentile religion that spanned the Roman Empire and beyond .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9119f6b05953c6fdb16a5fc4dba69e1d", "text": "Matthew 2:4 Matthew 2:4 is the fourth verse of the second chapter of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament . The magi have informed King Herod that they had seen portents showing the birth of the King of the Jews . In this verse he calls together leading figures of Jerusalem to find out where Jesus was to be born . In the King James Version of the Bible the text reads : And when he had gathered all the chief priests and scribes of the people together , he demanded of them where Christ should be born . The World English Bible translates the passage as : Gathering together all the chief priests and scribes of the people , he asked them where the Christ would be born . Most scholars take the reference to `` all the chief priests and scribes '' as referring to the Sanhedrin , the council of leading religious figures that played an important role in governing . Some have argued that the phrase `` all the chief priests '' is incorrect as there was only one chief priest at the time . Brown notes that this phrase occurs in other contemporary documents and refers to the leading priests and also the former chief priests . A more important difficulty with this passage is its historical implausibility . Records from that period show that Herod and the Sanhedrin were sharply divided and their relations acrimonious . Schweizer states that Herod calling and consulting with the council is `` historically almost inconceivable . '' Schweizer believes that the introduction of the Jewish leaders is simply a device so that there will be someone to quote the Old Testament passage that appears in Matthew 2:6 . As with the wording of the previous verse many scholars also see this linking of the Jewish leaders and Herod as an example of Christian anti-Semitism . Gundry agrees that the verse is politically motivated and a deliberate foreshadowing of the persecution of Jesus and his church by the leaders of Jerusalem . He notes that at the time the priest were largely Sadducees while the scribes were mostly Pharisees . Thus the specific mentioning of the two groups might be a deliberate attempt to tar both leading Jewish factions . Also notable about this verse is that King Herod , who has only heard that the King of the Jews had been born , asks about the Christ , or the messiah . That the magi , who first noted the star , do not know and are not even asked about where the messiah might be born is a sign that they are ignorant of Jewish scripture . This is evidence to Brown that they are Gentiles , which is also supported by verse 12 's suggestion that they were foreigners : `` And being warned of God in a dream that they should not return to Herod , they departed into their own country another way . '' John Chrysostom believed that they were from Persia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e6ee85fb880af06f07b732e3523946b2", "text": "Jesus bloodline The Jesus bloodline is a hypothetical sequence of lineal descendants of the historical Jesus , often by Mary Magdalene , usually portrayed as his wife . Differing and contradictory versions of a Jesus bloodline hypothesis have been proposed in numerous books by authors such as Louis Martin ( 1886 ) , Donovan Joyce ( 1973 ) , Andreas Faber-Kaiser ( 1977 ) , Barbara Thiering ( 1992 ) , Margaret Starbird ( 1993 ) , and various websites . Dan Brown 's novel The Da Vinci Code used the premise for its plot line . The 2007 documentary The Lost Tomb of Jesus proposed that evidence existed to show that Jesus was married to Mary Magdalene and that their son was named Judah , based upon inscriptions found on ossuaries discovered in Jerusalem in 1980 . Biblical scholar and author James Tabor has recently affirmed his belief in a married Jesus , while Karen King announced the discovery of text in a Coptic papyrus fragment , alleged to be a translation of a lost 2nd century Gospel , in which Jesus is made to refer to `` my wife '' . That fragment is now considered by most experts to be a fake . Hypothetical Jesus bloodlines should not be confused with the biblical genealogy of Jesus or the historical relatives of Jesus and their descendants , who are known as the Desposyni .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1cd30bbd0349b8e74a04668ab107b3dd", "text": "Direct revelation Direct revelation is a term used by some Christian churches to express their belief in a communication from God to a person , by words , impression , visions , dreams or actual appearance . Direct revelation is believed to be an open communication between God and man , or the Holy Spirit and man , without any other exterior ( secondary ) means . Direct revelation from evil spirits can also occur . Examples of this is seen in God communicating the Ten Commandments to Moses on Mt. Sinai ( Exodus 34:4 ) ; or the devil communicating knowledge to Jesus Christ during his temptation in the wilderness ( Luke 4:1 -12 ) or the appearance of an angel to the wife of Manoah telling her that she shall bear Samson ( Judges 13:2 ) . Direct revelation is classified as special revelation , but the word `` direct '' has come to make this type of revelation distinct . It is believed by mainstream Christianity that direct revelation had ceased with the death of the early apostles in the first century .", "title": "" } ]	fever
63573b8a299a1d2814f306175e6dc7bf	The Hangover Part III stars Ed Helms and Justin Bartha.	[ { "docid": "1bdf149db5915e4fb6aaa13e96b7d7b6", "text": "The Hangover Part III The Hangover Part III is a 2013 American comedy film produced by Legendary Pictures and distributed by Warner Bros. . Pictures . It is the third and final installment in The Hangover trilogy . The film stars Bradley Cooper , Ed Helms , Zach Galifianakis , Justin Bartha , and Ken Jeong . The supporting cast includes Jeffrey Tambor , Heather Graham , Mike Epps , Melissa McCarthy and John Goodman with Todd Phillips directing a screenplay written by himself and Craig Mazin . The film follows the `` Wolfpack '' ( Phil , Stu , Doug , and Alan ) as they try to get Alan the help he needs after facing a personal crisis . However , things go awry when an incident from the original film comes back to haunt them . The Hangover Part III was announced days before the release of The Hangover Part II and Mazin , who co-wrote Part II , was brought on board . In January 2012 , the principal actors re-signed to star . In March 2012 , Warner Bros. announced a U.S. Memorial Weekend release . The supporting roles were cast between June and September 2012 . Principal photography began in September 2012 in Los Angeles , California before moving to Nogales , Arizona and Las Vegas , Nevada . The film was released on May 23 , 2013 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "90f27afba8397fe1f035ddb9ea46d394", "text": "The Hangover Part II The Hangover Part II is a 2011 American comedy film produced by Legendary Pictures and distributed by Warner Bros. . Pictures . It is the sequel to the 2009 film The Hangover and the second installment in The Hangover trilogy . Directed by Todd Phillips , who co-wrote the script with Craig Mazin and Scot Armstrong , the film stars Bradley Cooper , Ed Helms , Zach Galifianakis , Ken Jeong , Jeffrey Tambor , Justin Bartha , and Paul Giamatti . It tells the story of Phil , Stu , Alan , and Doug as they travel to Thailand for Stu 's wedding . After the bachelor party in Las Vegas , Stu takes no chances and opts for a safe , subdued pre-wedding brunch . Things do not go as planned , resulting in another bad hangover with no memories of the previous night . Development began in April 2009 , two months before The Hangover was released . The principal actors were cast in March 2010 to reprise their roles from the first film . Production began in October 2010 , in Ontario , California , before moving on location in Thailand . The film was released on May 26 , 2011 and became the highest-grossing R-rated comedy during its theatrical run . A third and final installment , The Hangover Part III , was released on May 23 , 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "08179929bdde5b44cf8e90a213adb06a", "text": "Beverly Hills Cop III Beverly Hills Cop III is a 1994 American action comedy film starring Eddie Murphy and directed by John Landis , who had previously worked with Murphy on Trading Places and Coming to America . It is the third film in the Beverly Hills Cop trilogy , and a sequel to Beverly Hills Cop II . Murphy again plays Detroit cop Axel Foley , who once again returns to Beverly Hills , California , to stop a gang of counterfeiters who are responsible for the death of his boss . Foley teams up with his friend , Beverly Hills detective Billy Rosewood ( Judge Reinhold ) , and his investigation leads him to an amusement park known as Wonder World . The film features a number of cameo appearances by well-known film personalities , including Robert B. Sherman , Arthur Hiller , John Singleton , Joe Dante , special effects legend Ray Harryhausen , and George Lucas as a ride patron . Beverly Hills Cop III was released on May 25 , 1994 and grossed $ 42 million in the United States , and over $ 77 million in the foreign box office . The film was considered by critics and Murphy himself as the weakest film in the series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d4a8c1b39d79ac1e06e8550e471df6f5", "text": "Jim Thurman James `` Jim '' George Thurman ( March 15 , 1935 -- April 14 , 2007 ) , was an Emmy-winning American writer , actor , photographer , director , cartoonist , and producer . He is best known for the writings of TV gags for the likes of Bob Hope , Bob Newhart , Carol Burnett , Bill Cosby , and Dean Martin .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a15232d320a80e5728993796ce69f23c", "text": "Colin Hanks Colin Hanks ( born Colin Lewes Dillingham ; November 24 , 1977 ) is an American actor and filmmaker . He is known for starring as characters in films such as Shaun Brumder in Orange County , Preston in King Kong , Oliver in The House Bunny , and Troy Gable in The Great Buck Howard . His television roles include Alex Whitman in Roswell , Henry Jones in Band of Brothers , Travis Marshall in Dexter , officer Gus Grimly in Fargo , Jack Bailey in The Good Guys , and Greg Short in Life in Pieces . He is the eldest son of actor Tom Hanks . In the Talking Tom and Friends animated series , he voices Talking Tom .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cee06f27547dc9f80bce7d39fb440590", "text": "The Boat (The Office) `` The Boat '' is the sixth episode of the ninth season of the American comedy television series The Office and the 182nd episode overall . The episode originally aired on NBC on November 8 , 2012 . It guest stars Josh Groban as Andy 's brother Walter . The series depicts the everyday lives of office employees in the Scranton , Pennsylvania branch of the fictional Dunder Mifflin Paper Company . In the episode , Andy Bernard ( Ed Helms ) must help his family when his dad loses all of their money , Dwight Schrute ( Rainn Wilson ) is pranked into thinking he is a guest on a radio show , and Kevin Malone ( Brian Baumgartner ) learns of Oscar Martinez 's ( Oscar Nunez ) affair with Angela Martin 's husband . `` The Boat '' received positive reviews from television critics . The episode was also viewed by 4.83 million viewers and received a 2.4 / 6 percent rating among adults between the ages of 18 and 49 , ranking third in its timeslot , making it the highest rated episode of the season at the time of its airing . The episode ultimately ranked as the second-highest rated NBC series of the night , after The Voice .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0f70a3c79971d2b4edd415a58c6c22e7", "text": "Drunk History Drunk History is an American television comedy series produced by Comedy Central , based on the Funny or Die web series created by Derek Waters and Jeremy Konner in 2007 . In each episode , an inebriated narrator , who is played by a comedian joined by host Waters , struggles to recount an event from history , while actors enact the narrator 's anecdotes and also lip sync the dialogue . The series premiered on Comedy Central on July 9 , 2013 , and its second season premiered on July 1 , 2014 . Will Ferrell and Adam McKay are among the show 's executive producers . In addition to creator Derek Waters and celebrity guest stars , the show 's additional characters are played by regulars Bennie Arthur , Tim Baltz , Mort Burke , Sarah Burns , Maria Blasucci , Craig Cackowski , Michael Cassady , Michael Coleman , Tymberlee Hill , Adam Nee , and Jeremy J. Tutson . On January 13 , 2017 Comedy Central renewed the show for a fifth season , which is set to premiere later in 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4c0191e82d0a75b7cd93652de14f2102", "text": "R. Lee Ermey Ronald Lee Ermey ( born March 24 , 1944 ) , known professionally as R. Lee Ermey , is an American actor , best known for his role as Gunnery Sergeant Hartman in Full Metal Jacket , which earned him a Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor . He is a former United States Marine Corps staff sergeant and an honorary gunnery sergeant ; during his tenure in the U.S. Marine Corps , he served as a drill instructor . Ermey has often been typecast in authority figure roles , such as Mayor Tilman in the film Mississippi Burning , Bill Bowerman in Prefontaine , Sheriff Hoyt in The Texas Chainsaw Massacre remake , Gunnery Sergeant Hartman in Stanley Kubrick 's Full Metal Jacket , Jimmy Lee Farnsworth in Fletch Lives , a police captain in Se7en , plastic army men leader Sarge in the Toy Story films , Lt. `` Tice '' Ryan in Rocket Power , the warden in SpongeBob SquarePants , and John House , Gregory House 's father in House . Ermey has hosted two programs on the History Channel : Mail Call , in which he answered viewers ' questions about various military issues both modern and historic ; and Lock N ' Load with R. Lee Ermey , which concerned the development of different types of weapons . He also hosted Gunny Time on the Outdoor channel .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c0d1271c2267fc07780adf021f5bb2ad", "text": "Toby Huss Toby Huss ( born December 9 , 1966 ) is an American actor best known for portraying Artie in the Nickelodeon series The Adventures of Pete & Pete ( 1993 -- 1996 ) . He is also known for his voice-over work on the long-running animated series King of the Hill ( 1997 -- 2010 ) and his role as Felix `` Stumpy '' Dreifuss on HBO 's Carnivàle ( 2003 -- 2005 ) . He currently plays John Bosworth on the AMC original period drama Halt and Catch Fire .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "955de93aba8f65459d3c0722dc962680", "text": "Treehouse of Horror IV `` Treehouse of Horror IV '' is the fifth episode of The Simpsons ' fifth season and the fourth episode in the Treehouse of Horror series of Halloween specials . It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on October 28 , 1993 , and features three short stories called `` The Devil and Homer Simpson '' , `` Terror at 5 1/2 Feet '' , and `` Bart Simpson 's Dracula '' . The episode was directed by David Silverman and co-written by Conan O'Brien , Bill Oakley , Josh Weinstein , Greg Daniels , Dan McGrath , and Bill Canterbury . In `` The Devil and Homer Simpson '' , Homer Simpson announces he would sell his soul for a doughnut , and the Devil appears to make a deal with Homer . Homer tries to outsmart the Devil by not finishing the doughnut but eventually eats it and is sent to Hell . A trial is held between Homer and the Devil to determine the rightful owner of Homer 's soul . In `` Terror at 5 1/2 Feet '' , while riding the bus to school , Bart Simpson believes he sees a gremlin taking apart the bus piece by piece . Nobody sees it except for Bart , so he tries to remove it on his own . In `` Bart Simpson 's Dracula '' , Mr. Burns is a vampire and Bart falls victim to his bite . Lisa and the rest of the family go to Burns ' castle to kill Burns so Bart can return to normal . As with the rest of the Halloween specials , the episode is considered non-canon and falls outside of the show 's regular continuity . The episode makes cultural references to television series such as The Twilight Zone , Night Gallery , and Peanuts . References are also made to films such as Bram Stoker 's Dracula and The Lost Boys . Since airing , the episode has received mostly positive reviews from television critics . It acquired a Nielsen rating of 14.5 , and was the highest-rated show on the Fox network the week it aired .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f1a6718025ad55ffc029fb444a7c55b4", "text": "Steve Guttenberg Steven Robert `` Steve '' Guttenberg ( born August 24 , 1958 ) is an American actor , author , businessman , producer , and director . He starred in 1984 's Police Academy , and went on to perform in lead roles in Hollywood films of the 1980s , including Cocoon , Three Men and a Baby , and Short Circuit .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "242c6bcb17f923496355b0a19c22f5fc", "text": "Matt Ross (actor) Matthew Brandon `` Matt '' Ross ( born January 3 , 1970 ) is an American actor , director and screenwriter . He wrote and directed the feature film Captain Fantastic , starring Viggo Mortensen , for which he won Un Certain Regard ( recognition of young talent ) at the 2016 Cannes Film Festival . Before that , Ross made seven short films , including The Language of Love , which premiered at the Sundance Film Festival . As an actor , Ross is best known for his roles as Gavin Belson in the HBO series Silicon Valley , Alby Grant in the HBO series Big Love , Glenn Odekirk in The Aviator , and Luis Carruthers in American Psycho . He was also Eddie Scott in the 2005 film Good Night , and Good Luck , for which he was nominated for a Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture . He also directed the feature film 28 Hotel Rooms , which premiered at the Sundance Film Festival . In 2011 and 2015 , he played Charles Montgomery in the first and fifth seasons of FX 's anthology series American Horror Story . He is married to the writer Phyllis Grant , with whom he has two children : Isabel `` Bella '' and Dashiell `` Dash '' Ross .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fb1a0192df5037093557b1d59585adff", "text": "Third Hawkins Born Maurice Hawkins , Third Hawkins is a recognized music producer in and out of the DMV area including his hometown of Baltimore , Maryland . He has been producing music for over 10 years and was formally in the r & b group JONDOE . His group was signed to a demo deal with Universal Music Group during the late 90 's but an album never formed . After performing on the Apollo Theater the group decided to disband and Third Hawkins began his production career . Buying music equipment piece by piece he started working with local artist including a young group which he helped formed . After working with several local artist Third began writing for different singers and became one of Baltimore and Dc 's most unknown talent . He started Ghostwriting for artist because he did not want the notoriety that comes with fame . QUOTE : `` My goal is to become the best multi-genre African American male author of the future . '' Third Hawkins hits the scene with the pure gifted talent of story telling in a way that captivates each reader as if they were a part of the story twisting Urban Literature writing in a way that has never been done . . QUOTE : `` I have done so many things in my life that has made me become the man I am today . Some good and some bad but none of them do I regret . '' Third Hawkins began his journey in the music business in an R&B group called JONDOE of which they were signed to a major record label but never produced a full album . It was then when he focused his talent for writing songs and developing them into musical love stories that he began his curiosity for the literary arts . Although writing is what he loved to do music was always his passion . Producing tracks for local and other music artist . Performing at the legendary Apollo theater and other venues are what inspired him to become a better artist . Between work and relationships the music in his life dwindled and the love he once had left after years of R&B changed in the musical domain . He began to write short stories just for fun and one day while on the subway train . Using nothing but his data phone began texting his first book , `` My Only Syn '' . After writing the book and seeing how new found friends that were writers were screwed over by several publishing companies Third started his own publishing company , 3rdHawkins Publishing and began to write the self acclaimed drama `` Wake Me When It 's Over '' based on the life of a strong man trying to survive living with depression . `` I look at urban novels as the future of literary art because of the fact that it 's as real as you can get in telling a story . Hip Hop was once looked at as a genre in music that would never last and now the stories that they tell have influenced all genres of music from rock to country . Every one has some sort of story to tell and some stories may help even if it 's just one person who will read my book and can relate : I am satisfied and feel I have done my job as an author . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6db02b0cfc977f6ed8b18c65cbca5b19", "text": "Jake Gyllenhaal Jacob Benjamin Gyllenhaal ( -LSB- ˈdʒɪlənhɑːl -RSB- ; born December 19 , 1980 ) is an American actor . A member of the Gyllenhaal family and the son of director Stephen Gyllenhaal and screenwriter Naomi Foner , Gyllenhaal began acting as a child with a screen debut in City Slickers ( 1991 ) , followed by roles in A Dangerous Woman ( 1993 ) and Homegrown ( 1998 ) . His breakthrough performance was as Homer Hickam in October Sky ( 1999 ) and he garnered an Independent Spirit Award nomination for Best Male Lead for playing the title character in the indie cult hit Donnie Darko ( 2001 ) , in which he played a psychologically troubled teenager alongside his older sister , Maggie Gyllenhaal . He subsequently appeared in another indie film , The Good Girl ( 2002 ) and the climate fiction-disaster film The Day After Tomorrow ( 2004 ) , portraying a student caught in a cataclysmic climate event . In 2005 , Gyllenhaal portrayed Anthony `` Swoff '' Swofford in Jarhead , Gwyneth Paltrow 's love interest in Proof , and Jack Twist in Ang Lee 's Brokeback Mountain . For his performance in Brokeback Mountain , he received critical acclaim and won the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role and was nominated for the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Supporting Role , the Satellite Award for Best Supporting Actor -- Motion Picture , and the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor . Gyllenhaal received further recognition for roles in Zodiac ( 2007 ) , Brothers ( 2009 ) , Prince of Persia : The Sands of Time ( 2010 ) , Love & Other Drugs ( 2010 ) , for which he was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor -- Motion Picture Musical or Comedy , Source Code ( 2011 ) , End of Watch ( 2012 ) , Prisoners , Enemy ( both 2013 ) , Nightcrawler ( 2014 ) , Southpaw ( 2015 ) and Nocturnal Animals ( 2016 ) . For Nightcrawler , his performance was widely acclaimed and received rave reviews from critics and he was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor -- Motion Picture Drama , the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role , and the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a28b8f2059ead97d1ff281f84a452e02", "text": "Shameless (season 3) The third season of Shameless , an American comedy-drama television series based on the award-winning British series of the same name by Paul Abbott , premiered on January 13 , 2013 , at Sunday 9:00 p.m. EST on the Showtime television network . Executive producers are John Wells , Paul Abbott and Andrew Stearn , with producer Michael Hissrich . The season concluded after 12 episodes on April 7 , 2013 . The shows season premiere brought in 2.00 million viewers , becoming the show highest rated episode ever to-date . The episode airing February 17 , `` The Sins of My Caretaker '' , received 1.31 million total viewers , its lowest rated episode of the season . The season finale scored 1.82 million viewers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "11bdc4acb2c4303adf7c25e136bd4861", "text": "Robert Smigel Robert Smigel ( born February 7 , 1960 ) is an American actor , humorist , comedian and writer known for his Saturday Night Live `` TV Funhouse '' cartoon shorts and as the puppeteer and voice behind Triumph , the Insult Comic Dog . He also co-wrote both Hotel Transylvania films and You Do n't Mess with the Zohan , all starring Adam Sandler .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "24fde163931dad61927643e071c359b5", "text": "Jeff Garlin Jeffrey Todd `` Jeff '' Garlin ( born June 5 , 1962 ) is an American comedian , actor , producer , voice artist , director , writer , podcast host and author . He has acted in many television shows and some movies , is an expert in magic , and is known for his role as Jeff Greene on the HBO show Curb Your Enthusiasm , for which he was nominated for seven Emmys in his role as Executive Producer and two wins for Producing from the PGAs . He currently stars in the ABC sitcom The Goldbergs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5eed381a6c740dc75218643ee7ac4e94", "text": "Hangover Tonight `` Hangover Tonight '' is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Gary Allan . It was released to country radio on March 2 , 2015 as the lead single to Allan 's upcoming tenth studio album . The song was written by Allan , Chris Stapleton , Cary Barlowe and Jesse Frasure .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1bbb2fa6490eab538b7a0495e4cbcb7a", "text": "Shane Stanley Shane Stanley ( born June 15 , 1971 in Los Angeles ) is a multi-Emmy Award-winning filmmaker and founder of Visual Arts Entertainment , a film and television production company based in Los Angeles . Best known for executive producing Gridiron Gang starring Dwayne `` The Rock '' Johnson for Sony Pictures and directing Bret Michaels music videos supporting the hit show Rock of Love . Stanley , a four-time nominee , was the youngest to ever win a production Emmy Award , winning his first at sixteen and his second at nineteen for his work on The Desperate Passage Series . Stanley made his directorial debut helming his own screenplay A Sight for Sore Eyes which starred Academy Award nominee Gary Busey . Besides being honored with dozens of prestigious awards and film festival honors , the film was invited to screen at the Cannes Film Festival in 2005 and won Best Drama at the International Family Film Festival in 2006 . Also a commercial and music video director , Stanley 's most recognized work includes campaigns for Call of Duty 4 : Modern Warfare , Sony PlayStation , Morongo Casino , Resort & Spa , Kimberly-Clark , San Manuel Indian Bingo & Casino as well as PSA 's for the American Diabetes Association . His most known music videos include StorySide : B 's `` Miracle '' and Bret Michaels 's Go That Far which reached # 1 and remained on the VH1 Top 20 Video Countdown for over three months . The video is ranked on the network 's list of 100 Best Music Videos . As of 2010 , five of Stanley 's music videos have been on the VH1 Top 20 Video Countdown , ( two simultaneously ) . Shane co-wrote Bret Michaels 's autobiography , `` Roses & Thorns '' for Simon & Schuster and most recently produced the late Zalman King 's , Pleasure or Pain which will release in 2014 . Pleasure or Pain would be Golden Globe Nominee , King 's final film before his passing in 2012 . In 2015 , Shane directed The Untold Story starring Barry Van Dyke , Nia Peeples , Jason Connery , and Ellen Greene a film he co-wrote with his father , Lee Stanley . This would be their first collaboration since Gridiron Gang in 2005 . Shane began 2016 helming Mistrust which he co-wrote with Tiffany Johnson . The film stars two-time Golden Globes winner , Jane Seymour ( actress ) , Parker Stevenson , Patrick Bristow , William Shockley ( actor ) , and Nia Peeples .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0cde16ebe9943bc2be0e284e4160e740", "text": "Rip Taylor Charles Elmer `` Rip '' Taylor , Jr. ( born January 13 , 1935 ) is an American actor and comedian . He is known for his exuberance and flamboyant personality , including his wild moustache and his habit of showering himself ( and others ) with confetti .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ecabde54b978d5cfa6ceb797b1642eb1", "text": "George Wendt George Robert Wendt III ( born October 17 , 1948 ) is an American actor and comedian , best known for the role of Norm Peterson on the television show Cheers .", "title": "" } ]	fever
ee6c55e7bbdcaa436f391d084623bb44	The Panic in Needle Park featured a performance by Pacino.	[ { "docid": "2b58fc6b377ad48ebe3b62f89c397b83", "text": "The Panic in Needle Park The Panic in Needle Park is a 1971 American romantic drama film directed by Jerry Schatzberg and starring Al Pacino , in his second film appearance . The screenplay was written by Joan Didion and John Gregory Dunne , adapted from the 1966 novel by James Mills . The film portrays life among a group of heroin addicts who hang out in `` Needle Park '' ( then-nickname of Sherman Square on Manhattan 's Upper West Side near 72nd Street and Broadway ) . The film is a love story between Bobby ( Pacino ) , a young addict and small-time hustler , and Helen ( Kitty Winn ) , a restless woman whom finds Bobby charismatic . She becomes an addict , and life goes downhill for them both as their addictions worsen , eventually leading to a series of betrayals .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "85d9df8bd148ebf5bd18a619ff7d678b", "text": "Tower Heist Tower Heist is a 2011 American heist comedy film directed by Brett Ratner and written by Ted Griffin and Jeff Nathanson , based on a story by Bill Collage , Adam Cooper and Griffin . The plot follows Josh Kovaks ( Ben Stiller ) , Charlie Gibbs ( Casey Affleck ) and Enrique Dev ` reaux ( Michael Peña ) , employees of an exclusive apartment building who lose their pensions in the Ponzi scheme of Wall Street businessman Arthur Shaw ( Alan Alda ) . The group enlist the aid of criminal Slide ( Eddie Murphy ) , bankrupt businessman Mr. Fitzhugh ( Matthew Broderick ) and another employee of the apartment building , Odessa ( Gabourey Sidibe ) , to break into Shaw 's apartment and steal back their money while avoiding the FBI agent in charge of his case , Claire Denham ( Téa Leoni ) . Tower Heist began development as early as 2005 , based on an idea by Murphy that would star himself and an all-black cast of comedians as a heist group who rob Trump International Hotel and Tower . As the script developed and changed into an Ocean 's Eleven -- style caper , Murphy left the project . Ratner continued to develop the idea into what would eventually become Tower Heist , with Murphy later rejoining the production . Filming took place entirely in New York City on a budget of $ 75 million ( after tax rebates ) , with several buildings provided by Donald Trump used to represent the eponymous tower . The film score was composed by Christophe Beck and released commercially on November 1 , 2011 . The film received mixed reviews with much of the praise going to the cast , including Broderick , Leoni and Stiller . However , Murphy was repeatedly singled out by critics as the star of the film , with critics feeling that he displayed a welcome return to the comedic style of his early career . Much of the criticism received by the film was focused on the plot , which was considered `` formulaic , '' `` rushed , '' `` dull '' and `` laborious . '' The film was released on November 4 , 2011 and earned $ 152 million worldwide . Prior to release , the film was involved in a controversy over plans by Universal Pictures to release it for home viewing on video on demand to 500,000 Comcast customers , only three weeks after its theatrical debut . Concern over the implementation 's harming ticket sales and inspiring further films to follow suit resulted in several theater chains ' refusal to show the film at all if the plan went ahead , forcing Universal to abandon the idea .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7e021f2ee4c70b36c5b56abf8e62374c", "text": "Peter Coyote Peter Coyote ( born Robert Peter Cohon ; October 10 , 1941 ) is an American actor , author , director , screenwriter and narrator of films , theatre , television and audiobooks . His voice work includes narrating the opening ceremony of the 2002 Winter Olympics and Apple 's iPad Retina Display campaign . He has also served as on-camera co-host of the 2000 Oscar telecasts . His distinctive voice helped him win a News & Documentary Emmy Award in 1992 for narration of `` The Meiji Revolution '' episode of the PBS series The Pacific Century , as well as a Primetime Emmy Award in 2015 for Ken Burns ' documentary special The Roosevelts . He has often been compared with actor Henry Fonda . Coyote was one of the founders of the Diggers , an anarchist improv group active in Haight-Ashbury during the mid-1960s . Coyote was also an actor , writer and director with the San Francisco Mime Troupe ; his prominence in the San Francisco counterculture scene led to his being interviewed for the book Voices from the Love Generation . He acted in and directed the first cross-country tour of The Minstrel Show , and his play Olive Pits , co-authored with Mime Troupe member Peter Berg , won the troupe an Obie Award from the Village Voice . Coyote became a member , and later chairman , of the California Arts Council from 1975 to 1983 . In the late 1970s , he shifted from acting on stage to acting in films . In the 1990s and 2000s ( decade ) , he acted in several television shows . He speaks fluent Spanish and French .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "49174415e6a3e11df064109932807308", "text": "Watsonville (play) Watsonville : Some Place Not Here is a three-act 1996 play by Cherríe Moraga . It depicts a cannery strike in Watsonville , California . Watsonville and the 1995 play Circle in the Dirt were published together in a single book by the West End Press . It is the sequel to the 1994 play Heroes and Saints . The play was a project of Stanford University . Pareles wrote that Watsonville criticizes anti-immigration policies in California and Mexican-Americans perceived to have sold out to Anglo culture , or vendidos , who believe such policies should be compromised with . Ruben Mendoza of Confluencia : Revista Hispanica de Cultura y Literatura wrote that the play uses a communal third place ( also known as a third space ) to criticize `` capitalist spatial practice '' . In addition the play also discusses the labor movement 's gender and immigrant rights situation . Moraga stated that the play is based `` loosely on three actual events that took place in a central California coastal farm worker town by the same name . '' These events were a 1985-1987 cannery strike , a 1989 7.1 Richter scale earthquake , and a vision of the Lady of Guadalupe in the Pinto Lake county park . Lisa B. Thompson of the Theatre Journal wrote that there is `` drama with vibrant dialogue and compelling , diverse characters '' because Moraga did not use the words of those she interviewed for research purposes verbatim and instead `` the voices Moraga listened to while researching the plays merge with her own . '' Watsonville has select phrases and sentences in the dialog in the Spanish language instead of English . The play , along with Circle in the Dirt , uses dialog that is a mixture of English and Spanish to paraphrase the content of the interviews conducted by Moraga ; most of the actual interviews were done entirely in Spanish . The music in the play includes bolero , cumbia , and rap . Some of the music includes original compositions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a40a445e7b8f31d68bce2a4c1621090", "text": "Paul Simon in Concert: Live Rhymin' Paul Simon in Concert : Live Rhymin ' is an album by Paul Simon , released in March 1974 by Columbia Records . It was recorded in the wake of the release of There Goes Rhymin ' Simon -- which produced a number of hit singles ( `` Kodachrome '' and `` Loves Me Like a Rock '' ) and radio staples ( as `` Something So Right '' and `` Take Me to the Mardi Gras '' ) during Simon 's 1973-74 tour , at Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum , New York , July 10th , 1973 . However , the album presents a very truncated version of the concerts he performed on this tour , which consisted of up to 24 songs . The album fails to note where the performances were recorded , although according to liner notes in a later Simon compilation , `` Duncan '' is from a London concert and `` American Tune '' was recorded in New York City . Simon was joined by Urubamba and the Jessy Dixon Singers , although the individual members are not identified either on the recording or on the liner notes . In addition to `` Jesus Is the Answer '' , included on the album , Jessy Dixon also performed `` What Do They Call Him '' on tour , while Urubamba performed the instrumentals `` Kacharpari '' and `` Death in Santa Cruz '' . The album was Simon 's first live release and showed him performing Simon & Garfunkel songs solo in concert for the first time . The variety of songs and richness of styles helped with the album 's appeal . Most notable was Simon 's fascination with gospel , something that materialized in the arrangements on many of the songs , taking distance from Simon 's classical folk early style . Near the end of the album , an audience member calls out for Simon to `` say a few words . '' He replies : `` Say a few words ? Well , let 's hope that we continue to live . '' The album was a moderate success . It reached # 33 in the U.S. and was eventually certified gold by the RIAA . However , it failed to chart at all in the UK . Further , two of the live performances were released as a single as part of the promotion for the album : the breakthrough Simon & Garfunkel `` The Sound of Silence '' as the A-side , along with Simon 's debut single `` Mother and Child Reunion '' on the B-side .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f541e153fb72c381617771b6f4264e31", "text": "Stanley Theater (Utica, New York) The Stanley Theatre is a historic Baroque movie palace in Utica , New York . Over the years , it has gone through several changes of ownership , but has always been affiliated with Warner Brothers Pictures . Originally owned by the Stanley-Mark Strand Corporation chain , the Stanley Theatre ( and entire movie theatre chain ) was purchased three days before opening by Warner Brothers . The company was eager to showcase its products on as many screens as possible . The theatre opened on September 10 , 1928 , with the silent movie Ramona starring Dolores del Río . Thomas W. Lamb , a prolific theatre architect , designed the 2,963 seat cinema for the Mastbaum chain of theatres . The theatre was named for Stanley , one of the Mastbaum brothers . While Lamb and his firm designed over 300 theatres worldwide , he is considered to be somewhat of a local , having owned a camp in the Adirondacks . ( His great grandson lives in the Albany area today . ) The Stanley was built in less than 13 months on the expanding southern edge of downtown , some four blocks away from Utica 's theatre district . Unfortunately , all the theatres located there were razed during the Urban Renewal era of the 1960s and 70s . The Stanley remained open through all of this , though it suffered many years of benign neglect . In 1974 , when the threat of destruction became very real , the Central New York Community Arts Council ( renamed Stanley Center for the Arts in 2008 ) spearheaded a campaign to acquire the property , which it did for $ 135,000 . The design motif of the Stanley Theatre is dubbed `` Mexican Baroque '' because of its unique blend of styles . The terra cotta and tiled mosaic exterior shows the Mexican influence , while Habsburg lions , Indian faces , and a multitude of angels and cherubs grace the lavish gold leaf Baroque theatre interior . Moorish influence is also evident in the star-splashed ceiling and twisted columns flanking the stage . Legend has it that the grand entry staircase was designed to resemble the main staircase on the Titanic ocean liner . While the Stanley Theatre continued to be primarily a movie house , it introduced live events early in its history . Today it is host to the Munson-Williams-Proctor Arts Institute Great Artists Series ( over 75 years ) ; Broadway Theatre League ( 50 years ) ; Utica Symphony ( over 60 years ) ; and the Mohawk Valley Ballet ( over 25 years ) . Notable early performers included legendary singers Marian Anderson , Ezio Pinza , Lily Pons , Jeanette MacDonald , and Gene Autry . Later illustrious entertainers included Chuck Mangione , Conway Twitty , Third Eye Blind , Diana Ross , Barry Manilow , and Harry Connick Jr. . The Stanley was also host to multiple appearances by Jerry Seinfeld , Wynton Marsalis , George Carlin , Itzhak Perlman , Bob Weir & RatDog ! , and B.B. King . More recent performances include Aretha Franklin and legendary songwriter Burt Bacharach . The Broadway Theatre League brought in National Touring productions of Cats ( musical ) , Annie , Evita , Sweeney Todd , and Barnum . The theater was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976 . It is significant for its relationship to the early movie industry and its distinctive architecture .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d3edbf907fd73ed262ddd5771f9869dc", "text": "The San Francisco Improv Alliance Started in 2005 by Shaun Landry , artistic director of Oui Be Negroes , The San Francisco Improv Alliance is a group of actors dedicated to Improvisational Theater . The Alliance offers performance opportunities to upcoming ensembles , stages self-produced shows , co-production of pre-established ensembles , master class workshops and national ensembles and community outreach in the field of improvisational theatre . The San Francisco Improv Talent Pool also offers improvisational actors a chance at paying work in the craft of improvisational theater through educational , corporate , film , radio and television events . In 2007 the Alliance has expanded out its community resources to improvisers with the city of San Francisco , The County of Alameda for work with The San Francisco Family Festival and Public Service Announcements for The Department of Public Health , providing talented improvisers for these worthy organizations . The Alliance has also doubled its corporate and film bookings in 2007 with major institutions including Major League Baseball . The Improv Alliance is also the producer of The San Francisco Improv Festival . Beginning in 2003 ( with improviser Sam Shaw ) , the SFIF has had thousands of audience members attend improvisational theater and learn from master class teachers including Mick Napier , David Razowsky , and Ian Roberts . It is one of the few improvisational Theater Festivals that pays its ensembles to perform . Starting as a 12-week event , The festival now runs over a seven-week span , making it still `` The Longest Running Improv Festival in the Country '' . Sam Shaw left the San Francisco Improv Festival in June 2005 giving all rights and entities to the business of The San Francisco Improv Festival ( SFIF ) to Landry . In 2007 , Clay Robeson and Hans Summers are now Associate Producers along with Ms. Landry .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "421e532288819f99cff7429f94376be1", "text": "Paul Shortino Paul Shortino ( born May 14 , 1953 ) is an American rock singer and musician who has sung for several bands , including Rough Cutt/The Cutt , Quiet Riot , Bad Boyz , and Shortino . He briefly recorded with J.K. Northrup as the duo Shortino/Northrup . He has also recorded as a solo artist , writing and performing the song `` E.G.G.M.A.N. '' as the theme for Dr. Eggman in Sonic Adventure 2 for Sega ( this song was later revised by Remix Factory in Shadow the Hedgehog as `` E.G.G.M.A.N. Doc Robeatnix Mix '' ) . In 1985 , Shortino recorded lead vocals for the Heavy Metal benefit project Hear 'n Aid . The single from this project , `` We 're Stars '' also features lead vocals by heavy metal singers Ronnie James Dio , Rob Halford , Geoff Tate , Don Dokken , Kevin DuBrow , Eric Bloom and Dave Meniketti . He is currently in the band King Kobra and is also performing in the cast of Raiding the Rock Vault at the Tropicana in Las Vegas , Nevada .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d104aa07fd961f0ab259be45e1157fe4", "text": "Live at Donington (AC/DC album) Live at Donington is the DVD recording of the AC/DC show at Donington Park on 17 August 1991 , and it was the band 's third Monsters of Rock festival . The two-hour show was performed before 72,500 spectators and included real cannons , the Hells Bell , an inflatable Rosie and an inflatable Angus . It was filmed in 35 mm Panavision and had 26 cameras that included one situated inside a helicopter . The DVD includes special features such as stereo and 5.1 surround sound , Iso-cam versions of certain songs for different band members , and audio commentary from Angus and Malcolm Young . Another option allows the viewer to focus on just one member for the length of a song . This option is available for Angus Young on `` Thunderstruck '' , `` Back in Black '' , and `` Highway to Hell '' . The option is offered for Malcolm Young on `` T.N.T. '' , Brian Johnson on `` Whole Lotta Rosie '' and Cliff Williams `` Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap '' . One other feature is a full catalogue discography with audio interview of all international albums . Despite the commercial success of the DVD , many hardcore fans were disappointed that the audio was fixed , with many differences than the original video , though the DVD officially released in Brazil still has original audio . Tracks from Live at Donington on AC/DC Live have the original audio .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "63b42c07be9e1b1e84902fabc90ae057", "text": "Manny the Hippie Manny the Hippie ( born Micah Papp in 1976 ) was a San Francisco Haight-Ashbury regular in 1996 when Late Show with David Letterman was being hosted from there and David Letterman `` discovered '' him on the street . Letterman interviewed Manny on the air and subsequently made him a national celebrity . He became a regular movie reviewer on the show and renowned for his slang , like `` schwag '' for bad , `` dank '' for good , `` diggity dank '' for excellent and `` schwiggity schwag '' for worst . David Letterman sent him scouring the streets of San Francisco on reportages , and also dispatched him on newsbeats across the nation , for instance to Roswell . However , he was wanted in Xenia , Ohio for pot smoking , and sentenced to spend eighteen months in jail in Ohio . On his last Late Show Manny was given a stern and severe lecture by Letterman . While considering having him back on the show after his release , he said to Manny that if he ever got in trouble again `` I do n't know you . '' During his stay in prison , he had plans to write a book . Apparently those were thwarted by the need to constantly sign autographs for his fellow convicts and reply to fan mail . Released after ten months , he returned to San Francisco . Based upon his TV show fame he tried to launch a movie career , and in 1998 he played a bit part as `` Vegan GooBall '' in the movie Around the Fire '' Manny is still a minor celebrity in San Francisco , busking on the streets and attending various pot legalization rallies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6f48051558ea294bec010466d3d3f9cc", "text": "Sam Coppola Sam Coppola ( July 31 , 1932 -- February 5 , 2012 ) was an American actor . He appeared in almost 70 films , beginning in 1968 , but may be best remembered for his role as Dan Fusco , owner of the Bay Ridge , Brooklyn , hardware and paint store , in Saturday Night Fever , who gave John Travolta 's character sage but salty advice in the classic 1977 film . Later in his career , Coppola made a brief but memorable appearance on The Sopranos as the idiosyncratic family therapist of Jennifer Melfi . Coppola was a cop in Serpico ( 1973 ) , starring Al Pacino , and a detective in Fatal Attraction ( 1987 ) , starring Michael Douglas and Glenn Close . His many TV credits include The Practice , The Good Wife , Law & Order , The Sopranos , Ryan 's Hope and the 2001 A&E movie The Big Heist , in which he portrayed mob boss Paul Castellano . Coppola , no relation to film director Francis Ford Coppola , played a nursing home resident in a Chevy commercial that aired during 2011 's Super Bowl and a hot dog vendor in a Ball Park Franks spot starring Michael Jordan . Coppola , a 38-year resident of Leonia , also had many stage roles . He played the hobo Vladimir in a 2005 off-Broadway production of `` Waiting for Godot '' and an aging real estate salesman , Aaronow , in a 2000 production of Glengarry Glen Ross at the McCarter Theatre in Princeton . Coppola died February 5 , 2012 from an aneurysm , and was predeceased by his wife , Helen . He is survived by his children , Jason Coppola of Brooklyn and Samantha Coppola of Bogota , and three grandchildren .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4fd2835298e39d9e66d92d5a7f1082b", "text": "Barry Manilow Live Barry Manilow Live is the fifth album by the singer-songwriter Barry Manilow . The album was released in 1977 , and it scored quadruple platinum . Manilow also was among 1977 Special Tony Award winners Lily Tomlin , Diana Ross , National Theatre For the Deaf and Equity Library Theatre honored with the award that year . He received it for Barry Manilow on Broadway , his 12-day stay at the Uris Theatre from December 21 , 1976 to January 2 , 1977 , where this live album was recorded . The album is known for giving the first commercial release to Manilow 's VSM ( `` Very Strange Medley '' ) . Before the performance Manilow refers to this as a medley of songs that he included in his act against the values of his `` artsy fartsy friends '' . It is a medley of commercial jingles Manilow was involved with , either as a writer or performer , before he became a chart star . The products/companies these promoted include Kentucky Fried Chicken , State Farm , Stridex , Band-Aid , Bowlene , Dr. Pepper , Pepsi and McDonald 's . When first released on compact disc , dialogue and all movements to `` Beautiful Music '' were omitted for it all to fit on one disc , however the 2006 compact disc re-release restores all dialogue and songs , in addition to reordering the track listing to accommodate for the added bonus tracks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "44c9d45cefb509d8718d43db0aa11b37", "text": "Central Park Central Park is an urban park in Manhattan , New York City . Central Park is the most visited urban park in the United States , with 40 million visitors in 2013 , and one of the most filmed locations in the world . The park was established in 1857 on 778 acre of city-owned land . In 1858 , Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux , a landscape architect and an architect , respectively , won a design competition to improve and expand the park with a plan they titled the `` Greensward Plan '' . Construction began the same year and the park 's first area was opened to the public in the winter of 1858 . Construction continued during the American Civil War farther north , and was expanded to its current size of 843 acre in 1873 . Central Park was designated a National Historic Landmark by the U.S. Department of the Interior in 1962 , which in April 2017 placed it on the tentative list for UNESCO World Heritage sites . The park , managed for decades by the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation , is currently managed by the Central Park Conservancy under contract with the municipal government in a public-private partnership . The Conservancy is a non-profit organization that contributes 75 percent of Central Park 's $ 65 million annual budget and is responsible for all basic care of the 843-acre park .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3fabf230d1566e044c38f4253b178401", "text": "Mark Panick Mark Panick ( born August , 28 1956 , Chicago , Illinois , United States ) is an American musician , bandleader and songwriter best known for fronting the underground rock groups Bonemen of Barumba and Razorhouse .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5088fbdec8c0d034b4cb28381aaafd4d", "text": "Starting pistol A starting pistol or starter pistol is a blank handgun that is fired to start track and field races , as well as competitive swimming races at some meets . The sound of the gun going off serves as the signal for the athletes to begin the event . Starter guns `` can not fire real ammunition or be modified to fire real ammunition . '' Beside sporting events , they are also used in films and in TV or stage shows . Blank shells or caps are used to prevent expelling projectiles , and only small amount of smoke can be seen when shot . Starting pistols may also include modified versions of standard pistols incapable of firing bullets , most commonly achieved by welding an obstruction into the barrel . This is less common nowadays , especially in Western countries . When electronic timing is used , a sensor is often affixed to the gun , which sends an electronic signal to the timing system upon firing . For deaf competitors or for modern electronic systems , a light may be used instead . An issue with the use of starting pistols is that , since the report of the pistol is carried to the competitors at the speed of sound , which takes about 3 milliseconds to travel one metre , positions nearest the starter hear the report a few milliseconds before further positions . This issue is exaggerated in races where the runners begin in a stagger , putting a significant distance between the nearest and furthest runners . To avoid this problem , the pistol is in all major competitions wired with a microphone that transmits the sound virtually instantaneously to loudspeakers directly behind each competitor . With security after the September 11 attacks on the US becoming prevalent , causing issues with starting pistols , a trend developed to use electronic starting systems that do not use pistols , but use a `` dummy '' prop pistol which can not function as a firearm that is wired to the timing system . When the starter presses the button , they emit a signal to play a simulated gunshot that is broadcast to loudspeakers behind each lane , show a flash , emit simulated smoke , and start the timing clock . Many venues have switched to the new format . Beyond the security concerns , it has also been observed that even with the use of loudspeakers , some competitors still wait for the actual sound of the gun to reach them , and since the new all-electronic starting pistols have no such problems , they became the official way of starting games at the 2012 Summer Olympics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "af1080b43b867e805f7444b7f6f90ce7", "text": "The Theater Offensive The Theater Offensive is a Boston-based theatrical organization dedicated to the production of queer works . The Theater Offensive was founded in 1989 by Abraham Rybeck `` to present the diversity of lesbian , gay , bisexual , and transgender lives in art so bold it breaks through personal isolation , challenges the status quo , and builds thriving communities . '' The Theater Offensive mounts and produces festivals and individual productions by national and local queer performers , and also serves as a development environment for new theatrical work . In addition , The Theater Offensive works to build community through education , outreach , and political activism . The Theater Offensive has expanded throughout its history . The True Colors OUT Youth Theater troupe concentrates on producing dramatical works produced by young , queer artists . Up until the summer of 2008 , its `` A Street Theater Named Desire '' , a guerrilla AIDS activist theater troupe , enters gay cruising grounds and presents performances that promote safe sex and AIDS education . The Theater Offensive produces an annual Out on the Edge Festival of Queer Theater , which showcases new performing arts works by queer artists from around the world . It has been held each fall since its inception in 1992 . True Colors : Out Youth Theater , a program of The Theater Offensive and the country 's largest and longest-running lesbian , gay , bisexual , transgender and queer ( LGBTQ ) youth theater program , received the 2016 National Arts and Humanities Youth Program Award from First Lady Michelle Obama , for its effectiveness in promoting learning and life skills in young people through the arts by engaging them in creative youth development programming . The National Arts and Humanities Youth Program Award is the nation 's highest honor for youth arts programs , and True Colors , which was established in 1994 , is the first LGBTQ organization in history to receive this award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "afd74e666985c812831d2776c1f4047a", "text": "Luna Park (1992 film) Luna Park ( Луна-парк 1992 ) is a Franco-Russian produced film . The second feature film of Russian director Pavel Lungin , it depicts the story of a young antisemitic skinhead leader , Andrei Leonov ( Andrei Gutin ) who is forced to come to terms with the discovery that his father , Naoum Kheifitz ( Oleg Borisov ) is of Jewish ancestry . The film , of the chernukha ( Russian : чернуха , roughly `` black stuff '' ) , genre , follows Andrei as he explores his heritage and the relationship he begins with his father . Luna Park was shown at the Toronto Festival of Festivals on , and was released in New York in January 1994 . It was nominated for the Palme d'Or at the 1992 Cannes Film Festival . The composer Isaak Schwarz won a Nika Award from the Russian Academy of Cinema Arts and Sciences for the film 's music .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9e112c7131983933cc816e66172c030a", "text": "The Kitchen `` The Kitchen '' is a family of companies headquartered in Boulder , Colo. that work in tandem to pursue an America where everyone has access to Real Food . The Kitchen is a non-profit , multi-disciplinary art and performance space located at 512 West 19th Street , between Tenth and Eleventh Avenues in the Chelsea neighborhood of Manhattan , New York City . It was founded in Greenwich Village in 1971 by Steina and Woody Vasulka , taking its name from the original location , the kitchen of the Mercer Arts Center , where artists working mostly in video showed their work . Although first intended as a location for the exhibition of video art , The Kitchen soon expanded its mission to include other forms of art , both plastic and performance . In 1974 , The Kitchen relocated to a building at the corner of Wooster and Broome Streets in SoHo , and incorporated as a not-for-profit arts organization . In 1987 it moved to its current location . The first music director of The Kitchen was composer Rhys Chatham . The venue became known as a place where many No Wave bands like Glenn Branca , Lydia Lunch and James Chance performed . Notable Kitchen alumni also include Philip Glass , Laurie Anderson , Rocco Di Pietro , John Moran , Jay Scheib , Young Jean Lee 's Theater Company , Peter Greenaway , Michael Nyman , Steve Reich , Pauline Oliveros , Gordon Mumma , Frederic Rzewski , Ridge Theater , The Future Sound of London , Leisure Class , Elliott Sharp , Brian Eno , Arthur Russell , Meredith Monk , Arleen Schloss , Vito Acconci , Keshavan Maslak , Elaine Summers , Lucinda Childs , Bill T. Jones , David Byrne/Talking Heads , chameckilerner , John Jasperse , Bryce Dessner , Nico Muhly , ETHEL , Chris McIntyre , Sylvie Degiez , Wayne Lopes/CosmicLegends , and Cindy Sherman . Today , The Kitchen focuses on presenting emerging artists , most of whom are local , and is committed to advancing work that is experimental in nature . Its facilities include a 155-seat black box performance space and a gallery space for audio and visual exhibitions . The Kitchen presents work in music , dance , performance , video , film , visual art , and literature .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7ee50607f734d8b5821d0bb80a616339", "text": "A Needle Woman A Needle Woman is a performance video artwork created by artist Kimsooja . The videos projected simultaneously that comprise Kimsooja 's A Needle Woman ( 1999 ) presents the artist wearing precisely the same clothes , standing precisely the same way , and , it would seem , at the same time of day in various urban environments . A Needle Woman premiered at CCA Kitakyushu in 1999 . In the Kitakyshu version the artist presented a video channel where she lied on top of a rock formation , as Kimsooja explained `` When I was invited to make a new commissioned work at the Center for Contemporary Art in Kitakyushu , Japan , I thought I would do a performance piece - one in the city of Tokyo , and the other one in nature . Then I would juxtapose them together . As a result one was standing still in the middle of a crowd , while the other was lying down on a rock , facing nature . Verticality and horizontality were a metaphor for a dynamic balance between urban and natural forces . '' In further installations of A Needle Woman Kimsooja focused on the urban aspect of the work and shot a number of new videos where she stood absolutely still , her back facing the camera , amid passing crowds of inhabitants in Patan , Nepal ; Havana , Cuba ; N'Djamena , Chad ; Rio de Janeiro , Brazil ; Sana'a , Yemen ; Jerusalem , Israel . Kimsooja in these videos is often described as a nomadic figure traveling across the world to come to rest in a crowded thoroughfare . The Needle referred to in the title is Kimsooja theorizing herself as a needle passing through the fabric of a place and its people . A common feature of the locations visited in the work is that they are all places of violence , disrepair or unresolved conflict ; lending to the needle a metaphoric function as an instrument of suture and healing . Subsequent versions of A Needle Woman were shown at MoMA PS1 Contemporary art center in 2001 , at the Kunsthalle Bern in Bern Switzerland in 2001 , for the 51st Venice Biennale as part of the Arsenale in 2005 , and was projected as a single channel public art project for La Nuit Blanche on the facade of Hotel de Ville , Paris in 2009", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4fc96d02d405141413fdb8746883d416", "text": "Paul Simon in Concert Paul Simon in Concert dates from October 8 , 1980 , when singer-songwriter Paul Simon performed a concert at the Tower Theater outside Philadelphia as part of his One Trick Pony Tour . The concert was recorded and released as a VHS video under this name . This concert has also been widely bootlegged on CD due to the quality of the performances of classic Simon songs as well as now-rare live recordings of songs such as `` Jonah '' and `` Ace in the Hole '' from One-Trick Pony . In November 2003 , the recording was re-released on DVD with the title Live at the Tower Theatre . The original recording was reproduced in surround sound and the DVD 's extra features include biographies of the band members from the One Trick Pony film and soundtrack including Richard Tee and Eric Gale . Category :2003 video albums Category : Live video albums Category : Paul Simon albums Category :2003 live albums", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8152780ad1f742e685abe99ffdb068c5", "text": "Chino XL Derek Keith Barbosa ( born April 8 , 1974 ) , better known by his stage name Chino XL , is an American rapper and actor , known for his `` technically '' accomplished style , consisting of self-consciously over-the-top punchlines , exaggerated egotism , complex rhyme schemes , and use of multiple similes , puns , metaphors , and word play . He has collaborated on various projects with some of the most well known in Hip Hop . Chino is also an avid bodybuilder . Chino started rhyming in 1986 , as said in his song `` Do n't Say A Word '' . He has released four solo studio albums , in which his most recent -- Ricanstruction : The Black Rosary - won the 2012 HHUG Album of the Year award Aside from music , Chino also forged a career in acting , appearing in several films and making guest appearances on the Comedy Central series Reno 911 ! and the CBS series CSI : Miami . He has starred in films alongside Kate Hudson , Luke Wilson , and Rob Reiner and had a solo project debut at Robert Redford 's Sundance Film Festival . He is the nephew of Bernie Worrell of music group Parliament/Funkadelic . Barbosa is also a member of Mensa .", "title": "" } ]	fever
6e2092daaf252ee3eb75d65ceb6dbe6f	The Weeknd released at least two albums.	[ { "docid": "177bb18c7f02cf1fd38b1ca75a1e6783", "text": "The Weeknd The Weeknd ( born Abel Makkonen Tesfaye ; February 16 , 1990 ) is a Canadian singer , songwriter , and record producer . The Weeknd initially gained recognition after anonymously uploading several songs to YouTube in late 2010 . This allowed him to release of his debut mixtape , House of Balloons , in early 2011 . He released two further independent projects later that year , Thursday and Echoes of Silence , before signing to Republic Records in September 2012 . The three mixtapes received widespread critical acclaim upon release , and proceeded the release of the compilation album Trilogy . In 2013 , he released his debut studio album Kiss Land , which debuted at number two on the Billboard 200 . It was later confirmed to have sold over 273,000 copies in the United States . The Weeknd released his second album , Beauty Behind the Madness , in 2015 , breaking chart records in the process . It saw him become the first ever artist to have simultaneously held the top three spots on the Billboard Hot R&B Songs chart , with `` Earned It '' , `` The Hills '' , and `` Ca n't Feel My Face '' . It also became his first number one album on the US Billboard 200 , and saw triple platinum certification by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) . The album additionally oversaw his first Grammy Award win for Best Urban Contemporary Album , as well as `` Earned It '' winning Best R&B Performance . He won both awards at the 58th Annual Grammy Awards ceremony in 2016 . He released his third studio album , Starboy , in 2016 to generally positive critical reception . The album 's title track topped the chart in several countries , including the U.S. , the UK and Canada , and became The Weeknd 's third number-one single . It gave him his second consecutive number one album , which also later saw platinum certification . Alongside his Grammy Award wins , The Weeknd has won nine Juno Awards and two American Music Awards . He has also founded the record label XO , and is a producer under both his given and stage names .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee93349575c0a92257f01a7f2d3b6997", "text": "Beauty Behind the Madness Beauty Behind the Madness is the second studio album by Canadian singer The Weeknd . It was released on August 28 , 2015 , by XO and Republic Records . The album features guest appearances from Labrinth , Ed Sheeran and Lana Del Rey , with production handled by The Weeknd himself , Illangelo , DaHeala , Ben Billions , Stephan Moccio , Max Martin , Ali Payami and DannyBoyStyles , among others . The album was supported by five singles : `` Often '' , `` The Hills '' , `` Ca n't Feel My Face '' , `` In the Night '' and `` Acquainted '' . `` The Hills '' and `` Ca n't Feel My Face '' both reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 . Beauty Behind the Madness also includes the Academy Award-nominated song `` Earned It '' , which was released as a single from the soundtrack to Fifty Shades of Grey . Beauty Behind the Madness received generally positive reviews from critics , debuting at number one in several countries , including the United States and the United Kingdom , and in its first week recorded sales of 412,000 units in addition to streaming . According to the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry , it became the tenth best-selling album of 2015 , with 1.5 million copies sold worldwide . To date , the album has sold over two million units in the United States .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "95dff7d1ed35a2aae30c94dea5ad22ef", "text": "Dahlia (album) Dahlia is the fifth studio album by Japanese heavy metal band X Japan , released on November 4 , 1996 by Atlantic Records . It is the band 's last album before breaking up the following year , and the last to feature new work by guitarist hide , due to his death two years later . The album is composed largely of ballads , with only a few tracks retaining the band 's heavier musical traits seen on previous releases . It topped the Oricon chart and stayed on the chart for only 15 weeks , but managed to sell over half a million copies . Seven , nearly all , of the album 's songs were released as singles , most of which also topped the singles chart and sold well .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d30dd1726f87b0d61ff37b8c2d365dc", "text": "Childish Gambino discography The discography of hip hop recording artist Childish Gambino ( Donald Glover ) comprises three studio albums , seven mixtapes , and two EPs . After releasing his first five mixtapes and EP independently , he signed to Glassnote Records and released Camp ( 2011 ) , his first album on a major record label .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c08c87fd6a99eb0d2b23b7caf375cd3f", "text": "List of Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles of 2007 The Billboard Hot 100 is a chart that ranks the best-performing singles of the United States . Published by Billboard magazine , the data are compiled by Nielsen SoundScan based collectively on each single 's weekly physical and digital sales , and airplay . In 2007 , 17 singles reached the top spot on the chart . An 18th single , Beyoncé Knowles ' `` Irreplaceable '' , began a run at the top in 2006 which continued into 2007 . In 2007 , eight acts achieved their first US number-one single , either as a lead artist or featured guest : Maroon 5 , Avril Lavigne , Mims , Plain White T 's , Sean Kingston , Soulja Boy Tell 'Em , T-Pain , and Yung Joc . Producer Timbaland earned his first number-one single as lead artist with `` Give It to Me '' ; he had previously appeared as featured guest on singer Nelly Furtado 's number-one single `` Promiscuous '' . T-Pain , Justin Timberlake , Nelly Furtado and Fergie each earned two number-one singles , either as a lead artist or featured guest . Three number-one singles tied for the longest run on the chart in 2007 : Knowles ' `` Irreplaceable '' , Rihanna 's `` Umbrella '' , and Soulja Boy Tell 'Em 's `` Crank That ( Soulja Boy ) '' all topped the chart for seven weeks ; the last of these was non-consecutive . However , `` Irreplaceable '' , which started its peak position in three issues the previous year , is credited to by Billboard magazine as 2006 's longest-running single . To this effect , `` Umbrella '' and `` Crank That ( Soulja Boy ) '' are the longest-running singles of 2007 . Other singles with extended chart runs include singer Alicia Keys ' `` No One '' which stayed at number one for five straight weeks . `` Irreplaceable '' is the best-performing single of the calendar year , topping the Year-End Hot 100 singles of 2007 for seven consecutive weeks . Band Maroon 5 's `` Makes Me Wonder '' is noted for its jump from 64th to 1st place on the Billboard Hot 100 , making it the largest leap of 2007 . `` Umbrella '' , which occupied the top slot for seven of summer 's thirteen weeks , has been credited by the music press as 2007 's Song of the Summer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "106ae4371412686a08b197b1c094ea26", "text": "The Marshall Mathers LP The Marshall Mathers LP is the third studio album by American rapper Eminem . It was released on May 23 , 2000 , by Aftermath Entertainment , Interscope Records , and Eminem 's newly founded label , Shady Records in the United States , and on September 11 , 2000 , by Polydor Records in the United Kingdom . The album was produced mostly by Dr. Dre and Eminem , along with The 45 King , the Bass Brothers , and Mel-Man . Released a year after Eminem 's breakout album The Slim Shady LP , the record features more introspective lyricism including the rapper 's response to his sudden rise to fame and controversy surrounding his lyrics . The album sold more than 1.78 million copies in the US in its first week alone , becoming the fastest-selling studio album by any solo artist in American music history . In 2001 , the album won the Grammy Award for Best Rap Album and was nominated for Album of the Year . Eminem lost the latter to jazz-rock duo Steely Dan and their album Two Against Nature . The album was certified Diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America in March 2011 for shipping 10 million copies in the United States . By December 2016 , the album had sold over 11 million copies in the United States and more than 32 million copies worldwide . A sequel to the album , The Marshall Mathers LP 2 , was released on November 5 , 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "72158b751235ec16c0fdabe40587435e", "text": "Rising Down Rising Down is the eighth studio album by American hip hop band The Roots , released April 28 , 2008 on Def Jam Recordings . The album 's title is adapted from William T. Vollmann 's book Rising Up and Rising Down : Some Thoughts on Violence , Freedom and Urgent Means ( 2004 ) . Expanding on the dark , dense production and political tone of Game Theory ( 2006 ) , Rising Down features lyrical themes concerning issues of contemporary society , including violence , poverty , social and environmental climate , drugs , police corruption , and the music industry . The album debuted at number six on the US Billboard 200 chart , selling 54,000 copies in its first week . It charted modestly in other countries and achieved moderate sales success . Upon its release , Rising Down received generally positive reviews from most music critics . Music critic Robert Christgau named it the ninth best album of 2008 . The album has sold 171,000 copies in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f501bca0cd78ba1f30657e298cc11aa4", "text": "List of Billboard 200 number-one albums of 1983 The Billboard 200 , published in Billboard magazine , is a weekly chart that ranks the highest-selling music albums and EPs in the United States . In 1983 , the name of the chart was Top LPs & Tape . Before Nielsen SoundScan began tracking sales in 1991 , Billboard estimated sales from a representative sampling of record stores nationwide , using telephone , fax or messenger service . Data were based on rankings made by the record stores of the best-selling records , not on actual sales figures . There were six number-one albums on this chart in 1983 , including the debut album of the Australian band Men at Work , Business as Usual , which spent the last seven weeks of 1982 and the first eight weeks of 1983 at number one , and was certified quadruple platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) in 1984 . Thriller , the sixth studio album by recording artist Michael Jackson , was released on November 1982 . It peaked at number one for twenty-two non-consecutive weeks in 1983 with another fifteen consecutive weeks at the top into the following year , and seven songs from the album became top ten singles between late 1982 and early 1984 . Two of them : `` Billie Jean '' and `` Beat It '' , reached the top position of the Billboard Hot 100 . Thriller won eight Grammy Awards , including Album of the Year at the 26th Grammy Awards , and was the best-selling album of 1983 with more than fifteen million copies sold . In 2008 , twenty-five years after its release , the record was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame , and a few weeks later , it was among twenty-five recordings preserved by the Library of Congress to the National Recording Registry as `` culturally significant '' . Flashdance , the soundtrack to the 1983 musical and romance film of the same name , peaked at number one for two weeks and won the Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack Album for a Motion Picture . The two singles released from the album , `` Flashdance ... What a Feeling '' by Irene Cara , and `` Maniac '' by Michael Sembello , reached the top of the singles chart in 1983 . The New York Times considered the British band The Police to be the year 's most influential rock band . Australian , British , and American bands copied the white-reggae formula of their ( The Police 's ) earlier successes . The group released their fifth and final studio album , Synchronicity , in 1983 . The album , a varied accomplished blend of rock , funk , and third-world rhythms , stayed at number one for seventeen weeks and was certified four times platinum by the RIAA in 1984 . Metal Health , the third album by heavy metal band Quiet Riot , peaked at number one for one week , becoming the first heavy metal record to reach the top of the Billboard 200 . Singer-songwriter Lionel Richie released his second album Ca n't Slow Down in 1983 , which spent three weeks at the top and won the Grammy Award for Album of the Year at the 27th Grammy Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "af698f1b85f198b52b94a6334e099da6", "text": "Kid Albums Kid Albums ( formerly known as Top Kid Audio ) is a music chart published weekly by Billboard magazine which ranks the top selling children 's music albums in the United States . The chart debuted on the issue dated September 9 , 1995 . It originally began as a 15-position chart , but has now been expanded to 25 . Rankings are compiled by point-of-purchase sales obtained by Nielsen Soundscan data and from legal digital downloads from an all music digital retailers . The Kid Albums chart features full-length albums that are geared towards children or teenage audiences . Some of the genres can extend from baby music , like lullabies , to soundtracks for films that are targeted to children of the age 5-9 to pop , teen pop and other subdivisions of it . Studio albums , EPs , compilation albums and soundtracks are also eligible for the chart . The first number-one title on the Top Kid Audio chart was a compilation album from Walt Disney Records titled , Classic Disney , Vol . 1 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c5dd26717a6a403cb827f5ec4e1986cd", "text": "Country Grammar Country Grammar is the debut studio album by American rapper Nelly . It was released on June 27 , 2000 , by Universal Records ( who released the album after listening to demos by Nelly , before signing a record deal with the rapper in 1999 ) . The production on the album was handled by Jason `` Jay E '' Epperson , with additional production by C-Love , Kevin Law , City Spud , Steve `` Blast '' Wills and Basement Beats . Nelly contributed to all lyrics on the album , with Epperson and City Spud also contributing . The album introduced a unique Saint Louis , Midwestern sound , and introduces Nelly 's vocal style of pop-rap singalongs and Midwestern , Missouri twang . It was supported four successful singles : `` Country Grammar ( Hot Shit ) '' , `` E.I. '' , `` Ride wit Me '' and `` Batter Up '' . Its lead single , `` Country Grammar ( Hot Shit ) '' , peaked at number 7 on the Billboard Hot 100 and UK Singles Chart . `` E.I. '' charted at number 16 , number 12 and number 11 on the Hot 100 , UK Singles Chart and ARIA Singles Chart , respectively . `` Ride wit Me '' peaked within the top five on the Hot 100 , ARIA Singles Chart , Irish Singles Chart and UK Singles Chart . The album 's fourth and final single , `` Batter Up '' featuring Murphy Lee and Ali , achieved moderate chart success . Country Grammar received positive reviews , with critics praising Nelly 's vocal style and the album 's production . It topped the US Billboard 200 chart for five consecutive weeks , and the US Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums chart for six consecutive weeks . It peaked in the top five on the New Zealand Albums Chart and Australian Albums Chart , as well as the top ten on the Canadian Albums Chart and Dutch Albums Chart . The album was certified three times platinum by the Recording Industry Association of New Zealand ( RIANZ ) and Music Canada ( MC ) , denoting shipments of 45,000 and 300,000 copies , respectively . In 2016 , Country Grammar became the ninth hip hop album to be certified Diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) , denoting shipment of 10 million copies in the US . Its commercial success secured Nelly 's status as one of the most successful hip hop acts of the 2000s decade . On Billboard decade-end chart , Nelly ranked as the third most successful act of the 2000s decade , due largely to the success of Country Grammar and his follow-up album Nellyville ( 2002 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f4a9dd23afa404a404705c6a1ba8ede6", "text": "Now That's What I Call Music! 37 (U.S. series) Now That 's What I Call Music ! 37 was released on February 8 , 2011 . The album is the 37th edition of the ( U.S. ) Now ! series . Seven tracks selected for the album were number-one hits on the Billboard Hot 100 : `` Love The Way You Lie '' , `` Just the Way You Are '' , `` Firework '' , `` Raise Your Glass '' , `` We R Who We R '' , `` Only Girl ( In The World ) '' and `` Like a G6 '' . Now ! 37 debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 albums chart with first week sales of 151,000 , the biggest week for any US-released Now album since Now ! 31 started at number one with 169,000 in July 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c9fed53d44cf8472456f9fd67a694a57", "text": "Monday Songs Monday Songs is the second album by American Rock band Nine Days . It was released in 1996 , before their major-label debut album The Madding Crowd . It contained 11 tracks and it was released on the label Dirty Poet Records . It is available for digital purchase from legal online music sources , such as Rhapsody Online Music Service and iTunes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "54f4c66110ae7ed72dac5944d1436228", "text": "Relapse (Eminem album) Relapse is the sixth studio album by American rapper Eminem . The album was released on May 19 , 2009 , under Aftermath Entertainment , Shady Records , and Interscope Records . It was his first album of original material since Encore ( 2004 ) , following a four-year hiatus from recording due to his writer 's block and an addiction to prescription sleeping medication . Recording sessions for the album took place during 2005 to 2009 at several recording studios , and Dr. Dre , Mark Batson , and Eminem handled production . Conceptually , Relapse concerns the ending of his drug rehabilitation , rapping after a non-fictional relapse , and the return of his Slim Shady alter-ego . One of the most anticipated album releases of 2009 , Relapse debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 chart , selling 608,000 copies in its first week . It produced three singles that attained chart success and has been certified double platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America . The album received mixed reviews from most music critics , who were divided in their responses towards Eminem 's lyrics . It has sold more than 2.3 million copies in the United States and more than 17 million copies worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f41db9203a48b9014d1748d46a93184a", "text": "Rudimental discography English drum and bass band Rudimental has released two studio albums and fourteen singles . Their debut studio album , Home , was released in April 2013 . The album reached number one on the UK Albums Chart . On 14 May 2012 , they released `` Feel the Love '' , featuring vocals from John Newman , as the album 's lead single . The song entered the UK Singles Chart at number one , making it their first number one single in the UK . The song also was a top 5 hit in Australia , Belgium , The Netherlands and New Zealand , also charting in Austria , Denmark , Germany and Ireland . On 18 November 2012 , they released the album 's second single `` Not Giving In '' , featuring vocals from Newman and Alex Clare . It debuted and peaked at number 14 on the UK Singles Chart . `` Waiting All Night '' , featuring Ella Eyre , was released as the third single from the album in 2013 , reaching number one in the UK Singles Chart on 21 April 2013 . The next single released was `` Powerless '' , featuring Becky Hill . Their second studio album , We the Generation , was released on 2 October 2015 . Rudimental were given a writing credit on `` Bloodstream '' by Ed Sheeran , taken from his second studio album , x. On 28 April 2015 , the band unveiled a new song called `` Never Let You Go '' , which was the lead single from the album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1ccec1b92d1c141b81edde97b10c7e5b", "text": "Radio (LL Cool J album) Radio is the debut studio album by American rapper LL Cool J , released November 18 , 1985 on Def Jam Recordings in the United States . It serves as the label 's first full-length album release . Recording sessions for the album took place during 1984 to 1985 at Chung King House of Metal in New York City . The album was primarily produced by Rick Rubin , who provided a sparse and minimal production style . Radio also features a sound that is punctuated by DJ scratching , mostly brief samples , and emphasis of the downbeat . LL Cool J 's b-boy lyricism conveys themes of inner city culture , teenage promiscuity , and braggadocio raps . The album experienced a significant amount of commercial success and sales for a hip hop record at the time , earning U.S. Billboard chart success and selling over 500,000 copies within its first five months of release . On April 19 , 1989 , Radio was certified platinum in sales by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) , following sales in excess of one million copies in the United States . Initial criticism of the album was generally positive , as LL Cool J 's lyricism and Rick Rubin 's production were praised by several music critics . It has since been recognized by critics as LL Cool J 's greatest work . Reflecting the new school and ghettoblaster subculture in the U.S. during the mid-1980s , Radio belongs to a pivotal moment in the history and culture of hip hop . Its success contributed to the displacement of the old school with the new school form and to the genre 's mainstream success during the period . Its success also served as a career breakthrough for LL Cool J and Rick Rubin . Radio has been recognized by music writers as one of the first cohesive and commercially successful hip hop albums .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a66e3151ab45eb5d16b6dd5d24bfe9ea", "text": "Face2Face (Babyface album) Face2Face is the fifth studio album from R&B singer , Babyface . It was his first album in five years after 1996 's The Day . It was also his first album released on Arista Records , which reunited him with his former songwriting and production partner L.A. Reid who was the president of Arista at the time of the album 's release . Face2Face was a radical departure from his previous works , as the balladeer was focused on more uptempo songs . The album was also different due to Babyface working with outside producers on roughly half of the album . Producers on the album included Tim & Bob , Heavy D , The Neptunes , Diggin ' in the Crates producer Buckwild , Brian McKnight 's associate producer Anthony Nance and Dan Reed Network member Brion James . Reviews of the album were mixed , as critics and fans did n't know what to make of Babyface 's new musical direction . Face2Face is notable for being one of a few albums released on the same day as the September 11 attacks . It was released alongside other recordings such as Slayer 's God Hates Us All , Jay-Z 's The Blueprint , Mariah Carey 's Glitter , and Nickelback 's Silver Side Up .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d045a21f1c0a7fd5a0dbc94f5d3be4f", "text": "Dance/Electronic Digital Songs Dance/Electronic Digital Songs is a weekly chart that ranks the best-selling digital dance and electronic singles in the United States , according to Billboard . Although it originally started tracking singles the week of January 2 , 2010 , it did not become an official chart until the issue dated April 3 , 2010 . The Dance/Electronic Digital Songs chart tracks the 50 most popular downloaded dance music singles , including tracks that are exclusively available online only . This chart also includes previously released dance and disco songs that became available for downloading , which means that songs like `` You Spin Me Round ( Like a Record ) '' by Dead or Alive are eligible to chart . On January 17 , 2013 , Billboard added a new chart , Dance/Electronic Songs , which tracks the 50 most popular Dance and Electronic singles and tracks based on club play , single sales , radio airplay , digital downloads , and online streaming . As such , this chart serves as the main component for the Dance Club Songs , Dance/Mix Show Airplay , Dance Single Sales , and Dance/Electronic Digital Songs charts . The chart 's first number one was `` Bad Romance '' by Lady Gaga in the January 23 , 2010 issue and Gaga 's songs spent so far ( as December , 2014 ) a total of 1025 weeks on the chart . The chart 's longest running number-one is `` Bulletproof '' by La Roux , reigning at the lead position for 18 consecutive weeks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "71879b0f5853cf4c8f457ac25cfeda65", "text": "The Hills (song) `` The Hills '' is a song by Canadian singer The Weeknd . It was released on May 27 , 2015 as the second single from his second studio album , Beauty Behind the Madness ( 2015 ) . `` The Hills '' was a critical success , appearing on several year-end lists . In the singer 's native Canada , the song peaked at number one . In the United States it also reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 , replacing his own `` Ca n't Feel My Face '' . The song also made the top 10 in the United Kingdom , Ireland , Germany , Australia , and New Zealand . It reached the top 20 in Denmark and Sweden while reaching the top 40 in The Netherlands , Norway , and Switzerland . A music video for the song was released on May 27 , 2015 . It was directed by Grant Singer . Two official remixes of the song features rappers Eminem and Nicki Minaj .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc0b21e34c9e5087548659e5924ca779", "text": "Grand Hustle Records Grand Hustle Records ( formerly Grand Hustle Entertainment ) , also known as Hustle Gang Music , is an Atlanta , Georgia-based record label , founded in 2001 , by American hip hop recording artist T.I. and his business partner Jason Geter . Up until December 2012 , the label was distributed by Atlantic Records . It currently operates as an independent record label . The label is home to artists such as B.o.B , Young Dro , Trae tha Truth and Travis Scott , among others . The label also houses a roster of record producers , including DJ Toomp , Lil ' C , Mars , Nard & B , TrackSlayerz and more . The label has released 26 studio albums in total , with 13 of them being certified gold or higher , by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) . Additionally , the label has released five albums that reached number one on the US Billboard 200 chart , namely King ( 2006 ) , T.I. vs. T.I.P. ( 2007 ) , Paper Trail ( 2008 ) , The Adventures of Bobby Ray ( 2010 ) and Birds in the Trap Sing McKnight ( 2016 ) . Furthermore , Grand Hustle has released multiple top 40 hit singles , including `` Bring 'Em Out '' , `` What You Know '' , `` Shoulder Lean '' , `` Whatever You Like '' , `` Live Your Life '' , `` Dead and Gone '' , `` Nothin ' on You '' , `` Airplanes '' , `` Magic '' , `` Strange Clouds '' , `` So Good '' , `` Both of Us '' , `` Antidote '' and more .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "de60f4054fc6c5fbd4b647b4cd0314f0", "text": "Migos discography The American hip hop group Migos has released two studio albums , one extended play ( EP ) , twelve mixtapes and nineteen singles ( including eight as a featured artist ) . On July 31 , 2015 , Migos released their debut studio album , Yung Rich Nation . On January 27 , 2017 , Migos released their second studio album , Culture .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "98a3d145e6f48110d5738dbc738998d9", "text": "Culture (Migos album) Culture ( stylized as C U L T U R E ) is the second studio album by American hip hop group Migos . It was released on January 27 , 2017 , by Quality Control Music , 300 Entertainment and Atlantic Records . The album features guest appearances from DJ Khaled , Gucci Mane , 2 Chainz , Travis Scott and Lil Uzi Vert , while the production was handled by Metro Boomin and Murda Beatz , among others . The album was supported by three singles : `` Bad and Boujee '' featuring Lil Uzi Vert , `` T-Shirt '' and `` Slippery '' featuring Gucci Mane . Culture received generally positive reviews from critics and debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 . It also topped the US Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums chart , becoming Migos ' first number one album on both charts . It also debuted at number one on the Canadian Albums Chart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b2435721d45e1b10ca6366e5a6c82f23", "text": "Point of No Return (Shareefa album) Point of No Return is the debut studio album from singer Shareefa and was released on October 24 , 2006 . It debuted at # 25 on the Billboard 200 with over 40,000 copies sold in its first week released .", "title": "" } ]	fever
11e09b357b7cb0bf10309bd70ed99dfb	In Quentin Tarantino's Inglourious Basterds, Mike Myers had a small role.	[ { "docid": "cb41aa785a6b3f6e3ba4ebc7c77cb4a6", "text": "Mike Myers Michael John `` Mike '' Myers ( born May 25 , 1963 ) is a Canadian-born actor , comedian , screenwriter , and film producer , who also holds UK and US citizenship . He is known for his run as a featured performer on Saturday Night Live from 1989 to 1995 , and for playing the title roles in the Wayne 's World , Austin Powers , and Shrek films . He also directed the documentary film Supermensch : The Legend of Shep Gordon , and had a small role in Quentin Tarantino 's Inglourious Basterds in 2009 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "bc5214bc17175ffaa5bd4584e4913fd6", "text": "Ted V. Mikels Ted V. Mikels ( born Theodore Vincent Mikacevich ; April 29 , 1929 -- October 16 , 2016 ) was an American independent filmmaker primarily of the horror cult film genre . Movies that he both produced and directed include Girl in Gold Boots ( 1968 ) , The Astro-Zombies ( 1968 ) , and The Doll Squad ( 1973 ) . During the 1960s and 1970s , Mikels also operated his own recording label , Geneni Records , which primarily issued radio spot advertisement records used to promote his various movie projects but also released a number of stand-alone singles by such artists as Vic Lance and Little Leon Payne .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8c53d80fb018a8844de1207828f0405f", "text": "Barry Myers Barry Myers may refer to : Barry Myers ( baseball ) , American baseball coach Barry Myers ( director ) , English film director Barry Lee Myers , lawyer", "title": "" }, { "docid": "57a8612ca26bf4e5c09856080d5370a9", "text": "Dwight H. Little Dwight Hubbard Little ( born January 13 , 1956 in Cleveland , Ohio ) is an American film and television director , known for directing the films Marked for Death , Rapid Fire , Free Willy 2 : The Adventure Home , Murder at 1600 and Halloween 4 : The Return of Michael Myers . He has also directed several episodes of acclaimed television series such as 24 , Prison Break , Dollhouse , Bones and Nikita .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b2c8316d3de34a5d7c410101e9daadf1", "text": "Michelan Sisti Michelan Sisti ( born May 27 , 1949 ) is a Puerto Rican-American actor , director , puppeteer , and musician who played Michelangelo in Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles and its sequel Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles II : The Secret of the Ooze . Beforehand , he had an eighteen-year theatrical career including five Broadway shows . Since TMNT , Micha moved from New York City to Los Angeles and has continued to work with The Jim Henson Company , Walt Disney Studios , and scores of other movie and television productions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1972e12eead5122d73947a7d2bfa2f9d", "text": "Max Myers Max Myers is an American film director , screenwriter and novelist who has been active in Los Angeles since the mid-1990s . His first feature film , Do n't Let Go , won the Outstanding Directorial Achievement award at the 2002 Stony Brook Film Festival in New York , the Best Picture Award at the Westchester Film Festival ( NY ) and a Prism Award in Los Angeles . He was the writer of the feature film Irish Jam starring comedian Eddie Griffin and Anna Friel and has written a handful of violent crime novels including , Boysie Blake . The son of a German woman and an English Army officer , Myers was born in Iserlohn , Germany and lived in a large number of postings during his youth including South Australia and Gibraltar and eventually ended up in East London where he was an amateur boxer and musician thru his teens , then began working as a tour manager and sound mixer for European projects such as Manfred Mann , Mungo Jerry , Berlin Rock Ensemble , Moonraker and Wings ( band ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9c8b768ffbbe2d25ca4e81d05b058785", "text": "Mike Cochrane Mike Cochrane is a musician and an actor . Cochrane played in bands such as Train , Shango and many other bands in the 1970s . Mike 's band Train was the `` House Band '' at Gazzarris on the Sunset Strip from 1971 through 1972 . This is where Mike met Edward James Olmos and Rick Vito , who were in a band called `` The Pacific Ocean '' . Mike also played on many recording sessions for Warner Bros. in the 70s and also played with Tim Bogert and Mickey McMeel in a power treo for a while . Mike also did his first acting job as a second engineer in the movie The Rose with Bette Midler and Alan Bates . In the 80 's , Mike continued to play in bands including , Exhibit A , The Zone , Craby Appleton ( With Michael Fennelly ) , Spencer Davis , UXB , Reach , and a couple of new versions of Train , as well as continuing to do studio work . Mike is now acting and can be seen on such shows as My Name Is Earl , Dexter , CSI : Crime Scene Investigation , The Riches , Monk , ER , Weeds , Moonlight , CSI : NY , and Flaked . He also can be seen in the movies Beerfest , Blades of Glory , Epic Movie , Spider-Man 3 , Hancock and Iron Man .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d65f227f1f17bee7711e6db90ba32de", "text": "Michael Shayne Michael `` Mike '' Shayne is a fictional private detective character created during the late 1930s by writer Brett Halliday . The character appeared in a series of seven films starring Lloyd Nolan for Twentieth Century Fox , four films from the low-budget Producers Releasing Corporation with Hugh Beaumont , a radio series under a variety of titles between 1944 and 1953 , and later in 1960 -- 1961 in a 32-episode NBC television series starring Richard Denning in the title role .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a7877b447938751d8adde1b3c5d0aca8", "text": "The Incredibly Strange Creatures Who Stopped Living and Became Mixed-Up Zombies The Incredibly Strange Creatures Who Stopped Living and Became Mixed-Up Zombies ( sometimes '' !!? '' is appended to the title ) is a 1964 American monster movie written and directed by Ray Dennis Steckler . Steckler also starred in the film , billed under the pseudonym `` Cash Flagg '' . Upon release , the film was widely panned and is regarded by some critics as being one of the worst movies ever made . In the film , three friends visit a carnival and stumble into a group of occultists and disfigured monsters . Produced on a $ 38,000 budget , much of it takes place at The Pike amusement park in Long Beach , California , which resembles Brooklyn 's Coney Island . The film was billed as the first `` monster musical '' , beating out The Horror of Party Beach by a mere month in release date .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "697580c81479770dc6c70a31e36dd7f8", "text": "B movie A B movie is a low-budget commercial movie , but one that is not an arthouse film . In its original usage , during the Golden Age of Hollywood , the term more precisely identified films intended for distribution as the less-publicized bottom half of a double feature . Although the U.S. production of movies intended as second features largely ceased by the end of the 1950s , the term B movie continues to be used in the broader sense it maintains today . In its post -- Golden Age usage , there is ambiguity on both sides of the definition : on the one hand , the primary interest of many inexpensive exploitation films is prurient ; on the other , many B movies display a high degree of craft and aesthetic ingenuity . In either usage , most B movies represent a particular genre -- the Western was a Golden Age B movie staple , while low-budget science-fiction and horror films became more popular in the 1950s . Early B movies were often part of series in which the star repeatedly played the same character . Almost always shorter than the top-billed films they were paired with , many had running times of 70 minutes or less . The term connoted a general perception that B movies were inferior to the more handsomely budgeted headliners ; individual B films were often ignored by critics . Latter-day B movies still sometimes inspire multiple sequels , but series are less common . As the average running time of top-of-the-line films increased , so did that of B pictures . In its current usage , the term has somewhat contradictory connotations : it may signal an opinion that a certain movie is ( a ) a genre film with minimal artistic ambitions or ( b ) a lively , energetic film uninhibited by the constraints imposed on more expensive projects and unburdened by the conventions of putatively `` serious '' independent film . The term is also now used loosely to refer to some higher-budgeted , mainstream films with exploitation-style content , usually in genres traditionally associated with the B movie . From their beginnings to the present day , B movies have provided opportunities both for those coming up in the profession and others whose careers are waning . Celebrated filmmakers such as Anthony Mann and Jonathan Demme learned their craft in B movies . They are where actors such as John Wayne and Jack Nicholson first became established , and they have provided work for former A movie actors , such as Vincent Price and Karen Black . Some actors , such as Bela Lugosi , Eddie Constantine and Pam Grier , worked in B movies for most of their careers . The term B actor is sometimes used to refer to a performer who finds work primarily or exclusively in B pictures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f0c4b8075d2fcc25bf1ffc9a87378847", "text": "The Hustler (film) The Hustler is a 1961 American drama film directed by Robert Rossen from Walter Tevis 's 1959 novel of the same name , adapted for the screen by Rossen and Sidney Carroll . It tells the story of small-time pool hustler `` Fast Eddie '' Felson and his desire to break into the `` major league '' of professional hustling and high-stakes wagering by high-rollers that follows it . He throws his raw talent and ambition up against the best player in the country ; seeking to best the legendary pool player `` Minnesota Fats . '' After initially losing to Fats and getting involved with unscrupulous manager Bert Gordon , Eddie returns to try again , but only after paying a terrible personal price . The film was shot on location in New York City . It stars Paul Newman as `` Fast '' Eddie Felson , Jackie Gleason as Minnesota Fats , Piper Laurie as Sarah , and George C. Scott as Bert . The Hustler was a major critical and popular success , gaining a reputation as a modern classic . Its exploration of winning , losing , and character garnered a number of major awards ; it is also credited with helping to spark a resurgence in the popularity of pool . Real-life pool player Rudolf Wanderone , known at the time as `` New York Fats '' and `` Chicago Fats '' , claimed to be the real life inspiration for Gleason 's character , Minnesota Fats , and adopted the name as his own .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "87461f1c496a6181f2361be6bc231069", "text": "Mike O'Brien (actor) Michael Patrick O'Brien ( born June 22 , 1976 ) , is an American actor , writer , and comedian , best known for his work as a writer and short filmmaker on Saturday Night Live .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "168c90fc76278aa26a5551b4fb6c581e", "text": "Black Sunday (1960 film) Black Sunday ( Italian : La maschera del demonio ) -- also known as The Mask of Satan and Revenge of the Vampire -- is a 1960 Italian gothic horror film directed by Mario Bava , from a screenplay by Ennio de Concini , Mario Serandrei and Marcello Coscia ( who was uncredited ) . The film stars Barbara Steele , John Richardson , Arturo Dominici and Ivo Garrani . It was Bava 's directorial debut , although he had completed several previous feature films without credit . Based very loosely on Nikolai Gogol 's short story `` Viy '' , the narrative concerns a witch who is put to death by her own brother , only to return 200 years later to seek revenge on her descendants . By the social standards of the 1960s , Black Sunday was considered unusually gruesome , and was banned in the UK until 1968 because of its violence . In the U.S. , some of the gore was censored , in-house , by the distributor American International Pictures before its theatrical release to the country 's cinemas , where it was shown as a double feature with Roger Corman 's The Little Shop of Horrors . Despite the censorship , Black Sunday was a worldwide critical and box office success , and launched the careers of director Mario Bava and movie star Barbara Steele . In 2004 , one of its sequences was voted number 40 among the `` 100 Scariest Movie Moments '' by the Bravo TV network .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a9abce9e47542ed6826b33c99005d757", "text": "Myers House Myers House may refer to : in the United States ( by state ) Myers House ( Helena-West Helena , Arkansas ) , listed on the NRHP in Arkansas Socrates A. Myers House , Salmon , ID , listed on the NRHP in Idaho Witt-Champe-Myers House , Dublin , IN , listed on the NRHP in Indiana Stephen and Harriet Myers House , Albany , NY , listed on the NRHP in New York Myers-Hicks Place , Byhalia , MS , listed on the NRHP in Mississippi John B. Myers House and Barn , Florissant , MO , listed on the NRHP in Missouri George J. Myers House , Kansas City , MO , listed on the NRHP in Missouri Myers-Masker House , Midland Park , NJ , listed on the NRHP in New Jersey Myers-White House , Bethel , NC , listed on the NRHP in North Carolina Myers Hall ( Springfield , Ohio ) , listed on the NRHP in Ohio Moses Myers House , Norfolk , VA , listed on the NRHP in Virginia Tucker House and Myers House , Washington , D.C. , listed on the NRHP in Washington , D.C. Myers House ( Martinsburg , West Virginia ) , listed on the NRHP in West Virginia Myers-Newhoff House , Janesville , WI , listed on the NRHP in Wisconsin Myers House , located in the fictional town of Haddonfield , Illinois . It was the childhood residence of the main character Michael Myers in the Halloween ( 1978 film ) which was directed by John Carpenter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "02ddbec1ea8fbb09b6950a01b216edbe", "text": "Halloween (The Office) `` Halloween '' is the fifth episode of the second season of the American comedy television series The Office , and the show 's eleventh episode overall . It was written by executive producer and showrunner Greg Daniels and was directed by Paul Feig . The episode first aired on NBC in the United States on October 18 , 2005 . Guest stars in this episode included Devon Abner , Hugh Dane , George Gaus , Annabelle Kopack , Ava Nisbet and Alec Zbornak . The series depicts the everyday lives of office employees in the Scranton , Pennsylvania branch of the fictional Dunder Mifflin Paper Company . In this episode , the employees at Dunder Mifflin celebrate Halloween at the office . Michael Scott ( Steve Carell ) struggles with making the decision of whom to fire . Meanwhile , Jim Halpert ( John Krasinski ) and Pam Beesly ( Jenna Fischer ) post Dwight Schrute 's ( Rainn Wilson ) resume on the internet . Due to the Halloween concept of the episode , the cast members of The Office were allowed to wear costumes rather than their `` usual , realistically plain suits '' . B. J. Novak , writer for the series as well as actor , called the experience `` fun '' . The episode features the last on-screen appearance of the background character Devon until the series finale . The episode earned a Nielsen rating of 4.1 in the 18 -- 49 demographic and was viewed by 8 million viewers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "943cb6b281f049169842bbdec445ec6c", "text": "Wired (film) Wired is a 1989 biographical film of comedian and actor John Belushi , directed by Larry Peerce , and adapted from the investigative journalism book Wired : The Short Life and Fast Times of John Belushi written by Washington Post journalist Bob Woodward and published in 1984 . It starred Michael Chiklis in his film debut as Belushi . Wired was both a critical and a commercial failure . The film has never been released on DVD , and the videocassette originally released by International Video Entertainment is out of print . The film was marketed with the tagline `` For John Belushi , every night was Saturday Night '' . The film 's trailer opted for the tagline `` The laughs and times of John Belushi '' , paraphrasing the title of Woodward 's book .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3b33cf3bfdbde0c139ada1356c0c91b1", "text": "Sin City (film) Sin City ( also known as Frank Miller 's Sin City ) is a 2005 American neo-noir crime anthology film written , produced , and directed by Frank Miller and Robert Rodriguez . It is based on Miller 's graphic novel of the same name . Much of the film is based on the first , third and fourth books in Miller 's original comic series . The Hard Goodbye is about a man who embarks on a brutal rampage in search of his one-time sweetheart 's killer , killing anyone , even the police , that gets in his way of finding and killing her murderer . The Big Fat Kill focuses on an everyman getting caught in a street war between a group of prostitutes and a group of mercenaries , the police and the mob . That Yellow Bastard follows an aging police officer who protects a young woman from a grotesquely disfigured serial killer . The intro and outro of the film are based on the short story `` The Customer is Always Right '' , which is collected in Booze , Broads & Bullets , the sixth book in the comic series . The film stars an ensemble cast led by Jessica Alba , Benicio del Toro , Brittany Murphy , Clive Owen , Mickey Rourke , Bruce Willis , and Elijah Wood , and featuring Alexis Bledel , Michael Clarke Duncan , Rosario Dawson , Carla Gugino , Rutger Hauer , Jaime King , Michael Madsen , and Nick Stahl , among others . Sin City opened to wide critical and commercial success , gathering particular recognition for the film 's unique color processing , which rendered most of the film in black and white but retained or added coloring for selected objects . The film was screened at the 2005 Cannes Film Festival in competition and won the Technical Grand Prize for the film 's `` visual shaping '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "20e05902ce2f2de46d2e6c0131e45c0f", "text": "Michael Fassbender filmography Michael Fassbender is a German-Irish actor who made his screen debut in the 2001 war drama miniseries Band of Brothers as Sgt. Burton `` Pat '' Christenson . Fassbender followed this with a number of television roles including a German motorcycle courier in the drama Hearts and Bones ( 2001 ) , Guy Fawkes in the miniseries Gunpowder , Treason & Plot ( 2004 ) , Lt. Harry Colebourn in the film A Bear Named Winnie ( 2004 ) , and Azazeal in the series Hex ( 2004 -- 05 ) . He made his film debut playing a Spartan soldier in Zack Snyder 's 300 ( 2007 ) . The following year Fassbender portrayed Irish republican Bobby Sands during the events of the 1981 Irish hunger strike in Steve McQueen 's historical drama Hunger . His performance garnered him the Best Actor award at the British Independent Film Awards , and the Irish Film and Television Awards . Fassbender appeared as a British soldier in Quentin Tarantino-directed film Inglourious Basterds ( 2009 ) . Two years later , he played Carl Jung in David Cronenberg 's A Dangerous Method , and a man suffering with sex addiction in McQueen 's Shame . His performance in the latter earned him the Volpi Cup for Best Actor at the Venice Film Festival . In the same year he also appeared in superhero film X-Men : First Class as Magneto . In 2013 , Fassbender reteamed with McQueen on the period drama 12 Years a Slave . For his role as a slave owner in the film he received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor . The following year , he reprised his role as Magneto in the superhero sequel X-Men : Days of Future Past which grossed a box-office total of over $ 747 million -- his highest grossing release as of April 2016 . In 2015 , he appeared as the title character in Justin Kurzel 's film adaptation of the play Macbeth . In the same year , Fassbender 's portrayal of Steve Jobs in Danny Boyle 's eponymous film garnered him a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1333396c5c79152a8a6bf303e0e30095", "text": "The Texas Chainsaw Massacre (2003 film) The Texas Chainsaw Massacre is a 2003 American slasher film , and a remake of The Texas Chain Saw Massacre . The fifth entry in the Texas Chainsaw Massacre franchise , the film was directed by Marcus Nispel , written by Scott Kosar , and produced by Michael Bay . It was also co-produced by Kim Henkel and Tobe Hooper , co-creators of the original 1974 film . TCM is the first of many horror remakes to come from Michael Bay 's Platinum Dunes production company which also released the remakes The Amityville Horror , The Hitcher , Friday the 13th , and A Nightmare on Elm Street . Though met with negative reception from critics , the film was well received by fans , and grossed $ 107 million worldwide above its $ 9.5 million budget , making it a strong financial success . A prequel was released in 2006 , titled The Texas Chainsaw Massacre : The Beginning .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2748f5b1c1e670d57e11a8f4f4b13963", "text": "Michael Schultz Michael Schultz ( born November 10 , 1938 ) is an American director and producer of film and television .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ed4d5ddec16efa85820897c709e5b629", "text": "Paul Michael Paul Michael ( August 15 , 1926 -- July 8 , 2011 ) was an American actor . He was a regular guest star on American television appearing in Kojak , Hill Street Blues , Alias , Gilmore Girls and Frasier among others . He played a cop in the Hollywood movie Batman . He also played King Johnny Romano on Dark Shadows . He was also in movies such as `` Mask of the Red Death '' and made for TV movie , `` Where There 's a Will '' . He did many plays with his sweetheart , Marion Ross . They traveled together doing plays like `` The Last Great Romance '' among others . He was best known for his appearances on Broadway where he frequently played Zorba , Tevia in `` Fiddler on the Roof '' and the barber in `` The Man of La Mancha '' . He danced in `` Bells are Ringing '' with Vivian Leigh .", "title": "" } ]	fever
3896b97421e3d3c161dad4910e0e768a	Afghanistan is the source of only the Saffarid dynasty.	[ { "docid": "e3e3d9ef8575f452e06dc87b67d08c57", "text": "Afghanistan Afghanistan ( -LSB- æfˈɡænᵻstæn -RSB- Pashto/Dari : , Afġānistān ) , officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan , is a landlocked country located within South Asia and Central Asia . It has a population of 33 million , making it the 42nd most populous country in the world . It is bordered by Pakistan in the south and east ; Iran in the west ; Turkmenistan , Uzbekistan , and Tajikistan in the north ; and China in the far northeast . Its territory covers 652,000 km2 , making it the 41st largest country in the world . Human habitation in Afghanistan dates back to the Middle Paleolithic Era , and the country 's strategic location along the Silk Road connected it to the cultures of the Middle East and other parts of Asia . Through the ages the land has been home to various peoples and witnessed numerous military campaigns , notably by Alexander the Great , Mauryas , Muslim Arabs , Mongols , British , Soviet , and in the modern era by Western powers . The land also served as the source from which the Kushans , Hephthalites , Samanids , Saffarids , Ghaznavids , Ghorids , Khiljis , Mughals , Hotaks , Durranis , and others have risen to form major empires . The political history of the modern state of Afghanistan began with the Hotak and Durrani dynasties in the 18th century . In the late 19th century , Afghanistan became a buffer state in the `` Great Game '' between British India and the Russian Empire . Following the Third Anglo-Afghan War in 1919 , King Amanullah unsuccessfully attempted to modernize the country . It remained peaceful during Zahir Shah 's forty years of monarchy . A series of coups in the 1970s was followed by a series of civil wars that devastated much of Afghanistan and continues to this day . Afghanistan is a unitary presidential Islamic republic with Islam as an official state religion . It is a member of the United Nations , the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation , the Group of 77 , the Economic Cooperation Organization , and the Non-Aligned Movement . The country 's economy is ranked 108th in the world with the GDP of $ 64.08 billion .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "f26bedcc6157a605ae0a82cbe6b41d38", "text": "Kabul River The Kabul River , the classical Cophes -LSB- ˈkoʊfiːz -RSB- , is a 700 km long river that emerges in the Sanglakh Range of the Hindu Kush mountains in Afghanistan and empties into the Indus River near Attock , Pakistan . It is the main river in eastern Afghanistan and is separated from the watershed of the Helmand by the Unai Pass . The Kabul River passes through the cities of Kabul and Jalalabad in Afghanistan before flowing into Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in Pakistan some 25 km north of the Durand Line border crossing at Torkham . The major tributaries of the Kabul River are the Logar , Panjshir , Kunar , Alingar , Bara and Swat rivers . The Kabul River is little more than a trickle for most of the year , but swells in summer due to melting snows in the Hindu Kush Range . Its largest tributary is the Kunar River , which starts out as the Mastuj River , flowing from the Chiantar glacie in Brughil valley in Chitral , Pakistan and after flowing south into Afghanistan it is met by the Bashgal river flowing from Nurestan . The Kunar meets the Kabul near Jalalabad . In spite of the Kunar carrying more water than the Kabul , the river continues as the Kabul River after this confluence , mainly for the political and historical significance of the name . The Kabul River is impounded by several dams . The Naghlu , Surobi , and Darunta dams are located in Kabul and Nangarhar provinces of Afghanistan . The Warsak Dam is in Pakistan , approximately 20 km northwest of the city of Peshawar .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "edcc69e30b47726838ecfd5080258dad", "text": "Second Anglo-Afghan War The Second Anglo -- Afghan War ( Pashto : د افغان-انګرېز دويمه جګړه ) was fought between the British Raj and the Emirate of Afghanistan from 1878 to 1880 , when the latter was ruled by Sher Ali Khan of the Barakzai dynasty , the son of former Emir Dost Mohammad Khan . This was the second time British India invaded Afghanistan . The war ended after the British emerged victorious against the Afghan rebels and the Afghans agreed to let the British attain all of their geopolitical objectives from the Treaty of Gandamak . Most of the British and Indian soldiers withdrew from Afghanistan . The Afghan tribes were permitted to maintain internal rule and local customs but they had to cede control of the area 's foreign relations to the British , who , in turn , guaranteed the area 's freedom from foreign military domination . This was aimed to thwart expansion by the Russian Empire into India .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "de71f32919585ea2c088a9be835ebcd0", "text": "Sahira Sharif Sahira Sharif ( also spelled Saira Sharif ) is an Afghan politicians who was elected to represent Khost Province in Afghanistan 's Wolesi Jirga , the lower house of its National Legislature , in 2005 . A report on Khost prepared at the Navy Postgraduate School stated that she `` was possibly associated with Hezb-e Islami '' . A member of the Pashtun ethnic group , she attended University and may have had a Master 's degree . As a member of parliament , she sat on the Education Committee . A former Hezb-e Islami leader , she presented herself in 2005 as an independent candidate , and was believed to support the Hamid Karzai administration . She is described as a women 's rights activist . During the 2009 presidential election , she supported Ashraf Ghani . In the 2010 Afghan Parliamentary Elections , she ran in Khost province as an independent .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "42726895f84108e9c6f77668669f0fb0", "text": "National Revolutionary Party of Afghanistan National Revolutionary Party ( Pashto : حزب انقلاب ملی Hezb Enqilab Mile ) was a political party in Afghanistan . The party was founded in 1974 by President Mohammed Daoud Khan , who had seized control of Afghanistan from his cousin , King Zahir , in a bloodless coup on July 17 , 1973 . The party was formed in an attempt by Daoud to garner support and grassroots backing for his republican regime . Daoud also intended the party to undermine support in Afghanistan for the communists , who had actually helped him come to power in 1973 . To this end , the party sought to be an umbrella organization for all of the factions of the progressive movement in Afghanistan . In order to help the party in its attempt to garner support , all other political parties were banned . The party was run by a central committee which comprised Maj. Gen. Ghulam Haidar Rasuli ; Defense Minister , Sayyid Abd Ullah ; Finance Minister , Dr. Abd Ul Majid ; and Professor Abd Ul Quyyum . The party did not survive the Saur Revolution in April 1978 , which saw the overthrow and death of Daoud and his family , and the rise to power of the communist People 's Democratic Party of Afghanistan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "28e8448401462b57821983d8073df218", "text": "Civilian casualties in the war in Afghanistan (2001–2014) During the war in Afghanistan ( 2001 -- 14 ) , over 26,000 civilian deaths due to war-related violence have been documented ; 29,900 civilians have been wounded . Over 91,000 Afghans , including civilians , soldiers and militants , are recorded to have been killed in the conflict , and the number who have died through indirect causes related to the war may include an additional 360,000 people . These numbers do not include those who have died in Pakistan . The war , launched by the United States as `` Operation Enduring Freedom '' in 2001 , began with an initial air campaign that almost immediately prompted concerns over the number of Afghan civilians being killed as well as international protests . With civilian deaths from airstrikes rising again in recent years , the number of Afghan civilians being killed by foreign military operations has led to mounting tension between the foreign countries and the government of Afghanistan . In May 2007 , President Hamid Karzai summoned foreign military commanders to warn them of the consequences of further Afghan civilian deaths . The civilian losses are a continuation of the extremely high civilian losses experienced during the Soviet War in Afghanistan in the 1980s , and the three periods of civil war following it : 1989 -- 1992 , 1992 -- 1996 , and 1996 -- 2001 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3b6a97184272146726f82ef11969f48d", "text": "Restoration of Tahmasp II to the Safavid throne The Restoration of Tahmasp II to the Safavid throne took place in the latter part of 1729 by a series of battles fought between Nader , Tahmasp 's commander-in-chief and Ashraf Hotaki . Despite nominally bringing Tahmasp to the seat of power , true authority still rested with Nader who had ever since the debacle in northern Khorasan managed to seize Tahmasp II as his vassal . As for Afghan rule , the Ghilzai Afghans were ejected from the Iranian Plateau permanently and in the following years were re-annexed by Nader whence they were once again absorbed into the Persian empire .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d337074f50f548eda94d37e2171aa30a", "text": "Ibrahim Shah Suri Ibrahim Shah Suri was the fifth ruler of Sur dynasty , a Pashtun ( Afghan ) dynasty of late medieval northern India .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "298db7eb283a8aefbeb58276c9df5ba0", "text": "Sufi Dynasty The Sufid dynasty was a Turkic dynasty that ruled in Khwarezm , in the Amu Darya river delta . Although the dynasty 's independence was short-lived ( c. 1361 -- 1379 ) , its later members continued to rule Khwarezm intermittently as governors of the Timurid Empire until the takeover of Khwarezm by the Shaybanid Uzbeks in 1505 . Unlike earlier dynasties that ruled from Khwarezm , the Sufids never used the title of Khwarezmshah .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b225d9cde623debfe5ffbc562bcfd71a", "text": "South Khorasan Province South Khorasan Province ( استان خراسان جنوبی Ostān-e Khorāsān-e Jonūbī ) is a province located in eastern Iran . Birjand is the centre of the province . The other major cities are Ferdows , Tabas and Qaen . In 2014 , it was placed in Region 5 . This new province , is but the old Quhistan which was included into greater Khorasan in the Iranian administrative planning . However , historically Qohistan forms a separate entity , with a distinct culture , history , environment and ecology . South Khorasan is one of the three provinces that were created after the division of Khorasan in 2004 . While at the beginning , the newly created `` South Khorasan '' included only Birjand County and some new counties detached from that county ( i.e. Nehbandan , Darmian and Sarbisheh ) , in subsequent years , all northern and western cities and territories of the old Quhistan ( such as Qaen , Ferdows and Tabas ) have been annexed into the South Khorasan . South Khorasan Province consists of 11 counties : Birjand , Ferdows , Tabas , Qaen , Nehbandan , Darmian , Sarbisheh , Boshruyeh , Sarayan , Zirkouh and Khusf .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6976e87f2896b3287c98ff5be0cc6727", "text": "Khost Province Khost is one of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan , located in the eastern part of the country next to Pakistan 's Federally Administered Tribal Areas ( FATA ) . Khost province used to be part of Paktia province in the past . The city of Khost serves as the capital of Khost province . The population of the province is around 546,800 , which is mostly a tribal society . Khost Airport serves the province for domestic flights to Afghanistan 's capital , Kabul .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ed3b55c705941a6f9a7f8e0f4da05b71", "text": "Balkh Province Balkh ( Persian and Pashto : بلخ , Balx ) is one of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan , located in the north of the country . It is divided into 15 districts and has a population of about 1,245,100 , which is multi-ethnic and mostly a Persian-speaking society . The city of Mazar-i-Sharif serves as the capital of the province . The Mazar-e Sharif International Airport and Camp Marmal sit on the eastern edge of Mazar-i-Sharif . The name of the province is derived from the ancient city of Balkh , near the modern town . Home to the famous blue mosque , it was once destroyed by Genghis Khan but later rebuilt by Timur . The city of Mazar-e-Sharif has been an important stop on the trade routes from the Far East to the Middle East , the Mediterranean and Europe . The city of Balkh and the area of Balkh Province was considered a part of various historical regions in history including Ariana and Greater Khorasan . It serves today as Afghanistan 's second but main gateway to Central Asia , the other being Shir Khan Bandar in neighboring Kunduz Province .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "50f3db336a2dabbc05483d1742818c24", "text": "History of Afghanistan The written history of Afghanistan , ( تاریخ افغانستان د افغانستان تاريخ can be traced back to around 500 BCE when the area was under the Achaemenid Empire , although evidence indicates that an advanced degree of urbanized culture has existed in the land since between 3000 and 2000 BCE . The Indus Valley Civilisation stretched up to large parts of Afghanistan in the north , with several sites being known . Alexander the Great and his Macedonian army arrived at what is now Afghanistan in 330 BCE after conquering Persia during the Battle of Gaugamela . Since then , many empires have established capitals inside Afghanistan , including the Greco-Bactrians , Mauryas , Kushans , Hindu Shahi , Saffarids , Samanids , Ghaznavids , Ghurids , Timurids , Mughals , Hotakis and Durranis . Afghanistan ( meaning `` land of the Afghans '' ) has been a strategically important location throughout history . The land served as `` a gateway to India , impinging on the ancient Silk Road , which carried trade from the Mediterranean to China '' . Sitting on many trade and migration routes , Afghanistan may be called the ` Central Asian roundabout ' since routes converge from the Middle East , from the Indus Valley through the passes over the Hindu Kush , from the Far East via the Tarim Basin , and from the adjacent Eurasian Steppe . The archaeological manifestation of the Indo-Iranians ( Aryans ) before their split into separate language groups is generally seen as the Andronovo culture to the north of present-day Afghanistan . The Iranian languages were developed by one branch of these people ; the Pashto language spoken today in Afghanistan is one of the Eastern Iranian languages . Elena E. Kuz ` mina argues that the tents of Iranian-speaking nomads of Afghanistan developed from the light surface houses of the Eurasian steppe belt in the Bronze Age . The Arab invasions influenced the culture of Afghanistan , and its pre-Islamic period of Zoroastrian , Macedonian , Buddhist and Hindu past has long vanished . Turkic empire-builders such as the Ghaznavids and Timurids made the region now called Afghanistan of major importance . Mirwais Hotak followed by Ahmad Shah Durrani unified Afghan tribes and founded the last Afghan Empire in the early 18th century CE . Afghanistan 's sovereignty has been held during the Anglo-Afghan Wars , the 1980s Soviet war , and the 2001-present war by the country 's many and diverse people : the Pashtuns , Tajiks , Hazaras , Uzbeks , Turkmen , Aimak , Baloch and others . The Pashtuns form the largest group , claiming to be descendants of ancient Israelites or Qais Abdur Rashid but scholars believe that they are a confederation of various peoples from the past who united under Pashtunwali .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "928c8b7fcbc96b19ac64aef9e0fbf405", "text": "Dabuyid dynasty The Dabuyid or Gaubarid Dynasty was a Zoroastrian Iranian dynasty that started in the early seventh century as an independent group of rulers , reigning over Tabaristan and parts of western Khorasan . Dabuyid rule over Tabaristan and Khorasan lasted from ca . AD 642 to the Abbasid conquest in 760 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fb70bbaa410f7e578cb19dfdb91840c8", "text": "Sajid dynasty The Sajid dynasty , was an Islamic dynasty that ruled from 889-890 until 929 . Sajids ruled Azerbaijan and parts Armenia first from Maragha and Barda and then from Ardabil . The Sajids originated from the Central Asian province of Ushrusana and were of Iranian ( Sogdians ) descent . Muhammad ibn Abi ` l-Saj Diwdad the son of Diwdad , the first Sajid ruler of Azerbaijan , was appointed as its ruler in 889 or 890 . Muhammad 's father Abi ` l-Saj Devdad had fought under the Ushrusanan prince Afshin Khaydar during the latter 's final campaign against the rebel Babak Khorramdin in Azerbaijan , and later served the caliphs . Toward the end of the 9th century , as the central authority of the Abbasid Caliphate weakened , Muhammad was able to form a virtually independent state . Much of the Sajids ' energies were spent in attempting to take control of neighboring Armenia . The dynasty ended with the death of Abu ` l-Musafir al-Fath in 929 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6fb2053e1aa701418368a8db79a5c8f6", "text": "Kharoti Kharoti ( Pashto : خروټی ) is a Pashtun tribe of Ghilji origin based in parts of Afghanistan and Pakistan . Many of the Kharoti have business in gulf countries and Pakistan . They have an estimated population of about 5.5 million , making it one of , if not the largest tribes in Afghanistan , Pakistan with significant territory throughout eastern and south-eastern Afghanistan . There are major Kharoti populations in the Paktika districts of Urgun , Barmal , Sar Hawza , Zarghun Shahr , Omna , Surobi and Gomal . The Kharoti also have a strong presence in balochistan , dera ismail khan and karachi and Ghazni , Zabul , Paktia , Khost , Logar , Wardak , Kabul , Nangarhar and Helmand .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d3f7a5ff6816551e4c55e72969a5e9f5", "text": "Punjab, Pakistan Punjab ( Urdu , Punjabi : , panj-āb , `` five waters '' : ) , is Pakistan 's second largest province by area after Balochistan , and its most populous province with an estimated population of 101,391,000 as of 2015 . It is bordered by Sindh , Balochistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , as well as the regions of Islamabad Capital Territory and the Azad Kashmir . It also shares borders with the Indian states of Punjab , Rajasthan , and Jammu and Kashmir . The provincial capital of Punjab is the city Lahore , a cultural centre of Pakistan where the country 's cinema industry , and much of its fashion industry , are based . Punjab has been inhabited since ancient times . The Indus Valley Civilization , dating to 2600 BCE , was first discovered at Harappa . Punjab features heavily in the Hindu epic poem , the Mahabharata , and is home to Taxila , site of what is considered by many to be the oldest university in the world . In 326 BCE , Alexander the Great defeated King Porus at the Battle of the Hydaspes near Mong , Punjab . The Umayyad empire conquered Punjab in the 8th century CE . Punjab was later invaded by Tamerlane , Babur , and Nader Shah . Punjab reached the height of its splendour during the reign of the Mughal Empire , which for a time ruled from Lahore . Following a successful rebellion , Sikh-led armies claimed Lahore in 1759 . The administration of the Sikh Empire was based out of Lahore , until its defeat by the British . Punjab was central to the independence movements of both India and Pakistan , with Lahore being site of both the Declaration of Indian Independence , and the resolution calling for the establishment of Pakistan . The province was formed when the Punjab province of British India was divided along religious boundaries in 1947 by the Radcliffe Line after Partition . Punjab is Pakistan 's most industrialised province with the industrial sector making up 24 % of the province 's gross domestic product . Punjab is known in Pakistan for its relative prosperity , and has the lowest rate of poverty amongst all Pakistani provinces . A clear divide is present between the northern and southern portions of the province ; with poverty rates in prosperous northern Punjab amongst the lowest in Pakistan , while some in south Punjab are amongst the most impoverished . Punjab is also one of South Asia 's most urbanized regions with approximately 40 % of people living in urban areas . Its human development index rankings are high relative to the rest of Pakistan . Punjab is known in Pakistan for its relatively liberal social attitudes . The province has been strongly influenced by Sufism , with numerous Sufi shrines spread across Punjab which attract millions of devotees annually . The founder of the Sikh faith , Guru Nanak , was born in the Punjab town of Nankana Sahib near Lahore . Punjab is also the site of the Katasraj Temple , which features prominently in Hindu mythology . Several UNESCO World Heritage Sites are located in Punjab , including the Shalimar Gardens , the Lahore Fort , the archeological excavations at Taxila , and the Rohtas Fort .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "57e6d55aa82370fec71d35238341d8a2", "text": "National Directorate of Security The National Directorate of Security ( NDS ) is the primary intelligence agency of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fd229b416818b0d403d46d02790befe8", "text": "Habibullah Khan Habibullah Khan ( June 3 , 1872 -- February 20 , 1919 ) was the Emir of Afghanistan from 1901 until 1919 . He was born in Samarkand , Uzbekistan , the eldest son of the Emir Abdur Rahman Khan , whom he succeeded by right of primogeniture in October 1901 . Habibullah was a relatively reform-minded ruler who attempted to modernize his country . During his reign he worked to bring modern medicine and other technology to Afghanistan . In 1903 , Habibullah founded the Habibia school as well as a military academy . He also worked to put in place progressive reforms in his country . He instituted various legal reforms and repealed many of the harshest criminal penalties . But one of his chief advisers Abdul Lateef was sentenced to death in 1903 for apostasy . He was stoned to death in Kabul . Other reforms included the dismantling of the repressive internal intelligence organization that had been put in place by his father . He strictly maintained the country 's neutrality in World War I , despite strenuous efforts by the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and a German military mission ( Niedermayer -- Hentig Expedition ) to enlist Afghanistan on its side . He also greatly reduced tensions with British India , signing a treaty of friendship in 1905 and paying an official state visit in 1907 . Habibullah was assassinated while on a hunting trip at Laghman Province on February 20 , 1919 . His brother Nasrullah Khan briefly succeeded him as Emir and held power for a week between February 21 and February 28 , 1919 , before being ousted and imprisoned by Amanullah Khan , Habibullah 's third son .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "496e115fd62f17f638ace9f3c27892df", "text": "Waheedullah Sabawoon Wahidullah Sabawoon is a citizen of Afghanistan who has held a variety of political and military offices . According to the Asia Times he served as a leader under Gulbuddin Hekmatyar , the founder and leader of the Hezbi Islami Gulbuddin . The report stated that he was arrested in late 2001 , when he `` called a meeting of about 150 `` Islamic-minded '' commanders in Kabul to determine the role of Islamic forces in the post-Taliban period . '' Hamid Karzai later appointed Sabawoon to his cabinet .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d4857eadb9915b96c3e73a7c510b1e6b", "text": "Mughal–Safavid War (1649–53) The Mughal -- Safavid War of 1649 -- 1653 was fought between the Mughal and Safavid empires in the territory of modern Afghanistan . The war began after a Persian army , while the Mughals were at war with the Janid Uzbeks , captured the fortress city of Kandahar and other strategic cities that controlled the region . The Mughals attempted unsuccessfully to regain the city .", "title": "" } ]	fever
0840adcebccfabfeef1937708cfcc39c	Portia de Rossi portrayed a character.	[ { "docid": "21bcbaaeffa00edf048796c6a8efa535", "text": "Portia de Rossi Portia Lee James DeGeneres ( born Amanda Lee Rogers ; January 31 , 1973 ) , also known professionally as Portia de Rossi ( -LSB- ˈpɔərʃə_də_ˈrɒsi -RSB- ) , is an Australian and American actress , model , and philanthropist . She appeared as a regular cast member on the American political thriller television series Scandal in the role of Elizabeth North from 2014 to 2017 . She is also known for her roles as lawyer Nelle Porter on the American television series Ally McBeal -- for which she won a Screen Actors Guild Award in 1999 -- and as Lindsay Fünke on the American television sitcom Arrested Development . She also portrayed Veronica Palmer on the ABC television sitcom Better Off Ted , and Olivia Lord on the television drama Nip/Tuck . De Rossi is married to comedian and television host Ellen DeGeneres .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "b08c2476182dce4dc8ee440de17ff953", "text": "Cinzia Massironi Cinzia Massironi ( born October 28 , 1966 in Legnano ) is an Italian voice actress and actress . She is a cousin of the actress Marina Massironi . Massironi lent her voice to many Italian versions of cartoon or anime characters ( both female and male ) , such as Dan Kuso in Bakugan Battle Brawlers , Caska in Berserk , Daichi in Beyblade G-Revolution , Chun Lee in Beyblade : Metal Masters , Li Syaoran in Card Captor Sakura , Mitsuhiko Tsuburaya in Detective Conan , Comet in Princess Comet , Laura and Videl in Dragon Ball , Haku in Naruto , Clancy Kanuka in Patlabor : The TV Series , Lady Kale in Princess Gwenevere and the Jewel Riders , and Jaden Yuki in the second season of Yu-Gi-Oh ! GX . In the field of video games , Massironi has lent her voice to Catwoman and Talia al Ghul in Batman : Arkham City , Lana Lei in Death by Degrees , Emily in Dishonored , Lachesis in God of War II , Hermione Granger in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows - Part 1 , Michelle Chiang in Jet Li : Rise to Honor , female version of Commander Shepard in the Mass Effect series , Wonder Woman and Kitana in Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe , Luke and Flora in the series Professor Layton , Talwyn Apogee in Ratchet & Clank : Tools of Destruction , Ingrid Hunnigan in Resident Evil 6 , Lily in Vampire : The Masquerade - Redemption , and others . Among the live-action film roles that Massironi dubbed in Italian are these of Rebecca De Mornay in The Shining and Alex Murrel in Laguna Beach : The Real Orange County . Massironi is also a theatrical actress , and participated in the film Ask Me If I 'm Happy ( Chiedimi se sono felice ) in the role of Francesca in 2000 and starred in the first part of the episodic film Il Cosmo sul comò in 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "644c28c10b65406341be87bac1818172", "text": "Silvani Silvani is a surname of Italian origin . There are approximately 1516 people with the surname in Italy , the largest number in Emilia Romagna , in Bagno di Romagna , Sarsina , Bologna , and Pieve Santo Stefano , near Arezzo , Tuscany . A considerable number is found in Milan . There are approximately 300 Silvani in France , 350 in USA and 24 in the UK . The surname derives from SILVA , FOREST , and could have been used by the Romans to refer to their slaves that had Transylvanian origin ( Romania/Hungary ) The name refers to : Al Silvani ( 1910 -- 1996 ) , American boxing trainer , actor , and stunt man Aldo Silvani ( 1891 -- 1964 ) , Italian film actor Gherardo Silvani ( 1579 -- 1675 ) , Florentine architect and sculptor of the Baroque era who built Villa di Uligliano also in Tuscany , Pier Francesco Silvani ( 1620 -- 1685 ) , Florentine architect of the Baroque era Walter Silvani ( 11 May 1971 ) Argentinian Football Player Fictional characters Marco Silvani , character on Australian soap opera Neighbours Signorina Silvani and accountant Ugo Fantozzi , a fictional character Written by Paolo Villaggio for the Italian Television", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4b1e6871c0440fbebe3d402d37eb0c81", "text": "De Rossi De Rossi is an Italian surname , and may refer to : Alessandra De Rossi , Philippine actress Assunta De Rossi , Philippine actress Azariah dei Rossi , an Italian-Jewish physician and scholar Bernardo de Rossi , Italian theologian and historian Bernardo de ' Rossi , Italian bishop Daniele De Rossi , Italian footballer Fabrizio De Rossi , a fictional character in the 1997 film Titanic Giovan Antonio de ' Rossi , ( 1616 -- 1695 ) , Italian architect of the Baroque Giovanni Battista de Rossi , 19th-century Italian archaeologist Giovanni Bernardo De Rossi , 19th-century Italian Christian Hebraist Mattia de Rossi , ( 1637 -- 1695 ) , Italian architect of the Baroque Properzia de ' Rossi , Italian Renaissance sculptor Portia de Rossi , Australian actress Saint Giovanni Battista de Rossi , 18th-century Roman priest", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b23a1c860d1788e22b6cc5a9a0208085", "text": "Roberto Devereux Roberto Devereux ( or Roberto Devereux , ossia Il conte di Essex -LSB- Robert Devereux , or the Earl of Essex -RSB- ) is a tragedia lirica , or tragic opera , by Gaetano Donizetti . Salvadore Cammarano wrote the Italian libretto after François Ancelot 's tragedy Elisabeth d'Angleterre ( 1829 ) , and based as well on the Historie secrete des amours d'Elisabeth et du comte d'Essex ( 1787 ) by Jacques Lescéne des Maisons , although Devereux was the subject of at least two other French plays : Le Comte d'Essex by Thomas Corneille and Le Comte d'Essex by Gauthier de Costes , seigneur de la Calprenède . The opera is loosely based on the life of Robert Devereux , 2nd Earl of Essex , an influential member of the court of Queen Elizabeth I of England . The plot of Roberto Devereux was hardly original , mainly derived from Felice Romani 's libretto Il Conte d'Essex of 1833 , originally set by Saverio Mercadante . Romani 's widow charged Cammarano with plagiarism , although the practice of stealing plots was very common between rival Italian opera houses . It is one of a number of operas by Donizetti which deal with the Tudor period in English history and include Anna Bolena ( named for Henry VIII 's second wife , Anne Boleyn ) , Maria Stuarda ( named for Mary , Queen of Scots ) and Il castello di Kenilworth . The lead female characters of the operas Anna Bolena , Maria Stuarda , and Elisabetta are often referred to as the `` Three Donizetti Queens . '' They earned some degree of fame in the 1970s , when the American soprano Beverly Sills promoted them as a series at New York City Opera . It has been noted that , `` although the plot plays fast and loose with history , the opera carries its own brand of dramatic conviction '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "125a3ef249860ac31b7b6a83d8cc51f3", "text": "Caroline Unger Caroline Unger ( sometimes `` Ungher '' ; 28 October 1803 -- 23 March 1877 ) was an Austro-Hungarian contralto , alternatively known as Karoline , Carolina , and Carlotta . Born in Vienna ( or , according to some sources , in Stuhlweißenburg , today Székesfehérvár ) she studied in Italy ; among her teachers were Aloysia Weber Lange and Domenico Ronconi . Her stage debut , in her native city , came in 1821 , when she performed in Mozart 's Così fan tutte , a performance for which Franz Schubert had briefly served as her répétiteur . Three years later she sang in the first performances of Ludwig van Beethoven 's Ninth Symphony and Missa Solemnis . She performed a great deal in Italy , principally in Naples after 1825 when she became engaged to the impresario of the Teatro San Carlo , Domenico Barbaia . Among the roles written for her were those of Isoletta in Vincenzo Bellini 's La straniera ( 1829 , Milan ) , Gaetano Donizetti 's Parisina ( 1833 , Florence ) , Antonina in Belisario ( 1836 , Venice ) , Maria de Rudenz ( 1838 , Venice ) , and Bianca in Saverio Mercadante 's Le due illustre rivali ( 1838 , Venice ) . Unger had a great success at the Théâtre-Italien in Paris in October 1833 , where Sadie speculates that this was the occasion upon which Rossini is known to have commented on her voice as having `` the ardour of the south , the energy of the north , brazen lungs , a silver voice and a golden talent '' . In 1841 she married the French writer and retired from the stage in 1843 . She died in Florence and was buried in the cemetery of the basilica San Miniato al Monte there . She is memorable for her part in the famous anecdote regarding the applause at the premiere of Beethoven 's Ninth Symphony -- it was reportedly she who turned the completely deaf composer around to receive his audience 's thunderous applause .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "875c2d3e31757f1f05642215ab384d70", "text": "Fabrizio De Rossi Re Fabrizio De Rossi Re ( born 1 August 1960 , in Rome ) is an Italian composer and librettist . He composes stage operas , symphonic , choral and chamber music , while also performing as a pianist .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0f1f583ec7e857432bc2001bb0929cb9", "text": "Laura San Giacomo Laura San Giacomo ( born November 14 , 1962 ) is an American actress known for playing the role of Maya Gallo on the NBC sitcom Just Shoot Me ! , Kit De Luca in the film Pretty Woman , and Cynthia in Sex , Lies , and Videotape as well as other work on television and in films . She played the role of Holly Hunter 's childhood best friend on the TNT crime drama series Saving Grace .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d02104a40736540e27e3e32e85dc188d", "text": "The Age of the Medici The Age of the Medici , originally released in Italy as L'età di Cosimo de Medici ( The Age of Cosimo de Medici ) , is a 1973 3-part TV series about the Renaissance in Florence , directed by Roberto Rossellini . The series was shot in English in the hope of securing a North American release , which it failed to achieve , and was later dubbed into Italian and shown on state television . The films are : Cosimo de Medici , The Power of Cosimo and Leon Battista Alberti : Humanism . It is Fred Ward 's debut role . Like several other TV series directed by Rossellini during the 1970s , The Age of the Medici is a form of docudrama , in which historical information is communicated via dramatized conversations between figures from history , and between ordinary people . They are unabashedly `` teaching films . '' As Dave Kehr explains , `` The dialogue is bluntly didactic , with characters telling one another things they would already know entirely for the benefit of the audience ... . Rossellini is n't asking his viewers to identify with his characters or become caught up in their personal dramas ... Instead he creates a detached perspective . '' Each scene plays out in a single long take , with the camera slowly moving and zooming to create different framings of the action , or , as Kehr puts it , `` to close in on details or investigate relationships '' . When the films debuted in New York 's Public Theater in 1973 , New York Times movie critic Vincent Canby noted that while not difficult , the austere style of the films , `` as well as Rossellini 's total lack of concern for what might be called performance , take some getting used to . Yet once you 've grasped the method and the rhythm of the films , they are a ravishingly beautiful experience '' : The actors make few attempts to act . They recite as they walk about magnificent locations , sounding and looking like ferociously gifted dress-extras . The talk has been rather flatly dubbed into English so that it 's not always possible to tell who is speaking.Forget these problems , though . The film is about what is being said and what you can see around and behind these figures . When you connect with The Age of the Medici , it has the effect of reducing every other film you 've seen recently to the status of an ornament .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "717393665c8236506f554ef4d5bdb670", "text": "Sciantosa In Italian theatrical culture , the term sciantosa ( pl. : `` sciantose '' ) refers to a stock character that developed from the late 19th Century through the early 20th Century in such popular genres such as café-concert , variety show , avanspettacolo , and revue . The term is a distortion of the French word chanteuse ( feminine form of `` singer '' ) , and was originally used for female singers that performed opera or operetta arias in café-chantant venues . As such , the `` sciantosa '' was a sort of scaled-down version of the opera `` diva '' . Later on , the term acquired further implications , most notably that of femme fatale . Popular sciantose often had ( or pretended to have ) mysterious and exotic traits , such as a foreign accent , a turbulent past , or romantic affairs with lovers from the jet set . To emphasize their reputation of divas , prominent sciantose hired a claque to follow their shows . Some of the most well known sciantose were Anna Fougez , Gilda Mignonette , Olimpia D'Avigny , and Yvonne De Fleuriel . With the advent of cinema and television , many forms of popular theatrical shows faded , and so did the `` sciantosa '' archetype , whose traits were partially transferred to new roles such as the soubrette or the showgirl . The 1971 film La Sciantosa , by director Alfredo Giannetti , portrays a typical sciantosa ( played by Anna Magnani ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "08469fee8863cb68b81df96936467c5d", "text": "Valorie Armstrong Valorie Armstrong ( also credited as Valerie Armstrong ) is an American actress most notably recognized from her role as family matriarch Marisa Perkins on NBC 's soap opera Santa Barbara during 1984 -- 1985 . Her other roles include various guest-starring roles on TV shows . Prior to her role as Marisa Perkins , she had appeared on One Life to Live as Minna , a former prostitute pal of Katrina Karr 's and Karen Wolek 's ( 1981 -- 1983 ) . She also had a featured role as Alice McRaven , the best friend of Sandy Duncan 's character Sandy Stockton on Funny Face , in the 1970s . In 1990 , the two worked together again when Ms. Armstrong had a guest role as Mrs. Gordon , in an episode of Miss Duncan 's later series , The Hogan Family .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a68f8f1d21f52e192638ee10cfe8929a", "text": "Storia di Anna Storia di Anna ( translated : `` Story of Anna '' ) is a 1981 Italian drama television miniseries directed by Salvatore Nocita and starring Laura Lattuada . It is the first Italian series to have drug dependence as main theme . It is based on an early script by Renato Castellani .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "26b93c578f851f11c02fe38eaec75b37", "text": "Alice Ventura Alice Ventura is a fictional character , one of the antagonists of the Brazilian soap opera Força de um Desejo ( 1999 ) , by Gilberto Braga , Alcides Nogueira and Marques . She is considered one of the greatest villains of Brazilian soap operas , and was played by actress Lavínia Vlasak .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d830dbc2e18aa4f712949a97749dc752", "text": "La donna del lago La donna del lago ( The Lady of the Lake ) is an opera composed by Gioachino Rossini with a libretto by Andrea Leone Tottola ( whose verses are described as `` limpid '' by one critic ) based on the French translation of The Lady of the Lake , a narrative poem written in 1810 by Sir Walter Scott , whose work continued to popularize the image of the romantic highlands . Scott 's basic story has been noted as coming from `` the hint of an incident stemming from the frequent custom of James V , the King of Scotland , of walking through the kingdom in disguise '' . It was the first of the Italian operas to be based on Scott 's romantic works , and marked the beginning of romanticism in Rossini 's work . It was `` deeply influential in the development of Italian romantic opera '' to the extent that by 1840 ( barely 20 years after this opera ) , there were 25 Italian operas based on his works , the most famous being Donizetti 's Lucia di Lammermoor of 1835 . Others in German , French and English followed . Written for the Teatro San Carlo in Naples , this was the seventh of nine operas which Rossini wrote for that house between 1815 and 1822 . Although the première on 24 September 1819 was not a success , there followed many performances throughout major European venues ( as well as being presented in Cuba and by major South American houses ) until about 1860 , after which the opera disappeared until 1958 . In modern times , performances have been given fairly frequently .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ce29754951f2bcacda22ab55a69b8b51", "text": "Roberto de' Rossi Roberto de ' Rossi was an early humanist in Florence , a follower of Coluccio Salutati and , as the first pupil of Manuel Chrysoloras , one of the first Florentines to read Greek . Roberto de ' Rossi was a wealthy patrician who never married and avoided public office but devoted his life to books and his studies in his house and garden in the Oltr ` Arno district of Florence . His translations of Aristotle and other classical Greek writers made them widely available to the Latin-reading public , but his modern claim to fame is as the tutor of Cosimo de ' Medici , a role for which he was selected by Giovanni di Bicci . Roberto 's friends Leonardo Bruni and Niccolo Niccoli were inherited by Cosimo and formed part of his circle .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93a09fdf79f1258f17b52dbe5dad9251", "text": "Drea de Matteo Drea de Matteo ( -LSB- dreɪ_də_məˈteɪoʊ -RSB- born January 19 , 1972 ) is an American actress , known for her roles as Angie Bolen on ABC 's Desperate Housewives , Joey Tribbiani 's sister Gina on the NBC sitcom Joey , Wendy Case on FX series Sons of Anarchy , and Adriana La Cerva on the HBO TV series The Sopranos , a role for which she won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series . She currently stars as Det. Tess Nazario in NBC 's Shades of Blue .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "633327be54407b1199dd991c0bddec5d", "text": "Rebecca de Pont Davies Rebecca de Pont Davies is a British mezzo-soprano who has performed with English National Opera and Welsh National Opera , and at the Teatro Real in Madrid and the Royal Opera House in Covent Garden , among others . Davies was born and educated in Blackheath , and is the sister of the screenwriter William Davies and the television producer Michael Davies . She has been diagnosed with Graves ' disease . Davies went straight from school to the Guildhall School of Music and Drama where she completed the four year Associate of the Guildhall School of Music ( AGSM ) course and the two year Opera Course for which she was awarded a full scholarship before becoming a Company Artist for English National Opera . Here her roles included Ottavia in The Coronation of Poppea , Ulrica in A Masked Ball , Mistress Quickly in Falstaff , Annina in Der Rosenkavalier , Theatre Dresser/Schoolboy/Groom / Girl 's Mother in Lulu , Mrs Sedley and Auntie in Peter Grimes , Bronka in The Passenger , Marya in War and Peace and Ruth in the Mike Leigh production of The Pirates of Penzance . Davies 's roles in other productions include Marchioness in La fille du régiment for Teatro Real in Madrid , Auntie in Peter Grimes for Deutsche Oper Berlin , Prakriti 's mother in the premiere of Wagner Dream for Dutch National Opera and later for Welsh National Opera ; Second Maid in Elektra for Dutch National Opera ; Witch in Hänsel und Gretel ; Herodias in Salome in Bielefeld ; Mrs Sedley in Peter Grimes for Deutsche Oper am Rhein and the Liceu in Barcelona ; Geneviève in Pelléas et Mélisande in Essen ; Jack 's Mother in Into the Woods ; Beroe in The Bassarids , Old Lady in Sunday in the Park with George , and Beggar Woman in Sweeney Todd : The Demon Barber of Fleet Street for Théâtre du Châtelet ; Mrs Sedley in Peter Grimes , Maddalena in Rigoletto and Klytämnestra in Elektra for Opera North ; French Mother in Death in Venice for the Glyndebourne Festival Opera ( filmed by the BBC ) ; Katisha in The Mikado in a co-production between Scottish Opera and the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company at the Theatre Royal , Glasgow ; Kabanicha in Káťa Kabanová for Teatro Regio in Turin and Auntie in Peter Grimes for Teatro Nacional de São Carlos in Lisbon . Davies made her Royal Opera House début as Old Sister 2 in Babette 's Feast in the Linbury Studio Theatre , and for them has also sung Schwertleite in Die Walküre , Second Esquire in Parsifal , Aunt Kaye in the world premiere of Anna Nicole and Hostess of the Inn in Boris Godunov . Davies 's performances in concert include Judith Weir 's The Consolations of Scholarship with the Lontano Ensemble , Manuel de Falla 's El amor brujo and Siete canciones populares españolas with the Symphony Nova Scotia and performances with the BBC Proms , London Sinfonietta , the BBC Symphony Orchestra and the Philharmonia Orchestra . Her recordings include Falstaff with English National Opera and String , Paper , Wood by Ronald Corp. . Davies is married to the singer and writer Jessica Walker .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2ef424fe9060f01fc05b7562302671fd", "text": "Portia White Portia White ( June 24 , 1911February 13 , 1968 ) was a Canadian operatic contralto .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2fafa8bc3283192eba91a434a2e8c9dc", "text": "Gilda dalla Rizza Gilda Dalla Rizza ( 12 October 18925 July 1975 ) was an important Italian soprano . Born in Verona , she made her operatic debut in Bologna ( the Teatro Verdi ) in 1912 , as Charlotte in Werther . Especially acclaimed in the verismo repertory , she was regarded as being Giacomo Puccini 's favorite soprano , creating Magda in his La rondine ( 1917 ) . Although he composed the part of Minnie in La fanciulla del West for another soprano , when Puccini saw Dalla Rizza in the part , he said , `` Behold , at last I have seen my Fanciulla '' . She also gave the first European performances of his Suor Angelica and Gianni Schicchi , at Rome in 1919 . He also had her in mind for Liù in Turandot , though her voice proved too heavy for the part of the young slave-girl by the time of the premiere . Dalla Rizza appeared at the major theatres in Rome , Florence , Turin , São Paulo , Buenos Aires ( Teatro Colón ) , Rio de Janeiro , Verona , Naples , Monte-Carlo , Bologna , Lima , Parma , Santiago , Barcelona , Amsterdam , etc. . She never appeared in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b2d059aa881a31213ef431dd951a37f6", "text": "Mezzetino Mezzetino , also Mezzettino , ( Pron . met-zeh-TEE-no ) is a character from the commedia dell ` arte and is considered by Duchartre to be a variant on the stock character Brighella . His name means `` Half-Measure ( of liquor ) '' in Medieval Italian , and he is sometimes called in French and English plays `` Mezzetin '' . He first appeared in the 16th century . Mezzetino is an adept schemer and trouble-maker , willing to commit acts of violence if necessary , but on the whole a little calmer than his brother Brighella , and much more gentle and cultivated , especially in his later life . He is often very musically inclined , and can sing and dance with skill . His character can vary greatly : he can be a loyal servant or simply scheming for his master 's downfall ; he can be a deceitful husband or be deceived by his wife . He also seems to be rather more interested in the ladies than is Brighella , often coming over as rather creepy in his efforts to flirt . His costume has gone through similar variations to Brighella 's , beginning as a baggy white costume like that worn by the zanni but later evolving into a livery or else a tunic and breeches , usually with stripes , and some sort of hat as an accessory . Whereas Brighella 's color is green , Mezzetino 's is red or burgundy . He is sometimes played without a mask , especially in later versions , after the manner in which Angelo Costantini played him ; but when masked it is either brown or rust colored . Callot shows him holding a sword as part of the ensemble . He is also sometimes dressed in a manner that closely resembles the habit of Harlequin , as in the famous Nymphenburg porcelain , hence some people 's belief that he is a variant not on Brighella but on Harlequin . He almost always wears a short cape , called a tabaro , which has its origins in the plays of Ancient Rome .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "73579cd325376f98056507847056dae2", "text": "Portia (The Merchant of Venice) Portia is the heroine of William Shakespeare 's The Merchant of Venice . A rich , beautiful , and intelligent heiress , she is bound by the lottery set forth in her father 's will , which gives potential suitors the chance to choose between three caskets composed of gold , silver and lead . If they choose the right casket -- the casket containing Portia 's portrait and a scroll -- they win Portia 's hand in marriage . If they choose the wrong casket , they must leave and never seek another woman in marriage . Portia is glad when two suitors , one driven by greed and another by vanity , fail to choose correctly . She favours Bassanio , a young Venetian noble , but is not allowed to give him any clues to assist in his choice . Later in the play , she disguises herself as a man , then assumes the role of a lawyer 's apprentice ( named Balthazar ) whereby she saves the life of Bassanio 's friend , Antonio , in court . Portia is one of the most prominent and appealing of the heroines in Shakespeare 's mature romantic comedies . She is beautiful , gracious , rich , intelligent , and quick-witted , with high standards for her potential romantic partners . She obeys her father 's will , while steadfastly seeking to obtain Bassanio . She demonstrates tact to the Princes of Morocco and Aragon , who unsuccessfully seek her hand . In the court scenes , Portia finds a technicality in the bond , thereby outwitting Shylock and saving Antonio 's life when everyone else fails . It is Portia who delivers one of the most famous speeches in The Merchant of Venice : The strength of the role of Portia has made it attractive to many notable actresses . Frances Abington , Sarah Siddons and Elizabeth Whitlock all played Portia in the 18th century when actresses first started appearing on stage in performances of the play . More recently , the role has been depicted in the cinema and on television by a number of notable actresses such as Maggie Smith , Claire Bloom , Sybil Thorndike , Joan Plowright , Caroline John and Gemma Jones . Despite Portia 's lack of formal legal training , she wins her case by referring to the details of the exact language of the law . Her success involves prevailing on technicalities rather than the merits of the situation . She uses the tactics of what is sometimes called a Philadelphia lawyer . However , the concept of rhetoric and its abuse is also brought to light by Portia -- highlighting the idea that an unjust argument may win through eloquence , loopholes and technicalities , regardless of the moral question at hand -- and thus provoking the audience to consider that issue .", "title": "" } ]	fever
7af4205c5d3e2d6aaaf65cb9a4b72acd	Kingdom Hearts III is published by Harmonix.	[ { "docid": "e7fcfb556c94e2ee7e70ca1e3993d277", "text": "Kingdom Hearts III Kingdom Hearts III is an upcoming action role-playing game developed and published by Square Enix for the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One . It is the twelfth installment in the Kingdom Hearts series , sequel to Kingdom Hearts II , and the final chapter in the Dark Seeker saga . Set after the events of Kingdom Hearts 3D : Dream Drop Distance , returning protagonist Sora is joined by Donald Duck , Goofy , King Mickey and Riku in their search for the seven guardians of light and the `` Key to Return Hearts '' as they attempt to thwart Master Xehanort 's plan to bring about a second Keyblade War . Their journey has them cross paths with characters , and visit worlds , based on Disney properties and Final Fantasy . Concepts for the game began as early as 2006 , after the release of Kingdom Hearts II : Final Mix in Japan , with the game not officially confirmed to be in development until E3 2013 , after years of rumors and speculation . Kingdom Hearts III sees many returning gameplay features from the series , while introducing new `` Attraction Flow '' attacks that incorporate Disney Parks attractions . The game also is the first in the series to utilize Unreal Engine 4 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "c2946defa55cd8ff8b0f1403a502ab3b", "text": "Gutsoon! Entertainment Gutsoon ! Entertainment , Inc. is a now defunct publisher of English translated manga . The company , headquartered in Encino , Los Angeles , served as the US subsidiary of Coamix , which was founded by Nobuhiko Horie and manga artist Tsukasa Hojo . The company published the English manga anthology Raijin Comics , a U.S. equivalent to the Japanese Weekly Comic Bunch and published many of the same titles ( Fist of the Blue Sky and City Hunter ) , as well titles from other magazines such as the Japanese Weekly Shōnen Jump . Raijin Comics began as a weekly magazine with its first issue ( dated December 18 , 2002 ) , but switched to being a monthly publication beginning with its 36th issue ( dated September 2003 ) . Gutsoon ! also published a companion magazine to Raijin Comics , titled Raijin Game & Anime ( originally called Fujin Magazine ) , which lasted only 20 issues before being merged into the pages of Raijin Comics . The collected volumes of Raijin Comics titles were published under the Raijin Graphic Novels imprint . Raijin Comics also has a mascot called `` Raijin Maru '' . Before the company 's fall they were also planning to make a shōjo manga magazine called Smile Magazine . On March 15 , 2004 , Gutsoon ! announced that they will be placing their Rajin Comics brand on hiatus . Raijin Comics ceased publication with its July 2004 issue ( issue # 46 ) and the Raijin Graphic Novels line was subsequently cancelled as well .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a5ac8606ca4eb57640a1cbcd465c6a3c", "text": "Silicon Studio Silicon Studio is a Japanese computer graphics technology company and video game developer based in Tokyo . As a technology company , Silicon Studio has produced several products in the 3D computer graphics field , including middleware software , such as a post-processing visual effects library called YEBIS , as well as general real-time graphics engines and game development engines , such as OROCHI and Mizuchi , a physically based rendering engine . As a video game developer , Silicon Studio has worked on different titles for several gaming platforms , most notably , the action-adventure game 3D Dot Game Heroes on the PlayStation 3 , the role-playing video game Bravely Default on the Nintendo 3DS , and Fantasica on the iOS and Android mobile platforms .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1cd18bcf79d38cd465a48813291ac52a", "text": "Altron is a Japanese video game developer and publisher located in Shinagawa , Tokyo , Japan operating since 1983 . It has developed or published games for the Nintendo 64 , PlayStation , Sega Saturn , Super NES , Genesis , Nintendo Entertainment System , Nintendo DS , Game Boy , Game Boy Color , and Nintendo 3DS video game systems .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d6f136aadcc13ae8d3bf5427c5baf90c", "text": "King's Quest V King 's Quest V : Absence Makes the Heart Go Yonder ! is a 1990 graphic adventure game by Sierra On-Line . Originally released in November 1990 , it featured a significant improvement in graphics ( achieved through the introduction of VGA into the series ) . It was also the first King 's Quest installment to replace the typing user interface with a point-and-click user interface . The title is a spoof on the proverb , `` Absence makes the heart grow fonder . '' King 's Quest V sold over half million copies and won several awards . It was later released as a fully voiced `` talkie '' CD-ROM , done by members of the Sierra staff .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "75ce04c473399acce2919c81614c6274", "text": "Dance Central (video game) Dance Central is a music rhythm game for the Xbox 360 that uses the Kinect motion peripheral . The game was developed by Harmonix , creators of the Guitar Hero and Rock Band franchises , and is a launch title for Kinect . Dance Central 2 was announced at E3 2011 and later released in October 2011 . Dance Central 3 was announced at E3 2012 and was released in October 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ea96a8a50eec8710d680775e3df01bd", "text": "List of Square Enix video game franchises Square Enix is a Japanese video game development and publishing company formed from the merger of video game developer Square and publisher Enix on April 1 , 2003 . The company is best known for its role-playing video game franchises , which include the Final Fantasy series , the Dragon Quest series , and the action role-playing Kingdom Hearts series . Since its inception , the company has developed or published hundreds of titles in various video game franchises on numerous gaming systems . Of its properties , the Final Fantasy franchise is the best-selling , with a total worldwide sales of over 110 million units . The Dragon Quest series has shipped over 66 million units worldwide and is one of the most popular video game series in Japan , while the Kingdom Hearts series has shipped over 22 million copies worldwide . Square Enix has owned Taito , which continues to publish its own video games , since September 2005 , and acquired game publisher Eidos Interactive in April 2009 , which was merged with Square Enix 's European publishing wing and renamed as Square Enix Europe . This list includes franchises in which Square Enix , or its original components Square and Enix , or its subsidiaries , were the primary developer or publisher , even if the series was begun prior to the subsidiary 's acquisition . Franchises are defined as any set of interconnected media consisting of more than one release , and video game franchises are defined as franchises which were initially created as a video game or series of video games . For a list of all individual games developed or published by Square Enix , see the list of Square Enix video games and mobile games . For games released before the merger , see the Square and Enix video games . For games released by Taito , both before and after the acquisition , see the list of Taito games , and for games published by Eidos prior to acquisition see the list of Eidos games .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "970a135bf09b2204d51ef6b3801b0e89", "text": "Sengoku Basara is a series of video games developed and published by Capcom , and a bigger media franchise based on it , including three anime series and an animated film . Its story is very loosely based on real events of the titular Sengoku era in the history of feudal Japan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b306a9a1aceb5b26f6396d08d4a3ed04", "text": "Shenmue III is an upcoming action-adventure role-playing video game developed by Neilo and Ys Net , scheduled for release in December 2017 for Microsoft Windows and PlayStation 4 . It is directed , written and produced by Yu Suzuki . Shenmue III follows teenage martial artist Ryo Hazuki in his quest to find his father 's killer in 1980s China . Suzuki conceived Shenmue as a saga spanning multiple games . The first two games were developed by Sega AM2 and published by Sega for the Dreamcast in 1999 and 2001 respectively . The original Shenmue was the most expensive video game ever developed at the time , with an estimated production and marketing cost of over $ 47 million USD , though this also covered some of Shenmue II and groundwork for future Shenmue games . Despite attracting a cult following and appearances in several `` greatest video games of all time '' lists , the games were commercial failures and Shenmue III spent over a decade in development hell . At the June 2015 E3 conference , following years of speculation , Suzuki launched a Kickstarter campaign to crowdfund Shenmue III , with Sega having licensed Shenmue to Suzuki 's company Ys Net . The campaign met its initial target of $ 2 million USD in under eight hours , making it the fastest Kickstarter campaign to reach that amount . It ended in July 2015 having raised over $ 6 million , making it the highest-funded video game and the sixth highest-funded campaign in Kickstarter history . Crowdfunding resumed via the online payment system PayPal and the Chinese crowdfunding platform Alipay .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "df5bdf8f714c8fe3d8edcc548c444e23", "text": "Megadimension Neptunia VII is a Japanese role-playing game in the Hyperdimension Neptunia series of role-playing games , for the PlayStation 4 and Microsoft Windows . It was released in Japan on April 23 , 2015 , North American territories on February 2 , 2016 , European territories on February 12 , 2016 and the Windows version was released on July 5 , 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "274fb8bea56f5c13d1a1962ac51979a5", "text": "Conspiracy Entertainment Conspiracy Entertainment ( formerly Conspiracy Games ) is an American third-party developer video game publisher , publishing games from smaller companies that would face difficulties distributing games themselves . The company has also developed a few games of its own . Conspiracy Entertainment is currently publishing UMD videos for the PlayStation Portable and games for the Wii console .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4c7853bff08cc75df8a081051455564a", "text": "List of Tales media The Tales series , known in Japan as the , is a franchise of fantasy Japanese role-playing video games published by Bandai Namco Games ( formerly Namco ) , and developed by its subsidiary , Namco Tales Studio ( formerly Wolf Team ) until 2011 and presently by Bandai Namco . First begun in 1995 with the development and release of Tales of Phantasia for the Super Famicom , the series currently spans fifteen main titles , multiple spin-off games and supplementary media in the form of manga series , anime series , and audio dramas . While entries in the series generally stand independent of each other with different characters and stories , they are commonly linked by their gameplay , themes and high fantasy settings . Most of the main Tales games have been localized for North America and Europe , although almost all of the spinoff titles have not been released abroad . While generally seen as a niche series in English speaking regions , Tales is considered a high-profile property in Japan , just behind other series such as Final Fantasy and Dragon Quest . As of December 2013 , the series has sold 16 million units worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eb50ece4182c50ecbbc306652b033ff9", "text": "Kingdom Hearts HD 2.5 Remix Kingdom Hearts HD 2.5 Remix is an HD remastered collection of three games in Square Enix 's Kingdom Hearts series : Kingdom Hearts II , Birth by Sleep , and Re : coded . A successor to the series ' HD 1.5 Remix collection , it was released as a PlayStation 3 exclusive in Japan on October 2014 and internationally two months later . Kingdom Hearts HD 2.5 Remix includes Kingdom Hearts II Final Mix and Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep Final Mix in high definition and with trophy support . Additionally , the collection features a cinematic remake of Kingdom Hearts Re : coded that features remastered cutscenes from the original game as well as new content . A third collection , Kingdom Hearts HD 2.8 Final Chapter Prologue , was released in 2017 . 2.5 Remix was re-released along with 1.5 Remix on the PlayStation 4 in March 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0ec3a385d5a5c44f7b829da7ed204cb7", "text": "Club Penguin (video game console series) The Club Penguin video game series is a series of party games for the Wii and Nintendo DS based on Disney 's popular massively multiplayer online game , Club Penguin . They are published by Disney Interactive Studios .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "33da760870bfa9d1d86441fcdb92c1b0", "text": "Heroes of Might and Magic III Heroes of Might and Magic III : The Restoration of Erathia is a turn-based strategy game developed by Jon Van Caneghem through New World Computing originally released for Microsoft Windows by the 3DO Company in 1999 . Its ports to several computer and console systems followed in 1999-2000 . It is the third installment of the Heroes of Might and Magic series . The game 's story is first referenced throughout Might and Magic VI : The Mandate of Heaven and serves as a prequel to Might and Magic VII : For Blood and Honor . The player can choose to play through seven different campaigns telling the story , or play in a scenario against computer or human opponents . The gameplay is very similar to its predecessors in that the player controls a number of heroes that command an army of creatures inspired by myth and legend . The gameplay is divided into two parts , tactical overland exploration and a turn based combat system . The player creates an army by spending resources at one of the eight town types in the game . The hero will progress in experience by engaging in combat with enemy heroes and monsters . The conditions for victory vary depending on the map , including conquest of all enemies and towns , collection of a certain amount of a resource , or finding the grail artifact . Heroes III was released to universal acclaim and was praised by critics . The game received the expansion packs Heroes of Might and Magic III : Armageddon 's Blade and Heroes of Might and Magic III : The Shadow of Death . Heroes Chronicles , a series of short introductory games based on the Heroes III engine , was also released . A special version of Heroes III titled Heroes III Complete , which included the original game and both expansion packs , was released in 2000 . On December 10 , 2014 , Ubisoft announced an HD version of the game . The new version features updated graphics as well as wide screen compatibility and was released on January 29 , 2015 for Microsoft Windows , iOS and Android . However , the expansions have not been re-released because their source code is lost .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "33ed35a2f5fd138103d423e6c63dc4d8", "text": "Nintendo Nintendo Co. , Ltd. is a Japanese multinational consumer electronics and video game company headquartered in Kyoto , Japan . Nintendo is one of the world 's largest video game companies by market capitalization . Founded on 23 September 1889 by Fusajiro Yamauchi , it originally produced handmade hanafuda playing cards . By 1963 , the company had tried several small niche businesses , such as cab services and love hotels . The word Nintendo can be roughly translated from Japanese to English as `` leave luck to heaven '' . Abandoning previous ventures in favor of toys in the 1960s , Nintendo then developed into a video game company in the 1970s , ultimately becoming one of the most influential in the industry and Japan 's third most-valuable company with a market value of over $ 85 billion . From 1992 until 2016 , Nintendo was also the majority shareholder of Major League Baseball 's Seattle Mariners . , Nintendo has cumulative sales of over 670.43 million hardware units and 4.23 billion software units . The company has created and released some of the best-known and top-selling video game franchises , such as Mario , The Legend of Zelda , and Pokémon .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "83df63ed040a3ef7b2aaf4d63cd84f8e", "text": "Dokapon Kingdom is a role-playing video game developed and published by Sting in Japan for the Sony PlayStation 2 on November 22 , 2007 . It was later published by Atlus in North America on October 14 , 2008 . It is a remake of the Super Famicom title , Dokapon 3 ・ 2 ・ 1 - Arashi o Yobu Yuujou . The PlayStation 2 version was later re-released in Japan on November 20 , 2008 , with a `` Sting The Best '' stamp on it . It was later ported to the Wii by Sting Entertainment on July 31 , 2008 , as Dokapon Kingdom for Wii . The Wii version was later published in North America by Atlus on October 14 , 2008 , and in Europe by BigBen Interactive on March 26 , 2010 , both without `` for Wii '' in the names .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3f6c24ae89f2bcb82390b9b67e1ad503", "text": "List of Final Fantasy media Final Fantasy is a series of role-playing video games developed and published by Square Enix ( formerly Square ) . Its first game premiered in Japan in 1987 , and Final Fantasy games have subsequently been localized for markets in North America , Europe and Australia , on nearly every video game console since its debut on the Nintendo Entertainment System . Final Fantasy is Square Enix 's most successful franchise , having sold over 97 million units worldwide to date . In addition to traditional role-playing games , the series includes tactical role-playing games , portable games , massively multiplayer online role-playing games , and games for mobile phones . Its popularity has placed it as the sixth-best-selling video game franchise , and the series has won multiple awards over the years . In addition to the 15 games released as part of the main ( numbered ) series and their many spin-offs and related titles , the Final Fantasy series has spawned many works in other media including anime , movies , novels and manga , and radio dramas . Final Fantasy : Unlimited , originally a stand-alone anime series , now has its own sub-franchise which includes video games . Many games , particularly the main series , have soundtrack album releases featuring their music in different arrangements . Square Enix has also consistently released companion books for its games which provide additional backstory and plot information , as well as detailed walkthroughs for the game . Since the announcement of Compilation of Final Fantasy VII , Square Enix has focused on `` polymorphic content '' , expanding each game world with material on many video game platforms , as well as other forms of media .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3dd54ffe1e7cc82d59a1f7b137215377", "text": "Aqua (Kingdom Hearts) , also known as , is a fictional character from Square Enix 's video game franchise Kingdom Hearts . Having first made cameo appearances in Kingdom Hearts II and its updated version Final Mix , Aqua is one of the three protagonists who is introduced in the 2010 prequel Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep . She is one of the Keyblade apprentices training under Master Eraqus alongside her friends Terra and Ventus . As Eraqus ' friend Master Xehanort leaves , Aqua and Terra are assigned to find him and defeat creatures known as the Unversed . She also appeared in other Kingdom Hearts titles , most notably Kingdom Hearts HD 2.8 Final Chapter Prologue . Unlike Terra and Ventus , Aqua is the only protagonist who did not have a point of reference for Tetsuya Nomura to design from , and thus was designed from scratch . Later in the design process , Nomura became concerned that Aqua would not be popular , and this drove his decision to make her very distinct in her personal bravery and combat abilities . While her outfit design was based on Terra 's , her movements were chosen to distinguish her from other characters by having her specialize in magical combat . Aqua is voiced by Megumi Toyoguchi in Japanese and Willa Holland in English . Aqua received mixed reviews from game critics , citing boring plot lines and unenthusiastic voice acting combined with weak combat skills . With fans , Aqua was well received , and is one of Kingdom Hearts most popular characters . Nevertheless , her return in Kingdom Hearts HD 2.8 Final Chapter Prologue has received positive response by critics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8e7367048179654804b3db9a17da8639", "text": "Hyper Void Hyper Void is a 3D shooter video game , developed and published by InFramez Technology . It was released for PlayStation 3 , PlayStation 4 and Xbox One . A version for Microsoft Windows is in development .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e1a4404e49abe9e267a65b86e3056d5", "text": "Little King's Story is a real-time strategy life simulation role-playing video game co-developed by Cing and Town Factory for the Wii . The game was published by Rising Star Games in Australia on April 22 , 2009 and Europe on April 24 , 2009 , by Xseed Games in North America on July 21 , 2009 , and by Marvelous Entertainment in Japan on September 3 , 2009 . The player character is a timid boy who has found a mysterious crown which gives him the power to charm people and make them follow orders . As king of the village his goal is to expand the village and make his subjects happy . The design of the game combines various simulation elements as well as real time and adventure elements . Yasuhiro Wada told CVG that the game would be a `` single-player life-sim set in Europe . '' An enhanced re-imagining of the game was released on the PlayStation Vita under the title of New Little King 's Story . The Microsoft Windows version of the game has been released on August 5 , 2016 . The game is published by North American version of the game publisher Xseed Games .", "title": "" } ]	fever
45bbed3ed08cf7f5dac3805f69f6a581	Code Geass was a television series.	[ { "docid": "286adeff86a804544563879facf34aa8", "text": "Code Geass , often referred to as simply Code Geass , is a Japanese anime series created by Sunrise , directed by Gorō Taniguchi , and written by Ichirō Ōkouchi , with original character designs by manga authors Clamp . Set in an alternate timeline , the series focuses on how the former prince Lelouch vi Britannia obtains a power known as Geass and decides to use it to obliterate the Holy Britannian Empire , a superpower that has been conquering various countries . Code Geass first ran in Japan on MBS from October 5 , 2006 , to July 28 , 2007 . Its sequel series , , ran as a simulcast on JNN stations ( like MBS and TBS ) from April 6 , 2008 to September 28 , 2008 . The series has also been adapted into various manga and light novels with the former showing various alternate scenarios from the TV series . Bandai Entertainment also licensed most parts from the franchise for English release in December 2007 , airing the two TV series on Adult Swim . Most manga and light novels have also been published in North America by Bandai . At the Code Geass 10th anniversary event on November 27 , 2016 , it was announced that the series will be receiving a new anime , along with a compilation film trilogy in 2017 that will recap the events from both seasons of the anime series . The new anime , titled , will take place a few years after the events of the Zero Requiem . The director Gorō Taniguchi commented that the upcoming project would star an alive Lelouch and not as an alternate setting . Released to critical acclaim , the anime television series has been well received in Japan , selling over a million DVD and Blu-ray Disc volumes . Both seasons have won several awards at the Tokyo International Anime Fair , Animage Anime Grand Prix , and Animation Kobe event . Critics have praised the series for its large audience appeal as well as the cross conflicts shown among the main characters and the moral questions presented .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e66cddd8291515794d7ec4d95d4d41e4", "text": "Television program A television program ( programme ) is a segment of content intended for broadcast on over-the-air , cable television , or Internet television , other than a commercial , trailer , or any other segment of content not serving as attraction for viewership . It may be a single production , or more commonly , a series of related productions ( also called a television show ) . A limited number of episodes of a television show may be called a miniseries or a serial or limited series . Television series are without a fixed length and are usually divided into seasons ( U.S. ) or series ( UK ) , yearly or semiannual sets of new episodes . While there is no defined length , U.S. industry practice has traditionally favored longer television seasons than those of other countries . A one-time broadcast may be called a `` special '' , or particularly in the UK a `` special episode '' . A television film ( `` made-for-TV movie '' or `` television movie '' ) is a film that is initially broadcast on television rather than released in theaters or direct-to-video . A program can be either recorded , as on video tape , other various electronic media forms , played with an on-demand player or viewed on live television .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "9b41f99cde0b5e62d973e041813ea211", "text": "Rysher Entertainment Rysher Entertainment was the owner of television and film programming content , primarily distributed around the world by CBS Television Distribution and Paramount Pictures . Select rights are also distributed by Warner Bros. , Universal , Lionsgate , Fox , Columbia Pictures , MGM and other entertainment distribution companies worldwide . The company has its roots in Bing Crosby Productions ( `` BCP '' ) . Its namesake , actor-singer Bing Crosby , founded BCP in 1949 , and was best known for producing the sitcom Hogan 's Heroes and the medical drama Ben Casey -- in succeeding years , BCP was acquired by Cox Broadcasting . In 1993 , Cox acquired Rysher Entertainment . Rysher , founded in April 1991 by Keith Samples , had been established as an independently owned company whose original sole product had been the distribution of NBC 's series Saved By The Bell . In 1993 , and later distribution of another NBC series California Dreams in 1994 , Rysher merged with Al Masini 's Television Program Enterprises to form Rysher TPE , its alternate name used from 1993 to 1995 . Through Rysher TPE , they produced and distributed shows such as Lifestyles of the Rich and Famous ( renamed Lifestyles with Robin Leach and Shari Belafonte for its final season ) and Star Search . Later , they produced and distributed George & Alana , which ran for one season in 1995 . The company was shut down in 1999 and the library was acquired by Viacom who folded it into both the film and television division of Paramount . Rysher 's library , today distributed by CBS Television Distribution ( CTD ) and Paramount Pictures ( for TV series and films , respectively ) , includes television and feature film classics such as Hogan 's Heroes ( whose partial rights are held by CBS ) , Ben Casey , and Walking Tall , as well as more recent programs and films including Nash Bridges ( 1999 -- 2001 episodes are produced by Paramount Network Television ) , Highlander : The Series , The Opposite of Sex ( with Sony Pictures Classics ) , Kingpin and Big Night . Rysher also distributes internationally through CTD several of HBO 's award-winning titles including Arli $ $ , Oz and Sex and the City . Rysher also produced House Arrest and Zeus and Roxanne , both of which were released by MGM and distributed by HBO Home Video for home release .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cad8627071728e910030128f3a58ff67", "text": "Local programming The terms local programme , local programming , local content or local television refers to a television program made by a television station or independent television producer for broadcast only within the station 's transmission area or television market . Local programmes can encompass the whole range of programme genres but will usually only cover subjects or people of particular interest to an audience within the station 's coverage area . For example , a local sports programme will present results , interviews and coverage of games or matches , just like a network sports programme , but it would only feature teams and players from within the broadcaster 's transmission area . In some cases a television network programme may include a local element as well . This is particularly the case in the United Kingdom and still happens today with The Politics Show . The BBC regions will all opt-out at the same time from the main programme to present a locally produced segment . Sometimes locally made programmes that are not too specific to the transmission area , will be sold to other local stations for broadcast in their region . Historically there was a large percentage of local programming on television . Late in the 20th century this has significantly fallen . In many cases the only local programmes on a television station today will be the local newscast . The above can also apply to radio . A national radio network may have local studios or affiliates who opt-out at various times to present local programs and content . In the late-1950s , many of the early Australian television series such as Melbourne Magazine ( 1957 ) , Sydney Tonight ( 1956-1959 ) , and TV Talent Scout ( 1957-1958 ) were broadcast in only a single city .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "900194fffb77767792d39fdd39c71bf9", "text": "Alfred Hitchcock Presents Alfred Hitchcock Presents is an American television anthology series hosted and executive produced by Alfred Hitchcock , which aired on CBS and NBC between 1955 and 1965 . It featured dramas , thrillers , and mysteries . By the time it premiered on October 2 , 1955 , Hitchcock had been directing films for over three decades . Time magazine named it one of `` The 100 Best TV Shows of all time '' . The Writers Guild of America ranked it # 79 on their list of the 101 Best-Written TV Series tying it with Monty Python 's Flying Circus , Star Trek : The Next Generation and Upstairs , Downstairs . A series of literary anthologies with the running title Alfred Hitchcock Presents were issued to capitalize on the success of the television series . One volume , devoted to stories that censors would n't allow to be adapted for broadcast , was entitled Alfred Hitchcock Presents : Stories They Would n't Let Me Do on TV '' -- though eventually several of the stories collected were adapted .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7996e9d50e5c2d451622f3cef7b81e26", "text": "Analog television Analog television or analogue television is the original television technology that uses analog signals to transmit video and audio . In an analog television broadcast , the brightness , colors and sound are represented by rapid variations of either the amplitude , frequency or phase of the signal . Analog signals vary over a continuous range of possible values which means that electronic noise and interference becomes reproduced by the receiver . So with analog , a moderately weak signal becomes snowy and subject to interference . In contrast , a moderately weak digital signal and a very strong digital signal transmit equal picture quality . Analog television may be wireless or can be distributed over a cable network using cable converters . All broadcast television systems preceding digital transmission of digital television ( DTV ) used analog signals . Analog television around the world has been in the process of shutting down since the late 2000s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9665c9d40711fb80e08070b27d93066e", "text": "Freaks and Geeks Freaks and Geeks is an American teen comedy-drama television series , created by Paul Feig , with Judd Apatow as executive producer , that aired on NBC during the 1999 -- 2000 television season . Eighteen episodes were completed , but the series was canceled after only 12 had aired . A fan-led campaign persuaded NBC to broadcast three more episodes in July 2000 ; the three remaining unaired episodes , for a total of 18 , aired that September on the cable network Fox Family Channel . The series appeared on Time magazine 's 2007 `` 100 Greatest Shows of All Time '' list , and placed third on the magazine 's list of greatest television shows of the 2000s ( decade ) . In 2007 , Freaks and Geeks ranked # 21 on TV Guides Top Cult Shows Ever . In 2008 , Entertainment Weekly ranked it the 13th-best series of the past 25 years . The same year , AOL TV named it the Best School Show of All Time . In 2013 TV Guide included it in its list of The 60 Greatest Dramas of All Time , and ranked it # 1 on their list of 60 shows that were `` Cancelled Too Soon '' . It launched several of its young actors into successful television and film careers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a5b2a5188d6098e6f9404d8f0f3d4aee", "text": "It Hits the Fan `` It Hits the Fan '' is the first episode of the fifth season of the American animated television series South Park , and the 66th episode of the series overall . It first aired on Comedy Central in the United States on June 20 , 2001 . In the episode , the word `` shit '' is said uncensored on television on the crime show Cop Drama . After this , everyone starts saying `` shit '' over and over , which eventually brings over a mysterious plague that unleashes the ancient Knights of Standards and Practices , and only Chef and the boys can save the world . The episode was written by series co-creator Trey Parker and is rated TV-MA-LV in the United States . Throughout the episode , the profanity `` shit '' or `` shitty '' are exclaimed uncensored a total of 162 separate times ; in syndicated or re-aired versions of this episode , a counter in the bottom left corner of the screen counts the number of times the word has been uttered . The written occurrences are not counted , but `` shit '' is written 38 times , which puts the `` shit `` s up to an even 200 . `` Shit '' is uttered roughly once every eight seconds ; one such count includes the episode 's theme song in the calculation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "58a915170d1b6c2a02b6c064cdccd400", "text": "Inspector Gadget (1983 TV series) Inspector Gadget is a French-Canadian-American animated comic science fiction television series that revolves around the adventures of a clumsy , dim-witted detective named Inspector Gadget -- a human being with various bionic gadgets built into his body . Gadget 's nemesis is Dr. Claw , the leader of an evil organization known as `` M.A.D. '' The series launched the Inspector Gadget franchise . This is the first syndicated cartoon show from DIC Entertainment , as well as the first from the company to be created specifically for US viewers , along with The Littles . It originally ran from 1983 to 1986 and remained in syndication into the late 1990s . It was shown on ABC in Australia from 26 July 1984 to 8 February 1991 . Created by Andy Heyward , Bruno Bianchi , and DiC 's founder Jean Chalopin , the series was a co-production between DiC Entertainment ( at the time named DiC Enterprices ) and the Canadian studio Nelvana , which DiC outsourced the pre-production to . The animation work was outsourced to Asian studios Tokyo Movie Shinsha in Japan and Cuckoo 's Nest Studio in Taiwan . It was the first animated television series to be presented in stereo sound .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bd08c03de3c0b22deb87525fb1db317b", "text": "TV Nation TV Nation is a satirical newsmagazine television series written , directed and hosted by Michael Moore that was co-funded and originally broadcast by NBC in the United States and BBC2 in the United Kingdom . The show blended humor and journalism into provocative reports about various issues . After moving to Fox for its second ( and final ) season , the show won an Emmy Award in 1995 for Outstanding Informational Series . TV Nation was created in the wake of the success Moore had with the documentary Roger & Me , prompting Warner Bros. . Television to ask Moore for television series ideas . In January 1993 , NBC green-lit a pilot episode which took three months to complete . Interest from the BBC prompted NBC to insert the show into its summer 1994 lineup .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a9be7db6d1970266494875fbb9af96f4", "text": "Game of Arms Game of Arms is an American television series that debut February 25 , 2014 , on AMC . The series is a reality television show about American competitive arm wrestlers . The series follows arm wrestling clubs in Erie , Pennsylvania ; Kansas City , Missouri ; New York City ; Sacramento , California , and Baton Rouge , Louisiana . Prior to its broadcast , the series was initially known as King of Arms . On September 11 , 2014 , AMC renewed the series for a second season . However it canceled the series a month later in mid-production as part of the network ending nearly all their reality series and refocusing completely on fictional dramas for their original series output .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f38d0d8807fa3a3cf013ccd9ed9660f2", "text": "Street Fighter: Assassin's Fist Street Fighter : Assassin 's Fist , known in Japan as is a British live-action web series , TV series and feature film in the martial arts film genre developed by director , fight choreographer , writer , actor and martial artist Joey Ansah and actor , writer and martial artist Christian Howard . Based on the popular video game series by Capcom , Street Fighter , the story focuses on Ryu and Ken as they uncover the past of their master , Gouken , and learn the secrets of their Dark Art , Ansatsuken . The web series format was released on Machinima 's YouTube channel on May 23 , 2014 while the subsequent formats ( TV & DVD/Blu-ray ) were released later the same year , and IFC Films released the film on January 7 , 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c1969ac4f7bdbc35cf63099363487f62", "text": "Emergency! Not to be confused with Emergency , a TV program aired on GMA Network in the Philippines . Emergency ! is an American television series that combines the medical drama and action-adventure genres . It was a joint production of Mark VII Limited and Universal Television . It debuted on NBC as a midseason replacement on January 15 , 1972 , replacing the two short-lived series The Partners and The Good Life , and ran until May 28 , 1977 , with six additional two-hour television films during the next two years . Emergency ! was created and produced by Jack Webb and Robert A. Cinader , who were also responsible for the police dramas Adam-12 and Dragnet . Harold Jack Bloom is also credited as a creator ; Webb does not receive screen credit as a creator . In the show 's original TV-movie pilot , Webb was credited only as its director . The series stars Randolph Mantooth and Kevin Tighe as two specially trained firefighters , who formed Squad 51 , part of the then innovative field of paramedics , who were authorized to provide initial emergency medical care to victims of accidents , fires , and other incidents in the field in order to stabilize them for transport to medical facilities . The plot of the initial pilot film described the passing of state legislation , eventually signed by then State Governor Ronald Reagan , and was called `` The Wedsworth-Townsend Act . '' It authorized paramedic units to operate in the field without conventional medical personnel on site , albeit in radio contact with an assigned hospital . Squad 51 worked in concert with the fictional Rampart General Hospital medical staff ( portrayed by Robert Fuller , Julie London , and Bobby Troup ) , who took over each patient 's case from the paramedics who worked in the field . Nearly 30 years after Emergency ! debuted , the Smithsonian Institution accepted Emergency ! memorabilia into its National Museum of American History 's public-service section , including the firefighters ' helmets , turnouts , biophone , and defibrillator . The vehicles of Station 51 are a part of the collection of the Los Angeles County Fire Museum .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "87bf8e0ed509856ee42ed1c231f23acf", "text": "G2G (TV series) G2G : Got to Go , is an animated television series co-produced by Moody Street Kids ( Australia ) and March Entertainment ( Canada ) . The series focuses on the life of a preteen girl , Maddison Marples-Macintosh , who assumes the role of an online advice columnist on her school 's website . The original series ran for 26 half-hour episodes , and premiered on the Nine Network in Australia in 2008 . In 2010 , the show began airing on CBC Television in Canada . The network also published an online game associated with the series , called G2G : Extra Credit . The show typically begins with Maddison receiving an e-mail on her PDA about the troubles of anonymous students in her school and her trying to give that person advice , while ironically facing a problem nearly identical to the one described in the e-mail , which often ends up giving her the answer she needs to help the troubled sender .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dd2c1ea1d12bd310611fc8e5a0ef4463", "text": "Canal Sony (Latin America) Canal Sony ( `` Sony Channel '' , in both Spanish and Portuguese ; formerly called Sony Entertainment Television ) , is a general entertainment channel co-based in Perú , Chile , Venezuela , Brazil and Miami , Florida , United States . It airs in 26 countries in Latin America , and is owned by Sony Pictures Entertainment . In the region , it is distributed by HBO Latin America Group . It was the first pan-regional basic channel that offered programming in its original English language with subtitles and became an award-winning trend setting network . Canal Sony began transmission in August 1995 , as a basic cable television channel . Its first launch in Mexico was on Televisa 's Cablevision cable TV system in March 1996 followed by its launch in Brazil that same Spring . Unlike most national television networks in Latin America , which air all imported shows dubbed in Spanish or Portuguese , Sony started airing its programming with subtitles which led to its role as a regional leader . Canal Sony shows new or recent American comedy , drama and reality series such as Will & Grace , American Idol , 'Til Death , 30 Rock , Queer Eye for the Straight Guy , Falcon Beach , America 's Next Top Model , Scrubs , My Wife and Kids , Everybody Hates Chris , Medium , Ghost Whisperer , Saturday Night Live , Charmed , Whose Line Is It Anyway ? , Grey 's Anatomy , According to Jim , Desperate Housewives , That '70s Show , Ugly Betty , Big Day , Samantha Who ? and reruns or previous seasons of shows such as Seinfeld , Mad About You , Dawson 's Creek , Melrose Place , Beverly Hills , 90210 , Married ... with Children , The Nanny , My Wife and Kids and Frasier . Recently it has been broadcasting several hard comedy series , particularly from the UK such as Balls of Steel and Da Ali G Show . The channel 's biggest production so far is : Latin American Idol . The first season included 20 countries , with auditions in Caracas , Venezuela , Bogotá , Colombia , Mexico City and finishing in Buenos Aires , Argentina , the host country . The show did not include Brazil , because the country already has their own version on terrestrial television . The winner of the first season was Mayre Martinez from Venezuela , winning , amongst other prizes , a record deal , a car and a record contract . On June 12 , a redesign of the channel welcomed three new original productions by SET . Nada Que Ver was the first one , but it aired for a very short period of time , and was replaced with The IT Crowd due to unpopularity and criticism . Recently the first season of The IT Crowd finished and Nada Que Ver , returned to the programation of P.I ( Politically Incorrect , also named after the sound of a bleep in Spanish diction ) . FusionA2 ( Fused ) is a reality show in which two bands are brought together for two days to prepare and play a song together . And Ya es 1/2 Día en China ( It 's Noon in China ) A late night show in the format of NBC 's The Tonight Show with Jay Leno . The show is currently hosted by Luis Chataing . Canal Sony regularly cooperates with popular brands , like Sony Ericsson , or Sony 's competitors , like Philips , to present new products in their mini-show `` Los Huevos de Oro '' ( The Golden Eggs ) , which is shown during commercial breaks . SET also shows music videos , as occasional time-fillers . Another popular feature the channel has been known for is Si Se Lo Perdió ( in Portuguese , Vale o Bis ) , which means `` In Case You Missed It '' , a block that would re-air any new episodes of prime time shows that aired during the week on Sundays , convenient for those that missed the original airings during the week . Nada que Ver is not aired in Brazil and is not on air currently . Ugly Betty was aired in Mexico , starting April 2008 . Sony started airing movies in Tuesday 's prime time . Although the name of the slot refers to Hollywood-produced humor , the movies aired are all romantic comedies , such as Little Black Book , America 's Sweethearts , and My Best Friend 's Wedding . In December 2009 , this space was moved to Saturdays , until it was eventually dropped in 2010 , though a movie block will return to the Brazilian feed on Thursdays , starting in April 2011 , as Cine Sony . At the same time , this block returned to the other regional feeds in Spanish , but on Fridays , as EPH : Espacio Producido Hollywood ( `` Hollywood-Produced Space '' ) . The channel has aired original shows , such as Mexico 's Next Top Model and Brazil 's Next Top Model ( Both based in America 's Next Top Model , which airs on the channel ) . Other original Latin-American series that premiered on the channel are Los Simuladores and Los Caballeros las prefieren Brutas . In 2011 , the Sony Pictures channels in Brazil gained greater independence from the Spanish-language feeds , and as part of that , it was announced that CSI : Crime Scene Investigation would return to Canal Sony in Brazil , while in the rest of the region , that show remains on sister channel AXN . In October 2011 , CSI : Miami would make such channel switch in Brazil . CSI : NY remains seen on AXN in the entire region .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bca189a3bd5c1ab66e5514d4bceff64b", "text": "Mercy Point Mercy Point is an American science fiction medical drama , created by Trey Callaway , David Simkins , and Milo Frank , which originally aired for one season on United Paramount Network ( UPN ) from October 6 , 1998 , to July 15 , 1999 . With an ensemble cast led by : Joe Morton , Maria del Mar , Alexandra Wilson , Brian McNamara , Salli Richardson , Julia Pennington , Gay Thomas , Jordan Lund , and Joe Spano , the series takes place in a 23rd-century hospital space station located in deep space and revolves around its doctors and nurses . The series was produced by Mandalay Television and Columbia TriStar Television ; the executive producers were Trey Callaway , Michael Katleman , Lee David Zlotoff , Joe Voci , and Scott Sanders . Callaway developed Mercy Point from Frank 's script , `` Nightingale One '' , as a concept for a feature film under the working title of the same name . Even though it was picked up by Mandalay Television , the concept was eventually revised as a television project and renamed Mercy Point due to the disappointing commercial performance of the 1997 film Starship Troopers . The show was part of a $ 3 million deal between Mandalay Television and Columbia TriStar Television to produce 200 hours of material . It was filmed in Vancouver to reduce production costs , with the hospital sets constructed on a series of sound stages . Director Joe Napolitano had praised the show for its use of a complete set to allow for more intricate directing . Despite being envisioned as a companion to Star Trek : Voyager , it was paired with Moesha and Clueless as its lead-in on Tuesday nights . Initially focused on ethical and medical cases , the show 's storylines gradually shifted toward relating the characters ' personal relationships to better fit UPN 's primarily teen demographic . Mercy Point was placed on hiatus after only two episodes were aired , and was replaced by the reality television series America 's Greatest Pets and the sitcom Reunited . The show suffered from low viewership , with an average of two million viewers . The final four episodes of the series were broadcast in two , two-hour blocks on Thursday nights in July 1999 . It was never released on DVD or Blu-ray . Critical response to Mercy Point was mixed ; some television critics praised its characterization and use of science-fiction elements , while others found it to be uninteresting and unoriginal . Several media commentators negatively compared the show to other television programs . Callaway has stated that he had the potential story arcs for the full first season already planned before the show 's cancellation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "219a3456b45cb3d22affd1e1eb795122", "text": "Extended Data Services Extended Data Services ( now XDS , previously EDS ) , is an American standard classified under Electronic Industries Alliance standard CEA-608-E for the delivery of any ancillary data ( metadata ) to be sent with an analog television program , or any other NTSC video signal . XDS is used by TV stations , TV networks , and TV program syndication distributors in the USA for several purposes . Here are some of the most common uses of XDS : The `` autoclock '' system delivers time data via an XDS `` Time-of-Day Packet '' for automatically setting the clock of newer TVs & VCRs sold in the USA . Most PBS stations provide this service . Rudimentary program information which can be displayed on-screen , such as the name and remaining time of the program , Station identification , V-chip content ratings data . XDS is also used by the American TV network ABC for their Network Alert System ( NAS ) . NAS is a one-way communication system used by ABC to inform and alert their local affiliate stations across the USA of information regarding ABC 's network programming ( such as program timings & changes , news special report information , etc. ) , using a special decoder manufactured for ABC by EEG Enterprises , a manufacturer of related equipment for the TV broadcast industry such as closed captioning and general-purpose XDS encoders . The CBS Television Network uses a similar method to transmit three separate internal messaging services to stations : one for programming departments , one for master control operations , and one for newsrooms . Many standard definition receivers produced by Dish Network encode XDS data into their output signal . Data encoded includes time of day , program name , program description , program time remaining , channel identification , and content rating . This data is obtained from the satellite service 's EPG and replaces any data which may have been present when the signal was uplinked . XDS uses the same line in the vertical blanking interval as closed captioning ( NTSC line 21 ) , and shares the available second video field bandwidth with the closed captioning channels CC3 and CC4 , and with the text channels TXT3 and TXT4 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ef5b4bbc1956cc6ad28023a6f9639874", "text": "Rescue 911 Rescue 911 was an informational docudrama television series that premiered on CBS on April 18 , 1989 and ended on August 27 , 1996 . The series was hosted by William Shatner and featured reenactments ( and occasionally real footage ) of emergency situations that often involved calls to 911 . Though never intended as a teaching tool , various viewers used the knowledge they obtained watching the show . Two specials , titled `` 100 Lives Saved '' and `` 200 Lives Saved , '' were dedicated to these viewers who had written to CBS with their stories on how the knowledge they obtained watching the show allowed them to save the life of someone else . At least 350 lives have been saved as a result of what viewers learned from watching it . The show 's popularity coincided with the widespread adoption of the 911 emergency system , replacing standalone police and fire numbers that would vary from municipality to municipality . The number is now universally understood in the United States and Canada to be the number dialed for emergency assistance nationwide . At its height , the show was adapted in 45 countries ( with their own 911 equivalent showcased ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea51e3306ba90255fefecbe2d95992e6", "text": "Procedural drama A procedural drama is a genre of television programming which focuses on how crimes are solved or some other aspect of a law enforcement agency , legislative body , or court of law . Some dramas include a lab or conference room with high-tech or state-of-the-art equipment where the main characters meet to work out the problem . Shows usually have an episodic format that does not require the viewer to have seen previous episodes . Episodes typically have a self-contained , also referred to as stand-alone , plot that is introduced and resolved within the same episode . The procedural format is popular around the world . In 2011 , the director of a TV consultancy said , `` The continuing trend is for procedurals because they use a predictable structure . '' Due to their stand-alone episodic nature , they are more accessible to new viewers than serials . Self-contained episodes also make it easier for viewers to return to a show if they have missed some episodes . In general , procedural dramas can usually be re-run with little concern for episode order . Procedurals are often criticized for being formulaic . Procedurals are also generally less character-driven than serialized shows . However , some procedurals have more character emphasis than is typical of the format . Some may occasionally feature a storyline stretching over several episodes . A popular variant is the police procedural .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "40a6e4005ea48e95c7341ee2c912f5f5", "text": "The Code (2014 TV series) The Code is an Australian drama television program created and produced by Shelley Birse . Developed from a partnership between Playmaker Media and the Australian Broadcasting Corporation , it premiered on ABC1 in Australia on 21 September 2014 . Season 2 of The Code premiered on 1 September 2016 . The first six-part series , set in both outback and metropolitan areas of Australia , interweaves several plot lines . The first follows brothers Ned ( Dan Spielman ) and Jesse Banks ( Ashley Zukerman ) , who publish a video of a mysterious outback accident , and Hani Parande ( Adele Perovic ) , who becomes involved with them . The second follows the accident , which sees teacher Alex Wisham ( Lucy Lawless ) and policeman Tim Simons ( Aaron Pedersen ) becoming involved in the personal affairs of accused teenager Clarence Boyd ( Aaron L. McGrath ) . The third covers Ned 's journalism office , managed by Perry Benson ( Adam Garcia ) . The fourth chronicles the intrigues of Deputy Prime Minister Ian Bradley ( David Wenham ) , and political staffers Randall Keats ( Aden Young ) and Sophie Walsh ( Chelsie Preston Crayford ) while the after-effects of the accident unfold . ABC in June 2015 renewed The Code for a second season , after receiving significant funding from the Australian Capital Territory 's film fund , Screen ACT . The new series that commenced screening in 2016 , deals with fictional brothers Ned and Jesse Banks facing deportation to the United States of America to face trial in connection with security breaches . Anthony LaPaglia , Sigrid Thornton , Robyn Malcolm , and others joined the cast for the second series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64b2e9e66a890898780960c95c4da27b", "text": "J9 Series The is a trilogy of Japanese Super Robot mecha anime television series . The anime were broadcast by TV Tokyo ( TX Network ) from 1981 to 1984 , the 80 's trilogy was animated by Kokusai Eiga-sha and produced by Movie International Co.Ltd . In 2014 , a fourth series was announced to be in production for a 2016 release , with the original creative and production team reunited after 30 years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc920cd390136f1a803c3cb9350f137c", "text": "522666 '' ' 522666 '' is the fifth episode of the first season of the American crime-thriller television series Millennium . It premiered on the Fox network on November 22 , 1996 . The episode was written by Glen Morgan and James Wong , and directed by David Nutter . `` 522666 '' featured guest appearances by Sam Anderson , Hiro Kanagawa and Joe Chrest . Millennium Group consultant Frank Black ( Lance Henriksen ) is approached by the FBI when a series of bombs are detonated in Washington , DC . Black 's investigation soon reveals that the culprit seeks to be seen as a hero , setting off explosions in order to rescue people from the scenes ; leaving Black to track down the fame-hungry bomber before more people are killed . `` 522666 '' was one of many collaborations between Nutter , Morgan and Wong , with the three having worked together on several television series previously . The episode opens with a reference to existentialist philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre , and featured Henriksen performing all of his own stunts .", "title": "" } ]	fever
826b3e3a03c799031f95d50e2ebea14d	Deadpool does not star Morena Baccarin.	[ { "docid": "9ca4cbb6380d5ca7c45e75602df62702", "text": "Deadpool (film) Deadpool is a 2016 American superhero film directed by Tim Miller and written by Rhett Reese and Paul Wernick , based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name . It is the eighth installment and a spin-off in the X-Men film series , and stars Ryan Reynolds as the titular character , as well as Morena Baccarin , Ed Skrein , T. J. Miller , Gina Carano , Leslie Uggams , Brianna Hildebrand , and Stefan Kapičić . In the film , antihero Deadpool hunts the man who nearly destroyed his life while also trying to reunite with his lost love . Development began in February 2004 with New Line Cinema , but moved in March 2005 to 20th Century Fox who bought the film rights . In May 2009 , after Reynolds portrayed the character in X-Men Origins : Wolverine , to the general disappointment of fans , Fox lent the film to writers , and Miller was hired for his directorial debut in April 2011 . Enthusiastic acclaim for leaked CGI test footage by Miller in July 2014 led to Fox greenlighting the film in September . Additional casting began in early 2015 , and principal photography commenced in Vancouver from March to May . Deadpool premiered in Paris on February 8 , 2016 , and was released on February 12 in the United States in IMAX , DLP , D-Box , and premium large format . Critics praised Reynolds ' performance as well as the film 's style , faithful depiction of the titular character , and action sequences , but criticized its plot as formulaic . It received various awards and nominations , including two Golden Globe Award nominations for Best Motion Picture -- Musical or Comedy and Best Actor -- Motion Picture Musical or Comedy , and a Producers Guild of America Award nomination for Best Theatrical Motion Picture . It also won two Critics ' Choice Movie Awards for Best Comedy and Best Actor in a Comedy . The film was also a significant commercial success , grossing over $ 783million worldwide and breaking numerous box-office records , becoming the ninth highest-grossing film of 2016 , the highest-grossing R-rated film of all time when unadjusted for inflation , and the highest-grossing X-Men film . Shortly after the film 's success , Fox ordered development of a sequel scheduled to be released on June 1 , 2018 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "76f27bc047ebdb51af1644fa2812acc1", "text": "Afterlife (Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.) `` Afterlife '' is the sixteenth episode of the second season of the American television series Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. , based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D. ( Strategic Homeland Intervention , Enforcement and Logistics Division ) , revolving around the character of Phil Coulson and his team of S.H.I.E.L.D. agents as they face a rival faction of S.H.I.E.L.D. while Skye goes to Afterlife , a secret haven for people like her . It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe ( MCU ) , sharing continuity with the films of the franchise . The episode was written by Craig Titley , and directed by Kevin Hooks . Clark Gregg reprises his role as Coulson from the film series , and is joined by series regulars Ming-Na Wen , Brett Dalton , Chloe Bennet , Iain De Caestecker , Elizabeth Henstridge , Nick Blood , and Adrianne Palicki . `` Afterlife '' originally aired on ABC on April 7 , 2015 , and according to Nielsen Media Research , was watched by 4.24 million viewers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8a4994211af3096a392463c6bae114f4", "text": "Ghost Rider Ghost Rider is the name of several fictional supernatural antiheroes appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . Marvel had previously used the name for a Western character whose name was later changed to Phantom Rider . The first supernatural Ghost Rider is stunt motorcyclist Johnny Blaze , who , in order to save the life of his father , agreed to give his soul to `` Satan '' ( later revealed to be an arch-demon named Mephisto ) . At night and when around evil , Blaze finds his flesh consumed by hellfire , causing his head to become a flaming skull . He rides a fiery motorcycle and wields blasts of hellfire from his body , usually from his skeletal hands . He eventually learns he has been bonded with the demon Zarathos . Blaze starred in the series from 1972 to 1983 . The subsequent Ghost Rider series ( 1990 -- 1998 ) featured Danny Ketch as a new Ghost Rider . After his sister was injured by ninja gangsters , Ketch came in contact with a motorcycle that had somehow been mystically enchanted to contain the essence of a Spirit of Vengeance . Blaze reappeared in this 1990s series as a supporting character , and it was later revealed that Danny and his sister were Johnny Blaze 's long lost siblings . In 2000s comics , Blaze again became the Ghost Rider , succeeding Ketch . In 2013 , Robbie Reyes became Ghost Rider as part of the Marvel NOW ! initiative . Nicolas Cage starred as the Johnny Blaze iteration of the character in the 2007 film Ghost Rider and the sequel Ghost Rider : Spirit of Vengeance in 2012 . Gabriel Luna plays the Robbie Reyes version in the television series Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f9d8c1230a651134bc1b5f236d84d103", "text": "Julie St. Claire Julie St. Claire ( born Juliette Marie Capone ; June 10 , 1970 ) , is an American actress , director and producer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5c0b2966191782f220748ff4eb0a679c", "text": "Curse of the Black Widow Curse of the Black Widow is a 1977 American made-for-television horror film directed by Dan Curtis and starring Anthony Franciosa , Donna Mills , Patty Duke , Vic Morrow and June Allyson . It originally aired on ABC on September 16 , 1977 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d8d003301901788c14fa04f007ea633a", "text": "Arachnophobia (film) Arachnophobia is a 1990 American thriller-comedy film directed by Frank Marshall and starring Jeff Daniels and John Goodman . It was the first film released by The Walt Disney Studios ' Hollywood Pictures label , as well as being the directorial debut of Marshall . The film 's story centers on a newly discovered Venezuelan spider being transported to a small American town that produces a new species of deadly spiders , which begin killing the town 's residents one by one . Shooting took place in Venezuela and California and the film was released in the United States on July 18 , 1990 . It was a modest commercial success , gaining $ 53.21 million at the box office . It received generally positive reviews from critics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a435e9300baafc7623581562f4026c41", "text": "Jack Reed: Badge of Honor Jack Reed : Badge of Honor is a 1993 crime drama made-for-television film written by Andrew Laskos , directed by Kevin Connor starring Brian Dennehy , Susan Ruttan , and Alice Krige . It was the sequel to the 1992 made-for-TV crime drama Deadly Matrimony , continuing the fictional Jack Reed character in a television film series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "33e7422334fa6e7fe069b3f611299dfd", "text": "Chloe Bennet Chloe Bennet ( born Chloé Wang , April 18 , 1992 ) is an American actress and singer . She is commonly known for her role as Daisy Johnson ( formerly known as Skye ) in the ABC spy-fi series Marvel 's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6a58ce60fbc2861c452895c418a2ad2f", "text": "Brianna Hildebrand Brianna Caitlin Hildebrand ( born August 14 , 1996 ) is an American actress . She is known for appearing in the web series Annie Undocumented , and as Negasonic Teenage Warhead in the 2016 film Deadpool .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "760d9c4bb19b849a0e4d5da2c8ee0aaa", "text": "Scrawl (film) Scrawl is a 2015 independent British supernatural horror-thriller film written and directed by Peter Hearn and produced by Annabelle Le Gresley and Hearn . It stars Liam Hughes , Joe Daly , Daisy Ridley , Mark Forester Evans , Le Gresley , Nathalie Pownall , Catherine Ruddick and Derek Jones . It tells the story of two best friends , Simon and Joe , who must rewrite the happenings from the comic book , Scrawl , after realizing that the events occurred from the comic begins to happen . It is also Ridley 's film debut just before Star Wars : The Force Awakens . The film received positive reviews . As of 2016 , the film is still lining up for indie horror festivals , playing a longer version than the final cut .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "21e3ea1d34b486fc70b45102c3d909e8", "text": "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon , Jed Whedon , and Maurissa Tancharoen , based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D. ( Strategic Homeland Intervention , Enforcement and Logistics Division ) , a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes . It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe ( MCU ) , sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise . The series stars Clark Gregg , reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films , as well as Ming-Na Wen , Brett Dalton , Chloe Bennet , Iain De Caestecker , and Elizabeth Henstridge . Nick Blood and Adrianne Palicki joined the cast for the second and third seasons , while Henry Simmons and Luke Mitchell had recurring roles in the second season before being promoted to the main cast for the third . John Hannah , who recurred in the third season , joined the main cast in the fourth . Additionally , several other characters from Marvel Cinematic Universe films and Marvel One-Shots also appear throughout the series , along with other characters based on various Marvel Comics properties . Several characters from the series also appear in the supplemental digital series Marvel 's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. : Slingshot . This list includes the series ' main cast , all guest stars deemed to have had recurring roles throughout the series , and any other guest who is otherwise notable .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "00a47f45a8903ab372e4f8938ed1c815", "text": "List of accolades received by BioShock Infinite BioShock Infinite is a first-person shooter video game developed by Irrational Games and published by 2K Games . Players assume control of Booker DeWitt ( Troy Baker ) , who is sent to rescue Elizabeth ( Courtnee Draper ) from her captivity on the floating air city of Columbia . The game 's development was led by creative director Ken Levine . The game was officially announced on August 12 , 2010 , and was widely anticipated . At the Spike Video Game Awards , it was nominated Most Anticipated Game three times . Following its previews at the Electronic Entertainment Expo , the game won numerous awards , including Best of Show from several gaming publications . It was released worldwide on March 26 , 2013 for Microsoft Windows , PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 . Review aggregator Metacritic assigned the game a normalized score of 94 out of 100 , indicating `` universal acclaim '' , based on 27 and 68 reviews for the Windows and PlayStation 3 versions , respectively ; the Xbox 360 version received 93 out of 100 based on 33 reviews . Within four months of its release , BioShock Infinite sold approximately four million copies , and eleven million by June 2015 . BioShock Infinite garnered awards and nominations in a variety of categories with particular praise for its music , story , visual design , characters , and the acting of its cast . At the 17th Annual DICE Awards , the game received six nominations and went on to win two awards : Action Game of the Year , and Outstanding Achievement in Original Music Composition . The game earned four nominations at the 10th British Academy Video Games Awards , winning Original Music . At IGN 's Best of 2013 , the game garnered twenty nominations and went on to win nine awards , including Best Overall Shooter Game and Best Overall Graphics for Art Design . At the 14th Annual Game Developers Choice Awards , BioShock Infinite won Best Audio and Best Visual Art . The game received nine nominations at the Spike VGX , winning Best Shooter , Best Song in a Game and Character of the Year . At the National Academy of Video Game Trade Reviewers Awards , the game received eleven nominations , with Courtnee Draper winning Supporting Performance in a Drama . The game appeared on several year-end lists of the best games of 2013 , receiving Game of the Year wins from the Associated Press , CNN , Electronic Gaming Monthly , Entertainment Weekly , Forbes , and Games .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cf5e8fae2871834f2d6c1fada99e5dd9", "text": "Devils You Know `` Devils You Know '' is the fourth episode of the third season of the American television series Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. , based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D. ( Strategic Homeland Intervention , Enforcement and Logistics Division ) , revolving around the character of Phil Coulson and his team of S.H.I.E.L.D. agents as they work with a rival organization to hunt Inhumans . It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe ( MCU ) , sharing continuity with the films of the franchise . The episode was written by Paul Zbyszewski , and directed by Ron Underwood . Clark Gregg reprises his role as Coulson from the film series , and is joined by series regulars Ming-Na Wen , Brett Dalton , Chloe Bennet , Iain De Caestecker , Elizabeth Henstridge , Nick Blood , Adrianne Palicki , and Henry Simmons . The visual effects for guest star Chad Lindberg 's Inhuman character 's abilities were provided by FuseFX . `` Devils You Know '' originally aired on ABC on October 20 , 2015 , and according to Nielsen Media Research , was watched by 3.85 million viewers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "33aa33a7f1e1a9246fc97e673785171b", "text": "More Dead Than Alive More Dead Than Alive is a 1969 film directed by Robert Sparr and produced by Aubrey Schenck . It was filmed at Agua Dulce , California .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e3d483e6dd760880652b96bcca5bcd91", "text": "Universal Soldier: Regeneration Universal Soldier : Regeneration ( also known in some countries as Universal Soldier : A New Beginning ) is a 2009 American sci-fi action film directed and edited by John Hyams ( the son of director Peter Hyams , who previously worked with Jean-Claude Van Damme on three films , 1994 's Timecop , 1995 's Sudden Death and 2013 's Enemies Closer ; in this film Peter is the director of photography ) . The film stars Jean-Claude Van Damme and Dolph Lundgren , who both reprise their roles from the first film . It is the third theatrical installment in the Universal Soldier series . The film is a direct sequel to the original Universal Soldier from 1992 , unrelated to the two Universal Soldier television sequels that were produced in 1998 and completely ignores the events from the 1999 theatrical sequel Universal Soldier : The Return . MMA fighter Andrei `` The Pit Bull '' Arlovski stars as ` NGU ' ( Next Generation UniSol ) , a Universal Soldier of the latest type , along with fellow MMA fighter Mike Pyle as Capt. Kevin Burke . Tekken star Jon Foo appears as a cameo in the film as one of the four UniSols . The film was released theatrically in the Middle East and Southeast Asia and directly to video in the United States and other parts of the world . The film has received average to mixed reviews , but it has since developed a notable cult following .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a8ca574ece44e5e71890fe6736b6ea0", "text": "List of comics characters which originated in other media This list is for original fictional characters created for adaptations of comic books in other forms of media ( television series , films , books , games and advertising ) . It includes characters like Firestar and X-23 that were later incorporated into mainstream comics . The category does not include preexisting characters from fiction ( books , film , television , etc. ) such as Dracula , Conan or Rima that were later incorporated into comics . Characters unique to certain movies and television programs such as Rachel Dawes and Max Shreck are not included on this list because they do not have counterparts in any mainstream comic book . DC Comics : Nora Fries Gleek ( Super Friends ) Ethan Bennett Mercy Graves Gray Ghost ( fictional character ) Inspector William Henderson Isis ( DC Comics ) Inque King Tut ( Batman ) Livewire ( DC Comics ) Lock-Up ( comics ) Lionel Luthor Batman ( Terry McGinnis ) Renee Montoya Más y Menos Non ( DC Comics ) Jimmy Olsen Harley Quinn Roxy Rocket Samurai ( Super Friends ) Chloe Sullivan Ursa ( comics ) Wendy and Marvin Kristin Wells Perry White Wonder Twins Cinderblock ( comics ) John Diggle ( Arrow ) Marvel Comics : Firestar Lightwave Ms. Lion H.E.R.B.I.E. Hypnotia Iceberg Icemaster Spyke Abraham Whistler X-23 Phil Coulson Erik Selvig Melinda May Leo Fitz Jemma Simmons Antoine Triplett Anna Jarvis Other publishers : Cammy Jessica Priest Launchpad McQuack", "title": "" }, { "docid": "55f058a1b5f7e94db7a52add4333c834", "text": "Sandi Brandenberg Sandi Brandenberg is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . She is usually depicted as a supporting character and has been associated with both Deadpool and Agent X.", "title": "" }, { "docid": "601c999353b05e482bdc578bda7fd3f5", "text": "38th Saturn Awards The 38th Saturn Awards , honoring the best in science fiction , fantasy and horror film and television in 2011 , were held on July 26 , 2012 in Burbank , California . The awards are presented by the Academy of Science Fiction , Fantasy and Horror Films . The six Best Film Award categories were respectively won by Rise of the Planet of the Apes ( Science Fiction ) , Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows -- Part 2 ( Fantasy ) , The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo ( Horror or Thriller ) , Mission : Impossible -- Ghost Protocol ( Action or Adventure ) , The Skin I Live In ( International ) and Puss in Boots ( Animated ) . Rise of the Planet of the Apes and Super 8 led the winners with three each . In the television categories , Breaking Bad won three of its six nominations , including Best Syndicated/Cable Television Series . Fringe , The Walking Dead and Teen Wolf won the other Best Series Awards . Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows -- Part 2 became the first Harry Potter film to win Best Fantasy Film , for which the seven previous Harry Potter films were nominated , and only the second film of the series to win a Saturn Award , following The Philosopher 's Stone which won Best Costume in 2001 . Mission : Impossible -- Ghost Protocol also became the first Mission : Impossible film to win Best Action or Adventure Film , following the nominations of the first and third installments .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c12914bd41fcff20e9b91fdfab33c140", "text": "Ghost Rider: Spirit of Vengeance Ghost Rider : Spirit of Vengeance ( also known as Ghost Rider 2 ) is a 2011 American 3D supernatural superhero film based on the Marvel Comics antihero Ghost Rider . It is the stand-alone sequel to the 2007 film Ghost Rider and features Nicolas Cage as Johnny Blaze/Ghost Rider with supporting roles portrayed by Ciarán Hinds ( replacing Peter Fonda ) , Violante Placido , Johnny Whitworth , Christopher Lambert , and Idris Elba . The film was directed by Mark Neveldine and Brian Taylor , from a screenplay written by David S. Goyer , Scott M. Gimple and Seth Hoffman . Ghost Rider : Spirit of Vengeance was released in theaters on February 17 , 2012 in 3D and 2D . Critical reception was largely negative ; critics and fans criticized the script , CGI , and acting . Despite this , the film grossed more than $ 132 million against its $ 57 million budget . Nicolas Cage has said that he is `` done '' with the Ghost Rider films and a planned sequel was canceled . By May 2013 , the film rights to Ghost Rider had reverted to Marvel Studios and the Robbie Reyes version of Ghost Rider appears in Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cddc20dd18f3e8b71a33154c48dcda9d", "text": "Galactus Galactus is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . Formerly a mortal man , Galactus is a cosmic entity who originally consumed planets to sustain his life force , and serves a functional role in the upkeep of the primary Marvel continuity . Galactus was created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby and first appeared in the comic book Fantastic Four # 48 , published in March 1966 . Lee and Kirby had desired to introduce a character that broke away from the archetype of the standard villain , culminating in the creation of Galactus . In the character 's first appearance Galactus was depicted as a god-like figure who feeds by draining living planets of their energy , and operates without regard to the morality and judgements of mortal beings . Galactus ' initial origin was that of a space explorer named Galan who gained cosmic abilities by passing near a star , but writer Mark Gruenwald further developed the origin of the character , revealing that Galan lived during the previous universe . As Galan 's universe came to an end , Galan merged with the `` Sentience of the Universe '' to become Galactus , an entity that wielded such cosmic power as to require devouring entire planets to sustain his existence . Additional material written by John Byrne , Jim Starlin , and Louise Simonson explored Galactus ' role and purpose in the Marvel Universe , and examined the actions of the character through themes of genocide , manifest destiny , ethics , and natural/necessary existence . Frequently accompanied by a herald ( such as the Silver Surfer ) , the character has appeared as both antagonist and protagonist in central and supporting roles . Since debuting in the Silver Age of Comic Books , Galactus has played a role in over five decades of Marvel continuity . The character has been featured in other Marvel media , such as arcade games , video games , animated television series , and the 2007 film Fantastic Four : Rise of the Silver Surfer . In 2009 , Galactus ranked 5th on IGN 's list of `` Top 100 Comic Book Villains '' , citing the character 's `` larger than life presence '' as making him one of the more important villains ever created . IGN also noted `` Galactus is one of the few villains on our list to really defy the definition of an evil-doer '' as the character is compelled to destroy worlds because of his hunger .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "41cec2999472f3454147f4103b7cf73d", "text": "Edgardo Miranda-Rodriguez Edgardo Miranda-Rodriguez ( born June 21 , 1970 ) is a writer at Marvel Entertainment , Editor-in-Chief at Darryl Makes Comics LLC , Art Director/Owner at Somos Arte and Studio Edgardo creative services , and creator of `` La Borinqueña '' '' a new and original comic book character that has grown into a cultural phenomenon and a nationally recognized symbol of Puerto Rican patriotism , social justice , and equality for all . New Jersey-born and Bronx-raised , Miranda-Rodriguez considers himself , above all , a Nuyorican .", "title": "" } ]	fever
46efb224c456a7aec63ee99ae769dc70	Eminem is not an actor.	[ { "docid": "17fbd8f66111ebe82eda16aaf290921e", "text": "Eminem Marshall Bruce Mathers III ( born October 17 , 1972 ) , known professionally as Eminem ( often stylized as EMINƎM ) , is an American rapper , record producer , and actor . Eminem is the best-selling artist of the 2000s in the United States . Throughout his career , he has had 10 number-one albums on the Billboard 200 and five number-one singles on the Billboard Hot 100 . With US sales of 45.1 million albums and 42 million tracks as of June 2014 , Eminem is the second best-selling male artist of the Nielsen SoundScan era , the sixth best-selling artist in the United States and the best-selling hip-hop artist . Globally , he has sold more than 172 million albums , thus being one of the world 's best-selling artists . Rolling Stone ranked him 83rd on its list of 100 Greatest Artists of All Time , calling him the King of Hip Hop . After his debut album Infinite ( 1996 ) and the Slim Shady EP ( 1997 ) , Eminem signed with Dr. Dre 's Aftermath Entertainment and subsequently achieved mainstream popularity in 1999 with The Slim Shady LP , which earned him his first Grammy Award for Best Rap Album . His next two releases , 2000 's The Marshall Mathers LP and 2002 's The Eminem Show , were worldwide successes , with each being certified diamond in U.S. sales , and both winning Best Rap Album Grammy Awards -- making Eminem the first artist to win the award for three consecutive LPs . They were followed by Encore in 2004 , another critical and commercial success . Eminem went on hiatus after touring in 2005 , releasing Relapse in 2009 and Recovery in 2010 . Both won Grammy Awards and Recovery was the best-selling album of 2010 worldwide , the second time he had the international best-selling album of the year ( after The Eminem Show ) . Eminem 's eighth album , 2013 's The Marshall Mathers LP 2 , won two Grammy Awards , including Best Rap Album ; it expanded his record for the most wins in that category and his Grammy total to 15 . In addition to his solo career , Eminem is an original member of the Midwest hip hop groups Soul Intent and D12 . He is also known for his collaborations with fellow Detroit-based rapper Royce da 5 ' 9 '' ; the two are collectively known as Bad Meets Evil . Eminem has developed other ventures , including Shady Records , with manager Paul Rosenberg , which helped launch the careers of artists such as 50 Cent . Eminem has also established his own channel , Shade 45 , on Sirius XM Radio . In November 2002 , he starred in the hip hop film 8 Mile , which won the Academy Award for Best Original Song , for `` Lose Yourself '' , becoming the first rap artist to win the award . Eminem has made cameo appearances in the films The Wash ( 2001 ) , Funny People ( 2009 ) , The Interview ( 2014 ) and the television series Entourage ( 2010 ) .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "38c2c4b2a8ee2dabc22e6f59e4c9f5a5", "text": "E=MC² (Mariah Carey album) E = MC ² is the eleventh studio album by American singer and songwriter Mariah Carey . It was released in the United States on April 15 , 2008 by Island Records . The singer began recording the album in 2007 in Anguilla , after writing and composing most of its material during and after her 2006 Adventures of Mimi Tour . Carey worked with several notable songwriters and producers during the course of the project , including Jermaine Dupri , Bryan-Michael Cox , Stargate , The-Dream , Tricky Stewart , Scott Storch and Danja . The album revealed a more personal side of the singer , illustrated in its declarative theme of emancipation from her previous marriage , and from her personal and professional setbacks . Although it shared similar vocal production as well as an inclination to her signature pop and R&B ballads , the album also encompassed a variety of dance-oriented and uptempo styles . It was meant to be a continuation , or a second part of her tenth studio album , The Emancipation of Mimi ( 2005 ) . Carey collaborated with a number of artists on the album , including T-Pain , Damian Marley and Young Jeezy . Though considered by critics very similar to the formula its predecessor had been built on , E = MC ² included other genres she had never explored , such as reggae , and her continued recording of gospel-influenced hymns . E = MC ² was generally well received by music critics , with many complimenting the record 's broad genre influences , and musical and production styles . Some critics , however , felt that the album was too similar to The Emancipation of Mimi , and did n't offer anything new from the formula . The album debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 with opening week sales of 463,000 copies ; the highest first-week sales of Carey 's career . It opened inside the top-five on the albums chart in Australia , Canada , Switzerland and the United Kingdom . The album achieved worldwide sales of over 2.5 million copies . Four singles were commission in promotion of the album . The album 's lead single , `` Touch My Body '' , became Carey 's eighteenth chart topper on the Billboard Hot 100 , making her the solo artist with the most number one singles in United States history , surpassing the record held by Elvis Presley . Additionally , it gave Carey her 79th week atop the chart , tying Presley for most weeks at number one . It achieved strong worldwide charting , peaking within the top five of the singles charts in Italy , Japan , New Zealand , Switzerland and the United Kingdom . `` Bye Bye '' served as the album 's second release . Although hailed by critics , and expected to have achieved large commercial success , the song stalled at number nineteen on the Hot 100 , and managed to chart weakly internationally . Both the third and fourth singles , `` I 'll Be Lovin ' U Long Time '' and `` I Stay in Love '' failed to garner success in any prominent music market .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "90b3ba8e17da621f81a6cf0fb3e04635", "text": "I Need a Doctor `` I Need a Doctor '' is a single by American rappers Dr. Dre and Eminem and recording artist Skylar Grey . The song is produced by British record producer Alex da Kid , mixed by Dr. Dre , and was released for digital download through the American iTunes Store on February 1 , 2011 . Musically , `` I Need a Doctor '' is predominantly a rap song , backed by a `` spacey '' , drum-heavy production , with extra piano keys featured in the introduction and the chorus . Lyrically , the song is largely about Dr. Dre and Eminem 's close friendship , and how they have often needed and inspired each other in the past . Even though the song was leaked onto the Internet several months in advance of its release , it became a significant commercial success on its official release , particularly in the United States , where it peaked at number 4 on the Billboard Hot 100 , becoming Dr. Dre 's second highest peaking song on the chart ever , and also peaking in the upper regions of many national charts . As of October 2011 , it has sold over 2,206,000 digital copies in the United States alone .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0cc9b9a571f1ad13859c14f951c7c82f", "text": "50 Cent discography American rapper 50 Cent has released five studio albums , ten mixtapes , two video albums , four compilation albums , one soundtrack album , 76 singles ( including 26 as a featured artist ) , and 88 music videos . As of July 2014 , he is the sixth best-selling hip-hop artist of the Nielsen SoundScan era with 16,786,000 albums sold in the US . 50 Cent signed to Shady Records in 2002 and released his debut studio album , Get Rich or Die Tryin ' , on February 6 , 2003 . The album peaked at number one in the US Billboard 200 and performed well in international markets . It features the number-one singles `` In da Club '' and `` 21 Questions '' and also includes the singles `` P.I.M.P. '' and `` If I Ca n't '' . 50 Cent collaborated with American rapper Lil ' Kim on `` Magic Stick '' , which peaked at number two in the US . In 2005 , he released his second studio album , The Massacre . The album charted at number one in the US , as well as reaching the top ten on many album charts worldwide , and sold 4.83 million copies in the United States in 2005 , the second highest sales count by any album that year . The Massacre includes the US top-three hits `` Disco Inferno '' and `` Just a Lil Bit '' , and the US number-one hit `` Candy Shop '' , which peaked in the top ten of many charts worldwide . A reissue of The Massacre produced the single `` Outta Control '' , which peaked at number six in the US . In November 2005 , 50 Cent starred in the movie Get Rich or Die Tryin ' , and recorded four singles for the film 's soundtrack : the international hits `` Hustler 's Ambition '' and `` Window Shopper '' , and also `` Best Friend '' and `` I 'll Whip Ya Head Boy '' . In 2007 , 50 Cent 's third studio album , Curtis , debuted at number two on the Billboard 200 , behind Kanye West 's album Graduation , after a much-hyped sales competition between the albums . Five singles were released from the album , including international hit `` Ayo Technology '' and Billboard hits `` Straight to the Bank '' , `` Amusement Park '' , `` I Get Money '' and `` I 'll Still Kill '' . In 2009 , he released his fourth studio album , Before I Self Destruct . Music critics described the album as a return to the darker , more intense style of music that 50 Cent exhibited on many of his early mixtapes . The album charted at number five on the Billboard 200 and peaked in the top twenty of several album charts worldwide . The album features two singles : the international hit `` Baby by Me '' , which peaked at number twenty-eight in the US , and `` Do You Think About Me '' . In June 2014 , 50 Cent released his fifth studio album , Animal Ambition . All of the songs on the standard edition of the album were released as singles prior to the album being delivered to the public . His upcoming sixth studio album , titled Street King Immortal , was preceded by the release of the non-album song `` Outlaw '' , which peaked at number eighty-seven in both the US and Canada , and a free download album -- 5 ( Murder by Numbers ) -- on July 6 , 2012 . Four singles were released in promotion for Street King Immortal : `` New Day '' , `` My Life '' , which reached number two on the UK Singles Chart , `` Major Distribution '' , and `` We Up '' , but the songs were scrapped and the album is now set to be released in 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c5dd26717a6a403cb827f5ec4e1986cd", "text": "Country Grammar Country Grammar is the debut studio album by American rapper Nelly . It was released on June 27 , 2000 , by Universal Records ( who released the album after listening to demos by Nelly , before signing a record deal with the rapper in 1999 ) . The production on the album was handled by Jason `` Jay E '' Epperson , with additional production by C-Love , Kevin Law , City Spud , Steve `` Blast '' Wills and Basement Beats . Nelly contributed to all lyrics on the album , with Epperson and City Spud also contributing . The album introduced a unique Saint Louis , Midwestern sound , and introduces Nelly 's vocal style of pop-rap singalongs and Midwestern , Missouri twang . It was supported four successful singles : `` Country Grammar ( Hot Shit ) '' , `` E.I. '' , `` Ride wit Me '' and `` Batter Up '' . Its lead single , `` Country Grammar ( Hot Shit ) '' , peaked at number 7 on the Billboard Hot 100 and UK Singles Chart . `` E.I. '' charted at number 16 , number 12 and number 11 on the Hot 100 , UK Singles Chart and ARIA Singles Chart , respectively . `` Ride wit Me '' peaked within the top five on the Hot 100 , ARIA Singles Chart , Irish Singles Chart and UK Singles Chart . The album 's fourth and final single , `` Batter Up '' featuring Murphy Lee and Ali , achieved moderate chart success . Country Grammar received positive reviews , with critics praising Nelly 's vocal style and the album 's production . It topped the US Billboard 200 chart for five consecutive weeks , and the US Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums chart for six consecutive weeks . It peaked in the top five on the New Zealand Albums Chart and Australian Albums Chart , as well as the top ten on the Canadian Albums Chart and Dutch Albums Chart . The album was certified three times platinum by the Recording Industry Association of New Zealand ( RIANZ ) and Music Canada ( MC ) , denoting shipments of 45,000 and 300,000 copies , respectively . In 2016 , Country Grammar became the ninth hip hop album to be certified Diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) , denoting shipment of 10 million copies in the US . Its commercial success secured Nelly 's status as one of the most successful hip hop acts of the 2000s decade . On Billboard decade-end chart , Nelly ranked as the third most successful act of the 2000s decade , due largely to the success of Country Grammar and his follow-up album Nellyville ( 2002 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7d2ccfdb1a85788fd9729e6f267c988c", "text": "I'm Back I 'm Back may refer to : I 'm Back ( album ) , a 1998 album by James Brown `` I 'm Back '' , a song by Eminem from his album The Marshall Mathers LP `` I 'm Back '' ( song ) , a 2010 song by American rapper T.I. `` I 'm Back '' , a song by Monica from her album All Eyez on Me `` I 'm Back '' , a song by Ashley Tisdale from her album Guilty Pleasure `` I 'm Back '' , a song by Slim Thug from his album Boss of All Bosses `` I 'm Back '' , a song by The Box ( 1987 ) `` I 'm Back '' , a song by The Charmers ( 1964 ) `` I 'm Back '' , a song by Karrier ( 1984 ) `` I 'm Back '' , a song by Little Richard ( 1966 ) `` I 'm Back '' , a song by Sil Austin And His Orchestra ( 1958 ) `` I 'm Back '' , a song by Tommy Faia And The True Blue Facts ( 1968 ) `` I 'm Back '' , a song by Ile Kallio ( 1982 ) `` I 'm back '' , a variant of the Terminator 's `` I 'll be back '' phrase", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f23f0d745347bd4adab0b957cf55f98a", "text": "J. Cole discography American hip hop recording artist J. Cole has released four studio albums , one live album , one compilation album , two extended plays , three mixtapes , sixteen singles ( including nine as a featured artist ) , two promotional singles and twenty music videos . J. Cole first took up rapping in his teens , collaborating with the local Fayetteville hip hop duo Bomm Sheltuh . The Come Up , his debut mixtape , was released on May 4 , 2007 to positive reception . Following the release of The Come Up , J. Cole was contacted by American rapper Jay Z and subsequently signed to his record label Roc Nation . Cole released his second mixtape The Warm Up on June 15 , 2009 . `` Lights Please '' , the first single from The Warm Up , peaked at number nine on the United States Billboard Bubbling Under R&B / Hip-Hop Singles chart and became Cole 's first entry on a national record chart . He was later featured on `` All I Want Is You '' , a 2010 single by American R&B singer Miguel -- it peaked at number 58 on the US Billboard Hot 100 . J. Cole 's third mixtape Friday Night Lights was released on November 12 , 2010 . J. Cole released his debut studio album Cole World : The Sideline Story on September 27 , 2011 . It debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 , with first-week sales of 218,000 copies . The album 's lead single `` Work Out '' peaked at number thirteen on the Billboard Hot 100 and became a top ten hit on the Billboard Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Songs and Hot Rap Songs charts . Cole World : The Sideline Story was later certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) , while `` Work Out '' was certified two times platinum . Two more singles were released from the album : `` Ca n't Get Enough '' and `` Nobody 's Perfect '' , which peaked at numbers 52 and 61 respectively on the Hot 100 . J. Cole 's second studio album Born Sinner was released on June 18 , 2013 . Its lead single , `` Power Trip '' , peaked at number 19 on the Hot 100 and received a platinum certification from the RIAA . On December 9 , 2014 , he released his third studio album 2014 Forest Hills Drive . The album was supported by four singles : `` Apparently '' , `` Wet Dreamz '' , `` No Role Modelz '' and `` Love Yourz '' . The album also went on to sell 353,000 copies in its first week , and became the first rap album in 25 years to be certified platinum in the US with no guest appearances . The songs `` No Role Modelz '' and `` Wet Dreamz '' later received a platinum certification from the RIAA . In addition to his fourth album , Cole released three singles in 2016 : `` Love Yourz '' , `` Everybody Dies '' , and `` False Prophets '' . His album 4 Your Eyez Only was released on the second anniversary of 2014 Forest Hill Drive . 4 Your Eyez Only was certified gold before it debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 , despite having no singles upon release . `` Deja Vu '' was later given a single release after peaking at number 7 on the Hot 100 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d155668c869b39ee8be8cf74aa5f690d", "text": "D12 D12 , an initialism for The Dirty Dozen , is an American hip hop group from Detroit , Michigan . D12 has had chart-topping albums in the United States , United Kingdom , and Australia . D12 was formed in 1996 , and achieved mainstream success after Eminem rose to international fame . The original lineup consisted of the members and their alter egos . This is where Slim Shady came from . D12 released the album Devil 's Night in 2001 and D12 World in 2004 , spawning numerous hits such as `` Fight Music '' , `` Purple Pills '' , `` My Band '' , `` How Come '' and `` Shit on You '' throughout that period . Since 2006 , Eminem 's hiatus and the death of the member Proof resulted in them being less active in subsequent years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2dd9d3b2e7d7cabc2b8e8c0d6d8d2012", "text": "List of awards and nominations received by Missy Elliott Missy Elliott is an American rapper , singer-songwriter , author , record producer and actress . Missy 's debut album Supa Dupa Fly was released on July 15 , 1997 in the United States under her own label The Goldmind Inc. signed under Elektra Records . Her second album Da Real World was then released on June 22 , 1999 , followed by her third album Miss E. . . So Addictive , released on May 15 , 2001 . Under Construction was the fourth album released by Elliott , which was released on November 12 , 2002 , followed by her fifth album This Is Not a Test ! that saw a release in November 25 , 2003 , and The Cookbook , Elliott 's latest album to date , which was released on July 4 , 2005 . Throughout Missy Elliott 's career , she has received several awards and nominations . Elliott would also be noted to become the first female rapper in history to take home the award for `` Best International Video '' from VIVA Comet Media Awards for her solo debut single , `` The Rain ( Supa Dupa Fly ) '' . Elliott 's debut Supa Dupa Fly ( 1997 ) would go on to score two Grammy nominations for Best Rap Solo Performance & Best Rap Album , alongside three MTV Music Video Awards nominations for `` Best Direction in a Video , '' `` Best Breakthrough Video '' & `` Best Rap Video '' . Missy Elliott 's second album Da Real World ( 1999 ) attained a Grammy nomination for Best Rap Album . She also received an award for `` Best R&B / Soul or Rap Music Video '' by the Soul Train Awards . The album went on to go platinum making it Elliott 's second platinum album . The follow-up , Miss E. . . So Addictive ( 2001 ) , was a commercial success ; selling over 9.2 million copies worldwide making it her third consecutive platinum album . This album would attain twelve MTV Video Music Awards nominations throughout 2001 and 2002 . Additionally , the effort gained Elliott several nominations from various award shows some including , the Grammy Awards , MTV Video Music Awards , and the BET Awards . On March 27 , 2001 , Lil ' Kim , Christina Aguilera , Pink , and Mýa recorded a cover version of the LaBelle song , `` Lady Marmalade '' as a medley for the feature film Moulin Rouge that Missy Elliott wrote and produced , which topped # 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 for five weeks . `` Lady Marmalade '' scored Elliott 's first Grammy Award in 2002 for Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals . Missy Elliott 's fourth album Under Construction ( 2002 ) was certified double platinum , making it her fourth platinum album . The effort gained Elliott eight MTV Video Music Awards in 2003 , taking two awards for `` Video of the Year & `` Best Hip-Hop Video '' . The album also gained Elliott five Grammy nominations in 2004 for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group , Best Rap Album , Album of The Year , Best Rap Song & Best Female Rap Solo Performance taking an award for Best Female Rap Solo Performance . Elliott 's follow-up This Is Not a Test ! ( 2003 ) would also attain a platinum certification , as well as two MTV Video Music Awards and one MTV Music Video Japan Awards nominations . The Cookbook ( 2005 ) is Missy Elliott 's latest album to date . The effort attained three Grammy nominations in 2006 for Best Short Form Music Video , Best Rap Song & Best Rap Album . Elliott received the award for Best Short Form Music Video for her single `` Lose Control '' . The Cookbook also gained Elliott seven MTV Video Music Awards nominations , taking two awards for `` Best Dance Video '' and `` Best Hip-Hop Video '' . In 2014 , Missy Elliott became nominated for a Grammy for Best R&B Song for the featured single , `` Without Me '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "33a9611aaceab1f5fc79bb06b9e72b42", "text": "Heavy metal lyrics Heavy metal lyrics are the words used in songs by heavy metal music bands , groups and artists . Given that there are many genres of heavy metal , it is difficult to make generalizations about the lyrics and lyrical themes . In 1989 , two metal scholars wrote that heavy metal lyrics concentrate `` on dark and depressing subject matter to an extent hitherto unprecedented '' in any form of popular music . Jeffrey Arnett states that metal songs are `` overwhelmingly dominated '' by `` ugly and unhappy '' themes which express `` no hope '' for the future . Deena Weinstein has proposed one way to analyze metal song themes is loosely grouping them into two categories : the Dionysian theme ( a reference to the Roman God of wine ) , which celebrates `` sex , drugs and rock and roll '' , partying , and enjoyment of life and the Chaotic theme , which involves dark subjects such as Hell , injustice , mayhem , carnage and death . Not all metal genres fall into Weinstein 's two theme model ; for example power metal 's lyrical themes often focus on fantasy and mythology , camaraderie and hope , personal struggles and emotions , among other themes . Another exception is pop metal bands , which replaced `` gloom and doom '' themes with `` positive , upbeat '' songs about romantic love and relationships , part of their goal of appealing more to female listeners . In metal overall , the small number of metal songs about relationships are typically about unions that have `` gone sour '' long ago . The thematic content of heavy metal lyrics has long been a target of criticism . According to Jon Pareles , `` Heavy metal 's main subject matter is simple and virtually universal . With grunts , moans and subliterary lyrics , it celebrates ... a party without limits ... -LSB- T -RSB- he bulk of the music is stylized and formulaic . '' Music critics have often deemed metal lyrics juvenile and banal , and others have objected to what they see as advocacy of misogyny and the occult . During the 1980s , the Parents Music Resource Center ( PMRC ) petitioned the U.S. Congress to regulate the popular music industry due to what the group asserted were objectionable lyrics , particularly those in heavy metal songs . The PMRC used music professor Joe Stuessy to testify against metal . Professor Stuessy alleged that heavy metal songs focus on violence , substance abuse , perversion , S&M , and Satanism . Robert Walser analyzed 88 metal songs ' themes to determine if Professor Stuessy 's claims were valid . In Walser 's analysis , the dominant theme in the metal songs was `` longing for intensity '' ; he found that the negative themes described by Stuessy and the PMRC were uncommon . Jeffrey Arnett analysed the lyrics from 115 metal songs : he found that the top three messages were `` grim ... themes '' about violence , angst and protest . Metal artists have had to defend their lyrics in front of the U.S. Senate and in courtrooms . In 1985 , Twisted Sister frontman Dee Snider was asked to defend his song Under the Blade at a U.S. Senate hearing . In 1986 , Ozzy Osbourne was sued because of the lyrics of his song Suicide Solution . In 1990 , Judas Priest was sued in American court by the parents of two young men who had shot themselves five years earlier , allegedly after hearing the subliminal statement `` do it '' in a Priest song . While the case attracted a great deal of media attention , it was ultimately dismissed . In some predominantly Muslim countries , heavy metal has been officially denounced as a threat to traditional values . In countries such as Morocco , Egypt , Lebanon , and Malaysia , there have been incidents of heavy metal musicians and fans being arrested and incarcerated .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "106ae4371412686a08b197b1c094ea26", "text": "The Marshall Mathers LP The Marshall Mathers LP is the third studio album by American rapper Eminem . It was released on May 23 , 2000 , by Aftermath Entertainment , Interscope Records , and Eminem 's newly founded label , Shady Records in the United States , and on September 11 , 2000 , by Polydor Records in the United Kingdom . The album was produced mostly by Dr. Dre and Eminem , along with The 45 King , the Bass Brothers , and Mel-Man . Released a year after Eminem 's breakout album The Slim Shady LP , the record features more introspective lyricism including the rapper 's response to his sudden rise to fame and controversy surrounding his lyrics . The album sold more than 1.78 million copies in the US in its first week alone , becoming the fastest-selling studio album by any solo artist in American music history . In 2001 , the album won the Grammy Award for Best Rap Album and was nominated for Album of the Year . Eminem lost the latter to jazz-rock duo Steely Dan and their album Two Against Nature . The album was certified Diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America in March 2011 for shipping 10 million copies in the United States . By December 2016 , the album had sold over 11 million copies in the United States and more than 32 million copies worldwide . A sequel to the album , The Marshall Mathers LP 2 , was released on November 5 , 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3cf2df6efeb755f98a41bc965b2bd676", "text": "Money Ain't a Thang `` Money Ai n't a Thang '' is the second single from rapper Jermaine Dupri 's 1998 album Life in 1472 . It features rapper Jay-Z and appears as a bonus track on his album Vol . 2 ... Hard Knock Life . It is produced by Dupri , who samples `` Weak at the Knees '' by Steve Arrington for the track 's beat . It can be found on two of Jay-Z 's greatest hits compilations : Chapter One : Greatest Hits and Greatest Hits . In addition , it was nominated for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group at the 41st Grammy Awards in 1999 . The title of `` Money Ai n't a Thang '' appears as `` Money Ai n't a Thing '' on the vinyl single , but not on the CD single or any album it appears on .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "71879b0f5853cf4c8f457ac25cfeda65", "text": "The Hills (song) `` The Hills '' is a song by Canadian singer The Weeknd . It was released on May 27 , 2015 as the second single from his second studio album , Beauty Behind the Madness ( 2015 ) . `` The Hills '' was a critical success , appearing on several year-end lists . In the singer 's native Canada , the song peaked at number one . In the United States it also reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 , replacing his own `` Ca n't Feel My Face '' . The song also made the top 10 in the United Kingdom , Ireland , Germany , Australia , and New Zealand . It reached the top 20 in Denmark and Sweden while reaching the top 40 in The Netherlands , Norway , and Switzerland . A music video for the song was released on May 27 , 2015 . It was directed by Grant Singer . Two official remixes of the song features rappers Eminem and Nicki Minaj .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "efe9a95015a1e92496e94311129cd6de", "text": "Bitch Please II `` Bitch Please II '' is a song by American rapper Eminem , featuring guest vocals from American rappers Dr. Dre , Snoop Dogg , Xzibit , and Nate Dogg , taken from Eminem 's The Marshall Mathers LP ( 2000 ) . The song was written by Eminem , Dr. Dre , Snoop Dogg , Xzibit and Nate Dogg with , production handled by Dr. Dre and Mel-Man .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "939018526239596557673b751a54cbeb", "text": "Do or Die (Ant Banks album) Do or Die is the third studio album by American rapper and producer , Ant Banks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0b98cc07cc91023c9f7351797f784ed6", "text": "One More Chance (The Notorious B.I.G. song) `` One More Chance / Stay with Me ( Remix ) '' is a song written and recorded by American rapper The Notorious B.I.G. , featuring additional vocals sung by his wife Faith Evans and an uncredited appearance by Mary J. Blige . It was certified platinum by the RIAA on July 31 , 1995 and sold 1.1 million copies . The original version of the song appears on B.I.G. 's album , Ready to Die . The remix features new lyrics , a new chorus , and a different beat than the original . There is also a `` hip hop mix '' which samples Marley Marl 's `` Droppin Science '' ( featuring rapper Craig G ) . Evans was an up-and-coming R&B artist at the time . The remix , produced by the Trackmasters samples DeBarge 's 1983 song `` Stay with Me '' . The song peaked at # 2 on the Billboard Hot 100 and topped the Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Songs chart . It was the highest debuting single of all time , tying with Michael Jackson and Janet Jackson song `` Scream '' when it entered the Hot 100 at # 5 at the time . ( This record stood until later that year , when Michael Jackson 's `` You Are Not Alone '' debuted at number one . ) It remained the highest debuting single for a rap song on the Hot 100 until Puff Daddy 's tribute song `` I 'll Be Missing You '' debuted at # 1 . ( Lauryn Hill , Eminem and DJ Khaled would later equal this feat , with the former 's `` Doo Wop ( That Thing ) '' entering in the top spot in 1998 , the aforementioned with `` Not Afraid '' in 2010 and the latter with `` I 'm The One '' in 2017 . )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fb8ff94a5093a33d32c555ec74d0b7ed", "text": "Space Bound `` Space Bound '' is a song by American rapper Eminem . It was released on June 18 , 2011 as the fourth and final single from his seventh album Recovery . The song is produced by American hip-hop producer Jim Jonsin . `` Space Bound '' features samples of `` Drive '' by R.E.M. and `` Song for Bob '' by Nick Cave and Warren Ellis . The music video was shot in February 2011 by director Joseph Kahn . It features model and former pornographic actress Sasha Grey . The video was released to the iTunes Store on June 24 , 2011 . It is about a girl , played by Grey , who secretly cheats on her boyfriend , Eminem ; this turns into a violent conflict . The video shows two sides of Eminem , one who is calm and loves his girlfriend and one who is aggressive and does not . The music video received attention and controversy for a scene in which Eminem shoots himself in the head in frustration , with blood spurting from the wound .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "34b8a4098e77d60d50e91f820107cafb", "text": "Ai discography The discography of Japanese contemporary R&B singer and rapper Ai consists of ten studio albums , four compilation albums , one live album , one mix tape , ten video albums and numerous solo and collaboration singles . Ai debuted as a musician through BMG Japan in 2000 , though which she released a single album , My Name Is Ai . In 2002 , Ai switched labels to DefJam Japan , a subsidiary of Universal Music Japan , and released her second studio album in 2003 , Original Ai . In 2005 , Ai released the ballad `` Story '' , which became one of the most digitally successful songs of all time in Japan , becoming 3 × Million certified for ringtones and Million for downloads to cellphones . Ai remained with Universal until 2010 , releasing seven studio albums with the label . Ai signed to EMI Music Japan in June 2011 , and released the album Independent ( 2012 ) , led by the single `` Happiness '' . In September 2012 , Universal Music Group purchased EMI Music , leading Ai to return to Universal as an artist under the newly created EMI Records Japan sub-label .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c3176cf44d3c89776c4cff323133893b", "text": "Mafia (B.U.G. Mafia album) Mafia is the debut studio album by Romanian hip hop group B.U.G. Mafia , released September 20 , 1995 on local Bucharest-based label Amma Sound . Production for the album was handled by group member and founder Tataee , with various composers and keyboardists giving co-production . Heavily influenced by N.W.A. and Bone Thugs-n-Harmony , the album has been viewed as the pioneering record of gangsta rap in Romania . With its ever-present profanity and violent lyrics , it helped to give birth to this then-new genre of music in Romania . As hip hop music was quite new in Romania at the time , the album attracted many rock fans , who appreciated the group 's aggressive approach towards music . In spite of poor sound quality and practically no professional promotion , Mafia achieved moderate success and quite favorable reviews . The album is still known for being the third hip hop album to be released in Romania by a record label . It had 15 tracks and featured guest performances from M&G , Marijuana , Coco , Vlad `` Ben '' Blându and actress Rona Hartner . Tataee has stated that he considers the album the group 's worst release .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7b009569fc8fda3c3972a30a6cf5441e", "text": "Old Time's Sake `` Old Time 's Sake '' is a song by American rapper Eminem and is the only promotional single from his 2009 album Relapse . The song features Dr. Dre , who also produced the song .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0d097f1839f861c7029e3a70968aa669", "text": "Lists of celebrities A celebrity is a person who is widely recognized in a given society and commands a degree of public and media attention . The word is derived from the Latin celebritas , from the adjective celeber ( `` famous , '' `` celebrated '' ) . Being a celebrity is often one of the highest degrees of notability , although the word notable is mistakened to be synonymous with the title celebrity , fame , prominence etc. . As in Wikipedia , articles written about notable people does n't necessarily synonymize them as a celebrity . The following are lists of celebrities : List of actors List of African-American female models List of African-American television personalities List of American female models List of American television personalities List of Australian television personalities List of British television personalities List of celebrities on The Simpsons List of celebrity guest stars on Sesame Street List of comedians List of dance personalities List of dancers List of fashion designers List of female models List of film and television directors List of Forbes Celebrity 100 List of models List of musicians List of singers List of singer-songwriters List of sportspeople List of stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame List of stars on the London Avenue of Stars List of tattoo artists List of television presenters List of male boxers List of female boxers List of writers List of social thinkers List of wrestlers List of YouTubers", "title": "" } ]	fever
0a5e13535d4a61a551af160c451eae99	Helen Keller's teacher was also her lifelong enemy.	[ { "docid": "79f92028166df6f927d2ac5b61321f9b", "text": "Anne Sullivan Johanna Mansfield Sullivan Macy ( April 14 , 1866 -- October 20 , 1936 ) , better known as Anne Sullivan , was an American teacher , best known for being the instructor and lifelong companion of Helen Keller . At the age of five , she contracted trachoma , a highly contagious eye disease , which left her blind and without reading or writing skills . She received her education as a student of the Perkins School for the Blind where upon graduation she became a teacher to Keller when she was 20 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ba432c1cd591ff382c98b9e4268f9a1c", "text": "Helen Keller Helen Adams Keller ( June 27 , 1880 -- June 1 , 1968 ) was an American author , political activist , and lecturer . She was the first deaf-blind person to earn a bachelor of arts degree . The story of how Keller 's teacher , Anne Sullivan , broke through the isolation imposed by a near complete lack of language , allowing the girl to blossom as she learned to communicate , has become widely known through the dramatic depictions of the play and film The Miracle Worker . Her birthplace in West Tuscumbia , Alabama , is now a museum and sponsors an annual `` Helen Keller Day '' . Her birthday on June 27 is commemorated as Helen Keller Day in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania and was authorized at the federal level by presidential proclamation by President Jimmy Carter in 1980 , the 100th anniversary of her birth . A prolific author , Keller was well-traveled and outspoken in her convictions . A member of the Socialist Party of America and the Industrial Workers of the World , she campaigned for women 's suffrage , labor rights , socialism , antimilitarism , and other similar causes . She was inducted into the Alabama Women 's Hall of Fame in 1971 and was one of twelve inaugural inductees to the Alabama Writers Hall of Fame on June 8 , 2015 . Helen proved to the world that deaf people could all learn to communicate and that they could survive in the hearing world . She also taught that deaf people are capable of doing things that hearing people can do . She is one of the most famous deaf people in history and she is an idol to many deaf people in the world .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "34cefe1031788bcd465d7c893721f946", "text": "Mel and Norma Gabler Melvin Nolan Freeman Gabler ( January 5 , 1915 -- December 19 , 2004 ) and his wife , Norma Elizabeth Rhodes Gabler ( June 16 , 1923 -- July 22 , 2007 ) were campaigners against public school textbooks which they regarded as `` anti-family '' or `` anti-Christian '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d0ef81b728628170cd847a416f9eeb6", "text": "Lewis Carroll: A Biography Lewis Carroll : A Biography is a 1995 biography of author Lewis Carroll by Morton N. Cohen , first published by Knopf , later by Macmillan . It is generally considered to be the definitive scholarly work on Carroll 's ( real name Charles Lutwidge Dodgson ) life . Cohen 's approach is mainly chronological , with some chapters grouped by theme , such as those on Carroll 's religion , his love of little girls , and his guilty feelings . Cohen , a Carroll scholar for 30 years , opts to use Dodgson 's first name , Charles , throughout the work , because it `` seems most appropriate in a book dealing with the intimacy of his life '' . The book generally assumes that Carroll 's love of little girls was not just emotional but sexual -- that he was a paedophile , albeit a suppressed one . In the book Cohen writes : `` We can not know to what extent sexual urges lay behind Charles 's preference for drawing and photographing children in the nude . He contended that the preference was entirely aesthetic . But given his emotional attachment to children as well as his aesthetic appreciation of their forms , his assertion that his interest was strictly artistic is naïve . He probably felt more than he dared acknowledge , even to himself . '' While attributing the source of Carroll 's chaotic emotional life to his sexual urges , Cohen opined that they were also responsible for his creative works . Karoline Leach in In the Shadow of the Dreamchild ( 1999 ) writes that Cohen and previous biographers misunderstood the norms and customs of the Victorian era , and that Carroll 's adulation of children was not sexual but a reflection of the romanticisation of the child prevalent in that era . Contrariwise , a website set up by opponents ( including Leach ) of the tradition Carroll image , reports that while Cohen acknowledges the paedophilic nature of Carroll 's image , he `` Inexplicably he lists the numbers of intimate woman-friends that Dodgson had through his life , yet still concludes that his existence revolved exclusively around friendships with small girls ! '' Jo Elwyn Jones and J. Francis Gladstone in The Alice Companion : A Guide to Lewis Carroll 's Alice Books ( 1998 ) criticises the book for what they say is a poor treatment of Carroll 's involvement in controversies at the University of Oxford . Megan Harlan in Entertainment Weekly writes that `` This beautifully written bio never shies away from the house-of-mirrors complexity of its subject . '' An issue of Victorian Studies reported that there were issues with inconsistent references . Miles Edward Friend compares Cohen 's handling of the material to Carroll 's boat trips with the children , saying , `` With Cohen at the tiller , we are deftly guided through the flow of Carroll 's life . '' Ronald Warwick in Times Higher Education criticises Cohen 's interpretation of Carroll 's relationship with his archdeacon father ; his `` insecure grasp of 19th-century ecclesiastical history '' ; his prose , which Warwich called cliched ; and his choice to use Dodgson 's first name , which Warwick said was not used even by Dodgson 's most intimate male friends .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "33482075e32462a7ec73d8d31099d9e5", "text": "Carlos Keller Carlos Keller Rueff ( January 3 , 1898 -- February 28 , 1974 ) was a far-right Chilean writer , historian , and political figure .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e700a9680540bc1e0014e24e0e0d274", "text": "Hollywood blacklist The Hollywood blacklist -- as the broader entertainment industry blacklist is generally known -- was the practice of denying employment to screenwriters , actors , directors , musicians , and other American entertainment professionals during the mid-20th century because they were accused of having Communist ties or sympathies . Artists were barred from work on the basis of their alleged membership in or sympathy with the Communist Party USA or refusal to assist investigations into the party 's activities . Even during the period of its strictest enforcement , the late 1940s through the late 1950s , the blacklist was rarely made explicit or verifiable , but it directly damaged the careers of scores of individuals working in the film industry . The first systematic Hollywood blacklist was instituted on November 25 , 1947 , the day after ten writers and directors were cited for contempt of Congress for refusing to testify to the House Un-American Activities Committee . A group of studio executives , acting under the aegis of the Association of Motion Picture Producers , fired the artists -- the so-called Hollywood Ten -- and made what has become known as the Waldorf Statement . On June 22 , 1950 , a pamphlet entitled Red Channels was published . Focused on the field of broadcasting , it identified 151 entertainment industry professionals in the context of `` Red Fascists and their sympathizers . '' Soon , most of those named , along with a host of other artists , were barred from employment in most of the entertainment field . The blacklist lasted until 1960 , when Dalton Trumbo , a Communist Party member from 1943 to 1948 and member of the Hollywood Ten , was credited as the screenwriter of the highly successful film Exodus , and later publicly acknowledged by actor Kirk Douglas for writing the screenplay for the movie Spartacus . A number of those blacklisted , however , were still barred from work in their professions for years afterward .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cb4808eee3825d9c3d9f628d7a4ea2b8", "text": "Iris von Roten Iris von Roten-Meyer ( 2 April 1917 -- 11 September 1990 ) was a Swiss journalist , writer , feminist , jurist and a lawyer . Iris von Roten was born in Basel , Switzerland . She was the editor of the women 's paper Schweizer Frauenblatt in 1943 -- 1945 . She was a feminist , inspired by Simone de Beauvoir . She is most known for her feminist work Frauen im Laufgitter : the book received such a massive negative critic and hostility that she was blamed for the fact that the proposal of women suffrage was voted down in 1959 . On December 6th 1955 the `` Panthermantel affair '' took place . In which Iris von rotten who was stopped by police officers at 2am while on the way to her analyst . The police officers not believing that she was a lawyer took her to the police station where she was interrogated upon her refusal to comply with their questions . She later claimed that she had been arrested because she had been wearing trousers and thus the police has mistaken her for a prostitute . Feeling discriminated against , Iris went to the news in order to open a dialogue about women 's right . This incident in part inspired her to write her controversial book `` Frauen im Laufgitter '' Her book `` Frauen im Laufgitter '' evoked a negative reaction from men and women alike . Men saw her as man-hating and mocked her while the women of Switzerland saw her as a radical , and blamed her for the losing vote on women 's suffrage . They believed in gradual change and saw her as far too extreme . Von rotens daughter Hortenia has been quoted explaining the rejection saying : `` Women do not like to recognize and do not gladly admit what a lousy situation they are . '' After the negative reception of her book , she left for turkey . Not in an attempt to run from the backlash as many believed but rather seeing an opportunity to fulfill a childhood dream of travel . Once in turkey , she thoroughly enjoyed herself , being able to ignore traditional gender roles she did as she pleased . After her short stay in Turkey Von Roten returned to Switzerland having wrote a memoir during her travels which was subsequently rejected by publishers . Following her rejection , she chose to continue traveling . Iris von Roten committed suicide on September 11 , 1990 at the age of 73 . She was quoted saying `` Just as a guest has to know when it 's time to depart , a person should rise from the table of life while there 's still time . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "088cb32deadfe1f8dc6f2a86e30d9a2a", "text": "Payne Whitney Psychiatric Clinic At his death in 1927 , Payne Whitney bestowed the funds to build and endow the Payne Whitney Psychiatric Clinic ( PWC ) on the Upper East Side of Manhattan . An eight story free-standing hospital , it was immediately affiliated with Cornell University 's medical school ( now Weill Cornell Medical College or Weill Cornell Medicine ) and with the New York Hospital ( now New York -- Presbyterian Hospital ) , both of which are adjacent to PWC . Payne Whitney was a large donor to the Hospital and Medical College , and it has been an issue of long speculation why he chose a psychiatric building to be his primary naming opportunity at New York-Cornell . The poet Robert Lowell wrote of his hospitalization at Payne Whitney , Marilyn Monroe was hospitalized there in early 1961 , and Mary McCarthy based her book , The Group , on her inpatient experience . The poet James Schuyler wrote about his experiences there in the eleven-poem series `` The Payne Whitney Poems '' which appeared in the New York Review of Books , August 17 , 1978 issue . In Woody Allen 's 1979 film , Manhattan , a character named Caroline Payne Whitney Smith is featured in a comedy sketch , where she and her husband are considered `` normal folks , '' except for the fact that she is a catatonic . The Payne Whitney building itself was torn down in the early 1990s to make way for an expansion of the New York-Presbyterian Hospital over the FDR Drive . Since that time , all clinical and research services at the two primary Cornell psychiatric campuses -- in Manhattan and in White Plains , New York -- have been named after Payne Whitney . The clinic also has an outpatient and Continuing Day Treatment Program in an off-campus building at East 61st Street and York Avenue on the Upper East Side of Manhattan . Payne Whitney Clinic and Weill Cornell Medical College have been home to some of the most notable psychiatrists in the country . Currently-affiliated psychiatrists and psychologists include Jack Barchas , Robert Michels , Otto F. Kernberg , James Kocsis , George Makari , Michael Posner , William Breitbart , and Theodore Shapiro . Previously-affiliated psychiatrists include Arnold Cooper , Frederic Flach , Benjamin Spock , Gerald Klerman , Robert Millman , Louis Jolyon West , David Silbersweig , Harry Tiebout , Mary Jane Sherfey , Helen Singer Kaplan , Allen Frances , and Paul McHugh . Payne Whitney has also been the `` voluntary faculty '' home to Roy Schafer , Richard Isay , Gail Saltz , and Daniel Stern , and the recent home of such senior scholars as David A. Hamburg and Beatrix Hamburg .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9ebd3589639904873a802ebc2b1f7714", "text": "Aesopian language Aesopian language is communications that convey an innocent meaning to outsiders but hold a concealed meaning to informed members of a conspiracy or underground movement . For instance , if Person X is known for exposing secrets in an organization , the organization leaders announce that `` any members who have dirty talking habits will be dealt with '' to warn Person X . It refers to the ancient Greek fabulist Aesop . The term `` Aesopian language '' was first used by the nineteenth-century Russian writer Mikhail Saltykov-Schedrin to describe the writing technique he began using late in his career , which he compared to Aesop 's Fables . His purpose was to satirize the social ills of the time but evade the harsh censorship of late Tsarist Russia of which he was a particular target . The Soviet-era writer Lev Loseff noted that the use of Aesopian language remained a favorite technique of writers ( including himself ) under Soviet censorship . Maliheh Tyrell defines the term in the Soviet context and observes that the use of Aesopian language extended to other national literatures under Soviet rule : `` In short , this form of literature , like Aesop 's animal fables , veils itself in allegorical suggestions , hints , and euphemisms so as to elude political censorship . ` Aesopian language ' or literature is a technical term used by Sovietologists to define allegorical language used by Russian or nationality -LSB- that is : non-Russian -RSB- nonconformist publicists to conceal antiregime sentiments . Under Soviet rule , this ` Aesopian ' literature intended to confuse the Soviet authorities , yet illuminate the truth for native readers . '' According to one critic , `` Censorship ... had a positive , formative impact upon the Aesopian writers ' style by obliging them to sharpen their thoughts . '' The German-American philosopher Herbert Marcuse uses the term in his book One-Dimensional Man somewhat interchangeably with Orwellian language . In that context , `` Aesopian Language '' refers to the idea that certain usages of language work to ` suppress certain concepts or keep them out of the general discourse within society ' . An example of such a technique is the use of abbreviations to possibly prevent undesirable questions from arising : `` AFL-CIO entombs the radical political differences which once separated the two organizations . '' Within the context of politics , a term with a very similar meaning is called dog-whistle politics , which describes the use of coded language to address voters ' interests . Certain sections of the electorate will react strongly to controversial content if spoken of overtly but may not be so attuned that they notice statements that appear neutral to outsiders .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ff01405a9d2b42f7064315b31b2411da", "text": "A Courageous Fool: Marie Deans and Her Struggle Against the Death Penalty A Courageous Fool is the memoir of anti-death penalty activist Marie Deans , written by Dr. Todd Peppers and Margaret Anderson and released to the public on July 22 , 2017 . The full title of the book is A Courageous Fool : Marie Deans and Her Struggle Against the Death Penalty . The ` Courageous Fool ' title was chosen because it was a name Deans called herself . `` Many referred to her as a `` saint '' -- a label she abhorred , '' Peppers wrote in an op-ed in the Richmond Times . `` I 'm no goddam saint , '' Deans would reply . She preferred to be known as a `` courageous fool , '' someone who was too foolish and stubborn to abandon her struggle to defeat capital punishment . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c3f68c84eaf0eb755bb467e78da83819", "text": "The Frost King `` The Frost King '' was a short story about King Jack Frost written by 11-year-old Helen Keller . Keller 's teacher , Anne Sullivan , had mentioned that the autumn leaves were `` painted ruby , emerald , gold , crimson , and brown , '' and Keller , by her own account , imagined fairies doing the work . Keller wrote a story about how a cask of jewels , being transported by fairy servants , had melted in the sun and covered the leaves . As a birthday gift , Keller sent the story to Michael Anagnos , head of the Perkins School for the Blind , who published the story in The Mentor , the Perkins alumni magazine . It was picked up by The Goodson Gazette , a journal on deaf-blind education , based in Virginia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0513cd97f82b875ccfa0f8f8f5e9f5ab", "text": "Sandwich technique In foreign language teaching , the sandwich technique is the oral insertion of an idiomatic translation in the mother tongue between an unknown phrase in the learned language and its repetition , in order to convey meaning as rapidly and completely as possible . The mother tongue equivalent can be given almost as an aside , with a slight break in the flow of speech to mark it as an intruder . When modeling a dialogue sentence for students to repeat , the teacher not only gives an oral mother tongue equivalent for unknown words or phrases , but repeats the foreign language phrase before students imitate it : L2 = > L1 = > L2 . For example , a German teacher of English might engage in the following exchange with the students : Teacher : `` Let me try -- lass mich mal versuchen -- let me try . '' Students : `` Let me try . '' With this technique meaning is conveyed quickly , interference from the mother tongue ( or negative transfer ) is avoided and students can fully concentrate on repeating the foreign phrase correctly . Proponents of this technique ( notably Butzkamm & Caldwell and Dodson ) claim that this bilingual technique makes it easier to establish the foreign language as the working language of the classroom . By and by , the teacher introduces important classroom phrases in order to create a foreign language atmosphere : Teacher : `` Your job is to match the sentences -- die Sätze zuzuordnen -- to match the sentences . '' Teacher and students consistently keep track of expressions introduced so that further translations can be avoided . The teacher can also use richer and more authentic texts sooner , for instance in telling stories : Teacher : '' ... and her stepmother scolded her without mercy -- schimpfte sie erbarmungslos aus -- she scolded her without mercy ... '' Mother tongue equivalents are always and immediately given in contexts , which is a far cry from isolated vocabulary equations . By using the mother tongue skillfully , it is argued , eventually whole lessons in the foreign language only can be given .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3535254c1e1b6409606645c5fd4b7ad3", "text": "Life imitating art Anti-mimesis is a philosophical position that holds the direct opposite of Aristotelian mimesis . Its most notable proponent is Oscar Wilde , who opined in his 1889 essay The Decay of Lying that , `` Life imitates Art far more than Art imitates Life '' . In the essay , written as a Platonic dialogue , Wilde holds that anti-mimesis `` results not merely from Life 's imitative instinct , but from the fact that the self-conscious aim of Life is to find expression , and that Art offers it certain beautiful forms through which it may realise that energy . '' . What is found in life and nature is not what is really there , but is that which artists have taught people to find there , through art . As in an example posited by Wilde , although there has been fog in London for centuries , one notices the beauty and wonder of the fog because `` poets and painters have taught the loveliness of such effects ... They did not exist till Art had invented them . '' . McGrath places the antimimetic philosophy in a tradition of Irish writing , including Wilde and writers such as Synge and Joyce in a group that `` elevate blarney ( in the form of linguistic idealism ) to aesthetic and philosophical distinction '' , noting that Terry Eagleton observes an even longer tradition that stretches `` as far back in Irish thought as the ninth-century theology of John Scottus Eriugena '' and `` the fantastic hyperbole of the ancient sagas '' . Wilde 's antimimetic idealism , specifically , McGrath describes to be part of the late nineteenth century debate between Romanticism and Realism . Wilde 's antimimetic philosophy has also had influence on later Irish writers , including Brian Friel . Halliwell asserts that the idea that life imitates art derives from classical notions that can be traced as far back as the writings of Aristophanes of Byzantium , and does not negate mimesis but rather `` displace -LSB- s -RSB- its purpose onto the artlike fashioning of life itself '' . Halliwell draws a parallel between Wilde 's philosophy and Aristophanes ' famous question about the comedies written by Menander : `` O Menander and Life ! Which of you took the other as your model ? '' , noting , however , that Aristophanes was a precursor to Wilde , and not necessarily espousing the positions that Wilde was later to propound . In George Bernard Shaw 's preface to Three Plays he wrote , `` I have noticed that when a certain type of feature appears in painting and is admired as beautiful , it presently becomes common in nature ; so that the Beatrices and Francescas in the picture galleries of one generation come to life as the parlor-maids and waitresses of the next . '' He stated that he created the aristocratic characters in Cashel Byron 's Profession as unrealistically priggish even without his later understanding that `` the real world does not exist ... men and women are made by their own fancies in the image of the imaginary creatures in my youthful fictions , only much stupider . '' Shaw , however , disagreed with Wilde on some points . He considered most attempts by life to imitate art to be reprehensible , in part because the art that people generally chose to imitate was idealistic and romanticized . An example of life imitating art is that of singer/actress Miley Cyrus , whose role as the famous fictional popstar Hannah Montana in the Disney Channel sitcom of the same name gave rise to her own singing career . Hannah 's fictional popularity translated into a real-life fan-base for Cyrus as several singles credited to the character charted on the Billboard Hot 100 ( including `` The Best of Both Worlds '' , `` Life 's What You Make It '' , `` He Could Be the One '' , etc , though all of the songs were performed by Cyrus ) and when she embarked on her sold-out Best of Both Worlds Tour in 2007 , where she performed the first set of songs as Hannah Montana and the second set as herself . Cyrus ' song `` The Climb '' was the first song , credited to herself instead of the character , from an official Hannah Montana soundtrack album to become a hit single ( peaking at # 4 on the Billboard charts , making it her `` crossover song '' into mainstream pop , while Hoedown Throwdown ( off the same soundtrack album ) was her first Top 10 . Cyrus also performed several duets on the show while in-character as Hannah with real-life singers such as Sheryl Crow , David Archuleta , The Jonas Brothers , Iyaz and her real-life father Billy Ray Cyrus , as well as an unofficial duet with her real-life godmother country singer Dolly Parton .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "860d317cc4ed37d59c4904fcc26d06f2", "text": "Fifty Years of Freedom Fifty Years of Freedom : A Study of the Development of the Ideas of A. S. Neill is a 1972 intellectual biography of the British pedagogue A. S. Neill by Ray Hemmings . It traces how Homer Lane , Wilhelm Reich , Sigmund Freud and others influenced Neill as he developed the `` Summerhill idea '' , the philosophy of child autonomy behind his Summerhill School . The book follows Neill 's early life and career in rural , Calvinist Scotland and continues through the influence of his mentors , Lane and Reich , and the origins of Summerhill after World War I. Written fifty years from Summerhill 's founding , Fifty Years is a sociological and historical analysis of Neill 's ideas in the context of intellectual and educational trends both during Neill 's life and at the time of publication . Hemmings also surveyed progressive school leaders about Neill 's impact on the field , and reported their perception of influence on teacher -- pupil relations . Fifty Years was first published in England in 1972 by George Allen and Unwin , and was later renamed Children 's Freedom : A. S. Neill and the Evolution of the Summerhill Idea for its 1973 American publication by Schocken Books . Contemporary reviewers considered Fifty Years to be the best available biography of Neill . They largely praised its clarity and biographical detail and insight , but found the book 's philosophical sections comparatively weak and the author biased , as a former teacher from the school .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ef27111fa074ccd7483aa85db8fd14f6", "text": "Antagonistic contradiction Antagonistic contradiction ( Chinese language : 矛盾 ; Pinyin : Máo dùn ) is the impossibility of compromise between different social classes . The term is most often applied in Maoist theory , which holds that differences between the two primary classes , the working class/proletariat and the bourgeoisie are so great that there is no way to bring about a reconciliation of their views . Because the groups involved have diametrically opposed concerns , their objectives are so dissimilar and contradictory that no mutually acceptable resolution can be found . Nonantagonistic contradictions may be resolved through mere debate , but antagonistic contradictions can only be resolved through struggle . The term is usually attributed to Vladimir Lenin , although he may never have actually used the term in any of his written works . In Maoism , the antagonistic contradiction was usually that between the peasantry and the landowning class . Mao Zedong expressed his views on the policy in his famous February 1957 speech `` On the Correct Handling of Contradictions Among the People . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8fc33ce19e4c0a3a8c8419efbfda70e1", "text": "Logan family (historical) The Logan family is a group of Americans descended from Warren Logan and his wife Adella Hunt Logan , African Americans who were born into slavery shortly before the American Civil War . After emancipation , they established a tradition of `` education and decorum as a way to transcend racial restrictions '' . They and their descendants became part of the black elite . Warren was born into slavery in Virginia in 1857 . At emancipation he took the surname Logan . He gained an education and by 1877 worked as a teacher at Tuskegee Normal School in Alabama . As a young educated man in the period after the Reconstruction era , he pushed against social restraints imposed by white supremacists , trying with a group of friends to use their first-class train tickets between Montgomery and Selma , Alabama . They were ordered to the Jim Crow car and ejected when they hesitated to move . Logan became the first treasurer of Tuskegee Institute in 1882 , and is described as the closest confidante of institute 's head , Booker T. Washington . In 1888 Logan married Adella Hunt , also a teacher at Tuskegee . She was born in February , 1863 in Sparta , Georgia , to a free African-American mother and white farmer father . Her father maintained relations with her mother and their family of eight children . He aided Adella financially so that she could attend Atlanta University , where she graduated in 1881 . She became a teacher at Tuskegee in 1883 . Both the Hunts and Logans considered education the key to the advancement of people of color in society . Teaching English and social sciences , Hunt succeeded Olivia A. Davidson as Lady Principal when , in 1885 , Davidson married Booker T. Washington , head of the institute . Adella Hunt Logan is known as an educator and an administrator . She supported women 's suffrage , lectured at NAACP conferences and published articles in its Crisis magazine . She is also remembered for her essay , `` What Are the Causes of the Great Mortality Among the Negroes of the Cities of the South , and How Is That Mortality to Be Lessened ? '' ( 1902 ) In 1915 , she was hospitalized for depression . Learning of Booker T. Washington 's last illness , she returned to the institute . Washington died November 14 and Adella continued to struggle with depression . She committed suicide by jumping from the top floor of one of the school buildings on December 12 . Hunt and Logan had nine children ; six survived to adulthood and became educated . Arthur C. Logan ( c. 1905 -1973 ) was the youngest . He became a surgeon in New York City , and served also as personal physician to musician and composer Duke Ellington from 1937 , and to Billy Strayhorn . Strayhorn 's composition `` U.M.M.G. ( Upper Manhattan Medical Group ) '' honored Logan among the founders and partners of the ground-breaking clinic . Logan was appointed by Mayor Robert F. Wagner as first chairman of the New York City Council Against Poverty . Arthur Logan first married Wenonah Bond , also a woman of color . They had a daughter Adele Logan before their divorce . She attended the Ethical Culture Fieldston Schools in New York , as had her father . Later she earned a doctorate in history and became a professor at George Washington University . As Adele Logan Alexander , she has written extensively on African-American history , including a detailed history of her families , Homelands and Waterways , tracing their journeys from slavery . She is married to Clifford Alexander , Jr. ( born 1933 ) , who is the first African American to serve as Secretary of the Army . Their daughter Elizabeth Alexander ( born 1962 ) is a poet and professor at Yale University in literature and gender studies . She read from her work at the inauguration of Barack Obama in 2009 . Their son Mark C. Alexander is a law professor at Seton Hall University and a political organizer and aide , having served as state organizer for President Barack Obama 's first campaign in New Jersey and as an advisor . He has also worked with Mayor Cory Booker of Newark , and US Senators Edward Kennedy and Bill Bradley . Arthur Logan secondly married Marian Bruce ( 1919 - November 25 , 1993 ) , a cabaret singer and recording artist . She became politically active , working with the NAACP and serving as a Board member of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference ( SCLC ) . In addition , she was a Democratic campaign worker , and was appointed as head of the New York City Commission on Human Rights in 1977 - ' 79 . ( She appears in the documentary Duke Ellington : Reminiscing in Tempo , 1991 , American Experience , PBS . ) Arthur and Marian had one child , son Warren Arthur Logan ( born 1963 ) . In 1991 Warren Arthur Logan married Julie Lizabeth Wagman of New York City ; she is the daughter of Karen Kronenberg of New York and Martin Wagman of Roslyn , Long Island . Logan was then working as an investigator for United Claims Service , and was a partner in a company importing African art .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2562ec7be63efb967c28035e2beb4d15", "text": "Helen Dortch Longstreet Helen Dortch Longstreet ( April 20 , 1863 -- May 3 , 1962 ) , known as the `` Fighting Lady , '' was the second wife of Confederate General James Longstreet . She earned her nickname from being a champion of causes such as preservation of the environment and civil rights . She is also remembered for her work as a Confederate memorialist and postmistress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e05d39dd41a1a438805c6783786d4c30", "text": "Mary Moody Emerson Mary Moody Emerson ( August 23 , 1774 - May 1 , 1863 ) was known not only as her nephew Ralph Waldo Emerson 's `` earliest and best teacher , '' but also as a `` spirited and original genius in her own right '' ( Richardson on back cover of Origins ) . Ralph Waldo Emerson considered her presence in his life a `` blessing which nothing else in education could supply '' ( Emerson Lectures 432 ) ; and her vast body of writing -- her thousands of letters and journal entries spanning more than fifty years -- `` became one of Emerson 's most important books '' ( Richardson 25 ) . Her surviving documents reveal the voice of a `` woman who -LSB- ... -RSB- had something to say to her contemporaries and who can continue to speak to ours '' about `` the great truths that were the object of her life 's pilgrimage '' ( Cole Origins xl , xxvii ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "47e58f6add915873be421f7ddab3e43c", "text": "Charles Townsend Copeland Charles Townsend Copeland ( April 27 , 1860 -- July 24 , 1952 ) was a professor , poet , and writer . He spent much of his time as a mentor in Boston , Massachusetts , specifically at Harvard University , and also worked as a part-time theater critic . Known as `` Copey '' by many of his peers and admirers , he became known for his Harvard poetry readings in the 1930s . In her autobiography , The Story of My Life , Helen Keller paid high praise to Copley as an instructor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0756bffb7ca53b91a94573f7585dd67e", "text": "Arenia Mallory Arenia Conelia Mallory ( December 28 , 1904 -- May 1977 ) was an American educator and teacher in Mississippi , and a national political activist working for African-American education and civil rights . She gained a national reputation as president of Saints Industrial and Literary School , which she developed over 50 years from a few students in 1926 to a private K-12 academic school and junior college on 350 acres . It was affiliated with the Pentecostal Church of God in Christ , in which Mallory had been active since about age 18 . At a time of disenfranchisement of blacks , segregation , and historic underfunding of black education in the South , Mallory contributed to emerging national networks of black women and drew from them and white philanthropists to raise money for the school . Saints was instrumental in black education in Mississippi ; for many years , it was the only accredited high school for blacks in its area . It attracted students from nearly every state and from African nations due to its strong academic reputation ; over the decades , Mallory educated an estimated 20,000 students through Saints . In addition , Mallory became a national leader in the COGIC Women 's Department ; from the 1940s , she helped to create wider civic engagement of church women ; they worked for a `` sanctified world . '' Through the National Council of Negro Women , of which Mallory was a charter member beginning in 1935 and vice-president for many years , she worked for education and civil rights for African Americans . She engaged with national leaders such as Mary McLeod Bethune in the NCNW to raise funds to support her school in Mississippi and to draw women leaders into greater public life . Through Saints and her civic activities , Mallory promoted her advocacy for the mostly black and poor sharecroppers in the county and for the Civil Rights Movement .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0d8610c4ea832836c51ddc4edf90d0d3", "text": "Hidden curriculum A hidden curriculum is a side effect of an education , '' -LSB- lessons -RSB- which are learned but not openly intended '' such as the transmission of norms , values , and beliefs conveyed in the classroom and the social environment . Any learning experience may teach unintended lessons . Hidden curriculum often refers to knowledge gained in primary and secondary school settings , usually with a negative connotation where the school strives for equal intellectual development ( as a positive aim ) . In this sense , a hidden curriculum reinforces existing social inequalities by educating students according to their class and social status . The unequal distribution of cultural capital in a society mirrors a corresponding distribution of knowledge among its students .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "996b0eb4576f7fdc7231746ab88c38cd", "text": "Helen Schucman Helen Cohn Schucman ( July 14 , 1909 -- February 9 , 1981 ) was an American clinical and research psychologist from New York City . She was a professor of medical psychology at Columbia University in New York from 1958 until her retirement in 1976 . Schucman is best known for having `` scribed '' with the help of colleague William Thetford the book A Course in Miracles ( 1st edition , 1975 ) , the contents of which she claimed to have been given to her by an inner voice she identified as Jesus . However , as per her request , her role as its `` writer '' was not revealed to the general public until after her death .", "title": "" } ]	fever
60806613af141e4f8dc24b953247a56c	Alicia Keys has appeared in a 2007 American comedy-drama film.	[ { "docid": "85aaad22a9a42b4b01d040017480504e", "text": "The Nanny Diaries (film) The Nanny Diaries is a 2007 American comedy-drama film , based on the novel of the same name by Emma McLaughlin and Nicola Kraus . Written and directed by Shari Springer Berman and Robert Pulcini , it stars Scarlett Johansson , Chris Evans , and Laura Linney ; and was produced by Richard N. Gladstein .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5382e0f11b63ba7e111ec44004c9b33c", "text": "Alicia Keys Alicia Augello Cook ( born January 25 , 1981 ) , known professionally as Alicia Keys , is an American singer , songwriter , record producer , pianist and actress . Keys released her debut album with J Records , having had previous record deals first with Columbia and then Arista Records . Keys ' debut album , Songs in A Minor was released in 2001 , producing her first Billboard Hot 100 number-one single `` Fallin ' '' , and selling over 12 million copies worldwide . The album earned Keys five Grammy Awards in 2002 . Her sophomore album , The Diary of Alicia Keys , was released in 2003 , spawning successful singles `` You Do n't Know My Name '' , `` If I Ai n't Got You '' and `` Diary '' , and selling 8 million copies worldwide . The duet song `` My Boo '' with Usher scored her a second number-one single in 2004 . The album garnered her an additional four Grammy Awards in 2005 . Later that year , she released her first live album , Unplugged , becoming the first woman to have an MTV Unplugged album debut at number one . As I Am was released in 2007 , producing the Hot 100 number-one single `` No One '' , selling 5 million copies worldwide and earning an additional three Grammy Awards . The Element of Freedom was released in 2009 , becoming her first chart-topping album in the UK , and selling 4 million copies worldwide . Keys additionally collaborated with Jay Z on `` Empire State of Mind '' as her fourth number-one single , and won Best Rap/Sung Collaboration in 2010 . Girl on Fire was released in 2012 as her fifth Billboard 200 topping album , spawning the successful title track . Her second live album , VH1 Storytellers was released in 2013 . Here was released in 2016 , becoming her seventh R&B / Hip-Hop chart topping album Keys has won numerous awards such as 15 Grammy Awards and 17 NAACP Image Awards and has sold over 35 million albums and 30 million singles worldwide . Keys made her film debut in Smokin ' Aces and has also appeared in The Nanny Diaries and The Secret Life of Bees . Considered a pop icon , Billboard magazine named her the top R&B artist of the 2000s decade and placed her number 10 on their list of Top 50 R&B / Hip-Hop Artists of the Past 25 Years . VH1 included her on their 100 Greatest Artists of All Time list , while Time named her in their 100 list of most influential people in 2005 and 2017 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "26e903fb2c5ace06ed05c5a4d7ea761a", "text": "Area Boys (film) Area Boys is a 2007 Nigerian film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "04682e02c4e4c10ef7f2123d7e529c09", "text": "Confessions of a Gambler Confessions of a Gambler is a 2007 film that depicts a woman 's struggles in life , and how she turns to gambling and later becomes addicted . It is based on a true story and is written by the lead actor , Rayda Jacobs . The book on which it is based won The Sunday Times Fiction Prize in 2004 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b9eca3333c481170404cf0ac21c78f50", "text": "Fire Serpent Fire Serpent is a 2007 Sci Fi Channel film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "576767220a7a7999fa05b01cd54cab43", "text": "Aloha (film) Aloha is a 2015 American romantic comedy-drama film written , produced and directed by Cameron Crowe . The film , starring Bradley Cooper , Emma Stone , Rachel McAdams , Bill Murray , John Krasinski , Danny McBride , and Alec Baldwin , was released on May 29 , 2015 . The film received negative reviews from critics , and has grossed only $ 26 million against a budget of $ 37 million , making the film a box office bomb .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4df38fab86864ae21c18b3a17f91d3fd", "text": "Game of Life (film) Game of Life ( originally known as Oranges ) is a 2007 film drama starring Tom Sizemore , Tom Arnold , Heather Locklear and Jill Hennessy . The film was not fully released until 2011 , when it was released under the new title Game of Life .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "57a4179df61e794bc018be111d756bff", "text": "Kings of South Beach Kings of South Beach is a film written by Nicholas Pileggi about an infamous operator of nightclubs in the South Beach section of Miami Beach , Florida . The lead character is portrayed by Jason Gedrick ; his best friend is portrayed by Donnie Wahlberg . The film premiered on March 12 , 2007 on the A&E Network .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "39dda2129219fd4d8a2ba92d42a819cd", "text": "Enough (film) Enough is a 2002 American thriller film directed by Michael Apted . The movie is based on the 1998 novel Black and Blue , by Anna Quindlen , which was a New York Times bestseller . It stars Jennifer Lopez as Slim , an abused wife who learns to fight back . Enough garnered generally negative reviews from film critics , although several aspects of the film including the actors ' performances were praised .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ba613f2c0282b87e4ac1f9b3ad1c95b", "text": "Honeydripper (film) Honeydripper is a 2007 American musical drama film written and directed by John Sayles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "edf0774d41bd4849af43040ad24926ae", "text": "Un-Thinkable (I'm Ready) `` Un-Thinkable ( I 'm Ready ) '' is a song by American singer-songwriter Alicia Keys from her fourth studio album The Element of Freedom ( 2009 ) . It was initially scheduled to be the fifth single , but it was released as the fourth single . It was her first single to reach number one on the R&B chart in the United States since 2007 's `` Like You 'll Never See Me Again '' . `` Un-Thinkable ( I 'm Ready ) '' spent twelve consecutive weeks atop the Billboard Hot R&B / Hip-Hop , the longest-running number-one single of 2010 , when the single was in its 12th week on top of the chart , Keys has completed a total of 54 weeks at # 1 on the chart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c8c0ef2706df68f3cf81fe0d1a4afadd", "text": "Tick Tock Lullaby Tick Tock Lullaby is a British indie comedy-drama film of 2007 written and directed by Lisa Gornick .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "36b471d3a22225333473172123af5d1e", "text": "South of Pico South of Pico is a 2007 drama film written and directed by Ernst Gossner set in Los Angeles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "084f15f97fd0e32b8cc29bfb2b228f7c", "text": "The Third Nail The Third Nail is a drama crime film directed by Kevin Lewis , starring Huntley Ritter , Krista Allen , Charles S. Dutton and Chloë Grace Moretz . It was released on February 8 , 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "57bef8f8c913443a22a19624f76025d5", "text": "The Fighting Temptations The Fighting Temptations is a 2003 American musical comedy-drama film directed by Jonathan Lynn , written by Elizabeth Hunter and Saladin K. Patterson , and distributed by Paramount Pictures and MTV Films . The main plot revolves around Darrin Hill ( Cuba Gooding Jr. ) who travels to his hometown of Monte Carlo , Georgia as he attempts to revive a church choir in order to enter a gospel competition with the help of a beautiful lounge singer , Lilly ( Beyoncé ) , with whom he falls in love . Through the choir 's music , Darrin brings the church community back together all the while seeking a relationship with Lilly . The film is notable for its soundtrack and ensemble cast . The film received mixed reviews upon release .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8ac480e72d98d996cafb5f5971da2660", "text": "House of Fears House of Fears is a 2007 horror film , directed by Ryan Little . It stars Corri English , Sandra McCoy , Michael J. Pagan , Corey Sevier and Alice Greczyn . The film was released Direct-to-DVD on April 27 , 2009 in the UK . The DVD release in the United States was distributed by Your Indie Films . The movie features a cameo from American actor Jared Padalecki .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7632d0751c8d95ecd63b92816c61e785", "text": "Torch Song (1993 film) Torch Song ( also known as Judith Krantz 's Torch Song ) is a 1993 made-for-television drama film directed by Michael Miller , starring Raquel Welch , Jack Scalia and Alicia Silverstone . The film originally premiered on ABC on May 23 , 1993 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d32471643b59624b8a852788e4f65aad", "text": "Seven Keys to Baldpate Seven Keys to Baldpate may refer to : Seven Keys to Baldpate , a novel by Earl Derr Biggers Seven Keys to Baldpate ( play ) , a 1913 play by George M. Cohan based on the novel Seven Keys to Baldpate ( 1916 film ) , a 1916 Australian silent film Seven Keys to Baldpate ( 1917 film ) , a 1917 American silent mystery/thriller film Seven Keys to Baldpate ( 1925 film ) , a lost 1925 silent film Seven Keys to Baldpate ( 1929 film ) , a 1929 sound film Seven Keys to Baldpate ( 1935 film ) , a 1935 film based on the play Seven Keys to Baldpate ( 1947 film ) , a 1947 film based on the play", "title": "" }, { "docid": "189a42bb3598f6af1fa9c21937368792", "text": "Koizora (film) is a 2007 film based on a cell phone novel of the same name . The film is directed by Natsuki Imai and it stars Yui Aragaki and Haruma Miura . Koizora debuted at the Japanese box office on 3 November 2007 . It grossed a total of US$ 36,684,020 in both Japanese and international box offices .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bd852971cc9207b09ec8904bdad0f7f7", "text": "Unplugged (Alicia Keys album) Unplugged is the first live album ( third overall ) by American recording artist Alicia Keys . It was recorded as part of the television program MTV Unplugged on July 4 , 2005 at the Brooklyn Academy of Music in Brooklyn , New York City , and released in the United States on October 11 , 2005 by J Records , including songs from her multi-platinum albums Songs in A Minor and The Diary of Alicia Keys . The album debuted on the US Billboard 200 chart at number one , with first-week sales of 196,000 copies in the US . and over 245,000 copies worldwide -- the highest debut for an MTV Unplugged album since Nirvana 's 1994 MTV Unplugged in New York and the first Unplugged by a female artist to debut at number one . The album has sold over one million copies in the United States and over 2.5 million copies worldwide . Additionally , it received four nominations for the 2006 Grammy Awards , including Best R&B Album . The first single released from the album was `` Unbreakable '' , which peaked at number thirty-four on the US Billboard Hot 100 and number four on the US Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Songs . The second single , `` Every Little Bit Hurts '' , was released in January 2006 . The video premiered on January 17 on BET 's 106 & Park . The album and DVD includes songs from her multi-platinum albums Songs in A Minor and The Diary of Alicia Keys .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a7512ebb030fc56583a0f553f03dd4c4", "text": "Enchanted (film) Enchanted is a 2007 American live-action/animated musical fantasy romantic comedy film , produced by Walt Disney Pictures with New York Academy Barry Sonnenfeld and Josephson Entertainment . Written by Bill Kelly and directed by Kevin Lima , the film stars Amy Adams , Patrick Dempsey , James Marsden , Timothy Spall , Idina Menzel , Rachel Covey , and Susan Sarandon . The plot focuses on Giselle , an archetypal Disney Princess , who is forced from her traditional animated world of Andalasia into the live-action world of New York City . Enchanted was the first Disney film to be distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures , instead of Buena Vista Pictures Distribution . The film is both a homage to , and a self-parody of , Disney 's animated features , making numerous references to Disney 's past works through the combination of live-action filmmaking , traditional animation , and computer-generated imagery . It marks the return of traditional animation to a Disney feature film after the company 's decision to move entirely to computer animation in 2004 . Composer Alan Menken and lyricist Stephen Schwartz , who had written songs for previous Disney films , produced the songs of Enchanted , with Menken also composing its score . The animation sequences were produced at James Baxter Animation in Pasadena . Filming of the live action segments took place around New York City . It premiered on October 20 , 2007 , at the London Film Festival before its wide release on November 21 , 2007 , in the United States . Enchanted was well-received critically , established Adams as a leading lady , and earned more than $ 340 million worldwide at the box office . It won three Saturn Awards , including Best Fantasy Film and Best Actress for Adams . Enchanted also received two nominations at the 65th Golden Globe Awards and three Best Original Song nominations at the 80th Academy Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bd5fc4f594126000105295f0bcff62bb", "text": "Boystown (film) Boystown ( Chuecatown , for Chueca , a gay neighborhood in Madrid ) is a 2007 Spanish comedy film directed by Juan Flahn .", "title": "" } ]	fever
b48ee2abf3e19342c4f07a402ce6cae3	Purple Haze was only released by the Beatles.	[ { "docid": "62930c2901334dd92f5721da9aa8e006", "text": "Purple Haze `` Purple Haze '' is a song written by Jimi Hendrix and released as the second record single by the Jimi Hendrix Experience on March 17 , 1967 . As a record chart hit in several countries and the opening number on the Experience 's debut American album , it was many people 's first exposure to Hendrix 's psychedelic rock sound . The song features his inventive guitar playing , which uses the signature Hendrix chord and a mix of blues and Eastern modalities , shaped by novel sound processing techniques . Because of ambiguities in the lyrics , listeners often interpret the song as referring to a psychedelic experience , although Hendrix described it as a love song . `` Purple Haze '' is one of Hendrix 's best-known songs and appears on many Hendrix compilation albums . The song featured regularly in concerts and each of Hendrix 's group configurations issued live recordings . It was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame and is included on lists of the greatest guitar songs , including at number two by Rolling Stone and number one by Q magazine .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "3d388eab65deff90e90366aa29586a40", "text": "It's Only Love `` It 's Only Love '' is a song written mostly by John Lennon , and credited to Lennon -- McCartney . It was first released by the Beatles in 1965 , on the Help ! album in the United Kingdom , and on the Rubber Soul album in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7ca01053d3f9cad2671b895cee50e328", "text": "The Beatles' 1965 UK tour The Beatles ' 1965 tour of the United Kingdom was a concert tour that took place between 3 and 12 December 1965 , comprising 18 shows at nine venues across England , Scotland and Wales . It coincided with the release of the Beatles ' studio album Rubber Soul and their double A-side single `` Day Tripper '' / `` We Can Work It Out '' , and was the final UK tour undertaken by the band . Weary of Beatlemania , the group conceded to do the tour but refused to also perform a season of Christmas concerts as they had done over the 1963 -- 64 and 1964 -- 65 holiday seasons .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bf0787d048a81874ef019f9cfd974c01", "text": "Deep Purple in Concert Deep Purple in Concert is a live album by the English hard rock band Deep Purple , recorded by the BBC for their `` In Concert '' live series in 1970 and 1972 . First released in 1980 in the UK , with the current US edition being made available in 2001 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8b0b1041bcb60cf3075268aecfab44ce", "text": "Hey Jude `` Hey Jude '' is a song by the English rock band the Beatles , written by Paul McCartney and credited to Lennon -- McCartney . The ballad evolved from `` Hey Jules '' , a song McCartney wrote to comfort John Lennon 's son , Julian , during his parents ' divorce . `` Hey Jude '' begins with a verse-bridge structure incorporating McCartney 's vocal performance and piano accompaniment ; further instrumentation is added as the song progresses . After the fourth verse , the song shifts to a fade-out coda that lasts for more than four minutes . `` Hey Jude '' was released in August 1968 as the first single from the Beatles ' record label Apple Records . More than seven minutes in length , it was at the time the longest single ever to top the British charts . It also spent nine weeks at number one in the United States , the longest for any Beatles single . `` Hey Jude '' tied the `` all-time '' record , at the time , for the longest run at the top of the US charts . The single has sold approximately eight million copies and is frequently included on professional critics ' lists of the greatest songs of all time . In 2013 , Billboard named it the 10th biggest song of all time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "35ea72822fcc112c787f47d5d37daaff", "text": "The Beatles (TV series) The Beatles is an American animated television series featuring representations of the popular English rock band of the same name . It ran from 1965 to 1969 on ABC in the U.S. ( only 1965 to 1967 was first run ; later transmissions were reruns ) . The series debuted on September 25 , 1965 and ended on September 7 , 1969 . A total of 39 episodes were produced . The series was shown on Saturday mornings at 10:30 AM EST until the 1967 third season when it was moved to 12:00 PM EST. . For the fourth season , which consisted of reruns , the series was shown at 9:30 AM EST on Sunday mornings . Each episode has a name of a Beatles song , so the story is based on its lyrics and it is also played at some time in the episode . The original series was rebroadcast in syndication by MTV in 1986 and 1987 and on the Disney Channel beginning in 1989 on Fridays at 5 PM . The series was a historical milestone as the first weekly television series to feature animated versions of real , living people .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3b403484521a5e879481e0f2ce9acd3e", "text": "The Beatles' Christmas records The Beatles ' Christmas records were spoken and musical messages from English rock group The Beatles that were posted out on flexi disc at Christmas time to members of their official fan-clubs in the United Kingdom and the United States . One such record was issued each year from 1963 to 1969 and an LP compilation of all seven in 1970 . Conceived as a means to appease fan-club members whose letters , due to their sheer volume , were not always being answered in a timely manner , the records included the Beatles ' messages of thanks to `` loyal Beatle people '' , along with skits , Christmas carols , and original compositions . None of the original recordings has ever been subject to general release , though a version of `` Christmas Time ( Is Here Again ) '' , an original composition which appeared in edited form on the 1967 record , eventually gained an official release in 1995 , as part of The Beatles Anthology project .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e33dacfc1e536b51c4cca24199c2993e", "text": "A Hard Day's Night (film) A Hard Day 's Night is a 1964 British musical comedy film directed by Richard Lester and starring the Beatles -- John Lennon , Paul McCartney , George Harrison , and Ringo Starr -- during the height of Beatlemania . It was written by Alun Owen and originally released by United Artists . The film portrays several days in the lives of the group . The film was a financial and critical success . Time magazine rated it as one of the all-time great 100 films . British critic Leslie Halliwell described it as a `` comic fantasia with music ; an enormous commercial success with the director trying every cinematic gag in the book '' and awarded it a full four stars . The film is credited as being one of the most influential of all musical films , inspiring numerous spy films , the Monkees ' television show and pop music videos .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6984ceab56e94097680ae48572c70f9d", "text": "What Goes On (Beatles song) `` What Goes On '' is a song by the Beatles , featured as the eighth track on their sixth British album Rubber Soul . The song was later released as the B-side of the US single `` Nowhere Man '' , and then as the tenth track on the North America-only album Yesterday and Today . It is the only song by the band credited to Lennon -- McCartney-Starkey .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "999677de8cee7065b32598806022f793", "text": "Bad to Me `` Bad to Me '' is a song credited to Lennon -- McCartney . In late interviews , John Lennon said that he wrote it for Billy J. Kramer with The Dakotas while on holiday in Spain . However , in a 1964 interview he said that he and Paul McCartney wrote it in the back of a van , so Paul contributed to it . Billy J. Kramer with The Dakotas released their recording of the song in 1963 and it became their first number 1 in the UK Singles Chart . Paul McCartney was present during the recording session at Abbey Road Studios . The single would be released in the US the following year , and become a top-ten hit there , reaching number 9 . It became one of the first occasions a Lennon -- McCartney composition made the US Top 40 recorded by an artist other than the Beatles ( the first being `` A World Without Love '' by Peter & Gordon ; another being `` Goodbye '' by Mary Hopkin ) . Bootlegs exist of Lennon 's original demo of the song , which was recorded on 31 May 1963 . An acoustic demo from the same era was released on iTunes in December 2013 on the album The Beatles Bootleg Recordings 1963 . Terry Black released a version of the song on his 1965 debut album , Only 16 . Graham Parker recorded a version of the song for the 2003 album Lost Songs of Lennon & McCartney , new versions of 17 Lennon -- McCartney songs that were originally released by other artists . Leif Garrett also recorded a version of the song for his self-titled debut album . Finnish rock band Hurriganes covered this song in their third album , Crazy Days . Recordings of `` Bad to Me '' as the Beatles may have performed it are available on the 1989 album by Bas Muys entitled Secret Songs : Lennon & McCartney and on the 1998 release It 's Four You by the Australian tribute band The Beatnix .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "49585150bf88fcdb2ab48e3edaa6abc1", "text": "Stuart Sutcliffe Stuart Fergusson Victor Sutcliffe ( 23 June 1940 -- 10 April 1962 ) was a British painter and musician best known as the original bass guitarist for the Beatles . Sutcliffe left the band to pursue his career as a painter , having previously attended the Liverpool College of Art . Sutcliffe and John Lennon are credited with inventing the name , `` Beetles '' , as they both liked Buddy Holly 's band , the Crickets . The band used this name for a while until Lennon decided to change the name to `` the Beatles '' , from the word beat . As a member of the group when it was a five-piece band , Sutcliffe is one of several people sometimes referred to as the `` Fifth Beatle '' . When he performed with the Beatles in Hamburg , he met photographer Astrid Kirchherr , to whom he was later engaged . After leaving the Beatles , he enrolled in the Hamburg College of Art , studying under future pop artist Eduardo Paolozzi , who later wrote a report stating that Sutcliffe was one of his best students . Sutcliffe earned other praise for his paintings , which mostly explored a style related to abstract expressionism . While studying in Germany , Sutcliffe began experiencing severe headaches and acute sensitivity to light . In April 1962 , he collapsed in the middle of an art class after complaining of head pains . German doctors performed various checks , but were unable to determine the exact cause of his headaches . On 10 April 1962 , he was taken to the hospital , but died in the ambulance on the way . The cause of death was later revealed to have been an aneurysm in his brain 's right hemisphere .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "24eb0cce6cf6fd8c34eb1ea959aec17a", "text": "Come and Get It: The Best of Apple Records Come and Get It : The Best of Apple Records is a greatest hits compilation album containing songs by artists signed to the Beatles ' Apple record label between 1968 and 1973 . The first such multi-artist Apple compilation , it was released on 25 October 2010 . Among the artists are Badfinger , Mary Hopkin , James Taylor , Billy Preston , Jackie Lomax , Ronnie Spector and Hot Chocolate . In most cases , the recordings were produced by one of the Beatles , with George Harrison and Paul McCartney being the most heavily represented on the album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d54420e0943b7c2a94fb7c7a3beeaa7", "text": "Nobody's Perfect (Deep Purple album) Nobody 's Perfect is a live album released in 1988 by the British rock band Deep Purple . It was recorded during the tour in support of The House of Blue Light in 1987 in Europe and the US . The outer sleeve photography was designed by Aubrey Powell of Hipgnosis . Track transitions are marked by fades . It also contains a new live in studio version of `` Hush '' to commemorate their 20th anniversary . `` Black Night '' was also re-recorded but never released . `` Hard Lovin ' Woman '' includes parts of `` Under the Gun '' during Blackmore 's guitar solo . `` Strange Kind of Woman '' includes the `` Superstar '' chorus from Jesus Christ Superstar . `` Woman from Tokyo '' changes into `` Everyday '' by Buddy Holly halfway through . The album represented Deep Purple 's setlist at the time , which consisted much of the typical Made in Japan set , combined with newer material from the 1984 reunion album Perfect Strangers and The House of Blue Light . Songs such as `` The Unwritten Law '' and `` Difficult to Cure '' ( which included an extended-riff from Beethoven 's Ninth Symphony , 4th Movement ) were played every night on the tour , but were not included on this album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d92b2cd291824a03c2b20bf4d8a85a2", "text": "We Can Work It Out `` We Can Work It Out '' is a song by the English rock band the Beatles , written by Paul McCartney and John Lennon . It was first issued as a double A-side single with `` Day Tripper '' in December 1965 . The release marked the first time that both tracks on a Beatles single were designated as joint A-sides . The song was recorded during the sessions for the band 's Rubber Soul album . `` We Can Work It Out '' is a comparatively rare example of a Lennon -- McCartney collaboration from this period in the Beatles ' career , in that it recalls the level of collaboration the two songwriters had shared when writing the group 's hit singles of 1963 . This song , `` A Day in the Life '' , `` Baby , You 're a Rich Man '' and `` I 've Got a Feeling '' , are among the notable exceptions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3722301fe86dd9b5044bfd55b93192ac", "text": "Atlantic Records 40th Anniversary On May 14 , 1988 , the Atlantic Records label held its 40th Anniversary Celebration by staging a non-stop concert lasting almost 13 hours at Madison Square Garden , New York . The event was dubbed `` It 's Only Rock And Roll '' . Only artists who had released material on the Atlantic label in the United States performed , with the artists spanning the 40 years of the company 's existence . Lavern Baker and Ruth Brown were the longest tenured Atlantic acts to perform , while Debbie Gibson was the most recent Atlantic signing to make an appearance at the event . Some Atlantic signings , who had either officially split up or who had not performed together for a number of years , re-formed especially to perform at the concert . These artists included The Rascals , Iron Butterfly , and the former members of Led Zeppelin . Other notable performers included Yes , Genesis , Crosby , Stills & Nash , Keith Emerson and Carl Palmer ( representing Emerson , Lake & Palmer ) , Foreigner , Paul Rodgers , Bob Geldof , Booker T. Jones , Wilson Pickett , The Coasters , The Spinners , Peabo Bryson , The Blues Brothers ( featuring Dan Aykroyd and Sam Moore ) , Roberta Flack , The Manhattan Transfer , Bee Gees , Ben E. King and Vanilla Fudge . There had been plans to close the performance with a greatest hits all-star jam , but this idea was shelved . Instead , the former members of Led Zeppelin performed as the last act . The concert was broadcast live in the US on FM radio and HBO television , commentary for the latter being provided backstage by comedian Robert Townsend . HBO commenced its live broadcast a few hours into the event and interspersed footage of the concert which had been taped earlier by the network . In so doing , some of the artists ' sets were edited or omitted . An edited version aired later that year on ABC hosted by Robert Hays . Several banners heralding the reunion of Led Zeppelin band members were displayed like tapestry by excited fans , but , to their dismay , were taken down before HBO went with their live feed . The Audio was recorded by David Hewitt and Stanley Johnston on the Record Plant Black Truck . In the United Kingdom the event was broadcast over a period of four weeks by BBC 2 , presented as hour-long episodes . Atlantic Records later released this production on video under the title Atlantic Records 40th Anniversary : It 's Only Rock 'n' Roll . The release intercut concert footage with highlights from earlier performances , as well as older footage from the Atlantic archives .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f76f4906dda1db8ce68965a412b9f729", "text": "Lazy (Deep Purple song) `` Lazy '' is a song by Deep Purple from their 1972 album Machine Head . A live performance of the song can be found on the album Made in Japan , released later the same year . The song starts out as an instrumental , keyboardist Jon Lord plays an overdriven Hammond organ intro , followed by the main riff and with the solo swapping between him and guitarist Ritchie Blackmore . Vocalist Ian Gillan comes in with the vocals later in the song . He also uses harmonica both on the studio version and live . At over 7 minutes long , it is the longest track on the album , and live versions were often extended past 10 minutes . The live version on Made in Japan features a theme from Hugo Alfvén 's `` Swedish Rhapsody # 1 '' , played by Ritchie Blackmore as a part of his solo . Additionally , Jon Lord includes the riff from the C Jam Blues in the intro . Ritchie Blackmore would sometimes include the main riff from `` Lazy '' in live performances of the song `` Man on the Silver Mountain '' by Rainbow . Gillan defined the song as rhythm and blues . Later live performances after the band 's reunion in 1984 tended to be much shorter , cutting out the intro and one of the verses . However , more recent performances with Steve Morse have gone back to the original arrangement . Readers of Guitar World voted `` Lazy '' the 74th greatest guitar solo of all time . Sections of this song were often used in Australia on the Channel 9 Wide World of Sports program when cutting to an ad . Jesse Gress , writing for Guitar Player magazine , noted that Ritchie Blackmore 's `` bluesy head to ` Lazy ' ( from Deep Purple 's Machine Head ) fondly paraphrases Slowhand 's -LSB- Clapton 's -RSB- Bluesbreaker-era showcase ` Steppin ' Out ' right down to the same style of third-position swing-sixteenth G blues riffing '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "85451079cf7eb261b00008f404bf4d65", "text": "Smoke on the Water `` Smoke on the Water '' is a song by the English rock band Deep Purple . It was first released on their 1972 album Machine Head . In 2004 , the song was ranked number 434 on Rolling Stone magazine 's list of the 500 greatest songs of all time , ranked number 4 in Total Guitar magazine 's Greatest Guitar Riffs Ever , and in March 2005 , Q magazine placed `` Smoke on the Water '' at number 12 in its list of the 100 greatest guitar tracks . Watchmojo.com ranked it number 5 on the Top 10 Guitar Riffs of All Time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f6449847a601fc0724665f5d63ee3908", "text": "Blue Wild Angel: Live at the Isle of Wight Blue Wild Angel : Live at the Isle of Wight is a posthumous live album by Jimi Hendrix released on November 12 , 2002 . The album documents Hendrix 's last U.K. live performance at the Isle of Wight Festival on August 31 , 1970 , three weeks before his death . The set list for the concert contained songs from the original Experience albums , as well as new songs . Some were previously available on Isle of Wight ( 1971 ) and Live Isle of Wight '70 ( 1991 ) . Included in the set was an adaptation of `` God Save the Queen '' and a cover of The Beatles ' `` Sgt. Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band '' , played just before launching into `` Spanish Castle Magic '' . The 22-minute version of `` Machine Gun '' includes walkie-talkie interference from security personnel feeding through the sound equipment . The CD set is more complete than the DVD release as it contains `` Midnight Lightning '' , `` Hey Baby ( New Rising Sun ) '' , and `` Hey Joe '' , three songs omitted from the DVD . There was also a `` highlights '' album released as a single disc , which contained eleven songs -- nine from disc one and two from disc two . It was re-released in 2003 as a three-disc `` Deluxe Sound & Vision Edition '' in a special box and slip cover format as part of Experience Hendrix 's plan to re-release most of Jimi Hendrix 's recorded material .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8f15aa6b5988fd5bcb0062e5a765c828", "text": "Tell Me Why (Beatles song) `` Tell Me Why '' is a song by English rock band the Beatles from their album A Hard Day 's Night . In North America , it was released on both the American version of A Hard Day 's Night and the album Something New . Credited to Lennon -- McCartney , it was written by John Lennon in either Paris or New York City and recorded in eight takes on 27 February 1964 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc537674f91ab1f4ccea2d59ac584b65", "text": "Classic Albums Live Classic Albums Live is a concert series based in Toronto , Ontario , in which musicians perform a classic rock album in its entirety . The series was founded in 2003 by Craig Martin , a musician who had previously produced a series of boutique cabaret shows as well as composed music for television and film . The musicians go to great lengths to faithfully recreate every sound on the original album . They have performed with orchestras , sitarists , choirs and schools . The shows are treated like recitals with the album being performed in its entirety followed by a ` greatest hits ' set of the featured artist . Albums that have been performed include Led Zeppelin 's Led Zeppelin , Led Zeppelin II and Led Zeppelin IV , Bruce Springsteen 's Born to Run , Supertramp 's Crime of the Century and Breakfast in America , the Rolling Stones ' Sticky Fingers and Exile on Main St. , Fleetwood Mac 's Rumours , Eagles ' Hotel California , Guns N ' Roses ' Appetite for Destruction , Pink Floyd 's The Dark Side of the Moon , Wish You Were Here , The Wall and Animals , Queen 's A Night at the Opera , and the Beatles albums Rubber Soul , Revolver , Sgt. Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band , The Beatles ( AKA the `` White Album '' ) , and Abbey Road . In recent years , the series has presented concerts in a variety of cities , including Orlando , Florida , Los Angeles , Philadelphia , Akron , La Mirada , Jacksonville , Gainesville , Lakeland , Coral Springs , New York , New Jersey , Dallas , Houston , Uncasville , Connecticut , Las Vegas , Nevada , and Rochester , New York . On December 17 , 2006 , Classic Albums Live performed the entire 213-song Beatles song catalogue in one 13-hour concert at the Phoenix Concert Theatre in Toronto . A different lineup performs each album . There is a group of core musicians who are frequently part of the performances , including Nick Hildyard , Rob Phillips , Lindsay Clark , Leslea Keurvorst , Troy Feener , Clifton David , Dom Polito and Marty Morin . Occasionally , more famous Canadian musicians are brought in as well , including Mia Sheard , Kim Bingham , Nicholas Walsh , and ex-members of Moist . In some venues , they will bring in local musicians to fill needed spots . For example , on June 16 , 2006 , the group performed the Beatles ' Sgt. Pepper album at the Hard Rock Live in Orlando ; they brought in the Orlando Philharmonic Orchestra to fill in on the orchestral parts . When performing in Toronto , they usually play at Massey Hall . The producer of Classic Albums Live has created a musical called Gig which will run in 2016 . List of albums performed : The Beatles ' catalogue Led Zeppelin Led Zeppelin II Led Zeppelin IV Houses of the Holy Physical Graffiti In Through the Out Door Meddle The Dark Side of the Moon Animals Wish You Were Here The Wall A Night at the Opera Who 's Next Are You Experienced Boston Crime of the Century Breakfast in America The Last Waltz Rust Never Sleeps Harvest The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars OK Computer Ten Nevermind Regatta de Blanc Outlandos d'Amour The Joshua Tree London Calling Band on the Run Texas Flood Let It Bleed Sticky Fingers Some Girls Exile on Main St. Appetite for Destruction Highway to Hell Back in Black Born to Run Hotel California Rumours The Doors L.A. Woman Legend Pearl Paranoid Van Halen Thriller Purple Rain Nothing 's Shocking Woodstock 2112 Saturday Night Fever A Very Lennon Christmas Elton John Greatest Hits", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1a985c8e5246f56e5b24c48fc43e4b9a", "text": "Only a Northern Song `` Only a Northern Song '' is a song by English rock band the Beatles from their 1969 album Yellow Submarine . Written by George Harrison , it was recorded mainly in February 1967 during the sessions for Sgt. Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band but the Beatles chose not to include it on that album . Instead , it was one of the four new songs that the band provided for the 1968 animated film Yellow Submarine , to meet their contractual obligations to United Artists . Harrison wrote `` Only a Northern Song '' out of dissatisfaction with his status as a junior songwriter with the Beatles ' publishing company , Northern Songs . The lyrics and music convey his disenchantment at how the company retained the copyright for the songs it published , and at how , following its public listing in 1965 , the major shareholders profited more from his compositions than he did . The recording features Hammond organ , played by Harrison , and an overdubbed montage of assorted sounds including trumpet blasts and spoken voices , anticipating John Lennon 's 1968 sound collage `` Revolution 9 '' . Due to the difficulty in assembling the completed track from two tape sources , `` Only a Northern Song '' remained a rare song from the Beatles ' post-1963 catalogue that was unavailable in true stereo until 1999 . That year , it was remixed for inclusion on the album Yellow Submarine Songtrack . The song has received a varied response from reviewers ; while Ian MacDonald dismisses the track as a `` self-indulgent dirge '' , the website Ultimate Classic Rock identifies it as one of the Beatles ' best works in the psychedelic rock genre . A version of the song with a different vocal part , and omitting the sound collage overdubs , was issued on the Beatles ' 1996 outtakes compilation Anthology 2 . Gravenhurst and Yonder Mountain String Band are among the artists who have covered `` Only a Northern Song '' .", "title": "" } ]	fever
a5107693a7cc61bb4397a463f02ce13b	Bedazzled (2000 film) stars an English actress.	[ { "docid": "dadb2db95245ee39ce62beb1d49ae000", "text": "Bedazzled (2000 film) Bedazzled is a 2000 fantasy-comedy film remake of the 1967 film of the same name , originally written by Peter Cook and Dudley Moore , which was itself a comic retelling of the Faust legend . The film was directed by Harold Ramis and stars Brendan Fraser and Elizabeth Hurley .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "726641b45f2a11dfbd6af7bf9146e4ff", "text": "Elizabeth Hurley Elizabeth Jane Hurley ( born 10 June 1965 ) , sometimes known as Liz Hurley , is an English actress and model . She has been associated with the cosmetics company Estée Lauder since the company gave Hurley her first modelling job at the age of 29 . They have featured her as a representative and model for their products , especially perfumes such as Sensuous , Intuition , and Pleasures , since 1995 . Hurley owns an eponymous beachwear line . As an actress , her best-known film roles to date have been as Vanessa Kensington in Mike Myers ' hit spy comedy , Austin Powers : International Man of Mystery ( 1997 ) and as the Devil in Bedazzled ( 2000 ) . In 2015 , Hurley began starring in the E! original series The Royals . In the 1990s , Hurley became known as the girlfriend of Hugh Grant . In 1994 , as Grant became the focus of international media attention due to the success of his film Four Weddings and a Funeral , Hurley accompanied him to the film 's Los Angeles premiere in a plunging black Versace dress held together with gold safety pins , which gained her instant media attention .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "1cdeb37ad0a13d3078a8c756cc894860", "text": "Amelia Warner Amelia Warner ( born 4 June 1982 ) is an English actress , as well as a musician who performs under the name Slow Moving Millie .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f4579b90a27326e8256b2e60b0d8dff1", "text": "Emma Barton Emma Louise Barton ( born 26 July 1977 in Portsmouth , England ) is an English actress . She played Honey Mitchell in EastEnders from November 2005 to September 2008 , and on a temporary basis during 2014 . Barton returned full-time in late 2015 . Before her role in EastEnders , Barton appeared in Spooks and on stage in plays including Grease , Loveshack and Thoroughly Modern Millie .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4b426e12d14bb772ebdd58f214d70717", "text": "Tuppence Middleton Tuppence Middleton ( born 21 February 1987 ) is an English actress . She was nominated for the London Evening Standard Film Awards 2010 for Most Promising Newcomer . Since 2015 , she portrays Riley Blue in the television series Sense8 . She has appeared in feature films such as Tormented ( 2009 ) , Chatroom ( 2010 ) , Cleanskin ( 2012 ) , Trance ( 2013 ) , The Lady Vanishes ( 2013 ) , The Imitation Game ( 2014 ) , and Jupiter Ascending ( 2015 ) , as well as in television series such as Bones ( 2008 ) , New Tricks ( 2010 ) , Friday Night Dinner ( 2011 ) , Sinbad ( 2012 ) , Spies of Warsaw ( 2013 ) , and Black Mirror ( 2013 ) , and Sense8 ( 2015 ) . She starred in two British period dramas screened around the same time , Dickensian ( 2015 -- 16 ) , playing Miss Havisham , and War & Peace ( 2016 ) , in which she played Russian princess and villain Hélène Kuragina .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc260f52457f4ee9a4806f22ed33f38d", "text": "Ashleigh Sterling Ashleigh Sterling ( born April 27 , 1983 ) is an actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "412263e0812b78f2cc39fed3f8ef1bc3", "text": "Jane Gurnett Jane E. Gurnett ( born March 1957 , Dorset ) is an English actress best known for her leading roles in British TV series Casualty ( from 1994 to 1996 ) , Dangerfield ( 1998 -- 1999 ) and the second incarnation of Crossroads ( 2001 -- 2003 ) . The actress moved to Warwick School to teach drama and has been there since 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7559f386347a96ffefc0df57e067f1b6", "text": "Sarah Smart Sarah Smart ( born 3 March 1977 ) is an English actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "58b19d28b9f0c1581f6730a8c6c4311b", "text": "Kate Hodgson Kate Hodgson ( born 30 August 1985 ) is an English actress and photographer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "db9c6f1399b4f4b476e2f7c52578fdf6", "text": "Carol Raye Carol Raye ( born 17 January 1923 ) is a retired English-born singer and dancer , theatre and television and film actress and comedian . She is well known for her early career in the UK and later in Australia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a116b69c0dfd003c9a6e9824c124fdd8", "text": "Felicity Montagu Felicity J. Montagu ( born 12 September 1960 ) is an English actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "34e32811d918deb8fe4281398a99a553", "text": "Laura Petela Laura Petela ( born 8 July 1983 ) is a British television actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8f57f726fd1e36356ded1d40e1d9c348", "text": "Caroline Sheen Caroline Sheen ( born 1976 ) is a Welsh actress who has played various roles on stage in the West End and at other venues across London and the UK . She played the role of Mary Poppins on the First National Tour of America . She appeared as Fantine in Les Misérables alongside Ramin Karimloo and Hadley Fraser , and appears in the film version as well .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "811a267a649f104e886c98a0dae7e24a", "text": "Selina Chilton Selina Chilton ( born 19 September 1981 ) is an English actress who has appeared in theatre and television productions . Chilton is best known for her role as Ruth Pearce in the BBC soap opera ; Doctors , which began in April 2008 and ended on 17 December 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "38355e5d82558e8ed0a4dbd83b678942", "text": "Gabrielle Glaister Gabrielle Glaister ( born 27 July 1960 ) is an English actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bd9da57d49b96a6f01f94f10a7c2889c", "text": "Elizabeth Estensen Elizabeth `` Liz '' Estensen ( born 10 August 1949 ) is an English actress , mainly known for work in the popular television dramas The Liver Birds and Emmerdale . She was born in Stockton-on-Tees , County Durham , and her surname comes from her Norwegian grandad .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "82453ab4a211f5b240920bb2bdc29629", "text": "Susan Shaw Susan Shaw ( 29 August 1929 -- 27 November 1978 ) was an English actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1bf1319204ced9f099e2f1a81a31496a", "text": "Victoria Sellers Victoria Sellers ( born 20 January 1965 ) is a British model , actress , comedian and jewellery designer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9ef5dbca5c4e964b38f184646ba83922", "text": "Jennifer James Jennifer James ( born Jennifer Marie Reynolds ; 3 December 1977 ) is an English actress born in Billinge Higher End , Wigan in Greater Manchester . She played the role of Geena Gregory in Coronation Street .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0d381a4131f5f3236fd9b313617c83ee", "text": "Sarah Manners Sarah Manners ( born 25 August 1975 ) is an English actress , best known for her role as Joanna Helm in the BBC soap opera Doctors .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8267feaa9e7289d9d7bf1f3ae7d4d6fd", "text": "Siân Phillips Dame Jane Elizabeth Ailwên Phillips , DBE ( born 14 May 1933 ) , known professionally as Siân Phillips ( -LSB- ˈʃɑːn -RSB- ) , is a Welsh actress , author and singer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a33b116b99badaad45abaf51e4ff082e", "text": "Lydia Fox (actress) Lydia Fox ( born 1979 ) is an English film , television , and stage actress and producer . She is also known by her married name , Lydia Ayoade .", "title": "" } ]	fever
2cc64ee83418c8163553cfb79932fbe9	Lady Gaga's third studio album is called Born This Way.	[ { "docid": "c25443b7418050922585fcf0c7044d6d", "text": "Lady Gaga Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta ( -LSB- ˈstɛfəniː_dʒɜrməˈnɒtə -RSB- ; born March 28 , 1986 ) , known professionally as Lady Gaga , is an American singer , songwriter , and actress . At the beginning of her career , Gaga became known for her unconventionality and provocative work . A popular contemporary recording artist , she is noted for constantly experimenting with new musical ideas and images . Gaga initially played roles in high school plays , and studied at CAP21 through NYU 's Tisch School of the Arts before dropping out to pursue a musical career . After leaving a rock band , participating in a performance art circuit , and being dropped from a contract with Def Jam Recordings , Gaga worked as a songwriter for Sony/ATV Music Publishing . From there , Akon noticed her vocal abilities and helped her sign a joint deal with Interscope Records and his own KonLive Distribution in 2007 . Gaga rose to prominence with the release of her successful debut album The Fame ( 2008 ) and its international chart-topping singles `` Just Dance '' and `` Poker Face '' . A follow-up EP , The Fame Monster ( 2009 ) , was met with a similar reception and the singles `` Bad Romance '' , `` Telephone '' , and `` Alejandro '' were also successful . Gaga 's second full-length album Born This Way ( 2011 ) topped the charts in more than 20 countries , including the US , where it sold over one million copies in its first week . The album produced the number-one single `` Born This Way '' . Gaga 's third album Artpop , released in 2013 , topped the US charts and included the successful single `` Applause '' . In 2014 , Gaga released a collaborative jazz album with Tony Bennett titled Cheek to Cheek , her third consecutive number one in the US . For her work in the television series American Horror Story : Hotel , Gaga won a Golden Globe Award in 2016 . With her fifth studio album Joanne ( 2016 ) , she became the first woman to have four US number one albums in the 2010s . In February 2017 , Gaga headlined the Super Bowl LI halftime show , which had over 150 million audience across various platforms worldwide , making it the most viewed musical event in history . With global album and single sales of 27 million and 146 million respectively , as of January 2016 , she is one of the best-selling musicians of all time . Her achievements include twelve Guinness World Records , three Brit Awards , and six Grammy Awards . She has also received awards from the Songwriters Hall of Fame and the Council of Fashion Designers of America . Gaga regularly appears on Billboards Artists of the Year lists and Forbess power and earnings rankings . She was ranked at number four on VH1 's Greatest Women in Music , finished second on Times 2011 readers ' poll of the most influential people of the past ten years , and was named Billboards Woman of the Year ( 2015 ) . She is known for her philanthropic work and social activism , including LGBT rights and her own non-profit organization , the Born This Way Foundation , which focuses on promoting youth empowerment and combating bullying .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "b5aadd183c1015b02bbffa242a48c087", "text": "Born to Die Born to Die is the second studio album by American singer and songwriter Lana Del Rey . Her major label debut , it was released on January 27 , 2012 by Interscope Records , Polydor Records and Stranger Records . Del Rey collaborated with producers including Patrik Berger , Jeff Bhasker , Chris Braide , Emile Haynie , Justin Parker , Rick Nowels , Robopop and Al Shux to achieve her desired sound . Their efforts resulted in a primarily baroque pop record , which sees additional influences from alternative hip hop , indie pop and trip hop music . Contemporary music critics gave Born to Die mixed reviews ; some commended its distinctive production , while its repetitiveness and melodramatic tendencies were a recurring complaint . The album debuted at number two on the US Billboard 200 with first-week sales of 77,000 copies ; it was later certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) after moving one million units . Born to Die reached the peak positions on eleven international record charts . After attaining online success after its initial premiere on June 29 , 2011 , `` Video Games '' was released as the lead single from Born to Die on October 17 , 2011 ; it peaked at number ninety-one on the US Billboard Hot 100 . Its follow-up singles `` Born to Die '' , `` Off to the Races '' , `` Blue Jeans '' , `` Summertime Sadness '' , `` National Anthem '' , and `` Dark Paradise '' performed sporadically across Billboard component charts and international record charts . The Cedric Gervais remix of `` Summertime Sadness '' was released on July 11 , 2013 and became Del Rey 's highest-charting single in the United States , reaching number six on the Billboard Hot 100 . Del Rey additionally promoted Born to Die with several televised performances , including a widely criticized appearance on Saturday Night Live . It was reissued on November 9 , 2012 as an expanded version subtitled The Paradise Edition , which was packaged with her third extended play Paradise ( 2012 ) . Born to Die has sold 7,000,000 copies worldwide as of June 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f9484e40d91d550426931a2e4cb8a83f", "text": "Play On (Carrie Underwood album) Play On is the third studio album by American singer and songwriter Carrie Underwood . It was released in the United States on November 3 , 2009 , through Arista Nashville . The album debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 with first week sales of 318,000 copies , which was rated as the highest first-week sales for a female artist in 2009 upon release . It is her second album to debut at number one on the Billboard 200 , and her third to debut atop the Billboard Top Country Albums chart . As of October 2016 , the album has been certified 3x Platinum by the RIAA , Platinum by the CRIA and Gold by the ARIA . Play On has since sold over three million copies worldwide . The album spawned three consecutive Billboard Hot Country Songs number one singles -- `` Cowboy Casanova '' , `` Temporary Home '' and `` Undo It '' , all of which certified Multi-Platinum or Platinum by the RIAA . The fourth single , `` Mama 's Song '' , reached number two on the chart and received a Gold certification from the RIAA . `` Cowboy Casanova '' achieved one of the biggest single-week upwards on the Billboard Hot 100 of all time , when it climbed 96-11 in its second week . `` Temporary Home '' and `` Mama 's Song '' were both nominated for Grammy Awards , while Play On was nominated for Album of the Year at both the 2010 Academy of Country Music Awards and Country Music Association Awards , and won Favorite Country Album at the 2010 American Music Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bb78d839de029f4f8e6ccfea7cca6929", "text": "The Pussycat Dolls discography The discography of American girl group The Pussycat Dolls consists of two studio albums , one extended play , two live albums , 14 singles , two promotional singles and 13 music videos . To date , the group has sold 15 million albums and 40 million singles worldwide . In 2003 , Robin Antin struck a joint venture with Interscope Records to develop the Pussycat Dolls into a recording group . In 2004 , the group made their musical debut by releasing a cover of `` Sway '' , for the soundtrack to the film , Shall We Dance ? . Their self-titled debut album was released in September 2005 and it peaked at number five on the Billboard 200 . It earned double platinum certification in the United States by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) , and 3 × platinum in Australia by the Australian Recording Industry Association ( ARIA ) , and 4 × platinum the United Kingdom by the British Phonographic Industry ( BPI ) . The album 's lead single , `` Do n't Cha '' , peaked atop the charts in 15 countries and reached number two on the Billboard Hot 100 and was certified platinum by the RIAA . Its follow-up singles , `` Stickwitu '' and `` Buttons '' were also a commercial success peaking in the top five on charts worldwide . After the success of their debut album , The Pussycat Dolls released their first video album , Pussycat Dolls : Live from London in 2006 to coincide with the group 's headlining world tour . As of 2008 , PCD has sold 3 million copies in the United States . After a three-year hiatus in hopes to further Scherzinger 's own solo career , the group reunited to record their second and final studio album , Doll Domination in September 2008 . Scherzinger began to receive a larger input in the recording process as co-writer and co-producer of the album . Doll Domination garnered a higher peak position than PCD of number four on Billboard 200 , but failed to match its predecessor 's commercial success . Its lead single `` When I Grow Up '' became another top ten single for the group . `` I Hate This Part '' was released as the second single and managed to attain similar success . In early 2009 , Doll Domination was re-released as two compilation albums . The lead single from Doll Domination 2.0 was `` Jai Ho ! ( You Are My Destiny ) '' which reached number one in 17 countries and follow-up single `` Hush Hush ; Hush Hush '' reached the top 20 worldwide . In 2010 , the original recording group line-up disbanded .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ac944516232c8f3f2601e6308b72be58", "text": "Records and achievements of Madonna American singer Madonna , throughout her career , spanning three decades , has obtained a remarkable series of statistical achievements , setting and breaking several world records with her participation in entrepreneurial activities , of acting and her performance in the musical scene for her videos , singles , albums , and tours . Her first appearance in the Guinness Book of World Records was in 1986 with her third studio album , True Blue . Since then , she has earned multiple appearances , some 20 at least in February 2012 , including her insigne record title as the top-selling female recording artist of all time . Madonna 's commerciality has achieved scrutiny studies and analysis from different point of view in the academia world or by marketers , through her marketing strategies , controversies and reinvention , surpassing to others new or contemporary artists . In popular culture , many international artists have been called `` Madonna '' , many times , by their impact and success in their respective countries or genres . Also , her presence in popular culture , has been led to create world records about Madonna . Dubbed as the most successful and most influential female artist of all time , Madonna 's music is defined in several occasions , for changing contemporary music history for women 's , mainly rock , dance and pop scene .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f4a9dd23afa404a404705c6a1ba8ede6", "text": "Now That's What I Call Music! 37 (U.S. series) Now That 's What I Call Music ! 37 was released on February 8 , 2011 . The album is the 37th edition of the ( U.S. ) Now ! series . Seven tracks selected for the album were number-one hits on the Billboard Hot 100 : `` Love The Way You Lie '' , `` Just the Way You Are '' , `` Firework '' , `` Raise Your Glass '' , `` We R Who We R '' , `` Only Girl ( In The World ) '' and `` Like a G6 '' . Now ! 37 debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 albums chart with first week sales of 151,000 , the biggest week for any US-released Now album since Now ! 31 started at number one with 169,000 in July 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d045a21f1c0a7fd5a0dbc94f5d3be4f", "text": "Dance/Electronic Digital Songs Dance/Electronic Digital Songs is a weekly chart that ranks the best-selling digital dance and electronic singles in the United States , according to Billboard . Although it originally started tracking singles the week of January 2 , 2010 , it did not become an official chart until the issue dated April 3 , 2010 . The Dance/Electronic Digital Songs chart tracks the 50 most popular downloaded dance music singles , including tracks that are exclusively available online only . This chart also includes previously released dance and disco songs that became available for downloading , which means that songs like `` You Spin Me Round ( Like a Record ) '' by Dead or Alive are eligible to chart . On January 17 , 2013 , Billboard added a new chart , Dance/Electronic Songs , which tracks the 50 most popular Dance and Electronic singles and tracks based on club play , single sales , radio airplay , digital downloads , and online streaming . As such , this chart serves as the main component for the Dance Club Songs , Dance/Mix Show Airplay , Dance Single Sales , and Dance/Electronic Digital Songs charts . The chart 's first number one was `` Bad Romance '' by Lady Gaga in the January 23 , 2010 issue and Gaga 's songs spent so far ( as December , 2014 ) a total of 1025 weeks on the chart . The chart 's longest running number-one is `` Bulletproof '' by La Roux , reigning at the lead position for 18 consecutive weeks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da840d95d86bd6971d04ba89f158abd2", "text": "A Moment Like This `` A Moment Like This '' is the debut single by American singer Kelly Clarkson , the winner of the first season of American Idol . It was released as a double-A side with `` Before Your Love '' and topped the Billboard Hot 100 . The song was later included on her debut album , Thankful ( 2003 ) . It is her coronation song from American Idol . In 2006 , the song was recorded and released by British singer Leona Lewis , the winner of the third series of The X Factor . Her version gained the Christmas number one , outselling the rest of the top 40 combined . Lewis ' version has sold 914,000 copies as of 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "56d35f1d1d984121d4f9744b3f2ff834", "text": "The Third Album The Third Album may refer to : The Third Album ( Barbra Streisand album ) , 1964 The Third Album ( Paul Jabara album )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "33bc9944ade1896b011265cf0de178d3", "text": "Third (Cait Brennan album) Third is the second full-length album by Cait Brennan , released by Omnivore on April 21 , 2017 . The follow-up to 2016 's critically lauded Debutante , Third was recorded at Ardent Studios in Memphis , TN , in the same studio and on much of the same recording gear as Big Star used during its Ardent heyday . The album was co-produced and performed entirely by Brennan and Fernando Perdomo , a producer and rock artist who also co-produced Linda Perhacs ' widely acclaimed 2014 album The Soul of All Natural Things for Asthmatic Kitty records . Perdomo and Brennan met as fellow artists on the International Pop Overthrow festival in 2012 , and quickly became friends ; Brennan appears in Perdomo 's `` Smile '' music video , and Perdomo has played in Brennan 's touring band . The duo produced Brennan 's 2016 debut , as well as an unreleased second album and a set of demos for Sire Records founder Seymour Stein before ultimately signing with Omnivore Recordings in January 2017 . During the recording of Brennan 's Sire Records demo sessions , Brennan and Perdomo attended a Grammy Museum presentation celebrating the 50th Anniversary of Ardent Studios . At the event , Brennan and Perdomo encountered Big Star drummer and Ardent president Jody Stephens , who invited the pair to record their third album at Ardent in Memphis . When the Sire deal did not materialize , the duo traveled to Memphis and recorded 13 songs in three days , with Brennan and Perdomo producing and playing all the instruments , and Ardent 's Adam Hill engineering the sessions . During the sessions , the pair used many of the same instruments and amplifiers used by Big Star during their heyday , including Alex Chilton 's Hi-Watt amps , Mellotron and Chris Bell 's cherry red Gibson guitar . As with Brennan 's debut album Debutante , Brennan and Perdomo played all of the instruments , with the exception of two guest appearances by longtime Memphis power pop legend Van Duren and former Continental Drifters guitarist Robert Mache . The album was mastered by Grammy-winning audio engineer Michael Graves ; Cheryl Pawelski of Omnivore Recordings , who had a long history working with Ardent and Big Star , signed Brennan to Omnivore in January 2017 , slating Brennan 's Third for an April 2017 release to coincide with Record Store Day .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c465f9df3c4f6d402563f7631f1de37", "text": "I Am... World Tour I Am ... World Tour ( sometimes referred to as the I Am ... Tour ) was the fourth concert tour by American recording artist Beyoncé . It was launched in support of her third studio album , I Am ... Sasha Fierce ( 2008 ) . The tour was announced in October 2008 and the first dates were revealed in December 2008 . It kicked off in late-March 2009 with five rehearsal shows in North America , officially commencing in late April 2009 . The tour visited the Americas , Europe , Asia , Africa , and Australia with 108 shows in total . Preparations for the shows began eight months prior to the beginning of the tour with twelve-hour rehearsals for two months . Knowles described the shows as her best and most theatrical from all of her tours . Pre-concert food drives were held during several stops of the I Am ... World Tour as part of a campaign by General Mills ' Hamburger Helper entitled , `` Show Your Helping Hand '' where fans were asked to bring food during the concerts . The set list for the concerts included songs from Knowles ' three studio albums as well as several covers of other artists and a Destiny 's Child medley . The central theme of the tour was to showcase the difference between Knowles ' dual personality ; her emotional side and her onstage persona , Sasha Fierce which was also demonstrated in the dual album I Am ... Sasha Fierce . The show featured two stages -- the main one and a smaller B-stage where Knowles was transferred during the middle of the show . She was backed by an all-female band , female background dancers and a big LED screen . Thierry Mugler collaborated with Knowles on the costumes and had a creative advisor role further working on the choreography , lighting and production . Chris March made the costumes usable for stage and helped in their making . For the ballads , Knowles wore longer dresses while for the performances of the up-tempo songs , more make-up and more revealing outfits were worn . The fashion and Knowles ' look and figure received praise from critics . I Am ... World Tour received critical acclaim from music critics who praised Knowles ' performance abilities calling her the best female performer and chose the performances of `` Ave Maria '' , `` Listen '' and `` At Last '' as highlights during the shows . A concert in Malaysia was cancelled by Knowles after several Muslim groups tried to ban it although she agreed to tone down her look according to the country 's standards . The tour was commercially successful grossing $ 86.0 million from 93 shows in total . Separate performances of several songs were broadcast on different channels and two concerts were released as live albums ; the live performance at the I Am ... Yours revue was released in a CD/DVD format in 2009 and footage of the tour was released on an eponymous titled live album in 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc172f1ef685c2db421e5343624548f8", "text": "Grammy Award for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance The Grammy Award for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance ( previously called Best Rhythm and Blues Solo Vocal Performance , Female ) was an honor presented at the Grammy Awards , a ceremony established in 1958 and originally called the Gramophone Awards , to female recording artists for quality R&B songs . Awards in several categories are distributed annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences of the United States to `` honor artistic achievement , technical proficiency and overall excellence in the recording industry , without regard to album sales or chart position . '' According to the category description guide for the 52nd Grammy Awards , the award was presented to artists that performed `` newly recorded solo R&B vocal performances '' . Solo numbers by members of an established group were not eligible for the award as `` separate entries from the duo or group performances . '' Albums were also considered for the accolade until 1992 . As a part of the major overhaul of Grammy categories , the award was discontinued in 2011 . The Female R&B Vocal Performance category , Male R&B Vocal Performance category and all duo/group vocal performances in the R&B category shifted to the Best R&B Performance category in 2012 . The award for the Best Female R&B Vocal Performance was first presented to Aretha Franklin at the 10th Grammy Awards ceremony in 1968 for the song `` Respect '' . Franklin received the most wins with eleven , followed by Anita Baker with five . Franklin also holds the record for the most nominations with twenty-three , while Chaka Khan is second with eight nominations . Fantasia Barrino became the final recipient of the award , when her song `` Bittersweet '' won the award in 2011 . The award was presented to artists from the United States each year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "07dc150129180ef649750b0cbc8015d1", "text": "The Cure (song) `` The Cure '' is a song recorded by American singer and songwriter Lady Gaga . She co-wrote the song with Paul Blair , Nick Monson , Lukas Nelson , and Mark Nilan ; Detroit City , Gaga , and Monson produced the song . Following `` Perfect Illusion '' and `` Million Reasons '' as singles from Gaga 's fifth album Joanne ( 2016 ) , `` The Cure '' was released as a single on April 16 , 2017 , after her live debut performance of the song at the Coachella music festival where she was a main headliner . It has reached the top 10 of the record charts in Australia , France , Hungary , Scotland , Slovakia and Spain as well as the top 20 in Czech Republic , United Kingdom , Lebanon and Latvia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d5557d62773a1b9a963a151a8437e39b", "text": "This Is the Remix (Destiny's Child album) This Is the Remix is a remix album by American R&B group Destiny 's Child . Released in the United States on March 12 , 2002 by Columbia Records , the album contains a blend of R&B and dance remixes from the band 's previously released three albums Destiny 's Child ( 1998 ) , The Writing 's on the Wall ( 1999 ) and Survivor ( 2001 ) as well as solo material . The album 's name is a self-explanatory message taken from the first track `` No , No , No Part 2 '' . Upon its release , the album reached number 19 on the US Top R&B / Hip Hop Albums chart and entered the top thirty of the Billboard 200 , while reaching the top ten of the New Zealand Albums Chart . Critical reception was generally positive with Allmusic remarking that `` these versions are n't only different ; usually , they 're better than the originals . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1035d21564b08b179e598f58d9d67e61", "text": "Tony Bennett and Lady Gaga: Cheek to Cheek Live! Tony Bennett and Lady Gaga : Cheek to Cheek Live ! is an American concert television special featuring live performances by Tony Bennett and Lady Gaga in support of their collaborative studio album , Cheek to Cheek , released in September 2014 . It was held at the Rose Theater of Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts in July following the announcement of the album 's release , and was aired on PBS on October 24 , 2014 , as part of the network 's Great Performances series . The concert was watched by an audience consisting of invited guests and students from New York schools . Bennett and Gaga were joined on stage by 39-piece orchestra and jazz musicians associated with both artists . A number of costumes were worn by Gaga , provided by designers including Roberto Cavalli , Michael Costello , Mathieu Mirano , Valentino as well as David Samuel Menkes . The special received one nomination at the 67th Primetime Emmy Awards . Bennett and Gaga performed a total of 13 songs from the album , including the number one singles on Billboards Jazz chart `` Anything Goes '' and `` I Ca n't Give You Anything but Love '' . Before the concert was aired , a number of promotional videos from the show were released . Additionally , PBS announced that the concert was filmed in 4K resolution . On January 20 , 2015 , the DVD and Blu-ray was released , and later for digital download on iTunes Store . It reached the top-ten of the record charts in many countries , reaching number one in the US and Belgium . Bennett and Gaga partnered with LG Electronic , who aired the concert across all retail chains in the United States , on LG 's 4K Ultra High-definition TV screens . Tony Bennett and Lady Gaga : Cheek to Cheek Live ! became the first concert to be streamed in 4K resolution . The show received positive reviews , with critics praising Gaga and Bennett 's vocals and their camaraderie on stage .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2dd9d3b2e7d7cabc2b8e8c0d6d8d2012", "text": "List of awards and nominations received by Missy Elliott Missy Elliott is an American rapper , singer-songwriter , author , record producer and actress . Missy 's debut album Supa Dupa Fly was released on July 15 , 1997 in the United States under her own label The Goldmind Inc. signed under Elektra Records . Her second album Da Real World was then released on June 22 , 1999 , followed by her third album Miss E. . . So Addictive , released on May 15 , 2001 . Under Construction was the fourth album released by Elliott , which was released on November 12 , 2002 , followed by her fifth album This Is Not a Test ! that saw a release in November 25 , 2003 , and The Cookbook , Elliott 's latest album to date , which was released on July 4 , 2005 . Throughout Missy Elliott 's career , she has received several awards and nominations . Elliott would also be noted to become the first female rapper in history to take home the award for `` Best International Video '' from VIVA Comet Media Awards for her solo debut single , `` The Rain ( Supa Dupa Fly ) '' . Elliott 's debut Supa Dupa Fly ( 1997 ) would go on to score two Grammy nominations for Best Rap Solo Performance & Best Rap Album , alongside three MTV Music Video Awards nominations for `` Best Direction in a Video , '' `` Best Breakthrough Video '' & `` Best Rap Video '' . Missy Elliott 's second album Da Real World ( 1999 ) attained a Grammy nomination for Best Rap Album . She also received an award for `` Best R&B / Soul or Rap Music Video '' by the Soul Train Awards . The album went on to go platinum making it Elliott 's second platinum album . The follow-up , Miss E. . . So Addictive ( 2001 ) , was a commercial success ; selling over 9.2 million copies worldwide making it her third consecutive platinum album . This album would attain twelve MTV Video Music Awards nominations throughout 2001 and 2002 . Additionally , the effort gained Elliott several nominations from various award shows some including , the Grammy Awards , MTV Video Music Awards , and the BET Awards . On March 27 , 2001 , Lil ' Kim , Christina Aguilera , Pink , and Mýa recorded a cover version of the LaBelle song , `` Lady Marmalade '' as a medley for the feature film Moulin Rouge that Missy Elliott wrote and produced , which topped # 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 for five weeks . `` Lady Marmalade '' scored Elliott 's first Grammy Award in 2002 for Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals . Missy Elliott 's fourth album Under Construction ( 2002 ) was certified double platinum , making it her fourth platinum album . The effort gained Elliott eight MTV Video Music Awards in 2003 , taking two awards for `` Video of the Year & `` Best Hip-Hop Video '' . The album also gained Elliott five Grammy nominations in 2004 for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group , Best Rap Album , Album of The Year , Best Rap Song & Best Female Rap Solo Performance taking an award for Best Female Rap Solo Performance . Elliott 's follow-up This Is Not a Test ! ( 2003 ) would also attain a platinum certification , as well as two MTV Video Music Awards and one MTV Music Video Japan Awards nominations . The Cookbook ( 2005 ) is Missy Elliott 's latest album to date . The effort attained three Grammy nominations in 2006 for Best Short Form Music Video , Best Rap Song & Best Rap Album . Elliott received the award for Best Short Form Music Video for her single `` Lose Control '' . The Cookbook also gained Elliott seven MTV Video Music Awards nominations , taking two awards for `` Best Dance Video '' and `` Best Hip-Hop Video '' . In 2014 , Missy Elliott became nominated for a Grammy for Best R&B Song for the featured single , `` Without Me '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c5dd26717a6a403cb827f5ec4e1986cd", "text": "Country Grammar Country Grammar is the debut studio album by American rapper Nelly . It was released on June 27 , 2000 , by Universal Records ( who released the album after listening to demos by Nelly , before signing a record deal with the rapper in 1999 ) . The production on the album was handled by Jason `` Jay E '' Epperson , with additional production by C-Love , Kevin Law , City Spud , Steve `` Blast '' Wills and Basement Beats . Nelly contributed to all lyrics on the album , with Epperson and City Spud also contributing . The album introduced a unique Saint Louis , Midwestern sound , and introduces Nelly 's vocal style of pop-rap singalongs and Midwestern , Missouri twang . It was supported four successful singles : `` Country Grammar ( Hot Shit ) '' , `` E.I. '' , `` Ride wit Me '' and `` Batter Up '' . Its lead single , `` Country Grammar ( Hot Shit ) '' , peaked at number 7 on the Billboard Hot 100 and UK Singles Chart . `` E.I. '' charted at number 16 , number 12 and number 11 on the Hot 100 , UK Singles Chart and ARIA Singles Chart , respectively . `` Ride wit Me '' peaked within the top five on the Hot 100 , ARIA Singles Chart , Irish Singles Chart and UK Singles Chart . The album 's fourth and final single , `` Batter Up '' featuring Murphy Lee and Ali , achieved moderate chart success . Country Grammar received positive reviews , with critics praising Nelly 's vocal style and the album 's production . It topped the US Billboard 200 chart for five consecutive weeks , and the US Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums chart for six consecutive weeks . It peaked in the top five on the New Zealand Albums Chart and Australian Albums Chart , as well as the top ten on the Canadian Albums Chart and Dutch Albums Chart . The album was certified three times platinum by the Recording Industry Association of New Zealand ( RIANZ ) and Music Canada ( MC ) , denoting shipments of 45,000 and 300,000 copies , respectively . In 2016 , Country Grammar became the ninth hip hop album to be certified Diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) , denoting shipment of 10 million copies in the US . Its commercial success secured Nelly 's status as one of the most successful hip hop acts of the 2000s decade . On Billboard decade-end chart , Nelly ranked as the third most successful act of the 2000s decade , due largely to the success of Country Grammar and his follow-up album Nellyville ( 2002 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fb1a0192df5037093557b1d59585adff", "text": "Third Hawkins Born Maurice Hawkins , Third Hawkins is a recognized music producer in and out of the DMV area including his hometown of Baltimore , Maryland . He has been producing music for over 10 years and was formally in the r & b group JONDOE . His group was signed to a demo deal with Universal Music Group during the late 90 's but an album never formed . After performing on the Apollo Theater the group decided to disband and Third Hawkins began his production career . Buying music equipment piece by piece he started working with local artist including a young group which he helped formed . After working with several local artist Third began writing for different singers and became one of Baltimore and Dc 's most unknown talent . He started Ghostwriting for artist because he did not want the notoriety that comes with fame . QUOTE : `` My goal is to become the best multi-genre African American male author of the future . '' Third Hawkins hits the scene with the pure gifted talent of story telling in a way that captivates each reader as if they were a part of the story twisting Urban Literature writing in a way that has never been done . . QUOTE : `` I have done so many things in my life that has made me become the man I am today . Some good and some bad but none of them do I regret . '' Third Hawkins began his journey in the music business in an R&B group called JONDOE of which they were signed to a major record label but never produced a full album . It was then when he focused his talent for writing songs and developing them into musical love stories that he began his curiosity for the literary arts . Although writing is what he loved to do music was always his passion . Producing tracks for local and other music artist . Performing at the legendary Apollo theater and other venues are what inspired him to become a better artist . Between work and relationships the music in his life dwindled and the love he once had left after years of R&B changed in the musical domain . He began to write short stories just for fun and one day while on the subway train . Using nothing but his data phone began texting his first book , `` My Only Syn '' . After writing the book and seeing how new found friends that were writers were screwed over by several publishing companies Third started his own publishing company , 3rdHawkins Publishing and began to write the self acclaimed drama `` Wake Me When It 's Over '' based on the life of a strong man trying to survive living with depression . `` I look at urban novels as the future of literary art because of the fact that it 's as real as you can get in telling a story . Hip Hop was once looked at as a genre in music that would never last and now the stories that they tell have influenced all genres of music from rock to country . Every one has some sort of story to tell and some stories may help even if it 's just one person who will read my book and can relate : I am satisfied and feel I have done my job as an author . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "14905ee2e83ca7494e6a8210db4c7245", "text": "This Moment Is Mine This Moment Is Mine is the third album released by R&B singer Chanté Moore . The album was released on May 25 , 1999 , four and a half years after her previous album , A Love Supreme . The album gave her her biggest hit to date , `` Chante 's Got a Man '' , which became her first top ten single on the Billboard Hot 100 as well as a # 2 hit on the R&B charts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a1f5f33808709ad8e10fd1f05fa9f0ca", "text": "This Is It (concerts) This Is It was a planned residency show of 50 concerts by Michael Jackson at the O2 Arena in London , scheduled to run from July 2009 to March 2010 . The shows were to be Jackson 's first major series of concerts since the HIStory World Tour finished in 1997 . With all concerts sold out , Jackson suffered a cardiac arrest and died less than three weeks before the first concert was scheduled to begin . Jackson announced This Is It at a press conference in the O2 Arena , stating that it would be his final series of concerts in London . AEG Live , the concert promoters , released a promotional video that took up an entire commercial break , setting a record for ITV . Initially only 10 concerts were announced , but following public demand 40 more concerts were added . Ticket sales broke several records and Jackson 's album sales increased following the announcement ; AEG Live estimated that the first 10 dates alone would have earned Jackson approximately # 50 million . In preparation for the concert series , Jackson had been collaborating with high-profile figures including fashion designer Christian Audigier , choreographer Kenny Ortega and bodybuilder Lou Ferrigno . Prior to Jackson 's death , Allgood Entertainment sued Jackson for $ 40 million , claiming that he had breached an exclusivity agreement with them by agreeing to the This Is It concerts . The case was dismissed . After Jackson 's death , AEG Live offered either refunds to ticket holders or a special `` souvenir '' ticket designed by Jackson . The cancelled shows , record-breaking ticket sales and potential for a world tour made This Is It `` the greatest concert -LSB- s -RSB- that never happened . '' Columbia Pictures acquired the footage of the rehearsals and released a concert film , Michael Jackson 's This Is It , accompanied by a compilation album of the same name .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c2d8a5f3e6e0d4ebe6969c0dd151c765", "text": "Carrie Underwood discography American singer and songwriter Carrie Underwood has released five studio albums and 29 singles . Underwood rose to fame after winning the fourth season of American Idol in 2005 . Her debut album , Some Hearts , was released in 2005 and is the fastest-selling debut country album in Nielsen SoundScan history . It also became the best-selling solo female country debut in Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) history , as well as the top-selling debut album of any American Idol contestant in the United States . Her second album , Carnival Ride , was released in 2007 and debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 charts . During the first week , it sold 527,000 copies , which at the time was the best sales week by a female solo country artist since Shania Twain 's Greatest Hits sold 530,000 copies in its first week back in 2004 . The album has since been certified 4x Platinum . Underwood released her third studio album , Play On , on November 3 , 2009 . It debuted at number one on the Top Country Albums chart and the all-genre Billboard 200 . It features the number one singles `` Cowboy Casanova '' , `` Temporary Home '' , and `` Undo It '' , as well as the number two single , `` Mama 's Song '' . The album has since been certified 3x Platinum in the US , Platinum in Canada , and Gold in Australia . On June 2011 , the album re-entered the Australian Albums Charts for both the ARIA National Top 50 and the Country Top 20 albums at number 14 and number one , respectively , giving Underwood her first number one album in Australia . The album was eventually certified Gold in Australia . On May 1 , 2012 , Underwood released her fourth album , Blown Away . In the United States , it sold 267,000 albums in its first week and debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 and the Top Country Albums charts . It debuted at number one in Canada 's Top 200 all-genre albums chart and Top 100 Country albums chart , being immediately certified Gold . The album also debuted at number one on Australia 's Top 20 Country Albums and number four on the all-genre Top 50 Albums . The album has been certified 2x Platinum in the United States and Canada . On December 9 , 2014 , Underwood released her first greatest hits album , Greatest Hits : Decade # 1 . The compilation debuted at number four on the Billboard 200 and at number one on the Top Country Albums charts , and set several records upon release , including having the biggest sales debut for a hits collection in any genre of music in more than six years and the biggest first-week sales for a female hits album in any genre in over nine years . The album was certified Platinum by the RIAA on January 16 , 2015 . Underwood 's fifth studio album , Storyteller was released on October 23 , 2015 . The album debuted at number 2 on the Billboard 200 . This made Underwood the only country artist to have his or her first five studio albums debut at number one or number two on the Billboard 200 chart . It also debuted atop the Top Country Albums chart , earning Underwood another record as the only artist to score six consecutive number one albums on that chart . The album was certified Platinum by the RIAA on October 24 , 2016 . Underwood has sold in excess of 65 million records globally . In the United States , she has sold 16.3 million albums and over 34.8 million digital singles , making her the best-selling American Idol contestant of all-time . She is the top country artist and the fifth highest-certified female artist on the RIAA Top Artists ( Digital Singles ) Ranking . She is also the fourth biggest album seller among artists who have debuted the past 13 years . Underwood has accumulated 85 Billboard number-ones . She has had 15 singles top the Billboard Country Airplay , and 14 singles top the Hot Country Songs , respectively . Notably , Underwood garnered twenty-six consecutive top 10 singles on the Hot Country Songs chart , the longest streak of top ten singles for a country artist .", "title": "" } ]	fever
e1b64a731dcb896648dd67e96ff33522	Chester Bennington is a vocalist for Linkin Park.	[ { "docid": "a6b775e29fd4560b1328452ac8b65eaa", "text": "Chester Bennington Chester Charles Bennington ( born March 20 , 1976 ) is an American musician , singer , songwriter and actor . He is best known as the lead vocalist of rock bands Linkin Park , Dead by Sunrise , and live rock cover band Bucket of Weenies . He was originally the lead vocalist for Sean Dowdell And His Friends ? and Grey Daze . Bennington was the lead vocalist for Stone Temple Pilots from 2013 to 2015 . Bennington became known as a vocalist with Linkin Park 's debut album , Hybrid Theory , in 2000 , which was a massive commercial success . The album was certified Diamond by the RIAA in 2005 , making it the best-selling debut album of the decade , as well as one of the few albums to ever hit that many sales . Linkin Park 's following studio albums , Meteora ( 2003 ) , Minutes to Midnight ( 2007 ) , A Thousand Suns ( 2010 ) , Living Things ( 2012 ) , and The Hunting Party ( 2014 ) , continued the band 's success . Bennington formed his own band , Dead by Sunrise , as a side project in 2005 . The band 's debut album , Out of Ashes , was released on October 13 , 2009 . He worked on new material with Stone Temple Pilots in 2013 to release the EP High Rise on October 8 , 2013 via their own record label , Play Pen . Bennington has been ranked in the Top 100 Heavy Metal Vocalists by Hit Parader ( No. 46 ) .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "beead449d6aaf16a6bde5b660ba1c6f8", "text": "The Bends The Bends ( stylised as the bends ) is the second studio album by the English alternative rock band Radiohead , released on 13 March 1995 by Parlophone Records in the United Kingdom and by Capitol Records in the United States . The album was produced by John Leckie and engineered by Nigel Godrich , who would go on to co-produce all future albums by the band . The Bends marked the beginning of a shift in aesthetics and themes for the band , with greater use of keyboards and more abrasive guitar tracks , while balancing them with subtler ones . The introspective grunge-influenced style of their debut album Pablo Honey ( 1993 ) evolved into more multi-layered rock with cryptic lyrics and larger ideas , as the band and its lead singer and songwriter Thom Yorke reacted against the rigours of their near-constant world tours . The Bends received greater critical acclaim than Pablo Honey , receiving an enthusiastic critical reaction , and it reached # 4 on the UK Albums Chart . However , it failed to build on the commercial success of `` Creep '' outside of the United Kingdom , and it peaked on the United States charts at # 88 . Although it lacked the instant success of Radiohead 's subsequent albums , The Bends achieved triple platinum sales certifications in the UK and Canada , as well as platinum sales certifications in the United States ( by the Recording Industry Association of America ) and Europe . The album spawned five charting singles ; My Iron Lung was first released as an EP in 1994 before the album was released , and `` High and Dry '' was later released with the album 's opener `` Planet Telex '' as its B-side . `` Fake Plastic Trees '' was released as the album 's second single and was followed by `` Just '' . `` Street Spirit ( Fade Out ) '' , the final single from the album , became their first top 5 hit in the United Kingdom . In the years since its release , the album has frequently appeared in listener polls and critics ' lists of the greatest albums of all time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b1dab27a42eb1ca99ae246321633e7bd", "text": "Syntax (band) Syntax are an English electronic music group originally formed in 2002 by the musicians Jan Burton ( also the band 's vocalist ) and Mike Tournier ( ex-member of the band Fluke ) . They are best known for the songs `` Destiny '' , `` Bliss '' and `` Pride '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9f1bbd4dd167639bf5d549f7859809ed", "text": "Link Wray Fred Lincoln ` Link ' Wray , Jr. ( May 2 , 1929 -- November 5 , 2005 ) , was an American rock and roll guitarist , songwriter , and vocalist who became popular in the late 1950s . Building on the distorted electric guitar sound of early records , his 1958 instrumental hit `` Rumble '' by Link Wray and his Ray Men popularized `` the power chord , the major modus operandi of modern rock guitarists '' , facilitating the emergence of `` punk and heavy rock '' . Rolling Stone placed Wray at No. 45 of the 100 greatest guitarists of all time . In 2013 he was a nominee for the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame . Though he began in country music , his musical style went on to consist primarily of rock and roll , rockabilly , and instrumental rock .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bb4d1f4a68d268cabc2c0a3b82e9298a", "text": "Ted Park Ted Taewon Park ( born December 4 , 1994 ) , better known by his stage name Ted Park , is an American singer , rapper , and songwriter from Madison , Wisconsin . Ted Park released his single `` Hello ( Who is this ) '' on September 15 , 2016 which made the Top 10 on Billboard and Spotify 's Viral 50 Charts . The notierity and publicity from the single landed Ted Park a deal with Capitol Fr , Universal . Hello has received nationwide radio play , and is over 120,000 streams on Spotify .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7746a89703f34dbe6f12e223ef3399cf", "text": "Twenty Twenty (band) Twenty Twenty are a pop punk band based in London , Cambridge and Essex , UK . They are made up of lead vocalist/guitarist Sam Halliday , brother and bassist/vocalist Jack Halliday , and drummer/vocalist Sonny Watson-Lang . The band have supported acts such as The Wanted , The Saturdays , Avril Lavigne , Scouting For Girls , Big Time Rush and Selena Gomez . Festival appearances have included playing with JLS , Diversity , and McFly . July 2010 saw the band play at the O2 Arena with The Saturdays , and Tinchy Stryder . In early 2011 Twenty Twenty supported The Saturdays on a UK tour throughout February and March and supported The Wanted in March and April . 17 April 2011 saw the release of the band 's new single and their first release signed to a major label . Their debut album `` Small Talk '' was released on 2 May 2011 . On 10 January 2014 Sam and Jack officially announced the band 's split on the sugarscape website after drummer Sonny Watson-Lang 's departure from the band six months earlier .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "61ab2b178e02ad9ee10af395135f581f", "text": "Neil Fallon Neil Patrick Fallon ( October 25 , 1971 in Portsmouth , Virginia ) is the lead singer and occasional rhythm guitarist , keyboardist and percussionist for the rock band Clutch , and lead singer for The Company Band . He also joined The Bakerton Group on guitar starting with their El Rojo album . Neil Fallon has provided guest vocals on the songs `` Two Coins for Eyes '' and `` Empire 's End '' on the 2008 album Beyond Colossal by Swedish stoner rock band Dozer ; `` Crazy Horses '' by Throat ; `` Slippin ' Out '' by Never Got Caught ; `` Mummies Wrapped in Money '' by Lionize ; and `` Blood and Thunder '' by Mastodon , on their 2004 album Leviathan ; `` Santorum Sunday School '' on 2012 album , Everything Is Not Going To Be OK by Black Clouds ; `` Transistors of Mercy '' by Polkadot Cadaver , on their 2013 album Last Call in Jonestown ; `` Ayatollah of Rock 'n' Rolla '' by Soulfly , on their 2013 album Savages ; `` Clear Light Of ... '' by Hark , on their 2014 album Crystalline . Fallon 's younger sister Mary Alice Fallon-Yeskey appears on the Food Network show Ace of Cakes as office manager of Charm City Cakes in Baltimore , Maryland . On September 12 , 2013 , Fallon announced that Clutch would have to postpone their September tour ( except for a hometown show in Baltimore , Maryland at the Shindig Festival ) , due to personal health issues . Fallon released a statement through the band 's Facebook page saying `` Dear friends , this week I 've learned that a childhood injury to the neck , a genetic predisposition for spinal disease , and 20 some years of head banging will exact a toll . I 've been diagnosed with an ugly case of cervical spinal stenosis and two herniated discs . '' Fallon had surgery on September 17 , 2013 and the band resumed their tour in October . This ordeal inspired Fallon 's lyrics in `` Decapitation Blues , '' a track on Clutch 's eleventh studio album , Psychic Warfare . Fallon lives in Silver Spring , Maryland with his family .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a3b45106fb5a4bc5a4e48e80a09e94a", "text": "Chester Bay (band) Chester Bay is an American alternative rock band formed at The University of Wisconsin , Eau Claire in 2005 with most original band members hailing from Rochester , MN . The band 's music combines aspects of reggae , folk , ska , blues , and rock and roll . The band gained initial regional popularity through energetic live shows built upon technical music ability . The group has been compared to bands like Sublime , Dispatch , Blues Traveler , O.A.R. , Spin Doctors , and Bob Marley .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a945b8e25f258a526435029cbae0fdd7", "text": "Lies Greed Misery `` Lies Greed Misery '' is a song by American rock band Linkin Park . It is the fourth track from their fifth studio album , Living Things . It has entered the UK Rock Singles Charts at number 26 , although it has n't been released as a single . The song was written by the band and produced by co-lead vocalist Mike Shinoda and Rick Rubin . `` Lies Greed Misery '' was used as a promotional single and was the reward for a scavenger hunt contest run by Linkin Park . It was used in the promotion of Medal of Honor : Warfighter and got its premier in the multiplayer trailer for the game . Its working title was `` Piledriver '' and later `` Breaking Point '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cdde70ba78a7682ecbdef66a394c0a45", "text": "Lonnie Park Lonnie Park is a musician , composer , producer , and author .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab958f6911619b4fe73dc0ebfc685977", "text": "Rose's Pawn Shop Rose 's Pawn Shop is an Americana , rock , folk and bluegrass band from Los Angeles , California . Their debut album The Arsonist was released in May 2006 . The band tours several times each year throughout the United States but has recently put a hold on touring to record a new album coming 2013 . On their new album Gravity Well , the fiercely independent young quintet known as Rose 's Pawn Shop deliver a rousing , honest set that demonstrates exactly why this multi-talented , multi-instrumental L.A.-based fivesome has quickly risen from humble D.I.Y. origins to national notoriety , winning a fiercely loyal fan base in the process . The 12 new tunes that comprise Gravity Well -- produced by Ted Hutt , renowned for his work with the likes of the Dropkick Murphys , Gaslight Anthem and the Old Crow Medicine Show -- make it clear why Rose 's Pawn Shop has earned such a fervent following . The band 's catchy , anthemic songcraft channels the raw emotional power of America 's folk , country and bluegrass traditions and puts them through a modern filter , creating timelessly resonant music . Frontman Paul Givant 's heartfelt , engaging songwriting surveys such time-honored subjects as heartache , loss , regret and redemption , echoing centuries of musical tradition while still sounding wholly contemporary . Despite the lyrics ' often-dark subject matter , the music is consistently uplifting , thanks to the musicians ' infectious instrumental interplay and soaring three - and four-part harmonies . The ensemble makes innovative use of banjo , fiddle , mandolin and upright bass , while maintaining an edgy swagger . `` I think that this music exists on two different levels , '' notes singer , guitarist and main songwriter Givant , adding , `` The songs are passionate and emotional , and sometimes sad and heartbreaking . But at the same time , the energy of the music makes you want to get up and dance and release all of that pent-up energy . '' Rose 's Pawn Shop 's musical and emotional depth is apparent on such lyrically and melodically compelling new tunes as `` What Were You Waiting For ? , '' `` Staring At the Door '' and `` On the Brink , '' which merge equal amounts of country twang and punk adrenaline . Meanwhile , gentler numbers like `` Go Get Gone , '' `` Stay All Night '' and the cinematic title track explore more introspective territory , and a memorable reading of the Dock Boggs standard `` Country Blues '' affirms the group 's instinctive understanding of its vintage influences . Growing up in the 1990s , Paul Givant absorbed a wide array of music , yet he was drawn most deeply to traditional folk and bluegrass , and inspired by the music 's ability to illuminate the tragedies and triumphs of everyday life . The influence of those genres loomed large when Givant began writing songs himself . Through various mutual friendships , chance meetings and some help from Craigslist , Givant eventually connected with kindred musical spirits John Kraus , Tim Weed , Stephen Andrews and Christian Hogan , whose musical expertise , instrumental versatility and organic rapport were ideally suited to Givant 's expansive musical vision . `` The original intent , '' Givant explains , `` was to be kind of a bluegrass version of the Pogues , fusing bluegrass instrumentation and energy with rock and punk . That 's what our first album was like : gritty , high-energy and passionate , with a lot of instrumental virtuosity . But over time , we 've evolved to be more song-focused . I think we 've retained that original energy , but now we 're more focused on crafting our arrangements so the song can shine though . '' The nascent combo got its name after Rose , Givant 's ex-girlfriend and former bandmate , stole the band 's equipment from their rehearsal space and scattered their gear amongst various pawn shops throughout North Hollywood . Fortunately , the musicians were able to recover their gear , and soon forged a formidable musical chemistry that manifested itself in their highly charged live shows , and on their 2010 release Dancing on the Gallows . Rose 's Pawn Shop 's lineup solidified and began touring intensively in time to support Dancing on the Gallows , accumulating such landmarks as month-long residencies at New York 's Parkside Lounge and L.A. 's Redwood Bar , busking in New Orleans ' fabled Jackson Square , live radio sessions on such prestigious stations as KEXP in Seattle and WMBR in Boston , well-received appearances at various prestigious music festivals , and a slot opening for Jack White 's Raconteurs , at White 's invitation , at the Henry Fonda Theatre in Los Angeles . Dancing on the Gallows spent several weeks on CMJ 's influential album chart , while receiving extensive national and international airplay on college , AAA , country and alternative radio formats . Meanwhile , the band 's diligent roadwork -- which has taken them across North America several times , along with visits to the U.K. and Ireland -- has allowed Rose 's Pawn Shop to continue winning fans and friends across the nation and around the world . `` Our travels have had a big influence on our evolution , '' Givant states . `` Meeting other bands and meeting people from all over the world at our shows has had a big influence on our songwriting , and opened us up to new musical traditions . Seeing the world in general and being away from home for long periods of time has influenced many of our songs . It 's matured us , as people and as a band . '' Rose 's Pawn Shop 's ongoing musical journey yields considerable musical rewards on Gravity Well , making it clear that the band 's creative horizons are unlimited . `` We 've always been about the music and the songs , and the expression of the human experience through music , '' says Givant . `` But we 've matured as musicians over time , and I think that that 's been reflected in the music . We 've learned that we do n't all have to play crazy at all times , and we 've learned to pick our moments to shine and deliver the songs in the most clear , concise and passionate way possible . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d0df2d1a4a1578bdab424a2db56d607", "text": "Ben Ottewell Benjamin Joseph `` Ben '' Ottewell ( born 23 June 1976 ) is an English singer-songwriter . He is one of the three lead singers of the English indie rock band Gomez . He was the recipient of the Mercury Music Award Prize in 1998 , and is well known for his `` deep , raspy voice '' and `` gravelly baritone '' . In 2011 , Ottewell embarked upon a solo-project , with the debut album Shapes & Shadows .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f679d1817660a7b647f22204d5e28869", "text": "Ben Howard Benjamin John `` Ben '' Howard ( born 24 April 1987 ) is an English singer-songwriter . He self-released his debut EP Games in the Dark ( 2008 ) followed by two more EPs , These Waters ( 2009 ) and Old Pine ( 2010 ) . He is currently signed to Island and Communion . His major debut studio album came in 2011 titled Every Kingdom followed by two more EP releases , Ben Howard Live ( 2011 ) and The Burgh Island E.P. ( 2012 ) . At the 2013 Brit Awards he received the Brit Award for British Male Solo Artist . He performed at 2013 Glastonbury festival on the Pyramid Stage on Saturday 29 June . He released his second studio album , I Forget Where We Were , in October 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a25c79acbc075eb0516ace82f2c5880a", "text": "Good Goodbye `` Good Goodbye '' is a promotional single by American rock band Linkin Park , featuring guest vocals from American rapper Pusha T and English hip hop artist Stormzy . The song is a promotional single from their seventh studio album , One More Light . The song was written by Linkin Park members , with Pusha T and Stormzy writing their own verses . The song was released for download on April 13 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bc7ab45de773ffec66082e35e3e7b9de", "text": "Black Tusk (band) Black Tusk ( often written as Blacktusk ) is an American heavy metal power trio from Savannah , Georgia . The band was formed in 2005 , when its members were all living on the same street . With the dissolution of Andrew Fidler 's ( guitar , vocals ) and Jonathan Athon 's ( bass , vocals ) crust punk band and James May 's ( drums , vocals ) street punk band , Andrew and Athon went down the street to James ' house and asked him if he wanted to play with them . During the next few days they jammed continuously , and within a few months they had recorded the EP When Kingdoms Fall , which was released on Wrecked Signal . Two years later the band self-released their first full-length studio album , The Fallen Kingdom , followed by another a year later with Passage Through Purgatory , released through the local label Hyperrealist Records . In 2009 , Black Tusk released a series of split albums with bands such as ASG , The Holy Mountain , and Fight Amp , before sign to Relapse Records in November . The band released its debut for Relapse , Taste the Sin , in May 2010 . Black Tusk is mostly associated with Baroness and Kylesa , for their shared hometown of Savannah , as well as for their sludge metal sound . The band is linked to Baroness ' guitarist and vocalist John Dyer Baizley , who is also a painter and creates all of Black Tusk 's artwork . Black Tusk 's members describe their music as `` swamp metal , '' a term that has been described by Allmusic as `` the murkiest , dirtiest sludge to come out of Savannah since Kylesa '' . The term is a reference to the climate of Savannah in relation to the music that the band create . Reviewing the album , Taste the Sin , Pitchfork Media stated that the band 's blend of hardcore punk and stoner metal `` works to capitalize on the immediacy of its chosen genres and not to bend them into obscurity . '' Black Tusk acknowledges its punk rock origins , but prefer not to cite a list of bands that influence them because they feel that it is ineffective since they are not `` trying to emulate any one band 's style or any one genre 's sound . '' On November 9 , 2014 , band member Jonathan Athon died due to injuries sustained from a motorcycle accident . He was placed in a medically-induced coma and , per his wishes , was pulled from life support after it was determined that he had irreparable brain damage . On December 10 , 2014 , the band confirmed they would be touring with Black Label Society in early 2015 , with Corey Barhorst filling in on bass duties , as well as confirmed they finished the recording of their next album prior to the death of Jonathan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "71f84ebc1ba72db9fef1a31612d95e98", "text": "Geoff Tate Geoff Tate ( born Jeffrey Wayne Tate , January 14 , 1959 ; he later changed his first name to Geoffery or Geoffrey ) is a German-born American singer and musician . He rose to fame with the progressive metal band Queensrÿche , who had commercial success with their 1988 album Operation : Mindcrime and 1990 album Empire . Tate is ranked fourteenth on Hit Paraders list of the 100 Greatest Metal Vocalists of All Time . He was voted No. 2 on That Metal Show 's top 5 hard rock vocalists of the 1980s . In 2012 , he won the Vegas Rocks ! Magazine Music Award for `` Voice in Progressive Heavy Metal '' . In 2015 , he placed ninth on OC Weekly 's list of the 10 Best High-Pitched Metal Singers . After his farewell tour as Queensrÿche , he renamed his band Operation : Mindcrime , after the Queensrÿche album of the same name .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d77eb99be92e19d418c90ae470c4aaf3", "text": "No Pleasantries No Pleasantries is the debut album of American post-grunge band U.P.O. Released on May 30 , 2000 , the album broke U.P.O. into the mainstream rock scene and was their most successful release . It was made available on iTunes on September 22 , 2004 . In promotion of No Pleasantries , U.P.O. toured throughout 2000 with popular acts such as Linkin Park , Nickelback , Godsmack , and 3 Doors Down . July saw the group joining Slipknot , Slayer , and Metallica on the Tattoo the Earth Tour . U.P.O. played two more shows in 2001 before their brief hiatus .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5769efafdfdc996ffa93fcfeb059cdff", "text": "Folk rock Folk rock is a music genre combining elements of folk music and rock music . In its earliest and narrowest sense , the term referred to a genre that arose in the United States and the United Kingdom around the mid-1960s . The genre was pioneered by the Los Angeles band the Byrds , who began playing traditional folk music and songs by Bob Dylan with rock instrumentation . The term `` folk rock '' was coined by the U.S. music press to describe the Byrds ' music in June 1965 , the month in which the band 's debut album was issued . The release of the Byrds ' 1965 cover version of Dylan 's `` Mr. Tambourine Man '' and its subsequent commercial success , along with Dylan 's own recordings with rock instrumentation -- on the albums Bringing It All Back Home ( 1965 ) , Highway 61 Revisited ( 1965 ) , and Blonde on Blonde ( 1966 ) -- initiated an explosion of folk rock groups the mid-1960s . Dylan 's appearance at the Newport Folk Festival on 25 July 1965 , with an electric band backing him , was also a pivotal moment in the development of the genre . A distinct , eclectic style of electric folk was created in Britain and Europe in the late 1960s by Pentangle , Fairport Convention and Alan Stivell . Inspired by British psychedelic folk and the North American style of folk rock , Pentangle , Fairport , and other related bands began to incorporate elements of traditional British folk music into their repertoire . Fairport bassist Ashley Hutchings formed Steeleye Span with traditionalist folk musicians who wished to incorporate overt rock elements into their music , and this led to other variants , including the overtly English folk rock of the Albion Band ( also featuring Hutchings ) and the more prolific current of Celtic rock . In a broader sense , folk rock includes later similarly inspired musical genres and movements in the English-speaking world .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "37e6115f9d661ae7694247ae4408e031", "text": "Petrified/Remember the Name `` Petrified/Remember the Name '' is a double single by American hip hop artist Fort Minor , the side project of rock band Linkin Park 's co-lead vocalist Mike Shinoda . It is the first single from his 2005 album The Rising Tied , released on October 3 , 2005 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "80551312e8091f95b966d8af33bbf27f", "text": "Andrea Parkins Andrea Parkins is an American composer , sound artist , performer and improvisational musician based in New York . She is known for her inventive explorations on the electric accordion , generative sound processing , and arrangements of objects and sound . Parkins received a BFA from Tufts University and MFA from Mason Gross School of the Arts , Rutgers University . Parkins 's work is influenced by the compositional strategies of John Cage and Fluxus and pays homage to musique concrète and 1970s analog synth . Parkins often incorporates electronically processed accordion , customized sound processing , live tape manipulation , analog effects boxes , laptop electronics , acoustic piano , sampling , and amplified objects . Her method and sound were characterized by LA Weekly as : `` The big , varied , confidently conceived abstractions Parkins yanks from her squeezebox , laptop , effects devices and maybe piano -- cloudy and cranky one minute , surgically sharp the next . '' With an unconventional approach to instruments , Parkins `` fragments the instrument 's traditional vocabulary and expands its capabilities with electronics and extended techniques . '' Recently Andrea Parkins has been developing a series of interactive sound and image works inspired by the structures of Rube Goldberg 's circuitous machines . Describing this organizational approach Stephen Bezan remarked : `` the individual sounds manipulated by Parkins seem to interact and influence the outcome of the other , crafting a goal-oriented structure based on timbre , not harmony or rhythm . This approach transcends the inherent cacophony of the material and reveals a genuinely organic , even playful quality to her work . '' Parkins has described her Rube Goldberg approach as a means for examining slippages between object and meaning . She observed : `` An important conceptual thread running through these pieces is the discovery and expression of metaphors for the slippage and tension between object and meaning that occurs through the passage of time . '' Describing her intentions , Parkins noted : `` As both a sonic and visual artist , I try to build and layer idiosyncratic systems and structures that point to these shifts in meaning . '' Andrea Parkins has toured and exhibited internationally and has been presented at the Whitney Museum of American Art , The Kitchen , Experimental Intermedia , and Diapason Gallery for Sound and Intermedia . She has collaborated with musicians such as Nels Cline , Jim Black , Ellery Eskelin , David Watson , David Fenech , Fred Frith , Thomas Lehn , Günter Müller , and Otomo Yoshihide and choreographers Olive Bieringa and Otto Ramstad from the BodyCartography Project . Parkins has been the recipient of various grants , awards , and residencies including Meet the Composer , New York State Council for the Arts , Harvestworks Media Art Center , in New York City , Frei und Hanseastadt Hamburg Kulturbehoerde , in Germany , and CESTA in the Czech Republic .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "26206befc0560660cabdba96b85a0cac", "text": "Ben Kyle Ben Kyle ( born May 21 , 1981 ) is an Irish-American singer-songwriter and multi-instrumentalist . He is best known as the lead singer and songwriter for the Americana band Romantica . Kyle 's singing style has been compared to those of Jeff Tweedy and Ryan Adams .", "title": "" } ]	fever
cb0484b680ec36c21f29e40e03c9df01	Marvel Studios was announced to be the company that would develop Black Panther.	[ { "docid": "43a213028ff9f6ca059fe08aa301f8e3", "text": "Black Panther (film) Black Panther is an upcoming American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name . Produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures , it is intended to be the eighteenth film installment of the Marvel Cinematic Universe . The film is directed by Ryan Coogler from a screenplay by himself and Joe Robert Cole , and stars Chadwick Boseman as T'Challa / Black Panther , alongside Michael B. Jordan , Lupita Nyong ` o , Danai Gurira , Martin Freeman , Daniel Kaluuya , Angela Bassett , Forest Whitaker , and Andy Serkis . In Black Panther , T'Challa returns home as king of Wakanda but finds his sovereignty challenged by a long-time adversary in a conflict that has global consequences . Wesley Snipes first mentioned his intention to work on a Black Panther film in 1992 , with that project going through multiple iterations over the next decade but never coming to fruition . A Black Panther film was announced as one of the ten Marvel films that would be developed by Marvel Studios and distributed by Paramount Pictures in September 2005 , with Mark Bailey hired to write a script in January 2011 . Black Panther was officially announced in October 2014 , with Boseman appearing first in Captain America : Civil War . By the end of 2015 , Cole and Coogler had both joined the film , and additional cast members came on board beginning in May 2016 . Principal photography for the film took place from January to April 2017 , at EUE/Screen Gems Studios and Pinewood Atlanta Studios in the Atlanta metropolitan area , and Busan , South Korea . Black Panther is set to be released in the United States on February 16 , 2018 , in IMAX .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "6a9f2b491c92f4f072177cb5b0ea79c4", "text": "Captain Marvel (Mar-Vell) Captain Marvel ( Mar-Vell ) is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . The character was created by writer-editor Stan Lee and designed by artist Gene Colan and first appeared in Marvel Super-Heroes # 12 ( December 1967 ) . The character debuted during the Silver Age of comic books and has made many appearances since then , including a self-titled series and the second volume of the Marvel Spotlight series . Captain Marvel was ranked 24th in IGN 's list of `` The Top 50 Avengers '' and has appeared in television series and video games .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "66104da057d16380d6dae935f0bcd161", "text": "William Gaines William Maxwell `` Bill '' Gaines ( -LSB- geɪnz -RSB- March 1 , 1922 -- June 3 , 1992 ) , was an American publisher and co-editor of EC Comics . Following a shift in EC 's direction in 1950 , Gaines presided over what became an artistically influential and historically important line of mature-audience comics . He published the popular satirical magazine Mad for over 40 years . He was posthumously inducted into the comic book industry 's Will Eisner Comic Book Hall of Fame ( 1993 ) and the Jack Kirby Hall of Fame ( 1997 ) . In 2012 , he was inducted into the Ghastly Awards ' Hall of Fame .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a913a508bcb016d99cd6c7e4975a6a1", "text": "Major film studio A major film studio is a production and film distributor that releases a substantial number of films annually and consistently commands a significant share of box office revenue in a given market . In the North American , Western , and global markets , the major film studios , often simply known as the majors , are commonly regarded as the six diversified media conglomerates whose various film production and distribution subsidiaries collectively command approximately 80 to 85 percent of U.S. and Canadian box office revenue . The term may also be applied more specifically to the primary motion picture business subsidiary of each respective conglomerate . The `` Big Six '' majors , whose operations are based in or around the Los Angeles neighborhood of Hollywood , are all centered in film studios active during Hollywood 's Golden Age of the 1930s and 1940s . In three cases -- 20th Century Fox , Warner Bros. , and Paramount -- the studios were one of the `` Big Five '' majors during that era as well . In two cases -- Columbia and Universal -- the studios were also considered majors , but in the next tier down , part of the `` Little Three '' . In the sixth case , Walt Disney Studios was an independent production company during the Golden Age ; it was an important Hollywood entity , but not a major . Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , United Artists , and RKO were majors . Today , Disney is the only member of the Big Six whose parent entity is still located near Los Angeles ( actually , on Disney 's studio lot and in the same building ) . The five others report to conglomerates headquartered in New York City , Philadelphia , and Tokyo . Of the Big Six , Paramount is the only one still based in Hollywood , and Paramount and Fox are the only ones still located within the Los Angeles city limits , while Disney and Warner Bros. are located in Burbank , Columbia in Culver City , and Universal in the unincorporated area of Universal City . Most of today 's Big Six control subsidiaries with their own distribution networks that concentrate on arthouse pictures ( e.g. Fox Searchlight Pictures ) or genre films ( e.g. Sony 's Screen Gems ) ; several of these specialty units were shut down or sold off between 2008 and 2010 . The six major studios are contrasted with smaller production and/or distribution companies , which are known as independents or `` indies '' . The leading independent producer/distributors -- Lionsgate Films , The Weinstein Company , and former major studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer -- are sometimes referred to as `` mini-majors '' . From 1998 through 2005 , DreamWorks SKG commanded a large enough market share to arguably qualify it as a seventh major , despite its relatively small output . In 2006 , DreamWorks was acquired by Viacom , Paramount 's corporate parent . In late 2008 , DreamWorks once again became an independent production company ; its films were distributed by Disney 's Touchstone Pictures until 2016 , at which point distribution switched to Universal . The Big Six major studios are today primarily backers and distributors of films whose actual production is largely handled by independent companies -- either long-running entities or ones created for and dedicated to the making of a specific film . The specialty divisions often simply acquire distribution rights to pictures in which the studio has had no prior involvement . While the majors still do a modicum of true production , their activities are focused more in the areas of development , financing , marketing , and merchandising . Those business functions are still usually performed in or near Los Angeles , even though the runaway production phenomenon means that most films are now mostly or completely shot on location at places outside Los Angeles . Since the dawn of filmmaking , the U.S. major film studios have dominated both American cinema and the global film industry . U.S. studios have benefited from a strong first-mover advantage in that they were the first to industrialize filmmaking and master the art of mass-producing and distributing high-quality films with broad cross-cultural appeal . Today , the Big Six majors routinely distribute hundreds of films every year into all significant international markets ( that is , where discretionary income is high enough for consumers to afford to watch films ) . It is very rare , if not impossible , for a film to reach a broad international audience on multiple continents and in multiple languages without first being picked up by one of the majors for distribution .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d234d4a641c49429238cb1950043a61a", "text": "Events from the Modern Age of Comic Books One of the key aspects of the Modern Age of Comic Books was that it was the beginning of big events . In 1984 , Marvel Comics debuted the first large crossover , Secret Wars , a storyline featuring the company 's most prolific superheroes , which overlapped into a 12-issue limited series and many monthly comic books . A year later , DC Comics introduced its first large scale crossover , Crisis on Infinite Earths , which had long-term effects on the `` DC Universe '' continuity . In the early and mid-1990s , big events were regularly published by Marvel and DC , often leading to extra publicity and sales . These events helped fend-off competition from Image Comics , and such events were more likely to become `` collector 's items . '' Some events , such as DC 's `` Zero Hour '' and Marvel 's `` Onslaught saga '' spanned a publisher 's entire line while others only affected a `` family '' of interrelated titles . The X-Men and Batman franchises featured crossovers almost annually . Some of the most significant mid-1990s events , such as Spider-Man 's `` Clone Saga , '' Batman 's `` Batman : Knightfall '' and particularly , `` The Death of Superman '' caused dramatic changes to long-running characters and received coverage in the mainstream media . These events led to significant sales boosts and publicity , but many fans began to criticize them as excessive and lacking compelling storytelling . They also complained that monthly series had become inaccessible because one had to follow a number of comics to understand the full storyline . By the end of the 1990s , the number of large crossovers decreased , but they were still launched sporadically .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b78bfc5ff158a15a2295c620c6fffd3d", "text": "Black Power movement The Black Power movement was a political movement to achieve a form of Black Power and the many philosophies it contains . The movement saw various forms of activism some violent and some peaceful , all hoping to achieve black empowerment . The Black Power movement also represented socialist movements , all with the general motivation of improving the standing of black people in society . Originated during the Civil Rights Movement , some doubted the philosophy of the movement begging for more radical action , taking influences from Malcolm X . The cornerstone of the movement was the Black Panther Party , a Black Power organization dedicated to socialism and the use of violence to achieve it . The Black Power movement developed in the criticisms of the Civil Rights Movement in the early 1960s , and over time and into the 1970s , the movement grew and became more violent . After years of violence , many left the movement and the police began arresting violent actors in the movement . The Black Power movement also spilled out into the Caribbean creating the Black Power Revolution . Motivated by principles of community control , Black Power activists founded scores of institutions and services , including black-owned bookstores , food cooperatives , farms , media , printing presses , schools , clinics , and ambulance services .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e700a9680540bc1e0014e24e0e0d274", "text": "Hollywood blacklist The Hollywood blacklist -- as the broader entertainment industry blacklist is generally known -- was the practice of denying employment to screenwriters , actors , directors , musicians , and other American entertainment professionals during the mid-20th century because they were accused of having Communist ties or sympathies . Artists were barred from work on the basis of their alleged membership in or sympathy with the Communist Party USA or refusal to assist investigations into the party 's activities . Even during the period of its strictest enforcement , the late 1940s through the late 1950s , the blacklist was rarely made explicit or verifiable , but it directly damaged the careers of scores of individuals working in the film industry . The first systematic Hollywood blacklist was instituted on November 25 , 1947 , the day after ten writers and directors were cited for contempt of Congress for refusing to testify to the House Un-American Activities Committee . A group of studio executives , acting under the aegis of the Association of Motion Picture Producers , fired the artists -- the so-called Hollywood Ten -- and made what has become known as the Waldorf Statement . On June 22 , 1950 , a pamphlet entitled Red Channels was published . Focused on the field of broadcasting , it identified 151 entertainment industry professionals in the context of `` Red Fascists and their sympathizers . '' Soon , most of those named , along with a host of other artists , were barred from employment in most of the entertainment field . The blacklist lasted until 1960 , when Dalton Trumbo , a Communist Party member from 1943 to 1948 and member of the Hollywood Ten , was credited as the screenwriter of the highly successful film Exodus , and later publicly acknowledged by actor Kirk Douglas for writing the screenplay for the movie Spartacus . A number of those blacklisted , however , were still barred from work in their professions for years afterward .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "00a47f45a8903ab372e4f8938ed1c815", "text": "List of accolades received by BioShock Infinite BioShock Infinite is a first-person shooter video game developed by Irrational Games and published by 2K Games . Players assume control of Booker DeWitt ( Troy Baker ) , who is sent to rescue Elizabeth ( Courtnee Draper ) from her captivity on the floating air city of Columbia . The game 's development was led by creative director Ken Levine . The game was officially announced on August 12 , 2010 , and was widely anticipated . At the Spike Video Game Awards , it was nominated Most Anticipated Game three times . Following its previews at the Electronic Entertainment Expo , the game won numerous awards , including Best of Show from several gaming publications . It was released worldwide on March 26 , 2013 for Microsoft Windows , PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 . Review aggregator Metacritic assigned the game a normalized score of 94 out of 100 , indicating `` universal acclaim '' , based on 27 and 68 reviews for the Windows and PlayStation 3 versions , respectively ; the Xbox 360 version received 93 out of 100 based on 33 reviews . Within four months of its release , BioShock Infinite sold approximately four million copies , and eleven million by June 2015 . BioShock Infinite garnered awards and nominations in a variety of categories with particular praise for its music , story , visual design , characters , and the acting of its cast . At the 17th Annual DICE Awards , the game received six nominations and went on to win two awards : Action Game of the Year , and Outstanding Achievement in Original Music Composition . The game earned four nominations at the 10th British Academy Video Games Awards , winning Original Music . At IGN 's Best of 2013 , the game garnered twenty nominations and went on to win nine awards , including Best Overall Shooter Game and Best Overall Graphics for Art Design . At the 14th Annual Game Developers Choice Awards , BioShock Infinite won Best Audio and Best Visual Art . The game received nine nominations at the Spike VGX , winning Best Shooter , Best Song in a Game and Character of the Year . At the National Academy of Video Game Trade Reviewers Awards , the game received eleven nominations , with Courtnee Draper winning Supporting Performance in a Drama . The game appeared on several year-end lists of the best games of 2013 , receiving Game of the Year wins from the Associated Press , CNN , Electronic Gaming Monthly , Entertainment Weekly , Forbes , and Games .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2b8c8085016bfdb091f17fe3b98fcf31", "text": "Batwing (DC Comics) Batwing is a fictional comic book superhero appearing in publications by DC Comics . Within DC Comics internal continuity , Batwing is one of several superheroes patterned after the famous superhero Batman . Batwing , in particular , was conceived by Batman as his crime-fighting counterpart overseas , ` the Batman of Africa ' . The first Batwing is David Zavimbe , a Congolese police officer , created by writer Grant Morrison within the pages of Batman Incorporated prior to receiving his own eponymous series . Following later events within Batman Incorporated and Batwing , Zavimbe is replaced in the role by Luke Fox , an American mixed martial artist who had been Batman 's first choice in the role , who is also the son of Batman 's close associate Lucius Fox . Batwing faces a roster of adversaries ranging from international super villains to the Democratic Republic of Congo 's corrupt police force . Batwing expands the DC Universe by taking place in Africa , making David Zavimbe both the first ( in continuity ) black Batman and one of the few characters headlining a series outside the United States . Fox is also black , and becomes the first in-continuity African American Batman .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5634cf8095139d0e09af1034178a7070", "text": "Dark X-Men The Dark X-Men are a fictional team appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . They made their debut during the crossover between Dark Avengers and Uncanny X-Men written by Matt Fraction , as part of the broader Dark Reign storyline . Each member but Namor has been handpicked by then -- H.A.M.M.E.R. director Norman Osborn for his own criminal agenda . The team was never officially called the `` Dark X-Men '' ( which was the name of the comics series , not the team ) . Instead , they were simply called the `` X-Men '' and were a government-sponsored team trying to take advantage of the name recognition of Charles Xavier 's X-Men , to which they had no official connection ( much like Osborn 's Avengers team was pretending to be the real Avengers ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6c6fdda7ad5031160cd87e2695f485a5", "text": "Ultimate Comics: The Ultimates Ultimate Comics : The Ultimates is an ongoing monthly comic book series published by Marvel Comics that made its debut in September 2011 as part of the second re-launch of Ultimate Marvel . Through the `` Ultimate Universe Reborn '' tagline following the `` Death of Spider-Man '' and written by Jonathan Hickman with art by Esad Ribic , the series also serves as a continuation of elements from Ultimate Comics : Fallout , and exists alongside other relaunched Ultimate Marvel titles including Ultimate Comics : Spider-Man and Ultimate Comics : X-Men . The series continues the adventures of the Ultimates , including Nick Fury , Thor and Iron Man .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4f70baff569a8022a98a92db2243646a", "text": "Avengers vs. X-Men Avengers vs. X-Men ( abbreviated AvX and AvsX ) is a 2012 crossover event that was featured in comic books published by Marvel Comics . The event , consisting of an eponymous limited series and numerous tie-in books , involves the return of the Phoenix Force and the subsequent war between the Avengers and the X-Men . The 12-issue twice-monthly series was first published in April 2012 , and features a storyline by Jason Aaron , Brian Michael Bendis , Ed Brubaker , Jonathan Hickman and Matt Fraction , with a rotating team of artists including John Romita , Jr. , Olivier Coipel and Adam Kubert . The event was preceded by the four-issue limited series Avengers : X-Sanction by Jeph Loeb and Ed McGuinness and Avengers vs. X-Men # 0 . Avengers vs. X-Men also ties into the limited series AVX : VS , described as `` the fight book '' which expands upon many of the one-on-one battles featured in the main series , the digital series ; Avengers vs. X-Men : Infinite , and into a number of ongoing series including Avengers , Avengers Academy , New Avengers , Secret Avengers , Uncanny X-Men , Wolverine and the X-Men and X-Men : Legacy . The event was succeeded by the limited series AvX : Consequences . Despite receiving mixed reviews from critics , Avengers vs. X-Men was a commercial success that topped the comic-book sales charts from April to October 2012 . The repercussions of the storyline resulted in the new status quos of the Marvel Universe presented in the company 's Marvel NOW ! relaunch initiative .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3993cc87baf92140281e19d5c6af99fa", "text": "Shadowland (comics) `` Shadowland '' is a 2010 Marvel Comics storyline centering on Daredevil and other `` street-level '' superheroes in the Marvel Universe . The storyline started in the Daredevil comic and was expanded upon in the Shadowland five-issue mini series as well as four tie-in mini series , four one-shots , and two issues of Thunderbolts . The storyline was collected into seven individual hard cover and soft cover Trade paperbacks in 2011 . The story chronicles Daredevils ' return to Hell 's Kitchen after he becomes the leader of the Hand Ninja clan . He builds a temple/prison in Hell 's Kitchen , the eponymous Shadowland . His methods get more extreme as he kills long-time adversary Bullseye . The change in attitude brings him and his ally White Tiger in conflict with a number of street level super-heroes such as Spider-Man , Luke Cage , Iron Fist , Moon Knight and more . The storyline also introduces a new Power Man to the Marvel Universe . The heroes later realize that Daredevil has become possessed by the Beast of the Hand , which explains why Daredevil 's actions have become more and more extreme and erratic . The heroes are helped out by the Kingpin and Lady Bullseye as they try to preserve the Kingpin 's criminal empire . In the final moments of the story Iron Fist uses his mystical chi to heal Daredevil , releasing the demon inside him . In an act of sacrifice Daredevil kills himself before the Beast can take control of him again , breaking the spell the Beast had on Hell 's Kitchen . Afterwards his corpse disappears , apparently to be revived by Elektra at the conclusion of the event .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "40959f8d3abb23b5b06a6c913ab273ac", "text": "Animation studio An animation studio is a company producing animated media . The broadest such companies conceive of products to produce , own the physical equipment for production , employ operators for that equipment , and hold a major stake in the sales or rentals of the media produced . They also own rights over merchandising and creative rights for characters created/held by the company , much like authors holding copyrights . In some early cases , they also held patent rights over methods of animation used in certain studios that were used for boosting productivity . Overall , they are business concerns and can function as such in legal terms . Currently there are about 201 animation studios dedicated to the production and distribution of animated films that are active . Few are actual production house where as others are corporate entities . Many of these animation studios help with the fulfillment of animation works for big brand names and have carried out outsourced projects including Nemo .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "82f20332282f3b0f89cff0cf11b92f2f", "text": "Black Panther (video game) Black Panther is a beat 'em up run and gun arcade game released by Konami in 1987 . You play a cybernetic black panther cat who has to save the Earth by clawing , jumping or shooting balls at enemies to kill them . You collect power-ups and defeat bosses to advance levels . Category :1987 video games Category : Arcade games Category : Arcade-only games Category : Platform games Category : Konami games Category : Beat 'em ups Category : Run and gun games", "title": "" }, { "docid": "76e21d3c01504faa5099b793d668a386", "text": "Secret War (comics) Secret War is a 2004 -- 2005 five-issue comic book limited series published by Marvel Comics . The series is written by Brian Michael Bendis and painted by Gabriele Dell ` Otto . It is loosely based on classified operations told to Bendis by an anonymous high-ranking officer in the United States Intelligence Community during Bendis ' childhood . The storyline involves a large-scale super-hero crossover featuring Marvel characters such as Spider-Man , Captain America , Wolverine , Daredevil , Luke Cage and Nick Fury fighting a wide array of super-villains who have received hi-tech armaments from a mysterious benefactor . The first issue was published in April 2004 , and though intended originally as a bimonthly publication , it faced long delays . It was completed with issue five 's publication in December 2005 . The aftermath of the series was explored in stories in The Pulse and Bendis has gone on to use many of the same characters in his New Avengers titles . This event begins an eight-year-long series of cross-over events ending with Avengers vs. X-Men . The storyline in Secret War is unrelated to the original Secret Wars and Secret Wars II crossover limited series which Marvel published in the mid-1980s , although its title is clearly inspired by them . Those stories received their own spiritual successor in Beyond ! , published in 2006 . Bendis has noted that Secret War is connected to the `` Secret Invasion '' storyline , in which Skrulls have infiltrated several institutions of Earth .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab776c8e054188f0657ac63f8105ecf6", "text": "Film series A film series ( also referred to as a film franchise ) is a collection of related films in succession that share the same fictional universe , or are marketed as a series . Sometimes the work is conceived from the beginning as a multiple-film work , for example the Three Colours series , but in most cases the success of the original film inspires further films to be made . Individual sequels are relatively common , but are not always successful enough to spawn further installments . The Marvel Cinematic Universe is the highest grossing film series in unadjusted US Dollar figures surpassing the Harry Potter , Star Wars , James Bond , and Peter Jackson 's The Lord of the Rings series . However , `` Star Wars '' has the highest when adjusted for inflation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "29aa14bee0c8fbc436f762022f1fa8d9", "text": "Fantastic Four Adventures Fantastic Four Adventures is part of Marvel UK 's ` Collector 's Edition ' line . It is being published by Panini Comics but reprints Marvel Comics from the United States . It began in 2005 around the release of the Fantastic Four film and follows the format established by the Collector 's Edition Range . Fantastic Four Adventures is sold once every 28 days through newsagents , although a subscription offer is available . Fantastic Four Adventures retailed at # 2.40 upon its release , but rising in printing costs have seen the price rise to # 2.50 and then onto the current price of # 2.95 . It was announced at the end of 2011 that Fantastic Four Adventures would cease publication with its final issue in March 2012 , only to be replaced by a new CE , Incredible Hulks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "788f00e7c18db1dd23ed82c4f7ad92bb", "text": "W'Kabi W'Kabi is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . W'Kabi will appear in the upcoming film Black Panther , portrayed by Daniel Kaluuya .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ac5df3601503ece0c862e88dddd60812", "text": "Milestone Media Milestone Media is a company best known for creating Milestone Comics , which were published and distributed by DC Comics , and the Static Shock cartoon series . It was founded in 1993 by a coalition of African-American artists and writers , consisting of Dwayne McDuffie , Denys Cowan , Michael Davis , and Derek T. Dingle . The founders believed that minorities were severely underrepresented in American comics , and wished Milestone Media to address this .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d7b7bd08a8e84f087bfec3e69a5c1f9", "text": "Image Comics Image Comics is an American comic book publisher . It was founded in 1992 by several high-profile illustrators as a venue where comics creators could publish their material without giving up the copyrights to the characters they created , as creator-owned properties . It was immediately successful , and remains one of the largest comic book publishers in North America . Its output was originally dominated by superhero and fantasy series from the studios of the Image partners , but now includes comics in many genres by numerous independent creators . Its best-known series include Spawn , Savage Dragon , Witchblade , The Darkness , Invincible , The Walking Dead , Saga , and Chew .", "title": "" } ]	fever
2c9010c0a3db3cd80f3aa989265f5ae2	Houston economy has a base in aeronautics.	[ { "docid": "2d8dfd9b4128db0f8eeed1314750dcf5", "text": "Houston Houston ( -LSB- ˈhjuːstən -RSB- ) is the most populous city in the state of Texas and the fourth-most populous city in the United States . With a census-estimated 2014 population of 2.239 million within an area of 667 sqmi , it is also the largest city in the southern United States and the seat of Harris County . Located in Southeast Texas near the Gulf of Mexico , it is the principal city of the Greater Houston metro area , which is the fifth-most populated MSA in the United States . Houston was founded on August 28 , 1836 , near the banks of Buffalo Bayou ( now known as Allen 's Landing ) and incorporated as a city on June 5 , 1837 . The city was named after former General Sam Houston , who was president of the Republic of Texas and had commanded and won at the Battle of San Jacinto 25 mi east of where the city was established . The burgeoning port and railroad industry , combined with oil discovery in 1901 , has induced continual surges in the city 's population . In the mid-20th century , Houston became the home of the Texas Medical Center -- the world 's largest concentration of healthcare and research institutions -- and NASA 's Johnson Space Center , where the Mission Control Center is located . Houston 's economy has a broad industrial base in energy , manufacturing , aeronautics , and transportation . Leading in health care sectors and building oilfield equipment , outside of New York City , Houston has more Fortune 500 headquarters than any other U.S. municipality within its city limits . The Port of Houston ranks first in the United States in international waterborne tonnage handled and second in total cargo tonnage handled . Nicknamed the `` Space City '' , Houston is a global city , with strengths in business , international trade , entertainment , culture , media , fashion , science , sports , technology , education , medicine , and research . The city has a population from various ethnic and religious backgrounds and a large and growing international community . Houston is the most diverse city in Texas and has been described as the most racially and ethnically diverse major metropolis in the U.S. . It is home to many cultural institutions and exhibits , which attract more than 7 million visitors a year to the Museum District . Houston has an active visual and performing arts scene in the Theater District and offers year-round resident companies in all major performing arts .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "44d5a0c709cd1f1a11732b2a4d3c40a1", "text": "Curtiss-Wright The Curtiss-Wright Corporation is an American-based , global diversified product manufacturer and service provider for the commercial , industrial , defense and energy markets . Created in 1929 from the consolidation of Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Company , Wright Aeronautical ( founded by Glenn L. Martin and the Wright Brothers as Wright-Martin ) , and various supplier companies , by the end of World War II it was the largest aircraft manufacturer in the United States , supplying whole aircraft in large numbers to the U.S. Armed Forces . It has since evolved away from final assembly of finished aircraft , becoming a component manufacturer specializing in actuators , aircraft controls , valves , and surface treatment services . It also is a supplier to commercial nuclear power , nuclear navy systems , industrial vehicles and to the oil and gas industries .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f46561196c56583d00983eac1a1524cf", "text": "Service economy Service economy can refer to one or both of two recent economic developments : The increased importance of the service sector in industrialized economies . The current list of Fortune 500 companies contains more service companies and fewer manufacturers than in previous decades . The relative importance of service in a product offering . The service economy in developing countries is mostly concentrated in financial services , hospitality , retail , health , human services , information technology and education . Products today have a higher service component than in previous decades . In the management literature this is referred to as the servitization of products or a product-service system . Virtually every product today has a service component to it . The old dichotomy between product and service has been replaced by a service-product continuum . Many products are being transformed into services . For example , IBM treats its business as a service business . Although it still manufactures computers , it sees the physical goods as a small part of the `` business solutions '' industry . They have found that the price elasticity of demand for `` business solutions '' is much less than for hardware . There has been a corresponding shift to a subscription pricing model . Rather than receiving a single payment for a piece of manufactured equipment , many manufacturers are now receiving a steady stream of revenue for ongoing contracts . Full cost accounting and most accounting reform and monetary reform measures are usually thought to be impossible to achieve without a good model of the service economy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7504578fd80ff3a343a4c5bc911289fa", "text": "Ball Aerospace & Technologies Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp. ( commonly Ball Aerospace ) is an American manufacturer of spacecraft , components , and instruments for national defense , civil space and commercial space applications . The company is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ball Corporation ( NYSE : BLL ) , with primary offices in Boulder and facilities in Broomfield and Westminster in Colorado , with smaller offices in New Mexico , Ohio , Northern Virginia , Missouri , and Maryland . Ball Aerospace began building pointing controls for military rockets in 1956 , and later won a contract to build one of NASA 's first spacecraft , the Orbiting Solar Observatory . Over the years , the company has been responsible for numerous technological and scientific projects and continues to provide aerospace technology to NASA and related industries . Ball Aerospace also has many other products and services for the aerospace industry , including lubricants , optical systems , star trackers and antennas . As a wholly owned subsidiary of the Ball Corporation , Ball Aerospace was cited in 2014 as the 88th largest defense contractor in the world . Both parent and subsidiary headquarters are co-located in Broomfield , Colorado .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca0c75d2e54a9f419f0a72046d6f5b7a", "text": "Houston House Apartments Houston House Apartments is a 31-story apartment complex in the Skyline District of Downtown Houston , Texas , United States . The building , located in the southern portion of Downtown , has 396 apartments . Kirksey architecture firm designed the building , which opened in 1966 . Since 1983 Larry Hill of Sumar Realty Corp. and a group of investors have owned the building as part of a partnership . As of 2007 the building had a 90 % occupancy rate , and it was one of the few residential buildings in Downtown Houston that had been in operation for around 40 years . Several years prior to 2010 , the owners tried to sell the building to a Chicago company , NVG Residential . NVG planned to close on the property in January 2008 . After the planned acquisition NVG planned to install new windows , re-paint the exterior , improve the lobby and the 9th and 10th floor amenity areas . In the amenity areas the company planned to install a business and fitness center , and updated club house , a basketball court , a pool , and an outdoor dining area . The deal with the Chicago firm failed . By 2010 Hill and his business partners began a planned over $ 10 million renovation of the building . In 2007 a vehicle driving in the apartment complex 's garage punched through the wall of the garage and landed wheels up on another downtown building . The driver died in the crash .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "50e5ffbd9986322ced413e3a4d1202b2", "text": "Marathon Oil Marathon Oil Corporation is an American petroleum and natural gas exploration and production company headquartered in the Marathon Oil Tower in Houston , Texas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d99bc8c88736cbd7c7f29abc2216df96", "text": "Saint-Hubert, Quebec Saint-Hubert ( -LSB- seɪntˈhjuːbərt -RSB- , -LSB- sɛ̃t ‿ ybɛʁ -RSB- , -LSB- sẽɪ̯̃t͡s ‿ ybaɛ̯ʁ -RSB- ) is a borough in the city of Longueuil , located in the Montérégie region of Quebec , Canada . It had been a separate city prior to January 1 , 2002 , when it along with several other neighbouring south shore municipalities were merged into Longueuil . According to the Quebec Statistics Institute , Saint-Hubert had 78,336 in 2006 . The area of the borough is 65.98 km ² . Longueuil 's city hall is now located in Saint-Hubert . Saint-Hubert is located about 14 kilometers ( almost 9 miles ) from downtown Montreal . The borough has a wide array of commercial , industrial and agricultural enterprises . The aerospace industry is arguably the most important of these enterprises . Pratt & Whitney Canada designs and manufactures jet engines at a plant near Saint-Hubert Airport . The Canadian Space Agency has its head office in the borough . The École nationale d'aérotechnique , a school that teaches aeronautics is located in the borough and operated by Collège Édouard-Montpetit .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "45b265f14064c0e75c18a0eb3816bfa5", "text": "1950s American automobile culture 1950s American automobile culture has had an enduring influence on the culture of the United States , as reflected in popular music , major trends from the 1950s and mainstream acceptance of the `` hot rod '' culture . The American manufacturing economy switched from producing war-related items to consumer goods at the end of World War II , and by the end of the 1950s , one in six working Americans were employed either directly or indirectly in the automotive industry . The United States became the world 's largest manufacturer of automobiles , and Henry Ford 's goal of 30 years earlier -- that any man with a good job should be able to afford an automobile -- was achieved . A new generation of service businesses focusing on customers with their automobiles sprang up during the decade , including drive-through or drive-in restaurants and more drive-in theaters ( cinemas ) . The decade began with 25 million registered automobiles on the road , most of which predated World War II and were in poor condition ; no automobiles or parts were produced during the war owing to rationing and restrictions . By 1950 , most factories had made the transition to a consumer-based economy , and more than 8 million cars were produced that year alone . By 1958 , there were more than 67 million cars registered in the United States , more than twice the number at the start of the decade . As part of the U.S. national defenses , to support military transport , the National Highway System was expanded with Interstate highways , beginning in 1955 , across many parts of the United States . The wider , multi-lane highways allowed traffic to move at faster speeds , with few or no stoplights on the way . The wide-open spaces along the highways became a basis for numerous billboards showing advertisements . The dawning of the Space Age and Space Race were reflected in contemporary American automotive styling . Large tailfins , flowing designs reminiscent of rockets , and radio antennas that imitated Sputnik 1 were common , owing to the efforts of design pioneers such as Harley Earl .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6854bd1b8b511eda76009ba7911a4396", "text": "Boeing 707 The Boeing 707 is a mid-sized , long-range , narrow-body , four-engine jet airliner built by Boeing Commercial Airplanes from 1958 to 1979 . Its name is commonly pronounced as `` seven oh seven '' . Versions of the aircraft have a capacity from 140 to 219 passengers and a range of 2500 to . Developed as Boeing 's first jet airliner , the 707 is a swept-wing design with podded engines . Although it was not the first jetliner in service , the 707 was the first to be commercially successful . Dominating passenger air transport in the 1960s and remaining common through the 1970s , the 707 is generally credited with ushering in the Jet Age . It established Boeing as one of the largest manufacturers of passenger aircraft , and led to the later series of airliners with `` 7x7 '' designations . The later 720 , 727 , 737 , and 757 share elements of the 707 's fuselage design . The 707 was developed from the Boeing 367-80 , a prototype jet first flown in 1954 . A larger fuselage cross-section and other modifications resulted in the initial-production 707-120 , powered by Pratt & Whitney JT3C turbojet engines , which first flew on December 20 , 1957 . Pan American World Airways began regular 707 service on October 26 , 1958 . Later derivatives included the shortened long-range 707-138 and the stretched 707-320 , both of which entered service in 1959 . A smaller short-range variant , the 720 , was introduced in 1960 . The 707-420 , a version of the stretched 707 with Rolls-Royce Conway turbofans , debuted in 1960 , while Pratt & Whitney JT3D turbofans debuted on the 707-120B and 707-320B models in 1961 and 1962 , respectively . The 707 has been used on domestic , transcontinental , and transatlantic flights , and for cargo and military applications . A convertible passenger-freighter model , the 707-320C , entered service in 1963 , and passenger 707s have been modified to freighter configurations . Military derivatives include the E-3 Sentry airborne reconnaissance aircraft and the C-137 Stratoliner VIP transports . Boeing produced and delivered 1,011 airliners including the smaller 720 series ; over 800 military versions were also produced . Ten Boeing 707s were in commercial service in July 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f686eef6bafab9d42f374d4672f54f9a", "text": "Military aviation occupations Military aviation occupations are types of work either shared with commercial aviation or unique to military aviation , that provide skills for the operation of an air forces business . Often military aviation employees will have had higher education due to the complexity of the electrical and mechanical systems involved in aircraft design and maintenance , in ground operations , in control of airspace and in the air . Military aviation occupations can be subdivided as follows : Military aviation engineering design Airframe engineers Fuel systems engineers Instrumentation and electronics engineers Weapon systems engineers Military aviation operations control ( ground ) Runway design and maintenance Aviation safety and crash recovery occupations Air traffic control Hangar operations Air base operations Air operations command Military aviation maintenance operations Fleet operations Conversion maintenance Pre-flight maintenance Fuel operations occupations Combat operations service Weapons service Military aviation flight operations Flight crew occupations Weapons crew occupations Cargo crew occupations Passenger crew occupations Specialist crew occupations Military aviation flight command Air command occupations Air control occupations Air communications occupations Air search occupations Air target acquisition occupations Air search and rescue occupations", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f32b79524c4500671199526699c166f4", "text": "Cargo airline Cargo airlines ( or airfreight carriers , and derivatives of these names ) are airlines mainly dedicated to the transport of cargo by air . Some cargo airlines are divisions or subsidiaries of larger passenger airlines .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "168dbc051a1bd59a80fba54a84617a1d", "text": "Houston Fort Bend Airport Houston Fort Bend Airport is a privately owned , public use airport located in unincorporated Fort Bend County , Texas , United States . The airport is located east of Beasley and 33 nmi southwest of the central business district of Houston . It was formerly known as Happy Landings Airport .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8283b88e48ac913d1e7a7b227ff32a2a", "text": "Distribution center A distribution center for a set of products is a warehouse or other specialized building , often with refrigeration or air conditioning , which is stocked with products ( goods ) to be redistributed to retailers , to wholesalers , or directly to consumers . A distribution center is a principal part , the order processing element , of the entire order fulfillment process . Distribution centers are usually thought of as being demand driven . A distribution center can also be called a warehouse , a DC , a fulfillment center , a cross-dock facility , a bulk break center , and a package handling center . The name by which the distribution center is known is commonly based on the purpose of the operation . For example , a `` retail distribution center '' normally distributes goods to retail stores , an `` order fulfillment center '' commonly distributes goods directly to consumers , and a cross-dock facility stores little or no product but distributes goods to other destinations . Distribution centers are the foundation of a supply network , as they allow a single location to stock a vast number of products . Some organizations operate both retail distribution and direct-to-consumer out of a single facility , sharing space , equipment , labor resources , and inventory as applicable . A typical retail distribution network operates with centers set up throughout a commercial market , with each center serving a number of stores . Large distribution centers for companies such as Wal-Mart serve 50 -- 125 stores . Suppliers ship truckloads of products to the distribution center , which stores the product until needed by the retail location and ships the proper quantity . Since a large retailer might sell tens of thousands of products from thousands of vendors , it would be impossibly inefficient to ship each product directly from each vendor to each store . Many retailers own and run their own distribution networks , while smaller retailers may outsource this function to dedicated logistics firms that coordinate the distribution of products for a number of companies . A distribution center can be co-located at a logistics center .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "822fd3592fd32812123f69a0f0d4766f", "text": "Tesco Corporation Tesco Corporation ( Tesco ) is an oilfield services company specializing in the design , manufacture and service of technology-based solutions for the upstream energy industry . Its headquarters are located in the Spring Branch district of Houston , Texas , United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "898015b9bcdf84e931899b94f4f7b82b", "text": "DynCorp DynCorp ( -LSB- ˈdaɪn.kɔrp -RSB- ) , most recently DynCorp International , is an American Global service provider . Begun as an aviation company , the company also provides flight operations support , training and mentoring , international development , intelligence training and support , contingency operations , security , and operations and maintenance of land vehicles . DynCorp receives more than 96 % of its more than $ 3 billion in annual revenues from the U.S. federal government . The corporate headquarters are in an unincorporated part of Fairfax County near Falls Church , Virginia . However , the company 's contracts are managed from its office at Alliance Airport in Fort Worth , Texas . The company has provided services for the U.S. military in several theaters , including Bolivia , Bosnia , Somalia , Angola , Haiti , Colombia , Kosovo and Kuwait . DynCorp International also provided much of the security for Afghan interim president Hamid Karzai 's presidential guard and trains much of Afghanistan 's and Iraq 's fledgling police force . DynCorp was also hired to assist recovery in Louisiana and neighboring areas after Hurricane Katrina . DynCorp has held one contract on every round of competition since receiving the first Contract Field Teams contract in 1951 . DynCorp won the LOGCAP II contract and is one of three contract holders on the current LOGCAP IV contract .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "21a63c81d6c09623b3be649847849e4c", "text": "Sugar Land Regional Airport Sugar Land Regional Airport is a city-owned public-use airport located in Sugar Land , Texas ( USA ) , 17 mi southwest of the central business district of Houston . It was formerly known as Sugar Land Municipal Airport and previously as Hull Field . The airport was purchased from a private interest in 1990 by the city of Sugar Land . As of 2009 it is the fourth-largest airport within the Houston -- Sugar Land -- Baytown metropolitan area and handles approximately 250 aircraft operations per day which includes corporate business jet and turboprop flights . The airport today serves the area 's general aviation ( GA ) aircraft serving corporate , governmental , and private clientele . A new 20000 sqft Terminal opened in 2006 with a 54 acre GA complex that includes 99 T-hangars nested in six buildings . The airport , the fourth largest airport in Greater Houston as of 2009 , receives yearly usage from over 100 Fortune 500 companies . TXP , Inc. released a report identifying the airport as `` foremost general reliever airport in the southwest sector '' and `` a catalyst for corporate commerce in the Greater Houston market including the Westchase District , Uptown , and Greenway Plaza . '' In terms of general aviation the airport serves as a reliever for William P. Hobby Airport in Houston . As of 2010 Sugar Land Regional is the third busiest airport in Greater Houston by amount of aircraft operations . The City of Houston maintains Cullinan Park , which occupies 750 acre of land directly north and west of the Sugar Land Regional Airport , blocking possibilities for expansion . In addition the airport is surrounded by Sugar Land homes , and there is a highway and rail road track directly south of the airport -- all factors that block airport expansion . The former Central Unit , a Texas Department of Criminal Justice prison for males , is in land zoned for airport expansion .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6be962dd8f15d2a3c55a6386947832a1", "text": "Spaceflight Industries Spaceflight Industries , Inc. is a private aerospace company that specializes in the launch of secondary payloads ranging from 1 kg up to 300 kg micro satellites from a variety of space launch vehicles , such as Antares , Dnepr , Soyuz , and Falcon 9 , as well as from the ISS .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "53f2ef71ccd70bb4dfdca1713b97de73", "text": "Dresser Industries Dresser Industries was a multinational corporation headquartered in Dallas , Texas , United States , which provided a wide range of technology , products , and services used for developing energy and natural resources . In 1998 , Dresser merged with its main rival Halliburton , Halliburton sold many of former Dresser non `` oil patch '' divisions , retaining the M W Kellogg Engineering and Construction Company and the Dresser oil-patch products and services that complemented Halliburton 's energy and natural resource businesses . In 2001 Halliburton sold five separate , but somewhat related former Dresser non `` oil patch '' divisions , to an investment banking firm . Those five operations later took the name `` Dresser Inc. '' In October 2010 , Dresser Inc. , was acquired by General Electric . It is headquartered in Addison , Texas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1ea39b55997f02b375a38a445181cf5a", "text": "National Air Transportation Association Founded in 1940 , the National Air Transportation Association ( NATA ) is the public policy group that represents the interests of the general aviation business community before the Congress and federal , state and local government agencies . NATA represents nearly 2,300 aviation businesses . NATA 's member companies provide a broad range of services to general aviation , the airlines and the military . They also directly serve the traveling public by providing fuel , on-demand air charter , aircraft rental , storage , and flight training . Other services include aircraft maintenance , parts sales , and line support as well as business aircraft or fractional ownership fleet management . NATA member companies also provide airline baggage and cargo handling services . In addition to giving the association 's constituents a voice in Washington , D.C. , NATA membership offers a number of ancillary benefits including its annual Aviation Business & Legislative Conference , Congressional Reception and Air Charter Summit and its highly regarded Safety 1st Professional Line Service Training ( PLST ) program . Considered the industry standard in line service training program , the PLST program has instructed over 16,000 line service specialists in safe aircraft handling procedures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "971a42eec0da437dbd6d72c856c7889a", "text": "Airmanship Airmanship is skill and knowledge applied to aerial navigation , similar to seamanship in maritime navigation . Airmanship covers a broad range of desirable behaviors and abilities in an aviator . It is not simply a measure of skill or technique , but also a measure of a pilot 's awareness of the aircraft , the environment in which it operates , and of his own capabilities . Airmanship can be defined as : A sound acquaintance with the principles of flight , The ability to operate an airplane with competence and precision both on the ground and in the air , and The exercise of sound judgment that results in optimal operational safety and efficiency . The three fundamental principles of expert airmanship are skill , proficiency , and the discipline to apply them in a safe and efficient manner . Discipline is the foundation of airmanship . The complexity of the aviation environment demands a foundation of solid airmanship , and a healthy , positive approach to combating pilot error . The actions of Captain Alfred C. Haynes and the crew of United Airlines Flight 232 are often cited as an exemplar of good airmanship . They were able to maintain control of their crippled McDonnell Douglas DC-10 , bringing it to a survivable `` controlled crash '' in Sioux City , Iowa , after a complete loss of all flight controls following an engine failure in July 1989 . They did this by improvising a control scheme on the spot using differential thrust on the two working engines . Captain Haynes credited his Crew Resource Management training as one of the key factors that saved his own life , and many others . The U.S. National Transportation Safety Board occasionally cites poor airmanship as a contributing factor in its determination of probable cause in aviation accidents , although it is implicit in many of the pilot error causes it often uses . For example , in its report on the December 1 , 1993 fatal crash of Northwest Airlink Flight 5719 , the Board determined the `` failure of the company management to adequately address the previously identified deficiencies in airmanship '' was a contributing factor . More recently , in the February 2 , 2005 business jet accident at Teterboro Airport , NTSB investigator Steve Demko , speaking about the probable cause , said determining an aircraft 's weight and balance before takeoff is `` basic airmanship , '' a `` Flying 101 type of thing . '' And in the 2006 New York City plane crash that killed New York Yankees pitcher Cory Lidle , the NTSB cited `` inadequate judgement , planning and airmanship '' in its probable cause determination . A `` failure of airmanship '' was also cited by U.S. Military Authorities in the Tarnak Farm incident in Afghanistan , where the pilot of a U.S. F-16 Fighting Falcon mistakenly targeted a 250-kilogram laser-guided bomb on Canadian troops in April 2003 , killing four of them . Airmanship covers operation of the aircraft and all its systems , so in military usage , this includes the weapons systems of combat aircraft .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "03bb5599494141142bc0884b7b79e6c1", "text": "Economy of Alaska The 2007 gross state product was $ 44.9 billion , 45th in the nation . Its per capita personal income for 2007 was $ 40,042 , ranking 15th in the nation . The state 's economy has been described by University of Alaska Anchorage economist Scott Goldsmith as a `` three-legged stool '' - with one leg being the petroleum and gas industry , the second leg being the federal government and the third leg being all other industries and services . Between 2004 and 2006 , the federal government was responsible for 135,000 Alaska jobs , the petroleum sector provided 110,000 jobs and all other industries and services combined for 122,000 jobs . Alaska 's main export product after oil and natural gas is seafood , primarily salmon , cod , Pollock and crab . Agriculture represents only a fraction of the Alaskan economy . Agricultural production is primarily for consumption within the state and includes nursery stock , dairy products , vegetables , and livestock . Manufacturing is limited , with most foodstuffs and general goods imported from elsewhere . Employment is primarily in government and industries such as natural resource extraction , shipping , and transportation . Military bases are a significant component of the economy in both Fairbanks and Anchorage . Federal subsidies are also an important part of the economy , allowing the state to keep taxes low . Its industrial outputs are crude petroleum , natural gas , coal , gold , precious metals , zinc and other mining , seafood processing , timber and wood products . There is also a growing service and tourism sector . Tourists have contributed to the economy by supporting local lodging .", "title": "" } ]	fever
b2f14a45c5209ad017069d2d912617fd	Dungeons & Dragons is a fantasy role-playing game.	[ { "docid": "5a0db8c1ef75a2e9dad1d11818acade6", "text": "Dungeons & Dragons Dungeons & Dragons ( abbreviated as D&D or DnD ) is a fantasy tabletop role-playing game ( RPG ) originally designed by Gary Gygax and Dave Arneson , and first published in 1974 by Tactical Studies Rules , Inc. ( TSR ) . The game has been published by Wizards of the Coast ( now a subsidiary of Hasbro ) since 1997 . It was derived from miniature wargames with a variation of the Chainmail game serving as the initial rule system . D&D publication is commonly recognized as the beginning of modern role-playing games and the role-playing game industry . D&D departs from traditional wargaming and assigns each player a specific character to play instead of a military formation . These characters embark upon imaginary adventures within a fantasy setting . A Dungeon Master serves as the game 's referee and storyteller , while maintaining the setting in which the adventures occur and playing the role of the inhabitants . The characters form a party that interacts with the setting 's inhabitants ( and each other ) . Together they solve dilemmas , engage in battles and gather treasure and knowledge . In the process the characters earn experience points to become increasingly powerful over a series of sessions . The early success of Dungeons & Dragons led to a proliferation of similar game systems . Despite this competition , D&D remains the market leader in the role-playing game industry . In 1977 , the game was split into two branches : the relatively rules-light game system of Dungeons & Dragons and the more structured , rules-heavy game system of Advanced Dungeons & Dragons ( abbreviated as AD&D or ADnD ) . AD&D 2nd Edition was published in 1989 . In 2000 , the original line of the game was discontinued and the AD&D version was renamed Dungeons & Dragons with the release of its 3rd edition with a new system . These rules formed the basis of the d20 System which is available under the Open Game License ( OGL ) for use by other publishers . Dungeons & Dragons version 3.5 was released in June 2003 , with a ( non-OGL ) 4th edition in June 2008 . A 5th edition was released during the second half of 2014 . , Dungeons & Dragons remained the best-known and best-selling role-playing game , with an estimated 20 million people having played the game and more than US$ 1 billion in book and equipment sales . The game has been supplemented by many pre-made adventures as well as commercial campaign settings suitable for use by regular gaming groups . Dungeons & Dragons is known beyond the game for other D&D - branded products , references in popular culture , and some of the controversies that have surrounded it , particularly a moral panic in the 1980s falsely linking it to Satanism and suicide . The game has won multiple awards and has been translated into many languages beyond the original English .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "ce5bfc710a82bd39c6ae5dd656300de6", "text": "Magi in fantasy fiction and games A `` Mage '' is a character archetype commonly found in fantasy settings that entail the use of magic . Mage , rather than magus , is the spelling generally used to describe magic-wielding characters in role-playing games and fiction . In the English language , the term `` mage '' is used as a gender-neutral word for a character who can cast magic spells .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "73d18457e758927d87cdab9ee46c4522", "text": "Vikings Campaign Sourcebook Vikings Campaign Sourcebook is an accessory for the Advanced Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "45a7188b0fd4d96ff8416a1c82a661da", "text": "List of Dungeons & Dragons 4th edition monsters Dungeons & Dragons 4th edition ( see editions of Dungeons & Dragons ) was released in 2008 . The first book containing monsters to be published was the Heroic Tier adventure Keep on the Shadowfell , followed closely with the release of the first set of `` core '' rulebooks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2885f637a966470dfcf418442d0ba609", "text": "Aryvandaar Aryvandaar is a fictional kingdom in the Forgotten Realms setting for the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "035024c3c7057077b313063328fa333a", "text": "Garbug In the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game , the garbug is a type of aberration .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "30319ddafa3e943558afbf43e51438d9", "text": "Shadow mastiff In the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game , the shadow mastiff is an outsider from the Plane of Shadow .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a87128e850a40665beacf84dd6ad3c1", "text": "Grimm (role-playing game) Grimm is a role-playing game , released by Fantasy Flight Games . The current version is a standalone game using the Linear D6 system . The Linear D6 version is a significant expansion of the original material , including a more fully developed setting , a monster manual and game mechanics , all of which were previously provided by the core D20 System rule books . Linear D6 is unusual in that it deliberately limits randomness having characters perform at their ability level 2/3 of the time . The mechanic represents teamwork by a dice pool which increases chances of scoring above character ability and reduces the chances of failure . The original version was part of Fantasy Flight Games Horizon open-ended miniature Dungeons & Dragons campaign settings , making of use the D20 System under the Open Game Licence . The setting can be used as a supplement to D&D that introduces a new setting based on a `` twisted '' version of the fairytales of the Brothers Grimm . The correlation between the realm of Grimm and the original fairytales is in many ways comparable to the correlation of White Wolf 's World of Darkness to the our world . The game provides new core classes which enable players to take on role of children lost in this strange and terrifying realm .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3f6c24ae89f2bcb82390b9b67e1ad503", "text": "List of Final Fantasy media Final Fantasy is a series of role-playing video games developed and published by Square Enix ( formerly Square ) . Its first game premiered in Japan in 1987 , and Final Fantasy games have subsequently been localized for markets in North America , Europe and Australia , on nearly every video game console since its debut on the Nintendo Entertainment System . Final Fantasy is Square Enix 's most successful franchise , having sold over 97 million units worldwide to date . In addition to traditional role-playing games , the series includes tactical role-playing games , portable games , massively multiplayer online role-playing games , and games for mobile phones . Its popularity has placed it as the sixth-best-selling video game franchise , and the series has won multiple awards over the years . In addition to the 15 games released as part of the main ( numbered ) series and their many spin-offs and related titles , the Final Fantasy series has spawned many works in other media including anime , movies , novels and manga , and radio dramas . Final Fantasy : Unlimited , originally a stand-alone anime series , now has its own sub-franchise which includes video games . Many games , particularly the main series , have soundtrack album releases featuring their music in different arrangements . Square Enix has also consistently released companion books for its games which provide additional backstory and plot information , as well as detailed walkthroughs for the game . Since the announcement of Compilation of Final Fantasy VII , Square Enix has focused on `` polymorphic content '' , expanding each game world with material on many video game platforms , as well as other forms of media .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bb6334e19b43c51a0e1401965102de61", "text": "Clubnek In the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game , the clubnek is a type of fictional monster .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aaa749047f7bc8272ef28c0df3d9ee1e", "text": "Celestial (Dungeons & Dragons) In the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game , celestials are a class of creatures and monsters known as outsiders who are of wholly good alignment . In the context of the Dungeons & Dragons games they represent forces of armed justice , and include iconic `` good '' creatures from history and myth , such as angels , who seek out and destroy evil . All celestials hail from the Upper Planes . There are four published types of celestial : Aasimon ( or devas or angels ) , Archons , Eladrins , and Guardinals , each with varying `` good '' outlooks and motivations . The celestials are led by celestial paragons , unique creatures presented in Dungeons and Dragons lore as polar opposites of the demon princes and archdevils .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7cba51bb45d53d8778e4876fa9436e14", "text": "Triton (Dungeons & Dragons) Tritons are a fictional species in the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d1ba067ba8356479f16c450291d67a15", "text": "System Reference Document The System Reference Document ( SRD ) is a set of reference role playing game mechanics licensed under the Open Game License by Wizards of the Coast ( or WotC ) and based upon their Dungeons and Dragons role-playing game . The SRD forms the basis of WotC 's various d20 System role-playing games , including the d20 System itself , d20 Modern and d20 Future . The SRD is also the basis for role-playing games published by companies other than WotC ; these include Mutants & Masterminds , Arcana Evolved , Labyrinth Lord , and OSRIC , among others . Some other game systems ( such as FATE ) have also released their own mechanics under OGL-licensed `` System Reference Documents '' of their own ; however , this article discusses specifically the d20 SRD .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "82881b1dd28f78f0601c97f3f6b030f3", "text": "Educational game Educational games are games explicitly designed with educational purposes , or which have incidental or secondary educational value . All types of games may be used in an educational environment . Educational games are games that are designed to help people to learn about certain subjects , expand concepts , reinforce development , understand a historical event or culture , or assist them in learning a skill as they play . Game types include board , card , and video games . An educational game is a game designed to teach humans about a specific subject and to teach them a skill . As educators , governments , and parents realize the psychological need and benefits of gaming have on learning , this educational tool has become mainstream . Games are interactive play that teach us goals , rules , adaptation , problem solving , interaction , all represented as a story . They satisfy our fundamental need to learn by providing enjoyment , passionate involvement , structure , motivation , ego gratification , adrenaline , creativity , social interaction and emotion in the game itself while the learning takes place .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7422024381cc4364efc82141689a2836", "text": "The Complete Book of Dwarves The Complete Book of Dwarves is a supplemental rulebook for the 2nd edition of the Advanced Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game , published in 1991 by TSR , Inc. . It contains a variety of information useful to playing dwarf characters in the game , including information on strongholds , dwarven subraces , character `` kits '' , role-playing , mining , and more . The book was later reprinted in November , 1993 , with a slightly different cover .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "96cae95f5447fbdf2d4ce0a432c7c666", "text": "Phasm In the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game , the phasm is an aberration .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b770c3e4fd9e6a8ee38a951c1ae5a04a", "text": "High Forest (Forgotten Realms) The High Forest is a fictional region in Northwest Faerûn , of the Forgotten Realms campaign setting for the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "76a4a1b96c0606f6585b811d64da50c7", "text": "Blackmoor (campaign setting) Blackmoor is a fantasy role-playing game campaign setting generally associated with the game Dungeons & Dragons . It originated in the early 1970s as the personal setting of Dave Arneson , the co-creator of Dungeons & Dragons , first as a setting for Arneson 's miniature wargames , then as an early testing ground for what would become D&D .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd301b0a0a12e142d6dd19c8747d41a2", "text": "Dragonstomper Dragonstomper is a role-playing video game programmed by Stephen Landrum and published in 1982 by Starpath . It was developed for the Atari 2600 video game system . Making use of the Starpath Supercharger , an analog cassette-based peripheral , Dragonstomper was perhaps the truest RPG for the Atari 2600 , which also had Raiders of the Lost Ark , and Adventure . Dragonstomper follows the adventures of a dragon hunter who is given a quest by the king to defeat a dragon and reclaim a magical amulet that was stolen . The player makes his way over the countryside vanquishing various adversaries and gaining gold and experience . After gaining strength , the player enters a shop in an oppressed village where equipment can be purchased , soldiers hired , and special scrolls obtained to defeat the dragon in its lair . The final leg of the journey traverses into the dragon 's lair where he must avoid a series of traps strewn throughout the cave and defeat the dragon . In November 2005 , Ed Lin writing for Forbes named `` Dragonstomper '' as `` the best title ever made in the history of U.S. videogaming '' by a single person . Lin singled out the game 's ingenuity , noting that '' -LSB- t -RSB- here were multiple ways to solve problems . One could descend to the dragon 's lair on a rope or simply jump down ( and absorb some damage ) . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6274bfe04a43275740a0fa5feca33e6d", "text": "Chromatic dragon A Chromatic dragon is a classification of fictional dragon found in the role-playing game Dungeons & Dragons . In this setting , chromatic dragons are typically of evil alignment . They contrast to the metallic dragons , which are typically of good alignment . Tiamat is the queen of chromatic dragons . Chromatic dragons have played a large role in various D&D monster compilation books : white , black , green , blue and red dragons being the classic chromatic dragons .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "350aa7482d36df24869142a87f8d0dd3", "text": "Races of the Dragon Races of the Dragon is an optional supplemental source book for the 3.5 edition of the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game .", "title": "" } ]	fever
3355d90523470707f6bad109073b1158	Chris Carter has a Walt Disney television career.	[ { "docid": "a294b84eec30f39b7d48021d2ee0669e", "text": "Chris Carter (screenwriter) Chris Carter ( born October 13 , 1956 ) is an American television and film producer , director and writer . Born in Bellflower , California , Carter graduated with a degree in journalism from California State University , Long Beach before spending thirteen years working for Surfing Magazine . After beginning his television career working on television films for Walt Disney Studios , Carter rose to fame in the early 1990s after creating the science fiction-supernatural television series The X-Files for the Fox network . The X-Files earned high viewership ratings , and led to Carter 's being able to negotiate the creation of future series . Carter went on to create three more series for the network -- Millennium , a doomsday-themed series which met with critical approval and low viewer numbers ; Harsh Realm , which was canceled after three episodes had aired ; and The Lone Gunmen , a spin-off of The X-Files which lasted for a single season . Carter 's film roles include writing both of The X-Files cinematic spin-offs -- 1998 's successful The X-Files and the poorly received 2008 follow-up The X-Files : I Want to Believe , the latter of which he also directed -- while his television credits have earned him several accolades including eight Primetime Emmy Award nominations . The Amazon Studios television series The After was his most recent series .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "8881afffee9ce63fc03e8d629ea60f46", "text": "Chris Coppola Christopher `` Chris '' Coppola is an American actor , voice artist , and comedian . He is best known for such movies as Friday the 13th , Far Cry , Postal , Loveless in Los Angeles , The Polar Express , and Beowulf . He also voiced Dancer in Santa Buddies and appeared in the episode `` Tailgate '' on the sitcom How I Met Your Mother .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7f142501e8e4a360d5cc2cdcb4e9e987", "text": "List of Sofia the First episodes Sofia the First is an American computer-animated television series that incorporates characters from the Disney Princess franchise . The series stars Ariel Winter as Sofia , a young girl who becomes a princess when her mother , Miranda , marries King Roland II of the kingdom of Enchancia . On April 14 , 2015 , the series was renewed for a fourth season by Disney Junior .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f7178d2a6fee9c52972ad3fbd5c966aa", "text": "Marvel Productions Marvel Productions Ltd. , later known as New World Animation Ltd. , was the television and film studio subsidiary of the Marvel Entertainment Group , based in Hollywood , Los Angeles , California . It later became a subsidiary of New World Entertainment and eventually of News Corporation ( Fox Entertainment Group ) . Marvel Productions produced animated television series , motion pictures , and television specials such as Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends , The Incredible Hulk , My Little Pony : The Movie , The Transformers : The Movie , and G.I. Joe : The Movie as well as the Transformers and G.I. Joe : A Real American Hero television series . Most of Marvel Productions ' back catalog ( mostly non-Hasbro related productions ) is currently owned by The Walt Disney Company .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "97c16014127db449f732a2e5f7a0abe1", "text": "Capital Disney Capital Disney was a British digital radio station aimed at 8 to 16 year olds which used to broadcast across the UK on DAB Digital Radio ( in selected areas ) owned by GCap Media PLC and the Walt Disney Company . It was also broadcast on Sky Digital , Tiscali TV , Virgin Media , and streaming online . The station announced on 14 May 2007 that it would close down on 29 June 2007 . Capital Disney was one of the first radio stations in the country to use the newly developed Digital radio ( DAB ) format to provide a radio station specifically aimed at children and teenagers . The station broadcast twenty four hours a day with a series of presenter and music led programming .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eabc08bcbe4c688ced4d151dcda5f529", "text": "Disney's CyberStar Disney 's CyberStar was a children 's television programme that aired on The Disney Channel in the UK in 1996 . It showed cartoons such as Disney 's Gargoyles . It had numerous human hosts , as well as two alien characters called Creech and Finder . The show was not successful and only ran for a short time . Mark Heap ( later of Spaced and Green Wing ) starred as ` Billy ' one of the human hosts . It also featured Mancunian stand-up comedian Lewis `` Big Lou '' Jones as the hotel manager . Category : Disney Channel shows Category :1996 British television programme debuts Category :1996 British television programme endings Category :1990 s British television series", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b9c8fcb24f1f2746d86b6294761bf670", "text": "A&E Networks A&E Networks ( branded as A+E Networks ) is an American media company that owns a group of television channels available via cable & satellite in the U.S. and abroad . A&E stands for Arts & Entertainment . The company is a joint venture with Hearst and Disney-ABC Television Group , a unit of the Disney Media Networks subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "290759ae97a636557d9eab7656bd06f4", "text": "D-TV D-TV is a series of music videos created by Walt Disney Productions in 1984 . Disney combined hit songs from the past with footage of vintage Disney animation , created in the style of MTV music videos , which inspired the name of this series . The videos were shown as filler material on the Disney Channel ( as the network did not air commercials at this time ) , as well as being the focus of television specials . Home video collections were also released on the VHS , Beta , CED Videodisc , and Laserdisc formats . After the first run of D-TV , in 1989 a second series was produced known as DTV ² . The show 's main title theme song is `` RPM '' from Larry Owens for the Network Music Library . D-TV ceased airing in 1999 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "063d7ec0f20ad751c06b1585c6b0a98f", "text": "Disney's Adventures of the Gummi Bears Disney 's Adventures of the Gummi Bears is a Disney animated television series that first aired in the United States from 1985 to 1991 . The series was the first animated production by Walt Disney Animation Television , and loosely inspired by the gummy bear candies ; Disney CEO Michael Eisner was struck with inspiration for the show when his son requested the candies one day . The series premiered on NBC on September 14 , 1985 , and aired there for four seasons . The series moved to ABC for one season from 1989 to 1990 ( airing alongside The New Adventures of Winnie the Pooh as the Gummi Bears-Winnie the Pooh Hour ) , and concluded on September 6 , 1991 as part of the Disney Afternoon television syndication package . Of the series ' 65 shows , 30 were double-features , consisting of two 11-minute cartoons , thereby bringing the series total to 94 distinct episodes overall . The show is well-remembered for its theme music , written by Michael and Patty Silversher and creation of `` gummiberry juice '' which was a type of magic potion , granting abilities , which allowed them to bounce away from their hunters . The theme was memorably performed by Joseph Williams , son of composer John Williams and one-time lead singer of Toto . The series was later rebroadcast on the syndicated Disney Afternoon block , and rerun on the Disney Afternoon through the summer of 1991 . In later years , it was shown on The Disney Channel ( from October 7 , 1991 to at least January 1997 ) , and later on Toon Disney , with its most recent televised airing occurring on December 28 , 2001 . Seasons 1 to 3 of the series were released on DVD on November 14 , 2006 featuring commentary from producers Eric Wong and Daniel Weinstein .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aee9341368b26586847db6b063905085", "text": "Chris Carlin Chris `` The Continent '' Carlin ( born September 16 , 1972 in Morristown , New Jersey ) is an American television and radio personality . Carlin is the co-host of Carlin & Reese on local Philadelphia sports radio station 94.1 WIP . Carlin joined the station in November 2016 , after 8 1/2 years on SNY , the TV home of the New York Mets . While at SNY , Carlin co-hosted Loud Mouths , a PTI-esque sports debate program from its inception on March 24 , 2008 until his departure . Also , he and on-air partner Bob Ojeda co-hosted pre - and post-game telecasts for New York Mets games on SNY for 5 seasons , from 2009-2013 . He also hosted SportsNite , SNY 's nightly New York sports recap program . Carlin is also the play-by-play voice for Rutgers football games , and from 2008-2016 he also called Rutgers Men 's Basketball games . He began at Rutgers as the sideline reporter for football in 2001 , and took over the play-by-play duties at Rutgers in 2004 when Tom McCarthy , the TV voice of the Philadelphia Phillies departed Rutgers . Carlin spent the first 13 years of his professional career at WFAN in New York . Beginning as an intern in 1995 , he worked his way up to producer for the legendary `` Mike & The Mad Dog Show , '' co-hosted by Mike Francesa & Christopher ` Mad Dog ' Russo . Carlin produced the show for 6 1/2 years , during which time his on air role grew with the station . He briefly hosted overnights , and served as sports anchor on the ` Imus in the Morning ' program ( 2005-2007 ) & `` Boomer & Carton '' program ( 2007-2008 . ) In addition , he hosted `` The Morning Warmup , '' a one-hour preshow for Boomer & Carton .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f277de82a67c9867ca84cf27db82fe93", "text": "You and Me Kid You and Me , Kid is an American children 's television series which premiered on The Disney Channel on April 18 , 1983 . The series was hosted by Sonny Melendrez who was joined by the You and Me Players ( Toni Attell , Caleb Chung , Mitchell Young Evans , Gary Schwartz and Ricci Mann ) . Each show lasted approximately 30 minutes and was dedicated to building interactive skills between parents and their toddler children . The shows contained five segments : Let 's Go ! ( exercise skills ) You and Me Theater ( creative drama ) Famous and 1/2 ( celebrities and their children ) Ssh ! ( listening and observation skills ) Mime Your Own Business ( pantomime ) Its theme song Just You and Me , Kid was sung by Robin Frederick . The show ran for 130 episodes and reruns continued to air on the channel until September 29 , 1991 . Four VHS tapes were released by Walt Disney Home Video in the mid-1980s for the then new video home rental market . Each tape contained four episodes and have since become hard to find . In 1988 , a store with same name opened up at Disney Village Marketplace which sold children 's apparel , games and toys .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a198a1919f290c086c4119b7b9f11823", "text": "Chris Myers Christopher Patrick `` Chris '' Myers ( born March 28 , 1959 ) is an American sportscaster . A native of Miami , FL with more than 20 years in broadcasting , he has covered premiere events , including the Super Bowl , World Series , NBA Finals , NCAA Final Four , The Masters and U.S. Open ( golf ) , Triple Crown , the Olympics , and the Daytona 500 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7715c6d2158d1664e14b3fe0bf7fe7b7", "text": "The Simpsons The Simpsons is an American animated sitcom created by Matt Groening for the Fox Broadcasting Company . The series is a satirical depiction of working-class life epitomized by the Simpson family , which consists of Homer , Marge , Bart , Lisa , and Maggie . The show is set in the fictional town of Springfield and parodies American culture , society , television , and the human condition . The family was conceived by Groening shortly before a solicitation for a series of animated shorts with producer James L. Brooks . Groening created a dysfunctional family and named the characters after members of his own family , substituting Bart for his own name . The shorts became a part of The Tracey Ullman Show on April 19 , 1987 . After a three-season run , the sketch was developed into a half-hour prime time show and became an early hit for Fox , becoming the network 's first series to land in the Top 30 ratings in a season ( 1989 -- 90 ) . Since its debut on December 17 , 1989 , episodes of The Simpsons have been broadcast . Its 28th season began on September 25 , 2016 . It is the longest-running American sitcom and the longest-running American animated program , and , in 2009 , it surpassed Gunsmoke as the longest-running American scripted primetime television series . The Simpsons Movie , a feature-length film , was released in theaters worldwide on July 27 , 2007 , and grossed over $ 527 million . On November 4 , 2016 , the series was renewed for a twenty-ninth and thirtieth season of 22 episodes each , extending the show to 2019 . The Simpsons received widespread critical acclaim throughout its first nine seasons , which are generally considered its `` Golden Age '' . Time named it the 20th century 's best television series , and Erik Adams of The A.V. Club named it `` television 's crowning achievement regardless of format '' . On January 14 , 2000 , the Simpson family was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame . It has won dozens of awards since it debuted as a series , including 31 Primetime Emmy Awards , 30 Annie Awards , and a Peabody Award . Homer 's exclamatory catchphrase `` D'oh ! '' has been adopted into the English language , while The Simpsons has influenced many adult-oriented animated sitcoms . Despite this , the show has also been criticized for what many perceive as a decline in quality over the years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "056e2dcd310c0b0b0e26c82cd94e32c5", "text": "Chris Chris is a short form of various names including Christopher , Christian , Christina , Christine , and Christos . Unlike these names , however , it does not indicate the person 's gender although it is much more common for males to have this name than it is for females due to the increased popularity of Chrissy and Christy among younger females . Chris is also used as a name in its own right , although it is not as common . It is the preferred form of the full name of such notable individuals as Chris Tucker and Chris Penn. . To find an article about one of these people , see List of all pages beginning with `` Chris '' . The word is also part of phrases , including Tropical Storm Chris , Ruth 's Chris Steak House , and many more which refer to notable people , places , and things . For a list of these , see .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fa41503e851031a65253930a17ade8de", "text": "K. C. Collins For the actor with a similar name , see Christopher Collins . K.C. Collins , also known as Chris Collins , is a Canadian film , voice and television actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad5d40f9c22c379a2ca99608aae68045", "text": "Chris Thompson (TV producer) Chris Thompson ( 1952 -- June 26 , 2015 ) was an American television writer , producer and director . Since 1977 , he wrote and produced for the television series Laverne & Shirley and The Larry Sanders Show . He had also created , written and produced Bosom Buddies , The Naked Truth , Action , Ladies Man and the Disney Channel original series , Shake It Up ! , as well co-written the feature films Jumpin ' Jack Flash and Back to the Beach .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a1e4a64da787d9c7f851963bef2411d2", "text": "Disney–ABC Domestic Television Disney -- ABC Domestic Television , also operating as ABC Syndication ( formerly known as Buena Vista Television and also known as Disney Domestic Television and Disney-ABC Home Entertainment and Television Distribution ) , is the in-home sales and content distribution firm of the Disney -- ABC Television Group , a division of The Walt Disney Company . Content distribution responsibilities include domestic television syndication , domestic pay TV , Internet and cable video-on-demand ( VOD ) , and pay-per-view outlets .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6b622f3dc01fda937c880cf3fb8f93a6", "text": "Frozen (franchise) Frozen is a Disney media franchise started by the 2013 American animated feature Frozen , which was directed by Chris Buck and Jennifer Lee from a screenplay by Lee and produced by Peter Del Vecho , with songs by Robert Lopez and Kristen Anderson-Lopez . Walt Disney Animation Studios ' chief creative officer John Lasseter served as the film 's executive producer . The original film was inspired by the Hans Christian Andersen fairy tale `` The Snow Queen '' . Since the film 's release in November 2013 , the franchise has expanded very rapidly . To date , the franchise includes various Disney theme park attractions , merchandise , video games , books , a Disney on Ice show , and a short animated film . Disney has also announced that it is working on a Broadway stage musical adaptation , an animated film sequel , and a new book series . In November 2014 , TheStreet.com explained that `` Frozen is no longer a movie , it 's a global brand , a larger than life franchise built around products , theme parks and sequels that could last into the next century '' . Boxoffice '' chief analyst Phil Contrino was quoted as saying `` it 's become massive '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "48505a4e30aed3797b5ff44c81bdc4ed", "text": "Chris Carter (actor) Chris Carter is a Canadian actor and screenwriter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "04c50b42eaa8c853e280e3691a098bcf", "text": "Robert Carter (ballet dancer) Robert Carter is an American primo donnaAlso known as a ballerina assoluta , see Finis Jhung , `` Interview with Robert Carter '' , q.v. ballet dancer for Les Ballets Trockadero de Monte Carlo , or `` Trocks '' . As a lead dancer and its most senior member , Carter is the public face of the all-male dance troupe , granting many interviews and garnering significant international reviews . A full time dancer , he is `` paid enough '' as a lead dancer , despite being non-union , to avoid having a `` side job . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f7873318adf22f34046fa50e46b51a7b", "text": "Phineas and Ferb: Mission Marvel Phineas and Ferb : Mission Marvel is a cross-over episode of the animated series Phineas and Ferb , that featured characters from Marvel Entertainment , specifically in their incarnations from the Marvel Universe shows on Disney XD . It aired on August 16 , 2013 , on Disney Channel and on August 25 , 2013 , on Disney XD . The special was released on DVD on October 1 , 2013 .", "title": "" } ]	fever
c3349a6373f6aa5b6af968383df595b6	One More Light features the vocals of a rapper.	[ { "docid": "4b8ec0c3eca21547553a6a28ff7ecc1a", "text": "One More Light One More Light is the seventh studio album by American rock band Linkin Park . It was released on May 19 , 2017 through Warner Bros. . Records and Machine Shop , following the 2014 album The Hunting Party . The album 's first single , `` Heavy '' was released on March 16 , 2017 . It is their first album with a title track . In deciding on the title track , they felt that the song `` One More Light '' was the heart of the album . The album features guest vocal appearances from Pusha T , Stormzy , and Kiiara , and production and songwriting collaborations with Julia Michaels , Justin Tranter , Ross Golan , Andrew Goldstein , blackbear , and Eg White . Acoustic performances of the lead single by Chester Bennington and Mike Shinoda helped promote One More Light . A few of them included performances with Kiiara , Waxx , and Sofia Karlberg .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7bd644e768996a16f6a744bcd103339b", "text": "Pusha T Terrence LeVarr Thornton ( born May 13 , 1977 ) , better known by his stage name Pusha T , is an American rapper . He initially gained major recognition as one-half of hip hop duo Clipse , alongside his brother Gene `` No Malice '' Thornton , with whom he founded Re-Up Records . In September 2010 , Thornton announced his signing to Kanye West 's GOOD Music imprint , under the aegis of Def Jam Recordings . In March 2011 , he released his first solo project , a mixtape titled Fear of God . Thornton released his debut solo album My Name Is My Name , in October 2013 . In November 2015 , Kanye West appointed Pusha T to take over his role as president of GOOD Music .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "a0f63ce82d2e1b630dee6b314ab9cad8", "text": "Ill conscious Lavar Clark or Divine Justice Allah , , better known by his stage name Ill Conscious , is an American rapper from Baltimore , MD. . He has been featured on a number of various hip hop blogs and has been called a mix between a later-in-his-career AZ , a Capital Punishment Big Pun , with the ` consciousness ' of Talib Kweli and the passion/word choice of Tupac", "title": "" }, { "docid": "54f4c66110ae7ed72dac5944d1436228", "text": "Relapse (Eminem album) Relapse is the sixth studio album by American rapper Eminem . The album was released on May 19 , 2009 , under Aftermath Entertainment , Shady Records , and Interscope Records . It was his first album of original material since Encore ( 2004 ) , following a four-year hiatus from recording due to his writer 's block and an addiction to prescription sleeping medication . Recording sessions for the album took place during 2005 to 2009 at several recording studios , and Dr. Dre , Mark Batson , and Eminem handled production . Conceptually , Relapse concerns the ending of his drug rehabilitation , rapping after a non-fictional relapse , and the return of his Slim Shady alter-ego . One of the most anticipated album releases of 2009 , Relapse debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 chart , selling 608,000 copies in its first week . It produced three singles that attained chart success and has been certified double platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America . The album received mixed reviews from most music critics , who were divided in their responses towards Eminem 's lyrics . It has sold more than 2.3 million copies in the United States and more than 17 million copies worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "33d4a41f38b707f9026c1aa1767e2e85", "text": "Juvenile (rapper) Terius Gray ( born March 25 , 1977 ) , better known by his stage name Juvenile , is an American rapper , actor , and songwriter . He is also a member of the hip hop group The Hot Boys . At the age of 19 , he began recording raps , releasing his debut album Being Myself in 1995 . He became popular when his 1999 single `` Back That Thang Up '' was released . In 2003 , he returned to Cash Money Records to record Juve the Great , spawning the number-one hit `` Slow Motion '' . Following this album he again left Cash Money , and in 2006 he was signed to Atlantic Records . He released Reality Check under that label . His latest album , The Fundamentals , was released in February 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0ccfdaa91934f0a33f7c59da75bf0ac5", "text": "Tha Blaqprint Tha Blaqprint is the second studio album by American hip hop recording artist Blaq Poet , released June 30 , 2009 on DJ Premier 's record label Year Round Records via Fat Beats Records . It features guest appearances by the also Year Round Records signed group NYGz and Nick Javas , Capone-N-Noreaga member N.O.R.E. , Imani Montana , Lil ' Fame from M.O.P. , and the late Screwball member KL . The album was entirely produced by DJ Premier , except for two tracks : `` U Phucc 'd Up '' , produced by Easy Mo Bee , and `` Sichuwayshunz '' , produced by Gemcrates . Several tracks have been released on various mixtapes , such as `` Blaq Out '' or `` No Talent Required '' , dating all the way back to 2006 . The album 's lead single , `` Ai n't Nuttin ' Changed '' , has been released in February 2009 . There 's also a remix version to the single , released in June 2009 . It features verses by MC Eiht from Compton 's Most Wanted and Young Maylay from Ice Cube 's Lench Mob Records .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dfe4db72f44d12c8414862f4a639c831", "text": "Angel Haze Raykeea Wilson ( born July 10 , 1991 ) , known professionally as Angel Haze , is an American rapper and singer . In 2012 , Haze released the EP Reservation and later signed a record deal with Universal Republic Records before moving to Republic Records . On December 31 , 2013 , Haze released the debut album Dirty Gold , which featured the singles `` Echelon ( It 's My Way ) '' and `` Battle Cry '' . Haze has released a number of mixtapes , including the most recent , Back to the Woods ( 2015 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ec4b1e0cca08791df5836e245ec1586c", "text": "Hopsin Marcus Jamal Hopson ( born July 18 , 1985 ) , better known by his stage name Hopsin , is an American rapper , record producer , director and actor from Los Angeles , California . In 2007 , he was signed to Ruthless Records , and had founded his own record label , Funk Volume , in 2009 . He would then go on to found another record label , Undercover Prodigy , in 2016 . Hopsin has released four studio albums , Gazing at the Moonlight through Ruthless Records , Raw , Knock Madness and Pound Syndrome along with the collaborative project Haywire ( with SwizZz ) through Funk Volume . He is well known for his use of white colored eye contacts in music videos , performances , and interviews .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "24a8fc4d6225349af9d10b49843a427e", "text": "Lawless Element Lawless Element is an underground hip hop duo from Detroit , Michigan . The duo is composed of cousins Griot ( West African for `` Storyteller '' , born Alfred Austin ) as emcee and Magnif ( born Kavi Tapsico ) as DJ , producer and emcee . The duo of Magnif and Griot became engulfed in hip hop culture at the ages of 6 and 9 , and spent their teenage years honing their skills on the production boards and on the microphone . At the ages of 16 and 19 , the duo released their first single , titled `` Mic Check '' , in 2003 on Running Man Records . The next year , the duo hooked up with fellow Detroit native , producer J Dilla , to release the single `` The Shining '' . In early 2005 , LE worked with Dilla 's Jaylib partner Madlib on the single `` High '' , which landed them a deal with popular independent rap label Babygrande Records . Their debut album , Soundvision : In Stereo , was released in September 2005 to generally positive reviews . Soundvision featured production from Magnif , J Dilla and Madlib and guest appearances from Dilla , Melanie Rutherford , Phat Kat , Big Tone , P.Dot , SelfSays and Diverse . `` Rules Pt . 2 '' was the album 's lead single , and also became the duo 's first music video . URB magazine gave the album 4 out of 5 stars and stated that it was `` Heavily influenced by the golden age of De La Soul , Pete Rock and DJ Premier '' and that it featured `` 12 top-shelf tracks '' The album also earned the duo Featured Artist status on the Okayplayer website . Magnif has continued production work for a number of other underground acts , and released a mixtape titled SupaBeatMaker in late 2005 . The duo has announced plans for their second album , tentatively titled Evil , scheduled for released in 2008 on Babygrande Records . Magnif is also planning the release of a full-length production and solo album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bf20526dc165875a2f5892a9e9f5fa58", "text": "Amil (rapper) Amil Kahala Whitehead ( born September 19 , 1973 ) , more commonly known by her stage name Amil , is an American rapper , singer , and songwriter from New York City . She was prominent in the late 1990s as a Jay-Z protégé , most notably on the single `` Can I Get A. . . '' from the Rush Hour soundtrack .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3f2d933efe0cb4494b02db038df6ea59", "text": "Blinky Blink Blinky Blink is a rapper and member of the New York-based hip-hop group Harlem World .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "85a2b8fd164cb492cc4639414d45a75b", "text": "ASAP Ferg Darold D. Brown Ferguson , Jr. ( born October 20 , 1988 ) , better known by his stage name ASAP Ferg ( stylized as A$ AP Ferg ) , is an American rapper from New York City 's Harlem neighborhood . Aside from his solo career , he is a member of the hip hop collective A$ AP Mob , from which he adopted his moniker . In January 2013 , Ferg signed a solo record deal with Polo Grounds and RCA , the same labels that helped launch A$ AP Worldwide , when Ferg 's A$ AP Mob cohorts A$ AP Rocky and the late A$ AP Yams , negotiated their own respective deal in 2011 . His debut album Trap Lord was released on August 20 , 2013 , and was met with generally positive reviews . On April 22 , 2016 , Ferg released his second studio album , Always Strive and Prosper .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e6e21c335b9ed50d4673451da5c1816b", "text": "Add-2 Andre DiJuan Daniels ( born March 31 , 1986 ) , better known by his stage name Add-2 , sometimes stylized as Add 2 , is an American rapper from Chicago , Illinois . He first gained popularity after the release of his second mixtape , A Tale of Two 's City : Volume 2 . In 2009 , his single `` Luxury '' was featured on MTV , MtvU 's top 5 freshman and Vh1 respectively . `` Luxury '' is part of Add-2 's third mixtape , `` Tale of Two 's City Vol . 3 : The Rise & Fall . '' Add-2 has also worked with Grammy award winning music producer 9th Wonder along with Kendrick Lamar , The Roots and Gerald Walker .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e4ee30388913b4554bc57325c9eda82c", "text": "Kam (rapper) Craig A. Miller ( born October 24 , 1970 in Los Angeles , California ) , better known by his stage name Kam is an American political emcee known primarily among hip hop fans and music critics during the 1990s & early 2000s . He is known for his Nation of Islam-influenced lyrics and NOI membership , and affiliation with his cousin , fellow West Coast emcee Ice Cube . He is also known for his powerfully commanding baritone voice and knack for using multisyllabic rhymes . He has only released two albums since his well-received 1993 debut album Neva Again . That album featured inflammatory anti-government lyrics and hit single `` Peace Treaty , '' a song about the 1992 Watts gang treaty . The song reached # 2 on the Hot Rap Singles chart in 1993 . His first appearance on record was with the song `` Every Single Weekend '' from the 1991 Boyz n the Hood soundtrack . Since then , he has collaborated with artists including Ice Cube , Snoop Dogg , Coolio , E-40 , Erick Sermon , MC Ren , C-Bo , K9Compton , DJ Quik , DJ Pooh , Tha Eastsidaz , Method Man , KRS-One , Public Enemy , Nate Dogg , Warren G , Dogg Pound , Xzibit , Tyrese , Tank , George Clinton , Dresta , B.G. Knocc Out , Yukmouth , and Glasses Malone among many others . He has released music on two record labels , East West Records and JCOR Entertainment . He is currently signed to his own record label , HEREAFTER RECORDS , and plans to release his fourth solo album . He is also currently a member of Snoop Dogg 's West Coast supergroup The Warzone with MC Eiht and Goldie Loc . Kam and his biological younger brother , `` Yung Bruh '' , are also a NOI-based rap group called , Fruit Pruno . Their self-titled album was released during the NOI 's Saviour 's Day 2010 summit ( specifically on February 28 , 2010 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d2a09e7da07228c60151fa972882b57a", "text": "Tink (musician) Trinity Home ( born March 18 , 1995 ) , better known by her stage name Tink , is an American rapper and singer-songwriter . Since 2012 , she has released seven mixtapes and is due to release her debut studio album in 2016 . The album is set to be released on the Mosley Music Group label , an imprint of Epic Records run by producer , Timbaland . Her 2014 mixtape , Winter 's Diary 2 : Forever Yours , was featured as a top 10 R&B album in both Rolling Stone and Billboard magazines . She was also chosen as part of the XXL 2015 Freshman Class .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f1f3142605fdd363b1ecb92c282e772e", "text": "Boo Thang `` Boo Thang '' is a song by American rapper Verse Simmonds , featuring guest vocals from singer Kelly Rowland . It was released by Bu Vision , a label run by Akon 's brother Bu Thiam , in association with Konvict Muzik and The Island Def Jam Music Group . `` Boo Thang '' peaked at No. 44 on both the Billboard Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Songs chart and the Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Airplay chart . The song was ultimately included on Simmonds ' mixtape Sextape Chronicles 2 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "747468ee07a179582f0fdbe7ada3f949", "text": "The D.O.C. Tracy Lynn Curry ( born June 10 , 1968 ) , better known by his stage name The D.O.C. , is an American rapper from Dallas . In addition to a solo career , he was a member of the hip hop group Fila Fresh Crew and later collaborated with gangsta rap group N.W.A , where he co-wrote many of their releases as well as Eazy-E 's solo debut album Eazy-Duz-It . He has also worked with Dr. Dre , who is one of the founding members of N.W.A and produced two of his solo albums . After Fila Fresh Crew split up in 1987 , The D.O.C. went on to pursue a successful solo career . In 1989 , he released his debut album , No One Can Do It Better , which reached number-one on the US Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums chart for two weeks and spawned two number one hits on the Hot Rap Songs chart : `` It 's Funky Enough '' and `` The D.O.C. & The Doctor '' . The album went platinum five years after its release . In late 1989 , months after the release of No One Can Do It Better , The D.O.C. almost died when a car accident resulted in the crushing of his larynx , permanently changing his voice . Since his recovery , he has released two more albums , Helter Skelter in 1996 and Deuce in 2003 . Since 2006 , The D.O.C. has been working on new material for his fourth album Voices .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ec6fa53ed2e5e4fc8f238c1fd1c67cff", "text": "Friday Night Lights (mixtape) Friday Night Lights is the third official mixtape from Fayetteville , North Carolina rapper J. Cole . It was released on November 12 , 2010 . The mixtape was to originally be called Villematic and contain J. Cole 's previous leaks and freestyles , however , Cole later stated it would have original material . The mixtape became the second most searched and trending topics on Google and Twitter respectively following its release . Most songs on the mixtape were slated to be on his debut album at one point or another . The mixtape has been viewed over 4,470,000 times , streamed over 1,280,000 times , and downloaded over 1,700,000 times on mixtape site DatPiff . On June 26 , 2013 Cole announced that he would be re-releasing The Warm Up and Friday Night Lights for retail sale , in order to give them the push they deserved .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "06f2506ed5f5aae4d280b25d6f817446", "text": "Dae Dae Marquavis Goolsby ( born July 29 , 1992 ) , better known by his stage name Dae Dae , is an American rapper from Atlanta , Georgia . He is known for his debut single `` Wat U Mean ( Aye , Aye , Aye ) . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7ff3aa13bbc27a45573cb305fdb0cb14", "text": "Wordsworth (rapper) Wordsworth ( born Vinson Jamel Johnson ) is an underground hip hop MC from Brooklyn , best known for his freestyle rap . Wordsworth grew up in Brooklyn . A graduate of the State University of New York College at Old Westbury , Wordsworth recorded with his partner Punchline ( they worked as `` Punch 'N' Words '' ) on A Tribe Called Quest 's The Love Movement and on Mos Def and Talib Kweli 's Black Star . Wordsworth and Punchline were featured heavily on Connecticut rapper Apathy 's mixtapes , and collaborated with fellow Demigodz member , Rise . He was also involved in the critically acclaimed MTV comedy sketch series Lyricist Lounge . He made his solo debut in September 2004 with Mirror Music . He also featured in a Slam Bush music video in which he is hip hop `` battling '' a nervous George W. Bush ( or at least footage of him taken from other videos ) . Words is a member of the supergroup eMC , alongside Masta Ace , Punchline and Strick . He was the vocalist on Prince Paul 's Bubble Party for The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie soundtrack . He also appears in the Kevin Fitzgerald film Freestyle : The Art of Rhyme . Wordsworth is also featured on the debut album Series Premiere from Toronto hip-hop duo , Perfeck Strangers in the track `` Dreams '' . He announced a new album , The Photo Album , that was released in June 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b1931603aedbe38deee27ced57b10193", "text": "Tru Life Roberto Guzmán Rosado , Jr. ( born March 19 , 1976 ) , better known by his stage name Tru Life , is an American rapper of Puerto Rican descent . He was signed to Jay-Z 's Roc-A-Fella Records briefly but was incarcerated soon after . Before signing he had spent time with various other labels , featured on numerous songs and had already generated quite a buzz due to prominent beefs , appearances on mixtapes and Smack DVD . He was released from prison in 2016 . Since his release from prison he has actively protested his innocence , and stated that he pled guilty to a criminal charge only because of the situation being effectively stacked against him in such a way that he felt he could not win a trial , despite the fact that he did n't participate in any crime . In his eyes , it was a better choice to plead guilty and accept the sentence than to risk a trial , which would have not only put him at risk of being convicted of a more serious crime but also at risk of a much longer sentence . He has also indicated since his release that he is a changed man and has left his previous life of crime and drama long behind him and is moving on in a positive direction . Soon after his release Tru Life featured on a song with Rick Ross which was received well . The music video for the song , released on YouTube , gathered over 1 million views within one month . As of January 2017 Tru Life has featured on a few mixtape tracks but has not released a single nor has he indicated any signs of signing to a record label . He has stated that he is working on his own record and starting his own label .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0b98cc07cc91023c9f7351797f784ed6", "text": "One More Chance (The Notorious B.I.G. song) `` One More Chance / Stay with Me ( Remix ) '' is a song written and recorded by American rapper The Notorious B.I.G. , featuring additional vocals sung by his wife Faith Evans and an uncredited appearance by Mary J. Blige . It was certified platinum by the RIAA on July 31 , 1995 and sold 1.1 million copies . The original version of the song appears on B.I.G. 's album , Ready to Die . The remix features new lyrics , a new chorus , and a different beat than the original . There is also a `` hip hop mix '' which samples Marley Marl 's `` Droppin Science '' ( featuring rapper Craig G ) . Evans was an up-and-coming R&B artist at the time . The remix , produced by the Trackmasters samples DeBarge 's 1983 song `` Stay with Me '' . The song peaked at # 2 on the Billboard Hot 100 and topped the Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Songs chart . It was the highest debuting single of all time , tying with Michael Jackson and Janet Jackson song `` Scream '' when it entered the Hot 100 at # 5 at the time . ( This record stood until later that year , when Michael Jackson 's `` You Are Not Alone '' debuted at number one . ) It remained the highest debuting single for a rap song on the Hot 100 until Puff Daddy 's tribute song `` I 'll Be Missing You '' debuted at # 1 . ( Lauryn Hill , Eminem and DJ Khaled would later equal this feat , with the former 's `` Doo Wop ( That Thing ) '' entering in the top spot in 1998 , the aforementioned with `` Not Afraid '' in 2010 and the latter with `` I 'm The One '' in 2017 . )", "title": "" } ]	fever
2670e8a52481251709cc80b828d24733	Ink Master is a film.	[ { "docid": "ff3b5e944485f36e6222f94e68af2ca1", "text": "Ink Master Ink Master is an American reality competition television series airing on Spike which premiered on January 17 , 2012 . The show features tattoo artists who compete in various challenges assessing their tattoo and other related artistic skills . They are judged by renowned tattoo artists and enthusiasts , with one or more contestants being eliminated each episode . The last contestant standing each season receives a $ 100,000 prize and the title of Ink Master . The show is produced by Original Media which also produced the reality show Miami Ink . The sixth season of the show premiered on June 23 , 2015 . In May , the network renewed Ink Master for a seventh season which premiered on March 1 , 2016 . The eighth season of the tattoo reality competition Ink Master ( subtitled as Ink Master : Peck vs. Nuñez ) premiered on August 23 , 2016 on Spike . Season 8 had its first female winner . The show has been renewed for seasons 9 and 10 . A spin-off show , titled Ink Master : Redemption , has also been released . The series has also released a number of special standalone episodes generally themed around an upcoming event or holiday such as Halloween .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "5c606b4df1efafbb5911d1e0836079ac", "text": "Radio Ink Radio Ink is a radio broadcasting industry trade magazine owned by Streamline Publishing . Radio Ink serves the management community of the radio industry in the United States and in 43 countries worldwide . The focus of the bi-weekly magazine is radio management and operations challenges facing commercial radio broadcasters .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3c95d6b6f0e5fc404bce953042aa238", "text": "Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film . The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64daf635e0704799258b62ebaea7c666", "text": "Art film An art film is typically a serious , independent film aimed at a niche market rather than a mass market audience . An art film is `` intended to be a serious artistic work , often experimental and not designed for mass appeal '' ; they are `` made primarily for aesthetic reasons rather than commercial profit '' , and they contain `` unconventional or highly symbolic content '' . Film critics and film studies scholars typically define an art film as possessing `` formal qualities that mark them as different from mainstream Hollywood films '' , which can include , among other elements , a sense of social realism ; an emphasis on the authorial expressiveness of the director ; and a focus on the thoughts , dreams , or motivations of characters , as opposed to the unfolding of a clear , goal-driven story . Film scholar David Bordwell describes art cinema as `` a film genre , with its own distinct conventions '' . Art film producers usually present their films at specialty theatres ( repertory cinemas , or , in the U.S. , `` arthouse cinemas '' ) and film festivals . The term art film is much more widely used in the United States , the UK and Australia than in Europe , where the term is more associated with `` auteur '' films and `` national cinema '' ( e.g. , German national cinema ) . Because they are aimed at small niche market audiences , they can rarely get the financial backing that will permit large production budgets , expensive special effects , costly celebrity actors , or huge advertising campaigns , as are used in widely released mainstream blockbuster films . Art film directors make up for these constraints by creating a different type of film , which typically uses lesser-known film actors ( or even amateur actors ) and modest sets to make films that focus much more on developing ideas or exploring new narrative techniques or film-making conventions . A certain degree of experience and knowledge are required to fully understand or appreciate such films . One mid-1990s art film was called `` largely a cerebral experience '' that one enjoys `` because of what you know about film '' . This contrasts sharply with mainstream `` blockbuster '' films , which are geared more towards escapism and pure entertainment . For promotion , art films rely on the publicity generated from film critics ' reviews , discussion of their film by arts columnists , commentators and bloggers , and `` word-of-mouth '' promotion by audience members . Since art films have small initial investment costs , they only need to appeal to a small portion of the mainstream viewing audiences to become financially viable .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c1146f2b571a710c163739ce10c7298e", "text": "Film gate The film gate is the rectangular opening in the front of a motion picture camera where the film is exposed to light . The film gate can be seen by removing the lens and rotating the shutter out of the way . The film is held on a uniform plane at a calibrated distance in the gate by a pressure plate behind the film . Occasionally , as the film passes through the gate , friction can cause small slivers of celluloid to break off and stick in the side of the opening . This debris is called hairs . A `` hair in the gate '' will remain in front of the film and create a dark line that sticks into the edge of the film frame as the camera is filming a shot . A hair can ruin the shot and is almost impossible to fix in post production without being removed digitally . Because of the intractability of this problem the 1st Assistant Camera ( in the UK this position is known as focus puller ) will open the camera and examine the gate for hairs at the end of each shot . Normally the assistant director will call out `` check the gate '' when the director is ready to move on to the next shot . The crew will wait until the focus puller calls out `` gate is clean . '' If the gate is not clean , it will be cleaned with orangewood sticks and canned air and the crew will take the shot again . A good camera crew usually checks all cameras and magazines during equipment checkout with scratch tests using fogged film rolls -- this will catch out any possible scratch or hair problems caused by faulty equipment . However , a variety of other factors including environment , humidity , type of film stock , camera position , film ridging , and lacing can each be responsible for a `` hair in the gate '' . Generally , skilled crew and regularly inspected tested equipment make this a rare occurrence , and it is not unheard of for assistants to go for months without seeing one , even on large-scale shoots . The cinematographer Oliver Stapleton praised his assisting team on Casanova for not having a single hair or scratch for the whole shoot , even though large portions were shot on dusty exteriors . Video cameras do not have this problem , as any malfunction to the sensor will render the entire system useless . The Arri D-20 and D-21 system , however , does have removable lenses and a rotating optical shutter , which means that the CMOS sensor can be exposed in much the same way as a film gate and thus needs to be kept assiduously clean .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "58100633cf42586f8eb8ac47bc8ccccc", "text": "The Book of Masters The Book of Masters ( -LSB- Книга Мастеров , Kniga Masterov -RSB- ) is a Russian language fantasy film produced by the CIS division of the Disney company and directed by Vadim Sokolovsky . It was released in Russia on October 29 , 2009 . The story is based on Russian fairy tales , such as `` The Stone Flower '' and other stories from The Malachite Casket collection . It is Disney 's first film made in Russia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5c234956897620a92ad4de704a830618", "text": "Master Stroke Master Stroke ( Colpo maestro al servizio di Sua Maestà britannica ) is a 1967 Italian crime film directed by Michele Lupo and starring Richard Harrison .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fe826812c3735989c6311210163b868d", "text": "Motion Picture Editors Guild The Motion Picture Editors Guild ( MPEG ) is the guild that represents freelance and staff motion picture film and television editors and other post-production professionals and story analysts throughout the United States . The Motion Picture Editors Guild ( Union Local 700 ) is a part of the 500 affiliated local unions of the International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees ( IATSE ) , a national labor organization with 104,000-plus members . There are more than 6,000 members of the Editors Guild . The MPEG negotiates collective bargaining agreements ( union contracts ) with producers and major motion picture movie studios and enforces existing agreements with employers involved in post-production . The MPEG provides assistance for securing better working conditions , including but salary , medical benefits , safety ( particularly `` turnaround time '' ) and artistic ( assignment of credit ) concerns .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fddb33521c4da76d6f4ff1a3f0629492", "text": "Fine grain master positive A fine grain master positive is a photographic term . It is also known as a fine grain master or fine grain and is a high-definition black-and-white intermediate positive image generated from a negative for the purpose of creating additional duplicate negatives . This intermediate element is exposed and chemically processed to a photographic gamma that will permit duplicate negatives as close to the original as is possible by a photochemical process . While a fine grain master appears over-exposed and dark , it contains all of the information in the original negative , compressed into the toe and straight-line portion of the H&D curve via exposure and chemical processing . The image is uncompressed when the duplicate negative is made from the element and the tonal range expanded up into the top straight-line and shoulder portion of the H&D curve .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9ff75b23b052aaab5193f5dc92dc8938", "text": "Inkpot Award The Inkpot Award is an honor bestowed annually since 1974 by Comic-Con International . It is given to professionals in the fields of comic books , comic strips , animation , science fiction , and related areas of popular culture , at CCI 's annual convention , commonly known as `` San Diego Comic-Con '' . Also eligible are members of Comic-Con 's Board of Directors and convention committee . The recipients , listed below , are known primarily as comics creators , including writers ; artists ; letterers ; colorists ; editors ; or publishers ; unless otherwise noted .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9809aec28e62fb5fb68ccb4b2685bb52", "text": "Ross LaManna Ross LaManna is an American screenwriter and author . He is best known for creating the Rush Hour series starring Jackie Chan and Chris Tucker . His first novel , Acid Test , was published in the U.S. and Canada by Ballantine Books . The geopolitical thriller was chosen as an Amazon.com `` Penzler Pick '' and as The Mysterious Bookshop 's selection for `` Best First Fiction '' . It was published in several foreign territories and as an audiobook . He attended the University of Southern California in Los Angeles , graduating cum laude with a Bachelor of Arts in screenwriting , and also holds a Master of Arts from Arizona State University in dramatic writing . He began in the entertainment industry working on international legal affairs at the independent studio Embassy Pictures . Columbia Pictures purchased a speculative script he had written while at Embassy , and soon thereafter he was hired by United Artists under a two-picture writing deal . Carolco Pictures later hired him under a unique , two-year `` in-house screenwriter '' arrangement , where he worked on a number of their projects . He has written original screenplays , adaptations or rewrites for Fox , Disney , Paramount , Columbia , Universal , HBO Films and many independent companies . As of June , 2013 , he is Chairman of the Undergraduate and Graduate Film Departments at the Art Center College of Design in Pasadena , California , and also on the Board of Directors for the United States Air Force Entertainment Liaison Office . At Art Center , he brought in a number of notable filmmakers as part-time instructors , including the cinematographer Affonso Beato , ASC , the storyboard artist Tim Burgard , the director/producer Jeremiah Chechik , the cinematographer Allen Daviau , ASC , the screenwriter Doug Eboch , the director David Kellogg , the composer Dennis McCarthy , the title designer Dan Perri , the director/producer Richard Pearce , the entertainment attorney Lee Rosenbaum , the writer/director Bobby Roth , the director/actor Mark Rydell , the producer/director John Suits , the director Ron Underwood and the editor Billy Weber .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aebfbd1fe41d1319158f7443d5fd5c75", "text": "Ink (film) Ink is a 2009 American science fiction fantasy film , written and directed by Jamin Winans , starring Chris Kelly , Quinn Hunchar and Jessica Duffy . It was produced by Winans 's own independent production company , Double Edge Films , with Kiowa K. Winans , and shot by cinematographer Jeff Pointer in locations around Denver , Colorado . The film premiered at the Santa Barbara International Film Festival on January 23 , 2009 , and has screened in Denver , the Cancun Film Festival ( where it won the Best International Feature award ) , Rams Head Onstage in Baltimore and in a number of independent movie houses in cities around the US . The film was widely circulated in peer-to-peer networks , which led to its commercial success .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3b7844e1af2164a897fe7d7332cc2536", "text": "Inkscape Inkscape is a free and open-source vector graphics editor ; it can be used to create or edit vector graphics such as illustrations , diagrams , line arts , charts , logos and complex paintings . Inkscape 's primary vector graphics format is Scalable Vector Graphics ( SVG ) , however many other formats can be imported and exported . Inkscape can render primitive vector shapes ( e.g. rectangles , ellipses , polygons , arcs , spirals , stars and 3D boxes ) and text . These objects may be filled with solid colors , patterns , radial or linear color gradients and their borders may be stroked , both with adjustable transparency . Embedding and optional tracing of raster graphics is also supported , enabling the editor to create vector graphics from photos and other raster sources . Created shapes can be further manipulated with transformations , such as moving , rotating , scaling and skewing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0eb8f794418ab55c63dc9f50bdb37757", "text": "Takeo Kimura filmography The following is the filmography of Takeo Kimura , the Japanese art director , writer , and film director who has art-directed more than 200 films over a span of more than six decades and ranks among Japan 's best-known art directors . His training began with the Nikkatsu Company in 1941 , whose production division was merged into Daiei during the wartime industry reorganization , where he was promoted to art director in 1945 . His debut film as such was Umi no yobu koe ( 1945 ) . Nikkatsu re-opened its production studio in 1954 and Kimura moved there . He worked with several directors , including top action director Toshio Masuda on films such as Red Quay ( 1958 ) with top star Yujiro Ishihara and Gangster VIP ( 1968 ) starring Tetsuya Watari . However , his longest and most famous collaboration has been with director Seijun Suzuki , which began with The Bastard ( 1963 ) . Together they developed a bold , expressive style exemplified in Gate of Flesh ( 1964 ) and Tokyo Drifter ( 1966 ) . Suzuki often rewrote his scripts with Kimura , who was given his first screenwriting credit on The Flower and the Angry Waves ( 1964 ) . Kimura was also a part of Guryū Hachirō , the pen name of the writing group that formed around Suzuki in the mid-1960s and wrote Branded to Kill ( 1967 ) . Kimura left Nikkatsu in 1973 to work freelance . He subsequently art-directed many films for director Kei Kumai over almost 20 years . This included Kumai 's best-known film Sandakan No. 8 ( 1974 ) , Love and Faith ( 1978 ) featuring Toshirō Mifune and The Sea Is Watching ( 2002 ) based on one of Akira Kurosawa 's final scripts . Kimura 's collaboration with director Kazuo Kuroki exceeded 20 years , including the Art Theatre Guild film Preparation for the Festival ( 1975 ) and The Face of Jizo ( 2004 ) . He worked with Suzuki on several more films , including Zigeunerweisen ( 1980 ) and Pistol Opera ( 2001 ) , a follow-up to Branded to Kill . Zigeunerweisen was voted best Japanese film of the 1980s by Japanese film critics . He art-directed on Fire Festival and Tampopo ( both 1985 ) , career highlights in the respective oeuvres of directors Mitsuo Yanagimachi and Juzo Itami . Kaizō Hayashi 's best remembered and debut film To Sleep so as to Dream ( 1986 ) marked the beginning of another long collaboration which also encompassed his Maiku Hama trilogy : The Most Terrible Time in My Life ( 1994 ) , Stairway to the Distant Past ( 1995 ) and The Trap ( 1996 ) . At age 86 Kimura directed the first of four short films with Mugen Sasurai ( 2004 ) , which earned him the title for oldest directorial debut . The last was Matouqin Nocturne ( 2007 ) in which Suzuki appeared in a prominent role . Kimura then wrote and directed the feature-length film Dreaming Awake ( 2008 ) based on his own self-published novel . He was recognized by Guinness World Records for `` the oldest debut as a feature film director '' at age 90 . Suzuki again appeared in the film . Kimura himself acted in a couple small roles for other directors .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ee212d3fd54208194780b4491f8bd58", "text": "A Master of Men A Master of Men is a 1918 British silent film directed by Wilfred Noy and starring Malcolm Keen , Dorothy Bellew and Marie Hemingway .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "716ce33f860c974ad795bd88501890aa", "text": "Rikyu (film) is Hiroshi Teshigahara 's film about the 16th century master of the Japanese tea ceremony , Sen no Rikyū . The film focuses on the late stages of life of Rikyū , during the highly turbulent Sengoku period of feudal Japan . It starts near the end of Oda Nobunaga 's reign , with Rikyū serving as tea master to Nobunaga , and continues into the Momoyama Period . Rikyū is portrayed as a man thoroughly dedicated to aesthetics and perfection , especially in relation to the art of tea . While serving as tea master to the new ruler Toyotomi Hideyoshi , Rikyū finds himself in a uniquely privileged position , with constant access to the powerful feudal lord and the theoretical ability to influence policy , yet he studiously avoids deep involvement in politics while attempting to focus his full attention to the study and teachings of the way of tea . To the extent that he expresses himself , he does so diplomatically , in a way to avoid disrupting the harmony of his relationship with Hideyoshi . Yet , as society is changed violently and radically around him , also finding himself the focus of jealousy and misdirected suspicions , Rikyū ultimately can not avoid confronting larger social issues . He is compelled to express an opinion on Hideyoshi 's military plans . This one breach of his studied isolation from world affairs leads quickly to tragic consequences . Director Teshigahara , himself a master and teacher of the Japanese traditional art of ikebana , brings the viewer into appreciation and deep sympathy for Rikyu 's aesthetic idealism and his careful diplomatic efforts to avoid excessive entanglement in political affairs . The film itself is very studied in its aestheticism , and very expressive of the shocking force of life intruding into the guarded hermetic space of the artist/idealist .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "97110922d6e385c1c5fc5a03650b67de", "text": "Old master print An old master print is a work of art produced by a printing process within the Western tradition . The term remains current in the art trade , and there is no easy alternative in English to distinguish the works of `` fine art '' produced in printmaking from the vast range of decorative , utilitarian and popular prints that grew rapidly alongside the artistic print from the 15th century onwards . Fifteenth-century prints are sufficiently rare that they are classed as old master prints even if they are of crude or merely workmanlike artistic quality . A date of about 1830 is usually taken as marking the end of the period whose prints are covered by this term . The main techniques used , in order of their introduction , are woodcut , engraving , etching , mezzotint and aquatint , although there are others . Different techniques are often combined in a single print . With rare exceptions printed on textiles , such as silk , or on vellum , old master prints are printed on paper . This article is concerned with the artistic , historical and social aspects of the subject ; the article on printmaking summarizes the techniques used in making old master prints , from a modern perspective . Many great European artists , such as Albrecht Dürer , Rembrandt , and Francisco Goya , were dedicated printmakers . In their own day , their international reputations largely came from their prints , which were spread far more widely than their paintings . Influences between artists were also mainly transmitted beyond a single city by prints ( and sometimes drawings ) , for the same reason . Prints therefore are frequently brought up in detailed analyses of individual paintings in art history . Today , thanks to colour photo reproductions , and public galleries , their paintings are much better known , whilst their prints are only rarely exhibited , for conservation reasons . But some museum print rooms allow visitors to see their collection , sometimes only by appointment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93f021d71ca065c22090510521f51787", "text": "Fountain pen ink Fountain pen ink is a water-based ink intended for use with fountain pens .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1c2b0aecd0782dc68fe861a3d81170b8", "text": "Offset printing Offset printing is a commonly used printing technique in which the inked image is transferred ( or `` offset '' ) from a plate to a rubber blanket , then to the printing surface . When used in combination with the lithographic process , which is based on the repulsion of oil and water , the offset technique employs a flat ( planographic ) image carrier on which the image to be printed obtains ink from ink rollers , while the non-printing area attracts a water-based film ( called `` fountain solution '' ) , keeping the non-printing areas ink-free . The modern `` web '' process feeds a large reel of paper through a large press machine in several parts , typically for several metres , which then prints continuously as the paper is fed through . Development of the offset press came in two versions : in 1875 by Robert Barclay of England for printing on tin , and in 1904 by Ira Washington Rubel of the United States for printing on paper .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7d3b638bbb4451f0517c9dc8a717bd7d", "text": "Spin Master Spin Master is a Canadian global toy and entertainment company that has been designing , developing , manufacturing , and marketing consumer products for children around the world since 1994 . Its brands include Bakugan , Meccano , Air Hogs , PAW Patrol , Aquadoodle , TGR , Tech Deck and 2015 Toy of the Year , Zoomer Dino . Spin Master employs over 1000 people globally with offices in Canada , United States , Mexico , France , Italy , United Kingdom , Slovakia , Germany , Sweden , the Netherlands , China , Hong Kong , Japan , and Australia . Since 2005 , Spin Master has received 63 TIA Toy of The Year ( TOTY ) nominations with 16 wins across a variety of product categories . Spin Master has been recognized with 12 TOTY nominations for Innovative Toy of the Year . In 2007 , the company launched Spin Master Entertainment , a media division that develops and produces global entertainment properties , characters and content . Spin Master Entertainment has produced five television series , including Bakugan Battle Brawlers , Little Charmers and its current hit PAW Patrol , which is broadcast in over 160 countries and territories globally . In 2014 Spin Master Entertainment launched a news broadcast named TGR . In 2016 , The Ohio Art Company announced that they sold its Etch A Sketch and Doodle Sketch brands to Spin Master .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4c889c52c6d7085efc82e58562c5f729", "text": "Masterfile (library) Masterfile Corporation is a stock photography library in Toronto , Ontario , Canada It is represented in over 100 other countries around the world by independent agents and distributors . Masterfile is a visual content provider . A generalist stock photo library , with a lifestyle focus , Masterfile has a collection of millions of Rights-Managed and Royalty-Free photos and illustrations . The collection covers all genres and subjects . Images are licensed to commercial buyers for use in advertising , editorial and other media . Royalties are paid to the contributing artists . The images are stored digitally , showcased , licensed and delivered instantly to business clients worldwide via the Internet 24/7 .", "title": "" } ]	fever
8e7ad8653d3733e4612a8fcd206bde6a	Jane Lynch is an entertainer.	[ { "docid": "58b0886643d9ae423bbc45538108b971", "text": "Jane Lynch Jane Marie Lynch ( born July 14 , 1960 ) is an American actress , singer , and comedian . She is best known as Sue Sylvester on Glee . She also gained fame in Christopher Guest 's improv mockumentary pictures such as Best in Show . Lynch 's television cameos include an appearance in the Nickelodeon situation comedy iCarly and the Showtime dark comedy series Weeds . Lynch had a recurring role in the Warner Bros. situation comedy Two and a Half Men from 2004 to 2014 and was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for her performance in 2010 . She has also had other notable roles in numerous mainstream comedies , such as Talladega Nights : The Ballad of Ricky Bobby , The 40-Year-Old Virgin , Role Models and The Three Stooges . Her portrayal of Sue Sylvester in Glee has won numerous awards , including the Primetime Emmy Award , Golden Globe Award , Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Comedy Series , TCA Award for Individual Achievement in Comedy , Satellite Award for Best Supporting Actress -- Series , Miniseries , or Television Film , and the People 's Choice Award for Favorite TV Comedy Actress . On September 4 , 2013 , Lynch received the 2,505 th star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in the category of television located at 6640 Hollywood Blvd. . Lynch has lent her voice to multiple animated films , including Space Chimps , Ice Age : Dawn of the Dinosaurs , Shrek Forever After and Wreck-It Ralph . Since 2013 , she has hosted the NBC game show Hollywood Game Night , for which she has won two Emmy Awards .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "849f7ac379fc386f8e4f81e9a5bd6633", "text": "Lynch (band) Lynch ( stylized as lynch . ) is a Japanese visual-kei metal band formed in 2004 . The band 's concept is `` uniting heavy music with beautiful melodies . '' As of 2016 , the group has released two EPs , nine albums , and 15 singles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d7e218fa44d73d4e3fcd15472abff9f", "text": "Entertainer of the Year Entertainer of the Year is the twenty-first studio album by American country music singer-songwriter , Loretta Lynn . It was released on February 26 , 1973 , by MCA Records . Entertainer of the Year was titled after Lynn received the `` Entertainer of the Year '' award from the Country Music Association the previous year , becoming the first woman to win that award . The one and only single from the album was released in late 1972 , `` Rated X '' . The song was a self-penned song by Lynn and peaked at # 1 on the Billboard country chart in 1973 , her first # 1 hit since 1971 , and became also one of her more controversial songs , describing the double-standard frequently endured by divorced women at the time . The album was Lynn 's first studio album of 1973 , and Lynn would end up releasing an additional two for the year . The album was very successful on the Billboard album charts , peaking at # 1 on the Top Country Albums chart , and did not chart on the Billboard 200 . The album became Lynn 's fourth album to top the Top Country Albums chart . The album was Lynn 's first released on the MCA Records label , after the Decca label was retired by the company .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8744239062a9f96d182dc1e9d1ff5137", "text": "Entertainment Entertainment is a form of activity that holds the attention and interest of an audience , or gives pleasure and delight . It can be an idea or a task , but is more likely to be one of the activities or events that have developed over thousands of years specifically for the purpose of keeping an audience 's attention . Although people 's attention is held by different things , because individuals have different preferences in entertainment , most forms are recognisable and familiar . Storytelling , music , drama , dance , and different kinds of performance exist in all cultures , were supported in royal courts , developed into sophisticated forms and over time became available to all citizens . The process has been accelerated in modern times by an entertainment industry that records and sells entertainment products . Entertainment evolves and can be adapted to suit any scale , ranging from an individual who chooses a private entertainment from a now enormous array of pre-recorded products ; to a banquet adapted for two ; to any size or type of party , with appropriate music and dance ; to performances intended for thousands ; and even for a global audience . The experience of being entertained has come to be strongly associated with amusement , so that one common understanding of the idea is fun and laughter , although many entertainments have a serious purpose . This may be the case in the various forms of ceremony , celebration , religious festival , or satire for example . Hence , there is the possibility that what appears as entertainment may also be a means of achieving insight or intellectual growth . An important aspect of entertainment is the audience , which turns a private recreation or leisure activity into entertainment . The audience may have a passive role , as in the case of persons watching a play , opera , television show , or film ; or the audience role may be active , as in the case of games , where the participant/audience roles may be routinely reversed . Entertainment can be public or private , involving formal , scripted performance , as in the case of theatre or concerts ; or unscripted and spontaneous , as in the case of children 's games . Most forms of entertainment have persisted over many centuries , evolving due to changes in culture , technology , and fashion . Films and video games , for example , although they use newer media , continue to tell stories , present drama , and play music . Festivals devoted to music , film , or dance allow audiences to be entertained over a number of consecutive days . Some activities that were once considered entertaining , particularly public punishments , have been removed from the public arena . Others , such as fencing or archery , once necessary skills for some , have become serious sports and even professions for the participants , at the same time developing into entertainment with wider appeal for bigger audiences . In the same way , other necessary skills , such as cooking , have developed into performances among professionals , staged as global competitions and then broadcast for entertainment . What entertainment is for one group or individual may be regarded as work by another . The familiar forms of entertainment have the capacity to cross over different media and have demonstrated a seemingly unlimited potential for creative remix . This has ensured the continuity and longevity of many themes , images , and structures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e28be3f8e43306eeed39eb9fe3a3d63f", "text": "Katherine Lynch Katherine Lynch is an Irish television personality from County Leitrim . She has had several television series broadcast on RTÉ Two , with titles like Working Girls , Wonderwomen and Single Ladies . Lynch also participated as a bainisteoir in the second series of the RTÉ One 's Celebrity Bainisteoir . She is said to have established a following among the Irish gay community .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "36532fff5ad90cba2231e52b15da1b51", "text": "Jane Turpin Jane Turpin is a fictional girl character , created by Evadne Price . Most of these stories were published in The Novel Magazine and later compiled in a book form , in the period 1928 to 1947 ( roughly the end of World War II ) . Jane is often referred to as the `` female William '' , a reference to the Just William stories of Richmal Crompton which were very popular at the time . Jane was depicted as a young child with angelic looks and golden curls , whose looks often belied her intent . Jane was depicted to be of a tomboyish nature , rebelling against authority , and the books usually used situation comedy to generate humour . Jane uses a distinctive lingo . Among her trademark distinctive speech is the substitution of the word `` terrible '' by the distorted form `` terrable '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1de11f58ae5303fffae0cdaa06aef606", "text": "Carla Lynch Carla Jade Lynch ( born 19 May 1984 , Newcastle upon Tyne ) is a British comedian and model who plays the `` Scummy Mummy '' in Channel 4 's comedy show Balls of Steel . Carla got her first break in television as a presenter on Channel 4 's Whatever in 2006 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "47dbf0496f3b303ef46641ff2fac0442", "text": "Jim Gerald James Gerald ( 1 January 1891 -- 1971 ) was an Australia comedian , circus clown , acrobat , writer , director and troupe leader and filmmaker . He is generally regarded as one of the four leading post-World War I comedians to work the Australasian variety circuits , the others being Nat Phillips , Roy Rene , and George Wallace . Born at Darlington , Sydney , Gerald was the seventh son of Stephen Australia Fitzgerald , a tailor turned actor , and his wife Mary Ann , née Ingram . In his youth Jim played truant from school to watch acrobats practising on the sandhills behind Centennial Park , learned to tumble and haunted his uncles ' circus . Three of his brothers also went on the stage using the names ` Max Clifton ' , ` Lance Vane ' and ` Cliff Stevens ' . In 1898 his father apprenticed him to Oscar Pagel 's Circus . He subsequently travelled the world , including South Africa , Africa , the Far East and North America for around ten years . Back in Australia by 1908 , Gerald found employment with several circuses ; and as ` Diabolo ' was billed as the first man to loop the loop on a motorcycle . In 1910 he and two of his brothers , Lance Vane and Max Clifton , appeared in The Life and Adventures of John Vane , the Notorious Australian Bushranger . That film , also directed by his father , is now viewed as a significant landmark in Australian cinema history , being the first recorded involvement in narrative film production by Charles Cozens Spencer ( a leading figure in the early Australian film industry ) . Gerald 's `` move into variety entertainment began in 1912 when he toured with his father 's All Stars drama and vaudeville company as both comedian and acrobat . Although he soon afterwards signed with the Fullers ' Theatres vaudeville circuit Gerald was immediately leased to Stanley McKay for his touring pantomime company , and over the next five to six years appeared throughout Australia and New Zealand as a specialist pantomime dame Within a year of joining McKay 's company Gerald married Esther Patience Futcher , a 27-year-old actress known as ` Essie Jennings ' . The ceremony took place on 21 July 1913 at St Peter 's Anglican Church , Wellington , New Zealand , \\ . The two latter formed a highly popular knockabout comedy sketch act , appearing in sketches such as the `` The Actress and the Paperhanger '' and `` The new Recruit . '' Fitzgerald enlisted in the Australian Imperial Force on 5 May 1916 and served in Mesopotamia as a driver with the 1st Australian and New Zealand Wireless Signal Squadron . Discharged on 12 October 1918 , he returned to the Fullers ' circuit and was soon asked by ( Sir ) Benjamin Fuller to write and produce his own revue sketches . He had seen the funny side of soldiering in Mesopotamia and his act , ` The New Recruit ' , remained popular for years . Unlike his contemporaries Roy Rene and George Wallace , Gerald was ` unashamedly international ' in his work . Almost every Christmas he played the dame in pantomimes . He made some thirty silent films in the United States of America in 1928 , and was influenced by Charlie Chaplin whom he greatly admired . When the Fullers folded in 1933 , Gerald continued to play six-month seasons in Sydney and Melbourne under various managements . In 1935-36 he appeared in several revues at the Garrick Theatre , London , including Do n't Spare the Horses . Returning to Sydney , in May 1936 he featured in Shout for Joy . One critic wrote that he ` can not particularly sing nor does he know much about dancing , but he is undoubtedly a master of patter , of quick , well-timed delivery and retort ' . Gerald signed a contract with the Australian Broadcasting Commission in February 1939 ; he starred in ` Jim and Jitters ' with Jim Davidson 's A.B.C. Dance Band and conducted the Saturday ` After-Dinner Show ' . Next year he formed his own radio-production company . On 10 April 1941 Gerald was appointed honorary lieutenant colonel in the A.I.F. Placed in charge of the Entertainment Unit , he embarked for the Middle East on 1 September in the Queen Elizabeth . A shrewd organizer and an experienced producer , he gathered Davidson and his band , comedians , singers , jugglers , acrobats and trick cyclists , as well as backstage technicians , ` among them costume designers , seamstresses and electricians ' . At his headquarters at Tel Aviv , Palestine , he recruited a female chorus line . The first performance at Gaza of All in Fun was ` received with rapturous applause ' . Home again in October 1942 , Gerald transferred to the retired list on 31 December . He joined the Tivoli circuit and appeared in the revue , Stripped for Action ( 1943 ) . In 1951 he played the happy roué in Ladies ' Night in a Turkish Bath . He shared top billing with Wallace in Thanks for the Memory , at the Princess Theatre , Melbourne , in 1953 and toured for three years in that revue . He was ` as uproariously funny as ever though not as spry ' in The Good Old Days ( Sydney , 1957 ) . Next year he retired to St Kilda , Melbourne . Gerald enjoyed watching any kind of sport , but his passion was for motoring : he owned a succession of cars which he drove across America , through Europe , the Middle East and Britain , and all over Australia . After Essie 's death in 1969 , he moved into a home at Rosebud . He died there on 2 March 1971 and was cremated . ` Jim Gerald was probably best remembered for his versatility -- as a big-eared oaf in baggy pants and shapeless hat , as a seemingly rubber-boned and pathetically droll clown and as Australia 's greatest pantomime dame . '", "title": "" }, { "docid": "15c9406dbc4e3d7de479d8b0bab9e5d3", "text": "Jane Summerhays Jane Summerhays ( born October 11 , 1944 in Salt Lake City , Utah ) is an American actress known for her work on stage , screen , and film . Her television credits include guest roles on One Life to Live , All My Children , Tales from the Darkside , Working It Out , The Cosby Mysteries , New York News , Law & Order , Sex and the City , and Ed . Summerhays has also appeared in the 2001 film This Train in the role of Love and the 2005 film Backseat as the mother . Summerhays is probably best known for her stage work . She first appeared as a member of the ensemble in the national tour of Nash at Nine in 1975 . She next performed in the original 1976 Laurence Olivier Award winning London production of A Chorus Line as Sheila at the Drury Lane Theatre . In 1978 , Summerhays was cast as Lady Kay Wellington in the national touring production of Oh , Kay ! which included performances at the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts . She then reprised the role the following year at the Royal Alexandra Theatre in Toronto . Later that year Summerhays made her Broadway debut , replacing Kelly Bishop , who originated the part on Broadway , as Sheila in A Chorus Line . In 1979 , she played the role of Jane in the Broadway production of Sugar Babies , replacing actress Ann Jillian who originated the part . Summerhays also was the understudy for the lead role of Ann in the production and got to perform the role on a few occasions . In 1980 , she played the roles of Zelda Fitzgerald and Sylvia Beach in the American Place Theatre 's production of Paris Lights . In 1981 , she performed in a production of Hey , Look Me Over ! at Avery Fisher Hall . In 1983 , Summerhays returned to the Broadway production of A Chorus Line to once again play Sheila . In 1984 , she appeared as Maria in On Approval at the Roundabout Theatre . In 1985 , she played Jane and was the understudy for Ann in the national company tour of Sugar Babies . In 1986 , Summerhays starred as Lady Jaqueline Carstone in the original Broadway production and Me and My Girl for which she received a Drama Desk Award and a Tony Award nomination . She remained with the production for three years . Over the next two decades Summerhays appeared in several more Broadway productions including the roles of Diana in Lend Me a Tenor , Elizabeth in Taking Steps , Cynthia in The Real Inspector Hound , the musical review Dream , Fritzie and Fraulein Kost in Cabaret , and Miss Madelaine True in The Wild Party . Summerhays also appeared in several Off-Broadway and regional theater productions including Sympathy Jones , Camila , Broadway Gypsies , Good News , and Promises , Promises .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "25ca1c20d4c110b3fbfdd886f6a0bf0c", "text": "List of Saturday Night Live episodes Saturday Night Live ( SNL ) is a late-night sketch comedy and variety show created by Lorne Michaels . It premiered on NBC , a terrestrial television network , on October 11 , 1975 under the title NBC 's Saturday Night . The show often satirizes contemporary American popular culture and politics . Saturday Night Live features a two-tiered cast : the repertory members , also known as the `` Not Ready for Prime-Time Players , '' and newer cast members , known as `` Featured Players . '' Each week , the show features a host , often a well-known celebrity , who delivers an opening monologue and performs in sketches with the cast . A musical guest is also invited to perform several sets ( usually two , and occasionally more ) . Every so often a host or musical guest will fill both roles , such as was the case with Britney Spears in 2000 and 2002 , Jennifer Lopez in 2001 and 2010 , Justin Timberlake in 2003 , 2006 and 2013 , Taylor Swift in 2009 , Bruno Mars in 2012 , Lady Gaga in 2013 , Miley Cyrus in 2013 and 2015 , Drake in 2014 and 2016 , Blake Shelton in 2015 , and Ariana Grande in 2016 . With the exception of Season 7 and several other rare cases , the show has begun with a cold open that ends with someone breaking character and proclaiming `` Live from New York , it 's Saturday Night ! '' Saturday Night Live is one of the longest running network programs in American television history , with over 800 episodes broadcast over the span of 42 seasons . A number of the show 's sketches have been developed into feature films , including The Blues Brothers , Wayne 's World , A Night at the Roxbury , Superstar , Coneheads , and MacGruber . Seasons 1 through 5 are available on DVD in Region 1 . Various Saturday Night Live sketches are available in several new media formats , including streaming on Hulu and Netflix . Selected sketches and segments are also available for purchase at the iTunes Store to download and playback on home computers and certain iPod and iPhone models .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "428ca9087256aa1b89a9aaa01ab384dc", "text": "Talking With... Talking With ... is a 1982 play by Jane Martin , published by Samuel French Incorporated . The play is composed of eleven ten-minute monologues , each featuring a different woman who talks about her life . The play includes the pieces , `` Fifteen Minutes , '' `` Scraps , '' `` Clear Glass Marbles , '' `` Audition , '' `` Rodeo , '' `` Twirler , '' `` Lamps , '' `` Handler , '' `` Dragons , '' `` French Fries , '' and `` Marks . '' It premiered at the Manhattan Theatre Club in New York in 1982 and has been performed around the world . The play deals with the personal ordeals of each of the female characters . Many of them are very touching ; a few are even intensely emotional . However , there is also the very comical . Even the funny ones , however , have an underlying depth to them that gives a sensitive insight into each of the characters involved.The ladies cover a wide spectrum of life and age from the fading rodeo star in `` Rodeo '' to the young aspiring actress in `` Audition '' , there is much tenderness and diversity in the subject matter involved in the play .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e9e175ca32071aa0cbb8d9c7ce0bcd54", "text": "American burlesque American burlesque is a genre of variety show . Derived from elements of Victorian burlesque , music hall and minstrel shows , burlesque shows in America became popular in the 1860s and evolved to feature ribald comedy ( lewd jokes ) and female striptease . By the early 20th century , burlesque in America was presented as a populist blend of satire , performance art , music hall , and adult entertainment , featuring striptease and broad comedy acts . The entertainment was presented often in cabarets and clubs , as well as music halls and theatres . Performers , usually female , often created elaborate tableaux with lush , colorful costumes , mood-appropriate music , and dramatic lighting ; novelty acts , such as fire breathing or contortionists , might be added to enhance the impact of their performance . The genre traditionally encompassed a variety of acts : in addition to the striptease artistes , there was some combination of chanson singers , comedians , mime artists , and dancing girls , all delivered in a satiric style with a saucy edge . The striptease element of burlesque became subject to extensive local legislation , leading to a theatrical form that titillated without falling afoul of censors . Burlesque gradually lost popularity beginning in the 1940s . A number of producers sought to capitalize on nostalgia for the entertainment by attempting to recreate the spirit of burlesque in Hollywood films from the 1930s to the 1960s . There has been a resurgence of interest in this format since the 1990s , and it inspired a 2010 musical film , Burlesque , starring Christina Aguilera and Cher .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "291527c3a5f1c9dbd467d67c957d0602", "text": "Theatre of Australia Theatre of Australia refers to the history of the performing arts in Australia , or produced by Australians . There are theatrical and dramatic aspects to a number of Indigenous Australian ceremonies such as the corroboree . During its colonial period , Australian theatrical arts were generally linked to the broader traditions of English literature and to British and Irish theatre . Australian literature and theatrical artists ( including Aboriginal as well as Anglo-Celtic and multicultural migrant Australians ) have over the last two centuries introduced the culture of Australia and the character of a new continent to the world stage . Individuals who have contributed to theatre in Australia and internationally include Sir Robert Helpmann , Dame Joan Sutherland , Barry Humphries , David Williamson , Cate Blanchett , Geoffrey Rush , Judy Davis , Jim Sharman , Tim Minchin and Baz Luhrmann . Notable theatrical institutions include the Sydney Opera House , and the National Institute of Dramatic Art in Sydney .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d9753a9ed04b6a4d91429cab292be0b9", "text": "Jane Scott (theatre manager) Jane M. Scott ( 1779 -- 1839 ) was a British theatre manager , performer , and playwright . With her father , John Scott ( 1752 -- 1838 ) , Jane developed the Sans Pareil Theatre ( later named the Adelphi ) , where they offered music and light shows . They gathered a theatrical company and by 1809 the theatre was licensed for musical entertainments , pantomime , and burletta . Scott wrote more than fifty stage pieces in an array of genres : melodramas , pantomimes , farces , comic operettas , historical dramas , and adaptations , as well as translations . The Sans Pareil was significant in the move towards `` free '' theatre and away from the monopolies that dominated licensed theatre at the time . Jacky Bratton credits Scott 's role in London theatre : `` She had her finger on the pulse of a new world of entertainment for all , and her management of the theatre she created is important for its responsive and intelligent reading of the new audiences and the provision of exciting work for them to enjoy . '' Scott retired in 1819 and married John Davies Middleton ( 1790 -- 1867 ) . She lived in Surrey until her death , in 1839 , aged 59 or 60 , from breast cancer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d32660b3a7de6e8af04d62dbbaa5724e", "text": "Lady Jane Grey Preparing for Execution (painting) Lady Jane Grey Preparing for Execution is an 1835 oil painting by the American artist George Whiting Flagg which established his early fame . This fame was however to dwindle as a consequence of a decline in the role of historical painting in American art . It was originally meant to represent Mary , Queen of Scots , but Flagg decided to change it to Lady Jane Grey in mid-work . In a letter to Lumen Reed on June 16 , 1834 , he said : `` I have changed the name of my picture to Lady Jane Gray . I find that Mary was too old at the time of her exicution to make an interesting picture . '' A heroic Lady Jane , Protestant martyr , clad in royal purple , head held high , is blindfolded for execution by sympathetic executioners . Notably absent are any crucifixes , beads , medallions or other signs of `` popery '' distinguishing the religious life of Catholics from that of Protestants . The painting appears to show her being blindfolded indoors , in reality she was executed outdoors and would probably only have been blindfolded after she was led onto the scaffold .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a55af7a0b94ce496ceb778b2516f112", "text": "9 to 5 (film) 9 to 5 ( styled in the opening credits as Nine to Five ) is a 1980 American comedy film directed by Colin Higgins , written by Higgins and Patricia Resnick . It stars Jane Fonda , Lily Tomlin , Dolly Parton as three working women who live out their fantasies of getting even with , and their overthrow of , the company 's autocratic , `` sexist , egotistical , lying , hypocritical bigot '' boss , played by Dabney Coleman . The film grossed over $ 103.9 million and is the 20th highest-grossing comedy film . As a star vehicle for Parton -- already established as a successful singer and songwriter -- it launched her permanently into mainstream popular culture . Although a television series of the same name based on the film was less successful , a musical version of the film ( also titled 9 to 5 ) , with new songs written by Parton , opened on Broadway on April 30 , 2009 . 9 to 5 is number 74 on the American Film Institute 's `` 100 Funniest Movies '' and has an a 82 % approval rating on review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da9ada30b2b321f2d6b9f59287e6268f", "text": "Ann Marie Lynch Ann Marie Lynch is an American-born producer and reporter residing in Los Angeles . Lynch worked for Traveling Light Media in Burbank , California , producing eight shows for the History Channel , A&E and Discovery Channel . Winning a Silver Telly for `` Secrets of the Black Box : Aloha Flight 243 '' . Lynch worked for IEC in Sports on several of the sports programs as a producer/reporter covering US based athletes . In 2007/2008 she covered US Olympians for a show called The Road to Beijing and produced and reported sports stories for the show Wide World of Sports . In 2005 Ann Marie was the co-producer on a film for The History Channel called The Long March . Lynch created and was executive producer and sole reporter of an online video news site called MMA Today and was asked to be on the first sanctioning body for the sport of Mixed Martial Arts ( MMA ) . MMAToday was a disruptor in the MMA market for online news at the time and garnered 6 million members in under three months . Lynch covered MMA and Boxing for AOL , ESPN Deportes Radio and NBC Sports . While at NBCSports.com Ann Marie Lynch received an Emmy Nomination for her work . Lynch wrote the July 2008 article on Cung Le for Fight Magazine and produced and reported stories on Gil Melendez , Josh Thomson , and Renato `` Babalu '' Sobral which made the homepage of www.nbcsports.com , `` I am a Fighter '' series . Lynch is originally from New York and played field hockey for Providence College , a Division I school in the Big East Division . Lynch advanced to the Olympic `` A '' camp in the US Olympic training system . Lynch began playing varsity sports in 7th grade and was a 2 time national champion in badminton doubles and mixed doubles and was a member of her high school badminton team , which was inducted into the Guinness Book of World Records for being the Most Successful Sports Team winning streak in sports history .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5fe466f636e18227b474b0d6ab8c6dc2", "text": "Gentleman Joe Gentleman Joe , The Hansom Cabbie is a farcical musical comedy with music by Walter Slaughter and a libretto by Basil Hood . The original production of the musical opened at the Prince of Wales 's Theatre on 2 March 1895 and ran for a very successful 391 performances despite a poor notice in The Saturday Review by Bernard Shaw that dismissed the score : `` The music , by Mr. Walter Slaughter , does not contain a single novel , or even passably fresh point , either in melody , harmony or orchestration . '' The show was written as a vehicle for the comedian Arthur Roberts . A short burlesque entitled A Trilby Triflet was introduced as part of Gentleman Joe a week after Looking for Trilby opened at the Haymarket Theatre . The Times newspaper praised Roberts for his imitation of Herbert Beerbohm Tree . The cast of Gentleman Joe also included Kitty Loftus as Emma and W. H. Denny as Pilkington Jones . A second company also presented the show in the British provinces beginning in 1895 . There was soon a Newark , New Jersey production in late 1895 at Miner 's Theatre and then the production transferred to the Fifth Avenue Theatre in New York City in January 1896 . An American production of Gentleman Joe also played at the Bijou Theatre in early 1896 featuring James T. Powers , Clara Wieland , and Flora Irwin . Songs interpolated include `` He Wanted Something to Play With '' ( sung by Powers ) and `` Honey does you love yer man ? '' sung by Flora Irwin in blackface . A few notices of the show indicate that new songs were interpolated with frequency . Gentleman Joe was Hood 's first full-scale musical comedy , and its success prompted him to leave the military to concentrate on his writing . Hood and Slaughter went on to write several more comedies together , including The French Maid in 1896 and another successful vehicle for Roberts , Dandy Dan , the Lifeguardsman in 1897 . Hood wrote several successful shows with other librettists , and his English versions of Viennese operettas , such as The Merry Widow , were very popular until World War I.", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2b948f0e666749fd080aaea5946da614", "text": "The Truth About Jane The Truth About Jane is a Lifetime Original Movie , directed by Lee Rose , that first aired on TV on August 7 , 2000 and stars Stockard Channing , Ellen Muth , Kelly Rowan Jenny O Hara and RuPaul ( credited under RuPaul Charles ) . It 's about a teenage girl named Jane ( Muth ) who struggles not only with her sexuality , but with a mother ( Channing ) who refuses to accept her . The film was nominated for several awards , including Outstanding TV Movie by GLAAD , Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Television Movie or Miniseries ( Channing ) Screen Actors Guild , and Original Long Form by WGA . The film ends with a dedication to Matthew Shepard and to `` all the men & women who love differently '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "130b8c7d67768a7a7e04ed98d6992cae", "text": "List of Jane the Virgin episodes Jane the Virgin is an American comedy-drama television series that premiered on The CW on October 13 , 2014 . The series follows Jane Villanueva , a hard-working , religious young Latina woman whose family tradition and a vow to save her virginity until marriage is shattered when a doctor mistakenly artificially inseminates her during a checkup . To make matters worse , the biological donor is a married man , a former playboy and cancer survivor who is not only the new owner of the hotel where Jane works , but was also her former teenage crush . On October 21 , 2014 , the show was given a full season order . On January 11 , 2015 , the show was renewed for a second season , On March 11 , 2016 , the show was renewed for a third season . On January 8 , 2017 , the show was renewed for a fourth season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "504018dd59ab77bedd87b20d17b7822e", "text": "Jane Shore (disambiguation) Jane Shore ( c. 1445 -- c. 1527 ) was the mistress of Edward IV of England . Jane Shore may also refer to : Jane Shore ( poet ) , American poet and professor of English The Tragedy of Jane Shore , a 1714 play by Nicholas Rowe based on the life of Jane Shore , the mistress of Edward IV Jane Shore ( 1911 film ) Jane Shore ( 1915 film ) , a British silent historical film adapted from the 1714 play The Tragedy of Jane Shore Jane Shore ( 1922 film )", "title": "" } ]	fever
020a70273a43426458b8f1c3e0cc02a2	Princess Agents was based on a video game.	[ { "docid": "14825d432ec089595d590530dffc5439", "text": "Princess Agents Princess Agents ( Chinese : 特工皇妃楚乔传 ) is a 2017 Chinese television series based on the novel 11 Chu Te Gong Huang Fei ( 11处特工皇妃 ) written by Xiao Xiang Dong Er . It stars Zanilia Zhao , Lin Gengxin and Shawn Dou . The series is scheduled to air on Hunan TV starting June 5 , 2017 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "3f6c24ae89f2bcb82390b9b67e1ad503", "text": "List of Final Fantasy media Final Fantasy is a series of role-playing video games developed and published by Square Enix ( formerly Square ) . Its first game premiered in Japan in 1987 , and Final Fantasy games have subsequently been localized for markets in North America , Europe and Australia , on nearly every video game console since its debut on the Nintendo Entertainment System . Final Fantasy is Square Enix 's most successful franchise , having sold over 97 million units worldwide to date . In addition to traditional role-playing games , the series includes tactical role-playing games , portable games , massively multiplayer online role-playing games , and games for mobile phones . Its popularity has placed it as the sixth-best-selling video game franchise , and the series has won multiple awards over the years . In addition to the 15 games released as part of the main ( numbered ) series and their many spin-offs and related titles , the Final Fantasy series has spawned many works in other media including anime , movies , novels and manga , and radio dramas . Final Fantasy : Unlimited , originally a stand-alone anime series , now has its own sub-franchise which includes video games . Many games , particularly the main series , have soundtrack album releases featuring their music in different arrangements . Square Enix has also consistently released companion books for its games which provide additional backstory and plot information , as well as detailed walkthroughs for the game . Since the announcement of Compilation of Final Fantasy VII , Square Enix has focused on `` polymorphic content '' , expanding each game world with material on many video game platforms , as well as other forms of media .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d240c68e872993477d2925da90056511", "text": "Battle royal (gaming) Battle royal ( sometimes spelled as battle royale ) is a video game genre that blends the exploration and scavenging elements of a survival game with last man standing gameplay . The genre had early roots in survival games such as DayZ , in which players struggled alongside or against each other to obtain basic necessities to continue living in a persistent sandbox filled with various dangers . This led to the development of other games that lacked open-endedness in favor of focusing on hostile interactions between players to determine an eventual winner . One such game was the Battle Royale mod for ARMA 2 and 3 , which was inspired by the Japanese media franchise of the same name , and from which the genre also took its moniker . H1Z1 : King of the Kill became a popular standalone game , whose success was later followed by PlayerUnknown 's Battlegrounds .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "712d7ebcc2b6162c2e84fc46c00981cf", "text": "Disney Princess: Enchanted Journey Disney Princess : Enchanted Journey is a video game of the Disney Princess franchise , which was released for the PlayStation 2 , Wii and PC in 2007 . After long time PS2 released on PlayStation Network on February 15 , 2012 in Europe .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "04a05f61236f6c5137a6794d7fb1cdea", "text": "3D Dot Game Heroes is an action role-playing video game developed by Silicon Studio for the PlayStation 3 . The game is presented using 2D retro-style graphics in a voxel-based 3D environment . The game was published in Japan by FromSoftware in November 2009 , and in North America and Europe by Atlus USA and SouthPeak Games in May 2010 , respectively .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "24323e788ba91ff6432f3a9d66e7d4a5", "text": "Keio Flying Squadron (series) is a series of video games developed by Victor Entertainment and released for the Sega/Mega CD , Sega Saturn , and Sony PlayStation consoles . The series consists of three games and one bonus disc , with each game being of different genre . The first is a side-scrolling shoot 'em up , the second a platformer , and finally a party game . Players take on the role of Rami Nana-Hikari , a 14-year-old girl who is the newly appointed Secret Keeper of Treasure , a sphere that unlocks a gold reserve set deep in a mountain . The games refer to Japanese culture , both ancient and modern simultaneously .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ea96a8a50eec8710d680775e3df01bd", "text": "List of Square Enix video game franchises Square Enix is a Japanese video game development and publishing company formed from the merger of video game developer Square and publisher Enix on April 1 , 2003 . The company is best known for its role-playing video game franchises , which include the Final Fantasy series , the Dragon Quest series , and the action role-playing Kingdom Hearts series . Since its inception , the company has developed or published hundreds of titles in various video game franchises on numerous gaming systems . Of its properties , the Final Fantasy franchise is the best-selling , with a total worldwide sales of over 110 million units . The Dragon Quest series has shipped over 66 million units worldwide and is one of the most popular video game series in Japan , while the Kingdom Hearts series has shipped over 22 million copies worldwide . Square Enix has owned Taito , which continues to publish its own video games , since September 2005 , and acquired game publisher Eidos Interactive in April 2009 , which was merged with Square Enix 's European publishing wing and renamed as Square Enix Europe . This list includes franchises in which Square Enix , or its original components Square and Enix , or its subsidiaries , were the primary developer or publisher , even if the series was begun prior to the subsidiary 's acquisition . Franchises are defined as any set of interconnected media consisting of more than one release , and video game franchises are defined as franchises which were initially created as a video game or series of video games . For a list of all individual games developed or published by Square Enix , see the list of Square Enix video games and mobile games . For games released before the merger , see the Square and Enix video games . For games released by Taito , both before and after the acquisition , see the list of Taito games , and for games published by Eidos prior to acquisition see the list of Eidos games .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fa49f3eb2aaa9e6098c2adc17e9a3584", "text": "List of Crystal Dynamics video games Crystal Dynamics is an American video game developer that was founded in 1992 by Judy Lang , Madaline Canepa and Dave Morris . Based in the San Francisco Bay Area , California , Crystal Dynamics was the first licensed developer for Panasonic 's original 3DO console , a gaming hardware platform founded by Kleiner Perkins . Their first release , Crash N Burn , was a launch game for the system and was included as a pack-in game with the console . The 3DO 's launch during the 1993 Christmas season was a commercial failure , severely damaging Crystal Dynamics ' software strategy . In 1994 , the company became a publisher for two new gaming platforms , the PlayStation and the Sega Saturn . The studio was acquired by Eidos Interactive , a British video game publisher , in 1998 . After Square Enix acquired Eidos in 2009 , Crystal Dynamics became a subsidiary of Square Enix . Crystal Dynamics is best known for developing the Legacy of Kain and Gex series . Although the first Legacy of Kain video game was developed by Silicon Knights , Crystal Dynamics gained the rights to the franchise in 1998 and developed four sequels between 1999 and 2003 . In 2003 , the studio took over the development of the best-selling Tomb Raider franchise after its original developer , Core Design , failed to gain critical or commercial success with their later games . Crystal Dynamics ' first Tomb Raider game , Tomb Raider : Legend , became a commercial success with 4.5 million copies sold as of February 2009 . Its sequel , Tomb Raider : Underworld , sold 2.6 million copies and became the first game the studio developed for the PlayStation 3 . Since 2003 , the studio has focused development on the Tomb Raider franchise with the help of other studios such as Buzz Monkey Software and Nixxes Software . Crystal Dynamics has developed five games in the series , encompassing two reboots of the franchise .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "66a98bed67e2ee94262ecdeac842fb9f", "text": "Super Mario Bros.: Peach-Hime Kyushutsu Dai Sakusen! is a 1986 anime film based on the Super Mario Bros. video game . Directed by Masami Hata and produced by Masakatsu Suzuki and Tsunemasa Hatano , the plot centers on Mario and Luigi , who go on a quest to save Princess Peach from Bowser . It is notable for being the first movie based on a video game , predating the live-action Super Mario Bros. movie by seven years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "810f2b72555cb9ce5abc9cd04570751f", "text": "Dynasty Warriors: Godseekers is a tactical role-playing game being developed by Omega Force and published by Tecmo Koei . The game is a spinoff to the Dynasty Warriors series of video games that focuses less on action , and more strategy , similar to prior spinoff Dynasty Tactics . The game will be released on the PlayStation Vita and PlayStation 4 video game consoles in the West , with a PlayStation 3 port existing only in Japan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c3cc54155081e28a54edd6bdd838d430", "text": "Ninja Gaiden II: The Dark Sword of Chaos Ninja Gaiden II : The Dark Sword of Chaos , known in Japan as and as Shadow Warriors II : The Dark Sword of Chaos in Europe ( alternatively known as Shadow Warriors II : Ninja Gaiden II ) , is a side-scrolling platforming video game developed and published by Tecmo for the Nintendo Entertainment System ( NES ) . This is the second installment in the Ninja Gaiden trilogy for the NES and it was released in Japan on , in North America in May 1990 , and in Europe on . The game was later released for the Commodore Amiga and DOS-based PCs by GameTek in 1991 . It was then released for the Virtual Console North America service on for the Wii and on for the Nintendo 3DS . The events in Ninja Gaiden II take place one year after the events in the first Ninja Gaiden game . It is about an evil emperor named Ashtar who , after hearing of Jaquio 's defeat , devises a plan to take over the world and engulf it in darkness through an evil sword called the Dark Sword of Chaos . A U.S. Army agent named Robert T. Sturgeon recruits the game 's protagonist Ryu Hayabusa and tells him that he is the only person who can stop him . The game received positive praise in previews from Electronic Gaming Monthly and Nintendo Power and continued to receive high ratings and coverage , being nominated for several awards from Nintendo Power in 1991 . Overall , reviewers have said that visuals and controls of Ninja Gaiden II improved over its predecessor while maintaining a high level of difficulty for players ; the game was criticized for having a more generic and predictable plot . The game maintains lasting appeal among players , with one reviewer saying that Ninja Gaiden II is `` a challenging experience the likes of which gamers in the 8-bit era lived and died for '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "703ef5204911adbe8637d9673bc39ea1", "text": "Princess Natasha Princess Natasha is a flash cartoon that was developed by Larry Schwarz for AOL Kids . The episodes were released between 2003 and 2006 and total 44 episodes overall , each running between 6 and 12 minutes apiece . The series follows the title character of Natasha , a princess of the fictional country of Zoravia . She must attend school in the United States , but without divulging that she is a princess or a spy . The show has been featured on Cartoon Network , ABC Kids , and included products such as a game adaptation through Nintendo and a line of chapter books . Episodes of Princess Natasha were released on DVD in 2006 and plans were announced to create a line of bedding products featuring the character .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2492491aa92f2d710c9445d26e7d0331", "text": "Wizards & Warriors Wizards & Warriors is a platforming video game developed by Rare for the Nintendo Entertainment System ( NES ) . It was published by Acclaim and released in North America in December 1987 and in Europe on January 7 , 1990 . It was also released in Japan by Jaleco on July 15 , 1988 , under the title . In the game , players control Kuros , the `` Knight Warrior of the Books of Excalibur '' , as he sets out in the Kingdom of Elrond to defeat the evil wizard Malkil , who holds the princess captive in Castle IronSpire , located deep within Elrond 's forests . During the game , players make their way through forests , tunnels , and caves , battling hordes of enemies and collecting treasure , magical items , and additional weaponry to get past the obstacles and hazards that lie in their path . It was Rare 's second game released for the NES , after Slalom . Wizards & Warriors was featured in early video gaming magazines such as Nintendo Fun Club News , Nintendo Power , and VideoGames & Computer Entertainment in 1988 and 1989 . The main characters Kuros and Malkil would make appearances in the animated series The Power Team ( part of the TV video game reviewing show Video Power ) and Captain N : The Game Master . The game would also be novelized for the Worlds of Power series of NES game adaptations , created by Seth Godin . It received general praise for its graphics , sound , difficulty , and arcade-style gameplay . Criticisms include the presence of unlimited continues , which allow players to restart the game right where they previously left off while retaining all items that were collected before . Retro Gamer called Wizards & Warriors `` a unique experience for NES gamers in 1987 , and technically well ahead of other games for the console at the time '' . The game also spawned three sequels : Ironsword : Wizards & Warriors II , Wizards & Warriors III : Kuros : Visions of Power and Wizards & Warriors X : The Fortress of Fear .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a82a7dd5a9f48cf05faa021a86f52745", "text": "Cyber Troopers Virtual-On Marz is an 3D Mecha action-adventure game which was first released on the PlayStation 2 in North America and Japan , with no European release . Marz is designed on the basic gameplay rules of Virtual-On Force , and uses most of the assets from Force , ranging from the stages down to the Virtuaroids . It can be considered a spiritual home console version of the 4-player Force . Marz was not well received , bringing many negative responses from reviewers and players alike . Some stores in North America , expecting poor sales , only sold the game to those who reserved it . The game was re-released on the PlayStation 3 in Japan on March 21 , 2013 to commemorate the game 's tenth anniversary .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c3987a7782c31d574697808a8ae55a4f", "text": "Grandia (video game) Grandia is a role-playing video game , developed by Game Arts and published by ESP Software for the Sega Saturn console as the first game in their Grandia series . Initially released in Japan in 1997 , the game was later ported to the PlayStation in 1999 , with an English version of the game appearing on the platform in North America in the following September by Sony Computer Entertainment , and later in Europe in 2000 by Ubisoft . The game was produced by much of the same staff who worked on the company 's previous role-playing endeavor , the Lunar series , including producer Yoichi Miyagi and music composer Noriyuki Iwadare . Since its release , Grandia has become notable for its combat mechanics which have been carried over to future games within the franchise , and has spawned two spin-off titles - Grandia : Digital Museum and Grandia : Parallel Trippers - both released exclusively in Japan . In celebration of the announcement of renewing development on Grandia Online , which acts as a prequel to Grandia , the game was re-released on Sony 's PlayStation Network platform in Japan as a downloadable title on April 22 , 2009 and in North America on February 25 , 2010 . It was re-released in Europe on November 10 , 2010 . The game is set in a fantasy world of emerging technology and exploration . A young boy named Justin inherits a magic stone that leads him on a journey around the world to uncover the mystery of a long-lost civilization . Along the way , he meets other adventurers who join him on his quest , which draws the attention of the militaristic Garlyle Forces who seek to uncover the secrets of the past as well . Grandia received a largely positive critical response during its original release , and was voted by readers of Japan 's highly circulated Famitsu magazine as the 73rd greatest game of all time in a 2006 poll .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3a1994eccf8962071e7e4448549c7816", "text": "Zeliard is a platform-action RPG video game developed for the NEC PC-8801 and published by Game Arts in 1987 in Japan , and re-published for MS-DOS PCs in 1990 by Sierra Entertainment in Europe and North America . In Zeliard , the player controls the knight Duke Garland , whose task is to save the Kingdom of Zeliard by destroying the evil overlord Jashiin , and recovering the Nine Tears of Esmesanti , magic jewels .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c9598f666c5f7a1250a375d38be87521", "text": "Final Fantasy XIII is a science fiction role-playing video game developed and published by Square Enix for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 consoles and later for the Microsoft Windows operating system . Released in Japan in December 2009 and worldwide in March 2010 , it is the thirteenth title in the mainline Final Fantasy series . The game includes fast-paced combat , a new system for the series for determining which abilities are developed for the characters called `` Crystarium '' , and a customizable `` Paradigm '' system to control which abilities are used by the characters . Final Fantasy XIII includes elements from the previous games in the series , such as summoned monsters , chocobos , and airships . The game takes place in the fictional floating world of Cocoon , whose government , the Sanctum , is ordering a purge of civilians who have supposedly come into contact with Pulse , the much-feared world below . The former soldier Lightning begins her fight against the government in order to save her sister who has been branded as an unwilling servant to a god-like being from Pulse , making her an enemy of Cocoon . Lightning is soon joined by a band of allies , and together the group also become marked by the same Pulse creature . They rally against the Sanctum while trying to discover their assigned task and whether they can avoid being turned into monsters or crystals at the completion . Development began in 2004 , and the game was first announced at Electronic Entertainment Expo ( E3 ) 2006 . Final Fantasy XIII is the flagship title of the Fabula Nova Crystallis collection of Final Fantasy games and is the first game to use Square Enix 's Crystal Tools engine . Final Fantasy XIII received mostly positive reviews from video game publications , which praised the game 's graphics , presentation , and battle system . The game 's story received a mixed response from reviewers , and its linearity compared to previous games in the series was mostly criticized . Selling 1.7 million copies in Japan in 2009 , Final Fantasy XIII became the fastest-selling title in the history of the series . As of January 2013 , the game has sold over 6.6 million copies worldwide . The Microsoft Windows version has sold over 700,000 copies according to SteamSpy . A sequel , titled Final Fantasy XIII-2 , was released in December 2011 in Japan and in February 2012 in North America and PAL regions . A second sequel , titled Lightning Returns : Final Fantasy XIII , which concludes Lightning 's story and the Final Fantasy XIII saga , was released in November 2013 in Japan and in February 2014 in North America and PAL regions . In September 2014 , Square Enix announced the Final Fantasy XIII series has been widely successful and has shipped over 11 million copies worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "37d1061147008c828f1975ed0de70991", "text": "Rule of Rose Rule of Rose is a survival horror video game developed by Punchline for the PlayStation 2 . It was first released in 2006 by Sony Computer Entertainment in Japan . After Sony Computer Entertainment 's American and European branch did not express interest in localizing the title , it was published later that year by Atlus USA in North America and by 505 Games in Europe . Set in England in 1930 , the plot revolves around a nineteen-year-old woman named Jennifer , who becomes trapped in a world ruled by young girls who have established a class hierarchy called the Red Crayon Aristocrats . Development on Rule of Rose began after Punchline was asked by Sony Computer Entertainment to make a horror game . Punchline wanted to develop a `` new type of horror game '' with an emphasis on psychological horror . This decision led to the concept of childhood , specifically the `` mysterious and misunderstood '' nature of young girls . The team drew inspiration from the classic Brothers Grimm fairy tales for the narrative , and the Silent Hill series for graphics and art style . The entire score was produced by studio musicians in order to bring a human element to the game 's atmosphere . Rule of Rose received significant controversy before release due to its use of violence and implied sexuality among some of its underage , female characters . Various European authorities condemned the game and called for its banning . The game was cancelled in the United Kingdom , despite the Video Standards Council calling the complaints `` nonsense . '' Rule of Rose received mixed reviews from many publications ; reactions to the story , music , and horror elements were almost universally positive , while the gameplay was panned . The game has been compared to Silent Hill and Haunting Ground , due to the psychological horror used throughout and because the main character is accompanied by a canine companion .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d0498c8a47de6cf7641a95a51b8f115", "text": "Pokémon (video game series) Pokémon is a series of video games developed by Game Freak and Creatures Inc. and published by Nintendo as part of the Pokémon media franchise . First released in 1996 in Japan for the Game Boy , the main series of role-playing video games ( RPGs ) has continued on each generation of Nintendo 's handhelds . The games are commonly released in pairs -- each with slight variations -- with an enhanced remake of the games usually released a few years after the original versions . While the main series consists of role-playing games , spinoffs encompass other genres , such as action role-playing , puzzle , and digital pet games . , more than 279 million Pokémon games have been sold worldwide , more than 200 million of which from the main series . This makes Pokémon the third best-selling video game franchise , behind Nintendo 's own Mario franchise and the Tetris series of block puzzle games . The franchise 's mascot is Pikachu .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ffc8ce79f10f62c6e3a2c2363f341a9a", "text": "E.X. Troopers , stylized as E.X. Tr ∞ pers , is a third-person shooter video game developed and published by Capcom for Nintendo 3DS and PlayStation 3 . The game was released exclusively in Japan to retail customers on November 22 , 2012 and later on Nintendo eShop and PlayStation Network on January 24 , 2013 . It is a spin-off of the Lost Planet series which Capcom describes as , rather than like prior console instalments or Lost Planet 3 's .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0bafe8b0f525da610a600d3c7ffecc00", "text": "Final Fantasy Adventure Final Fantasy Adventure , originally released in Japan as ( Holy Sword Legend : Final Fantasy Side Story ) , and later released in Europe as Mystic Quest , is a Final Fantasy spinoff and the first game in the Mana series . Published by Square in 1991 on the Game Boy , it saw a North American re-release by Sunsoft in April 1998 . Originally being developed under the name Gemma Knights , features gameplay roughly similar to that of the original The Legend of Zelda , but with the addition of role-playing statistical elements . Along with Final Fantasy Mystic Quest , Final Fantasy Adventure was the first Final Fantasy game to be released in Europe . A remake , Sword of Mana , was released in 2003 changing the plot and many gameplay aspects . A second remake was released on mobile phones in Japan which improved the graphics and music of the original version . A third remake , Adventures of Mana , was released for iOS , Android , and PlayStation Vita on February 4 , 2016 . The story follows the hero and the young heroine as they attempt to thwart the Dark Lord of Glaive and his sorcerer assistant , Julius , from destroying the Tree of Mana and dooming their world . The game was released with many familiar elements of the Final Fantasy series , such as Chocobos , but these were later changed to feature common enemies and the gameplay style of the Mana series . Final Fantasy Adventure was met with generally positive reviews at the time of its release . Over the course of time , reviewers have considered it one of the best action adventure games on the Game Boy . The game also spawned an entirely new game series , called the Mana series , which became a successful video game role-playing franchise .", "title": "" } ]	fever
2979c7655131483fc4f44c622e028a89	Chris Evans was a worker for Piccadilly Radio.	[ { "docid": "dd991db2cbd899d6eae1cdecd1e9b738", "text": "Chris Evans (presenter) Christopher James `` Chris '' Evans ( born 1 April 1966 ) is an English presenter , businessman and producer for radio and television . He started his broadcasting career working for Piccadilly Radio , Manchester , as a teenager , before moving to London as a presenter for the BBC 's Greater London Radio and then Channel 4 television , where The Big Breakfast made him a star . Soon he was able to dictate highly favourable terms , allowing him to broadcast on competing radio and TV stations . Slots like the Radio 1 Breakfast Show and TFI Friday provided a mix of celebrity interviews , music and comic games , delivered in an irreverent style that attracted high ratings , though often also generated significant numbers of complaints . By 2000 he was the UK 's highest paid entertainer , according to the Sunday Times Rich List . In 2005 , he started a new career on BBC Radio 2 , hosting the long-running Drivetime programme , before moving in 2010 to host The Chris Evans Breakfast Show every weekday morning . He previously presented The One Show on Fridays between 2010 and 2015 . In 2015 , he signed a three-year deal to lead a new Top Gear line-up . On 23 June 2015 it was confirmed that TFI Friday would return for its seventh series with eight episodes in December 2015 . Evans confirmed that he would also return to present it . It was then revealed that the BBC Top Gear team told Evans he would have to leave TFI Friday after the upcoming series if he intended to stay with Top Gear . On 4 July 2016 Evans announced that he would be stepping down as presenter of Top Gear . As of 2017 he continues to present the popular BBC Radio 2 Breakfast Show .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "d63eda468a36eb1d38092eeafdce42dd", "text": "Chris Hill (DJ) Chris Hill is a British disc jockey . He worked at the club Lacy Lady in Ilford , as well as at the Goldmine Canvey Island . He was the head of the ` Soul Mafia ' in London and the South East of England into the early 1980s . In 1975 he released a `` break-in '' novelty record , in the style of Dickie Goodman , called `` Renta Santa '' , which became a hit single in the UK during the Christmas season . The record peaked at # 10 on the UK Singles Chart in December of that year . The following year , he released `` Bionic Santa '' , cut in a similar style ; this record also peaked at # 10 in December 1976 . Both tracks , which included snippets of other hits of the time , were released by Philips Records . During the '70s working with Havering council he promoted a series of concerts at the Upminster New Windmill Hall , although a very small venue he attracted acts like Thin Lizzy , Roxy Music and The Pretenders . Roxy Music had just released Virginia Plain and their performance coincided with it climbing the charts . Chris was keen to use local bands as support including Castle farm and After the Fire who went on to become moderately successful in the United States . His final release , `` Disco Santa '' , again in the same style , at Christmas 1978 , failed to chart . Hill remains a DJ and until 2011 ran the Lacy Lady in Ilford . Hill also has a major involvement in the Caister Soul Weekenders with his longtime event collaborator and music promoter Brian Rix . Having completed a second stint back on Canvey 's Goldmine in the early 80 's , Chris decided to quit the club scene in 1985 and concentrate on his Ensign duties with a young Irish singer called Sinead O Connor whom he had recently discovered . In 1987 he was offered a weekend job in Hamburg on Radio 107 and created the enormously successful SoulBeat , which made him a huge celebrity in Germany . When Sineads worldwide hit `` Nothing Compares to U '' happened in 1989 , Chris looked set for a quiet retirement from club life , until fellow DJ Gary Dennis suggested he return to his old Essex roots . Re-opening The Lacy Lady at The Kings , Ilford , they set about rebuilding a scene that had all but collapsed under the attack of rave , house and every other dance craze .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "47eb02b306221bd80b0ac0cb949e5d9d", "text": "Christopher Evans (outlaw) Christopher `` Chris '' Evans ( February 19 , 1847 -- February 9 , 1917 ) , a native of Bells Corners near Ottawa , Canada , was an American farmer and teamster turned outlaw . Evans was accused of robbing the Southern Pacific Railroad in California between 1889 and 1892 . After killing a member of a posse outside his home on the outskirts of Visalia , he fled to the Sierra Nevada mountains with his younger partner , John Sontag . While Evans and Sontag hid out , writers Ambrose Bierce and Joaquin Miller championed their cause in the San Francisco Examiner . The outlaws evaded capture for ten months . They had a shootout with a posse at the Young cabin which resulted in the death of Wilson , the posse leader , and McGinnis , a former friend of Chris Evans . Later , John Sontag was mortally wounded in what is called the Battle of Stone Corral . Evans was himself severely wounded at Stone Corral , having lost an eye and his left arm . He was taken into custody and convicted of murder and sentenced to life in Folsom State Prison in Folsom , California . John Sontag 's younger brother , George Contant , testified against Evans and hence acquired the lifelong hatred of Evans ' family . After Evans served for seventeen years at Folsom , he was paroled in 1911 by Governor Hiram Johnson , a liberal Republican , who had been elected on an anti-Southern Pacific campaign theme . Banished from California , he died in Portland , Oregon , in 1917 , denying to the end that he had ever robbed a train and continuing to assert that he had killed only in self-defense . He also wrote a socialist book which calls for expanded government to check what he viewed as the abuses of the business community . Evans is interred in Portland at Mount Calvary Cemetery . An accomplice to the Evans-Sontag Gang was Ed Morrell , who served fourteen years total in Folsom and San Quentin . Championed by author Jack London , Morrell was pardoned in 1908 and thereafter became a well-known advocate for prison reform . Morris Ankrum and John Smith portrayed Evans and Sontag , respectively , in an episode of the 1955 syndicated television series Stories of the Century , starring and hosted by Jim Davis . Jimmie Dodd of The Mickey Mouse Club appears as a deputy in this episode .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7bb16b5d587d68fec6f33d8a22715133", "text": "Ridge Hill transmitting station The Ridge Hill transmitting station is a broadcasting and telecommunications facility located 8.5 miles SE of Hereford in Herefordshire , and close to the border of Gloucestershire . The station transmits the full complement of digital terrestrial multiplexes and an additional ITV West Multiplex . It includes a cable stayed steel lattice mast which has a height of 164.6 m , which in addition to the altitude of the site gives an aerial height of 363 m above mean sea level . Ridge Hill supplies its signal to 17 relays which allow coverage into `` fringe '' areas not able to receive a good signal from the main transmitter . All 5 analogue programme channels were broadcast plus the full 6 digital MUXES although the multiplexes were scattered across the band requiring a wideband aerial for most consumers . Digital switchover was completed on 20 April 2011 where all multiplexes are now located in the Group A antenna band . In addition to its television output Ridge Hill transmits various radio stations including BBC Hereford and Worcester . The station covers the south west Midlands , including Herefordshire , and parts of Worcestershire . It also covers parts of the South West , specifically northern Gloucestershire . It does not , however , transmit BBC local programmes for Gloucestershire . These are covered by the Mendip transmitter which can not be seen from the Gloucester/Cheltenham area . From 4 December 2006 Ridge Hill broadcast ITV1 West on UHF channel 30 ( rebroadcasting the signal from Mendip ) in addition to the existing ITV1 Central service on channel 25 . This is known as `` Ridge Hill West '' . This followed the restructuring of ITV Regional News and the abolition of the Central South region . As a result , the existing ITV1 Central service now carries news from the West Midlands region , with the new West service being provided for viewers in the south east of the service area in areas such as Gloucester and Cheltenham , which are editorially more closely linked to the west country . This change effectively united ITV coverage for Gloucestershire , as the southern half of the county has always been covered by Mendip and its relays . Since the digital switchover , an extra Digital 3 & 4 multiplex for ITV1 West has been broadcast on UHF 29 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8472b5346daa1ca9f7dcf67bd4731bcf", "text": "City Tower, Manchester City Tower ( formerly Sunley House ) is a 30-storey skyscraper situated in the Piccadilly Gardens area of Manchester , England . It is one of the highest office spaces currently available in Manchester , standing 107 metres ( 351 ft ) tall . City Tower was completed in 1965 , one of three buildings forming the Piccadilly Plaza complex which was constructed by the developers Bernard Sunley & Sons and designed by Covell , Matthews & Partners , 1959-65 . It is currently the fourth tallest building in Manchester . The Tower has retail and leisure units on the ground floor and is Manchester 's main radio transmitting station , which is located on the roof . The developer Bruntwood sold City Tower to the asset management company Schroders for # 132 million in 2014 but kept their headquarters in the building . The Piccadilly Plaza was remodelled by Leslie Jones Architects in 2001-02 . City Tower stands at right angles to Piccadilly and the north-facing wall is covered with designs based on circuit boards . In the remodeling the building to the west of City Tower , Eagle Star House , was replaced by a building whose roofs are a pale echo of the swooping roofs of the original .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0fbaadfc2b1e43f268d984d01c228d75", "text": "The Atkinson People The Atkinson People is a 1979 BBC radio comedy series . The series , which was first broadcast sporadically in 1979 by the BBC 's arts radio station Radio 3 , features a satirical profile of a fictional famous person each week . It is notable as being the first radio or television programme to star comedian and actor Rowan Atkinson . The programme was co-written by Atkinson and Richard Curtis and produced by future Not the Nine O'Clock News co-star Griff Rhys Jones , then a BBC Radio Comedy producer . In most cases , Atkinson played the lead characters , with other voices provided by Hugh Thomas and Peter Wilson . Following the precedent set by The Hitchhiker 's Guide to the Galaxy , the series was also an early adopter of stereophonic sound ; it was recorded in 1978 , and broadcast in 1979 . The series has been repeated on BBC Radio 7 and its successor BBC Radio 4 Extra , and was picked by Armando Iannucci during his stint as `` comedy controller '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9e2c89edcdc6500f5a999c2597bb5536", "text": "Paul Chantler Paul Chantler ( born 12 October 1959 ) is a radio programming consultant based in the United Kingdom . He has been involved in the radio industry for more than 30 years as a journalist , presenter , producer and programmer . He is currently runs his own successful radio programming and consultancy company and works with clients in the UK , Ireland , Europe and India . While senior partner at United Radio in London , he worked with companies including GMG Radio , Absolute Radio , Emap Radio , UTV Radio , Premier Christian Radio and the RadioCentre in the UK , Communicorp in Ireland and Europe , and Radio City in India . He has also worked for Macquarie in Australia and Emmis in the United States . Major assignments have included working for GMG Radio on their Smooth Radio brand as well as work on projects with radio groups in India . He founded a startup company in 2011 called Radio Ideas Bank which helps radio sales people find contest and promotional ideas to sell to their clients . It has registered users and subscribers in more than 30 countries . Chantler is co-author with Peter Stewart of the textbook Essential Radio Journalism published in June 2009 by A&C Black . The Foreword is written by Jon Snow of Channel 4 News who started his career in radio . The book started life in 1992 as Local Radio Journalism , co-authored by Sim Harris . Its successor Basic Radio Journalism , was published by Focal Press ( a division of Elsevier ) in 2002 . It became a best-seller and was translated into Spanish , Italian , Portuguese and Russian . Chantler is an acknowledged expert in media law and compliance and has co-written two books about media law with Paul Hollins . The first , Hang The DJ ? ( A radio presenter 's guide to the law ) was published in 2011 . The second called Twibel ( A guide to libel and contempt for Tweeters , Facebookers and Bloggers ) was published in 2012 . He is co-founder and a shareholder in Fix Radio , a London DAB radio station aimed at tradespeople and builders , due to go on air in April 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4673c6e36eadff3dc0118b1e9f327043", "text": "Top Gear (series 23) The twenty-third series of Top Gear was aired during 2016 on BBC Two and consisted of six episodes , beginning on 29 May and concluding on 3 July ; it was planned to feature ten episodes , but this was revised following concerns the series would conflict with the two major sporting events of Summer 2016 , despite the fact it was broadcast alongside UEFA Euro 2016 tournament . Following the departure of Jeremy Clarkson , Richard Hammond and James May , this series featured a new hosting line-up that consisted of Chris Evans , Matt LeBlanc , Sabine Schmitz , Chris Harris , Rory Reid and Eddie Jordan ; regular unnamed driver The Stig was the only part of the former line-up not to leave . While the format received only minor changes , the studio at Dunsfold was redesigned and the Top Gear Test Track received a brand new rallycross circuit to co-exist alongside it , complete with a brand new car for celebrities -- a Mini Rallycross Car , which replaced the Vauxhall Astra Tech Line . A brand new spin-off show was also created , entitled Extra Gear , which was broadcast on online channel BBC Three , and had the same number of episodes with each airing immediately after each episode of Series 23 . The series received a high amount of negative feedback before and during its broadcast ; while some was positive , the main criticisms were aimed towards presenter Chris Evans and the number of minor changes that had been made to the show . Viewing figures for the series were also not favourable after the first episode , with the final episode drawing in the lowest overnight viewing figures ever in the show 's history . A day after the finale was broadcast , Evans announced his resignation from the show on 4 July 2016 , feeling he had done his best but that it had not been good enough for viewers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d8bdb250ed519202f99070a828f92e14", "text": "Chuck Evans (basketball) Charles `` Chuck '' Lee Evans ( born December 12 , 1971 ) is a retired American professional basketball player , and former coach of British team Worcester Wolves . Evans was born in Atlanta , Georgia . A 1.80 m tall point guard , he led the 1994-95 Euroleague in assists with 6.2 per game . At the time he was playing for Russian club CSKA Moscow . Later he played in Germany with the Bayer Giants Leverkusen and Alba Berlin . In 2007 , he signed for British Basketball League side Worcester Wolves , joining the club at the same time as fellow Americans James Life and Anthony Paez . As starting point guard that year , he recorded two triple doubles , in back-to-back home games , and was widely thought of as the best creative point guard in the BBL and received an honourable mention for Player of the Month in March 2008 . At the end of the season , he moved to rival BBL side Everton Tigers , for whom he played for one season before returning to coach Worcester Wolves . He is also writing a regular column for the local newspaper , the Worcester Evening News .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ac825321e62d227dbd8faa54eaa6202", "text": "At Christmas (song) `` At Christmas '' is a song by Australian recording artist Kylie Minogue , from the 2016 Snow Queen Edition of her thirteenth studio album , Kylie Christmas ( 2015 ) . The song was released on 22 November 2016 by Parlophone . It serves as the lead single from the reissue , and premiered on The Chris Evans Breakfast Show on BBC Radio 2 . The song became BBC Radio 2 's Record of the Week .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d3ae3118e5dfaea374c47d2f81413182", "text": "Chris Page Chris Page is a radio presenter , currently with Triple M Sydney . Page originally worked for NXFM announcer and then moved to SAFM . On 6 December 2009 Page moved to Sydney 's 2DayFM , following the top rated Kyle and Jackie O breakfast program . Page has filled in for the duo . Page hosted the national chart show Hot30 Countdown across the Austereo Network . He and co-host Charli Delaney debuted on 15 March 2010 after successfully filling in for the regular hosts as well as a temporary nighttime show on both the FOX and 2dayFM from August to November 2009 . This led them to host a new Saturday night program entitled Party People , which began broadcasting in December 2009 and was heard nationally . In 2011 , Chris joined Triple M Sydney 's Grill Team .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7c0c075bc90aa5edd495531124a950f5", "text": "Youthcomm Radio 106.7 Youthcomm Radio is a youth community radio station , licensed by Ofcom , broadcasting to Worcester , England , on 106.7 FM . The station officially launched on FM on Sunday 13 January 2008 after running online for seven years . Youthcomm was established in 1996 and is operated ` by Young People for Young People ' . Young people are integral in delivering , running and developing the station . Youthcomm broadcasts from studios in St Johns in Worcester . Youthcomm run and participate in local events such as the annual `` Minifest '' festival . Youthcomm Radio shows include the breakfast show ` Liam Cash In The Morning ' every weekday , whilst the station trains and gives airtime to young people in the Worcester area with their evening output . The tagline for Youthcomm is ` Worcester 's More Music Station ' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "91ec5c2bd8324bf5d022032e93d051bb", "text": "Pete Drummond Pete Drummond ( born 29 July 1943 ) is a British voice artist and former BBC and pirate radio disc jockey and announcer . He was born in Bangor , Wales , and as a child lived in Australia and France , before attending Millfield School alongside later BBC Radio 1 colleague Tony Blackburn . He trained as an actor and toured the US , where he realised that , following the `` British Invasion '' , English accents were in demand on radio stations . He worked as an announcer in Wichita and Topeka , Kansas , before returning to Britain in 1966 . He then joined the staff of pirate station Radio London , where he had his own shows during the station 's final months on air . He joined Radio 1 from its start in September 1967 , and , as someone who was seen as both avant garde and reliable , was used as one of the early presenters of Top Gear , along with John Peel who later took over the programme . Drummond continued presenting radio and occasionally TV programmes for the BBC until the early 1990s , often featuring progressive rock music on programmes such as Disco 2 , Sounds of the Seventies and Sight and Sound In Concert . He also worked for the BBC World Service and Radio Luxembourg . After leaving the BBC , he became a leading voice-over performer in Britain , his voice often appearing in advertisements and film trailers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1d974fda848a963f017c3766fd1af713", "text": "The Chris Morris Music Show The Chris Morris Music Show was a radio show presented by satirist Chris Morris and broadcast on BBC Radio 1 between June and December 1994 . The show sparked controversy on several occasions , most notably when Chris Morris falsely announced the death of politician Michael Heseltine , which resulted in a two-week suspension of the show .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e3094a2a838b519192f21c3c0157c5ca", "text": "BCFM BCFM or Bristol Community FM is a community radio station broadcasting to the City of Bristol in the United Kingdom on 93.2 FM . BCfm started broadcasting on 26 March 2007 . This followed many years of community development and radio projects in Bristol , such as radio19 ( the New Deal for Communities ) , Commonwealth fm and B200fm ( Celebration of Brunel 's life ) . During the summer period of 2009 , BCFM used funding provided by the Youth Opportunities Fund to build a brand new studio to cater for the growing number of presenters working at the station . Studio 2 , also known as `` Blue Studio '' was built next to the current Studio 1 and allows live presenting from either studio with both having the ability to pre-record shows . BCfm broadcasts in nine different languages and aims to represent the whole of Bristol and Bristol life . A significant amount of local music is played . broadcasts are webcast and a number of podcasts are available on the website . Broadcasts to the local Somali , Polish and Spanish speaking communities amongst others also feature . In addition , BCfm programming is carried by BBC Radio Bristol overnight at weekends .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "edfb557ef965c31396571d3c467c1055", "text": "Kevin Mitchell (musician) Kevin Edward Mitchell , also known by the stage name of Bob Evans ( born 1 October 1977 ) , is an Australian singer-songwriter ; Mitchell uses the moniker for his primary solo project . He is also the founding lead vocalist and rhythm guitarist of the alternative rock band Jebediah , which was formed in 1994 and features his older brother Brett Mitchell , who joined on drums before the group 's first performance . Jebediah released five studio albums between 1997 and 2011 , the first three of which entered the top ten on the ARIA Albums Chart . Mitchell commenced performing as a folk pop artist under the name `` Bob Evans '' in 1999 to showcase `` quieter '' songs that were influenced by music that was different from the primary sound of Jebediah , and he deliberately chose a stage name that would distinguish him from his band . His most successful solo album Suburban Songbook , which was released on 10 June 2006 , peaked at No. 15 , and his next two solo albums Goodnight , Bull Creek ! ( 3 April 2009 ) and Familiar Stranger ( 15 March 2013 ) reached the top 40 . As of December 2016 , Mitchell has released five Bob Evans studio albums , and he launched the Good Evans , It 's A Bobcast ! podcast in May 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bd76c558a53e85d5073b1f1e42b30b85", "text": "Kerrang Radio Kerrang ! Radio or Kerrang ! 105.2 is a specialist rock music radio station currently broadcasting to London on DAB and across the United Kingdom on Freeview and various online platforms . It is owned and operated by Bauer Radio and forms part of Bauer 's National portfolio of radio brands .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ba836eb70d6c9e86c3db34f417aa5bd4", "text": "Chris Kelly (TV presenter) Christopher Paul Kelly ( born 24 April 1940 ) is an English TV presenter , producer and writer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d5db23403983ff3e10b4faeee51720c4", "text": "Neil Evans (presenter) Neil Evans was an Australian football ( soccer ) commentator appearing on the Australian Fox Sports network . Evans in particular used to host the program Total Football , with Robbie Slater which focuses on Australian Soccer including the Socceroos and the A-League . Evans no longer presented for FOX Sports once Simon Hill was brought over from SBS Australia . Hill is now the regular Total Football presenter and has also taken over Evans ' role as a match day commentator for the A-League . Evans was media chief for Centrebet , an Australian bookmaker , and is also a popular after-dinner speaker . Neil 's nickname is `` Wood Duck '' . He has also managed to become a ` political analyst ' in the eyes of the Sydney Morning Herald .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c8336d9bf722b5268a1e362193b0ed05", "text": "Arthur Evans (politician) Henry Arthur Evans ( 24 September 1898 -- 25 September 1958 ) , known as Arthur Evans , was a UK politician . He contested the London County Council election , 1922 as a Progressive candidate for Lewisham West but was unsuccessful . He was National Liberal Party Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Leicester East from 1922 to 1923 and Conservative MP for Cardiff South from 1924 to 1929 , and from 1931 to 1945 . At the 1945 general election he was defeated by the future Labour Prime Minister James Callaghan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9984fdd4a7ea97ee87e7959e2c6fa701", "text": "Jamillah Knowles Jamillah Knowles , who also works under the name Jemimah Knight , is a journalist , writer and broadcaster , best known as the producer and presenter of BBC Radio 5 Live 's Outriders . Outriders 2014-04-29 was called `` The Final Edition '' and included discussion with some of the contributors over the past 9 years . On iTunes , the notes say `` Look for the next incarnation online '' and Jamillah announced `` Transmission Signal '' as the name of the new podcast . Jamillah 's journalistic career started in 1993 when she trained as a photographer , sub-editor and feature writer working with Trinity Mirror . She joined the BBC as a producer in 2001 . At the BBC she has reported on global matters for The World Today , Outlook and Radio 5 Live programmes . She has frequently written for BBC News online and has worked in the main UK Newsroom , on user-generated content and social media accounts . Outriders , formerly known as Pods and Blogs , covers news and views of the people involved at the frontiers of technology and the web . The show also champions the progress of hackers and makers throughout the world . Notable celebrity guests have included Kevin Mitnick , Kevin Kelly , Tim Berners Lee and William Gibson . Since taking on the show , Knowles has presented Outriders from the UK , Nepal , India and the United States . In March 2012 , Jamillah left her news gathering position with the BBC and took up the post of UK Editor with The Next Web , one of the largest publications delivering an international perspective on the latest news about Internet technology , business and culture . From July 2011 - August 2012 she hosted and produced podcasts for Global Voices Online , which brings together reports from citizen journalists and bloggers everywhere . She hails from Victoria , Australia and currently lives in London , UK . She has a coveted Blue Peter badge for being part of a record-breaking group Hula hoop dance .", "title": "" } ]	fever
86678bce11a6ff86763239766a2d5f16	Tamera Mowry has a sister.	[ { "docid": "275bb73442fbd26124fb18e97069b9da", "text": "Tamera Mowry Tamera Darvette Mowry-Housley ( -LSB- tə 'm ɛrə _ 'm ɔːri -RSB- born July 6 , 1978 ) is an American actress and model . She first gained fame for her teen role as Tamera Campbell on the ABC/WB sitcom Sister , Sister ( opposite her identical twin sister Tia Mowry ) . She has also starred in the Disney Channel Original Movie Twitches and its sequel , Twitches Too , and she played Dr. Kayla Thornton on the medical drama Strong Medicine . A reality TV show following her and her twin sister 's lives , Tia & Tamera , began airing on the Style Network in 2011 , ending in 2013 after three seasons . Currently , she is one of the hosts of The Real talk show along with former fellow Disney Channel star Adrienne Bailon , Jeannie Mai , and Loni Love , which premiered on July 15 , 2013 . She and her identical twin sister Tia Mowry were in a singing group in the early 1990s called Voices . The group debuted their first single , `` Yeah , Yeah , Yeah ! '' in 1992 and charted No. 72 on the Billboard Hot 100 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "78a1dc87d73c93988beef8d3842d4f33", "text": "Sister Street Fighter is a spin-off of The Street Fighter ( 1974 ) . The plot revolves around Lǐ Hóng-Lóng ( 李紅竜 Li Kōryū ) , the female martial artist of the title . When her brother Lǐ Wàn-Qīng is kidnapped by drug lords , she seeks revenge . The drug lord 's colorful collection of `` killers '' includes a toga-clad group of Thai Boxers called the `` Amazons Seven '' , along with representatives of almost every martial art . Hóng-Lóng breaks into the drug lord 's compound with the help of Seiichi Hibiki ( Sonny Chiba ) and other members of the Shorinji Kempo dojo . After all of his minions are defeated , the drug lord himself battles Hóng-Lóng , wearing a steel claw in imitation of Han , the villain from Enter the Dragon ( 1973 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1cd289bae25f4cc98150ef7b5226ac7f", "text": "Yvonne Severn Yvonne Severn ( Johannesburg , 11 April 1927Thousand Oaks , 22 November 2006 ) was an American child screen actress . Born Yvonne Diana Severn , known as `` Vonnie '' , she was the second daughter of Dr. Clifford Brill Severn ( 1890-1981 ) and his South African wife Rachel Malherbe ( 1897-1984 ) . Her parents later emigrated from South Africa to Los Angeles . She had seven siblings who were all child actors : Venetia Severn , Clifford Severn , Raymond Severn , Ernest Severn , Christopher Severn , William Severn and Winston Severn . She married Roy Haskell Shelley ( 1922-1999 ) . Yvonne Severn is most known for her film appearances in The Amazing Mrs. Holliday ( 1943 ) and , as a princess , with her sister Venetia in Tower of London ( 1939 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a8fb3af2b5f33141a93ef0d6a2a1f2c1", "text": "Jillian Parry Fry Jillian Parry ( born January 31 , 1982 ) is a former Miss Teen USA , having held the title for the year 2000 , representing her home town of Newtown and state of Pennsylvania . She was the first titleholder from Pennsylvania to win the national competition . Parry entered the Miss Pennsylvania Teen USA pageant on a whim , after a postcard was dropped in her mail , and won on her first attempt . Parry represented her state at the Miss Teen USA pageant televised live from Shreveport , Louisiana on August 26 , 2000 . Jillian won the pageant and was crowned Miss Teen USA 2000 based on her answer to the final interview question , and she came in first place in the evening gown competition . She came in second behind Nicole O'Brian of Texas in the swimsuit competition . She was crowned by Ashley Coleman of Delaware , Miss Teen USA 1999 . As Miss Teen USA , Parry represented the Miss Universe Organization . Her `` sister '' 2000 titleholders were Lynnette Cole ( Miss USA , from Tennessee ) and Lara Dutta ( Miss Universe , of India ) . She passed her title on to her successor , Marissa Whitley of Missouri , on August 22 , 2001 . She completed her Ph.D. in Public Health with a focus on Health Policy at the Johns Hopkins University in 2012 following a Master 's in Public Health from the University of New Mexico in 2007 and a B.S. in Biobehavioral Health from Penn State University in 2004 . In June , 2006 , Jillian married Dr. Roderick Fry , a physical chemist from Kendall , NY . They were married in Langhorne , PA , in a simple Quaker ceremony . Jillian Parry has been a vegan since 2002 , and she is an active public health scientist in the field of environmental health policy . She currently resides in Baltimore , MD. .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "281cd7f2f9eae2c6c51b0a714eff9c2f", "text": "Aida Turturro Aida Turturro ( Ah-ee-da Toor-toor-ro ; born September 25 , 1962 ) is an American actress best known for playing Janice Soprano , sister of New Jersey mob boss Tony Soprano , on the HBO TV series The Sopranos ( 1999 -- 2007 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6107c99c7805b53d6dd2b0d837f6b382", "text": "Robin Young Robin Cardwell Young ( born Youngs ) is an American television and radio personality . Young was born in Long Island , New York , attended Ithaca College in Ithaca , New York , and has lived and worked in Manhattan , Washington , DC , Los Angeles and Boston . She has been a Boston-based radio and television host since the late 1970s , when she hosted Evening Magazine for WBZ-TV . She is the sister of John Savage . She began in television as a secretary at Channel 38 in Boston in 1973 . In 1975 , she went on air as a radio announcer at WBZ ( Boston ) . She made her first television appearance on WBZ-TV 's Evening Magazine in 1977 . From 1982 to 1983 , Young was lead presenter , along with Tom Ellis , for the revamped evening newscasts on WNEV-TV ( now WHDH ) Channel 7 . After one year , she switched her role at the station and began hosting and producing a number of primetime specials under her own production company , Young Visions . She currently co-hosts National Public Radio 's daily news magazine Here and Now along with Jeremy Hobson . The show normally consists of five interview segments with reporters , politicians , artists , authors and experts on a given subject . It is broadcast from noon to 2 pm on WBUR and is distributed by NPR . In July 2013 , Here and Now expanded to two hours . The show is produced at WBUR in Boston . Young has received several Emmy Awards for her television work as well as cable 's Ace award , the Religious Public Relations Council 's Wilbur Award and the National Conference of Christians and Jews Gold Award . She has also received radio 's regional Edward R. Murrow award . Her documentary , The Los Altos Story , made in association with the Rotary Club of Los Altos , California , won the prestigious George Foster Peabody Award and is now the backbone of a worldwide HIV/AIDS awareness initiative . As an independent documentary filmmaker , she produced and directed the opening film for Marion Wright Edelman 's White House Conference on Children and followed the rise of the then unknown filmmaker John Singleton in the film Straight From the Hood .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d3c2cd25ad8234c405e0026a91c3a66", "text": "Teresa Kearney Teresa Kearney ( Mother Kevin ) ( 1875-1957 ) was a teacher , Franciscan Sister , and missionary . She was born in Knockenrahan , Arklow , Ireland on April 28 , 1875 . At the age of 17 , she became a Junior Assistant Mistress and taught at a school in Essex , England . On December 2 , 1902 , she left to begin missionary work in Nsambya , Uganda . She worked as a Franciscan Sister of Saint Mary 's Abbey , Mill Hill , London . In 1952 Kearney founded the Franciscan Missionary Sisters for Africa . Kearney 's work in East Africa resulted in the formation of multiple hospitals and training of nurses throughout the region . Her name serves as the root of the word Kevina , meaning `` hospital '' or `` charity institute '' in Uganda .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e8c95a6547b77ac3407394b257a506bf", "text": "10 Years Younger (U.S. TV series) 10 Years Younger ( also abbreviated as 10YY ) is an American reality series that aired on TLC . It takes individuals and transform them to look more `` glamorous '' , or ` ten years younger ' , hence the name of the show . As of February 2011 , the Oprah Winfrey Network have been airing reruns of the show .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8a04aecd7b447d4b01f5a2bdda382605", "text": "Tania Kernaghan Tania Maree Kernaghan ( born 18 July 1968 in Albury , New South Wales ) is an Australian country music singer . She is the sister of Lee Kernaghan and daughter of Ray Kernaghan . During her career , Tania has amassed fifteen number one radio hits singles , numerous awards , sell out concerts and record sales in the hundreds of thousands . She has also performed at the renowned Grand Old Opry in Nashville Tania is Patron for Angel Flight and Riding For The Disabled Association Australia ( RDA ) She 's currently married to record producer and sound engineer , Daniel Kresco .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "02f55826ac82d80f44350d0b8bdaa359", "text": "Michelle Carney Michelle Carney ( born 30 December 1981 ) is an Australian association football player currently playing for Australian W-League team Western Sydney Wanderers . Carney signed with Western Sydney Wanderers following a three-season hiatus . She is the older sister of Socceroo player David Carney .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6c4d77076dade429e7aa3e26fc3b862d", "text": "A Resurrection (film) A Resurrection ( also titled The Sibling ) is an American horror-thriller film written and directed by Matt Orlando . The film stars Mischa Barton , Michael Clarke Duncan and Devon Sawa . On 12 November 2012 a trailer was released . The film premiered in Sherman Oaks , Los Angeles on 19 March 2013 . This was followed by a limited theatrical release in the United States on 22 March 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e8418484cc557ad3cab72f5308ec6517", "text": "June and Jennifer Gibbons June and Jennifer Gibbons ( born 11 April 1963 ; Jennifer died March 1993 ) were identical twins who grew up in Wales . They became known as `` The Silent Twins '' since they only communicated with each other . They began writing works of fiction but turned to crime when they started experiencing criminality tendencies . Both women were admitted to Broadmoor Hospital where they were held for 14 years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5ca603193561fa35b789255bb32d373c", "text": "The Wrigley Sisters Jennifer and Hazel Wrigley are an international folk music duo playing fiddle ( Jennifer ) and guitar/piano ( Hazel ) . Born in the Orkney Islands of Scotland , they started to play when given instruments on their 8th birthday and joined the Strathspey and Reel Society in their early years . In their early teens they were playing , often with Emma their older sister , at local concerts and ceilidhs around Orkney where they were spotted by Orkney 's only recording studio who launched them into Dancing Fingers their first album . The success of this album moved them into the UK folk circuit but this proved arduous ( Cornwall to Middlesbrough in back-to-back gigs ) and eventually they moved to Edinburgh after launching their second album The Watch Stone . Playing at London 's Barbican Centre in 1995 , they were spotted by a New Zealand music scout who invited them to play at the Auckland Folk Festival which prompted the twins to organise a `` world tour '' . At about that time Jennifer won the UK 's premier accolade for new folk talent ( BBC Young Tradition Award ) which helped boost the tour and their international reputation . Working without a manager , they organised a second world tour in 1999 and issued a third album Huldreland ( in the Folk Roots top ten of 1998 ) . Four transatlantic trips in 1999 cemented their place on the international folk scene . In 2001 they issued an album `` Skyran . '' In 2005 they returned to Orkney and acquired premises in Kirkwall where they launched The Reel a music/social centre offering an instrument/music shop , lessons to aspiring musicians ... and a coffee shop where ` sessions ' can often be heard .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c3137342c4eb8f6a740bcadec8f10d18", "text": "Sister (band) Sister was an American heavy metal band , formed in 1976 in Los Angeles . Former members included Blackie Lawless , formerly of the New York Dolls and later of W.A.S.P. , and Nikki Sixx , who would later co-create Mötley Crüe . They are notable for being one of the first bands to make usage of the pentagram and other occult symbols . Due to the late 1970s music scene , and personal differences , they never achieved success and broke up sometime in 1978 . Sixx and guitarist Lizzie Grey later formed the band London .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea954a7a8b136972edff8df65409cfc6", "text": "Sister MAYO , better known by her stagename Sister MAYO , is a Japanese singer . She is a member of the Columbia Music Entertainment duo Cyber Nation Network , and a vocalist in Project.R which performs many theme songs for the Super Sentai series , some have reached the top ten in Oricon 's charts . Her best-known songs as a soloist have been the opening theme of Haré + Guu and the ending theme of Mahou Sentai Magiranger . She is the younger sister of heavy metal musician Taiji , with whom she was in the rock band Otokaze .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fb9394a7eec587b91a4faacd1ed674c3", "text": "Sister group A sister group or sister taxon is a phylogenetic term denoting the closest relatives of another given unit in an evolutionary tree . The expression is most easily illustrated by a cladogram : A , B , and C each represent a taxon : The sister group to A is B ; conversely , the sister group to B is A. Groups A and B , together with all other descendants of their most recent common ancestor , form the clade AB . The sister group to clade AB is C. The whole clade ABC is itself a subtree of a larger tree , which offers yet more sister group branches that are related but farther removed from the leaf nodes , such as A , B , and C. In cladistic standards , A , B , and C may represent specimens , species , taxon-groups , etc. . If they represent species , the term sister species is sometimes used . The term `` sister group '' is used in phylogenetic analysis , and only groups identified in the analysis are labeled as sister groups . An example is in birds , whose sister group is commonly cited as the crocodiles , but that is true only when dealing with extant taxa . The bird family tree is rooted in the dinosaurs , making for a number of extinct groups branching off before coming to the last common ancestor of birds and crocodiles . Thus , the term sister group must be seen as a relative term , with the caveat that the sister group is the closest relative only among the groups/species/specimens that are included in the analysis .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "37d4ede7e67ddee6d40baa4e18f89fb9", "text": "Summer Phoenix Summer Joy Phoenix ( born Summer Joy Bottom ; December 10 , 1978 ) is an American actress , model and designer . She is the youngest sibling of actors/actresses Rain Phoenix , Joaquin Phoenix , Liberty Phoenix , and River Phoenix .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea52c21d446c6637bb1cb691f6841196", "text": "Emily Seale-Jones Emily Charlotte Leonora Seale-Jones ( born 16 December 1988 ) is a British film actress . Daughter of Trevor Jones , Seale-Jones grew up as the youngest of four siblings ; she and her two brothers , like their father , work in the film industry .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b46e15d8a81c469c05b83a000e754ea8", "text": "Maude Robinson Maude Robinson ( 1859 -- 1950 ) was a Quaker writer of short stories and a memoir about growing up on a South Downs farm at Saddlescombe in the 1860s . She was the younger sister of the paediatrician Louis Robinson .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f115b85691dba5190c2ccb6ddd60b02b", "text": "Jasmine Curtis-Smith Jasmine Casandra Ojales Curtis-Smith ( born 6 April 1994 ) is a Filipino Australian actress , dancer , endorser , writer , and TV host . Curtis is the younger sister of fellow actress and ABS-CBN contract artist Anne Curtis .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7a34ab18711e0982f8a810a90729112d", "text": "Mistaken Identity: Two Families, One Survivor, Unwavering Hope Mistaken Identity : Two Families , One Survivor , Unwavering Hope is a best-selling non-fiction book describing an incident in which the identities of two young female casualties were confused after a vehicle crash . It was published by Howard Books on March 25 , 2008 . The book lists its authors as Don and Susie van Ryn ; Newell , Colleen and Whitney Cerak ; and Mark Tabb ; the former the parents of Laura van Ryn ( the woman believed to have survived the crash but actually deceased ) and the latter the parents of Whitney Cerak , initially declared deceased in the crash but later found to have survived . Mark Tabb is a former pastor whom The New York Times described as `` the go-to guy when a collaborator is needed on books with spiritual themes . '' Both the identity mix-up and the book 's release received worldwide media attention : was the subject of a two-hour episode of Dateline NBC , a program of The Oprah Winfrey Show , and a segment featured on The Today Show . The book was ranked 1st place for two weeks on the adult non-fiction New York Times Best Seller list in 2008 . The incident prompted the states of Michigan and Indiana to pursue legislation concerning stricter guidelines in the process of identification of bodies by coroners . On April 26 , 2006 , a Taylor University van carrying nine students and staff members collided with a tractor-trailer being driven by Robert F. Spencer on Interstate 69 in Indiana . Five people riding in the van died at the crash scene : Elizabeth Smith , Laurel Erb , Bradley Larson , and Monica Felver , and a young blonde woman the coroner identified as Whitney Cerak . A similar looking woman who survived but was unable to communicate was identified as Laura van Ryn . For several weeks , the van Ryn family kept a bedside vigil over the patient they believed to be their daughter . However , into five weeks of hospitalization the identity of the surviving woman began to be questioned . She was found to be Whitney Cerak , not Laura van Ryn . Some physical similarities existed between the two women but the severity of the injuries , which included severe head trauma and the immediate inability to communicate led local government officials to mis-identify the casualties , the hospital to carry through with the unfortunate action and caused both families to respond in a manner appropriate to the situation of each casualty : Cerak was taken care of by the van Ryn family in the belief that she was their daughter . Meanwhile , Laura was interred in a marked grave at a funeral with 1400 people in attendance . Five weeks passed before incidents arose that caused suspicion about identity : she made comments about things and people that were inconsistent with facts pertaining to Laura ; and a university roommate also reported some physical discrepancies . `` Laura '' confirmed that it was ` Whitney Cerak ' that had survived when asked by hospital staff to write down the patient 's name , which was then confirmed by dental records . The tragic mix-up appeared to have been caused by the similarities of appearance of Cerak and van Ryn , and the confusion at the crash scene . Neither family spoke publicly about the incident for nearly two years . During the Dateline interview , it was noted that the van Ryn family suspected for several days something was amiss with the patient before the concerns were shared with the hospital staff : the van Ryn family noticed the patient 's teeth ; navel piercing ( which van Ryn did not have ) ; the patient called herself Whitney ( not Laura ) when she emerged from the coma ; the patient accused `` her '' parents of being `` false parents '' ; and the patient told `` her '' sister their parent 's names were Newell and Colleen . The van Ryns said that their duplicity in sustaining the misidentification for a month was reinforced by reassurance by the hospital staff of the patient 's identity and the distress of the situation .", "title": "" } ]	fever
cc9a3a1d56f32c1bc35fcea88e7fd1c6	Demi Moore was on an American daytime television medical drama.	[ { "docid": "10a355e3dc5c7db56eed8d1557c545f6", "text": "General Hospital General Hospital ( commonly abbreviated GH ) is an American daytime television medical drama . It is listed in Guinness World Records as the longest-running American soap opera in production and the third longest-running drama in television in American history after Guiding Light and As the World Turns . Concurrently , it is the world 's third longest-running scripted drama series in production after British serials The Archers and Coronation Street , as well as the world 's second-longest-running televised soap opera still in production . General Hospital premiered on the ABC television network on April 1 , 1963 . Same-day broadcasts as well as classic episodes were aired on SOAPnet from January 20 , 2000 , to December 31 , 2013 , following Disney-ABC 's decision to discontinue the network . General Hospital is the longest-running serial produced in Hollywood , and the longest-running entertainment program in ABC television history . It holds the record for most Daytime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Drama Series , with 13 wins . The show was created by husband-and-wife soap writers Frank and Doris Hursley , who originally set it in a general hospital ( hence the title ) , in an unnamed fictional city . In the 1970s , the city was named Port Charles , New York . From its beginning , General Hospital starred John Beradino and Emily McLaughlin , and both actors stayed with the show until their deaths in 1996 and 1991 respectively . They were joined a year later by Rachel Ames who remains to date the longest serving actress on an ABC soap opera , having been continuously on the show from 1964 to 2007 . General Hospital was the second soap to air on ABC ( after the short-lived Road to Reality , which aired for several months during the 1960 -- 61 season ) . In 1964 , a sister soap was created for General Hospital , The Young Marrieds ; it ran for two years , and was canceled because of low ratings . General Hospital also spawned a primetime spinoff with the same name in the United Kingdom from 1972 to 1979 , as well as the daytime series Port Charles ( 1997 -- 2003 ) and the primetime spin-off General Hospital : Night Shift ( 2007 -- 2008 ) in the United States . Taped at The Prospect Studios , General Hospital aired for a half-hour until July 23 , 1976 . The series was expanded from 30 minutes to 45 minutes on July 26 , 1976 , and then to a full hour on January 16 , 1978 . Ever since the late 1970s , most of the storylines have revolved around the Quartermaines and the Spencers . From 1979 to 1988 , General Hospital had more viewers than any other daytime soap opera . It rose to the top of the ratings in the early 1980s in part thanks to the monumentally popular `` supercouple '' Luke and Laura , whose 1981 wedding brought in 30 million viewers and remains the highest-rated hour in American soap opera history . The soap opera is also known for its high-profile celebrity guest stars who have included , among others , Roseanne Barr , James Franco and the late Elizabeth Taylor . In 2007 , the program was listed as one of Time magazine 's `` 100 Best TV Shows of All-TIME . '' On April 23 , 2009 , General Hospital began broadcasting in high definition , making it the first ABC soap opera to make such a transition . The series aired its 13,000 th episode on February 24 , 2014 . General Hospital became the oldest American soap opera on September 17 , 2010 , following the final broadcast of CBS ' As the World Turns . On April 14 , 2011 , ABC announced the cancellation of both All My Children and One Life to Live , leaving General Hospital as the last remaining soap opera airing on the network after January 13 , 2012 . The show celebrated its 50th anniversary on April 1 , 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ef58f36b72ebbc0b7cce29dbc3dcce3c", "text": "Demi Moore Demi Gene Guynes ( -LSB- dəˈmiː -RSB- ; born November 11 , 1962 ) , professionally known as Demi Moore , is an American actress , former songwriter , and model . Moore dropped out of high school at age 16 to pursue an acting career and appeared in the men 's magazine Oui in 1981 . After making her film debut later that year , she appeared on the soap opera General Hospital and subsequently gained recognition for her work in Blame It on Rio ( 1984 ) and St. Elmo 's Fire ( 1985 ) . Her first film to become both a critical and commercial hit was About Last Night ... ( 1986 ) , which established her as a Hollywood star . In 1990 , Moore starred in Ghost , the highest-grossing film of that year , for which she received a Golden Globe nomination . She had a string of additional box-office successes in the early 1990s , including A Few Good Men ( 1992 ) , Indecent Proposal ( 1993 ) , and Disclosure ( 1994 ) . In 1996 , Moore became the highest-paid actress in film history when she was paid a then-unprecedented fee of $ 12.5 million to star in Striptease , a film that was a high-profile disappointment . Her next major role , G.I. Jane ( 1997 ) , for which she famously shaved her head , was followed by a lengthy break and significant downturn in Moore 's career , although she has remained a subject of substantial media interest during the years since .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "0da6d5cf44437615564c3c2c52924257", "text": "Miami Medical Miami Medical ( formerly titled Miami Trauma ) is a medical drama television series that aired on CBS from April 2 to July 2 , 2010 . It follows the professional and private lives of a team of trauma surgeons . The series was created by Jeffrey Lieber and produced by Jerry Bruckheimer Television and Warner Bros. . Television . On May 18 , 2010 , CBS cancelled the series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0333be6a4cca2b80c176a1238be0956b", "text": "Beautiful Doom `` Beautiful Doom '' is the fifth episode of the ninth season of the American television medical drama Grey 's Anatomy , and the show 's 177th episode overall . Written by Jeannine Renshaw and directed by Stephen Cragg , the episode was originally broadcast on the American Broadcasting Company ( ABC ) in the United States on November 8 , 2012 . The initial airing was viewed by 9.26 million people and garnered a 3.3 / 8 Nielsen rating in the 18 -- 49 demographic , registering the show as the week 's highest rated television drama . Grey 's Anatomy centers around a group of physicians struggling to balance their professional lives with their personal lives . In the episode Meredith Grey ( Ellen Pompeo ) relives the memories of her half-sister Lexie Grey ( Chyler Leigh ) who died in the season eight finale plane crash when a patient with similar crush injuries comes into the hospital . The episode also focuses on Cristina Yang ( Sandra Oh ) who deals with the death of her Minnesota mentor Dr. Craig Thomas ( William Daniels ) in the middle of surgery . Meredith in spite of opposition from Richard Webber ( James Pickens Jr. ) tries to treat the crash victim while dealing with her personal feelings relating Lexie . She also juggles her daughter Zola at the hospital with the absence of her husband , Derek Shepherd ( Patrick Dempsey ) , with Owen Hunt ( Kevin McKidd ) , Callie Torres ( Sara Ramirez ) and Miranda Bailey ( Chandra Wilson ) helping her .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b1dd94791ef7f94eed19cbc144551ebc", "text": "Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series The Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series is an award presented annually by the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences ( NATAS ) and Academy of Television Arts & Sciences ( ATAS ) . It is given to honor an actress who has delivered an outstanding performance in a leading role while working within the daytime drama industry . The 1st Daytime Emmy Awards ceremony was held in 1974 with Elizabeth Hubbard receiving the award for her role as Althea Davis on The Doctors . The award has undergone several name changes , originally honoring actresses in leading and supporting roles . Following the introduction of a new category in 1979 , Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series , the award 's name was altered to Outstanding Actress in a Daytime Drama Series before changing once again , to its current title , years later . The awards ceremony was not aired on television in 1983 and 1984 , having been criticized for voting integrity . In 1985 , another category was introduced , Outstanding Younger Actress in a Drama Series , one criterion for this category was altered , requiring all actresses to be aged 26 or above . Since its inception , the award has been given to 27 actresses . One Life to Live is the show with the most awarded actresses , with a total of eleven . In 1995 , Erika Slezak became the actress with the most wins in the category when she won a fourth time , surpassing Helen Gallagher 's previous record of three ; Slezak went on to win in two additional years , ultimately receiving six wins . Susan Flannery and Kim Zimmer have since received four wins each . Susan Lucci has been nominated on 21 occasions , more than any other actress . As of the 2017 ceremony , Gina Tognoni is the most recent winner in this category for her portrayal of Phyllis Summers on The Young and the Restless .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f420ffccf61af7fd99adc097feaceada", "text": "Lily Tyler Lily Tyler ( previously Moore ) is a fictional character in the USA Network science fiction television series The 4400 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c1969ac4f7bdbc35cf63099363487f62", "text": "Emergency! Not to be confused with Emergency , a TV program aired on GMA Network in the Philippines . Emergency ! is an American television series that combines the medical drama and action-adventure genres . It was a joint production of Mark VII Limited and Universal Television . It debuted on NBC as a midseason replacement on January 15 , 1972 , replacing the two short-lived series The Partners and The Good Life , and ran until May 28 , 1977 , with six additional two-hour television films during the next two years . Emergency ! was created and produced by Jack Webb and Robert A. Cinader , who were also responsible for the police dramas Adam-12 and Dragnet . Harold Jack Bloom is also credited as a creator ; Webb does not receive screen credit as a creator . In the show 's original TV-movie pilot , Webb was credited only as its director . The series stars Randolph Mantooth and Kevin Tighe as two specially trained firefighters , who formed Squad 51 , part of the then innovative field of paramedics , who were authorized to provide initial emergency medical care to victims of accidents , fires , and other incidents in the field in order to stabilize them for transport to medical facilities . The plot of the initial pilot film described the passing of state legislation , eventually signed by then State Governor Ronald Reagan , and was called `` The Wedsworth-Townsend Act . '' It authorized paramedic units to operate in the field without conventional medical personnel on site , albeit in radio contact with an assigned hospital . Squad 51 worked in concert with the fictional Rampart General Hospital medical staff ( portrayed by Robert Fuller , Julie London , and Bobby Troup ) , who took over each patient 's case from the paramedics who worked in the field . Nearly 30 years after Emergency ! debuted , the Smithsonian Institution accepted Emergency ! memorabilia into its National Museum of American History 's public-service section , including the firefighters ' helmets , turnouts , biophone , and defibrillator . The vehicles of Station 51 are a part of the collection of the Los Angeles County Fire Museum .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7f3c0cd7d42e6b5ce994653a12070383", "text": "As the World Turns As the World Turns ( often referred to as ATWT ) is an American television soap opera that aired on CBS for 54 years from April 2 , 1956 , to September 17 , 2010 . Irna Phillips created As the World Turns as a sister show to her other soap opera Guiding Light . Running for 54 years , As the World Turns holds the second-longest continuous run of any daytime network soap opera on American television , surpassed only by Guiding Light . As the World Turns was produced for the first 43 years in Manhattan and in Brooklyn from 2000 until 2010 . Set in the fictional town of Oakdale , Illinois , the show debuted on April 2 , 1956 , at 1:30 pm EST. . Prior to that date , all serials had been 15 minutes in length . As the World Turns and The Edge of Night , which premiered on the same day at 4:30 pm EST , were the first two to be 30 minutes in length from their premiere . At first , viewers did not respond to the new half-hour serial , but ratings picked up in its second year , eventually reaching the top spot in the daytime Nielsen ratings by fall 1958 . In 1959 , the show started a streak of weekly ratings wins that was not interrupted for over 12 years . The show switched to color on August 21 , 1967 , and expanded from a half-hour in length to one hour starting on December 1 , 1975 , when The Edge of Night moved to ABC . In the year-to-date ratings , As the World Turns was the most-watched daytime drama from 1958 until 1978 , with ten million viewers tuning in each day . At its height , core actors such as Helen Wagner , Don MacLaughlin , Don Hastings , and Eileen Fulton became nationally known . Three of these actors -- Wagner , Hastings , and Fulton -- are also the three longest serving actors in the history of American soap operas . The show passed its 10,000 th episode on May 12 , 1995 , and celebrated its 50th anniversary on April 2 , 2006 . On September 18 , 2009 , As the World Turns became the last remaining Procter and Gamble-produced soap opera for CBS after Guiding Light aired its final episode on the network . On December 8 , 2009 , CBS announced that it cancelled As the World Turns after almost 54 years due to low ratings . The show taped its final Procter and Gamble scenes for CBS on June 23 , 2010 , and with a dramatic storyline finale , its final episode on the network aired on September 17 , 2010 . On October 18 , 2010 , CBS replaced As the World Turns with a newly debuted talk show The Talk .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2ec97a8d2d24cfb5482419c274f26eeb", "text": "Moon Over Miami (TV series) Moon Over Miami is an American drama and crime series that aired on ABC .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "499671eb2a73718a00d99853182a2c52", "text": "Doc Elliot Doc Elliot is an American medical drama that aired from March 5 , 1973 until May 1 , 1974 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "800a78499cc651e402ca16dfac8c5ef8", "text": "The D.A. (1971 TV series) The D.A. is an American half-hour legal drama that aired Fridays at 8:00 -8:30 pm on NBC for the 1971-72 season . It ran from September 17 , 1971 to January 7 , 1972 and was replaced by the more successful Sanford and Son the following week . The show was packaged by Jack Webb 's Mark VII Limited for Universal Television and is not to be confused with a show Webb produced in 1959 with a similar name , The D.A. 's Man , which starred John Compton in the lead role .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "428b10dd0438c60c4a4b728cb82d3674", "text": "Teen drama A teen drama is a genre or type of drama series with a major focus on teenage and young adult characters . It came into prominence in the early 1990s , especially with the popularity of the Fox series Beverly Hills , 90210 . After 90210 became a success , television writers and producers realized the potential for this new genre to reach out to a previously ignored demographic . In the past , most series that maintained a focus on teenagers had been sitcoms , while adolescents in drama series were usually part of a larger ensemble that included adults and children . More often than not , teen dramas have soap opera elements , incorporating one or more ongoing story arcs spanning several episodes . The young characters must deal with the dramatic ups and downs of their friendships and romances while facing an array of issues thought to be typical of adolescence . There have also been many successful teen-based series with major science fiction , fantasy and action/adventure themes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c0b2ec2d024386af838da2ff0ba28184", "text": "Crossroads (1992 TV series) Crossroads is an American drama that aired from September 14 , 1992 to July 15 , 1993 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9667debada837220e171b0ef54f710bd", "text": "Ally McBeal Ally McBeal is an American legal comedy-drama television series , originally aired on Fox from September 8 , 1997 to May 20 , 2002 . Created by David E. Kelley , the series stars Calista Flockhart in the title role as a young lawyer working in the fictional Boston law firm Cage and Fish , with other young lawyers whose lives and loves were eccentric , humorous and dramatic . The series received critical acclaim in its early seasons , winning the Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series -- Musical or Comedy in 1997 and 1998 , and also winning the Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy Series in 1999 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5b5dbf8a89ca4274b033abe31e64aa22", "text": "The Last Best Year The Last Best Year is a 1990 American made-for-television drama film starring Mary Tyler Moore and Bernadette Peters concerning a lonely woman who discovers that she has a terminal illness . It originally premiered on ABC on November 4 , 1990 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bca189a3bd5c1ab66e5514d4bceff64b", "text": "Mercy Point Mercy Point is an American science fiction medical drama , created by Trey Callaway , David Simkins , and Milo Frank , which originally aired for one season on United Paramount Network ( UPN ) from October 6 , 1998 , to July 15 , 1999 . With an ensemble cast led by : Joe Morton , Maria del Mar , Alexandra Wilson , Brian McNamara , Salli Richardson , Julia Pennington , Gay Thomas , Jordan Lund , and Joe Spano , the series takes place in a 23rd-century hospital space station located in deep space and revolves around its doctors and nurses . The series was produced by Mandalay Television and Columbia TriStar Television ; the executive producers were Trey Callaway , Michael Katleman , Lee David Zlotoff , Joe Voci , and Scott Sanders . Callaway developed Mercy Point from Frank 's script , `` Nightingale One '' , as a concept for a feature film under the working title of the same name . Even though it was picked up by Mandalay Television , the concept was eventually revised as a television project and renamed Mercy Point due to the disappointing commercial performance of the 1997 film Starship Troopers . The show was part of a $ 3 million deal between Mandalay Television and Columbia TriStar Television to produce 200 hours of material . It was filmed in Vancouver to reduce production costs , with the hospital sets constructed on a series of sound stages . Director Joe Napolitano had praised the show for its use of a complete set to allow for more intricate directing . Despite being envisioned as a companion to Star Trek : Voyager , it was paired with Moesha and Clueless as its lead-in on Tuesday nights . Initially focused on ethical and medical cases , the show 's storylines gradually shifted toward relating the characters ' personal relationships to better fit UPN 's primarily teen demographic . Mercy Point was placed on hiatus after only two episodes were aired , and was replaced by the reality television series America 's Greatest Pets and the sitcom Reunited . The show suffered from low viewership , with an average of two million viewers . The final four episodes of the series were broadcast in two , two-hour blocks on Thursday nights in July 1999 . It was never released on DVD or Blu-ray . Critical response to Mercy Point was mixed ; some television critics praised its characterization and use of science-fiction elements , while others found it to be uninteresting and unoriginal . Several media commentators negatively compared the show to other television programs . Callaway has stated that he had the potential story arcs for the full first season already planned before the show 's cancellation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2ce970c0ad6e1be546fed019e28e4a0b", "text": "Amy Carlson Amy Lynn Carlson ( born July 7 , 1968 ) is an American television actress , known for her roles as Linda Reagan in the CBS police procedural Blue Bloods , as Alex Taylor on the NBC drama Third Watch , and Josie Watts in the NBC daytime soap opera Another World .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7823f57c984a5cab8eb911c276d8736b", "text": "Morning Star (TV series) Morning Star is a daytime soap opera which aired on NBC from September 27 , 1965 to July 1 , 1966 . The show was created by Ted Corday who would later create the long-running daytime serial Days of Our Lives . The show aired at 11:00 AM ; it was paired with Paradise Bay which aired after it and also was created by Ted Corday . Morning Star was one of the first soap operas to air in color . The show followed Katy Elliot who was a fashion designer from Connecticut ; she moved to New York City to begin work in her chosen field . It followed her trials and tribulations along with those of her roommates Joan Mitchell and Joan 's daughter Liz . Katy had left her hometown of Springdale after the death of Greg Ross , her fiance , who had been killed in a traffic accident before they were to have been married . In New York , Katy met and fell in love with Bill Riley , She also had contact with her aunt Millie Elliot ; her uncle , Ed Elliot , who was a judge in Springdale ; and her sixteen-year-old sister , Jan. . As did Days of our Lives , the show opened with an epigraph , as was customary for soap operas of the time , `` No matter how dark the night , there is always a new dawn to come . The sun is but a morning star . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b18cd7242cb9073b0fc28ab5be014731", "text": "Striptease (film) Striptease is a 1996 American erotic comedy film directed , produced , and written by Andrew Bergman , and stars Demi Moore , Burt Reynolds and Ving Rhames . The film is based on Carl Hiaasen 's novel of the same name , and is about a stripper who becomes involved in both a child-custody dispute and corrupt politics . Striptease was generally reviled by critics . It wound up winning several Golden Raspberry Awards , which are given to the worst in cinema . Among these awards given to Striptease was the Award for Worst Picture of 1996 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b4d78ceb190d29baf35da7a7d7146f86", "text": "Kathleen Noone Kathleen Noone ( born Kathleen O'Meara , January 8 , 1945 ) is an American actress . She began her career as a singer in nightclubs and performed in musicals in off-Broadway stage , before making her television debut in the CBS daytime soap opera , As the World Turns ( 1975 -- 76 ) . From 1977 to 1989 , Noone played Ellen Shepherd Dalton on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children . For this role , she won Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series in 1987 . In 1990 , Noone moved to prime time , starring as villainous Claudia Whittaker in the CBS series , Knots Landing ( 1990 -- 1993 ) . She returned to daytime television as Bette Katzenkazrahi on NBC 's Sunset Beach ( 1997 -- 1999 ) , for which she received another Daytime Emmy Award nomination . She also has had the recurring roles on L.A. Law , Party of Five , According to Jim , and Dexter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "efff59fa556ac03dfc36845ad3d2f939", "text": "Sunset Beach (TV series) Sunset Beach is an American television soap opera that aired on NBC from January 6 , 1997 to December 31 , 1999 . The show follows the loves and lives of the people living in the Orange County coastal area named Sunset Beach , on the coast of California . Although there is a town in California called Sunset Beach , the show 's beach scenes were shot on nearby Seal Beach . The show was co-produced by NBC and Spelling Television . Sunset Beach won two Daytime Emmy Awards and was nominated another eleven times . The show also received twenty-two nominations for various other awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0e447ff7b499201608e00ac199bda4fb", "text": "Kelly Moore (writer) Kelly Moore is an American author and former attorney . Her 1988 book Deadly Medicine , which focused on the crimes and trial of serial killer Genene Jones , was a New York Times bestseller for seven weeks . Amber House , the first installment in her young adult fiction series , co-written with her daughters Tucker Reed and Larkin Reed , was published by Scholastic 's Arthur A. Levine Books imprint on October 1 , 2012 .", "title": "" } ]	fever
89821e5c41a21439c2fe031a82bd28cd	Sophie Turner has been in a feature film.	[ { "docid": "5135b66c86197e6ad15f98e689d810b1", "text": "Sophie Turner Sophie Turner ( born 21 February 1996 ) is an English actress . Turner made her professional acting debut as Sansa Stark on the HBO fantasy television series Game of Thrones ( 2011 -- present ) , which brought her international recognition and critical praise . For her performance , she has received four nominations for Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series , as well as a Young Artist Award nomination for Best Supporting Young Actress in a TV Series . Turner has also starred in the television film The Thirteenth Tale ( 2013 ) and she made her feature film debut in Another Me ( 2013 ) . She has also starred in the action comedy Barely Lethal ( 2015 ) and played Jean Grey / Phoenix in the X-Men film series .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "fca3999162b954b396e2de08011cc215", "text": "Stitches (2012 film) Stitches is a 2012 psychological horror comedy fantasy film directed by Conor McMahon and starring Ross Noble , Tommy Knight and Gemma-Leah Devereux . The plot concerns a birthday clown returning from the dead to exact revenge upon a boy and a group of children who contributed to his death . The film was produced by Fantastic Films and Tailored Films in 2012 and marks the film debut of Tommy Knight and stand-up comedian Ross Noble . The film is an international co-production between Ireland , Sweden , and the United Kingdom . McMahon began working on the film after receiving a $ 600,000 grant from the Irish Film Board , also utilizing funding from MEDIA Europe . Filming for the movie took place in Ireland . Stitches premiered in Dublin , Ireland in September 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e0b3bf6c5b624bce2f8f3cc112f24c8c", "text": "Sophie Desmarais Sophie Desmarais ( born July 24 , 1986 ) is a Canadian actress , best known for her role in the 2013 film Sarah Prefers to Run , written and directed by Chloé Robichaud .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f69386a67800db57e1aaaacac1b3a797", "text": "Sophie Langham Sophie Langham is an English actress . She is most famous for playing one half of Walford 's first lesbian couple , in the popular BBC soap opera , EastEnders . Her character , Binnie Roberts , made her first appearance in 1994 and left in 1995 . During her time on the show Langham 's character and her on-screen girlfriend Della Alexander ( Michelle Joseph ) made headlines in the British press when EastEnders screened its first lesbian kiss . EastEnders added to the controversy by making Della and Binnie a mixed-race couple . Coincidentally , Sophie Langham and Michelle Joseph both attended Rose Bruford College within a year of each other . Since leaving EastEnders Langham has appeared in episodes of Jonathan Creek ( 1998 ) ; The Bill ( 1997 ; 2001 ) ; Holby City ( 2003 ) and most recently Doctors ( 2004 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e019e3fffd1c1723986bd97384a52726", "text": "Archipelago (film) Archipelago is a 2010 British film written and directed by Joanna Hogg about a family holiday on the island of Tresco , which forms part of the archipelago of the Isles of Scilly .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "13b09c405db84ffa48582364fecac6f5", "text": "Janine Turner Janine Turner ( born Janine Loraine Gauntt ; December 6 , 1962 ) is an American actress best known for her roles as Maggie O'Connell in the television series Northern Exposure , as Jessie Deighan , in the feature film Cliffhanger , and as Katie McCoy in Friday Night Lights . She is the author of two books , Holding Her Head High , released on The Washington Post best seller list ( Thomas Nelson publisher ) and A Little Bit Vulnerable : On Hollywood , God , Sobriety , & Politics . ( Dunham Books ) . She is an active public speaker and founder and co-chair of Constituting America .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b2b5963d11c7cf923930d791326ba7e0", "text": "You Instead You Instead ( alternate U.S. title Tonight You 're Mine ) is a 2011 British `` Rock 'n' roll romantic comedy '' written by Thomas Leveritt and directed by David Mackenzie . The film stars Luke Treadaway , Natalia Tena , Gavin Mitchell and Alastair Mackenzie . Set at T in the Park music festival and shot by Sigma Films , two feuding rock stars are handcuffed together at a festival where they are due to perform .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2e430de7811175072c338dcdb3ed07fb", "text": "Valentine (film) Valentine is a 2001 American slasher film directed by Jamie Blanks , and starring Denise Richards , David Boreanaz , Marley Shelton , Jessica Capshaw , and Katherine Heigl . Loosely based on the novel of the same name by Tom Savage , the film follows a group of women in San Francisco who are stalked by a man whom they tormented during their childhood . Release theatrically in February 2001 , the film received mixed reviews from critics , with some praising its performances and cinematography , and others criticizing its conclusion and deeming it too redolent of 1980s horror films . In spite of the mixed critical response , the film was a box office success , earning a total of USD$ 36.7 million .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a39bc6b265c8100112524f8b0eb0f74", "text": "The Thirteenth Tale (film) The Thirteenth Tale is a British drama television film that first broadcast on BBC Two on 30 December 2013 . It is an adaptation of Diane Setterfield 's gothic novel The Thirteenth Tale .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b1dbfd1cea9ace7721909ada2d6207b8", "text": "List of British films of 2013 The British film industry produced over five hundred feature films in 2013 . This article fully lists all non-pornographic films , including short films , that had a release date in that year and which were at least partly made by the United Kingdom . It does not include films first released in previous years that had release dates in 2013 . Also included is an overview of the major events in British film , including film festivals and awards ceremonies , as well as lists of those films that were particularly well received , both critically and financially . The year was particularly notable for a number of low budget and independent horror films , such as In Fear , Devil 's Pass , Dementamania and Stalled .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c9d1ac7075b326713516a24b5e944c88", "text": "Salmon Fishing in the Yemen Salmon Fishing in the Yemen is a 2011 British romantic comedy-drama film directed by Lasse Hallström and starring Ewan McGregor , Emily Blunt , Kristin Scott Thomas and Amr Waked . Based on the 2007 novel of the same name by Paul Torday , and a screenplay by Simon Beaufoy , the film is about a fisheries expert who is recruited by a consultant to help realize a sheikh 's vision of bringing the sport of fly fishing to the Yemen desert , initiating an upstream journey of faith to make the impossible possible . The film was shot on location in London , Scotland , and Morocco from August to October 2010 . The film premiered at the 2011 Toronto International Film Festival . The film received generally positive reviews upon its release , and earned $ 34,564,651 in revenue worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5e3a77a9c62e5154dbfbcd91bf919173", "text": "Sophie Leigh Stone Sophie Leigh Stone ( born c. 1981 ) is an English stage and television actress . She was the first deaf student to win a place at the drama school RADA .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "760d9c4bb19b849a0e4d5da2c8ee0aaa", "text": "Scrawl (film) Scrawl is a 2015 independent British supernatural horror-thriller film written and directed by Peter Hearn and produced by Annabelle Le Gresley and Hearn . It stars Liam Hughes , Joe Daly , Daisy Ridley , Mark Forester Evans , Le Gresley , Nathalie Pownall , Catherine Ruddick and Derek Jones . It tells the story of two best friends , Simon and Joe , who must rewrite the happenings from the comic book , Scrawl , after realizing that the events occurred from the comic begins to happen . It is also Ridley 's film debut just before Star Wars : The Force Awakens . The film received positive reviews . As of 2016 , the film is still lining up for indie horror festivals , playing a longer version than the final cut .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ae09c9c90fcecc9db2dd58a161e103a0", "text": "Chouans! Chouans ! is a 1988 French historical adventure film directed by Philippe de Broca and starring Sophie Marceau , Philippe Noiret , and Lambert Wilson . Based on the 1829 novel Les Chouans by Honoré de Balzac , the film is about a woman who must choose between two brothers on opposite sides of the French Civil War of 1793 . For her performance in the film , Sophie Marceau received the Cabourg Romantic Film Festival Award for Best Actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "694dada184a2cffa3c91241da5db7b79", "text": "Not Another Happy Ending Not Another Happy Ending is a 2013 British romantic comedy film directed by John McKay , starring Karen Gillan , Stanley Weber and Freya Mavor . Produced by Claire Mundell and Wendy Griffin , and written by David Solomons , the film premiered at the Edinburgh International Film Festival on 30 June 2013 . It was largely shot in Glasgow 's Merchant City .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7c1b2bf109adafbf1de048f84a44eec4", "text": "Trust (2010 film) Trust is a 2010 American drama thriller film directed by David Schwimmer and based on a screenplay by Andy Bellin and Robert Festinger , and an uncredited story by Schwimmer . It stars Viola Davis , Clive Owen , Catherine Keener , Jason Clarke , and Liana Liberato . The film is about a teenage girl who becomes a victim of sexual abuse when she befriends a man on the Internet .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "08aa7e1af348ce2daeadccb973b0828b", "text": "Sophie Lawrence Sophie Lawrence ( born 12 June 1972 , Ilford , London ) is an English actress , singer , director and choreographer . She played the role of Diane Butcher in the BBC soap opera EastEnders as a regular cast member from 1988 to 1991 , making subsequent guest appearances in 1993 , 1994 , 1997 , 2008 and 2012 . In 1991 , Lawrence achieved a top 30 hit in the UK single 's chart with her cover of Donna Summer 's hit single , Love 's Unkind . Since 2001 , she has been most active on stage in musical theatre and pantomime .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2e10e6914191c774f616026dc661be43", "text": "Charlie's Farm Charlie 's Farm is a 2014 Australian horror film written and directed by Chris Sun about the violent history of Charlie 's Farm brutally brought to life when four horror seeking youths stumble across a legend that refuses to die . The film stars Tara Reid , Nathan Jones , Allira Jaques , Bill Moseley , Kane Hodder , Dean Kirkright and Sam Coward .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8b6bc5ce3d82bff54517760db5fe9e08", "text": "Somewhere to Run Somewhere to Run is a 1989 British made-for-television film about teenage runaways . Directed by Carol Wiseman and written by Matthew Jacobs , it starred Robin Weaver and Vicky Murdock as two teenage girls who run away from home and find themselves on the streets of London . The film also starred Angela Pleasence and Michael Jayston . It was produced by Thames Television for the ITV network , and received its ITV debut on 11 July 1989 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6fbf36d1192f2405c5a95db8f56ad8b7", "text": "Adult Life Skills Adult Life Skills ( formerly known as ` How To Live Yours ' ) is a 2016 British comedy film , funded by Creative England , and is the feature debut for writer director Rachel Tunnard . It is the feature-length version of BAFTA nominated short , Emotional Fusebox , which premiered at the London Film Festival in 2014 . The story of a 29-year-old , Anna ( portrayed by Jodie Whittaker ) has moved into her mum 's shed and is refusing to move out after the death of her twin brother . The film premiered at the 2016 Tribeca Film Festival in April 2016 , winning one of the top awards - the Nora Ephron prize for best female director . The film releases in UK cinemas on 24 June 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d96245a0d5c463e7663d97a370e0eef", "text": "Sophie Burton Sophie Burton is a fictional character from the British Channel 4 soap opera , Hollyoaks , played by Connie Powney . She first appeared in 2003 with on-screen family , the Burtons , including twin sister Mel , who was played by Powney 's real life twin Cassie Powney .", "title": "" } ]	fever
395f7f0fe2fdf4240e352183947c4d5a	Ludacris has not won a Grammy award.	[ { "docid": "c8a084ffbbc8f34e5b4483d7c13d73ec", "text": "Ludacris Christopher Brian `` Chris '' Bridges ( born September 11 , 1977 ) , better known by his stage name Ludacris , is an American hip hop recording artist and actor . Alongside his manager , Chaka Zulu , Ludacris is the co-founder of Disturbing tha Peace , an imprint distributed by Def Jam Recordings . Throughout his career , Ludacris has won Screen Actors Guild , Critic 's Choice , MTV , and Grammy Awards . Along with fellow Atlanta-based rappers Big Boi and André 3000 of OutKast , Ludacris was one of the first and most influential `` Dirty South '' rappers to achieve mainstream success during the early 2000s . In 2014 , Ludacris was featured in Forbes list titled `` Hip-Hop Cash Kings '' , as he earned $ 8 million . Next year , he could again make it to their list by earning the same amount . Born in Champaign , Illinois , Ludacris moved to Atlanta at age nine , where he began rapping . After a brief stint as a disc jockey ( DJ ) , he released his first album Incognegro in 1999 , followed by Back for the First Time in 2000 , which contained the singles `` Southern Hospitality '' and `` What 's Your Fantasy '' . In 2001 , he released Word of Mouf , followed by Chicken-n-Beer in 2003 and The Red Light District in 2004 . He took a more serious approach with his next two albums , Release Therapy ( 2006 ) , and Theater of the Mind ( 2008 ) . His next record , Battle of the Sexes , was released in 2010 and featured the tone of his previous albums . Ludaversal was released on March 31 , 2015 . As an actor , he has appeared in films including Crash ( 2004 ) , Gamer ( 2009 ) , and New Year 's Eve ( 2011 ) , but is best known for playing Tej Parker in The Fast and the Furious film series .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "69fbf2b7f1d6bc7402c2ec500d74cf9a", "text": "The Heat (Toni Braxton album) The Heat is the third studio album by American recording artist Toni Braxton . Released in the United States on April 25 , 2000 by LaFace Records , the album marked Braxton 's departure from her ballads in favor of a more urban sound . Most of the songs ( including the nearly instrumental `` The Art of Love '' ) were written and produced by Braxton and her husband Keri Lewis ( a former member of Mint Condition ) , two ballads were penned by Diane Warren , and collaborations featured rappers Dr. Dre and Lisa `` Left Eye '' Lopes . The Heat opened at number two on the Billboard 200 chart selling 194,448 units in its first week . It was certified double platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) on October 13 , 2000 , with sales of over 2.2 million copies within the U.S. Additionally , the album was nominated for Best R&B Album at the 2001 Grammy Awards , while lead single `` He Was n't Man Enough '' won for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance and was nominated for Best R&B Song .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0e531384eb46573145087f1520f557ec", "text": "Johnny Mathis discography Johnny Mathis has recorded 71 studio albums , 11 of which achieved sales of 500,000 units and were awarded Gold certification by the Recording Industry Association of America . Five of his greatest hits albums also accomplished this , and of these 16 Gold albums , six eventually went Platinum by reaching sales of one million copies . In 1999 , sales figures totaled five million for his first holiday LP , Merry Christmas , and three million for Johnny 's Greatest Hits , a 1958 collection that has been described as the `` original greatest-hits package '' and once held the record for most weeks on Billboard magazine 's album chart with a total of 490 ( three of which were spent at number one ) . His second longest album chart run was the 295 weeks belonging to his Platinum 1959 album Heavenly , which gave him five weeks in the top spot . In a ranking of the top album artists of the last half of the 1950s in terms of Billboard chart performance , he comes in at number two , for the 1960s , number 10 , and for the period from 1955 to 2009 he is at number six . The recurring appearance of Mathis holiday releases on the various album charts in Billboard began with 1958 's Merry Christmas , which peaked at number three during the four weeks it spent that holiday season on the magazine 's biggest album chart ( now known as the Billboard 200 ) and returned to place at various positions within the top 40 slots there for the next four years . When the magazine first had a separate chart for Christmas albums from 1963 to 1973 , Merry Christmas ranked somewhere in the top 10 on it for another seven years , and on the Top Pop Catalog chart that was created for older titles , it had eight return appearances during the 1990s . His Sounds of Christmas LP spent two weeks at number two on the Christmas Albums chart upon its 1963 release and re-charted for the next five years , and 1969 's Give Me Your Love for Christmas reached number one there during its first of several annual chart showings before achieving Platinum certification . Other notable holiday projects include Home for Christmas , a 1990 home video special that went platinum , and Sending You a Little Christmas , a 2013 release that earned him a Grammy nomination in the category of Best Traditional Pop Vocal Album . Mathis also recorded 43 songs that reached Billboard magazine 's Hot 100 chart in the United States and another nine that `` bubbled under '' the Hot 100 . Six of these 52 recordings made the top 10 , including 1957 's `` Chances Are '' and the 1978 Deniece Williams duet , `` Too Much , Too Little , Too Late '' , which each spent a week at number one , and 32 of them are also on the list of 50 entries that Mathis had on the magazine 's Easy Listening chart , which was started in 1961 . 19 of those 50 songs made the top 10 on that list , and two of them ( `` I 'm Coming Home '' and `` Too Much , Too Little , Too Late '' ) went on to number one . The Williams duet also spent four weeks at number one on the magazine 's R&B chart and was certified Gold after selling one million copies . In the UK Mathis spent three weeks at number one on the singles chart in 1976 with `` When a Child Is Born '' and had two compilations reached the top spot on the albums chart : 1977 's The Mathis Collection and 1980 's Tears and Laughter . `` Too Much , Too Little , Too Late '' and `` When a Child Is Born '' both achieved Silver certification for singles by the British Phonographic Industry for sales of 250,000 units in the UK , and the latter eventually reached the 500,000 mark to earn Gold certification . 16 of his LPs met the 60,000 album sales mark in the UK to be certified Silver , with eight of those going on to sell 100,000 copies for Gold certification and one of those eight ( The Johnny Mathis Collection , 1976 ) making it to the 300,000 total necessary for the Platinum award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9026b7ac4a957638c9da2298a41783ea", "text": "Latin Grammy Award for Best Christian Album (Spanish Language) The Latin Grammy Award for Best Christian Album ( Spanish Language ) is an award for Latin Christian music given every year since the 5th Latin Grammy Awards ceremony , which took place at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles . In 2002 and 2003 the category was named Best Christian Album and rewarded the Christian albums in Spanish and Portuguese .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2be5dae23998b709b0f987bf0c7b27a2", "text": "Lo Nuestro Award for Tropical New Artist of the Year The Lo Nuestro Award for Tropical/Salsa New Artist of the Year is an honor presented annually by American network Univision . It was first awarded in 1989 and has been given annually since to recognize the most talented performers of Latin music . The nominees and winners were originally selected by a voting poll conducted among program directors of Spanish-language radio stations in the United States and also based on chart performance on Billboard Latin music charts , with the results being tabulated and certified by the accounting firm Deloitte . At the present time , the winners are selected by the audience through an online survey . The trophy awarded is shaped in the form of a treble clef . The award was first presented to Nicaraguan singer Luis Enrique . Puerto-Rican American performer Olga Tañón was a nominee in 1993 and eventually became the most awarded performer in Lo Nuestro Awards history , with 22 accolades . American singer Marc Anthony won the following year and also received the Grammy Award for Best Tropical Latin Performance for the album Contra la Corriente in 1998 . Puerto-Rican American artist Elvis Crespo earned the award in 1999 , the same year that his songs `` Suavemente '' and `` Tu Sonrisa '' peaked at number-one at the Billboard Latin Songs chart . At the 12th Lo Nuestro Awards , Son by Four was named Tropical New Artist of the Year aided by the massive success of their single `` A Puro Dolor '' , which later ranked 1st at the Hot Latin Songs 25th Anniversary chart . Colombian singer-songwriter Fonseca won in 2007 and also earned the Latin Grammy Award for Best Tropical Song . In 2013 , the Pop , Regional Mexican and Tropical/Salsa New Artist of the Year categories were merged on a Lo Nuestro Award for Best New Artist category in the General Field ; however , the following year , the Lo Nuestro Award for Tropical New Artist of the Year was reincorporated .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2872269620d377fd7630822d4c9e53fb", "text": "Latin Grammy Award for Best Pop/Rock Album The Latin Grammy Award for Best Pop/Rock Album is an honor presented annually at the Latin Grammy Awards , a ceremony that recognizes excellence and creates a wider awareness of cultural diversity and contributions of Latin recording artists in the United States and internationally . It is one of the new categories added for the Latin Grammy Awards of 2012 In 2014 , Somos by Jarabe de Palo was the first album to be nominated for this award and for Album of the Year . In 2016 , Algo Sucede by Julieta Venegas was nominated for this award and for Album of the Year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c45f4f5334cadaf1d57b672a7bed1c9a", "text": "Grammy Award for Video of the Year The Grammy Award for Video of the Year was an honor presented to recording artists at the 24th Grammy Awards in 1982 and the 25th Grammy Awards in 1983 for music videos . The Grammy Awards , an annual ceremony that was established in 1958 and originally called the Gramophone Awards , are presented by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences of the United States to `` honor artistic achievement , technical proficiency and overall excellence in the recording industry , without regard to album sales or chart position '' . First presented in 1982 to Michael Nesmith for Elephant Parts , the award was reserved for quality `` video cassettes or discs in any format created specifically for the home video market '' . In 1983 , Olivia Newton-John was presented the award for Olivia Physical . Beginning with the 1984 Grammy Awards , the Video of the Year award category was replaced with the categories Best Video , Short Form and Best Video Album ( now known as Best Music Video and Best Music Film , respectively ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c93d740905f138c32da0d4fb6b516409", "text": "Latin Grammy Award for Best Grupero Album The Latin Grammy Award for Best Grupero Album was first handed to Los Temerarios during the 1st Latin Grammy Awards ceremony which took place at the Staples Center in Los Angeles , California under the name of Best Grupero Performance . In 2002 it was named Best Grupero Album and was last handed out in 2009 to group Caballo Dorado . The male Grupero artist with the most wins and nominations is Joan Sebastian , with two nominations and both wins . The female Grupero artist with the most nominations and wins is Ana Bárbara , with 4 nominations and one win . The group with the most nominations and wins is La Mafia with four nominations and one win . The grupero act with the most nominations is Guardianes del Amor with five . Other notable winners include Alicia Villarreal , Grupo Bryndis , and Atrapado . Some other notable nominees also include Bronco , Marco Antonio Solis , Jennifer Pena , Mariana Seoane , Grupo Limite , Grupo Mojado , and Liberacion .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "872634e234c0c8bef37fc20a43ddff8a", "text": "Chicken-n-Beer Chicken-n-Beer is the third studio album by American rapper Ludacris . It was released on October 7 , 2003 , by Disturbing tha Peace and Def Jam Recordings . Recording sessions took place from 2002 to 2003 , and it was handled by several record producers , including DJ Nasty & LVM , Kanye West , Mo B. Dick , DJ Paul , Juicy J and Ludacris himself . The Southern hip hop album , Chicken-n-Beer is musically similar to Ludacris ' previous work , with his use of a fast , highly versatile flow . Some of the songs on the album take a political overtone . The album debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 , selling 429,000 copies in its first week ; unlike Ludacris ' previous albums , the album achieved success outside the United States , charting in several European territories ; including Germany and the United Kingdom . Upon its release , Chicken-n-Beer received positive reviews , with critics praising Ludacris ' technical rapping abilities and production choices , although some criticized the adult humor in the lyrics as excessive . It was supported by four singles that were released from the album , two of which -- `` Stand Up '' and `` Splash Waterfalls '' -- became Ludacris ' first to peak in the top 10 on the US Billboard Hot 100 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6fb0706e9e12ac0760eaa97f22c2a852", "text": "American Music Award for Favorite Soul/R&B Female Artist The American Music Award for Favorite Soul/R & B Female Artist has been awarded since 1974 . Years reflect the year during which the American Music Awards were presented , for works released in the previous year ( until 2003 onward , when awards were handed out on November of the same year ) . The all-time winner in this category is Rihanna with 6 wins .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "adb4bad788858e07512e383c58133404", "text": "Steph Jones Steph Jones is an American singer , songwriter , and model . He was signed to Def Jam , through Ludacris ' Disturbing tha Peace but left the label .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "31e0c2902da52dd1f923e4530182e88b", "text": "Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Christian Music Performance/Song The Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Christian Music Performance/Song was a new category at the 2015 ceremony of the annual Grammy Awards . It combines two previously separate categories in the Gospel/Contemporary Christian Music field , Best Contemporary Christian Music Song and Best Gospel/Contemporary Christian Music Performance . The new category recognizes both songwriters and performers ( solo/duos/groups / collaborations/etc . ) and is open for singles or tracks only . Songwriters are only awarded a Grammy Award if it is a newly written song . Grammy 's for cover versions of previously recorded songs are awarded to the performer ( s ) only . Along with the also newly formed Best Gospel Performance/Song category , these mark the only Grammy categories which honor both performers and songwriters in one category . These changes were made in June 2014 by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences `` in the interest of clarifying the criteria , representing the current culture and creative DNA of the gospel and Contemporary Christian Music communities , and better reflecting the diversity and authenticity of today 's gospel music industry . '' According to the Grammy committee , the move recognizes `` the critical contribution of both songwriters and performers by combining songwriters and artists into the Best Gospel Performance/Song and Best Contemporary Christian Music Performance/Song categories . '' Gospel performances , which were previously recognized in the Best Gospel/Contemporary Christian Music Performance category , will now fall under the newly created Best Gospel Performance/Song category .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "26cea62ceab8d40a721c65321e27f02d", "text": "Your Secret Love Your Secret Love is the tenth studio album by American R&B recording artist Luther Vandross , released on October 1 , 1996 ( see 1996 in music ) . The album 's title track won the Grammy Award for Best Male R&B Vocal Performance and was nominated for Best R&B Song in 1997 . It was his final album for Epic Records .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "895d4076d1a7aee760bc2967bd05e497", "text": "Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Composition The Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Composition ( including its previous names ) has been awarded since 1960 . The award is presented to the composer of an original piece of music ( not an adaptation ) , first released during the eligibility year . In theory , any style of music is eligible for this category , but winning compositions are usually in the jazz or film score genres . The Grammy is awarded to the composer ( s ) of the music , not to the performing artist , except if the artist is also the composer . There have been several minor changes to the name of the award : In 1958 it was awarded as Best Musical Composition First Recorded and Released in 1958 ( over 5 minutes duration ) In 1960 it was awarded as Best Musical Composition First Recorded and Released in 1959 ( more than 5 minutes duration ) In 1962 it was awarded as Best Instrumental Theme or Instrumental Version of Song From 1963 to 1964 and from 1967 to 1970 it was awarded as Best Instrumental Theme In 1965 it was awarded as Best Instrumental Composition ( other than jazz ) From 1971 to the present it has been awarded as Best Instrumental Composition Years reflect the year in which the Grammy Awards were presented , for works released in the previous year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "53aac8fe732cdb6453db0c517dc87ece", "text": "South African Music Award for Newcomer of the Year The South African Music Awards ( often simply the SAMAs ) are the Recording Industry of South Africa 's music industry awards , established in 1995 . The ceremony is held in late-April or May every year , with the judging process starting in November of the previous year . The nominations are typically announced at the end of March . The winners receive a gold-plated statuette called a SAMA . The show is consistently held at the Super Bowl in Sun City , with exception of two years , and broadcast live on national broadcaster , SABC . The ceremony features live performances by a selection of nominees . The SAMAs are considered the South African equivalent of the American Grammy Awards . MTN has been the title sponsor of the event since 2003 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6eda4fc0042da78360cab798fd3398b8", "text": "Grammy Award for Best Country Solo Performance The Grammy Award for Best Country Solo Performance is an award presented at the Grammy Awards , a ceremony that was established in 1958 and originally called the Gramophone Awards . According to the 54th Grammy Awards description guide it is designed for solo ( vocal or instrumental ) country recordings and is limited to singles or tracks only . The award combines the previous categories for Best Female Country Vocal Performance , Best Male Country Vocal Performance and Best Country Instrumental Performance ( if it is an instrumental solo performance ) . The restructuring of these categories was a result of the Recording Academy 's wish to decrease the list of categories and awards and to eliminate the distinctions between male and female performances .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "532b8d92510feeff72678b5f7b0ae887", "text": "Grammy Award for Best Hard Rock/Metal Performance The Grammy Award for Best Hard Rock/Metal Performance was an award presented at the 2012 and 2013 Grammy Awards , a ceremony that was established in 1958 and originally called the Gramophone Awards . According to the 54th Grammy Awards description guide it was designed for solo , duo/groups or collaborative ( vocal or instrumental ) hard rock or metal recordings and was limited to singles or tracks only . The award was first presented in 2012 , after a major restructuring of Grammy categories . It combined the previous categories Best Hard Rock Performance and Best Metal Performance . The restructuring was a result of the Recording Academy 's wish to decrease the list of categories and awards . However , the Recording Academy announced in June 2013 that the category would split in 2014 , returning the Best Metal Performance category and recognizing quality hard rock performances in the Best Rock Performance category . According to the Academy , `` it was determined that metal has a very distinctive sound , and hard rock more closely aligns with rock and can exist comfortably as one end of the rock spectrum . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b80b08059e3f2c4c3bda5cbd5507f217", "text": "Sex Room `` Sex Room '' is a song recorded by Ludacris for his seventh studio album , Battle of the Sexes . The song features Trey Songz , who it was also written by along with Ludacris . It was produced by Kajun and was released as the third single from the album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "809a32289a7e771d5c65b332cd5812b1", "text": "Latin Grammy Award for Best Singer-Songwriter Album The Latin Grammy Award for Best Singer-Songwriter Album is an honor presented annually at the Latin Grammy Awards , a ceremony that recognizes excellence and creates a wider awareness of cultural diversity and contributions of Latin recording artists in the United States and internationally . According to the category description guide for the 13th Latin Grammy Awards , the award is reserved for solo artists or duos and they `` must compose and interpret 75 percent of the album on their own to be eligible in this category '' . Additionally , live albums are eligible if they contain at least 51 percent of new unreleased material released within the eligibility period . The accolade for Best Singer-Songwriter Album was first presented to American performer and musician Soraya at the 5th Latin Grammy Awards in 2004 for her eponymous fourth studio album ( 2003 ) . Caetano Veloso and Gian Marco Zignago have received the most wins in this category , with four . Guatemalan singer Ricardo Arjona has the highest number of nominations without a single win , with four unsuccessful nominations . For the first time in the category 's history , in 2011 , a tie was declared with the award given to Zignago for Días Nuevos and to Cuban artist Amaury Gutiérrez for Sesiones Intimas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8c01276185246f261980f83d0875cb36", "text": "Grammy Award for Best Country Duo/Group Performance The Grammy Award for Best Country Duo/Group Performance is an award presented at the Grammy Awards , a ceremony that was established in 1958 and originally called the Gramophone Awards . It was first awarded in 2012 , after a major overhaul of Grammy Award categories . The award combines the previous categories for Best Country Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal , Best Country Collaboration with Vocals and Best Country Instrumental Performance ( if the instrumental recording is performed by a duo or group ) . The restructuring of these categories was a result of the Recording Academy 's wish to decrease the list of categories and awards . According to the 54th Grammy Awards description guide it is designed for duo/group or collaborative ( vocal or instrumental ) country recordings and is limited to singles or tracks only .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e0a4c486afb279b6da8d7538f2f0879", "text": "Dale (album) Dale ( Spanish for `` Hit it '' ) is the ninth studio album by American rapper Pitbull . It was released July 17 , 2015 , through Mr. 305 , Polo Grounds Music , RCA Records and Sony Music Latin . This album arrives five years after his latest Spanish-language LP Armando , released in 2010 . Dale won a Grammy award for the Grammy Award for Best Latin Rock , Urban or Alternative Album at the 58th Annual Grammy Awards , becoming Pitbull 's first Grammy award win .", "title": "" } ]	fever
d1ad9b63e66d4551732c01709630bc2f	On Arrested Development, Portia de Rossi played the character Lindsay Fünke.	[ { "docid": "21bcbaaeffa00edf048796c6a8efa535", "text": "Portia de Rossi Portia Lee James DeGeneres ( born Amanda Lee Rogers ; January 31 , 1973 ) , also known professionally as Portia de Rossi ( -LSB- ˈpɔərʃə_də_ˈrɒsi -RSB- ) , is an Australian and American actress , model , and philanthropist . She appeared as a regular cast member on the American political thriller television series Scandal in the role of Elizabeth North from 2014 to 2017 . She is also known for her roles as lawyer Nelle Porter on the American television series Ally McBeal -- for which she won a Screen Actors Guild Award in 1999 -- and as Lindsay Fünke on the American television sitcom Arrested Development . She also portrayed Veronica Palmer on the ABC television sitcom Better Off Ted , and Olivia Lord on the television drama Nip/Tuck . De Rossi is married to comedian and television host Ellen DeGeneres .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "3fef31565708cb335bdf30b479e00929", "text": "Lindsay Ashford Lindsay Ashford is a British crime novelist and journalist . Her style of writing has been compared to that of Vivien Armstrong , Linda Fairstein and Frances Fyfield . Many of her books follow the character of Megan Rhys , an investigative psychologist . Raised in Wolverhampton , Ashford became the first woman to graduate from Queens ' College , Cambridge in its 550-year history . She gained a degree in criminology . Ashford was then employed as a reporter for the BBC before becoming a freelance journalist , writing for a number of national magazines and newspapers . In 1996 , she took a crime writing course run by the Arvon Foundation . Her first book , Frozen , was published by Honno in 2003 . Strange Blood was shortlisted for the 2006 Theakston 's Old Peculier Crime Novel of the Year Award . She wrote The Rubber Woman for the Quick Reads series in 2007 . Her historical mystery , The Mysterious Death of Miss Austen , was adapted for radio by Andrew Davies and Eileen Horne . It was broadcast on BBC Radio 4 's Woman 's Hour in February 2014 . Her novel , With Love and Crocodiles , was published independently on 4 November 2013 , and was then revised and re-published in April 2015 , under the title , `` The Color of Secrets . '' Her latest book , published in 2016 , `` The Woman on the Orient Express , '' is a novel with a fictional version Agatha Christie as its heroine . Ashford currently lives on the Welsh coast near Aberystwyth .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8c3365b912c3af6e4555a11f21cb20ca", "text": "Lindsay Rhodes Lindsay Rhodes ( previously known as Lindsay Soto ) is an American sportscaster , journalist , and television personality who is currently a host and reporter for the NFL Network .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "85500c08d546ac083ca483b10273346a", "text": "Portlandia (TV series) Portlandia is a sketch comedy television series set and filmed in and around Portland , Oregon , starring Fred Armisen and Carrie Brownstein . The show is produced by Broadway Video Television and IFC Original Productions . It was created by Fred Armisen and Carrie Brownstein , along with Jonathan Krisel , who directs it . It debuted on IFC on January 21 , 2011 . The show shares its title with the sculpture of the same name that sits above the entrance of the Portland Building on Fifth Avenue in downtown Portland , which appears in the show 's title sequence . The show has won a Peabody Award . In January 2017 , the series was renewed for an eighth and final season to debut in 2018 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5b1856f745a398c1556f8075fe93924c", "text": "L.A. Noire L.A. Noire is a neo-noir detective action-adventure video game developed by Team Bondi and published by Rockstar Games . It was initially released for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 platforms on 17 May 2011 ; a Microsoft Windows port was later released on 8 November 2011 . L.A. Noire is set in Los Angeles in 1947 and challenges the player , controlling a Los Angeles Police Department ( LAPD ) officer , to solve a range of cases across five divisions . Players must investigate crime scenes for clues , follow up leads , and interrogate suspects , and the player 's success at these activities will impact how much of each case 's story is revealed . The game draws heavily from both the plot and aesthetic elements of film noir -- stylistic films made popular in the 1940s and 1950s that share similar visual styles and themes , including crime and moral ambiguity -- along with drawing inspiration from real-life crimes for its in-game cases , based upon what was reported by the Los Angeles media in 1947 . The game uses a distinctive colour palette , but in homage to film noir it includes the option to play the game in black and white . Various plot elements reference the major themes of detective and mobster stories such as The Naked City , Chinatown , The Untouchables , The Black Dahlia , and L.A. Confidential . L.A. Noire is notable for using Depth Analysis 's newly developed technology MotionScan , whereby the actors portraying the game 's characters were recorded by 32 surrounding cameras to capture facial expressions from every angle . The technology is central to the game 's interrogation mechanic , as players must use the suspects ' reactions to questioning to judge whether or not they are lying . L.A. Noire was the first video game to be shown at the Tribeca Film Festival . Upon release , the game received wide acclaim for its advances in storytelling and facial animation technology . As of February 2012 , both PC and console versions had shipped nearly 5 million copies combined .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ef1c2aecf6613805d89474b3ef863e0d", "text": "Development girl A d-girl ( a.k.a. development girl ) is a non-influential , entry-level staffer in a film production company . Responsibilities include : finding and identifying story ideas worthy of adaptation into a script , and potentially a feature film ; and writing script coverage for scripts submitted to the production company . In Hollywood 's movie industry , a d-girl is the opposite of `` player '' . Category : Film production", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93a09fdf79f1258f17b52dbe5dad9251", "text": "Drea de Matteo Drea de Matteo ( -LSB- dreɪ_də_məˈteɪoʊ -RSB- born January 19 , 1972 ) is an American actress , known for her roles as Angie Bolen on ABC 's Desperate Housewives , Joey Tribbiani 's sister Gina on the NBC sitcom Joey , Wendy Case on FX series Sons of Anarchy , and Adriana La Cerva on the HBO TV series The Sopranos , a role for which she won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series . She currently stars as Det. Tess Nazario in NBC 's Shades of Blue .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5056f849b5fb60dbe4b8b05237eb9d6f", "text": "Arrested Development (season 1) The first season of the television comedy series Arrested Development aired between November 2 , 2003 and June 6 , 2004 , on Fox in the United States . It consisted of 22 episodes , each running approximately 22 minutes in length . The first season was released on DVD in region 1 on October 19 , 2004 , in region 2 on March 21 , 2005 and in region 4 on February 23 , 2005 . The show 's storyline centers on the Bluth family , a formerly wealthy , habitually dysfunctional family and is presented in a continuous format , incorporating hand-held camera work , narration , archival photos , and historical footage .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "deeb714696541c51d7e850275fbcad9f", "text": "Analysis of Cork-Based Networking `` Analysis of Cork-Based Networking '' is the sixth episode of the fifth season of Community , and the 90th episode overall in the series . It originally aired on January 30 , 2014 on NBC ; and is written by Monica Padrick and directed by Tristram Shapeero . It is also the last episode of the season to air before going on hiatus during the 2014 Winter Olympics . The season resumed on February 27 , 2014 . The episode also featured the return of Brie Larson as Rachel , who last appeared in the fourth season episode `` Herstory of Dance . '' In this episode , Annie Edison ( Alison Brie ) and Professor Buzz Hickey ( Jonathan Banks ) confront numerous Greendale heads -- including the head custodian Bob Waite ( Nathan Fillion ) -- while others prepare the cafeteria for the midterm dance . The episode received generally positive reviews , with many praising the show 's use of guest stars ; however , some noted Troy Barnes 's ( Donald Glover ) absence negatively . Upon airing , the episode attained 3.01 million viewers and an 18-49 rating of 1.1 , placing third in its timeslot and tenth for the night in primetime television .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "68fb86fb125294b15cb2af8a748a6f8a", "text": "L.A. Law L.A. Law is an American television legal drama series that ran for eight seasons on NBC , from September 15 , 1986 , to May 19 , 1994 . Created by Steven Bochco and Terry Louise Fisher , it contained many of Bochco 's trademark features including an ensemble cast , large number of parallel storylines , social drama , and off-the-wall humor . It reflected the social and cultural ideologies of the 1980s and early 1990s , and many of the cases featured on the show dealt with hot-topic issues such as capital punishment , abortion , racism , gay rights , homophobia , sexual harassment , AIDS , and domestic violence . The series often also reflected social tensions between the wealthy senior lawyer protagonists and their less well-paid junior staff . In addition to its main cast , L.A. Law was also well known for featuring then relatively unknown actors and actresses in guest starring roles , who later went on to greater success in film and television including : Don Cheadle , Jeffrey Tambor , Kathy Bates , David Schwimmer , Jay O. Sanders , James Avery , Gates McFadden , Bryan Cranston , C.C.H. Pounder , Kevin Spacey , Richard Schiff , Carrie-Anne Moss , William H. Macy , Stephen Root , Christian Slater , and Lucy Liu . Several episodes of the show also included celebrities such as Vanna White , Buddy Hackett and Mamie Van Doren appearing as themselves in cameo roles . The show was popular with audiences and critics , and won 15 Emmy Awards throughout its run , four of which were for Outstanding Drama Series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d2c4e54dfc9a420be62c2e3737addd2d", "text": "Lindsay Hartley Lindsay Nicole Hartley ( née Korman ; born April 17 , 1978 ) is an American actress and singer . She is known for her role as Theresa Lopez-Fitzgerald Crane Winthrop on Passions , Cara Castillo on All My Children and for her role as Arianna Hernandez on Days of Our Lives .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "24856e83158c27cf3b33068e553f6665", "text": "Kim Greylek Kim Greylek is a fictional character on the NBC crime drama Law & Order : Special Victims Unit , portrayed by Michaela McManus .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c34f34e48c6a91a2f89680aa5847faad", "text": "Leslie Knope Leslie Barbara Knope ( -LSB- ˈnoʊp -RSB- ) is a fictional character and the protagonist of the NBC comedy Parks and Recreation . She is portrayed by Amy Poehler . For most of the show 's run , she serves as Deputy Director of the Parks and Recreation Department of the fictional city of Pawnee , Indiana . An over-achiever , Knope believes the government should serve the people .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "19e4e9147e7dd16bf218f3c86b3e9a95", "text": "Portlandia (season 7) The seventh season of the television comedy Portlandia premiered on IFC in the United States on January 5 , 2017 , consisting a total of 10 episodes . The series stars Fred Armisen and Carrie Brownstein .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0763f997dff541e0208509baf69a7eab", "text": "Arrested Development (radio series) Arrested Development was a short-lived British radio programme that aired from May to June 2000 . There were four half-hour episodes and it was broadcast on BBC Radio 4 . It starred Letitia Dean and Susannah Doyle . The show was written by Simon Warne and produced by Tracey Neale .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "17f63184e1642cec628bc8660f185454", "text": "Naomi Clark Naomi Clark , played by AnnaLynne McCord , is a fictional character from the CW primetime drama 90210 , the fourth series of the Beverly Hills , 90210 franchise . The character was created by Rob Thomas , Gabe Sachs , and Jeff Judah , with later developments by Rebecca Sinclair , and occasional input from McCord . During early stages of production , Naomi was largely described as a privileged and popular teenager . Prior to the series ' premiere , Sachs and Judah would further develop Naomi into an antiheroine with a number of flaws , virtues , and familial issues . In the second season , Sinclair , the new show-runner , maintained the previous developments but presented a more comedic take on the character . McCord has expressed fondness for the multi-faceted nature of the role , citing it as a factor in her decision to accept the part . Often regarded as the show 's central figure , Naomi has received critical acclaim from the Los Angeles Times , Entertainment Weekly , People magazine , and other media outlets . Reviews have praised AnnaLynne McCord 's performance and the complexity of the role . Conversely , Naomi has also been a recipient of criticism , particularly during the second season . For her work in the role , McCord was nominated for a Teen Choice Award in 2009 , and won a Breakthrough of the Year Award in 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "299bad5811cbdb45eda402522eea5e15", "text": "Dexter (season 1) The first season of Dexter is an adaptation of Jeff Lindsay 's first novel in the Dexter series , Darkly Dreaming Dexter . Subsequent seasons have featured original storylines . This season aired from October 1 , 2006 to December 17 , 2006 , and follows Dexter 's investigation of `` The Ice Truck Killer '' . Introduced in the first episode , `` Dexter '' , this serial killer targets prostitutes and leaves their bodies severed and bloodless . At the same time , Dexter 's foster sister , Debra Morgan ( Jennifer Carpenter ) , a vice squad officer , aspires to work in the homicide department , and Dexter 's girlfriend , Rita Bennett ( Julie Benz ) , wants their relationship to be more intimate . Christian Camargo appears as Rudy Cooper and is a recurring character until the end of the season . The show 's first season received generally favorable reviews from critics ; it was praised as `` bold , different and exciting , with a central character and performance that take your breath away '' by the New York Daily News . The Wall Street Journal saw `` the grotesqueries of Dexter '' as `` not something that can easily be dismissed with the old '' ` you do n't have to watch ' line '' , and concluded that `` We do have to live among the viewers who will be desensitized , or aroused , by this show '' . The aggregate site Metacritic scored the show 's first season at 77 out of 100 based on 27 critics reviews . The season received high ratings for Showtime ; the pilot episode attracted more than a million viewers , giving the channel its highest ratings in nearly two years , while the finale `` Born Free '' drew an audience of 1.1 million viewers in the U.S. On average , the season was watched by two million viewers per episode during its original run when factoring in DVR viewers . Due to the 2007 -- 2008 Writers Guild strike and encouraged by the show 's critical success and high ratings on Showtime , CBS , a national terrestrial broadcast network , announced in December 2007 that it was considering airing an edited version of the first season of Dexter for free-to-air broadcast . It began to broadcast it on February 17 , 2008 , and thus , Dexter became the first program in 20 years to air on a broadcast network after being shown on a premium cable channel . During the show 's rerun on the CBS network in 2008 , the ratings were much higher , reaching 8.2 million viewers during its premiere February , giving the network its best rating in the 10 p.m. timeslot since December the previous year . During its 12-week run , it dropped to 7.1 million in early April , and to 6.6 million during the season 's finale on May 6 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea51e3306ba90255fefecbe2d95992e6", "text": "Procedural drama A procedural drama is a genre of television programming which focuses on how crimes are solved or some other aspect of a law enforcement agency , legislative body , or court of law . Some dramas include a lab or conference room with high-tech or state-of-the-art equipment where the main characters meet to work out the problem . Shows usually have an episodic format that does not require the viewer to have seen previous episodes . Episodes typically have a self-contained , also referred to as stand-alone , plot that is introduced and resolved within the same episode . The procedural format is popular around the world . In 2011 , the director of a TV consultancy said , `` The continuing trend is for procedurals because they use a predictable structure . '' Due to their stand-alone episodic nature , they are more accessible to new viewers than serials . Self-contained episodes also make it easier for viewers to return to a show if they have missed some episodes . In general , procedural dramas can usually be re-run with little concern for episode order . Procedurals are often criticized for being formulaic . Procedurals are also generally less character-driven than serialized shows . However , some procedurals have more character emphasis than is typical of the format . Some may occasionally feature a storyline stretching over several episodes . A popular variant is the police procedural .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d6fac3356955bc59c42d60c5e0a003a", "text": "Allie Kingston Allegra `` Allie '' Kingston is a fictional character from the Australian television drama City Homicide , played by Nadia Townsend . She made her first screen appearance in the third season episode `` Meet & Greet '' , which was broadcast on 10 August 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0bea8bfb24d3881bca037cda37511d0b", "text": "Christine Lahti Christine Ann Lahti ( born April 4 , 1950 ) is an American actress . She was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for the 1984 film Swing Shift . Her other film roles include ... And Justice for All ( 1979 ) , Housekeeping ( 1987 ) , Running on Empty ( 1988 ) , and Leaving Normal ( 1992 ) . For her directorial debut with the 1995 short film Lieberman in Love , she won the Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film . Lahti made her Broadway debut in 1980 as a replacement in Loose Ends , and went on to star in the Broadway productions of Present Laughter ( 1982 ) and The Heidi Chronicles ( 1989 ) . An eight-time Golden Globe nominee and six-time Emmy Award nominee , she won a Golden Globe for the 1989 TV movie No Place Like Home , and won a Golden Globe and an Emmy in 1998 for her role as Kate Austin in the CBS series Chicago Hope ( 1995 -- 99 ) . She returned to Broadway in 2009 to star in God of Carnage . She also had a recurring role as Sonya Paxton in the NBC series Law and Order : Special Victims Unit ( 2009 -- 11 ) , as Doris McGarrett in the CBS series Hawaii Five-0 ( 2012 -- 16 ) , and Laurel Hitchin in NBC 's The Blacklist ( 2015 -- 17 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "54b34bde860f82c3d3efe616271f2f7a", "text": "DeGeneres DeGeneres is a surname . Notable people with the surname include : Betty DeGeneres ( born 1930 ) , mother of Ellen DeGeneres and American activist . Ellen DeGeneres ( born 1958 ) , American stand-up comedian , television hostess , and actress . Vance DeGeneres ( born 1954 ) , American actor , older brother of Ellen DeGeneres . Portia de Rossi , or Portia DeGeneres ( born 1973 ) , wife of Ellen DeGeneres and American actress .", "title": "" } ]	fever
b542deda01cb06d835e4961520e5f4a9	Destiny was made by Bungie.	[ { "docid": "75d633d28e7501e0c607097202f66211", "text": "Destiny (video game) Destiny is an online-only multiplayer first-person shooter video game developed by Bungie and published by Activision . It was released worldwide on September 9 , 2014 , for the PlayStation 3 , PlayStation 4 , Xbox 360 , and Xbox One consoles . Destiny marked Bungie 's first new console franchise since the Halo series , and it is the first game in a ten-year agreement between Bungie and Activision . Set in a `` mythic science fiction '' world , the game features a multiplayer `` shared-world '' environment with elements of role-playing games . Activities in Destiny are divided among player versus environment ( PvE ) and player versus player ( PvP ) game types . In addition to normal story missions , PvE features three-player `` strikes '' and six-player raids . A free roam patrol mode is also available for each planet and features public events . PvP features objective-based modes , as well as traditional deathmatch game modes . Players take on the role of a Guardian , protectors of Earth 's last safe city as they wield a power called Light to protect the City from different alien races . Guardians are tasked with reviving a celestial being called the Traveler , while journeying to different planets to investigate and destroy the alien threats before humanity is completely wiped out . Bungie released four expansion packs , furthering the story , and adding new content , missions , and new PvP modes . Year One of Destiny featured two small expansions , The Dark Below in December 2014 and House of Wolves in May 2015 . A third , larger expansion , The Taken King , was released in September 2015 and marked the beginning of Year Two , changing much of the core gameplay . In December 2015 , Destiny shifted to an event-based model , featuring more limited-time events . A new , large expansion called Rise of Iron was released in September 2016 , beginning Year Three . Rise of Iron was only released for the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One ; PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 clients subsequently stopped receiving updates . A full sequel , Destiny 2 , is scheduled for September 2017 . Upon its release , Destiny received mixed to positive reviews with criticism centered mostly around the game 's storyline and post-campaign content . The game was praised for maintaining lineage from the Halo franchise , particularly in regards to its competitive experiences . On day one of its release , it sold over US$ 500 million at retail , making it the biggest new franchise launch of all time . It was GamesRadar 's 2014 Game of the Year and it received the BAFTA Award for Best Game at the 2014 British Academy Video Games Awards .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "3f6c24ae89f2bcb82390b9b67e1ad503", "text": "List of Final Fantasy media Final Fantasy is a series of role-playing video games developed and published by Square Enix ( formerly Square ) . Its first game premiered in Japan in 1987 , and Final Fantasy games have subsequently been localized for markets in North America , Europe and Australia , on nearly every video game console since its debut on the Nintendo Entertainment System . Final Fantasy is Square Enix 's most successful franchise , having sold over 97 million units worldwide to date . In addition to traditional role-playing games , the series includes tactical role-playing games , portable games , massively multiplayer online role-playing games , and games for mobile phones . Its popularity has placed it as the sixth-best-selling video game franchise , and the series has won multiple awards over the years . In addition to the 15 games released as part of the main ( numbered ) series and their many spin-offs and related titles , the Final Fantasy series has spawned many works in other media including anime , movies , novels and manga , and radio dramas . Final Fantasy : Unlimited , originally a stand-alone anime series , now has its own sub-franchise which includes video games . Many games , particularly the main series , have soundtrack album releases featuring their music in different arrangements . Square Enix has also consistently released companion books for its games which provide additional backstory and plot information , as well as detailed walkthroughs for the game . Since the announcement of Compilation of Final Fantasy VII , Square Enix has focused on `` polymorphic content '' , expanding each game world with material on many video game platforms , as well as other forms of media .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2442919c15283120b7770493d2b082a4", "text": "List of Game of the Year awards Game of the Year ( abbreviated GotY ) is a title awarded by various gaming publications to a deserving game . Many publications award a single `` Game of the Year '' to a single title that they feel represents the pinnacle of gaming achievement that year . Many games will release a `` Game of the Year '' edition after winning any of these awards , usually containing all the updates , downloadable content ( DLC ) and occasionally other extras such as a soundtrack .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3c65bcab5f758c09c321425c1786a057", "text": "Chrono Trigger is a role-playing video game developed and published by Square ( now Square Enix ) for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System in 1995 . Chrono Triggers development team included three designers that Square dubbed the `` Dream Team '' : Hironobu Sakaguchi , the creator of Square 's Final Fantasy series ; Yuji Horii , a freelance designer and creator of Enix 's popular Dragon Quest series ; and Akira Toriyama , a freelance manga artist famed for his work with Dragon Quest and Dragon Ball . Kazuhiko Aoki produced the game , Masato Kato wrote most of the plot , while composer Yasunori Mitsuda scored most of the game before falling ill and deferring the remaining tracks to Final Fantasy series composer Nobuo Uematsu . The game 's story follows a group of adventurers who travel through time to prevent a global catastrophe . Square re-released a ported version by Tose in Japan for the PlayStation in 1999 , later repackaged with a Final Fantasy IV port as Final Fantasy Chronicles in 2001 for the North American market . A slightly enhanced Chrono Trigger , again ported by Tose , was released for the Nintendo DS on November 25 , 2008 , in North America and Japan , and went on sale in Australia on February 3 , 2009 , and in Europe on February 6 , 2009 . The game was never released in PAL territories before the Nintendo DS version . Chrono Trigger was a critical and commercial success upon release and is frequently cited as one of the best video games of all time . Nintendo Power magazine described aspects of Chrono Trigger as revolutionary , including its multiple endings , plot-related sidequests focusing on character development , unique battle system , and detailed graphics . Chrono Trigger was the third best-selling game of 1995 , and the game 's SNES and PlayStation iterations have shipped 2.65 million copies as of March 2003 . The version for the Nintendo DS sold 790,000 copies as of March 2009 . Chrono Trigger was also ported to i-mode mobile phones , Virtual Console , the PlayStation Network , iOS devices , and Android devices .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ef64862ffaf91638b4d6e96e3ce7684", "text": "Creation Engine The Creation Engine is a 3D video game engine created by Bethesda Game Studios based on the Gamebryo engine . The Creation Engine has been used to create role-playing video games , like The Elder Scrolls V : Skyrim including Special Edition ( Remastered Edition on consoles ) and Fallout 4 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1eb734bd5d2b1a2600ee60cbf8a45545", "text": "Myth: The Fallen Lords Myth : The Fallen Lords is a 1997 real-time tactics video game developed by Bungie for Microsoft Windows and Mac OS . Released in November 1997 in North America and in February 1998 in Europe , the game was published by Bungie in North America and by Eidos Interactive in Europe . At the time , Bungie was known primarily as developers of Mac games , and The Fallen Lords was the first game they had developed and released simultaneously for both PC and Mac . It is the first game in the Myth series , which also includes a sequel , Myth II : Soulblighter , set sixty years after the events of the first game , and also developed by Bungie , and a prequel , Myth III : The Wolf Age , set one thousand years prior to the events depicted in The Fallen Lords , and developed by MumboJumbo . The game tells the story of the battle between the forces of the `` Light '' and those of the `` Dark '' for control of an unnamed mythical land . The Dark are led by Balor and a group of lieutenants ( the titular Fallen Lords ) , whilst the Light are led by `` The Nine '' ; powerful sorcerers known as `` Avatara , '' chief amongst whom is Alric . The game begins in the seventeenth year of the war in the West , some fifty years since the rise of Balor , with the forces of Light on the brink of defeat ; almost the entire land is under the dominion of the Dark , with only one major city and a few smaller towns remaining under the control of the Light . The plot follows the activities of `` The Legion '' , an elite unit in the army of the Light , as they attempt to turn back the tide and defeat Balor . The Fallen Lords received positive reviews from critics , and is credited as a defining title in the fledging real-time tactics genre . Reviewers praised its plot , graphics , gameplay , level design , online multiplayer mode , and differentiation from traditional real-time strategy games . The most often criticized aspects were the difficulty of the single-player campaign , which many reviewers felt was far too high , even on the lowest setting , and some awkwardness in controlling units . The game went on to win multiple awards , including `` Strategy Game of the Year '' from both PC Gamer and Computer Gaming World , and `` Game of the Year '' from both Computer Games Strategy Plus and Macworld . It was also a commercial success , selling over 350,000 units worldwide across both systems , earning back roughly seven times its budget . At the time , it was Bungie 's most successful game , and served to bring them to the attention of PC gamers and , more specifically , Microsoft , who would purchase the company in 2000 . The Myth series as a whole , and Soulblighter in particular , supported an active online community for over a decade after the official servers went offline . The first formally organized group of volunteer-programmers was MythDevelopers , who were given access to the game 's source code by Bungie . The most recently active Myth development group is Project Magma , an offshoot of MythDevelopers . These groups have worked to provide ongoing technical support for the games , update them to newer operating systems , fix bugs , release unofficial patches , create mods , and maintain online servers for multiplayer gaming .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8f2818af46990b7560ddcd67a4237dcf", "text": "Space: 1889 Space : 1889 is a tabletop role-playing game of Victorian-era space-faring , created by Frank Chadwick and originally published by Game Designers ' Workshop from 1988 to 1991 and later reprinted by Heliograph , Inc. in 2000 and 2001 . In February 2013 Chronicle City announced that they were working with the German publisher Uhrwerk Verlag/Clockwork Publishing on a new English edition of Space 1889 , which is based on the German edition from 2011 which uses the Ubiquity ruleset . In December 2014 Uhrwerk Verlag separated their ties with Chronicle City and continued the translation of the new English version on their own . The PDF of the English Ubiquity core rulebook was released in October 2014 , the print version in November 2015 . The first published description of Space : 1889 was in the `` Feedback '' column in the TSR/SPI publication Ares Magazine in 1983 , as a proposal for a board wargame . The title is both a parody of the television show Space : 1999 and a continuation of the GDW naming convention applied to two of its previous role-playing games , Twilight : 2000 and Traveller : 2300 ( the latter of which was later renamed 2300 AD in order to prevent confusion with Traveller ) , though neither previous game had any connection to the Space : 1889 universe . The name Space : 1889 is a registered trademark belonging to Chadwick .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "01d1026face241c273a9973bfca88dc1", "text": "DeHackEd DeHackEd is an editor created by Greg Lewis for the executable of the original Doom that allows the operation of the executable to be changed . Version 3.1 , the last update of the program , was released on February 26 , 1997 . Hit points , sounds , frame sequences , text strings , and several other miscellaneous values can be changed . Modifications can be distributed in the form of DeHackEd `` patches '' which can be applied to the executable . At the time DeHackEd was released , Doom was a closed-source program , and thus to allow new features to be made available , the only choice was to patch the executable ( as opposed to being able to change the source , which can now be done since id Software has made public a release of the sources ) . The most common patches add fast monsters and weapons , player-seeking-self-detonating barrels , and so on . However , more balanced and artistic modifications can and have been made . Even though many advanced effects can be achieved with DeHackEd , it does not offer the complete flexibility that a custom source port can provide . Monster AI and armor classes are fixed for example . Older DeHackEd patches use a binary format of data to be applied to an executable file using the DeHackEd patching utility . Later versions of DeHackEd save their patches in a human-readable plain text format that can be edited with any text editor . Boom included the ability to load DeHackEd patches and effect changes to the game upon startup without any modification to the executable file . Other source ports added similar functionality , and command-line loadable DeHackEd support is now common with most modern source ports . Boom also provided the BEX ( Boom EXtended ) extensions for DeHackEd support . BEX allows greater flexibility in string editing , application of codepointers to any frame , and extra codepointers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "825f10cd66a1d507c801b6f952b1b08f", "text": "F.E.A.R. F.E.A.R. First Encounter Assault Recon is a survival horror first-person shooter video game developed by Monolith Productions and published by Sierra Entertainment . It was released on October 17 , 2005 , for Microsoft Windows , and ported by Day 1 Studios to the Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 . Timegate Studios has released two expansion packs , F.E.A.R. Extraction Point in October 2006 , and F.E.A.R. Perseus Mandate in November 2007 . A direct sequel titled F.E.A.R. 2 : Project Origin , was released in February 2009 , and a second sequel , F. 3 . A.R. , was released in June 2011 , though it was developed by Day 1 Studios ( now known as Wargaming Chicago-Baltimore ) , not by Monolith Productions . The game 's story revolves around a supernatural phenomenon , which F.E.A.R. -- a fictional special forces team -- is called to contain . The player assumes the role of F.E.A.R. 's Point Man , who possesses superhuman reflexes , and must uncover the secrets of a paranormal menace in the form of a little girl . F.E.A.R. was well received by critics , scoring 89 % on GameRankings , and The New York Times calling it `` as thrilling and involving as Half-Life . '' A `` Director 's Edition '' DVD version of the game was also released . The DVD included a `` Making of '' documentary , a director 's commentary , a short live-action prequel and the exclusive first episode of the promotional P.A.N.I.C.S. machinima . A related Dark Horse comic book was also packaged with the DVD . Along with the Director 's Edition , F.E.A.R. Gold Edition was released . Gold Edition included the Director 's Edition and Extraction Point . F.E.A.R. Platinum Edition features the original game and two expansion packs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dcdc0170c885526ed3707bf96422fc25", "text": "Halo: Reach Halo : Reach is a first-person shooter video game developed by Bungie and published by Microsoft Game Studios for the Xbox 360 home video game console . The sixth installment in the Halo series , Reach was released worldwide in September 2010 . The game takes place in the year 2552 , where humanity is locked in a war with the alien Covenant . Players control Noble Six , a member of an elite supersoldier squad , when the human world known as Reach falls under Covenant attack . After releasing Halo 3 in 2007 , Bungie split into teams to develop two different games -- what would become Halo 3 : ODST and Reach . The developers decided to create a prequel to the original Halo game trilogy , freeing themselves from the obligation of addressing old story threads . As the game would take place on a human world doomed to be destroyed , they focused on making the environment a character unto itself . Longtime Halo composers Martin O'Donnell and Michael Salvatori returned to compose Reachs music , aiming for a more somber sound to match the story . Reach was announced at the Electronic Entertainment Expo 2009 in Los Angeles , California , and the first in-engine trailer was shown at the 2009 Spike Video Game Awards . Players who purchased ODST were eligible to participate in a Reach multiplayer beta in May 2010 ; the beta allowed Bungie to gain player feedback for fixing bugs and making gameplay tweaks before shipping the final version . Microsoft gave Reach its biggest game marketing budget yet and created award-winning live-action commercials , action figures , and interactive media to promote the game . The game grossed US$ 200 million on its launch day , setting a new record for the franchise . Reach sold well in most territories , moving more than three million units its first month in North America . Critical reception was positive ; reviewers from publications such as GamePro , IGN , and Official Xbox Magazine called it the best Halo title yet . Critics generally praised the game 's graphics and sound , but the plot and characters were less positively received . Reach was Bungie 's final Halo game ; subsequent games have been overseen by Microsoft subsidiary 343 Industries .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c9598f666c5f7a1250a375d38be87521", "text": "Final Fantasy XIII is a science fiction role-playing video game developed and published by Square Enix for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 consoles and later for the Microsoft Windows operating system . Released in Japan in December 2009 and worldwide in March 2010 , it is the thirteenth title in the mainline Final Fantasy series . The game includes fast-paced combat , a new system for the series for determining which abilities are developed for the characters called `` Crystarium '' , and a customizable `` Paradigm '' system to control which abilities are used by the characters . Final Fantasy XIII includes elements from the previous games in the series , such as summoned monsters , chocobos , and airships . The game takes place in the fictional floating world of Cocoon , whose government , the Sanctum , is ordering a purge of civilians who have supposedly come into contact with Pulse , the much-feared world below . The former soldier Lightning begins her fight against the government in order to save her sister who has been branded as an unwilling servant to a god-like being from Pulse , making her an enemy of Cocoon . Lightning is soon joined by a band of allies , and together the group also become marked by the same Pulse creature . They rally against the Sanctum while trying to discover their assigned task and whether they can avoid being turned into monsters or crystals at the completion . Development began in 2004 , and the game was first announced at Electronic Entertainment Expo ( E3 ) 2006 . Final Fantasy XIII is the flagship title of the Fabula Nova Crystallis collection of Final Fantasy games and is the first game to use Square Enix 's Crystal Tools engine . Final Fantasy XIII received mostly positive reviews from video game publications , which praised the game 's graphics , presentation , and battle system . The game 's story received a mixed response from reviewers , and its linearity compared to previous games in the series was mostly criticized . Selling 1.7 million copies in Japan in 2009 , Final Fantasy XIII became the fastest-selling title in the history of the series . As of January 2013 , the game has sold over 6.6 million copies worldwide . The Microsoft Windows version has sold over 700,000 copies according to SteamSpy . A sequel , titled Final Fantasy XIII-2 , was released in December 2011 in Japan and in February 2012 in North America and PAL regions . A second sequel , titled Lightning Returns : Final Fantasy XIII , which concludes Lightning 's story and the Final Fantasy XIII saga , was released in November 2013 in Japan and in February 2014 in North America and PAL regions . In September 2014 , Square Enix announced the Final Fantasy XIII series has been widely successful and has shipped over 11 million copies worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6fcd357bd9830d1131c769cba9114f46", "text": "Unreal (1998 video game) Unreal is a first-person shooter video game developed by Epic MegaGames , Digital Extremes , and Legend Entertainment and published by GT Interactive in April 1998 . It was powered by an original game engine that now bears the game 's name , and had been in development for over three years in founder Tim Sweeney 's garage before the game was released . Since the release of Unreal , the franchise has had one sequel and two different series based on the Unreal universe . One official bonus pack , the Epic-released Fusion Map Pack , can be downloaded free of charge . Unreal Mission Pack : Return to Na Pali was released in June 1999 , and added 17 new missions to the single player campaign of Unreal . Unreal and Return to Na Pali would later be bundled together as Unreal Gold . Additionally , the games were updated to run on the Unreal Tournament version of the game engine .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "045b7bee165e77f69f0b159f04158953", "text": "Bloodbath of B-R5RB The Bloodbath of B-R5RB or the Battle of B-R5RB was a massive-scale virtual battle fought in the MMORPG space game Eve Online , and was possibly the largest player versus player battle in history . Pitting the Clusterfuck Coalition and Russian alliances ( CFC/Rus ) against N3 and Pandemic Legion ( N3/PL ) , the 21-hour-long conflict involved over 7,548 player characters overall and a maximum of 2,670 players in the B-R5RB system at one time . The in-game cost of the losses totalled over 11 trillion InterStellar Kredit ( ISK ) , an estimated theoretical real-world value of $ 300,000 to $ 330,000 USD . This theoretical value is derived from PLEX , an item purchasable with real currency that can be redeemed either for subscription time or traded for in-game currency . Part of a larger conflict known as the Halloween War , the fight started after a single player controlling a space station in the star system B-R5RB accidentally failed to make a scheduled in-game routine maintenance payment which made the system ( a key staging area used by N3/PL in the war ) highly vulnerable to capture . The CFC and Russian coalitions began pouring players into the system in a swift offensive , and N3/PL moved in a large fleet of players as a response as well . A massive battle erupted in the system and numerous smaller engagements occurred throughout the game universe as players attempted to block reinforcements from joining the battle . CFC/Rus gained a clear win by inflicting heavy losses on N3/PL and successfully capturing B-R5RB . The losses totalled 576 Capital-class ships including 75 Titans ( the largest ships available to players ) , along with thousands of smaller vessels . To commemorate the sheer size and cost of the battle , the game 's creators , CCP Games , erected a permanent monument in the system B-R5RB named `` The Titanomachy '' , consisting of non-salvageable capital ship wrecks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d1ba067ba8356479f16c450291d67a15", "text": "System Reference Document The System Reference Document ( SRD ) is a set of reference role playing game mechanics licensed under the Open Game License by Wizards of the Coast ( or WotC ) and based upon their Dungeons and Dragons role-playing game . The SRD forms the basis of WotC 's various d20 System role-playing games , including the d20 System itself , d20 Modern and d20 Future . The SRD is also the basis for role-playing games published by companies other than WotC ; these include Mutants & Masterminds , Arcana Evolved , Labyrinth Lord , and OSRIC , among others . Some other game systems ( such as FATE ) have also released their own mechanics under OGL-licensed `` System Reference Documents '' of their own ; however , this article discusses specifically the d20 SRD .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "41eccdb9749eac8bf51ac2555c6f561d", "text": "Infinity (upcoming video game) Infinity is the postponed massively multiplayer online space simulation video game originally intended to be the first game built on the I-Novae engine by I-Novae Studios . While the I-Novae engine has been in development since 2004 ( as a personal project until 2010 ) , development of Infinity never started . In Infinity , the player controls a spacecraft and travels throughout a galaxy trying to make a name for themselves . Players will be able to connect to an online server on which large numbers of other people are playing in a persistent world . A pre-alpha combat prototype was launched in 2006 and a tech demo video was released in 2010 . In 2013 , the development team announced the postponement of Infinity the MMO and a new plan to fund Infinity : Battlescape , a space combat game , through Kickstarter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "00a47f45a8903ab372e4f8938ed1c815", "text": "List of accolades received by BioShock Infinite BioShock Infinite is a first-person shooter video game developed by Irrational Games and published by 2K Games . Players assume control of Booker DeWitt ( Troy Baker ) , who is sent to rescue Elizabeth ( Courtnee Draper ) from her captivity on the floating air city of Columbia . The game 's development was led by creative director Ken Levine . The game was officially announced on August 12 , 2010 , and was widely anticipated . At the Spike Video Game Awards , it was nominated Most Anticipated Game three times . Following its previews at the Electronic Entertainment Expo , the game won numerous awards , including Best of Show from several gaming publications . It was released worldwide on March 26 , 2013 for Microsoft Windows , PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 . Review aggregator Metacritic assigned the game a normalized score of 94 out of 100 , indicating `` universal acclaim '' , based on 27 and 68 reviews for the Windows and PlayStation 3 versions , respectively ; the Xbox 360 version received 93 out of 100 based on 33 reviews . Within four months of its release , BioShock Infinite sold approximately four million copies , and eleven million by June 2015 . BioShock Infinite garnered awards and nominations in a variety of categories with particular praise for its music , story , visual design , characters , and the acting of its cast . At the 17th Annual DICE Awards , the game received six nominations and went on to win two awards : Action Game of the Year , and Outstanding Achievement in Original Music Composition . The game earned four nominations at the 10th British Academy Video Games Awards , winning Original Music . At IGN 's Best of 2013 , the game garnered twenty nominations and went on to win nine awards , including Best Overall Shooter Game and Best Overall Graphics for Art Design . At the 14th Annual Game Developers Choice Awards , BioShock Infinite won Best Audio and Best Visual Art . The game received nine nominations at the Spike VGX , winning Best Shooter , Best Song in a Game and Character of the Year . At the National Academy of Video Game Trade Reviewers Awards , the game received eleven nominations , with Courtnee Draper winning Supporting Performance in a Drama . The game appeared on several year-end lists of the best games of 2013 , receiving Game of the Year wins from the Associated Press , CNN , Electronic Gaming Monthly , Entertainment Weekly , Forbes , and Games .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ccf13f8adcca60bf96d9eb8095128661", "text": "The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim The Elder Scrolls V : Skyrim is an open world action role-playing video game developed by Bethesda Game Studios and published by Bethesda Softworks . It is the fifth main installment in The Elder Scrolls series , following The Elder Scrolls IV : Oblivion , and was released worldwide for Microsoft Windows , PlayStation 3 , and Xbox 360 on November 11 , 2011 . The game 's main story revolves around the player character and their quest to defeat Alduin the World-Eater , a dragon who is prophesied to destroy the world . The game is set two hundred years after the events of Oblivion , and takes place in the fictional province of Skyrim . Over the course of the game , the player completes quests and develops the character by improving skills . The game continues the open world tradition of its predecessors by allowing the player to travel anywhere in the game world at any time , and to ignore or postpone the main storyline indefinitely . Skyrim was developed using the Creation Engine , rebuilt specifically for the game . The team opted for a unique and more diverse game world than Oblivions Imperial Provence of Cyrodiil , which game director and executive producer Todd Howard considered less interesting by comparison . The game was released to critical acclaim , with reviewers particularly mentioning the character development and setting , and is considered to be one of the greatest video games of all time . The game shipped over seven million copies to retailers within the first week of its release , and sold over 30 million copies across all platforms . Three downloadable content ( DLC ) add-ons were released -- Dawnguard , Hearthfire , and Dragonborn -- which were repackaged into The Elder Scrolls V : Skyrim -- Legendary Edition , which was released in June 2013 . The Elder Scrolls V : Skyrim -- Special Edition , a remastered version of the game , was released for Windows , Xbox One , and PlayStation 4 in October 2016 , which includes all three DLC expansions and a minor graphical upgrade , along with additional features such as modding capabilities on consoles . A port for the Nintendo Switch is planned for release in 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dbe5cbcadee4921477a75c09f9e4a61b", "text": "Star of the Guardians Star of the Guardians is a series of fantasy novels by Margaret Weis . The series consists of several volumes : The Lost King King 's Test King 's Sacrifice Ghost Legion The Knights of the Black Earth ( 1995 ) , ISBN 0-451-45425-1 Robot Blues ( 1996 ) , ISBN 0-451-45581-9 Hung Out ( 1998 ) , ISBN 0-451-45618-1 Star of the Guardians is a series of four science fiction / space opera novels written by Margaret Weis without assistance from usual co-author Tracy Hickman . The original trilogy , The Lost King , King 's Test and King 's Sacrifice , concerns Dion 's adventures and eventual rise to the throne . A few years later , Margaret Weis realized that , while Dion had achieved his goals , the main characters of the series ( sundered lovers Sagan and Maigrey ) had not achieved peace , and penned the fourth book , Ghost Legion . She has since completed a trilogy of spin-offs concerning the mercenary team Mag Force 7 introduced in King 's Sacrifice . Based originally on The Magnificent Seven , the team developed a much more varied membership just in time to star in their own novels : The Knights of the Black Earth , Robot Blues and Hung Out . Weis and Don Perrin released a collectible card game under the name `` Mag Force 7 '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "55b693ab78514ba93b9faae19d74edf7", "text": "Destiny Worldwide Records Destiny Worldwide Records ( often stylized as dW Records or DW Records ) is an independent record label based in Monroe , Washington , USA .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fd46bf2df98e8ee392e14d6b9536e768", "text": "Dawn of Destiny Dawn of Destiny is a German power metal band from Bochum , Germany which incorporates elements of thrash , gothic and death metal . As of 2012 , Dawn of Destiny has released four studio albums .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18d33ed350690675d5e265ef878ea3af", "text": "Vampire Destiny Vampire Destiny is the fourth and final trilogy in The Saga of Darren Shan by author Darren Shan . The trilogy included The Lake of Souls , Lord of the Shadows and Sons of Destiny . This series goes more in depth on the Lord of Shadows and the future where he rules , and Harkat 's secrets of his past life are finally revealed .", "title": "" } ]	fever
3f93481f23b14182ca78e3db08e0e5ac	Imperium (2016 film) is a British film.	[ { "docid": "0c24c27b459d8fc0440ae7501e05166e", "text": "Imperium (2016 film) Imperium is a 2016 American thriller film , written and directed by Daniel Ragussis , from a story by Michael German . The film stars Daniel Radcliffe , Toni Collette , Tracy Letts , Nestor Carbonell , and Sam Trammell . The film was released on August 19 , 2016 in a limited release and through video on demand by Lionsgate Premiere .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "da106573fbb7e2da01294c803954d891", "text": "Allied (film) Allied is a 2016 romantic thriller film directed by Robert Zemeckis and written by Steven Knight . It stars Brad Pitt as a Canadian intelligence officer and Marion Cotillard as a French Resistance fighter and collaborator , who fall in love during a mission in Casablanca . Jared Harris , Simon McBurney and Lizzy Caplan also star . Principal photography began in February 2016 in London . The film was released in the United States on November 23 , 2016 by Paramount Pictures , receiving mixed reviews from critics , although Pitt and particularly Cotillard 's performances were praised , and grossed $ 119 million worldwide . It received an Academy Award nomination for Best Costume Design .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "437dfc085a0511bf6d7b7e5e7435752b", "text": "Fish Tank (film) Fish Tank is a 2009 British drama film written and directed by Andrea Arnold . The film is about Mia Williams , a volatile and socially isolated 15-year-old who lives with her single mother , Joanne . The mother 's new boyfriend , Conor , becomes attracted to Mia and has sex with her . Fish Tank was well-received and won the Jury Prize at the 2009 Cannes Film Festival . It also won the 2010 BAFTA for Best British Film . It was filmed in the Mardyke Estate in Havering , the town of Tilbury , and the A13 , and funded by BBC Films and the UK Film Council . The film was theatrically released on 11 September 2009 by Curzon Artificial Eye .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a0b813faaff83452ca7dd7cf6e2b7169", "text": "Odeon Cinemas Odeon is a cinema company operating in the United Kingdom and Ireland , which along with UCI Cinemas is part of the Odeon Cinemas Group . It uses the famous name of the Odeon cinema circuit first introduced in Britain in 1930 . The first Odeon cinema was opened by Oscar Deutsch in 1928 , in Brierley , Staffordshire , although initially called `` Picture House '' . The first cinema to use the Odeon brand name was Deutsch 's cinema at Perry Barr , Birmingham in 1930 . Ten years later Odeon was part of the Rank Organisation who continued their ownership of the circuit for a further sixty years . Through a number of sales and acquisitions in the early 2000s the company was purchased by Terra Firma , which merged Odeon and UCI Cinemas to form Odeon UCI Cinemas Group . Most UCI cinemas then took the Odeon brand name in 2006 . Terra Firma sold the company to AMC Theatres in November 2016 . In 2016 , Odeon was the largest cinema chain in the United Kingdom by market share ( although the Irish cinemas were also included within this figure ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7d035fb5c0732bcafd2298892cd5426a", "text": "Privilege (film) Privilege is a 1967 British film directed by Peter Watkins and produced by John Heyman . Johnny Speight wrote the story , and Norman Bogner wrote the script . Some of it was filmed on location in Birmingham , England , partly at Birmingham City F.C. 's St Andrew 's stadium and at Birmingham Town Hall .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6be37a6f6b81de2fac99917a6da7ff9c", "text": "Outpost (film) Outpost is a 2008 British horror film , directed by Steve Barker and written by Rae Brunton , about a rough group of experienced mercenaries who find themselves fighting for their lives after being hired to take a mysterious businessman into the woods to locate a World War II-era military bunker .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "315c7bf7a45dc7a22cd20418d9fb7796", "text": "Beyond Citizen Kane Beyond Citizen Kane ( 1993 ) is a British documentary film directed by Simon Hartog , produced by John Ellis , and first broadcast on Channel 4 . It details the dominant position of the Rede Globo media group , the largest in Brazil , and discusses the group 's influence , power , and political connections . Globo 's president and founder Roberto Marinho was criticised and compared to the fictional newspaper tycoon Charles Foster Kane , created by Orson Welles for the 1941 film Citizen Kane . According to the documentary , Marinho 's media group engages in manipulation of news to influence public opinion . Rede Globo objected to the film 's position and tried to buy Brazilian rights , but Hartog had already made agreements to give non-TV rights to political and cultural groups in Brazil . While it is often claimed in Brazil that exhibiting the documentary in Brazil was forbidden by the justice , John Ellis claims that there are no legal restrictions in place , but the documentary ca n't be broadcast on TV in Brazil since it contains large sections of footage owned by Globo . However , copies sold in Britain reached Brazil in the 1990s and circulated widely there . In addition , since the Internet boom of the early 21st century , the film has been released on sharing networks and had hundreds of thousands of views , as measured on YouTube and Google Video .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0c97cfb845c1f466d300a36c0b54caa0", "text": "Precious Cargo (film) Precious Cargo is a 2016 Canadian action film directed by Max Adams , co-written by Adams and Paul V. Seetachitt , and starring Mark-Paul Gosselaar and Bruce Willis , alongside a supporting cast featuring Claire Forlani , John Brotherton , Lydia Hull , and Daniel Bernhardt . The film was released on April 22 , 2016 , by Lionsgate Premiere .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa6e9c8487342b7db1fdcd2454aa3ebd", "text": "BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language The BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language is given annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts and presented at the British Academy Film Awards . The award was first given at the 36th British Academy Film Awards , recognising the films of 1982 , and until 1990 was known as the BAFTA Award for Best Foreign Film . Prior to this , films recorded in a language other than English were often recognised in the category BAFTA Award for Best Film , known between 1949 and 1969 as Best Film from any Source . In the following lists , the titles and names in bold with a dark grey background are the winners and recipients respectively ; those not in bold are the nominees . The years given are those in which the films under consideration were released , not the year of the ceremony , which always takes place the following year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fe040bb2024ec929deedf9ddb0b793d7", "text": "Brum (TV series) Brum ( -LSB- ˈbrʌm -RSB- ) is a British children 's television series about the adventures of a small , artificially intelligent , self-driven car . Set in Birmingham , England and produced by Ragdoll Productions , Brum was first broadcast in 1991 and the last live action series was broadcast in 2002 . It was initially directed , written and produced by Anne Wood and initially narrated by Toyah Willcox . The show was first aired on BBC One , and also aired in the United States on Discovery Family , and on ABC in Australia ( 6 October 1993 -- 26 December 2008 ) . A new CGI-animated series , aimed at young pre-school children , was produced in 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "922c558af89b1942ce5c8daaf004da97", "text": "Opiate Films Opiate Films ( or ` Opiate of the People Films ' ) was created in 2000 in reaction to the British film industry 's output of very little other than period and gangster films . Running as more of a collective of filmmakers , rather than a formal company , it took 3 years for the company to raise the capital to buy its own equipment , members are now free to create films , music promos and TV shows of their own devising , whether live-action , animated , CGI-heavy or musical . With 15 members who work on films regularly , and around 25 members who pitch in occasionally , it is one of the fastest growing film companies in the UK , and the only one to work in its unique way . Members are not picked because of impressive CVs or previous experience , but of excitement and enthusiasm for film . Some come burdened with ideas , looking for an outlet , whilst others have a particular field they want to work in . Either way , nobody is turned down if they are willing to pitch in , whether helping on other people 's films , or providing their own ideas . The first film to find success was the 2005 short film `` Early Retirement '' which screened at the Cannes Film Festival . It was written and produced by Paul Cannon , a gifted filmmaker who died in May 2007 Since that success , another short has screened in Cannes , not to mention over 30 films seen at festivals since 2003 . Opiate of the People films have also completed three feature films , the latest of which is Simon & Emily", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bc33d4ecc038ded10dc518897f6ba42a", "text": "The Journey (2016 film) The Journey is a 2016 British-Irish drama film directed by Nick Hamm and written by Colin Bateman . The film tells the true story of how political enemies , Ian Paisley and Martin McGuinness , formed an unlikely friendship and changed the course of history . It stars Timothy Spall , Colm Meaney , Freddie Highmore , John Hurt , Toby Stephens , and Ian Beattie .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3306117aa28a9631077b9ff43cfdd38a", "text": "'71 (film) '71 is a 2014 British historical thriller film set in Northern Ireland , written by Gregory Burke and directed by Yann Demange . It stars Jack O'Connell , Sean Harris , David Wilmot , Richard Dormer , Paul Anderson and Charlie Murphy , and tells the story of a British soldier who becomes separated from his unit during a riot in Belfast at the height of the Troubles in 1971 . Filming began on location in Blackburn , Lancashire , in April 2013 and continued in Sheffield and Liverpool . The film was funded by the British Film Institute , Film4 , Creative Scotland and Screen Yorkshire . The film had its premiere in the competition section of the 64th Berlin International Film Festival , held in February 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e2608087c4daf68ddf10a39b3608990a", "text": "Despite the Falling Snow (film) Despite the Falling Snow is a 2016 British Cold War espionage film directed by Shamim Sarif , adapted from her novel of the same name . Starring Rebecca Ferguson , Charles Dance , Oliver Jackson-Cohen , Antje Traue , Sam Reid , Anthony Head and Thure Lindhardt the film was released in the United Kingdom on April 15 , 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18a75c5ad0c17a861ba966e0fbe71d59", "text": "BAFTA Award for Best Film The BAFTA Award for Best Film is given annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts and presented at the British Academy Film Awards . It has been given since the 1st BAFTA Awards , representing the best films of 1947 , but until 1969 it was called the BAFTA Award for Best Film From Any Source . It is possible for films from any country to be nominated , although British films are also recognised in the category BAFTA Award for Best British Film and ( since 1983 ) foreign-language films in BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language . As such , there have been multiple occasions of a film being nominated in two of these categories . There has been one tie for the Best Film award when , in 1962 , Ballad of a Soldier tied with The Hustler for Best Film from any Source . Until 1981 , the award was given to the director , except in 1976 and 1977 , when it was given to the producers . From 1981 to 1985 , it was given solely to the producers , and then in 1986 , it was shared between the Director and Producer . In 1998 , it was once again given to only the producers . In the following lists , the titles and names in bold with a dark grey background are the winners and recipients respectively ; those not in bold are the nominees . The years given are those in which the films under consideration were released , not the year of the ceremony , which always takes place the following year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6bf87cce54f5778d336352a0580eb924", "text": "Bastille Day (film) Bastille Day ( released as The Take in North America and on international home release ) is a 2016 action film directed and co-written by James Watkins . It is a Luxembourgian , French and American venture produced by Anonymous Content , Vendôme Pictures , TF1 Films Production and StudioCanal . The film stars Idris Elba , Richard Madden , Charlotte Le Bon , Eriq Ebouaney and José Garcia . The film was released in the United Kingdom on 22 April 2016 and 13 July 2016 in France , and on 18 November 2016 in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "70e38c247af90cc27f22849d86c77828", "text": "Geography of London London is the largest urban area and capital city of the United Kingdom , located in southeastern Great Britain . The London region covers an area of 1579 km2 , and had a population of 7,172,036 in 2001 and a population density of 4,542 people per square kilometre . A larger area , referred to as the London Metropolitan Region or the London Metropolitan Agglomeration covers an area of 8382 km2 , and had a population of 12,653,500 and a population density of 1,510 people per square kilometre . London is a port on the Thames ( see main article Port of London ) , a navigable river . The river has had a major influence on the development of the city . London began on the Thames ' north bank and for a long time the main focus of the city remained on the north side of the Thames . For many centuries London Bridge was the only bridge in or close to the city . When more bridges were built in the 18th century , the city expanded in all directions as the mostly flat or gently rolling countryside presented no obstacle to growth .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7dcb31d030ed15ac3efcf4c09507ab7b", "text": "Deadman Apocalypse Deadman Apocalypse is a 2016 science fiction film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "048998534d17fc08472e6a2f36c6b9c2", "text": "Film and Music Entertainment Film and Music Entertainment is a British film production company based in London UK . The company was founded by Mike Downey and Sam Taylor in 2000 and has since produced films such as Guy X and Deathwatch to name a few .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1794607c304f64b935b4f954b4c7a3f5", "text": "Hyena (2014 film) Hyena is a 2014 British film described as a `` police corruption thriller '' . written and directed by Gerard Johnson .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b61a7c2ef4e4de2686cd9f21b8c2c091", "text": "2016 in film 2016 in film is an overview of events , including the highest-grossing films , award ceremonies , festivals , and a list of films released and deaths .", "title": "" } ]	fever
d20067638aac34523b65a995e7737fa8	Vlad the Impaler's father and brother died.	[ { "docid": "9f5104264188c22ccb35158626423eb3", "text": "Vlad the Impaler Vlad III , known as Vlad the Impaler ( Vlad Țepeș -LSB- pronˈvlad_ˈțepeș -RSB- ) or Vlad Dracula ( 1428/311476/77 ) , was voivode ( or prince ) of Wallachia three times between 1448 and his death . He was the second son of Vlad Dracul , who became the ruler of Wallachia in 1436 . Vlad and his younger brother , Radu , were held as hostages in the Ottoman Empire from 1442 to secure their father 's loyalty . Vlad 's father and eldest brother , Mircea , were murdered after John Hunyadi , Regent-Governor of Hungary , invaded Wallachia in 1447 . Hunyadi installed Vlad 's second cousin , VladislavII , as the new voivode . Hunyadi launched a military campaign against the Ottomans in the autumn of 1448 , and Vladislav accompanied him . Vlad broke into Wallachia with Ottoman support in October , but Vladislav returned and Vlad sought refuge in the Ottoman Empire before the end of the year . Vlad went to Moldavia in 1449 or 1450 , and later to Hungary . He invaded Wallachia with Hungarian support in 1456 . Vladislav died fighting against him . Vlad began a purge among the Wallachian boyars to strengthen his position . He came into conflict with the Transylvanian Saxons , who supported his opponents , Dan and Basarab Laiotă ( who were Vladislav 's brothers ) , and Vlad 's illegitimate half-brother , Vlad the Monk . Vlad plundered the Saxon villages , taking the captured people to Wallachia where he had them impaled ( which gave rise to his cognomen ) . Peace was restored in 1460 . The Ottoman Sultan , Mehmed II , ordered Vlad to pay homage to him personally , but Vlad had the sultan 's two envoys captured and impaled . In February 1462 , he broke into Ottoman territory , massacring tens of thousands of Turks and Bulgarians . Mehmed launched a campaign against Wallachia to replace Vlad with Vlad 's younger brother , Radu . Vlad attempted to capture the sultan at Târgovişte during the night of 1617June 1462 . The sultan and the main Ottoman army left Wallachia , but more and more Wallachians deserted to Radu . Vlad went to Transylvania to seek assistance from Matthias Corvinus , King of Hungary , in late 1462 , but Corvinus had him imprisoned . Vlad was held in captivity in Visegrád from 1463 to 1475 . During this period , anecdotes about his cruelty started to spread in Germany and Italy . He was released at the request of Stephen III of Moldavia in the summer of 1475 . He fought in Corvinus 's army against the Ottomans in Bosnia in early 1476 . Hungarian and Moldavian troops helped him to force Basarab Laiotă ( who had dethroned Vlad 's brother , Radu ) to flee from Wallachia in November . Basarab returned with Ottoman support before the end of the year . Vlad was murdered before 10January 1477 . Books describing Vlad 's cruel acts were among the first bestsellers in the German-speaking territories . In Russia , popular stories suggested that Vlad was able to strengthen central government only through applying brutal punishments , and a similar view was adopted by most Romanian historians in the 19th century . Vlad 's reputation for cruelty and his patronymic gave rise to the name of the vampire Count Dracula in Bram Stoker 's 1897 novel Dracula .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "271c104aec2acc022a6b452baddcb6e0", "text": "Simeon of Moscow Simeon Ivanovich Gordiy ( the Proud ) ( Семён Иванович Гордый in Russian ) ( 7 November 1316 -- 27 April 1353 ) was Prince of Moscow and Grand Prince of Vladimir . Simeon continued his father 's policies aimed to increase the power and prestige of his state . Simeon 's rule was marked by regular military and political standoffs against the Novgorod Republic and Lithuania . His relationships with neighboring Russian principalities remained peaceful if not passive : Simeon stayed aside from conflicts between subordinate princes . He had recourse to war only when war was unavoidable . A relatively quiet period for Moscow was ended by the Black Death that claimed the lives of Simeon and his sons in 1353 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "83b35cbe99c5ec5e9fb00aab44c6a1a7", "text": "Vlad cel Tânăr Vlad V cel Tânăr ( Vlad V the Younger or `` Vladuț '' ; 1494 -- 23 January 1512 ) was the Prince of Wallachia ( 1510 -- 1512 ) . He took the throne from Mircea III Dracul on 8 April 1510 with the help of Mehmet the Ottoman and with the support of the Craiovești family . In exchange , the prince vowed protection to Mehmet and his family and Parvu Craiovescu , member of the Craiovești family , became the head of the Divan of Wallachia . Parvu was then followed by Danciu and in 1511 , by Bogdan , the Prince 's brother-in-law . On 17 August 1511 , Vlad signed the treaty with the Hungarian King , in which he swore allegiance to the crown . At the time , the head of the divan was Bogdan , and not the Craiovești family , which although it caused anger to the boyars , still remained faithful to the Prince . The Craiovești proved their faithfulness on the 28th of November when , they helped repel Mircea , son of Mihnea take over the throne using the magyar army at Gherghița . After November however , Vlad and the Craiovești had a fallout . The boyars , accustomed to being in the head of the state , were envious of Bogdan 's authority . Moreover , Vlad suspected Neagoe , the son of Parvu Craiovescu of wanting to become the Prince of Wallachia . As a result , the boyars left Vlad and crossed the Danube to Mehmet . With his help , the Ottoman army and the Craiovești pretender started marching to Bucharest . At Văcărești , the battle was lost for Vlad and he was taken prisoner . On 23 January 1512 , Vlad V cel Tânăr was decapitated under a pear tree in Bucharest .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "27e5e713e1cca17e4ae656d89a974c38", "text": "Grand Duke Vladimir Kirillovich of Russia Vladimir Kirillovich , Grand Duke of Russia ( Cyrillic : Влади́мир Кири́ллович Рома́нов ; 21 April 1992 ) was the Head of the Imperial Family of Russia , a position which he claimed from 1938 to his death .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5ce24dcde5e8177ac691e0125ec8ac9c", "text": "Poenari Castle Poenari Castle ( -LSB- po.eˈnarʲ -RSB- ) , also known as Poenari Citadel ( Cetatea Poenari in Romanian ) , is a ruined castle in Romania , notable for its connection to Vlad III the Impaler . Access to the citadel is made by climbing the 1,480 concrete stairs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "05b9d38af580dd52926cf4286c72aeab", "text": "Ernak Ernak was the last ruler of the Huns , and the third son of Attila . After Attila 's death in 453 AD , his Empire crumbled and its remains were ruled by his three sons , Ellac , Dengizich and Ernak . He succeeded his older brother Ellac in 454 AD , and probably ruled simultaneously over Huns in dual kingship with his brother Dengizich , but in separate divisions in separate lands . Priscus during his stay at Attila 's court in 448 or 449 AD , recorded a personal occasion between Attila and Ernak . At a banquet Attila looked on him with serene eyes , while took small account of his other sons . He was Attila 's favorite son , because as a certain Hun explained to him , the prophets ( probably shamans ) prophesied his genos would fail , but would be restored by this son . Ernak has often been identified with Irnik from the Nominalia of the Bulgarian khans , who is noted as descendant of the Dulo clan and leader of the Bulgars for 150 years starting approximately from 437 AD .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fa291bf06819fa1905f633d318b7317f", "text": "Vladikavkaz Vladikavkaz ( -LSB- Владикавка́з , p = vlədʲɪkɐˈfkas -RSB- , lit . ruler of the Caucasus ; -LSB- Дзæуджыхъæу , r = Dzæudžyqæu , p = ˈd͡zæwd͡ʒəqæw -RSB- , lit . Dzaug 's settlement ) is the capital city of the Republic of North Ossetia -- Alania , Russia . It is located in the southeast of the republic at the foothills of the Caucasus Mountains , situated on the Terek River . Population : Vladikavkaz is one of the most populous cities in the North Caucasus . The city is an industrial and transportation center . Manufactures include processed zinc and lead , machinery , chemicals , clothing , and food products .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da05725384512dc75bcd022310539cdf", "text": "Maria Voichița Doamna Maria Voichița ( 1457 -- 26 February 1511 ) was a Princess consort of Moldavia ( 1480 -- 1511 ) , daughter of Radu III the Handsome and a niece of Vlad the Impaler . She was regarded to have an influence upon the policy of her spouse , Prince Stephen III of Moldavia , whom she married in 1478 . Her son Bogdan III the One-Eyed was Voivode of Moldavia too . She is buried in the Putna Monastery , Romania .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da4594948d6ce654a98d39a179f55ca7", "text": "George I of Imereti George I ( გიორგი I , Giorgi I ) ( died 1392 ) , of the Bagrationi dynasty , was king of western Georgian kingdom of Imereti from 1389 to 1392 . George was born sometime after 1358 into the family of Bagrat I , then duke ( and ex-king ) of Imereti , and his wife , of the Jaqeli family of Samtskhe . He succeeded as king of Imereti on the death of his elder brother , Alexander I , who had proclaimed himself king in opposition to King Bagrat V of Georgia during Timur 's invasion of the country . Unlike his predecessor , George initially enjoyed more success in consolidating his power over Imereti ; more fortresses were seized from Bagrat 's loyalists and his protégé , Arsen , was installed as catholicos of the church in 1390 . In 1392 , he led his army to subdue Vameq I Dadiani , Duke of Mingrelia , but he suffered a crushing defeat and was killed on the battlefield . At Vameq 's invitation , Bagrat V 's son , George VII , occupied Imereti , reuniting it with the Kingdom of Georgia . George 's brother , Constantine , and nephew , Demetrius , son of Alexander , fled to the North Caucasus , in the Balkar lands ( Basiani of the Georgian sources ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "41bde86df8975da6d3f10883b09f6c99", "text": "Night Attack at Târgovişte The Night Attack of Târgovişte ( Atacul de noapte de la Târgovişte , Tirgovişte Baskını ) was a battle fought between forces of Vlad III the Impaler of Wallachia and Mehmed II of the Ottoman Empire on Thursday , June 17 , 1462 . The conflict initially started with Vlad 's refusal to pay the jizya ( tax on non-Muslims ) to the Sultan and intensified when Vlad Ţepeş invaded Bulgaria and impaled over 23,000 Turks . Mehmed then raised a great army with the objective to conquer Wallachia and annex it to his empire . The two leaders fought a series of skirmishes , the most notable one being the Night Attack where Vlad Ţepeş attacked the Turkish camp in the night in an attempt to kill Mehmed . The assassination attempt failed , and Mehmed marched to the Wallachian capital of Târgovişte , where he discovered another some 20,000 impaled Turks . The Sultan and his troops then sailed to Brăila and burned it to the ground before retreating to Adrianople . Both sides would claim victory : while Pope Pius II proclaimed Vlad Ţepeş ' campaign a victory for Christianity , Mehmed II 's forces returned home with many captured slaves , horses and cattle .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c3856e3de941add881db6116410b8f1c", "text": "Alexander I of Imereti Alexander I ( ალექსანდრე I , Alek ` sandre I ) ( died 1389 ) , of the Bagrationi dynasty , was king of western Georgian kingdom of Imereti from 1387 to 1389 . Prior to that , he was eristavi ( `` duke '' ) of Imereti under the authority of the kings of Georgia . Alexander was born sometime after 1358 into the family of Bagrat I , then duke ( and ex-king ) of Imereti , and his wife , a Jaqeli atabeg of Samtskhe . On his father 's death in 1372 , Alexander was appointed by King Bagrat V of Georgia as duke of Imereti . In 1387 , he took advantage of Timur 's invasions of Georgia and proclaimed himself king of Imereti at the Gelati Monastery , but the city of Kutaisi remained in the hands of Bagrat V 's loyalists and the dukes of Mingrelia , Guria , Abkhazia , and Svaneti refused to join him . Alexander succeeded in seizing several fortresses in Imereti , but Kutaisi remained outside his control . He died in 1389 and was succeeded by his brother George I. Alexander was married to a certain Ana . He had two children : Prince Demetrius ( died 1455 ) , Duke of Imereti ; Princess Tamar ( died ) , wife of Alexander I of Georgia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e4223d5a5ccbfac8e8963e10e242073", "text": "Alexander Gorbatyi-Shuisky Prince Alexander Borisovich Gorbatyi-Shuisky was probably the most celebrated and popular general of Ivan the Terrible . The town of Gorbatov in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast bears his name . He belonged to the powerful Shuisky family , being the last scion of its junior branch . His father was one of the most successful generals of Vasily III , but Alexander managed to outshine him at an early age . He was made boyar in 1544 and led the Russian armies against Khanate of Kazan in 1547 . Five years later , when Kazan was besieged , he annihilated the force of prince Yapancha at Arsk Field , making possible the final conquest of Kazan later that year . In acknowledgement of his important services , he was appointed the first Russian governor of Kazan . During the next decade he not only managed to keep Kazan in Russian hands , but also rebuilt the ruined citadel and converted a large portion of the khanate 's population to Christianity . Ivan the Terrible , apparently , grew jealous of Alexander 's popularity in Moscow . In 1564 the tsar incriminated him of secretly supporting Andrey Kurbsky and plotting against Ivan 's life . After that , Alexander and his 17-year-old son Peter were brought to Moscow and beheaded . He left two daughters , one of them being married to the noblest Muscovite boyar , Prince Ivan Mstislavsky , and another one -- to the tsar 's brother-in-law , Nikita Romanovich as his second wife . The latter was grandfather of tsar Mikhail Romanov . Category :1564 deaths Category : Shuysky family Category : Russian military leaders Category : Tsardom of Russia people Category : People executed by the Tsardom of Russia Category : Executed Russian people Category : Year of birth unknown Category : People executed by Russia by decapitation Category :16 th-century executions by Russia", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f1f2f57a724de81a3ccd3e82ef7b64de", "text": "Vakhtang Orbeliani Prince Vakhtang Orbeliani ( April 5 , 1812 -- September 29 , 1890 ) was a Georgian Romanticist poet and soldier in the Imperial Russian service , of the noble House of Orbeliani . Vakhtang Orbeliani was born in Tiflis ( Tbilisi ) , then under Imperial Russian rule , to Prince Vakhtang Orbeliani and Princess Tekle , a beloved daughter of the penultimate Georgian king Erekle II . He was a brother of Alexander Orbeliani and a cousin of Grigol Orbeliani , fellow Romanticist poets . He studied at the Tiflis nobility school and enrolled into the St. Petersburg Page Corps which he did not graduate from and returned to homeland to lead , in 1832 , a failed coup attempt against Russian rule in 1832 . The conspirators planned to invite the Russian officials in the Caucasus to a grand ball where they would be given the choice of death or surrender . After the collapse of this plot , Orbeliani was arrested and sentenced to death , but reprieved and exiled to Kaluga . The abortive uprising and relatively mild punishment that followed forced many conspirators to see the independent past as irremediably lost and to reconcile themselves with the Russian autocracy , transforming their laments for the lost past and the fall of the native dynasty into Romanticist poetry . In 1838 , Orbeliani joined the Russian military service and served in the Nizhny Novgorod Dragoon regiment . Most of his military career was spent in the struggle against the rebellious mountainous tribes during the Caucasus War . He was placed in command of the Georgian Grenadier Regiment in 1855 and promoted to major general in 1860 . Between 1858 and 1863 , he carried out various administrative and military duties in the North Caucasus , including being commander in the restive districts of Kabarda and Terek . Later in his career , he served as a member of peasants ' council and worked as an arbitrator . Like his elder brother Alexander 's , his poetry is obsessed with the destruction of the Georgian monarchy at the end of the 18th century , and the poet seeks console in a Christian patience . His best poetry is dominated by the sacred image of Georgian Christianity -- Grapevine cross of St. Nino . Vakhtang Orbeliani is buried in the western corner of Tbilisi Sioni Cathedral .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f342a1aeaf5ecb1b0de1928fbd24998e", "text": "Dan I of Wallachia Dan I was prince of Wallachia from 1383 to 1386 . He was the son of Radu I of Wallachia and the step-brother of Mircea I of Wallachia . The circumstances surrounding his death are unclear . Laonikos Chalkokondyles claims that he was assassinated by his younger step brother Mircea I in collusion with a boyar party . However , the Anonymous Bulgarian Chronicle states that Dan I was assassinated during a campaign fought between 1384-1386 against Ivan Shishman of Tarnovo , who was backed by the Ottomans , purportedly in favour of his uncle Ivan Sratsimir of Vidin , but ultimately part of the early Wallachian rulers ' attempts to expand their rule south of the Danube . Dan I 's descendants were members of the House of Dăneşti , one of the two factions descended from Basarab I , that were claimants to the voivodeship of the Principality of Wallachia in subsequent centuries . The other rival faction was the House of Drăculeşti .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "727c13ee521111794a37b11c09d5654b", "text": "Max Vasmer Max Julius Friedrich Vasmer ( Макс Ю́лиус Фри́дрих Фа́смер 28 February 1886 -- 30 November 1962 ) was a Russian-born German linguist . He studied problems of etymology in Indo-European , Finno-Ugric and Turkic languages and worked on the history of Slavic , Baltic , Iranian , and Finno-Ugric peoples . Born to German parents in Saint Petersburg , Vasmer graduated from Saint Petersburg University in 1907 . From 1910 he delivered lectures there as a professor . During the Russian Civil War of 1917 -- 1922 he worked in the Universities of Saratov and of Yuryev ( Tartu ) . In 1921 he settled in Leipzig , but in 1925 moved to Berlin . In 1938 -- 1939 , he delivered lectures at Columbia University in New York City . It was there that he started to work on his magnum opus , the Etymological dictionary of the Russian language . He delivered the eulogy for Professor Aleksander Brückner in Berlin-Wilmersdorf in 1939 and he took over the chair of Slavistic studies at the University of Berlin . In 1944 the bombing of Vasmer 's house in Berlin destroyed most of his materials . Nevertheless , Vasmer persevered in his work , which was finally published in three volumes by Heidelberg University in 1950 -- 1958 as . Vasmer died in West Berlin on November 30 , 1962 . The Russian translation of Vasmer 's dictionary -- with extensive commentaries by Oleg Trubachyov -- was printed in 1964 -- 1973 . it remains the most authoritative source for Slavic etymology . The Russian version is available on Sergei Starostin 's Tower of Babel web site . Another monumental work led by Max Vasmer involved the compilation of a multi-volume dictionary of Russian names of rivers and other bodies of water . He initiated an even grander project , completed by a team of workers after his death : the publication of a monumental ( 11 volumes ) gazetteer that included virtually all names of populated places in Russia found both in pre-revolutionary and in Soviet sources .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "756cb71be483ba0e41e9d62badaae646", "text": "Yaroslav Vsevolodovich Yaroslav Vsevolodovich may refer to the following Russian princes : Yaroslav II of Russia , Grand Prince of Vladimir ( 1238 -- 1246 ) Yaroslav II Vsevolodovich ( 1139 -- 1198 ) , prince of Chernigov ( 1176 -- 1198 )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8bdb23f5770d0676db59a9dfb1dc1af1", "text": "Vlad Vintilă de la Slatina Vlad VII Vintilă de la Slatina ( died 1535 ) was a Wallachian nobleman who reigned as the principality 's voivode from 1532 to 1535 . He was assassinated during a hunting expedition near Craiova .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2d83de23c90bcedac5b00b8d93a5718a", "text": "Grand Duke Dmitry Konstantinovich of Russia Grand Duke Dmitry Konstantinovich of Russia ( Димитрий Константинович 13 June 1860 -- 28 January 1919 ) was a son of Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolayevich and a first cousin of Alexander III of Russia . He followed a military career . Although he never played any political role , as a relative of Tsar Nicholas II , he was executed by firing squad at the walls of Peter and Paul Fortress during the Russian Revolution .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d8d1bd6590369f1f4a0442cf206e982", "text": "Yenikeyev Yenikeyev ( Енике́ев , masculine ) or Yenikeyeva ( Енике́ева , feminine ) , also Enikeev , Enikeeva , Yenikeyeff . Also spelled in -LSB- Еникиевләр , Yenikievlər -RSB- , is a princely Tatar family , recognized in the Russian Empire . It traces its origins to a famous Tatar general Murza Yenikey Tenishevich Kougushev , who lived in the mid-16th century in Kazan , and was also a warlord in 1668 in Temnikov . He reigned after the death of his father , Prince Tenish , in 1539 . Yenikey had five sons : Kulunchak ( his branch descendants still bear his last name Kulunchakov ) , Kobyak , Emmamet , Sabbak , and Ishmamet . The family is one of the Mishars clan ( ethnic group ) . In 1613 the family was granted with the title of Princely by the first Russian Tzar Michael of Russia , which all family members bear nowadays . Descendants of the family reside on the territory of Russia , in the Republics of Tatarstan , Mordovia , Bashkortostan , Uzbekistan , Turkmenistan as well as in Great Britain , the United States and Finland .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "78f90adfd66f208ba2656e5f062ae435", "text": "Gheorghe Ghibănescu Gheorghe Ghibănescu ( September 29 , 1864 -- July 4 , 1936 ) was a Romanian historian and philologist . Born in Gugești , Vaslui County , he attended the junior seminary in Huși from 1875 to 1879 , followed by the senior seminary at the Socola Monastery in Iași from 1879 to 1882 . After finishing his secondary education , he entered the Faculty of Literature and Philosophy at the Alexandru Ioan Cuza University , where he studied history , philosophy , philology and pedagogy . In 1885 , he won a competition for a teaching post at the normal school in Bârlad , marking the beginning of his career as teacher , historian and newspaper writer . While at Bârlad , he published two works that proved significant during his later research : Originile Hușilor ( `` The Origins of Huși '' , 1888 ) and Grafica chirilică la români ( `` The Romanian Cyrillic Alphabet '' , 1889 ) . In 1889 , he was transferred to the Vasile Lupu Normal School in Iași , where he undertook extensive research alongside his teaching duties . He authored grammar textbooks as well as monographs on the churches of Iași and on historical personalities such as Stephen the Great , Vlad the Impaler and Vlad the Monk . In 1905 , in recognition of his work , he was elected a corresponding member of the Romanian Academy . He died in 1936 and was buried in Eternitatea cemetery .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5b91da493ec47abf703c415eb233e57b", "text": "Rumyantsev The Rumyantsev family were Russian counts prominent in Russian imperial politics in the 18th and early 19th centuries . The family claimed descent from the boyar Rumyanets who broke his oath of allegiance and surrendered Nizhny Novgorod to Vasily I of Moscow in 1391 . The first Rumyantsev to gain prominence , Alexander Ivanovich ( 1680 -- 1749 ) , served as ordinary of Peter the Great in the Preobrazhensky regiment . In 1720 he married Countess Maria Matveyeva , daughter and heiress of Count Andrey Matveyev . Peter 's daughter Elizabeth recalled Rumyantsev to active service and made him a hereditary count as well as Governor of Kiev . Their son Pyotr Alexandrovich ( 1725-96 ) took his name from that of the ruling Emperor and was rumored to have been his natural son . In 1761 he besieged and took the Prussian fortress of Kolberg , thus clearing for Russian armies the path to Berlin . During Catherine II 's reign he served as Governor General of Little Russia , or Ukraine . After crossing the Danube River into Bulgaria and signing the advantageous Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca with the Turks in 1774 , Rumyantsev was promoted Field Marshal and was given the victory title of Zadunaisky ( literally , `` Transdanubian '' ) . His sister , Praskovja Bruce ( 1729 -- 85 ) , was the confidant and lady-in-waiting of Catherine the Great , who entrusted her with her private affairs and was known in history as the so-called `` l'éprouveuse '' ( = `` the ( lovers ) tester '' ) . During the Napoleonic wars , Zadunaisky 's son Nikolay Petrovich ( 1754 -- 1826 ) held the highest offices of state , including those of Minister of Commerce ( 1802 -- 11 ) , President of the State Council ( 1810 -- 12 ) , Foreign Minister ( 1808 -- 12 ) , and Chancellor of the Russian Empire . On receiving the news of Napoleon 's invasion of Russia ( 1812 ) , he suffered a stroke and lost his hearing . He died childless , and the family became extinct soon thereafter . Category : Russian noble families", "title": "" } ]	fever
cb82a717e1d985ab3d0dfcf6885d4eb6	James Marsden lost prominence with his portrayal of Scott Summers.	[ { "docid": "be89d5f3329d7e9b9edaffe63e7fbe83", "text": "James Marsden James Paul Marsden ( born September 18 , 1973 ) is an American actor , singer and former Versace model . Marsden began his acting career guest-starring in television shows Saved by the Bell : The New Class , Touched by an Angel , and Party of Five . He gained prominence with his portrayal of Scott Summers/Cyclops in the X-Men film series and starred in 2006 's Superman Returns . Since 2016 , Marsden has starred as gunslinger Teddy Flood , a sentient android , in the HBO science fiction-western thriller series Westworld , as part of the main ensemble . Following his breakthrough in comic book films , Marsden went on to star in various genre films including 2007 's Hairspray which was a critical and commercial success and won many awards for its ensemble cast . As Corny Collins , he sang two songs for the film 's soundtrack which has been certified Platinum by the RIAA . He 's had starring roles in family-friendly films such as Enchanted and Hop and leading man roles in 27 Dresses and The Best of Me . Marsden later starred in a range of independent films such as Small Apartments , Bachelorette , and Robot & Frank . He also returned to television guest-starring in Modern Family and playing Liz Lemon 's love interest , Criss Chros in 30 Rock in a supporting role . Marsden then portrayed President John F. Kennedy in Lee Daniels ' The Butler and had a supporting role as an antagonist in Anchorman 2 : The Legend Continues .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "921d69559beb364aee4670f248ac170f", "text": "The League of Gentlemen's Apocalypse The League of Gentlemen 's Apocalypse is a feature film spin-off of the British television comedy series The League of Gentlemen . Starring Mark Gatiss , Steve Pemberton and Reece Shearsmith , the film was written by the cast with Jeremy Dyson , and directed by Steve Bendelack . Also featuring in guest roles are Michael Sheen , Victoria Wood , David Warner , Alan Morrissey , Bruno Langley , Bernard Hill , Simon Pegg and Peter Kay . The film was due for a UK release on 22 April 2005 , but the release date was moved back to 3 June . Over 20 minutes of footage was deleted in the final cut .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e8e790c3e3e9c6a35cb12e61b684bd69", "text": "Rocky Rocky is a 1976 American sports drama film directed by John G. Avildsen and both written by and starring Sylvester Stallone . It tells the rags to riches American Dream story of Rocky Balboa , an uneducated but kind-hearted working class Italian-American boxer working in a meat warehouse and as a debt collector for a loan shark in the slums of Philadelphia . Rocky starts out as a small-time club fighter , and later gets a shot at the world heavyweight championship . The film also stars Talia Shire as Adrian , Burt Young as Adrian 's brother Paulie , Burgess Meredith as Rocky 's trainer Mickey Goldmill , and Carl Weathers as the champion , Apollo Creed . The film , made on a budget of just over $ 1 million and shot in 28 days , was a sleeper hit ; it earned $ 225 million in global box office receipts , becoming the highest-grossing film of 1976 , and went on to win three Oscars , including Best Picture . The film received many positive reviews and turned Stallone into a major star . In 2006 , the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being `` culturally , historically or aesthetically significant '' . Rocky is considered to be one of the greatest sports films ever made and was ranked as the second-best in the genre , after Raging Bull , by the American Film Institute in 2008 . The film has spawned six sequels : Rocky II ( 1979 ) , Rocky III ( 1982 ) , Rocky IV ( 1985 ) , Rocky V ( 1990 ) , Rocky Balboa ( 2006 ) and Creed ( 2015 ) . Stallone portrays Rocky in all six sequels , wrote the first five , and directed four ( Avildsen returned to direct Rocky V and Ryan Coogler directed Creed ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "55911d699a372c3a068f18c49f1f527c", "text": "The Simpsons (season 25) The Simpsons '' ' twenty-fifth season began airing on Fox on September 29 , 2013 and ended on May 18 , 2014 . In this season , Homer sells his Mapple stock to buy a bowling ball ; Marge blames herself and Kiss for Bart 's rebellious streak ( `` Four Regrettings and a Funeral '' ) ; Lisa becomes a cheerleader for Springfield 's football team ; and Homer delivers a baby ( `` Labor Pains '' ) . Guest stars for this season include Judd Apatow , Will Arnett , Anderson Cooper , Harlan Ellison , Zach Galifianakis , Stan Lee , Eva Longoria , Rachel Maddow , Elisabeth Moss , Joe Namath , Daniel Radcliffe , Aaron Sorkin , and Kristen Wiig . This is Al Jean 's 13th consecutive season as showrunner and 15th overall . Matt Groening , James L. Brooks , Matt Selman , and John Frink serve as executive producers . Executive producer Al Jean stated that Edna Krabappel will be retired from the show following the death of Marcia Wallace on October 25 , 2013 . February 2014 held back Simpsons episodes , due to the transmission of the Super Bowl XLVIII in East Rutherford , New Jersey , United States ; the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi , Russia ; the 2014 Daytona 500 in Daytona Beach , Florida , US ; and the 86th Academy Awards in Hollywood , Los Angeles , California . This season The Simpsons '' won three Primetime Emmy Awards out of four nominations , including an Primetime Emmy Award for Character Voice-Over Performance to Harry Shearer , who was the last member of the main cast to earn the award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "880eb377554c85df414a0e18725fcdfd", "text": "The Endless Summer The Endless Summer is a seminal 1966 surf movie ( the initial release was in 1964 , world-wide release was 1966 ) . Filmmaker/narrator Bruce Brown follows two surfers , Mike Hynson and Robert August , on a surfing trip around the world . Despite the balmy climate of their native California , cold ocean currents make local beaches inhospitable during the winter . They travel to the coasts of Australia , New Zealand , Tahiti , Hawaii , Senegal , Ghana , Nigeria and South Africa in a quest for new surf spots and introduce locals to the sport . Other important surfers of the time , such as Miki Dora , Phil Edwards and Butch Van Artsdalen also appear . Its title comes from the idea , expressed at both the beginning and end of the film , that if one had enough time and money it would be possible to follow the summer up and down the world ( northern to southern hemisphere and back ) , making it endless . The concept of the film was born through the suggestion of a travel agent to Bruce Brown during the planning stages of the film . The travel agent suggested that the flight from Los Angeles to Cape Town , South Africa and back would cost $ 50 more than a trip circumnavigating the world . After which , Bruce came up with the idea of following the summer season by traveling up and down the world . The narrative presentation eases from the stiff and formal documentary of the 1950s and early 1960s to a more casual and fun-loving personal style filled with sly humor . The surf rock soundtrack to the film was provided by The Sandals . The `` Theme to the Endless Summer '' was written by Gaston Georis and John Blakeley of the Sandals . It has become one of the best known film themes in the surf movie genre . When the movie was first shown , it encouraged many surfers to go abroad , giving birth to the `` surf-and-travel '' culture , with prizes for finding `` uncrowded surf '' , meeting new people and riding the perfect wave . It also introduced the sport , which had become popular outside of Hawaii and the Polynesian Islands in places like California and Australia , to a broader audience . In addition , it set the style for later surf-and-travel movies , including Momentum , ( These Are ) Better Days , and Thicker Than Water .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "adfb781e1d7bf0df497312d2d55fb56e", "text": "A Star Is Burns `` A Star Is Burns '' is the eighteenth episode of The Simpsons ' sixth season . It first aired on the Fox network in the United States on March 5 , 1995 . In the episode , Springfield decides to hold a film festival , and famed critic Jay Sherman is invited to be a judge . The story involves a crossover with the short-lived animated series The Critic . Jay Sherman was the main character on the show . The Critic was created by Al Jean and Mike Reiss , who had previously written for The Simpsons but left following the fourth season , and produced by James L. Brooks , who was also a producer for The Simpsons . The show had premiered on the American Broadcasting Company ( ABC ) network in January 1994 but was canceled despite positive critical reception . The series was switched over to Fox , and put in the timeslot directly after The Simpsons . Brooks pitched a crossover episode as a way to promote The Critic and decided that a film festival would be a good way to introduce Sherman . Matt Groening , creator of The Simpsons , reacted negatively when he heard about this episode , feeling that it was just an advertisement for The Critic , and that people would incorrectly associate the show with him . When he was unsuccessful in getting the program pulled , he had his name removed from the credits and went public with his concerns , openly criticizing James L. Brooks . The episode was directed by Susie Dietter and was the first episode to be written by Ken Keeler . Jon Lovitz , the star of The Critic , guest stars as Jay Sherman , while Maurice LaMarche ( who was also a regular on The Critic ) has a few minor roles . The episode received mixed reviews from critics , many of whom felt the crossover was out of place on the show , although Barney 's film festival entry was well received .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "275eb3e33def924426a2b08292171fe9", "text": "The X-Files (season 9) The ninth season of the American science fiction television series The X-Files commenced airing in the United States on November 11 , 2001 , concluded on May 19 , 2002 , and consists of twenty episodes . The season takes place after Fox Mulder ( David Duchovny ) goes into hiding , following the events of the eighth season finale , `` Existence '' . As such , the main storyarc for the season follows Dana Scully ( Gillian Anderson ) , John Doggett ( Robert Patrick ) , and Monica Reyes ( Annabeth Gish ) on their hunt to reveal a government conspiracy involving the elaborate creation of `` Super Soldiers '' . For this season , former series ' leads Duchovny and Anderson scaled back their involvement with the show , with the former only starring in the two episodes that formed the season finale , `` The Truth '' . Doggett and Reyes became the show 's central characters , and former recurring character Walter Skinner ( Mitch Pileggi ) became a main character . Series creator Chris Carter had hopes that the show could continue on with new leads , and the opening credits were accordingly redesigned again . Season nine received mixed reviews by critics and garnered negative reaction from many long-time fans and viewers , partially because Duchovny did not make regular appearances on the show , after fulfilling his contract in the previous season . During this year , ratings for the season fell dramatically . Critics blamed it on what they considered an increasingly incoherent story arc , whilst the cast and crew ascribed the drop in viewership to the September 11 attacks . Regardless , Fox eventually decided to cancel the series . During the airing of season eight , Carter and The X-Files production team had created and aired a spinoff titled The Lone Gunmen . The show was unsuccessful and was cancelled before any story arcs were resolved , but The X-Files episode `` Jump the Shark '' was written to give closure to the series . The X-Files storyline was continued with the 2008 theatrical film The X Files : I Want to Believe and later with a tenth season in 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8be68eac85dfa9c3f1a99993b54ff1f1", "text": "Mini (Skins series 6) `` Mini '' is the fifth episode of the sixth series of the British teen drama Skins . It premiered on E4 in the UK on 20 February 2012 . The episode is told from the point of view of character Mini McGuinness . Mini 's hates her mum 's pervy new live-in boyfriend , and to make matters worse , Alo has broken the rules of their ` no strings attached ' secret relationship and declared his love for her . Mini feels trapped ; she 's lost control of her life and needs to get away . Ignoring advice from her mum and Liv , she seeks refuge with her dad , who 's never been around that much , but promises it 'll be different this time . He sweeps Mini into his glamorous and grown-up world where she feels a million miles away from her problems , but Mini has a bigger problem that she ca n't run away from and will ultimately have to face on her own .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "70b5684a444d038e0e6d222e01cf1ced", "text": "Pat Marsden Patrick Francis Marsden ( November 8 , 1936 -- April 27 , 2006 ) was a Canadian sportscaster and voice of the Canadian Football League play-by-play coverage in the 1970s and 1980s . He also worked as host for the historic 1972 Canada-Soviet Union hockey Summit Series sports telecasts . He was inducted into the Canadian Football Hall of Fame in 1989 . Marsden was born in Ottawa and attended St. Patrick 's High School and the University of Ottawa , where he started his sportscasting career at local station CKOY . He later became sports director at CFTO in Toronto , and became immersed in all local and national sporting events . He even appeared as `` John Marsden '' in an episode of Bizarre ( filmed at CFTO ) , in a Super Dave Osborne stunt at Toronto 's CN Tower . Fired in 1986 after a physical altercation with his boss Ted Stuebing , Marsden then was hired by his CTV football broadcasting partner Bill Stephenson at CFRB , went to TSN , and later surfaced at The Fan 590 . After helping to rebuild and essentially help create the image for The Fan 590 , he retired in 2004 . Marsden spent most of his time in Florida due to what he felt was the socialization of Canadian society , but he continued to maintain a home in Toronto . He returned in 1996 to live in Toronto with his family joining him and died of lung cancer on April 27 , 2006 , aged 69 , at Sunnybrook and Women 's College Health Sciences Centre . He is survived by his wife Terryanne ( Terry Marsden , former broadcaster with CTV , host of `` Toronto Today '' 1982 to 1990 ) and their children Taylor and Connor . Also survived by ( ex-wife Barbara ) and Pat 's children from his first marriage ( Mike , Patti-Lee , and Ruth Mary ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd0ace1270f626365441a3fbd3d36d96", "text": "Unsimulated sex Unsimulated sex is the presentation in a film of sex scenes where the actors engage in an actual sex act , and are not just miming or simulating the actions . At one time in the United States such scenes were restricted by law and self-imposed industry standards such as the Motion Picture Production Code . Films showing explicit sexual activity were confined to privately distributed underground films , such as stag films or `` porn loops '' . Beginning in the late 1960s , most notably with Blue Movie by Andy Warhol , mainstream cinemas began pushing boundaries in terms of what was presented on screen . Although the vast majority of sexual situations depicted in mainstream cinema are simulated ( in early pornography , the main actors engaged in simulated sex , with inserts placed in the film ) , on rare occasions actors engage in real sex . The difference between these films and pornography is that , while such scenes might be considered erotic , the intent of these films is not solely pornographic . Notable examples include two of the eight Bedside-films and the six Zodiac-films from the 1970s , all of which were produced in Denmark and had many pornographic sex scenes , but were nevertheless considered mainstream films ( they all had mainstream casts and crews , and premiered in mainstream cinemas ) . The last of these films , Agent 69 Jensen i Skyttens tegn , was made in 1978 . From the end of the 1970s until the late 1990s it was rare to see hardcore scenes in mainstream cinema , but this changed with the success of Lars von Trier 's The Idiots ( 1998 ) , which heralded a wave of art-house films with explicit content , such as Romance ( 1999 ) , Baise-moi ( 2000 ) , Intimacy ( 2001 ) , Vincent Gallo 's The Brown Bunny ( 2003 ) , and Michael Winterbottom 's 9 Songs ( 2004 ) . Some simulated sex scenes are sufficiently realistic that critics mistakenly believe that they are real , such as the cunnilingus scene in the 2006 film Red Road .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da538ebb0b456ababaeb37af9bb67519", "text": "Final Mission `` Final Mission '' is the 83rd episode of the American science fiction television series Star Trek : The Next Generation , and the ninth episode of the fourth season . After learning that he finally has been accepted into Starfleet Academy , Wesley Crusher welcomes Picard 's invitation to accompany him on an away mission that could resolve a mining dispute on an arid world . But following a shuttle crash and a near disastrous search for water that leaves the captain near death , Wesley finds himself charged with the weighty responsibility of keeping both himself and Picard alive until a rescue team can locate them .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7f054968a67a4d50aed811bd0b6c5bfc", "text": "South Park (season 13) The thirteenth season of South Park , an American animated television comedy series , originally aired in the United States on Comedy Central between March 11 and November 18 , 2009 . The season was headed by the series creators Trey Parker and Matt Stone , who served as executive producers along with Anne Garefino . The season continued to focus on the exploits of protagonists Stan , Kyle , Cartman , Kenny and Butters in the fictional Colorado mountain town of South Park . The season was the first of three new seasons Parker and Stone agreed to produce for the network under a renewal deal . It consisted of fourteen 22-minute episodes , which aired in two groups of seven episodes separated by a six-month gap . Prior to the season 's premiere , all South Park episodes were made available for free viewing on the official series website , South Park Studios . The 13th season was the first to be broadcast in high definition and in widescreen . Continuing their practice from previous seasons , Parker and Stone wrote and produced each episode within the week before its broadcast date . The 13th season satirized such topics as the ACORN scandal , Japanese whaling , piracy in Somalia and the marketing tactics of the Walt Disney Company . Celebrities were spoofed throughout the season , including the Jonas Brothers , Kanye West , Carlos Mencia , Paul Watson and Glenn Beck , all of whom publicly responded to their portrayals . The episode `` Fishsticks '' attracted particular media attention due to rapper Kanye West 's declaration that its jokes about his arrogance were funny but hurt his feelings . `` The F Word '' , in which the central characters attempt to change the definition of the word `` fag '' , was especially controversial and prompted complaints from the Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation . A broadcast of `` Pinewood Derby '' in Mexico was pulled , allegedly due to its depiction of Mexican President Felipe Calderón . `` Fatbeard '' was praised by the crew of the USS Bainbridge , which was involved in the 2009 rescue of the MV Maersk Alabama from Somali pirates . The 13th season received mixed reviews : some critics called it one of South Park 's strongest seasons , while others claimed the series was starting to decline in quality . The season maintained the average Nielsen rating viewership for the series , around 3 million viewers per episode . The episode `` Margaritaville '' , which satirized the global recession then affecting much of the industrialized world , won the 2009 Emmy Award for Outstanding Animated Program ( for Programming Less Than One Hour ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "34c2ad0fadaa207c4e4922b7b1f103e9", "text": "Roy Marsden Roy Marsden ( born Roy Anthony Mould ; 25 June 1941 ) is an English actor , who is probably best known for his portrayal of Adam Dalgliesh in the Anglia Television dramatisations of P. D. James 's detective novels .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8528578d3721853df6c6a12ae0ff8282", "text": "James Smillie James Smillie is a British and Australian actor known for his roles in stage and television productions and voice over . Smillie was born in Scotland and emigrated from the Glasgow tenements , carving out a career in Australia before returning to the United Kingdom to appear in stage roles in London 's West End . On television , he is probably best known internationally for his role as Dr. Dan Marshall in the lavish 1980s Australian soap opera Return to Eden .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "917016176825005d365016e0d9adf8d0", "text": "The Flight of the Phoenix (1965 film) The Flight of the Phoenix is a 1965 American drama film starring James Stewart , produced and directed by Robert Aldrich , and based on the 1964 novel The Flight of the Phoenix by Elleston Trevor . The story describes several men struggling to survive their aircraft 's emergency landing in the Sahara Desert , and stars Richard Attenborough , Peter Finch , Hardy Krüger and Ernest Borgnine . The ensemble cast includes Ian Bannen , Ronald Fraser , Christian Marquand , Dan Duryea and George Kennedy as other passengers on the aircraft . Though the film was a failure at the box office , it has since gained a cult following .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "228a3089b5d62c3587b5e5585a6aa75b", "text": "Unfinished Business (2015 film) Unfinished Business is a 2015 American comedy film directed by Ken Scott and written by Steven Conrad . The film stars Vince Vaughn , Tom Wilkinson , Dave Franco , Sienna Miller , Nick Frost , and James Marsden . It was released on March 6 , 2015 . The film received negative reviews and was a box office bomb .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "058841511de266ec0e52355ff28362d2", "text": "Never Again (The X-Files) `` Never Again '' is the thirteenth episode of the fourth season of the American science fiction television series The X-Files . It was written by producers Glen Morgan and James Wong , and directed by Rob Bowman . The episode aired in the United States on February 2 , 1997 on the Fox network and in the United Kingdom on BBC One on December 3 , 1997 . The episode is a `` Monster-of-the-Week '' story , a stand-alone plot which is unconnected to the series ' wider mythology . The episode received a Nielsen rating of 13 and was viewed by 21.36 million viewers . It received mostly positive reviews from television critics . The show centers on FBI special agents Fox Mulder ( David Duchovny ) and Dana Scully ( Gillian Anderson ) who work on cases linked to the paranormal , called X-Files . Mulder is a believer in the paranormal , while the skeptical Scully has been assigned to debunk his work . In this episode , Scully leaves town -- and Mulder -- for a solo assignment . She soon meets Ed Jerse , a man who is being mentally controlled by a drug-related side effect of his tattoo . His tattoo , affectionately named Betty , does not want to share him , especially not with Scully . Although `` Never Again '' was directed by Bowman , it was originally scheduled to be directed by noted movie director Quentin Tarantino . Tarantino was unable to direct the entry due to a dispute with the Directors Guild of America . Gillian Anderson was particularly pleased with the episode showing a different side of Scully ; she had specifically asked Morgan and Wong to write an episode that explored Scully 's dark side . Several cast members from Morgan and Wong 's series Space : Above and Beyond were cast in the episode .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2df851a4b9af7065e4633234ed88187a", "text": "David Marsden David Marsden is a Canadian radio broadcaster . As the driving force behind Brampton , Ontario radio station CFNY in the 1980s , he became an influential figure in the Canadian music industry by giving many Canadian and international alternative rock artists major Canadian radio exposure . During his stint at CFNY , he was known as `` The Mars Bar '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9e214b68f74c8d1d202d7f638ce7b7e5", "text": "Aaron Hotchner Aaron Hotchner is a fictional character from the CBS crime drama Criminal Minds , portrayed by Thomas Gibson . He is a Supervisory Special Agent and the unit chief of the FBI 's Behavioral Analysis Unit , and has appeared from the series ' pilot episode `` Extreme Aggressor '' , which was originally broadcast on September 22 , 2005 . Hotch begins the series married to his high school sweetheart Haley ( Meredith Monroe ) . They have a son named Jack ( Cade Owens ) , though they later separated over Hotch 's dedication to his job . Meredith Monroe 's character Haley was later killed in season five by serial killer George Foyet . Two years after Haley 's death , he met triathlon runner Beth Clemmons , and had been in a relationship with her , until season ten when it is revealed he broke things off with her when she was offered a job in Hong Kong . On August 12 , 2016 , CBS producers announced that Gibson had been dismissed from Criminal Minds following a physical altercation with one of the show 's writers and that `` creative details '' regarding the character 's departure would be announced at a later date . After appearing in the first two episodes of the 2016-2017 season , the Hotchner character was removed from the opening credits of subsequent episodes . At the start of the third episode , one character explained Hotch 's absence by remarking that he was on TDY . In episode 12.6 titled `` Elliott 's Pond '' it was revealed that Gibson 's character , Aaron Hotchner , was leaving his post as longtime head of the Behavioral Analysis Unit after Peter Lewis ( aka Mr. Scratch ) began stalking Hotch 's son , Jack . The two decided to enter the Witness Protection Program . The move would make it nearly impossible for Hotch to return to his field of work at the BAU , prompting him to resign from the position in effort to protect Jack . A new BAU chief had to be named and Hotch personally requested Emily Prentiss ( Paget Brewster ) , which in turn she eventually accepted .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a40abc67ae81f75e66ebb254b857f9b6", "text": "James Goldstone James Goldstone ( born June 8 , 1931 in Los Angeles , California ; died November 5 , 1999 in Shaftsbury , Vermont ) was an American film and television director whose career spanned over thirty years . Goldstone was noted for the momentum and `` fifteen-minute cliffhangers '' that he brought to TV pilots such as Star Trek ( `` Where No Man Has Gone Before '' , 1966 ) , Ironside , and The Bold Ones : The Senator . His later career helped pioneer the concept of `` thirty-second attention span '' pacing over detailed content in his dramatizations of Rita Hayworth , Calamity Jane , and the Kent State shootings for which he won the Emmy . During his Hollywood career , he directed Paul Newman , Robert De Niro , Robert Shaw , James Garner , Richard Dreyfuss and Sidney Poitier and collaborated with composer and musician , Lalo Schifrin . He `` discovered '' Tiny Tim . In addition to his work in film and television , Goldstone was a longtime leader in the Director 's and Writers Guilds . In his later life , he taught both at Bennington College and in the masters program at Columbia University . During the 1990s he directed a number of theatrical productions in New England . He was also central in the establishment of National Public Radio presence in Vermont and was the moving force behind the creation of the Vermont Arts Council which named its award for new talent the James Goldstone Award . Goldstone was the son of Hollywood agent and early television producer , Jules Goldstone .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7420a30e82f1281e27f114e9e5c759af", "text": "Cyclops (comics) Cyclops ( Scott Summers ) is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics and is a founding member of the X-Men . Created by writer Stan Lee and artist Jack Kirby , the character first appeared in the comic book The X-Men # 1 ( September 1963 ) . Cyclops is a member of a subspecies of humans known as mutants , who are born with superhuman abilities . Cyclops can emit powerful beams of energy from his eyes . He can not control the beams without the aid of special eyewear which he must wear at all times . He is typically considered the first of the X-Men , a team of mutant heroes who fight for peace and equality between mutants and humans , and one of the team 's primary leaders . Cyclops is most often portrayed as the archetypal hero of traditional American popular culture -- the opposite of the tough , anti-authority antiheroes that emerged in American popular culture after the Vietnam War ( e.g. , Wolverine , his X-Men teammate ) . One of Marvel 's most prominent characters , Cyclops was rated # 1 on IGN.com 's list of Top 25 X-Men from the past forty years in 2006 , and the 39th in their 2011 list of Top 100 Comic Book Heroes . In 2008 , Wizard Magazine also ranked Cyclops the 106th in their list of the 200 Greatest Comic Book Characters of All Time . In a 2011 poll , readers of Comic Book Resources voted Cyclops as 9th in the ranking of 2011 Top Marvel Characters . James Marsden has portrayed Cyclops in the first three and the seventh X-Men films , while in the 2009 prequel film , X-Men Origins : Wolverine , he is portrayed as a teenager by actor Tim Pocock . In 2016 's X-Men : Apocalypse , he is portrayed by Tye Sheridan .", "title": "" } ]	fever
fab20fbce24d4b328c45ce53d44d5754	This Sporting Life was Richard Harris's first starring role in 2009.	[ { "docid": "a50e048669936b8b94a821dbc2483b77", "text": "This Sporting Life This Sporting Life is a 1963 British feature film based on the 1960 novel of the same name by David Storey , which won the 1960 Macmillan Fiction Award . It recounts the story of a rugby league footballer , Frank Machin , in Wakefield , a mining area of Yorkshire , whose romantic life is not as successful as his sporting life . Storey , a former professional rugby league footballer , also wrote the screenplay . The film stars Richard Harris , Rachel Roberts , William Hartnell and Alan Badel . It was directed by Lindsay Anderson . The film was Richard Harris 's first starring role , and won him a Best Actor Award at the 1963 Cannes Film Festival . He was also nominated for an Oscar for Best Actor in a Leading Role . Rachel Roberts won her second BAFTA award for This Sporting Life and an Oscar nomination for best actress . Harris was nominated for the BAFTA that year as well . The film opened at the Odeon Leicester Square in London 's West End on 7 February 1963 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "cc88c95baefd83fa05810d9d1e7e5ddb", "text": "Calvin Harris discography Scottish record producer , DJ , singer and songwriter Calvin Harris has released four studio albums , one mix album , three extended plays , 28 singles ( including three as a featured artist ) , 12 promotional singles and 31 music videos . As of November 2014 , Harris had sold 8,176,180 singles and tracks in the United Kingdom . Harris 's debut studio album , I Created Disco , was released in June 2007 . The album peaked at number eight on the UK Albums Chart and was certified gold by the British Phonographic Industry ( BPI ) . Its first two singles , `` Acceptable in the 80s '' and `` The Girls '' , peaked at numbers 10 and three , respectively , on the UK Singles Chart , while the third single , `` Merrymaking at My Place '' , reached number 43 . In August 2009 , Harris released his second studio album , Ready for the Weekend , which debuted at number one on the UK Albums Chart and earned a gold certification from the BPI within two months of release . Its lead single , `` I 'm Not Alone '' , became Harris 's first number one on the UK Singles Chart . `` Ready for the Weekend '' was released as the album 's second single , peaking at number three in the United Kingdom . Two more singles were released from the album , `` Flashback '' and `` You Used to Hold Me '' , which reached numbers 18 and 27 on the UK chart , respectively . His third studio album , 18 Months , was released in October 2012 . The album sees Harris stepping away from vocals , instead focusing on the music production . It earned Harris his second consecutive number-one album in his home country . 18 Months also became his first album to chart on the Billboard 200 in the United States , peaking at number 19 , while reaching number two in Ireland , number five in Australia and number eight in Canada . The album 's lead single , `` Bounce '' featuring Kelis , peaked at number two on the UK Singles Chart and gave Harris his first top-10 entry in Australia , peaking at number seven . The second single , `` Feel So Close '' , also peaked at number two in the UK . The song brought Harris to international prominence , reaching number five in New Zealand and number seven in Australia , as well as becoming his first chart entry as a lead performer on the US Billboard Hot 100 , where it charted at number 12 . In 2011 , Harris wrote , produced and was featured on Rihanna 's single `` We Found Love '' , which topped the charts in 25 countries , including the United Kingdom , the United States , Ireland and Canada . The third and fourth singles from 18 Months , `` Let 's Go '' ( featuring Ne-Yo ) and `` We 'll Be Coming Back '' ( featuring Example ) , both reached number two on the UK chart , with the former also peaking at number 17 on the Billboard Hot 100 . The album 's fifth single , `` Sweet Nothing '' featuring Florence Welch , became Harris 's fourth number-one single in the UK and first top-10 single in the US . `` Drinking from the Bottle '' ( featuring Tinie Tempah ) and `` I Need Your Love '' ( featuring Ellie Goulding ) served as the album 's sixth and seventh singles . Having both charted inside the UK top 10 by April 2013 , Harris made chart history by becoming the first artist to attain eight top-10 singles from one studio album , overtaking the record previously set by Michael Jackson . The eighth and final single , `` Thinking About You '' featuring Ayah Marar , peaked at number eight on the UK Singles Chart . Harris 's fourth studio album , Motion , was released in October 2014 . It peaked at number two on the UK Albums Chart and number five on the US Billboard 200 , his highest-peaking album on the latter chart . The album includes the UK number-one singles `` Under Control '' , `` Summer '' and `` Blame '' , as well as the top-10 single `` Outside '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "131114b9553f955c0623538abb410662", "text": "Christian Clark Christian Clark ( born 15 September 1978 ) is an Australian actor and business owner . Christian appeared in the role of Will Griggs in the Network Ten soap opera Neighbours from 2006 to 2007 and played Penn Graham in Home and Away in 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "db3a0dbde2cb7774e0debb0d6e8b6320", "text": "Chasing Legends Chasing Legends is a documentary film covering the events of the 2009 Tour de France from the perspective of . It premiered at the cinema in May 2010 in the US and October 2010 in the UK .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "589a1a2d46931854a1acefb905b97852", "text": "I'm Not Alone `` I 'm Not Alone '' is a song by Scottish recording artist Calvin Harris , released as the lead single from his second studio album , Ready for the Weekend . The track was first played by Pete Tong on BBC Radio 1 as his `` essential new tune '' on 23 January 2009 and has been described as a slice of euphoric dance . On 12 April 2009 , the song debuted at number one on the UK Singles Chart , earning Harris his first solo number-one single on the chart and second overall following his 2008 collaboration with Dizzee Rascal and Chrome , `` Dance wiv Me '' . In 2010 , Harris received a writing credit on Chris Brown 's hit single `` Yeah 3x '' , due to the perceived similarities between the two songs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8a0d884640b611e0a62c4efd88fdfec5", "text": "The Boat That Rocked The Boat That Rocked ( retitled Pirate Radio in North America , Good Morning England in France , Radio Rock Revolution in Germany , Рок-волна ( The Rock Wave ) in Russia , and I Love Radio Rock in Italy ) is a 2009 British comedy film written and directed by Richard Curtis , with pirate radio in the United Kingdom during the 1960s as its setting . The film has an ensemble cast featuring Philip Seymour Hoffman , Bill Nighy , Rhys Ifans , Nick Frost , and Kenneth Branagh . Set in 1966 , it tells the story of the fictitious pirate radio station `` Radio Rock '' and its crew of eclectic disc jockeys , who broadcast rock and pop music to the United Kingdom from a ship anchored in the North Sea while the British government endeavours to shut them down . It was produced by Working Title Films for Universal Pictures , and was filmed on the Isle of Portland and at Shepperton Studios . After the world premiere in London 's Leicester Square on 29 March 2009 , the film was released in United Kingdom and Ireland on 1 April 2009 . It was a commercial failure at the British box office , making only US$ 10.1 million in its first three months , just a fifth of its US$ 50 million production cost . It received mixed reviews , with most criticism directed at its muddled storyline and 2 1/4 - hour length . For its North American release the film had its running time cut by 20 minutes , and was retitled Pirate Radio . Opening 13 November 2009 , it was still commercially unsuccessful in the US , earning only US$ 8 million . When the worldwide theatrical run was finished in January 2010 , the film had grossed US$ 36.3 million .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "df5cbcc4eceba19d2d0cd307ba232dfb", "text": "Josh Harris (long snapper) Josh Harris ( born April 27 , 1989 ) is an American football long snapper for the Atlanta Falcons of the National Football League ( NFL ) . He played college football for Auburn University . He signed with the Falcons as an undrafted free agent in 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cf0d39f96c9087fa2bf110955cb309f9", "text": "Another Day Another Life Another Day Another Life is a 2009 American suspense thriller film produced , edited , and directed by Rohit Gupta . It 's about a man , Jason , played by Benjamin Jacobs , who struggles to repress his killer instinct as he approaches the planned killing of his lover . The film was selected to showcase at the Short Film Corner - Cannes Film Festival 2009 . It received critical acclaim at its festival run winning awards & nominations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "700311f8de0081243b1c4b1cb9902faf", "text": "Marcus Harris (wide receiver, born 1989) Marcus Ryan `` Soup '' Harris ( born March 1 , 1989 ) is an American football wide receiver for the Baltimore Brigade of the Arena Football League ( AFL ) . He played college football at Murray State University . He has also been a member of the Detroit Lions , Tennessee Titans , Omaha Nighthawks , Iowa Barnstormers and New York Giants .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "44d390da2aeeb3593129e8e68c1290c6", "text": "2009 LifeLock.com 400 The 2009 LifeLock.com 400 was the nineteenth race of the 2009 NASCAR Sprint Cup schedule , marking the start of the second half of the season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "34548a96ad38172362c26ffbc84eff6c", "text": "Mrs. Harris Mrs. Harris is a 2005 American-British drama film written and directed by Phyllis Nagy . The teleplay , based on the book Very Much a Lady by Shana Alexander , focuses on the tempestuous relationship between Herman Tarnower , noted cardiologist and author of the New York Times bestseller The Complete Scarsdale Medical Diet , and headmistress Jean Harris . Produced by Killer Films , Number 9 Films , and John Wells for HBO Films , it premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 16 , 2005 , before its broadcast on HBO on February 25 , 2006 . The film stars Annette Bening as Jean Harris , Ben Kingsley as Herman Tarnower , Cloris Leachman as Tarnower 's sister , and Chloë Sevigny as his secretary and lover . The film also features a cameo performance by Ellen Burstyn as one of Tarnower 's previous girlfriends ; Burstyn played Jean Harris in the made-for-television movie , The People vs. Jean Harris ( 1981 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9b126e29b03ee4a8a97162427adb1c0c", "text": "Train Wreck (film) Train Wreck is a 2008 drama film directed by Andrew Lane starring R. Keith Harris and Maureen Mountcastle .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "391e77d9d227a4331e003a0f717d5765", "text": "Dream On! Dream On ! is a film which premiered in 1981 at the Festival International du Nouveau Cinema , Montreal . It was shot in 16mm film from 1975 to 1980 , and was blown up to 35mm in 1984 . The film 's action follows a group of young actors as they struggle to survive in L.A. and hang on to their artistic principles . Ed Harris and Paul `` Pee-wee Herman '' Reubens have since become well known actors .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "03692b5ddbd2a456457441162ee4215d", "text": "George Harris (actor) George William Harris ( born 20 October 1949 ) is a British actor of film , stage , television , radio and musical theatre . His notable roles include Kingsley Shacklebolt in the Harry Potter film series , Captain Simon Katanga in Raiders of the Lost Ark and Clive King in popular medical drama Casualty , where he was one of the original cast members . He also played real-life Somali warlord Osman Ali Atto in the 2001 film Black Hawk Down .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fae582b908e89845d68d4f5cb5c66ffa", "text": "This Life (2015 TV series) This Life is a Canadian television drama series . It premiered on October 5 , 2015 on CBC . The series is based on the French Canadian series Nouvelle adresse , created by Richard Blaimert . On March 31 , 2016 the CBC confirmed the series had been renewed for a second season , to premiere in Fall 2016 . The show was cancelled on January 24 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3f1f24996190f2afefe6d896e024129f", "text": "To Walk with Lions To Walk with Lions is a 1999 film starring Richard Harris as George Adamson and John Michie as Tony Fitzjohn . It follows the later years of wild game preserver/naturalist Adamson . After his marriage to Joy Adamson , both of Born Free book and film fame , Adamson spent the latter part of his life protecting the lions and other wildlife in the Kora National Reserve , Kenya . He encounters poachers and government corruption blocking his quest for wildlife preservation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ffbdc68e9a580881c17cfe76e7f726c2", "text": "Stan Harris Stanley `` Stan '' Wakefield Harris CBE ( 13 December 1894 -- 3 October 1973 ) was an early twentieth century all-round sportsman regarded as one of the greatest all-rounders to have played for the British and Irish Lions . As a rugby union international , he represented the England in 1920 , and the British Lions in 1924 . He also turned down a place in the Great Britain Olympic squad in 1920 , became a South African boxing champion and represented England in polo , all in between serving in both the First and Second World Wars .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0d71fe554cae9f33b3d3913f4ea4448d", "text": "Star-ving Star-ving was a web series of episodes running eight to ten minutes , based very loosely on the life of David Faustino from Married ... with Children . His co-star is Corin Nemec , who played the title character in Parker Lewis Ca n't Lose . The start date for the episodes was January 16 , 2009 . The series is a production of FNB Entertainment LLC in association with Sony Pictures Television , webcast on Crackle .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a7763fc22f4bd0f26656eb9ac061def", "text": "Not Since You Not Since You is a 2009 film starring Desmond Harrington and Elden Henson .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "330b7bbb0b47e9af5b8ff88871294b93", "text": "The Express The Express ( also known as The Express : The Ernie Davis Story ) is a 2008 American sports film produced by John Davis and directed by Gary Fleder . The storyline was conceived from a screenplay written by Charles Leavitt from a book titled Ernie Davis : The Elmira Express , authored by Robert C. Gallagher . The film is based on the life of Syracuse University football player Ernie Davis , the first African American to win the Heisman Trophy , portrayed by actor Rob Brown . The Express explores civil topics , such as racism , discrimination and athletics . The motion picture was a co-production between the film studios of Relativity Media and Davis Entertainment . It was commercially distributed by Universal Pictures theatrically , and by Universal Studios Home Entertainment for home media . Following its cinematic release , it failed to garner any award nominations from mainstream motion picture organizations for its production merits or lead acting . In the film , veteran actors Dennis Quaid and Charles S. Dutton star in principal supporting roles . The original motion picture soundtrack with a musical score composed by Mark Isham , was released by the Lakeshore Records label on October 28 , 2008 . The Express premiered in theaters nationwide in the United States on October 10 , 2008 grossing $ 9,793,406 in domestic ticket receipts . It earned an additional $ 14,718 in business through international release to top out at a combined $ 9,808,124 in gross revenue . Since the film had a $ 40 million budget , it was a financial failure . However , preceding its initial screening in cinemas , the film was generally met with positive critical reviews . The Blu-ray version of the film , featuring deleted scenes and the director 's commentary was released on January 20 , 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e67aaa4f6a89fbf3fed7fbc1599522e9", "text": "The Temptations of Jean-Claude Killy `` The Temptations of Jean-Claude Killy '' is an article published in the premiere issue of Scanlan 's Monthly in March 1970 , written by Hunter S. Thompson . The subject of the article is Jean-Claude Killy , the alpine skiing champion who , in the 1968 Winter Olympics , became the second alpine skier ever to win three gold medals in a single olympic games . By the time of the article Killy , then 26 , was retired from skiing and had embarked on the next phase of his career -- endorsements . Thompson 's article follows Killy around the United States during his marketing tour for the Chevrolet automotive company . As he attends automotive shows , holds press conferences , and makes appearances for television ( all in conjunction with fellow Chevrolet spokesman , O.J. Simpson ) Thompson chronicles the newly flush world of celebrity sports endorsements . Though endorsement by a sports figure was not an entirely new concept , the world-wide magnitude of Killy 's stardom made his Chevrolet contract something of a fascination for Thompson . The article 's focus on the relative depths of the new pitch-man status obtained by Killy so shortly after the incredible heights he had achieved develops through acerbic descriptions of the settings Killy finds himself in , the automotive executives that profit by him , and the fans and onlookers who make him such a valuable spokesman . Through it all , Killy 's focus on his own enormous profit is a source of worry to Thompson . The trend he sees developing is one of larger-than-life stars -- athletes of the highest physical standards who have achieved feats unimaginable by normal people -- demeaning themselves and their accomplishments by agreeing to shill for a few extra dollars . An enormous sports fan himself , Thompson is distraught by this turn of events and wonders that Killy was never quite sure `` why I was embarrassed for him in those scenes . '' Thompson compares Killy to F. Scott Fitzgerald 's Gatsby : although , unlike that character , Killy 's dollars are earned honestly , the author concludes while watching Killy 's selling of himself that `` nothing in his narrow , high-powered experience can allow him to understand how I can watch his act and say that it looks , to me , like a very hard dollar -- maybe the hardest . '' The article was later included in Thompson 's collection The Great Shark Hunt ( 1979 ) .", "title": "" } ]	fever
9fcc9a8cc2d96d97a972dfa789747fd6	Abraham Lincoln was alive in 1878.	[ { "docid": "88b52a28b609b249dc3dc42d1d3b6fde", "text": "Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln ( -LSB- ˈeɪbrəhæm_ˈlIŋkən -RSB- February 12 , 1809 -- April 15 , 1865 ) was an American politician and lawyer who served as the 16th President of the United States from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865 . Lincoln led the United States through its Civil War -- its bloodiest war and perhaps its greatest moral , constitutional , and political crisis . In doing so , he preserved the Union , paved the way to the abolition of slavery , strengthened the federal government , and modernized the economy . Born in Hodgenville , Kentucky , Lincoln grew up on the western frontier in Kentucky and Indiana . Largely self-educated , he became a lawyer in Illinois , a Whig Party leader , and was elected to the Illinois House of Representatives , in which he served for eight years . Elected to the United States House of Representatives in 1846 , Lincoln promoted rapid modernization of the economy through banks , tariffs , and railroads . Because he had originally agreed not to run for a second term in Congress , and because his opposition to the Mexican -- American War was unpopular among Illinois voters , Lincoln returned to Springfield and resumed his successful law practice . Reentering politics in 1854 , he became a leader in building the new Republican Party , which had a statewide majority in Illinois . In 1858 , while taking part in a series of highly publicized debates with his opponent and rival , Democrat Stephen A. Douglas , Lincoln spoke out against the expansion of slavery , but lost the U.S. Senate race to Douglas . In 1860 , Lincoln secured the Republican Party presidential nomination as a moderate from a swing state . Though he gained very little support in the slaveholding states of the South , he swept the North and was elected president in 1860 . Lincoln 's victory prompted seven southern slave states to form the Confederate States of America before he moved into the White House -- no compromise or reconciliation was found regarding slavery and secession . Subsequently , on April 12 , 1861 , a Confederate attack on Fort Sumter inspired the North to enthusiastically rally behind the Union . As the leader of the moderate faction of the Republican Party , Lincoln confronted Radical Republicans , who demanded harsher treatment of the South , War Democrats , who called for more compromise , anti-war Democrats ( called Copperheads ) , who despised him , and irreconcilable secessionists , who plotted his assassination . Politically , Lincoln fought back by pitting his opponents against each other , by carefully planned political patronage , and by appealing to the American people with his powers of oratory . His Gettysburg Address became an iconic endorsement of the principles of nationalism , republicanism , equal rights , liberty , and democracy . Lincoln initially concentrated on the military and political dimensions of the war . His primary goal was to reunite the nation . He suspended habeas corpus , leading to the controversial ex parte Merryman decision , and he averted potential British intervention in the war by defusing the Trent Affair in late 1861 . Lincoln closely supervised the war effort , especially the selection of top generals , including his most successful general , Ulysses S. Grant . He also made major decisions on Union war strategy , including a naval blockade that shut down the South 's normal trade , moves to take control of Kentucky and Tennessee , and using gunboats to gain control of the southern river system . Lincoln tried repeatedly to capture the Confederate capital at Richmond ; each time a general failed , Lincoln substituted another , until finally Grant succeeded . As the war progressed , his complex moves toward ending slavery included the Emancipation Proclamation of 1863 ; Lincoln used the U.S. Army to protect escaped slaves , encouraged the border states to outlaw slavery , and pushed through Congress the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution , which permanently outlawed slavery . An exceptionally astute politician deeply involved with power issues in each state , Lincoln reached out to the War Democrats and managed his own re-election campaign in the 1864 presidential election . Anticipating the war 's conclusion , Lincoln pushed a moderate view of Reconstruction , seeking to reunite the nation speedily through a policy of generous reconciliation in the face of lingering and bitter divisiveness . On April 14 , 1865 , five days after the surrender of Confederate commanding general Robert E. Lee , Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth , a Confederate sympathizer . Lincoln has been consistently ranked both by scholars and the public as among the greatest U.S. presidents .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "1d558b3af2b792c60e4df986c2e98eeb", "text": "Albert Gallatin Edwards Albert Gallatin Edwards ( October 15 , 1812 -- April 19 , 1892 ) was an Assistant Secretary of the U.S. Treasury under President of the United States Abraham Lincoln and founder of brokerage firm A. G. Edwards . Edwards was born in Kentucky in 1812 and named after Secretary of the Treasury Albert Gallatin . His father was Illinois Governor and U.S. Senator , Ninian Edwards . He graduated from West Point and was stationed near St. Louis , MO. . There he met Louise Cabanne , the daughter of a prominent St. Louis Family , whom he married in 1835 . Following his marriage , Edwards resigned from the military and entered the wholesale business . Edwards fought for the Union during the American Civil War and was rewarded for his effort by President Lincoln who named him United States Assistant Secretary of the Treasury of the Treasury in April , 1865 . Later , in 1887 , at the age of 75 , he founded the brokerage firm that bore his name , A. G. Edwards . He is buried at Bellefontaine Cemetery in St. Louis .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f28f18e736994fa09660b9384c0051a9", "text": "List of photographs of Abraham Lincoln See also Wikipedia article on Tad Lincoln for the famous 1864 photograph of Abraham Lincoln with his son Tad , by Anthony Berger .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "af31ebac68c687b708e9d783d429cba4", "text": "New York City draft riots The New York draft riots ( July 13 -- 16 , 1863 ) , known at the time as Draft Week , were violent disturbances in Lower Manhattan , widely regarded as the culmination of working-class discontent with new laws passed by Congress that year to draft men to fight in the ongoing American Civil War . The riots remain the largest civil and racial insurrection in American history , aside from the Civil War itself . U.S. President Abraham Lincoln diverted several regiments of militia and volunteer troops from following up after the Battle of Gettysburg to control the city . The rioters were overwhelmingly working-class men , who resented that wealthier men , who could afford to pay a $ 300 ( equivalent to $ 9,157 in 2017 ) commutation fee to hire a substitute , were spared from the draft . Initially intended to express anger at the draft , the protests turned into a race riot , with white rioters , predominantly Irish immigrants , attacking blacks throughout the city . The official death toll was listed at either 119 or 120 individuals . Conditions in the city were such that Major General John E. Wool , commander of the Department of the East , said on July 16 that `` Martial law ought to be proclaimed , but I have not a sufficient force to enforce it . '' The military did not reach the city until after the first day of rioting , by which time the mobs , primarily ethnic Irish , had already ransacked or destroyed numerous public buildings , two Protestant churches , the homes of various abolitionists or sympathizers , many black homes , and the Colored Orphan Asylum at 44th Street and Fifth Avenue , which was burned to the ground . The area 's demographics changed as a result of the riot . Many blacks left Manhattan permanently ( many moving to Brooklyn ) . By 1865 their population fell below 10,000 , the number in 1820 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "851605e2397d2a2226a0f6483d236173", "text": "Liberian general election, 1877 Presidential elections were held in Liberia in 1877 . The result was a victory for Anthony W. Gardiner of the True Whig Party . Gardiner took office on 7 January 1878 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fe7ccac40aca650d63c6ef6cbc9731c3", "text": "The Lincoln Hunters The Lincoln Hunters is a 1958 novel by Wilson Tucker . The novel , set in the year 2578 , details the story of a historian from the oppressive society of that year , who travels back in time to record Abraham Lincoln 's Lost Speech of May 19 , 1856 in Bloomington , Illinois . It contains a vivid description of Lincoln in the early stages of his career , seen through the eyes of a future American who feels that Lincoln and his time compare very favorably with the traveler 's own . The book is mentioned in 11/22/63 , a novel by Stephen King that also centers around time travel and an assassinated president . Furthermore , the protagonist springboards to 1958-the year `` Hunters '' first ran-to alter the timeline by 1963 . Category :1958 American novels Category :1950 s science fiction novels Category : American science fiction novels Category : Time travel novels Category : Novels by Wilson Tucker Category :1856 in fiction Category : Novels set in Illinois Category :26 th century in fiction Category : Fictional depictions of Abraham Lincoln in literature", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e1be42205619903da3c01ebed1666d6f", "text": "Inauguration of Andrew Johnson The inauguration of Andrew Johnson as the 17th President of the United States was held on April 15 , 1865 at the Kirkwood House in Washington , D.C. , following the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln . The inauguration marked the commencement of Andrew Johnson 's only term ( a partial term of ) as President . Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase administered the Oath of office . After the ceremony , President Johnson gave an impromptu inaugural address , which began with him begging the cabinet to remain with him and then attacking the Confederacy with such venom , that one witness remarked `` It would have been better had he been struck dumb . '' As President Lincoln lay dying , Vice President Johnson visited the room where he lay , and when Mrs. Lincoln saw him , it was reported , she screamed and demanded he be removed . So he went back to his room at the Kirkwood House . According to newspaper reports , the Vice President had gotten severely inebriated , and when aides to the now-dead president came to fetch the new President they were unable to wake him for several minutes . When he was finally awake , the accounts read , `` he had puffy eyes and his hair was caked with mud from the street , '' and that a barber and doctor were summoned to clean him up for the ten-o'clock ceremony , which most accounts agree went smoothly . However , there are other accounts , believed more reliable by some , which refute this claim .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8b6847ebe5a511bbef7d24efe2366e19", "text": "United States Senate elections, 1878 and 1879 The United States Senate elections of 1878 and 1879 were elections which had the Democratic Party retake control of the United States Senate for the first time since before the Civil War . As these elections were prior to ratification of the seventeenth amendment , Senators were chosen by State legislatures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b37180cae8530e961e4c779d6e1aff56", "text": "Inauguration of Abraham Lincoln Inauguration of Abraham Lincoln may refer to : First inauguration of Abraham Lincoln , 1861 Second inauguration of Abraham Lincoln , 1865", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c5a64832fbcf0c76254e7bfd401e9372", "text": "Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War This timeline of events leading up to the American Civil War describes and links to narrative articles and references about many of the events and issues which historians recognize as origins and causes of the Civil War . The pre-Civil War events can be roughly divided into a period encompassing the long term build-up over many decades and a period encompassing the five-month build to war immediately after the election of Abraham Lincoln as President in the Election of 1860 which culminated in the Fall of Fort Sumter ( April 1861 ) . Since the early colonial period in Virginia , slavery had been a part of the socioeconomic system of British North America and was recognized in the Thirteen Colonies at the time of the United States ' Declaration of Independence ( 1776 ) . Since then , events and statements by politicians and others brought forth differences , tensions and divisions between the people of the slave states of the Southern United States and the people of the free states of the Northern United States ( including Western states ) over the topics of slavery . The large underlying issue from which other issues developed was whether slavery should be retained and even expanded to other areas or whether it should be contained and eventually abolished . Over many decades , these issues and divisions became increasingly irreconcilable and contentious . Events in the 1850s culminated with the election of the anti-slavery-expansion Republican Abraham Lincoln as President on November 6 , 1860 . This provoked the first round of state secessions as leaders of the Deep South cotton states were unwilling to remain in a second class political status with their way of life threatened by the President himself . Initially , the seven Deep South states seceded , with economies based on cotton ( then in heavy European demand with rising prices ) . They were Alabama , Florida , Georgia , Louisiana , Mississippi , South Carolina and Texas . After the Confederates attacked and captured Fort Sumter , President Lincoln called for volunteers to march south and suppress the rebellion . This pushed the four other Upper South States ( Virginia , North Carolina , Tennessee , and Arkansas ) also to secede . These states completed the formation of the Confederate States of America . Their addition to the Confederacy insured a war would be prolonged and bloody because they contributed territory and soldiers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "644f8a84256f5d138d80c5601bec0c99", "text": "Half-Breed (politics) The `` Half-Breeds '' were a political faction of the United States Republican Party in the late 19th century . The Half-Breeds were a moderate-wing group , and were the opponents of the Stalwarts , the other main faction of the Republican Party . The main issue that divided the Stalwarts and the Half-Breeds was political patronage . The Stalwarts were in favor of political machines and spoils system-style patronage , while the Half-Breeds , led by Maine senator James G. Blaine , were in favor of civil service reform and a merit system . The epithet `` Half-Breed '' was invented in derision by the Stalwarts to denote those whom they perceived as being only half Republican . In the 1880 Republican National Convention , the Stalwart candidate , former president Ulysses S. Grant , was pitted against Half-Breed James G. Blaine for the party nomination . Grant 's campaign was led by Stalwart leader Roscoe Conkling of New York , the state with the biggest split between Stalwarts and Half-Breeds . Despite Conkling 's attempts at imposing a unit-rule in the Republican National Convention by which a state 's votes would be grouped together for only one candidate , a number of Stalwarts went against him by vocalizing their support for the Half-Breed Blaine . The Half-Breeds united to defeat the unit-rule in a vote , and elected Half-Breed George Frisbie Hoar to the position as temporary chairman of the convention . Both sides knew there was no chance of victory for either candidate , and the Half-Breeds chose James Garfield as a compromise candidate . Garfield won the party 's nomination on the thirty-sixth ballot , and won the 1880 presidential election . Blaine was chosen as Garfield 's Secretary of State , and carried heavy influence over the political appointments Garfield issued for congressional approval . After Garfield was assassinated by Charles J. Guiteau , a Stalwart , who proclaimed , `` I am a Stalwart of the Stalwarts and Arthur will be President '' , the new Stalwart president Chester A. Arthur surprised those in his own faction by promoting civil service reform and issuing government jobs based on a merit system . The Half-Breeds put through Congress the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act ( authored by Democrat George H. Pendleton ) , and Arthur signed the bill into law on January 16 , 1883 . The act put an end to the spoils system , at least symbolically , placing a significant number of federal employees under the merit system and putting the government on the road to true reform . The act also set up the United States Civil Service Commission , banished political tests , denied jobs to alcoholics and created competitive measures for some federal positions . The Half-Breed and Stalwart factions both dissociated towards the end of the 1880s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee4eedd5cd5a0bcb807cf82134b1ec05", "text": "The Federal Union The Federal Union : A History of the United States to 1877 ( originally published as The Federal Union : A History of the United States to 1865 ) is history of the United States written by John D. Hicks , George E. Mowry and Robert E. Burke . First published in 1937 , it covered the period from the discovery of the Americas in 1492 to the end of the Civil War in 1865 . Four revised editions followed that also covered the Reconstruction Era up to 1877 , and accordingly were published with an updated subtitle . The fifth and final edition appeared in 1970 . The Federal Union was primarily written as a university-level textbook , and was published with accompanying manuals for instructors and for students . It was the first of a two-volume set . The second volume was entitled The American Nation : 1865 to the Present . An abridged one-volume edition first appeared in 1946 as A Short History of American Democracy . The book was aimed at undergraduate students , other readers appreciated its qualities . For example , historian George Fort Milton admired Hicks 's `` capacity for extraordinary compression without at the same time either getting the style too bare-bones for pleasurable reading ; or the facts too black-and-white for the necessary implications of gradations of gray . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a84a8114b1334836dd931f3338c1c72b", "text": "President Lincoln's 75,000 volunteers On April 15 , 1861 , at the start of the American Civil War , the President of the United States , Abraham Lincoln , called for a 75,000-man militia to serve for three months following the bombardment and surrender of Fort Sumter . Some slave states refused to send troops against their neighboring slave states , with the result that most such states also declared secession from the United States and joined the Confederate States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f957274b6cb05d1647ed7239bd7e19ce", "text": "Archibald Williams (judge) Archibald Williams ( June 10 , 1801 -- September 21 , 1863 ) was a United States federal judge . Born in Montgomery County , Kentucky , Williams read law to enter the bar in 1828 . He was in private practice in Quincy , Illinois beginning in 1829 . He was the United States Attorney for the District of Illinois from 1849 to 1853 . He served in both the Illinois House of Representatives and the Illinois State Senate . On March 8 , 1861 , Williams was nominated by President Abraham Lincoln to a new seat on the United States District Court for the District of Kansas created by 12 Stat . 126 . He was confirmed by the United States Senate on March 12 , 1861 , and received his commission the same day . Williams served in that capacity until his death , in 1863 , in Quincy , Illinois . Archibald Williams 's historical significance was based on his close friendship with Abraham Lincoln , the 16th President of the United States , who issued the Emancipation Proclamation freeing the slaves . Lincoln was from Springfield , Illinois , and Williams was from Quincy , Illinois , a port city on the Mississippi River along the western border of the state . The two men were close political allies in the Whig Party and , later on , in the newly founded Republican Party . They first met when serving in the Illinois state legislature in the early 1830 's . They were compatriots for 29 years . Archibald Williams led the life of a political party workhorse , first for the Whig Party and then the Republicans . He served in the Illinois state legislature , made two unsuccessful runs for the U.S. Senate as a Whig , played a leading role at the Illinois state Constitutional Convention of 1847 , chaired many important political meetings in Quincy , Illinois , attended many state political party conventions , made an unsuccessful run for the U.S. House of Representatives , and in 1858 campaigned in Illinois for his friend Abraham Lincoln . In all recorded instances , Archibald Williams gave Abraham Lincoln his true and unwavering support . Archibald Williams died in 1863 . By that time , Abraham Lincoln was President of the United States and the leader of the Northern states during the American Civil War . Birth and Early Life Archibald Williams was born in Montgomery County , Kentucky , on June 10 , 1801 . He was the son of John Williams and Amelia Gill Williams . He grew up in Kentucky , qualified to be a lawyer in the neighboring state of Tennessee , and then moved west with some of his brothers and sisters to Quincy , Illinois . As a young attorney , he rode circuit , going from county court to county court arguing legal cases . He was particularly noted for taking cases on appeal , and he argued many cases before the Illinois state Supreme Court . He married Nancy Kemp , who also had come from Kentucky , on July 28 , 1831 . They had nine children , but only five grew up to be adults . For several months in early 1832 he served as a volunteer in the Black Hawk War against Native Americans . In the fall of 1832 he strongly supported Henry Clay for President of the United States . At the Illinois State Legislature Archibald Williams was elected to the Illinois state Senate in 1832 . He studied and reported on School Financing to the state Senate , arguing for local control of schools rather than establishing a statewide system . Later in his legislative career , he labeled the Illinois Internal Improvements program `` Infernal Improvements '' due to its financial difficulties leading to bankruptcy . Abraham Lincoln was elected to the state legislature in 1834 . Archibald Williams and Lincoln became good friends and both subsequently joined the Whig Party . Lincoln was said to have seen Archibald Williams as a great `` reasoner . '' The two men were described as `` sitting next to each other in the southeast corner of the statehouse . '' It was noted : `` Lincoln did not hesitate to consult Williams at all times , and the two men were often associated in legal work . '' Twice the Whig Candidate for U.S. Senator Archibald Williams ran for the United States Senate as a Whig in 1836 and in 1842 . At those times the selection of U.S. senators was made by both houses of the state legislature . Lincoln voted for Archibald Williams the first time he ran for U.S. Senator in 1836 . The second time Archibald Williams ran , in 1842 , Lincoln was no longer in the state legislature and thus could not vote for his friend . In both instances , Archibald Williams was not elected . Witnessed Abraham Lincoln 's Admission to U.S. Courts Abraham Lincoln was admitted to practice law in the United States Circuit Court on December 3 , 1839 . U.S Court Judge Nathaniel Pope presided over the ceremony . A Quincy , Illinois , newspaper noted that Archibald Williams was present at the ceremony . Presided Over Whig Party State Conventions in Illinois Archibald Williams presided over a Whig Party state convention meeting in Springfield , Illinois , in 1843 . Abraham Lincoln attended the convention and was elected a Whig Party presidential elector for the 1844 presidential election . Unfortunately for the Whigs , Democrat James K. Polk of Tennessee won the presidential election . In June of 1844 , Archibald Williams was elected president of an Illinois state Whig Party convention in Peoria , Illinois . Abraham Lincoln spoke to the convention in support of the United States charging higher tariffs on imported goods , a major Whig position at the time . Supported African Colonization of Freed Slaves Along with Abraham Lincoln , Archibald Williams in the 1840 's supported the African colonization of freed slaves by joining the Illinois colonization society . Although opposed to slavery , both men believed Southerners should be allowed to keep their slaves but also should be urged to free their slaves voluntarily and return them to Africa . This was thought to be a reasonable and non-coercive solution to the slavery problem . The Mormon Problem in Illinois Joining with his friend and fellow Quincy lawyer Orville Browning , Archibald Williams in 1840 helped to defend Mormon leader Joseph Smith from being extradited to Missouri to face possible execution for alleged crimes . Joseph Smith was the founder of the Church of Latter Day Saints ( Mormons ) , and he and his church were unpopular because of the voting power of his supporters and their belief in men having multiple wives . Thanks to Browning 's and Williams 's arguments in court , Smith was not extradited to Missouri but remained in Illinois and founded a Mormon colony at Nauvoo , Illinois . Four years later , in 1844 , Smith and his brother Hyrum were murdered by a mob while incarcerated in the jail at Carthage , Illinois . Williams and Browning switched sides and helped to defend in court the accused murderers of Joseph and Hyrum Smith . The murderers were all found not-guilty . Shortly afterward , Archibald Williams chaired a meeting in Quincy , Illinois , that sought to arrange for a peaceful departure of the Mormons from Illinois to the far western state of Utah . Archibald Williams appointed a delegation of Quincy citizens that traveled to Nauvoo and convinced the new Mormon leader , Brigham Young , to leave Illinois for Utah in an orderly manner . Brigham Young said the Mormons could not leave immediately , but when `` grass grows and water runs , '' both signs of spring . The following spring the Mormons peacefully left Illinois for Utah , traveling mainly by wagon train . The Illinois Constitutional Convention of 1847 Archibald Williams was elected to the Illinois state Constitutional Convention of 1847 as a Whig . The convention met in the state capitol in Springfield , Illinois , and proceeded to write an improved state constitution . Williams was elected in a Democratic district against a Democratic candidate . Although the Democrats had a majority of the delegates to the convention , the Whigs could break away Democratic votes when they needed them and ended up dominating the convention . A historian noted : `` James W. Singleton of Mount Sterling , Archibald Williams of Quincy , and David M. Woodson of Carrollton aggressively upheld the Whig cause against the attacks of various capable Democratic opponents . '' At the constitutional convention , Archibald Williams and the Whig Party supported the rights of property , strict voting requirements in state elections , and allowing the state legislature to override the governor 's veto by a majority vote rather than a two-thirds vote . Two issues were sent to the state 's voters - one calling for the creation of an Illinois state bank and the other limiting the immigration into Illinois of freed slaves from the slave states . The voters of Illinois rejected the idea of an Illinois state bank but approved limiting the immigration of freed slaves . Archibald Williams gave a major speech at the constitutional convention opposing the idea that the Illinois Supreme Court should meet at various locations throughout the state rather than only in the state capital of Springfield . After the constitutional convention adjourned , the voters of Illinois approved the new constitution by a ratio of almost 4 to 1 . The Constitutional Convention of 1847 was a landmark in the legal and political career of Archibald Williams . He succeeded in furthering the ideals and policies of the Whig Party against stiff Democratic Party opposition . He was three months in Springfield , the state capital , meeting and working with many of the leading politicians and government officials from throughout the state . It helped to make him a significant figure in Illinois political and governmental history . The `` Lincoln Letter '' to Archibald Williams In the 1848 presidential election , Abraham Lincoln was backing General Zachary Taylor , a Mexican War hero , for the Whig Party nomination . A problem developed when Orville H. Browning , a Whig Party leader in Quincy , Illinois , supported the nomination of past Whig Party favorite Henry Clay . On April 30 , 1848 , Abraham Lincoln wrote a letter to Archibald Williams urging him to support Zachary Taylor and , if possible , also enlist the support of Browning . The letter read : Washington , April 30 , 1848 Dear Williams , I have not seen in the papers and evidence of a movement to send a delegate from your circuit to the June convention - I wish to say that I think it all important that a delegate should be sent - Mr. Clay 's chance for election is just no chance at all . He might get New York , and that would have elected in 1844 but it will not now ; because he must now at the least , have Tennessee , which he had then and , in addition , the fifteen new votes of Florida , Texas , Iowa , and Wisconsin . I know that our good friend Browning is a great admirer of Mr. Clay , and I therefore fear he is favoring his nomination . If he is , ask him to discard feeling , and try if he can possibly , as a matter of judgement , count the votes necessary to elect him . In my judgment , we can elect nobody but Gen. Taylor , and we can not elect him without a nomination - Therefore do n't fail to send a delegation - Your friend as ever , A. Lincoln This letter demonstrates the close friendship and easygoing familiarity between Abraham Lincoln and Archibald Williams . It also reveals Lincoln 's developing skills as an up and coming Illinois politician . It is not known whether Archibald Williams prevailed on Orville Browning to support Zachary Taylor for the Whig nomination for president in 1848 . What is known is that Zachary Taylor not only gained the Whig Party nomination but also won the presidency . Named U.S. District Attorney for Illinois Once in the White House in Washington , D.C. , newly elected President Zachary Taylor appointed Archibald Williams the United States District Attorney for the state of Illinois . Abraham Lincoln had sent the following letter in support of Williams 's nomination : Washington , March 8 , 1849 Hon : John M. Clayton Secretary of State Dear Sir : We Recommend that Archibald Williams , of Quincy , Illinois , be appointed U.S. District Attorney for the District of Illinois , when that office shall become vacant . Your Obt . Servts . A. Lincoln As U.S. District Attorney for Illinois , it was Archibald Williams 's job to prosecute cases in the U.S. District Court . The job became more difficult for Williams in 1850 when Congress enacted the Compromise of 1850 , which included a new Fugitive Slave Law . This law required Williams , in his role as U.S. District Attorney , to oversee the capture of runaway slaves and their return to their owners in the South . Williams was opposed to slavery personally but , in the 1850 's , acknowledged the right of slave owners in the South to keep their slaves . He fully discharged his duties under the Fugitive Slave Act . Death of Nancy Kemp Williams Archibald Williams 's wife , Nancy Kemp Williams , died on March 16 , 1854 , giving birth to a daughter , Nancy Williams . The baby survived the birth and lived to be an adult . Archibald and Nancy Williams had been married for 22 years . Candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives in 1854 In the early 1850 's , U.S. Senator Stephen Douglas of Illinois sought the adoption of the Kansas and Nebraska acts . The bills provided for Kansas and Nebraska to become territories with provision for `` popular sovereignty , '' the idea that the citizens of each new territory would be allowed to vote on whether the territory should be slave or free . This produced a sharp reaction on the part of those opposed to slavery in the territories , because the Missouri Compromise of 1820 had stated that the lands that comprised Kansas and Nebraska should be free territory , not slave territory . The result was the anti-Nebraska movement , which opposed popular sovereignty for Nebraska on the grounds that the citizens of the territory might vote for slavery and thereby spread slavery further into the territories . Archibald Williams and Abraham Lincoln both became anti-Nebraska men . For his part , Archibald Williams ran for the U.S. House of Representatives in 1854 on a strong anti-Nebraska platform . Williams was running against incumbent Democratic Representative William A. Richardson , a formidable opponent . The U.S. House district that comprised Quincy , Illinois , was strongly Democratic . On the other hand , Richardson was a close political ally of Stephen Douglas and had strongly backed popular sovereignty for Nebraska in the U.S. House . Williams and his supporters hoped the wave of anti-Nebraska sentiment sweeping the northern states might just be strong enough to defeat Richardson , despite the strong Democratic voting tendency of the House district . On October 31 , 1854 , Abraham Lincoln arrived in Quincy , Illinois , to give a speech in support of Archibald Williams 's candidacy for the U.S. House of Representatives . It took two days for him to travel by railroad and stagecoach to Quincy . In a letter to a friend and political ally , Lincoln wrote : `` I am here now going to Quincy , to try to give Mr. -LSB- Archibald -RSB- Williams a little life . '' Even with Abraham Lincoln 's help , Archibald Williams lost the election to William Richardson . The overall election was a success for the anti-Nebraska movement , however , as the anti-Nebraska forces won enough seats to gain a majority in the U.S. House of Representatives . After 1854 , Archibald Williams and Abraham Lincoln and other anti-Nebraskans took the lead in forming the Republican Party in Illinois around the issue of `` no slavery in the territories . '' An Archibald Williams Committee Influences Lincoln Abraham Lincoln wrote a letter in which he said he was ready to `` fuse '' with other anti-slavery groups according to `` principles '' adopted at a public meeting in Quincy , Illinois . The purpose of fusion was to bring many disparate anti-slavery groups together to form the Republican Party . Lincoln 's letter noted that the principles had been drawn up by a three-person committee led `` by Mr. Archibald Williams . '' The principles centered on the idea that Southern slave owners could keep their slaves but that slavery would be forbidden in the territories . Archibald Williams and his committee either influenced Lincoln directly on `` fusion , '' or else they confirmed a position on `` fusion '' that Lincoln had already adopted . At the United States Supreme Court Archibald Williams argued a case before the United States Supreme Court on December 6 and 7 , 1855 . Orville Browning , Williams 's good friend from Quincy , Illinois , was the opposing lawyer . The issue in dispute dealt with rival claims for lands and centered on whether the question of `` bad faith '' in the matter should be decided by a judge or by a jury . The Court ruled in Wright v. Mattison that `` bad faith '' should not be decided by the judge but by the jury , which had been the precedent . The Court ordered the case to be retried in a lower court . The outcome was a victory for Browning and a loss for Williams . The Beginnings of the Republican Party in Illinois In 1856 , Archibald Williams was the temporary chairman at a major anti-Nebraska convention in Bloomington , Illinois . Williams led the convention until a permanent chairman had been elected . While attending the convention , Abraham Lincoln and Archibald Williams slept in the same bed at the Bloomington home of David Davis , a close friend of both men.A historian noted : `` At Bloomington , Lincoln , Archibald Williams , his old associate in the Legislature , -LSB- and -RSB- T. Lyle Dickey , of Ottawa -LSB- Illinois -RSB- , a good lawyer , went to -LSB- David -RSB- Davis 's house and lived there during the Convention . Lincoln and Williams slept in one bed and Dickey and Whitney in another ... The course of the historic Bloomfield Convention was decisively influenced by the counsels that came from the steady men in the Davis House . '' Although the name `` Republican '' was applied at a later date , the anti-Nebraska convention in Bloomington was considered the birthplace of the Republican Party in Illinois . The Election of 1858 In 1858 , at a state party convention in Springfield , Illinois , Abraham Lincoln was nominated to be the Republican candidate for U.S. Senator from Illinois . A resolution passed at the convention stated that Lincoln `` was the first and only choice of the Republicans of Illinois for the U.S. Senate . '' In the famous Lincoln-Douglas debates in the 1858 Illinois U.S. Senate race , Democratic candidate Stephen Douglas attacked Lincoln three times for having been described as `` the first and only choice '' of Illinois Republicans for the Senate seat . All three times , Douglas pointed to Archibald Williams as an Illinois Republican who would have been an acceptable alternate choice to Lincoln in that contest . Archibald Williams traveled and spoke throughout the state of Illinois in Lincoln 's behalf during the 1858 U.S. Senate race . A newspaper in Quincy , Illinois , allied with the Republican Party , printed : `` Old Archie Williams is doing good service for the Republican cause ... He has already spoken at Macomb , Oquawka , Monmouth , Cameron , Galesburg , and other points ... to large assemblages ; and everywhere , he has created enthusiasm and confidence among our friends and animated the lukewarm ... In the winter of his life ... Mr. Williams is found battling for the cause of Republicanism . '' The Illinois state legislature chose Stephen Douglas over Abraham Lincoln in the 1858 U.S. Senate race . A close friend of Lincoln 's wrote : `` In January , 1859 , while the Democrats were celebrating the election of Stephen A. Douglas to the United States Senate , Archibald Williams ... came into Lincoln 's office and finding him writing said : ` Well , the Democrats are making a great noise over their victory . ' Looking up Lincoln replied : ` Yes , Archie , Douglas has taken this trick , but the game is not played out . ' '' The Lincoln-Douglas debates became so well-known that Lincoln gave personally signed presentation copies of the debates to his best friends and political associates . The one given to Archibald Williams was inscribed in Lincoln 's handwriting : `` To Hon : Archibald Williams , with respects of A. Lincoln . '' It was one more sign of Lincoln 's close friendship and strong political alliance with Archibald Williams . The Presidential Election of 1860 On December 25 , 1859 , a number of leading Republicans in Quincy , Illinois , including Archibald Williams , met with Horace Greeley , a prominent national journalist and editor of the New York Tribune . Greeley had famously stated `` Go west , young man . Go west ! '' Williams and the other Quincy Republicans talked to Greeley about Abraham Lincoln possibly becoming the Republican candidate for President in 1860 . Archibald Williams spoke throughout Illinois in behalf of Abraham Lincoln during Lincoln 's successful 1860 campaign for the White House in Washington , D.C. Almost on the Supreme Court , Then U.S. District Judge in Kansas Following his election to the U.S. presidency in 1860 , Abraham Lincoln offered Archibald Williams a seat on the U.S. Supreme Court . Williams refused the offer due to ill health and advanced age . Williams recommended that Lincoln appoint a younger court nominee who could live for more years and thereby serve longer on the Court . Archibald Williams was then appointed by President Lincoln to be the Judge for the U.S. District Court of Kansas . Williams was the first person to hold the office of U.S. District Court Judge in Kansas , because Kansas had just been admitted to the Union as a state . Williams moved to Topeka , Kansas , the state capital , where he served more than two years as U.S. Judge . He moved back to Quincy , Illinois , shortly before his death on September 21 , 1863 . During his tenure as the U.S. District Court Judge for Kansas , Archibald Williams worked on such issues as building a branch of the transcontinental railroad across Kansas , fair treatment of Native Americans in railroad matters , and the loyalty to the Union cause of a U.S. Army officer stationed in Kansas . Also while in Kansas , Williams married his second wife , Ellen M. Parker , on September 24 , 1861 . The marriage lasted a little less than two years until Archibald Williams death . While serving as the U.S. Judge for Kansas , Archibald Williams traveled to Washington , D.C. , and , on May 29 , 1962 , paid a last visit to his old friend Abraham Lincoln in the White House . Death and Burial of Archibald Williams Archibald Williams was praised in obituaries as a leading attorney in Illinois in the mid-19th Century . His many political and governmental activities were noted , along with his deep friendship with Abraham Lincoln . The bar association in Quincy , Illinois , donated a large marble grave marker for Williams . The base of the marker was a stack of law books ; an obelisk was placed on top of the law books . He was buried in Woodland Cemetery in Quincy , Illinois , at a grave site that overlooks the Mississippi River .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7b1e9ad0adbc3ed9ec081d1b10c55088", "text": "List of members of the United States House of Representatives who served a single term One-term congressmen are members of the United States House of Representatives that spent only one two-year term ( or less ) in office usually either due to death , resignation , or defeat . In some rare cases freshmen members have decided to run for another office or not run for reelection . A good many members that serve in the House for only one term are viewed as accidental congressmen due to having been elected in a fluke election or by riding in on the coattails of a popular presidential candidate . Among the most famous one-term congressmen were Abraham Lincoln , who served as a Whig in the 30th Congress of 1847-1849 and was later the 16th President of the United States ; John Marshall , who was elected as a Federalist to the 6th Congress and was later the 4th Chief Justice of the Supreme Court ; William Pennington , who served as a Republican in the 36th Congress and was the first sitting Speaker of the House to be defeated in a bid for re-election ; Joseph Pulitzer , the famed newspaper man that resigned from office during his first term ; George Sutherland , who served as a Republican in the 57th Congress and was later an associate U.S. Supreme Court justice ; and William M. `` Boss '' Tweed , who served as a Democrat to the 33rd Congress and later went on to become infamous for his leadership of Tammany Hall , the dominant political machine in New York City throughout the nineteenth century ; and Isidor Straus , the co-owner of Macy 's department store who died in the sinking of the Titanic .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "27a4e8b601fc765133b26891d836d7f2", "text": "The Great Abraham Lincoln Pocket Watch Conspiracy The Great Abraham Lincoln Pocket Watch Conspiracy is a historical fiction novel written by Jacopo della Quercia . The plot follows President William Howard Taft , scientist and son of a former president Robert Todd Lincoln , Secret Service Chief John Wilkie , Captain ( later Major ) Archibald Butt and others as they slowly unravel a worldwide conspiracy over a decade in the making . The book , which was della Quercia 's debut novel , was published in 2014 by St. Martin 's Griffin , an imprint of publishing company St. Martin 's Press . The author described the book 's genre not as singular distinct genre , but as an `` equal parts cocktail '' of adventure , historical fiction , science fiction , thriller and comedy . In 2015 , della Quercia released a spiritual sequel , License to Quill , of a similar nature that concerns the lives of Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare in Reformation-era Europe . The book has many references to actual events ; some , such as the sinking of the RMS Titanic , are important plot points , while others , such as the destruction of the zeppelin Erbslöh , are passively mentioned as news or memories . The author also includes excerpts from real newspaper articles , which were used to provide exposition in the storyline . Similarly , all of the main characters in the book were real , relevant figures in the 20th century . The characters profiles were fictionalized to fit in with the book 's plot and atmosphere , but their names , positions , occupations and personalities are kept largely intact .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b35e55e0a436792fcb11212535b214f5", "text": "The Lincoln–Douglas Debates (1994 reenactments) The 1994 reenactments of the Lincoln -- Douglas Debates took place between August 20 and October 15 , 1994 and were facilitated and aired by C-SPAN . They featured historical reenactors presenting , in their entireties , the series of seven debates between Abraham Lincoln and Stephen A. Douglas that took place during the 1858 U.S. Senate campaign in Illinois . The debate reenactments were held in the same seven cities as were the 1858 debates , and were performed on dates very close to the anniversaries of the original debates . They were broadcast live on C-SPAN , and have been rebroadcast periodically ever since .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9580530101cd38635e3d08557928a958", "text": "1860 Republican National Convention The 1860 Republican National Convention , also known as the 2nd Republican National Convention , was a nominating convention of the Republican Party of the United States , held in Chicago , Illinois , from May 16 to 18 , 1860 . The gathering nominated former U.S. Representative Abraham Lincoln of Illinois for President of the United States and Senator Hannibal Hamlin of Maine for Vice President . Lincoln 's nomination was a surprise , as the favorite before the convention had been former Governor of New York and U.S. Senator William H. Seward . Lincoln 's campaign manager , David Davis , is credited for Lincoln 's victory over Thurlow Weed , Seward 's campaign manager . Lincoln-Hamlin went on to defeat three other major tickets that year , including Democratic nominee Stephen A. Douglas , U.S. Senator from Illinois .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "37b337b84e6daf36331cc78a26e4d614", "text": "United States presidential election, 1836 The United States presidential election of 1836 was the 13th quadrennial presidential election , held from Thursday , November 3 , to Wednesday , December 7 , 1836 . As the third consecutive election victory for the Democratic Party , it ushered incumbent Vice President Martin Van Buren into the White House with 170 electoral votes to 124 electoral votes for William Henry Harrison and other Whigs . The popular vote was closer ; Martin Van Buren attracted 764,000 votes to the 738,000 won by the various Whig candidates . The election of 1836 is principally remembered for three distinctive circumstances : The Whig Party ran four candidates in different parts of the country in hopes that each would be popular enough to defeat Democrat Martin Van Buren in their respective region . The strategy failed , but had three of the four received more electoral votes then Van Buren , it would have been left to the House of Representatives to decide between the competing Whig candidates . Richard Mentor Johnson became the first ( and to date only ) Vice President elected by the United States Senate . Although pledged to Van Buren and Johnson ( his running mate ) , Virginia 's 23 electors refused to vote for Johnson , which left him one electoral vote short of the 148-vote majority required to be elected . As such , it was left to the Senate to decide between the top two vote recipient recipients , Johnson and Francis Granger . Johnson was elected on the first ballot 33 to 16 . This was the last election until the 1988 election ( of George H. W. Bush ) in which the incumbent Vice President was elected to succeed the president under whom he served . The election of 1836 also marked an important turning point in American political history because of the part it played in establishing the Second Party System . In the 1830s the political party structure was still changing , rapidly , the Democratic Party was organized , but factional and personal leaders still played a major role in politics . By the end of the campaign of 1836 , the new party system was almost complete , as nearly every faction had been absorbed by either the Democrats or the Whigs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8a344c232bf9090ad9e64c5a8322d50f", "text": "Abraham Lincoln (Brown) Abraham Lincoln is an outdoor bronze sculpture of Abraham Lincoln by Henry Kirke Brown , located at Union Square in Manhattan , New York . Cast in 1870 and dedicated on September 16 of that year , the statue was originally installed at the southwest corner of Union Square , where the sculpture of Mahatma Gandhi stands today . In 1875 , a stone and bronze rail fence was constructed around the statue of Lincoln ; the fence included an inscription of text from his second inaugural address , `` ... with malice toward none ; charity toward all . '' During the 1930 redesign of Union Square Park , the statue was moved to its current location , but the fence remained . The statue is in axial alignment with the Independence Flagstaff and George Washington . It was conserved in 1992 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "405e28906322882c5be9b4b27f4c35fd", "text": "1978", "title": "" } ]	fever
3f410cc99c27490e5c5128ef9b0f4f3b	Darth Vader was predicted to bring balance to the Force.	[ { "docid": "ba49f518735c3b7e80a62f053f9a0c03", "text": "Darth Vader Darth Vader , also known by his birth name Anakin Skywalker , is a fictional character in the Star Wars franchise . Vader appears in the original film trilogy as a pivotal antagonist whose actions drive the plot , while his past as Anakin Skywalker and the story of his corruption are central to the narrative of the prequel trilogy . The character was created by George Lucas and has been portrayed by numerous actors . His appearances span the first six Star Wars films , as well as Rogue One , and his character is heavily referenced in Star Wars : The Force Awakens . He is also an important character in the Star Wars expanded universe of television series , video games , novels , literature and comic books . Originally a Jedi prophesied to bring balance to the Force , he falls to the dark side of the Force and serves the evil Galactic Empire at the right hand of his Sith master , Emperor Palpatine ( also known as Darth Sidious ) . He is also the father of Luke Skywalker and Princess Leia Organa , secret husband of Padmé Amidala and grandfather of Kylo Ren . Darth Vader has become one of the most iconic villains in popular culture , and has been listed among the greatest villains and fictional characters ever . The American Film Institute listed him as the third greatest movie villain in cinema history on 100 Years ... 100 Heroes and Villains , behind Hannibal Lecter and Norman Bates . However , other critics consider him a tragic hero , citing his original motivations for the greater good before his fall to the dark side .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "3b10c1beeadb87af255baa7b2ee5dec0", "text": "Isaac Newton in popular culture Isaac Newton was an English scientist , mathematician , natural philosopher , theologian and one of the most influential scientists in human history . His Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica , published in 1687 , is considered to be one of the most influential book in the history of science , laying the groundwork for most of classical mechanics . In this work , Newton described universal gravitation and the three laws of motion which dominated the scientific view of the physical universe for the next three centuries . In mathematics , Newton shares the credit with Gottfried Leibniz for the development of the differential and integral calculus . Because of the resounding impact of his work , Newton became a scientific icon , much like Albert Einstein after his theory of relativity . Many books , plays , and films focus on Newton or use Newton as a literary device . Newton 's stature among scientists remains at the very top rank , as demonstrated by a 2005 survey of scientists in Britain 's Royal Society ( formerly headed by Newton ) asking who had the greater effect on the history of science , Newton or Albert Einstein . Newton was deemed the more influential . In 1999 , leading physicists voted Einstein `` greatest physicist ever ; '' Newton was the runner-up .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4d63d8d887c064c3e348c952adb7dd7", "text": "List of Star Wars species (K–O) This is a list of Star Wars species , containing the names of fictional sentient species from the Star Wars franchise beginning with the letters K through O. Star Wars is an American epic space opera film series created by George Lucas . The first film in the series , Star Wars , was released on May 25 , 1977 and became a worldwide pop culture phenomenon , followed by five sequels and three prequels . Many species of alien creatures ( often humanoid ) are depicted .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0f63e87f9a7339b3134b10ea741f8e3f", "text": "Draconian (Doctor Who) The Draconians are an extraterrestrial race . They were featured in the British science fiction television series Doctor Who . Their only television appearance to date was in the 1973 serial Frontier in Space . Unlike many `` monster '' races in Doctor Who , the Draconians were articulate and portrayed as having a sophisticated and advanced culture like feudal Japan . In later interviews , Jon Pertwee cited the Draconians as his favourite of all the monsters he had encountered during his time as the Doctor . The Draconian Empire was a vast spacefaring feudal civilisation of reptilian humanoids , centered on the planet Draconia , with a society stratifed along class and gender lines ( for example , females were not permitted to speak in the presence of the Emperor ) that was bound by a strong code of honour . The Draconian Empire dated back to at least the 21st century , when a space plague that afflicted their world was dealt with by the Doctor . For his services , the 15th Emperor made the Doctor a noble of Draconia . The Earth Empire 's first contact with the Draconian Empire was in the year 2520 . The ship sent by the Draconians for the peace mission was a battlecruiser , as befitted a noble of Draconia , although ( as agreed ) its missile banks were empty and it was otherwise unarmed . However , both Draconian and Earth ships were caught in a neutron storm , damaging the Earth ship and destroying the Draconian ship 's communications systems . As a result , the Draconian ship was unable to respond to the Earth ship 's signals . The commander of the Earth ship saw what he perceived to be a battlecruiser bearing down on his crippled vessel and gave the order to attack , destroying the battlecruiser and triggering off a brief but bloody war in which millions of lives were lost . An uneasy peace was negotiated in the end , leading to two decades of cold war and the carving out of a frontier between the two empires . In 2540 , several incidents involving attacks on cargo freighters along their respective borders nearly led to the war turning hot once more , with both sides accusing the other of piracy and violating the frontier . These attacks turned out to be the work of Ogron mercenaries under the orders of the renegade Time Lord known as the Master , who was using a sonic hypnosis device to make the Earth crews see the Ogrons as Draconians and vice versa . The Master had allied himself with the Daleks , who were launching another bid for galactic conquest and hoped to pick up the pieces after a new Earth-Draconia War . The plot was revealed by the Third Doctor , and instead of going to war against each other , the two empires united against the Daleks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bbdf564ca2264907ce793fef0385720d", "text": "The New Avengers (comics) The New Avengers is a fictional team of superheroes appearing in comic books published by Marvel Comics . The title has been used for four American comic book series . The first two were written by Brian Michael Bendis and depicted a version of Marvel 's premiere superhero team , the Avengers . The third was written by Jonathan Hickman and depicted a group of characters called the Illuminati ( formerly introduced in New Avengers Vol . 1 # 7 -LSB- July 2005 -RSB- ) . The fourth is written by Al Ewing and depicts the former scientific terrorist group A.I.M. , reformed as `` Avengers Idea Mechanics '' , whose field team has appropriated the name `` New Avengers '' for itself .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f83c9bcd2fcb2e65b3c3c51d09d972fb", "text": "Jedi Academy trilogy The Jedi Academy trilogy is a trilogy of science fiction novels set in the Star Wars expanded universe . Written by Kevin J. Anderson , the plot takes place around seven years after the events of Return of the Jedi , in 11 ABY . The series chronicles Luke Skywalker 's early attempts to rebuild the Jedi Order after the defeat of the Emperor . Some of the events in the trilogy are retold from a different perspective in I , Jedi by Michael A. Stackpole .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4765b9e0692641feaf7c2aa2d4f2c8a", "text": "Star Wars Holiday Special The Star Wars Holiday Special is a 1978 American musical science fiction television film set in the Star Wars galaxy . It stars the series ' first film 's main cast while introducing the character Boba Fett , who would appear in later films . It is one of the first official Star Wars spin-offs and was directed by Steve Binder . In the storyline that ties the special together , Chewbacca and Han Solo visit Kashyyyk , Chewbacca 's home world , to celebrate Life Day . They are pursued by agents of the Galactic Empire , who are searching for members of the Rebel Alliance on the planet . The special introduces three members of Chewbacca 's family : his father Itchy , his wife Malla , and his son Lumpy , though these names were later explained to have been nicknames , their full names being Attichitcuk , Mallatobuck , and Lumpawarrump , respectively . The program also features many other Star Wars characters , including Luke Skywalker , C-3PO , R2-D2 , Darth Vader and Princess Leia ( who sings the film 's `` theme song '' , set to the music of John Williams ' Star Wars theme , near the end ) , all of them portrayed by the original actors . The program includes stock footage from Star Wars , and also features a cartoon produced by Toronto-based Nelvana that officially introduces the bounty hunter Boba Fett . Scenes also take place in outer space and in spacecraft including the Millennium Falcon and an Imperial Star Destroyer . The variety-show segments and cartoon also take place in a few other locales , such as a Mos Eisley cantina on the desert planet of Tatooine and a newly introduced red ocean planet known as Panna . The special is notorious for its extremely negative reception and has never been rebroadcast or officially released on home video . It has therefore become something of a cultural legend , because of the `` underground '' quality of its existence . It has been viewed and distributed in off-air recordings made from its original telecast by fans , which were later adapted to content-sharing websites via the Internet and bootleg copies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "829dad31afe01d907adb5f39cccc2edd", "text": "Airpower Airpower or air power comprises the application of military strategy and strategic theory to the realm of aerial warfare . Airpower began with the advent of powered flight early in the 20th century . Airpower represents a `` complex operating environment that has been subjected to considerable debate '' . British doctrine defines airpower as `` the ability to project power from the air and space to influence the behaviour of people or the course of events . '' Airpower is a function of air supremacy and numbers . Roughly speaking , a combatant side that has 100 % or near 100 % control of the skies has air supremacy ; an advantage of some 70 -- 90 % would indicate air superiority . A 50/50 split is air parity ; lower than this , one side may be said to be air denied or air incapable . Because aeroplanes generally take off from designed airfields on missions typically involving some hours of cruising , the precise state of air superiority is fluid and less defined vis-a-vis land or sea warfare . For example , a contested airspace directly above a battlespace bristling with anti-aircraft weapons may be denied to the air forces of both sides . Further , the completely different situations of a technologically advanced airforce with one flight of high-tech planes ( air supremacy but low capacity ) or a low-tech force of massive numbers of low-tech planes ( e.g. , An-2 ) resulting in high capacity but low long-term survivability demonstrate that ` air power ' is multi-faceted and complex . Significant contributors to theorizing about air power have been Giulio Douhet , Billy Mitchell , John Boyd and John A. Warden III . At the start of World War I , opinions differed on the national air forces and the value of airships . Some early strategists/visionaries after World War I imagined that airpower alone would suffice to bring nations to their knees . The Bombing of Guernica was an early trial that revealed both capabilities and limitations . But yet another maxim , `` no war was ever won solely by airpower '' was challenged by the NATO victory in Kosovo . Airpower has been used to conduct lightning strategic strikes , to complement land offensives , to instill fear and lower morale similarly to a fleet in being , and to create broad-based destruction behind enemy lines . With airpower , supplies can be transported by cargo planes , providing a decisive edge in mobility . Military and civilian aircraft interact in a number of complex ways , including shootdowns of civilian planes , whether mistaken or not ; military escorts of civilian planes ; civilian planes being used for military transport , espionage , or other purposes ; and/or no-fly zones being enforced to punish or sanction a target nation . Airpower also relates to space power , although militarization of space remains regulated by international treaty . Developed nations have enjoyed a consistent advantage in airpower since the beginning of mechanized flight . Airpower has been wielded mostly decisively in the last hundred years by Nazi Germany , the United Kingdom , the United States , the Soviet Union , Japan , Italy , and France , with many client nations using aircraft developed by one or more of these nations . A mass technological base is considered necessary for the development of airpower .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ed7823d01d935dee968a9df61cb6619d", "text": "Starkiller Starkiller , born Galen Marek and also known as The Apprentice , is the Dark Jedi anti-hero protagonist of the Star Wars : The Force Unleashed project . In 2014 , Lucasfilm rebranded him as part of the Star Wars Legends non-canonical story-line , and the character has not been re-introduced yet into the Star Wars canon . He is raised by Darth Vader and is made his secret apprentice under the name `` Starkiller '' due to being potent with using the Force for destructive purposes and described as less of an assassin and more of a `` Force wrecking ball '' . The character 's name is taken from Luke Skywalker 's original name , `` Annikin Starkiller '' . The character 's likeness and voice are provided by Samuel Witwer . Despite The Force Unleashed being of non-canonical Legends status , Witwer still remains part of the Star Wars canon by voicing Darth Maul in the animated series Star Wars : The Clone Wars and Star Wars Rebels . IGN called Starkiller 's story `` nice and complete '' . Game Informer , UGO Networks and GameDaily also gave good reviews . However , GamesRadar has criticized Starkiller 's design . In GameSpot 's vote for the greatest video game character of all time , Starkiller ( as `` The Apprentice '' ) was eliminated in round 1 against Niko Bellic .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "53e8f2121502d380c2db1cdad52f5e58", "text": "Lieutenant Boomer Lieutenant Boomer , later known as Colonel Boomer , was a character on the 1978-1979 television series Battlestar Galactica and its spin-off series Galactica 1980 . He was portrayed on both series by Herbert Jefferson , Jr. . Boomer was a lieutenant in the Colonial Service , an officer with a background in engineering and communications . He was also an ace Colonial Viper pilot , and had pulled a tour of duty in the frozen environment of Ice Station Thule ; this made Boomer useful for similar missions in the series , such as in the episode Gun on Ice Planet Zero . In Robert Thurston 's novel version of Battlestar Galactica : The Saga Of A Star World , Thurston wrote that Boomer was a voracious reader who usually spent his off hours reading and called him cautious enough never to wager except on what was `` surer than a sure thing '' . In Saga of a Star World , he was one of the three recipients ( Apollo and Starbuck being the other two ) of the Golden Star Cluster , the highest military honor that could be awarded to Colonial Service warriors ( similar to the Medal of Honor for the real-world United States armed forces ) . During the events of Galactica 1980 , Boomer had reached the rank of colonel and was the executive officer of the Battlestar Galactica . Richard Hatch 's re-launch novel series sees him promoted to major and still serving as a Viper pilot .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "88743044f2c7ea649dfbb3e8d7f1d54f", "text": "Visual weight The visual weight in an image is defined as the visual force that appears due to the contrast of light among the visual elements that compound it . The visual weight is a visual force which prevails in the image balance . According to Rudolph Arnheim the visual weight , together with the direction are the propierties which exercise more influence in the balance of an image . The visual weight and the balance of a figure inserted in an image can be determined using the lightness of the figure , the lightness of the ground and their sizes and positions interactions in the composition visual . We establish that an image is totally balanced when the resultant force is located in the geometric center of the image . When it is located in any of the external borders of the frame then we establish that the image is totally unbalanced . Therefore , the geometric center of an image sets the maximum balance pole and the borders of the frame set the maximum unbalance poles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b259887db7806f3f5e307e88e4cf3659", "text": "List of accolades received by Star Wars: The Force Awakens Star Wars : The Force Awakens is a 2015 epic space opera film directed , co-produced , and co-written by J. J. Abrams . The seventh installment in the main Star Wars film series , and first of three in Star Wars sequel trilogy , it stars Harrison Ford , Mark Hamill , Carrie Fisher , Adam Driver , Daisy Ridley , John Boyega , Oscar Isaac , Lupita Nyong ` o , Andy Serkis , Domhnall Gleeson , Anthony Daniels , and Max von Sydow . The Force Awakens is set 30 years after Return of the Jedi ; it follows Rey , Finn , and Poe Dameron 's search for Luke Skywalker and their fight alongside the Resistance , led by veterans of the Rebel Alliance , against Kylo Ren and the First Order , a successor group to the Galactic Empire . The Force Awakens was premiered by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures in Los Angeles on December 14 , and was released in United States and Canada on December 18 , 2015 . The Force Awakens opened across 14,300 theaters , breaking numerous box-office records and became the first film to earn more than $ 100 million worldwide in a single day . The film grossed a worldwide total of over $ 2 billion on a production budget of $ 306 million becoming the highest-grossing release of 2015 , and the fastest film to earn $ 1 billion worldwide , doing so in twelve-days . The Force Awakens became the third film in history to surpass $ 2 billion worldwide ( after Avatar ( 2009 ) and Titanic ( 1997 ) ) , doing so on its 53rd day of release . Rotten Tomatoes , a review aggregator , surveyed 360 reviews and judged 92 percent to be positive . The Force Awakens garnered many awards and nominations in a variety of categories with particular praise for Abrams ' direction , its action sequences , visual effects , editing and Ridley 's and Boyega 's performances . Several awards held their nominations before the December release of The Force Awakens , making the film ineligible for the 73rd Golden Globe Awards and some other awards ceremonies . However , the film was added to the 21st Critics ' Choice Awards 's slate of best picture nominees after a special vote by the board of directors , and the announcement of the 2015 American Film Institute Awards was delayed until after the release of film , where it was named one of Top Ten Films of the year . The Force Awakens received five nominations at the 88th Academy Awards as Best Original Score , Best Sound Editing , Best Sound Mixing , Best Film Editing and Best Visual Effects . The film garnered four nominations at 69th British Academy Film Awards , and won for Best Special Visual Effects and a special BAFTA Rising Star Award for John Boyega . At the 21st Empire Awards , the film received nine nominations and won five including Best Sci-Fi/Fantasy Film , and Best Director for J.J. Abrams . The Force Awakens became the most nominated film in Saturn Awards history with total of thirteen nominations at 42nd Saturn Awards and won eight including Best Science Fiction Film , Best Director and Best Special Effects . The film received seven nominations from the Visual Effects Society , winning four including Outstanding Visual Effects in an Effects Driven Feature Motion Picture . Star Wars : The Force Awakens received eleven nominations at MTV Movie Awards , the most for the ceremony and won three including Movie of the Year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3bf6c383c17d53ee7d944a7f44b4e466", "text": "Erik Verlinde Erik Peter Verlinde ( -LSB- ˈeːrɪk ˈpeːtər vərˈlɪndə -RSB- ; born 21 January 1962 ) is a Dutch theoretical physicist and string theorist . He is the identical twin brother of physicist Herman Verlinde . The Verlinde formula , which is important in conformal field theory and topological field theory , is named after him . His research deals with string theory , gravity , black holes and cosmology . Currently , he works at the Institute for Theoretical Physics at the University of Amsterdam . At a symposium at the Dutch Spinoza-institute on 8 December 2009 he introduced a theory of entropic gravity . In this theory , gravity exists because of a difference in concentration of information in the empty space between two masses and its surroundings ; he also extrapolates this to general relativity and quantum mechanics . He said in an interview with the newspaper de Volkskrant , `` On the smallest level Newton 's laws do n't apply , but they do for apples and planets . You can explain this to pressure of gas . Molecules themselves do n't have any pressure , but a barrel of gas has . '' It appears that Verlinde 's approach to explaining gravity leads naturally to the correct observed strength of dark energy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "736706b9b70769e015cecd61e8a7b180", "text": "Star Wars Episode I: Obi-Wan's Adventures Star Wars Episode I : Obi-Wan 's Adventures is a video game that chronicles the events of the film Star Wars : Episode I -- The Phantom Menace from the character Obi-Wan Kenobi 's perspective . It is the result of an agreement made in 2000 between the two video game publishers LucasArts and THQ . The agreement allows THQ to turn LucasArts licenses into games for the hand held console Game Boy Color , the first being Obi-Wan 's Adventures . THQ published the game and HotGen developed it . It was released on November 27 , 2000 . The story of Obi-Wan 's Adventures is set in the middle of a conflict in the Galactic Republic ; the antagonistic Trade Federation and the evil Sith Lord are planning to take control of the galaxy . In the game , the player operates the character Obi-Wan Kenobi as he fights the forces of the Trade Federation which culminates in a battle against Darth Maul . His weapons include a lightsaber , a blaster , and use of the Force . Since its release , Obi-Wan 's Adventures has received mixed reviews . The game has been criticized for its visuals and controls , but praised for its sound design and creative levels .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea1bb595e72a73bce3b7978b11a18efe", "text": "Thaumiel Thaumiel ( twins of God ) is the name of one of the Qliphoth in the Kabbalah , the shadow side of the Kabbalistic Tree of Life . It is the shadow of the Sephirah Keter ( the crown ) . While Keter is concerned with the unity of God , Thaumiel represents the dual contending forces , struggling , and it is represented by two giant heads with bat-like wings . The Qliphoth are not the opposite of the Sephirot , but the shadow . They are the chaotic forces that are unleashed when one of the Sephirot is not in balance with the others . Therefore , although Keter is concerned with unity , implicit in its existence is the concept of duality . It is the first emanation from the Ein Sof , the point of consciousness that crystallises out of the vast emptiness . Without the forces of the other sephiroth to balance it , specifically Malkuth below , it would exist as something apart from the Ein Sof , God in his totality . However , since all the paradoxical and contending forces unleashed through Keter find their eventual rest and resolution in Malkuth , balance and the unity of God are maintained . The ruler of Thaumiel is Satan . Satan in legend was the chief of the angels , holding a position similar to that of Kether . According to Islamic legend , after God created man , Satan and his angels refused to bow down before Adam . Ralph Austin describes that in the thought of the Islamic mystic , Ibn Arabi , the diabolical principle is that `` which resists the Self-Realizing urge to create the own-other object ( creation ) and insists in the sole right of pure spirit and transcendence , this being the reason for Satan 's refusal to obey God 's command to prostrate himself to Adam , from jealousy for the integrity of pure spirit . '' Seeing this in a kabbalistic way , this means the refusal of Kether , the pure spirit , to find completion and self-realisation through the act of emanation and creation , terminating in Malkuth . Satan therefore represents spiritual pride and arrogance . `` Second , it is also that principle which insists on the separate reality of cosmic life and substance and which denies all primacy to the Spirit . In other words , it is that principle which would seek to insist on the separate reality of either pole , at the expense of the other , and thus to impair the original wholeness of the divine experience as the Reality by trying to sever the all-important link between `` own '' and `` other '' and consign each to mutually exclusive isolation in absurdity '' . Which neatly fits with the kabbalistic description of Satan as the master of ` The Dual Contending Forces ' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "461c4e4d2fdf6cad9fb4c6daf2362274", "text": "Balance theory In the psychology of motivation , balance theory is a theory of attitude change , proposed by Fritz Heider . It conceptualizes the cognitive consistency motive as a drive toward psychological balance . The consistency motive is the urge to maintain one 's values and beliefs over time . Heider proposed that `` sentiment '' or liking relationships are balanced if the affect valence in a system multiplies out to a positive result . In social network analysis , balance theory is the extension proposed by Frank Harary and Dorwin Cartwright . It was the framework for the discussion at a Dartmouth College symposium in September 1975 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7a65be53f7afea1db11725e246615a85", "text": "Star Wars: The Interactive Video Board Game Star Wars : The Interactive Video Board Game : Assault on the Death Star is a board game and accompanying VHS video tape , released by Parker Brothers in 1996 . It is notable for including newly shot scenes twenty years after the first Star Wars film , featuring Darth Vader walking down the halls of the original Death Star set , in a performance reprised by David Prowse , James Earl Jones , and director of photography Gilbert Taylor . The game led to the canonization of four new characters in the Star Wars universe .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2ab6dc1a2120b76e9aada80ff2f0501f", "text": "The Rise and Fall of Darth Vader The Rise and Fall of Darth Vader is a young adult novel set in the Star Wars universe . It tells the complete story of the title character from his introduction in Star Wars : Episode I -- The Phantom Menace to his death in Return of the Jedi , chronicling his early life as a slave on Tatooine to his transformation to the Sith Lord title character to his ultimate redemption . The hard cover book , which is 211 pages , was written by Ryder Windham and published in October 2007 . Anakin 's story begins when he is taken with his mother to be a slave to Gardulla the Hutt , rival of Jabba the Hutt , on Tatooine . The story continues from there through the rest of the Star Wars films . In 2008 , a sequel was published by Windham titled The Life and Legend of Obi-Wan Kenobi , which follows the complete story of Obi-Wan Kenobi in the complete saga . In 2009 , another sequel followed titled A New Hope : The Life of Luke Skywalker , telling the story of the Luke Skywalker throughout the Star Wars films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ae880f779babc36e7dcc4490867782ce", "text": "Naboo Naboo is a planet in the fictional Star Wars universe with a mostly green terrain and which is the homeworld of two societies : the Gungans who dwell in underwater cities and the humans who live in colonies on the surface . Humans of Naboo have an electoral monarchy and maintain a peaceful culture that defends education , the arts , environmental protection and scientific achievements . The main capital of Naboo is Theed . Located in the Chommell sector , Naboo is the home planet of Padmé Amidala and Jar Jar Binks , as well as Senator ( later Supreme Chancellor and then Emperor ) Palpatine . In Star Wars : Episode I -- The Phantom Menace , it was the site of a blockade by the Trade Federation and the Battle of Naboo between the Federation and the native inhabitants . Naboo is seen in four films in the Star Wars series , having a prominent role in the first two prequels and glimpsed briefly in Revenge of the Sith and the 2004 DVD release of Return of the Jedi . Theed 's architecture , while referencing Ancient Rome and other classical traditions , was heavily inspired by the Frank Lloyd Wright-designed Marin County Civic Center in California . ( Skywalker Ranch and Industrial Light & Magic are both based in Marin County . )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab670e91c3b0efaf61210f71f2ddb918", "text": "Indian Defence Review Indian Defence Review ( IDR ) , the brainchild of former captain of the Indian Army , was launched on January 1 , 1986 as a logical continuum to Lancer established in 1979 , the first Indian publishing house dedicated to put forward the military experience and point of view . Under the professional stewardship of its first two editors , Lt Gen Mathew Thomas ( 1986 ) and Maj Gen Afsir Karim ( 1993 ) , both distinguished paratroopers , IDR began public engagement and national debate on military and security issues , which received immediate attention of the defence establishment , policy makers and national leadership in India . Continuing in this strong tradition and creating a niche , IDR publisher and its third editor , Capt Bharat Verma ( 1998 ) , succeeded in placing the national security challenges `` front and centre '' of the public debate . The reigns of this reputed Journal have passed into the hands of Lt Gen JS Bajwa ( Retired ) consequent to the sad and untimely demise of Capt Bharat Verma in July 2014 . With the launch of web version of the Journal , www.indiandefencereview.com in 2006 , IDR became India 's preeminent public publication on foreign policy and national security issues . The result of the spade work done by these three military officers in the private sector , for the first time brought the concerns of national security issues through a private forum in independent India to the national centre-stage . IDR remains a highly reliable , unbiased and unique source for government and defence officials , strategic planners , analysts , journalists and the general public on contemporary geo-political and geo-strategic issues presented by cerebral professionals . In addition , IDR extensively covers foreign policy , aerospace trends , naval affairs , army force development , and internal security and the defence industry . The Journal is a trusted , independent and comprehensive source of critical information and insight that is necessary for public debate and civil discourse on matters related to India 's sovereignty , national integrity , security and defence . When important national security and defence issues arise , IDR is not only part of the conversation but also shapes the national debate . IDR brings together leading experts ( military , government and academia ) who provide the highest quality of well considered , timely and authoritative expert analysis of current national and international events , emerging trends relating to security and defence , historical analysis and strategic forecasting and offer realistic , practical and pragmatic solutions and policy options that help address security and defence challenges impacting India . IDR writers have made deep inroads into national security and defence debate once considered to be the preserve of the establishment in New Delhi , which in the past only relied and depended on analysis imported from foreign publications . IDR , the country 's premium and most prestigious journal , won accolades including `` India 's best known military publication '' and `` the most impressive , useful and independent publication '' and remains the `` most quoted '' . Considered a ` policy making journal , ' IDR is recommended reading by the Army , Navy , and the Air Force headquarters for officers . Today , IDR is acknowledged as one of the top journals in the defence sector , is available in `` print '' as well as `` on-line '' and interacts with the social media .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cddc20dd18f3e8b71a33154c48dcda9d", "text": "Galactus Galactus is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . Formerly a mortal man , Galactus is a cosmic entity who originally consumed planets to sustain his life force , and serves a functional role in the upkeep of the primary Marvel continuity . Galactus was created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby and first appeared in the comic book Fantastic Four # 48 , published in March 1966 . Lee and Kirby had desired to introduce a character that broke away from the archetype of the standard villain , culminating in the creation of Galactus . In the character 's first appearance Galactus was depicted as a god-like figure who feeds by draining living planets of their energy , and operates without regard to the morality and judgements of mortal beings . Galactus ' initial origin was that of a space explorer named Galan who gained cosmic abilities by passing near a star , but writer Mark Gruenwald further developed the origin of the character , revealing that Galan lived during the previous universe . As Galan 's universe came to an end , Galan merged with the `` Sentience of the Universe '' to become Galactus , an entity that wielded such cosmic power as to require devouring entire planets to sustain his existence . Additional material written by John Byrne , Jim Starlin , and Louise Simonson explored Galactus ' role and purpose in the Marvel Universe , and examined the actions of the character through themes of genocide , manifest destiny , ethics , and natural/necessary existence . Frequently accompanied by a herald ( such as the Silver Surfer ) , the character has appeared as both antagonist and protagonist in central and supporting roles . Since debuting in the Silver Age of Comic Books , Galactus has played a role in over five decades of Marvel continuity . The character has been featured in other Marvel media , such as arcade games , video games , animated television series , and the 2007 film Fantastic Four : Rise of the Silver Surfer . In 2009 , Galactus ranked 5th on IGN 's list of `` Top 100 Comic Book Villains '' , citing the character 's `` larger than life presence '' as making him one of the more important villains ever created . IGN also noted `` Galactus is one of the few villains on our list to really defy the definition of an evil-doer '' as the character is compelled to destroy worlds because of his hunger .", "title": "" } ]	fever
4c38c25e34b4ab3eedf15e50fcbc1514	Einstein applied for Swiss citizenship.	[ { "docid": "6351990de185255155ed441c419fd653", "text": "Albert Einstein Albert Einstein ( -LSB- ˈaɪnstaɪn -RSB- -LSB- ˈalbɛɐ̯t ˈaɪnʃtaɪn -RSB- ; 14 March 1879 -- 18 April 1955 ) was a German-born theoretical physicist . He developed the theory of relativity , one of the two pillars of modern physics ( alongside quantum mechanics ) . Einstein 's work is also known for its influence on the philosophy of science . Einstein is best known by the general public for his mass -- energy equivalence formula ( which has been dubbed `` the world 's most famous equation '' ) . He received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics `` for his services to theoretical physics , and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect '' , a pivotal step in the evolution of quantum theory . Near the beginning of his career , Einstein thought that Newtonian mechanics was no longer enough to reconcile the laws of classical mechanics with the laws of the electromagnetic field . This led him to develop his special theory of relativity during his time at the Swiss Patent Office in Bern ( 1902 -- 1909 ) , Switzerland . He realized , however , that the principle of relativity could also be extended to gravitational fields , and with his subsequent theory of gravitation in 1916 , he published a paper on general relativity . He continued to deal with problems of statistical mechanics and quantum theory , which led to his explanations of particle theory and the motion of molecules . He also investigated the thermal properties of light which laid the foundation of the photon theory of light . In 1917 , Einstein applied the general theory of relativity to model the large-scale structure of the universe . Between 1895 and 1914 he lived in Switzerland ( except for one year in Prague , 1911 -- 12 ) , where he received his academic diploma from the Swiss Federal Polytechnic in Zürich ( later the Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule , ETH ) in 1900 . He later taught there at the same institute as a professor of theoretical physics between 1912 and 1914 before he left for Berlin . In 1901 , after being stateless for more than five years , Einstein acquired Swiss citizenship , which he kept for the rest of his life . In 1905 , Einstein was awarded a PhD by the University of Zürich . The same year , his annus mirabilis ( miracle year ) , he published four groundbreaking papers , which were to bring him to the notice of the academic world , at the age of 26 . He was visiting the United States when Adolf Hitler came to power in 1933 and , being Jewish , did not go back to Germany , where he had been a professor at the Berlin Academy of Sciences . He settled in the United States , becoming an American citizen in 1940 . On the eve of World War II , he endorsed a letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt alerting him to the potential development of `` extremely powerful bombs of a new type '' and recommending that the U.S. begin similar research . This eventually led to what would become the Manhattan Project . Einstein supported defending the Allied forces , but generally denounced the idea of using the newly discovered nuclear fission as a weapon . Later , with the British philosopher Bertrand Russell , Einstein signed the Russell -- Einstein Manifesto , which highlighted the danger of nuclear weapons . Einstein was affiliated with the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton , New Jersey , until his death in 1955 . Einstein published more than 300 scientific papers along with over 150 non-scientific works . Einstein 's intellectual achievements and originality have made the word `` Einstein '' synonymous with `` genius '' .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "24a3de281ff40650f9c52be42dccd9d1", "text": "Einstein notation In mathematics , especially in applications of linear algebra to physics , the Einstein notation or Einstein summation convention is a notational convention that implies summation over a set of indexed terms in a formula , thus achieving notational brevity . As part of mathematics it is a notational subset of Ricci calculus ; however , it is often used in applications in physics that do not distinguish between tangent and cotangent spaces . It was introduced to physics by Albert Einstein in 1916 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "04ad8bea9e8c7abe40a6c422cc044c07", "text": "Urs Hölzle Urs Hölzle ( -LSB- ˈʊrs ˈhœltslɛ -RSB- ) is a Swiss software engineer and technology executive . He is the senior vice president of technical infrastructure and Google Fellow at Google . As Google 's eighth employee and its first VP of Engineering , he has shaped much of Google 's development processes and infrastructure .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ff772ce9bc872d34475ef0c2817f067f", "text": "Paolo Budinich Paolo Budinich ( 28 August 1916 -- 14 November 2013 ) was a theoretical physicist . Born from a sailors ' descent from Lussingrande , grew up and studied in Trieste , where the family resided , because the father Antonio Budini taught in the local High School , the same where Paolo Budinich got his grade in 1934 . He later started his study course at Università degli Studi di Pisa graduating at the Scuola Normale Superiore in 1938 . In the same year he started to teach physics on the Italian training ship Amerigo Vespucci , belonging to Italian Naval Academy of Leghorn . During Second World War he served as Leutnant on the Navy submarines and observator on the Navy planes ; in 1941 Budinich was caught prisoner by the Royal Navy and became a prisoner of war , thus being transferred to England and in the United States . Back to Physics , in 1952 he worked with Werner Heisenberg in Göttingen and in 1954 with Wolfgang Pauli in Zürich . He was one of the first promoters of Trieste as a science resort at international level . In 1964 he founded in Trieste , together with Abdus Salam , the International Centre for Theoretical Physics ( ICTP ) . In the same year he promoted the Advanced School of Physics , that in 1978 was upgraded to the School for Higher Studies SISSA , which was the first Italian higher education institution providing PhD ( besides Scuola Normale Superiore in Pisa ) and became its first director . In his autobiography L'arcipelago delle meraviglie , published in 2000 , Budinich pleads for a reunification between science and philosophy and suggests a superior capability of mathematics to disclose unknown scientific discovery paths . His main work , The Spinorial Chessboard , written together with the polish mathematical physicist Andrzej Trautman , refers to Elie Cartan 's conceptual foundation of spinor geometry and explores its applications to modern physics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "94f10adcdfca6778e03778f0e6cb9d9e", "text": "Arthur Fonjallaz Arthur Fonjallaz ( 2 January 1875 -- 24 January 1944 ) was a Swiss military figure , publisher and fascist . The son of a vineyard owner from Lausanne ( he was born in nearby Prilly ) he attended the Military Academy of Modena and pursued a successful career in the Swiss Army , achieving the highest peace time rank of brigadier general whilst commanding the 4th Infantry Brigade . Fonjallaz took an early interest in politics , although his ideas were ill-defined as he was both a radical and an admirer of Enrico Corradini , whilst also becoming involved in an agrarian progentior of the Swiss People 's Party . Leaving the party in 1932 , he took up a post as principal of military sciences and war history at the École Polytechnique Féderal in Zürich Colonel Fonjallaz was , however , relieved of his duties in 1933 after it came to light that he had been a member of the governing board of the fascistic Heimatwehr as well as the National Front , both of which were noted for their virulent anti-Semitism . The wealthy Fonjallaz then set up Helvetic Action Against Secret Societies which was particularly geared towards opposing Freemasonry . Taking advantage of the initiative process , Fonjallaz attempted to pass an amendment to the Swiss Federal Constitution banning the practice , but this was defeated in 1937 . In 1932 , he had also led a group of his supporters to Italy for a meeting with Benito Mussolini and became a strong supporter of Italian fascism as a result . He soon founded the Swiss Fascist Federation , which received 2 million lira a year from Mussolini . A devoted follower of Mussolini , he spoke of the power of the rhetoric of Il Duce in glowing terms . As Mussolini began to speak presenting the goals of fascism , we Swiss understood immediately the significance of this man and responded to the radiant power of his personality . We were all directly convinced that such a leader could do more for world peace than hundreds of politicians . A supporter of a possible Italian annexation of the country , Fonjallaz was expelled from the Heimatwehr for this position , but continued to be a devotee of Mussolini , publishing a biography of his hero , Enérgie et Volonté ( Drive and Will ) , in 1937 . Despite this , Italian funding ended in 1936 and Fonjallaz disappeared from public life . Colonel Fonjallaz returned to the public eye in January 1940 when border guards arrested him in Schaffhausen as he was attempting to enter Nazi Germany . In a subsequent trial , Fonjallaz was found guilty of being a spy for Adolf Hitler , spending over two years in prison as a result . Released in 1943 , he died the following year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "041c0aee5c7182fa2f940d51f817d8ad", "text": "Friedrich-Karl Thielemann Friedrich-Karl `` Friedel `` Thielemann ( born April 17 , 1951 in Mülheim an der Ruhr ) is a German-Swiss theoretical astrophysicist . Thielemann studied at the TH Darmstadt , where he in 1976 he acquired his Diplom . In 1980 he earned his PhD under Wolfgang Hillebrandt ( in Garching ) and E. R. Hilf in nuclear astrophysics . As a post-doc he was with David Schramm and William David Arnett at the University of Chicago , William A. Fowler at Caltech , Hans Klapdor at the Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik , am Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik in Garching ( with Hillebrandt ) and at the University of Illinois ( with J. W. Truran ) . Starting in 1986 he was Assistant Professor and from 1991 Associate Professor at the Harvard Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics and at the Harvard Observatory of Harvard University . In 1994 he became a professor at the University of Basel . In 1995 he was a guest professor at the University of Turin and from 1997 to 2001 a guest scientist at Oak Ridge National Laboratory . Besides theoretical and computer-simulated astrophysics and nuclear astrophysics ( including important nuclear reactions and properties of unstable stellar cores , equations of state of quark-matter and core matter of higher density ) , he worked on the modeling of astrophysical plasmas for important subatomic processes . He investigated , among other things , supernovae , X-ray bursts , gamma ray bursts , fusion of neutron stars , emergence of heavy elements , and evolution of chemical elements in galaxies . In 1979 he received the Otto Hahn Medal . Since 1998 he is a fellow of the American Physical Society . In 2008 he received the Hans Bethe Prize `` for his many outstanding theoretical contributions to the understanding of nucleosynthesis , stellar evolution and stellar explosions . '' Since 2004 he is a member of the Swiss Research Council .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "030df20e0efe61a0b1bb01bd5900461b", "text": "Leo Szilard Leo Szilard ( -LSB- ˈsɪlɑːrd -RSB- Szilárd Leó -LSB- ˈsila : rd ˈlɛo : -RSB- ; Leo Spitz until age 2 ; February 11 , 1898 -- May 30 , 1964 ) was a Hungarian-born physicist and inventor . He conceived the nuclear chain reaction in 1933 , patented the idea of a nuclear reactor with Enrico Fermi , and in late 1939 wrote the letter for Albert Einstein 's signature that resulted in the Manhattan Project that built the atomic bomb . Szilard initially attended Palatine Joseph Technical University in Budapest , but his engineering studies were interrupted by service in the Austro-Hungarian Army during World War I . He left Hungary for Germany in 1919 , enrolling at Technische Hochschule ( Institute of Technology ) in Berlin-Charlottenburg , but became bored with engineering and transferred to Friedrich Wilhelm University , where he studied physics . He wrote his doctoral thesis on Maxwell 's demon , a long-standing puzzle in the philosophy of thermal and statistical physics . Szilard was the first to recognize the connection between thermodynamics and Information theory . In addition to the nuclear reactor , Szilard submitted patent applications for a linear accelerator in 1928 , and a cyclotron in 1929 . He also conceived the idea of an electron microscope . Between 1926 and 1930 , he worked with Einstein on the development of the Einstein refrigerator . After Adolf Hitler became chancellor of Germany in 1933 , Szilard urged his family and friends to flee Europe while they still could . He moved to England , where he helped found the Academic Assistance Council , an organization dedicated to helping refugee scholars find new jobs . While in England he discovered a means of isotope separation known as the Szilard -- Chalmers effect . Foreseeing another war in Europe , Szilard moved to the United States in 1938 , where he worked with Enrico Fermi and Walter Zinn on means of creating a nuclear chain reaction . He was present when this was achieved on December 2 , 1942 . He worked for the Manhattan Project 's Metallurgical Laboratory on aspects of nuclear reactor design . He drafted the Szilard petition advocating a demonstration of the atomic bomb , but the Interim Committee chose to use them against cities without warning . After the war , Szilard switched to biology . He invented the chemostat , discovered feedback inhibition , and was involved in the first cloning of a human cell . He publicly sounded the alarm against the possible development of salted thermonuclear bombs , a new kind of nuclear weapon that might annihilate mankind . Diagnosed with bladder cancer in 1960 , he underwent treatment using a cobalt-60 treatment that he had designed . He helped found the Salk Institute for Biological Studies , where he became a resident fellow . Szilard founded Council for a Livable World in 1962 to deliver `` the sweet voice of reason '' about nuclear weapons to Congress , the White House , and the American public . He died in his sleep of a heart attack in 1964 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "33e2f997f60647cbafd28d5e637dec65", "text": "Einstein refrigerator The Einstein -- Szilard or Einstein refrigerator is an absorption refrigerator which has no moving parts , operates at constant pressure , and requires only a heat source to operate . It was jointly invented in 1926 by Albert Einstein and his former student Leó Szilárd , who patented it in the U.S. on November 11 , 1930 . This is an alternative design from the original invention of 1922 by the Swedish inventors Baltzar von Platen and Carl Munters .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7b4066d240ac48061b173ffc157738ea", "text": "Kahler-Kreis Kahler-Kreis ( Kahler Circle ) refers to the circle , lasting from 1939 to the early 1970s , of intellectual friends of Erich Kahler and his second wife , Alice ( Lili or Lilly ) Loewy Kahler.This group , named the `` Kahler-Kreis '' by Charles Greenleaf Bell , had its physical center at the Kahlers ' house , One Evelyn Place in Princeton , New Jersey . Erich Kahler , a scholar , author , and lecturer , arrived in Princeton in 1939 as a financially destitute Jewish refugee from the Nazi regime . One Evelyn Place welcomed Jewish intellectual refugees from Europe and was filled with visitors , boarders , and cultural conversation . The Einstein family , the Thomas Mann family , and Hermann Broch were close friends of the Kahlers . The Kahler circle of friends also included Erwin Panofsky , Hetty Goldman , Ernst Kantorowicz , Kurt Gödel , and the painter Ben Shahn .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "10ff51b9f34eba4e8fbd06c8add796a3", "text": "Einstein on the Lake Einstein on the Lake is a novel by German physicist Ulrich Woelk .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "87cd8dfb4bf31d7a8be5cdea80217f2b", "text": "Einstein's Blackboard Einstein 's Blackboard is a blackboard which physicist Albert Einstein ( 1879 -- 1955 ) used on 16 May 1931 during his lectures while visiting the University of Oxford in England . The blackboard is one of the most iconic objects in the collection of the Museum of the History of Science in Oxford .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "519a9aa291abaf83dbbc518c0bf742ca", "text": "Alfred Mirsky Alfred Ezra Mirsky ( October 17 , 1900 -- June 19 , 1974 ) was an American pioneer in molecular biology . Mirsky graduated from Harvard College in 1922 , after which he studied for two years at the Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons until 1924 when he moved to the University of Cambridge on a US National Research Council fellowship for the academic year 1924 -- 1925 . He received his PhD from Cambridge in 1926 , with a dissertation under Lawrence J. Henderson on the Haemoglobin molecule , completing work begun under Joseph Barcroft . On May 25 , 1926 Mirsky married Reba Paeff , who went on to become a renowned children 's author ; they had a daughter , Reba Goodman and a son , Jonathan Mirsky . In 1927 Mirsky was appointed Lab Assistant to Alfred E. Cohn at the then Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research , beginning his association with Rockefeller University . During a sabbatical year at the California Institute of Technology , Mirsky published a paper with Linus Pauling on the general theory of protein structure , suggesting that the structure of proteins are coiled in a specific configuration that accounts for the function in the body , and that the protein is denatured when that configuration is lost by breaking the hydrogen bonds that stabilize the structure . One of Mirsky 's more notorious contributions while at the Rockefeller Institute was his attempt to discredit Oswald Avery . Avery had correctly shown that DNA was likely the agent of heredity . However , Mirsky went to great lengths to block Avery 's discovery because of doubts that DNA was the sole genetic material . It is said he even urged the Karolinska Institute in Sweden not to award Avery the Nobel Prize . Eventually Mirsky 's efforts were successful . Avery did not win the prize , despite as Erwin Chargaff claims , Avery 's work was worth two Nobel Prizes . Mirsky became an official Member of the Rockefeller Institute in 1948 , and in 1950 was internationally congratulated for the `` grand discovery '' of DNA constancy , which proved the concept of DNA as the hereditary material . He served as an editor of The Journal of General Physiology in 1951 -- 1961 . Mirsky was made Professor in 1954 when the Institute became Rockefeller University . He was also elected to the United States National Academy of Sciences in the same year . Mirsky was highly involved in university affairs , and in 1959 he initiated a series of lectures for high school students , now named the Alfred E. Mirsky Holiday Lecture on Science in his honour . In 1962 Mirsky chose a new lab assistant from a pool of candidates , in choosing a woman , Ellie Donoghue , he set a precedent by making her the first female lab assistant in the Institute 's history , the very same position which he first held upon his initial association with Rockefeller Institute . Mirsky proceeded to entrust Ms. Donoghue with assistance in his research and the running of his laboratory , setting an early precedent for the advancement of women in the labs at Rockefeller University . Following retirement from his laboratory in an official capacity in 1964 , he served as librarian of the Rockefeller University from 1965 until 1972 , all the while being allowed to maintain his laboratory at the university for his personal research . He continued to make groundbreaking contributions to the study of cell nuclei in rodents and bovines in direct parallels to the structure of cell nuclei in humans . After his wife , Reba Paeff Mirsky , died in 1966 he donated her valuable jewelry collection , save for a few pieces distributed to family and close friends , to the university 's collection . This collection of jewelry , acquired during their many trips around the world , is a part of the university 's holdings to this day . He went on to marry fellow Rockefeller employee Sonia Wohl in 1967 . Mirsky became professor emeritus in 1971 , after forty-four years at the Rockefeller Institute and University . Mirsky traveled widely and was quite knowledgeable in archaeology and art history ; his priceless collection of art and historical objects was willed to the Rockefeller University upon his death in 1974 and remains in their permanent collection .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aad58b6d950ff1144c3e0c2a78f48e53", "text": "Swiss Film Award The Swiss Film Award ( formerly Swiss Film Prize ) ( Prix du cinéma suisse , Schweizer Filmpreis , Premio del cinema svizzero , Premi dal film svizzer ) is the national film award of Switzerland , first given out in 1998 . 1998 to 2008 : the Prize was given in during the Solothurn Film Festival . 2009 : the nomination night happened in Solothurn during January . Each film nominated received a cash-prize . During the beginning of March , a `` glamour '' ceremony , the first one of its kind , was organised in Lucerne . The prize awarded is a Cristal-like statue , called `` The Quartz '' . 2009 was the last year where the Jury was composed of people from the Swiss state and the Federal Office of Culture . 2010 : Nomination in Solothurn again , during the Solothurn Film Festival during January . Ceremony in Lucerne in March . The prizes have been awarded for the first time by the Swiss Film Academy , created in 2008 . It was the first time that no state intervention occurred .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2536eacbd09c8cdeae16234479dcd82d", "text": "Russell–Einstein Manifesto The Russell -- Einstein Manifesto was issued in London on 9 July 1955 by Bertrand Russell in the midst of the Cold War . It highlighted the dangers posed by nuclear weapons and called for world leaders to seek peaceful resolutions to international conflict . The signatories included eleven pre-eminent intellectuals and scientists , including Albert Einstein , who signed it just days before his death on 18 April 1955 . A few days after the release , philanthropist Cyrus S. Eaton offered to sponsor a conference -- called for in the manifesto -- in Pugwash , Nova Scotia , Eaton 's birthplace . This conference was to be the first of the Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs , held in July 1957 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eb56861d7cf18653e1a82aa0f69ff49c", "text": "Johann III Bernoulli Johann III Bernoulli ( also known as Jean ; 4 November 1744 , Basel -- 13 July 1807 , Berlin ) , grandson of Johann Bernoulli , and son of Johann II Bernoulli . He was known around the world as a child prodigy . He studied at Basel and at Neuchâtel , and when thirteen years of age took the degree of doctor in philosophy . When he was fourteen , he got the degree of master of jurisprudence . At nineteen he was appointed astronomer royal of Berlin . A year later , he reorganized the astronomical observatory at the Berlin Academy . Some years after , he visited Germany , France and England , and subsequently Italy , Russia and Poland . His travel accounts were of great cultural and historical importance ( 1772 -- 1776 ; 1777 -- 1779 ; 1781 ) . He wrote about Kashubians . On his return to Berlin he was appointed director of the mathematical department of the academy . His writings consist of travels and astronomical , geographical and mathematical works . In 1774 he published a French translation of Leonhard Euler 's Elements of Algebra . He contributed several papers to the Academy of Berlin , and in 1774 he was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences . He was entrusted with the administration of Bernoulli family 's mathematical estate . The bulk of the correspondence was sold to the Swedish Academy where it was overlooked until rediscovered by Hugo Gyldén at the Stockholm Observatory in 1877 . He is one of the last notable members of the Bernoulli family .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f0f900cb851b5b02f072ef744da20d4c", "text": "Romansh people The Romansh people ( also spelled Romansch , Rumantsch , or Romanche ; Romansh : , rumàntsch , or ) are a people and ethnic group of Switzerland , native speakers of the Romansh language . They are usually multilingual , also speaking German ( both the standard variety and the local Swiss German ) and sometimes Italian , which are the other official languages of Graubünden , the canton where they are concentrated . They make up about 1 % of Switzerland 's population and 15 % of Graubünden 's . The Romansh people began advocating for an end to German dominion over them starting with World War I . In 1937 the Swiss government recognized the Romansh language for the first time as one of Switzerland 's four national languages , though only for use within the canton , not at the federal level . The Romansh people appeared to be mostly satisfied with this status until the 1980s when debate arose over Switzerland 's relationship with the greater European continent and the concept of the European Union began to form . The Romansh people advocated heavily for Switzerland 's membership in the Union , but the referendum to join it was narrowly defeated in 1992 by the German majority and Switzerland remained a nation apart with the Romansh people a nation apart within it though with ever-increasing sovereignty and recognition at the federal level to the point that Romansh is now considered one of the official federal languages of the Swiss Confederation . The Romansh national leadership in Switzerland expressly stated its interest in Switzerland joining the European Union in terms of a pro-European stance and not an anti-Swiss-Confederation one , openly recognizing that the Confederation , though dominated by the German Swiss and with large Swiss French and Swiss Italian contingents , had sheltered the tiny Romansh minority population for nearly 200 years , never engaging in programs to erase their identity or language nor forcing them to relocate to accommodate any other ethnic group as had been the norm with a variety of other ethnic minorities throughout Europe . Though there have been some stumbling blocks , the history of the relationship between the Romansh people and the other ethnic peoples of Switzerland appears to have been and continues to be an unusually polite and respectful one .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7af20949760be19c840881055dcfeae7", "text": "Swiss cheese (mathematics) In mathematics , a Swiss cheese is a compact subset of the complex plane obtained by removing from a closed disc some countable union of open discs . More generally , a Swiss cheese may be all or part of Euclidean space Rn -- or of an even more complicated manifold -- with `` holes '' in it .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bf366ffa5c2d853bf15259b9aa831336", "text": "Solvay Institute of Sociology The Solvay Institute of Sociology -LSB- SIS ; Institut de Sociologie Solvay -RSB- assumed its first `` definitive form '' ( Solvay 1902/1906 : 26 ) on November 16 , 1902 , when its founder Ernest Solvay , a wealthy Belgian chemist , industrialist , and philanthropist , inaugurated the original edifice of SIS in Parc Léopold ( BS 2006 ) . Under the guidance of its first director , Emile Waxweiler , SIS expressed a `` conception of a sociology open to all of the disciplines of the human sciences : ethnology , of course , but also economics -LSB- ... -RSB- and psycho-physiology , contact with which was facilitated by the proximity of the Institute of Physiology '' ( Vatin 1996 : 486 ) . While SIS is now part of the Université Libre de Bruxelles and known more simply as that university 's Institute of Sociology -LSB- Institut de Sociologie -RSB- , the approach instigated by Solvay and Waxweiler still serves as methodological framework : a synergy between basic and applied research involving interdisciplinary studies firmly anchored in social life ( IS 2007 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a99e47c9e5bc7ec296620cf970d65b97", "text": "Switzerland (disambiguation) Switzerland is a country in Europe . Switzerland may also refer to : Bohemian Switzerland , a region in the north-western Czech Republic Franconian Switzerland , an upland in Upper Franconia , northern Bavaria Holstein Switzerland , a hilly area in Schleswig-Holstein , Germany Norman Switzerland , a hilly area in Normandy , France Saxon Switzerland , a mountainous area and national park near Dresden in Saxony , Germany Switzerland , Florida , an unincorporated community in the United States Switzerland , South Carolina , in the United States Switzerland County , Indiana , a county in southeastern Indiana in the United States Switzerland Township , Monroe County , Ohio , a civil township in southeastern Ohio in the United States Switzerland ( album ) , a 2006 album by Electric Six Little Switzerland ( landscape ) , an aesthetic term for land Switzerland ( software ) , a packet monitor tool for ISP testing", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8a1ecd869f7273bad4cc2c9985484327", "text": "List of Heidelberg University people Alumni and faculty of the university include many founders and pioneers of academic disciplines , and a large number of internationally acclaimed philosophers , poets , jurisprudents , theologians , natural and social scientists . 56 Nobel Laureates , at least 18 Leibniz Laureates , and two `` Oscar '' winners have been associated with Heidelberg University . Nine Nobel Laureates received the award during their tenure at Heidelberg . Besides several Federal Ministers of Germany and Prime Ministers of German States , five Chancellors of Germany have attended the university , the latest being Helmut Kohl , the `` Chancellor of the Reunification '' . Heads of State or Government of Belgium , Bulgaria , Greece , Nicaragua , Serbia , Thailand , a British Crown Prince , a Secretary General of NATO and a director of the International Peace Bureau have also been educated at Heidelberg ; among them Nobel Peace Laureates Charles Albert Gobat and Auguste Beernaert . Former university affiliates in the field of religion include Pope Pius II , Cardinals , Bishops , and with Philipp Melanchthon and Zacharias Ursinus two key leaders of Protestant Reformation . Outstanding university affiliates in the legal profession include a President of the International Court of Justice , two Presidents of the European Court of Human Rights , a President of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea , a Vice President of the International Criminal Court , an Advocate General at the European Court of Justice , at least 16 Justices of the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany , a President of the Federal Court of Justice , a President of the Federal Court of Finance , a President of the Federal Labor Court , two Attorney Generals of Germany , and a British Law Lord . In business , Heidelberg alumni and faculty notably founded , co-founded or presided over ABB Group ; Astor corporate enterprises ; BASF ; BDA ; Daimler AG ; Deutsche Bank ; EADS ; Krupp AG ; Siemens AG ; and Thyssen AG . Alumni in the field of arts include classical composer Robert Schumann , philosophers Ludwig Feuerbach and Edmund Montgomery , poet Joseph Freiherr von Eichendorff and writers Christian Friedrich Hebbel , Gottfried Keller , Irene Frisch , Heinrich Hoffmann , Sir Muhammad Iqbal , José Rizal , W. Somerset Maugham , Jean Paul , and Literature Nobel Laureate Carl Spitteler . Amongst Heidelberg alumni in other disciplines are the `` Father of Psychology '' Wilhelm Wundt , the `` Father of Physical Chemistry '' J. Willard Gibbs , the `` Father of American Anthropology '' Franz Boas , Dmitri Mendeleev , who created the periodic table of elements , inventor of the two-wheeler principle Karl Drais , Alfred Wegener , who discovered the continental drift , as well as political theorist Hannah Arendt , political scientist Carl Joachim Friedrich , and sociologists Karl Mannheim , Robert E. Park and Talcott Parsons . Philosophers Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel , Karl Jaspers , Hans-Georg Gadamer , and Jürgen Habermas served as university professors , as did also the pioneering scientists Hermann von Helmholtz , Robert Wilhelm Bunsen , Gustav Robert Kirchhoff , Emil Kraepelin , the founder of scientific psychiatry , and outstanding social scientists such as Max Weber , the founding father of modern sociology . Present faculty include Medicine Nobel Laureates Bert Sakmann ( 1991 ) and Harald zur Hausen ( 2008 ) , Chemistry Nobel Laureate Stefan Hell ( 2014 ) , 7 Leibniz Laureates , former Justice of the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany Paul Kirchhof , and Rüdiger Wolfrum , the former President of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea . __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cbd7d3bbcb245f28a7d82f9b4a8c0de4", "text": "Heidelberg Appeal The Heidelberg Appeal , authored by Michel Salomon and signed by a large number of scientists , is a statement decrying `` an irrational ideology which is opposed to scientific and industrial progress , and impedes economic and social development . '' Issued to coincide with the opening of the United Nations-sponsored Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro in 1992 , the Appeal stated that its signers : `` share the objectives of the ` Earth Summit ' '' but advised `` the authorities in charge of our planet 's destiny against decisions which are supported by pseudo-scientific arguments or false and non-relevant data . ... The greatest evils which stalk our Earth are ignorance and oppression , and not Science , Technology and Industry . '' It was carefully worded to be directed generally at underfunded and poorly conducted science , rather than specifically at climate change . This allowed it to be promoted and exploited by a number of different industries by using this in the context of their own pollution defenses . In fact , the Appeal was created and promoted by a group of industry associations with polluting problems ( including chemical , energy , and mining concerns ) : the tobacco industry was involved , but in this case it was not the primary driving force . At that time the tobacco industry was focussed on trying to change the scientific standards for Good Epidemiology Practice ( GEP ) A version of the Heidelberg Appeal was published in the June 1 , 1992 , Wall Street Journal over the signatures of 46 prominent scientists and other intellectuals . It has subsequently been endorsed by some 4,000 scientists , including 72 Nobel Prize winners . The Appeal was for an anthropocentric assessment of the world 's resources and a utilitarian as opposed to abolitionist approach to hazardous substances used or created by technology . It targeted as irrational , by implication , if not explicitly , both a vision of a `` Natural State '' with intrinsic rights to impede the activities of man , and hysterical fears of environmental poisons , disproportionate to the threat and dismissive of their associated benefits . The Heidelberg Appeal has been enthusiastically embraced by critics of the environmental movement such as S. Fred Singer of the Science and Environmental Policy Project . Conservative think tanks frequently cite the Heidelberg Appeal as proof that scientists reject the theory of global warming as well as a host of other environmental health risks associated with modern science and industry . Its name has subsequently been adopted by the Heidelberg Appeal Nederland Foundation , which was founded in 1993 and disputes health risks related to nitrates in foods and antibiotic-resistant bacteria . The Heidelberg Appeal was promoted in 1993 by the International Center for a Scientific Ecology , a group set up by Michael Salomon `` that was considered important in Philip Morris ' plans to create a group in Europe similar to The Advancement of Sound Science Coalition ( TASSC ) '' . Parts of the Heidelberg Appeal endorse environmental concerns , such as a sentence that states , `` We fully subscribe to the objectives of a scientific ecology for a universe whose resources must be taken stock of , monitored and preserved . '' Its 72 Nobel laureates include 49 who also signed the `` World Scientists ' Warning to Humanity '' , which was circulated that same year by the Union of Concerned Scientists ( UCS ) and attracted the majority of the world 's living Nobel laureates in science along with some 1,700 other leading scientists . In contrast with the vagueness of the Heidelberg Appeal , the `` World Scientists ' Warning '' is a very explicit environmental manifesto , stating that `` human beings and the natural world are on a collision course '' and citing ozone depletion , global climate change , air pollution , groundwater depletion , deforestation , overfishing , and species extinction among the trends that threaten to `` so alter the living world that it will be unable to sustain life in the manner that we know . '' Moreover the Heidelberg Appeal has been , if not specifically misrepresented , at least broadly interpreted out of context , for example , by The National Center for Public Policy which asserts `` The appeal warns industrialized nations that no compelling scientific consensus exists to justify mandatory greenhouse gas emissions cuts . '' Although the Heidelberg Appeal may be open to such an interpretation , it is not what the document said , as the text below shows . 1994 Jun 16 Matt Winokur then sends to a list of PM organisers a note saying : APCo ( the old spelling of APCO Worldwide ) is completing its evaluation of a Symposium for Europe in the fall . They have forwarded the draft Guiding Scientific Principles ( or GEP ) which would constitute the outcome of such a meeting . They are on the right track but the language is too vague . ( Tom ) Borelli and ( Richard ) Carchman will review and tighten . Obviously , any output from the symposium must be supportive of GEP . So the bottom line for both the GEP resolution and GEP Symposium must be in synch . Burson ( Marsteller ) has begun its feasibility review based on a more explicit understanding that GEP is what we are interested in promoting . I gather from Jim -LSB- Lindheim of B-M -RSB- that there may have been a misunderstanding as to whether or not Burson was to have proceeded with the review prior to the presentation of a `` joint '' proposal -LSB- APCO and B-M -RSB- . I was aware that Burson began and take responsibility for allowing them to proceed . If you do n't want to pay for it then I will . But the intelligence obtained from their interviews with potential coalition sponsors as well as information about analogous efforts by existing groups , e.g. , Heidelberg , will be critical to the development of a comprehensive Burson/APCo proposal . -LSB- Note : after a territory battle , Philip Morris had suggested that rivals APCO and B-M present this as a joint proposal -RSB- The Burson research is necessary now in order to tell us whether it is possible or efficient to try to develop an enduring -LSB- ` Sound Science ' -RSB- coalition following on from the symposium . Possible , in that there may prove to be an insufficient amount of interest in the corporate sector for such a movement . Efficient , in that there may already exist analogous groups which we could use without going to the effort of starting one from scratch . And we need to be careful not to step on unseen toes . For example , Bruce Ames is part of TASSC and Heidelberg . Do we need/want him on a third group in Europe ? Thus the benefit in having Burson complete the study now , is that what they learn will be factored into both the content of the symposium AND inform us as to what options are available after the symposium concludes . If we only want a one off event , that 's our decision . But I would think we 'd at least want a mechanism to be able to tap the participants to later on endorse the GEP resolution in the appropriate EU institutions . The Burson research will also turn up corporate interest in GEP in general which may help us identify allies regardless of whether we do either a symposium or create a coalition . The presentation therefore at the next TF mtg. will be a single proposal for PM prepared jointly by Burson and APCo . And I 've asked Margery -LSB- Krause of APCO -RSB- and Jim -LSB- Lindheim of B-M -RSB- to come themselves , as well as any other support staff they may wish to have accompany them .", "title": "" } ]	fever
af8369903b7dbe4d942981e0e7926bb3	Oliver Reed failed to be cast in Funny Bones.	[ { "docid": "56a1663dc69781dffd6bb8009466db6a", "text": "Oliver Reed Robert Oliver Reed ( 13 February 1938 -- 2 May 1999 ) was an English actor known for his upper-class , macho image , hellraiser lifestyle , and `` tough guy '' roles . Notable films include The Trap ( 1966 ) , Oliver ! ( 1968 ) , Women in Love ( 1969 ) , Hannibal Brooks ( 1969 ) , The Devils ( 1971 ) , The Three Musketeers ( 1973 ) , Tommy ( 1975 ) , Lion of the Desert ( 1981 ) , Castaway ( 1986 ) , The Adventures of Baron Munchausen ( 1988 ) and Funny Bones ( 1995 ) . For Gladiator ( 2000 ) , his final film , Reed was posthumously nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role . At the peak of his career , in 1971 , British exhibitors voted Reed 5th most popular star at the box office .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "4c7f81daff2d93d875a0825ba76a7bb8", "text": "Alan Reed Alan Reed , also known professionally as Alan Reed , Sr. , ( August 20 , 1907 -- June 14 , 1977 ) was an American actor and voice artist , best known as the original voice of Fred Flintstone ( although Daws Butler voiced the character in the pilot ) , whom he was said to have physically resembled , on The Flintstones and various spinoff series . He also appeared in many films , including Days of Glory , The Tarnished Angels , Breakfast at Tiffany 's , Viva Zapata ! ( as Pancho Villa ) , and Nob Hill , and various television series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "626adc448b83c214cef87ea9e0b8b093", "text": "The Rise of the Johnsons The Rise of the Johnsons is a 1914 American silent comedy film featuring Oliver Hardy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd78da09abf31f565e26574f03aea421", "text": "Frozen Hearts Frozen Hearts is a 1923 American silent comedy film starring Stan Laurel . One of a number of films he made before teaming up with Oliver Hardy , here peasant Stan duels with the ruling elite in Tsarist Russia for the love of his girl . The film also featured Laurel 's common law wife Mae Laurel .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e5ceaf3ae58849cf2f5f5a52a820df9c", "text": "Mark Lester Mark Lester ( born Mark A. Letzer ; 11 July 1958 ) is an English former child actor known for playing the title role in the 1968 musical film version of Oliver ! and starring in a number of other British and European films of the 1960s and 1970s and in a number of television series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "90f49db41d93404d56cbd216fdd26c13", "text": "Oliver Irving Oliver Irving is a British film director . He directed and wrote How To Be starring Robert Pattinson . Based in New York , he is currently in post-production on the feature comedy-thriller Ghost Team , which stars Jon Heder , David Krumholtz , Melonie Diaz , Paul W. Downs with Justin Long and Amy Sedaris and is set for release in fall 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4891dbe33bb66a58cdc006aa8fe6c939", "text": "Rex Reed Rex Taylor Reed ( born October 2 , 1938 ) is an American film critic and former co-host of the syndicated television show At the Movies . He currently writes the column `` On the Town with Rex Reed '' for The New York Observer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b8b4f58ac5e527eba933069e120cc6ed", "text": "Fat and Fickle Fat and Fickle is a 1916 American comedy film directed by and starring Oliver Hardy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8fea465fcabb398c9acd0286f1eafcea", "text": "Luv (play) Luv is a play by Murray Schisgal . A mix of absurdist humor and traditional Broadway comedy in the Neil Simon vein , Luv concerns two college friends - misfit Harry and materialistic Milt - who are reunited when the latter stops the former from jumping off a bridge , the play 's setting . Each discovers the other is equally miserable as they share hard-luck stories . Milt sees in Harry an answer to his primary problem - his wife Ellen , who he tries to foist on his old pal so he can run off with his mistress . After twenty-eight previews , the Broadway production , directed by Mike Nichols , opened on November 11 , 1964 at the Booth Theatre . It transferred to the Broadhurst and then the now-demolished Helen Hayes before completing its run of 901 performances . It won the Tony Award for Best Director , Best Producer ( Claire Nichtern ) and Best Scenic Design ( Oliver Smith ) . Alan Arkin , Eli Wallach , and Anne Jackson comprised the original cast . Barbara Bel Geddes , Larry Blyden , Gene Wilder , and Gabriel Dell were among the replacement performers later in the run . The 1967 film version , directed by Clive Donner and starring Jack Lemmon , Peter Falk , and Elaine May , added various locations and extraneous characters . Reviews criticized Donner 's heavy-handed approach to the material and the miscasting of the three leads , and it proved to be a commercial failure . Harrison Ford has an uncredited role as a hippie .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a435e9300baafc7623581562f4026c41", "text": "Jack Reed: Badge of Honor Jack Reed : Badge of Honor is a 1993 crime drama made-for-television film written by Andrew Laskos , directed by Kevin Connor starring Brian Dennehy , Susan Ruttan , and Alice Krige . It was the sequel to the 1992 made-for-TV crime drama Deadly Matrimony , continuing the fictional Jack Reed character in a television film series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0ed90829e3184cc196755ba12f1f4042", "text": "Oliver Twist (1912 film) Oliver Twist is a 1912 British silent drama film directed by Thomas Bentley and starring Ivy Millais , Alma Taylor and Harry Royston . It is an adaptation of the 1838 novel Oliver Twist by Charles Dickens . It was the directorial debut of Bentley who went on to become a leading British director . It was the first in a series of Dickens adaptations by Bentley .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7fff74269d06eae8ca9f4bdcb9d0f06b", "text": "Stan Laurel Stan Laurel ( born Arthur Stanley Jefferson ; 16 June 1890 -- 23 February 1965 ) was an English comic actor , writer and film director , most famous for his role in the comedy duo Laurel and Hardy . He appeared with his comedy partner Oliver Hardy in 107 short films , feature films , and cameo roles . Laurel began his career in music hall , where he appropriated a number of his standard comic devices : the bowler hat , the deep comic gravity and the nonsensical understatement . His performances polished his skills at pantomime and music hall sketches . Laurel was a member of `` Fred Karno 's Army , '' where he was Charlie Chaplin 's understudy . With Chaplin , the two arrived in the United States on the same ship from the United Kingdom with the Karno troupe . Laurel began his film career in 1917 and made his final appearance in 1951 . From 1928 onwards , he appeared exclusively with Oliver Hardy . Laurel officially retired from the screen following his comedy partner 's death in 1957 . In 1961 , Laurel was given a Lifetime Achievement Academy Award for his pioneering work in comedy . He has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 7021 Hollywood Blvd. . Laurel and Hardy ranked top among best double acts and seventh overall in a 2005 UK poll to find the Comedians ' Comedian . In 2009 , a bronze statue of the duo was unveiled in Laurel 's home town of Ulverston .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ecfe8538a6632ccc411b442f170f3fb2", "text": "Nick Benedict Nick Benedict ( born July 14 , 1947 in Los Angeles ) is an American actor . He played the role of Curtis Reed in Days of Our Lives between 1993 and 2001 . He is the older half-brother of Samuel Benedict and the son of actor Richard Benedict . He made his debut in 1955 in the series Wiretapper as a child . His first performance as an adult was in Mike and the Mermaid at the age of 17 . In 1969 he appeared in the Mission Impossible TV series episode , The Vault . He appeared on The Dukes Of Hazzard , as Frank James , in the seventh season episode Go West , Young Dukes . In 1990 he starred alongside Nancy Allen in the TV film Memories of a Murder . In the 1990s he mainly appeared in films aside from his ongoing role in Days of our Lives . His last screen appearance was minor role in George Santo Pietro 's Kept in 2001 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ced134ae2a66d503f9cf8cf8ec29170d", "text": "Not Much Force Not Much Force is a 1915 American silent comedy film featuring Oliver Hardy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d61f15e3e3048d0ad9a5a5e9ce3d689f", "text": "Oliver Wells Oliver Wells may refer to : Oliver Wells ( Bones ) , a character on the TV series Bones Oliver Elwin Wells ( 1853 -- 1922 ) , American educator", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f324305448f33d616b9b7105ac8b92db", "text": "Reed Between the Lines Reed Between the Lines is an American television family sitcom that premiered on October 11 , 2011 , on BET . The series was renewed for a second season on April 12 , 2011 . It was later announced in August 2012 that Tracee Ellis Ross would not return for the second season and three new cast members ( Charlie Robinson , Michole White , and Tony Rock ) would be joining the cast . On September 12 , 2013 , it was revealed that Reed Between the Lines had been canceled and that Young Man on Campus would not be green-lit to series . Malcolm Jamal-Warner confirmed in December 2013 that the second season will not air despite the network completing production on an entire second season in late 2012 . Centric has picked up the series for a second season which premiered on September 18 , 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "918b21a9b2bd6860ff1b55f69c101406", "text": "The Other Girl The Other Girl is a 1917 American comedy film directed by and starring Oliver Hardy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1da189226c838b1340f1dfe9e3b07250", "text": "Robert Hardy Timothy Sydney Robert Hardy , CBE , FSA ( born 29 October 1925 ) is an English actor with a long career in the theatre , film and television .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8c65d10c50f0d291933aacb9c49d920d", "text": "Jimmy Hawkins James F. Hawkins ( born November 13 , 1941 ) , known as Jimmy Hawkins , and later , Jim Hawkins , is an American actor and film producer whose career began as a child actor to such Hollywood stars as Lana Turner , Spencer Tracy , James Stewart , and Donna Reed . His acting career spans the time frame from 1944 -- 1974 , after which he devoted his energies to the production of films and later to his construction/contracting business . Hawkins had starring roles in several television series : The Ruggles ( 1949 -- 1952 ) , Annie Oakley ( 1954 -- 1957 , syndicated ) , The Donna Reed Show ( 1958 -- 1966 , ABC ) , and Petticoat Junction ( the first four seasons , 1963 -- 1967 , CBS ) . He also had recurring roles as ( 1 ) a friend of the Nelson brothers on ABC 's The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet and ( 2 ) as Jonathan Baylor on CBS 's Ichabod and Me sitcom with Robert Sterling and George Chandler in the 1961 -- 1962 season . He guest starred in many other programs during his childhood and young adult years , such as the CBS sitcom , Dennis the Menace . Hawkins was born in Los Angeles to Thomas J. Hawkins ( 1913 -- 1993 ) and Bette C. Hawkins ( born c. 1916 ) . His first roles -- as a two-year-old -- were uncredited -- Spencer Tracy 's The Seventh Cross and Lana Turner 's Marriage Is a Private Affair at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios . His mother was the force behind his early childhood acting . He graduated from the Roman Catholic-affiliated Notre Dame High School in Sherman Oaks , Los Angeles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c13195d0f47d5d5740169f32f0768f7c", "text": "Oliver Twist (1985 TV serial) Oliver Twist is a 1985 BBC TV serial . It was directed by Gareth Davies , and adapted by Alexander Baron from the novel by Charles Dickens . It follows the book more closely than any of the other film adaptions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "383aebd9a18415e19d28c3f67f38511e", "text": "Twin Flats Twin Flats is a 1916 American silent comedy film featuring Oliver Hardy .", "title": "" } ]	fever
4e3dbb01674348dfa0cad38adeca56ef	Wilt Chamberlain played for a team.	[ { "docid": "fa75c191fa0b6d8ca33085f9f78f855f", "text": "Wilt Chamberlain Wilton Norman Chamberlain ( August 21 , 1936 -- October 12 , 1999 ) was an American basketball player . He played for the Philadelphia/San Francisco Warriors , the Philadelphia 76ers , and the Los Angeles Lakers of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) ; he played for the University of Kansas and also for the Harlem Globetrotters before playing in the NBA . The 7 foot 1 inch Chamberlain weighed 250 pounds as a rookie before bulking up to 275 and eventually to over 300 pounds with the Lakers . He played the center position and is widely considered one of the greatest and most dominant players in NBA history . Chamberlain holds numerous NBA records in scoring , rebounding , and durability categories . He is the only player to score 100 points in a single NBA game or average more than 40 and 50 points in a season . He also won seven scoring , eleven rebounding , nine field goal percentage titles and led the league in assists once . Chamberlain is the only player in NBA history to average at least 30 points and 20 rebounds per game in a season , a feat he accomplished seven times . He is also the only player to average at least 30 points and 20 rebounds per game over the entire course of his NBA career . Although he suffered a long string of professional losses , Chamberlain had a successful career , winning two NBA championships , earning four regular-season Most Valuable Player awards , the Rookie of the Year award , one NBA Finals MVP award , and being selected to 13 All-Star Games and ten All-NBA First and Second teams . Chamberlain was subsequently enshrined in the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 1978 , elected into the NBA 's 35th Anniversary Team of 1980 , and chosen as one of the 50 Greatest Players in NBA History of 1996 . Chamberlain was known by various nicknames during his basketball playing career . He hated the ones that called attention to his height such as `` Goliath '' and `` Wilt the Stilt '' , which was coined during his high school days by a Philadelphia sportswriter . He preferred `` The Big Dipper '' , which was inspired by his friends who saw him dip his head as he walked through doorways . After his basketball career ended , Chamberlain played volleyball in the short-lived International Volleyball Association , was president of this organization , and is enshrined in the IVA Hall of Fame for his contributions . Chamberlain was also a successful businessman , authored several books , and appeared in the movie Conan the Destroyer . He was a lifelong bachelor , and became notorious for his claim to have had sexual intercourse with as many as 20,000 women .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c40d9f1964f8cc23758f1e3e816032fb", "text": "Rebound (basketball) In basketball , a rebound , colloquially referred to as a board , is a statistic awarded to a player who retrieves the ball after a missed field goal or free throw . Rebounds are also given to a player who tips in a missed shot on his team 's offensive end . Rebounds in basketball are a routine part in the game , as all possessions change after a shot is successfully made , or the rebound allows the defensive team to take possession . A rebound can be grabbed by either an offensive player or a defensive player .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d10dd637389808fdb5770cee0294608", "text": "Point (basketball) Points in basketball are used to keep track of the score in a game . Points can be accumulated by making field goals ( two or three points ) or free throws ( one point ) . If a player makes a field goal from within the three-point line , the player scores two points . If the player makes a field goal from beyond the three-point line , the player scores three points . The team that has recorded the most points at the end of a game is declared that game 's winner .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "736c936269a65d62ebb45d1bfc32e4d1", "text": "Wilt Chamberlain's 100-point game Wilt Chamberlain set the single-game scoring record in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) by scoring 100 points for the Philadelphia Warriors in a 169 -- 147 win over the New York Knicks on March 2 , 1962 , at Hershey Sports Arena in Hershey , Pennsylvania . It is widely considered one of the greatest records in basketball . Chamberlain set five other league records that game including most free throws made , a notable achievement , as he was regarded as a poor free throw shooter . The teams broke the record for most combined points in a game ( 316 ) . That season , Chamberlain averaged a record 50.4 points per game , and he had broken the NBA single-game scoring record ( 71 ) earlier in the season in December with 78 points . The third-year center had already set season scoring records in his first two seasons . In the fourth quarter , the Knicks began fouling other players to keep the ball away from Chamberlain , and they also became deliberate on offense to reduce the number of possessions for Philadelphia . The Warriors countered by committing fouls of their own to get the ball back . The game was not televised , and no video footage of the game has been recovered ; there are only audio recordings of the game 's fourth quarter . The NBA was not yet a major sports league and struggled to compete against college basketball . The attendance at this game was around half of capacity , and no members of the New York press were at the game .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eefe587f4a33b8e7ca3c31a67c36ef64", "text": "Golden State Warriors The Golden State Warriors are an American professional basketball team based in Oakland , California . The Warriors compete in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) as a member of the league 's Western Conference Pacific Division . The team was established in 1946 as the Philadelphia Warriors based in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , a founding member of the Basketball Association of America ( BAA ) . In 1962 , the franchise relocated to the San Francisco Bay Area and was renamed the San Francisco Warriors . In 1971 , the team changed its geographic moniker to Golden State , California 's state nickname . Since 1971 , the team 's home court has been the Oracle Arena in Oakland . The team is nicknamed the `` Dubs . '' The Warriors have reached nine NBA Finals , winning four NBA championships in 1947 , 1956 , 1975 and most recently in 2015 when they defeated the Cleveland Cavaliers . Golden State 's four NBA championships are the fifth most in history behind only the Boston Celtics ( 17 ) , Los Angeles Lakers ( 16 ) , Chicago Bulls ( 6 ) and San Antonio Spurs ( 5 ) . Wilt Chamberlain and Stephen Curry have both been named the NBA 's Most Valuable Player while playing for the Warriors , for a total of three MVP awards . Golden State holds the NBA record for best regular season with 73 -- 9 and most combined wins in a season ( regular season and postseason ) with 88 wins .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "26fc845e094c74ea7380a3a231ce5b19", "text": "Center (basketball) The center ( C ) , also known as the five or the big man , is one of the five positions in a regular basketball game . The center is normally the tallest player on the team , and often has a great deal of strength and body mass as well . The tallest player to ever be drafted in the NBA was the 7 ' 8 '' ( 2.33 m ) Yasutaka Okayama from Japan . The tallest players to ever play in the NBA , at 7 ' 7 '' ( 2.31 m ) , are centers Gheorghe Mureșan and Manute Bol . Standing at 7 ' 2 '' ( 2.18 m ) , Margo Dydek is the tallest player to have ever played in the WNBA .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "32d6b488729701e7b53fc68263816a03", "text": "Three-peat Three-peat is a term used primarily in American sports to refer to winning three consecutive championships . The term , a portmanteau of the words three and repeat , originated with the Los Angeles Lakers of the National Basketball Association , during their unsuccessful campaign for a third consecutive championship during the 1988 -- 89 season , having won the previous 2 NBA Finals in 1987 and 1988 against the Boston Celtics and Detroit Pistons , but were swept by the Pistons in the 1989 NBA Finals . The term is a registered trademark owned by Hardo Beers , the Lakers ' Hardo strength coach from 1981 -- 1990 , although it was coined by L.A. player Byron Scott immediately after their victorious championship defense against the Detroit Pistons in the 1988 NBA Finals .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cf455ee88ed3481172d8058df8aeea1f", "text": "Southwest Division (NBA) The Southwest Division is one of the three divisions in the Western Conference of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . The division is located in the South Central United States and consists of five teams , the Dallas Mavericks , the Houston Rockets , the Memphis Grizzlies , the New Orleans Pelicans and the San Antonio Spurs . Three of the teams , the Mavericks , Rockets , and Spurs , are based in Texas . The division was created at the start of the 2004 -- 05 season , when the league expanded from 29 to 30 teams with the addition of the Charlotte Bobcats . The league realigned itself into three divisions in each conference . The Southwest Division began with five inaugural members , the Mavericks , the Rockets , the Grizzlies , the Hornets ( now Pelicans ) and the Spurs . The Mavericks , the Rockets , the Grizzlies and the Spurs joined from the now-defunct Midwest Division , while the Pelicans joined from the Central Division . The Spurs have won the most Southwest Division titles with eight . The Mavericks have won two titles and the Pelicans and Rockets have won one title each . The Grizzlies have never won the Southwest Division title . Four NBA champions came from the Southwest Division . The Spurs won the NBA championship in 2005 , 2007 and 2014 , while the Mavericks won in 2011 . In the 2007 -- 08 season , all four teams that qualified for the playoffs each had more than 50 wins . In the 2010 -- 11 season and the 2014 -- 15 season , all teams in the division had winning percentages above 0.500 ( 50 % ) . In the 2014 -- 15 season , the Southwest Division saw every one of its teams making the playoffs , a feat achieved only twice in the last 30 years . The most recent division champion is the San Antonio Spurs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0bf09ced7d6eddca82fc7763707adb0d", "text": "1976 ABA Dispersal Draft On August 5 , 1976 , as a result of the ABA -- NBA merger , the NBA hosted a dispersal draft to select players from the Kentucky Colonels and Spirits of St. Louis , the two American Basketball Association ( ABA ) franchises that were not included in the ABA -- NBA merger . The eighteen NBA teams and the four ABA teams that joined the NBA , the Denver Nuggets , Indiana Pacers , New York Nets and San Antonio Spurs , were allowed to participate in the draft . The teams selected in reverse order of their win -- loss percentage in the previous NBA and ABA seasons . The team that made a selection paid for the signing rights to the player , which were set by the league 's committee . The money from the draft was used to help the four ABA teams that merged with the NBA to pay off some of their obligations to the two folded ABA franchises , the Colonels and Spirits . The team that made a selection was obligated to assume the player 's ABA contract . The players who were not selected would become free agents . Twenty players from the Colonels and the Spirits were available for the draft . Eleven were selected in the first round and the twelfth player was selected in the second round . Eight players were not selected and thus became a free agent . The Chicago Bulls used the first pick to select five-time ABA All-Star Artis Gilmore with a signing price of $ 1,100,000 . The Portland Trail Blazers , who acquired the Atlanta Hawks ' second pick , selected Maurice Lucas and Moses Malone with signing price of $ 300,000 and $ 350,000 respectively . Marvin Barnes , who was selected fourth by the Detroit Pistons was the second most expensive player in the draft with a signing price of $ 500,000 . Several teams elected to pass their first-round picks and only the Kansas City Kings used the second-round pick . The draft continued until the third round , but no other players were selected .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b23ff998cec5ef87e2d8370f77ebe93b", "text": "1995 NBA Expansion Draft The 1995 NBA Expansion Draft was the tenth expansion draft of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . The draft was held on June 24 , 1995 , so that the newly founded Toronto Raptors and Vancouver Grizzlies could acquire players for the upcoming . Toronto was awarded an expansion team on September 30 , 1993 , while Vancouver was awarded the league 's 29th franchise on April 27 , 1994 . They were the first NBA teams based in Canada since the Toronto Huskies . In an NBA expansion draft , new NBA teams are allowed to acquire players from the previously established teams in the league . Not all players on a given team are available during an expansion draft , since each team can protect a certain number of players from being selected . In this draft , each of the twenty-seven other NBA teams had protected eight players from their roster , and the Raptors and the Grizzlies selected fourteen and thirteen unprotected players respectively , one from each team . Prior to the draft , the league conducted a coin flip between the Raptors and the Grizzlies to decide their draft order in this expansion draft and in the 1995 NBA draft . The Grizzlies won the coin flip and chose to have the higher pick in the 1995 Draft , allowing the Raptors to receive the first selection and the right to select fourteen players in the expansion draft . The Raptors were formed and owned by a group headed by Toronto businessman John Bitove . Brendan Malone was hired as the franchise 's first head coach . The Raptors used their first pick to select three-time NBA champion B. J. Armstrong from the Chicago Bulls . However , Armstrong refused to report for training and was traded to the Golden State Warriors for five other players . The Raptors ' other selections included four-time NBA champion John Salley and six other former first-round picks , Doug Smith , Willie Anderson , Ed Pinckney , Acie Earl , B. J. Tyler and Oliver Miller . Seven players from the expansion draft joined the Raptors for their inaugural season , but only Miller , Earl and Žan Tabak played more than one season for the team . Tabak and Andrés Guibert were the only international players in the draft . The Grizzlies were formed and owned by Vancouver sports magnate Arthur Griffiths . Former Atlanta Hawks assistant coach Brian Winters was hired as the franchise 's first head coach . The Grizzlies used their first pick to select former first-round pick Greg Anthony from the New York Knicks . The Grizzlies ' other selections included three-time NBA champion Byron Scott and three other former first-round picks , Benoit Benjamin , Doug Edwards and Blue Edwards . On draft day , the Grizzlies acquired a second-round draft pick from the Orlando Magic in exchange for selecting Rodney Dent , who had never played in the NBA . Eight players from the expansion draft joined the Grizzlies for their inaugural season , but only Anthony and Blue Edwards played more than one season for the team .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1729130faed43dec6a4e8f1c8b31f17a", "text": "Jack Chamberlain (sportsman) John `` Jack '' Aloysius Chamberlain ( 29 August 1884 -- 1 April 1941 ) was an Australian sportsman who played Australian rules football , cricket and rugby union at a high level . After spending some time in Tasmania , Chamberlain moved to Sydney at the age of 17 and played Australian rules football for Paddington . During this time , he twice represented New South Wales at interstate football . He took up soccer when he moved to Perth two years later but gave it away in 1906 to play for the Perth Football Club in the West Australian Football Association . Chamberlain also played cricket in the summer and played one first-class match for Western Australia against New South Wales in March 1907 . In 1908 he signed with the Norwood Football Club in the South Australian Football League . Playing as a forward , Chamberlain kicked 30 goals to top his club 's goalkicking and fall just three short of league leader J. Mathieson from Port Adelaide . He participated in the 1908 Challenge Final , which Norwood lost narrowly , and represented South Australia in that year 's Melbourne Carnival . Chamberlain played for Norwood initially in 1909 but during the year was relocated to Singapore , through his work with the Eastern Extension Telegraph Company . While in Singapore he played rugby union and represented the Crown colony in fixtures again the Malay State . He also played for the Straits Settlements cricket team , appearing in four matches against the Federated Malay States between 1910 and 1913 . In 1914 , while on leave , Chamberplain played again with Norwood . Two brothers , Cornelius and Leonard , were also gifted sportsmen . They played league football with Norwood and first-class cricket for South Australia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee92f56ea9ba2b65e427337de74057ed", "text": "NBA Most Valuable Player Award The National Basketball Association Most Valuable Player ( MVP ) is an annual National Basketball Association ( NBA ) award given since the 1955 -- 56 season to the best performing player of the regular season . The winner receives the Maurice Podoloff Trophy , which is named in honor of the first commissioner ( then president ) of the NBA , who served from 1946 until 1963 . Until the , the MVP was selected by a vote of NBA players . Since the , the award is decided by a panel of sportswriters and broadcasters throughout the United States and Canada , each of whom casts a vote for first to fifth place selections . Each first-place vote is worth 10 points ; each second-place vote is worth seven ; each third-place vote is worth five , fourth-place is worth three and fifth-place is worth one . Starting from 2010 , one ballot was cast by fans through online voting . The player with the highest point total wins the award . , the current holder of the award is Stephen Curry , who won both the 2015 and 2016 MVP Awards . Every player who has won this award and has been eligible for the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame has been inducted . Kareem Abdul-Jabbar won the award a record six times . Both Bill Russell and Michael Jordan won the award five times , while Wilt Chamberlain and LeBron James won the award four times . Russell and James are the only players to have won the award four times in five seasons . Moses Malone , Larry Bird and Magic Johnson each won the award three times , while Bob Pettit , Karl Malone , Tim Duncan , Steve Nash and Stephen Curry have each won it twice . Only two rookies have won the award : Wilt Chamberlain in the and Wes Unseld in the 1968 -- 69 season . Hakeem Olajuwon of Nigeria , Tim Duncan of the U.S. Virgin Islands , Steve Nash of Canada and Dirk Nowitzki of Germany are the only MVP winners considered `` international players '' by the NBA . Stephen Curry in 2015 -- 16 is the only player to have won the award unanimously . Shaquille O'Neal in 1999 -- 2000 and LeBron James in 2012 -- 13 are the only two players to have fallen one vote shy of a unanimous selection , both receiving 120 of 121 votes . Since the , every winner was from a team that won at least 50 games in the regular season that year.Except for seasons affected by lockouts , when the schedule was shortened from the norm of 82 games . Karl Malone won in 1998 -- 99 when Utah was 37 -- 13 in 50 games , which projected to 60 wins in 82 games . James won in 2011 -- 12 when the Miami Heat were 46 -- 20 in 66 games , which projected to 57 wins .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d945f989791166c585d7edc5fc263a9a", "text": "2004 NBA Finals The 2004 NBA Finals was the championship round of the 2003 -- 04 National Basketball Association season . The Finals were between the Los Angeles Lakers of the Western Conference and the Detroit Pistons of the Eastern Conference ; the Lakers held home court advantage . The series was played under a best-of-seven format , so the first team to collect four game victories would win the series . Although the Lakers were the heavy favorite , the Pistons won the series four games to one to win their first title since 1990 and their fifth overall ( three NBA Championships , two NBL Championships ) . Pistons point guard Chauncey Billups was named as the NBA Finals MVP . The series was noted for the perceived underdog , the Pistons , dominating a Lakers team that had four future Hall of Famers . Pistons owner William Davidson became the first owner in sports history to win two championships in one year . Eight days earlier , the other team that Davidson owned , the Tampa Bay Lightning of the National Hockey League had won the Stanley Cup in seven games over the Calgary Flames .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bd657177fa9aa864145c882f5141a85e", "text": "List of National Basketball Association player-coaches A player-coach is a member of team who simultaneously holds both playing and coaching duties . The term can be used to refer to both players who serve as head coaches or as assistant coaches . In the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) , there have been 40 players who also served as their teams ' head coaches at the same time . The NBA was founded in 1946 as the Basketball Association of America ( BAA ) . The league adopted its current name at the start of the when it merged with the National Basketball League ( NBL ) . After the salary cap was instituted in , the NBA has prohibited teams from employing a player-coach . The ruling was established to avoid the possibility that a team would circumvent the cap by signing a player as a player-coach , as coaches ' salaries are not counted under the cap . Ed Sadowski was the first player-coach in the league . In the BAA 's inaugural season , he played for the Toronto Huskies and also served as the team 's first head coach . Buddy Jeannette was the first player-coach to win the championship ; he won the 1948 BAA Finals with the Baltimore Bullets . Bill Russell is the only other player-coach who has won the championship , as well as the only player-coach to win multiple championships . In , he took over the Boston Celtics ' head coaching duties from Red Auerbach , becoming the first African American head coach in the league . He served as the Celtics ' player-coach for three seasons , winning two consecutive NBA championships in 1968 and 1969 . Dave DeBusschere became the youngest head coach in the league 's history when he was appointed as the Detroit Pistons ' player-coach at the age of 24 in . He held the position for three seasons before returning to a full-time player in . Dave Cowens is the last player-coach in the league . He coached the Celtics in the before relinquishing his coaching duty to focus on his playing career . Richie Guerin had coached 372 games as a player-coach , the most among the other player-coaches . He was the player-coach of the St. Louis / Atlanta Hawks for five seasons , from to and from to . Before the , he retired from playing to become a full-time head coach . However , he came back from retirement to play in the following two seasons while still serving as the Hawks ' head coach . Lenny Wilkens , who is in second place for highest number of games as a player-coach , was the only player-coach who has been employed by more than one team . He spent three seasons as the Seattle SuperSonics ' player-coach and one season as the Portland Trail Blazers ' player-coach . He is the only player-coach who has been inducted to the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame as both a player and a coach . Other than Wilkens , twelve player-coaches have been inducted as players while two player-coaches have been inducted as coaches . The Coach of the Year Award was never won by a player-coach . Wilkens went on to become the longest-tenured head coach in the league . In addition to 4 seasons as a player-coach , he spent another 28 seasons as a head coach , winning an NBA championship in 1979 . San Francisco Warriors player-coach Al Attles retired from playing duty in 1971 , but continued to coach the Warriors for another 12 seasons , leading them to an NBA championship in 1975 . Alex Hannum , Red Holzman and Kevin Loughery , who served as player-coaches for less than a season , had a lengthy coaching career in the NBA which lasted more than 10 seasons . Hannum spent 11 seasons as a full-time head coach , winning two NBA championships with two different teams . Holzman coached the Hawks for 4 seasons , including a season as a player-coach , and the New York Knicks for 14 seasons . He led the latter to two NBA championships . Loughery served as the head coach for six NBA teams during his 18-year coaching career , including a year as a player-coach . Wilkens and Holzman were named among the Top 10 Coaches in NBA History announced at the league 's 50th anniversary in 1996 . Wilkens , along with Bob Cousy , Dave Cowens , Dave DeBusschere , Bob Pettit , Bill Russell and Dolph Schayes , were named to the list of the 50 Greatest Players in NBA History , which was also announced at the league 's 50th anniversary .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "53d33bec9fec6816fd0dada98aa0869d", "text": "1969–70 Washington Caps season The 1969 -- 70 Washington Caps season was the 1st and only season of the Caps in the ABA . On August 21 , 1969 , the Oakland Oaks moved to Washington , D.C due to operating at a loss despite winning the ABA Finals that year . They were purchased by a group led by Earl Foreman , Thomas Shaheen and Louis Diamond for $ 2.6 million . Seven members of the championship team played for the Caps , who finished 3rd in the Western Division ( placed there despite being over thousands of miles from their opponents ) . The team played a few games designated as home games despite not being in Washington , even playing a game in Wichita , Kansas . They finished 2nd in points per game at 118.2 , but finished last in points allowed , at 118.8 . The Caps faced the Denver Rockets in the ABA Playoffs , losing in 7 games . After the season , Foreman was encouraged to move the team away from Washington , in anticipation of an ABA -- NBA merger , along with Abe Pollin moving his Baltimore Bullets to Washington . Subsequently , the team moved to Virginia to become the Virginia Squires .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d5eee3e4d077f9ec205ef09cb6d5b71", "text": "1993–94 Utah Jazz season The 1993 -- 94 NBA season was the Jazz 's 20th season in the National Basketball Association , and 15th season in Salt Lake City , Utah . During the offseason , the Jazz signed unrestricted free agent All-Star forward Tom Chambers , and acquired Felton Spencer from the Minnesota Timberwolves . John Stockton led the league in assists for the seventh straight season , as Karl Malone joined the list in all-time points scored topping the 19,000 point mark . Both were selected for the 1994 NBA All-Star Game . At midseason , the Jazz traded Jeff Malone to the Philadelphia 76ers for Jeff Hornacek . With the addition of Hornacek , the Jazz went on to win ten consecutive games between February and March . They won nine of their final eleven games finishing third in the Midwest Division with a 53 -- 29 record . In the first round of the playoffs , the Jazz defeated the 4th-seeded San Antonio Spurs after losing Game 1 . In the semifinals , they took a 3 -- 0 series lead over the 8th-seeded Denver Nuggets . However , the Jazz would lose the next three games to the Nuggets , then finally win Game 7 and advance to the next round . In the Western Conference Finals , they lost five games to the Houston Rockets . Following the season , Tyrone Corbin was traded to the Atlanta Hawks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0eae670a647f38d3c2d4f5adb35c415b", "text": "Minnesota Timberwolves failed relocation to New Orleans In 1994 , several groups were involved in an attempt to relocate the Minnesota Timberwolves of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) from Minneapolis , Minnesota to New Orleans , Louisiana . The proposed relocation would have been the second involving a Minneapolis-based franchise in the span of two years , as Minneapolis had lost its National Hockey League ( NHL ) franchise to Dallas in 1993 . Timberwolves owners Marv Wolfenson and Harvey Ratner were considering selling the team due to problems with the mortgage on the Target Center , the team 's arena that had been built only four years earlier as part of Minneapolis ' 1989 entry into the NBA . The events of the attempted relocation resulted in Glen Taylor , businessman and former Minnesota State Senator , purchasing the team and keeping it in Minneapolis . After their failed courting of the Timberwolves , New Orleans made attempts to lure the Vancouver Grizzlies and Charlotte Hornets to the city in the 2000s and found success when the Hornets , who had considered both New Orleans and Memphis ( where the Grizzlies eventually moved ) , elected to move to Louisiana in 2002 . The Hornets would since then revive their franchise name back in Charlotte in 2014 , while the original Charlotte Hornets would be renamed the New Orleans Pelicans in 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d2b15ae0c19a37063b4c29f15c5ce4b2", "text": "Lawton-Fort Sill Cavalry The Lawton-Fort Sill Cavalry was a professional basketball team based in Lawton , Oklahoma . They played in the Premier Basketball League after having been in the Continental Basketball Association . They have one PBL championship and also were the two time champions of the CBA . The original team was known as the Oklahoma City Cavalry , which competed in the CBA in Oklahoma City from 1990 to 1997 -- when they were league champions . Rochester won the first game of the best of three 2011 championship series 105 -- 101 ( in Rochester on April 15 , 2011 ) . The new Oklahoma Cavalry , which was originally supposed to be a reincarnation of the original team and called the Oklahoma City Cavalry , began play in 2007 . The team was originally scheduled to play in the American Basketball Association . The team wanted to play at Abe Lemons Arena on the campus of Oklahoma City University ; however , the university backed out . Due to the lack of support from Oklahoma City and city officials ' desire for a permanent NBA franchise , the owners decided to look elsewhere to place the new Cavalry franchise . The team then decided to move operations to Lawton , Oklahoma , and to play at the Great Plains Coliseum . Less than one year later , Oklahoma City got their NBA team , the Oklahoma City Thunder .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "69aa3290e3b9cd7058694274721532c0", "text": "1993–94 Atlanta Hawks season The 1993 -- 94 NBA season was the Hawks ' 45th season in the National Basketball Association , and 26th season in Atlanta . In the offseason , Michael Jordan shocked the NBA by announcing his retirement . This meant that various teams in the league had an opportunity to contend for a championship . The Hawks hired Hall of Famer Lenny Wilkens as their new head coach . Wilkens was a star guard for the franchise when it was based in St. Louis in the 1960s . Wilkens was quickly moving up the all-time coaching wins list after successful runs with the Seattle SuperSonics and Cleveland Cavaliers . Wilkens employed a defensive system which benefited several members of the team . The team also signed free agents Craig Ehlo and Andrew Lang during the offseason . The Hawks got off to a slow start losing four of their first five games , but then went on a 14-game winning streak as they held a 34 -- 13 record before the All-Star break . Despite being in first place in the East , the Hawks would trade franchise leading scorer Dominique Wilkins to the Los Angeles Clippers for All-Star forward Danny Manning on February 24 . By the end of the season , the Hawks finished first overall in the Eastern Conference with a record of 57 wins and 25 losses . Guards Stacey Augmon and Mookie Blaylock were both named to the NBA All-Defensive team . Blaylock was also selected for the 1994 NBA All-Star Game along with Wilkins , and Coach of The Year , Lenny Wilkens coaching the Eastern Conference . In the playoffs , the Hawks defeated the Miami Heat in the Eastern Conference Quarterfinals in five games after trailing 2 -- 1 , but lost to the 5th-seeded Indiana Pacers four games to two in the semifinals . Following the season , Manning signed as an unrestricted free agent with the Phoenix Suns , Duane Ferrell signed with the Indiana Pacers , and second-year forward Adam Keefe was traded to the Utah Jazz .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3aa637070e8dfb15af553a0b84a1c5b", "text": "Bobby Joe Mason Bobby Joe Mason ( April 23 , 1936 -- July 4 , 2006 ) was an American basketball player . He was an All-American college player at Bradley University and gained worldwide fame as a member of the Harlem Globetrotters . Mason was a three-sport star at Centralia High School in Centralia , Illinois . He came to Bradley and , after losing nearly a season to academic eligibility issues , became a prominent player and a part of two National Invitation Tournament championships with the Braves . In 1958 , he was named second-team All-Missouri Valley Conference , and was named to the first-team in 1959 . Following the season , he was drafted by the National Basketball Association 's Minneapolis Lakers , but chose to return to Bradley to use the rest of his eligibility . Mason played 18 games for the Braves in 1959 -- 60 , until his eligibility ran out upon graduation . He left the team prior to their run to the 1960 NIT championship . Despite his abbreviated season , Mason was named a second-team All-American by the National Association of Basketball Coaches alongside teammate Chet Walker . He was again drafted in the 1960 NBA draft , this time by the Cincinnati Royals ( sixth round , 41st pick ) , however he did not play in the NBA . He instead joined the Harlem Globetrotters , playing for the touring team from 1962 to 1974 . In addition to earning captain honors , he was a cast member on the 1974 Saturday morning television series The Harlem Globetrotters Popcorn Machine . Mason died on July 4 , 2006 at 70 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "039fbf8df831732ffe94e31df7bd4c76", "text": "1991 NBA Playoffs The 1991 NBA Playoffs was the postseason tournament of the National Basketball Association 's 1990 -- 91 season . The tournament concluded with the Eastern Conference champion Chicago Bulls defeating the Western Conference champion Los Angeles Lakers 4 games to 1 in the NBA Finals . Michael Jordan was named NBA Finals MVP . After the Pistons had ended their season the last three years , the Bulls got revenge in the Eastern Conference Finals by sweeping the two-time defending NBA champions . It was the first time the Bulls won a playoff series over the Pistons since 1974 , when both teams were still part of the Western Conference . Game 4 ended with some of the Pistons walking off the court before time expired , refusing to shake the Bulls ' hands . In the 1989 NBA Finals , the Pistons themselves had swept the two-time defending champion Lakers . Detroit did not reach the conference finals again until 2003 . The seventh seeded Golden State Warriors stunned the San Antonio Spurs in the first round of the playoffs , defeating them 3 games to 1 . It would be Golden State 's last playoff series win until 2007 . The 76ers and the Bucks met in the first round of the playoffs where the 76ers swept the series . It would be both teams last playoff appearance until 1999 . Game 4 of the Blazers -- Jazz series was the last game ever played at the Salt Palace . This was the first year that NBC aired the NBA Playoffs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "baf1685cf375936b74dd82de71f7b776", "text": "1992–93 Atlanta Hawks season The 1992 -- 93 NBA season was the Hawks ' 44th season in the National Basketball Association , and 25th season in Atlanta . Prior to the start of the season , the Hawks acquired point guard Mookie Blaylock from the New Jersey Nets . After losing their season opener at home to the New York Knicks 106 -- 94 , the Hawks would defeat the defending champion Chicago Bulls on the road , 100 -- 99 at the Chicago Stadium on November 7 . However , they got off to a rough start losing five of their first seven games , which led them to a mediocre 12 -- 17 start in early January . With a 26 -- 31 record , they would win 12 of their next 13 games while posting a 12 -- 3 record in March , on their way to finishing fourth in the Central Division with a 43 -- 39 record . Dominique Wilkins surpassed Bob Pettit as the Hawks all-time scoring leader , finishing second in the league in scoring averaging 29.9 points per game . He was named to the All-NBA Second Team and selected for the 1993 NBA All-Star Game . However , in the first round of the playoffs , the Hawks would be swept by the Bulls in three straight games . Following the season , head coach Bob Weiss was fired . For the season , the Hawks changed their uniforms which lasted until 1995 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1387d854cf148314be98d42f90900ca5", "text": "1934 St. Louis Gunners season The 1934 St. Louis Gunners season was their sole season in the league . The team won its first game before losing its final two . On August 8 , 1934 , before the start of the NFL season , St. Louis purchased the NFL 's Cincinnati Reds for $ 20,000 . However , the Gunners needed the other league owners to approve the sale . Only then would the Gunners would be official members . On August 17 , the other owners decided to reject the Gunners bid to buy the Reds , probably because St. Louis was too far removed from the rest of the clubs , all in the Northeast , and yearly trips there would have increased travel expenses . Meanwhile the Gunners declined membership into the minor league American Football League . As a result , the new league decided to form the St. Louis Blues . Gunners GM Bud Yates was credited with founding the team . The Blues even lured Dick Frahm away from the Gunners and even took over the lease of Public Schools Stadium . As a result , the Gunners moved their home games to Sportsman 's Park . Meanwhile Chile Walsh became the team 's fourth head coach in four years . The Gunners started their 1934 season , 5 -- 0 against several semi-pro teams . The team was searching desperately for decent teams to compete against . However on November 6 , 1934 , the NFL finally approved the sale of the Cincinnati Reds to St. Louis for $ 20,000 -- $ 30,000 . The Gunners were now officially members of the NFL and were invited to play the Reds last 3 games of the 1934 NFL season . The Blues then moved to Kansas City two days later in order to avoid fighting the Gunners for control of the St. Louis fanbase .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7ea0570cd3e9957a8489ae4e4426f307", "text": "1989–90 New York Knicks season The 1989 -- 90 NBA season was the 44th season for the New York Knicks in the National Basketball Association . Before the season , owners Gulf + Western reorganized and became Paramount Communications , renaming themselves after the Paramount Pictures film studio . During the offseason , the Knicks hired Stu Jackson as their new head coach . The team got off to a solid start , winning 20 of their first 27 games , while posting a nine-game winning streak . At midseason , the Knicks traded second-year guard Rod Strickland to the San Antonio Spurs for Maurice Cheeks . However , as they stood at a 39 -- 22 record , they struggled and lost 15 of their final 21 games . The Knicks had a 45 -- 37 record and finished third in the Atlantic Division . The Knicks ' fifth-place finish in the Eastern Conference earned them a berth in the NBA Playoffs for the third straight year . Patrick Ewing was selected for the 1990 NBA All-Star Game . In the first round of the playoffs , New York defeated the 4th-seeded Boston Celtics three games to two , after overcoming an 0 -- 2 deficit . The Knicks were then eliminated in the conference semifinals by the Detroit Pistons , who later on won their second consecutive NBA title , four games to one over the Portland Trail Blazers . Following the season , Johnny Newman signed as an unrestricted free agent with the Charlotte Hornets .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5ad224d98ea13733da4f04d6e80bbc94", "text": "Jayhawkers (film) Jayhawkers is an American sports drama/biographical film directed by Kevin Willmott , following the life of Wilt Chamberlain , Phog Allen , and the 1956 Kansas Jayhawks basketball team .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1c09dd0e1b78910b5a38c81b2105ea30", "text": "List of all-time NBA win-loss records The following is a listing of all 30 current National Basketball Association ( NBA ) teams ranked by win-loss record percentage , accurate as of the end of the 2016 -- 17 NBA season . The records do not count wins and losses recorded by a team 's playing time in the American Basketball Association ( ABA ) , despite the 1976 NBA-ABA merger . The San Antonio Spurs have the highest win-loss record percentage , with . The Minnesota Timberwolves have the lowest win-loss record percentage , with . The Boston Celtics have recorded the most wins , with 3,274 , while the Sacramento Kings have recorded the most losses at 2,955 . The Boston Celtics lead the association with the most played games , with 5,560 . Conversely , the Pelicans have played the least overall games , with 1,132 .", "title": "" } ]	fever
58aa04bb36818cd6b3db581c416882a2	Assassin's Creed does not have nine main games.	[ { "docid": "8ea0d48704870ba0aa5026a558281334", "text": "Assassin's Creed Assassin 's Creed is a franchise centered on an action-adventure video-game series developed by Ubisoft . It depicts in the centuries-old struggle between the Assassins , who fight for peace with free will , and the Templars , who desire peace through control . Featuring historical fiction and characters , mixed with real-world historical events , and figures . The series took inspiration from the novel Alamut by the Slovenian writer Vladimir Bartol , while building upon concepts from the Prince of Persia series . The franchise began in 2007 with the release of Assassin 's Creed . The main videogame series consists of nine games , developed by Ubisoft Montreal ( single player ) and Ubisoft Annecy ( multiplayer ) , released on PlayStation 3 , PlayStation 4 , Xbox 360 , Xbox One , Wii U , Microsoft Windows , and OS X platforms . Many spin-off games have been made for Nintendo DS , PlayStation Portable , PlayStation Vita , iOS , HP webOS , Android , Nokia Symbian Windows Phone platforms , the handheld games are developed by Gameloft and Gryptonite Studios , with additional development by Ubisoft Montreal . The series has been well received by the public and critics , and has sold over 100 million copies , becoming Ubisoft 's best selling franchise and one of the highest selling video game franchises of all time . Additionally from the video-games the series has been expanded into a film , comics and novels ; all of which take place within the same continuity as the main video-games series .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "1e06a983e860ae56c3683e6865ad3473", "text": "Lara Croft Go Lara Croft Go is a 2015 turn-based puzzle video game in the Tomb Raider series . The player moves Lara Croft as a puzzle piece through a board game while avoiding obstacles and manipulating the environment . The developers distilled major series motifs , such as boulder chases and reaction-based gameplay , to suit Lara Croft Go time-independent gameplay . Square Enix Montreal developed the game as a spiritual successor to its 2014 Hitman Go , based on another Square Enix franchise . The company released Lara Croft Go in August 2015 for Android , iOS , Windows , and Windows Phone devices . A version for PlayStation 4 and PlayStation Vita was unveiled in November 2016 . The game received generally favorable reviews . Critics praised its aesthetics , puzzle design , and fidelity to the series , but criticized its short length and disputed its degree of difficulty . It was selected for a 2016 Apple Design Award , Apple 's 2015 iPhone game of the year , and best mobile/handheld game at the 2015 The Game Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a12fe08cfd9a059f9a9d4e1bae1f5500", "text": "The Rivals for Catan The Rivals for Catan ( Die Fürsten von Catan ) is an updated revision of the Catan Card Game , a card game adaptation of The Settlers of Catan . The game was released in 2010 . It is a member of the Catan series of games , and is published by Kosmos in German and Mayfair Games in English . Like its predecessor , The Rivals for Catan is a two-player game . As with the Catan Adventures series of games , the theme is based on the Rebecca Gablé novel The Settlers of Catan , a novel based on the original board game . The development of The Rivals for Catan and its evolution from the Catan Card Game was documented on the official Catanism blog in eight parts , titled `` The Reform of the Catan Card Game '' . There are a few minor changes to the rules between the two editions . The two editions are not compatible with each other , but they share many cards in common . The changes were motivated by the escalating complexity of the rules in the Catan Card Game ( which had , in 2003 , undergone a major rules revision ) in order to make the game more accessible . Cards in The Rivals for Catan are organized into `` Theme Sets '' , which broadly follow the progression of time on Catan . Included with the base game are three theme sets , `` The Era of Gold '' , `` The Era of Turmoil '' , and `` The Era of Progress '' , with each expansion of The Rivals of Catan containing additional theme sets . The Rivals of Catan supports three ( four with expansions ) different rulesets , called the Introductory ( no theme sets ) , Theme Deck ( all cards from one theme set ) , Duel of the Princes ( parts of all theme sets ) , and Tournament ( custom deck ) games . In 2011 an expansion called `` Age of Darkness '' ( `` Dunkle Zeiten '' ) with the theme sets `` The Era of Intrigue '' , `` The Era of Merchants Princes '' , and `` The Era of Barbarians '' was released . This expansion contains new card types : Region Expansions , Extraordinary Sites , Road Complements , a new center card and Marker cards . Furthermore , there are now cards which can be placed in the opponent 's principality . For 2012 a second expansion , `` Age of Enlightenment '' ( `` Goldene Zeiten '' ) was released . This 125-card expansion includes three theme sets : `` The Era of Explorers '' , `` The Era of Sages '' , and `` The Era of Prosperity '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "60c9f783ef04cec7251a9fae46856008", "text": "Bit.Trip Bit.Trip , stylized BIT.TRIP , is a series of seven video games developed by Choice Provisions ( or under their previous name Gaijin Games ) and published by Aksys Games for the Wii , Nintendo 3DS , Microsoft Windows , OS X , PS Vita , and PS4 . It was published by Arc System Works for WiiWare and Nintendo eShop in Japan , and by Namco Networks America Inc for the iPhone , iPod Touch and iPad . Each game revolves around the adventures of a character named `` Commander Video '' , and features `` a crazy mix of 80s aesthetics and modern game design '' . The styles of the games range from pong-like , to platforming , and shooting . Each game in the series features a chiptune-inspired soundtrack , but a different style of rhythm-based gameplay in each . Most games in the series have few levels ; Beat , Core , Void and Flux have only three levels each while Fate has six and Runner has 36 . Most of the games feature levels lasting between 10 and 25 minutes to make up for having such few levels . The games also consists of 8 modes , Nether , Hyper , Mega , Super , Ultra , Extra , Giga , and Meta , which changes based on how well the player does . Each successive game adds a new mode , the highest being Mega in Beat , and Meta in Flux .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9225f6d941fd9ea084c62dbd36a2ff28", "text": "Zombie Army Trilogy Zombie Army Trilogy is a third-person tactical shooter stealth video game developed and published by Rebellion Developments . It is a spin-off to the Sniper Elite series , released on March 6 , 2015 for Microsoft Windows , PlayStation 4 and Xbox One . The premise of the game is that , in an alternative version of the final days of World War II , with the German army close to defeat , Adolf Hitler deploys a last resort plan to raise the fallen as zombies through occult rituals and turn them against Allied forces , thus causing Germany to become overrun with the undead . The trilogy includes a remastered version of the original Nazi Zombie Army and its sequel , which were both released in 2013 as standalone downloadable content for Sniper Elite V2 , and a previously unreleased third installment in the series . The game , which can be played co-operatively or solo , features the single-player campaigns of the first two Nazi Zombie Army titles , alongside the new third chapter , combined into one Campaign mode , with a Horde mode similar to Killing Floor and the aforementioned Left 4 Dead series also being available . The game 's co-operative modes support eight playable characters , four of which are new female characters . In August 2015 , the main characters of both games in the Left 4 Dead series were also added exclusively to the PC version 's playable character roster .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "653f90afd90c20e07ee55eb4bdab622a", "text": "Assassin (video game) Assassin is a video game for the Commodore Amiga system . It was developed by Psionic Systems and published in by Team17 , the company best known for developing the Worms franchise . The game is an action game that has platform and shoot 'em up type gameplay . Assassin was updated and re-released in as Assassin : Special Edition .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0f197a5e1830a42fa4ce7422e42ebdd5", "text": "Multiplayer online game A multiplayer online game is a multiplayer video game which can be played via a game server over the internet , with other players around the world . Some prominent examples of this include fighting games ( e.g. Street Fighter IV and Tekken 6 ) , sports games ( e.g. NHL 14 and Grid Autosport ) , older online games ( e.g. Sega Meganet titles ) , first-person shooters ( Battlefield 2 , BZFlag , Call of Duty , Counter-Strike , Quake 3 , Resistance 3 and Unreal Tournament ) , a subgenre of shooter games called hero shooter ( Battleborn , Overwatch and Paladins ) , strategy video games ( e.g. Warcraft 3 and StarCraft or II ) and a subgenre of strategy games called multiplayer online battle arena ( e.g. Defense of the Ancients , League of Legends , Dota 2 and Heroes of the Storm ) . These games differ from massively multiplayer online game ( MMO ) in that they do not create a persistent world , but create a playing arena for the purpose of a single game or round . In other words , they rely on a game listen server used only for that round , and there can be numerous servers all around the world . MMO games on the other hand , rely on dedicated servers , as these games must be running continuously .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ba9c6fe983b5913ac0da8f702046ce4", "text": "Game Developers Choice Award for Game of the Year The Game Developers Choice Award for the Game of the Year , also known as GDCA Game of the Year is the main video game award presented at the Game Developers Conference ( GDC ) , the largest annual gathering of professional video game developers . The conference , usually held in or around March in San Francisco , presents the award as part of the Game Developers Choice Awards ( GDCA ) , a series of awards honoring outstanding achievements in video game design for games released during the previous calendar year . Established in 2001 , the award is considered the most prestigious peer-awarded accolade in the digital games industry , as the winners are selected by votes of game developers themselves . As of the 16th conference held in March 2016 , only three studios -- all of them American -- have won the award more than once : Valve Corporation , for Half-Life 2 ( 2004 ) and Portal ( 2007 ) Bethesda Game Studios , for Fallout 3 ( 2008 ) and The Elder Scrolls V : Skyrim ( 2011 ) Naughty Dog , for Uncharted 2 : Among Thieves ( 2009 ) and The Last of Us ( 2013 ) Developers with three or more nominations in the category include Nintendo EAD ( 6 ) , BioWare ( 5 ) , Bethesda Game Studios ( 4 ) , Rockstar North ( 4 ) , Ubisoft Montreal ( 4 ) , FromSoftware ( 3 ) , Lionhead Studios ( 3 ) , and Valve Corporation ( 3 ) . As for video game publishers , the most successful to date is Sony Computer Entertainment with 9 nominations and 4 wins , followed by Nintendo ( 8 nominations and 1 win ) , Electronic Arts ( 7 nominations and 1 win ) and Rockstar Games ( 6 nominations and 1 win ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "00a47f45a8903ab372e4f8938ed1c815", "text": "List of accolades received by BioShock Infinite BioShock Infinite is a first-person shooter video game developed by Irrational Games and published by 2K Games . Players assume control of Booker DeWitt ( Troy Baker ) , who is sent to rescue Elizabeth ( Courtnee Draper ) from her captivity on the floating air city of Columbia . The game 's development was led by creative director Ken Levine . The game was officially announced on August 12 , 2010 , and was widely anticipated . At the Spike Video Game Awards , it was nominated Most Anticipated Game three times . Following its previews at the Electronic Entertainment Expo , the game won numerous awards , including Best of Show from several gaming publications . It was released worldwide on March 26 , 2013 for Microsoft Windows , PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 . Review aggregator Metacritic assigned the game a normalized score of 94 out of 100 , indicating `` universal acclaim '' , based on 27 and 68 reviews for the Windows and PlayStation 3 versions , respectively ; the Xbox 360 version received 93 out of 100 based on 33 reviews . Within four months of its release , BioShock Infinite sold approximately four million copies , and eleven million by June 2015 . BioShock Infinite garnered awards and nominations in a variety of categories with particular praise for its music , story , visual design , characters , and the acting of its cast . At the 17th Annual DICE Awards , the game received six nominations and went on to win two awards : Action Game of the Year , and Outstanding Achievement in Original Music Composition . The game earned four nominations at the 10th British Academy Video Games Awards , winning Original Music . At IGN 's Best of 2013 , the game garnered twenty nominations and went on to win nine awards , including Best Overall Shooter Game and Best Overall Graphics for Art Design . At the 14th Annual Game Developers Choice Awards , BioShock Infinite won Best Audio and Best Visual Art . The game received nine nominations at the Spike VGX , winning Best Shooter , Best Song in a Game and Character of the Year . At the National Academy of Video Game Trade Reviewers Awards , the game received eleven nominations , with Courtnee Draper winning Supporting Performance in a Drama . The game appeared on several year-end lists of the best games of 2013 , receiving Game of the Year wins from the Associated Press , CNN , Electronic Gaming Monthly , Entertainment Weekly , Forbes , and Games .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ea96a8a50eec8710d680775e3df01bd", "text": "List of Square Enix video game franchises Square Enix is a Japanese video game development and publishing company formed from the merger of video game developer Square and publisher Enix on April 1 , 2003 . The company is best known for its role-playing video game franchises , which include the Final Fantasy series , the Dragon Quest series , and the action role-playing Kingdom Hearts series . Since its inception , the company has developed or published hundreds of titles in various video game franchises on numerous gaming systems . Of its properties , the Final Fantasy franchise is the best-selling , with a total worldwide sales of over 110 million units . The Dragon Quest series has shipped over 66 million units worldwide and is one of the most popular video game series in Japan , while the Kingdom Hearts series has shipped over 22 million copies worldwide . Square Enix has owned Taito , which continues to publish its own video games , since September 2005 , and acquired game publisher Eidos Interactive in April 2009 , which was merged with Square Enix 's European publishing wing and renamed as Square Enix Europe . This list includes franchises in which Square Enix , or its original components Square and Enix , or its subsidiaries , were the primary developer or publisher , even if the series was begun prior to the subsidiary 's acquisition . Franchises are defined as any set of interconnected media consisting of more than one release , and video game franchises are defined as franchises which were initially created as a video game or series of video games . For a list of all individual games developed or published by Square Enix , see the list of Square Enix video games and mobile games . For games released before the merger , see the Square and Enix video games . For games released by Taito , both before and after the acquisition , see the list of Taito games , and for games published by Eidos prior to acquisition see the list of Eidos games .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3f6c24ae89f2bcb82390b9b67e1ad503", "text": "List of Final Fantasy media Final Fantasy is a series of role-playing video games developed and published by Square Enix ( formerly Square ) . Its first game premiered in Japan in 1987 , and Final Fantasy games have subsequently been localized for markets in North America , Europe and Australia , on nearly every video game console since its debut on the Nintendo Entertainment System . Final Fantasy is Square Enix 's most successful franchise , having sold over 97 million units worldwide to date . In addition to traditional role-playing games , the series includes tactical role-playing games , portable games , massively multiplayer online role-playing games , and games for mobile phones . Its popularity has placed it as the sixth-best-selling video game franchise , and the series has won multiple awards over the years . In addition to the 15 games released as part of the main ( numbered ) series and their many spin-offs and related titles , the Final Fantasy series has spawned many works in other media including anime , movies , novels and manga , and radio dramas . Final Fantasy : Unlimited , originally a stand-alone anime series , now has its own sub-franchise which includes video games . Many games , particularly the main series , have soundtrack album releases featuring their music in different arrangements . Square Enix has also consistently released companion books for its games which provide additional backstory and plot information , as well as detailed walkthroughs for the game . Since the announcement of Compilation of Final Fantasy VII , Square Enix has focused on `` polymorphic content '' , expanding each game world with material on many video game platforms , as well as other forms of media .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "550cd5293425c85941169f6065afa6c2", "text": "Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots Metal Gear Solid 4 : Guns of the Patriots is an action-adventure stealth video game developed by Kojima Productions and published by Konami exclusively for the PlayStation 3 console . It is the sixth Metal Gear game directed by Hideo Kojima , and was released worldwide on June 12 , 2008 . Set five years after the events of Metal Gear Solid 2 : Sons of Liberty , the story centers around a prematurely aged Solid Snake , now known as Old Snake , as he goes on one last mission to assassinate his nemesis Liquid Snake , who now inhabits the body of his former henchman Revolver Ocelot under the guise of Liquid Ocelot , before he takes control of the Sons of the Patriots , an A.I. system that controls the activities of PMCs worldwide . Guns of the Patriots received universal acclaim , garnering perfect reviews and Game of the Year awards from several major gaming publications , including GameSpot , which claimed that the game was `` technically flawless '' . Often considered to be one of the seventh generation of console gaming 's most significant titles , its release caused a boost in sales of the PlayStation 3 , where it sold over six million copies worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dd685e9bb8cadb70e6bb7ef9e2f0b5b8", "text": "Mortal Kombat X Mortal Kombat X is a fighting video game developed by NetherRealm Studios and published by Warner Bros. . Interactive Entertainment . Running on the Unreal Engine 3 , it is the tenth main installment in the Mortal Kombat video game series and a sequel to the 2011 Mortal Kombat . It was released on April 14 , 2015 for Microsoft Windows , PlayStation 4 , and Xbox One . NetherRealm studio 's mobile team developed a version for iOS and Android devices . A version for Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 was in development but was eventually cancelled because NetherRealm could not get the seventh generation of consoles versions to the quality expected of a Mortal Kombat game . High Voltage Studios developed the PC version of the game , with Polish studio QLOC taking over the work on it shortly after the release of Kombat Pack 1 . Like previous Mortal Kombat games , Mortal Kombat Xs gameplay consists of two players , or one player and the CPU , fighting against each other with their selected character , using a large , varied array of character specific attacks . The game contains several modes , such as a story mode , which takes place twenty years after the previous Mortal Kombat game , several ` Tower ' modes , which feature dynamically changing challenges , numerous online modes , and the ` Krypt ' , a mode played in a first-person perspective where players explore the areas unlocking a variety of in-game items . The console versions of Mortal Kombat X received mostly positive reviews from critics upon release . Most praise was directed at the game 's controls , overall gameplay , graphics , story , and characters , with some reviewers calling it the best game in the Mortal Kombat series . However , the PC version of the game was met with mixed reception , with reviewers blaming numerous technical issues ( including frequent crashes and slow netcode ) for severely hindering the experience . Some critics also particularly disliked the tutorials , microtransactions , and downloadable content . Selling more than 5 million copies , the game was the fastest-selling game in the franchise and the ninth best-selling game in 2015 . An upgraded version of Mortal Kombat X , titled Mortal Kombat XL , was released on March 1 , 2016 for PlayStation 4 and Xbox One . This upgrade to the game includes all downloadable content characters from the two released Kombat Packs , almost all bonus alternate costumes available at the time of release , improved gameplay , and improved netcode . This edition was also released for PC on October 4 , 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "33da760870bfa9d1d86441fcdb92c1b0", "text": "Heroes of Might and Magic III Heroes of Might and Magic III : The Restoration of Erathia is a turn-based strategy game developed by Jon Van Caneghem through New World Computing originally released for Microsoft Windows by the 3DO Company in 1999 . Its ports to several computer and console systems followed in 1999-2000 . It is the third installment of the Heroes of Might and Magic series . The game 's story is first referenced throughout Might and Magic VI : The Mandate of Heaven and serves as a prequel to Might and Magic VII : For Blood and Honor . The player can choose to play through seven different campaigns telling the story , or play in a scenario against computer or human opponents . The gameplay is very similar to its predecessors in that the player controls a number of heroes that command an army of creatures inspired by myth and legend . The gameplay is divided into two parts , tactical overland exploration and a turn based combat system . The player creates an army by spending resources at one of the eight town types in the game . The hero will progress in experience by engaging in combat with enemy heroes and monsters . The conditions for victory vary depending on the map , including conquest of all enemies and towns , collection of a certain amount of a resource , or finding the grail artifact . Heroes III was released to universal acclaim and was praised by critics . The game received the expansion packs Heroes of Might and Magic III : Armageddon 's Blade and Heroes of Might and Magic III : The Shadow of Death . Heroes Chronicles , a series of short introductory games based on the Heroes III engine , was also released . A special version of Heroes III titled Heroes III Complete , which included the original game and both expansion packs , was released in 2000 . On December 10 , 2014 , Ubisoft announced an HD version of the game . The new version features updated graphics as well as wide screen compatibility and was released on January 29 , 2015 for Microsoft Windows , iOS and Android . However , the expansions have not been re-released because their source code is lost .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "546dcfd309b61e54114a0646f5b249e1", "text": "Tomb Raider (2013 video game) Tomb Raider is an action-adventure video game developed by Crystal Dynamics and published by Square Enix . Tomb Raider is the tenth title in the Tomb Raider franchise , and operates as a reboot that emphasises the reconstructed origins of Lara Croft . Tomb Raider was released on 5 March 2013 for Microsoft Windows , PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 , and on 23 January 2014 for OS X , and on 27 April 2016 for Linux . Crystal Dynamics began development of Tomb Raider soon after the release of Tomb Raider : Underworld in 2008 . Rather than a sequel , the team decided to completely reboot the series , establishing the origins of Lara Croft for the second time , following Tomb Raider : Legend . Tomb Raider is set on Yamatai , an island from which Lara , who is untested and not yet the battle-hardened explorer she is in other titles in the series , must save her friends and escape while being hunted down by a malevolent cult . Gameplay elements focus more on survival , although exploration is used within the game when exploring the island and various optional tombs . It is also the first game in the series to have multiplayer and the first game to be published by Square Enix , after the latter 's acquisition of Eidos Interactive in 2009 . Camilla Luddington was announced to voice and perform as Lara Croft in 2010 , replacing Keeley Hawes . After a delayed release from late 2012 to March 2013 , Tomb Raider received much anticipation and hype . Upon release , the game was well received , with critics praising the graphics , the gameplay , Luddington 's performance as Lara , and Lara 's characterization and development , although the addition of a multiplayer mode was not well received and some reviewers directed criticism towards the disconnection between the narrative and the player 's actions during gameplay . Tomb Raider sold one million copies within 48 hours of its release , and has sold more than 8.5 million copies as of April 2015 , making it the best-selling Tomb Raider title to date . An updated version , Tomb Raider : Definitive Edition , was released in North America on 28 January 2014 and in Europe on 31 January 2014 for PlayStation 4 and Xbox One containing all features and DLC . A sequel , Rise of the Tomb Raider , was released in November 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b1318f23e2e6fabf22ddbe228f6772d7", "text": "Fahrenheit (2005 video game) Fahrenheit ( known as Indigo Prophecy in North America ) is a cinematic interactive drama action-adventure video game developed by Quantic Dream and published by Atari , Inc. for the PlayStation 2 and Xbox . The director 's cut and uncut versions were later released for Microsoft Windows . Fahrenheit has sold over 700,000 units worldwide since it was released in September 2005 and has won several awards . On 4 December 2007 , Atari released the game for Xbox 360 through Xbox Originals . On 8 November 2011 , Quantic Dream released the game uncensored for PC through GOG.com . A remastered version of the game , entitled Fahrenheit : Indigo Prophecy Remastered , was developed and published by Aspyr in January 2015 for Microsoft Windows , OS X , Linux and iOS . A port for the PlayStation 4 , which was developed by International Software Development Group at Sony Interactive Entertainment , was released on 9 August 2016 via PlayStation Network . In this paranormal thriller , New York City experiences a series of mysterious murders that follow the same pattern ; ordinary people become possessed and kill strangers in public . The main characters of the story must uncover the supernatural forces behind these crimes . Publicity was generated from the developer 's rejection of conventional game genre labeling ; preferring to brand it as the first `` interactive film '' rather than an adventure or third-person action title . The game features motion captured animation as well as branching story lines , split screen cameras and an interface designed to be intuitive and realistic . Event triggers in the game are also mainly time-based , as opposed to the more common player-initiated progression found in most games .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "28e5f4ca897e9f35c964e39fa7dbedb0", "text": "ARMA: Armed Assault ARMA : Armed Assault ( stylized as AA ; known as ARMA : Combat Operations in North America ) , is a tactical military first - and third-person shooter , released in late 2006 . ARMA is the spiritual successor to Operation Flashpoint : Cold War Crisis ( later renamed and re-released as ARMA : Cold War Assault by Bohemia Interactive ) and features an overhauled game engine , with improved graphics , physics , multiplayer functionality , scripting capabilities , and new units and vehicles . An expansion pack titled ARMA : Queen 's Gambit was released in 2007 . Because of legal issues between BI and Codemasters ( the original publishers of Operation Flashpoint ) , Codemasters owns the intellectual property to the name Operation Flashpoint . Since BI severed its connection with Codemasters and no longer has the legal right to use the Operation Flashpoint name , Armed Assault is considered to be the direct descendant of Operation Flashpoint . ARMA 2 ( previously referred to as `` Game 2 '' ) was released in June 2009 . Codemasters has released a rival title to BI using the name Operation Flashpoint : Dragon Rising , in which BI has no participation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "891a5a27c9984a613fba6a151a243024", "text": "Apollo Justice: Ace Attorney Apollo Justice : Ace Attorney , known in Japan as , is a visual novel adventure video game developed by Capcom . It is the fourth title in the Ace Attorney series , and was originally released for the Nintendo DS handheld game console in Japan in 2007 and in the West in 2008 , and was released for iOS and Android in December 2016 . The game takes place seven years after the previous game , Phoenix Wright : Ace Attorney − Trials and Tribulations . Phoenix Wright , the main character of previous titles in the series , has been stripped of his attorney 's badge , and Apollo Justice , an up-and-coming attorney , becomes his apprentice , working with Phoenix 's adopted daughter Trucy on four cases . The player 's goal is to get their clients declared not guilty ; to do this , they investigate the cases and cross-examine witnesses . When finding inconsistencies in witness testimonies , the player is able to present pieces of evidence that contradict the witnesses ' statements . They can also use the `` perceive '' system , in which they are able to see nervous motions or actions during witness testimonies , similar to a tell in poker . The game was developed by a team of 28 staff members , including producer Minae Matsukawa , director Mitsuru Endo , and character designer Kazuya Nuri . Series creator Shu Takumi , who wrote the game 's scenario and took on a supervisory role for the production , had wanted the series to end with Trials and Tribulations , as he felt that Phoenix 's character had been explored fully ; when it was decided that the game would get made , he wanted it to have a new main character with a new story , and wanted Phoenix to not make an appearance . Despite this , it was decided that Phoenix would be the accused in the first case in the game . Apollo Justice sold around 250,000 copies during the first retail week and 515,417 by the end of 2007 , and has been mostly positively received by critics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fa49f3eb2aaa9e6098c2adc17e9a3584", "text": "List of Crystal Dynamics video games Crystal Dynamics is an American video game developer that was founded in 1992 by Judy Lang , Madaline Canepa and Dave Morris . Based in the San Francisco Bay Area , California , Crystal Dynamics was the first licensed developer for Panasonic 's original 3DO console , a gaming hardware platform founded by Kleiner Perkins . Their first release , Crash N Burn , was a launch game for the system and was included as a pack-in game with the console . The 3DO 's launch during the 1993 Christmas season was a commercial failure , severely damaging Crystal Dynamics ' software strategy . In 1994 , the company became a publisher for two new gaming platforms , the PlayStation and the Sega Saturn . The studio was acquired by Eidos Interactive , a British video game publisher , in 1998 . After Square Enix acquired Eidos in 2009 , Crystal Dynamics became a subsidiary of Square Enix . Crystal Dynamics is best known for developing the Legacy of Kain and Gex series . Although the first Legacy of Kain video game was developed by Silicon Knights , Crystal Dynamics gained the rights to the franchise in 1998 and developed four sequels between 1999 and 2003 . In 2003 , the studio took over the development of the best-selling Tomb Raider franchise after its original developer , Core Design , failed to gain critical or commercial success with their later games . Crystal Dynamics ' first Tomb Raider game , Tomb Raider : Legend , became a commercial success with 4.5 million copies sold as of February 2009 . Its sequel , Tomb Raider : Underworld , sold 2.6 million copies and became the first game the studio developed for the PlayStation 3 . Since 2003 , the studio has focused development on the Tomb Raider franchise with the help of other studios such as Buzz Monkey Software and Nixxes Software . Crystal Dynamics has developed five games in the series , encompassing two reboots of the franchise .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "42b8093a5e292836b3ca82fb3bd15cf4", "text": "Ezio Ezio is an Italian masculine name , originating from the Latin name Aetius . It may refer to : Flavius Aetius ( c. 396 -- 454 ) , Roman general , after whom Metastasio 's libretto and all the operas below are named . Ezio ( libretto ) , opera libretto by Metastasio . Notable setting are : Ezio ( Handel ) , King 's Theatre , London 1732 Ezio ( Mysliveček ) ( 1775 ) , Naples Ezio ( Mysliveček ) ( 1777 ) , Munich -- completely new music Ezio ( Gluck ) , Prague 1750 , revised Vienna 1763 Ezio ( Traetta ) by Tommaso Traetta , Teatro delle Dame , Rome , 1757 Ezio ( Latilla ) , Naples 1758 Ezio ( band ) , a band from Cambridge , England Ezio Gamba ( born 1958 ) , an Italian judoka Ezio Mauro ( born 1948 ) , an Italian journalist Ezio Auditore da Firenze , the protagonist of Ubisoft 's Assassin 's Creed II , Assassin 's Creed Brotherhood and Assassin 's Creed Revelations Ezio ( security ) , a security solution range for online banking and shopping from Gemalto EZ-IO , an intraosseous infusion drill by Vidacare Ezio ( Flavius Aetius ) , character from Verdi 's Attila ( opera )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab776c8e054188f0657ac63f8105ecf6", "text": "Film series A film series ( also referred to as a film franchise ) is a collection of related films in succession that share the same fictional universe , or are marketed as a series . Sometimes the work is conceived from the beginning as a multiple-film work , for example the Three Colours series , but in most cases the success of the original film inspires further films to be made . Individual sequels are relatively common , but are not always successful enough to spawn further installments . The Marvel Cinematic Universe is the highest grossing film series in unadjusted US Dollar figures surpassing the Harry Potter , Star Wars , James Bond , and Peter Jackson 's The Lord of the Rings series . However , `` Star Wars '' has the highest when adjusted for inflation .", "title": "" } ]	fever
7bf2022ee10013dd2868a01ad08ffeba	There are mercury reserves in Kolyma.	[ { "docid": "7e23f3702cbae56343b122115269c233", "text": "Kolyma Kolyma ( Колыма́ , -LSB- kəlɨˈma -RSB- ) is a region located in the Russian Far East . It is bounded by the East Siberian Sea and the Arctic Ocean in the north and the Sea of Okhotsk to the south . The region gets its name from the Kolyma River and mountain range , parts of which were not discovered until 1926 . Today the region consists roughly of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug and the Magadan Oblast . The area , part of which is within the Arctic Circle , has a subarctic climate with very cold winters lasting up to six months of the year . Permafrost and tundra cover a large part of the region . Average winter temperatures range from − 19 ° C to − 38 ° C ( even lower in the interior ) , and average summer temperatures , from +3 ° C to +16 ° C . There are rich reserves of gold , silver , tin , tungsten , mercury , copper , antimony , coal , oil , and peat . Twenty-nine zones of possible oil and gas accumulation have been identified in the Sea of Okhotsk shelf . Total reserves are estimated at 3.5 billion tons of equivalent fuel , including 1.2 billion tons of oil and 1.5 billion m3 of gas . The principal town Magadan has nearly 100,000 inhabitants and is the largest port in north-eastern Russia . It has a large fishing fleet and remains open year-round thanks to icebreakers . Magadan is served by the nearby Sokol Airport . There are many public and private farming enterprises . Gold mines , pasta and sausage factories , fishing companies , and a distillery form the city 's industrial base .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "c0a2c70a4d66ada2df8f88d046ab8373", "text": "Lednikovy-Sarmaka mine The Lednikovy-Sarmaka mine is a large open pit mine located in the eastern part of Russia in Siberia . Lednikovy-Sarmaka represents one of the largest tungsten reserves in Russia having estimated reserves of 11 million tonnes of ore grading 0.37 % tungsten .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d97f4043fa5e8b5c93e4dc791a8f553", "text": "Victoria quadrangle The Victoria quadrangle is a region on Mercury from 0 to 90 ° longitude and 20 to 70 ° latitude . It is designated the `` H-2 '' quadrangle , and is also known as Aurora after a large albedo feature . Most of the Victoria quadrangle lies within an area that appears bright on telescopic images of the planet , the bright-albedo feature Aurora , which approximately coincides with the east half of the quadrangle . As is common with most of the imaged portions of Mercury , the Victoria quadrangle is dominated by basins and large craters , with plains materials occupying the areas between them .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a26078ba3dbe55f1a9c34e679f34cef8", "text": "Bagla Hills The Bagla Hills are located in eastern Sierra Leone within Gola Rainforest National Park , created in 2010 , near the border with Liberia . The site has been the subject of controversy between developers and conservationists , as it contains a large iron ore deposit . The Bagla Hills are one of the habitats of the endangered Jentink 's duiker . The deposit was first discovered in the 1970s by the now defunct American company Bethlehem Steel . Their preliminary evaluation produced `` an ore reserve estimate of 384 million tons of primary ore ( magnetite ) at 18.1 % Fe -LSB- iron -RSB- and about 90 million tons of haematite ore at 34.3 % iron . '' In 2005 , SL Minerals was awarded the exclusive prospecting license for iron ore in the Bagla Hills area . However , in May 2009 , Global Witness reported it had been told by the Director of Geological Surveys that SL Minerals had defaulted on a payment and gone into liquidation . Around 2009 , President of Sierra Leone Ernest Bai Koroma went to London , seeking investors to help his nation recover from the Sierra Leone Civil War ( 1991-2002 ) . Steve Cosser , an Australian pay-TV tycoon , proved receptive and came up with plans to mine the ore , while at the same time developing social programmes to benefit the people living there . In 2010 , Cosser purportedly obtained a 72-year lease from the 23 families living on the land . Sable Mining Africa Limited claimed to have obtained a 50-year lease in a 7 April 2011 press release , but the government of Sierra Leone stated a week later that `` all Mineral Resources within the confines of Bagla Hills is ( sic ) not for prospecting , exploration or mining , as they fall within a reserved area '' and that it would begin an investigation of both Sable Mining and Cosser 's Red Rock Mining ( SL ) Limited regarding the alleged lease acquisitions . In 2012 , the government made `` a commitment to not allow any form of mining inside the National Park . '' In October 2016 , The Standard Press reported that the High Court had ruled that two leases awarded to Cosser dated 20 December 2010 and 2 February 2011 were forgeries and awarded 50 million Sierra Leonean leones in costs to the plaintiffs . The Bagla Hills have a maximum height of 330 m.", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a0e4e418ec8c87c3cbf497e1ac53a412", "text": "2015 Gold King Mine waste water spill The 2015 Gold King Mine waste water spill was an environmental disaster that began at the Gold King Mine near Silverton , Colorado , when EPA personnel , along with workers for Environmental Restoration LLC ( a Missouri company under EPA contract to mitigate pollutants from the closed mine ) , caused the release of toxic waste water into the Animas River watershed . They caused the accident while attempting to drain ponded water near the entrance of the mine on August 5 . The maintenance by the EPA was necessary because local jurisdictions had previously refused Superfund money to fully remediate the regions ' derelict mines , due to a fear of lost tourism . After the spill , the Silverton Board of Trustees and the San Juan County Commission approved a joint resolution seeking Superfund money . Contractors accidentally destroyed the plug holding water trapped inside the mine , which caused an overflow of the pond , spilling 3 MUSgal of mine waste water and tailings , including heavy metals such as cadmium and lead , and other toxic elements , such as arsenic , beryllium , zinc , iron and copper into Cement Creek , a tributary of the Animas River in Colorado . The EPA was criticized for not warning Colorado and New Mexico about the operation until the day after the waste water spilled , despite the fact the EPA employee `` in charge of Gold King Mine knew of blowout risk . '' The EPA has taken responsibility for the incident , but refused to pay for any damages claims filed after the accident on grounds of sovereign immunity , pending special authorization from Congress or re-filing of lawsuits in federal court . Governor of Colorado John Hickenlooper declared the affected area a disaster zone . The spill affects waterways of municipalities in the states of Colorado , New Mexico , and Utah , as well as the Navajo Nation . As of August 11 , acidic water continued to spill at a rate of 500 -- while remediation efforts were underway .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ea349067fef6cfd044d0d890f808755", "text": "Mineral spring Mineral springs are naturally occurring springs that produce water containing minerals , or other dissolved substances , that alter its taste or give it a purported therapeutic value . Salts , sulfur compounds , and gases are among the substances that can be dissolved in the spring water during its passage underground . Mineral water obtained from mineral springs has long been an important commercial proposition . Mineral spas are resorts that have developed around mineral springs , where ( often wealthy ) patrons would repair to `` take the waters '' -- meaning that they would drink ( see hydrotherapy and water cure ) or bathe in ( see balneotherapy ) the mineral water . Historical mineral springs were often outfitted with elaborate stone-works -- including artificial pools , retaining walls , colonnades and roofs -- sometimes in the form of fanciful `` Greek temples '' , gazebos or pagodas . Others were entirely enclosed within spring houses .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "51748350318141653f50ac50b62c9ea9", "text": "Khabarovsk Krai Khabarovsk Krai ( -LSB- Хаба́ровский край , r = Khabarovsky kray , p = xɐˈbarəfskʲɪj kraj -RSB- ) is a federal subject of Russia ( a krai ) , located in the Russian Far East . It lies mostly in the basin of the lower Amur River , but also occupies a vast mountainous area along the coastline of the Sea of Okhotsk , an arm of the Pacific Ocean . The administrative center of the krai is the city of Khabarovsk . Population : 1,343,869 ( 2010 Census ) . The indigenous people of the area are various Tungusic peoples ( Evenks , Negidals , Ulchs , Nanai , Oroch , Udege ) and Amur Nivkhs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ef282c03e3e0e8284696f0caa4997af7", "text": "Mineral industry of Armenia The mineral industry is one of the main sectors of the Armenian economy and as of 2011 accounted for over half of the country 's exports . Armenia is a major producer of molybdenum . The Zangezur copper-molybdenum complex possesses large molybdenum reserves that are concentrated in the Kajaran deposit . Besides molybdenum , Armenia has significant deposits of copper and gold ; smaller deposits of lead , silver , and zinc ; and deposits of industrial minerals , including basalt , diatomite , granite , gypsum , limestone , and perlite . In spite of the global economic crisis of 2008 , mining production and revenues grew significantly in 2009 due to a rise in global prices of copper , gold , and other base metals .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "793019f0380862888e99ff4358406926", "text": "Komsa culture The Komsa culture ( Komsakulturen ) was a Mesolithic culture of hunter-gatherers that existed from around 10,000 BC in Northern Norway . The culture is named after the Komsa Mountain in the community of Alta , Finnmark , where the remains of the culture were first discovered . The term was first used by Norwegian archaeologist Anders Nummedal ( 1867-1944 ) after the discoveries he made on Komsa Mountain during 1925 . The distinction between a `` Komsa '' type of stone-tool culture north of the Arctic Circle and a `` Fosna '' type from Trøndelag to Oslo Fjord was rendered obsolete in the 1970s . Nowadays both phenomena are ascribed to different types of tools of the same culture . Recent archeological finds from Finnish Lapland were originally thought to represent an inland aspect of the Komsa culture equally old as the earliest finds from the Norwegian coast . However , this material is now considered to be affiliated with the contemporary Post-Swiderian culture of North Central Russia and the eastern Baltic and thus represents a separate early incursion into northernmost Scandinavia The commonly held view today is that the earliest settlement of the North Norwegian coast originated on the western and southwestern coast of Norway and ultimately in the final Palaeolithic Ahrensburg culture of northwestern Europe . The Komsa are thought to have followed the Norwegian coastline when receding glaciation at the end of the last ice age ( between 11,000 and 8000 BC ) opened up new areas for settlement . It was formerly believed that some elements may have moved into modern-day Finnmark from the northeast , possibly coming from ice-free coasts of the Kola Peninsula . However , recent research indicates that a number of the coastal sites in the Varangerfjord area previously attributed to the second phase of the `` Komsa '' continuum actually represent an early incursion from the southeast ( northwestern Russia ) and are related to the early Post-Swiderian influx discovered in northernmost Finnish Lapland . Archaeological evidence indicates that the Komsa culture was almost exclusively sea-oriented , living mainly off seal hunting and being able boatbuilders and fishermen . In comparison to the southern Norway 's contemporary Fosna variety of this same culture , stone tools and other implements appear relatively crude . This has been explained with a paucity of flintstone in the region .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "32933e7e19057af68e11894ea92cd30e", "text": "Ports of Karnataka Karnataka 's coastline called Karavali stretches 300 km between Mangalore in Dakshina Kannada district and Karwar in Uttara Kannada district . The coastline of Karnataka has been along the eastern shore of Arabian Sea . Karnataka has one major and ten minor ports in this coastal belt . Kali , Belekeri , Gangavali , Aghanashini Sharavathi , Sharabi , Kollur , Gangolli , Sitanadi , Gurpur and Netravati are the important rivers in this belt which empty into the Arabian sea . Sea erosion , migration of river mouths , siltation of ports and harbours are some of the problems common to this belt . Development of ports being a state subject , the Government of Karnataka set up the Department of Ports and Inland Water Transport in 1957 . The Department maintains one major and ten minor ports between Mangalore in the south and Karwar in the North . The only major port is the New Mangalore Port . The minor ports are located at Karwar , Old Mangalore , Belekeri , Tadadi , Honnavar , Bhatkal , Kundapur , Hangarakatta , Malpe and Padubidri ports . Of these , the one at Karwar is the only all-weather port while the rest are riverine fair-weather lighterage ports . In the light of the economic reforms that the central government implemented in the early nineties , the Karnataka government also has been making serious efforts to improve its port infrastructure . In 1997 , a `` Port Policy '' was formulated with a view to develop all ports with private participation . The policy is built around the BOOST ( Build-Own-Operate-Share and Transfer ) concept and primarily seeks to improve cargo handling capacity .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e4246e0403b72c640d753fb76f71370d", "text": "Aktogay, East Kazakhstan Region Aktogay ( Ақтоғай , Aqtoğay , اقتوعاي -LSB- ɑqtu̯ʊʁɑj -RSB- ) is a town in Ayagoz District , East Kazakhstan Region of Kazakhstan and major railway hub of Turkestan-Siberian Railway . Aktogay is located in Balkhash-Alakol lowlands , close to Balkhash lake . The Ayagoz river 's mouth is located nearby Aktogay . The climate is continental . Summer is hot +40 ° , winter is cold -40 ° . The distance to district center Ayagoz is 100 km , to the region center Ust-Kamenogorsk is 420 km , to Astana , the capital of Kazakhstan is 1250 km . The major copper deposit is discovered close to Aktogay town . This is the fourth reserves of copper in the world . Aktogay Mine and copper extraction plant was completed there and the copper cathodes production started in 2011 . The capital cost account $ 1.5-2 billion and the production capacity is 100.000 tones per annum . The city is about 30 km from Lake Balkhash .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c2374ea884d5f4888bfbb97af0542eb8", "text": "Kymi (river) The Kymi ( Kymijoki , Kymmene älv ) is a river in Finland . It begins at Lake Päijänne , flows through the provinces of Päijänne Tavastia , Uusimaa and Kymenlaakso and discharges into the Gulf of Finland . The river passes the towns of Heinola and Kouvola . The town of Kotka is located on the river delta . The length of the river is 204 km , but its drainage basin of 37107 km2 extends to almost 600 km inside the Tavastia , Central Finland , Savonia and Ostrobothnia . The furthest source of the river is Lake Pielavesi , its furthest point being some 570 km from the sea measured by flow route . The name of the river , itself , kymi , means `` large river '' , in Old Finnish . Being one of the largest rivers in Southern Finland , the Kymi is a major source of hydroelectricity . The towns of Kotka , Kuusankoski , Myllykoski and Inkeroinen along the river are major centres of the pulp and paper industry . Formerly the river was extensively used for timber rafting . The Kymijoki river has five mouths . It divides into two main branches near the Kultaankoski rapids in Kotka , about 15 km inland of the Gulf of Finland . The eastern branch splits into the Korkeakoski and Koivukoski branches , the latter branch dividing again to form two mouths ( Langinkoski and Huumanhaara ) . The Korkeakoski branch has only one river mouth . The western branch divides into Ahvenkoski and Klåsarö branches , each with one mouth . The westernmost Ahvenkoski branch of the river served as a border between Sweden and Russia from 1743 to 1809 . The parts of Finland east of the river were later called Old Finland . Old Finland was incorporated in the Grand Duchy of Finland in 1812 . The Kymi is very swift : it takes three days for its waters to run from lake Pyhäjärvi to sea . Its mean depth is 9 m , and the deepest place is 29 m.", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cf0906ee37151c976919d56c3d540548", "text": "Mintek Mintek is an autonomous research and development ( R&D ) organisation specialising in all aspects of mineral processing , extractive metallurgy and related technology . Mintek was originally established as a Minerals research laboratory by the government of South Africa in 1934 . It is still partly funded by the state with a mandate to `` promote mineral technology and to foster the establishment and expansion of industries in the field of minerals and products derived from them '' . In collaboration with minerals and metal producers locally and internationally , Mintek develops and transfers new technology to industry for processing , extracting , refining and utilising minerals and mineral products . Mintek offers R&D expertise , service test work , and technologies for the gold , platinum-group metals ( PGM ) , base metals , ferro-alloys , and industrial minerals sectors . Extensive laboratory and pilot-plant facilities are available for investigations in the following fields : Analysis ( characterisation of ores and other materials , analytical chemistry and mineralogical techniques ) , Minerals processing , Hydrometallurgy , and Pyrometallurgy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "540866c838f2fae2ae5635bb674a0d02", "text": "Mercury(I) bromide Mercury ( I ) bromide or mercurous bromide is the chemical compound composed of mercury and bromine with the formula Hg2Br2 . It changes color from white to yellow when heated and fluoresces a salmon color when exposed to ultraviolet light . It has applications in acousto-optical devices . A very rare mineral form is called kuzminite , Hg2 ( Br , Cl ) 2 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4af18e21af7ca2d66250bfc8c757108d", "text": "Heritage of Mercury. Almadén and Idrija Heritage of Mercury . Almadén and Idrija is a joint UNESCO World Heritage site in Almadén , Castile-La Mancha , Spain , and Idrija , Slovenia . The property encompasses two mercury mining sites . In Almadén mercury has been extracted since Antiquity , while in Idrija it was first found in 1490 A.D. The sites bear testimony to the intercontinental trade in mercury which generated important exchanges between Europe and America over the centuries . The two sites represent the two largest mercury mines in the world and were operational until recent times . Mercury played an important role in extracting gold and silver from ores , dug in American mines . In addition , both sites illustrate the various industrial , territorial , urban and social elements of a specific sociotechnical system in the mining and metal production industries . At the heart of the Almadén site is a Mining Park , where the public can go underground . There are also buildings relating to the town ´ s mining history , including Retamar Castle , the San Rafael Mining Hospital ( now an archive ) , and eighteenth-century dwellings which form a hexagonal bullring . The site in Idrija notably features mercury stores and infrastructure , as well as miners ' living quarters , and a miners ' theatre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b92fe8c5131f716ff3ab734fd7932946", "text": "Mangazeisky mine The Mangazeisky mine is one of the largest silver mines in Russia and in the world . The mine is located in Siberia . The mine has estimated reserves of 31 million oz of silver .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "766c610b98042bac69136c56318f2b10", "text": "Silver Silver is the metallic element with the atomic number 47 . Its symbol is Ag , from the Latin argentum , derived from the Greek ὰργὀς ( literally `` shiny '' or `` white '' ) , and ultimately from a Proto-Indo-European language root reconstructed as * h2erǵ - , `` grey '' or `` shining '' . A soft , white , lustrous transition metal , it exhibits the highest electrical conductivity , thermal conductivity , and reflectivity of any metal . The metal is found in the Earth 's crust in the pure , free elemental form ( `` native silver '' ) , as an alloy with gold and other metals , and in minerals such as argentite and chlorargyrite . Most silver is produced as a byproduct of copper , gold , lead , and zinc refining . Silver has long been valued as a precious metal . Silver metal is used in many bullion coins , sometimes alongside gold : while it is more abundant than gold , it is much less abundant as a native metal . Its purity is typically measured on a per-mille basis ; a 94 % - pure alloy is described as `` 0.940 fine '' . As one of the seven metals of antiquity , silver has had an enduring role in most human cultures . Silver is used in numerous applications other than currency , such as solar panels , water filtration , jewellery , ornaments , high-value tableware and utensils ( hence the term silverware ) , and as an investment medium ( coins and bullion ) . Silver is used industrially in electrical contacts and conductors , in specialized mirrors , window coatings , and in catalysis of chemical reactions . Silver compounds are used in photographic film and X-rays . Dilute silver nitrate solutions and other silver compounds are used as disinfectants and microbiocides ( oligodynamic effect ) , added to bandages and wound-dressings , catheters , and other medical instruments .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e56db8659dbd25edf59be204b1fbc03f", "text": "Mount Kholodilnik Kholodilnik Mountain ( гора́ Холоди́льник or со́пка Холодильник lit . `` Mt. Refrigerator '' ) , is a mountain in eastern Russia . It is located in Primorsky Krai , and is in the highest peak within the city of Vladivostok . Mount Kholodilnik ( height 257.9 , was-Mount Myravyov-Amursky ) is the highest point in Vladivostok . Height is 297 meters . There are fortifications : Fort Count Muravyov - Amur Vladivostok fortress , five lettered fortress batteries and Soviet battery № 198 '' Kholodilnik '' . Currently , some fortifications are abandoned , others are on the territory of the military unit . Tourists want to visit this place to see the Soviet naval battery sample number 198 1935 years and four 130 - mm gun B - 13-3s . There are still buildings and cellars of the former fort of Major-General Count Nikolai Muravyov - Amursky . Many fortifications have long been abandoned , but some of them are now used by the military unit , which is located almost at the top of the mountain . On the eastern slope of the hill there are many places for a picnic . There is a spring of pure water . Geologically the hills to the south of Vladivostok are the Sikhote-Alin . Slopes on the mountain are used for the open championship of the Far East for downhill and cross-country . It is also used by mountain paragliders . So the rules are elements of air , the result of magical work on the hill Fridge is always weather changing . Therefore , if the weather in city changes completely unexpected , for example suddenly among of the blue sky clouds are formed and it begins to rain , most likely the reason for that is in the magical effect on a hill Fridge . Or , conversely , when the whole sky is overcast over the city , citizens can see in the sky a large circle of clear sky over the hill forts Refrigerator - It is an evidence of that at this moment being magical work is . Entrance to the mountain , oddly enough , is under water . Every 3 years products are imported there in the event of war , then they `` close '' the entrance to this place . They say that the food will last for a whole year to feed the city of Vladivostok . Mount Refrigerator is protected with naval vessels .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7c79a46e7282c4f00b77def69350d626", "text": "Precious metal A precious metal is a rare , naturally occurring metallic chemical element of high economic value . Chemically , the precious metals tend to be less reactive than most elements ( see noble metal ) . They are usually ductile and have a high lustre . Historically , precious metals were important as currency but are now regarded mainly as investment and industrial commodities . Gold , silver , platinum , and palladium each have an ISO 4217 currency code . The best known precious metals are the coinage metals , gold and silver . Although both have industrial uses , they are better known for their uses in art , jewelry , fine jewelry and coinage . Other precious metals include the platinum group metals : ruthenium , rhodium , palladium , osmium , iridium , and platinum , of which platinum is the most widely traded . The demand for precious metals is driven not only by their practical use but also by their role as investments and a store of value . Historically , precious metals have commanded much higher prices than common industrial metals .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6784ec82391e9efcc8c5fe95c9f2e97a", "text": "Illegal logging in Madagascar Illegal logging has been a problem in Madagascar for decades and is perpetuated by extreme poverty and government corruption . Often taking the form of selective logging , the trade has been driven by high international demand for expensive , fine-grained lumber such as rosewood and ebony . Historically , logging and exporting in Madagascar have been regulated by the Malagasy government , although the logging of rare hardwoods was explicitly banned from protected areas in 2000 . Since then , government orders and memos have intermittently alternated between permitting and banning exports of precious woods . The most commonly cited reason for permitting exports is to salvage valuable wood from cyclone damage , although this reasoning has come under heavy scrutiny . This oscillating availability of Malagasy rosewood and other precious woods has created a market of rising and falling prices , allowing traders or `` timber barons '' to stockpile illegally sourced logs during periodic bans and then flood the market when the trade windows open and prices are high . The unsustainable exploitation of these tropical hardwoods , particularly rosewood from the SAVA Region , has escalated significantly since the start of the 2009 Malagasy political crisis . Thousands of poorly paid Malagasy loggers have flooded into the national parks -- especially in the northeast -- building roads , setting up logging camps , and cutting down even the most difficult to reach rosewood trees . Illegal activities are openly flaunted , armed militia have descended upon local villages , and a rosewood mafia easily bribe government officials , buying export permits with ease . These illegal operations are funded in part by advance payments for future shipments ( financed by Chinese expatriates and Chinese importers ) and by loans from large , international banks . Demand is fueled mostly by a growing Chinese middle class and their desire for exotic imperial-style furniture . European and American demand for high-end musical instruments and furniture have also played a role . However , public scrutiny has put significant pressure on shipping companies involved in the trade , and the United States is starting to enforce the Lacey Act by investigating companies with suspected involvement in the illegal trade of Malagasy precious woods . Logging in Madagascar 's tropical rainforests has had many secondary effects , beyond the risk of depletion of rare , endemic trees . Habitat has been disturbed , illegal mining has begun , local people have turned in desperation to the forests for resources , and poaching of endangered wildlife has escalated . Lemurs , the most well-known faunal group from the island , have been captured for the exotic pet trade as well as killed for food . Even the most critically endangered species have been targeted , primarily to feed a growing demand for delicacy food in up-scale restaurants . The local villagers have also suffered as tourism has declined sharply or ceased almost entirely . Some have resorted to working as loggers for minimal pay , while others have spoken out against it , often receiving death threats from the rosewood mafia in return .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c02a4def8ea1103ad847a38f246f91dc", "text": "Amur Acquisition The Amur Annexation refers to the incorporation of the southeast corner of Siberia into Russia in 1858 -- 60 . The two areas involved are the Priamurye between the Amur River and the Stanovoy Range to the north and the Primorye which runs down the coast from the Amur mouth to the Korean border ; and does not include Sakhalin Island . The territory of Outer Manchuria was formerly under the control of the Qing dynasty . In the modern-day geography of Russia , Priamurye ( `` the Amur Lands '' ) roughly corresponds to the Amur Oblast and the southern half of the Khabarovsk Krai , while Primorye ( `` the Maritime Lands '' ) corresponds to the Primorsky Krai ( and , possibly , adjacent sections of Khabarovsk Krai ) .", "title": "" } ]	fever
f3f601e0a1c54843af8ff937b981a196	Your Highness stars an actor.	[ { "docid": "6dde73fab7f628990cf3fb7bfdbed889", "text": "Justin Theroux Justin Paul Theroux ( born August 10 , 1971 ) is an American actor and screenwriter . He is best known for his work with film director David Lynch . He appeared in Mulholland Drive ( 2001 ) and Inland Empire ( 2006 ) . He is also known as a screenwriter for films such as Tropic Thunder , Iron Man 2 , Rock of Ages , and Zoolander 2 . Since 2014 , he has starred in the HBO series The Leftovers and more recently starred in the 2016 film The Girl on the Train .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fdfd2dcb0473ac112a413fe80cb76d23", "text": "Your Highness Your Highness is a 2011 American stoner comic fantasy film directed by David Gordon Green , and stars Danny McBride , James Franco , Natalie Portman , Zooey Deschanel and Justin Theroux . Written by McBride and Ben Best , the film was released on April 8 , 2011 . The film received negative reviews from critics and was a box office bomb , grossing $ 28 million worldwide against a $ 50 million budget .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "e91d1f4cb457d9bebd3f7cf71f2ed7b7", "text": "Blake Ritson Blake Adam Ritson ( born 14 January 1978 ) is an English actor and director .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0aaeda5ada48bd88e96aed2ec807dea0", "text": "John Michael King John Michael King ( May 13 , 1926 -- August 17 , 2008 ) was an American actor most often associated with his roles in musical theatre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b74322777796564cd2fbfef4334be149", "text": "Gethin Anthony Gethin David L. Anthony ( born 9 October 1983 ) is an English television and film actor best known for his role as Renly Baratheon in Game of Thrones .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1da189226c838b1340f1dfe9e3b07250", "text": "Robert Hardy Timothy Sydney Robert Hardy , CBE , FSA ( born 29 October 1925 ) is an English actor with a long career in the theatre , film and television .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "024a1a63e9ac465e054131ee388f2f49", "text": "Chandler Canterbury Chandler Canterbury ( born December 15 , 1998 ) is an American actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ff6b17bb5651636c1be379e776a276bc", "text": "Sylvester Groth Sylvester Groth ( born 31 March 1958 ) is a German film actor and tenor . He is best known to English language audiences for appearing in Quentin Tarantino 's 2009 film Inglourious Basterds , in which he portrayed Nazi Minister of Propaganda Joseph Goebbels . He also appears in the opening scene of the third season of Fargo . His first major film role was in 1993 's Stalingrad . Groth portrayed Goebbels in the 2007 German film Mein Führer -- Die wirklich wahrste Wahrheit über Adolf Hitler , directed by Dani Levy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "608f88a63a241832caeeb3b0303fc6de", "text": "Jeremy Lindsay Taylor Jeremy Lindsay Taylor ( born Sydney , 19 September 1973 ) is an Australian actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e7d3ca38cd8550207a85acfade2a0875", "text": "Rossif Sutherland Rossif Sutherland ( born September 25 , 1978 ) is a Canadian actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4debceab3c80314b473057b47fa295f7", "text": "Christopher Plummer Arthur Christopher Orme Plummer ( born December 13 , 1929 ) is a Canadian theatre , film and television actor . After making his film debut in Stage Struck ( 1958 ) , Plummer went on to a successful film career , now spanning more than five decades . Some of his most notable film performances include : The Sound of Music ( 1965 ) , Battle of Britain ( 1969 ) , Waterloo ( 1970 ) , The Return of the Pink Panther ( 1975 ) , Murder by Decree ( 1979 ) , Dragnet ( 1987 ) , Star Trek VI : The Undiscovered Country ( 1991 ) , A Beautiful Mind ( 2001 ) , Nicholas Nickleby ( 2002 ) , National Treasure ( 2004 ) , The New World ( 2005 ) , Inside Man ( 2006 ) , Up ( 2009 ) , The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus ( 2009 ) , and The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo ( 2011 ) . In a career which includes substantial roles in each of the dramatic arts , Plummer is best known to film audiences as the aristocratic widower , Captain Georg von Trapp , in the musical film The Sound of Music ( 1965 ) , alongside Julie Andrews . Plummer has ventured into various television projects , including the miniseries The Thorn Birds ( 1983 ) . Plummer has notably portrayed several historical figures , including Arthur Wellesley , First Duke of Wellington in Waterloo ( 1970 ) , Rudyard Kipling in The Man Who Would Be King ( 1975 ) , Mike Wallace in The Insider ( 1999 ) , and Leo Tolstoy in The Last Station ( 2009 ) . Plummer has won numerous awards and accolades for his work , including an Academy Award , two Emmy Awards , two Tony Awards , a Golden Globe Award , a SAG Award , and a BAFTA Award . With his win at age 82 in 2012 for Beginners , Plummer is the oldest actor ever to win an Academy Award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ecec86c16dbed540e1748ef684646c73", "text": "Sacha Dhawan Sacha Dhawan ( born May 1 , 1984 ) is a British actor of Indian descent . He has performed on stage , film , television and radio .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6707712f499d3bbdf242bdf0622c494f", "text": "Jesse Borrego Jesse Borrego ( born August 1 , 1962 in San Antonio ) is an American actor . He is best known for his roles as Cruz Candelaria in Blood In Blood Out , Jesse V. Valesquez in Fame , Gael Ortega in 24 , and as George King in Dexter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7fbb1ab048b963bb69381737f5f8af4f", "text": "Ozman Sirgood Osman Soykut ( born January 1 , 1957 ) , better known by his stage name Ozman Sirgood , is an American actor of Turkish and East European heritage .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b8e83c845f3f8f3cd6c059c4c6abc074", "text": "Andy Ansah Andrew Owusu `` Andy '' Ansah ( born 19 March 1969 ) is an English actor and former professional footballer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a72142050c9fd269615eb434fa11e9a1", "text": "James Wilby James Jonathon Wilby ( born 20 February 1958 ) is an English film , television and theatre actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f5067aaab83726ee338b3c669acd0431", "text": "Anthony Mackie Anthony Dwane Mackie ( born September 23 , 1978 ) is an American actor . He has been featured in feature films , television series , and Broadway and Off-Broadway plays , including Ma Rainey 's Black Bottom , Drowning Crow , McReele , A Soldier 's Play , and Carl Hancock Rux 's Talk , for which he won an Obie Award in 2002 . In 2002 , he was featured in Eminem 's debut film , 8 Mile . He was nominated for Independent Spirit Award for Best Actor for his role in Brother to Brother . His second nomination was for Best Supporting Actor at the 2009 Independent Spirit Awards for his role in The Hurt Locker . In 2014 , he joined the Marvel Cinematic Universe as Sam Wilson / Falcon , making his first appearance in Captain America : The Winter Soldier , and reprising the role in Avengers : Age of Ultron , Ant-Man , and Captain America : Civil War . In May 2016 , he co-starred in the HBO TV film All the Way as Martin Luther King Jr. , opposite Bryan Cranston , who was reprising his Tony Award-winning performance as President Lyndon B. Johnson in the play of the same name .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b6976702e0323ad976df60853608b7b7", "text": "Thomas Ho (actor) Thomas Ho Siu-hung , born 19 August 1973 , Kowloon , Hong Kong , is a British actor , of Chinese descent .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fa644dab4eb1f6a263002c37d55ca235", "text": "Holmes Herbert Holmes Herbert ( born Horace Edward Jenner ; 30 July 1882 -- 26 December 1956 ) was an English character actor who appeared in Hollywood films from 1915 to 1952 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "903612d09a56ae94912f4710427f6253", "text": "Muhannad Al Jumaili Muhannad Al Jumaili ( Arabic : مهند الجميلي ; born 19 March 1986 ) , Saudi Arabian actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4676ab0a9e8d886fd2000dcc58aeb1ad", "text": "Ben Chaplin Ben Chaplin ( born Benedict John Greenwood ; 31 July 1969 ) is an English actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d2de7b65be5be81cbeea203154b9984d", "text": "Devon Terrell Devon Terrell Currie ( born 23 October 1992 ) , known as Devon Terrell , is an American-Australian actor best known for portraying a young Barack Obama in the 2016 biographical film Barry .", "title": "" } ]	fever
5f06972ab4bdf14c93c11677d0c640fe	Lindsay Lohan began her career as an adult fashion model.	[ { "docid": "11442f6c29b62403afec9a93c88dab5b", "text": "Lindsay Lohan Lindsay Dee Lohan ( born July 2 , 1986 ) is an American actress and singer . Lohan began her career as a child fashion model when she was three , and was later featured on the soap opera Another World for a year when she was 10 . At age 11 , Lohan made her motion picture debut in Disney 's commercially and critically successful 1998 remake of The Parent Trap . Her next major motion picture , Disney 's 2003 remake of Freaky Friday , was also a critical and commercial success . With the release of Mean Girls ( 2004 ) , another critical and commercial success , and Disney 's Herbie : Fully Loaded ( 2005 ) , another commercial success , Lohan became a teen idol sensation , a household name and a frequent focus of paparazzi and tabloids . However , Lohan 's next starring role in the romantic comedy Just My Luck ( 2006 ) , received poor reviews and was only a modest commercial success . Following Just My Luck , Lohan focused on smaller , more mature roles in independent movies , receiving positive comments on her work , including A Prairie Home Companion ( 2006 ) , Bobby ( 2006 ) and Chapter 27 ( 2007 ) . After recording several songs for her movie soundtracks , Lohan signed with Casablanca Records . Lohan 's debut studio album , titled Speak , was released in December 2004 and became the first high-seller from Casablanca in several years , selling 1 million copies in the United States alone and peaking at number four on the Billboard 200 . Though the album received mostly lukewarm reviews , it was certified platinum and sold over 4 million copies worldwide . Lohan 's second album , titled A Little More Personal ( Raw ) , was released in December 2005 and featured darker material than her debut had . That album received mixed reviews , and it was certified gold . In 2007 , two driving under the influence incidents led to Lohan being put on probation , and together with three visits to rehabilitation facilities caused the loss of several movie deals . In 2008 and 2009 , Lohan worked as a fashion model and launched the clothing line 6126 . She resumed her acting career with TV work in 2008 , and starred in the TV film Labor Pains ( 2009 ) . She appeared in Robert Rodriguez 's feature film Machete ( 2010 ) . Between 2010 and 2013 , Lohan went into rehabilitation three times , and spent much of her time entangled in legal problems stemming from misdemeanors and probation violations . In 2012 and 2013 , she did further television work , including starring as Elizabeth Taylor in the biographical TV film Liz & Dick ( 2012 ) . In 2013 , she starred in Paul Schrader 's independent film The Canyons . In 2014 , the docu-series Lindsay aired on the Oprah Winfrey Network , and Lohan made her stage debut in the London West End production of Speed-the-Plow .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "455e715c4f05d3549020a743ce519d72", "text": "Kiss (Irish magazine) Kiss ( stylised as KISS ) was an Irish magazine aimed at a teenage market containing knowledge about adolescent matters such as fashion advice , confessions , features on teenage cultural icons , relationship advice and problem pages with solutions especially designed for teenage readers . It is part of the VIP publishing franchise of Michael O'Doherty . Kiss was launched on 31 October 2002 as the first of O'Doherty 's solo business ventures . He had previously engaged in a number of co-ordinated business ventures in Ireland with his former business partner John Ryan ; Kiss succeeded the co-owned establishments of Magill in 1997 and VIP in 1999 and preceded later titles such as the glossy monthly targeted at women in the age group of eighteen to thirty-four Stellar and the failed New York Dog venture in New York City . Kiss is published at 2-4 Ely Place in Dublin 2 . Kiss '' 's rivals are the United Kingdom 's Bliss and Sugar . Upon its launch Kiss was lauded in the Irish media for its attempts to contribute to a more liberal and sexualised Ireland , one where the influence of the Roman Catholic Church had declined dramatically in the preceding decade . Only three decades previously , such teenage-oriented magazines were much more reserved in their content and approach and even the titles , i.e. Jackie and Blue Jeans , were not as outspoken as the word `` kiss '' in capitalised letters . Kiss was launched by O'Doherty 's publishing company as a response to the increasing popularity of similar , albeit British-based , publications such as Bliss and Sugar . It launched on 31 October 2002 , at the original ( much-deflated by current standards ) price of $ 2.50 and aimed at female readers between the ages of fourteen and seventeen . The first issue featured heavily its mantra of dealing with teenage problems , including articles on school bullying and the difficulties of blushing , written in a `` chatty and informative '' manner so as not to `` patronise '' the target audience . However O'Doherty is adamant that his magazine will not encourage young children to `` sleep with their boyfriends by providing How-To-Pleasure-Your-Fella features '' . To supplement its tone Kiss employs experts on what teenagers consider fashionable , with its so-called `` agony aunt '' being Sarah Scully , a child psychologist in Saint James 's Hospital , Dublin . Upon its launch the magazine was edited by Susan Vasquez , now editor of O'Doherty 's Stellar '' . The magazine is currently edited by Nathalie Màrquez Courtney . Kiss published its last issue in September 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fbcc2bdef613a39c3914a59710cad841", "text": "Tana Louise Tana Louise was a burlesque striptease artist , nicknamed the `` Cincinnati Sinner '' , in the 1950s . However , she was more famous as a fetish model . She contributed regularly to the fetish magazine Exotique , as both a columnist and model , she and even married the owner of the magazine , Leonard Burtman . Among the photographers that she worked with was Irving Klaw . In 1950 , she was accused of hitting fellow stripper , Emerald Forrest , over the head with a club . When asked of the charges , Louise responded : `` T'ain ' t so '' . By the late 1950s , her marriage to Burtman had begun to deteriorate , and they divorced . Soon after , she left the magazine and disappeared from the public eye . She was one of the most famous fetish models of her day , but , as time went on , she was overshadowed by her peer , Bettie Page . Louise was sued by Tina Louise for allegedly `` swiping her name and capitalizing on her fame '' . In the 1960s , Tana Louise and burlesque striptease artist Mara Gaye started an exotic bizarre costumes mail order catalog company called `` Tana and Mara '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d16900fed087ee59397c2ce97a7c87c6", "text": "Lindsay Adler Lindsay Adler ( 17 September 1985 ) is an American portrait and fashion photographer based out of Manhattan , New York . Her editorials have appeared in Bullett Magazine , Zink Magazine and Fault . She has contributed to photo publications Professional Photographer , Rangefinder Magazine , and Popular Photography . In May 2010 Adler published her first book , A Linked Photographers ' Guide to Online Marketing and Social Media . Her second book , Fashion Flair for Portrait and Wedding Photography , was named one of Amazon.com 's Best Books of 2011 in Arts & Photography . Adler also speaks and teaches within the photographic community . She was scheduled to speak in 33 cities in 2015 , on her educational tour , Body Beautiful . She has been a contributor on CreativeLIVE and Kelby Training . She is also the co-host of The Framed Network 's series `` The Concept '' ( a series of shows on YouTube ) with fine art photographer Brooke Shaden .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "47ba3b7060c55a600a5b51f4261c8695", "text": "Derrick Davenport Derrick Davenport '' ' ( born January 14 , 1978 ) is an American porn male model , best known for being Playgirl '' 's 2006 Man of the Year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a7d2811bcdd1968ad5f99f286f4b90eb", "text": "Chloe (actress) Chloe ( born November 14 , 1971 ) is the stage name of an American pornographic actress , nude model and director .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5fcf3291af3fddc4f12e6d60167a900c", "text": "Behati Prinsloo Behati Prinsloo ( -LSB- biˈɑːti_ˈprɪnsluː -RSB- ; -LSB- ˈbɛɦati ˈprənslʊə -RSB- ; born 16 May 1989 ) is a Namibian model . In 2008 , she became the first Victoria 's Secret PINK contract model , and moved on to become a Victoria 's Secret Angel in 2009 . She has walked in nine consecutive Victoria 's Secret Fashion Shows ( 2007 , 2008 , 2009 , 2010 , 2011 , 2012 , 2013 , 2014 , and 2015 ) . She has opened two Victoria 's Secret Fashion Shows in a row ( 2014 and 2015 ) . The video of Behati finding out she is opening her second Victoria 's Secret Fashion Show in a row has over one million views on YouTube .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8c5b79f1e2d7cf69530cc97ba9883071", "text": "Dina Lohan Donata Melina Nicolette `` Dina '' Lohan ( -LSB- ˈloʊ.ən -RSB- ) Sullivan ( born September 15 , 1962 ) is an American television personality who rose to fame as the mother and manager of actress Lindsay Lohan . She also is mother of Michael Jr. , Aliana and Dakota Lohan", "title": "" }, { "docid": "73b504239bb7b3f83b9c0744ee000bbb", "text": "Seventeen (Japanese magazine) is a monthly Japanese fashion magazine for female teenagers published by Shueisha . Launched in 1967 as a weekly magazine based on the original American Seventeen , the magazine changed the name to SEVENTEEN in 1987 , and to Seventeen in 2008 . Since the late 1990s , Seventeen has been the highest-selling teenage fashion magazine in Japan , and has featured its exclusive teenage models as ST-Mo ( STモ - Seventeen Model ) . Seventeen is very sought after among models ( teenage models ) because being featured on the magazine especially on its cover and certain pages , strongly helps them to get high-quality endorsements and prestigious contracts . Well-known former Seventeen models include Keiko Kitagawa , Nana Eikura , Rie Miyazawa , Anna Tsuchiya , Hinano Yoshikawa , and Emi Suzuki .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4549217682cc57d5dad834ac0ee80fa9", "text": "Sex columnist A sex columnist is a writer of a newspaper or magazine column about sex . Sex advice columns may take the form of essays or , more frequently , answers to questions posed by readers . Sex advice columns can usually be found in alt weekly newspapers , women 's magazines , health or fitness magazines , and student newspapers . While some are written by trained sexologists , many are penned by people lacking credentials in human sexuality and relationships , yet willing to divulge their opinions or personal bedroom antics . The television series Sex and the City protagonist Carrie Bradshaw was a sex columnist , which author Candace Bushnell modeled after herself in her original non-fiction book based on a column of the same name . The show , which first aired in 1998 , is credited with the increase of sex columnists found in college campus newspapers and blogs , such as at Ivy League colleges and many other schools . One such columnist , Meghan Bainum , at the University of Kansas , Lawrence , placed in the 42nd annual William Randolph Hearst Foundation Journalism Awards Program ( 2001 -- 2002 ) for her column . Anka Radakovich was the first of a new breed of sex columnists for whom `` every detail of the writer 's psyche is splayed across the page ... confessional journalism at its most intimate '' . Radakovich had written for the old Details magazine when it was a chronicle of downtown fashion and night life . After James Truman became editor-in-chief and transformed Details into a men 's magazine , he offered Radakovich a column in September 1990 . She became the first modern-day magazine sex columnist working for a mainstream men 's publication .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "45862ce58497dab0f65103555c1e8478", "text": "Ugly Models Ugly Models is a London-based alternative modelling agency that specialises in character modelling . Its owner Marc French says it is about `` celebrating everyone 's unique beauty '' . Its major clients include Calvin Klein , Levi 's , Diesel , Vogue , Elle , and Cosmopolitan . Its models have appeared in film series such as Harry Potter , Pirates of the Caribbean and James Bond . Ugly Models are in official partnership with Guinness World Records and represents the world 's tallest man , the world 's most pierced woman and the world 's most tattooed man .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "48ecf4aa4801d8852817a44f95d4a497", "text": "Allanah Starr Allanah Starr is an American male-to-female transsexual former pornographic actress . She grew up in Miami , Florida but later relocated to New York City around 1999 . She has described herself as having `` always felt extremely effeminate '' but did not start dressing as a female until after high school , when she attended art school . Her films include Allanah Starr 's Big Boob Adventures , directed by transsexual Gia Darling , which included a pornographic first - a filmed sex scene between a male-to-female transsexual and a female-to-male transsexual ( Buck Angel ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "30df1803c1c23b107dad62a152cb50f1", "text": "Daniela Urzi Daniela Urzi ( -LSB- daˈnjela ˈursi -RSB- ; born October 28 , 1975 , San Fernando , Buenos Aires ) is a fashion model from Argentina . She has appeared in fashion campaigns for Armani Jeans , the Giorgio Armani collection , Roberto Cavalli , Burberry , and John Richmond , and has done catalog work for Victoria 's Secret . Her magazine covers include international editions of Vogue and ELLE . Directly from Latin America , a new young man has managed to carve out a prestigious niche in the world of fashion . Daniela Urzi is not only just a girl of study or a body 86-59-86 ( chest , waist , hip ) walking on the catwalk , is a name that is printed on paper and has managed to achieve that throne , within Argentine models only he had Valeria Mazza . But unlike the latter , Daniela flees the look of blond with blue eyes and points to the rage of the moment wearing a brown hair that enhances his blue eyes . This gives it a personal touch that has been captured on the covers of various publications such as Marie Claire ( France ) , Elle ( Spain and Argentina ) , Cosmopolitan ( Argentina ) and Harper 's Bazaar . It has also been the face of brands like Victoria ' s Secret Cortefiel , Silhouette , Mango , Giorgio Armani , Candy , Margaret Astor , La Perla , Burberry , Chanel N ° 5 , Revlon and Triumph . -", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d36ba0c12e496595170fd77cd6594c4", "text": "Andrea Lowell Andrea Lowell ( born 1983 ) is an American actress and model most recognizable from her Playboy magazine nude pictorials and on air work for a variety of Playboy TV programs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4ea09acbb272f5b25f8d328949adc299", "text": "Sinéad Noonan Sinéad Noonan ( born 28 November 1987 ) is an Irish former model and actress who won Miss Ireland 2008 . Noonan was born in Dublin to Peter and Stephanie Noonan , and grew up in Dunboyne , Meath . She attended St. Peter 's College where she excelled in drama , and now holds a First class degree in Speech and Drama , as well as a certificate in Advance Acting , and speaks English , Irish and French fluently . In 2008 , Noonan represented Meath at Miss Ireland in Dublin where judges included music manager Louis Walsh , actor Matt Di Angelo , and former Miss Ireland Pamela Flood , and emerged winner . Her victory enabled her to represent her country at Miss World where she made the top ten in the talent competition . Noonan , who appeared in several plays and short films , cited Halle Berry as her role model , and originally planned to open a Drama school and become an actress , but later launched a modelling career . Represented by Compton Model Agency and Assets , Noonan became the face of Lipsey 's Autumn/Winter 2008 collection and Gillian Hughes hats . In 2009 , Noonan told the Sunday Mirror that she would welcome any offers to pose nude , provided it was tastefully done . Noonan has since retired from modelling , and currently resides in Dubai where she works as an air hostess for Emirates .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "97c35861afbe2e09ffb82b8551f8813c", "text": "Manish Malhotra Manish Malhotra is an Indian fashion designer . Manish Malhotra 's prolific career spanning 27 years has seen him redefine fashion for an entire generation of Indians . From his work with Hindi cinema 's influential leading-ladies to launching his eponymous label in 2005 , Manish Malhotra tells design stories in a language profuse with elegance , ultra-femininity and unapologetic glamour . 2016 was a milestone year for Manish Malhotra as it marked 26 years of his association with Hindi cinema as a designer and stylist and 11 years since the creation of the eponymous label . In 2013 , Manish Malhotra was the first designer to have opened the largest , Indian single-brand couture store sprawled over 9,000 sq.ft in Delhi . The following year , the label marked a turnover of over INR 1 Billion making it one of the first Indian luxury fashion houses to achieve this milestone .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "734234a9581c7912dc8681bd520a6336", "text": "Kokoro Amano , is an AV Idol and glamour model who starred in adult videos between 2001 and 2004 . She worked mainly for Soft On Demand and Moodyz .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1fee72ae7b9514b5ad18b4a4c246c866", "text": "Jackie (magazine) Jackie was a weekly British magazine for girls . The magazine was published by D. C. Thomson & Co. Ltd of Dundee from 11 January 1964 until its closure on 3 July 1993 -- a total of 1534 issues . The name was chosen from a list of girls ' names , although it was nearly dropped due to the association with Jackie Kennedy following her husband 's assassination in 1963 . An urban legend exists that it was named after Jacqueline Wilson who worked there at the time , before she became a notable children 's author . Although the author has attempted to perpetuate this claim , this has been denied by those who were involved in the launch . Ex-RAF Engine Fitter Gordon Small was the first editor . TV critic Nina Myskow was a former editor . Jackie was the best-selling teen magazine in Britain for ten years , with sales rising from an initial 350,000 to 605,947 in 1976 . The best ever selling issue was the 1972 special edition to coincide with the UK tour of American singer David Cassidy . During the 1970s , `` Jackie '' published a mix of fashion and beauty tips , gossip , short stories and comic strips . The latter were usually illustrated with line drawings or posed photographs , especially if the story involved a `` reader 's true life experience '' . Both the comics and the short stories invariably dealt with either romance or family issues . The centre pages of the magazine usually contained a pull-out poster of a popular band or film star . Jackie became very popular with young teenage girls , not least because of the `` Cathy and Claire '' problem page , which received 400 reader letters a week and dealt with controversial issues that were nonetheless relevant to the readership . However , the subjects covered in the column were not reflective of the majority of readers ' letters , which focused on sex-related issues -- DC Thomson as a result kept the editorial brief , but created a series of help leaflets which they sent to letter writers . In 1974 the NHS made the contraceptive pill free on prescription , and so under editor Myskow the magazine introduced a `` Dear Doctor '' column , which covered what were termed as `` below the waist issues '' . Sales declined after the 1970s , and by 1993 circulation had dropped to 50,000 weekly . Deciding not to follow the more sexual and high-fashion orientation of newer teenage magazines , DC Thomson chose to shut the magazine down . It was one of several Thomson papers to close that year . More recently , the company has started issuing every year a historic Jackie annual . BBC Radio invited Jackie Clune to do an epitaph for Jackie and , in 2007 , the BBC produced an hour long programme devoted to the magazine 's 1970s heyday , called Jackie Magazine : A Girl 's Best Friend , with contributions from former readers , writers , staff and publishers . The magazine also inspired a musical .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "895edc76db691eca935e0597be68d93d", "text": "Expecting Models Expecting Models is the first agency of its kind that specializes in providing professional pregnant models and actresses for the fashion and commercial world . Founded in New York City in 2001 by Elliott-Ramirez , a former fashion model herself , Expecting Models represents real moms , their babies and real families . The agency gives models and actresses the opportunity to keep working , but in a different segment of the industry -- enabling talent to work from pregnancy thru post-delivery . Expecting Models , Inc. is a licensed , bonded and SAG franchised agency and has quarters in New York City and Los Angeles . Their fashion clients include Motherswork , Gap , Target , Cadeau , Liz Lange , Nordstrom and Destination Maternity . Additionally , Expecting Models provides with models for print magazines like Fit Pregnancy , Pregnancy & New Born and 9 Plus Bebe Mama Magazine . Expecting Models is also featured in the show `` Runway Moms '' , broadcast on the Discovery Health Channel . In the show , Liza Elliott-Ramirez becomes a maternity expert for her models .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "04b138db704e979e20502f8ba2ea9289", "text": "Top Model Top Model or Next Top Model is a fashion-themed reality television show format produced in many countries throughout the world and seen in over 120 countries producing over 200 seasons ( referred to as `` cycles '' ) . The show takes the form of a modeling competition whose winners typically receive a contract with a major modeling agency and a cover shoot and fashion photo spread in a fashion magazine . The format was created by Tyra Banks for the original series , America 's Next Top Model which was first aired in 2003 , produced by Ken Mok 's 10 by 10 Entertainment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "35ff893268d4267df7fc4c4f84a64947", "text": "Lucie Robinson Lucie Robinson ( born 1978 ) is a portrait , art and fashion photographer . Robinson was born in Jablonec nad Nisou in the former Czechoslovakia into a family with roots in Austria and Imperial Russia . She studied joaillerie in her hometown and design at the Academy of Arts , Architecture and Design ( VSUP ) in Prague . In 1996 she launched a career as a commercial model , moving to Paris in 1998 . She had received formal education covering artistic techniques , but concentrated on the medium of photography and by the early 2000s established herself as a portrait and fashion photographer . She photographed many celebrities and top models including a 2009 publicity campaign for Louis Vuitton featuring Paulina Porizkova , Miloš Forman and Helena Houdová . Her portraits and fashion editorials have been published by Elle , Harper 's Bazaar , Marie Claire , Vision ( China ) , Wig ( UK ) and further fashion and lifestyle magazines in Europe and in Asia . However , Robinson 's uncredited work appeared also in commercial advertisement campaigns for industrial clients like Cadbury , Orange Mobile , T-Mobile and Procter & Gamble . Her work has won various prizes , including the 2006 Cannes Fashion Photography Festival and three consecutive wins ( 2007 -- 2009 ) of the Schwarzkopf Press Awards . In 2008 , a solo exhibition of her work on fashion and architecture was staged in the New York Museum of Arts and Design .", "title": "" } ]	fever
ca1859894e3b821ef2d7313971ed717c	The birth name of Jeff Bezos is Jeffrey Preston Jorgensen.	[ { "docid": "da1c64580e0fdd4ace78a774429c307a", "text": "Jeff Bezos Jeff Bezos ( -LSB- ˈbeɪzoʊs -RSB- born Jeffrey Preston Jorgensen ; January 12 , 1964 ) is an American technology and retail entrepreneur , investor , and philanthropist who is best known as the founder , chairman , and chief executive officer of Amazon.com , which is the world 's largest online shopping retailer . The company began as an Internet merchant of books and expanded to a wide variety of products and services , most recently video streaming and audio streaming . Amazon.com is currently the world 's largest Internet sales company on the World Wide Web , as well as being the world 's largest provider of cloud infrastructure services , through its Amazon Web Services arm . Bezos 's other diversified business interests include aerospace and newspapers . He is the founder and manufacturer of Blue Origin ( founded in 2000 ) with test flights to space which started in 2015 , and plans for commercial suborbital human spaceflight beginning in 2018 . In 2013 , Bezos purchased The Washington Post newspaper . A number of other business investments are managed through Bezos Expeditions . With an estimated net worth of US$ 82 billion as of May 2017 , Bezos is currently the third-richest person in the world , just behind Bill Gates and Amancio Ortega in first and second places , and just ahead of Warren Buffett in fourth place . His rise to this position occurred after Amazon registered a 67 % jump in share price .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "f91850fa155638bdeecf17beedcb701c", "text": "Hester C. Jeffrey Hester C. Whitehurst Jeffrey ( c. 1842 - January 2 , 1934 , also known as Jeffreys or Jeffries ) was an African American activist , suffragist , and community organizer in New York City .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1df1fd7999109a869dd5b63f1af7c4c8", "text": "Jay Jordan Robert L. `` Jay '' Jordan ( born 1943 ) is an American business executive who most recently served as president and executive officer of OCLC , an international computer library network and conglomerate of databases and webservices representing more than 70,000 libraries . He served as president of OCLC from 1998 to his retirement in June 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "110ae1cb05d563ba1a6289b3dd52ce81", "text": "Jeff Hatch-Miller Jeff Hatch-Miller served as the Executive Director of the Arizona State Lottery from 2009 to 2015 , the longest term of service of any chief executive officer to date . Under his leadership , Arizona Lottery ticket sales increased by nearly $ 260 million , over 50 % , and the Arizona Lottery ranked in the top 10 nationally for percentage increases in sales each year . Hatch-Miller served on the Arizona Corporation Commission from 2003 until 2009 , and as Chairman during 2005 and 2006 . His leadership as Chairman was a key reason the Arizona Corporation Commission was considered one of the most competent and effective commissions in state history . As a member of the Arizona Corporation Commission , Jeff Hatch-Miller , worked to decrease investment fraud and to increase public awareness of `` investment scams . '' In the Commission 's role as regulator of public utilities ( electricity , water , natural gas , telecommunications ) he led the fight for reliable service , affordable rates , and protection of personal information held by the utility . Before his election to the Corporation Commission in 2002 , Hatch-Miller served in the Arizona House of Representatives for two terms ( 1999 -- 2003 ) , chairing the House Energy , Utilities and Technology Committee . Hatch-Miller was known from his straightforward , inclusionary style of addressing public policy issues . He was honored as national `` Freshman Legislator of the Year 2000 '' by the National Republican Legislators Association . Technologically knowledgeable , Jeff Hatch-Miller led the way to putting Arizona government on the Internet . As a Legislator Hatch-Miller also worked to lower gasoline prices , bringing in petroleum company leaders , energy experts , and gasoline deals to find ways to decrease gasoline prices . He championed efforts in Arizona , and in Washington D.C. , that eventually led to the adoption of the `` Do Not Call List '' , one of the most popular programs offered by government , an important step toward stopping the majority of unwanted telemarketing calls . He lives with his wife , Anita Hatch-Miller , in Scottsdale , Arizona . His son , Mark Hatch-Miller is an attorney in private practice in New York , and his son Robert Hatch-Miller lives and works in New York City as a documentary filmmaker .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "87d5ab2faadecaad3b3cee1fbcde7e9e", "text": "The New Ledger The New Ledger commonly referred to as `` Pete '' , is an American web publication which pairs aggregated and ranked news stories with right of center opinion articles by free-market minded moderates , libertarians and conservatives . The site 's slogan is `` Welcome to the Know . '' Launched in February 2009 , the New Ledger 's contributors and editors include Pejman Yousefzadeh , Francis Cianfrocca , Christopher Badeaux , Brad Jackson , Benjamin Kerstein , Ted Bromund , Sean Noble , and Amanda Carpenter , some of whom have individual blogs hosted on the site . It is edited by Ben Domenech , who co-founded the conservative activism site Redstate . TNL , as site commenters call it , is not a political activism site , and occasionally publishes articles by conservative Democrats . According to its mission statement : `` Our goal is to sift through the noise to bring your attention to the news you need and want , in order to better understand the times we live in . '' The Transom section aggregates newswire content , while the `` sorted and ranked for you '' Daily Reads on the site , usually news and blog stories on business and politics , are assigned one to five stars on readability . Articles are typically strongly opposed to President Barack Obama 's domestic and economic policies , particularly criticizing the government takeovers of Chrysler and GM . However , TNL has also published articles supporting Obama 's policies on detainees and the environment , as well as the Supreme Court nomination of Judge Sonia Sotomayor . The New Ledger is frequently featured by the RealClearPolitics network of sites and by the website of CBS News , both of which have republished several of their stories . They are linked regularly by US News and World Report , National Public Radio , National Journal , The Hill , Instapundit , The Root , and throughout the conservative blogosphere . In July 2009 , TNL launched a daily podcast called Coffee & Markets , a roughly 15 minute morning podcast Francis Cianfrocca 's thoughts on Wall Street , economic policy , and other political subjects . The podcast was cross promoted at The Washington Times for some time , and after gaining some popularity , became sponsored by Andrew Breitbart 's BigGovernment blog .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a168371622a730c3d986670e9c08faf9", "text": "John Doerr L. John Doerr ( born June 29 , 1951 ) is an American venture capitalist at Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers in Menlo Park , California , in Silicon Valley . In February 2009 , Doerr was appointed a member of the President 's Economic Recovery Advisory Board to provide the President and his administration with advice and counsel in trying to fix America 's economic downturn . , Forbes ranked Doerr as the 135th richest person in the world , with a net worth of US $ 4.1 billion .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ba28ae764be4a0dfdcdecfee2528b6f6", "text": "Jay Whitehead Jay Whitehead ( born April 8 , 1959 ) is an American author and publisher most notable for publishing Corporate Responsibility Officer ( CRO ) magazine .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "76582fb4247367e493e6dd1f5cada4b1", "text": "Jeffrey Max Jones Jeffrey Max Jones ( April 25 , 1958 , Nuevo Casas Grandes , Chihuahua ) is a Mexican politician . He graduated from Brigham Young University in International Relations in 1982 . He is a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ( Mormon ) and the National Action Party ( PAN ) of Mexico since 1995 . He served in the Chamber of Deputies from 1997 to 2000 , representing Chihuahua 's First District . He was then elected as a member of the national Senado de la Republica Senate in the year 2000 , representing the State of Chihuahua . He served as president of the Border Affairs committee and member of the Agriculture and Agrarian Reform committees . His six-year term expired in 2006 since there is no immediate re-election for senators in Mexico . Jones served from 2006 to 2009 as Undersecretary of Agribusiness Development with the SAGARPA ( Secretaría de Agricultura , Ganaderia , Desarollo Rural , Pesca y Alimentación ) and focused on three areas : prospective planning , market development , and finance . Jones was born and grew up in Colonia Dublán , Nuevo Casas Grandes , in northwestern Chihuahua , Mexico , and currently lives , by coincidence , in the birth home of George W. Romney , former Governor of Michigan . Jones is bilingual , fluent in English and Spanish . He is the great-great-great grandson of Daniel Webster Jones , an influential early settler in Utah and the Arizona Territory .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c11fc349d7e845eef98b7b441301f5a3", "text": "Jeff Ballabon Jeff ( Jeffrey ) Ballabon is an American media executive , lobbyist , political advisor and consultant .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "16409bd17a86371ccbed2a5e1e1b8073", "text": "Jacob Ostreicher Jacob Ostreicher ( born February 7 , 1959 ) is an American businessman and investor . In June 2011 , he was arrested in Santa Cruz , Bolivia while overseeing a rice growing agricultural venture that he had invested in , and was jailed for 18 months on suspicion of money laundering , though he was never formally charged . Ostreicher maintained his innocence and stated that the allegations by the Bolivian government were `` the scam of the century '' . His family and friends initiated a public effort to plea for his release , and actor-activist Sean Penn visited Ostreicher in Bolivia and pledged to work for his release . On December 18 , 2012 , Ostreicher was released from prison on $ 14,000 bail and placed under house arrest . Bolivian officials were later arrested for what authorities state was an extortion ring . On December 16 , 2013 , Ostreicher arrived in the United States after 30 months in Bolivia . It was unclear how he managed to flee the country .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "416267fa2229f5ca1bc280f471e2bbbb", "text": "The Family: The Secret Fundamentalism at the Heart of American Power The Family : The Secret Fundamentalism at the Heart of American Power is a 2008 book by American journalist Jeff Sharlet . The book investigates the political power of The Family or The Fellowship , a secretive fundamentalist Christian association led by Douglas Coe . Sharlet has stated that the organization fetishizes power by comparing Jesus to `` Lenin , Ho Chi Minh , Bin Laden '' as examples of leaders who change the world through the strength of the covenants they had forged with their `` brothers '' . It was published by HarperCollins . One year after the book 's initial publication , the sex scandals of prominent members of the Family , Nevada Sen. John Ensign and South Carolina Gov. Mark Sanford , as well as accusations that the Family was illegally subsidizing the rent of members of Congress and involved in the proposed bill which would impose the death penalty for homosexuality in Uganda , thrust the notoriously secretive organisation into the national spotlight .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f2427cee40d90b4ee006ec6dc63a6a23", "text": "Jordan Ritter Jordan Ritter ( born February 1 , 1978 ) is an American serial entrepreneur , software architect and angel investor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7a7d224b2582daaaf4ea2b98896b4212", "text": "James Bessen James Bessen ( born 1950 ) is an economist who has been a Lecturer at Boston University School of Law since 2004 , and was previously a software developer and CEO of a software company . Bessen was also a Fellow at the Berkman Center for Internet and Society . Bessen researches the economics of innovation , including patents and economic history . He has written about software patents with Eric Maskin , arguing that they might inhibit innovation rather than stimulate progress . With Michael J. Meurer , he wrote Patent Failure : How Judges , Bureaucrats , and Lawyers Put Innovators at Risk as well as papers on patent trolls . His book Learning by Doing : The Real Connection Between Innovation , Wages , and Wealth argues that major new technologies require new skills and knowledge that are slow and difficult to develop , affecting jobs and wages . Bessen developed the first WYSIWYG desktop publishing program at a community newspaper in Philadelphia in 1983 . He established and ran a company , Bestinfo , to sell that program commercially . In 1993 , Bestinfo was sold to Intergraph .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "10016d12a2f59eab40eaee493ca19dd7", "text": "John Bello John Joseph Bello ( born March 30 , 1946 in New Britain , CT ) is an American entrepreneur best known for creating and building the SoBe brand of New Age beverages .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1dbd6076be3b1fcf11a8974ad37ad42d", "text": "Jeff Cloud (politician) Jeff Cloud is an American Republican politician from the U.S. state of Oklahoma . Jeff Cloud was elected statewide to a six-year term on the Oklahoma Corporation Commission on November 5 , 2002 , and assumed the chairmanship of the Commission in June 2005 . He was re-elected to another six-year term on November 4 , 2008 . However , Cloud resigned from the Commission in October 2011 . Cloud is a member of the Electricity Committee for the National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners ( NARUC ) and Federal Energy Regulatory Commission ( FERC ) , Joint Boards on Security Constrained Economic Dispatch , sits on the Advisory Boards for the Center for Public Utilities at New Mexico State University and Oklahoma Water Resources Institute-Water Research . Cloud is also a member of the Legal and Regulatory Committee of the Interstate Oil and Gas Compact Commission ( IOGCC ) and serves on Oklahoma Employees Retirement System Board of Trustees . The Aspen Institute recently honored Cloud as one of the top young elected officials by naming him as a fellow for the Aspen Institute-Rodel Fellowship which brings together `` the nation 's emerging leaders '' to discuss broad issues of democratic governance and effective public service . Born in Tulsa and raised in Oklahoma City , Cloud earned a degree in Petroleum Land Management from the University of Oklahoma and a juris doctor from the Oklahoma City University School of Law . Cloud is married with three children to his wife , Trish .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b8c5d845e35c79356f3ccefc79f53e52", "text": "Nobuzo Tohmatsu was an admiral in the Imperial Japanese Navy in World War II who went on to become an accountant and a namesake of the global auditing firm Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu , today the world 's largest professional services company .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c4e02d7ec4b0eb6028bdb182b9a3dfb", "text": "Riley P. Bechtel Riley Peart Bechtel ( CBE ) ( born March 25 , 1952 ) is an American heir and businessman . He serves as the Chairman of the Bechtel Corporation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bcac219d249d8c935b6b325112265adf", "text": "Joe Bevilacqua Joe Bevilacqua ( born January 2 , 1959 ) is an American actor , voice actor , producer , director , author , dramatist , humorist , cartoonist , and documentarian .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8230b809d32f9e51760a649ad9cf6c89", "text": "David Filo David Filo ( born April 20 , 1966 ) is an American businessman and the co-founder of Yahoo! with Jerry Yang . His Filo Server Program , written in the C programming language , was the server-side software used to dynamically serve variable web pages , called Filo Server Pages , on visits to early versions of the Yahoo! website .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7d66c3ad927e3cace87a2ca4aa8a4750", "text": "Jeff Shockey Jeffrey Shockey is an American lobbyist and former congressional staffer . He worked for Republican Representative Jerry Lewis until 1999 . In 2011 , he founded the lobbying firm of Shockey Scofield Solutions with John Scofield . In 2014 , Shockey was appointed as staff director of the House Intelligence Committee under incoming Chairman Devin Nunes . In 2016 , Shockey became vice president of federal legislative affairs for Boeing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93d2b8473c79b494c4d70fd8f8b2b68e", "text": "Jeff Berlin Jeffrey Arthur Berlin ( born January 17 , 1953 ) is an American jazz fusion bassist .", "title": "" } ]	fever
5b28f2e1f5a9289ecb3840e8c9be8e06	Frenemies is based on a film by Alexa Young.	[ { "docid": "e03e18b9dc3d2298a442b7085231ca08", "text": "Frenemies (film) Frenemies is a 2012 teen comedy-drama television film and anthology based on the novel of the same name by Alexa Young which premiered on Disney Channel . It features an ensemble cast starring Bella Thorne , Zendaya , Stefanie Scott , Nick Robinson , Mary Mouser and features Connor Price , Jascha Washington and Dylan Everett . The film follows three pairs of teenage friends that go from friends to enemies and back again . The film was directed by Daisy Mayer and written by Dava Savel , Wendy Weiner , and Jim Krieg . The Disney Channel Original Movie premiered on January 13 , 2012 in the United States and Canada .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "46712121119902b6998343f3d4a887e1", "text": "Anna Friel Anna Louise Friel ( born 12 July 1976 ) is an English actress . Born in Rochdale , Greater Manchester , England , she has been acting since the age of 13 , appearing in a number of British television programmes . She played Beth Jordache in the Channel 4 soap Brookside , and portrayed the first lesbian kiss in a British soap opera in January 1994 . She made her West End theatre debut in London in 2001 and has subsequently appeared in several productions , including in an adaptation of Breakfast at Tiffany 's and as Yelena in a 2012 production of Chekhov 's Uncle Vanya . Friel made her film debut in 1998 in David Leland 's Land Girls and has since made a number of films such as A Midsummer Night 's Dream ( 1999 ) , Timeline ( 2003 ) , Land of the Lost ( 2009 ) and Limitless ( 2011 ) . Outside of film , she played the role of Charlotte `` Chuck '' Charles in the ABC comedy series Pushing Daisies , for which she was nominated for a Golden Globe Award in 2008 . She is the recipient of a number of awards , including National Television Award ( 1995 ) , Drama Desk Award ( 1999 ) , and the Royal Television Society Award ( 2009 ) . She has also appeared in music videos and television and print media advertising campaigns and is the recipient of an honorary degree from the University of Bolton .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fddff19ac1068b5226e0b5f2075a65cf", "text": "List of teen films Teen film is a film genre targeted at teenagers and young adults in which the plot is based upon the special interests of teenagers and young adults , such as coming of age , first love , rebellion , conflict with parents , teen angst , and alienation . Some of these films are targeted at adults as well as teenagers . Teen films have been a trope of the cinema industry for decades since the 1950s . At this time , the film industry saw a greater market for teens with more disposable income and therefore more money to spend on leisure activities , largely going to films . Because of the boom in teen viewers , drive-in movie theaters were also very popular . However , even the silent era had teen films . Recently , online streaming services such as Netflix have created a resurgence in the `` tween '' and teenage-oriented film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c69bd1b370f8b6f7b029701f3974464", "text": "Pet (film) Pet is an American/Spanish psychological thriller film written by Jeremy Slater , directed by Carles Torrens , and starring Dominic Monaghan , Ksenia Solo , Jennette McCurdy , and Nathan Parsons . The film premiered at South by Southwest on March 11 , 2016 and was released to theaters on December 2 , 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64ac3e6c36e40adb621cb905311ce915", "text": "Adulting #Adulting is an American comedy-drama web series created by and starring Ben Baur and Thandi Tolmay . It follows two friends , Max and Faye , who are nearing 30 and have yet to put their lives in order . After producing two episodes and launching them on YouTube , Baur and Tolmay funded the production of four more through a May 2016 Kickstarter crowdfunding campaign that raised nearly US $ 19K .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "537810df2ddbb51253f70398e37c9136", "text": "Angélique (film) Angélique is a 2013 French costume drama and adventure film loosely based on the novel Angélique , the Marquise of the Angels by Anne Golon .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18351ecefe13bdd11c97388a87600f40", "text": "Adam Elliot Adam Elliot ( born 2 January 1972 in Berwick , Victoria , Australia ) is an independent Australian stop-motion animation writer , director and producer based in Melbourne , Australia . His five films have collectively participated in over seven hundred film festivals and have received over one hundred awards , including an Academy Award for Harvie Krumpet and five Annecy Cristals . Elliot calls himself an auteur filmmaker and each of his films have a bittersweet nature to them . He does not engage with commercial work and works exclusively on his own film projects . Based loosely on his family and friends , Elliot calls each of his works a Clayography -- clay animated biography . Each film takes up to five years to complete . He is noted for his use of traditional ` in-camera ' techniques , which means every prop set and character is a ` real ' miniature handcrafted object . Elliot does not use digital additions or computer generated imagery to enhance his visual aesthetic . His company , Adam Elliot Clayographies , produce the films and Elliot 's work practices adhere to the French auteur methodology . Each film has been voiced by notable actors including , Philip Seymour Hoffman , Toni Collette , Geoffrey Rush , Eric Bana , William McInnes , Barry Humphries and John Flaus . Elliot is also a voting member of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences and in 1999 was awarded The Young Achiever of the Year for Victoria .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e946a568b30ff0ba85f52fad338f29ea", "text": "Jennifer Young Jennifer Young ( born August 21 , 1969 ) is an American film producer and photographer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "58bcb20617bd9f741fdb08fc7407449b", "text": "Hounds of Love (film) Hounds of Love ( also known as Love Hunters in some markets ) is a 2016 Australian crime-thriller film written and directed by Ben Young , as his feature film debut . It was entered in the Venice Days competition at the 73rd edition of the Venice Film Festival , in which Ashleigh Cummings was awarded Fedeora Award for best actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7475f1c1c3e14ca163f5e98378ca4a17", "text": "The Haters (2015 film) The Haters is an upcoming Armenian teen comedy-drama film directed by Annie Amirjanian and produced by Buddy Pictures . It will star Elmira Harutyunyan , Mary Stepanyan and Marianna Mkhchyan . The film is written by Annie Amirjanian and Elmira Harutyunyan . It is set to be released on August 1 , 2015 by Buddy Pictures . Annie Amirjanian and Elmira Harutyunyan are the co-authors of the project .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5f1a521180d6009ede942d364b9c8baa", "text": "Wannabe (film) Wannabe is a 2005 comedy film starring Craig Robert Young , Adam Huss , Anna Becker and Elizabeth Warner . It was written and produced by Young and Richard Keith and directed by Keith .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5000e8b46f349091518571db5fc6704", "text": "Courtney Love Courtney Michelle Love ( born Courtney Michelle Harrison ; born July 9 , 1964 ) is an American singer , actress , writer , and visual artist . Prolific in the punk and grunge scenes of the 1990s , Love has enjoyed a career that spans four decades . She rose to prominence as the frontwoman of the alternative rock band Hole , which she formed in 1989 . Love has drawn public attention for her uninhibited live performances and confrontational lyrics , as well as her highly publicized personal life following her marriage to Kurt Cobain . The daughter of Hank Harrison and psychotherapist Linda Carroll , Love had an itinerant early life . She spent her formative years in San Francisco and Portland , Oregon , where she was in a series of short-lived bands before being cast in two films by British director Alex Cox . After forming Hole in 1989 , she received substantial attention from underground rock press for the group 's debut album , produced by Kim Gordon . Hole 's second release , Live Through This ( 1994 ) , gave her high-profile renown with critical accolades and multi-platinum sales . In 1995 , Love returned to acting , earning a Golden Globe Award nomination for her performance as Althea Leasure in Miloš Forman 's The People vs. Larry Flynt ( 1996 ) , which established her as a mainstream actress . The following year , she saw further mainstream success with the release of Hole 's third album , Celebrity Skin ( 1998 ) , which was nominated for multiple Grammy Awards . Love continued to work as an actress into the early 2000s , appearing in big-budget pictures such as Man on the Moon ( 1999 ) and Trapped ( 2002 ) , before releasing her first solo album , America 's Sweetheart , in 2004 . The next few years were marked by publicity surrounding Love 's legal troubles and drug addiction , which resulted in a mandatory lockdown rehabilitation sentence in 2005 while she was in the process of writing a second planned solo album . That project became Nobody 's Daughter , which was released in 2010 as a Hole album but without any other members of the original lineup . Between 2014 and 2015 , she released two solo singles and returned to acting in the network series Sons of Anarchy and Empire . Love has also had endeavors in writing , co-creating and co-authoring three volumes of a manga , Princess Ai , between 2004 and 2006 , as well as a memoir , Dirty Blonde : The Diaries of Courtney Love ( 2006 ) . In 2012 , she premiered an exhibit of mixed media visual art titled And She 's Not Even Pretty .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "12ed01cfca43018e6838521bf96aff3f", "text": "Mr. Saturday Night Mr. Saturday Night is a 1992 American comedy-drama film that marks the directorial debut of its star , Billy Crystal . It focuses on the rise and fall of Buddy Young Jr. , a stand-up comedian . Crystal produced and co-wrote the screenplay with the writing duo Babaloo Mandel and Lowell Ganz . It was filmed from November 1991 to March 1992 and released on September 23 , 1992 , by Columbia Pictures . Co-star David Paymer received an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor . The opening title sequence was designed by Elaine and Saul Bass . The film is based on the Saturday Night Live Weekend Update sketch in which Billy Crystal plays Buddy Young Jr. reviewing a restaurant he went to .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "53adfd845d2f64728dbb43af67e827db", "text": "Ali's Wedding Ali 's Wedding is an upcoming 2017 Australian romantic comedy feature film from Matchbox Pictures . It is directed by Jeffrey Walker and written by Osamah Sami and Andrew Knight .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2395923740dcc1ab2e1e610d7926da38", "text": "Youth in Oregon Youth in Oregon is a 2016 American comedy-drama film directed by Joel David Moore . The film stars Frank Langella , Billy Crudup , Christina Applegate , Nicola Peltz , Mary Kay Place , and Josh Lucas . The film had its world premiere at the Tribeca Film Festival on April 16 , 2016 . The film was released in theaters on February 3 , 2017 , by Orion Pictures and Samuel Goldwyn Films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2520f55b63dc5a64274ca976c7325c1d", "text": "Good Morning Baby Good Morning Baby is a short film starring Piper Perabo and is based on a non-fiction piece by Courtney Lochner .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3631d09271008796d65f4024c57331d5", "text": "About Adam About Adam is a 2000 romantic comedy film written and directed by Gerard Stembridge . The screenplay focuses on the effect a seductive young man has on four siblings .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "576767220a7a7999fa05b01cd54cab43", "text": "Aloha (film) Aloha is a 2015 American romantic comedy-drama film written , produced and directed by Cameron Crowe . The film , starring Bradley Cooper , Emma Stone , Rachel McAdams , Bill Murray , John Krasinski , Danny McBride , and Alec Baldwin , was released on May 29 , 2015 . The film received negative reviews from critics , and has grossed only $ 26 million against a budget of $ 37 million , making the film a box office bomb .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "95b1a6e0d7d4bae562f6325d504add3f", "text": "The Fanatics (film) The Fanatics ( also known as Fumbleheads ) is a comedy movie , released in 1999 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "125ebf827c27687caea65815ca9d7f93", "text": "Malcolm (film) Malcolm is a 1986 Australian cult film comedy , written by the husband-and-wife team of David Parker and Nadia Tass , and directed by Nadia Tass ( who made her debut as a feature director on this film ) . The film stars Colin Friels as Malcolm , a tram enthusiast who becomes involved with a pair of would-be bank robbers . His co-stars are Lindy Davies and John Hargreaves . The film won the 1986 Australian Film Institute Award for Best Film , and seven other AFI awards including Best Script and Best Director .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b2b00315ad6486f7668e49888e0b1a39", "text": "There's Something About Mary There 's Something About Mary is a 1998 American romantic comedy film directed by Bobby and Peter Farrelly . It stars Cameron Diaz as the title character with Ben Stiller , Chris Elliott , and Matt Dillon all playing men who are in love with her and vying for her affections . The film was placed 27th in the American Film Institute 's 100 Years , 100 Laughs : America 's Funniest Movies , a list of the 100 funniest movies of the 20th century . In 2000 , readers of Total Film magazine voted it the fourth-greatest comedy film of all time . Diaz won a New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress , an MTV Movie Award for Best Performance , an American Comedy Award for Best Actress , a Blockbuster Entertainment Award for Best Actress . She also received a Golden Globe nomination for her performance . It was also nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture - Musical or Comedy . It won 4 out of 8 MTV Movie Awards , including Best Movie .", "title": "" } ]	fever

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