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6901305	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treasure%20hunt	Treasure hunt	Treasure hunt generally refers to: Treasure hunting, the physical search for treasure, typically by finding sunken shipwrecks or buried ancient cultural sites Treasure hunt (game), a game simulating a hunt for treasure Treasure Hunt may refer to: BBC Archive Treasure Hunt, the public campaign to recover lost television productions Treasure Hunt (British game show), a British television game show Treasure Hunt (American game show), an American game show Treasure Hunt Series, a line of Hot Wheels toy cars Treasure Hunt (module), an accessory for the Dungeons & Dragons role-playing game Treasure Hunt (1952 film), a 1952 British comedy film directed by John Paddy Carstairs Treasure Hunt (1994 film), a Hong Kong action comedy-drama film starring Chow Yun-fat Treasure Hunt (2003 film), a 2003 American film directed by Jim Wynorski Treasure Hunt (2011 film), a Hong Kong comedy film directed by Wong Jing See also Treasure hunters (disambiguation)
17331894	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey%20national%20under-17%20football%20team	Turkey national under-17 football team	The Turkey national under-17 football team is the national under-17 football team of Turkey and is controlled by the Turkish Football Federation. The team competes in the UEFA European Under-17 Football Championship, held every year. The original tournament was called the UEFA European Under-16 Football Championship (1982-2001). The tournament was renamed as the European Under-17 Football Championship in 2002, but importantly the overall statistics are collated from 1982. In addition, every odd year the top teams from the respective UEFA European Under-17 Football Championship compete in the FIFA U-17 World Cup the same year (since 2017, five teams from the respective UEFA European Under-17 Football Championship have been entered). Competitive record UEFA U-17 European Championship Record* The tournament was renamed as the European Under-17 Football Championship in 2002 (The original tournament was called the UEFA European Under-16 Football Championship (1982-2001)). Importantly the overall statistics are collated from 1982. Draws include knockout matches decided by penalty shoot-out. **Gold background colour indicates that the tournament was won. Red border colour indicates tournament was held on home soil. Q - Denotes qualified for the FIFA U-17 World Cup which is held every odd year. FIFA U-17 World Cup Record Notes: The first three tournaments (1985-1989) were referred to as the FIFA U-16 World Championships. Draws include knockout matches decided by penalty shoot-out. Individual awards In addition to team victories, Turkish players have won individual awards at UEFA European Under-17 Football Championship. Recent results Current squad The following players were selected for the 2022 UEFA European Under-17 Championship matches against Spain, Serbia and Belgium between 17 and 23 May 2022. Past squads UEFA European Under-17 Football Championship squads 2004 UEFA European Under-17 Championship squads 2005 UEFA European Under-17 Championship squads 2008 UEFA European Under-17 Championship squads 2009 UEFA European Under-17 Championship squads 2010 UEFA European Under-17 Championship squads 2014 UEFA European Under-17 Championship squads FIFA U-17 World Cup squads 2005 FIFA U-17 World Cup squad 2009 FIFA U-17 World Cup squad 2017 FIFA U-17 World Cup squad See also Turkey national football team Turkey national under-21 football team Turkey national under-20 football team Turkey national under-19 football team Turkey national under-17 football team Turkey national youth football team References under European national under-17 association football teams
6901310	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Shadow%20Line%20%28album%29	The Shadow Line (album)	The Shadow Line is the sixth studio album by the industrial rock band Godhead, released on August 29, 2006. Background In 2005, frontman Jason C. Miller invited James O'Connor to return as the band's drummer, which he accepted. Following the completion of The Shadow Line, however, O'Connor left the group for a second time. "Trapped In Your Lies" was the album's lead single. It was followed by "Push" and "Hey You". Track listing "Trapped in Your Lies" - 3:30 "Hey You" - 4:12 "The Gift" - 4:33 "Fall Down" - 4:24 "Push" - 3:37 "Another Day" - 4:50 "Once Before" - 3:49 "Unrequitted" - 3:53 "Through the Cracks" - 4:20 "Goodbye" - 3:38 "Your End Of Days" - 4:26 "Inside Your World" - 3:49 References 2006 albums Godhead (band) albums
17331964	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lajos%20Kozma	Lajos Kozma	Lajos Kozma (1938–2007) was a Hungarian operatic tenor, particularly associated with lyric Italian roles, baroque operas and oratorios. Born on 2 September 1938 in Lepsény, Hungary, he studied at the Franz Liszt Academy in Budapest, and made his debut at the Budapest Opera in 1961 (as Malcolm), where he won considerable acclaim as Pelléas in Debussy's Pelléas et Mélisande. In 1963, he went to Italy to further his studies at the Accademia di Santa Cecilia in Rome, with Giorgio Favaretto and Franco Capuana. Beginning in 1964, he sang widely in Italy, appearing in Bologna, Venice, Florence, Trieste, Palermo, at the Rome Opera, at La Scala in Milan, and the San Carlo in Naples. His career quickly became international with guest appearances at the Vienna State Opera, the Royal Opera House in London, La Monnaie in Brussels, Amsterdam, Copenhagen, and Philadelphia. He also appeared at the Salzburg Festival and Aix-en-Provence Festival, notably as Ferrando in Così fan tutte. Other notable roles included Monteverdi's L'Orfeo (recorded with Nikolaus Harnoncourt), Vivaldi's Orlando furioso, and Stravinsky's Oedipus Rex. In addition, he created Renzo Rossellini's La Reine morte, at the Monte Carlo Opera in 1973. In 1971, he appeared in a film version of Lucia di Lammermoor, opposite Anna Moffo, which has been released on DVD. He died on 30 December 2007 in Pierantonio (Umbertide), Italy. Sources Operissimo.com 1938 births 2007 deaths Hungarian operatic tenors Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia alumni 20th-century Hungarian male opera singers
17331978	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuart%20Wilson%20%28footballer%29	Stuart Wilson (footballer)	Stuart Wilson (born 16 September 1977) is an English former football midfielder and former coach of Long Eaton Ladies FC. External links Since 1888... The Searchable Premiership and Football League Player Database (subscription required) Sporting-heroes.net 1977 births Living people English footballers Association football midfielders Premier League players Leicester City F.C. players Sheffield United F.C. players Cambridge United F.C. players Cambridge City F.C. players Anstey Nomads F.C. players Shepshed Dynamo F.C. players Grantham Town F.C. players Nuneaton Borough F.C. players Coalville Town F.C. players Barrow Town F.C. players
17331985	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WMUP	WMUP	WMUP (99.9 FM) was a radio station formerly licensed to Carney, Michigan. The station was owned by Starboard Media Foundation, Inc. and was granted its license on April 15, 2008. The station's license was cancelled and its call sign deleted by the Federal Communications Commission on February 1, 2012. Sources Michiguide.com - WMUP History External links MUP Radio stations disestablished in 2012 Defunct radio stations in the United States Radio stations established in 2008 Defunct religious radio stations in the United States 2008 establishments in Michigan 2012 disestablishments in Michigan MUP
20468808	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008%20AFF%20Championship%20squads	2008 AFF Championship squads	This article lists the squads for 2008 AFF Championship. Players marked (c) were named as captain for their national squad. Group A Head Coach: Benny Dollo Head Coach: Radojko Avramovic Head Coach: Marcos Antonio Falopa Head Coach: Prak Sovannara Group B Head Coach: B. Sathianathan Head Coach : Peter Reid Head Coach: Henrique Calisto Head Coach: Saysana Savatdy References AFF Championship squads Squads
20468815	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%20George%20Wharf	St George Wharf	St George Wharf is a riverside development in Vauxhall, Lambeth, London, England, located on the southern bank of the River Thames beside Vauxhall Bridge. St George Wharf Pier is a calling point for London River Services riverboat RB2 and RB6 services. The mixed-use development is located between the Vauxhall Cross road junction and the river, and is near Vauxhall station. The River Effra, one of the Thames' many underground tributaries, empties into the river close by. This development should not be confused with the smaller St George's Wharf which is in Shad Thames, London SE1, close to Tower Bridge. Construction Construction of St George Wharf was carried out in phases by developers St George, part of Berkeley Group Holdings, with blocks opening between 2001 and 2010. St George Wharf Tower was the final block to be completed, opening in 2012. The development comprises over 1,400 apartments, as well as offices, retail units and restaurants. It was designed by the architecture practice Broadway Malyan. St George Wharf comprises the following blocks: Admiral House Anchor House Aquarius House Armada House Bridge House (18 St George Wharf, SW8 2LP/Q) Drake House Ensign House (12 St George Wharf, SW8 2LU) Flagstaff House Fountain House Galleon House Hamilton House Hanover House (7 St George Wharf, SW8 2JA) Hobart House Jellicoe House Kestrel House Kingfisher House Sentinel Point The Tower St George Wharf Tower is a residential skyscraper. It is tall with 49 storeys. It is cited as the tallest residential building in the United Kingdom, however there are 10 apartments within The Shard, which is taller. Two residential towers currently under construction in London, Newfoundland Quay and Landmark Pinnacle will be taller than the Tower when completed in 2020. Helicopter crash At 07:57 GMT on 16 January 2013, a helicopter collided with a crane being used in the construction of the St George Wharf Tower. The helicopter crashed in nearby Wandsworth Road, killing the pilot. One person on the ground also died, and a number of others were injured. Carbuncle Cup In October 2006, St George Wharf was nominated and made the Building Design shortlist for the inaugural Carbuncle Cup, which was ultimately awarded to Drake Circus Shopping Centre in Plymouth. References External links https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-21040410 Buildings and structures in the London Borough of Lambeth Redeveloped ports and waterfronts in London Buildings and structures under construction in the United Kingdom Vauxhall
44499720	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%20Balvin%20discography	J Balvin discography	Colombian singer J Balvin has released 5 studio albums, one collaborative album, three mixtapes, three EPs, sixty-nine singles, thirty featured singles, and ten promotional singles. He is one of the best-selling Latin artists, with over 45 million singles and over 4 million album sales (specially based on US sales) In 2009, Balvin released his single "Ella Me Cautivó", becoming his first song to chart in the United States, which serves as the first single from his debut album Real that was released in 2009 and received a Gold certification. In the beginning of 2012, he released a mixtape that includes some singles and new songs, only released in the US and Mexico. On April 24, 2012, Balvin released "Yo Te Lo Dije", the first single from his the -upcoming album, the song was number one in Colombia for eight non-consecutive weeks and became his first charting entry on the Top Latin Songs chart, peaking at number 13, and also became a hit in Romania. The second single, "Tranquila", was a top ten hit in four countries and peaked at the top of the charts in Greece. This resulted in the release of a remix featuring Greek-Albanian singer Eleni Foureira. In 2013, he released the third single "Sola" that was number one in Colombia and charted in Bulgaria. On October 15, 2013, he released "6 AM", which features Farruko, ane was later sent to Latin radio and received heavy rotation, becoming his first number one on the Latin Rhythm Songs chart, and peaked at number three at Billboard Latin Songs chart. The song was certified Gold in Mexico and Spain. That October 2013, Balvin released his first studio album La Familia, which peaked at number ten on the Latin Albums chart, topped the Latin Rhythm Albums chart and received seven Platinum and two Gold certifications. In 2014, he released the fifth single "La Venganza". An expanded version of La Familia, subtitled B Sides, was released on September 16, 2014, that spawned the hit single "Ay Vamos", that eventually topped the charts in Colombia, Dominican Republic and the Latin Rhythm Songs chart. Albums Studio albums Reissued albums Mixtapes Extended plays Singles As lead artist As featured artist Promotional singles Notes Note 1: Uses combined chart entries for "Mi Gente" and "Mi Gente (Remix)" Other charted songs Guest appearances Videography Footnotes References Discographies of Colombian artists Balvin, J
44499750	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yevgeni%20Butakov	Yevgeni Butakov	Yevgeni Aleksandrovich Butakov (; born 24 July 1998) is a Russian professional football player. He plays for Murom. Club career He made his professional debut for FC Baltika Kaliningrad on 2 November 2014 in a Russian Football National League match against FC Sibir Novosibirsk. On 26 September 2020, he joined FC Belshina Bobruisk on loan. On 6 April 2021, he re-joined Belshina on a new loan until the end of 2021. References External links Profile by the FNL 1998 births Living people People from Usolye-Sibirskoye Sportspeople from Irkutsk Oblast Russian footballers Association football midfielders FC Baltika Kaliningrad players FC Sokol Saratov players FC Saturn Ramenskoye players FC Belshina Bobruisk players Russian First League players Russian Second League players Belarusian Premier League players Belarusian First League players Russian expatriate footballers Expatriate footballers in Belarus
17332008	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yushania%20alpina	Yushania alpina	Oldeania alpina, the African alpine bamboo, is a perennial bamboo of the family Poaceae and the genus Yushania It can be found growing in dense but not large stands on the mountains and volcanoes surrounding the East African Rift between the altitudes of 2,500 meters (8,200 feet) and 3,300 meters (11,000 feet). Description Stems and leaves 200 – 1,950 centimeters (6 – 64 feet) tall and 5 – 12.5 centimeters (2 – 5 inches) in diameter; these grass stems get used as fencing, plumbing and other building materials. Culm sheaths (tubular coverings) are hairless or with red bristles. Leaf sheath is covered with bristles. Leaf blades are "deciduous at the ligule"; blades 5 – 20 centimeters (2 – 8 inches) long. Flowers Branched cluster of flowers in solitary spikes, which can be dense or loose and are 5–15 centimeters (2–6 inches) long. Roots Short rhizomes described as pachymorph (a term which is recommended for describing rhizomes which are sympodial or superposed in such a way as to imitate a simple axis, but the word pachymorph would not be used for describing branches or in the case of bamboos, culms). Distribution Afrotropical realm: Northeast Tropical Africa: Ethiopia, Sudan East Tropical Africa: Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda West-Central Tropical Africa: Burundi, Cameroon, Congo, Rwanda, DR Congo South Tropical Africa: Malawi, Zambia References Afromontane flora Bambusoideae Flora of Northeast Tropical Africa Flora of East Tropical Africa Flora of West-Central Tropical Africa Flora of South Tropical Africa Plants described in 1974
44499758	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin%20Staples	Justin Staples	Justin Ikeem Staples (born December 10, 1989) is an American football linebacker who is currently a free agent. He played college football for the University of Illinois. He has been a member of the Cleveland Browns and Tennessee Titans. Early years Staples played high school football at St. Edward High School in Lakewood, Ohio. He was named to the Cleveland Plain Dealer All-State team as a linebacker his senior year, recording 92 tackles, seven sacks, one interception, 11 pass break-ups, six forced fumbles and two recovered fumbles. He was also picked for the Big 33 Football Classic, which at the time featured the best Pennsylvania and Ohio seniors. College career Staples played for the Illinois Fighting Illini from 2009 to 2012. He was redshirted in 2008. He played 48 games as a defensive end for the Illini, recording 62 career tackles, 2.5 sacks, three forced fumbles and one fumble recovery. He is also a member of the Omega Psi Phi fraternity Professional career Staples was rated the 79th best defensive end in the 2013 NFL Draft by NFLDraftScout.com. Cleveland Browns Staples signed with the Cleveland Browns in April 2013 after going undrafted in the 2013 NFL draft. He was released by the Browns on August 31 and signed to the team's practice squad on September 25, 2013. He signed a futures contract with the Browns on December 30, 2103. He was released by the Browns on September 9, 2014. Tennessee Titans Staples was signed to the Tennessee Titans' practice squad on September 16, 2014. He was promoted to the active roster on November 20 and made his NFL debut on November 23, 2014 against the Philadelphia Eagles, recording one tackle. He was released by the Titans on September 6, 2015 and signed to the team's practice squad on September 8, 2015. Staples was promoted to the active roster on October 17, 2015. On September 2, 2016, Staples was released by the Titans as part of final roster cuts and was signed to the practice squad the next day. He was promoted to the active roster on December 5, 2016. On September 2, 2017, Staples was released by the Titans. References External links College stats Living people 1989 births American football linebackers American football defensive ends African-American players of American football St. Edward High School (Lakewood, Ohio) alumni Illinois Fighting Illini football players Cleveland Browns players Tennessee Titans players Players of American football from Ohio Sportspeople from Lakewood, Ohio 21st-century African-American sportspeople 20th-century African-American people 20th-century African-American men 21st-century African-American men
17332013	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copenhagen%20Studies%20in%20Indo-European	Copenhagen Studies in Indo-European	Copenhagen Studies in Indo-European () is an academic book series on Indo-European studies and related subjects. The series was founded in 1999 and is published by Museum Tusculanum Press. Its chief editor was Jens Elmegård Rasmussen from its initiation until his death in 2013. The current chief editor is Birgit Anette Olsen. Volumes #9. Kin, Clan and Community in Prehistoric Europe, edited by Birgit Anette Olsen and Benedicte Whitehead Nielsen (2021). #8. Usque ad Radices. Indo-European Studies in Honour of Birgit Anette Olsen, edited by Bjarne Simmelkjær Sandgaard Hansen, Adam Hyllested, Anders Richardt Jørgensen, Guus Kroonen, Jenny Helena Larsson, Benedicte Nielsen Whitehead, Thomas Olander and Tobias Mosbæk Søborg (2017). #7. Language and Prehistory of the Indo-European Peoples. A Cross-Disciplinary Perspective, edited by Adam Hyllested, Benedicte Nielsen Whitehead, Thomas Olander and Birgit Anette Olsen (2017). #6. The Linguistic Roots of Europe, edited by Robert Mailhammer, Theo Vennemann and Birgit Anette Olsen (2015). #5. Indo-European accent and ablaut, edited by Thomas Olander, Paul Widmer and Götz Keydana (2013). #4. The Sound of Indo-European, edited by Benedicte Nielsen Whitehead, Thomas Olander, Birgit Anette Olsen and Jens Elmegård Rasmussen (2012). #3. Internal Reconstruction in Indo-European, edited by Thomas Olander and Jens Elmegård Rasmussen (2009). #2. Indo-European Word Formation, edited by Birgit Anette Olsen and James Clackson (2004). #1. Selected Papers on Indo-European Linguistics, by Jens Elmegård Rasmussen (1999). Vol. 1-2. External links Copenhagen Studies in Indo-European on the publisher's website. Indo-European studies
17332035	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karen%20Johnson%20%28violinist%29	Karen Johnson (violinist)	Karen Johnson is an American violinist. She began her studies at the age of 4. She has served as the concertmaster of the Juilliard Orchestra and of the Richmond Symphony Orchestra. She was also a guest concertmaster of the Phoenix Symphony, Seattle Symphony, and the Oregon Symphony in Portland. She has served as concertmaster of The "President's Own" Marine Band Chamber Orchestra. References American classical violinists Concertmasters Year of birth missing (living people) Living people Juilliard School alumni 21st-century classical violinists Women classical violinists 21st-century American musicians 21st-century American women musicians People from Gilbert, Arizona Classical musicians from Arizona United States Marine Band musicians
17332067	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parklawn	Parklawn	Parklawn may refer to: Parklawn, California an area of The Queensway – Humber Bay, Canada Parklawn Memorial Park, a cemetery in Rockville, Maryland, United States
20468817	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20Beadsworth	Arthur Beadsworth	Arthur Beadsworth (September 1876 – 9 October 1917) was an English professional football who played in the Football League for Burton United, Manchester United and Leicester Fosse as a forward. Personal life Beadsworth briefly served in the Leicestershire Regiment and the King's Royal Rifle Corps of the British Army in the early 1890s, before being discharged for being underage. He married in 1897, had four children and later worked as a shoe hand in Hinckley after his retirement from professional football in 1906. After the outbreak of the First World War in August 1914, Beadsworth re-enlisted in the Leicestershire Regiment. His battalion was deployed to the Western Front in July 1915 and by March 1916 he had risen to the rank of sergeant. Beadsworth was gassed during the Third Battle of Ypres, and he was transferred to Wimereux, France, where he died of his wounds on 9 October 1917. He was buried in Wimereux Communal Cemetery. Career statistics References External links MUFCInfo.com profile 1876 births Footballers from Leicester English footballers Association football inside forwards English Football League players British Army personnel of World War I 1917 deaths Royal Leicestershire Regiment soldiers King's Royal Rifle Corps soldiers Leicester City F.C. players Association football outside forwards Coventry City F.C. players Nuneaton Borough F.C. players Hinckley United F.C. players Manchester United F.C. players Swindon Town F.C. players Gillingham F.C. players Burton United F.C. players Southern Football League players British military personnel killed in World War I Military personnel from Leicester
17332148	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WUPG	WUPG	WUPG (formerly WUPZ) (96.7 FM) is a radio station licensed to Republic, Michigan. The station is currently owned by Armada Media Corporation, through licensee AMC Partners Escanaba, LLC, and was granted its license on April 17, 2008. The station signed on in July 2008 with a Variety Hits format. On March 4, 2014, changed formats to Classic Country branded as "Yooper Country 96.7". In 2017, the station changed their brand to "The Maverick", using the same brand as sister stations WTIQ and WGMV. Part if the UP's Radio Results Network. Sources Michiguide.com - WUPG History External links Maverick 96 Facebook UPG
20468820	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narcotango%20en%20vivo	Narcotango en vivo	Narcotango en vivo is a live album by Argentine Carlos Libedinsky. Track listing 2008 albums Carlos Libedinsky albums
44499774	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World%20record%20progression%20track%20cycling%20%E2%80%93%20Men%27s%20flying%20200%20m%20time%20trial	World record progression track cycling – Men's flying 200 m time trial	This is an overview of the progression of the World track cycling record of the men's flying 200 m time trial as recognised by the Union Cycliste Internationale. Progression Professionals (1955–1990) Amateurs (1954–1990) Open (from 1990) References Track cycling world record progressions
17332175	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collaborative%20Fusion	Collaborative Fusion	Collaborative Fusion, Inc. (CFI) was a Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania-based provider of ESAR-VHP and incident management software for coordination of emergency personnel. Its president and vice president were founders Atila Omer and Bryan Kaplan, respectively. CFI was acquired in 2011 by the Intermedix Corporation, a firm owned by private equity firm Thomas H. Lee Partners. Following the spin-off of Intermedix Corporation and Juvare, LLC in May, 2018, Collaborative Fusion, Inc. became a wholly owned subsidiary of Juvare, LLC, a firm owned by private equity firm Thomas H. Lee Partners. Collaborative Fusion History Collaborative Fusion, Inc. (CFI) was a Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania-based provider of ESAR-VHP and incident management software for coordination of emergency personnel. Its president and vice president were founders Atila Omer and Bryan Kaplan, respectively. CFI was acquired in 2011 by the Intermedix Corporation, a firm owned by private equity firm Thomas H. Lee Partners. Following the spin-off of Intermedix Corporation and Juvare, LLC in May, 2018, Collaborative Fusion, Inc. became a wholly owned subsidiary of Juvare, LLC, a firm owned by private equity firm Thomas H. Lee Partners. CFI was founded in 2001 by Bryan Kaplan and Atila Omer, both alumni of Carnegie Mellon University. Prior to attending Carnegie Mellon, Kaplan graduated from the Harvard-Westlake School in Los Angeles. Omer, a graduate of Detroit, Michigan's Wayne State University, previously worked at JPMorgan Chase before attending Carnegie Mellon's MBA program and subsequently co-founding Collaborative Fusion. At the beginning of 2008, CFI moved into its new corporate headquarters offices on 5849 Forbes Avenue in Squirrel Hill, Pennsylvania. Clients Past and present clients include local, state, and federal governmental government agencies within the United States. The Department of Health and Human Services awarded CFI contracts for disaster relief in the aftermath of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita in 2005. They also have developed and support technology programs for state governments, including the State of California's Medical Volunteer System. CFI also administers a number of federally mandated ESAR-VHP programs for state governments. Accolades CFI has been selected as one of the "50 Best Places to Work in Western Pennsylvania" in 2007, 2008, 2009, and 2010 by the Pittsburgh Business Times as well as #31 of the "Top 50 Best Places to Work in Western Pennsylvania with Under 50 Employees" by the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Juvare Acquisition On September 19, 2011, the Intermedix Corporation, a Florida-based healthcare technology provider, announced that it had acquired Collaborative Fusion. Following the spin-off of Intermedix Corporation and Juvare, LLC in May, 2018, Collaborative Fusion, Inc. became a wholly owned subsidiary of Juvare, LLC, a firm owned by private equity firm Thomas H. Lee Partners. Headquartered in Atlanta, GA, Juvare began operations in 2018. The company operates on a global scale working with emergency and incident response teams from federal, state and local agencies. In an emergency, Juvare solutions are used by emergency and incident management teams to coordinate and respond to all disasters from natural disasters to mad-made disasters, providing solutions to emergency management and incidents team members. Juvare’s platform solutions are used in multiple industries such as Aviation, Corporate Enterprise, Education, Emergency and Incident Management, Energy and Utilities, Federal Agencies, Government Defense, Healthcare, Public Health, State and Local Government Agencies, and Transportation. Juvare’s WebEOC platform is the most widely-used incident management solution in the industry. The system was used to help coordinate and prepare EMS in Atlanta, Georgia for Super Bowl LIII held on Feb. 3, 2019, when over 1 million visitors across the globe came to the city. Using Juvare’s solution, key personnel were able to plan for the event, monitor incidents and relay pertinent information to EMS (Emergency Medical Services), firefighters, hospital staff, state and local police, and federal government agencies regarding emergencies and crisis incidents, also helping to coordinate supplies and labor power to specific locations, and ambulances to local hospitals. Other Juvare solutions include CORES HAN, a high-volume mass alert platform; CORES RMS, which helps coordinate volunteer personnel; eICS Electronic Incident Command System; EMTrack, a patient and population tracking solution; EMResource, a management platform for healthcare and emergency resources; and Fleeteyes, which is used for tracking and accessing emergency management fleet vehicles. See also Juvare Emergency management References External links Company homepage Juvare Company homepage Companies established in 2001 Companies based in Pittsburgh
44499799	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J.%20F.%20C.%20Wright	J. F. C. Wright	James Frederick Church Wright (1904–1970) was a Canadian journalist and historian, who won the Governor General's Award for English-language non-fiction at the 1940 Governor General's Awards for Slava Bohu, a historical account of Canada's Doukhobor community. Born in Wiltshire, England in 1904 to Canadian parents who were travelling there, he was raised in Minnedosa, Manitoba. He held a variety of jobs before joining the Saskatoon Star-Phoenix as a journalist, remaining there for seven years. At the time of his Governor General's Award win, he was working in Ottawa, Ontario as a fireman, but later took a scriptwriting job with the National Film Board. He married Diana Kingsmill in 1944 while living in Ottawa, and the couple later moved back to Saskatoon. Active in the Saskatchewan chapter of the Cooperative Commonwealth Federation, the Wrights became co-editors of Union Farmer, the newspaper of the Saskatchewan Farmers' Union, in 1950. Wright's later books included All Clear, Canada! (1944), Co-operative Farming in Saskatchewan (1949), Saskatchewan's North (1953), Saskatchewan: The History of a Province (1955), Prairie Progress: Consumer Co-operation in Saskatchewan (1956) and The Louise Lucas Story: This Time Tomorrow (1965). He committed suicide in 1970. References 1904 births 1970 suicides Canadian newspaper reporters and correspondents Canadian newspaper editors Canadian male journalists Canadian male non-fiction writers Governor General's Award-winning non-fiction writers Suicides in Saskatchewan Writers from Manitoba Writers from Saskatoon 20th-century Canadian historians 20th-century Canadian male writers
17332196	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart%20of%20England	Heart of England	Heart of England may refer to: English Midlands Heart of England School Heart of England Co-operative Society Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust Heart of England Way Heart of England, a region in the Britain in Bloom horticultural competition
44499812	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jose%20P.%20Laurel%20Residence	Jose P. Laurel Residence	The Jose P. Laurel Residence or Villa Pacencia is a historic house located at 515 Shaw Boulevard in Mandaluyong, Metro Manila. The three-story house was built in 1957 and was one of the three houses owned by the President of the Second Republic of the Philippines, José P. Laurel. In 1965, two historical markers were installed at the house entrance. The first marker was placed by the National Historical Commission of the Philippines in recognition of the building as the official residence of Jose P. Laurel. The second marker notes of the First Indonesian President Sukarno's stay in the mansion during a Manila Conference on August 5, 1963. History Construction Years after serving his term as president of the second republic from 1943 to 1945, Jose P. Laurel built a three-story house near the Wack Wack Golf and Country Club that occupied 1,000 square meters of the land once overrun with cogon. The house was named Villa Pacencia in honor of his wife, Pacencia Hidalgo y Valencia. Site of Political Events The house was the venue of several political events. In 1957, Laurel hosted a luncheon at the mansion in honor of James Langley, a New Hampshire newspaper publisher. Laurel and Langley signed the Laurel-Langley Agreement in 1954, which amended the Bell Trade Act of 1946 and provided for an increase in the duties imposed on U.S. products and a decrease in the duties imposed on Philippine goods. On August 5, 1963, the first Indonesian President Sukarno stayed at the mansion during his working visit in the Philippines for the Manila Summit Conference on Maphilindo. A marker with Filipino and Bahasa Indonesia text was installed at the house entrance on March 9, 1965 documenting this historical event. The mansion became the de facto Nacionalist Party headquarters when José Laurel, Jr. acquired the property after his father's death on November 1959. Present The Laurel family sold the property to former Senator and Nacionalista Party President, Manny Villar, and to his wife, Senator Cynthia Villar. Vista Shaw of Vista Land and Lifescapes, Inc., a real estate company owned by Manny Villar, plans on converting the mansion into a museum, housing various memorabilia from José P. Laurel. See also Jose P. Laurel Ancestral House (Manila) References Houses in Metro Manila Cultural Properties of the Philippines in Metro Manila Buildings and structures in Mandaluyong José P. Laurel
44499839	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Do%20You%20Believe%20in%20Magic%3F%20%28book%29	Do You Believe in Magic? (book)	Do You Believe in Magic? The Sense and Nonsense of Alternative Medicine – called Killing Us Softly: The Sense and Nonsense of Alternative Medicine in the United Kingdom – is a 2013 book about alternative medicine by Paul Offit, an American expert of infectious diseases and vaccines. It was published in the United States by HarperCollins (255 pages) and in the UK by Fourth Estate (20 June 2013, 336 pages). Content The book criticizes alternative medical treatments as ineffective, particularly vitamins and dietary supplements. Among the supplements of which Offit is critical in the book is the use of Vitamin C to treat the common cold, which also leads him to criticize Linus Pauling for promoting vitamin C for this purpose. In the book, Offit also attributes much of alternative medicine's effectiveness to the placebo effect, which is the subject of one of the book's chapters. He also notes that alternative medical treatments can have serious side effects, such as paralysis resulting from chiropractic and viral infections caused by acupuncture. Among the individual doctors Offit criticizes in the book are Joseph Mercola and Rashid Buttar, as well as Andrew Weil and Deepak Chopra. Offit has said that he wrote the book as a result of an experience in which he had surgery on his left knee, and his doctor recommended that Offit take glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate. Offit then looked for scientific studies on the efficacy of these supplements and found some that indicated they were no more effective than placebo. Reception Do You Believe in Magic? was reviewed in the Boston Globe by Suzanne Koven and by Gail Ross in Publishers Weekly. Ross concluded that the book was "a bravely unsentimental and dutifully researched guide for consumers to distinguish between quacks and a cure." Another review appeared in The New Republic, where Jerome Groopman wrote that Offit "writes in a lucid and flowing style, and grounds a wealth of information within forceful and vivid narratives." Victoria Maizes, the director of the Arizona Center for Integrative Medicine, criticized the book's claim that St. John's wort is not an effective treatment for depression, citing a 2008 review that found that it was more effective than placebo. Offit responded in an interview with NPR that the point he was trying to make in the book was only that St. John's wort was not effective for severe depression, and that there have been "some studies of value" with respect to treating moderate depression. In 2013 Offit was presented with the Robert B. Balles Prize in Critical Thinking by the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry (CSICOP) for Do You Believe in Magic?. "Offit is a literal lifesaver... educates the public about the dangers of alternative medicine, may save many, many more." References 2013 non-fiction books Alternative medicine publications Books by Paul Offit HarperCollins books
17332264	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swanton%2C%20Maryland	Swanton, Maryland	Swanton is an unincorporated area and census-designated place (CDP) in Garrett County, Maryland, United States. Swanton is close to several recreation areas, such as Deep Creek Lake State Park and Jennings Randolph Lake. A church and a post office are located in the downtown area. The population was 58 at the 2010 census. Anderson Chapel was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984. Demographics References Census-designated places in Garrett County, Maryland Census-designated places in Maryland
44499850	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%20Nigger%20in%20the%20Woodpile	A Nigger in the Woodpile	A Nigger in the Woodpile is a 1904 American silent film, with a runtime of four minutes. The title is derived from the idiom nigger in the woodpile, meaning something is wrong or "off". A copy is in the Black films section of the Library of Congress. The video can also be found on YouTube. Synopsis A deacon, played by a white actor in blackface, is constantly stealing firewood from a white farmer. The farmer, with the help of a companion, places a stick of dynamite in one of the blocks, hoping to rid himself of the thievery in this way. When the deacon returns with an older man (also an actor in blackface) to steal wood he is fooled into taking the dynamite with him, hidden in one of the blocks he stole. He goes home where his wife (again played by a male actor in blackface) is cooking. He places three blocks in the fireplace, the last of which contains the dynamite. Shortly after, it explodes, but no one is killed. The farmer and his friend enter and haul off the old man. The film was shot in a studio in New York City. Analysis Writing about the film's racist content, in Migrating to the Movies: Cinema and Black Urban Modernity, author Jacqueline Najuma Stewart states that the blackfaced actors are "wearing costumes signifying their traditional racial "types": Mammy in apron and bandanna; an uppity "colored deacon," striking Zip Coon figure in top hat and tails: and his partner in crime, a harmless, shabbily dressed, white-haired Uncle Remus. The film depicts African Americans as habitual thieves,... And the film's "punitive" ending (a commonplace in early film comedies) functions to bring about narrative closure at the expense of the black transgressors." See also List of American films of 1904 References External links 1904 films 1904 short films American silent short films American black-and-white films 1904 comedy films Blackface minstrel shows and films American comedy short films Silent American comedy films 1900s American films
44499862	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ja%C3%AFr%20Karam	Jaïr Karam	Jaïr Karam is a French professional football player and manager. From 2013 to 2018 he coached the French Guiana national football team. Since July 2018 he has been coach of Stade Poitevin. References External links Profile at Soccerway.com Profile at Soccerpunter.com Year of birth missing (living people) Living people French Guianan footballers French Guiana international footballers Association football goalkeepers French Guianan football managers French football managers French Guiana national football team managers Place of birth missing (living people) 2017 CONCACAF Gold Cup managers
44499864	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominique%20R%C3%A9nia	Dominique Rénia	Dominique Rénia is a French professional football manager. In 2012, he coached the Saint Martin national football team. References External links Saint Martin - Caribbean Football Year of birth missing (living people) Living people Saint Martinois football managers French football managers Saint Martin national football team managers Place of birth missing (living people)
44499866	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand%20Bernabela	Ferdinand Bernabela	Ferdinand Bernabela is a Bonaire professional football manager. From 2014 to 2015 he coached the Bonaire national football team. Managerial statistics References External links Profile at Soccerpunter.com Bonaire - Caribbean Football Year of birth missing (living people) Living people Bonaire football managers Bonaire national football team managers Place of birth missing (living people)
17332273	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution%20of%20color%20vision	Evolution of color vision	Color vision, a proximate adaptation of the vision sensory modality, allows for the discrimination of light based on its wavelength components. Improved detection sensitivity The evolutionary process of switching from a single photopigment to two different pigments would have provided early ancestors with a sensitivity advantage in two ways. In one way, adding a new pigment would allow them to see a wider range of the electromagnetic spectrum. Secondly, new random connections would create wavelength opponency and the new wavelength opponent neurons would be much more sensitive than the non-wavelength opponent neurons. This is the result of some wavelength distributions favouring excitation instead of inhibition. Both excitation and inhibition would be features of a neural substrate during the formation of a second pigment. Overall, the advantage gained from increased sensitivity with wavelength opponency would open up opportunities for future exploitation by mutations and even further improvement. Invertebrates Color vision requires a number of opsin molecules with different absorbance peaks, and at least three opsins were present in the ancestor of arthropods; chelicerates and pancrustaceans today possess color vision. Vertebrates Researchers studying the opsin genes responsible for color-vision pigments have long known that four photopigment opsins exist in birds, reptiles and teleost fish. This indicates that the common ancestor of amphibians and amniotes (≈350 million years ago) had tetrachromatic vision — the ability to see four dimensions of color. Mammals Today, most mammals possess dichromatic vision, corresponding to protanopia red–green color blindness. They can thus see violet, blue, green and yellow light, but cannot see ultraviolet, and deep red light. This was probably a feature of the first mammalian ancestors, which were likely small, nocturnal, and burrowing. At the time of the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event million years ago, the burrowing ability probably helped mammals survive extinction. Mammalian species of the time had already started to differentiate, but were still generally small, comparable in size to shrews; this small size would have helped them to find shelter in protected environments. Monotremes and marsupials It is postulated that some early monotremes, marsupials, and placentals were semiaquatic or burrowing, as there are multiple mammalian lineages with such habits today. Any burrowing or semiaquatic mammal would have had additional protection from Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary environmental stresses. However, many such species evidently possessed poor color vision in comparison with non-mammalian vertebrate species of the time, including reptiles, birds, and amphibians. Primates Since the beginning of the Paleogene Period, surviving mammals enlarged, moving away by adaptive radiation from a burrowing existence and into the open, although most species kept their relatively poor color vision. Exceptions occur for some marsupials (which possibly kept their original color vision) and some primates—including humans. Primates, as an order of mammals, began to emerge around the beginning of the Paleogene Period. Primates have re-developed trichromatic color vision since that time, by the mechanism of gene duplication, being under unusually high evolutionary pressure to develop color vision better than the mammalian standard. Ability to perceive red and orange hues allows tree-dwelling primates to discern them from green. This is particularly important for primates in the detection of red and orange fruit, as well as nutrient-rich new foliage, in which the red and orange carotenoids have not yet been masked by chlorophyll. Another theory is that detecting skin flushing and thereby mood may have influenced the development of primate trichromate vision. The color red also has other effects on primate and human behavior, as discussed in the color psychology article. Today, among simians, the catarrhines (Old World monkeys and apes, including humans) are routinely trichromatic—meaning that both males and females possess three opsins, sensitive to short-wave, medium-wave, and long-wave light—while, conversely, only a small fraction of platyrrhine primates (New World monkeys) are trichromats. See also Evolution of color vision in primates Evolution of the eye References Color vision Colour vision
44499867	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilbert%20Primrose%20%28surgeon%29	Gilbert Primrose (surgeon)	Gilbert Primrose (c.1535 -18 April 1616) was a Scottish surgeon who became Surgeon to King James VI of Scots and moved with the court to London as Serjeant-Surgeon to King James VI and I on the Union of the Crowns. He was Deacon of the Incorporation of Surgeons and Barbers of Edinburgh on three occasions. Early life and education Gilbert Primrose was born c.1540, at Culross, Fife, Scotland. He was the son of Duncan Primrose and Helen Smyth, whose niece, Euphan Primrose, married Sir George Bruce, from whom the Earls of Rosebery are descended. On 6 June 1558 he was admitted to the Incorporation of Surgeons and Barbers of Edinburgh as apprentice to Robert Henrysoun, one of the founder members of the Incorporation. Career In 1558 Scotland was threatened by an invasion from "", the Edinburgh craft guilds were required to list those men who could be mustered in the event of an attack and Primrose was included. In September 1575 Regent Morton sent him to Coldingham to mend the broken leg of the messenger Ninian Cockburn. In March 1580 Primrose was one of a number of Edinburgh surgeons who examined and treated Robert Aslowane, the victim of an assault by James Douglas of Parkhead and his accomplices. When the surgeons declared that Aslowane was likely to recover, the burgh council released Parkhead and his followers. In September 1584 he was imprisoned in Dumbarton Castle. He was allowed bail or caution for future loyalty at £1,000 Scots, guaranteed by the textile merchant Robert Jousie and the apothecary Alexander Barclay. Primrose went on to become Surgeon to King James VI. In June 1592 the Earl of Angus was injured falling from his horse and sent for Primrose. On 10 February 1594 he was appointed to attend Anne of Denmark at Stirling Castle, when she gave birth to Prince Henry, with the physicians Martin Schöner and Gilbert Moncreiff, Alexander Barclay, and the midwife. He was a friend of Dr Peter Lowe, the co-founder of the Faculty of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow, who dedicated the first edition (1597) of his surgical textbook The Whole course of Chirurgerie (which was renamed Discourse of the Whole Art of Chirurgerie for the 2nd and 3rd editions) to Gilbert Primrose. Pimrose was elected Deacon of the Incorporation of Surgeons and Barbers on no fewer than three occasions. Whilst he was Deacon in 1581 the Surgeons became first in the order of precedence of the 14 crafts of the City of Edinburgh. When he was elected Deacon for the third time in 1602 his status was such that he was able to impose considerable discipline on the Incorporation. Under his leadership all members of the Incorporation swore that they would uphold all aspects of the Seal of Cause (the Charter of the Incorporation) and any violations were punished. Primrose was also responsible for passing new Laws which sought to maintain even higher standards within the craft. Admission and examination fees were established and each member of the Incorporation was required to pay a subscription. The Incorporation thrived under his leadership. On 30 April 1597 his mother Helen Smith, over 80 years old and blind, was assaulted and robbed in her house at Culross. As principal surgeon to King James VI he accompanied the Court to London on the Union of the Crowns in 1603. He became Serjeant-Surgeon or chief surgeon to the King, now James VI and I and Queen Anne. First name on Fellows’ Roll Whilst the names of the earliest members of the Incorporation appear in the Edinburgh Burgh records, the assignation of a roll number for Members and Fellows starts from 1581 when the Deacon of the Incorporation was Gilbert Primrose. His name is first in the Roll of Fellows which has continued in an uninterrupted sequence ever since. Primrose’s mortar Surgeons’ Hall Museum has a treasured relic of Gilbert Primrose. It is labelled "a replica of the mortar used by Gilbert Primrose, an ancestor of the Earl of Rosebery and a Deacon of the Chirurgeon-Barbers in 1581". This mortar was presented to the College by Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery, a descendant of Gilbert Primrose in December 1909. The original is held in the National Museums of Scotland. Family His brother Archibald Primrose became 1st Laird of Burnbrae. Other brothers included David Primrose, Henry Primrose, Duncan Primrose and Peter Primrose. He married Alison Graham. Their cildren included: Gilbert Primrose (c. 1580–1641) who became a Calvinist pastor. Marion Primrose (1566-1637), who married Alexander Clark of Balbirnie. David Primrose. Robert Primrose. Death Gilbert Primrose died in Westminster, London on 18 April 1616 and was buried in Greyfriars Churchyard, Edinburgh where his monument still stands. His grave carries a Latin inscription translated as:To Gilbert Primrose, Chief Surgeon to James and Anne, King and Queen of Great Britain, France and Ireland. His heirs erected this monument. He lived happily 80 years. To the end of his life he was Chief Surgeon to the King, and died, adorned with testimonials of public sorrow from Prince and people, in the year of our Lord 1616 on the 8th of April. Great Gilbert Primrose shut his mortal eyes Full fraught with honours as with length of days My will and life to Christ I still resign'd Hence neither life nor death did bitter find References Scottish surgeons 1616 deaths Fellows of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh Presidents of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh Year of birth uncertain People from Culross Gilbert Burials at Greyfriars Kirkyard
20468824	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De%20Sitter%20invariant%20special%20relativity	De Sitter invariant special relativity	In mathematical physics, de Sitter invariant special relativity is the speculative idea that the fundamental symmetry group of spacetime is the indefinite orthogonal group SO(4,1), that of de Sitter space. In the standard theory of general relativity, de Sitter space is a highly symmetrical special vacuum solution, which requires a cosmological constant or the stress–energy of a constant scalar field to sustain. The idea of de Sitter invariant relativity is to require that the laws of physics are not fundamentally invariant under the Poincaré group of special relativity, but under the symmetry group of de Sitter space instead. With this assumption, empty space automatically has de Sitter symmetry, and what would normally be called the cosmological constant in general relativity becomes a fundamental dimensional parameter describing the symmetry structure of spacetime. First proposed by Luigi Fantappiè in 1954, the theory remained obscure until it was rediscovered in 1968 by Henri Bacry and Jean-Marc Lévy-Leblond. In 1972, Freeman Dyson popularized it as a hypothetical road by which mathematicians could have guessed part of the structure of general relativity before it was discovered. The discovery of the accelerating expansion of the universe has led to a revival of interest in de Sitter invariant theories, in conjunction with other speculative proposals for new physics, like doubly special relativity. Introduction De Sitter suggested that spacetime curvature might not be due solely to gravity but he did not give any mathematical details of how this could be accomplished. In 1968 Henri Bacry and Jean-Marc Lévy-Leblond showed that the de Sitter group was the most general group compatible with isotropy, homogeneity and boost invariance. Later, Freeman Dyson advocated this as an approach to making the mathematical structure of general relativity more self-evident. Minkowski's unification of space and time within special relativity replaces the Galilean group of Newtonian mechanics with the Lorentz group. This is called a unification of space and time because the Lorentz group is simple, while the Galilean group is a semi-direct product of rotations and Galilean boosts. This means that the Lorentz group mixes up space and time such that they cannot be disentangled, while the Galilean group treats time as a parameter with different units of measurement than space. An analogous thing can be made to happen with the ordinary rotation group in three dimensions. If you imagine a nearly flat world, one in which pancake-like creatures wander around on a pancake flat world, their conventional unit of height might be the micrometre (μm), since that is how high typical structures are in their world, while their unit of distance could be the metre, because that is their body's horizontal extent. Such creatures would describe the basic symmetry of their world as SO(2), being the known rotations in the horizontal (x–y) plane. Later on, they might discover rotations around the x- and y-axes—and in their everyday experience such rotations might always be by an infinitesimal angle, so that these rotations would effectively commute with each other. The rotations around the horizontal axes would tilt objects by an infinitesimal amount. The tilt in the x–z plane (the "x-tilt") would be one parameter, and the tilt in the y–z plane (the "y-tilt") another. The symmetry group of this pancake world is then SO(2) semidirect product with R2, meaning that a two-dimensional rotation plus two extra parameters, the x-tilt and the y-tilt. The reason it is a semidirect product is that, when you rotate, the x-tilt and the y-tilt rotate into each other, since they form a vector and not two scalars. In this world, the difference in height between two objects at the same x, y would be a rotationally invariant quantity unrelated to length and width. The z-coordinate is effectively separate from x and y. Eventually, experiments at large angles would convince the creatures that the symmetry of the world is SO(3). Then they would understand that z is really the same as x and y, since they can be mixed up by rotations. The SO(2) semidirect product R2 limit would be understood as the limit that the free parameter μ, the ratio of the height range μm to the length range m, approaches 0. The Lorentz group is analogous—it is a simple group that turns into the Galilean group when the time range is made long compared to the space range, or where velocities may be regarded as infinitesimal, or equivalently, may be regarded as the limit , where relativistic effects become observable "as good as at infinite velocity". The symmetry group of special relativity is not entirely simple, due to translations. The Lorentz group is the set of the transformations that keep the origin fixed, but translations are not included. The full Poincaré group is the semi-direct product of translations with the Lorentz group. If translations are to be similar to elements of the Lorentz group, then as boosts are non-commutative, translations would also be non-commutative. In the pancake world, this would manifest if the creatures were living on an enormous sphere rather than on a plane. In this case, when they wander around their sphere, they would eventually come to realize that translations are not entirely separate from rotations, because if they move around on the surface of a sphere, when they come back to where they started, they find that they have been rotated by the holonomy of parallel transport on the sphere. If the universe is the same everywhere (homogeneous) and there are no preferred directions (isotropic), then there are not many options for the symmetry group: they either live on a flat plane, or on a sphere with a constant positive curvature, or on a Lobachevski plane with constant negative curvature. If they are not living on the plane, they can describe positions using dimensionless angles, the same parameters that describe rotations, so that translations and rotations are nominally unified. In relativity, if translations mix up nontrivially with rotations, but the universe is still homogeneous and isotropic, the only option is that spacetime has a uniform scalar curvature. If the curvature is positive, the analog of the sphere case for the two-dimensional creatures, the spacetime is de Sitter space and its symmetry group is the de Sitter group rather than the Poincaré group. De Sitter special relativity postulates that the empty space has de Sitter symmetry as a fundamental law of nature. This means that spacetime is slightly curved even in the absence of matter or energy. This residual curvature implies a positive cosmological constant to be determined by observation. Due to the small magnitude of the constant, special relativity with its Poincaré group is indistinguishable from de Sitter space for most practical purposes. Modern proponents of this idea, such as S. Cacciatori, V. Gorini and A. Kamenshchik, have reinterpreted this theory as physics, not just mathematics. They postulate that the acceleration of the expansion of the universe is not entirely due to vacuum energy, but at least partly due to the kinematics of the de Sitter group, which would replace the Poincaré group. A modification of this idea allows to change with time, so that inflation may come from the cosmological constant being larger near the Big Bang than nowadays. It can also be viewed as a different approach to the problem of quantum gravity. High energy The Poincaré group contracts to the Galilean group for low-velocity kinematics, meaning that when all velocities are small the Poincaré group "morphs" into the Galilean group. (This can be made precise with İnönü and Wigner's concept of group contraction.) Similarly, the de Sitter group contracts to the Poincaré group for short-distance kinematics, when the magnitudes of all translations considered are very small compared to the de Sitter radius. In quantum mechanics, short distances are probed by high energies, so that for energies above a very small value related to the cosmological constant, the Poincaré group is a good approximation to the de Sitter group. In de Sitter relativity, the cosmological constant is no longer a free parameter of the same type; it is determined by the de Sitter radius, a fundamental quantity that determines the commutation relation of translation with rotations/boosts. This means that the theory of de Sitter relativity might be able to provide insight on the value of the cosmological constant, perhaps explaining the cosmic coincidence. Unfortunately, the de Sitter radius, which determines the cosmological constant, is an adjustable parameter in de Sitter relativity, so the theory requires a separate condition to determine its value in relation to the measurement scale. When a cosmological constant is viewed as a kinematic parameter, the definitions of energy and momentum must be changed from those of special relativity. These changes could significantly modify the physics of the early universe if the cosmological constant was greater back then. Some speculate that a high energy experiment could modify the local structure of spacetime from Minkowski space to de Sitter space with a large cosmological constant for a short period of time, and this might eventually be tested in the existing or planned particle collider. Doubly special relativity Since the de Sitter group naturally incorporates an invariant length parameter, de Sitter relativity can be interpreted as an example of the so-called doubly special relativity. There is a fundamental difference, though: whereas in all doubly special relativity models the Lorentz symmetry is violated, in de Sitter relativity it remains as a physical symmetry. A drawback of the usual doubly special relativity models is that they are valid only at the energy scales where ordinary special relativity is supposed to break down, giving rise to a patchwork relativity. On the other hand, de Sitter relativity is found to be invariant under a simultaneous re-scaling of mass, energy and momentum, and is consequently valid at all energy scales. A relationship between doubly special relativity, de Sitter space and general relativity is described by Derek Wise. See also MacDowell–Mansouri action. Newton–Hooke: de Sitter special relativity in the limit v ≪ c In the limit as , the de Sitter group contracts to the Newton–Hooke group. This has the effect that in the nonrelativistic limit, objects in de Sitter space have an extra "repulsion" from the origin: objects have a tendency to move away from the center with an outward pointing fictitious force proportional to their distance from the origin. While it looks as though this might pick out a preferred point in space—the center of repulsion, it is more subtly isotropic. Moving to the uniformly accelerated frame of reference of an observer at another point, all accelerations appear to have a repulsion center at the new point. What this means is that in a spacetime with non-vanishing curvature, gravity is modified from Newtonian gravity. At distances comparable to the radius of the space, objects feel an additional linear repulsion from the center of coordinates. History of de Sitter invariant special relativity "de Sitter relativity" is the same as the theory of "projective relativity" of Luigi Fantappiè and Giuseppe Arcidiacono first published in 1954 by Fantappiè and the same as another independent discovery in 1976. In 1968 Henri Bacry and Jean-Marc Lévy-Leblond published a paper on possible kinematics In 1972 Freeman Dyson further explored this. In 1973 Eliano Pessa described how Fantappié–Arcidiacono projective relativity relates to earlier conceptions of projective relativity and to Kaluza Klein theory. R. Aldrovandi, J.P. Beltrán Almeida and J.G. Pereira have used the terms "de Sitter special relativity" and "de Sitter relativity" starting from their 2007 paper "de Sitter special relativity". This paper was based on previous work on amongst other things: the consequences of a non-vanishing cosmological constant, on doubly special relativity and on the Newton–Hooke group and early work formulating special relativity with a de Sitter space In 2008 S. Cacciatori, V. Gorini and A. Kamenshchik published a paper about the kinematics of de Sitter relativity. Papers by other authors include: dSR and the fine structure constant; dSR and dark energy; dSR Hamiltonian Formalism; and De Sitter Thermodynamics from Diamonds's Temperature, Triply special relativity from six dimensions, Deformed General Relativity and Torsion. Quantum de Sitter special relativity There are quantized or quantum versions of de Sitter special relativity. Early work on formulating a quantum theory in a de Sitter space includes: See also Noncommutative geometry Quantum field theory in curved spacetime References Further reading Special relativity General relativity Physical cosmology Quantum gravity Kinematics Riemannian geometry Group theory
44499880	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gatimaan%20Express	Gatimaan Express	The 12049 / 12050 Gatimaan Express is India's first semi-high speed train that runs between Delhi and Jhansi. It takes 265 minutes (around 4.5 hours) to cover the journey from Hazrat Nizamuddin to Virangana Lakshmibai Junction railway stations with an average speed of . The top operating speed of the Gatimaan Express is up to 160 km/h, which makes it the fastest regularly scheduled train service in India. Trial runs of other trains have been faster, and if the rail infrastructure on Vande Bharat Express routes were to be improved, it could also go as fast as the Gatiman Express. History In October 2014, the railways applied for safety certificate from Commission of Railway Safety to start the service. In June 2015, the train was officially announced. The train was launched on 5 April 2016 and completed its maiden journey between Nizamuddin and Agra Cantt within 100 minutes. But due to low occupancy, Indian Railways first extended this train from Agra to Gwalior on 19 February 2018 and then to Virangana Lakshmibai junction on 1 April 2018. Loco link The Gatimaan Express is regularly hauled by a WAP 5 electric locomotive from the Ghaziabad Loco Shed. WAP-5 locomotives 30007, 30140, 35020, 35008, 35007 & 30120 from the Ghaziabad (GZB) Electric locomotive Shed are used to haul this train in both directions. These locomotives are equipped with TPWS (Train Protection and Warning System). Speed The maximum permissible speed is 160 kmph but not for the whole journey. The maximum permissible speed is 120 kmph between H. Nizamuddin and Tughlakabad. Railway is trying to increase the maximum permissible speed of H. Nizamuddin - Tughlakabad route up to 130 kmph from 120 kmph and for this reason, maximum permissible speed of this train will be increased to 130 kmph between H. Nizamuddin and Tughlakabad. The maximum permissible speed is 160 kmph between Tughlakabad and Agra Cant and speed of this part makes it the train having highest speed in the country, the maximum permissible speed is 130 kmph between Agra Cant and Virangna Lakshmibai. Railway is planning to increase its speed to 160 kmph beyond Agra Cant. See also References Express trains in India Rail transport in Uttar Pradesh Rail transport in Delhi Railway services introduced in 2016 Transport in Delhi Named passenger trains of India
44499889	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerhard%20Vinken	Gerhard Vinken	Gerhard Vinken (born 15 April 1961 in Hannover) is a German art historian and a professor at the University of Bamberg. Life Gerhard Vinken studied Art History, Philosophy, and History in Freiburg, Paris and Berlin. He received his doctorate from the Free University of Berlin in 1995 with a dissertation on French Romanesque architecture. In 2008 he completed his habilitation in Art History at the University of Bern, Switzerland. From 1992 to 1994 he served as division head (Gebietsreferent) at the Brandenburg State Architectural Conservation Authority, then moved on to independent work on heritage conservation research projects until 2002. During this period he was also active as an author and journalist as well as a lecturer at the Ernst Moritz Arndt University in Greifswald, the Free University of Berlin and the Humboldt University in Berlin. From 2003 to 2006 he was Acting Professor of Art History and Architectural Theory at RWTH Aachen University, then from 2009 to 2012 LOEWE Professor of Interdisciplinary Urban Studies in the Department of Architecture at Darmstadt Technical University. In 2012 he was awarded the Chair in Architectural Conservation / Heritage Sciences at the University of Bamberg, where he directs the Master's Program in Architectural and Heritage Conservation. His research interests include the theory and history of architectural conservation, architectural and urban history and theory, and spatial theory. Selected writings Books Denkmal – Werte – Bewertung. (ed., together with Birgit Franz), Veröffentlichung des Arbeitskreises Theorie und Lehre der Denkmalpflege e.V., Vol. 23, Holzminden 2014. Zone Heimat. Altstadt im modernen Städtebau. Munich/Berlin 2010. Dehio-Handbuch der Deutschen Kunstdenkmäler: Brandenburg. Munich/Berlin 2000, (ed. by Gerhard Vinken et al.; 2nd ed. 2012, revised by Barbara Rimpel). Baustruktur und Heiligenkult. Romanische Sakralarchitektur in der Auvergne. Worms 1997. Essays Unstillbarer Hunger nach Echtem. Frankfurts neue Altstadt zwischen Rekonstruktion und Themenarchitektur. In: Forum Stadt. Zeitschrift für Stadtgeschichte, Stadtsoziologie, Denkmalpflege und Stadtentwicklung, 40, 2/2013, pp. 119–136. Reproducing the City? Heritage and Eigenlogik. In: Urban Research & Practice, 5,3, 2012, pp. 325–334. Freistellen – Rahmen – Zonieren. Räume und Raumtheorie in der Denkmalpflege. In: Suzana Alpsancar, Petra Gehring, Marc Rölli (eds.): Raumprobleme – Philosophische Perspektiven." Munich 2011, pp. 161–180. Ort und Bahn. Die Räume der modernen Stadt bei Le Corbusier und Rudolf Schwarz. In: Cornelia Jöchner (ed.): Räume der Stadt. Von der Antike bis heute. Berlin 2008, pp. 147–164. Stadt – Denkmal – Bild. Wider die homogenen Bilder der Heimat. In: Hans-Rudolf Meier (ed.): Dresden. StadtBild und Denkmalpflege. Konstruktion und Rezeption von Bildern der Stadt. Berlin 2008, pp. 162–175. Ad memoriam patris Benedicti. The Cult of Death and the Art of Memory: The Romanesque Abbey Church of Saint-Benoît-sur-Loire. In: Anselm Haverkamp (ed.): Memory Inc. New York 1996, pp. 15–18. External links Literature by and about Gerhard Vinken in the catalogue of the German National Library Website of the Chair for Architectural Conservation / Heritage Sciences at Bamberg University Gerhard Vinken's page at the Centre for Mediaeval Studies (ZEMAS) at Bamberg University Living people 1961 births 21st-century German historians German male non-fiction writers
17332275	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20number-one%20singles%20of%201956%20%28France%29	List of number-one singles of 1956 (France)	This is a list of the French singles & airplay chart reviews number-ones of 1956. Number-ones by week Singles chart See also 1956 in music List of number-one hits (France) References 1956 in France France singles Lists of number-one songs in France
44499899	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayuge%20Sugar%20Industries%20Limited	Mayuge Sugar Industries Limited	Mayuge Sugar Industries Limited (MSIL) is a sugar manufacturer in Uganda, the third-largest economy in the East African Community. Location Mayuge Sugar Industries Limited is located on the Musita–Mayuge–Lumino–Majanji–Busia Road, in Mayuge District in the Eastern Region of Uganda, about northwest of the town of Mayuge, the location of the district headquarters. This is about south of Iganga, the nearest large town. The main factory of the company is located approximately , by road, east of Jinja, the largest city in the largest city in the sub-region. The coordinates of the company headquarters and factory are 0°30'21.0"N, 33°24'55.0"E (Latitude:0.505824; Longitude:33.415278). Overview The company is a medium-sized sugar manufacturer, established in 2005, with production capacity of 60,000 metric tonnes annually. The sugar factory also owns and operates Mayuge Thermal Power Station, a 1.6 megawatt co-generation electric facility, with expandable capacity to 22 MW. MSIL is one of the newer sugar producers in the country that contributed to the projected national output of 450,000 metric tonnes expected in 2004. Ownership MSIL is a wholly owned subsidiary of Maheswaris & Patels Group of Companies (M&P Group), an industrial conglomerate, whose interests include sugar manufacturing, electricity generation, steel manufacturing, metal fabrication and construction. Memberships Mayuge Sugar Industries Limited is not a member of Uganda Sugar Manufacturers Association (USMA), an industry group of leading sugar manufacturers in the county. The company is a member of Uganda Manufacturers Association (UMA), an industry group. See also Economy of Uganda List of sugar manufacturers in Uganda References External links Official website Companies established in 2005 Mayuge District Eastern Region, Uganda Sugar companies of Uganda Agriculture in Uganda Agriculture companies established in 2005 2005 establishments in Uganda
17332289	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS%20PC-1179	USS PC-1179	USS PC-1179 was a built for the United States Navy during World War II. She was later renamed Morris (PC-1179) but never saw active service under that name. Career PC-1179 was commissioned in 1944 and decommissioned in 1946, she was renamed as the eighth USS Morris in 1956. She was struck from the navy register on 1 July 1960 and sold on 10 May 1961, to Zidell Shipbreakers in Portland, Oregon for $17,038.88. References External links USS Morris PC-461-class submarine chasers Ships built in Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin 1943 ships World War II patrol vessels of the United States
17332374	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LDRSHIP	LDRSHIP	LDRSHIP is an acronym for the seven basic values of the United States Army: Loyalty - bear true faith and allegiance to the U.S. Constitution, the Army, your unit and other soldiers. Duty - Fulfill your obligations. Respect - Treat people as they should be treated. Selfless Service - Put the welfare of the nation, the Army, and your subordinates before your own. Honor - Live up to all the Army values. Integrity - Do what’s right, legally and morally. Personal Courage - Face fear, danger or adversity (physical or moral). See also Leadership United States Army U.S. Soldier's Creed References External links Army Values FM 1, The Army (14 June 2005) United States Army traditions
17332409	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaffery%20Sports%20Club%20Ground	Jaffery Sports Club Ground	The Jaffery Sports Club Ground is a cricket ground situated in Nairobi, Kenya. It hosted its first ODI international during the 2007 World Cricket League in Kenya. The Ground is owned by a sect of the Muslim community in Nairobi. Hence most of the players in the Club team are Islamic. This club plays host to the matches of the Nairobi Jaffery Sports Club from the Nairobi Provincial Cricket Association. Many of the young players from the cricket team have gone on to represent Kenya at various levels including Kenya, Kenya 'A', and at junior levels. A few players from this club have also gone on to represent different teams at the Sahara Elite League. A few of these players include Charles Obuya (Eastern Aces), and Ashwin Prabhakar (Southern Stars, Kenya 'A'). List of Centuries One Day Internationals List of Five Wicket Hauls One Day Internationals References Cricinfo ground page Sport in Nairobi Cricket grounds in Kenya
17332421	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr.%20Charles%20Cotton%20House	Dr. Charles Cotton House	The Dr. Charles Cotton House is an historic house at 5 Cotton Court in Newport, Rhode Island. It is one of the city's oldest houses. It is a -story wood-frame structure, five bays wide, with a large central chimney and a hipped roof. The original portion of the house was built around 1720 with large Georgian style additions in the 18th century and modifications in the nineteenth century. Dr. Charles Cotton, a great-grandson of Josiah Cotton and surgeon aboard the USS Constitution, owned the house in the early 19th century and gave the house its current name. The Cotton House was taken by eminent domain by the Newport Restoration Foundation in 1974 from the Cotton family who owned the house for 157 years. The Foundation moved the house in 1977 from its original location across the adjoining parking lot. The house was restored from 1979 to 1980. The site added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. See also National Register of Historic Places listings in Newport County, Rhode Island References and external links Newport Restoration Foundation information Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Rhode Island Houses in Newport, Rhode Island National Register of Historic Places in Newport, Rhode Island Historic district contributing properties in Rhode Island
6901318	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max%20Gradel	Max Gradel	Max-Alain Gradel (born 30 November 1987) is an Ivorian professional footballer who plays as a winger or striker for Turkish club Sivasspor and the Ivory Coast national team. Gradel received his first call-up to the Ivory Coast national team in November 2010. He made his debut for the national side on 5 June 2011. On 30 April 2011, Gradel won both the Fans Player of the Year and Players' Player of the Year awards at Leeds. In June 2018, he joined French club Toulouse. Club career After moving to the UK from Paris, France, in 2004, Gradel attended Lewisham College Football Academy, under the tutelage of then Head Coach Aaron Jacob, who was one of his early mentors. He attended the Bon Giourno Cup in the Netherlands and the team went on to win the trophy conceding no goals, with Gradel scoring 11 of 17. He was due to attend the Dallas Cup with the team but was offered a Pro contract and made the decision not to go. "Everything started at Lewisham College," says Gradel. "We were all good players in the Football Academy; I think I made it a bit by chance. Gradel began playing football when he was two years old in the Ivory Coast. After leaving Lewisham College, Gradel was offered trials with Arsenal, Chelsea, West Ham United and Leicester City and spent four months with Arsenal before signing with Leicester. From there he moved to Leeds United where he played regularly for the Championship side. Gradel was given a squad number for the 2007–08 season. On 5 May 2007, he signed his first professional contract with Leicester along with seven other players, including Eric Odhiambo, Andy King and Carl Pentney. Loan at AFC Bournemouth On 6 August 2007, Leicester City manager Martin Allen made Gradel and Conrad Logan available for loan for the forthcoming season. Three days later, Gradel joined AFC Bournemouth on an initial one-month loan, which was extended for the season on transfer deadline day (31 August). However, he was unable to play as many games with the Cherries as he had hoped due to the death of his mother in early October. As a result, he was told by Bournemouth manager Kevin Bond that he could take all the time he needed to return to England. He returned to Leicester early on 3 January 2008, although Bond stated he wanted to take him back to Bournemouth on loan again, a move which was completed for the rest of the season on 11 January. Gradel's form at Bournemouth earned him a new three-year deal at Leicester, which he signed on 6 February. Return to Leicester and promotion He made his league debut for Leicester against Milton Keynes Dons on 9 August 2008, setting up a goal as Leicester won 2–0 at the Walkers Stadium. On 14 August, Gradel signed a new contract that would last until June 2012. He scored his first senior goal in a 2–1 FA Cup defeat to Crystal Palace on 14 January 2009, and his first league goal in a 2–2 draw against MK Dons on 28 February, scoring an equalising free-kick at injury time. His free kick away at MK Dons won the Goal of the Season award at the Leicester City Supporters Club Awards on 23 April. Gradel made 32 appearances in all competitions as Leicester secured their promotion as league champions. In the following season however, Gradel made just one substitute appearance in the League Cup. Leeds United 2009–10 season On 19 October 2009, Gradel joined Leeds United on loan for a month. He made his debut as a substitute in a 2–1 win over Norwich City that same evening. Gradel scored his first goal for Leeds on 31 October against Yeovil Town within minutes after coming on as a substitute, which prompted chants from the crowd of "Grayson sign him up". Leeds manager Simon Grayson said he wanted to extend Gradel's loan move beyond the initial month. Gradel himself stated he would like to extend the loan deal at Leeds and even hinted he would be happy to move to Leeds on a permanent deal. Leicester refused Leeds permission to play Gradel in their FA Cup game against Oldham Athletic. Gradel started his first game for Leeds in the 3–1 win against Grimsby Town, contributing to Leeds' first goal as his cross was diverted by Olly Lancashire into his own net. The game would have been the last of Gradel's initial one-month loan. The loan was extended to 2 January 2010 on 13 November. Gradel scored the winning goal for Leeds in the 89th minute against Leyton Orient after coming off the bench for Leeds. He made his first start in the league for Leeds against Oldham. He provided two assists in the same game for Neil Kilkenny's and Luciano Becchio's goals. Gradel scored three minutes after coming on for Leeds as a substitute in the West Yorkshire derby against Huddersfield Town. He made his second league start for Leeds in the game against Brentford, due to the suspension of Robert Snodgrass. Gradel replaced Jermaine Beckford as a substitute against Southampton, and he made an immediate impact in the same game, minutes after coming on Snodgrass curled a shot into the top right corner to seal Leeds' win. Gradel handed in a transfer request on his return to Leicester, and he was signed by Leeds United on a two-and-a-half year contract on 25 January for an undisclosed fee. His first appearance as an under contract Leeds player came as a second-half substitute in the 3–0 defeat to Swindon Town. After being unavailable for Leeds' FA Cup loss against Tottenham Hotspur, Gradel came back into the Leeds squad and the starting lineup against Hartlepool United in Leeds' 2–2 draw. He retained his place in the starting XI for the next game against Carlisle United in the Trophy second leg game, which Leeds won 3–2 but were knocked out 6–5 on a penalty shootout, with Gradel converting his penalty for Leeds. After Jermaine Beckford returned from injury Gradel dropped back to Leeds' bench. Gradel received the man of the match award against Yeovil Town in Leeds' 2–1 win. In the following game Gradel kept his place up front and scored for Leeds against Southend United in a 2–0 win. Then, he followed it up in the next match scoring in a 3–1 away win against Carlisle United, with Gradel opening up the scoring and Luciano Becchio scoring a brace. Gradel's sixth goal for Leeds came in Leeds' 4–1 win against MK Dons. Gradel was sent off for violent conduct in Leeds United's final match of the 2009–10 season against Bristol Rovers when after a moment of madness he got himself sent off then refused to leave the pitch in the first half of the match, but Leeds won the game 2–1 and were promoted to The Championship. 2010–11 season Gradel played his first game back at Elland Road since his red card against Bristol Rovers, with him putting in an impressive performance when Leeds completed their pre-season campaign on 31 July with a 3–1 win over Premier League side Wolverhampton Wanderers at Elland Road. Gradel scored a goal in the game by scoring a long range effort. Due to Gradel's red card the previous season and his refusal to leave the pitch he missed the first four games of the season through suspension. Gradel returned from his four match suspension in the second round of the League Cup when he made his first start of the season against his former club Leicester. He managed to gain an assist in the game, providing a cross for Davide Somma's goal. His first league appearance came in the following game, when he came on as a second-half substitute in the 1–0 win away to Watford. Gradel made his first league start of the season, when Lloyd Sam was dropped for the game against Swansea City on 11 September. Gradel scored his first goal of the Championship season against Scunthorpe United. Gradel scored his second goal of the season against Coventry City after scoring a penalty. Gradel's third goal of the season came against Norwich City. Gradel scored his fourth goal of the season against Burnley which started Leeds's comeback to win 3–2 after being 2–0 down. On 18 December, Gradel scored his fifth and sixth goals of the season when he scored both goals in Leeds' 2–0 win over league leaders Queens Park Rangers. Gradel scored his seventh goal of the season against his former club Leicester City with a header Gradel's form for Leeds saw him attract interest from Premiership clubs. Gradel scored his eighth goal of the season against Portsmouth. Newcastle United showed an interest in Gradel but manager Simon Grayson confirmed that he wasn't looking to sell the in-form player. After an impressive December, Gradel was named as one of the nominees for The Championship player of the month. On 8 January, Gradel won a penalty against Arsenal which was scored by Robert Snodgrass as Leeds earned an impressive 1–1 draw. Then on 15 January, Gradel scored his ninth goal of the season against Scunthorpe United Gradel scored his 10th goal of the season against Bristol City. On 22 February, he scored his 11th and 12th goals of the season in the home fixture against Barnsley. Gradel's 13th and 14th goals of the season came in the same game in the 5–2 win against Doncaster Rovers. Gradel's impressive form for Leeds during the 2010–11 season earned special praise by manager Simon Grayson. On 2 April, Gradel scored his 15th and 16th goals of the season against Nottingham Forest. Gradel scored his 17th goal of the season against Derby County in Leeds' 2–1 loss. On 30 April, Gradel won Leeds' 2010–11 Player Of The Year Award and also the Players Player Of The Year Award at Leeds annual Player award ceremony. After winning the award Gradel announced that he wanted to stay at Leeds to help them reach the Premier League. Gradel also revealed he would like to extend his contract at Leeds. Gradel scored his 18th goal of the season in the final match in Leeds' 2–1 win against Queens Park Rangers. In the summer of 2011 Gradel was believed to have been interesting German club Hamburger SV. 2011–12 season With several clubs interested in Gradel and much speculation on his future, he confirmed on 24 July that he was looking to stay with Leeds. On 2 August, Gradel confirmed he wanted to stay at Leeds, but the club had yet to offer him a new contract. It was revealed on 4 August, Gradel would miss the League Cup match against Bradford City as he had been called up to the Ivorian squad. Gradel scored a late penalty in the first game of the 2011–12 season against Southampton, however it proved to be only a consolation goal as Leeds lost 3–1. Gradel was sent off early on for two bookable offences in a defeat against Middlesbrough; teammate Jonny Howson was also sent off for Leeds in the same match. Gradel came back into the starting lineup after serving his one match suspension against West Ham on 21 August, Gradel missed a penalty for Leeds in the same game. Gradel's final game for Leeds came in the 2–1 loss against Ipswich Town. Saint-Étienne On 30 August 2011, Gradel joined French club Saint-Étienne for an undisclosed fee, reported to be £3 million. He signed a four-year contract with the club. He was handed the number 9 shirt upon his arrival at the club. In the 2014–15 season, Gradel was Saint Etienne's top scorer in Ligue 1 with 17 goals, also providing three assists. Return to AFC Bournemouth On 4 August 2015, after a four-year spell in France, Gradel returned to England to join former side and Premier League newcomers Bournemouth on a four-year deal, for a reported fee of £7 million. As part of the deal Gradel's old club Leeds United received a percentage of the transfer fee due to a 10% sell on clause. On 29 August, Gradel tore a cruciate ligament in his knee during the match against Leicester City, with the injury ruling him out for around six months. On 27 February 2016, Gradel made his return to the team, coming on as a substitute in the 21st minute for Junior Stanislas in a 0–0 draw against Watford. Gradel scored his first goal after his return to the club in a 3–2 win over Swansea City on 12 March 2016. International career Gradel revealed that by moving to Leeds he was hoping to increase his international prospects to play for the Ivory Coast national team and maybe earn a place in their 2010 FIFA World Cup squad. He was called up to the Ivory Coast squad for the first time on 11 November 2010 for the fixture against Poland. On 21 March 2011, Gradel received his second call up to the squad, this time to face Benin in an Africa Cup of Nations qualifier. In June 2011, he was called up to the squad to face Benin on 5 June 2011. This match ended in a 6–2 win to Ivory Coast, in which Gradel came on in the 54th min to make his debut. On 4 August, it was revealed Gradel had been called up to the Ivory Coast squad to face Israel. He made his first start for Ivory Coast in the 4–3 win against Israel on 10 August 2011. Gradel was a part of the Ivory Coast squad that finished runner-up to Zambia at the 2012 Africa Cup of Nations and was also a member of les Éléphants 2014 FIFA World Cup squad, where he made one appearance in the 2–1 loss to Colombia. At the 2015 Africa Cup of Nations, Gradel scored an 86th-minute equaliser in a group match against Mali. Career statistics Club International Scores and results list Ivory Coast's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Gradel goal. HonoursLeicester CityFootball League One: 2008–09Leeds UnitedFootball League One runner-up: 2009–10Saint-ÉtienneCoupe de la Ligue: 2012–13SivassporTurkish Cup: 2021–22Ivory CoastAfrica Cup of Nations: 2015 ; runner-up: 2012Individual' Leeds United Fans' Player of The Year: 2010–11 Leeds United Players' Player of the Year: 2010–11 Africa Cup of Nations Team of the Tournament: 2015 References External links Max Gradel profile at the Leeds United website 1987 births Living people Sportspeople from Abidjan Ivorian footballers Ivorian expatriate footballers Ivorian expatriate sportspeople in England Ivorian expatriate sportspeople in France Ivorian expatriate sportspeople in Turkey Expatriate footballers in England Expatriate footballers in France Expatriate footballers in Turkey Association football midfielders Leicester City F.C. players AFC Bournemouth players Leeds United F.C. players AS Saint-Étienne players Toulouse FC players Sivasspor footballers Premier League players English Football League players Ligue 1 players Süper Lig players Ivory Coast international footballers 2012 Africa Cup of Nations players 2013 Africa Cup of Nations players 2014 FIFA World Cup players 2015 Africa Cup of Nations players 2017 Africa Cup of Nations players 2019 Africa Cup of Nations players 2021 Africa Cup of Nations players Africa Cup of Nations-winning players Footballers at the 2020 Summer Olympics Olympic footballers of Ivory Coast
17332447	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department%20of%20Main%20Roads%20%28New%20South%20Wales%29	Department of Main Roads (New South Wales)	The Department of Main Roads (DMR) was an agency of the New South Wales Government, responsible for planning, constructing and maintaining major road infrastructure. The DMR directly managed highways and major roads and provided funding to local councils for regional and local roads. The agency was merged with other agencies to form the Roads & Traffic Authority in 1989. History The Ministry of Transport was established in December 1932 by way of the Transport (Division of Functions) Act of 1932, following the dismissal of the Lang Government and the subsequent state election. The ministry consisted of three departments, including the Department of Main Roads and the Department of Road Transport & Tramways. The departments were established as the incoming Stevens Government and its Minister for Transport Michael Bruxner sought to reorganise the management of the road network in NSW. The new department essentially resumed the functions that had been held by the NSW Main Roads Board from 1925 until March 1932, when they were transferred to the Department of Transport by the Lang Government. The Transport (Division of Functions) Act of 1932 provided for the appointment of a Commissioner of Main Roads who held the powers necessary to manage the major highways of the state. Hugh Hamilton Newell was appointed as the first Commissioner. The new Department also took over the management of the newly constructed Sydney Harbour Bridge from the Public Works Department. In 1976 the responsibilities for managing traffic, including the operation of the traffic signal system, were transferred to the DMR from the Department of Motor Transport, which was a successor of Department of Road Transport and Tramways. Many specialist traffic management staff and traffic signal maintenance crews also became part of the DMR at this time. Pursuant to the Transport Administration Act 1988, the DMR merged with the Traffic Authority of New South Wales and the Department of Motor Transport to form the Roads & Traffic Authority on 16 January 1989. New South Wales Road Classification When formed, the DMR was responsible for managing 26,321 km of the major roads in NSW. These were formally classified as: State Highways Trunk Roads Main Roads Secondary Roads Developmental Roads By 1972 this network had grown to 43,292 km and by then also included some additional classifications: Freeways Tourist Roads Unclassified roads in the remote western parts of the State Local roads continued to managed by local councils. Organisation The Department of Main Roads was headed by a Commissioner who was a statutory appointment by the Minister for Roads. The department employed salaried staff who carried out planning, management and administrative tasks and day labour staff who undertook road and bridge works. For much of its existence the DMR undertook a significant proportion of its road and bridge construction and all its maintenance activities using its own labour force. It also operated major mechanical workshops, asphalt plants, spray sealing crews, road linemarking teams and materials testing laboratories. In 1932 the Department had a total employment of 2,425. By 1970, as tasks expanded, this number had grown to 11,497. In the later 1970s and through the 1980s successive waves of internal re-organisation led to more work being let out to contract with the total employment number dropping to 8,700 by the time the Department ceased to exist in 1989. List of Commissioners of Main Roads National Affiliations The Department of Main Roads became a member of Conference of State Road Authorities (COSRA) when that organisation was formed in 1934 and then, from 1959, the National Association of Australian State Road Authorities (NAASRA). When NAASRA was transformed into Austroads in 1989 the DMR's successor the Roads & Traffic Authority became a foundation member. Publication From 1929 until 1984, Main Roads was the DMR's inhouse journal that was published quarterly. References Aitkin, Don (1969). The Colonel: A political biography of Sir Michael Bruxner. Australian National University Press. . Terry, Michael (1945). Bulldozer: the War Role of the Department of Main Roads, New South Wales. Frank Johnson, Sydney. Notes External links History of Department of Main Roads - NSW State Archives & Records Main Roads Defunct transport organisations based in Australia History of transport in New South Wales 1932 establishments in Australia 1989 disestablishments in Australia
6901326	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dull%20Gret	Dull Gret	Dulle Griet (anglicized as Dull Gret), also known as Mad Meg, is a figure of Flemish folklore who is the subject of a 1563 oil-on-panel by Flemish renaissance artist Pieter Bruegel the Elder. The painting depicts a virago, Dulle Griet, who leads an army of women to pillage Hell, and is currently held and exhibited at the Museum Mayer van den Bergh in Antwerp. History and description A restoration of the painting in 2018 revealed that it was painted in 1563, shortly after the painter had moved to Brussels. Previously, the signature and the date on the painting had been illegible, and it was assumed that it was painted two years earlier, or, based on its close compositional and stylistic similarity to The Fall of the Rebel Angels and The Triumph of Death, one year earlier. Like those pictures, Dulle Griet owes much to Hieronymus Bosch. It is assumed the painting was destined for a series. Bruegel's earliest biographer, Karel van Mander, writing in 1604, described the painting as "Dulle Griet, who is looking at the mouth of Hell". It came into the collections of Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor, then was looted by the Swedish troops in 1648, and reappeared in Stockholm in 1800. Art collector Fritz Mayer van den Bergh discovered it in 1897 at an auction in Cologne, where he bought it for a minimal sum, discovering its actual author a few days later. Her mission refers to the Flemish proverb: She could plunder in front of hell and return unscathed. In the view of Max Seidel, Roger H. Marijnissen in their book 'Bruegel. Pt.2', Bruegel is making fun of noisy, aggressive women. At the same time he castigates the sin of covetousness: although already burdened down with possessions, Griet and her grotesque companions are prepared to storm the mouth of Hell itself in their search for more. It might also refer to something that is either stupid, or courageous, or both; implying that one who is dull or naive may have more courage and end up in trouble, though not succumbing but making the best of it. Could symbolize a woman defying hell and returning with treasure, a psychological analogy of working through troubles to become stronger and wiser; to enter into one's personal hell and overcome one's "demons" i.e. fears or trauma. Yet, the opinions may differ and are subjective. Griet was a disparaging name given to any bad-tempered, shrewish woman. In an incisive historical and critical interpretation of the painting, Margaret Sullivan concludes that in it Bruegel allegorizes the ideological zeitgeist’s “madness and folly.” She notes that “in the sixteenth century ‘dulle’ had two meanings. The first was ‘mad’ and the second (and older) meaning was ‘foolish’ or ‘stupid.’ ‘Griet’ as a female name communicated the idea of a fool. . . The name Margaret and its variants Margot, Magrite, Greta, Griet, etc., seemed to have acquired pejorative connotations throughout Northern Europe, making it an especially appropriate choice for the painting.” Dulle Griet appears as a character in Caryl Churchill's play Top Girls (1982), where she recounts her invasion of Hell: "I'd had enough, I was mad, I hate the bastards. I come out my front door that morning and shout till my neighbors come out and I said, 'Come on, we're going where the evil come from and pay the bastards out. (Churchill, 28). Details While her female followers loot a house, Griet advances towards the mouth of Hell through a landscape populated by Boschian monsters (see detailed images). They represent the sins that are punished there. Griet wears male armour — a breastplate, a mailed glove and a metal cap; her military costume is parodied by the monster in a helmet beside her, who pulls up a drawbridge. A knife hangs from her side, while in her right hand she carries a sword, which may refer to the saying: "He could go to Hell with a sword in his hand." A book of proverbs published in Antwerp in 1568 contains a saying which is very close in spirit to Bruegel's painting:One woman makes a din, two women a lot of trouble, three an annual market, four a quarrel, five an army, and against six the Devil himself has no weapon. Painting materials The pigment analysis was conducted by the scientists at the Ghent University. Bruegel used the cheap smalt for the robe of the central figure of Mad Meg instead of the more expensive ultramarine together with vermilion and copper resinate. Notes External links Dulle Griet at the Museum Mayer van den Bergh Bosch Bruegel Society 99 works by Pieter Bruegel the Elder Creative Bruegel laid the foundation of the Netherlands School (Russian) Pieter Bruegel the Elder, Mad Meg (Dulle Griet), ColourLex Paintings by Pieter Bruegel the Elder 1560s paintings European folklore characters Military art Dutch folklore Belgian folklore Fictional characters from Flanders Women in art Paintings in Antwerp
20468835	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block%20Drug	Block Drug	Block Drug Company was a pharmaceutical company based in Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States, that specialized in dental care products. Its most popular products included Polident denture cleanser, Poli-Grip denture adhesive, Dentu-Creme denture toothpaste, Nytol sleeping pill, Tegrin medicated shampoo for psoriasis, Lava hand soaps (acquired from Procter & Gamble), Beano and Phazyme anti-gas products, Balmex diaper rash ointments, and Sensodyne desensitizing toothpaste. GlaxoSmithKline purchased the company for $1.24 billion in 2001. History The company was founded in 1907 by Alexander Block, a Russian immigrant who had a small drugstore on Fulton Street in Brooklyn, New York. He turned the company into a wholesaler in 1915, then became a drug manufacturer in 1925, acquiring a 50 percent interest in Wernet's Dental Manufacturing Company. Block Drug moved its headquarters to Jersey City, New Jersey in 1938. Although Alexander Block built the company largely through acquisitions, he developed the Polident brand internally during the 1930s. In 1948, Block Drug rolled out the Ammi-i-Dent tooth powder, and in the early 1950s, the company developed Nytol. After Alexander Block's death in 1953, his son Leonard N. Block (1911–2005) took over, eventually becoming the company's chairman. The last major new product the company introduced was Tegrin, in 1964. Timeline 1971 – The company went public, trading on NASDAQ under the ticker symbol BLOCA and raising $5.2 million in its initial offering. Two years later, another stock sale generated $23 million. Later in the 1970s, Efferdent took over from Polident as the No. 1 brand in its space. 1972 – Block named as its president James Block, who was the grandson of Alexander Block and the nephew of Leonard N. Block. In 1988, James became chairman as his uncle, Leonard N. Block became senior chairman. At the same time, Leonard N. Block's son, Thomas, became the company's president. 1978 – Block Drug entered the feminine hygiene market, with the ultimately unsuccessful Gentle Spring brand. 1982 – The company acquired Phazyme/700 from the Stuart division of ICI, leading to the OTC entrance of Phazyme. 1983 – The company acquired Passaic, New Jersey-based 2000 Flushes toilet bowl cleaner manufacturer Flushco. In 1985, Block Drug acquired the X-14 line of hard surface cleaners from White Laboratories. Block Drug later acquired Gold Bond in 1987. 1990s – Sales began to fall as Block Drug's products began to age and face new competition, and the problem was exacerbated by a lack of new products. 1990 – Block Drug sold Gold Bond to Martin Himmel Inc.. 1995 – Block Drug divested its U.S. Reed and Carnrick Pharmaceuticals Division to Schwarz Pharma KermersUrban and also purchased Reckitt and Colman's Carpet Fresh and Rug Fresh cleaning and deodorizing products. Late 1995 – The company acquired the Lava soap brand from Procter & Gamble. 1996 – Block Drug purchased the Baby's Own line of baby care products, and then acquired Beano antigas tablets in 1997. 1998 – A major restructuring took place but was not successful. As part of that, the company divested Carpet Fresh, Rug Fresh, 2000 Flushes and X-14. Lava was later sold to WD-40 Company the following year. 1999 – The company acquired Salisbury, N.C.-based Stanback Co., manufacturer of Stanback headache powder products. 2000 – Block Drug hired Goldman Sachs as an adviser to evaluate a potential sale. 2001 – At the time of its sale to Glaxo, Block Drug was reported to have $900 million in annual sales, operations in 100 countries and employed 3,000 people. Secrecy Although Block Drug was a public company from 1971 until 2001, it operated much like a private, family-run firm, with the Block family holding all voting shares plus 54 percent of the non-voting stock. In addition, the company never held annual meetings or issued proxy statements. Aftermath Leonard N. Block died in 2005 at age 93 after suffering for years from Alzheimer's disease. Block's nephew John P. Roberts was the producer of the Woodstock Festival using money from his Block inheritance. References Companies based in Jersey City, New Jersey Pharmaceutical companies established in 1907 Companies formerly listed on the Nasdaq Pharmaceutical companies disestablished in 2001 GSK plc Pharmaceutical companies based in New Jersey Retail companies established in 1907 Retail companies disestablished in 2001 1907 establishments in New York (state) 2001 disestablishments in New Jersey 2001 mergers and acquisitions
44499918	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World%20record%20progression%20track%20cycling%20%E2%80%93%20Men%27s%20flying%20500%20m%20time%20trial	World record progression track cycling – Men's flying 500 m time trial	This is an overview of the progression of the world track cycling record of the men's 500 m flying start as recognised by the Union Cycliste Internationale. Progression Professionals (1955–1992) Amateurs (1954–1990) Open (from 1988) References Track cycling world record progressions
6901338	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natolin%20metro%20station	Natolin metro station	Metro Natolin is a station on Line M1 of the Warsaw Metro, located in the Natolin neighbourhood of the Ursynów district in the south of Warsaw at the junction of Aleja KEN and Belgradzka. It is near Galeria Ursynów, a small local shopping centre and a local shopping street. The station was opened on 7 April 1995 as part of the inaugural stretch of the Warsaw Metro, between Kabaty and Politechnika. References External links Warsaw Metro stations Railway stations opened in 1995 1995 establishments in Poland
44499923	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suillellus%20pictiformis	Suillellus pictiformis	Suillellus pictiformis is a species of bolete fungus found in North America. It was originally described by American mycologist William Alphonso Murrill in 1943. References External links pictiformis Fungi described in 1943 Fungi of North America Taxa named by William Alphonso Murrill
6901339	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volc%C3%A1n%20Ipala	Volcán Ipala	Volcán Ipala is a stratovolcano in south-eastern Guatemala. It has a wide summit crater which contains a crater lake (Lake Ipala), whose surface lies about below the crater rim. Volcán Ipala is part of a cluster of small stratovolcanoes and cinder cone fields in south-eastern Guatemala. See also List of volcanoes in Guatemala References Mountains of Guatemala Volcano Stratovolcanoes of Guatemala
20468868	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS%20Matanzas%20%28AVP-46%29	USS Matanzas (AVP-46)	USS Matanzas (AVP-46) was a proposed United States Navy seaplane tender that was never laid down. Construction and commissioning Matanzas was to have been one of 41 Barnegat-class small seaplane tenders the U.S. Navy planned to commission during the early 1940s, and was to have been built at Houghton, Washington, by the Lake Washington Shipyard. However, by the spring of 1943 the Navy deemed that number of seaplane tenders excess to requirements, and decided to complete four of them as motor torpedo boat tenders and one as a catapult training ship. In addition, the Navy also decided to cancel six of the Barnegat-class ships prior to their construction, freeing up the diesel engines that would have powered them for use in escort vessels and amphibious landing craft. A contract with Lake Washington Shipyard for AVP-46's construction was let on 14 April 1942, and she was assigned the name Magothy on 23 August 1942. However, she became one of the final two ships to be cancelled when the Navy cancelled the contract on 29 April 1943 before construction could begin. References NavSource Online: Service Ship Photo Archive Small Seaplane Tender (AVP) Index Cancelled ships of the United States Navy Barnegat-class seaplane tenders Ships built at Lake Washington Shipyard
17332482	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruaraka%20Sports%20Club%20Ground	Ruaraka Sports Club Ground	The Ruaraka Sports Club Ground is one of several cricket venues in Nairobi accredited with full ODI status. This ground played host to the 1994 ICC Trophy final and was one of several grounds used during the 2007 World Cricket League Division one matches played in Kenya. List of Centuries One Day Internationals References Cricinfo ground profile Google Maps Kenyan club cricket teams Sport in Nairobi Cricket grounds in Kenya
20468926	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph%20Freeman%20%28politician%29	Joseph Freeman (politician)	Joseph Freeman (29 November 1765 – 8 May 1837) was a seaman, merchant and political figure in Nova Scotia. He represented the Liverpool Township from 1811 to 1820 and Queens County from 1820 to 1837 in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly. He was the son of Joseph Freeman, who came to Nova Scotia from New England. Freeman commanded a number of British vessels during wars with France and Spain, as well as during the War of 1812. As a merchant, he was involved in the fishing trade and trade with the West Indies. Freeman also served as a justice in the Inferior Court of Common Pleas for Queen's County. His son Snow P. Freeman also served in the provincial assembly. His daughter Elizabeth married James Ratchford DeWolf. References More, James F The History of Queens County, N.S (1972) 1765 births 1839 deaths Nova Scotia pre-Confederation MLAs
6901340	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006%20Progressive%20Democrats%20leadership%20election	2006 Progressive Democrats leadership election	The Progressive Democrats leadership election, 2006 began on 7 September 2006 when Mary Harney resigned as leader of the Progressive Democrats. In spite of speculation earlier in the year surrounding her position as leader, Harney's announcement surprised many. She had been leader of the party since 1993. Election procedure According to the party's constitution, if there is just one candidate for the leadership of the Progressive Democrats, this person will be elected leader by acclamation. If several candidates put their names forward, the next leader will be determined by an electoral college. Each member of this college will have one vote, but these votes will be weighed according to which group they belong to. TDs, Senators and MEPs will form the first group which represent 40% of the votes. Councillors, national executive members and trustees of the party will form the second group which represent 30% of the votes. The third group contains party members for more than one year prior to the date of the leadership election. This group represent 30% of the votes. Candidates Nominations for the leadership closed on midday Monday, 11 September 2006. Michael McDowell was nominated for the position of Party Leader by Tom Parlon and that nomination is to be seconded by Liz O'Donnell. Result Despite speculation of differences, Michael McDowell was elected unopposed, and remained in office until he resigned on losing his seat in the 2007 general election. Timeline of events Summer 2005 – Michael McDowell claims that Mary Harney told him that she would stand down as leader of the Progressive Democrats in December 2005. 20 June 2006 – Following a week of media leaks and comment surrounding Mary Harney, Michael McDowell forces a debate on the leadership issue at a meeting of the Progressive Democrats parliamentary party. Harney receives unanimous support from the party, however, the whole affair is highly damaging to the party. 4 September 2006 – Harney arrives back in Ireland following a holiday with her husband. She convenes a meeting of the Progressive Democrats parliamentary party for the following Thursday. 6 September 2006 – At their weekly face-to-face talks Harney informs Taoiseach Bertie Ahern that she is standing down as leader of her party. 7 September 2006 – Harney phones Progressive Democrats party chairman, John Dardis, to inform him of her decision to stand down. At 3pm Harney tells the parliamentary party that she is retiring as party leader. 8 September 2006 – Minister of State Tom Parlon, who earlier said that an agreed candidate for leader would be best for the party, retracts his statement and now says that a leadership contest would be best for the party. Although no candidate has yet formally launched a campaign, former party member Bobby Molloy favours Michael McDowell as the next leader. 11 September 2006 – Deadline for close of nominations for leadership, Michael McDowell returned unopposed 27 September 2006 – Dáil Éireann returns after its summer recess. References 2006 elections in the Republic of Ireland 2006 in Irish politics Progressive Democrats Political party leadership elections in the Republic of Ireland Indirect elections Progressive Democrats leadership election
23576552	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/83rd%20Academy%20Awards	83rd Academy Awards	The 83rd Academy Awards ceremony, organized by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS), honored the best films of 2010 in the United States and took place on February 27, 2011, at the Kodak Theatre in Hollywood, Los Angeles beginning at 5:30 p.m. PST (8:30 p.m. EST). During the ceremony, Academy Awards (commonly called the Oscars) were presented in 24 competitive categories. The ceremony was televised in the United States by ABC, and produced by Bruce Cohen and Don Mischer, with Mischer also serving as director. Actors James Franco and Anne Hathaway co-hosted the ceremony, marking the first time for each. In related events, the Academy held its second annual Governors Awards ceremony at the Grand Ballroom of the Hollywood and Highland Center on November 13, 2010. On February 12, 2011, in a ceremony at the Beverly Wilshire Hotel in Beverly Hills, California, the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Marisa Tomei. The King's Speech won four awards, including Best Picture. Other winners included Inception with four awards, The Social Network with three, Alice in Wonderland, The Fighter, and Toy Story 3 with two, and Black Swan, God of Love, In a Better World, Inside Job, The Lost Thing, Strangers No More, and The Wolfman with one. The telecast garnered almost 38 million viewers in the United States. Winners and nominees The nominees for the 83rd Academy Awards were announced on January 25, 2011, at 5:38 a.m. PST at the Samuel Goldwyn Theater in Beverly Hills, California by Tom Sherak, president of the Academy, and actress Mo'Nique. The King's Speech led the nominations with twelve, followed by True Grit with ten. The winners were announced during the awards ceremony on February 27, 2011. Toy Story 3 became the third animated film to be nominated for Best Picture. True Grit was the second film after 2002's Gangs of New York to lose all ten of its nominations. By virtue of his nomination for Best Actor in 127 Hours, host James Franco became the first person since Paul Hogan, who was a co-host and a Best Original Screenplay nominee during the 59th ceremony in 1987, to host the ceremony while receiving a nomination in the same year. He was also the first acting nominee since Michael Caine at the 45th ceremony in 1973 to achieve this distinction. With Christian Bale and Melissa Leo's respective wins in the Best Supporting Actor and Best Supporting Actress categories, The Fighter became the first film since 1986's Hannah and Her Sisters to win both supporting acting categories. Awards Winners are listed first, highlighted in boldface, and indicated with a double-dagger (). Honorary Academy Awards The Academy held its Second Annual Governors Awards ceremony on November 13, 2010, during which the following awards were presented. Academy Honorary Award Kevin Brownlow For the wise and devoted chronicling of the cinematic parade. Jean-Luc Godard For passion. For confrontation. For a new kind of cinema. Eli Wallach For a lifetime's worth of indelible screen characters. Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award Francis Ford Coppola Films with multiple nominations and awards The following 14 films received multiple nominations: The following six films received multiple awards: Presenters and performers The following individuals presented awards or performed musical numbers. Presenters Performers Ceremony information In June 2010, the AMPAS hired Oscar-winning producer Bruce Cohen and veteran television producer Don Mischer to oversee production of the telecast. "I'm absolutely ecstatic that Bruce and Don have accepted my invitation to produce and direct the 83rd Academy Awards telecast," remarked Academy president Tom Sherak. "Their work in producing the Academy's inaugural Governors Awards was exceptional and I am confident they will bring their creative vision and extraordinary talent to produce/direct a most memorable Oscar show." Although the prior ceremony hosted by Alec Baldwin and Steve Martin had the highest ratings in five years, their combined age was 116 years and the producers wanted to focus on a younger demographic. The unofficial first choice was Justin Timberlake but he declined, feeling it was at least a year too early for him. Opting for younger faces for the ceremony, Cohen and Mischer hired actor James Franco and actress Anne Hathaway as co-hosts of the 2011 ceremony. "James Franco and Anne Hathaway personify the next generation of Hollywood icons — fresh, exciting and multi-talented. We hope to create an Oscar broadcast that will both showcase their incredible talents and entertain the world on February 27," said Cohen and Mischer regarding their selections to host the gala. "We are completely thrilled that James and Anne will be joining forces with our brilliant creative team to do just that." Franco and Hathaway became the first male-female duo to co-host the awards show since comedian Jerry Lewis and actress Celeste Holm presided over the 29th ceremony in 1957. At age 28, Hathaway was also the youngest person to host an Oscar ceremony. Furthermore, AMPAS announced that this year's ceremony was "the most interactive awards show in history". The Academy revamped their official website oscar.com to include lists of all the nominees and winners, as well as film trailers and exclusive video content produced by both AMPAS and Oscar telecaster ABC. Also, via the Academy's Twitter and Facebook pages, people could post questions for any actor or celebrity attending the festivities to answer. One of the four Oscar pre-show co-hosts would then pose selected questions to both nominees and attendees alike. For a fee of US$4.99, users had online access to two dozen video streams that would take them from the red carpet, through the ceremony and on to the post-telecast Governors Ball. Several of the cameras utilized 360-degree views that viewers could direct. Several other people participated in the production of the ceremony. For a younger writer, France consulted Judd Apatow, who suggested Jordan Rubin who brought in Megan Amram. William Ross served as musical director and conductor for the ceremony. Production designer Steve Bass built a new stage design for the ceremony. Entertainment Weekly columnist and TV personality Dave Karger greeted guests entering the red carpet. Designer Marc Friedland designed a new envelope heralding the winner of each category made from a high-gloss iridescent metallic gold paper stock, with red-lacquered lining that featured the Oscar statuette stamped in satin gold leaf. During the run-up to the ceremony, television personality Chris Harrison hosted "Road to the Oscars", a weekly behind-the-scenes video blog. Ben Mankiewicz hosted the official ABC pre-show, giving professional betting odds for the winners. PS22 Chorus children's choir performed "Over the Rainbow" from The Wizard of Oz at the end of the ceremony. According to Rubin, Hathaway was heavily involved during the month of preparation. Franco on the other hand was busy shooting movies, while teaching a class and getting both his masters and his PhD. When filming started, Hathaway was focused and determined while Franco was more laid back, causing friction. In the closing weeks, Franco went back to Apatow who hired four additional writers; in response, Hathaway brought in Liz Feldman. This resulted last-minute scrambling. According to Amram, "[a] lot of stuff that made it into the show was written a few days beforehand." Franco immediately left after the show ended, catching a flight to make a morning seminar on medieval manuscripts at Yale. Box office performance of nominated films For the second consecutive year, the field of major nominees included at least one blockbuster at the American and Canadian box offices. However, only three of the nominees had grossed over $100 million before the nominations were announced, compared with five from the previous year. The combined gross of the ten Best Picture nominees when the Oscars were announced was $1.2 billion, the second-highest ever behind 2009. The average gross was $119.3 million. Two of the ten Best Picture nominees were among the top ten releases in box office during the nominations. At the time of the announcement of nominations on January 25, Toy Story 3 was the highest-grossing film among the Best Picture nominees with $414.9 million in domestic box office receipts. The only other top ten box office hit to receive a nomination was Inception which earned $292.5 million. Among the remaining eight nominees, True Grit was the next-highest-grossing film with $137.9 million followed by The Social Network ($95.4 million), Black Swan ($83.2 million), The Fighter ($72.6 million), The King's Speech ($57.3 million), The Kids Are All Right ($20.8 million), 127 Hours ($11.2 million), and finally Winter's Bone ($6.2 million). Of the top 50 grossing movies of the year, 55 nominations went to 15 films on the list. Only Toy Story 3 (1st), Inception (5th), How to Train Your Dragon (9th), True Grit (17th), The Social Network (29th), The Town (32nd), Black Swan (38th), and The Fighter (45th) were nominated for directing, acting, screenwriting, Best Picture or Animated Feature. The other top-50 box office hits that earned nominations were Alice in Wonderland (2nd), Iron Man 2 (3rd), Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows — Part 1 (6th), Tangled (10th), Tron: Legacy (12th), Salt (21st), and Unstoppable (39th). Critical reviews The show received a negative reception from most media publications. According to writer Bruce Vilanch, the crowd enjoyed the starting short film, but when Franco and Hathaway came on stage, it shifted. According to Rubin, Hathaway "was embracing their arrival on stage" while Franco was filming the crowd on his phone. Mara Reinstein of The Ringer said there was no single moment of failure but described the broadcast as "death by a thousand paper cuts." Film critic Roger Ebert said, "Despite the many worthy nominated films, the Oscarcast was painfully dull, slow, witless, and hosted by the ill-matched James Franco and Anne Hathaway. She might have made a delightful foil for another partner, but Franco had a deer-in-the-headlights manner and read his lines robotically." He went on to praise the winners of the night, but he ended his review with the words, "Dead. In. The. Water." Writer David Wild called it "the world's most uncomfortable blind date between the cool rocker stoner kid and the adorable theater camp cheerleader." Television critic Tim Goodman of The Hollywood Reporter commented, "In what could go down as one of the worst Oscar telecasts in history, a bad and risky idea — letting two actors host — played out in spectacularly unwatchable fashion on the biggest of all nights for the film world." He also added, "These Oscars were a bore-fest that seemed to drag on relentlessly but listlessly." Gail Pennington of the St. Louis Post-Dispatch wrote that the ceremony "felt a little like a bad night on Saturday Night Live — awkward, slow and not particularly entertaining." Regarding the hosts, she quipped that Hathaway "at least tried", but she remarked, "Franco seemed half asleep, or possibly stoned." Some media outlets received the broadcast more positively. Entertainment Weekly television critic Ken Tucker stated that the show was "Funny, poised, relaxed, and smart, Anne Hathaway and James Franco made for marvelous Oscar hosts. Their combination of respect and informality struck the right tone for the night, a happily surprising production that had its share of fine moments both planned and ad-libbed." On the overall aspect of the ceremony, they concluded "all in all, it was a fun, briskly paced night." Mary McNamara from the Los Angeles Times commented, "The two seemed to be following the directive to "first do no harm," as if they knew they couldn't score as big as Jimmy Fallon did with the Emmy Awards, but were determined to avoid becoming morning show fodder like Ricky Gervais was after this year's Golden Globes. The result was a show that moved along, with a few draggy bits and high notes, like precisely what it was: a very long and fancy awards show." Her review further said "Overall, the evening had an oddly business-like feel, a mind-numbing evenness that was exacerbated by the relentless predictability of the winners, and the fact that none of the acting winners were played off no matter how long their "thank-yous" went." Ratings and reception The American telecast on ABC drew in an average of 37.9 million people over its length, which was a 9% decrease from the previous year's ceremony. An estimated 71.3 million total viewers watched all or part of the awards. The show also drew lower Nielsen ratings compared to the two previous ceremonies, with 21.2% of households watching over a 33 share. In addition, the program scored an 11.8 rating over a 30 share among the 18–49 demographic, which was a 12 percent decrease over last year's demographic numbers. In Memoriam The In Memoriam tribute, which featured Celine Dion performing the Charlie Chaplin song "Smile", paid tribute to the following individuals. John Barry – Composer Grant McCune – Visual effects Tony Curtis – Actor Edward Limato – Agent Tom Mankiewicz – Writer Gloria Stuart – Actress William A. Fraker – Cinematographer Joseph Strick – Director Lionel Jeffries – Actor Sally Menke – Editor Ronni Chasen – Publicist Leslie Nielsen – Actor Robert B. Radnitz – Producer Claude Chabrol – Director Pete Postlethwaite – Actor Bill Littlejohn – Animator Pierre Guffroy – Art director Patricia Neal – Actress George Hickenlooper – Director Irving Ravetch – Writer Robert Culp – Actor Robert F. Boyle – Art director Mario Monicelli – Director Lynn Redgrave – Actress Elliott Kastner – Producer Dede Allen – Editor Peter Yates – Producer, director Anne Francis – Actress Arthur Penn – Producer, director Theoni Aldredge – Costume designer Susannah York – Actress Ronald Neame – Director David L. Wolper – Producer Jill Clayburgh – Actress Alan Hume – Cinematographer Irvin Kershner – Director Dennis Hopper – Actor Dino De Laurentiis – Producer Blake Edwards – Writer, director Kevin McCarthy – Actor Lena Horne – Singer, actress At the end of the montage, Halle Berry paid special tribute to Horne and introduced a film clip of her singing the titular song from the film Stormy Weather. See also 17th Screen Actors Guild Awards 31st Golden Raspberry Awards 31st Brit Awards 53rd Annual Grammy Awards 63rd Primetime Emmy Awards 64th British Academy Film Awards 35th Laurence Olivier Awards 65th Tony Awards 68th Golden Globe Awards List of submissions to the 83rd Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film References External links Official sites Academy Awards Official website The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences Official website Oscar's Channel at YouTube (run by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences) News resources Oscars 2011 BBC Academy Awards coverage CNN Oscars 2011 The Guardian Analysis 2010 Academy Awards Winners and History Filmsite Academy Awards, USA: 2011 Internet Movie Database Other resources Academy Awards ceremonies 2010 film awards 2011 in Los Angeles 2011 in American cinema 2011 awards in the United States February 2011 events in the United States Television shows directed by Don Mischer
23576557	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichocentrum%20luridum	Trichocentrum luridum	Trichocentrum luridum is a species of orchid found from Mexico, Belize, Central America to northern South America. References External links luridum Orchids of Central America Orchids of Belize Orchids of Mexico Orchids of South America
17332518	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marisa%20Sannia	Marisa Sannia	Marisa Sannia (February 15, 1947 in Iglesias, Sardinia, Italy – April 14, 2008 in Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy) was an Italian singer from the island of Sardinia. She started her career with success in pop music in the sixties. She later became an interpreter of songs, composer, an actress and then finally an artistic researcher. She is primarily noted for being a singer in the Sardinian language, her native tongue. Sannia died in Cagliari at the age of 61 on April 14, 2008. Biography Having been a basketball player with good level in Cus Cagliari (which also called the national), Marisa Sannia began her musical career in the early sixties, winning a competition for new items that allowed her to get a record deal with the Cetra Fonit. Her talent was spotted by Sergio Endrigo and Luis Enriquez Bacalov that sought to tap into composing a piece for her debut recording "All or nothing" and promoting its participation in 1967, on television as "Scala Reale" and "Settevoci". The recognition received by the television appearances allowed her to participate the same year two musicarelli: "Kids of yellow flag", "Stasera mi butto", alongside Giancarlo Giannini. After a few small successes (A postcard, Be proud of me - award of record criticism), and participation in Festivalbar 1967 where she ranked in the third round for young artists, Sannia achieved wide popularity in 1968 when she finished second in the Sanremo Music Festival with the song "Casa Bianca", written by Don Backy and sung along with Ornella Vanoni, who became a great success, so as to be inserted in the soundtrack of the film "Alfredo Alfredo", by Pietro Germi. After the success Sanremo, Sannia published her first album. Followed by several successful songs: "A tear", "the company" (composed by Carlo Donida and Mogol and resumed in 1976 by Lucio Battisti and then in 2007 by Vasco Rossi), "Love is a dove", "How sweet the evening tonight" and "my land". Sannia also worked in film and participated in various events such as singing Canzonissima (1972, inter alia with a song by Nino Tristan, "A Kite"), the International Festival of Light Music of Venice, A Song for Europe in Switzerland and again in 1970 in San Remo in 1971 and 1984. In the early seventies she devoted herself to theater by participating in two musicals (Cain and Abel and stories suburbs) very successful alongside Tony Cucchiara and in some work directed by Giorgio Albertazzi. Still under the wing of Sergio Endrigo, she also participated in the album The Ark, a collection of songs by Vinicius de Moraes dedicated to children. In 1973 she published a disc with songs taken from the Walt Disney movie entitled Sannia Wonderland. In 1976 her first songwriting collection was published with the interesting title "The pasta sheet". In the early eighties Sannia also appeared in television drama "George Sand" with Albertazzi, Anna Proclemer and Paola Borboni and participated in the film by Pupi Avati "Help me to dream". In 1984 she returned to Sanremo with "love Love" that followed a long period of isolation from the scene. In 1993 she returned with a disc in the Sardinian language in which the verses of music Antioco Casula, Sardinian poet active in the first half of the twentieth century, entitled . Sannia later returned to the theater with Albertazzi in "memories of Adriano" - Portrait of an entry of 1995. In 1997 recorded the new disc Melagranàda in collaboration with the contemporary poet writer Francesco Masala in a collection from the Poesias in duas limbas. In 2002 she participated in "songs for you", a tribute to Sergio Endrigo, interpreting "Hands holes". In 2003 she published a third collection in the Sardinian language, and "Nanas and Janas", with new words and music written by herself. This research is poetic and musical recital summarized in "Songs between two languages on the way of poetry" presented in important exhibitions in Italy and abroad as The Night of the Poets all'anfiteatro Nora Roman, at Taormina Film Festival and as part of the exhibition Rome Meets the World . In January 2006 she took part in the concert tribute to Sergio Endrigo, entitled "Hello Poet" and collected in a CD / DVD, which interprets "The White Rose" and "How ever tonight." Her last work, posthumously published and distributed (Felmay - Egea distributions) in November 2008 (preview Premio Tenco) and Sannia "Rosa de papel" is dedicated to the life and poetry of Federico García Lorca. This is a collection of 12 songs, and is particularly dear to the singer/Songwriter who has put to music the poems of the great poet of youth. Among the songs are some real musical gems as: "El nino mudo", "Rosa de papel", "Laberytos y espeyos", "Hi cerrado my balcon". She also won the Festival della Canzone d'Autore for Children. Sannia was interested in the work of other artists. And some of her own compositions have been covered also in Spain by the singer Ester Formosa. Due to a sudden and serious illness Sannia died April 14, 2008. In August 2008, the "Maria Carta" award was established in her memory. In January 2009, the artist Maria Lai dedicated an exhibition of her works to Sannia. Discography Marisa Sannia (Fonit Cetra, 1968) Marisa Sannia canta Sergio Endrigo e le sue canzoni (CGD, 1970) Marisa nel paese delle meraviglie (EMI Italiana, 1973) La pasta scotta (CBS, 1976) (Tekno Record, 1993) Melagranàda (Nar, 1997) Nanas e janas (Nar, 2003). Rosa de papel (Felmay) (2008) Filmography 1967 - I ragazzi di Bandiera Gialla, directed by Mariano Laurenti References External links Official website www.sannia.it 1947 births 2008 deaths People from the Province of South Sardinia Music in Sardinia 20th-century Italian women singers 21st-century Italian women singers Sardinian women
20468935	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lefkowitz%20v.%20Great%20Minneapolis%20Surplus%20Store%2C%20Inc	Lefkowitz v. Great Minneapolis Surplus Store, Inc	Lefkowitz v. Great Minneapolis Surplus Store, Inc 86 NW 2d 689 (Minn, 1957) is an American contract law case. It concerns the distinction between an offer and an invitation to offer. The case held that a clear, definite, explicit and non-negotiable advertisement constitutes an offer, acceptance of which creates a binding contract. Furthermore, it held that an advertisement which did not clarify the terms of its bargains, such as with fine print, could not then be modified with arbitrary house rules. Facts Great Minneapolis Surplus Store published an advertisement that said: Saturday 9 A.M. Sharp 3 Brand New Fur Coats Worth to $100.00. First Come First Served $1 Each. On April 13, they published another advertisement in the same newspaper, as follows. Saturday 9 A.M. 2 Brand New Pastel Mink 3-Skin Scarfs Selling for $89.50 Out they go Saturday. Each ... $1.00 1 Black Lapin Stole Beautiful, worth $139.50 ... $1.00 First Come First Served Mr. Lefkowitz was the first person to come on the Saturday after seeing the advertisement. He said he was ready to pay $1. But each time the store owner refused to sell, saying there was a "house rule" that it was for women only. The same advertisement was published the next week, and he arrived again. He was told that he knew the house rules and he would not get the coat. Judgment Justice William P. Murphy (judge) held that the advertisement constituted an offer, which could not be withdrawn. He described the facts and gave his decision as follows. See also English contract law References United States contract case law
17332539	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20King%20Covell%20III%20House	William King Covell III House	The William King Covell III House, originally Villa Edna but now known as the Sanford-Covell Villa Marina, is historic house at 72 Washington Street in Newport, Rhode Island. The house is a -story wood-frame structure, with a mansard roof and restrained Second Empire styling. It was designed by Emerson & Fehmer of Boston, and built in 1870 for M. H. Sanford as a summer residence. Its interior, in marked contrast to its exterior, is lavishly decorated with woodwork and stencilwork. William King Covell II bought the house in 1896 and it has remained in his family until this day. It is currently owned by Anne Ramsey Cuvelier, the great granddaughter of William King Covell II, who uses it for a bed and breakfast business. Lizzie Borden, a family friend who stood trial for murder, stayed with the Covell family after her acquittal in the summer of 1893. She stayed at the winter home of the Covell family on Farewell Street where the famous photo of her on the porch was taken. It is assumed that she also spent some time at 72 Washington Street. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. See also National Register of Historic Places listings in Newport County, Rhode Island References External links Web site Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Rhode Island Houses in Newport, Rhode Island Historic American Buildings Survey in Rhode Island National Register of Historic Places in Newport, Rhode Island
20468954	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takami%20Dam	Takami Dam	Takami Dam is a dam in Hokkaidō, Japan. It has an electrical generation output of 200MW. History The dam was constructed to control flooding of the Shizunai River and also to generate electricity. It was constructed by Kajima, Aoki Corporation, and Chizaki Kogyo Construction. It was completed in 1983. Power generation commenced in July 1983. A second power generation unit was completed in April 1993. Characteristics The dam is approximately 120 metres high and 435 metres long. The electrical generation output is 200MW. Power is supplied to the Hokkaido Electric Power Company. References 1983 establishments in Japan Dams in Hokkaido Dams completed in 1983 Shinhidaka, Hokkaido
44499951	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/17th%20General%20Assembly%20of%20Newfoundland	17th General Assembly of Newfoundland	The members of the 17th General Assembly of Newfoundland were elected in the Newfoundland general election held in November 1893. The general assembly sat from 1894 to 1897. The Liberal Party led by William Whiteway formed the government. The Tory Party filed petitions against 15 Liberals including Whiteway and James Murray, an independent, alleging corrupt practices during the election; the results of those elections were set aside. The Tory Party temporarily held the majority and formed a government led by Augustus F. Goodridge in 1894. Following the by-elections, the Liberals regained the majority and formed a government led by Daniel J. Greene. After Whiteway won re-election in a by-election, he became Premier again. George Emerson was chosen as speaker. Sir Terence O'Brien served as colonial governor of Newfoundland until 1895, when he was replaced by Sir Herbert Harley Murray. On December 8, 1894, London banks suspended credit to the Commercial Bank of Newfoundland and requested payment on some of its loans. The bank was unable to meet these obligations and requested its merchant customers to repay their loans; the merchants, themselves financially strapped, were unable to comply. On October 10, known as Black Monday, the Commercial Bank closed. This caused a run by customers on the two remaining banks, the Union Bank of Newfoundland and the Savings Bank of Newfoundland. The Savings Bank was able to cash a large cheque at the Union Bank, but the Union Bank was subsequently forced to close. Neither of the two closed banks would ever reopen. This resulted in the devaluation of Newfoundland's currency, the shutdown of many businesses and widespread unemployment in the colony. Early in 1895, banks from Canada opened branches in Newfoundland to fill the void. The value of the Newfoundland dollar was set to the same value as the Canadian dollar. Members of the Assembly The following members were elected to the assembly in 1893: Notes: By-elections By-elections were held to replace members for various reasons: Notes: References Terms of the General Assembly of Newfoundland and Labrador
17332544	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General%20Federation%20of%20Women%27s%20Clubs%20Headquarters	General Federation of Women's Clubs Headquarters	The General Federation of Women's Clubs Headquarters, also known as the Miles Mansion, is a social clubhouse headquarters in Washington, D.C. Built as a private residence in 1875, it has served as the headquarters of the General Federation of Women's Clubs (GFWC) since 1922. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1991 for its association with the federation, which serves as an umbrella organization for women's clubs, a social movement dating to the mid-19th century. Tours of the headquarters, available by appointment, provide information about the activities of the GFWC and several historic rooms, including the 1734 entryway, the Julia Ward Howe Drawing Room, the dining room, music room and the GFWC International President's office. The headquarters also features changing exhibits of art, photographs and artifacts from its collections. Description and building history The GFWC headquarters is located southeast of Dupont Circle, on the south side of N Street between St. Matthew's Court and 17th Street. It is a four-story masonry structure, built out of ashlar stone in a Renaissance Revival style. The entrance is in a slightly raised basement level, sheltered by a splayed glass and iron marquee with supporting ironwork brackets. The main floor windows are elongated, with paired casement windows topped by transoms, and keystoned lintels. A polygonal bay projects from the first two floors on the left, and a shallower rectangular one projects to the right of the entrance; both are topped by lower balustrades. The interior has been adapted for the GFWC's use, but retains some original finishes. The house was built in 1875 by Rear Admiral William Radford, at a time when the Dupont Circle area was being developed as a fashionable residential neighborhood. In 1895 he sold the house to the state of Massachusetts, which gave it to General Nelson A. Miles in recognition for his military service. It was next owned by John Jay White, a big-game hunter who traveled with Theodore Roosevelt, and who commissioned the murals by Albert Herter that adorn some of its walls. In 1922 the house was purchased by the GFWC for use as its headquarters, a role it continues to play today. The GFWC represents the culmination of smaller-scale women's organizations that sprang up in the 19th century, generally to improve the conditions for working and single women. It was the first nationwide organization of this type, enabling a broader scope of influence by these local and regional organizations. See also List of National Historic Landmarks in Washington, D.C. National Register of Historic Places listings in the upper NW Quadrant of Washington, D.C. References External links General Federation of Women's Clubs web site National Historic Landmarks in Washington, D.C. Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Washington, D.C. Clubhouses on the National Register of Historic Places in Washington, D.C. Dupont Circle Renaissance Revival architecture in Washington, D.C. Historic house museums in Washington, D.C. Women's museums in the United States Women's club buildings Women in Washington, D.C.
44499955	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodes%20Cooper	Rhodes Cooper	Harry Rhodes Cooper (1925–2009) was Dean of Fredericton from 1972 until 1983. He was educated at the University of King's College and ordained in 1949. After a curacy at All Saints Cathedral, Halifax he held incumbencies at New Waterford, Nova Scotia and St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador before being appointed Dean in 1972. He died on 22 January 2009 Notes 1925 births University of King's College alumni 2009 deaths Deans of Fredericton
44499956	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photography%20%26%20Culture	Photography & Culture	Photography & Culture is a triannual peer-reviewed academic journal published by Routledge. It was started in 2008 by Berg Publishers and was published by Bloomsbury Publishing until 2015. The editors-in-chief are Kathy Kubicki (University for the Creative Arts), Thy Phu (University of Western Ontario), and Val Williams (University of the Arts London). Abstracting and indexing The journal is abstracted and indexed in: External links English-language journals Arts journals Triannual journals Publications established in 2008 Taylor & Francis academic journals
20468959	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simulation%20Open%20Framework%20Architecture	Simulation Open Framework Architecture	Simulation Open Framework Architecture (SOFA) is an open source framework primarily targeted at real-time physical simulation, with an emphasis on medical simulation. It is mostly intended for the research community to help develop newer algorithms, but can also be used as an efficient prototyping tool or as a physics engine. Features Based on an advanced software architecture, SOFA allows users to: Create complex and evolving simulations by combining new algorithms with existing algorithms Modify most parameters of the simulation (deformable behavior, surface representation, solver, constraints, collision algorithm, ...) by simply editing a XML file Build complex models from simpler ones using a scene graph description Efficiently simulate the dynamics of interacting objects using abstract equation solvers Reuse and easily compare a variety of available methods Transparently parallelize complex computations using semantics based on data dependencies Use new generations of GPUs through the CUDA API to greatly improve computation times Scene graph A key aspect of SOFA is the use of a scene graph to organize and process the elements of a simulation while clearly separating the computation tasks from their possibly parallel scheduling. The description of a SOFA simulation can easily be done in an XML file. For even more flexibility, a Python plugin allows scripting simulations using the Python language. Basically, a SOFA scene-graph is composed with: Nodes: used to categorise the components and keep the XML file clean (mechanical node, collision node, visual node, ...) Components: main elements used to build a scene (solver component, forcefield component, rendering component, ...) Data: everything that components have to deal with (forces, velocities, positions, ratios, ...) Plugins To extend its capacities and provide more features, SOFA is bundled with a lot of plugins: Drivers for VR / haptic / simulation devices (Geomagic®, ARTTrack™, Novint® Falcon™…) Visualization and simulation of medical images Python scripting Parallelization: Multithreading GPU computing using the CUDA API Community SOFA Day Organized each year, the SOFA Day is a one-day event dedicated to SOFA. This event is open to everyone interested in SOFA, from beginner to advanced users. It contains an introduction to SOFA, several tutorials (adapted to the audience) and a large time to experience SOFA with the help of the instructors. SOFA Consortium Exactly ten years after the first commit in SOFA, Inria founded the SOFA Consortium in December 2015. The Consortium missions are to: Represent the identity of SOFA Organize and develop the community Distribute and make SOFA more stable See also Graphics processing unit (GPU) Soft body dynamics Rigid body dynamics Collision detection VRPN References External links SOFA website Computer physics engines Computational science Simulation software Medical simulation Health software
20468992	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweetwater%20Canal	Sweetwater Canal	Sweetwater Canal can mean: The Sweet Water Canal in Egypt running eastwards from the Nile near Cairo to the south end of the Suez Canal A canal near Basra in Iraq
44499962	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DeLuca%20Biochemistry%20Building	DeLuca Biochemistry Building	The Hector F. DeLuca Biochemistry Building, originally known as the Agricultural Chemistry Building, is a historic structure on the campus of the University of Wisconsin–Madison. It was the site of the discovery of vitamins A and B, as well as the development of vitamin D processing. History The building was part of the expansion of the College of Agriculture undertaken by Edwin B. Hart. Hart assumed leadership of the department in 1906. The next year, Stephen Moulton Babcock and Elmer McCollum began the single-grain experiment, which fostered the development of agricultural chemistry at Wisconsin. The experiment continued in the Agricultural Chemistry Building when it was built in 1912 and was expended to identify the key elements in nutrition. In 1913, McCollum identified a molecule in egg yolks, vitamin A. The discovery was consistent with the nutrition element proposed by Frederick Gowland Hopkins a year before. The experiment continued, and in 1915, McCollum identified vitamin B in rice. McCollum left Wisconsin for Johns Hopkins University in 1917 and was succeeded by Harry Steenbock. He continued experimentation on the new molecules, isolating and naming vitamin A in 1920. Other research by Steenbock identified iron and copper as effective agents in the treatment of anemia. Steenbock made his most significant discovery in 1923, when he established a relationship between vitamin D and ultra-violet light on bone health. He then founded the "Steenbock Process" in 1928, a method of concentrating vitamin D by irradiating food. This method was employed on a large scale through his Wisconsin Alumni Research Fund. Conrad Elvehjem isolated nicotinic acid (niacin) at the Agricultural Chemistry Building in 1937, which cured pellagra. and Karl Paul Link identified the blood coagulant dicumarol here in 1941. On June 19, 1985, the building was recognized by the National Park Service with a listing on the National Register of Historic Places. A major renovation was completed in 2012 and the building was integrated into the Biochemical Sciences Complex. The building was named after Hector F. DeLuca in 2013. His research, which was all performed at UW-Madison, identified the active metabolites of vitamin D, and resulted in multiple patents benefiting the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation. It is located within the Henry Mall Historic District. Architecture The building is generally Georgian Revival in style with its pediment, quoins, and balustrade. It was designed by Warren Powers Laird & Paul Philippe Cret, who also designed six other buildings on campus: the Central Heating Station, the Stock Pavilion, Lathrop Hall, the Home Economics Buildings, Wisconsin High School, and Sterling Hall. References External links Biochemistry Building in ''The Buildings of the University of Wisconsin University and college buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Wisconsin Colonial Revival architecture in Wisconsin Georgian Revival architecture in Wisconsin Buildings and structures completed in 1912 Buildings and structures in Madison, Wisconsin University of Wisconsin–Madison Paul Philippe Cret buildings 1912 establishments in Wisconsin National Register of Historic Places in Madison, Wisconsin
44499977	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemella%20palaticanis	Gemella palaticanis	Gemella palaticanis is a species of bacteria within the genus Gemella. Strains of this species were originally isolated from the mouth of a dog and are unique among Gemella species in that they can ferment lactose. References External links Type strain of Gemella palaticanis at BacDive - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase Bacillales Bacteria described in 1999
20469023	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS%20Metomkin%20%28AVP-47%29	USS Metomkin (AVP-47)	What would have been the first USS Metomkin (AVP-47) was a proposed United States Navy seaplane tender that was never laid down. Construction and commissioning Metomkin was to have been one of 41 Barnegat-class small seaplane tenders the U.S. Navy planned to commission during the early 1940s, and was to have been built at Houghton, Washington, by the Lake Washington Shipyard. However, by the spring of 1943 the Navy deemed that number of seaplane tenders excess to requirements, and decided to complete four of them as motor torpedo boat tenders and one as a catapult training ship. In addition, the Navy also decided to cancel six of the Barnegat-class ships prior to their construction, freeing up the diesel engines that would have powered them for use in escort vessels and amphibious landing craft. AVP-47 was assigned the name Metomkin on 23 August 1942. However, she became one of the final two ships to be cancelled when the Navy cancelled the contract for her construction on 29 April 1943 before construction could begin. References NavSource Online: Service Ship Photo Archive Small Seaplane Tender (AVP) Index World War II auxiliary ships of the United States Barnegat-class seaplane tenders Cancelled ships of the United States Navy Ships built at Lake Washington Shipyard
17332558	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simba%20Union%20Ground	Simba Union Ground	The Simba Union Ground is one of several cricket grounds in Nairobi. It is also the home of Simba Union Cricket Club as well as the home of Cricket Kenya academy. The ground is located across the road from Kenya's main Cricket ground the Nairobi Gymkhana Club. The ground has hosted a One Day International match when Kenya cricket team played against West Indies cricket team. One Day International Matches List of ODI matches hosted at this stadium List of Centuries One Day Internationals List of Five Wicket Hauls One Day Internationals References Ground Profile Sport in Nairobi Cricket grounds in Kenya
44499980	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Cole%20%28artist%29	George Cole (artist)	George Cole (15 January 1810 – 7 September 1883) was an English painter known for his landscapes and animal paintings. Cole was born in Portsmouth to James and Elizabeth Cole. His mother died when he was 9 years old. According to the artist's grandson, Rex Vicat Cole, he was apprenticed to a ship's painter in the Royal Navy dockyards at Portsmouth. He taught himself to paint pictures, at first portraits and animals; he also painted posters for Wombwell's menagerie. In 1838 Cole's painting The Farm Yard was shown at the Society of British Artists. When he was 30 he changed his focus to landscapes and received instruction from John Wilson and started exhibiting in 1840. One anecdote has him painting the portrait of a Dutch merchant in Portsmouth. After the sitter refused to pay him, saying it was a bad likeness, Cole added wings and put the painting in a shop window with the title The Flying Dutchman. The man's friends recognised him and laughed; he paid for the painting, and Cole painted out the wings. His career has been regarded as a good example of the Victorian self-made man: in 1831 he married Eliza Vicat, of an old French Huguenot family. In 1852 he moved to Fulham and in 1855 to Kensington, where he lived for the rest of his life. In the mid-1860s he purchased Coombe Lodge, a small estate in Hampshire. By 1850 Cole had begun to concentrate on landscape, drawing on Dutch precedents for compositions such as London Road, Portsdown (1847, Portsmouth City Museum and Art Gallery). Working alongside him in the early 1850s was George Vicat Cole (1833–1893), the eldest of Cole's five children. In search of sketching grounds they visited the river valleys of the Wye, Teign, and Dart and, in 1851 or 1852, the Moselle. While the father undoubtedly instructed the son, it seems likely that the influence of Pre-Raphaelitism, absorbed more fully by the younger artist, was transmitted through his work to the father. After a temporary estrangement in 1855 the two never worked together again. George Cole's landscapes of the later 1850s are, however, less formulaic than his early works and are often a combination of rustic genre subjects with carefully observed landscape, as in Landscape and Cattle (1858, Russell-Cotes Art Gallery and Museum, Bournemouth). In a series of richly coloured and detailed landscapes on large canvases executed during the 1860s and 1870s, Cole created an idealized version of the Hampshire moorlands and agricultural landscape; examples include Fern Carting, Harting Coombe (1873, Russell-Cotes Art Gallery and Museum, Bournemouth). Cattle continued to play an important role in his compositions, and he specialized in the depiction of river scenery with cows watering, including, for example, Windsor Castle (1876, exh. RA, 1878; Anglesey Abbey). Reassuring in their presentation of a seemingly timeless Englishness, these images were eagerly purchased by Victorian collectors. Although he exhibited sixteen works at the Royal Academy, Cole's work formed a mainstay of the exhibitions of the Society of British Artists at Suffolk Street, where he exhibited 209 paintings from 1838 until his death in 1883. He was elected a member in 1850, became auditor in 1856, and vice-president in 1867. He was also awarded a medal for a harvesting scene in 1864 by the Society for the Encouragement of the Fine Arts. While, at his best, he was capable of sophisticated effects, the sheer volume of his production of smaller works, sold directly to dealers such as Thomas McLean and Arthur Tooth, inevitably led to a lowering of standards. His annual income rose from £842 in 1858 to £2580 in 1873. A collector of topographical literature and an autodidact, Cole was reputed to know the works of Shakespeare by heart. Robert Chignell, the biographer of George Vicat Cole, saw the older painter as an exemplar of self-help: ‘one who began with nothing’, he had achieved success through ‘great capabilities and force of character’ (Chignell, 40). George Cole died on 7 September 1883 at his home at 1 Kensington Crescent and was buried in Kensal Green cemetery, London. Of his other children, Alfred Benjamin Cole was also an artist. Selected works Don Quixote and Sancho Panza Loch Lubnaig A River Scene, Sussex (1874) Evening on the Thames (1877) Windsor Castle—Morning (1878) References External links 1810 births 1883 deaths Artists from Portsmouth English landscape painters 19th-century English painters English male painters Rother Valley artists 19th-century English male artists
20469036	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takisato%20Dam	Takisato Dam	The Takisato Dam is a dam on the Sorachi River in west central Hokkaidō, Japan. References Dams in Hokkaido Dams completed in 1999 1999 establishments in Japan
44499987	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waqas%20Khan	Waqas Khan	Waqas Khan (born 10 March 1999) is a Hong Kong cricketer. He made his Twenty20 International (T20I) debut for Hong Kong against Nepal in Sri Lanka on 24 November 2014. At the age of 15 years and 259 days, he became the youngest person to play in a T20I match. He made his One Day International (ODI) debut for Hong Kong against the United Arab Emirates in the 2015–17 ICC World Cricket League Championship on 18 November 2015. He made his first-class cricket debut against Ireland in the 2015–17 ICC Intercontinental Cup on 30 August 2016. In August 2018, he was named in Hong Kong's squad for the 2018 Asia Cup Qualifier tournament. Hong Kong won the qualifier tournament, and he was then named in Hong Kong's squad for the 2018 Asia Cup. In December 2018, he was named in Hong Kong's team for the 2018 ACC Emerging Teams Asia Cup. In September 2019, he was named in Hong Kong's squad for the 2019 ICC T20 World Cup Qualifier tournament in the United Arab Emirates. References External links 1999 births Living people Hong Kong cricketers Hong Kong One Day International cricketers Hong Kong Twenty20 International cricketers Place of birth missing (living people)
44500021	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Where%20Do%20Broken%20Hearts%20Go%20%28disambiguation%29	Where Do Broken Hearts Go (disambiguation)	"Where Do Broken Hearts Go" may refer to: "Where Do Broken Hearts Go", 1988 single from Whitney Houston's second album Whitney. "Where Do Broken Hearts Go (One Direction song), 2014 promotional single by One Direction from their album Four
44500037	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suillellus%20mendax	Suillellus mendax	Suillellus mendax is a species of bolete fungus found in Europe. It was originally published as a species of Boletus when it was newly described in 2013, but then transferred to Suillellus the following year. This species is morphologically very similar to the widespread Suillellus luridus, but differs in its predominantly acidophilous ecology, a mostly dull-coloured, finely felty cap and more narrowly ellipsoid to subfusiform spores measuring (12.4–)13.3–14.7(–15.5) × (4.5–)4.9– 5.5(–5.7) μm. Suillellus mendax forms ectomycorrhizal associations with beech (Fagus), oak (Quercus) and sweet chestnut (Castanea). So far, it has been molecularly verified from Italy, France and the island of Cyprus. References External links mendax Fungi described in 2013 Fungi of Europe
44500038	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hapoel%20Gedera%20F.C.	Hapoel Gedera F.C.	Hapoel Ironi Gedera Football Club () is an Israeli football club based in Gedera. The club plays in Liga Bet, the fourth tier of the Israeli football league system. History The original club was established in 1958 and spent most of its years in the lower tiers of the Israeli football league system, rising, at its best, to Liga Bet, then the third tier, for two seasons in 1959–60 and 1960–61, and for another season, in 1975–76. The original club folded in 1998. Re-establishment The club was re-established in 2011 and was placed in the Central division, in which it played since, its best position was 5th, achieved in 2014–15. Honours Liga Gimel 1958–59 1974–75 External links Hapoel Ironi Gedera Israel Football Association References Gedera Gedera Association football clubs established in 1958 Association football clubs established in 2011 Association football clubs disestablished in 1998 1958 establishments in Israel 2011 establishments in Israel 1998 disestablishments in Israel
17332706	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mombasa%20Sports%20Club	Mombasa Sports Club	Mombasa Sports Club (MSC) is multi-sport club based in Mombasa, Kenya. It also owns sporting facilities. The club was established in 1896, and it is among the oldest sporting clubs in Kenya. Cricket Mombasa Sports Club has a cricket team taking part in the Coast Cricket Association competitions. Cricket ground The Mombasa Sports Club ground is the only fully accredited ODI Cricket ground in Kenya outside of Nairobi. Its acquired this status prior to hosting a three match ODI series between Kenya and Bermuda as well as a triangular ODI Tournament featuring Kenya, Canada and Scotland, in 2006. Providing all the cricket for Ireland's tour of the country in 2012, this venue has hosted fifteen international fixtures (twelve ODI and three T20I), also six first-class matches (initially in 1964) and 22 List A matches. Hockey The club has field hockey sections for men and women. In 2008, MSC ladies team plays in 1st level National league, while their men counterparts play in the premier league. In 2011, the Men's team finishes a top their National League and get promoted to the Premier League. In 2012, in their first year, they finish 9th out of 12 teams and ensure Kenya Hockey Premier League survival for the 2013 Season ahead of regulars; Mvita XI, Karate Axiom and Western Jaguars. The 2013 Season Kicks Off with the Mombasa Derby, MSC vs Mvita XI on 8 June 2013, before a flurry of four matches against: Western Jaguars, Green Sharks, Kenya Police and Strathmore Rugby MSC Rugby team plays in the Kenya Cup league, the highest level rugby union competition in Kenya. The club started playing rugby in 1935. The MSC Rugby Grounds, most recently hosted the Confederation of African Rugby tournament that brought together Over 8 national teams to a qualifier tournament in Mombasa, among them, Zimbabwe, Namibia and Morocco Football Their football team takes part in regional level football competitions. Other sports Other disciplines at Mombasa Sports Club include Basketball, Squash, Snooker, Tennis, Bowling and Bridge. List of Centuries One Day Internationals List of Five Wicket Hauls One Day Internationals References Mombasa Sports Club Cricinfo ground profile Google map location Hockey Kenya Kenya Rugby Union External links Mombasa Sports Club homepage Kenyan club cricket teams Cricket grounds in Kenya Kenyan rugby union teams Kenyan field hockey clubs Football clubs in Kenya Sport in Mombasa 1896 establishments in Kenya Sports clubs established in 1896
44500046	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirty%20Acres	Thirty Acres	Thirty Acres () is a novel by Canadian writer Philippe Panneton, published under the pen name Ringuet. First published in French in 1938, it was published in an English translation in 1940 and won the Governor General's Award for Fiction at the 1940 Governor General's Awards. It is considered one of the most important works in Quebec literature, and one of the most important exemplars of the roman du terroir genre. The novel traces the life of Euchariste Moisan, a rural farmer in Quebec. The novel's English edition remains in print as part of the New Canadian Library series. References External links 1938 Canadian novels Governor General's Award-winning novels Canadian French-language novels New Canadian Library
44500054	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiloepalpus%20factilis	Chiloepalpus factilis	Chiloepalpus factilis is a species of tachinid flies in the genus Chiloepalpus of the family Tachinidae. External links Tachinidae Insects described in 1964
44500059	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embassy%20of%20Pakistan%2C%20Abu%20Dhabi	Embassy of Pakistan, Abu Dhabi	The Embassy of Pakistan, Abu Dhabi is the diplomatic mission representing Pakistan in the United Arab Emirates. The embassy is located in the Diplomatic Area in Abu Dhabi. Afzaal Mahmood is the incumbent Ambassador of Pakistan to the United Arab Emirates. Pakistan also has a Consulate-General in Dubai, which works under the embassy. The Embassy provides various Consular services including Machine Readable Passports (MRP), NADRA ID cards, Visa, Attestation in addition to various Community Welfare Services. On average around 500 to 700 people visit the Embassy daily for various services. The Embassy facilitated the repatriation of around 24,000 Pakistanis during the COVID-19 pandemic and around 60,000 Pakistanis in total if repatriations from Dubai are included, making it one of the largest international evacuation operations in the history of Pakistan. See also Pakistan–United Arab Emirates relations List of diplomatic missions of Pakistan List of diplomatic missions in the United Arab Emirates References External links Embassy of Pakistan, Abu Dhabi Year of establishment missing Pakistan Abu Dhabi Pakistan–United Arab Emirates relations
44500061	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anjan%20Chakravartty	Anjan Chakravartty	Anjan Chakravartty is an analytic philosopher and the Appignani Foundation Professor at the University of Miami. Previously, he was a professor of philosophy at the University of Notre Dame and the University of Toronto. His work focuses on topics in the philosophy of science, metaphysics, and epistemology. Life After receiving his BSc in Biophysics from the University of Toronto Chakravartty spent three years working for an international development project in Calcutta and a United Nations World Congress on Environment and Development. After receiving an MA in Philosophy from the University of Toronto he spent a year working at the University of British Columbia, and then went on to receive an MPhil and a PhD in History and Philosophy of Science at the University of Cambridge. On July 1, 2018, he became Appignani Foundation Chair at University of Miami. Prior to this he was the Director of the John J. Reilly Center for Science, Technology, and Values at Notre Dame, and the Editor in Chief of the journal Studies in History and Philosophy of Science. Works Books and Collections by Anjan Chakravartty: • Scientific Ontology: Integrating Naturalized Metaphysics and Voluntarist Epistemology, Oxford University Press (2017) • Ancient Skepticism, Voluntarism, and Science’, International Journal for the Study of Skepticism (2015) • Explanation, Inference, Testimony, and Truth: Essays Dedicated to the Memory of Peter Lipton’, Studies in History and Philosophy of Science (ed.) (2010) (in memory of his doctoral supervisor Peter Lipton, Hans Rausing Professor of History and Philosophy of Science at the University of Cambridge.) • A Metaphysics for Scientific Realism: Knowing the Unobservable, Cambridge University Press (2007) (The book won the Biennial Book Prize of the Canadian Philosophical Association in 2009.) Recent Publications by Anjan Chakravartty: • 'Truth and the Sciences', in M. Glanzberg (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Truth, Oxford University Press (2018) • ‘What is Scientific Realism?’ (with Bas C. van Fraassen), Spontaneous Generations: A Journal for the History and Philosophy of Science (2018) • ‘Realism, Antirealism, Epistemic Stances, and Voluntarism’, in J. Saatsi (ed.), The Routledge Handbook of Scientific Realism, Routledge (2018) • ‘Reflections on New Thinking about Scientific Realism’, Synthese (2017) • ‘Saving the Scientific Phenomena: What Powers Can and Cannot Do’, in J. D. Jacobs (ed.), Putting Powers to Work, Oxford University Press (2017) • ‘Scientific Realism’ (version II: revised and updated), in E. N. Zalta (ed.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (2017) • ‘Case Studies, Selective Realism, and Historical Evidence’, in M. Massimi, J.-W. Romeign, & G. Schurz, EPSA15 Selected Papers, Springer (2017) See also Scientific structuralism References External links Personal website Book review University of Notre Dame faculty University of Miami faculty Analytic philosophers Philosophers from Indiana Living people Alumni of the University of Cambridge Year of birth missing (living people) University of Toronto faculty
44500084	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort%20MacDowall	Fort MacDowall	Fort MacDowall was located in Matale. It was a fortified outpost during the Kandyan Wars, named after Major General Hay MacDowall, the 6th Commander of British Troops in Ceylon. The fort was one of the few inland forts constructed by the British and was completed in 1803. It was garrisoned on 25 April 1803 by 55 men of the 19th Regiment under the command of Captains Madge and Pearce. On 24 June the fort was surrounded and besieged by troops of the Kandyan army. For three days Captain Madge refused offers to surrender the fort however during the night on 27 June he managed to withdraw without detection, together with two officers, thirteen men of the 19th and 22 men of the Malay Regiment. They left behind 19 Europeans who were to sick to travel. Captain Madge and his men succeeded in reaching Trincomalee, approximately through jungle and enemy held territory, on 3 July. The individuals who remained at the fort were massacred by the Kandyan army when they found the fort undefended. During the Matale rebellion, on 28 July 1848, the fort came under siege by approximately 400 rebels led by Puran Appu and Gongalegoda Banda, but the British garrison repulsed the attack. The rebels also burnt down a coffee storehouse and ransacked the Matale Kachcheri, destroying the tax records contained inside. On 29 July, the governor of Ceylon, Lord Torrington, declared martial law in the colony. A detachment of the Ceylon Rifle Regiment, under the command of Captain Albert Watson, was dispatched from Kandy on 28 July, together with 220 men from the 19th Regiment of Foot, commanded by Captain Lillie C.R.R. On 29 July 1848, the 19th Regiment of Foot attacked a rebel force consisting of roughly 4,000 rebels at Wariyapola Estate who were heading towards Kandy; the rebels suffered casualties amounting to over 100 men killed and captured and hundreds wounded, while the lone British casualty was an injured soldier. After the battle, roughly 250 captured rebels were court-martialled and subsequently executed (either by firing squad or hanging) in Fort MacDowall. Watson and Lillie then led their troops in occupying Matale, arresting a number of rebel leaders, including Appu and Banda. Initial reports indicated that only thirteen rebels were killed and nine executed in Fort MacDowall. After the suppression of the rebellion, Torrington admitted "that the total number killed and wounded amounted to little less than two hundred", although unofficially the numbers are purportedly higher. The only physical remnants of the fort that exist today are the gateway and portion of the ramparts. The interior of the fort is currently used as the Matale cemetery, which includes a monument to the rebellion. References MacDowall Buildings and structures in Matale MacDowall Buildings and structures in Matale District
17332733	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guiles%20v.%20Marineau	Guiles v. Marineau	In Guiles v. Marineau, 461 F.3d 320 (2d. Cir. 2006), cert. denied by 127 S.Ct. 3054 (2007), the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit held that the First and Fourteenth Amendments to the Constitution of the United States protect the right of a student in the public schools to wear a shirt insulting the President of the United States and depicting images relating to drugs and alcohol. Overview The First Amendment to the Constitution of the United States prohibits Congress, among other things, from passing any law "abridging the freedom of speech." The Fourteenth Amendment likewise prohibits State governments from "depriv[ing] any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law." The courts have interpreted the "liberty" guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment to encompass the freedom of speech protected by the First Amendment. See, e.g., Edwards v. South Carolina, 372 U.S. 229, 235 (1963); Near v. Minnesota, 283 U.S. 697, 707 (1931); Stromberg v. California, 283 U.S. 359, 368 (1931). Factual background The plaintiff in this case, a student at Williamstown Middle High School in Vermont, had worn a T-shirt displaying the name "George W. Bush" and the words "Chicken-Hawk-In-Chief," underneath of which there was "a large picture of the President's face, wearing a helmet, superimposed on the body of a chicken." Alongside the picture of the President was a depiction of "three lines of cocaine and a razor blade." The wings of the "chicken" were depicted holding a straw and an alcoholic beverage. At the bottom of and on the back of the T-shirt there was additional verbiage making fun of Bush and, among other things, accusing him of being addicted to cocaine. Depictions of Bush, cocaine and alcohol were also present on the sleeves. After plaintiff had worn this shirt several times over a period of weeks, another student complained to a teacher, but was informed that the shirt constituted political speech, protected by law. However, after receiving a complaint from a parent, the defendant in the case, a school employee, asked the student to cover up the parts of the shirt pertaining to drugs and alcohol, or turn the shirt inside-out, or wear a different shirt, in accordance with the school system's dress code, which prohibits "any aspect of a" student's "appearance, which constitutes a real hazard to the health and safety of self and others or is otherwise distracting," (emphasis added) including "[c]lothing displaying alcohol, drugs, violence, obscenity, and racism." The student refused, and after the student's father had the opportunity to speak with the superintendent, the defendant school administrator completed a "discipline referral form" and sent the student home. After the student returned to school, he wore the T-shirt covered by duct tape (as required by the school), on top of which was written the word "censored." The student sued the school administrators (the student support specialist, the principal and the superintendent) in order to have the disciplinary referral expunged from his record, and to enjoin the school from enforcing the dress code policy against him. The district court, applying the Supreme Court precedent set in Bethel School District No. 403 v. Fraser, held that the images depicted on the shirt were "plainly offensive or inappropriate" and that the school was therefore entitled to enforce its dress-code policy, but also ordered the expungement of the offense from the student's disciplinary record. Both the plaintiffs and the defendant appealed. Decision The court of appeals held that the T-shirt, in spite of its depiction of drugs and alcohol, was protected speech under the First and Fourteenth Amendments to the Constitution of the United States. In its decision, the court analyzed the facts in light of the following three Supreme Court cases: Tinker v. Des Moines Indep. Cmty. Sch. Dist., 393 U.S. 503 (1969), Bethel School District No. 403 v. Fraser, 478 U.S. 675 (1986) and Hazelwood Sch. Dist. v. Kuhlmeier, 484 U.S. 260 (1988). In Tinker, the United States Supreme Court held that a school may not ban students from wearing black armbands in protest of the Vietnam War. The Tinker case thus stands for the proposition that "a student may 'express his opinions, even on controversial subjects ... if he does so without materially and substantially interfer[ing] with the requirements of appropriate discipline in the operation of the school and without colliding with the rights of others,' Tinker 393 U.S. at 513 (alteration in original). The rule of Tinker has come to mean that a school may not regulate student expression unless the regulation may be 'justified by a showing that the student['s] [speech] would materially and substantially disrupt the work and discipline of the school.'" In Fraser, however, the Supreme Court held that a school could discipline a student for making a speech at a public assembly that "is 'vulgar,' 'lewd,' 'indecent,' or 'plainly offensive.'" Fraser can be thought of as an exception to the general rule set forth in Tinker: student speech is generally protected under the Constitution, but the protection does not apply if the speech is "plainly offensive." Whether Guiles' T-shirt was plainly offensive or not was a question of first impression in the Second Circuit; in this case, considering an analogous decision in Frederick v. Morse, 439 F.3d 1114 (9th Cir. 2006), the court held that the T-shirt is not "plainly offensive," and therefore falls within the protection of the Constitution as interpreted in Tinker, rather than being subject to regulation in accordance with Fraser. [The holding in Frederick v. Morse was subsequently overruled by the Supreme Court, but this does not affect the precedential value of Guiles v. Marineau within the Second Circuit.] In Hazelwood, the Supreme Court permitted schools to regulate the content of a school newspaper, on the grounds that there is a "distinction between school-sponsored speech and student speech.". The student's T-shirt was not school-sponsored, nor was there any appearance of sponsorship by the school, and therefore Hazelwood was inapplicable in this case. Finally, the Guiles court held that the plaintiff's rights were violated even by the limited intervention of the school staff (who had given the plaintiff the choice of changing shirts, wearing the shirt inside out, or covering the depictions of drugs and alcohol). The court stated that "[t]he pictures" that the school administrators wanted the student to obscure "are an important part of the political message" that he "wished to convey, accentuating the anti-drug (and anti-Bush) message. By covering them defendants diluted the student's "message, blunting its force and impact. Such censorship may be justified under Tinker only when the substantial disruption test is satisfied." As the student had worn the shirt on several days with no disruption to classroom activities, there are no grounds for the school to take any action against him. Notes Bibliography Amendments to the Constitution of the United States case summary from firstamendmentcenter.org Helen Nguyen. "2nd Circuit rules censoring student's T-shirt violated free speech." Daily Record (Rochester, NY) (Sept 12, 2006): NA. General Reference Center Gold. Gale. Montgomery County Public Library (MD). 5 May 2008 <http://find.galegroup.com/itx/start.do?prodId=GRGM> Jenny B. Davis "Student, Parents Sue School District Over Dress Code." Texas Lawyer (April 7, 2008): NA. General Reference Center Gold. Gale. Montgomery County Public Library (MD). 8 May 2008 (discussion of a new case that is similar to the Guiles case). <http://find.galegroup.com/itx/start.do?prodId=GRGM> See also Broussard v. School Board of Norfolk: a similar student T-shirt case External links United States Free Speech Clause case law United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit cases Student rights case law in the United States Williamstown, Vermont Education in Orange County, Vermont T-shirts Works about George W. Bush
44500085	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FC%20Arge%C8%99%201953%20Pite%C8%99ti	FC Argeș 1953 Pitești	Fotbal Club Argeș 1953 Pitești was a Romanian football club from Pitești, Argeș. It was founded in 2013 as a phoenix club of the then-dissolved team FC Argeș Pitești, and was fully owned by its supporters. History Liga IV Argeș County (2014–present) After the dissolution of the original team FC Argeș Pitești, the supporters recreated the team and named it FC Argeș 1953, a phoenix club who started in Liga IV. In their first season they finished on the second place in Liga IV – Argeș County. In the same year they participated in the first ever Football without Owners Tournament, a new established trophy for the fan-owned phoenix clubs in Romania, the other participants was ASU Politehnica Timișoara, FC Vaslui 2002 and the host LSS Voința Sibiu, they finished on the third place at the event. On June 12, they managed to win against the county rivals Unirea Bascov to win the league and qualify in the promotion play-off to Liga III. After the promotion the club was dissolved, not having enough financial support. Honours Domestic Liga IV – Argeș County Winners (1): 2015–16 Runners-up (1): 2014–15 Friendly Football without Owners Tournament Third place (1): 2015 Statistics References External links Official website Fan-owned football clubs Association football clubs established in 2013 Association football clubs disestablished in 2016 Defunct football clubs in Romania Football clubs in Argeș County 2013 establishments in Romania 2016 disestablishments in Romania Liga IV clubs
44500087	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiloepalpus%20aureus	Chiloepalpus aureus	Chiloepalpus aureus is a species of tachinid flies in the genus Chiloepalpus of the family Tachinidae. External links Tachinidae Insects described in 1926
20469039	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20States%20contract%20law	United States contract law	Contract law regulates the obligations established by agreement, whether express or implied, between private parties in the United States. The law of contracts varies from state to state; there is nationwide federal contract law in certain areas, such as contracts entered into pursuant to Federal Reclamation Law. The law governing transactions involving the sale of goods has become highly standardized nationwide through widespread adoption of the Uniform Commercial Code. There remains significant diversity in the interpretation of other kinds of contracts, depending upon the extent to which a given state has codified its common law of contracts or adopted portions of the Restatement (Second) of Contracts. Formation A contract is an agreement between two or more parties creating reciprocal obligations enforceable at law. The elements of a contract are mutual consent, offer and acceptance, consideration, and legal purpose. Agreement Mutual consent, also known as ratification and meeting of the minds, is typically established through the process of offer and acceptance. However, contracts can also be implied in fact, as discussed below. At common law, the terms of a purported acceptance must be the "mirror image" of the terms of the offer. Any variation thereof constitutes a counteroffer. An offer is a display of willingness by a promissor to be legally bound by terms they specify, made in a way that would lead a reasonable person in the promisee's position to understand that an acceptance is being sought and, if made, results in an enforceable contract. Ordinarily, an offeror is permitted to revoke their offer at any time prior to a valid acceptance. This is partially due to the maxim that an offeror is the "master of his offer." In the case of options, the general rule stated above applies even when the offeror promises to hold the offer open for a certain period of time. For example, Alice says to Bob, "I'll sell you my watch for $10, and you can have a week to decide." Alice is free to revoke her offer during the week, as long as Bob has not accepted the offer. However, if the offeree gives some separate consideration (discussed below) to keep the offer open for a certain period of time, the offeror is not permitted to revoke during that period. For example, Alice offers to sell Bob her watch for $10. Bob gives Alice $1 to keep the offer open for a week. Alice is not permitted to revoke during the week. A counteroffer is a new offer that varies the terms of the original offer. Therefore, it is simultaneously a rejection of the original offer. For example, Alan says to Betty, "I'll sell you my watch for $10." At this point Betty has the power of acceptance. But Betty responds, "I'll only pay $8." Betty's response is a rejection of Alan's offer but gives Alan a new power of acceptance. It is possible to phrase what appears to be a counteroffer so that it does not destroy the original power of acceptance. For example, Alan says to Betty, "I'll sell you my watch for $10." Betty responds, "I wonder whether you would take $8." Betty retains her original power of acceptance (unless Alan revokes), but she does not give Alan a new power of acceptance, as she is not making an offer of her own. Therefore, she is not making a counteroffer either. As such, mere inquiries are not counteroffers. An acceptance is an agreement, by express act or implied from conduct, to the terms of an offer, including the prescribed manner of acceptance, so that an enforceable contract is formed. In what is known as a battle of the forms, when the process of offer and acceptance is not followed, it is still possible to have an enforceable contract, as mentioned above with respect to contracts implied in fact. Uniform Commercial Code The Uniform Commercial Code ("UCC") dispenses with the mirror image rule in § 2-207. UCC § 2-207(1) provides that a "definite and seasonable expression of acceptance...operates as" an acceptance, even though it varies the terms of the original offer. Such an expression is typically interpreted as an acceptance when it purports to accept and agrees on the following terms of the original offer: subject matter, quantity, and price. However, such an expression is not interpreted as an acceptance if it is "expressly conditional" on the original offeror's assent to the varied terms, discussed below. This language is known as the proviso. When the proviso is not used, the terms of the contract are determined by subsection 2. When the proviso is used, but there is no assent by the original offeror to the offeree's varied terms, yet the parties go ahead and perform (act like they have a contract, hence a contract implied in fact), the terms of the contract are determined by subsection 3. So, the terms of a contract under 2-207 are never determined by a combination of subsections 2 and 3. UCC § 2-207(2) of the statute tells what to do with additional terms. It does not explicitly address what to do with different terms. A minority of states, led by California, infer that this was a typographical error by the drafters. As such, those states treat different terms in the same manner as additional terms. The majority rule, however, is that different terms do not become part of the contract; rather, both of the conflicting terms—from both parties—are removed from the contract. This is known as the knockout rule. Any "gaps" resulting from the removal of these terms are "filled" by Article 2's "gap-fillers." A term in a purported acceptance is different if it directly contradicts the subject matter of a term present in the original offer. A term in a purported acceptance is additional if it contemplates a subject matter not present at all in the original offer. As already mentioned, subsection 2 does tell what to do with additional terms. They do not become part of the contract if either party is not a merchant. A merchant is defined elsewhere in the UCC as a party that regularly "deals in goods of the kind" or otherwise gives an impression of knowledge or skill regarding the subject matter of the transaction. If both parties are merchants then additional terms in a purported acceptance do become part of the contract unless any of three exceptions apply. The exceptions are (out of order): objection by the original offeror in advance; objection by the original offeror within a reasonable time after notice; and material alteration of the contract. The third exception, whether the additional terms materially alter the contract, is the most difficult to apply. Typically, to show it, the merchant must be subjected to undue hardship and/or surprise as a result of the varied term, as measured by the industry involved. It is well established that disclaimer of warranty, indemnification, and arbitration are all clauses that do constitute material alterations. UCC § 2-207(3) only applies when the proviso language from subsection 1 is used. When the proviso is used, there is no contract formed at that time unless the original offeror assents to the terms that the party purporting to accept has made "expressly conditional." For example, a buyer sends a purchase order with its own terms. The seller sends an acknowledgement with additional and/or different terms and uses the proviso. The buyer must accept the seller's additional and/or different terms, or else no contract is formed at that time. Frequently, however, the buyer in such a situation does not accept the seller's terms, typically through silence, that is, not signing and returning the form to the seller. Subsection 3 is designed to deal with this situation. When the parties begin to perform the contract, they form a contract implied in fact. The terms of that contract are determined by this subsection. They consist of those terms both forms agree on. Any pertinent term upon the forms do not agree are not part of the contract but instead are supplied by the Code's gap fillers. Note that whether the parties are merchants is irrelevant for this subsection. However, private parties do not typically send and receive purchase orders or invoices, so in hypotheticals, the parties typically are merchants. For example, the Brown Company (buyer) sends a purchase order to the Smith Company (seller) for 100 widgets. Brown's terms are silent as to arbitration. Smith sends an acknowledgement, making its acceptance of Brown's offer "expressly conditional" on Brown's assent to Smith's additional term that any dispute arising from the transaction be resolved by arbitration. Brown does not sign and return Smith's form, but Smith goes ahead and fulfills the order. Brown receives the widgets and pays for them. The forms do not agree as to the term of arbitration. Therefore, if a dispute arises, the arbitration clause is not part of the contract. Instead, a UCC gap-filling provision is used. Since the Code does not supply arbitration, Brown is able to avoid Smith's term and bring an action in court. Examples Laidlaw v. Organ, 15 U.S. 178 (1817) the seller of tobacco was not entitled to get out of a contract to sell a load at a low price when it transpired that the War of 1812 had ended, and so that prices would rise (because a navy embargo was lifted). Even though the buyer stayed silent about the peace treaty that had just been agreed when he was asked if prices might rise, he was entitled to enforce the contract. Pando v. Fernandez, 127 Misc.2d 224 (N.Y. Sup. Ct. 1984) it was held that it was not impossible to prove that a boy had agreed with the winner of $2.8m in a lottery that she would share the winnings with him ProCD, Inc. v. Zeidenberg, 86 F.3d 1447 (7th Cir. 1996) the click of a button accepting a license's terms on software counts as agreement Specht v. Netscape, 306 F.3d 17 (2d Cir. 2002) simply clicking a download button does not indicate agreement to the terms of a contract if those terms were not conspicuous Seixas v. Woods 2 Cai. R. 48 (N.Y. Sup. Ct. 1804) a contract was binding despite making a mistake Consideration and estoppel Consideration is something of value given by a promissor to a promisee in exchange for something of value given by a promisee to a promissor. Typical examples of things of value are acts, forbearances, and/or promises to do so. The latter referring to those things that a party has a legal privilege to do in the first place. So, promising to refrain from committing a tort or crime is not a thing of value for purposes of consideration. This is known as the bargain theory of consideration and requires that the promises to exchange the things be reciprocally induced. This is especially important for the discussion of past consideration, below. Consideration must be sufficient, but courts do not weigh the adequacy of consideration, partially because in a capitalistic society private parties are entitled and expected to determine the value of things for themselves. In other words, the things being exchanged must have some value in the eyes of the law, but the general rule is that courts do not care how much. Love and affection, for example, would not constitute sufficient consideration, but a penny would. However, sufficient consideration that is grossly inadequate may be deemed unconscionable, discussed below. Moreover, things that ordinarily constitute sufficient consideration may be deemed insufficient when they are being exchanged for fungible things. For example, $1 is ordinarily sufficient consideration, and $100 is ordinarily sufficient consideration. However, if Alan and Betty agree to exchange $1 for $100, it would not be an enforceable contract for lack of consideration. An exception to this exception is when there is special significance to the $1 bill itself, such as if it was the first dollar a person made in business and carries tremendous sentimental value, similar to the peppercorn rule. Fungible things do not have to be money, though. They can be grains stored in a silo, for example. One bushel of grain being exchanged for 100 bushels of the same grain would not be sufficient consideration. Past acts cannot constitute consideration. For example, an employer lays off an employee but promises to give him a pension in exchange for his long and faithful service to the company. It is impossible for the employee to presently promise to have worked all those years for the pension. He worked for the paychecks that the company promised in the past, not knowing whether a pension lay in the future. He might have hoped to one day receive a pension, but the company did not promise one until his layoff. Note, in this situation, the employee may be able to prevail on a claim of promissory restitution, but there is no contract for lack of consideration. Promissory estoppel is a separate cause of action to breach of contract, requiring separate elements to be shown. It has the effect that in many contract like situations, the requirement of consideration need not be present. The elements of promissory estoppel are: an express or implied promise; detrimental reliance by the promisee foreseeable to a reasonable person in the promissor's position; actual detrimental reliance by the promisee (worsening of their position); and for specific performance (as opposed to reliance damages), injustice can only be avoided by enforcing the promise. Examples Angel v. Murray, 322 A.2d 630 (RI 1974) modification of a contract does not require consideration if the change is made in good faith and agreed by both parties. Hamer v. Sidway, 124 N.Y. 538, 27 N.E. 256 (N.Y. 1891) promising to not behave anti-socially amounted to valid consideration for a contract, in this case payment of money by an uncle to a nephew to not swear, drink, gamble and smoke. Kirksey v. Kirksey, Ala. Sup. 8 Ala. 131 (1845) an old case holding that it was not sufficient consideration to promise to visit a person, in return for getting a house. Lingenfelder v. Wainwright Brewing Co., 15 S.W. 844 (1891) promising not to sue did not amount to valid consideration McMichael v. Price, 58 P.2d 549 (OK 1936) mutuality of obligation, and an illusory promise. It was not illusory to promise to buy all sand from one supplier, even though there was no contractual obligation to buy any sand at all. This meant there was sufficient mutuality of obligation. Wood v. Lucy, Lady Duff-Gordon, 222 N.Y. 88, 118 N.E. 214 (1917) it was sufficient consideration to promise to represent someone's interests. Salsbury v. Northwestern Bell Telephone Co., 221 N.W.2d 609 (IA 1974) charitable subscriptions can be enforced without consideration or detrimental reliance. Formality Ordinarily, contracts do not have to be in writing to be enforceable. However, certain types of contracts do have to be reduced to writing to be enforceable, to prevent frauds and perjuries, hence the name statute of frauds, which also makes it not a misnomer (fraud need not be present to implicate the statute of frauds). Typically the following types of contracts implicate the statute of frauds: Land, including leases over a year and easements Suretyships (promises to answer for the debts, defaults, or miscarriages of another) Consideration of marriage (not to actually get married but to give a dowry, for example) Goods over a certain amount of money (usually $500, as in the UCC) Contracts that cannot be performed within one year For example, a two-year employment contract naturally cannot be performed within one year. In many states lifetime contracts are not considered to fall within the Statute of Frauds reasoning that life can end at any time, certainly within one year from the time of execution. In other states, notably Illinois, contracts requiring performance for a lifetime are covered by the Statute. The statute of frauds requires the signature of the party against whom enforcement is sought (the party to be sued for failure to perform). For example, Bob contracts with the Smith Company for two years of employment. The employer would need to sign the writing. Moreover, the writing for purposes of satisfying the statute of frauds does not need to be the actual contract. It might be a letter, memorializing and formalizing an oral arrangement already made over the phone. Therefore, the signed writing does not need to contain all of the terms that the parties agreed to. At common law, only the essential terms were required in the signed writing. Under the UCC, the only term that must be present in the writing is the quantity. The writing also does not need to be one document, but if there are multiple documents, they must all obviously refer to the same transaction, and they all must be signed. The signature itself does not need to be a full name. Any mark made with the intent to authenticate the writing is satisfactory, such as initials or even such as an X by an illiterate party. A contract that may otherwise be unenforceable under the statute of frauds may become enforceable under the doctrine of part performance. If the party seeking enforcement of the contract has partially or fulfilled its duties under the contract without objection from the other party, the performing party may be able to use its performance to hold the other party to the terms of the contract. No writing is required when: Goods have been received and accepted; Payment has been made and accepted; Goods are specially manufactured (there is no market for them); or under the UCC, the party against whom enforcement is being sought admits a certain quantity of goods. The last exception applies up to the quantity admitted, which may include the entire contract. This reversed the rule at common law that permitted a defendant to testify that he indeed contracted with the plaintiff but refuses to perform because it is not in writing. Privity Under the principle of privity, a person may not reap the benefits or be required to suffer the burdens of a contract to which they were not a party. Breach of contract Performance Jacob & Youngs, Inc. v. Kent, 230 N.Y. 239 (1921) a builder who used the wrong kind of piping in construction of a building was entitled to payment, as he had substantially performed the work, but subject to a deduction for the difference in value of the wrong piping. Damages The primary remedy for breach of contract is expectation damages, or "benefit of the bargain." At law, this is monetary compensation. At equity, it can be specific performance or an injunction, among other things. For example, Dan and Pam have an enforceable contract for the sale of Dan's watch. The price they agreed to was $10. The actual value of the watch is $15. Pam would be able to successfully pursue a claim for $5. She might elect this route if she did not want to keep the watch but sell it to a third party for a profit. Alternatively, Pam could successfully pursue a claim whereby the court would order Dan to sell the watch for the original price. She might elect this route if she actually wanted the watch for herself. The remedy for quasi-contracts (contracts implied in law) is quantum meruit, the reasonable or "fair market" value of goods or services rendered. The remedy for promissory estoppel is reliance damages. Examples Hawkins v. McGee, 84 N.H. 114, 146 A. 641 (N.H. 1929) the plaintiff's hand was injured by electrical wiring, and the doctor promised surgery to give him a 100% good hand. The operation failed, and the plaintiff won damages to the value of what he expected to get, compared to what he had. However, he received no extra compensation for pain and suffering. United States Naval Institute v. Charter Communications, Inc., 936 F.2d 692 (Second Cir. 1991) punitive damages and efficient breach, The Hunt for Red October Snepp v. United States 444 U.S. 507 (1980) restitution damages Specific performance Specific performance occurs when a court orders a party to perform a specific act. In the context of a contract, specific performance requires that a party in breach fulfill its duties under the contract. Arbitration Parties are permitted to agree to arbitrate disputes arising from their contracts. Under the Federal Arbitration Act (which has been interpreted to cover all contracts arising under federal or state law), arbitration clauses are generally enforceable unless the party resisting arbitration can show unconscionability, fraud or something else that undermines the entire contract. Quasi-contract The terms quasi-contract and contract implied in law are synonymous. There are two types of quasi-contract. One is an action in restitution. The other is unjust enrichment. Note, therefore, that it is improper to say that quasi-contract, implied in law contract, and unjust enrichment are all synonymous, because unjust enrichment is only one type of the broader category of quasi-contracts (contracts implied in law). Contracts implied in law differ from contracts implied in fact in that contracts implied in law are not true contracts. Contracts implied in fact are ones that the parties involved presumably intended. In contracts implied in law, one party may have been completely unwilling to participate, as shown below, especially for an action in restitution. There has been no mutual assent, in other words, but public policy essentially requires a remedy. Unjust Enrichment The elements of this cause of action are: conferral of a benefit on another; the other's knowledge of the benefit; the other's acceptance or retention of the benefit; circumstances requiring the other to pay the fair value for the benefit to avoid inequity. Britton v. Turner, 6 N.H. 481 (1834) an employee who left work on a farm after nine months, but had contracted to be paid $120 at the end of one year, was entitled to receive some payment ($95) even though the contract was not completed. Restitution The full name of this cause of action is "restitution for actions required to preserve another's life or health." It is available when a party supplies goods or services to someone else, even though the recipient is unaware or does not consent. Unawareness and non-consent can both be due to unconsciousness, but the latter also includes incapacity, which in turn refers to mental incompetence and/or infancy (minority). The elements of this cause of action are: the supplier acts "unofficiously", that is, isn't interfering in the affairs of the recipient for no reason; the supplier acts with the intent to charge money for doing so; the goods or services are necessary to prevent the recipient from suffering serious bodily injury or pain; the recipient is unable to consent; the supplier has no reason to know that the recipient would not consent if they could; and, if the recipient is "extremely" mentally incompetent or young and objects, the non-consent is immaterial. Construction Uniform Commercial Code §2-301 Restatement §201(1) Uniform Commercial Code §2-313(1)(b) Frigaliment Importing Company v BNS International Sales Corp, 190 FSupp 116 (SDNY 1960) Friendly J Express terms Henningsen v. Bloomfield Motors, on warranties Restatement §213, parol evidence rule: a written agreement that is completely integrated discharges prior oral agreements in its scope. Mitchill v Lath 247 NY 377 (1928) Masterson v Sine 68 Cal 2d 222 (1968) Traynor J Restatement §203, trade usage non-excluded by parol evidence rules Columbia Nitrogen Corp v Royster Co, 451 F 2d 3 (4th 1971) 31,000 tons of phosphate a year for $50 a ton. The buyer could rely on custom of adjusting prices in the fertilizer industry despite the contract's express price, when the market fell. Southern Concrete Services v Mableton Contractors, Inc, 407 F Supp 581 (ND Ga 1975) Implied terms Restatement §223, courts can supply a missing term by resorting to trade usage or course of dealing "which is fairly to be regarded as establishing a common basis of understanding" UCC §1-205 and 2-208 Wood v. Lucy, Lady Duff-Gordon, 118 NE 214 (1917) Cardozo J, promise to use reasonable efforts to generate license revenues properly implied. "The law has outgrown its primitive stage of formalism when the precise word was the sovereign talisman, and every slip was fatal.... A promise may be lacking, and yet the whole writing may be 'instinct with and obligation,' imperfectly expressed...." UCC 2-306(2) Bloor v Falstaff Brewing Corp 601 F2d 609 (2nd 1979) Friendly J, breach of best efforts covenant Uniform Commercial Code §315 Kellogg Bridge Company v. Hamilton, 110 U.S. 108 (1884) there was an implied warranty of fitness for the Kellog Co to build a bridge for a railway company. Kirke La Shelle Company v. The Paul Armstrong Company et al, 263 NY 79 (1933) "In every contract there is an implied covenant that neither party shall do anything, which will have the effect of destroying or injuring the right of the other party, to receive the fruits of the contract, which means that in every contract there exists an implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing." Unconscionable terms Interpretation Uniform Commercial Code §2-302, 2-314, 2-316, 2-719 Moscatiello v Pittsburgh Contractors Equipment Co Pierce v Catalina Yachts, Inc Restatement (Second) of Contracts §211 Darner Motor Sales v Universal Underwriters Gordinier v Aetna Casualty & Surety Co Farm Bureau Mutual insurance Co v Sandbulte Max True Plastering Co v United States Fidelty & Guaranty Co Substance Restatement (Second) of Contracts §208 Post v Jones Williams v. Walker-Thomas Furniture Co., 350 F2d 445 (DC 1965) procedural unconscionability Pittsley v Houser People v Two Wheel Corp Maxwell v Fidelity Financial Services, Inc Kansas City Wholesale Grocery Co. v. Weber Packing Corp., 93 Utah 414 (1937) a contract clause limiting the time for allowing complaints about the delivery of a shipment of ketchup was unconscionable Buchwald v. Paramount, Cal. App. LEXIS 634 (1990) Paramount's contract stipulating it would only pay for work if a $288m film earned a net profit was unconscionable. Harris v. Blockbuster, Inc., 622 F.Supp.2d 396 (2009) Henningsen v. Bloomfield Motors, Inc., 161 A2d 69 (1960) Consumer protection Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act 2010 Fair Debt Collection Practices Act Fair Credit Reporting Act Truth in Lending Act Fair Credit Billing Act Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act Federal Trade Commission U.S. Department of Justice Cancelling the contract Mistake Unilateral mistakes Donovan v. RRL Corp., 109 Cal.Rptr.2d 807 (2001). Restatement, Second, Contracts §§153-154 Speckel v Perkins Mutual mistakes, shared assumptions Restatement, Second, Contracts §§151-152 and 154 Sherwood v. Walker 66 Mich 568, 33 NW 919 (1887) Nester v Michigan Land & Iron Co Griffith v Brymer Wood v Boynton Firestone & Parson, Inc v Union League of Philadelphia Everett v Estate of Sumstad Lenawee County Board of Health v. Messerly, 331 N.W.2d 203 (1982) it transpired an illegal septic system had contaminated the ground. Beachcomber Coins, Inc v Boskett Uniform Commercial Code §§2-312 to 2-315 Transcription mistakes Restatement, Second, Contracts §§155 Chimart Associates v Paul Duress and undue influence Duress Misrepresentation United States v. Spearin, 248 U.S. 132 (1918) superior knowledge of US government Helene Curtis Industries, Inc. v. United States (160 Ct. Cl. 437, 312 F.2d 774 (1963) the superior knowledge doctrine gives the US government a duty of disclosure Laidlaw v. Organ 15 U.S. 178 (1817), on caveat emptor Obde v. Schlemeyer 56 Wash 2d 449, 353 P2d 672 (Supreme Court of Washington, 1960) termite infested house not revealed to buyers. Even though no questions asked, seller still liable for failure to disclose. Smith v. Bolles, 132 U.S. 125 (1889) damages for misrepresentation of share sale did not entitle the buyer to get money as if the representation were true Illegality ProCD v. Zeidenberg, copyrights SCO v. DaimlerChrysler, license agreements Stoddard v. Martin 1 R.I. 1 (1828) a contract to bet on the outcome of a Senate election was void, because it was contrary to public policy to gamble. See also Restatement (Second) of Contracts 1962-1979 Uniform Commercial Code Uniform Commercial Code adoption English contract law United States tort law Civil Procedure in the United States Contract theory References Further reading Texts I Ayres and RE Speidel, Studies in Contract Law (2008) SJ Burton and MA Eisenberg, Contract Law: Selected Source Materials Annotated (2011) MA Chirelstein, Concepts and Case Analysis in the Law of Contracts (6th edn 2010) EA Farnsworth, Contracts (2008) LL Fuller, MA Eisenberg and MP Gergen Basic Contract Law (9th edn 2013) CL Knapp, NM Crystal and HG Prince, Problems in Contract Law: Cases and Materials (7th edn Aspen 2012) Books OW Holmes, The Common Law (1890) chs 7-9 G Gilmore, The Death of Contract (1974) Articles MR Cohen, 'The Basis of Contract' (1933) 46 Harvard Law Review 553 LL Fuller and WR Perdue, 'The Reliance Interest in Contract Damages' (1936) 46 Yale Law Journal 52-96 Goldberg, 'Institutional Change and the Quasi-Invisible Hand' (1974) 17 JLE 461 R Hale, 'Force and the State: A Comparison of "Political" and "Economic" Compulsion' (1935) 35 Columbia LR 149 MJ Horwitz, 'The History of the Public/Private Distinction' (1982) 130(6) University of Pennsylvania LR 1423 D. Kennedy, 'Distributive and Paternalist Motives in Contract and Tort Law, with special reference to compulsory terms and unequal bargaining power' (1982) 41(4) Maryland Law Review 563 F Kessler, 'Contracts of Adhesion – Some Thoughts About Freedom of Contract' (1943) 43(5) Columbia Law Review 629 R Pound, 'Liberty of Contract' (1909) 18 Yale LJ 454 Contract theory Carnival Cruise Lines, Inc. v. Shute, on forum selection clauses The Bremen v. Zapata Off-Shore Company, forum selection clauses Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge, on the Constitution's Contract Clause Marquez v. Screen Actors Guild Inc., on the validity of union shop contracts Salazar v. Ramah Navajo Chapter, 567 U.S. ___ (2012) the US government's obligation to honor contracts with Native Americans. Law of obligations, tort, unjust enrichment and trusts Freedom of contract and regulation Autonomy Bargaining power and inequality of bargaining power Will theory, promise "Promise" in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Arthur Linton Corbin Adverse selection, moral hazard, information asymmetry Complete contract and default rule Agency cost, principal and agent problem External links Uniform Commercial Code
17332750	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20railway%20stations%20in%20Kazakhstan	List of railway stations in Kazakhstan	Railway stations in Kazakhstan include: Maps UN Map reliefweb map Towns (Stations should be in line order) Existing Ganyushkino - near Russian border Atyrau Beyneu Aqtau - port on Caspian Sea Aqtober - near Russian border Embi Shalqar Baikonur - spaceport Qyzylorda Tashkent, Uzbekistan Shymkent Zhambyl Dostyk-Alashankou on China border; break-of-gauge Kokshetau - Kokshetau-1 railway station, Kokshetau-2 railway station Almaty - Almaty-1 railway station, Almaty-2 railway station Shu - junction Beskol Saryshagan Balqash Sayak Qaraghandy Nur-Sultan - Astana railway station Aktogay - Aktogay railway station (Second through route opened 2012) Zhetigen, Kazakhstan Altynkol railway station gauge Korgas Transfer Hub on border with China; break-of-gauge gauge Jinghe, China - junction Under construction Uzen Gyzylgaya, Turkmenistan Bereket Etrek Gorgan, Iran proposed standard gauge line across Kazakhstan to China will be announced later in 2010 under auspicies of ECO. See also Transport in Kazakhstan Break-of-gauge Tengri Unitrade CARGO References External links Railway stations Kazakhstan Kazakhstan Railway stations
6901343	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melchor%20Li%C3%B1%C3%A1n%20y%20Cisneros	Melchor Liñán y Cisneros	Melchor Liñán y Cisneros (sometimes Melchor de Liñán y Cisneros) (December 19, 1629, Madrid – June 28, 1708, Lima, Peru) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Archbishop of Lima (1677–1708), Archbishop of La Plata o Charcas (1672–1675), Bishop of Popayán (1667–1672), and Bishop of Santa Marta (1664–1668). He also served as Viceroy of Peru from July 7, 1678 to November 20, 1681. Biography Melchor de Liñán y Cisneros was born in Madrid, Spain. He studied theology in the University of Alcalá de Henares, where he took his doctorate. Thereafter he was chaplain in Buitrago. He was also calificador (censor) of the Holy Office of the Inquisition. On October 6, 1664, Pope Alexander VII, appointed him Bishop of Santa Marta. In 1665, he was consecrated bishop by Antonio Sanz Lozano, Bishop of Cartagena. On January 26, 1668, Pope Clement IX, appointed him Bishop of Popayán. In 1671, he was sent as visitador (inspector) to Nuevo Reino de Granada in what is now Colombia because of the inaction of Diego de Villalba y Toledo, president of the Audiencia. He replaced Villabla in that position on June 2, 1671. At the same time he served as interim governor and captain general of Nuevo Reino de Granada. On February 8, 1672, Pope Clement X, appointed him Archbishop of La Plata o Charcas. On June 14, 1677, Pope Innocent XI appointed him Archbishop of Lima. On July 7, 1678, he was appointed viceroy of Peru serving until November 20, 1681. As viceroy, he improved the fortifications of the port of Callao to defend against attacks by Dutch filibusters. He repressed rebellions of the clergy, who were opposed to the nomination of prelates from Spain—the Franciscans in Cuzco and the Dominicans in Quito. On the death of the Peruvian astronomer Doctor Francisco Ruiz Lozano, Viceroy Liñán y Cisneros (with the approval of the Crown) gave mathematics a permanent position in the University of San Marcos. Mathematics was attached to the chair of cosmography. Doctor Juan Ramón Koening, a Belgian by birth, was named to the chair. As a reward for his services, the Spanish Crown granted Liñán y Cisneros the title of conde de la Puebla de los Valles. He wrote Ofensa y defensa de la libertad eclesiástica (Offense and Defence of Ecclesiastical Liberty). He died in Lima in 1708. Episcopal succession While bishop, he was the principal consecrator of: References External links and additional sources Short biography (for Chronology of Bishops) (for Chronology of Bishops) (for Chronology of Bishops) (for Chronology of Bishops) (for Chronology of Bishops) (for Chronology of Bishops) (for Chronology of Bishops) (for Chronology of Bishops) 1629 births 1708 deaths Viceroys of Peru 17th-century Roman Catholic archbishops in New Spain Bishops appointed by Pope Alexander VII Bishops appointed by Pope Clement IX Bishops appointed by Pope Innocent XI Bishops appointed by Pope Clement X 17th-century Roman Catholic bishops in New Granada 17th-century Roman Catholic bishops in Bolivia 17th-century Roman Catholic bishops in Peru Roman Catholic archbishops of Lima Roman Catholic bishops of Santa Marta Roman Catholic bishops of Popayán Roman Catholic archbishops of Sucre
6901350	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancie%20Caraway	Nancie Caraway	Nancie Ellen Caraway (born February 2, 1942) is the former First Lady of the U.S. state of Hawaii from 2010 to 2014. She is the spouse of former First Congressional District U.S. Representative and former Governor of Hawaii Neil Abercrombie. Caraway is a University of Hawaii at Manoa political scientist, feminist scholar and activist, a member of the university's Globalization Research Center and its Director of Women's Human Rights, leading its Trafficking Project. She is also a mentor and lecturer at the East–West Center. Caraway was born in Alabama and arrived in Hawaii from Houston, Texas. She received her bachelor of arts degree in political science at the University of Hawaii at Manoa in 1980. She was a resident of New York City while studying for her Master of Science degree in journalism at Columbia University. She married her husband, Neil Abercrombie, in 1981 in Palm Springs, California. She returned to Hawaii and completed a master of arts in 1986 and doctorate in 1991, both in political science. Following her husband to Washington, D.C. where he served in the United States Congress, Caraway became an assistant professor at Georgetown University, George Washington University and American University. An author, Caraway won the Victoria Schuck Award—an international award for the best book on women and politics—from the American Political Science Association for her 1992 book, Segregated Sisterhood: Racism and the Politics of American Feminism, also the title of her University of Hawaii at Manoa doctoral dissertation. Further reading References American women political scientists American political scientists Living people First Ladies and Gentlemen of Hawaii University of Hawaiʻi faculty American feminist writers University of Hawaiʻi alumni Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism alumni 1942 births American women academics 21st-century American women
6901363	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian%20Etheridge	Brian Etheridge	Brian Etheridge may refer to: Brian Etheridge, character in comic book series V for Vendetta Brian Etheridge (footballer) (born 1944), retired English footballer
6901375	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Shorthorn	The Shorthorn	The Shorthorn is the campus newspaper for the University of Texas at Arlington. It is published online daily with a print digest on Wednesday during the fall and spring semesters. During the summer, all content is published online since no print edition is produced. The Shorthorn has been in print since 1919. It is a fully functional student-run publication. The newspaper has won many awards for excellence in college journalism including the Columbia Scholastic Press Association Gold Crown award, the Texas Associated Press Managing Editors award, and the Texas Intercollegiate Press Sweepstakes award. The Shorthorn won the National Pacemaker Award in 2021, 2020, 2018, 2017, 2016 & 2015 The newspaper has been actively providing online content since 1997. In 2019, The Shorthorn celebrated its 100th anniversary, marking it as UT Arlington's oldest tradition. Reese Oxner served as editor in chief during its centennial year. Notable staff alumni Michael Ainsworth - Pulitzer prize-winning photographer Tom Fox - Pulitzer prize-winning photographer Brad Loper - Pulitzer prize-winning photographer Michael Phillips - Noted historian See also List of college newspapers References External links University of Texas at Arlington Student newspapers published in Texas
17332785	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WaveMaker	WaveMaker	WaveMaker is an enterprise grade Java low code platform for building software applications and platforms. WaveMaker Inc. is headquartered in Mountain view, California. For enterprises, WaveMaker is a low code platform that accelerates their app development and IT modernization efforts. For ISVs, it is a consumable low code component that can sit inside their product and offer customizations. WaveMaker Platform is a licensed software that enables organizations to run their own end-to-application platform-as-a-service (aPaaS) for building and running custom apps. It also allows developers and business users to work with technologies to create apps that can be extended or customized. Those apps can consume APIs, visualize data and automatically support multi-device responsive interfaces. WaveMaker low code platform enables organizations to deploy applications on public or private cloud infrastructure, and containers can be deployed on top of virtual machines or on bare metal. The software provides a Graphical User Interface (GUI) console to manage the IT app infrastructure and capabilities based on Docker containerization. The solution provides features for app deployment automation, app lifecycle management, release management, deployment workflow and access rights, including: Apps for web, tablet, and smartphone interfaces Enterprise technologies like Java, Hibernate, Spring, AngularJS, JQuery Docker-provided APIs and CLI Software stack packaging, container provisioning, stack and app upgrading, replication, and fault tolerance WaveMaker Studio WaveMaker RAD Platform is built around WaveMaker Studio - a WYSIWYG rapid development tool that allows computer-literate business users to compose an application using a drag-and-drop method. WaveMaker Studio supports rapid application development (RAD) for the web, similar to what products like PowerBuilder and Lotus Notes provided for client server computing. WaveMaker Studio allows developers to produce an application once, then auto-adjust it for a particular target platform, whether a PC, mobile phone, or tablet. Applications created using the WaveMaker Studio follow a model–view–controller architecture. WaveMaker Studio has been downloaded more than two million times. The Studio community consists of 30,000 registered users. Applications generated by WaveMaker Studio are licensed under the Apache license. Studio 8 was released September 25, 2015. The prior version, Studio 7, has some notable development milestones. It was based on AngularJS framework, previous Studio versions (6.7, 6.6, 6.5) use the Dojo Toolkit. Some of the features of WaveMaker Studio 7 include: Automatic generation of Hibernate mapping, Hibernate queries from database schema import. Automatic creation of Enterprise Data Widgets based on schema import. Each widget can display data from a database table as a grid or edit form. Edit form implements create, update, delete functions automatically. WYSIWYG Ajax development studio runs in a browser. Deployment to Tomcat, IBM WebSphere, Weblogic, JBoss. Mashup tool to assemble web applications based on SOAP, REST and RSS web services, Java Services and databases. Supports existing CSS, HTML and Java code. Deploys a standard Java .war file. Technologies and Frameworks WaveMaker allows users to build applications that run on "Open Systems Stack" based on the following technologies and frameworks: AngularJS, Bootstrap, NVD3, HTML, CSS, Apache Cordova, Hibernate, Spring, Spring Security, Java. The various supported integrations include: Databases: Oracle, MySQL, Microsoft SQL Server, PostgreSQL, IBM DB2, HSQLDB Authentication: LDAP, Active Directory, CAS, Custom Java Service, Database Version Control: Bitbucket (or Stash), GitHub, Apache Subversion Deployment: Amazon AWS, Microsoft Azure, WaveMaker Private Cloud (Docker containerization), IBM Web Sphere, Apache Tomcat, SpringSource tcServer, Oracle WebLogic Server, JBoss(WildFly), GlassFish App Stores: Google Play, Apple App Store, Windows Store History WaveMaker was founded as ActiveGrid in 2003. In November 2007, ActiveGrid was rebranded as WaveMaker. WaveMaker was acquired by VMware, Inc in March 2011 but after two years VMWare terminated the support for the WaveMaker project in March 2013. In May 2013, Pramati Technologies acquired the assets of WaveMaker from VMWare. In February 2014, WaveMaker, Inc. released WaveMaker Studio 6.7, the last version of the open source, downloadable Studio. In September 2014, WaveMaker, Inc. launched WaveMaker RAD Platform (with WaveMaker Studio version 7), licensed software that enabled organizations to run their own end-to-end application platform as a service (aPaaS) for building and running custom apps. References External links JavaScript libraries Ajax (programming) Web frameworks Linux integrated development environments Java development tools Unix programming tools User interface builders Java platform software Cloud computing providers Cloud platforms Web applications Rich web application frameworks JavaScript JavaScript web frameworks Self-hosting software Web development software IOS development software Android (operating system) development software Mobile software programming tools
20469044	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris%20Leroux	Chris Leroux	Christopher Adam Leroux (born April 14, 1984) is a Canadian former professional baseball pitcher and television personality. He played for the Florida Marlins, Pittsburgh Pirates, and New York Yankees in Major League Baseball (MLB) and for the Tokyo Yakult Swallows of Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB). Leroux also competed for the Canadian national baseball team in international competitions. Career Amateur career Leroux attended St. Joseph Secondary School in Mississauga, Ontario. The Tampa Bay Devil Rays selected Leroux in the ninth round in the 2002 MLB draft, but he did not sign. He attended Winthrop University, where he played college baseball for the Winthrop Eagles baseball team. He also played collegiate summer baseball for the Falmouth Commodores of the Cape Cod League in 2004. Professional career Minor leagues The Florida Marlins selected Leroux in the seventh round of the 2005 MLB draft, and he signed. In 2006, Leroux was assigned to the Greensboro Grasshoppers of the Class A South Atlantic League, where he made three starts before being injured. After a rehab assignment with the Gulf Coast Marlins of the Rookie-level Gulf Coast League, he was assigned to the Jamestown Jammers of the Class A-Short Season New York-Penn League. In 11 total starts, he went 0-4 with a 6.06 earned run average (ERA), striking out 22 in innings pitched. Leroux played 2007 with Greensboro, where in 46 appearances, he went 2-3 with a 4.14 ERA, striking out 76 in innings. Leroux played 2008 with the Jupiter Hammerheads of the Class A-Advanced Florida State League, where in 57 games, he went 6-7 with a 3.65 ERA and one save, striking out 78 in 74 innings. Leroux began 2009 with the Jacksonville Suns of the Class AA Southern League, where he played until he was promoted to the major leagues by the Marlins. He had a few stints with Florida, but spent most of his time in Jacksonville, where in 46 games, he went 5-3 with a 2.70 ERA and two saves, striking out 55 in 60 innings. Florida Marlins On May 23, 2009, Leroux was recalled by the Marlins. He made his MLB debut three days later against the Philadelphia Phillies. He was optioned the next day when Brett Carroll was recalled. He rejoined the Marlins when Matt Lindstrom went on the disabled list. In his third appearance, he recorded his first MLB strikeout, which was of Cristian Guzmán. In 5 games with the Marlins, he had a 10.80 ERA with two strikeouts in innings Leroux opened 2010 with the New Orleans Zephyrs of the Class AAA Pacific Coast League (PCL), but was recalled on April 14. Leroux was placed on the 15-day disabled list on May 19 with a right elbow strain. He missed 26 games, and was subsequently assigned to New Orleans. He was recalled on September 3 when the rosters expanded. Pittsburgh Pirates Leroux was claimed off waivers by the Pittsburgh Pirates on September 13, 2010. In 23 games with both teams, he went 0-1 with a 6.75 ERA with 22 strikeouts in innings. Leroux began 2011 with the Indianapolis Indians of the Class AAA International League, but after a poor start, he was demoted to the Altoona Curve of the Class AA Eastern League. After a 5-game stint with Altoona, he returned to Indianapolis. On July 3, Leroux was recalled to Pittsburgh, replacing Brad Lincoln. He was optioned to Indianapolis on July 22, but was recalled 5 days later, only to be placed on the disabled list with a left calf strain 2 days after that. He was activated from the disabled list on August 22, and remained on the roster for the rest of the season. In 23 games with the Pirates, he went 1–1 with a 2.88 ERA. Prior to the 2012 season, Leroux was placed on the 60-day DL with a right pectoral strain. He rejoined the club as a September call-up after rehab and an assignment to the AAA Indianapolis Indians. In 10 games with the Pirates, he had a 5.56 ERA with 12 strikeouts in 11.2 innings. Leroux made the 2013 Opening Day roster with the Pirates, but was designated for assignment on April 12 after pitching in 2 games. He elected free agency on April 17, 2013. Tokyo Yakult Swallows On April 23, 2013, Leroux signed with the Tokyo Yakult Swallows of the Central League of Nippon Professional Baseball. New York Yankees On January 27, 2014, Leroux signed a minor league contract with the New York Yankees. The deal included an invitation to major league spring training. Leroux began the season with the Scranton/Wilkes-Barre RailRiders of the International League. He made his Yankee debut on April 29, 2014. He was designated for assignment on May 3, 2014. He was called back up by the Yankees on July 23, 2014, but was designated for assignment two days later. He was called back up a third time on August 11, 2014 and again designated for assignment two days later. After the 2014 season, he became a free agent. After pitching two innings, he earned a 22.50 ERA, a loss, and didn't earn a win. Later career Leroux signed a minor league deal with the Milwaukee Brewers on January 26, 2015. He began the season with the Colorado Springs Sky Sox of the PCL. On May 18, 2015, he was traded to the Philadelphia Phillies for cash considerations. He spent the rest of the season with the Reading Fightin Phils of the Eastern League and the Lehigh Valley IronPigs of the International League. On April 3, 2016, Leroux was traded to the Toronto Blue Jays for cash considerations, and assigned to the Buffalo Bisons of the International League. He was released on August 28. After playing for the Canadian national team in the 2017 World Baseball Classic, Leroux retired from baseball. International career He was selected to the Canada national baseball team at the 2009 World Baseball Classic, 2013 World Baseball Classic, 2015 Pan American Games, 2015 WBSC Premier12, 2017 World Baseball Classic, 2019 Pan American Games Qualifier, 2019 Pan American Games and 2019 WBSC Premier12. Pitching style Leroux throws three pitches: a four-seam fastball and two-seam fastball in the low-to-mid 90s, and a slider in the low-to-mid 80s. He also used to throw a changeup to left-handed hitters, but he dropped it after the 2011 season to simplify his pitching approach. Personal life In 2017, Leroux was cast as the Bachelor on The Bachelor Canada. References External links 1984 births Living people Altoona Curve players Bachelor Nation contestants Baseball people from Quebec Baseball players at the 2015 Pan American Games Baseball players at the 2019 Pan American Games Bradenton Marauders players Canadian expatriate baseball players in Japan Canadian expatriate baseball players in the United States Canadian people of French descent Colorado Springs Sky Sox players Falmouth Commodores players Florida Marlins players Greensboro Grasshoppers players Gulf Coast Marlins players Gulf Coast Yankees players Indianapolis Indians players Jacksonville Suns players Jamestown Jammers players Jupiter Hammerheads players Major League Baseball pitchers Major League Baseball players from Canada Navegantes del Magallanes players Canadian expatriate baseball players in Venezuela New York Yankees players New Orleans Zephyrs players Nippon Professional Baseball pitchers Pan American Games gold medalists for Canada Pan American Games silver medalists for Canada Pan American Games medalists in baseball Pittsburgh Pirates players Scranton/Wilkes-Barre RailRiders players Sportspeople from Montreal Tokyo Yakult Swallows players Toros del Este players Canadian expatriate baseball players in the Dominican Republic Winthrop Eagles baseball players World Baseball Classic players of Canada 2009 World Baseball Classic players 2013 World Baseball Classic players 2015 WBSC Premier12 players 2017 World Baseball Classic players 2019 WBSC Premier12 players Medalists at the 2015 Pan American Games Medalists at the 2019 Pan American Games
17332795	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B3bert%20Ilosfalvy	Róbert Ilosfalvy	Róbert Ilosfalvy (June 18, 1927 – January 6, 2009) was a Hungarian operatic tenor; he possessed a voice of lyric grace and dramatic power enabling him to sing a wide range of roles in the Italian, German, and French repertories. Life Born in Hódmezővásárhely, Hungary, he began his career as a cantor singing in the Szentharomsag (Holy Trinity) Roman Catholic Church in his hometown, before studying at the Budapest Music Academy with Andor Lendvai. In 1953, after winning a first prize in a vocal competition in Bucharest, he made his operatic debut there. He returned to Hungary and sang at the Budapest Opera, also making guest appearances in Poland, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, and Russia. In 1964, he began a career in West Germany, singing in Stuttgart, Berlin, Hamburg, Cologne, Munich, also making guest appearances at La Monnaie in Brussels, the Royal Opera House in London, the San Francisco Opera, but never at the Metropolitan Opera in New York. Ilosfalvy was particularly admired in Italian lyric roles such as Duke of Mantua, Alfredo, Rodolfo, Pinkerton, but was also able to tackle successfully more dramatic roles such as Manrico, Alvaro, Cavaradossi, and Dick Johnson. He also won acclaim as Walther von Stolzing, and Don Josė. He is probably best known for his 1969 recording of Roberto Devereux, opposite Beverly Sills. Also available is a 1976 "pirate" recording of the tenor in La fanciulla del West, with Anja Silja. Both recordings are conducted by Sir Charles Mackerras. Ilosfalvy died on January 6, 2009, aged 81, his remains are interred in Budapest's Szent Anna Roman Catholic Church. References External links Operissimo.com cafe momus komolyzenei magazin 1927 births 2009 deaths Hungarian operatic tenors 20th-century Hungarian male opera singers People from Hódmezővásárhely
17332797	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USSU	USSU	USSU may refer to: University of Salford Students' Union University of Surrey Students' Union
20469075	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobetsu%20Dam	Tobetsu Dam	Tobetsu Dam is a dam currently under construction in Hokkaidō, Japan. It started in 1980 and is scheduled for opening in 2012. Dams in Hokkaido
44500089	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matteo%20Baiocco	Matteo Baiocco	Matteo Baiocco (born 23 April 1984) is an Italian motorcycle racer. He was the CIV Superbike champion in 2011, 2012 and 2016. In 2017, he will compete in the CIV Superbike Championship aboard an Aprilia RSV4. Career statistics Supersport World Championship Races by year Superbike World Championship Races by year References External links Profile on WorldSBK.com 1984 births Living people Italian motorcycle racers Superbike World Championship riders Supersport World Championship riders Sportspeople from the Province of Ancona FIM Superstock 1000 Cup riders British Superbike Championship riders
17332810	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farnham%20Farm	Farnham Farm	The Farnham Farm is historic farm at 113 Mount Pleasant Avenue on Prudence Island in Portsmouth, Rhode Island. The farm was started by the Dennis family after the original farms on Prudence Island were burned and destroyed by the British during the American Revolution around the time of the Battle of Rhode Island. The farm contains several extant structures including a house (ca. 1805), barn (ca. 1850), milk house, fields, garden, woodland, orchard, and stone walls. The Dennis family sold the house to the Farnhams in 1867. The site was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2006. The farm is now owned by the Prudence Conservancy, a local preservation organization. See also National Register of Historic Places listings in Newport County, Rhode Island References Farms on the National Register of Historic Places in Rhode Island Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Rhode Island Houses in Newport County, Rhode Island Buildings and structures in Portsmouth, Rhode Island 1805 establishments in Rhode Island National Register of Historic Places in Newport County, Rhode Island
44500098	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernesto%20Javier%20G%C3%B3mez%20Barrales	Ernesto Javier Gómez Barrales	Ernesto Javier Gómez Barrales (born 7 November 1978) is a Mexican politician from the National Action Party. In 2009 he served as Deputy of the LX Legislature of the Mexican Congress representing Puebla. References 1978 births Living people Politicians from Puebla Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Mexico) National Action Party (Mexico) politicians 21st-century Mexican politicians Deputies of the LX Legislature of Mexico Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Mexico) for Puebla
17332815	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mummer%20%28disambiguation%29	Mummer (disambiguation)	Strictly speaking, a mummer is an actor in a traditional seasonal folk play. The term is also humorously (or derogatorily) applied to any actor. Mummer may also refer to: A participant in the New Year's Day Mummers Parade in Philadelphia, USA, and other similar festivals A participant in the Newfoundland and Labrador Christmas time tradition of mummering A participant in Mummer's Day, a midwinter celebration in Padstow, Cornwall, UK A mime artist, one acting out a story through body motions, without use of speech A member of the Summer Mummers theatre group in Midland, Texas, USA MUMmer, a bioinformatics software system Mummer (album), a 1983 album by the group XTC The Mummers, a band based in Brighton, England
44500115	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluny%20lace	Cluny lace	Cluny lace is a bobbin lace style, worked as a continuous piece. It is a heavy plaited lace of geometric design, often with radiating thin, pointed wheatears (closely woven leaves). It is a guipure style of lace. History Cluny lace originated in France. It appeared in the nineteenth century in Le Puy and Mirecourt in Lorraine, reputedly using designs from the Museum of Antiquities at the Hotel Cluny, Paris. Cluny lace was also made in the English Midland lacemaking areas. References External link Bobbin lace Textile arts of England
44500136	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiloepalpus%20aurifacies	Chiloepalpus aurifacies	Chiloepalpus aurifacies is a species of tachinid flies in the genus Chiloepalpus of the family Tachinidae. External links Tachinidae Insects described in 1927 Diptera of South America

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