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4044865
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamarang
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Kamarang
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Kamarang is an Amerindian village, standing at the confluence of the Kamarang River and Mazaruni River, in the Cuyuni-Mazaruni Region of Guyana.
Kamarang has a Primary School, Hospital, Police station and can be accessed by air via the Kamarang Airport.
The village has seen extensive economic growth at the start of the 21st century because of gold and diamond mining, however as of 2019, the output has started to decline. Its altitude is 490 metres (1601 feet).
Demography
According to the 2002 population census, it had 349 inhabitants.
References
Populated places in Cuyuni-Mazaruni
Indigenous villages in Guyana
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4044866
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Staveley
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William Staveley
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Lieutenant-General William Staveley (29 July 1784 – 4 April 1854) was a British Army officer who fought in the Peninsular War and later became Commander and Lieutenant Governor of Hong Kong.
Military career
Staveley was born in York, the son of William Staveley and Henrietta Henderson. He entered the British Army in 1798 as an ensign. Staveley fought in several conflicts in the Peninsular War (Battle of Talavera, Battle of Fuentes de Onoro, Battle of Vittoria, Battle of the Pyrenees, Battle of Toulouse, Siege of Ciudad Rodrigo and Battle of Badajoz and many other minor actions).
At the 1815 Battle of Waterloo, Staveley was present as a captain in the Royal Staff Corps, afterwards receiving the Companion of the Bath (CB) and a promotion to brevet Lieutenant-colonel.
He went to Mauritius in 1821 and served in various roles (deputy quartermaster-general and commandant of Port Louis) before becoming Commander and Lieutenant Governor of Hong Kong in 1847.
After leaving Hong Kong in 1851, he was given command of the Bombay Army. In 1853, he was made Colonel of the 24th Regiment of Foot and appointed commander-in-chief of the Madras Army (with local rank of lieutenant-general). He died in the Nilgiri Hills, and was buried at Ootacamund.
Staveley Street
Staveley Street () is a street in Central on the Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong, named after Staveley. The street is for pedestrians only and parallel to Peel Street.
Family
He married Sarah Mather in 1817. Their children included Charles William Dunbar Staveley, Harriet Frances Staveley, and Caroline Octavia Emma Staveley, who in 1847 married Talavera Vernon Anson RN.
References
External links
Jackson, Louis (1935). "One of Wellington's Staff Officers: Lieut.-General William Staveley, C.B.". Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research 14 (55): 155–166.
Bibliography in Staveley genealogy
His son's bibliography in Worcestershire Regiment
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1784 births
1854 deaths
British Army generals
British Army personnel of the Napoleonic Wars
Commanders of Hong Kong
Companions of the Order of the Bath
Military personnel from York
Royal Staff Corps officers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hil%C3%A1rio%20%28footballer%2C%20born%201975%29
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Hilário (footballer, born 1975)
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Henrique Hilário Meireles Alves Sampaio (born 21 October 1975), known as Hilário, is a Portuguese football coach and former player who played as a goalkeeper. He is a goalkeeping coach at Premier League club Chelsea.
He spent most of his professional career with Porto and Chelsea, mainly as a backup. He appeared in 160 Primeira Liga matches over nine seasons.
Club career
Porto and loans
Hilário was born in São Pedro da Cova, Porto District. After emerging through FC Porto's youth system, he left and began playing professionally with Associação Naval 1º de Maio and Académica de Coimbra – respectively in the Segunda Divisão and Segunda Divisão de Honra.
Hilário returned to Porto for the 1996–97 season, after Vítor Baía's departure to FC Barcelona, appearing in 18 matches as the club won the Primeira Divisão championship for the third successive season. He soon would be deemed surplus to requirements however (Baía also returned from Spain in January 1999), being loaned four times during his spell while also being demoted to the reserves.
Nacional
Released by Porto in summer 2004, Hilário signed with C.D. Nacional on a permanent basis. He played 29 matches in his first year, but lost his importance after the arrival of Swiss Diego Benaglio.
Chelsea
Hilário signed for Chelsea on 1 June 2006, joining former Porto boss José Mourinho, the two having coincided there for a brief period in the 2003–04 preseason. He was originally signed as third choice behind Petr Čech and Carlo Cudicini, but was handed a run in the first team after they both sustained injuries in a game against Reading on 14 October 2006. He made his debut on 18 October against Barcelona at Stamford Bridge, keeping a clean sheet in a 1–0 win. His Premier League debut came three days later, in a 2–1 home victory over Portsmouth.
Hilário's run in the side saw him make a total of 18 appearances during the season, not conceding any goals in eight of those – he also saved a penalty in a game away to Sheffield United. Čech's return to fitness in February 2007 saw him lose his place in the team, and was an unused substitute in the Football League Cup final win over Arsenal.
At the start of the 2007–08 campaign, Hilário found himself again third choice to both Čech and Cudicini, but made a substitute appearance against Blackburn Rovers at Ewood Park after Čech suffered a hip injury. He went on to start against Newcastle United and Fulham as his team won both matches 2–1. On 8 April 2008, he came from the bench against Fenerbahce SK (due to an injury to Cudicini) in the second leg of the quarter-finals of the UEFA Champions League (2–0 home win, 3–2 on aggregate).
Cudicini left for Tottenham Hotspur in January 2009, leaving Hilário as second choice and promoting Rhys Taylor to the first team. Hilário made his first start of 2008–09 on 7 February after an injury to Čech, in a 0–0 draw at home to Hull City. He was also an unused substitute during Chelsea's 2009 FA Cup Final defeat of Everton.
On 26 September 2009, when Čech was red carded against Wigan Athletic after a tackle on Hugo Rodallega, Hilário came on for Florent Malouda and conceded two goals in a 3–1 away loss. Due to Čech's suspension, he was in the starting line-up for the game against Liverpool at home on 4 October, and performed well, keeping a clean sheet.
Hilário made his first appearance of 2010 after coming off the bench for an injured Čech in the second half of Chelsea's 2–1 loss at Inter Milan in the first leg of the Champions League round of 16, conceding no goals in about 30 minutes. He added another in the Premier League, this time against Manchester City, conceding braces from Craig Bellamy and Carlos Tevez in their first home defeat of the 2009–10 season (4–2), although his side eventually won the championship.
In June 2011, Hilário signed a new one-year contract with Chelsea. Following the appointment of countryman André Villas-Boas as manager and the knee injury suffered by Čech in pre-season, he was propelled to the starting line-up over Ross Turnbull, appearing in two games and conceding twice in as many home wins.
Hilário was due to be released at the end of 2012–13 as his contract expired. On 1 August, however, following the return of his compatriot Mourinho as manager, he agreed to a new one-year deal with the club. He eventually left at the end of the season, before retiring from playing in August at the age of 38.
International career
Hilário received his first call-up for Portugal in November 2009, at the age of 34, as backup to Eduardo for the 2010 FIFA World Cup qualifying matches against Bosnia and Herzegovina, a role for which Beto, Daniel Fernandes, José Moreira and Rui Patrício were also tried. After being an unused substitute on that match he made his debut in the next game, coming on for Eduardo at half-time of the 2–0 friendly win over China on 3 March 2010.
Coaching career
Hilário returned to Chelsea on 22 July 2016, being appointed assistant goalkeeping coach by the newly appointed manager Antonio Conte. He was promoted to the position of goalkeeping coach under Maurizio Sarri in August 2018.
Career statistics
Club
International
Honours
Porto
Primeira Divisão: 1996–97, 1997–98
Taça de Portugal: 1999–2000
Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira: 1999
Chelsea
FA Cup: 2008–09, 2009–10
Football League Cup: 2006–07
FA Community Shield: 2009
References
External links
Chelsea official profile
National team data
1975 births
Living people
Portuguese footballers
Footballers from Porto
Association football goalkeepers
Primeira Liga players
Liga Portugal 2 players
Segunda Divisão players
FC Porto players
Associação Naval 1º de Maio players
Associação Académica de Coimbra – O.A.F. players
C.F. Estrela da Amadora players
FC Porto B players
Varzim S.C. players
C.D. Nacional players
Premier League players
Chelsea F.C. players
Portugal youth international footballers
Portugal under-21 international footballers
Portugal B international footballers
Portugal international footballers
Portuguese expatriate footballers
Expatriate footballers in England
Portuguese expatriate sportspeople in England
Association football goalkeeping coaches
Chelsea F.C. non-playing staff
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ood
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Ood
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The Ood are an alien species with telepathic abilities from the long-running science fiction series Doctor Who. In the series' narrative, they live in the distant future (circa 42nd century).
The Ood are portrayed as a slave race, naturally gentle and kind but readily susceptible to corrupting external influence. They are later emancipated from their slavery and by "The End of Time" have progressed into an advanced civilization.
Physical characteristics
The Ood are humanoid in appearance with tentacles on the lower portions of their faces. The Ood are a telepathic race; as such, they require a "translation sphere" to communicate with non-telepathic creatures. The sphere is connected to the Ood via a tube that originally connected their external brains to their body. Humans in the future would physically remove their hind brains and fix the translator sphere where the brain used to be. There appears to be no sexual differentiation among the Ood, though the Doctor seems to be able to determine their sex. When Donna refers to a dying Ood as an "it", the Doctor replies that the Ood is "a 'he', not an 'it'". The Ood say they require no names or titles as they are connected to a hive mind and function as one unit, but they do have designations given to them by humans such as "Ood 1 Alpha 1" or "Ood Sigma" to differentiate them. The Doctor suggests in "Planet of the Ood" that Ood individuality is a result of the Ood Hive Mind expressing itself differently within each Ood, saying "Funny thing, the subconscious. Takes all sorts of shapes. Came out in the Red-Eye as revenge, came out in the Rabid Ood as anger, and then there was patience. All that intelligence and mercy focused on Ood Sigma." The Ood are empaths, sharing among themselves a low-level telepathic communication field. When reaching out with their telepathic fields, it can be heard as singing. This ability has made them susceptible to telepathic control, and in several episodes they are shown to be controlled by a stronger telepathic force. Oods are a part of the Silence's religious order. They also know the Doctor's name as they had sung it to him in "Planet of the Ood".
The Ood have purple blood.
History within Doctor Who
The Ood debut in the Series 2 episode "The Impossible Planet". They are used by humans as a slave race, performing all manner of menial tasks for the humans in the episode. They are described as offering themselves for servitude willingly, having no goals of their own except to be given orders and to serve. It is also claimed that they cannot look after themselves and that, if they do not receive orders, they pine away and die. The episode also alludes to a protest group called "Friends of the Ood" who oppose Ood slavery and seek to have them freed.
According to the Official Doctor Who Annual 2007, the Ood live on a planet in the Horsehead Nebula, where they were governed by a Hive Mind that was destroyed by human colonists. The BBC-authorised book Doctor Who: Creatures and Demons elaborates that the Ood came from the Ood Sphere. The Ood Sphere is close to the Sense Sphere planet, home to the Sensorites, who share a mental and physical similarity with the Ood. Without a hive mind, the Ood offered themselves to the human colonists and became a slave race.
The Tenth Doctor and Rose Tyler encounter fifty Ood accompanying a human-led expeditionary force in "The Impossible Planet". The empathic nature of the Ood made them susceptible to psychic possession by the Beast, who formed the Ood on the base into his "Legion". While possessed, the Ood's eyes changed color to red and they killed several humans by throwing their translation spheres at them and electrocuting them. At the end of the episode, the Doctor was forced to sacrifice all the surviving Ood to the black hole around the planet because he did not have time to save both them and the human crew.
The Ood return in the Series 4 episode "Planet of the Ood", where it is revealed that they are not born to serve but are an enslaved race. The Ood translation spheres actually replaced their hind brain which had contained their individual personalities. The Doctor successfully frees the Ood by releasing the Ood hive mind, which connects all the Ood with a telepathic link. The hive mind had been sequestered from the Ood for 200 years by Ood Operations, the corporation that processed the Ood slaves; however, the Ood known as Sigma, who appears as the personal servant of Ood Operations leader Halpen, has been advancing the Ood freedom, by slowly turning him into an Ood and lowering the barrier around the giant brain that links all Ood together. The possessed "red eyed" Ood reappear in this episode, running amok at the behest of the hive mind. After being freed, all Ood across the universe are returned to the Ood Sphere. While there, Ood Sigma refers to Donna Noble as "Doctor-Donna" and prophesizes that the Doctor's "song" will soon come to an end.
Ood Sigma returns as part of the 2008–10 specials in the episode "The Waters of Mars", where he appears at the end of the episode in an attempt to contact the Doctor.
The Ood also appear in the following episode, the two-part story "The End of Time". In this episode, the Doctor finally accepts Ood Sigma's message and returns to the Ood Sphere 100 years (in their time line) after having freed them in "Planet of the Ood". The Doctor discovers that the Ood's civilisation has advanced too rapidly, and that the Ood have developed the ability to see and project themselves through time itself. The Ood reveal that this is a consequence of time "bleeding", and the elders of the Ood show the Doctor the dreams and prophesies they have been seeing. At the end of part two, Ood Sigma appears again to the Doctor and gives him the encouragement to return to his TARDIS to complete his regeneration into the Eleventh Doctor. The End of Time also introduces an Ood Elder, who has an exposed brain, crescent-shaped ears and yellowish tentacles.
A single Ood referred to as Nephew appeared in the series six episode "The Doctor's Wife". Nephew is under the influence of an alien entity called House. Nephew is killed when the Doctor and Idris land a TARDIS console in the exact spot he was standing, vaporising him instantly. The Doctor remarks that Nephew was "another Ood I failed to save", a reference to his previous encounters. Nephew's eyes glow green when possessed, a change from the red in previous episodes.
In the mini episode "Death is the Only Answer", the scientist Albert Einstein is transformed into a red-eyed Ood after ingesting a mysterious liquid. The possessed Ood repeats the phrase "Death is the only answer" before being transformed back into Einstein.
A scene cut from "A Good Man Goes to War" would have seen the Doctor meeting up with Ood Sigma again. Russell T Davies is still credited at the end for the scene despite it being cut.
In the Pond Life series, a single Ood who had become lost in the TARDIS wanders out into Amy and Rory's house. The Ood acts as their butler for several days until the Doctor can pick it up and return it to the Ood Sphere.
An Ood appears in Survivors of the Flux, serving as Tecteun's assistant who is powering the next wave of the Flux to destroy the remaining universe. After Tecteun is killed by Swarm and Azure, he assists the Doctor in trying to alter the course of the Flux wave.
The Ood were physically portrayed by actor Paul Kasey. The Ood Elder in The End of Time is voiced by Brian Cox, whilst all other Ood are voiced by Silas Carson.
Appearances
Television
"The Impossible Planet" / "The Satan Pit" (2006)
"Planet of the Ood" (2008)
"The End of Time" (2009–10)
"The Doctor's Wife" (2011)
Flux
"Survivors of the Flux" (2021)
”The Vanquishers” (2021)
Cameos
"The Waters of Mars" (2009)
"The Magician's Apprentice" (2015)
"Face the Raven" (2015)
"Revolution of the Daleks" (2021)
Minisodes
"Death is the Only Answer" (2011)
Pond Life (2012)
References
External links
Doctor Who races
Fictional extraterrestrial life forms
Fictional telepaths
Fiction about the Horsehead Nebula
Television characters introduced in 2006
he:דוקטור הו - דמויות#אוד
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5382148
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pekka%20Rautakallio
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Pekka Rautakallio
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Pekka Rautakallio (born July 25, 1953) is a Finnish former professional ice hockey defenceman and coach. He played 14 seasons of elite hockey in the SM-sarja and SM-liiga between 1968 and 1987 for Ässät and HIFK Helsinki, during which he was a five-time Finnish All-Star. Rautakallio was a member of Ässät's championship team that won the Kanada-malja in 1978. He was named the best defenceman of the SM-liiga in 1978, 1979 and 1986; the league later named the award the Pekka Rautakallio trophy in his honour. Internationally, Rautakallio played with the Finnish national team in seven World Championships and two Canada Cup tournaments.
Rautakallio played North American professional hockey on two occasions. He spent two years with the Phoenix Roadrunners of the World Hockey Association (WHA) between 1975 and 1977. He returned in 1979 to join the Atlanta Flames of the National Hockey League (NHL) for one season before relocating to Canada with the franchise and playing two more with the Calgary Flames. Rautakallio played in the 1982 NHL All-Star Game, making him the first Finnish player in league history to appear in the game. He retired in 1989 after playing the final two seasons of his career with SC Rapperswil-Jona of the Swiss second division, after which he turned to coaching. Rautakallio has coached in Switzerland, Finland, and most recently Latvia with Dinamo Riga of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL).
Playing career
Pekka Rautakallio started his ice hockey career in local club of his hometown, Ässät in 1970. He also represented the club's football team. As a skilled and mobile defenceman, Rautakallio was soon noticed and he played on his first International tournament in 1972.
Rautakallio gained the attention of World Hockey Association (WHA) officials when the 1974 Summit Series team played an exhibition against the Finnish national team. The Phoenix Roadrunners thought to sign him to a contract that year, but hesitated out of fear that the challenge of a Finn adapting to life in Arizona on his own would be too great. They brought him over one year later, along with his countryman Lauri Mononen, and signed both to two-year contracts. Rautakallio recorded 50 points, including 11 goals, in 1975–76. He finished as the leading scorer among rookie defencemen, and fifth overall for all defencemen. He then fell to 35 points in 1976–77. The Roadrunners ceased operations following the season, and lacking other options in North America, Rautakallio returned to Finland.
Rautakallio returned to Ässät, which had joined the recently formed SM-liiga, and established himself as a top defenceman in the league. He was named defenceman of the year in both 1977–78 and 1978–79; the SM-liiga ultimately named the award the Pekka Rautakallio trophy in his honour. He recorded 37 points in 36 games in 1977–78, then improved to 25 goals and 53 points the following year. Ässät established its place as the SM-liiga's dominant team by winning the Kanada-malja as league champions in 1978 and reaching the final in 1979.
The Atlanta Flames brought Rautakallio back to North America in 1979 as general manager Cliff Fletcher signed him to a National Hockey League (NHL) contract. The Flames were impressed with the power of his shot and his speed; he finished his first NHL season with 30 points. Rautakallio relocated with the franchise when it moved to Canada and became the Calgary Flames in 1980–81. He led the team in scoring by a defenceman with 56 points.
The 1981–82 season was Rautakallio's best in the NHL. He again led the team's defencemen in scoring, and was fourth overall, with 68 points in 80 games. He played for the Campbell Conference team at the 1982 All-Star Game, and in doing so became the first Finn in NHL history to appear in the mid-season contest. However, he opted to return to Finland after the season as his sons were beginning school. He feared they were becoming too Canadian and wanted them to grow up in his homeland.
Rautakallio returned to play for HIFK, instead of Ässät, and served for a while as the captain of HIFK. Rautakallio retired from playing in 1989 after two seasons with SC Rapperswil-Jona in Switzerland.
Coaching career
Rautakallio remained with SC Rapperswil-Jona and joined the team as its coach. He later coached in Bern and Zurich. Returning to Finland, Rautakallio twice served in Espoo as head coach of Blues. His first term came during the 1998–99 SM-liiga season, when he was replaced mid-season by Hannu Saintula. Rautakallio's second term came when he was the replacement for Hannu Virta, who was sacked during the 2004–05 SM-liiga season. Most recently, he served as head coach of Dynamo Riga in the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). Rautakallion joined the squad in 2011, but was dismissed midway through the 2012–13 season as Riga struggled.
Career statistics
Regular season and playoffs
International
Awards and honours
References
Career statistics:
External links
1953 births
Ässät players
Atlanta Flames players
Calgary Flames players
Finnish ice hockey defencemen
HIFK (ice hockey) players
Living people
National Hockey League All-Stars
Phoenix Roadrunners (WHA) players
SC Bern coaches
Dinamo Riga coaches
Finnish ice hockey coaches
SC Rapperswil-Jona Lakers players
Finnish expatriates in Switzerland
Undrafted National Hockey League players
Ässät football players
Ässät coaches
Sportspeople from Pori
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recursion%20%28computer%20science%29
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Recursion (computer science)
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In computer science, recursion is a method of solving a computational problem where the solution depends on solutions to smaller instances of the same problem. Recursion solves such recursive problems by using functions that call themselves from within their own code. The approach can be applied to many types of problems, and recursion is one of the central ideas of computer science.
Most computer programming languages support recursion by allowing a function to call itself from within its own code. Some functional programming languages (for instance, Clojure) do not define any looping constructs but rely solely on recursion to repeatedly call code. It is proved in computability theory that these recursive-only languages are Turing complete; this means that they are as powerful (they can be used to solve the same problems) as imperative languages based on control structures such as and .
Repeatedly calling a function from within itself may cause the call stack to have a size equal to the sum of the input sizes of all involved calls. It follows that, for problems that can be solved easily by iteration, recursion is generally less efficient, and, for large problems, it is fundamental to use optimization techniques such as tail call optimization.
Recursive functions and algorithms
A common algorithm design tactic is to divide a problem into sub-problems of the same type as the original, solve those sub-problems, and combine the results. This is often referred to as the divide-and-conquer method; when combined with a lookup table that stores the results of previously solved sub-problems (to avoid solving them repeatedly and incurring extra computation time), it can be referred to as dynamic programming or memoization.
Base case
A recursive function definition has one or more base cases, meaning input(s) for which the function produces a result trivially (without recurring), and one or more recursive cases, meaning input(s) for which the program recurs (calls itself). For example, the factorial function can be defined recursively by the equations and, for all , . Neither equation by itself constitutes a complete definition; the first is the base case, and the second is the recursive case. Because the base case breaks the chain of recursion, it is sometimes also called the "terminating case".
The job of the recursive cases can be seen as breaking down complex inputs into simpler ones. In a properly designed recursive function, with each recursive call, the input problem must be simplified in such a way that eventually the base case must be reached. (Functions that are not intended to terminate under normal circumstances—for example, some system and server processes—are an exception to this.) Neglecting to write a base case, or testing for it incorrectly, can cause an infinite loop.
For some functions (such as one that computes the series for ) there is not an obvious base case implied by the input data; for these one may add a parameter (such as the number of terms to be added, in our series example) to provide a 'stopping criterion' that establishes the base case. Such an example is more naturally treated by corecursion, where successive terms in the output are the partial sums; this can be converted to a recursion by using the indexing parameter to say "compute the nth term (nth partial sum)".
Recursive data types
Many computer programs must process or generate an arbitrarily large quantity of data. Recursion is a technique for representing data whose exact size is unknown to the programmer: the programmer can specify this data with a self-referential definition. There are two types of self-referential definitions: inductive and coinductive definitions.
Inductively defined data
An inductively defined recursive data definition is one that specifies how to construct instances of the data. For example, linked lists can be defined inductively (here, using Haskell syntax):
data ListOfStrings = EmptyList | Cons String ListOfStrings
The code above specifies a list of strings to be either empty, or a structure that contains a string and a list of strings. The self-reference in the definition permits the construction of lists of any (finite) number of strings.
Another example of inductive definition is the natural numbers (or positive integers):
A natural number is either 1 or n+1, where n is a natural number.
Similarly recursive definitions are often used to model the structure of expressions and statements in programming languages. Language designers often express grammars in a syntax such as Backus–Naur form; here is such a grammar, for a simple language of arithmetic expressions with multiplication and addition:
<expr> ::= <number>
| (<expr> * <expr>)
| (<expr> + <expr>)
This says that an expression is either a number, a product of two expressions, or a sum of two expressions. By recursively referring to expressions in the second and third lines, the grammar permits arbitrarily complicated arithmetic expressions such as (5 * ((3 * 6) + 8)), with more than one product or sum operation in a single expression.
Coinductively defined data and corecursion
A coinductive data definition is one that specifies the operations that may be performed on a piece of data; typically, self-referential coinductive definitions are used for data structures of infinite size.
A coinductive definition of infinite streams of strings, given informally, might look like this:
A stream of strings is an object s such that:
head(s) is a string, and
tail(s) is a stream of strings.
This is very similar to an inductive definition of lists of strings; the difference is that this definition specifies how to access the contents of the data structure—namely, via the accessor functions head and tail—and what those contents may be, whereas the inductive definition specifies how to create the structure and what it may be created from.
Corecursion is related to coinduction, and can be used to compute particular instances of (possibly) infinite objects. As a programming technique, it is used most often in the context of lazy programming languages, and can be preferable to recursion when the desired size or precision of a program's output is unknown. In such cases the program requires both a definition for an infinitely large (or infinitely precise) result, and a mechanism for taking a finite portion of that result. The problem of computing the first n prime numbers is one that can be solved with a corecursive program (e.g. here).
Types of recursion
Single recursion and multiple recursion
Recursion that contains only a single self-reference is known as , while recursion that contains multiple self-references is known as . Standard examples of single recursion include list traversal, such as in a linear search, or computing the factorial function, while standard examples of multiple recursion include tree traversal, such as in a depth-first search.
Single recursion is often much more efficient than multiple recursion, and can generally be replaced by an iterative computation, running in linear time and requiring constant space. Multiple recursion, by contrast, may require exponential time and space, and is more fundamentally recursive, not being able to be replaced by iteration without an explicit stack.
Multiple recursion can sometimes be converted to single recursion (and, if desired, thence to iteration). For example, while computing the Fibonacci sequence naively entails multiple iteration, as each value requires two previous values, it can be computed by single recursion by passing two successive values as parameters. This is more naturally framed as corecursion, building up from the initial values, while tracking two successive values at each step – see corecursion: examples. A more sophisticated example involves using a threaded binary tree, which allows iterative tree traversal, rather than multiple recursion.
Indirect recursion
Most basic examples of recursion, and most of the examples presented here, demonstrate direct recursion, in which a function calls itself. Indirect recursion occurs when a function is called not by itself but by another function that it called (either directly or indirectly). For example, if f calls f, that is direct recursion, but if f calls g which calls f, then that is indirect recursion of f. Chains of three or more functions are possible; for example, function 1 calls function 2, function 2 calls function 3, and function 3 calls function 1 again.
Indirect recursion is also called mutual recursion, which is a more symmetric term, though this is simply a difference of emphasis, not a different notion. That is, if f calls g and then g calls f, which in turn calls g again, from the point of view of f alone, f is indirectly recursing, while from the point of view of g alone, it is indirectly recursing, while from the point of view of both, f and g are mutually recursing on each other. Similarly a set of three or more functions that call each other can be called a set of mutually recursive functions.
Anonymous recursion
Recursion is usually done by explicitly calling a function by name. However, recursion can also be done via implicitly calling a function based on the current context, which is particularly useful for anonymous functions, and is known as anonymous recursion.
Structural versus generative recursion
Some authors classify recursion as either "structural" or "generative". The distinction is related to where a recursive procedure gets the data that it works on, and how it processes that data:
Thus, the defining characteristic of a structurally recursive function is that the argument to each recursive call is the content of a field of the original input. Structural recursion includes nearly all tree traversals, including XML processing, binary tree creation and search, etc. By considering the algebraic structure of the natural numbers (that is, a natural number is either zero or the successor of a natural number), functions such as factorial may also be regarded as structural recursion.
is the alternative:
This distinction is important in proving termination of a function.
All structurally recursive functions on finite (inductively defined) data structures can easily be shown to terminate, via structural induction: intuitively, each recursive call receives a smaller piece of input data, until a base case is reached.
Generatively recursive functions, in contrast, do not necessarily feed smaller input to their recursive calls, so proof of their termination is not necessarily as simple, and avoiding infinite loops requires greater care. These generatively recursive functions can often be interpreted as corecursive functions – each step generates the new data, such as successive approximation in Newton's method – and terminating this corecursion requires that the data eventually satisfy some condition, which is not necessarily guaranteed.
In terms of loop variants, structural recursion is when there is an obvious loop variant, namely size or complexity, which starts off finite and decreases at each recursive step.
By contrast, generative recursion is when there is not such an obvious loop variant, and termination depends on a function, such as "error of approximation" that does not necessarily decrease to zero, and thus termination is not guaranteed without further analysis.
Implementation issues
In actual implementation, rather than a pure recursive function (single check for base case, otherwise recursive step), a number of modifications may be made, for purposes of clarity or efficiency. These include:
Wrapper function (at top)
Short-circuiting the base case, aka "Arm's-length recursion" (at bottom)
Hybrid algorithm (at bottom) – switching to a different algorithm once data is small enough
On the basis of elegance, wrapper functions are generally approved, while short-circuiting the base case is frowned upon, particularly in academia. Hybrid algorithms are often used for efficiency, to reduce the overhead of recursion in small cases, and arm's-length recursion is a special case of this.
Wrapper function
A wrapper function is a function that is directly called but does not recurse itself, instead calling a separate auxiliary function which actually does the recursion.
Wrapper functions can be used to validate parameters (so the recursive function can skip these), perform initialization (allocate memory, initialize variables), particularly for auxiliary variables such as "level of recursion" or partial computations for memoization, and handle exceptions and errors. In languages that support nested functions, the auxiliary function can be nested inside the wrapper function and use a shared scope. In the absence of nested functions, auxiliary functions are instead a separate function, if possible private (as they are not called directly), and information is shared with the wrapper function by using pass-by-reference.
Short-circuiting the base case
Short-circuiting the base case, also known as arm's-length recursion, consists of checking the base case before making a recursive call – i.e., checking if the next call will be the base case, instead of calling and then checking for the base case. Short-circuiting is particularly done for efficiency reasons, to avoid the overhead of a function call that immediately returns. Note that since the base case has already been checked for (immediately before the recursive step), it does not need to be checked for separately, but one does need to use a wrapper function for the case when the overall recursion starts with the base case itself. For example, in the factorial function, properly the base case is 0! = 1, while immediately returning 1 for 1! is a short circuit, and may miss 0; this can be mitigated by a wrapper function. The box shows C code to shortcut factorial cases 0 and 1.
Short-circuiting is primarily a concern when many base cases are encountered, such as Null pointers in a tree, which can be linear in the number of function calls, hence significant savings for algorithms; this is illustrated below for a depth-first search. Short-circuiting on a tree corresponds to considering a leaf (non-empty node with no children) as the base case, rather than considering an empty node as the base case. If there is only a single base case, such as in computing the factorial, short-circuiting provides only savings.
Conceptually, short-circuiting can be considered to either have the same base case and recursive step, checking the base case only before the recursion, or it can be considered to have a different base case (one step removed from standard base case) and a more complex recursive step, namely "check valid then recurse", as in considering leaf nodes rather than Null nodes as base cases in a tree. Because short-circuiting has a more complicated flow, compared with the clear separation of base case and recursive step in standard recursion, it is often considered poor style, particularly in academia.
Depth-first search
A basic example of short-circuiting is given in depth-first search (DFS) of a binary tree; see binary trees section for standard recursive discussion.
The standard recursive algorithm for a DFS is:
base case: If current node is Null, return false
recursive step: otherwise, check value of current node, return true if match, otherwise recurse on children
In short-circuiting, this is instead:
check value of current node, return true if match,
otherwise, on children, if not Null, then recurse.
In terms of the standard steps, this moves the base case check before the recursive step. Alternatively, these can be considered a different form of base case and recursive step, respectively. Note that this requires a wrapper function to handle the case when the tree itself is empty (root node is Null).
In the case of a perfect binary tree of height h, there are 2h+1−1 nodes and 2h+1 Null pointers as children (2 for each of the 2h leaves), so short-circuiting cuts the number of function calls in half in the worst case.
In C, the standard recursive algorithm may be implemented as:
bool tree_contains(struct node *tree_node, int i) {
if (tree_node == NULL)
return false; // base case
else if (tree_node->data == i)
return true;
else
return tree_contains(tree_node->left, i) ||
tree_contains(tree_node->right, i);
}
The short-circuited algorithm may be implemented as:
// Wrapper function to handle empty tree
bool tree_contains(struct node *tree_node, int i) {
if (tree_node == NULL)
return false; // empty tree
else
return tree_contains_do(tree_node, i); // call auxiliary function
}
// Assumes tree_node != NULL
bool tree_contains_do(struct node *tree_node, int i) {
if (tree_node->data == i)
return true; // found
else // recurse
return (tree_node->left && tree_contains_do(tree_node->left, i)) ||
(tree_node->right && tree_contains_do(tree_node->right, i));
}
Note the use of short-circuit evaluation of the Boolean && (AND) operators, so that the recursive call is made only if the node is valid (non-Null). Note that while the first term in the AND is a pointer to a node, the second term is a boolean, so the overall expression evaluates to a boolean. This is a common idiom in recursive short-circuiting. This is in addition to the short-circuit evaluation of the Boolean || (OR) operator, to only check the right child if the left child fails. In fact, the entire control flow of these functions can be replaced with a single Boolean expression in a return statement, but legibility suffers at no benefit to efficiency.
Hybrid algorithm
Recursive algorithms are often inefficient for small data, due to the overhead of repeated function calls and returns. For this reason efficient implementations of recursive algorithms often start with the recursive algorithm, but then switch to a different algorithm when the input becomes small. An important example is merge sort, which is often implemented by switching to the non-recursive insertion sort when the data is sufficiently small, as in the tiled merge sort. Hybrid recursive algorithms can often be further refined, as in Timsort, derived from a hybrid merge sort/insertion sort.
Recursion versus iteration
Recursion and iteration are equally expressive: recursion can be replaced by iteration with an explicit call stack, while iteration can be replaced with tail recursion. Which approach is preferable depends on the problem under consideration and the language used. In imperative programming, iteration is preferred, particularly for simple recursion, as it avoids the overhead of function calls and call stack management, but recursion is generally used for multiple recursion. By contrast, in functional languages recursion is preferred, with tail recursion optimization leading to little overhead. Implementing an algorithm using iteration may not be easily achievable.
Compare the templates to compute xn defined by xn = f(n, xn-1) from xbase:
For an imperative language the overhead is to define the function, and for a functional language the overhead is to define the accumulator variable x.
For example, a factorial function may be implemented iteratively in C by assigning to a loop index variable and accumulator variable, rather than by passing arguments and returning values by recursion:
unsigned int factorial(unsigned int n) {
unsigned int product = 1; // empty product is 1
while (n) {
product *= n;
--n;
}
return product;
}
Expressive power
Most programming languages in use today allow the direct specification of recursive functions and procedures. When such a function is called, the program's runtime environment keeps track of the various instances of the function (often using a call stack, although other methods may be used). Every recursive function can be transformed into an iterative function by replacing recursive calls with iterative control constructs and simulating the call stack with a stack explicitly managed by the program.
Conversely, all iterative functions and procedures that can be evaluated by a computer (see Turing completeness) can be expressed in terms of recursive functions; iterative control constructs such as while loops and for loops are routinely rewritten in recursive form in functional languages. However, in practice this rewriting depends on tail call elimination, which is not a feature of all languages. C, Java, and Python are notable mainstream languages in which all function calls, including tail calls, may cause stack allocation that would not occur with the use of looping constructs; in these languages, a working iterative program rewritten in recursive form may overflow the call stack, although tail call elimination may be a feature that is not covered by a language's specification, and different implementations of the same language may differ in tail call elimination capabilities.
Performance issues
In languages (such as C and Java) that favor iterative looping constructs, there is usually significant time and space cost associated with recursive programs, due to the overhead required to manage the stack and the relative slowness of function calls; in functional languages, a function call (particularly a tail call) is typically a very fast operation, and the difference is usually less noticeable.
As a concrete example, the difference in performance between recursive and iterative implementations of the "factorial" example above depends highly on the compiler used. In languages where looping constructs are preferred, the iterative version may be as much as several orders of magnitude faster than the recursive one. In functional languages, the overall time difference of the two implementations may be negligible; in fact, the cost of multiplying the larger numbers first rather than the smaller numbers (which the iterative version given here happens to do) may overwhelm any time saved by choosing iteration.
Stack space
In some programming languages, the maximum size of the call stack is much less than the space available in the heap, and recursive algorithms tend to require more stack space than iterative algorithms. Consequently, these languages sometimes place a limit on the depth of recursion to avoid stack overflows; Python is one such language. Note the caveat below regarding the special case of tail recursion.
Vulnerability
Because recursive algorithms can be subject to stack overflows, they may be vulnerable to pathological or malicious input. Some malware specifically targets a program's call stack and takes advantage of the stack's inherently recursive nature. Even in the absence of malware, a stack overflow caused by unbounded recursion can be fatal to the program, and exception handling logic may not prevent the corresponding process from being terminated.
Multiply recursive problems
Multiply recursive problems are inherently recursive, because of prior state they need to track. One example is tree traversal as in depth-first search; though both recursive and iterative methods are used, they contrast with list traversal and linear search in a list, which is a singly recursive and thus naturally iterative method. Other examples include divide-and-conquer algorithms such as Quicksort, and functions such as the Ackermann function. All of these algorithms can be implemented iteratively with the help of an explicit stack, but the programmer effort involved in managing the stack, and the complexity of the resulting program, arguably outweigh any advantages of the iterative solution.
Refactoring recursion
Recursive algorithms can be replaced with non-recursive counterparts. One method for replacing recursive algorithms is to simulate them using heap memory in place of stack memory. An alternative is to develop a replacement algorithm entirely based on non-recursive methods, which can be challenging. For example, recursive algorithms for matching wildcards, such as Rich Salz' wildmat algorithm, were once typical. Non-recursive algorithms for the same purpose, such as the Krauss matching wildcards algorithm, have been developed to avoid the drawbacks of recursion and have improved only gradually based on techniques such as collecting tests and profiling performance.
Tail-recursive functions
Tail-recursive functions are functions in which all recursive calls are tail calls and hence do not build up any deferred operations. For example, the gcd function (shown again below) is tail-recursive. In contrast, the factorial function (also below) is not tail-recursive; because its recursive call is not in tail position, it builds up deferred multiplication operations that must be performed after the final recursive call completes. With a compiler or interpreter that treats tail-recursive calls as jumps rather than function calls, a tail-recursive function such as gcd will execute using constant space. Thus the program is essentially iterative, equivalent to using imperative language control structures like the "for" and "while" loops.
The significance of tail recursion is that when making a tail-recursive call (or any tail call), the caller's return position need not be saved on the call stack; when the recursive call returns, it will branch directly on the previously saved return position. Therefore, in languages that recognize this property of tail calls, tail recursion saves both space and time.
Order of execution
Consider these two functions:
Function 1
void recursiveFunction(int num) {
printf("%d\n", num);
if (num < 4)
recursiveFunction(num + 1);
}
Function 2
void recursiveFunction(int num) {
if (num < 4)
recursiveFunction(num + 1);
printf("%d\n", num);
}
Function 2 is function 1 with the lines swapped.
In the case of a function calling itself only once, instructions placed before the recursive call are executed once per recursion before any of the instructions placed after the recursive call. The latter are executed repeatedly after the maximum recursion has been reached.
Also note that the order of the print statements is reversed, which is due to the way the functions and statements are stored on the call stack.
Recursive procedures
Factorial
A classic example of a recursive procedure is the function used to calculate the factorial of a natural number:
The function can also be written as a recurrence relation:
This evaluation of the recurrence relation demonstrates the computation that would be performed in evaluating the pseudocode above:
This factorial function can also be described without using recursion by making use of the typical looping constructs found in imperative programming languages:
The imperative code above is equivalent to this mathematical definition using an accumulator variable :
The definition above translates straightforwardly to functional programming languages such as Scheme; this is an example of iteration implemented recursively.
Greatest common divisor
The Euclidean algorithm, which computes the greatest common divisor of two integers, can be written recursively.
Function definition:
Recurrence relation for greatest common divisor, where expresses the remainder of :
if
The recursive program above is tail-recursive; it is equivalent to an iterative algorithm, and the computation shown above shows the steps of evaluation that would be performed by a language that eliminates tail calls. Below is a version of the same algorithm using explicit iteration, suitable for a language that does not eliminate tail calls. By maintaining its state entirely in the variables x and y and using a looping construct, the program avoids making recursive calls and growing the call stack.
The iterative algorithm requires a temporary variable, and even given knowledge of the Euclidean algorithm it is more difficult to understand the process by simple inspection, although the two algorithms are very similar in their steps.
Towers of Hanoi
The Towers of Hanoi is a mathematical puzzle whose solution illustrates recursion. There are three pegs which can hold stacks of disks of different diameters. A larger disk may never be stacked on top of a smaller. Starting with n disks on one peg, they must be moved to another peg one at a time. What is the smallest number of steps to move the stack?
Function definition:
Recurrence relation for hanoi:
Example implementations:
Although not all recursive functions have an explicit solution, the Tower of Hanoi sequence can be reduced to an explicit formula.
Binary search
The binary search algorithm is a method of searching a sorted array for a single element by cutting the array in half with each recursive pass. The trick is to pick a midpoint near the center of the array, compare the data at that point with the data being searched and then responding to one of three possible conditions: the data is found at the midpoint, the data at the midpoint is greater than the data being searched for, or the data at the midpoint is less than the data being searched for.
Recursion is used in this algorithm because with each pass a new array is created by cutting the old one in half. The binary search procedure is then called recursively, this time on the new (and smaller) array. Typically the array's size is adjusted by manipulating a beginning and ending index. The algorithm exhibits a logarithmic order of growth because it essentially divides the problem domain in half with each pass.
Example implementation of binary search in C:
/*
Call binary_search with proper initial conditions.
INPUT:
data is an array of integers SORTED in ASCENDING order,
toFind is the integer to search for,
count is the total number of elements in the array
OUTPUT:
result of binary_search
*/
int search(int *data, int toFind, int count)
{
// Start = 0 (beginning index)
// End = count - 1 (top index)
return binary_search(data, toFind, 0, count-1);
}
/*
Binary Search Algorithm.
INPUT:
data is a array of integers SORTED in ASCENDING order,
toFind is the integer to search for,
start is the minimum array index,
end is the maximum array index
OUTPUT:
position of the integer toFind within array data,
-1 if not found
*/
int binary_search(int *data, int toFind, int start, int end)
{
//Get the midpoint.
int mid = start + (end - start)/2; //Integer division
if (start > end) //Stop condition (base case)
return -1;
else if (data[mid] == toFind) //Found, return index
return mid;
else if (data[mid] > toFind) //Data is greater than toFind, search lower half
return binary_search(data, toFind, start, mid-1);
else //Data is less than toFind, search upper half
return binary_search(data, toFind, mid+1, end);
}
Recursive data structures (structural recursion)
An important application of recursion in computer science is in defining dynamic data structures such as lists and trees. Recursive data structures can dynamically grow to a theoretically infinite size in response to runtime requirements; in contrast, the size of a static array must be set at compile time.
"Recursive algorithms are particularly appropriate when the underlying problem or the data to be treated are defined in recursive terms."
The examples in this section illustrate what is known as "structural recursion". This term refers to the fact that the recursive procedures are acting on data that is defined recursively.
As long as a programmer derives the template from a data definition, functions employ structural recursion. That is, the recursions in a function's body consume some immediate piece of a given compound value.
Linked lists
Below is a C definition of a linked list node structure. Notice especially how the node is defined in terms of itself. The "next" element of struct node is a pointer to another struct node, effectively creating a list type.
struct node
{
int data; // some integer data
struct node *next; // pointer to another struct node
};
Because the struct node data structure is defined recursively, procedures that operate on it can be implemented naturally as recursive procedures. The list_print procedure defined below walks down the list until the list is empty (i.e., the list pointer has a value of NULL). For each node it prints the data element (an integer). In the C implementation, the list remains unchanged by the list_print procedure.
void list_print(struct node *list)
{
if (list != NULL) // base case
{
printf ("%d ", list->data); // print integer data followed by a space
list_print (list->next); // recursive call on the next node
}
}
Binary trees
Below is a simple definition for a binary tree node. Like the node for linked lists, it is defined in terms of itself, recursively. There are two self-referential pointers: left (pointing to the left sub-tree) and right (pointing to the right sub-tree).
struct node
{
int data; // some integer data
struct node *left; // pointer to the left subtree
struct node *right; // point to the right subtree
};
Operations on the tree can be implemented using recursion. Note that because there are two self-referencing pointers (left and right), tree operations may require two recursive calls:
// Test if tree_node contains i; return 1 if so, 0 if not.
int tree_contains(struct node *tree_node, int i) {
if (tree_node == NULL)
return 0; // base case
else if (tree_node->data == i)
return 1;
else
return tree_contains(tree_node->left, i) || tree_contains(tree_node->right, i);
}
At most two recursive calls will be made for any given call to tree_contains as defined above.
// Inorder traversal:
void tree_print(struct node *tree_node) {
if (tree_node != NULL) { // base case
tree_print(tree_node->left); // go left
printf("%d ", tree_node->data); // print the integer followed by a space
tree_print(tree_node->right); // go right
}
}
The above example illustrates an in-order traversal of the binary tree. A Binary search tree is a special case of the binary tree where the data elements of each node are in order.
Filesystem traversal
Since the number of files in a filesystem may vary, recursion is the only practical way to traverse and thus enumerate its contents. Traversing a filesystem is very similar to that of tree traversal, therefore the concepts behind tree traversal are applicable to traversing a filesystem. More specifically, the code below would be an example of a preorder traversal of a filesystem.
import java.io.File;
public class FileSystem {
public static void main(String [] args) {
traverse();
}
/**
* Obtains the filesystem roots
* Proceeds with the recursive filesystem traversal
*/
private static void traverse() {
File[] fs = File.listRoots();
for (int i = 0; i < fs.length; i++) {
System.out.println(fs[i]);
if (fs[i].isDirectory() && fs[i].canRead()) {
rtraverse(fs[i]);
}
}
}
/**
* Recursively traverse a given directory
*
* @param fd indicates the starting point of traversal
*/
private static void rtraverse(File fd) {
File[] fss = fd.listFiles();
for (int i = 0; i < fss.length; i++) {
System.out.println(fss[i]);
if (fss[i].isDirectory() && fss[i].canRead()) {
rtraverse(fss[i]);
}
}
}
}
This code is both recursion and iteration - the files and directories are iterated, and each directory is opened recursively.
The "rtraverse" method is an example of direct recursion, whilst the "traverse" method is a wrapper function.
The "base case" scenario is that there will always be a fixed number of files and/or directories in a given filesystem.
Time-efficiency of recursive algorithms
The time efficiency of recursive algorithms can be expressed in a recurrence relation of Big O notation. They can (usually) then be simplified into a single Big-O term.
Shortcut rule (master theorem)
If the time-complexity of the function is in the form
Then the Big O of the time-complexity is thus:
If for some constant , then
If , then
If for some constant , and if for some constant and all sufficiently large , then
where represents the number of recursive calls at each level of recursion, represents by what factor smaller the input is for the next level of recursion (i.e. the number of pieces you divide the problem into), and represents the work that the function does independently of any recursion (e.g. partitioning, recombining) at each level of recursion.
See also
Functional programming
Computational problem
Hierarchical and recursive queries in SQL
Kleene–Rosser paradox
Open recursion
Recursion
Sierpiński curve
McCarthy 91 function
μ-recursive functions
Primitive recursive functions
Tak (function)
Notes
References
(viii+64 pages)
Theoretical computer science
Recursion
Computability theory
Articles with example pseudocode
Programming idioms
Subroutines
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5382150
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spaghetti%20and%20meatballs
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Spaghetti and meatballs
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Spaghetti and meatballs is an Italian and Italian-American dish consisting of spaghetti, tomato sauce and meatballs.
Although it is often mostly erroneously claimed that this dish is not found in Italy, combinations of pasta with meat date back at least to the Middle Ages, and pasta (including long pasta) dishes with tomato sauce and meatballs are documented in certain Italian regions and in modern Italian cookbooks as maccheroni alle polpette (translated as "spaghetti with meatballs") and maccheroni alla chitarra con polpette, though these dishes are often found only in particular regions and towns. They are especially popular in certain areas of Southern Italy, from where most Italian immigrants to the United States emigrated, though generally the version served in Southern Italy features smaller meatballs than the current Italian-American and Italian immigrant version.
History
Spaghetti and meatballs was popular among Italian immigrants in New York City, who had access to a more plentiful meat supply than in Italy.
In 1888, Juliet Corson of New York published a recipe for pasta with meatballs and tomato sauce.
In 1909 a recipe for "Beef Balls with Spaghetti" appeared in American Cookery, Volume 13.
The National Pasta Association (originally named the National Macaroni Manufacturers Association) published a recipe for spaghetti with meatballs in the 1920s.
In 1931 Venice Maid in New Jersey was selling canned "spaghetti with meatballs in sauce".
In 1938 the exact phrase "spaghetti and meatballs" appeared in a list of canned foods produced by Ettore Boiardi, later known as Chef Boyardee, in Milton, Pa.
Italian writers and chefs often mock the dish as pseudo-Italian or non-Italian, because in Italy meatballs are smaller and are only served with egg-based, baked pasta. However, various kinds of pasta with meat are part of the culinary tradition of Abruzzo, Apulia, Sicily, and other parts of southern Italy. A recipe for rigatoni with meatballs is in Il cucchiaio d'argento (The Silver Spoon), a comprehensive Italian cookbook.
In Abruzzo, chitarra alla teramana is a standard first course made with spaghetti alla chitarra, small meatballs (polpettine or pallottine), and a meat or vegetable ragù.
Other dishes that have similarities to spaghetti and meatballs include pasta seduta 'seated pasta' and maccaroni azzese in Apulia.
Some baked pasta dishes from Apulia combine pasta and meat where meatballs, mortadella, or salami are baked with rigatoni, tomato sauce, and mozzarella, then covered with a pastry top.
Other pasta recipes include slices of meat rolled up with cheese, cured meats and herbs (involtini in Italian) and braciole ("bra'zhul" in Italian-American and Italian-Australian slang) that are cooked within sauce but pulled out to be served as a second course.
See also
Bolognese sauce
Italian-American cuisine
List of meatball dishes
List of pasta dishes
Meatball sandwich
Spaghetti alla chitarra
References
Further reading
Origins of spaghetti and meatballs in the Atlantic
External links
Spaghetti and meatballs recipe on All Recipes.com
Spaghetti dishes
Meatballs
Italian-American cuisine
Cuisine of New York City
Italian-American culture in New York City
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5382154
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Ownerz
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The Ownerz
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The Ownerz is the sixth studio album by the hip-hop duo Gang Starr, and the last released during Guru’s lifetime. It was released in June 24, 2003, by Virgin. It was well-received critically and boasts four singles, "Skills", "Rite Where U Stand", "Nice Girl, Wrong Place", and "Same Team, No Games".
Track listing
"Intro (HQ, Goo, Panch)" – 0:46
"Put Up or Shut Up" (featuring Krumb Snatcha) – 3:15
"Werdz from the Ghetto Child" (featuring Smiley the Ghetto Child) – 1:09
"Sabotage" – 2:22
"Rite Where U Stand" (featuring Jadakiss) – 3:37
"Skills" – 3:17
"Deadly Habitz" – 4:12
"Nice Girl, Wrong Place" (featuring Boy Big) – 3:32
"Peace of Mine" – 3:01
"Who Got Gunz" (featuring Fat Joe & M.O.P.) – 3:36
"Capture (Militia Pt. 3)" (featuring Big Shug & Freddie Foxxx) – 3:23
"PLAYTAWIN" – 3:11
"Riot Akt" – 4:04
"(Hiney)" – 1:31
"Same Team, No Games" (featuring NYG'z & Hannibal Stax) – 3:44
"In This Life..." (featuring Snoop Dogg & Uncle Reo) – 3:03
"The Ownerz" – 2:57
"Zonin'" – 2:54
"Eulogy" – 2:54
"Natural" [Japan Bonus Track] – 2:46
"Tha Squeeze" [Japan Bonus Track] – 3:29
In other media
The track "Same Team, No Games" is featured in DJ Premier's playlist for the 2015 video game NBA 2K16.
The Track "The Squeeze" is previously featured on the Training Day Soundtrack.
Charts
References
2003 albums
Gang Starr albums
Albums produced by DJ Premier
Albums produced by Guru
Virgin Records albums
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5382158
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumaraswamy%20%28disambiguation%29
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Kumaraswamy (disambiguation)
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Kumaraswamy or Kumaraswami is a given name for a male South Indians. It may also refer to:
Kumaraswamy distribution, a distribution form related to probability theory and statistics
Murugan, also called Kumaraswami, most popular Hindu deity amongst Tamils of Tamil Nadu state in India
Kumaraswamy Layout, a residential locality in southern Bangalore, India
See also
Coomaraswamy (disambiguation)
Kumarasamy (disambiguation)
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5382170
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ji%C5%99%C3%AD%20Crha
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Jiří Crha
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Jiří Crha (born April 13, 1950) is a Czech former professional ice hockey goaltender who played two seasons in the National Hockey League for the Toronto Maple Leafs.
Playing career
Born in Pardubice, Czechoslovakia, now the Czech Republic, Crha played for nine seasons in the Czechoslovak First Ice Hockey League and for his country at the international level, including the 1976 Winter Olympics. He was signed by the Toronto Maple Leafs as a free agent on February 4, 1980. He remained with the team until 1983, when he went to Germany, where he played until his retirement in 1991. He then served as a player agent to players in the Czech Republic.
Career statistics
Note: GP = Games played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, SO = Shutouts, GAA =Goals Against Average
References
External links
1950 births
Living people
Czech ice hockey goaltenders
Czechoslovak ice hockey goaltenders
Olympic ice hockey players of Czechoslovakia
Olympic medalists in ice hockey
Olympic silver medalists for Czechoslovakia
Ice hockey players at the 1976 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 1976 Winter Olympics
Cincinnati Tigers players
HC Dukla Jihlava players
New Brunswick Hawks players
Toronto Maple Leafs players
St. Catharines Saints players
Undrafted National Hockey League players
Sportspeople from Pardubice
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5382184
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasmadynamics%20and%20Electric%20Propulsion%20Laboratory
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Plasmadynamics and Electric Propulsion Laboratory
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Plasmadynamics and Electric Propulsion Laboratory (PEPL) is a University of Michigan laboratory facility for electric propulsion and plasma application research. The primary goals of PEPL is to increase efficiency of electric propulsion systems, understand integration issues of plasma thrusters with spacecraft, and to identify non-propulsion applications of electric propulsion technology. The current director and founder is Professor Alec D. Gallimore.
PEPL currently houses the Large Vacuum Test Facility (LVTF). The chamber was constructed in the 1960s by Bendix Corporation for testing of the Lunar rover and was later donated to the University of Michigan in 1982. The cylindrical 9 m long by 6 m diameter long stainless-steel clad tank is utilized for Hall effect thruster, electrostatic ion thruster, magnetoplasmadynamic thruster, and arcjet testing as well as space tether and plasma diagnostics research.
See also
Nonequilibrium Gas and Plasma Dynamics Group
External links
Plasmadynamics and Electric Propulsion Laboratory Official Website
University of Michigan
Plasma physics facilities
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4044882
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clare%20%28electoral%20district%29
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Clare (electoral district)
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Clare is a provincial electoral district in Nova Scotia, Canada which existed between 1949-2013 and since 2021. Prior to 1949, Clare was part of Digby district. It elects one member of the Nova Scotia House of Assembly. The electoral district includes most of the Municipality of the District of Clare, an Acadian area occupying the southwestern half of Digby County. For four consecutive elections from 1988 to 1999, the district had the highest voter turnout in the province.
The electoral district was abolished following the 2012 electoral boundary review and was largely replaced by the new electoral district of Clare-Digby. It was re-created our of Clare-Digby following the 2019 Electoral Boundary Review.
Geography
The land area of Clare is .
Members of the Legislative Assembly
The electoral district was represented by the following Members of the Legislative Assembly:
Election results
1949 general election
1953 general election
1956 general election
1960 general election
1963 general election
1967 general election
1970 general election
1974 general election
1978 general election
1981 general election
1984 general election
1988 general election
1993 general election
1998 general election
1999 general election
2003 general election
2006 general election
2009 general election
2017 general election (transposed)
2021 general election
References
External links
riding profile
June 13, 2006 Nova Scotia Provincial General Election Poll by Poll Results
Former provincial electoral districts of Nova Scotia
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5382197
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcel%20Cora%C8%99
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Marcel Coraș
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Marcel Coraș (born 14 May 1959) is a retired Romanian football striker.
Career
He was born in Arad and debuted in Divizia A with hometown side UTA Arad in 1977. His most successful period was between 1983 and 1988, when he played for Sportul Studenţesc, with whom he won the league's silver medal in 1986. He became top goalscorer of the Divizia A in 1984 with 20 goals. He retired in 1995, having finished his fourth spell with FC UTA Arad.
Coraș got 36 caps and 6 goals for Romania, and represented his country at Euro 1984.
Honours
Club
Sportul Studenţesc
Romanian League Runner-up: 1985–86
Individual
Divizia A Top Scorer: 1983–84
European Silver Boot: 1988–89
References
External links
1959 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Arad, Romania
Romanian footballers
Association football forwards
Romania international footballers
UEFA Euro 1984 players
Liga I players
Liga II players
Super League Greece players
FC UTA Arad players
FC Politehnica Iași (1945) players
FC Sportul Studențesc București players
Panionios F.C. players
FC Universitatea Cluj players
Romanian expatriate footballers
Romanian expatriate sportspeople in Greece
Expatriate footballers in Greece
Romanian expatriate sportspeople in France
Expatriate footballers in France
Romanian football managers
FC UTA Arad managers
CS Minaur Baia Mare (football) managers
FC Bihor Oradea managers
CS ACU Arad managers
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4044883
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna%20M.%20Harkness
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Anna M. Harkness
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Anna Maria Richardson Harkness (October 25, 1837 – March 27, 1926) was an American philanthropist.
Early life
She was born on October 25, 1837, in Dalton, Ohio, and was the daughter of James Richardson and Anna (née Ranck) Richardson. Not much is known about her early life.
Married life
On February 13, 1854, then sixteen-year-old Anna was married to the 34-year-old Stephen Vanderburgh Harkness, an early investor with John D. Rockefeller and became the second-largest shareholder in Standard Oil before his death in March 1888. Stephen had previously been married to Laura Osborne, who died in August 1852, and with whom he had three children, only one of whom, Lamon V. Harkness, was living at the time of their marriage. Together, Anna and Stephen lived at his estate on Euclid Avenue in Cleveland (known as Millionaires' Row) were the parents of four more children, three of whom survived to adulthood:
Jennie A. Harkness (1856–1864), who died young.
Charles William Harkness (1860–1916), who married Mary Warden (1864–1916) in 1896; both died of influenza in 1916.
Florence Harkness (1864–1895), who married the widower Louis Henry Severance (1838–1913).
Edward Stephen Harkness (1874–1940), who married Mary Stillman (1874–1950), daughter of New York attorney Thomas Stillman, in 1904.
Her husband died aboard his yacht on March 6, 1888, and was buried in Cleveland's Lake View Cemetery. He left an estate valued at $150,000,000 (equivalent to $ today) and Anna inherited one-third of his fortune at $50,000,000 (equivalent to $ today), consisting primarily of stock in Standard Oil.
In 1891, Anna moved to New York City, but continued to maintain a home in Willoughby, Ohio. She died on March 27, 1926, at her home, 820 Fifth Avenue in New York City. After a private funeral, she was buried alongside her late husband in Lake View Cemetery. At her death, she had already given away $40,000,000, yet her wealth had increased to nearly $85,000,000 (equivalent to $ today).
Philanthropy
Their first child, Jennie, died aged seven in 1864. After her death, the Harknesses erected and furnished a memorial pavilion at Lakeside Hospital in Cleveland as a memorial to her. On July 29, 1895, within a year of Florence's marriage to Louis Severance, the former Treasurer of Standard Oil, their second daughter also died. Similarly, Anna and her son-in-law Louis donated the funds for the construction of the Florence Harkness Memorial Chapel at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland.
After her eldest son Charles died in 1916, Anna gave $3,000,000 (equivalent to $ today) to Yale University for the construction of Memorial Quadrangle in Charles' memory, including Harkness Tower, the most visible symbol of Yale on the New Haven skyline. Anna's portrait by Albert Herter is displayed in the dining hall of Saybrook College, part of the Memorial Quadrangle. In 1920, she donated an additional $3,000,000 to Yale towards increases in faculty salaries.
In October 1918, Anna established the Commonwealth Fund, a foundation dedicated to the improvement of healthcare with an initial gift of $10,000,000 (equivalent to $ today). Along with her son, Edward, the foundation made charitable gifts totaling more than $129 million, the equivalent of $2 billion in 2005 dollars, including funds for the establishment of the Harkness Fellowships, the construction of St. Salvator's Hall at the University of St Andrews, the Butler Library at Columbia University, and many of the undergraduate dormitories at Harvard and Yale Universities (known as "houses" and "residential colleges," respectively). The fund was also a major benefactor of the Hampton and Tuskegee Institutes, the Museum of Natural History in New York, the New York Zoological Society and Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, the New York Public Library and the Metropolitan Museum of Art, where it established the Museum's collection of ancient Egyptian art. The Harkness Pavilion at NewYork–Presbyterian Hospital / Columbia University Medical Center is also named for the family.
References
External links
The Commonwealth Fund
Pictures and history of Harkness House, current home to the Commonwealth Fund
1837 births
1926 deaths
American philanthropists
Anna M.
Burials at Lake View Cemetery, Cleveland
People from Wayne County, Ohio
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4044887
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USDF
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USDF
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USDF may refer to:
United States Dressage Federation
USDF model (United we stand, divided we fall), from econophysics
Umbutfo Swaziland Defense Force, the Military of Swaziland
Utah State Defense Force, active during World War II
United Student Democratic Federation, Indian leftist student association
See also
"United we stand, divided we fall", a motto
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5382200
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardy%20%C3%85str%C3%B6m
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Hardy Åström
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Ray Hardy Åström (born 29 March 1951 in Luleå, Sweden) is a retired Swedish professional ice hockey goaltender who played three seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the New York Rangers and Colorado Rockies.
Åström was the first European goaltender to start an NHL game, when he played for the Rangers against the Montreal Canadiens on February 25, 1978. Åström played brilliantly in the Rangers' 6-3 win, which also stopped Montreal's 28-game unbeaten streak.
Hardy Astrom also represented Sweden in the 1976 Canada Cup as one of Sweden's top goalies.
Career statistics
Regular season and playoffs
International
References
External links
1951 births
Colorado Rockies (NHL) players
Fort Worth Texans players
Living people
Modo Hockey players
New Haven Nighthawks players
New York Rangers players
Oklahoma City Stars players
People from Luleå
Skellefteå AIK players
Södertälje SK players
Swedish ice hockey goaltenders
Undrafted National Hockey League players
Sportspeople from Norrbotten County
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4044906
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Super%20Fight
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The Super Fight
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The Super Fight was a fictional boxing match between Rocky Marciano and Muhammad Ali shot in 1969 and released in 1970. At the time, Ali and Marciano were the only undefeated heavyweight champions in history and fans often debated who would win had they met in their primes. Ali and Marciano were filmed sparring for 75 one-minute rounds producing several possible scenarios for a genuine fight, with the result claimed to have been determined using probability formulas entered into a computer.
The final film was only shown once in select cinemas around the world, grossing ( adjusted for inflation) from 1,500 theaters across North America and Europe. It was released as a DVD over three decades later.
Background
In 1967, radio producer Murray Woroner had the idea of determining the all-time great heavyweight champion of the world by placing boxing champions of different eras in a series of fantasy fights. Woroner sent out a survey to 250 boxing experts and writers to help determine which boxers would be used in what would become a fantasy tournament. Hank Meyer, president and salesman with a one other partner in SPS, was instrumental in setting this competition up, and contended at the time that it was his idea. Woroner picked the first round of fantasy matches to be:
Jack Dempsey vs. Gentleman Jim Corbett
John L. Sullivan vs. Jim Braddock
Bob Fitzsimmons vs. Jack Sharkey
Jim Jeffries vs. Jersey Joe Walcott
Joe Louis vs. Jess Willard
Max Baer vs. Jack Johnson
Rocky Marciano vs. Gene Tunney
Muhammad Ali vs. Max Schmeling
Punch-by-punch details of the boxer's records during their prime were entered into an NCR 315 computer. Also their strengths, weaknesses, fighting styles and patterns and other factors and scenarios that the boxers could go through were converted into formulas. The NCR-315 with 20K of memory was supplied by SPS (Systems Programming Services), an independent service bureau in Miami, Florida. The algorithms were supplied by an NCR mathematician, and programming was done in Fortran by an employee of SPS. Hank Meyer, President and salesman with a one other partner in SPS, was instrumental in setting this competition up, and contended at the time that it was his idea. The actual running of the software was done the night before each broadcast round of the 'computer championship' and took approximately 45 minutes to run, the output was a formatted report containing a series of codes describing each punch. This was then written to magnetic tape, the tape was then manually transferred to a Univac 1005 and printed. This took place in early 1968.
The outcomes were then staged as radio plays with Woroner and radio announcer Guy LeBow as the commentators. The fantasy fights were broadcast worldwide. Even the boxers who were still alive at the time listened to the programs and some of them participated as commentators. After the series of elimination rounds, the final fight was between Dempsey and Marciano. Marciano defeated Dempsey and was considered to be the all-time greatest heavyweight champion by the computer. Woroner awarded the real Marciano a gold and diamond championship belt worth $10,000.
The film
After Ali lost a fantasy fight in one of the radio broadcasts, he filed a $1 million lawsuit against Woroner for defamation of character, stating his anger at his elimination at the second round to Jim Jeffries, a boxer Ali had previously called "history's clumsiest, most slow-footed heavyweight." The lawsuit was settled when Woroner offered to pay Ali $10,000 while also getting his agreement to participate in a filmed version of a fantasy fight in which he would fight Marciano. Ali and Marciano agreed on the condition that they would also receive a cut of the film's profits.
Marciano, whose last fight before retiring undefeated at 49–0 was 14 years prior, also agreed to participate with a similar deal. In preparation for the film, Rocky lost over and wore a toupee in order to look as he did in his prime. Both he and Ali were reported to be enthusiastic about meeting each other and getting back in the ring.
The same formulas as the radio fantasy fights were used and entered into the NCR 315, with filming commencing February 1969 in a Miami studio. The two fighters sparred for between 70 and 75 rounds, exchanging mainly body blows with some head shots in-between, which were later edited together according to the findings of the computer. Braddock, Louis, Schmeling, Sharkey and Walcott also recorded commentary to be used in the film.
The final outcome would not be revealed until the release of the film on January 20, 1970, shown in 1,500 theaters by video link in the United States, Canada, and throughout Europe. American and Canadian audiences were shown a version of Marciano knocking out Ali in the 13th round, as staged by the boxers, while European audiences were shown another ending in which Ali was depicted the winner after opening cuts on Marciano, also simulated.
Box office and reaction
In the United States, the film grossed more than from more than a thousand theaters. Across North America and Europe, the film grossed ( adjusted for inflation) from 1,500 theaters.
Three weeks after filming was completed, Rocky Marciano died in a plane crash on the eve of what would have been his 46th birthday. No feedback was recorded from him personally regarding the film, with the exception of Marciano's brother Peter who claimed that upon Rocky being asked whether he would win the fantasy fight, he was confident that he would win.
Ali attended a screening of the film the night of the release. He immediately relaunched legal proceedings against Woroner, again stating defamation of character, alleging the film's marketing had misled audiences worldwide to believe the fight was actual, while also stating any version of the film which depicted him losing was a result of him not taking the simulation seriously. He also claimed American audiences were left angered by Marciano being depicted the winner and disputed whether the NCR 315 computer was used at all during or after filming. Ali later dropped the lawsuit upon discovering his depicted win in European theatres, while also having been made aware of the filmmakers plans to destroy remaining prints of the film to prevent potential legal action.
In a 1976 interview, Ali briefly recapped on the film maintaining his ridicule of the style of filming and depicted outcomes. He however praised Marciano as a boxer stating they left filming on good terms.
Destruction of film prints and recovery
During the buildup to the film's release, concerns were held regarding Ali's ban from boxing being active at the time of the film's conceptualization, recording and release, and were later fueled by allegations that marketing and promotional work for the film did not clearly detail that the fight was fictional and the outcome was decided by the NCR 315 computer as well as opinions of boxing experts. Upon the film's release, believing audiences were misled to believe the fight was actual and Ali threatening a second lawsuit upon Woroner, the producers announced all film prints had been destroyed.
Debates subsequently took place over the next three decades as to whether at least one print of film had survived. It was cited that many theaters had continued to play the film long after January 20, 1970, and was also noted that the film had one airing on ABC's Wide World of Sports in 1970, and another on CBS late night in 1977, with many more broadcasts alleged throughout.
Following an official discovery of a surviving print in 2005, the film was authorized for release and distribution. On December 27, 2005, The Superfight: Marciano vs. Ali was released on DVD and has been televised several times since. The DVD includes a documentary about the film, audio of the original radio fantasy fights, archival interviews with the fighters that were chosen, and other features.
Legacy
The Super Fight was featured in and inspired the plot of the 2006 film Rocky Balboa.
References
Boxing: All-Time Heavyweight Championship of the World, reproduced from The People's Almanac
External links
Official site for the DVD. Archived from the original on 2012-02-04.
January 20, 1970 UPI newspaper article
January 21, 1970 AP newspaper article
January 19, 1970 Time Magazine article
January 4, 1970 El Paso Times newspaper article
The Core Memory Project: Boxing Simulation All-Time Heavyweight Championship of the World
1970 films
1970s sports films
American boxing films
Muhammad Ali
Wide World of Sports (American TV series)
Rocky Marciano
Cultural depictions of boxers
Cultural depictions of Muhammad Ali
Cultural depictions of Joe Louis
Cultural depictions of Max Schmeling
Cultural depictions of Jack Dempsey
1970s English-language films
1970s American films
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4044914
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dioscorea%20opposita
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Dioscorea opposita
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Dioscorea opposita is an obsolete synonym of two species of yams:
Chinese yam (Dioscorea polystachya), a widely cultivated yam native to China
Dioscorea oppositifolia, a yam native to the Indian subcontinent
Species Latin name disambiguation pages
opposita
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5382218
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montreal%20Quebec%20Temple
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Montreal Quebec Temple
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The Montreal Quebec Temple is the 86th operating temple of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church).
History
The temple was announced on August 6, 1998, and was the sixth temple to be built in Canada. It was also one of the temples announced with a long list of others, which LDS Church president Gordon B. Hinckley hoped to have completed by the end of 2000 in order to have 100 operating temples throughout the world.
Gary J. Coleman, of the Seventy, presided at a site dedication and groundbreaking ceremony held on April 9, 1999. The temple sits on a plot in the city of Longueuil. The temple was open to the public for tours of the interior May 20–27, 2000. Despite the short duration of the open house, more than 10,000 people toured the temple.
Hinckley dedicated the Montreal Quebec Temple on June 4, 2000. Before the dedication began, a cornerstone ceremony was held to officially complete the construction of the temple. Hinckley placed the cornerstone and had help from local children in placing the mortar. Around 6,000 members attended the four dedicatory sessions of the temple. The temple serves more than 12,200 church members from the Montréal; Ottawa, Ontario; Montpelier, Vermont; and upstate New York areas.
The temple has a total of , two ordinance rooms, and two sealing rooms. The exterior finish is made of Bethel white granite from northern Vermont.
The temple closed for renovations in 2014. A public open house was held from Thursday, 5 November 2015, through Saturday, 14 November 2015, excluding Sunday. The temple was rededicated on Sunday, November 22, 2015 by Henry B. Eyring.
In 2020, the Montreal Quebec Temple was closed in response to the coronavirus pandemic.
Gallery
See also
Comparison of temples of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
List of temples of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
List of temples of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints by geographic region
Temple architecture (Latter-day Saints)
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Canada
References
Additional reading
External links
Montreal Quebec Temple Official site
Montreal Quebec Temple at ChurchofJesusChristTemples.org
20th-century Latter Day Saint temples
Buildings and structures in Longueuil
Religious buildings and structures in Quebec
Temples (LDS Church) completed in 2000
Temples (LDS Church) in Canada
2000 establishments in Quebec
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5382220
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dotbusters
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Dotbusters
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The Dotbusters was a Hinduphobic hate group active in Jersey City, New Jersey from 1975 to 1993 that attacked and threatened Indian Americans, particularly Indians in the fall of 1975. The name originated from the fact that traditional Hindu women and girls wear bindis on their foreheads.
Background
A Bindi is a coloured dot or a sticker worn in the center of the forehead, mostly by women from Dharmic communities like Hindus, Sikhs, Buddhists, and Jains.
In July 1987, they had a letter published in The Jersey Journal stating that they would take any means necessary to drive the Indians out of Jersey City:
"I'm writing about your article during July about the abuse of Indian People. Well I'm here to state the other side. I hate them, if you had to live near them you would also. We are an organization called the Dotbusters. We have been around for 2 years. We will go to any extreme to get Indians to move out of Jersey City. If I'm walking down the street and I see a Hindu and the setting is right, I will hit him or her. We plan some of our most extreme attacks such as breaking windows, breaking car windows, and crashing family parties. We use the phone books and look up the name Patel. Have you seen how many of them there are? Do you even live in Jersey City? Do you walk down Central avenue and experience what like to be near them: we have and we just don't want it anymore. You said that they will have to start protecting themselves because the police cannot always be there. They will never do anything. They are a race and mentally. We are going to continue our way. We will never be stopped."
Numerous racial incidents from vandalism to assault followed. Later that month, a group of youths attacked Navroze Mody, an Indian man of Parsi (Zoroastrian) origin, into a coma, after he had left the Gold Coast Café with his friend. Mody died four days later. The four convicted of the attack were Luis Acevedo, Ralph Gonzalez and Luis Padilla, who were convicted of aggravated assault; and William Acevedo, who was convicted of simple assault. The attack was with fists and feet and with an unknown object that was described as either a baseball bat or a brick, and occurred after members of the group, which was estimated as being between ten and twelve youths, had surrounded Mody and taunted him for his baldness as either "Kojak" or "Baldie". Mody's father, Jamshid Mody, later brought charges against the city and police force of Hoboken, New Jersey, claiming that "the Hoboken police's indifference to acts of violence perpetrated against Indian Americans violated Navroze Mody's equal protection rights" under the Fourteenth Amendment. Mody lost the case; the court ruled that the attack had not been proven a hate crime, nor had there been proven any malfeasance by the police or prosecutors of the city.
A few days after the attack on Mody, another Indian was beaten into a coma; this time on a busy street corner in Jersey City Heights. The victim, Kaushal Saran, was found unconscious at Central and Ferry Avenues, near a city park and firehouse, according to police reports. Saran, a licensed physician in India who was awaiting licensing in the United States, was discharged later from University Hospital in Newark. The unprovoked attack left Saran in a partial coma for over a week with severe damage to his skull and brain. In September 1992, Thomas Kozak, Martin Ricciardi, and Mark Evangelista were brought to trial on federal civil rights charges in connection with the attack on Saran. However, the three were acquitted of the charges in two separate trials in 1993. Saran testified at both trials that he could not remember the incident.
The Dotbusters were primarily based in New York and New Jersey and committed most of their crimes in Jersey City. Numerous young men and women were attacked and harassed near Central Avenue in the Jersey City Heights, area during the period of 1975–1993 by the group whom many say was based out of a Hopkins Avenue, Jersey City, home. Details are somewhat clouded on whom and what the gang actually went after, but numerous accounts of homes being burglarized and men being attacked in the middle of night have been recorded. Up until 1989, it seemed like a one-way battle until small groups of Patels began to fight back physically all over the state and outlying boroughs of New York. A number of perpetrators have been brought to trial for these assaults. Although tougher anti-hate crime laws were passed by the New Jersey Legislature in 1990, the attacks continued, with 58 cases of hate crimes against Indians in New Jersey reported in 1991.
These incidents were a severe blow to the Indian immigrant community and jarred it into taking serious political action. While the violence seemed to be aimed at the Hindu community, where the wearing of the Bindi is most common, it is believed that the Dotbusters' actions were based on racial grounds, aimed indiscriminately at Hindu immigrants. A Columbia University–based group called Indian Youth Against Racism (later simply Youth Against Racism) documented instances of violence against Indians in New Jersey and helped implement a series of educational programs on South Asian cultures for students and faculty at a Jersey City high school. The group also helped get a bill passed in the New Jersey Legislature that raised the mandatory penalties for "bias crimes."
The gang's activities were spotlighted again in June 2010, when a column by Time magazine contributor Joel Stein titled "My Own Private India" made light of the use of a related epithet, "dot heads", in nearby Edison in the 1980s. (See Joel Stein#Controversial columns)
The New Jersey-raised philosopher Falguni A. Sheth mentioned her mother's harassment by "Dotbusters", and subsequent indifference of the New Jersey State Police, in an interview with The New York Times.
See also
Anti-Hindu sentiment
Anti-Indian sentiment
References
Hinduism Today article, Jan. 1989
Asian Law Journal article, 2000
External links
Jersey City Dot-Buster, The Pluralism Project
Supreme Court to Mull New Jersey Hate Crime Law (reprint of a The Washington Post article on the Dotbusters gang's activities and a similar series of subsequent attacks in the Edison–Iselin area of New Jersey)
Jersey Murder Trial Is Bias Issue for Indians
Wall Street Journal More Furor Over Time's 'Edison, N.J.'
1987 crimes in the United States
1987 in New Jersey
Anti-Indian sentiment in the United States
Anti-Hindu sentiment
Asian-American history
Gangs in New Jersey
History of Jersey City, New Jersey
Indian-American history
Racially motivated violence against Asian-Americans
Street gangs
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5382223
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben%20Kozlowski
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Ben Kozlowski
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Benjamin Anthony Kozlowski (born August 16, 1980) is a former professional baseball left-handed pitcher. He previously played in Major League Baseball for the Texas Rangers and in Nippon Professional Baseball for the Hiroshima Toyo Carp.
Drafted by the Atlanta Braves in the 12th round of the 1999 MLB amateur draft, Kozlowski made his Major League Baseball debut with the Texas Rangers on September 19, 2002. He struck out John Olerud looking for his first Major League Strikeout.
His 2003 season was cut short when he suffered a torn elbow ligament, necessitating Tommy John surgery.
Kozlowski returned to action in the middle of the 2004 season, but struggled, and was placed on waivers by the Rangers after the season.
Kozlowski was claimed off of waivers by the Cincinnati Reds.
He was traded from the Reds to the Los Angeles Dodgers for outfielder Cody Ross in May .
External links
Ben Kozlowski - mlb.com
1980 births
Living people
Texas Rangers players
Hiroshima Toyo Carp players
American expatriate baseball players in Japan
Baseball players from Florida
Major League Baseball pitchers
Gulf Coast Braves players
Macon Braves players
Myrtle Beach Pelicans players
Charlotte Rangers players
Tulsa Drillers players
Frisco RoughRiders players
Stockton Ports players
Louisville Bats players
Chattanooga Lookouts players
Las Vegas 51s players
Jacksonville Suns players
Scranton/Wilkes-Barre Yankees players
Somerset Patriots players
Sugar Land Skeeters players
American people of Polish descent
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5382229
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Charm%20Beneath
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The Charm Beneath
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The Charm Beneath (Traditional Chinese: 胭脂水粉) is a TVB period drama series broadcast in October 2005. The series is shown to celebrate TVB's 38th Anniversary.
Sheren Tang and Bobby Au-Yeung were originally cast in this series instead of Gigi Lai and Moses Chan when the teaser trailer premiered in the TVB sales presentation in 2005.
Synopsis
They hide a dagger in a smile,
Are they driven by desire for power,
Or is it their only way to survive?
Cast
The Chuk family
The Ng family
The Wang family
Reception
With the grand production title and boasted a very impressive casts, TVB Had spent the amount of money and highly promotion into the production, likely to granted out Anniversary Series as well as set out to create a 1930s version of successful's War and Beauty but returned the disappoint rating then they been expected due to the various of reason about viewers' taste and the way the drama portray different so far from War's Darken plot, making the grand production which failed. Began with 27 average point and minor growth in the following, praised the cast and producer an unhopeful high rating already. The Drama ended up with a bit better result with 32 average point with highest peak at 36 although it still couldn't compare to War and Beauty's final rating.
Despite the loss in the terms of rating, The Charm Beneath pressed out with a majority of positive reviews, began critical acclaims. one of the Outstanding drama of 2005 already considered in some reviews, deemed it classics. The Drama had memorable with Anne Heung's villain. Other began with cast's Disturbing acting and well script. Its theme song also recognized well into its story line with the quiet but breathtaking sound. After all, The Drama garner enough for two female nomination at TVB's 38th Anniversary award with Gigi Lai for Best Actress and Kiki Sheung for Best Supporting actress.
Viewership ratings
References
External links
TVB.com The Charm Beneath - Official Website
TVB dramas
2005 Hong Kong television series debuts
2005 Hong Kong television series endings
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4044917
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Marshall%20%28author%29
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James Marshall (author)
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James Edward Marshall (October 10, 1942 – October 13, 1992) was an American illustrator and writer of children's books, probably best known for the George and Martha series of picture books (1972–1988). He illustrated books exclusively as James Marshall; when he created both text and illustrations he sometimes wrote as Edward Marshall. In 2007, the U.S. professional librarians posthumously awarded him the bi-ennial Laura Ingalls Wilder Medal for "substantial and lasting contribution" to American children's literature.
Life and death
James Marshall was born in 1942, in San Antonio, Texas, where he grew up on his family's 85-acre farm. His father worked on the railroad and had a band. His mother sang in the local church choir. The family later moved to Beaumont, Texas. Marshall said: "Beaumont is deep south and swampy and I hated it. I knew I would die if I stayed there so I diligently studied the viola, and eventually won a scholarship to the New England Conservatory in Boston." He entered the New England Conservatory of Music but injured his hand, ending his music career. He returned to Texas, where he attended San Antonio College, and later transferred to Southern Connecticut State University where he received degrees in French and history. He lived between an apartment in the Chelsea district of New York City and a home in Mansfield Hollow, Connecticut. He died at the age of 50. His obituary states that he died of a brain tumor; however, his sister has since clarified that he died of AIDS.
Career
It is stated that he discovered his vocation on a 1971 summer afternoon, lying in a hammock and drawing. His mother was watching Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?, and the main characters, George and Martha, ultimately became characters in one of his children's books (as two hippos). Marshall continued creating books for children until his untimely death in 1992 from AIDS-related complications. In 1999, George and Martha became the stars of an eponymous animated TV show, which aired on HBO Family and Canadian YTV.
Marshall was a friend of the late Maurice Sendak, who called him the "last in the line" of children's writers for whom children's books were a cottage industry. Sendak said that Marshall was "uncommercial to a fault" and, as a consequence, was little recognized by the awards committees. (As illustrator of Goldilocks and the Three Bears, Marshall was a runner-up for the Caldecott Medal in 1989; the "Caldecott Honor Books" may display silver rather than gold seals. He won a University of Mississippi Silver Medallion in 1992. Over his career, he was three times recognized by the New York Times Book Review as one of the best illustrated children's book of the year.) Sendak said that in Marshall you got "the whole man", who "scolded, gossiped, bitterly reproached, but always loved and forgave" and "made me laugh until I cried." In introduction to the collected George and Martha, Sendak called him the "last of a long line of masters" including Randolph Caldecott, Jean de Brunhoff, Edward Ardizzone, and Tomi Ungerer.
Beside the lovable hippos George and Martha, James Marshall created dozens of other uniquely appealing characters and illustrated over 70 books. He is well known for his Fox series (which he wrote as "Edward Marshall"), as well as the Miss Nelson books (or Miss Viola Swamp, written by Harry Allard), The Stupids (written by Allard), the Cut-ups, and many more. James Marshall had the uncanny ability to elicit wild delight from readers with relatively little text and simple drawings. With only two minute dots for eyes, his illustrated characters are able to express a wide range of emotion, and produce howls of laughter from both children and adults.
Works
See also
References
External links
Guide to the James Marshall papers at the University of Oregon
Authors and illustrators of books for children and young adults — directory including Marshall
Guide to the James Marshall papers at the University of Connecticut
James Marshall Papers in the de Grummond Children's Literature Collection
Edward Marshall at LC Authorities, with 12 records, and Edward at WorldCat
Edward Marshall in the German national library (with 2 records likely for another Edward Marshall)
1942 births
1992 deaths
American children's book illustrators
American children's writers
Laura Ingalls Wilder Medal winners
Writers from San Antonio
Place of death missing
American male writers
20th-century American writers
Southern Connecticut State University alumni
Artists from Texas
Deaths from brain tumor
People from Chelsea, Manhattan
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5382242
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadmen
|
Gadmen
|
Gadmen is a former municipality in the Interlaken-Oberhasli administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.
On 1 January 2014, the former municipality of Gadmen merged into the municipality of Innertkirchen.
The name Gadmen comes from the Old High German "gadum," meaning barn or small house, and was first mentioned in 1382.
The municipality is in a municipal partnership with Volketswil in the Canton of Zürich.
History
Gadmen is first mentioned in 1382 as im Gadmen.
During the Middle Ages, the Gadmen area was part of the Vogtei of Hasli and part of the Meiringen parish. In 1334 the entire Vogtei was acquired by Bern. During the Middle Ages a chapel was built in the village. In 1713 Gadmen became part of the parish of Innertkirchen and in 1722 the chapel expanded into a filial church. In 1816 the church became a parish church and Gadmen became an independent parish.
The residents of the village generally lived on farming, seasonal alpine herding and from traffic over the Susten Pass. During the 19th century, the farms became increasing mechanized and many residents were forced to emigrate to North America for jobs. The construction of the Susten Road in 1939-45 opened up the village to tourism and provided additional jobs. During construction and after its completion, the Oberhasli AG power plant became the largest employer in the municipality.
Geography
Before the merger, Gadmen had a total area of . As of 2012, a total of or 8.3% is used for agricultural purposes, while or 16.7% is forested. The rest of the municipality is or 0.6% is settled (buildings or roads), or 1.3% is either rivers or lakes and or 73.1% is unproductive land.
During the same year, housing and buildings made up 0.1% and transportation infrastructure made up 0.4%. All of the forested land area is covered with heavy forests. Of the agricultural land, 1.7% is pasturage and 6.5% is used for alpine pastures. Of the water in the municipality, 0.4% is in lakes and 0.9% is in rivers and streams. Of the unproductive areas, 13.3% is unproductive vegetation, 33.0% is too rocky for vegetation and 26.8% of the land is covered by glaciers.
On 31 December 2009, Amtsbezirk Oberhasli, the municipality's former district, was dissolved. On the following day, 1 January 2010, it joined the newly created Verwaltungskreis Interlaken-Oberhasli.
Gadmen lies in the Bernese Oberland, and the Susten Pass lies on the eastern border of the municipality. It lies in the Gadmer watershed. The municipal borders stretch from the valley floor, with an elevation of , up to the nearby mountain peaks at about . It is located on the border of the Canton of Bern with the Cantons of Obwalden, Nidwalden, Uri and Valais. The neighboring municipalities are Engelberg, Wassen, Göschenen, Guttannen, Innertkirchen and Kerns.
There are three glaciers in Gadmen, the Stein Glacier, the Trift Glacier and the Wenden Glacier. Beneath the Stein Glacier is Lake Stein. The most famous mountain in Gadmen is the Titlis.
Coat of arms
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Or a Bar Gules in chief an Eagle displayed Sable crowned, beaked, langued and membered of the first and in base an Alpine Hut of the third.
Demographics
Gadmen had a population (as of 2011) of 228. , 3.1% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last year (2010-2011) the population has changed at a rate of -1.7%. Migration accounted for 1.7%, while births and deaths accounted for -3.0%.
Most of the population () speaks German (268 or 98.5%) as their first language, while one person each speaks French and Spanish.
, the population was 53.4% male and 46.6% female. The population was made up of 123 Swiss men (53.0% of the population) and 1 (0.4%) non-Swiss men. There were 102 Swiss women (44.0%) and 6 (2.6%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality, 162 or about 59.6% were born in Gadmen and lived there in 2000. There were 42 or 15.4% who were born in the same canton, while 32 or 11.8% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 28 or 10.3% were born outside of Switzerland.
, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 14.5% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 61% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 24.6%.
, there were 102 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 144 married individuals, 22 widows or widowers and 4 individuals who are divorced.
, there were 43 households that consist of only one person and 7 households with five or more people. , a total of 100 apartments (67.1% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 35 apartments (23.5%) were seasonally occupied and 14 apartments (9.4%) were empty. , the construction rate of new housing units was 4.3 new units per 1000 residents. The vacancy rate for the municipality, , was 3.39%. In 2011, single family homes made up 70.8% of the total housing in the municipality.
The historical population is given in the following chart:
Politics
In the 2011 federal election the most popular party was the Swiss People's Party (SVP) which received 35.7% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the Conservative Democratic Party (BDP) (29.4%), the Social Democratic Party (SP) (13.2%) and the FDP.The Liberals (7.4%). In the federal election, a total of 72 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 34.0%.
Economy
The largest industries are tourism and agriculture.
, Gadmen had an unemployment rate of 0.37%. , there were a total of 100 people employed in the municipality. Of these, there were 37 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 17 businesses involved in this sector. 14 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 4 businesses in this sector. 49 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 11 businesses in this sector. There were 107 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 37.4% of the workforce.
there were a total of 70 full-time equivalent jobs. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 20, all in agriculture. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 13 of which 5 or (38.5%) were in manufacturing. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 37. In the tertiary sector; 2 or 5.4% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 2 or 5.4% were in the movement and storage of goods, 29 or 78.4% were in a hotel or restaurant, 1 was in education and 2 or 5.4% were in health care.
, there were 7 workers who commuted into the municipality and 47 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 6.7 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. A total of 60 workers (89.6% of the 67 total workers in the municipality) both lived and worked in Gadmen. Of the working population, 11.2% used public transportation to get to work, and 52.3% used a private car.
In 2011 the average local and cantonal tax rate on a married resident, with two children, of Gadmen making 150,000 CHF was 13.3%, while an unmarried resident's rate was 19.6%. For comparison, the average rate for the entire canton in the same year, was 14.2% and 22.0%, while the nationwide average was 12.3% and 21.1% respectively.
In 2009 there were a total of 97 tax payers in the municipality. Of that total, 13 made over 75,000 CHF per year. There were 3 people who made between 15,000 and 20,000 per year. The greatest number of workers, 25, made between 50,000 and 75,000 CHF per year. The average income of the over 75,000 CHF group in Gadmen was 89,592 CHF, while the average across all of Switzerland was 130,478 CHF.
In 2011 a total of 0.9% of the population received direct financial assistance from the government.
Religion
From the , 226 or 83.1% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church, while 34 or 12.5% were Roman Catholic. Of the rest of the population, there was 1 member of an Orthodox church, and there were 2 individuals (or about 0.74% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There was 1 individual who was Muslim. 5 (or about 1.84% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 3 individuals (or about 1.10% of the population) did not answer the question.
Climate
Between 1981 and 2010 Gadmen had an average of 152.6 days of rain or snow per year and on average received of precipitation. The wettest month was July during which time Gadmen received an average of of rain or snow. During this month there was precipitation for an average of 14.6 days. The month with the most days of precipitation was June, with an average of 15.6, but with only of rain or snow. The driest month of the year was October with an average of of precipitation over 10 days.
Education
In Gadmen about 46.2% of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 4.9% have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 7 who had completed some form of tertiary schooling listed in the census, 57.1% were Swiss men, 42.9% were Swiss women.
The Canton of Bern school system provides one year of non-obligatory Kindergarten, followed by six years of Primary school. This is followed by three years of obligatory lower Secondary school where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower Secondary students may attend additional schooling or they may enter an apprenticeship.
During the 2011–12 school year, there were a total of 10 students attending classes in Gadmen. There were no kindergarten classes and only one primary class with all 10 students.
, there were a total of 28 students attending any school in the municipality. During the same year, 5 residents attended schools outside the municipality.
References
External links
Former municipalities of the canton of Bern
Oberhasli
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4044926
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glace%20Bay-Dominion
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Glace Bay-Dominion
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Glace Bay-Dominion is a provincial electoral district in Nova Scotia, Canada, that elects one member of the Nova Scotia House of Assembly.
The Member of the Legislative Assembly since 2021 is John White of the Progressive Conservative Party of Nova Scotia.
It was created in 1933 when the district of Cape Breton was divided into five electoral districts, one of which was named Cape Breton East. In 2001, the district name was changed to Glace Bay. In 2003, the district lost a small area at its southern tip to Cape Breton West. Following the 2019 redistribution, it gained the Dominion area from Cape Breton Centre and was re-named Glace Bay-Dominion.
Geography
The land area of Glace Bay-Dominion is .
Members of the Legislative Assembly
This riding has elected the following Members of the Legislative Assembly:
Election results
1925 general election
1928 general election
1933 general election
1937 general election
1941 general election
1945 general election
1949 general election
1953 general election
1956 general election
1960 general election
1963 general election
1967 general election
1970 general election
1974 general election
1978 general election
1980 by-election
|-
|PC
|Donnie MacLeod
|align="right"|4,505
|align="right"|
|align="right"|
|-
|NDP
|Reeves Matheson
|align="right"|2,996
|align="right"|
|align="right"|
|-
|Liberal
|Vincent Kachafanas
|align="right"|2,904
|align="right"|
|align="right"|
|-
|Independent
|Ignatius V. Kennedy
|align="right"|101
|align="right"|
|align="right"|
|}
1981 general election
1984 general election
1988 general election
1993 general election
1998 general election
1999 general election
2000 by-election
|-
|Liberal
|Dave Wilson
|align="right"|4,017
|align="right"|43.33
|align="right"|
|-
|NDP
|Cecil Saccary
|align="right"|3,609
|align="right"|38.93
|align="right"|
|-
|PC
|Brad Kerr
|align="right"|1,644
|align="right"|17.74
|align="right"|
|}
2003 general election
2006 general election
2009 general election
2010 by-election
|NDP
|Myrtle Campbell
|align="right"|2,281
|align="right"|31.52
|align="right"|
|PC
|Michelle Wheelhouse
|align="right"|759
|align="right"|10.48
|align="right"|
|Independent
|Edna Lee
|align="right"|195
|align="right"|2.69
|align="right"|
2013 general election
|-
|Liberal
|Geoff MacLellan
|align="right"|5,547
|align="right"|80.36
|align="right"|
|NDP
|Mary Beth MacDonald
|align="right"|1,001
|align="right"|14.50
|align="right"|
|-
|PC
|Thomas Bethell
|align="right"|355
|align="right"|5.14
|align="right"|
|}
2017 general election
2021 general election
References
External links
riding profile
June 13, 2006 Nova Scotia Provincial General Election Poll By Poll Results
June 9, 2009 Nova Scotia Provincial General Election Poll By Poll Results
Nova Scotia provincial electoral districts
Politics of the Cape Breton Regional Municipality
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4044935
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric%20Yoffie
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Eric Yoffie
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Eric H. Yoffie is a Reform rabbi, and President Emeritus of the Union for Reform Judaism (URJ), the congregational arm of the Reform movement in North America, which represents an estimated 1.5 million Reform Jews in more than 900 synagogues across the United States and Canada. He was the unchallenged head of American Judaism's largest denomination from 1996 to 2012. Following his retirement in 2012, he has been a lecturer and writer; his writings appear regularly in The Huffington Post, The Jerusalem Post, and Haaretz.
Family and career
Rabbi Yoffie was raised in Worcester, Massachusetts, where his family belonged to historic Temple Emanuel, and he was involved in the Reform Movement's Youth organization, the North American Federation of Temple Youth (NFTY). He first held the position of president in the Northeast Region of NFTY before moving on to be the organization's Vice President in 1965–1966.
After high school Yoffie spent his first year at Stanford University, and graduated from Brandeis University. He received his Rabbinical ordination from Hebrew Union College in New York in 1974. He served congregations in Lynbrook, NY, and Durham, NC, before joining the URJ as director of the Midwest Council in 1980. In 1983 he was named Executive Director of the Association of Reform Zionists of America (ARZA). In 1992 he became vice president of the URJ and director of the Commission on Social Action. In addition, he served as executive editor of the Reform Judaism magazine. On July 1, 1996, he succeeded Rabbi Alexander M. Schindler as president of the Union for Reform Judaism. In 1999 The Jewish Daily Forward named Yoffie the number one Jewish leader in America.
In 2009 Newsweek named him # 8 on its list of "50 Influential Rabbis."
He is married to Amy Jacobson Yoffie. The couple has two children, and reside in Westfield, New Jersey.
On June 10, 2010, Rabbi Yoffie announced his intention to step down from the post of president of the URJ at the age of 65, in June 2012. He was succeeded by Rabbi Rick Jacobs, who had served as the senior rabbi at Westchester Reform Temple in Scarsdale, NY.
Views on Jewish life
Rabbi Yoffie has been a proponent of increased traditionalism within Reform Judaism, encouraging a greater focus on Jewish text study and prayer. Dr. Jonathan Sarna, the dean of American Jewish historians, noted that Yoffie devoted time as President of the URJ to bringing "old ideas" to Reform Judaism, "urging its rank and file to focus on enriching their spiritual lives and expanding their knowledge of Judaism." During his tenure, he announced two major worship initiatives. The first, in 1999, was designed to help congregations become "houses in which we pray with joy." The second, eight years later, fostered Shabbat observance among individual Reform Jews while encouraging congregations to rethink their Shabbat morning worship. Rabbi Yoffie was also a proponent of lifelong Jewish study and helped synagogues to develop programs that increased Jewish literacy among adults. In 2005, he introduced the Sacred Choices curriculum to teach sexual ethics to teens in Reform camps and congregations.
In his recent writings, Yoffie has argued against understandings of Judaism that are primarily secular or cultural, referring to such Jews as "self-delusional," and suggesting that such understandings mistake a part for the whole and that a religiously-grounded Judaism is essential to assure the Jewish future.
Views on interfaith relations
Rabbi Yoffie has been a pioneer in interfaith relations and launched Movement-wide dialogue programs with both Christians and Muslims. In 2005, he was the first Jew to address the Churchwide Assembly of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America. Later that year, he harshly criticized some positions of the Religious Right, but in 2006 he accepted the invitation of the Rev. Jerry Falwell to address the students and faculty of Liberty University; as the first Rabbi to appear at a university-wide convocation, he talked frankly of areas of agreement and disagreement between Evangelical Christians and Jews. Yoffie first spoke on shared values of family and morality before defending church-state separation and gay marriage, which elicited boos from the students.
On August 21, 2007, Rabbi Yoffie was the first leader of a major Jewish organization to speak at the convention of the Islamic Society of North America. In his remarks he spoke of "a huge and profound ignorance of Islam" by Jews and Christians in North America. He stated that "the time has come to listen to our Muslim neighbors speak, from their heart and in their own words, about the spiritual power of Islam and their love for their religion." He also asked Muslims for more understanding of Judaism: “The dialogue will not be one way, of course. You will teach us about Islam and we will teach you about Judaism. We will help you to overcome stereotyping of Muslims, and you will help us to overcome stereotyping of Jews.” Rabbi Yoffie later was a supporter of the Park51 Community Center, and he has been a strong advocate for the rights of Muslim Americans.
In contrast to these above interfaith efforts, Yoffie strongly disagrees with atheism, claiming that it lacks "humility, imagination, and curiosity."
Views on social justice
As President of the URJ, Rabbi Yoffie spoke to a wide variety of social justice issues. He opposed the death penalty, supported LBGT rights, and was a prominent spokesperson for gun control. He was the only religious leader to appear at the Million Mom March in Washington, D.C., declaring that "the indiscriminate distribution of guns is an offense against God and humanity." Rabbi Yoffie went on to state that "our gun-flooded society has turned weapons into idols, and the worship of idols must be recognized for what it is—blasphemy. And the only appropriate religious response to blasphemy is sustained moral outrage."
Views on relations with Israel
Rabbi Yoffie has devoted much of his public life to working on behalf of the Jewish state and to promoting close ties between Israel and American Jews. During his years as URJ President, he met frequently with Israel's elected officials to present the concerns of the Reform movement and North American Jewry. He has been a prominent advocate of religious freedom and religious pluralism in Israel, arguing that the cause of Judaism can only be advanced by education and persuasion and not by coercion. In an incident that drew international headlines, Rabbi Yoffie in June 2006 declined to meet with Israeli President Moshe Katsav after the President refused to address Rabbi Yoffie with the title "Rabbi". The Chief Rabbinate of Israel does not recognize rabbinic ordinations from non-Orthodox institutions, In 2014, Rabbi Yoffie challenged the Presidential candidate, Reuven Rivlin, by asking if he would address Reform rabbis by the title "rabbi." While Rivlin did not respond directly to this issue while a candidate, a source close to him responded that he "has always received Rabbi Yoffie respectfully and will continue to have a wonderful relationship with Diaspora Jews."
Contemporary spirituality
In his recent writings, in the Huffington Post and elsewhere, Rabbi Yoffie has addressed broad questions of belief and spirituality in American life. In particular, he has applied a progressive religious point of view to issues of sin, atheism, and community, as well as contemporary matters such as immigration, health care, and economic justice. In "What it Means to be a Liberal Person of Faith" and in other widely read articles, he has suggested that progressive religion has a vital role to play during a time of "culture wars," fear of terrorism, and economic uncertainty.
References
External links
Rabbi Eric H. Yoffie, biography
Our New President Rabbi Eric H. Yoffie: Teacher of Living Torah, Interview by Aron Hirt-Manheimer, Union of American Hebrew Congregations, Fall 1996
Rabbi Eric H. Yoffie Contemplations, Interview by Aron Hirt-Manheimer, Union for Reform Judaism, Spring 2012
Living people
1940s births
American Reform rabbis
Rabbis from Massachusetts
Brandeis University alumni
Hebrew Union College alumni
20th-century American rabbis
21st-century American rabbis
People from Worcester, Massachusetts
People from Lynbrook, New York
People from Durham, North Carolina
People from Westfield, New Jersey
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4044946
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Emblem
|
National Emblem
|
"National Emblem", also known as the National Emblem March, is a U.S. march composed in 1902 and published in 1906 by Edwin Eugene Bagley. It is a standard of the U.S. march repertoire, appearing in eleven published editions. The U.S. military uses the trio section as ceremonial music for the entry of the ceremony's official party.
History
Bagley composed the score during a 1902 train tour with his family band, Wheeler's Band of Bellows Falls, Vermont. He became frustrated with the ending, and tossed the composition in a bin. Members of the band retrieved it and secretly rehearsed the score in the baggage car. Bagley was surprised when the band informed him minutes before the next concert that they would perform it. It became the most famous of all of Bagley's marches. Despite this the composition did not make Bagley wealthy; he sold the copyright for $25.
In the first strain, Bagley incorporated the first twelve notes of "The Star-Spangled Banner" played by euphonium, bassoon, alto clarinet, tenor saxophone, and trombone, disguised in duple rather than triple time. The rest of the notes are all Bagley's, including the four short repeated A-flat major chords that lead to a statement by the low brass that is now reminiscent of the national anthem. Unusually, Bagley's march does not incorporate either a breakstrain or a stinger. However the exact repetition of the trio's melody at a chromatic mediant (A-flat Major/m.3 of Trio, then C Major/m.10 of Trio) is suggestive of a breakstrain.
The band of Arthur Pryor made the first recording of the march on May 19, 1908, followed by a United States Marine Band recording on March 21, 1914 (both recordings by the Victor Talking Machine Company).
Reception
John Philip Sousa was once asked to list the three most effective street marches ever written. Sousa listed two of his own compositions, but he selected "National Emblem" for the third. When Sousa formed and conducted the 350-member U.S. Navy Jacket Band at the Naval Station Great Lakes he chose five marches for World War I Liberty bond drives. Four were by Sousa—"Semper Fidelis", "Washington Post", "The Thunderer", "Stars and Stripes Forever", and Bagley's "National Emblem March".
Legacy
"National Emblem March" was the favorite march composition of Frederick Fennell, who made an arrangement of it in 1981. Fennell called the piece "as perfect a march as a march can be".
Besides Fennell's arrangement, there are also band arrangements by Albert Morris (1978), Andrew Balent (1982), Paul Lavender (1986), and Loris J. Schissel (2000).
In popular culture
In 1960 a group of studio musicians led by Ernie Freeman recorded a rock and roll arrangement of the tune, which was subsequently released as a Liberty Records single under the title National City and credited to the Joiner (Arkansas) Junior High School Band. It became a minor hit, reaching #53 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart.
The march has been featured in films such as The Dirty Dozen, Protocol and Hot Shots!.
A theme from the march is quoted in Phil Ochs's song The War Is Over.
References
Further reading
External links
Piano score at IN Harmony: Sheet Music from Indiana at website of Indiana University
United States Marine Band Ceremonial Music (MP3s)
Sheet music cover and MP3 of music at the Illinois Digital Archive
1902 compositions
1902 songs
American marches
American patriotic songs
Concert band pieces
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4044947
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levsen%20Organ%20Company
|
Levsen Organ Company
|
Levsen Organ Company is a manufacturer of pipe organs based out of Buffalo, Iowa, which is near the Quad Cities.
Levsen began operations as a tuning and repair facility for electric pianos and organs in 1954. For the first 11 years, this would be the scope of the business. Company founder Rodney E. Levsen began working with a major pipe organ builder, and completed an apprenticeship. After this he began offering his services tuning and repairing pipe organs.
In 1980 he began building organs under the Levsen name. , he has built 53 organs of a variety of sizes, and is currently working on an additional six organs. Levsen organs can be found throughout the United States. He also helps service and maintain over 150 existing instruments, mainly in the upper midwest. In addition to organ work, his company has developed tools and computer software that is also used by other builders.
References
External links
Levsen Organ Company
Pipe organ building companies
Musical instrument manufacturing companies of the United States
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5382243
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thalassodromeus
|
Thalassodromeus
|
Thalassodromeus is a genus of pterosaur that lived in what is now Brazil during the Early Cretaceous period, about a hundred million years ago. The original skull, discovered in 1983 in the Araripe Basin of northeastern Brazil, was collected in several pieces. In 2002, the skull was made the holotype specimen of Thalassodromeus sethi by palaeontologists Alexander Kellner and Diogenes de Almeida Campos. The generic name means "sea runner" (in reference to its supposed mode of feeding), and the specific name refers to the Egyptian god Seth due to its crest being supposedly reminiscent of Seth's crown. Other scholars have pointed out that the crest was instead similar to the crown of Amon. A jaw tip was assigned to T. sethi in 2005, became the basis of the new genus Banguela in 2014, and assigned back to Thalassodromeus as the species T. oberlii in 2018. Another species (T. sebesensis) was described in 2015 based on a supposed crest fragment, but this was later shown to be part of a turtle shell.
Thalassodromeus had one of the largest known skulls among pterosaurs, around long, with one of the proportionally largest cranial crests of any vertebrate. Though only the skull is known, the animal is estimated to have had a wingspan of . The crest was lightly built and ran from the tip of the upper jaw to beyond the back of the skull, ending in a unique V-shaped notch. The jaws were toothless, and had sharp upper and lower edges. Its skull had large nasoantorbital fenestrae (opening that combined the antorbital fenestra in front of the eye with the bony nostril), and part of its palate was concave. The lower jaw was blade-like, and may have turned slightly upwards. The closest relative of Thalassodromeus was Tupuxuara; both are grouped in a clade that has been placed within either Tapejaridae (as the subfamily Thalassodrominae) or within Neoazhdarchia (as the family Thalassodromidae).
Several theories have been suggested to explain the function of Thalassodromeuss crest, including thermoregulation and display, but it likely had more than one function. The crests of thalassodromids appear to have developed late in growth (probably correlated with sexual maturity) and they may have been sexually dimorphic (differing according to sex). As the genus name implies, Thalassodromeus was originally proposed to have fed like a modern skimmer bird, by skimming over the water's surface and dipping its lower jaws to catch prey. This idea was later criticised for lack of evidence; Thalassodromeus has since been found to have had strong jaw musculature, and may have been able to kill and eat relatively large prey on the ground. The limb proportions of related species indicate that it may have adapted to fly in inland settings, and would have been efficient at moving on the ground. Thalassodromeus is known from the Romualdo Formation, where it coexisted with many other types of pterosaurs, dinosaurs and other animals.
History of discovery
The first known specimen of this pterosaur (an extinct order of flying reptiles) was collected in 1983 near the town of Santana do Cariri in the Araripe Basin of northeastern Brazil. Found in outcrops of the Romualdo Formation, it was collected over a long period in several pieces. The specimen (catalogued as DGM 1476-R at the Museu de Ciências da Terra) was preserved in a calcareous nodule, and consists of an almost-complete, three-dimensional skull (pterosaur bones are often flattened compression fossils), missing two segments of the bottom of the skull and mandible and the front of the lower jaw. The left jugal region and right mandibular ramus (half of the mandible) are pushed slightly inward. The skull was first reported in a 1984 Italian book, and preliminarily described and figured in 1990 by palaeontologists Alexander Kellner and Diogenes de Almeida Campos. Although the pieces of skull had been divided between museums in South and North America, they were assembled before 2002.
In 2002, Kellner and Campos described and named the new genus and species Thalassodromeus sethi, skull DGM 1476-R being the holotype specimen. The generic name is derived from the Ancient Greek words and , meaning "sea runner" in reference to the animal's supposed skim-feeding behaviour. The specific name refers to the Egyptian god Seth. The specimen was not fully prepared at the time of this preliminary description. The original describers chose the name sethi because the crest of this pterosaur was supposedly reminiscent of the crown worn by Seth, but the palaeontologists André Jacques Veldmeijer, Marco Signore, and Hanneke J. M. Meijer pointed out in 2005 that the crown (with its two tall plumes) was typically worn by the god Amon (or Amon-Ra) and his manifestationsnot by Seth.
In 2006, palaeontologists David M. Martill and Darren Naish suggested that Thalassodromeus was a junior synonym of the related genus Tupuxuara, which was named by Kellner and Campos in 1988 based on fossils from the same formation. In the view of Martill and Naish, the differences between these genera (including two species of Tupuxuara, T. longicristatus and T. leonardii) were due to ontogeny (changes during growth) and compression of the fossils; Thalassodromeus was simply an older, larger, and better-preserved individual. This idea was rejected by Kellner and Campos in 2007, who pointed out these species had differences in features other than their crests. They also noted that one specimen of Tupuxuara had a larger skull than Thalassodromeus (measured from the tip of the premaxilla to the back of the squamosal bone), despite Martill and Naish's contention that the latter was an older individual. Kellner and Campos' view has since been accepted by other researchers, including Martill and Naish.
Veldmeijer and colleagues assigned the front part of a mandible collected from the same formation to T. sethi in 2005. They concluded that although the two specimens differed in several details, the differences were not significant enough to base a new species on the mandible, and that the new specimen filled in the gap of Kellner and Campos' T. sethi skull reconstruction. Palaeontologists Jaime A. Headden and Herbert B. N. Campos coined the new binomial Banguela oberlii, based on their reinterpretation of the jaw tip as belonging to a toothless member of the family Dsungaripteridae, in 2014. The generic name is Portuguese for "toothless" and the specific name honours private collector Urs Oberli, who had donated the specimen to the Naturmuseum St. Gallen (where it is catalogued as NMSG SAO 25109). Headden and Campos interpreted the tip of T. sethi lower jaw as downturned; this and other features distinguished it from Banguela. In their 2018 re-description of the further-prepared T. sethi holotype skull, palaeontologists Rodrigo V. Pêgas, Fabiana R. Costa, and Kellner assigned B. oberlii back to Thalassodromeus while recognising it as a distinct species, and thereby created the new combination T. oberlii. Pêgas and colleagues also rejected the theory that the lower jaw of T. sethi was downturned, and reinterpreted the frontmost piece of the lower jaw to have connected directly with the subsequent piece (with no gap).
In 2015 palaeontologists Gerald Grellet Tinner and Vlad A. Codrea named a new species, T. sebesensis, based on what they interpreted as part of a cranial crest in a concretion found near the Sebeș River in Romania. The authors said that this would extend the range in time and space for the genus Thalassodromeus considerably, creating a 42-million-year gap between the older South American species and the younger European species. Palaeontologist Gareth J. Dyke and a large team of colleagues immediately rejected the pterosaurian identification of the T. sebesensis fossil, instead arguing that it was a misidentified part of a plastron (lower shell) of the prehistoric turtle Kallokibotion bajazidi (named in 1923). The idea that the fragment belonged to a turtle had been considered and rejected by Grellet-Tinnera and Codrea in their original description. Grellet-Tinnera and Codrea denied the turtle identity suggested by Dyke and colleagues, noting that those researchers had not directly examined the fossil.
Description
The holotype (and only known skull) of Thalassodromeus sethi is one of the largest pterosaur skulls ever discovered. The entire skull is estimated to have been long; the bones were fused together, indicating adulthood. Based on related pterosaurs, its wingspan was , making Thalassodromeus the largest known member of its clade, Thalassodromidae. Of similar proportions, its skull was more heavily built than that of its relative Tupuxuara. Although the postcranial skeleton of Thalassodromeus is unknown, relatives had unusually short and blocky neck vertebrae, with well-developed front and hind-limbs that were almost equal in length (excluding the long wing-finger). The hindlimbs were eighty percent that of the forelimb length, a unique ratio among pterodactyloids (short-tailed pterosaurs). As a pterosaur, Thalassodromeus was covered with hair-like pycnofibres and had extensive wing membranes (which were extended by the wing finger).
The skull of T. sethi had a streamlined profile, especially from the tip of the snout to the front edge of the nasoantorbital fenestra (opening which combined the antorbital fenestra in front of the eye with the bony nostril). The most conspicuous feature of the skull was the large crest, which ran along the upper edge from the tip of the snout and beyond the occiput at the back of the skull, almost doubling the length and height of the skull. With the exception of the pterosaur Tupandactylus imperator (whose crest consisted mainly of soft tissue), T. sethi had the proportionally largest cranial crest of any known vertebrate (75 percent of the skull's side surface). The crest was mainly formed by the premaxillae (the frontmost snout bones), frontal bones, parietal bones, and part of the supraoccipital bone. The premaxillae formed most of the crest, extending to its back, and contacted the frontoparietal part of the crest by a straight suture (a distinct feature of this species). The crest varied from in thickness; it thickened at the contact between the premaxillae and the frontoparietal part, and became gradually thinner toward the top and back (except for the lower part behind the occiput, where it had a thick base).
Despite its size, the crest was lightly built and essentially hollow; some areas indicate signs of skeletal pneumatisation and a well-developed trabecular system uniting the bones. The crest's surface had a system of channels of varying size and thickness, probably the impressions of extensive blood vessels. A small, opening was present above the orbit (eye socket), piercing the basal part of the crest; such a feature is unknown in other pterosaurs, and does not appear to be due to damage. The margins of the opening are smooth, and the inner border has fenestration connecting it to the inner structure of the crest. The back of the crest ended in a prominent V-shaped notch, a unique feature of this species. Although other parts of the crest have V-shaped breaks, the V shape at the end does not appear to have been due to breakage; the margins of the bone can be seen there, still encased by matrix. The crest probably had a keratinous (horny) covering and may have been extended by soft tissue in some areas, but the extent of this is unknown.
The upper jaw of T. sethi was primarily composed of premaxillae and maxillae; the suture which formed the border between these bones is not visible. As in all members of its clade, the jaws were edentulous (toothless). The rostrum (snout) was long from the tip of the premaxilla to the joint where the quadrate bone of the skull connected with the articular bone of the lower jaw. The front of the premaxillae had sharp upper and lower edges, unique to this species. As in related genera, the nasoantorbital fenestra was comparatively large; it was long and high, which was 71 percent of the skull length (excluding the crest). The lacrimal bone, which separated the orbit from the nasoantorbital fenestra, was vertically elongated and higher than the upper surface of the orbit (in contrast to the condition seen in pterodactyloids with smaller nasoantorbital fenestrae). The orbit was slender and compressed from front to back compared to Tupuxuara and tapejarids, but similar to some of them in being more than half the height of the nasoantorbital fenestra. The orbit was positioned lower than the upper margin of the nasoantorbital fenestra, and therefore very low on the skull. Although the bones bordering the lower temporal fenestra (an opening behind the orbit) were incomplete, it appears to have been elongated and slit-like (as in Tupuxuara and Tapejara).
The palatal area at the tip of T. sethis snout was a sharp ridge, similar to the keel seen on the upper surface of the mandibular symphysis where the two halves of the lower jaw connected. Small slit-like foramina (openings) on the lower side edges of the ridge indicate that it had a horny covering in life, similar to Tupandactylus. The lower edge of the area was somewhat curved, which probably created a small gap when the jaws were closed. Further back, immediately in front of the nasoantorbital fenestra, the palatal ridge became a strong, blunt, convex keel. This convexity fit into the symphyseal shelf at the front end of the lower jaw, and they would have tightly interlocked when the jaws were closed. The palatal ridge ended in a strongly concave area unique to this species. The postpalatine fenestrae (openings behind the palatine bone) were oval and very small, differing from those of related species. The ectopterygoid (bone on the side of the palate) had large, plate-like sides, and was well-developed compared to related species. The supraoccipital bone, which formed the hindmost base of the cranial crest, had muscle scars at its upper end (probably corresponding to the attachment of neck muscles).
Although the lower jaw of T. sethi is incomplete, its total length is estimated at 47 percent of which was occupied by the mandibular symphysis. The tip of the mandible is missing, but its front surface indicates that it might have been turned slightly upwards as in T. oberlii (the possible second species of Thalassodromeus, or possibly a different genus (Banguela) which is known only from a jaw tip). The symphyseal shelf, the upper surface of the symphysis, extended for and had a flat surface. Seen from above, the side edges of this area were tall and formed a sharp margin. Near the front end of the symphysis, the edges which formed the margins became broader towards the front of the shelf until they met and fused. The upper and lower surfaces of the jaw at the front of the shelf were keeled (the upper keel more robust and starting before the lower), which gave the symphysis a blade-like shape. The lower keel became deeper towards the front of the jaw, giving the impression that the jaw deflected downwards; it was actually straight, except for the (perhaps) upturned tip. The mandibular fossae (depressions) at the back of the upper jaw were deeper and broader than usual in pterodactyloids, creating large surfaces for the lower jaw to articulate with. The possible species T. oberlii differed from T. sethi and other relatives by the upper surface of its mandibular symphysis being slightly shorter than the lower surface, and was further distinguished from T. sethi by the upper edge of the symphysis being much sharper than the lower. The two species shared features such as the compression of the symphysis sideways and from top to bottom, the sharp keel at the upper front of the symphysis, and the small groove running along the upper surface of the shelf.
Classification
The classification of Thalassodromeus and its closest relatives is one of the most contentious issues regarding their group. Kellner and Campos originally assigned Thalassodromeus to the family Tapejaridae, based on its large crest and large nasoantorbital fenestra. Within this clade, they found that it differed from the short-faced genus Tapejara but shared a keel on the palate with Tupuxuara. Kellner elaborated on the relationships within Tapejaridae in 2004, and pointed out that Thalassodromeus and Tupuxuara also shared a crest consisting primarily of bone; the crest had a large component of soft tissue in other members of the group.
Martill and Naish considered Tapejaridae a paraphyletic (unnatural) group in 2006, and found Tupuxuara (which included Thalassodromeus in their analysis) to be the sister taxon to the family Azhdarchidae. This clade (Tupuxuara and Azhdarchidae) had been named Neoazhdarchia by palaeontologist David Unwin in 2003, an arrangement Martill and Naish concurred with. According to Martill, features uniting members of Neoazhdarchia included the presence of a notarium (fused vertebrae in the shoulder region), the loss of contact between the first and third metacarpals (bones in the hand), and very long snouts (more than 88% of the skull length). Kellner and Campos defended the validity of Tapejaridae in 2007, dividing it into two clades: Tapejarinae and Thalassodrominae, the latter containing Thalassodromeus (the type genus) and Tupuxuara. They distinguished thalassodromines by their high nasoantorbital fenestrae and the bony part of their crests beginning at the front of the skull and continuing further back than in other pterosaurs.
The interrelationship of these clades within the larger clade Azhdarchoidea remained disputed, and the clade containing Thalassodromeus and Tupuxuara had received different names from different researchers (Thalassodrominae and Tupuxuaridae). Palaeontologist Mark Witton attempted to resolve the naming issue in 2009, noting that the name "Tupuxuaridae" (first used in the vernacular form "tupuxuarids" by palaeontologist Lü Junchang and colleagues in 2006) had never been validly established and Thalassodrominae should be the proper name (although it was bestowed a year later). Witton further converted the subfamily name Thalassodrominae into the family name Thalassodromidae, and considered the clade part of Neoazhdarchia.
A 2011 analysis by palaeontologist Felipe Pinheiro and colleagues upheld the grouping of the clades Tapejarinae and Thalassodrominae in the family Tapejaridae, joined by the Chaoyangopterinae. A 2014 study by palaeontologist Brian Andres and colleagues instead found thalassodromines to group with dsungaripterids, forming the clade Dsungaripteromorpha within Neoazhdarchia (defined as the most inclusive clade containing Dsungaripterus weii but not Quetzalcoatlus northropi).
Cladogram based on Pinheiro and colleagues, 2011:
Cladogram based on Andres and colleagues, 2014:
Pêgas and colleagues kept Tapejarinae and Thalassodrominae as part of Tapejaridae in 2018, but acknowledged that the subject was still controversial.
Palaeobiology
Crest function
Possible functions for Thalassodromeuss cranial crest were proposed by Kellner and Campos in 2002. They suggested that the network of blood vessels on its large surface was consistent with use for thermoregulation, which had also been suggested for the crests of some dinosaurs. Kellner and Campos thought that the crest was used for cooling (enabling the animal to dissipate excess metabolic heat through convection), while heat transfer was controlled byand depended onthe network of blood vessels. The ability to control its body temperature would have aided Thalassodromeus during intense activity (such as hunting), and they suggested that, when in flight, heat would have been dispelled more effectively if the crest was aligned with the wind, while the head was intentionally moved to the sides. Kellner and Campos posited that the crest could have had additional functions, such as display; aided by colour, it could have been used in species recognition, and could also have been a sexually dimorphic feature (differing according to sex), as has been proposed for Pteranodon.
In 2006, Martill and Naish found that the crests of Tupuxuara and its relatives developed by the premaxillary portion of the crests growing backwards over the skull-roof (as indicated by the well-defined suture between the premaxilla and the underlying bones). The hind margin of the premaxillary part of this specimen's crest had only reached above the hind margin of the nasoantorbital fenestra, indicating that it was not an adult at the time of death. This suggests that the development of the crest happened late in the growth of an individual, was probably related to sexual display, and the sexual maturity of a given specimen could be assessed by the size and disposition of the crest. The T. sethi holotype, with its hypertrophied (enlarged) premaxillary crest, would thereby represent an old adult individual (and the mature stage of Tupuxuara, according to their interpretation). Kellner and Campos found Martill and Naish's discussion of cranial crest development interesting, although they found their proposed model speculative.
Palaeontologists David W. E. Hone, Naish, and Innes C. Cuthill reiterated Martill and Naish's growth hypothesis in 2012; since pterosaurs were probably precocial and able to fly shortly after hatching, the role of the crest was relevant only after maturity (when the structure was fully grown). They deemed the thermoregulation hypothesis an unlikely explanation for the blood-vessel channels on the crest, which they found consistent with nourishment for growing tissue (such as the keratin in bird beaks). Hone, Naish, and Cuthill suggested that the wing membranes and air-sac system would have been more effective at controlling heat than a crest, and wind and water could also have helped cool pterosaurs in high-temperature maritime settings. In 2013, Witton agreed that the substantially larger crests of adult thalassodromids indicated that they were more important for behavioural activities than for physiology. He found the idea that the crests were used for thermoregulation problematic, since they did not grow regularly with body size; they grew at a fast pace in near-adults, quicker than what would be predicted for the growth of a thermoregulatory structure. According to Witton, the large, highly vascular wing membranes of pterosaurs would provide the surface area needed for thermoregulation, meaning the crests were not needed for that function. He concluded that the crest's blood-vessel patterns did not differ much from those seen on bones under the beaks of birds, which are used for transporting nutrients to the bone and soft tissues rather than for thermoregulation. Witton noted that although bird beaks lose heat quickly, that is not what they were developed for; the crests of pterosaurs might also have had an effect on thermoregulation, without this being their primary function.
Pêgas and colleagues noted that sexual dimorphism in crest size and shape has been proposed for some pterosaurs; the crest shape seen in the T. sethi holotype may correlate with one sex and may have been the result of sexual selection. They suggested that both sexes could have had similar crests due to mutual sexual selection, but interpretation of exaggerated features was challenging due to the small sample size; more T. sethi specimens would have to be found to evaluate these theories. They did not think that thermoregulation correlated with crest growth relative to body size, since the bills of toucans (the largest of any modern birds) grow drastically out of proportion to body size and function as thermoregulatory structures, as well as facilitating feeding and social behaviour. Pêgas and colleagues found the vascular structure of toucan bills comparable to that in the crest of T. sethi, concluding that the crest also had multiple functions.
Feeding and diet
Kellner and Campos originally found the jaws of Thalassodromeus similar to those of modern skimmersthree bird species in the genus Rhynchopswith their sideways-compressed jaws, blade-like beak, and protruding lower jaw (resembling scissors in side view). They argued that Thalassodromeus would have fed in a similar way, as implied by the genus name; skimmers skim over the surface of water, dipping their lower jaw to catch fish and crustaceans. Kellner and Campos listed additional skull features of skimmers which are adaptations for skim feeding, including enlarged palatine bones, a feature also shared with Thalassodromeus. Unlike skimmers and other pterosaurs, the palatine bones of Thalassodromeus were concave, which the writers suggested could have helped it momentarily store food. Like skimmers, Thalassodromeus also appears to have had powerful neck muscles, large jaw muscles, and an upper jaw tip well-irrigated by blood (features which Kellner and Campos interpreted as adaptations for skimming). They concluded that the scissor-like bill and thin crest almost made other modes of capturing preysuch as swooping down toward water and plunging into itimpossible. Conceding the difficulty of reconstructing Thalassodromeuss fishing method, they envisioned it with a less-mobile neck than skimmers; with the crest impeding its head from submersion it would glide, flapping its wings only occasionally. They found that the pterosaur with jaws most similar to those of Thalassodromeus was the smaller Rhamphorhynchus, although they believed that it would have had limited skimming ability.
In 2004, palaeontologist Sankar Chatterjee and engineer R. Jack Templin said that smaller pterosaurs may have been able to skim-feed. They doubted that this was possible for larger ones, due to their lesser manoeuvrability and flying capability while resisting water. Chatterjee and Templin noted that skimmers have blunter beaks than pterosaurs like Thalassodromeus, to direct water from the jaw while skimming. In 2007, biophysicist Stuart Humphries and colleagues questioned whether any pterosaurs would have commonly fed by skimming and said that such conclusions had been based on anatomical comparisons rather than biomechanical data. The drag experienced by bird bills and pterosaur jaws was hydrodynamically and aerodynamically tested by creating model bills of the black skimmer, Thalassodromeus, and the (presumably) non-skimming Tupuxuara and towing them along a water-filled trough at varying speeds. The researchers found that skimming used more energy for skimmers than previously thought, and would have been impossible for a pterosaur weighing more than due to the metabolic power required. They found that even smaller pterosaurs, like Rhamphorhynchus, were not adapted for skimming. The aluminium rigging of the Thalassodromeus model was destroyed during the experiment, due to the high and unstable forces exerted on it while skimming at high speed, casting further doubt on this feeding method. The authors used the jaw tip of T. oberlii to model the performance of Thalassodromeus, since it was assigned to T. sethi at the time.
Unwin and Martill suggested in 2007 that thalassodromids may have foraged similarly to storks, as had been suggested for azhdarchids. Witton said in 2013 that although skim-feeding had been suggested for many pterosaur groups, the idea was criticised in recent years; pterosaurs lacked virtually all adaptations for skim-feeding, making it unlikely that they fed this way. Thalassodromeus (unlike skimmers) did not have a particularly wide or robust skull or especially large jaw-muscle attachment sites, and its mandible was comparatively short and stubby. Witton agreed with Unwin and Martill that thalassodromids, with their equal limb proportions and elongated jaws, were suited to roaming terrestrially and feeding opportunistically; their shorter, more flexible necks indicated a different manner of feeding than azhdarchids, which had longer, stiffer necks. He suggested that thalassodromids may have had more generalised feeding habits, and azhdarchids may have been more restricted; Thalassodromeus may have been better at handling relatively large, struggling prey than its relative, Tupuxuara, which had a more lightly built skull. Witton stressed that more studies of functional morphology would have to be done to illuminate the subject and speculated that Thalassodromeus might have been a raptorial predator, using its jaws to subdue prey with strong bites; its concave palate could help it swallow large prey.
Pêgas and Kellner presented a reconstruction of the mandibular muscles of T. sethi at a conference in 2015. They found that its well-developed jaw muscles differed from those of the possible dip-feeder Anhanguera and the terrestrially stalking azhdarchids, indicating that T. sethi had a strong bite force. In 2018, Pêgas and colleagues agreed that Thalassodromeus blade-like, robust jaws indicated that it could have used them to strike and kill prey, but they thought that biomechanical work was needed to substantiate the idea. They found (unlike Witton) that Thalassodromeus had a reinforced jaw joint and robust jaw muscles, but more work was needed to determine its dietary habits. According to Pêgas and colleagues, the articulation between T. sethi articular and quadrate bones (where the lower jaw connected with the skull) indicates a maximum gape of 50degreessimilar to the 52-degree gape inferred for Quetzalcoatlus.
Locomotion
In a 2002 comment on the original description of T. sethi, engineer John Michael Williams noted that although Kellner and Campos had mentioned that the large crest might have interfered aerodynamically during flight, they had not elaborated on this point and had compared the pterosaur with a bird one-fifth its size. He suggested that Thalassodromeus used its crest to balance its jaws, with the head changing attitude depending on the mode of locomotion. Williams speculated that the crest would be inflatable with blood and presented varying air resistance, which he compared to a handheld fan; this would have helped the animal change the attitude of the head during flight (and during contact with water), keeping it from rotating without powerful neck muscles. The crest would have made long flights possible, rather than interfering; Williams compared it with the spermaceti in the head of the sperm whale, stating it is supposedly used to change buoyancy through temperature adjustment. Kellner and Campos rejected the idea of an inflatable crest, since its compressed bones would not allow this; they did not find the sperm-whale analogy convincing in relation to flying animals, noting that spermaceti is more likely to be used during aggression or for sonar. They agreed that the idea of the crest having an in-flight function was tempting and sideways movement of the head would have helped it change direction, but biomechanical and flight-mechanical studies of the crest would have to be conducted to determine the animal's aerodynamics.
Witton also expressed hope for further analysis of thalassodromid locomotion. He noted that since their limb proportions were similar to those of the better-studied azhdarchids, the shape of their wings and style of flight might have been similar. Thalassodromids might also have been adapted for inland flight; their wings were short and broad (unlike the long, narrow wings of marine soarers), and were more manoeuvrable and less likely to snag on obstacles. Their lower shoulder muscles appear to have been enlarged, which would have helped with powerful (or frequent) wing downstrokes and takeoff ability. Although it may have had to compensate for its large crest during flight, its development late in growth indicates that it did not develop primarily for aerodynamics. Witton suggested that the proportional similarity between the limbs of thalassodromids and azhdarchids also indicates that their terrestrial abilities would have been comparable. Their limbs would have been capable of long strides, and their short, compact feet would have made these mechanics efficient. The enlarged shoulder muscles may have allowed them to accelerate quickly when running, and they may have been as adapted for movement on the ground as has been suggested for azhdarchids; Witton cautioned that more analysis of thalassodromids was needed to determine this.
Palaeoecology
Thalassodromeus is known from the Romualdo Formation, which dates to the Albian stage of the Early Cretaceous period (about 110million years ago). The formation is part of the Santana Group and, at the time Thalassodromeus was described, was thought to be a member of what was then considered the Santana Formation. The Romualdo Formation is a Lagerstätte (a sedimentary deposit that preserves fossils in excellent condition) consisting of lagoonal limestone concretions embedded in shales, and overlies the Crato Formation. It is well known for preserving fossils three-dimensionally in calcareous concretions, including many pterosaur fossils. As well as muscle fibres of pterosaurs and dinosaurs, fish preserving gills, digestive tracts, and hearts have been found there. The formation's tropical climate largely corresponded to today's Brazilian climate. Most of its flora were xerophytic (adapted to dry environments). The most widespread plants were Cycadales and the conifer Brachyphyllum.
Other pterosaurs from the Romualdo Formation include Anhanguera, Araripedactylus, Araripesaurus, Brasileodactylus, Cearadactylus, Coloborhynchus, Santanadactylus, Tapejara, Tupuxuara, Barbosania, Maaradactylus, Tropeognathus, and Unwindia. Thalassodromines are known only from this formation, and though well-preserved postcranial remains from there have been assigned to the group, they cannot be assigned to genus due to their lack of skulls. Dinosaur fauna includes theropods like Irritator, Santanaraptor, Mirischia, and an indeterminate unenlagiine dromaeosaur. The crocodyliforms Araripesuchus and Caririsuchus, as well as the turtles Brasilemys, Cearachelys, Araripemys, Euraxemys, and Santanachelys, are known from the deposits. There were also clam shrimps, sea urchins, ostracods, and molluscs. Well-preserved fish fossils record the presence of hybodont sharks, guitarfish, gars, amiids, ophiopsids, oshuniids, pycnodontids, aspidorhynchids, cladocyclids, bonefishes, chanids, mawsoniids and some uncertain forms. Pêgas and colleagues noted that pterosaur taxa from the Romualdo Formation had several species: two of Thalassodromeus, two of Tupuxuara, and up to six species of Anhanguera. It is possible that not all species in each taxon coexisted in time (as has been proposed for the pteranodontids of the Niobrara Formation), but there is not enough stratigraphic data for the Romualdo Formation to test this.
See also
List of pterosaur genera
Timeline of pterosaur research
References
Bibliography
Tapejaromorphs
Early Cretaceous pterosaurs of South America
Albian life
Cretaceous Brazil
Fossils of Brazil
Romualdo Formation
Fossil taxa described in 2002
Taxa named by Alexander Kellner
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5382247
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fly-by-Night%20%28Peyton%20novel%29
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Fly-by-Night (Peyton novel)
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Fly-by-Night is a children's novel by K. M. Peyton originally published by Oxford University Press in October 1968.
It is about an 11-year-old girl, Ruth Hollis, who buys a pony called Fly for £40 from a dealer. The low price reflects his lack of training. She expands his name to Fly-by-Night and attempts to train him herself without much success. She then joins a pony club to learn more about horses. A rivalry develops between Ruth and another girl, Pearl, who owns a pedigree Arabian mare named Milky Way. Ruth gets help from Peter, a runaway boy with much experience with horses. Ruth and Fly-by-Night compete in the hunter trials and come in sixth.
Fidra Books is currently publishing Fly-By-Night, with the sequel, The Team, expected in the future.
References
British children's novels
1968 British novels
Novels by K. M. Peyton
Pony books
1968 children's books
Oxford University Press books
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5382254
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adria%20Mobil
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Adria Mobil
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Adria Mobil is a company based in Novo Mesto, Slovenia, that produces caravans and motorhomes, under the ADRIA brandname and sells 99 percent of the total turnover to the West European markets.
Rank
The company has a 6.5 percent market share on the European market and ranks sixth among the most successful European producers in the basic programme, caravans and motorhomes.
History
The company was established in 1965 as a part of Industrija motornih vozil (the basic organization of associated labour) and became autonomous in 1990.
In 1982, Adria launched its first motorhome, the Adriatik.
In 1996, Adria is transferred to the new company Adria Mobil.
In 1998, Adria launched the Coral low-profile motorhome range, then in 2010 the Sonic integral motorhome.
In 2007, Adria acquired the Spanish mobile home manufacturer Sun Roller.
In 2015, the manufacturer is celebrating its 50th anniversary by launching a specific collection of its Twin and Matrix models, recognizable by their metallic silver bodywork.
Adria was acquired by the French firm Trigano, one of the largest recreational vehicle companies in Europe, in 2017.
Adria Holidays
Adria Holidays is a subsidiary of Adria Mobil and offers complementary tourism services in spirit of Adria Mobil's product development for active spending of spare time.
Main offerings of Adria Holidays are:
apartments on the Adriatic coast
yacht charter services
rentals of Adria Mobil's caravans
References
External links
Adria Mobil official website
Adria Holidays official website
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1965
Motor vehicle manufacturers of Slovenia
Recreational vehicle manufacturers
Slovenian brands
Caravan and travel trailer manufacturers
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5382273
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honglujing%20Stele
|
Honglujing Stele
|
The Honglujing Stele () is a tablet 3 meters wide, 1.8 meters tall, & 2 meters thick. It has 29 Chinese characters written on it.
It is the only Tang dynasty stele found in Manchuria. It mentions the founding king of Balhae, King Go.
The stele is currently located in the Tokyo Imperial Palace. It was taken by the Japanese from the Chinese city of Lüshun in circa 1907 after the Russo-Japanese War. Chinese researchers are now studying it for the first time.
External links
"1,300-year-old stele eyed by Chinese, Japanese archaeologists", article from The Peoples Daily, 1 June 2006
Art and cultural repatriation
Balhae
Tang dynasty art
|
4044954
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krisztina%20Czak%C3%B3
|
Krisztina Czakó
|
Krisztina Czakó (born December 17, 1978 in Budapest, Hungary) is a former Hungarian figure skater. She is the 1997 European silver medalist and 1994 Skate Canada International champion.
Career
Czakó's mother Klara was a speed skater, while her father and coach György Czakó was himself a figure skater and a former Hungarian men's national champion. György began teaching Krisztina how to skate before she was a year old, making her a pair of skates himself when none could be found that were small enough to fit her.
Czakó was the youngest athlete to compete in the 1992 Winter Olympics, at age 13 years and 2 months. She was so young that she was still able to compete in the World Junior Championship in 1994 and 1995 (finishing second and third, respectively), despite her Olympic experience. She made her second Olympic appearance in Lillehammer, Norway in 1994, finishing 11th. She intended to compete in her third Olympics in 1998 but had to withdraw due to injury.
Czakó won the silver medal at the 1997 European Championships skating her long program to the music of The Addams Family. It was the first medal for Hungary in the European ladies' event since 1971. Czakó also achieved a career-best 7th-place finish at the 1997 World Championships.
Czakó was a seven-time Hungarian national champion (1992-1998), and represented her country in two Olympics, six World Championships, and six European championships, along with numerous other competitions. She is now retired from competitive skating.
Results
GP: Champions Series (Grand Prix)
References
External links
Krisztina Czakó official home page
Navigation
1978 births
Living people
Hungarian female single skaters
Figure skaters at the 1992 Winter Olympics
Figure skaters at the 1994 Winter Olympics
Olympic figure skaters of Hungary
European Figure Skating Championships medalists
World Junior Figure Skating Championships medalists
Competitors at the 1999 Winter Universiade
Figure skaters from Budapest
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5382286
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snettisham%20Hoard
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Snettisham Hoard
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The Snettisham Hoard or Snettisham Treasure is a series of discoveries of Iron Age precious metal, found in the Snettisham area of the English county of Norfolk between 1948 and 1973.
Iron age hoard
The hoard consists of metal, jet and over 150 gold/silver/copper alloy torc fragments, over 70 of which form complete torcs, dating from BC 70. Probably the most famous item from the hoard is the Great Torc from Snettisham, which is now held by the British Museum. Though the origins are unknown, it is of a high enough quality to have been royal treasure of the Iceni.
Recent electron microscopy research by the British Museum reveal the wear patterns in the torcs, the chemical composition of the metal, and the cut marks which reduced many of the torcs into fragments. One hypothesis suggests the deliberate destruction of valuable items was a form of votive offering.
The finds are deposited in Norwich Castle Museum and the British Museum. The hoard was ranked as number 4 in the list of British archaeological finds selected by experts at the British Museum for the 2003 BBC Television documentary, Our Top Ten Treasures, presented by Adam Hart-Davis.
Similar specimens are the Sedgeford Torc, found in 1965, and the Newark Torc, found in 2005, as well as the six torcs from the Ipswich Hoard found in 1968-9.
Romano-British hoard
In 1985 there was also a find of Romano-British jewellery and raw materials buried in a clay pot in AD 155, the Snettisham Jeweller's Hoard. Though it has no direct connection with the nearby Iron Age finds, it may be evidence of a long tradition of gold- and silver-working in the area.
See also
List of hoards in Britain
Iceni
Celtic Britain
References
External links
Norfolk Museums Service
Objects of historical interest in Norfolk
Archaeology of Norfolk
Archaeological sites in Norfolk
Prehistoric sites in England
Treasure troves of the Iron Age
Treasure troves of Roman Britain
Treasure troves in England
Torcs
Prehistoric objects in the British Museum
Romano-British objects in the British Museum
Celtic art
1948 archaeological discoveries
1973 archaeological discoveries
1948 in England
1973 in England
Hoards from Iron Age Britain
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4044955
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faded%20%28Kate%20DeAraugo%20song%29
|
Faded (Kate DeAraugo song)
|
"Faded" is a song written by Matthew Gerrard, Jessica Origliasso, Lisa Origliasso, and Robbie Nevil, produced by Gerrard and Bryon Jones for Australian singer Kate DeAraugo's first album A Place I've Never Been (2005). It was released as the album's second single in Australia on 20 February 2006 as a CD single. Two of the song's co-writers—Jessica and Lisa Origliasso of the Veronicas—recorded a demo of "Faded" prior to DeAraugo's release. They have been known to perform the song live.
"Faded" was DeAraugo's second top-10 single following her number-one hit "Maybe Tonight" after winning series three of Australian Idol. DeAraugo went on to achieve two other top-10 singles with girl group the Young Divas. In 2008, the song was covered by German dance music act Cascada for their second studio album, Perfect Day (2007).
Music video
The video begins with DeAraugo in her car with a photograph of her partner, The words "FADED" appear in the shadow of underneath her car. As the chorus begins, we see her performing the song in a large warehouse with her band. She then texts her boyfriend "Can you come over?", who we see stumbling down an alley in the presumption he is drunk, checking out another woman. After she receives the text, he drives to the same warehouse and opens the door to find photos of him with other woman scattered all over the floor, with the words "Cheat", "Liar", "Coward", "Fake", "Two Timer", and "User" put over his face. He then runs out, and upon trying to leave his car won't start, leaving him stranded there.
Track listing
"Faded" – 3:31
"Faded (Reactor mix)" – 3:40
"Faded (Chameleon mix)" – 4:59
"World Stands Still" – 3:56
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Cascada cover
German Eurodance group Cascada covered the song on their American/Canadian release of their album Perfect Day.
In the U.S. "Faded" was digitally released on 5 August 2008 and then released on a CD Maxi 26 August 2008. Although the song did not receive much attention on United States charts, it did rank as No. 55 on New York's Radio Station Z100's Top 100 Songs of 2008. The track was also released in certain European countries such as Finland and Germany as a digital download in 2010.
Formats and track listing
United States
"Faded" (Album Version) – 2:50
"Faded" (Dave Ramone Electro Club Edit) – 2:57
"Faded" (Wideboys Electro Radio Edit) – 2.36
"Faded" (Dave Ramone Pop Radio Mix) – 2:54
"Faded" (Album Extended Version) – 4:26
"Faded" (Dave Ramone Electro Club Extended) – 6:25
"Faded" (Wideboys Electro Club Mix) – 6:07
"Faded" (Dave Ramone Pop Extended Mix) – 5:51
"Faded" (Lior Magal Remix) – 5:27
"Faded" (Giuseppe D's Dark Fader Club Mix) – 7:20
Europe
"Faded" (Radio Edit) – 2:48
"Faded" (Wideboys Radio Edit) – 2:36
"Faded" (Extended Mix) – 4:24
"Faded" (Dave Ramone Remix) – 5.48
France
"Faded" (Wideboys Miami House Mix) – 6:04
Charts
Release history
References
2005 songs
2006 singles
Kate DeAraugo songs
Song recordings produced by Matthew Gerrard
Songs written by Jessica Origliasso
Songs written by Lisa Origliasso
Songs written by Matthew Gerrard
Songs written by Robbie Nevil
Sony BMG singles
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5382290
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITV%20Emergency%20National%20Service
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ITV Emergency National Service
|
The ITV Emergency National Service was the management response to the near-complete Independent Television technicians' strike immediately after the 1968 franchise changes took effect.
During the national ITV technicians' strike between 3 and 18 August 1968, the individual companies were off the air for several weeks and an emergency service was presented by management personnel with no regional variations. This was the first time that a uniform presentation practice was adopted across all regions. This did not happen again until ITV's first few days back on air following the technicians' strike of 1979, which blacked out the channel for 75 days.
Presentation
All programmes played during the service were repeats or had been pre-made for forthcoming transmission. Other than continuity, there was no live material. The programmes were transmitted from the ATV switching centre at Foley Street in London, while a team of ex-ABC announcers based in both Teddington and Foley Street provided presentation.
The announcing team for the special service was mainly David Hamilton, John Benson, Sheila Kennedy and Philip Elsmore, who would all continue as Thames announcers when the regional services restarted at the end of the strike.
The service was mounted at short notice after several days of blank screens. The management team behind the emergency service had needed to create a quick and simple national presentation style. The term "Independent Television" was chosen for the temporary national station (as the term "ITV" was relatively little used until the 1970s) and a range of text-only captions also provided. No symbol was used – the ident was simply the name in upper-case characters. A clock was borrowed from the studios at Teddington and the ABC triangle on the clock was mostly covered with tape.
Tuning signals
For the first three days of the service, an insert of the local "Picasso" tuning signal was tried along with a start-up tune before switching to the national output. To avoid confusion over regions, the ITA provided the Foley Street centre with a copy of the blank "Picasso" containing no regional identifier. A version with the words "Independent Television" was commissioned but did not arrive until the final few days of the service and was only used briefly at the end of the period.
This short service was not wholly consistent in presentation, and opened on some days with Picasso card and ident, whilst on other days only the ident card appeared. A march ("Here Comes the Band" by Robert Farnon, which also featured in The Prisoner) was chosen as the daily opening music.
Advertising
With a national service being provided, all advertising spots needed to be sold on a national basis. Therefore, a new rate card was introduced, charging £2,000 for 30 seconds of advertising time before 7.00pm and £3,500 after 7.00pm.
Prior to the strike, a 30-second advert in the London region alone would have cost £1,200. Although large national companies benefited from the lower rates, local companies who had previously advertised in their relevant region only were unable to do so during the emergency national service. As not all products or services advertised were sold nationwide, commercial breaks were often included with a disclaimer stating that some items advertised may not be available locally.
Schedules
During the course of emergency management run to service the network would be on air each day from around 4.45pm and would continue until 11.45pm as filled with repeats, imports and movies. This would be near normal typical broadcasting hours in 1968 for ITV, as well as the BBC were limited by the government to no more than eight hours per day of regular television programming in their regular daily schedules (with schools, adult education, religious and sporting coverages exempted from this daily limit).
Below is an example of one typical day during the strike on Thursday 8 August 1968:
4.40pm – Jimmy Green and his Time Machine
4.55pm – Bugs Bunny
5.20pm – The Queen Street Gang
5.50pm – News from ITN
6.04pm – Driveway
6.30pm – Film: Gold of the Seven Saints
8.00pm – The Goon Show
8.30pm – The Crime Buster
9.30pm – This Week
10.00pm – News from ITN
10.15pm – Cinema
10.45pm – Destination Mexico
11.15pm – The Variety Club from Batley, West Riding of Yorkshire
11.45pm – PR for the Parson (Epilogue) followed by weather forecast
12.00am – Closedown
See also
1968 in British television
References
External links
Vision On
A version of this article originally appeared on the Transdiffusion group of websites; the text was released under the GFDL.
ITV (TV network)
1968 in British television
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5382292
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allamuchy%20Mountain%20State%20Park
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Allamuchy Mountain State Park
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Allamuchy Mountain State Park is located in Allamuchy Township and Byram Township in the Allamuchy Mountain region of New Jersey. The park is operated and maintained by the New Jersey Division of Parks and Forestry. There are more than of unmarked trails in the northern section of Allamuchy, and of marked multi-use trails.
The park is in the Northeastern coastal forests ecoregion. The of mixed oak and hardwood forests and maintained fields of this natural area display various stages of succession. It is situated on the Musconetcong River.
Waterloo Village
Waterloo Village has exhibits from many different time periods from a 400-year-old Lenape (Delaware) Native American village to a port along the once prosperous Morris Canal. The early 19th-century village contains a working mill with gristmills and sawmills, a general store, a blacksmith shop and restored houses.
Sussex Branch Trail
The Sussex Branch Trail, a rail trail on the former Sussex Railroad, has a trail head on Waterloo Road. It travels to Cranberry Lake.
Rutherfurd-Stuyvesant Estate
The Rutherfurd-Stuyvesant Estate dates back to the 1700s and featured a large mansion and many outbuildings. By the mid 20th century, the mansion had burned down and the remaining buildings were in very poor condition. In the 1960s, the estate was purchased by the State to build route 80, which divided sections of the estate with an eight-lane highway. In the 1970s, the Allamuchy Mountain land became part of Allamuchy Mountain State Park. Tranquillity Farms, on the other side of the highway, remains a privately operated commercial farm.
Locally, the ruins of the Rutherfurd-Stuyvesant Estate have become known as "Profanity House" because many of the buildings and ruins have been vandalized and covered in explicit and graphic graffiti. In recent years, the estate has suffered from arson damage.
See also
Rutherfurd Hall
References
External links
NY-NJ Trail Conference: Allamuchy Mountain State Park Trail Details and Info
State parks of New Jersey
Parks in Sussex County, New Jersey
Parks in Warren County, New Jersey
Byram Township, New Jersey
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4044962
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colchester%20North%20%28provincial%20electoral%20district%29
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Colchester North (provincial electoral district)
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Colchester North is a provincial electoral district in Nova Scotia, Canada, that elects one member of the Nova Scotia House of Assembly. It was created in 1978 when the former district of Colchester was redistributed.
The Member of the Legislative Assembly is Tom Taggart of the Progressive Conservative Party of Nova Scotia, who replaced Karen Casey who had held the seat from 2006 to 2021 as both a Conservative and then a Liberal.
The riding includes the northern half of Colchester County. Communities include Debert, Great Village, and Tatamagouche.
Geography
The land area of Colchester North is .
Members of the Legislative Assembly
This riding has elected the following Members of the Legislative Assembly:
Election results
1978 general election
1981 general election
1984 general election
1988 general election
1993 general election
1998 general election
1999 general election
2003 general election
2006 general election
2009 general election
2013 general election
|Liberal
| Karen Casey
|align="right"| 5,003
|align="right"| 61.00
|align="right"|
|-
|Progressive Conservative
| John Kendrick MacDonald
|align="right"| 2,162
|align="right"| 26.36
|align="right"|
|-
|New Democratic Party
| Jim Wyatt
|align="right"| 1,037
|align="right"| 12.64
|align="right"|
|}
2017 general election
2021 general election
References
External links
riding profile
June 13, 2006 Nova Scotia Provincial General Election Poll by Poll Results
Nova Scotia provincial electoral districts
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4044969
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Du%2C%20du%20liegst%20mir%20im%20Herzen
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Du, du liegst mir im Herzen
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"Du, du liegst mir im Herzen" ("You, you are in my heart") is a German folk song, believed to have originated in northern Germany around 1820. Bavarian flautist Theobald Boehm, inventor of the fingering system for the modern western concert flute, composed a theme and variations for flute and piano on this tune.
Notable performances
The song is heard in the 1961 film Judgment at Nuremberg during a key scene between Spencer Tracy and Marlene Dietrich. In 1974's Blazing Saddles, Madeline Kahn, caricaturing Dietrich, sings it with a group of Prussian soldiers. It also features in Top Secret!, The Winds of War, Le Silence de la mer, the Barbara Stanwyck film Ever in My Heart and in Alfred Hitchcock's Lifeboat, sung by Walter Slezak. It was sung by the Kenneth Mars character, Franz Liebkind, in The Producers. In the 1991 film, What About Bob?, a gleeful Richard Dreyfuss whistles the melody of the chorus.
Bing Crosby included the song in a medley on his album 101 Gang Songs (1961). German-American jazz keyboardist Clare Fischer recorded two dramatically contrasting versions in 1975 and 1980, a solo piano performance on Alone Together and his arrangement for a Latin jazz ensemble supplemented by the vocal quartet 2+2 on the eponymous album 2+2.
Bill W., cofounder of Alcoholics Anonymous recorded this song in 1947 to send as part of a communication on reel to reel to his friend, cofounder Dr. Bob S.. This is the only known recording of Bill playing the violin, and can be listened to at Dr. Bob's Home in Akron, Ohio.
Lyrics
Du, du liegst mir im Herzen
du, du liegst mir im Sinn.
Du, du machst mir viel Schmerzen,
weißt nicht wie gut ich dir bin.
Ja, ja, ja, ja, weißt nicht wie gut ich dir bin.
So, so wie ich dich liebe
so, so liebe auch mich.
Die, die zärtlichsten Triebe
fühl' ich allein nur für dich.
Ja, ja, ja, ja, fühl' ich allein nur für dich.
Doch, doch darf ich dir trauen
dir, dir mit leichtem Sinn?
Du, du kannst auf mich bauen
weißt ja wie gut ich dir bin!
Ja, ja, ja, ja, weißt ja wie gut ich dir bin!
Und, und wenn in der Ferne,
mir, mir dein Bild erscheint,
dann, dann wünscht ich so gerne
daß uns die Liebe vereint.
Ja, ja, ja, ja, daß uns die Liebe vereint.
You, you are in my heart,
you, you are in my mind.
You, you cause me much pain,
you don't know how good I am for you.
Yes, yes, yes, yes you don't know how good I am for you.
So, as I love you
so, so love me too.
The most tender desires
I alone feel only for you.
Yes, yes, yes, yes, I alone feel only for you.
But, but may I trust you
you, you with a light heart?
You, you know you can rely on me,
you do know how good for you I am!
Yes, yes, yes, yes you do know how good for you I am!
And, and if in the distance,
it seems to me like your picture,
then, then I wish so much
that we were united in love.
Yes, yes, yes, yes, that we were united in love.
Music
External links
Lyrics
, Marlene Dietrich
, Hermann Prey
Volkslied
1820s songs
Year of song unknown
Songwriter unknown
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5382293
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BenQ%20Mobile
|
BenQ Mobile
|
BenQ Mobile GmbH & Co. OHG was the mobile communications subsidiary of Taiwanese BenQ Corporation, selling products under the BenQ-Siemens brand. The group, based in Munich, Germany, was formed out of BenQ's acquisition of the then struggling Siemens Mobile group in 2005. The newly formed company won the most iF product design awards in 2006 and also won many design awards in Germany's Red Dot competition. BenQ Mobile failed later that year.
History
Siemens Mobile was loss-making and struggling in the market, and the division was then sold to BenQ Corporation in June 2005 to try to turn the business around. As part of the deal, Siemens would pay BenQ at least 250 million euros to get the new venture to a solid start, in return of a 2.5% stake in BenQ. The acquisition was completed on 1 October 2005 with the formation of BenQ Mobile, led by a German CEO, Clemens Joos, and a Taiwanese chairman, Jerry Wang. Joos had already been president of Siemens Mobile since 2004.
Part of the reason why BenQ was chosen by Siemens was the Taiwanese company's interest to keep German locations open - the headquarters in Munich and the manufacturing plants in Kamp-Lintfort and in Bocholt. Other research and development and manufacturing plants were located in Aalborg, Beijing, Suzhou, Ulm (also in Germany), Manaus, Mexicali, Taipei and Wrocław. Before the acquisition BenQ was already making mobile phones – including two Symbian UIQ smartphone models and one Windows Mobile smartphone model.
On 17 January 2006, the first handsets under the new BenQ-Siemens brand were launched: the EF81,(this model was developed by SIEMENS AG before called SLV140 a slim clamshell phone similar to Motorola RAZR; the S68, a premium light and compact candybar phone targeting business users, this phone is the successor of SP65 (the S65 for some business or government who needs the protection and higher standards privacy for their staffs because the model rid off camera function for protect taking photos of secrets papers or other in-house information of themselves ; and S88, a multimedia device with a 2-megapixel camera.
In February 2006 the EF51 model was launched featuring music buttons on the front with a flip-down design that reveals a keypad. BenQ Mobile introduced the BenQ-Siemens P51 in March, a Windows Mobile 5.0 device and the only smartphone the company would release.
Collapse
The company ended up making huge losses, with parent BenQ losing $1 billion (€840 million) from the acquisition to September 2006 and its share price dropping by 45 percent. BenQ Mobile only had a global 2.4% market share as of Q3 2006, demonstrating its failure to turn the business around in its first year. In September it was announced that its factories in Mexico and Taiwan would halt production.
BenQ Mobile filed for bankruptcy in a Munich court on 29 September 2006, a day after its parent BenQ decided to stop funding the unit. This sparked a debate in Germany over whether BenQ only acquired the Siemens mobile division for its patents and intellectual property, and that it did not intend to continue manufacturing mobile phones in Germany. The bankruptcy caused outrage in Germany over the possible thousands of job losses, with chancellor Angela Merkel having said that Siemens is responsible for the BenQ Mobile (i.e. former Siemens Mobile) employees who are at risk. Siemens set up a 35 million euros fund for the employees. Siemens stopped payment still owed to BenQ related to the original acquisition on 5 October and considered taking legal action against BenQ about the future use of the brand and patents, although no claim would be made. Siemens was heavily criticised by some German politicians and labour unions for mismanagement that led to the bankruptcy under subsequent BenQ ownership. A BenQ executive said that stopping funds for the Mobile subsidiary and forcing it into insolvency protection was a "really tough decision" and not as easy as "just walking away" as was reported by some media outlets.
2,000 employees were laid off in late October 2006.
A scandal investigation was launched into Siemens's and BenQ's roles in the bankruptcy of BenQ Mobile amid allegations that financial offences were committed. As of March 2007, 13 executives, including Eric Yu, were detained in Taiwan accused of selling their shares in BenQ before the announcement knowing about the bankruptcy filing. Shares in BenQ fell 7% to its lowest level in ten years. BenQ CEO K.Y. Lee was also detained a month later. At the same time Siemens was facing wide allegations in Germany of internal corruption and bribery not necessarily related to BenQ Mobile.
After no suitable investors or buyers were found for the business, BenQ Mobile's insolvency administrator, Martin Prager, said on 2 January 2007 that the company would have to shut down. On 30 January the BenQ Mobile factory in Kamp-Lintfort closed. Representatives of the labour union IG Metall bid farewell to the last 165 workers with flowers. The demise of BenQ Mobile caused 3,000 employees to lose their jobs. The company's assets were auctioned off in Hamburg and at eBay in March 2007 and in June.
The losses of 2005 and 2006 wiped out all profits BenQ had made since 1999.
Aftermath
Martin Prager launched a 26-million-euro lawsuit against its former parent BenQ in August 2007 on top of 80 million euros already claimed. The lawsuit was partly for BenQ bonus payments promised to BenQ Mobile employees in Germany that were paid by the BenQ Mobile subsidiary. In July 2008, Prager threatened a multi-million euro lawsuit against Siemens after claiming irregularities were found in the acquisition and that BenQ Mobile was already insolvent as early as May 2006 - a claim first reported by German newspaper Die Welt. A settlement between Prager and Siemens was reached in November 2008.
Former BenQ CEO K. Y. Lee, along with several executives including Eric Yu and Sheaffer Lee, were cleared of their insider trading, embezzlement and forgery charges in August 2009 after a two-year trial.
After the company closed, its former parent company, BenQ, launched five new phones (produced in Asia) under the BenQ-Siemens brand during 2007 (the license still ran for another four years). These include the A53 (Taiwan only), E52, C31, C32 and SF71 – briefly continuing the lifespan of the BenQ-Siemens brand. In August 2007, BenQ announced that it would resume production of mobile devices using its own "BenQ" brand, coming with the announcements of the BenQ E72, M7 and T51 models that would initially launch in Taiwan. BenQ started making Android devices from 2013.
List of mobile phones
BenQ-Siemens A38
BenQ-Siemens A58 (cancelled)
BenQ-Siemens AL26/AL26 Hello Kitty!
BenQ-Siemens C26 (not presented)
BenQ-Siemens C31 (Low-Entry version of BenQ-Siemens E81)
BenQ-Siemens C52 (not presented)
BenQ-Siemens C81 (Siemens C75 Successors)
BenQ-Siemens CF61 (MIA Special Edition called EF61)
BenQ-Siemens CL61 (not presented)
BenQ-Siemens CL71 Slides
BenQ-Siemens E52 (Siemens ST55/60 Successors)
BenQ-Siemens E61 Q-Fi
BenQ-Siemens E71 (Siemens ME75 Successors, others called BenQ-Siemens E80)
BenQ-Siemens EL71
BenQ-Siemens EF71
BenQ-Siemens EF51 Q-Fi (BenQ Z2 Successors)
BenQ-Siemens EF61 MIA Special Edition, Blue Whisper Color (regular version is called BenQ-Siemens CF61)
BenQ-Siemens E80 (prototype, public model in BenQ-Siemens E71)
BenQ-Siemens E81 (Asia market's only)
BenQ-Siemens EF81 (Siemens SLV140)
BenQ-Siemens EF82 (not presented, BenQ-Siemens EF81 Successors)
BenQ-Siemens EF91 (BenQ-Siemens EF81/82 Successors)
BenQ-Siemens M81 (Siemens M75 Successors)
BenQ-Siemens P51(BenQ P50 Successors)
BenQ-Siemens S65-DVBH/ SXX65-DVBH (not presented)
BenQ-Siemens S68 (Siemens SP65 Successors, The best-selling of BenQ-Siemens phone)
BenQ-Siemens S81 (pictured) (Siemens S65 Successors)
BenQ-Siemens S88 (New lineup developed by BenQ)
BenQ-Siemens SF71 (not presented in Europe, Siemens SF65 Successors)
BenQ-Siemens SL80 (Siemens SL75/SL7C)
BenQ-Siemens SL91 (cancelled, Siemens SL80 Successors)
BenQ-Siemens SL98 (not presented)
References
External links
BenQ Global - Communications
Defunct mobile phone manufacturers
Siemens
Technology companies established in 2006
Technology companies disestablished in 2009
Technology companies of Taiwan
Electronics companies of Taiwan
Technology companies of Germany
Electronics companies of Germany
Consumer electronics brands
Bankrupt mobile phone companies
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4044975
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20United%20States%20Virgin%20Islands%20highways
|
List of United States Virgin Islands highways
|
Below is a list of highways in the United States Virgin Islands (USVI). US Virgin Islands code places responsibility for highways in the territory to the USVI Department of Public Works.
In the USVI, highways which begin with the numbers 1-2 are located on the island of St. John, 3-4 are located on St. Thomas, and 5-8 are located on St. Croix.
Unlike elsewhere in the U.S., traffic in the USVI drives on the left.
Highways on St. John
Highway 10
Highway 20
Highway 104
Highway 107
Highway 108
Highway 206
Highways on St. Thomas
Highway 30
Highway 32
Highway 33
Highway 35
Highway 37
Highway 38
Highway 39
Highway 40
Highway 42
Highway 301
Highway 302
Highway 303
Highway 304
Highway 305
Highway 306
Highway 308
Highway 313
Highway 314
Highway 315
Highway 318
Highway 322
Highway 332
Highway 333
Highway 334
Highway 379
Highway 382
Highway 384
Highway 386
Highway 388
Highway 394
Highway 404
Highways on St. Croix
Highway 58
Highway 60
Highway 62
Highway 63
Highway 64
Highway 65
Highway 66
Highway 68
Highway 69
Highway 70
Highway 72
Highway 73
Highway 74
Highway 75
Highway 76
Highway 78
Highway 79
Highway 80
Highway 81
Highway 82
Highway 83
Highway 85
Highway 622
Highway 624
Highway 661
Highway 663
Highway 669
Highway 681
Highway 682
Highway 701
Highway 702
Highway 704
Highway 705
Highway 707
Highway 708
Highway 751
Highway 752
Highway 753
Highway 763
Highway 765
Highway 7010
Highway 7013
Highway 7532
See also
References
United States Virgin Islands
|
5382297
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdeslam%20Ahizoune
|
Abdeslam Ahizoune
|
Abdeslam Ahizoune (born 20 April 1955 in Tiflet, Morocco) is the chairman of the Management Board of Maroc Telecom and the former chief executive officer, the main Moroccan telecommunications company.
Education
Ahizoune was born on 20 April 1955 in Tiflet, located about 60 km from Rabat, to a landowning Berber family. His father Aïssa Ahizoune was a notable of the Khessasna tribe. He started his studies at Collège Ibn Ajroum. In 1972 he received a baccalaureate in mathematics, and in 1977 earned an engineering diploma from Télécom Paris.
Career
Upon graduation, Ahizoune joined the National Posts and Telecommunication Board (ONPT) where he held multiple positions. From 1983 to 1992, he was director of telecommunications in the Ministry of Post and Telecommunications. In 1992 he was appointed the Minister of Post and Telecommunications and held the office until 1995, also he served as director general of the ONPT until 1997. On October 13, 1997, Ahzoune returned to the ministry as the Minister of Telecommunication and remained in office for nearly eight months.
In 1999, the ONPT was divided into two separate entities: Post Maroc and Maroc Telecom, the latter became a public limited company and the government had full ownership. From 1999 until 2001, he was a general manager at Maroc Telecom. In 2001, Ahizoune was appointed CEO, the year Vivendi acquired Maroc Telecom, then in addition to his new position, he was named the chairman of the Management Board of Vivendi, as well as being the chairman of Mobisud (a subsidiary of Vivendi). He was a member of the Management Board of Vivendi from April 2005 to June 2012. Under his mandate, Maroc Telecom witnessed continuous development, took majority stake in different companies, including Mauritania-based Mauritel, Gabon-based Gabon Telecom, and Mali-based Sotelma. The revenue of the company jumped from 3.8 billion dirhams in 2001 to 29.9 billion dirhams in 2012.
Ahizoune was the CEO and Chairman of Medi1 TV.
Since December 2006, Ahizoune has been the president of the Royal Moroccan Athletics Federation (FRMA), Morocco's athletics governing body. Ahizoune is a member of Royal Institute of Amazigh Culture.
Since 2008, Ahizoune has been Moroccan Association of Telecom Professionals (MATI).
In 2017, he was awarded the Prix de reconnaissance de la culture amazighe by the Royal Institute of Amazigh Culture.
References
External links
Abdeslam AHIZOUNE, Chairman of the Management Board
Vivendi company: Members of the Management Board
1955 births
Athletics in Morocco
Government ministers of Morocco
Living people
Moroccan Berber politicians
Moroccan businesspeople
Moroccan chief executives
Moroccan engineers
People from Tiflet
20th-century Moroccan people
21st-century Moroccan people
|
5382316
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El%20Rancho
|
El Rancho
|
El Rancho may refer to:
El Rancho Charter School, a public charter school located in Anaheim, California
El Rancho High School, a public school in Pico Rivera, California
El Rancho Hotel & Motel, a Gallup, New Mexico Hotel listed as a National Historic Site
El Rancho Hotel (Las Vegas), a Las Vegas hotel previously known as the Thunderbird (resort)
El Rancho Unified School District, the school system in Pico Rivera, California
El Rancho Vegas, the name of the first hotel on the Las Vegas Strip
Places named El Rancho:
El Rancho, California
El Rancho, New Mexico
El Rancho, Wyoming
See also
Rancho (disambiguation)
|
4044982
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cole%20Harbour-Eastern%20Passage
|
Cole Harbour-Eastern Passage
|
Cole Harbour—Eastern Passage was a provincial electoral district in Nova Scotia, Canada, that elected one member of the Nova Scotia House of Assembly.
The district was created in 1992 from Cole Harbour.
In 2003, the district lost an area south of the Circumferential Highway and the eastern side of Morris Lake to Dartmouth South, and lost an area south of Portland Street to Cole Harbour.
In 2013, the district gained the area south of Russell Lake and east of Highway 111 from Dartmouth South-Portland Valley.
The district was abolished at the 2021 Nova Scotia general election mostly into Eastern Passage and parts of Cole Harbour-Dartmouth and Cole Harbour.
Members of the Legislative Assembly
This riding has elected the following Members of the Legislative Assembly:
Election results
|-
|Liberal
|Joyce Treen
|align="right"|3,057
|align="right"|40.62
|align="right"|+25.02
|-
|New Democratic Party
|Becky Kent
|align="right"|2,914
|align="right"|38.72
|align="right"|-26.45
|-
|Progressive Conservative
|Lloyd Jackson
|align="right"|1,555
|align="right"|20.66
|align="right"|+4.76
|}
|-
|New Democratic Party
|Becky Kent
|align="right"|4,402
|align="right"|65.17
|align="right"|+20.78
|-
|Progressive Conservative
|Lloyd Jackson
|align="right"|1,074
|align="right"|15.90
|align="right"|-17.73
|-
|Liberal
|Orest Ulan
|align="right"|1,054
|align="right"|15.60
|align="right"|-1.70
|-
|}
|-
|New Democratic Party
|Becky Kent
|align="right"|2,459
|align="right"|44.39
|align="right"|-20.01
|-
|Progressive Conservative
|Michael Eddy
|align="right"|1,863
|align="right"|33.63
|align="right"|+14.71
|-
|-
|}
|-
|New Democratic Party
|Kevin Deveaux
|align="right"|3,997
|align="right"|58.44
|align="right"|+19.17
|-
|Progressive Conservative
|Harry McInroy
|align="right"|1,641
|align="right"|23.99
|align="right"|-13.36
|-
|Liberal
|Brian Churchill
|align="right"|1,121
|align="right"|16.39
|align="right"|-6.99
|}
|-
|New Democratic Party
|Kevin Deveaux
|align="right"|3,721
|align="right"|39.27
|align="right"|-
|-
|Progressive Conservative
|Nadune Cooper Mont
|align="right"|3,539
|align="right"|37.35
|align="right"|-
|-
|Liberal
|Colin MacEachern
|align="right"|2,216
|align="right"|23.38
|align="right"|-
|}
|-
|New Democratic Party
|Kevin Deveaux
|align="right"|4,411
|align="right"|45.73
|align="right"|-
|-
|Progressive Conservative
|Randy Anstey
|align="right"|3,303
|align="right"|34.24
|align="right"|-
|-
|Liberal
|Linda DeGrace
|align="right"|1,931
|align="right"|20.02
|align="right"|-
|}
|-
|Liberal
|Dennis Richards
|align="right"|4,702
|align="right"|48.13
|align="right"|-
|-
|Progressive Conservative
|John Gold
|align="right"|3,409
|align="right"|34.89
|align="right"|-
|-
|New Democratic Party
|Ash Shaihk
|align="right"|1,501
|align="right"|15.36
|align="right"|-
|-
|Natural Law Party
|Helen Creighton
|align="right"|158
|align="right"|1.62
|align="right"|-
|}
References
External links
2003 riding profile
2006 riding profile
June 13, 2006 Nova Scotia Provincial General Election Poll By Poll Results
Former provincial electoral districts of Nova Scotia
Politics of Halifax, Nova Scotia
|
5382317
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nina%20Bocharova
|
Nina Bocharova
|
Nina Antonovna Bocharova (, September 24, 1924 – August 31, 2020) was a Soviet/Ukrainian gymnast, who won four medals at the 1952 Summer Olympics. She was born in Suprunivka, Poltava Oblast, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union.
Career
Bocharova competed for Budivelnyk, Kyiv (Stroitel, Kiev), debuting at the Nationals in 1948, where she placed fourth on the uneven bars and balance beam. These two were her best events throughout the career. She won the all-around titles at the USSR Championships in 1949 and 1951, with Maria Gorokhovskaya being her main rival. In 1952 Bocharova competed in the 1952 Summer Olympics, the first official Olympics for Soviet athletes particiation. Placing 2nd to Gorokhovskaya in the all-around, she won the gold on the beam and contributed to the team's gold. She also earned another silver medal in the team exercise with hand apparatus event. At age 30 she competed in the 1954 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships, winning the gold medal in the team competition, and finished her career afterwards.
In the early 2000s Nina Bocharova still actively participated in sports activities and meetings and was honoured to be the relay originating torchbearer of the 2004 Olympic Torch Relay on Ukrainian territory.
Death
Bocharova died in Rome, Italy, on August 31, 2020, 24 days before her 96th birthday.
Competitive History
References
External links
Nina Bocharova at Gymn Forum
1924 births
2020 deaths
People from Poltava Governorate
Soviet female artistic gymnasts
Ukrainian female artistic gymnasts
Olympic gold medalists for the Soviet Union
Olympic silver medalists for the Soviet Union
Olympic gymnasts of the Soviet Union
Gymnasts at the 1952 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the World Artistic Gymnastics Championships
Olympic medalists in gymnastics
Avanhard (sports society) sportspeople
Medalists at the 1952 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Poltava Oblast
|
4045016
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret%20Mayall
|
Margaret Mayall
|
Margaret Walton Mayall (January 27, 1902 – December 6, 1995) was an American astronomer. She was the director of the American Association of Variable Star Observers (AAVSO) from 1949 to 1973.
Mayall (born Margaret Lyle Walton) was born in Iron Hill, Maryland, on 27 January 1902. She attended the University of Delaware and Swarthmore College. She earned an MA in Astronomy from Radcliffe College, Harvard University, in 1928. She worked as a research assistant and astronomer at Harvard College Observatory from 1924 to 1954, and was at the Heat Research Laboratory, Special Weapons Group, Massachusetts Institute of Technology from 1943 to 1946.
While working in Nantucket, she met Robert Newton Mayall, a member of the American Association of Variable Star Observers (AAVSO). They married in 1927.
In 1958 she won the Annie J. Cannon Award in Astronomy.
She died of congestive heart failure in Cambridge, Massachusetts, on 6 December 1995.
References
Further reading
External links
Letters at the AAVSO
Oral history from the American Institute of Physics
The Harold C. Ernst Collection of Portable Sundials
1902 births
1995 deaths
American women astronomers
Recipients of the Annie J. Cannon Award in Astronomy
20th-century American women scientists
People from Cecil County, Maryland
20th-century American scientists
Radcliffe College alumni
Swarthmore College alumni
Harvard College Observatory people
|
4045025
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colchester-Musquodoboit%20Valley
|
Colchester-Musquodoboit Valley
|
Colchester—Musquodoboit Valley is a provincial electoral district in Nova Scotia, Canada, that elects one member of the Nova Scotia House of Assembly.
The district was created in 1978 from Colchester, and was called Colchester South until 1993. In 1993, the name was changed to Colchester-Musquodoboit Valley and it gained the Salmon River and Musquodoboit Valley areas from Bedford-Musquodoboit Valley, and Millbrook 27 from Truro-Bible Hill. It includes the southern half of Colchester County (not including the Truro area) plus the Musquodoboit Valley region of the Halifax Regional Municipality.
Geography
The landmass of Colchester-Musquodoboit Valley is .
Members of the Legislative Assembly
This riding has elected the following Members of the Legislative Assembly:
Election results
1978 general election
1981 general election
1984 general election
1988 general election
1993 general election
1998 general election
1999 general election
2003 general election
2006 general election
2009 general election
2013 general election
|-
|Progressive Conservative
|Larry Harrison
|align="right"|3,304
|align="right"|42.27
|align="right"|+13.28
|-
|New Democratic Party
|Gary Burrill
|align="right"|2,293
|align="right"|29.33
|align="right"|-18.76
|-
|Liberal
| Tom Martin
|align="right"|2,220
|align="right"|28.40
|align="right"|+7.79
|}
2017 general election
2021 general election
References
Election Summary From 1867 - 2007
1993 Poll by Poll Results
1988 Poll by Poll Results
1984 Poll by Poll Results
1981 Poll by Poll Results
1978 Poll by Poll Results
External links
riding profile
June 13, 2006 Nova Scotia Provincial General Election Poll by Poll Results
Nova Scotia provincial electoral districts
|
4045032
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morning%20sun
|
Morning sun
|
Morning sun may refer to:
Sun, the Solar System's star
Sunrise
Places in the United States
Morning Sun, Iowa
Morning Sun Township, Louisa County, Iowa
Morning Sun, Ohio
Music
Morning Sun (album), by Barbara Mandrell, 1990
Morning Sun (EP), by the Beautiful Girls, 2002
"Morning Sun" (Robbie Williams song), 2010
"Morning Sun" (Robin Thicke song), 2015
"Morning Sun", a song by the Spencer Davis Group from With Their New Face On, 1968
Newspapers
The Morning Sun, Pittsburg, Kansas, US
Morning Sun, published by Judson King in Denison, Texas, US
Other uses
Morning Sun (film), a 2003 American documentary about China's Cultural Revolution
Morning Sun, a 1952 painting by Edward Hopper
Morning Sun, a 1963 off-Broadway musical with a book by Fred Ebb
|
4045043
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristina%20Curry%20Rogers
|
Kristina Curry Rogers
|
Kristina "Kristi" Curry Rogers (born June 20, 1974) is an American vertebrate paleontologist and a professor in Biology and Geology at Macalester College. Her research focuses on questions of dinosaur paleobiology, bone histology, growth, and evolution, especially in a subgroup of sauropods called Titanosauria. She has named two dinosaur species from Madagascar, Rapetosaurus, the most complete Cretaceous sauropod and titanosaur found to date, and Vahiny, so far known only from a partial skull. She and Jeffrey A. Wilson co-authored The Sauropods, Evolution and Paleobiology, published in December 2005. Her research includes field work in Argentina, Madagascar, Montana, South Africa, and Zimbabwe.
Early life and education
Rogers was born in Sikeston, Missouri, where her passion for paleontology was fostered at an early age. By the time she began research during her undergraduate education under the guidance of Jack Horner, her future career in research was fossilized. Her experience ignited a long-term fascination with the long-necked, giant dinosaurs known as sauropods. She graduated with a degree in Biology from Montana State University in 1996.
Rogers completed both her MSc and PhD in Anatomical Sciences from State University of New York at Stony Brook. by 2001. Her graduate advisors, Catherine Forster and David W. Krause, were founding members of the Mahajanga Basin Project, a long-term, National Science Foundation and National Geographic Society-supported research program focused on the Upper Cretaceous Maevarano Formation.
Her graduate research focused on the evolutionary history of Titanosauria. Since then, she has continued to publish work elucidating titanosaur anatomy and paleobiology.
Career
In 2001, Rogers was hired as the Curator of Paleontology at the Science Museum of Minnesota, where she worked until 2008. At that time, she moved to Macalester College, where she was jointly appointed in the Biology and Geology Departments. In 2019, she was appointed as Chair of Biology at Macalester College.
She is also an active member of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, the Geological Society of America, and the Society for Integrative Comparative Biology.
Awards and honours
Rogers has been the recipient of a number of National Science Foundation grants, including the prestigious NSF CAREER award. Rogers was awarded the Macalester College Jack and Marty Rossman Excellence in Teaching Award in 2015.
Rogers has also served as an on screen expert for numerous documentaries with the BBC, PBS, the National Geographic Channel, and the Discovery Channel, and is featured in the large format film Titanosaur 3D: The Story of Maximo. She was also a guest speaker on the MPR News in 2012 where she discussed dinosaur bones and has starred in a video describing the way in which dinosaurs grow.
Family
She is married to Macalester College geologist, Ray Rogers, and has two daughters.
Partial bibliography
Castanet, J., K. Curry Rogers, J. Cubo, and J. J. Boisard. 2000. Quantification of periosteal osteogenesis in ostrich and emu: Implications for studies of extinct dinosaurian bone histology. Comptes Rendus l'Académie des Sciences.
Curry Rogers, K. 2001. "Growth Rates among the dinosaurs" in The Scientific American Book of Dinosaurs (Paul, G., ed.). pp. 297–309.
Rogers, R.R., D.W. Krause, and K. Curry Rogers. (2003). Cannibalism in the Madagascan dinosaur Majungatholus atopus. Nature. 422:515-518.
Curry Rogers, K and Forster, C. A. (2004) The skull of Rapetosaurus krausei (Sauropoda: Titanosauria) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 24(1): 121–143.
Rogers, R.R., K. Curry Rogers, D. Munyikwa, R. Terry, and B. Singer. (2004). New insights into Karoo-equivalent rocks in the Limpopo Valley of Zimbabwe, with observations on the preservation of early dinosaurs. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 40:147-161.
Curry Rogers, K. A., (2005), "Titanosauria: A Phylogenetic Overview" in Curry Rogers and Wilson (eds), The Sauropods: Evolution and Paleobiology pp. 50–103
Krause, D. W., P. M. O’Connor, K. Curry Rogers, S. Sampson, G. Buckley, and R. R. Rogers. (2006). Late Cretaceous Terrestrial Vertebrates from Madagascar: Implications for Latin American Biogeography. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 93:178-208.
Salgado, L., R. A. Coria, C. M. Magalhaes Ribeiro, A. Garrido, R. Rogers, M. E. Simón, A. B. Arcucci, K. Curry Rogers, A.P. Carabajal, S. Apesteguía, M. Fernández, R. A. García, and M. Talevi. (2007). Upper Cretaceous dinosaur nesting sites of Río Negro (Salitral Ojo de Agua and Salinas de Trapalcó-Salitral de Santa Rosa), northern Patagonia, Argentina. Cretaceous Research 28:392-404.
Rogers, R. R., D. W. Krause, K. Curry Rogers, A. H. Rasoamiaramanana, and L. Rahantarisoa. (2007). Paleoenvironment and Paleoecology of Majungasaurus crenatissimus (Theropoda: Abelisauridae) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology Memoir 8 27(suppl. to 2):21-31.
Erickson, G. M., K. Curry Rogers, D. J. Varricchio, M. A. Norell, and Xing Xu. (2007). Growth patterns in brooding dinosaurs reveal the timing of sexual maturity in non-avian dinosaurs and genesis of the avian condition. Biological Letters 3:558-561.
Wilson, J. A., M. D. D’emic, K. Curry Rogers, D. M. Mohabey, and S. Sen. (2009). Reassessment of the sauropod dinosaur Jainosaurus (= “Antarctosaurus”) septentrionalis from the Upper Cretaceous of India. Contributions from the University of Michigan Museum of Paleontology 32:17-40.
Curry Rogers, K. (2009). The postcranial anatomy of Rapetosaurus krausei (Sauropoda: Titanosauria). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29:1046-1086.
Stein, K., Z. Csiki, K. Curry Rogers, D. B. Weishampel, R. Redelstorff, J. L. Carballido, and P. M. Sander. (2010). Small body size and extreme cortical bone remodeling indicate phyletic dwarfism in Magyarosaurus dacus (Sauropoda: Titanosauria). Proceedings of the National Academy of Science 107: 9258-9263.
Wilson, J. A. and K. Curry Rogers. (2012). The Sauropods, in M. Brett-Surman, T. Holtz, Jr., and J. O. Farlow (eds.), The Complete Dinosaur, Second Edition. Indiana University Press, Bloomington: 444-481.
Curry Rogers, K. and M. D’Emic. (2012). Triumph of the Titans. Scientific American 306(5): 48-55.
Curry Rogers, K. and J. A. Wilson. (2014). Vahiny depereti gen. et sp. nov., a new titanosaur from the Upper Cretaceous Maevarano Formation, Madagascar. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 34: 606-617.
Curry Rogers, K., M. Whitney, M. D’Emic, and B. Bagley. (2016). Precocity in a tiny titanosaur from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. Science 352:450-454.
Rogers, R. R., M. Carrano, K. Curry Rogers, M. Perez, and A. Regan. (2017). Isotaphonomy in concept and practice: an exploration of vertebrate microfossil bonebeds in the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) Judith River Formation, north-central Montana. Paleobiology 43:248-273.
Books
Reviews:
References
External links
Kristi Curry Rogers – Macalester College Geology Department
She studies dinos in Madagascar Questions and answers about Curry Rogers' research from Science Museum of Minnesota visitors.
Skeleton of New Dinosaur "Titan" Found in Madagascar – D.L. Parsell – National Geographic News, August 1, 2001
www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/r-is-for-rapetosaurus
Living people
1974 births
American paleontologists
Women paleontologists
Stony Brook University alumni
Macalester College faculty
|
4045063
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumberland%20North
|
Cumberland North
|
Cumberland North is a provincial electoral district in Nova Scotia, Canada, that elects one member of the Nova Scotia House of Assembly. Prior to 1993, it was part of Cumberland East.
The communities of Amherst and Pugwash are within its boundaries.
Geography
Cumberland North covers .
Members of the Legislative Assembly
This electoral district has elected the following Members of the Legislative Assembly:
Election results
1993 general election
1997 by-election
|-
|Progressive Conservative
|Ernie Fage
|align="right"|4954
|align="right"|
|align="right"|
|-
|Liberal
|Russell Scott
|align="right"|2123
|align="right"|
|align="right"|
|-
|New Democratic Party
|Dorothy Jorgensen
|align="right"|1014
|align="right"|
|align="right"|
|}
1998 general election
1999 general election
2003 general election
2006 general election
2009 general election
2013 general election
|-
|Liberal
|Terry Farrell
|align="right"| 2,944
|align="right"| 39.81
|align="right"|
|-
|Progressive Conservative
|Judith Marie Giroux
|align="right"| 2,230
|align="right"| 30.15
|align="right"|
|-
|New Democratic Party
|Brian Skabar
|align="right"| 1,943
|align="right"| 26.27
|align="right"|
|-
|}
2017 general election
2021 general election
Notes
For both the 2009 and 2021 general elections in this riding, the results of both the Independent and Progressive Conservative candidates are compared to the PC total in the respective previous elections. In both races, the incumbent sought re-election as an Independent after being elected as a PC MLA in the previous election.
External links
riding profile
June 13, 2006 Nova Scotia Provincial General Election Poll By Poll Results
References
Election Summary From 1867 - 2007
1993 Poll by Poll Results
1988 Poll by Poll Results
1984 Poll by Poll Results
1981 Poll by Poll Results
1978 Poll by Poll Results
1974 Poll by Poll Results
1970 Poll by Poll Results
1967 Poll by Poll Results
Amherst, Nova Scotia
Nova Scotia provincial electoral districts
|
5382318
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pritam
|
Pritam
|
Pritam Chakraborty (born 14 June 1971), also known mononymously as Pritam, is an Indian composer, instrumentalist, guitarist and singer.
Early life
Pritam was born in a Bengali Brahmin family to Anuradha Chakraborty and Prabodh Chakraborty. He gained his early training in music from his father and learned to play the guitar while he was still in school.
He went to St. James' School and has a bachelor's degree in Geology from Presidency College. Pritam joined FTII, Pune where he took up Sound Recording and Engineering in 1994.
Pritam formed a band with his presidency batchmates, called "Jotugriher Pakhi" for which, he used to play the guitar. They even have a cassette released to their credit at that time. Pritam joined a Bangla band, Chandrabindoo. Later Pritam started band Metro with James, Suhail, Soham and Eric during his film called Life in a... Metro.
Career
Pre-Bollywood
After completing his sound engineering course from FTII Pune, Chakraborty came to Mumbai in 1997. He started composing ad jingles where he met other budding artists such as Shantanu Moitra, Rajkumar Hirani, Sanjay Gadhvi and Jeet Gannguli. Pritam composed renowned jingles for brands like Santro, Emami, McDonald's, Head & Shoulders, Thums Up, Limca, Complan and composed title tracks for TV serials such as Astitva, Kkavyanjali, Ye Meri Life Hai, Remix, Kashmeer, Miilee, and Dil Kare.
Early Bollywood career (with Jeet Gannguli)
Pritam got his first break for Tere Liye (released December 2001). Though the music was well-received, the film missed the mark. In 2002, The Jeet-Pritam duo once again composed music for Yash Raj Films' Mere Yaar Ki Shaadi Hai. All the songs from that movie were chartbusters.
Soon after, over some misunderstanding, Jeet decided to split and the partners went their separate ways.
Solo career
Pritam's compositions were noted for their ability to blend Indian classical music with western styles. His compositions for Gadhvi's second movie Dhoom were a runaway hit. The title-track of Dhoom in two versions – Hindi (by Sunidhi Chauhan) and English (by Tata Young) – broke geographic barriers becoming popular in pubs in the UK, USA and the East Asia and won him a Zee Cine Award for Best Track of the Year. He received two nominations for Dhoom.
He followed this up with compositions for films like Ajab Prem Ki Ghazab Kahani, Race, Kismat Konnection, Jannat, Gangster and Dhoom 2. His compositions for Anurag Basu's Life in a... Metro garnered him very positive reviews. He formed a band called Metro with Suhail Kaul, Sohu pet name Chakraborty, Eric Pillai and Bangladeshi singer James for the movie.
He won his second Zee Cine Award for Best Track of the Year for the song "Mauja Hi Mauja" from Jab We Met by Imtiaz Ali. Jab We Met won him his first Apsara Award for Best Music Director. He composed for two more Imtiaz Ali films, Love Aaj Kal and Cocktail which were critically and commercially successful.
His Sufi songs for the 2010 movie Once Upon A Time in Mumbaai were immensely popular with the masses and songs like "Pee loon" and "Tum Jo Aaye" were declared chartbusters. He teamed up again with Mahesh Bhatt and Vishesh Films for music of Crook of which the song "Mere Bina" got instant recognition with public. His foot-tapping numbers for Rohit Shetty's Golmaal 3 were also equally successful. In 2011, he got to work for Salman Khan's Ready and Bodyguard. He recreated the famous 1971 song, "Dum Maro Dum" for Ramesh Sippy's 2011 movie of the same name. He then composed for the romance Mausam which had a strong influence of Punjabi. The songs were phenomenal hits in Northern India with "Rabba Main To Mar Gaya Oye" being a rage among people.
In 2012, he composed several successful songs for films like Players, Agent Vinod, Jannat 2 and Vidhu Vinod Chopra’s Ferrari Ki Sawaari, where he worked with Rajkumar Hirani. Later that year, he scored music for Barfi! which won him two Filmfare Awards. Barfi is considered to be one of the most critically acclaimed soundtrack album of his career. By 2013, his list included Race 2, Murder 3, Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani, Dhoom 3 and Once Upon ay Time in Mumbai Dobaara which was his 100th movie as a Music Director in Bollywood. He started 2014 with compositions for Yaariyan, Shaadi Ke Side Effects & Holiday: A Soldier Is Never Off Duty. He then took a break in 2014.
He marked his return with three successful albums in 2015: Kabir Khan's Bajrangi Bhaijaan & Phantom and Rohit Shetty's Dilwale for which he was nominated for Filmfare awards. The Song, "Gerua" from Dilwale directly opened at the No. 1 position on the Radio Mirchi charts and became the first Bollywood song to cross 100 million views on YouTube in the shortest duration ever. It also ranked in the top slot in places like Malaysia, Oman, Sri Lanka and Bahrain. In 2016, he appeared as a guest composer and composed the song "Itni Si Baat Hai" for Azhar; the albumes other composers were Amaal Mallik and Dj Chetas. He also composed the whole soundtracks of Dishoom, Ae Dil Hai Mushkil and Dangal. In 2017, he composed the soundtracks of Jagga Jasoos, Raabta along with Sohrabuddin, Sourav Roy and JAM8, Tubelight and Jab Harry Met Sejal along with Diplo. In 2019, he composed songs for Kalank and will produce the music for Brahmastra. 83- The Film is lined up for 2020.
Musical style
Pritam has composed and covered some popular songs in a variety of genres including Rock (Life in a... Metro), Sufi (Once Upon A Time in Mumbaai) and even Ghazals (Barfi). His musical style is mainly characterized as a delicate fusion of Indian classical music with contemporary undertones.
Allegations of plagiarism
Pritam has been alleged to have plagiarized numerous songs from the beginning of his film music career. Hits such as "Pehli Nazar Mein" was plagiarized from the Korean song "Sarang Hae Yo" by Kim Hyung Su (2005). His critically acclaimed soundtrack Ae Dil Hai Mushkil also faced allegations of plagiarism as the guitar riff of the song "Bulleya" was lifted from the Papa Roach song "Last Resort".
Indian music plagiarism tracking site www.itwofs.com alleges 52 instances between 2004 and 2010 where Pritam's songs are said to be "lifted", "copied", "plagiarized", or "similar" to those of tunes by other composers, who range from Arab and East Asian artists (such as Ihab Tawfik, Yuri Mrakadi and Kim Hyung-sub) to Western musicians like Boney M. and Damien Rice.
"I made mistakes initially.. ", Pritam said in an interview with Hindustan Times on his plagiarism charges.
On screen appearance
Music videos and films
Gangster (Music video for the song "Bheegi Bheegi")
Life in A... Metro (Guest appearance)
Jab Harry Met Sejal (Promotional Music video for the song "Safar")
"Biba" Marshmello x Pritam, Shirley Setia (Music Video)
Television
Pritam mentored and judged Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Challenge 2009 and was a judge for Chhote Ustaad on Zee TV. He was also a guest judge for the X factor and Zee Bangla's Sa Re Ga Ma Pa 2012–13. He also composed the title track for Hrithik Roshan’s TV series Just Dance for Star TV which was sung by KK. Pritam sang some of his top hits on the popular show MTV Unplugged (Season 5) on 13 February 2016. Pritam is the mentor and judge of Sa Re Ga Ma Pa 2016 alongside Mika Singh and Sajid–Wajid. He was also a part of Star plus’ show Dil Hai Hindustani as a judge alongside Sunidhi Chauhan and Badshah in 2018.
Awards and nominations
Awards
Asia Pacific Screen Awards
2012 – Barfi! – Won Asia Pacific Screen Awards for Best Music
Asian Film Awards
2012 – Barfi! – Won Asian Film Awards for Best Music
International Indian Film Academy Awards
2010 – Won IIFA Award for Best Music Director – Love Aaj Kal (2009)
2013 – Won IIFA Award for Best Music Director – Barfi! (2012)
2017 – Won IIFA Award for Best Music Director – Ae Dil Hai Mushkil (2016)
Filmfare Awards
Won
2013 – Won Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Barfi! (2012)
2013 – Won Filmfare Award for Best Background Score – Barfi! (2012)
2017 – Won Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Ae Dil Hai Mushkil (2016)
2018 – Won Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Jagga Jasoos (2017)
2018 – Won Filmfare Award for Best Background Score – Jagga Jasoos (2017)
2021 – Won Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Ludo (2020)
2005 – Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Dhoom (2004)
2007 – Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Dhoom:2 (2006)
2008 – Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Life in a Metro (2007)
2008 – Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Jab We Met (2007)
2009 – Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Race (2008)
2010 – Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Love Aaj Kal (2009)
2010 – Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Ajab Prem Ki Ghazab Kahani (2009)
2011 – Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Once Upon a Time in Mumbaai (2010)
2013 – Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Cocktail (2012)
2014 – Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani (2013)
2016 – Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Dilwale (2015)
2018 – Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Jab Harry Met Sejal (2017)
2020 – Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Kalank (2019)
2021 – Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Love Aaj Kal (2020)
2021 – Filmfare Award for Best Background Score – Ludo (2020)
Mirchi Music Awards
Won
2015 – Music Composer of the Year – "Gerua" from Dilwale
2016 – Album of the Year – Ae Dil Hai Mushkil
2016 – Music Composer of the Year – "Ae Dil Hai Mushkil" from Ae Dil Hai Mushkil
2017 – Album of the Year – Jab Harry Met Sejal
2017 – Music Composer of the Year – "Hawayein" from Jab Harry Met Sejal
Winner
2010 – Album of the Year – Once Upon A Time in Mumbaai
2010 – Music Composer of The Year – "Pee Loon" from Once Upon A Time in Mumbaai
2011 – Album of the Year – Bodyguard
2012 – Album of the Year – Barfi!
2012 – Album of the Year – Cocktail
2012 – Music Composer of the Year – "Ala Barfi" from Barfi!
2012 – Music Composer of the Year – "Phir Le Aya Dil" from Barfi!
2012 – Music Composer of the Year – "Tum Hi Ho Bandhu" from Cocktail
2012 – Background Score of the Year – Barfi!
2016 – Album of the Year – Dangal
2016 – Music Composer of the Year – "Channa Mereya" from Ae Dil Hai Mushkil
2016 – Music Composer of the Year – "Bulleya" from Ae Dil Hai Mushkil
2016 – Best Background Score – Dangal
2016 – Best Background Score – Ae Dil Hai Mushkil
2017 – Album of the Year – Jagga Jasoos
2017 – Album of the Year – Raabta
2017 – Best Background Score – Jagga Jasoos
Other
2003 – Won – Indian Television Academy Awards – ITA Award for Best Title Music/Song Track – Kashmeer
2005 – Won – Indian Television Academy Awards – ITA Award for Best Title Music/Song Track – Remix
2006 – Won – Indian Television Academy Awards – ITA Award for Best Title Music/Song Track – Kkavyanjali
2013 – Won – MTV VMAI Award – Best Bollywood Album – Cocktail
Discography
References
External links
Living people
Indian male playback singers
Bengali musicians
Film and Television Institute of India alumni
Filmfare Awards winners
Indian film score composers
Singers from West Bengal
1971 births
Bollywood playback singers
Zee Cine Awards winners
Indian male film score composers
21st-century Indian male singers
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5382321
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San%20Jos%C3%A9%20Costa%20Rica%20Temple
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San José Costa Rica Temple
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The San José Costa Rica Temple is the 87th operating temple of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church).
The church's First Presidency announced on March 17, 1999 that a temple would be built in San José, Costa Rica. The announcement of the San José Costa Rica Temple made it the first temple in Costa Rica and the second temple in Central America.
History
The LDS Church is relatively new in Costa Rica. A U.S. ambassador who was LDS ran the first church meetings from his home between 1943 and 1946. The first Mormon missionaries arrived in 1946, and temporarily left during Costa Rica's 1948 Civil War. By 1974 church membership had grown enough that Costa Rica became its own mission. In 1977 the first stake was created in Costa Rica. In 1992, Boyd K. Packer, a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, dedicated the land of Costa Rica for missionary work and membership grew even faster. Today there are 23,000 members in Costa Rica. Before the building of the temple in Costa Rica, members had to travel to the Guatemala City Guatemala Temple. The trip was expensive, costing many families twice their monthly income.
On April 24, 1999 a groundbreaking ceremony and site dedication were held. Lynn G. Robbins, a member of the Seventy and first counselor in the presidency of the Central America Area, presided at the ceremony. Construction began soon after the groundbreaking and progress was quick to reach a deadline of finishing the temple in one year. The deadline was met and the temple was dedicated in June, fourteen months after the announcement to build the temple.
The temple was open for tours May 20–27, 2000. The temple plot is . The exterior finish of the temple is made of Blanco Guardiano white marble from the northern Mexican city of Torreón. More than 20,000 people attended the open house and toured the temple. James E. Faust, a member of the First Presidency, dedicated the San José Costa Rica Temple on June 4, 2000. The San José Temple serves over 35,000 church members in twelve stakes and fourteen districts.
The San José Costa Rica Temple has a total of , two ordinance rooms, and two sealing rooms.
In 2020, the San José Costa Rica Temple was closed temporarily during the year in response to the coronavirus pandemic.
See also
Comparison of temples of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
List of temples of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
List of temples of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints by geographic region
Temple architecture (Latter-day Saints)
References
Additional reading
External links
San José Costa Rica Temple Official site
San José Costa Rica Temple at ChurchofJesusChristTemples.org
20th-century Latter Day Saint temples
Religious buildings and structures in Costa Rica
Temples (LDS Church) completed in 2000
Buildings and structures in San José, Costa Rica
Temples (LDS Church) in Latin America
Temples (LDS Church) in North America
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Costa Rica
2000 establishments in Costa Rica
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5382324
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chesapeake%20Bay%20Academy
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Chesapeake Bay Academy
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Chesapeake Bay Academy (founded in 1989) in Virginia Beach, Virginia is an educational institution that educates and guides students with learning disabilities, including attention disorders (ADHD), dyslexia, and dysgraphia.
References
Chesapeake Bay Academy: School Website
Private K-12 schools in Virginia
Educational institutions established in 1989
Schools in Virginia Beach, Virginia
1989 establishments in Virginia
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4045071
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeffrey%20A.%20Wilson
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Jeffrey A. Wilson
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Jeffrey A. Wilson, also known as JAW, is a paleontologist and professor of geological sciences and assistant curator at the Museum of Paleontology at the University of Michigan.
His doctoral dissertation was on sauropod evolution and phylogeny, and he has continued this work in cladistic analysis and revision of the group (see e.g. Wilson and Sereno 1994, 1998, Wilson 2005b, and especially Wilson 2002). With Paul Sereno, he defined the clades Macronaria and Somphospondyli (Wilson & Sereno 1998).
Wilson was also involved in the discovery and description of Pabwehshi pakistanensis, the first discovery of decent (diagnostic) Cretaceous crocodylian fossil remains from the Indian subcontinent, in the discovery of Rajasaurus narmadensis, the most completely known theropod dinosaur from India and a member of the family Abelisauridae, description of a number of North African dinosaurs (theropods and sauropods) from Niger, and rediscriptions of the Cretaceous sauropods Titanosaurus colberti (as Isisaurus) and Nemegtosaurus (previously thought to be a diplodocoid, but now recognised as a titanosaur).
His younger brother, Dr. Gregory P. Wilson, studies Mesozoic mammals and is currently an assistant professor in the Department of Biology at the University of Washington, and adjunct curator of vertebrate paleontology at the Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture.
List of dinosaurs named
Bibliography
Wilson, J. A. and Sereno, P. C. (1994) Higher-level phylogeny of sauropod dinosaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, Supplement 14:52A.
Wilson, J.A. & Sereno, P.C. (1998). Early evolution and Higher-level phylogeny of sauropod dinosaurs. Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, Memoir 5, 1-68. (includes definitions of the clades Macronaria and Somphospondyli)
Sereno, P. C., Beck, A.L., Dutheil, D.B., Gado, B., Larsson, H.C.E., Lyon, G.H., Marcot, J. D., Rauhut, O. W. M., Sadleir, R.W., Sidor, C.A., Varricchio, D.J., Wilson, G. P. & Wilson, J. A. 1998. A long-snouted predatory dinosaur from Africa and the evolution of spinosaurids. Science 282:1298-1302. document in pdf format (description of Suchomimus, and spinosaur relationships)
Wilson, J. A. and M. T. Carrano, (1999). Titanosaurs and the origin of 'wide-gauge' trackways: a biomechanical and systematic perspective on sauropod locomotion. Paleobiology 25:252-267. (Titanosaurs had a different gait to earlier sauropods - the legs are spaced further apart, may have facilitated tripodal feeding)
Wilson, J. A., R. N. Martinez & O. Alcober. (1999). Distal tail segment of a titanosaur (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous of Mendoza, Argentina. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 19:591-594.
Wilson, J A. (1999). A nomenclature for vertebral laminae in sauropods and other saurischian dinosaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 19(4):639-653. (vertebral laminae can play an important role in sauropod classification)
Wilson, J.A. (1999) The evolution and phylogeny of sauropod dinosaurs. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Chicago, 384pp [in 2 vols.]
Sereno, P.C., Beck, A.L., Dutheil, D.B., Larsson, H.C.E., Lyon, G.H., Moussa, B., Sadleir, R.W., Sidor, C.A., Varricchio, D.J., Wilson, G. P. & Wilson, J. A., (1999), Cretaceous Sauropods from the Sahara and the Uneven Rate of Skeletal Evolution Among Dinosaurs, Science 286(5443): 1342-1347 (Nov 12 1999) (describes two new African sauropods: Jobaria tiguidensis, a late persisting primitive sauropod, and Nigersaurus taqueti, a Rebbachisaur))
Wilson, J.A., Malkani, M.S., and Gingerich, P.D. (2001) New crocodyliform (Reptilia, Mesoeucrocodylia) from the Upper Cretaceous Pab Formation of Vitakri, Balochistan (Pakistan). Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan 30(12): 321–336. (on Pabwehshi pakistanensis)
Wilson, J.A. (2002) Sauropod dinosaur phylogeny: critique and cladistic analysis, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 136(2):215-275 (a detailed cladistic analysis of sauropod phylogeny)
Wilson, J.A. and Upchurch, P (2003) A revision of Titanosaurus Lydekker (Dinosauria-Sauropoda), the first dinosaur genus with a "Gondwanan" distribution, Journal of Systematic Palaeontology Volume 1 Issue 3 - September 2003 (a revision of 14 species of the genus Titanosaurus shows that only five of these are valid. The type species T. indicus is considered a nomen dubium, and therefore the abandonment of suprageneric taxa based on it - e.g. Titanosaurinae, Titanosauridae, and Titanosauroidea - is suggested. The species T. colberti is renamed Isisaurus colberti)
Wilson, J.A., Sereno, P.C., Srivastava, S., Bhatt, D.K., Khosla, A. and Sahni, A. (2003) A new abelisaurid (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Lameta Formation (Cretaceous, Maastrichtian) of India. Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan 31(1):1-42 (description of Rajasaurus narmadensis)
Wilson, J.A. (2005). Redescription of the Mongolian sauropod Nemegtosaurus mongoliensis Nowinski (Dinosauria: Saurischia) and comments on Late Cretaceous sauropod diversity. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 3: 283–318. (shows that Nemegtosaurus and Quaesitosaurus are closely related and belong to the titanosaur group, rather than the diplodocoidea; redefines the family Nemegtosauridae. See New Nemegtosaurus paper for more.
Curry Rogers, K. A. and Wilson, J.A. 2005, The Sauropods: Evolution and Paleobiology, University of California Press, Berkeley,
Wilson, J.A. (2005b) "Overview of Sauropod Phylogeny and Evolution", in The Sauropods: Evolution and Paleobiology (broad overview of phylogenetic characteristics and evolution development of the main sauropod clades, also phylocode-style definitions for each clade.
Wilson, J. A. and Sereno, P. C. (2005) "Structure and Evolution of a Sauropod Tooth Battery" in The Sauropods: Evolution and Paleobiology (Nigersaurus skull and dentition, illustrating Rebbachisaur feeding adaptations)
American paleontologists
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American curators
University of Michigan staff
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5382338
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques%20Hassoun
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Jacques Hassoun
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Jacques Hassoun (20 October 1936 – 24 April 1999) was a French psychoanalyst and proponent of the ideas of Jacques Lacan.
Hassoun developed a theory of depression and a reparative theory of transmission. He wrote about certain pathologies in children of immigrants. Hassoun examined the special problems they face in processing and transmitting what is mostly communicated to them through their parents' narratives of displacement, loss and exile. He was one of the first to evoke the heritage of the Jews of Egypt in modern times. He wrote about their history, customs, religious observance, and languages. He showed particular interest in the Karaite community.
Hassoun traveled to Egypt with groups of compatriots when Egyptian president Anwar Sadat made it possible for Jews to visit Egypt. Hassoun wrote several works on the history of the modern Jews of Egypt, among them Histoire des Juifs du Nil (Minerve, 1990), Alexandies et autres récits and Alexandries (a novel). He wrote eloquently of the culture of the Jews of Egypt and of their disappearance in the wake of Egyptian nationalism.
Hassoun was born in Alexandria, Egypt in 1936 and settled in France in 1954 at the age of 18 where he was exiled after being accused and imprisoned by Egyptian authorities for communist activity. He remained in France for the rest of his life. Hassoun spoke French, Arabic, and Hebrew fluently.
Hassoun died from a brain tumor at age 63, in Paris.
Theory of melancholy
For Hassoun, melancholy (or depression) stems from an individual's desire for some undesignated other.
In Hassoun's model, the mother's attentiveness at the moment of weaning is crucial to the infant's sense of self. The mother must be seen by the infant to mourn, disapprove, begrudge, hesitate in the process of weaning. If she does not, the infant will recognize the mother's gesture as indifference. Melancholy is the result of the infant's sensing the mother's indifference at the moment of separation. Henceforth, he will be unable to mourn, having been unable to recognize loss in the mother's eyes. Weaning is a mirroring that leaves the subject both unable to mourn and unable to care—leaves the child in the state of melancholy. Melancholy for Hassoun is the result of a gesture that leaves the infant to suffer interminably for having spied the mother's indifference at the moment of weaning.
About memory and retelling
Hassoun said that the need to tell the past comes up when there's a crisis: when the individual grows up; when there's the urge to preserve a culture, etc. New facts means psychological effort to adapt, this can cause a person to reject that new things/ situation. People go back to the past when there's the need to adapt, because they consider experiences from the past a tool to survive.
Telling the past does not mean telling somebody to follow traditions. Traditions subject the individual to follow patterns which may cause more damage than good. Retelling the past is another thing. It is never pure repetition but interpretation. Transmission takes the present into consideration when turning one's attention to the past. Without transmission all we have is nostalgia.
20th-century French philosophers
French psychologists
Philosophers of sexuality
French people of Egyptian-Jewish descent
French psychoanalysts
Jacques Lacan
1936 births
1999 deaths
Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery
20th-century psychologists
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4045074
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wasabi%20%28Lee%20Harding%20song%29
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Wasabi (Lee Harding song)
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"Wasabi" is a song written by Adrian Hannan, Barbara Hannan, Emma Graham and Tommy Rando, produced by Adrian Hannan for Australian singer Lee Harding's debut album, What's Wrong with This Picture? (2006). Harding was a contestant on season three of Australian Idol (July–November 2005).
Harding's debut single was issued on 12 December 2005 as a double A-side with his cover version of Survivor's "Eye of the Tiger". It peaked at 1 on the Australian ARIA Singles Chart for five consecutive weeks. In 2009, a Herald Sun poll ranked "Wasabi" as the sixth-worst Australian song of all time.
Track listing
CD single
"Wasabi" – 3:03
"Eye of the Tiger" – 2:45
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Certification
See also
Australian Idol
Music of Australia
List of number-one singles of 2005 (Australia)
List of number-one singles of 2006 (Australia)
References
2005 singles
2005 songs
Number-one singles in Australia
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5382340
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish%20Colonisation%20Association
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Jewish Colonisation Association
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The Jewish Colonisation Association (JCA or ICA, Yiddish ייִק"אַ), in America spelled Jewish Colonization Association, is an organisation created on September 11, 1891, by Baron Maurice de Hirsch. Its aim was to facilitate the mass emigration of Jews from Russia and other Eastern European countries, by settling them in agricultural colonies on lands purchased by the committee in North America (Canada and the United States), South America (Argentina and Brazil) and Ottoman Palestine. Today ICA is still active in Israel in supporting specific development projects under the name Jewish Charitable Association (ICA).
History
Palestine and Israel
In 1896 the JCA started offering support to Jewish farming communities newly established in Ottoman Palestine. In 1899 Baron Edmond James de Rothschild transferred title to his settlements ("moshavot") in Palestine along with fifteen million francs to the JCA. Starting on January 1, 1900 the JCA restructured the way in which the colonies received financial and managerial support, with the effect of making them more profitable and independent. Between 1900 and 1903 it created 4 new moshavot, Kfar Tavor, Yavniel, Melahamia (Menahamia), and Bait Vegan. In addition, it established an agricultural training farm at Sejera.
The Palestine operation was restructured by Baron de Rothschild in 1924 as the Palestine Jewish Colonization Association (PICA) and placed under the directorship of his son James Armand de Rothschild. PICA transferred most of its properties to the State of Israel in 1957 and 1958.
ICA resumed activities in Palestine in 1933, at first in association with another fund and from 1955 on by itself as "ICA in Israel".
ICA is at present supporting projects in the fields of education, agriculture and tourism in the north (Galilee) and south (Negev) regions of Israel.
Argentina
Focused on agricultural colonies in Argentina, until East European Jews were forbidden to, even if in 1896, when Hirsch died, the association owned a thousand square kilometers of land in the country, on which lived a thousand households, the “Jewish gauchos”. Theodor Herzl considered it expensive and unrealistic, against Zadoc Kahn who presented the German Jewish philanthropist Baron Maurice de Hirsch with the project of setting up a Jewish colony in Argentina, before was created the I.C.A. in 1891. In 1920, 150,000 Jews lived in Argentina. and new colonies appeared: (Lapin, Rivera), Entre Ríos (San Gregorio, Villa Domínguez, Carmel, Ingeniero Sajaroff, Villa Clara, and Villaguay), and Santa Fe (Moisés Ville) (about 64% jews lived in Entre Ríos.
United States
Colonies were founded within the United States in southern New Jersey, Ellington, Connecticut (Congregation Knesseth Israel), and elsewhere. A Canadian Committee of the JCA was established in November 1906 to assist in the settlement of thousands of Jewish refugees fleeing Russia, and to oversee the development of all JCA settlements in the country.
Turkey
The JCA also established two agricultural colonies in the first two decades of the 20th century in what now is Turkey. In 1891, JCA bought land near Karataş, Izmir, Turkey, and established an agricultural training centre, or Yehudah, on an area totaling 30 km² by 1902. The centre was closed in 1926 owing to numerous difficulties. A group of Romanian Jews in Anatolia were assisted by JCA in the early 20th century to establish an immigration bureau in Istanbul in 1910. The JCA also bought land in the Asian part of Istanbul and founded Mesillah Hadassah agricultural colony for several hundred families. In 1928 the colonies were mostly liquidated, with only the immigration bureau remaining to assist migrants in their migration to Palestine.
Canada
Economic factors, notably the Great Depression, led to the dissolution of all western Canadian colonies by the end of World War II. Thereafter concentrating its work in the east, the Canadian chapter of the JCA purchased farms and made loans to farmers in Ontario and Quebec. The JCA Canadian Committee made no loans after 1970 and ceased all legal existence in 1978. The JCA deposited the majority of its papers at the National Archives of the Canadian Jewish Congress in 1978, and the remainder (the "S" collection) there in 1989.
Directors-General
Sigismond Sonnenfeld (1891–1911)
Louis Oungre (1911–1949)
Victor Girmounsky and Georges Aronstein (1949–1977)
See also
Kolonja Izaaka, Belarus
Moisés Ville, Argentina
Joseph Niego
Organization for Jewish Colonisation in the Soviet Union
Palestine Jewish Colonization Association
References
External links
Jewish refugee aid organizations
Jews and Judaism in Argentina
Jews and Judaism in Brazil
Jews and Judaism in Canada
Jews and Judaism in Turkey
Jews and Judaism in the United States
Romanian-Jewish diaspora
Russian-Jewish diaspora
Settlement schemes
1891 establishments in France
Jewish charities
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4045078
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%92dipe%20%C3%A0%20Colone
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Œdipe à Colone
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is an operatic tragédie lyrique by Antonio Sacchini first performed at Versailles on 4 January 1786 in the presence of King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette. The libretto, by Nicolas-François Guillard, is based on the play Oedipus at Colonus by Sophocles. The premiere, intended to inaugurate the new theatre at Versailles, was not a success, possibly due to the quality of the performances, the staging or the acoustics. Marie Antoinette promised Sacchini a better production at Fontainebleau in the autumn, but the Affair of the Diamond Necklace meant she was unable to have her wish. The news that the production was cancelled is said to have hastened the death of the already seriously ill composer on October 9, 1786. Œdipe was given a posthumous performance by the Paris Opera at the Théâtre de la Porte Saint-Martin on February 1, 1787. This time the audience was warmly appreciative and the opera became one of the most popular pieces in the repertoire for several decades, reaching a total of almost 600 performances by 1844.
Roles
Synopsis
Background
The plot is based on the myth of Oedipus, King of Thebes. Oedipus has been expelled from the city after it was revealed he had killed his father and married his mother. Now blind and aged he wanders through Greece accompanied only by his daughter Antigone. Meanwhile, the throne of Thebes has been divided between Oedipus' two sons, Eteocles and Polynices. But the two have quarrelled and Eteocles has driven out Polynices, who seeks refuge with Theseus, King of Athens.
Act 1
The opera begins with Polynices and Theseus striking a pact: Polynices will marry Theseus' daughter, Eriphyle, and Theseus will help him retake the throne of Thebes, thus forging an alliance between that city and Athens. The Athenians celebrate and Theseus and Polynices go to the temple to offer a sacrifice. Polynices feels guilty he banished his father Oedipus from Thebes. As he sacrifices, the temple fire goes out, a symbol of the anger of the Furies.
Act 2
Polynices wanders outside the temple where he sees an old man being led by a girl. It is Oedipus and Antigone. Oedipus senses the presence of the Furies and is sent temporarily insane. Antigone pleads with the gods to have mercy on her father. A crowd appears and when they learn the identity of Oedipus they want to drive him away, but Theseus stops them and offers the old man his hospitality.
Act 3
Polynices tells Antigone he is so remorseful he would give up everything, including Eriphyle, to be forgiven by his father. Antigone tries to reconcile Oedipus and his son, but Oedipus reacts by accusing her of disloyalty and cursing both Polynices and Eteocles. Only when Polynices begs his father to kill him with his own hands does Oedipus take pity on his son. This act of forgiveness earns the mercy of the gods. The wrath of the Furies is appeased.
Instrumentation
Œdipe à Colone is scored for 2 flutes, 2 oboes, 2 horns, timpani, and strings. Like most classical period works, the presence of continuo instruments like bassoons and harpsichord is assumed as well. Some modern performances have used a thunder sheet to represent the stormy anger of the gods portrayed at the end of Act I.
Recordings
Order of characters: Œdipe, Antigone, Polynice, Thésée, Eriphile, the High Priest, an Athenian woman, a coryphaeus, a herald
MRF (Morgan Recording Federation) 153 (1977) – Renato Bruson, Radmila Bakočević, Herbert Handt, Juan Oncina, Maria Candida, Robert Amis El-Age, Nicoletta Panni, Walter Brighi (tenore), Giuseppe Scaleo – Coro e Orchestra da camera "Alessandro Scarlatti" Napoli Radiotelevisione italiana, conducted by Franco Caracciolo (radio live recording 1971, sung in Italian)
Dynamic 494/1-2 CD – Sviatoslav Smirnov (baritone), Manon Feubel (soprano), Fabrice Mantegna (tenor), Daniel Galvez-Vallejo (tenor), Raphaëlle Farman (soprano), Jacques Gay (bass-baritone), Géraldine Casey (soprano), not indicated, Chœur de Chambre et Orchestre de la Camerata de Bourgogne, conducted by Jean-Paul Penin (first world recording June 2004, published 2005)
Naxos, 2006 CD – François Loup (bass-baritone), Nathalie Paulin (soprano), Robert Getchell (tenor), Tony Boutté (tenor), Kirsten Blaise (soprano), Jonathan Kimple (bass-baritone), Kara Morgan, Philip Cave (tenor), Jason Kaminski (baritone), Opera Lafayette Orchestra and Chorus, conducted by Ryan Brown
Notes
Sources
External links
Charles T. Downey blog review of Opera Lafayette production (15 May 2005), accessed 5 August 2008
Libretto with English translation
Review of Opera Lafayette production (16 May 2005), accessed 5 August 2008
Operas
French-language operas
Tragédies en musique
Operas by Antonio Sacchini
1786 operas
Operas based on classical mythology
Operas based on works by Sophocles
Libretti by Nicolas-François Guillard
|
4045085
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20Fentener%20van%20Vlissingen
|
Paul Fentener van Vlissingen
|
Paul Fentener van Vlissingen (21 March 1941 in Utrecht – 21 August 2006 in Langbroek) was a Dutch businessman and philanthropist. Ranked as the richest man in Scotland in 2005, he contributed to the development of game reserves in Africa and bought Letterewe estate in Scotland, where he pledged the right to roam, years ahead of the rest of the country.
Early life
Paul Fentener van Vlissingen was the youngest son of Frits Fentener van Vlissingen II, one of the leading Dutch industrialist families whose fortune was based on shipping coal on the Rhine in the 19th century. Frits III, his eldest brother, died in March 2006. John, the middle brother, is the last alive. Paul inherited a significant shareholding in the company SHV Holdings from his father, Frits II, whose own father had co-founded the business through a merger with eight other Dutch trading families in 1896. Paul's father, described as one of the "fathers of the Dutch economy", later bought out most of the other families.
SHV Holdings
Paul Fentener van Vlissingen studied economics at the University of Groningen before joining SHV. Originally Europe's largest coal wholesaling business, SHV is the largest privately owned company in the Netherlands. In May 1974, he joined the SHV board, and succeeded his brother, Frits, as chairman in 1980.
Paul led SHV as chief executive officer for three decades from the mid-1960s. Under his leadership, the company diversified into new areas ahead of the collapse of the coal market in the 1960s. The areas he became involved with included retail – through the Makro and Otto Reichelt chains of grocery supermarkets and cash & carries – and energy – through the acquisitions of LPG companies, including Calor Gas in the UK and Primagaz in France. He also diversified into scrap metal, recycling, oil exploration, renewable energy and private equity. In 1995 he stepped down and then served as non-executive chairman.
Fentener van Vlissingen had a maverick leadership style and was more philosophical than most business leaders. For example, he recognised the possibility of the existence of global warming as early as the early 1990s and had a love for cryptic aphorisms. He allowed young managers whom he trusted to establish Makro operations in overseas markets, giving them unusual amounts of autonomy.
Philanthropy and conservation
Fentener Van Vlissingen was recognised as an enlightened conservationist and contributed to the development of game reserves in Scotland, South Africa, Malawi, Zambia and Ethiopia. In 1978 he bought the wild and roadless Letterewe estate in Wester Ross, and in 2006 was described as the largest foreign landowner in Scotland. "I don't call myself the owner," he said of Letterewe. "You can't own a place like this. It belongs to the planet. I'm only the guardian of it."
An obituary in The Independent said that van Vlissingen sometimes saddled a pony with a week's provisions and disappeared into the hills, staying at a bothy without lights or a toilet. The obituary said: "He was in the habit of inviting everyone, whether landowners, journalists, birdwatchers or ramblers, to visit the estate and talk about issues face to face."
He also proposed reintroducing wolves and lynx to this estate. The Letterewe Accord, an agreement that gave ramblers freedom of access to the entire Letterewe estate in exchange for a pledge to respect the land, predated the Scottish Parliament's own right-to-roam legislation by over a decade. Van Vlissingen was also a great supporter of Scottish Gaelic, and donated £250,000 to Sabhal Mòr Ostaig, a Gaelic college on Skye.
From 1994 until his death, his home was the Conholt Park estate in Wiltshire, England, on the border with Hampshire. Here too he applied sustainable land management and nature conservation.
The Sunday Times Rich List 2005 ranked Van Vlissingen as the richest man in Scotland, with an estimated wealth of £1.1 billion.
After a near fatal brush with non-Hodgkin lymphoma in 1980, he founded the Van Vlissingen Cancer Fund, which is now one of the major cancer fundraisers in the Netherlands.
Entrepreneurs are Jackasses
In 2001 he wrote a book entitled Ondernemers zijn ezels (), which can be translated as Entrepreneurs are Jackasses. In this book he discussed his experiences directing a large multi-national conglomerate. He followed this up in 2002 with a book entitled Overstekende ezels (), translated as Crossing Jackasses. In this he discusses his views regarding entrepreneurs, corruption, ambition, the euro, money, honesty, change and success.
Deathbed warning for the planet
In April 2006, van Vlissingen announced that he had terminal pancreatic cancer and that he would not be having chemotherapy. He said: "In the Western world we mistakenly try to keep death at bay. I look to Native Americans instead. When they see their death approaching, they visit good friends and family to share happy memories and look back at the good things."
In an interview with the Dutch newspaper De Telegraaf published in April 2006, he said: "Our planet is in a much sorrier state than it was when I was a child. The destruction cannot go on at this pace. My generation should be ashamed of the condition in which we are passing on our planet to future generations."
In August 2006, the cancer got worse, and this led to his death during the night of 20–21 August 2006. The information of his death was released to the public on 22 August. Many broadcasters stated (wrongly) that Fentener van Vlissingen was the middle of the three Van Vlissingen brothers. In fact, Paul was the youngest.
Unorthodox to the last
In February 2006 it emerged that in his will Fentener van Vlissingen left a significant portion of his estate to his partner, the former Guardian art critic Caroline Tisdall, as well as several million to his lover Suzanne Wolff. The Scotsman reported that Tisdall had been prepared to tolerate the billionaire's relationship with Wolff in his latter years. He left the bulk of his fortune and the Letterewe Estate in north-west Scotland to his two daughters, Alicia and Tet and to their children.
Footnotes
1941 births
2006 deaths
20th-century Dutch businesspeople
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
Businesspeople from Utrecht (city)
Deaths from cancer in the Netherlands
Dutch billionaires
Dutch expatriates in Scotland
|
5382358
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adriana%20Trigiani
|
Adriana Trigiani
|
Adriana Trigiani is an American best-selling author of eighteen books, playwright, television writer/producer, film director/screenwriter/producer, and entrepreneur based in New York City. Trigiani has published a novel a year since 2000.
Early life and career
Inspired by her Italian American heritage and Appalachian childhood in Big Stone Gap, Virginia, Trigiani arrived in New York in 1985 after attending Saint Mary's College in Indiana. Trigiani made her off-Broadway debut in New York City as a playwright in 1985 at the Manhattan Theater Club with Secrets of the Lava Lamp, directed by Stuart Ross. From 1988 to 1998, she created scripts for television sitcoms, including The Cosby Show (1984) and its spin-off A Different World (1987). She was the writer and executive producer of City Kids for ABC/Jim Henson Productions, she was an executive producer and writer of Growing Up Funny, a television special for Lifetime which garnered an Emmy nomination for Lily Tomlin. Trigiani has written eighteen best-sellers in fiction and non-fiction,wrote and directed the award-winning documentary Queens of the Big Time (1996 Audience Award Hamptons International Film Festival and 1997 Palm Springs International Film Festival). She wrote and directed the major motion picture Big Stone Gap, based on her debut novel and shot entirely on location in her hometown. In 2018 she directed Then Came You in Scotland, starring Craig Ferguson and Kathie Lee Gifford (screenwriter). She adapted her novel Very Valentine for Lifetime Television, it premiered in June 2019 starring Kelen Coleman and Jacqueline Bisset. Trigiani co-founded with Nancy Bolmeier-Fisher The Origin Project, an in-school writing program in Appalachia that serves over 1700 students in her home state Virginia. The program has received many awards, including citations from the Virginia Council for the Humanities (2018), Helen M. Lewis Community Service Award (2015), and the William P. Kanto Memorial Award at The University of Virginia at Wise (2017).
As novelist and filmmaker
Trigiani authored the best-selling Big Stone Gap series, including Big Stone Gap (2000), Big Cherry Holler (2001), Milk Glass Moon (2002), and Home to Big Stone Gap (2006), set in her Virginia hometown; and the bestselling Valentine trilogy, the tale of a woman working to save her family's shoe company in Greenwich Village. Trigiani also wrote the Viola books, about a clever teenage filmmaker from Brooklyn, for young adults. Trigiani's acclaimed stand-alone novels include Lucia, Lucia (2003), The Queen of the Big Time (2004), and Rococo (2005). Trigiani's book The Shoemaker's Wife is the fictional account of the lives of her own grandparents after emigrating to America from Italy in the early 20th century. Regularly on The New York Times Bestseller List, critics have noted Trigiani's ability to "create distinctive voices for each of her characters." Millions of copies of Trigiani's books are in print in the United States and published in 36 countries around the world. Overlapping themes include self-perception, social identity, the universal immigrant story, personal loss, working class life, and contemporary social and environmental issues. Since 2012, Adriana Trigiani Tours, and AT Escapes, have offered travel tours to Italy, Scotland, Spain and Gibraltar inspired by the novels of Adriana Trigiani.
During the 1990s, Trigiani wrote and directed an award-winning documentary Queen of The Big Time (1996), the story of her father's hometown of Roseto, Pennsylvania, shown in film festivals in London and Hong Kong, co-produced Green Chimneys, and later contributed to PBS documentary The Italian Americans. In 2014, Trigiani directed the major motion picture Big Stone Gap (film), a romantic comedy film adaptation of her namesake bestselling novel, produced by Donna Gigliotti for Altar Identity Studios, a subsidiary of Media Society. Big Stone Gap (film) is a story of family secrets and self-discovery in an Appalachian coal-mining town of the late 1970s. The award-winning ensemble cast includes Ashley Judd, Whoopi Goldberg, Jane Krakowski, Jenna Elfman, and Patrick Wilson. Released on October 9, 2015 by Picturehouse (company), Trigiani's narrative directorial debut arrived nearly 30 years after the sale of her first screenplay, Three to Get Married, produced by Kate Benton in 1986. Opening the Virginia Film Festival, Big Stone Gap (film) was ranked among the top 250 grossing women directed films of 2014.
Media appearances
Trigiani and her work have regularly been featured on NBC's Today Show. She was profiled on CBS Sunday Morning, appeared on The View, Good Day NY with Rosanna Scotto and Lori Stokes, and is heard regularly on NPR around the country. Trigiani has lectured at New York University and the New School for Social Research, has been a commencement speaker and received honorary degrees from Emory & Henry College (2018), Saint Mary's College, Notre Dame, Indiana (2002), The University of Virginia at Wise (2001), and The University of New Haven, Connecticut (2005, 2016). She is host of the Library of Virginia Literary Awards (11 years), was host of the Poets and Writers Gala in New York City (2016), The Audio Publishers Association Audies Gala (2014), and the Barnes & Noble Writers for Writers Awards. She is permanent host of the Erma Bombeck/Arizona Women's Board Annual Authors Luncheon that is committed to the prevention of kidney disease through awareness, education and research.
Novels
Big Stone Gap: a novel. New York: Random House, 2000.
Big Cherry Holler: a Big Stone Gap novel. New York: Random House, 2001
Milk Glass Moon : a Big Stone Gap novel. New York: Random House, 2002.
Lucia, Lucia: a novel. New York: Random House, 2004.
Home to Big Stone Gap; a novel. New York: Random House, 2006.
The Queen of the Big Time : a novel. New York: Random House, 2004.
Rococo: a novel. New York: Random House, 2005.
Very Valentine: a novel. New York: Random House, 2009.
Viola in reel life. New York: Harper Teen, 2009.
Brava, Valentine: a novel. Harper Collins Publishers, 2010
Viola In the Spotlight New York: Harper Teen, 2011.
The Shoemaker's Wife: a novel.New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 2012.
The Supreme Macaroni Company : a novel. New York : Harper Collins Publishers, 2013.
All The Stars in the Heavens : a novel. New York: Harper, Harper Collins Publishers, 2015.
Kiss Carlo. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 2017
Tony's Wife: a novel. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 2018
Memoirs
Cooking With My Sisters : One Hundred Years of Family Recipes from Bari to Big Stone Gap. New York: Random House, 2004.
Don't Sing At The Table : Life Lessons From My Grandmothers New York : Harper, 2010.
Professional recognition
1996: Audience Award, Queens of the Big Time. Hamptons International Film Festival & Palm Springs International Film Festival.
2003: The New York Times Bestsellers, Lucia, Lucia: a novel.
2004: The New York Times Bestsellers, The Queen of the Big Time: a novel.
2004: Best Read in England &Publishers Weekly Best Sellers, Lucia, Lucia: a novel.
2005: Publishers Weekly Fiction Award, finalist & New York Times Bestsellers, Rococo: a novel.
2006: Library of Virginia Annual Literary Awards, Big Stone Gap: a novel.
2006: People's Choice Award Finalist, Big Stone Gap.
2007: Library of Virginia Annual Literary Awards, Home to Big Stone Gap.
2008: Shepherd University Foundation, The West Virginia Humanities Council, and The West Virginia Center for the Book, Appalachian Heritage Writer's Award.
2009: The New York Times Bestsellers, Very Valentine: a novel
2010: The New York Times Bestsellers, Brava Valentine: a novel.
2010: American Library Association Reading List selection, Very valentine.
2012: Publishers Weekly Best Seller & New York Times Bestsellers: The Shoemaker's Wife: a novel
2013: Publishers Weekly Best Seller, The Supreme Macaroni Company: a novel.
2013: The National Organization of Italian American Women, Connecticut Region, honoree Adriana Trigiani
2015: Best Ensemble Cast, Big Stone Gap, the movie. Bentonville Film Festival Award.
2015: The New York Times, Barnes & Noble, USA Today, and Publishers Weekly Best Sellers, All The Stars In the Heaven.
2015: Seattle International Film Festival Women In Cinema series, Big Stone Gap (film).
References
External links
Official website
21st-century American novelists
21st-century American women writers
American writers of Italian descent
American women television producers
American television writers
American women film directors
American women novelists
American women screenwriters
Appalachian writers
Film directors from Virginia
Living people
People from Big Stone Gap, Virginia
Saint Mary's College (Indiana) alumni
American women television writers
Novelists from Virginia
Year of birth missing (living people)
Screenwriters from Virginia
21st-century American screenwriters
Television producers from Virginia
American film directors of Italian descent
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5382388
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girl%20Authority
|
Girl Authority
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Girl Authority was an American cover pop girl group. The group consisted of nine girls, at the time, ranging in ages 8 to 13; Jacqueline Laviolette, Carly Grayson, Jessica "Jess" Bonner, Crystal Evans, Kate Barker, Zoë Virant, Jessica Tarr, Gina Miele and Alexandra "Alex" Bilbo. The group was established in the summer of 2005 by the group's vocal coach/executive producer Samantha Hammel, Scott Billington (a Grammy award-winning producer) and the CEO of Rounder Records, John Virant, the father of Zoe, one of the members of Girl Authority. Based on the oldest girls graduating high school; in the summer of 2010, the girls contracts with Rounder Records ceased, and the band officially retired. Currently, the majority of the group members are attending or just graduating college. All of these girls are still close friends and get together for reunions.
All of the girls participated in local musical theater together for five years before joining the group. Each member of the group had a persona during their time in the group; Laviolette was All-Star Girl, Grayson was Glamour Girl, Bonner was Boho Girl, Evans was Country Girl, Barker was Party Girl, Virant was Preppy Girl, Tarr was Rock N' Roll Girl, Miele was Urban Girl, and Bilbo was Fashion Girl.
Girl Authority's self-titled album was released on the Zoë Records label in April 2006. The album reached #9 on Billboard's Top Kid Audio chart and #17 on the Top Heatseekers chart. On the album, the girls recorded past songs such as Madonna's Material Girl and Kelly Clarkson's Breakaway. The album ran several TV advertisements on Nickelodeon.
In April 2006, the girls were invited to sing with The Dresden Dolls at a show in Boston. The girls have also shared the stage with the Jonas Brothers and Jesse McCartney, and have appeared on CBS' The Early Show.
Their second album, Road Trip, was released on March 13, 2007. Featured on this album is a version of the early previously unreleased Depeche Mode song called "Let's Get Together" that Vince Clarke re-wrote for the band. 80s pop singer Cyndi Lauper wrote a ballad titled "Shine" that the group covered, and Tanya Donelly wrote four tracks for the album, including "This Is My Day". In addition, three remaining original songs on the album include "Rhythm of the World" by Ch!pz, "Wild Side" (a song sung by Jessica Tarr), and their theme song "Girl Authority". The group also recorded and released an EP titled Halloween Party Songs, a cover recording of Halloween-themed songs. However, the EP was only sold in iParty stores. Three years after Halloween Party Songs was released Girl Authority broke up in 2010.
Awards
Best Audio—iParenting Media
Side Projects
Girl Authority recorded "The Star-Spangled Banner" in June 2006 and also a theme song for the Club Libby Lu store chain. They also released a Christmas single titled "Santa Claus Is Comin' To Town". The single is only sold to listeners on Rhapsody, URGE, Zune and iTunes. They also made a guest appearance in the book series Beacon Street Girls in July. The group held a songwriting contest for Beacon Street Girls readers. The group chose the song "I Am Me", a song written by a fourteen-year-old girl named Allison Boudreau from Swansea, Massachusetts. The song was then available as a free download on the Beacon Street Girls website. The group had also considered three other songs before choosing the winning song: Marissa from Ontario, Canada and her song "To Be the One to Find Me", Charlotte from Saskatchewan, Canada with her song, "My Friends Bring Out the Best in Me" and Brook from Illinois with her song, "We're Going Outside Tonight".
Discography
Albums
Girl Authority (album) (2006)
Road Trip (Girl Authority album) (2007)
EPs
Halloween Party Songs (2007)
Singles
"Santa Claus Is Comin' To Town" (2006)
"Let's Get Together" (2007)
"I Am Me" (2008)
References
External links
Girl Authority on Facebook
Girl Authority on YouTube
Spice Girls For The Tween Set Billboard Katy Kroll
They think Top 40, and aren't even 14 Boston Globe - Bobby Hankinson
American pop music groups
American pop girl groups
American child singers
American child actresses
Musical groups established in 2005
Musical groups disestablished in 2010
Musical groups from Massachusetts
American children's musical groups
Zoë Records artists
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4045089
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hwang%20Jang-yop
|
Hwang Jang-yop
|
Hwang Jang-yop (; 17 February 192310 October 2010) was a North Korean politician who served as the Chairman of the Supreme People's Assembly from 1972–1983 and was largely responsible for crafting Juche, the state ideology of North Korea. He defected to South Korea in 1997, the highest-ranking North Korean to have defected.
Early life and education
Hwang was born in Kangdong, South Pyongan Province, during the period of Chōsen. He graduated from the Pyongyang Commercial School in 1941, and then went to Tokyo in 1942 to attend Chuo University's law school; however, he quit two years later and returned to Pyongyang, where he taught mathematics at his old school. He joined the Workers' Party of Korea in 1946, soon after its founding; from 1949 to 1953, he was sent to study at Moscow University in the Soviet Union,. Upon his return to North Korea, he became head lecturer in philosophy at Kim Il-sung University. He would later ascend to the presidency of that university in April 1965.
Career
Sometime in the late 1950s, Hwang discovered a 1955 speech, On Eliminating Dogmatism and Formalism and Establishing Juche in Ideological Work, in which Kim Il-sung said, "Juche means Chosun's revolution" (Chosun being the traditional name for Korea). At the time, Kim wanted to develop his own version of Marxism-Leninism, and Hwang was largely responsible for developing what became known as "the Juche Idea." As part of this, he helped scrub all of the paeans to Joseph Stalin that had been typical of Kim's speeches in the 1940s and early 1950s. He also supervised the rewriting of Korean Communist history to make it look like Kim had been the founder and leader of the ruling Workers' Party of Korea from its inception.
In 1972, Hwang became Chairman of the Standing Committee of the Supreme People's Assembly, a position which he would hold for 11 years.
In 1983, however, he was removed from the Assembly and his standing deteriorated; though he had been Kim Jong-il's teacher at Kim Il-sung University, Kim now spoke to him only to criticize him, specifically admonishing him for taking too close an interest in China's capitalist reforms. Remarking on his role as advisor to Kim Jong-il, Hwang stated: "When I proposed something, he would pretend to listen at first, but in the end, he would never listen."
Defection
Hwang, along with his aide Kim Duk-hong, the president of a North Korean trading firm in Beijing, defected on the way back from a February 1997 trip to Tokyo by walking into the South Korean embassy in Beijing by posing as South Korean diplomats and using fake South Korean passports. Once their true identities were discovered, Pyongyang immediately threatened retaliation, while Beijing police sealed off the South Korean embassy. Three days later, North Korean defector Yi Han-yong, the nephew of Kim Jong-il's mistress Song Hye-rim, was shot outside of his home in South Korea in Bundang, Gyeonggi-do, by unknown assailants widely suspected to be North Korean special forces agents; South Korean Prime Minister Lee Soo-sung described the attack as retaliation for Hwang's defection. A few days later, Kim Jong-il was quoted on Radio Pyongyang as saying, "Cowards, leave if you want to. We will defend the red flag of revolution to the end", a message seen as marking acceptance of Hwang's defection.
Chinese authorities eventually permitted Hwang to depart for South Korea via the Philippines several weeks later. Considering Hwang's prominent role in the North Korean regime, his defection caused a stir, with The Washington Post saying it was "as if Joseph Goebbels had defected from Nazi Germany".
After his defection, Hwang's wife back in North Korea died by suicide, and one of his daughters died under mysterious circumstances by falling off a truck; his other children, a daughter and a son, as well his grandchildren, are thought to have been sent to labour camps. After his arrival in South Korea, he became a harsh critic of North Korea, publishing over 12 books and treatises, many of which accused Kim Jong-il of "betraying Juche and building feudalism instead of socialism", and used his position as chairman of the Unification Policy Research Institute to spread his message. However, under the Sunshine Policy of president Kim Dae-jung, who took office in 1998, Hwang found himself increasingly marginalised; in November 2000, he was removed from the chairmanship of the Unification Policy Research Institute, leading him to complain that the South Korean government wanted him to stay quiet so as not to upset the North.
Hwang contributed to the Daily NK, an online newspaper set up by South Koreans with North Korean staff. He described his feelings surrounding the defection in the paper.
In April 2010, the South Korean National Intelligence Service announced that it had arrested two North Korean agents who had allegedly been sent to assassinate Hwang. The two agents had reportedly trained for four years in preparation for their mission. They had posed as defectors, but were discovered during questioning by South Korean authorities. They claimed that they would receive assistance from North Korean sympathisers in the South, but refused to give any names when questioned. Hwang commented on the assassination attempt, "Death is just death. There is no difference from dying of old age or being killed by Kim Jong-il." In June 2010, South Korea sentenced the two would-be assassins to 10 years in prison.
Death
Hwang was found dead in his home in Seoul, South Korea, on the morning of 10 October 2010. Initial reports stated that he died of a heart attack. He died while bathing, and as such a large amount of water entered his lungs; however, an autopsy found no poison or drugs in his body, and footage from surveillance cameras showed no signs of forcible entry. On those grounds, the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency (SMPA) stated that there was no evidence that his death might be murder and that they would close their investigation. On 20 October, just shortly after Hwang's death, the SMPA announced that it had arrested another would-be assassin of Hwang, Ri Dong-sam, who had also entered South Korea posing as a North Korean defector; however, the charges had no connection to Hwang's death.
Bibliography
Hwang published 20 books after his defection to South Korea:
See also
North Korean defectors
North Koreans in South Korea
South Korean defectors
Choe Deok-sin, South Korean foreign minister, highest-ranking defector from the South
References
Further reading
External links
A collection of North Korean press releases about Hwang Jang-yop
Hwang Jang-yop Holds Press Conference To Explain Why He Defected from North Korea Federation of American Scientists
Daily NK, a pro-democracy online newspaper set up by North Korean exiles in South Korea
1923 births
2010 deaths
Chairmen of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly
Korean communists
Korean nationalists
Kim Il-sung University faculty
North Korean defectors
North Korean expatriates in the Soviet Union
People from South Pyongan
Jaeahn Hwang clan
Members of the 6th Secretariat of the Workers' Party of Korea
Members of the 5th Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea
Members of the 6th Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea
Former Marxists
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4045090
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumberland%20South
|
Cumberland South
|
Cumberland South is a provincial electoral district in Cumberland Country, Nova Scotia, Canada, that elects one member of the Nova Scotia House of Assembly. The riding was created before the 1993 election from most of Cumberland West and Cumberland Centre ridings and a small part of Cumberland East.
The communities of Oxford, Parrsboro and Springhill are within its boundaries.
The Member of the Legislative Assembly since 1998 has been held by the Progressive Conservative Party of Nova Scotia. A Tory stronghold, Cumberland South has been dominated by Progressive Conservative Murray Scott for over a decade and now Tory Rushton
The 2012 redistribution saw the riding gain territory from Cumberland North.
Geography
The land area of Cumberland South is .
Members of the Legislative Assembly
This riding has elected the following Members of the Legislative Assembly:
Election results
1993 general election
1998 general election
1999 general election
2003 general election
2006 general election
2009 general election
2010 by-election
|-
|Progressive Conservative
|Jamie Baillie
|align="right"|3,262
|align="right"|57.20%
|align="right"|-10.26
|New Democratic Party
|Scott McKee
|align="right"|276
|align="right"|4.84%
|align="right"|-21.06
|}
2013 general election
|-
|Progressive Conservative
|Jamie Baillie
|align="right"| 3,655
|align="right"| 51.0%
|align="right"| -6.2
|-
|Liberal
|Kenny Jackson
|align="right"| 2,884
|align="right"| 40.2%
|align="right"| +2.2
|-
|New Democratic Party
|Larry Duchesne
|align="right"| 486
|align="right"| 6.8%
|align="right"| +2.0
|-
|-
|}
2017 general election
2018 by-election
2021 general election
References
Cumberland County, Nova Scotia
Nova Scotia provincial electoral districts
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4045113
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truro-Bible%20Hill-Millbrook-Salmon%20River
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Truro-Bible Hill-Millbrook-Salmon River
|
Truro-Bible Hill-Millbrook-Salmon River is a provincial electoral district in Nova Scotia, Canada, that elects one member to the Nova Scotia House of Assembly.
The electoral district was created in 1978 and was named Truro-Bible Hill until it was renamed in the 2012 electoral boundary review; there were no boundary changes.
The present name for the electoral district was used beginning with the 2013 provincial election.
Geography
Truro-Bible Hill-Millbrook-Salmon River covers of land area.
Members of the Legislative Assembly
The electoral district has elected the following Members of the Legislative Assembly:
Election results
2021 general election
2020 by-election
2017 general election
2013 general election
|-
|New Democratic Party
|Lenore Zann
|align="right"|3,165
|align="right"|38.05
|align="right"|-10.31
|-
|Liberal
|Barry J. Mellish
|align="right"|2,682
|align="right"|32.25
|align="right"|+12.72
|Progressive Conservative
|Charles Cox
|align="right"|2,470
|align="right"|29.70
|align="right"|-0.53
|-
|}
2009 general election
|-
|New Democratic Party
|Lenore Zann
|align="right"|4,070
|align="right"|48.37
|align="right"|+19.73
|-
|Progressive Conservative
|Hughie MacIsaac
|align="right"|2,544
|align="right"|30.23
|align="right"|-17.04
|-
|Liberal
|Bob Hagell
|align="right"|1,643
|align="right"|19.52
|align="right"|-1.80
|-
|}
2006 general election
|-
|Progressive Conservative
|Jamie Muir
|align="right"|3,711
|align="right"|47.27
|align="right"|+0.16
|-
|New Democratic Party
|Jim Harpell
|align="right"|2,248
|align="right"|28.64
|align="right"|+0.41
|-
|Liberal
|Ron Chisholm
|align="right"|1,674
|align="right"|21.32
|align="right"|-3.33
|-
|}
2003 general election
|-
|Progressive Conservative
|Jamie Muir
|align="right"|3,862
|align="right"|47.11
|align="right"|-6.47
|-
|New Democratic Party
|Jim Harpell
|align="right"|2,314
|align="right"|28.23
|align="right"|+0.02
|-
|Liberal
|Jeff Yuill
|align="right"|2,021
|align="right"|24.66
|align="right"|+6.45
|}
1999 general election
|-
|Progressive Conservative
|Jamie Muir
|align="right"|4,747
|align="right"|53.58
|align="right"|+11.55
|-
|New Democratic Party
|Ibel Scammell
|align="right"|2499
|align="right"|28.21
|align="right"|-1.82
|-
|Liberal
|Matthew Graham
|align="right"|1,613
|align="right"|18.21
|align="right"|-9.73
|}
1998 general election
1993 general election
1988 general election
1984 general election
1981 general election
1978 general election
References
External links
Riding profile
Nova Scotia provincial electoral districts
Truro, Nova Scotia
|
4045114
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FC%20Okean%20Nakhodka
|
FC Okean Nakhodka
|
Okean Nakhodka was a Russian football club based in Nakhodka, Primorsky Krai. The club's colours were white and blue.
History
In 1989 Okean won the RSFSR Cup, and in 1991 they won the regional league.
Okean spent 1992 and 1993 seasons in the Top League, being one of the founding members, aided by the fact that the clubs from other Soviet republics walked away from the existing Soviet league system to form their own leagues. They thus became the easternmost club to compete in the Top League (and by extension, all of Europe's top flight leagues, though they never made any European competition), a record they hold until 2017 (when SKA-Khabarovsk won promotion to the top tier of Russian football). The best result they achieved was a 14th position in 1992.
After relegation in 1993 Okean played in the First League in 1994–1996, after which they were relegated again.
Okean played in the Second Division after 1997. The best result was achieved in 2005, when they finished as runners-up. In 2010 they finished 11th or last in East Zone of Second Division and were relegated to the Amateur Football League for 2011, losing professional status.
The club was liquidated in 2015.
Phoenix Club
The club was reformed in 2018 and competed in the Primorsky Kray championship during 2019 , winning this competition and being promoted to the Russian Amateur Football League (level 3) - Far Eastern Championship for the 1921 season
Notable persons and matches
Oleg Garin is considered the best footballer in club's history.
One of the club's best matches was played on 30 July 1992, when Okean defeated CSKA at home 5–2. The last defending Soviet champions lost to the debutants of the Top League.
Reserve squad
Okean's reserve squad played professionally as FC Okean-d Nakhodka in the Russian Second League in 1993.
Notable past players
Had international caps for their respective countries. Players whose name is listed in bold represented their countries while playing for Okean.
Sergey Sokolov
Konstantin Ledovskikh
Viktor Fayzulin
Rifäd Timraliýew
Sergey Lushan
Andrei Rezantsev
References
External links
Official website
Fans' website
Association football clubs established in 1986
Association football clubs disestablished in 2015
Defunct football clubs in Russia
Sport in Nakhodka
1986 establishments in Russia
2015 disestablishments in Russia
|
4045115
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gagarinite-%28Ce%29
|
Gagarinite-(Ce)
|
Gagarinite-(Ce) previously zajacite-(Ce) is a rare radioactive fluoride mineral with formula Na(REExCa1−x)(REEyCa1−y)F6. REE refers to rare-earth elements, mostly those belonging to the lanthanide series. It crystallizes in the trigonal rhombohedral system and has a white vitreous appearance with a conchoidal fracture. It has a Mohs hardness of 3.5 and a specific gravity of 4.44 to 4.55. Zajacite is transparent with refractive indices nω = 1.483 and nε = 1.503. Gagarinite-(Y) is a yttrium-rich analog.
It occurs as creamy to white anhedral to subhedral grains in pegmatite and aplite pods or lenses in a peralkaline igneous intrusion.
It was discovered in 1993 at Strange Lake, Quebec – Labrador, (56°20'N, 64°10'W) and was initially named for Ihor Stephan Zajac, who led the expedition responsible for its discovery, and who first recognized the presence of the new mineral. The mineral was renamed gagarinite-(Ce) in 2010 by the IMA. The new name is for Russian cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin (1934–1968).
See also
List of minerals
List of minerals named after people
References
Lanthanide minerals
Sodium minerals
Calcium minerals
Fluorine minerals
Trigonal minerals
Minerals in space group 147
|
4045128
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programming%20model
|
Programming model
|
A programming model is an execution model coupled to an API or a particular pattern of code. In this style, there are actually two execution models in play: the execution model of the base programming language and the execution model of the programming model. An example is Spark where Java is the base language, and Spark is the programming model. Execution may be based on what appear to be library calls. Other examples include the POSIX Threads library and Hadoop's MapReduce. In both cases, the execution model of the programming model is different from that of the base language in which the code is written. For example, the C programming language has no behavior in its execution model for input/output or thread behavior. But such behavior can be invoked from C syntax, by making what appears to be a call to a normal C library.
What distinguishes a programming model from a normal library is that the behavior of the call cannot be understood in terms of the language the program is written in. For example, the behavior of calls to the POSIX thread library cannot be understood in terms of the C language. The reason is that the call invokes an execution model that is different from the execution model of the language. This invocation of an outside execution model is the defining characteristic of a programming model, in contrast to a programming language.
In parallel computing, the execution model often must expose features of the hardware in order to achieve high performance. The large amount of variation in parallel hardware causes a concurrent need for a similarly large number of parallel execution models. It is impractical to make a new language for each execution model, hence it is a common practice to invoke the behaviors of the parallel execution model via an API. So, most of the programming effort is done via parallel programming models rather than parallel languages. Unfortunately, the terminology around such programming models tends to focus on the details of the hardware that inspired the execution model, and in that insular world the mistaken belief is formed that a programming model is only for the case when an execution model is closely matched to hardware features.
References
Computer programming
|
4045131
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacatec
|
Bacatec
|
Established in 2000, BaCaTec for Bavaria California Technology Center is a technology platform for research exchange between universities in the federal states of Bavaria in Germany and the state of California in the United States of America.
Mission
The mission of BaCaTeC is to increase and promote cooperations between researchers, including academic and commercial efforts, located in Bavaria and California, by providing a data basis for the identification of potential partners and assists initial contacts. BaCaTeC also sponsors projects with seed money to start up new collaborations amongst the participants.
BaCaTeC strongly encourages the expansion and development of research projects by academic and/or commercial Bavarian and Californian institutions which have the potential to attract external funding in the future.
Areas of Study
Participants in active exchange between the universities are involved in the following areas of study:
life sciences
information and communication technologies
new materials
environmental technologies and
mechatronics
Status
As of July 2009, there have been 299 joint research projects, on which BaCatec spent about €1.6 million.
References
External links
Official Website (German/English)
Official Website (English)
Computing platforms
2000 introductions
Education in Bavaria
Education in California
Scientific societies based in Germany
Germany–United States relations
|
5382389
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1952%20in%20the%20United%20Kingdom
|
1952 in the United Kingdom
|
Events from the year 1952 in the United Kingdom. This year sees a change of monarch.
Incumbents
Monarch - George VI (until 6 February), Elizabeth II (starting 6 February)
Prime Minister – Winston Churchill (Conservative)
Parliament – 40th
Events
5 January – Prime Minister Winston Churchill arrives in the United States for an official visit and talks with President Harry S. Truman.
10 January – An Aer Lingus Douglas DC-3 aircraft on a London–Dublin flight crashes in Wales due to vertical draft in the mountains of Snowdonia, killing twenty passengers and the three crew.
16 January – Sooty, Harry Corbett's glove puppet bear, first appears on BBC Television.
30 January – British troops remain in Korea, where they have spent the last eighteen months, after a breakdown of talks that were aimed at ending the Korean War.
1 February – The first TV detector van is commissioned in the UK, as the beginning of a clampdown on the estimated 150,000 British households that watch television illegally without a licence.
6 February – King George VI dies at Sandringham House aged 56 early this morning. It is revealed that he had been suffering from lung cancer. He is succeeded by his 25-year-old daughter, Princess Elizabeth, Duchess of Edinburgh, who ascends to the throne as Queen Elizabeth II. The new Queen is on a visit to Kenya at the time of her father's death and returns to London the following day. She will be the longest-lived and longest-reigning British monarch, with a reign of 70 years.
8 February – Queen Elizabeth II proclaimed Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland at St James's Palace.
14 February–25 February – Great Britain and Northern Ireland compete at the Winter Olympics in Oslo and win one gold medal.
15 February – The funeral of King George VI takes place at St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle. His body has been lying in state in Westminster Hall since 11 February.
21 February – Compulsory identity cards, issued during World War II, are abolished.
26 February – Prime Minister Winston Churchill announces that the United Kingdom has an atomic bomb.
7 March – NME goes on sale for the first time in the United Kingdom.
31 March – Computer scientist Alan Turing is convicted of "gross indecency" after admitting to a consensual homosexual relationship in Regina v. Turing and Murray. He consents to undergo oestrogen treatment to avoid imprisonment.
29 April – The University of Southampton is chartered, first post-war university established.
2 May – The De Havilland Comet becomes the world's first jet airliner, with a maiden flight from London to Johannesburg.
3 May – Newcastle United F.C. win the FA Cup for a record fifth time. Last year's winners retain the trophy with a 1-0 win over Arsenal at Wembley Stadium. The only goal of the game is scored by Chilean-born forward George Robledo, the first foreigner to score in an FA Cup final.
21 May – Eastcastle Street robbery: a post office van is held up in the West End of London and £287,000 (worth £8,189,519.66 in 2019) stolen, Britain's largest post-war robbery up to this date; the thieves are never caught.
June – Reindeer reintroduced to the Cairngorms of Scotland.
1 June – One shilling charge is introduced for prescription drugs dispensed under the National Health Service.
5 July – The last of the original trams runs in London; the citizens of London turn out in force to say farewell.
19 July–3 August – Great Britain and Northern Ireland compete at the Olympics in Helsinki and win 1 gold, 2 silver and 8 bronze medals.
19 July – Len Hutton is appointed as the England cricket team's first professional captain for 65 years.
16 August – Lynmouth Flood: 34 people killed in a flood at Lynmouth in Devon. Many other people are injured and numerous buildings are damaged.
6 September – Farnborough Airshow DH.110 crash: 31 people killed when a plane breaks up over the crowd at the Farnborough Airshow.
19 September – English film star Charlie Chaplin, sailing to the United Kingdom with his family for the premiere of his film Limelight (London, 16 October), is told that he will be refused re-entry to the United States until he has been investigated by the U.S. Immigration Service. He chooses to remain in Europe.
29 September – Manchester Guardian prints news, rather than advertisements, on its front page for the first time.
3 October – Operation Hurricane: The UK explodes its first atomic bomb in the Monte Bello Islands, Australia.
5 October – Tea rationing ends, after thirteen years, as announced by the Government two days earlier.
8 October – Harrow and Wealdstone rail crash in North London claims the lives of 108 people.
16 October – Limelight opens in London; writer/actor/director/producer Charlie Chaplin arrives in Britain by ocean liner; in transit, his re-entry permit to the United States is revoked by J. Edgar Hoover.
19 October
A small militant Welsh republican group, Y Gweriniaethwyr, make an unsuccessful attempt to blow up a water pipeline leading from the Claerwen dam in mid Wales to Birmingham. The Claerwen reservoir is officially opened on 23 October.
John Bamford, aged 15, rescues victims of a house fire, and becomes the youngest person to be awarded the George Cross.
November – Royal College of General Practitioners established.
14 November – The magazine New Musical Express (launched on 7 March) publishes the first UK Singles Chart.
25 November – Agatha Christie's play The Mousetrap starts its run at the New Ambassadors Theatre in London. It will still be running in London as of 2022, having transferred next door to St Martin's Theatre in 1974.
29 November – First GPO pillar box of the reign of Queen Elizabeth II to be erected in Scotland, on the Inch housing estate in Edinburgh, is attacked in protest at its bearing the Royal Cipher of Elizabeth II, considered historically incorrect in Scotland.
4–9 December – Great Smog blankets London, causing transport chaos and, it is believed, around 4,000 deaths.
10 December – Archer Martin and Richard Synge win the Nobel Prize in Chemistry "for their invention of partition chromatography".
12 December – BBC children's television series Flower Pot Men debuts.
25 December – The Queen makes her first Christmas speech to the Commonwealth.
30 December – An RAF Avro Lancaster bomber crashes in Luqa, Malta, after an engine failure, killing three crew members and a civilian on the ground.
December – Utility Furniture Scheme ends.
Undated – Geoffrey Dummer proposes the integrated circuit.
Publications
H. E. Bates' novel Love for Lydia.
John Bingham's novel My Name is Michael Sibley.
Henry Cecil's novel No Bail for the Judge.
Agatha Christie's novels Mrs McGinty's Dead (Hercule Poirot) and They Do It with Mirrors (Miss Marple).
Dorothy Edwards' children's stories My Naughty Little Sister.
Richard Gordon's comic novel Doctor in the House.
David Jones' epic poem The Anathemata: fragments of an attempted writing.
C. S. Lewis' novel The Voyage of the Dawn Treader.
Mary Norton's children's novel The Borrowers.
Evelyn Waugh's novel Men at Arms, first of the Sword of Honour trilogy.
Births
9 January – Hugh Bayley, English politician
10 January – George Turpin, English boxer
29 January – Tim Healy, actor
4 February – Steve Smith, English theorist and academic
22 February – Bernard Silverman, English minister, statistician and academic
25 February – Joey Dunlop, Northern Irish motorcycle racer (died 2000)
4 March – David Richards, general, Chief of the Defence Staff
11 March – Douglas Adams, author (died 2001)
17 March – Barry Horne, animal rights activist (died 2001)
22 March – Des Browne, politician
28 March – Tony Brise, racing driver (died 1975)
11 April – Peter Windsor, sports reporter
16 April
Bob Humphrys, broadcaster (died 2008)
Chaz Jankel, singer and multi-instrumentalist
20 April – Andrew Jaspan, English-Australian journalist and academic
21 April – Cheryl Gillan, Welsh politician (died 2021)
12 May
Nicholas Underhill, lawyer and judge
3 May – Allan Wells, Scottish athlete
7 June – Liam Neeson, Northern Irish actor
12 June – Oliver Knussen, Scottish composer (died 2018)
17 June – Estelle Morris, politician
20 June – Gordon Marshall, sociologist and academic
22 June – Phil Nicholls, English professional footballer
4 July – John Waite, rock singer, bass guitarist and songwriter
6 July – Hilary Mantel, novelist (died 2022)
11 July – John Kettley, weather forecaster
15 July – Ann Dowling, mechanical engineer
20 July – Adrian Biddle, cinematographer (died 2005)
7 August – Alexei Sayle, comedian
12 August – Charlie Whiting, motorsports director (died 2019)
18 August – Pete Richens, screenwriter (died 2018)
21 August – Joe Strummer, musician (The Clash) (died 2002)
24 August – Ian Grob, racing driver
25 August – Geoff Downes, keyboardist (Asia)
27 September – Katie Fforde, novelist
30 September – Jack Wild, actor (died 2006)
18 October – Jim Ratcliffe, chemical engineer and businessman
16 November – Roger Bisby, journalist and TV presenter
21 November – Terry Lloyd, journalist (killed 2003)
24 November – Robin Aitken, journalist
3 December – Mel Smith, comic actor and director (died 2013)
6 December
Charles Salvador, violent criminal
Richard Walsh, actor
10 December – Clive Anderson, broadcast presenter, comedy writer and barrister
13 December – Karl Howman, actor
20 December – Jenny Agutter, actress
26 December – Jon Glover, actor
Deaths
6 February – George VI (born 1895)
4 March – Charles Scott Sherrington, physiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1857)
15 March – Nevil Sidgwick, chemist (born 1873)
19 April – Steve Conway, singer (born 1920)
21 April – Sir Stafford Cripps, Chancellor of the Exchequer (born 1889)
6 July – Marian Cripps, Baroness Parmoor, pacifist (born 1878)
6 September – Gertrude Lawrence, actress (born 1898)
29 September – John Cobb, racing car and motorboat driver (born 1899)
30 September – Waldorf Astor, 2nd Viscount Astor, businessman and politician (born 1879)
23 October – Windham Wyndham-Quin, 5th Earl of Dunraven and Mount-Earl, politician (born 1857)
28 October – Billy Hughes, Welsh-descended Prime Minister of Australia (born 1862)
15 December – Sir William Goscombe John, sculptor (born 1860)
19 December – Colonel Sir Charles Arden-Close, cartographer (born 1865)
See also
1952 in British music
1952 in British television
1952 in Northern Ireland
1952 in Scotland
1952 in Wales
List of British films of 1952
References
Years of the 20th century in the United Kingdom
|
5382393
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North%20Western%20Road%20Car%20Company
|
North Western Road Car Company
|
North Western Road Car Company may refer to one of two bus operators running within the north west of England in different eras:
North Western Road Car Company (1923), the original (1923-1974) company based in Stockport, England
North Western Road Car Company (1986), the bus company based in Liverpool, England
|
4045142
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top%20of%20the%20World%20%28The%20Carpenters%20song%29
|
Top of the World (The Carpenters song)
|
"Top of the World" is a 1972 song written and composed by Richard Carpenter and John Bettis and first recorded by American pop duo Carpenters. It was a Billboard Hot 100 No. 1 hit for the duo for two consecutive weeks in 1973.
Carpenters originally intended the song to be only an album cut. However, after country singer Lynn Anderson covered the song and it became a number two hit on the country charts, they reconsidered.
The Carpenters version
Background
Originally recorded for and released on the duo's 1972 studio album A Song for You, the song topped the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart in late 1973, becoming the duo's second of three No. 1 singles, following "(They Long to Be) Close to You" and preceding "Please Mr. Postman." Karen Carpenter re-recorded it for the band's first compilation as she was not quite satisfied with the original.
In Japan, it was used as the opening theme song for the 1995 Japanese drama Miseinen. In 2003, another drama, Beginner, had it as its ending theme song. It is heard in Shrek Forever After as Shrek enjoys being a "real ogre" and terrifying the villagers, as well as in a prominent scene of the 2012 film Dark Shadows, where a performance by the Carpenters is seen on a television screen. It has been used as the opening song of the Season 2, Episode 1 of Netflix series After Life.
Cash Box praised Karen Carpenter's "strong lead vocal" and the pair's harmonies.
Personnel
Karen Carpenter – lead and backing vocals
Richard Carpenter – backing vocals, Wurlitzer electronic piano, orchestration
Joe Osborn – bass guitar
Hal Blaine – brushed drums
Tony Peluso – electric guitar
Buddy Emmons – pedal steel guitar
Uncredited – tambourine
Chart performance
All-time charts
Certifications
Lynn Anderson version
Background
Country music singer Lynn Anderson covered the song in 1973 for her studio album Top of the World, released on Columbia Records. It was the first single released from her album and her version became the first hit. Anderson's cover reached No. 2 on the US country singles chart and No. 74 on the Billboard Hot 100 in mid-1973. The success of Anderson's version prompted the Carpenters to release a new version as a single, where it topped the US pop singles chart for two weeks in December 1973. Anderson's recording was produced by her husband Glenn Sutton and Clive Davis. She later re-recorded the song for her 2004 album, The Bluegrass Sessions.
Chart performance
Other versions
In early 1973, New Zealand male singer Steve Allen took his version to #1 in New Zealand for a week, sharing the top with The Carpenters version.
In 1974, the Swedish dansband Vikingarna had a Svensktoppen hit with a Swedish version by Benny Borg, "På världens tak (On the roof of the world)", which was the first Vikingarna song to chart on the Svensktoppen.
A version by Japanese alternative rock band Shonen Knife appeared on the 1994 Carpenters tribute album If I Were A Carpenter, and plays during the closing credits of the 1995 movie The Last Supper (1995 film).
See also
List of Hot 100 number-one singles of 1973 (U.S.)
References
External links
1972 songs
1973 singles
The Carpenters songs
Lynn Anderson songs
Vikingarna (band) songs
Steve Allen (singer) songs
Anti-war songs
Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles
Cashbox number-one singles
Number-one singles in Australia
RPM Top Singles number-one singles
Songs with lyrics by John Bettis
Songs written by Richard Carpenter (musician)
Japanese television drama theme songs
Columbia Records singles
A&M Records singles
Mona Gustafsson songs
Song recordings produced by Glenn Sutton
|
5382399
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher%20Gaze
|
Christopher Gaze
|
Christopher Bower Gaze, (born 12 May 1952) is an English actor, host, artist, theatre and opera director residing in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
History
Born in Guildford, Surrey, England, he trained at the Bristol Old Vic Theatre School before coming to Canada in 1975 where he spent three seasons at the Shaw Festival.
Career
He moved to Vancouver in 1983 and in 1990 founded Bard on the Beach which in 2014 achieved attendance exceeding 100,000. In addition to performing and directing for Bard, Christopher's voice is heard regularly in cartoon series, commercials and on the radio. He also hosts Vancouver Symphony's popular Tea and Trumpets series and their annual Christmas concerts. His many honours include induction into the BC Entertainment Hall of Fame, Canada's Meritorious Service Medal (2004), Honorary Doctorates from UBC & SFU, the BC Community Achievement Award (2007), the Gold Medallion from the Children's Theatre Foundation of America (2007) and a Jessie Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in Equus at The Playhouse. As an Olympic ambassador, Christopher was honoured to run with the Olympic flame for the 2010 Games. A public speaker with the National Speakers Bureau, Christopher frequently shares his insights on Shakespeare and theatre with students, service organizations and businesses.
He narrated the Season 3 of Emmy Award-winning animation series Madeline (after Christopher Plummer stepped down).
Additionally, he has also performed voiceover roles for animation, most notably as Turaga Vakama in the first three Bionicle movies, as well as Diagnostic Drone in Beast Machines and Major Mint in Barbie in the Nutcracker.
Christopher was awarded the Order of British Columbia (OBC) announced on 18 May 2012 by the Premier of British Columbia and the Civil Meritorious Service Medal (MSM) (Canada Gazette 17 May 2005) from the Canadian Government in 2005.
Filmography
Film
Television
Action Man - additional voices
Beast Machines - voice of Diagnostic Drone
Captain N: The Game Master - additional voices
Class of the Titans - voice of Zeus
The Fearless Four - Narrator
Hero: 108 - Fox King
Kid vs. Kat - voice of Mr. Cheeks
The Little Prince - voice of The Aviator (in The New Mission part 3)
Los Luchadores - Rupert ("Anxiety Attacks")
MacGyver - Phil Sternwise (Episode: The Visitor)
Madeline - narrator
Milo's Bug Quest - narrator
My Little Pony: Friendship is Magic - voice of Seaspray
Ninja Turtles: The Next Mutation - voice of Dragon Lord
Pocket Dragon Adventures - voice of The Wizard
ReBoot - voice of Hue Branch (in Firewall)
Sabrina's Secret Life - additional voices
Spider-Man Unlimited - voice of Bromley
Stargate SG-1 - Tevaris (Episode: "The Shroud")
Video Games
Marvel Nemesis: Rise of the Imperfects - voice of Magneto
References
External links
Interview with THECOMMENTARY.CA
1952 births
Living people
Male actors from Surrey
Male actors from Vancouver
20th-century English male actors
21st-century English male actors
20th-century Canadian male actors
21st-century Canadian male actors
English male voice actors
Canadian male voice actors
Canadian male stage actors
English male stage actors
English emigrants to Canada
Actors from Guildford
Alumni of Bristol Old Vic Theatre School
Members of the Order of British Columbia
Studio 58 people
Canadian artistic directors
|
4045155
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azalais%20de%20Porcairagues
|
Azalais de Porcairagues
|
Azalais de Porcairagues (also Azalaïs) or Alasais de Porcaragues was a trobairitz (woman troubadour), composing in Occitan in the late 12th century.
The sole source for her life is her vida, which tells us that she came from the country around Montpellier; she was educated and a gentlewoman; she loved Gui Guerrejat, the brother of William VII of Montpellier, and made many good songs about him; meaning, probably, that the one poem of hers known to the compiler had been addressed to Gui.
Gui was perhaps born around 1135; he fell ill early in 1178, became a monk, and died later in that year. Nothing is known of the dates of Azalais's birth and death. From her name, and from the statement in the Biographies cited above, it can be concluded that she came from the village of Portiragnes, just east of Béziers and about ten kilometers south of Montpellier, close to the territories that belonged to Gui and to his brothers. Aimo Sakari argues that she is the mysterious joglar ("jongleur") addressed in several poems by Raimbaut of Orange (a neighbour, and a cousin of Gui Guerrejat).
One poem attributed to Azalais, classically simple and emotional, survives today. As usually printed it has fifty-two lines, but the text varies considerably between manuscripts, suggesting that it was not written down immediately on its composition. No music is attached to it. The poem alludes to the death in 1173 of Raimbaut of Orange; it was possibly first composed before that date and emended afterwards. The poem's envoi seems to mention Ermengarde of Narbonne (1143–1197), a well known patroness of troubadour poetry.
As observed by Sakari, the third strophe of the poem seems to contribute to a poetical debate begun by Guilhem de Saint-Leidier as to whether a lady is dishonoured by taking a lover who is richer than herself. Raimbaut of Orange also comments in his poem A mon vers dirai chanso. Soon afterwards there follows a partimen on the topic between Dalfi d'Alvernha and Perdigon, and then a tensó between Guiraut de Bornelh and king Alfonso II of Aragon.
Excerpt
Sources and bibliography
Pierre Bec, Chants d'amour des femmes-troubadours: trobairitz et chansons de femme (Paris: Stock, 1995) pp. 65–70: complete poem in Occitan and French.
Biographies des troubadours ed. J. Boutière, A.-H. Schutz (Paris: Nizet, 1964) pp. 341–2.
A. Sakari, 'Azalais de Porcairagues, le "Joglar" de Raimbaut d'Orange' in Neuphilologische Mitteilungen vol. 50 (1949) pp. 23–43, 56-87, 174-198.
Notes
French women poets
12th-century French troubadours
12th-century French women writers
Trobairitz
People from Hérault
Year of birth unknown
Year of death unknown
|
4045158
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quimby%20Pipe%20Organs
|
Quimby Pipe Organs
|
Quimby Pipe Organs, Inc. is an American builder of pipe organs, based in Warrensburg, Missouri.
The firm was founded in 1970 by Michael Quimby, President and Tonal Director, and incorporated in the State of Missouri in 1980. The company has built and restored organs throughout the United States, including the Cathedral of St. John the Divine (New York City), St. Paul's Cathedral (San Diego), St. Margaret’s Episcopal Church (Palm Desert, CA), and Catalina United Methodist Church (Tucson, Arizona).
Along with building new instruments and restorations, Quimby Pipe Organs maintains and tunes instruments in the Midwest and across the country.
Quimby Pipe Organs is a member firm of APOBA, the Associated Pipe Organ Builders of America, and co-sponsors the American Guild of Organists' biannual Regional Competitions for Young Organists.
Further reading
Pickering, David (2012). The Auditorium Organ. Richmond: OHS Press.
Whitney, Craig R. (2003). All the Stops: the Glorious Pipe Organ and its American Masters. New York: PublicAffairs.
External links
Quimby Pipe Organs, Inc.
Pipe organ building companies
Musical instrument manufacturing companies of the United States
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4045159
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comite%20River
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Comite River
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The Comite River () is a right-bank tributary of the Amite River, with a confluence near the city of Denham Springs, east of Baton Rouge, Louisiana. The river is long. Its drainage basin comprises about , and includes portions of Wilkinson and Amite Counties in Mississippi, and East Feliciana and East Baton Rouge Parishes in Louisiana. The river's source lies in the hills of the East and West Feliciana Parishes, and empties into the Amite River just north of U.S. Route 190 (Florida Blvd) near the eastern boundary of Baton Rouge.
Flooding
When violent rains that frequent the capital city region strike, the water from the hills and piney forest in the Felicianas drains down into this usually shallow and calm river and quickly transforms it. During such flooding, the water flows southwards, sometimes flooding homes in outlying areas east of Baton Rouge. Floodwaters have been recorded to have covered Greenwell Springs Road in extreme conditions.
See also
2016 Louisiana floods
References
Rivers of Louisiana
Bodies of water of East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana
Bodies of water of East Feliciana Parish, Louisiana
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5382403
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order%20of%20St.%20Prince%20Lazar
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Order of St. Prince Lazar
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The Royal Order of Saint Prince Lazar () is a chivalric order created by King Alexander I of Serbia to commemorate the five hundredth anniversary of the Battle of Kosovo that took place on the 28 June 1389. It must not be confused with the Order of Saint Lazarus. The order is named after Prince Lazar who commanded the Serbian armies in the battle. The Order is worn only by the King of Serbia / King of Yugoslavia and by his Crown Prince (when of majority).
It continues as a dynastic order, with appointments currently made by Alexander, Crown Prince of Yugoslavia.
History
The order of Saint Prince Lazar was instituted by the Decision of the Parliament, signed by the King Aleksandar I, to commemorate the fifth centenary of the Battle of Kosovo (28 June 1389), that ended in the collapse of the medieval Serbian state. Saint Prince Lazar, of the Hrebeljanović family, commanded the Serbian armies that were defeated by the Ottoman Sultan Murat I. The Sultan was assassinated by Serbian knight Miloš Obilić, while captured the Serbian Prince was beheaded by the victorious Turks. The cult of the Saint Prince was very strong among Serbs, and the event was reckoned to be the paramount one in the entire history of Serbs. The commemoration of the 500th Anniversary took form of the Anointment of the King, and the Collar of Saint Prince Lazar ordered to be made by Nicolaus und Dunker of Hannau (Germany). The Order is worn only by the King of Serbia and by his Crown Prince (when of majority). Since inception, the Order has been worn only by the following:
Rewarding
The Collar of the Order was allowed to be worn only by the ruler of Serbia (later Yugoslavia) and the heir to the throne:
Titular holder of the order
Sign and a chain of the Order
Sign and a chain of the Order were made of gold and richly decorated with rubies, sapphires, emeralds, diamonds and pearls. Order for production was the German firm Nicolaus und Dunker. Sketches awards carried a professor of archeology Michael Valtrović.
References
Saint Prince Lazar, Order of
Saint Prince Lazar, Order of
Awards established in 1889
Awards disestablished in 1945
1889 establishments in Serbia
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5382407
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyrum%20W.%20Smith
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Hyrum W. Smith
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Hyrum W. Smith (October 16, 1943 – November 18, 2019) founded the Franklin Quest Company in 1983. Among the company's other products, Smith created the Franklin Planner and seminars on productivity development based on "principles" and other concepts. In 1997, Franklin Quest merged with Stephen R. Covey's Leadership Center to form Franklin Covey. Smith was the author of 10 Natural Laws of Successful Time and Life Management (1994) and What Matters Most (2001) as well as producing audio tapes.
Smith served as a missionary for The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) in England. He then was drafted into the U.S. Army and served in Germany. In 1966 he married Gail Cooper and they became the parents of six children. He graduated with a degree in business administration from Brigham Young University in 1971.
Smith served as a mission president in California for the LDS Church beginning in 1978. He also wrote a few religious books: Where Eagles Rest (1982) a collections of sermons he gave over the years, and Pain is Inevitable, Misery is Optional (2004) about his 1998 excommunication from and 2004 rejoining of the LDS Church. After being diagnosed a few months earlier, he died from cancer on November 18, 2019.
External links
Leader of the Month Leadership Profile
Biography at The Galileo Initiative
1943 births
American leaders of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
Mission presidents (LDS Church)
Brigham Young University alumni
American Mormon missionaries in the United States
2019 deaths
American business executives
People excommunicated by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
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5382410
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostfildern
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Ostfildern
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Ostfildern (; Swabian: Oschtfilder) is a town in the district of Esslingen in Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany. It is located approximately 8 km southeast of Stuttgart. It was formed in 1975 out of a fusion of the previously separate boroughs of Nellingen (including Parksiedlung), Ruit, Kemnat and Scharnhausen and currently has approximately 37,000 inhabitants.
Geography
Ostfildern is situated in the east of the Filder area, a fertile plateau south of Stuttgart. It is bordered to the south by the Körsch river, which flows into the Neckar.
History
The town of Ostfildern was formed on 1 January 1975 from the fusion of the formerly independent boroughs of Nellingen, Ruit, Kemnat and Scharnhausen.
From 1945 to 1992 the U.S. Army operated Nellingen Kaserne as a barracks and airfield. The site has since been redeveloped as Scharnhauser Park.
A well-known inhabitant of Ostfildern is Abdul Ahad Momand, who was the first Afghan in space and who got asylum in Germany following the withdrawal of Soviet forces from Afghanistan.
Population Development
¹ census results
Mayors since 1975
1975: Richard Schall,
1975–1997: Gerhard Koch, (1945-1999), Mayor, since 1. July 1976 Lord Mayor
1997–2005: Herbert Rösch, (born 1943), Lord Mayer
since 2005: Christof Bolay, (born 1968), Lord Mayor (SPD)
Culture
Ostfildern has a vibrant cultural life in music and theater area. The most famous theater group of the city are the sliding block. For events, the center of the hall in Nellingen has two concert halls and theaters, which were built in 1989 on the site of the old tram depot.
Buildings
Ostfildern has only a few historical buildings. In Nellingen district are still some buildings of the monastery square obtained, namely the provost, the old rectory of 1565 or the fruit box with gables.
The since the 1990s rising Scharnhauser Park often received awards for design and architecture. Award winners are the brick school by Arno Lederer, the children's house of Janson and Wolfrum and the point blocks of Kohlhoff and Kohlhoff. For the overall concept of the new district, Ostfildern won the Deutscher Städtebaupreis in 2006.
Also the Koersch Viaduct, inaugurated in 1995, is worth noting.
Established businesses
Economic importance has Ostfildern mainly as a printing and publishing city. Since the 1960s, the business location
Ostfildern has become a focus of the printing and publishing industry in the region. Well-known companies are Jan Thorbecke Verlag, MairDumont, Schwabenverlag, J.Fink Mediengruppe.
With the software manufacturer agorum Software, an IT company is based in Ostfildern. The company develops and distributes the open source document management system "Agorum core".
In addition, the machine industry is also present, like in the whole region.
Since 2003, the German Automobil Treuhand (DAT) residents in Scharnhauser Park.
Festo built in 2014 in the district Scharnhausen for 70 million euros a production facility with learning factory.
Twin towns - sister cities
Ostfildern is twinned with:
Bierawa, Poland
Hohenems, Austria
Mirandola, Italy
Montluel, France
Poltava, Ukraine
Reinach, Switzerland
Notable people
Philipp Matthäus Hahn (1739–1790), pastor and inventor
Reinhold Fritz (1884–1950), operatic bass-baritone
Ralph Bergmann (born 1970), national volleyball team
Cassandra Steen (born 1980), soul singer
Stefan Schumacher (born 1981), cyclist
Manuel Späth (born 1985), handball player
References
External links
History of Nellingen Kaserne
Esslingen (district)
Württemberg
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5382421
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campinas%20Brazil%20Temple
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Campinas Brazil Temple
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The Campinas Brazil Temple, in Campinas, São Paulo, is the 111th operating temple of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church).
The temple was the fourth to be built in Brazil.
History
The first Mormon missionaries arrived in Brazil in the 1920s. Most of the early converts in Brazil were German immigrants coming to Brazil after World War I. In 1931, the 80 members of the small branch near São Paulo built the first LDS meetinghouse in Brazil. During World War II Mormon missionaries were removed from Brazil, but when missionaries returned after the war Brazilian natives began joining the church by the hundreds. Church membership in Brazil continues to grow quickly. The Campinas Temple serves more than 117,000 members from 36 stakes in the area. Brazil is home to more Latter-day Saints than any other country in the world, except the United States and Mexico. Plans to build the Campinas Brazil Temple were announced on April 3, 1997.
A groundbreaking ceremony and site dedication were held on May 1, 1998. It was presided over by James E. Faust a member of the First Presidency, who had served as a missionary in Brazil in the 1940s. The temple site has . The site is on a hill overlooking the 1 million-population city of Campinas and can easily be seen from all around. The temple has a total area of , which includes four ordinance rooms and three sealing rooms. Hundreds of people came for the groundbreaking ceremony and site dedication.
The temple was open to the public April 20, 2002 through May 11, 2002. Tens of thousands of people were able to take a tour through the temple and learn more about its sacred importance. LDS Church president Gordon B. Hinckley dedicated the Campinas Brazil Temple on May 17, 2002. Four sessions were held which allowed thousands to attend the dedication. Before the dedication, Hinckley met with a large group outside and the final cornerstone was placed in the temple. The construction was then officially completed.
In 2020, the Campinas Brazil Temple was closed temporarily during the year in response to the coronavirus pandemic.
See also
Comparison of temples of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
List of temples of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
List of temples of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints by geographic region
Temple architecture (Latter-day Saints)
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Brazil
References
External links
Official Campinas Brazil Temple page
Campinas Brazil Temple at ChurchofJesusChristTemples.org
21st-century Latter Day Saint temples
Religious buildings and structures in São Paulo (state)
Buildings and structures in Campinas
Temples (LDS Church) completed in 2002
Temples (LDS Church) in Brazil
2002 establishments in Brazil
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5382443
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free%20for%20All%20%28album%29
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Free for All (album)
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Free for All is a jazz album by Art Blakey & the Jazz Messengers released on Blue Note. Recorded in February 1964, it was released the following year. It was originally titled "Free Fall".
The Allmusic review by Al Campbell awards the album 4 stars and states " This edition of the Jazz Messengers had been together since 1961 with a lineup that would be hard to beat: Freddie Hubbard on trumpet... Wayne Shorter on tenor sax, Curtis Fuller on trombone, Cedar Walton on piano, and Reggie Workman on bass. Shorter's title track is one of the finest moments in the Jazz Messengers' history."
Composition
Freddie Hubbard's composition "The Core" is dedicated to the CORE (Congress of Racial Equality) and expresses "Hubbard's admiration of that organization’s persistence and resourcefulness in its work for total, meaningful equality." "They're getting", he explains, "at the core, at the center of the kinds of change that have to take place before this society is really open to everyone. And more than any other group, CORE is getting to youth, and that's where the center of change is." The piece was called that way also because Hubbard thought that the musicians "got at some of the core of jazz – the basic feelings and rhythms that are at the foundation of music."
"Pensativa" was composed by Fischer, but was arranged by Hubbard for the occasion: "I was playing a gig in Long Island", he recalls, "and the pianist started playing it. The mood got me, this feeling of a pensive woman. And the melody was so beautiful that, after I'd gotten home, I couldn't get it out of my mind."
The album was intended to have featured three more tunes, Shorter's "Eva" and two vocals by Wellington Blakey, Blakey's cousin. These were attempted, but no valid takes were recorded. Additionally, the musicians tried a second take of "Free for All", included for the first time ever on the limited 2014 Japanese SHM-CD; an attempt that producer Lion had to stop because Blakey's drums broke, according to his log. Indeed, said alternate take is three minutes shorter.
Track listing
Original vinyl
2014 Blue Note SHM-CD Remaster Edition (Japan Release)
Personnel
Art Blakey – drums
Freddie Hubbard – trumpet
Curtis Fuller – trombone
Wayne Shorter – tenor saxophone
Cedar Walton – piano
Reggie Workman – bass
References
Art Blakey albums
The Jazz Messengers albums
1964 albums
Blue Note Records albums
Albums produced by Alfred Lion
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5382449
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Catholic%20University%20of%20America%20buildings
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List of Catholic University of America buildings
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The following is a list of buildings at the Catholic University of America. As with most college campuses, classes of many different fields are taught in most of the buildings; the list of buildings below is not meant to be exhaustive, but is the primary building for those courses.
South Campus Buildings
Conaty Hall - Demolished March 2011 (property redeveloped as part of Monroe Street Market)
Saint Bonaventure Hall - Demolished December 2007 (property redeveloped as part of Monroe Street Market)
Spalding Hall - Demolished March 2011 (property redeveloped as part of Monroe Street Market)
Spellman Hall - Demolished March 2011 (property redeveloped as part of Monroe Street Market)
Theological College - University Seminary
Central Campus Buildings
Caldwell Hall (originally known as Divinity Hall)- This was the original building of the university, built in 1888. Caldwell Hall currently serves as the location of the School of Canon Law, the School of Theology and Religious Studies, and the offices of the University Chaplain and Campus Ministry. Caldwell Hall also has housing for graduate and undergraduate students.
Elizabeth Ann Seton Wing of Caldwell Hall is the mixed housing wing for undergraduate and graduate women.
The House is housing for Campus Ministry student ministers.
Centennial Village is housing for undergraduates, and contains the following houses:
Camalier House
Engelhard House
McDonald House (Upperclassmen Residential College)
Quinn House
Reardon House
Unanue House (Freshmen Residential College)
Walton House
Columbus School of Law
Edward M. Crough Center for Architectural Studies (School of Architecture and Planning); originally Brookland Gymnasium.
Gibbons Hall contains the Center for the Study of Culture and Values, the Intensive English Program, classrooms, and housing for undergraduates.
Gowan Hall is the main building of the School of Nursing.
Hannan Hall is the location of the Department of Physics, the Vitreous State Laboratory, and Herzfeld Auditorium.
Gilbert V. Hartke Theatre includes Callan Theatre, the Lab Theatre, and the offices of the Department of Drama.
Leahy Hall - Originally built for the Columbus School of Law, Leahy Hall is the chief administrative building of the university, with offices for the departments of Public Safety, Human Resources, Finance and Budget, CUA Press, and the Office of the General Counsel.
Maloney Hall once housed the Department of Chemistry. It is currently the home of the Busch School of Business and Economics.
McCort-Ward Hall houses classrooms and offices for the Department of Biology and the School of Nursing.
McGivney Hall (formerly Keane Hall) serves as the home for the North American campus of the Pontifical John Paul II Institute for Studies on Marriage and Family.
McMahon Hall is the second-oldest building on campus. McMahon Hall contains the offices of the Provost, Graduate Studies, Undergraduate Studies, Undergraduate Advising, Career and Academic Services, the Institute for Policy Research and Catholic Studies, the School of Arts and Sciences, the Department of Modern Languages and Linguistics, the Department of Greek and Latin, and the University post office.
The John K. Mullen of Denver Memorial Library is the University's main library. It houses over 500,000 bound volumes on-site and serves as the home of the Semitics/ICOR Library, the Oliveira Lima Library, and the Rare Books collections. Mullen Library provides a variety of spaces to accommodate collaborative and individual learning and provides technologies which support the use of library resources. Related academic units which provide tutoring services here include the Center for Academic and Career Success, the Math Center and the Writing Center.
Nursing-Biology Building
O'Connell Hall (formerly Cardinal Hall and University Center West & East) houses University Admissions, Enrollment Management, Enrollment Services, and Student Financial Services. O'Connell Hall is named for the Most Rev. David M. O'Connell, 14th president of the university and Bishop of Trenton (NJ). It was originally built by the Knights of Columbus and was known as Graduate Hall when it housed the Knights of Columbus fellows.
Pangborn Hall contains the offices and classrooms of the School of Engineering and the Metropolitan School of Professional Studies.
Edward J. Pryzbyla University Center is the student center for CUA. It contains the offices for the Dean of Students, dining services, disability support services, and various student organizations. "The Pryz" also contains the student cafeteria, a food court, the campus Starbucks, a convenience store, and various meeting spaces.
Salve Regina Hall is used by the Department of Art for various art studios.
Shahan Hall holds the main offices and classrooms for the National Catholic School of Social Service.
Ward Hall contains the offices, classrooms, recital halls and performance halls for the Benjamin T. Rome School of Music, Drama, and Art.
Former Central Campus Buildings
Albert Hall (also known as Keane Hall). The first residence building along Michigan Avenue, Albert Hall was demolished in 1970.
Brookland Stadium was located in the lawn area between the Edward J. Pryzbyla University Center and the Columbus School of Law. The remnants of the stadium's bleachers can be found in the sloped areas surrounding the lawn.
Magner House was demolished in fall 2019 to make way for a new dining hall.
Visitors Information Center (formerly a bank) was demolished in Spring 2008.
North Campus Buildings
Aquinas Hall (formerly Life Cycle Institute) contains the main offices and classrooms of the School of Philosophy. Aquinas Hall also houses the departments of Mathematics and Sociology, and the University Archives.
Curley Hall is the main priests' residence of the university. It sits on land once used as Edward L. Killion Field, an athletic field named in honor of an alumnus who died in World War I.
Raymond A. DuFour Athletic Center has a pool, gym, playing fields, and fitness center. The DuFour Center is the university's main intercollegiate athletics facility, and is the location of Cardinal Stadium.
Grounds Maintenance Complex
Flather Hall is housing for undergraduate students.
Eugene I. Kane Student Health and Fitness Center holds the university's infirmary and student gymnasium.
Marist Hall formerly contained offices and classrooms for the Departments of Anthropology, English, History, Media Studies, Politics, and Sociology, as well as the Center for Medieval and Byzantine Studies. Marist Hall also housed the Office of Marketing and Communications. The building was closed in 2016 over safety concerns and structural issues connected to the building's shifting foundation.
Marist Hall Annex is the location of University Facilities Management and the Office of Ethics and Compliance, as well as the Department of English and Department of History.
Millennium Hall (North and South) holds apartments and suites for juniors, seniors, and graduate students.
Nugent Hall is the office and private residence of the University President.
O'Boyle Hall contains the Counseling Center and offices of the Departments of Education and Psychology.
Opus Hall is a 7-story residence hall.
Regan Hall houses students from the University Honors program.
Ryan Hall is housing for undergraduate students.
University Chapel of St. Vincent de Paul is the main chapel for Catholic Masses and periodic music recitals.
Buildings Adjacent to Campus
The Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception, the largest Catholic church in the United States and North America, one of the ten largest churches in the world, and the tallest habitable building in Washington, D.C., was built on land donated by The Catholic University of America in 1913.
The Dominican House of Studies is located directly across from O'Connell Hall, and is often associated with the university, as some of the Dominican friars in residence at the Priory of the Immaculate Conception are enrolled at CUA.
References
External links
Campus Map
Virtual Campus Tour and Interactive Map
Catholic University of America
Catholic University of America
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5382471
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobias%20Sch%C3%B6nenberg
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Tobias Schönenberg
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Tobias Schönenberg (born 17 August 1986 in Hagen, West Germany) is a German actor and film director.
In 2003, Tobias began earning money as a photomodel. He had always planned to study medicine, but a year and a half later, his career took off when he was offered a part in the German television soap Verbotene Liebe (Forbidden love), which has been running on the national television network Das Erste (The first) since 1995.
Tobias made his debut on 15 April 2005 as Paul Brandner, the handsome teenager with green eyes and blond hair, who is every woman's dream man. Paul, the adopted son of Susanne Brandner, finds himself in the midst of several troubled love triangles.
In 2010, Tobias starred alongside his twin brother Stefan in Florian Gottschick's Twins, a short film that explores how the eponymous twins' incestuous sexual relationship influences and is influenced by one of the twins' impending nuptials.
His surname, Schönenberg, aptly means ‘beautiful mountain’.
Actor-filmography
2003: Sein oder Träumen («Be or dreaming»), short film
2005: Unser Charly («Our Charly»), family series
2005–2007: Verbotene Liebe («Forbidden love»), soap opera
2008: 112 – Sie retten dein Leben («112 – They save your life»), soap opera
External links
official homepage (German)
site of agency (German)
German male soap opera actors
German male television actors
1986 births
Living people
People from Hagen
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5382486
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loimata%20Iupati
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Loimata Iupati
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Loimata Iupati is a senior administrator and educator from the Pacific territory of Tokelau.
Iupati is the resident director of education of Tokelau. This is geographically a series of Pacific atolls which collectively form a territory of New Zealand.
In 1996 Iupati was part of a team appointed to translate the Bible into Tokelauan. This language is a Polynesian one, akin to Samoan and intelligible to speakers of Tuvaluan.
References
Translators of the Bible into Polynesian languages
Tokelauan politicians
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Translators from English
Translators to Tokelauan
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5382500
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biorhexistasy
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Biorhexistasy
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The theory of biorhexistasy describes climatic conditions necessary for periods of soil formation (pedogenesis) separated by periods of soil erosion. Proposed by pedologist Henry Erhart in 1951, the theory defines two climatic phases: biostasy and rhexistasy.
Biostasy
During biostasy, abundant and regular precipitation induces strong pedogenesis characterized by chemical alteration of parent material and intensified eluviation and illuviation of soil minerals within the surface soil and subsoil layers (the solum). These processes contribute to the formation of eluvial and argillic horizons and an increased concentration of iron oxides, aluminum oxides, and other sesquioxides in the subsoil. Climatic conditions favor a vegetative cover which protects the soil from physical erosion but abundant rainfall results in the loss of mineral ions and increased concentration of those minerals in receiving bodies of water. Abundant marine calcium results in limestone formation.
Rhexistasy
During rhexistasy (from rhexein, to break) the protective vegetative cover is reduced or eliminated as a result of a drier climate. Rainfall intensity is higher. The drier climate slows pedogenesis and soils no longer contribute the limestone building mineral components that characterize biostasy. Unprotected by thick vegetation or deep soils, wind acts to expose subsoil to erosion and rock to physical weathering. Freeze-thaw acts to increase the production of coarse detrital materials. The intensity of punctuating rainfall events during rhexistasy results in erosion, and the accumulation of sand and silt as sedimentary layers. During rhexistasy, the dominance of chemical weathering that characterizes biostasy is replaced by the dominance of physical weathering.
During the Pleistocene epoch, the periods of glaciation are considered to be periods of rhexistasy and the interglacial are considered periods of biostasy.
Current use
The theory of biorhexistasy is used in various capacities:
to discuss the potential for man to affect either rhexistasy-like or biostasy-like environments, and what to expect from those environments,
to explain the role of extreme events in erosion at a site recovering from disturbance, and
to evaluate speleothems for insight into paleoclimatic and biopedological conditions at the land surface.
See also
Land degradation
Soil production function
References
Further reading
Pedology
Sedimentology
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5382519
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shavehead
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Shavehead
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Shavehead (born ca. 1800, date of death unknown) was a 19th-century Potawatomi chief.
Shavehead received his name because he shaved the front part of his head, as was the Potawatomi custom. He was not bald, however, having a long braid of hair from the back of his head.
His exact dates of birth and death remain unknown. He was, however, active as a Potawatomi chief and warrior in the first quarter of the 19th century in Cass County, Michigan.
Shavehead had a reputation as a warrior, and was feared both by other Native Americans and whites. He took part in the Battle of Fort Dearborn in Chicago in the War of 1812. Shavehead particularly disliked the incursions of white settlers, and attacked several mail stages on the Chicago Road through southwestern Michigan. Under his direction, the Potawatomis set up a camp at the St. Joseph River near Mottville, Michigan where they collected payment for ferry boats passing through their territory. His handling of those on the mail stages and those on the ferries who did not pay were severe. Shavehead boasted that he owned a string on which hung 99 white men's tongues (although no proof exists of this and this was probably an exaggeration). What is documented is that he showed scalps to white men in an attempt to discourage their entry into Potawatami lands.
Several rumors exist regarding the manner of Shavehead's death. None of them can be proven. One popular tale is that a veteran of the Fort Dearborn Massacre recognized the chief and killed him as the chief was boasting of his role in the battle. Another popular tale is that he was killed by a white hunter whom the chief had befriended.
The most probable story is that he died of old age and was buried in the forests of Cass County.
While the details of his death are thus the subject of legend, what is more substantial is that white settlers severed his head after his death. In 1899, the skull was added to a pioneer collection in Van Buren County, Michigan.
Both Shavehead Lake and Shavehead Prairie near Porter Township, Michigan in Cass County are named after Shavehead.
References
"Shavehead" in "Pottawatomie Indian Chiefs and Leaders" http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/pottawatomie/pottawatomiechiefs.htm
"Shavehead" in "WALDLANDINDIANER IM NORDOSTEN" https://web.archive.org/web/20060627105348/http://www.indianer-scout.de/id892.htm (in German only)
Native American leaders
People from Cass County, Michigan
Potawatomi people
1800s births
Year of death unknown
Native American people from Michigan
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4045168
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese%20yam
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Chinese yam
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Dioscorea polystachya or Chinese yam (), also called cinnamon-vine, is a species of flowering plant in the yam family. It is sometimes called Chinese potato or by its Korean name ma.
It is a perennial climbing vine, native to East Asia. The edible tubers are cultivated largely in Asia and sometimes used in alternative medicine. This species of yam is unique as the tubers can be eaten raw.
Range
This plant grows throughout East Asia. It is believed to have been introduced to Japan in the 17th century or earlier. Introduced to the United States as early as the 19th century for culinary and cultural uses, it is now considered an invasive plant species. The plant was introduced to Europe in the 19th century during the European Potato Failure, where cultivation continues to this day for the Asian food market.
Taxonomy
The botanical names Dioscorea opposita and Dioscorea oppositifolia have been consistently misapplied to Chinese yam. The name D. opposita is now an accepted synonym of D. oppositifolia. Botanical works that point out the error may list, e.g., Dioscorea opposita auct. as a synonym of D. polystachya. Furthermore, neither D. oppositifolia nor the prior D. opposita have been found growing in North America and have no historical range in China or East Asia, this grouping is native only to the subcontinent of India and should not be confused with Dioscorea polystachya.
Description
Dioscorea polystachya vines typically grow 3–5 meters long, but can be longer. They twine clockwise. The leaves are up to 11 centimeters long and wide. They are lobed at the base and larger ones may have lobed edges. The arrangement is variable; they may be alternately or oppositely arranged or borne in whorls.
In the leaf axils appear warty rounded bulbils under 2 centimeters long. The bulbils are sometimes informally referred to as "yam berries" or "yamberries".
New plants sprout from the bulbils or parts of them.
The flowers of Chinese yam are cinnamon-scented.
The plant produces one or more spindle-shaped or cylindrical tubers. The largest may weigh 10 pounds and grow one meter underground. Dioscorea polystachya is more tolerant to frost and cooler climates than other yams, which is attributed to its successful introductions and establishment on many continents.
Common names
In Chinese it is known as shānyào (), huáishān ( or ), or huáishānyào ( or , i.e. the Huai Qing Fu () region). Rarely, it is also referred to as shǔyù (). The yam bulbils are referred to as shanyao dou () or shanyao dan ().
In Japan, three groups of this species in cultivation are recognized. The common long, cylindrical type is known as . The bears a flat, shape, and the is round or . The term is used particularly in the Kantō region for the ichōimo in the market, but this is confusing since traditionally yamatoimo has also referred to tsukuneimo, especially if produced in Yamato Province (now Nara Prefecture). Cultivars of this species (such as yamatoimo) is sometimes called "Japanese mountain yam", though that term should properly be reserved for the native Dioscorea japonica.
In Korea it is called ma (), sanu (), seoyeo (), or sanyak ().
In Sri Lanka in Sinhala it is called wal ala (). It is sometimes called Korean yam.
In Vietnam, the yam is called củ mài or khoai mài. When this yam is processed to become a medicine, the yam is called hoài sơn or tỳ giải.
In the Ilocano of the northern Philippines it is called tuge.
In Latin American countries it is known as white name or white ñame.
In Manipuri it is called as "Ha".
In alternative medicine
Creams and dietary supplements made from the related Dioscorea villosa are claimed to contain human hormones and promoted as a medicine for a variety of purposes, including cancer prevention and the treatment of Crohn's disease and whooping cough. However, according to the American Cancer Society, the claims are false and there is no evidence to support these substances being either safe or effective. Huáishān has also been used in traditional Chinese medicine.
As an invasive species
Dioscorea polystachya was introduced to the United States in the 1800s when it was planted as an ornamental or food crop. It and other introduced yam species now grow wild there. It is troublesome in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, where its range is "rapidly expanding", particularly into the Tennessee Valley where different native, hybrid and/or invasive non-native variants of morning glory and bindweed as well as invasive kudzu and dodder have all become problematic and are similar in appearance to the fast-moving and often mishandled tubers.
As Chinese yam and air potatoes continue to destroy entire swaths of gardens and yards though are not yet classified as invasive in these areas, residents seeking to eat the tuber plant their vines in unprotected land while residents seeking removal chop the tops off of vines at ground level and compost them or turn them into mulch for years before realizing this only makes their problem much worse and that no weed killers on the market, state recommended or otherwise do a decent job at ridding a garden or yard of this nuisance. The newest solution from Florida for people in Florida and surrounding states experiencing harm to their property and wishing a reprieve from these plant pests is to request free Air Potato Beetles. However, the beetles continue to elude Tennesseans due to various government regulations and the lack of others. It is most prevalent in moist habitat types. It is more tolerant of frost than other yams and can occur in temperate climates as far north as New York.
Uses
The tubers of D. polystachya can be eaten raw (grated or sliced), while most other yams must be cooked before consumption (due to harmful substances in the raw state).
First the skin needs to be removed by peeling (or by scraping off using a hard-bristled brush). This may cause a slight irritation to the hand, and wearing a latex glove is advised, but if an itch develops then lemon juice or vinegar may be applied.
The peeled whole tubers are briefly soaked in a vinegar-water solution, to neutralize irritant oxalate crystals found in their skin, and to prevent discoloration. The raw vegetable is starchy and bland, mucilaginous when cut or grated, and may be eaten plain as a side dish, or added to noodles, etc.
Japanese cuisine
In Japanese cuisine, both the Chinese yam cultivars and the Japanese yam (often wild foraged) are used interchangeably in dishes. The difference is that the nagaimo tends to be more watery, while the native Japanese yam is more viscous.
The is the mucilaginous purée made by grating varieties the Chinese yam (nagaimo, ichōimo, tsukuneimo) or the native Japanese yam. The classic Japanese culinary technique is to grate the yam by grinding it against the rough grooved surface of a suribachi, which is an earthenware mortar. Or the yam is first grated crudely using an oroshigane grater, and subsequently worked into a smoother paste in the suribachi using a wooden pestle.
The tororo is mixed with other ingredients that typically include tsuyu broth (soy sauce and dashi), sometimes wasabi or green onions, and eaten over rice or (steam-cooked blend of rice and barley).
The tororo poured over raw tuna (maguro) sliced into cubes is called yamakake, and eaten with soy sauce and wasabi.
The tororo may also be poured over noodles to make tororo udon/soba. Noodles with grated yam over it is also called yamakake.
Grated yam is also used as binding agent in the batter of okonomiyaki.
Sometimes the grated yam is used as an additive for making the skin of the manjū confection, in which case the product is called . The yam is also used in the making a regional confection called karukan, a specialty of the Kyūshū region.
Chinese cuisine
Chinese yam is referred to as shānyào () in Chinese and the tuber is consumed raw, steamed or deep-fried. It is added to savory soups, or can be sweetened with a berry sauce.
Korean cuisine
In Korea, there are two main types of Chinese yam: The straight, tube-shaped variant is called jangma (), while danma () refers to the variant, which grows shorter, cluster-like tubes. Both are used in cooking and the tubers are prepared in a variety of ways. They are most commonly consumed raw, after the skinned roots have been blended with water, milk or yogurt (occasionally with additional honey) to create a nourishing drink known as majeup () or "ma juice" (). Alternatively, the peeled tubers are cut into pieces and served—either raw, after cooking, steaming or frying, along with seasoning sauces.
Growing Chinese yam
The Chinese yam's growing cycle spans approximately one year, and should be planted between winter and spring. The traditional methods growing it are: using smaller tubers, top cut of bigger tubers or through cuttings of branches. The first two methods can produce 20 cm (7.8 in) long tubers and above. The latter produces smaller tubers (10 cm or 4 in) that are usually replanted for the next year.
Between 7 and 9 months of replanting Chinese yam tubers, their leaves start to get dry (a common fact in plants that grow tubers), which indicates that the tubers are ready for harvest. In home gardens generally only what will be consumed is harvested, with the rest left in the pot in moist soil.
See also
Yam (vegetable)
Dioscorea oppositifolia
Dioscorea villosa
Diosgenin
List of ineffective cancer treatments
Tremella fuciformis
References
Citations
Bibliography
External links
Walck, J. L., et al. (2010). Understanding the germination of bulbils from an ecological perspective: a case study on Chinese yam (Dioscorea polystachya). Ann Bot 106 (6): 945–955.
Plants for a Future. Dioscorea batatas
Center for Invasive Species and Ecosystem Health, Chinese yam Dioscorea polystachya Turcz.
Root vegetables
Yams (vegetable)
Dioscorea
Flora of Eastern Asia
Flora of China
Tropical agriculture
Plants described in 1837
Edible plants
Taxa named by Nikolai Turczaninow
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5382534
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goin%27%20Through%20Changes
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Goin' Through Changes
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Goin' Through Changes is the second and final album by Canadian band Zumpano. It was produced by Keith Cleversley and released in 1996 by Sub Pop. The album is available for listening online.
A video was made for the song "Behind the Beehive".
Critical reception
MusicHound Rock: The Essential Album Guide wrote that "the album, devoid of the occasional rawness that makes [Zumpano's] debut sound unfinished, is a masterpiece." Trouser Press called the album "another absolute delight," writing that it displays "more ambition, confidence and intuitive skill." Portland Mercury called it "a melancholy masterpiece that cemented Carl Newman's entrenchment in the mid-'60s piano pop cocktail lounge of the mind."
Track listing
"Behind the Beehive"
"Broca's Ways"
"Throwing Stars"
"Here's the Plan"
"The Only Reason Under the Sun"
"The Millionaire Poets"
"Let's Fight"
"It Doesn't Take a Genius"
"The Sylvia Hotel"
"Momentum"
"The Angel with the Good News"
"Some Sun"
References
1996 albums
Zumpano albums
Sub Pop albums
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4045190
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatnall%20School
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Tatnall School
|
The Tatnall School is a private college preparatory private school in unincorporated New Castle County, Delaware; it has a Wilmington postal address and is adjacent to, but not in, the Greenville census-designated place.
The school is for students from three years old through 12th grade. The school was founded as an all-girls school in 1930 by Frances Dorr Swift Tatnall at her home in downtown Wilmington, Delaware, and moved to its current location in 1952. Tatnall began to admit boys in 1952 (the class of 1964). The school's mascot is the hornet. Its motto is "Omnia in caritate", which means all things in love.
Accreditation
Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools
Memberships
National Association of Independent Schools
Delaware Association of Independent Schools
Association of Delaware Valley Independent Schools
National Association for College Admission Counseling
Potomac and Chesapeake Association for College Admissions Counseling
National Middle School Association
Sports
Tatnall competes as a member of the Delaware Independent School Conference in interscholastic sports such as cross country, field hockey, football, soccer, volleyball, cheerleading, basketball, ice hockey, swimming, wrestling, winter track, lacrosse, baseball, golf, tennis, and spring track. Tatnall is particularly strong in Football, Cross Country and Track and Field (winning 48 State Championships since 2003); field hockey, and boys' lacrosse (winning 6 of 22 state championships). The ice hockey team also won 3 consecutive DSHA state championships from 2008 to 2010. Tatnall's girls' cross country team has run in the National Championship 7 times since 2006 and placed third in the nation in fall 2008 and again in 2011. They have also finished fifth (2010), twelfth (2006), thirteenth (2007), and 14th (2009) The girls' cross country team has won the Division II State Championship thirteen years in a row and the boys' team has won ten total team titles. The field hockey team has made it to the DIAA state tournament the past two years, making it to the final four in the 2013 season. The hockey team has also won the 2018 Delaware state hockey championship.
Arts
Tatnall offers a variety of visual and performing arts programs, including photography, drawing, instrumental and vocal performance. In September 2017, Tatnall opened its 23,000 square foot Laird Performing Arts Center. The center boasts a 471-seat theater. Here, the Tatnall arts program puts on its annual Showcase advanced theater class and performance, now in its 48th year. One notable instructor is Wilson Somers, who is also a composer and performer; Somers was also a recipient of an Emmy award in 2000. Students at the school are required to participate in art programs, and have won numerous state awards throughout the years.
2008 election
Tatnall was a Delaware polling booth in the 2008 United States presidential election. Senator Joe Biden (a native Pennsylvanian but Delaware resident since 1953), who lives near the school, cast his vote in Tatnall's main lobby in that election cycle. Some of Joe Biden's grandchildren attend the school.
References
External links
Educational institutions established in 1930
Private elementary schools in Delaware
High schools in New Castle County, Delaware
Schools in New Castle County, Delaware
Private middle schools in Delaware
Private high schools in Delaware
Private K-12 schools in the United States
1930 establishments in Delaware
Girls' schools in the United States
History of women in Delaware
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4045247
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertillon
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Bertillon
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Bertillon is a French surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Alphonse Bertillon (1853–1914), French police officer and biometrics researcher
Jacques Bertillon (1851–1922), French statistician and demographer
Louis Bertillon (1821–1883), French statistician and demographer
See also
Bertillonage
French-language surnames
French families
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5382536
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rochester%20Products%20Division
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Rochester Products Division
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Rochester Products Division (RPD) was a division of General Motors that manufactured carburetors, and related components including emissions control devices and cruise control systems in Rochester, New York. In 1995 Rochester became part of Delphi, which in turn became a separate company four years later, and continues to manufacture fuel injection systems in Rochester, now part of General Motors Automotive Components Holdings- Rochester Operations.
History
The company began as the Rochester Coil Company founded by Edward A. Halbleib in 1908, becoming the North East Electric Company the following year. In 1916 the company was located at 348 Whitney Street, Rochester.
In 1929 Alfred P. Sloan announced the acquisition of the company on behalf of General Motors. "For some years this Company has been an outstanding manufacturer of starters, ignition systems and other electrical equipment." "It was consolidated with GM's former Delco-Light Company in 1930 and later renamed Delco Appliance Division." In 1937 Rochester Products was founded, planned as a second plant for Delco Appliance, but achieving Division status by 1939. In 1953 an advertisement in Life stated: "Rochester builds original equipment carburetors for Chevrolet starting with 1950, Oldsmobile from 1949 and Cadillac from 1951. Also, Rochester supplies replacement carburetors for Chevrolets from 1932." Rochester also supplied Pontiac, while using the Power Jet name in the replacement market.
In 1952 the Oregonian reported: "Automobile cigarette lighters produced by the Rochester Automotive products division of General Motors are tested to reach a temperature of 1400 degrees in no less than 10 and no more than 12 seconds."
The 2G (later 2GC and 2GV) carburetor, commonly called the 2 Jet, was introduced in 1955, and continued to be used on GM V8s until at least 1969. In all, it was used in at least 125 applications, including the Brockway's inline six. In 1957 Chevrolet introduced their first fuel-injected engine, the Rochester Ramjet high-performance option on Corvette and passenger cars at $484. In 1956 Oldsmobile were also experimenting with Rochester fuel injection, at the GM desert proving grounds near Phoenix, but offered the Rochester triple-carburetor J2 option for 1957.
The company is best known for the Quadrajet carburetor, which was originally designed in the 1960s and remained in production, with modifications to meet progressively tightening exhaust emission limits, into the 1980s. The Quadrajet became computer controlled in 1980 in California and in 1981 in the rest of the states; its last application was on the 1990 Cadillac Brougham and 1990 full size GM station wagons with the Olds 307 engine. RPD was a pioneer in fuel injection systems in road cars in the 1980s. In addition to carburetors, Rochester also made various emissions control equipment such as charcoal canisters and EGR valves, which found use in GM vehicles as well as those from other makes. Other products made at this plant were locks and keys as well as steel tubing for both vehicular and non-vehicular applications. The last major carburetor design by Rochester was the Varajet II, essentially a Quadrajet halved lengthwise, and was one of the few successful progressive 2-barrel carburetors. It was installed on 4- and 6-cylinder engines from 1979 to 1986.
In 1981, Rochester Products and Diesel Equipment Division merged in what was publicly described as a cost-cutting move. At this time RPD had about 7,000 employees, and DED had about 3,300 employees. DED had plants in Grand Rapids, Michigan.
The headquarters remained in Rochester.
In 1988, the diesel fuel injection business was sold to Penske Transportation, and Rochester Products and AC Spark Plug merged.
In 1994, the Grand Rapids operations of AC Rochester were spun off.
See also
Delco Electronics
Detroit Diesel
Harrison Radiator Corporation
Holley Performance Products, a competitor
Remy International, Inc. (formerly Delco Remy)
References
Auto parts suppliers of the United States
Manufacturing companies based in Rochester, New York
Manufacturing companies established in 1908
1908 establishments in New York (state)
General Motors factories
Carburetor manufacturers
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4045252
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Outrage
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The Outrage
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The Outrage is a 1964 American Western film directed by Martin Ritt and starring Paul Newman, Laurence Harvey, Claire Bloom, Edward G. Robinson and William Shatner. It is a remake of Akira Kurosawa's 1950 Japanese film Rashomon, based on stories by Ryūnosuke Akutagawa. Like Kurosawa's film, four people give contradictory accounts of a rape and murder. Ritt utilizes flashbacks to provide these contradictory accounts.
Plot
Three disparate travelers — a disillusioned preacher, an unsuccessful prospector, and a larcenous, cynical con man — meet at a decrepit railroad station in the 1870s Southwest United States. The prospector and the preacher were witnesses at the rape and murder trial of the notorious bandit Juan Carrasco. The bandit duped an aristocratic Southerner, Colonel Wakefield, into believing he knew the location of a lost Aztec treasure. While the greedy "gentleman" was bound to a tree and gagged, Carrasco assaulted his wife Nina. These events lead to the stabbing of the husband. Carrasco was tried, convicted, and condemned for the crimes.
Everyone's account on the witness stand differed dramatically. Carrasco claimed that Wakefield was tied up with ropes while Nina was assaulted, after which he killed the colonel in a duel. The newlywed wife contends that she was the one who killed her husband because he accused her of leading on Carrasco and causing the rape. The dead man "testifies" through a third witness, an old Indian shaman, who said that neither of those accounts was true. The shaman insists that the colonel used a jeweled dagger to commit suicide after the incident.
There was a fourth witness, the prospector, one with a completely new view of what actually took place. But can his version be trusted?
Cast
Paul Newman as Juan Carrasco
Laurence Harvey as Colonel Wakefield
Claire Bloom as Nina Wakefield
Edward G. Robinson as Con Man
William Shatner as Preacher
Howard Da Silva as Prospector
Albert Salmi as Sheriff
Thomas Chalmers as Judge
Paul Fix as Indian
Home media
The Outrage was released to DVD by Warner Home Video on February 17, 2009 in a Region 1 widescreen DVD.
See also
List of American films of 1964
The Outrage (2011 film)
References
External links
1964 films
1964 Western (genre) films
Adaptations of works by Akira Kurosawa
American Western (genre) films
1960s English-language films
Films scored by Alex North
Films about rape in the United States
Films directed by Martin Ritt
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer films
American remakes of Japanese films
Films based on adaptations
Films based on short fiction
Films based on works by Ryūnosuke Akutagawa
1960s American films
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5382538
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asunci%C3%B3n%20Paraguay%20Temple
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Asunción Paraguay Temple
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The Asunción Paraguay Temple is the 112th operating temple of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church).
Although there were already eleven other dedicated temples in South America, the Asunción Temple was the first temple to be built in Paraguay. The Asunción Temple will serve more than 68,000 members in the area.
History
In 1949 Paraguay was officially opened to Mormon missionaries under the mission headquartered in Uruguay. In 1977 Paraguay became its own mission area and soon after converts to the LDS Church began to increase. The average number of baptisms per year in Paraguay up to that time had been just over 200. In the year following the announcement 400 people were baptized into the church. On April 2, 2000 an announcement was made that the LDS Church was planning to build a temple in Paraguay. At the time the temple was announced, there were approximately 152,000 church members in Paraguay.
On February 3, 2001 the site for the Asunción Paraguay Temple was dedicated and a groundbreaking ceremony was held. Despite it being a rainy, cloudy day, many members came to be a part of the building of the temple. An open house was held from May 4–11, 2002. This allowed both church members and those not of the faith to see the inside of the temple and learn more about what takes place inside. On Sunday May 19, 2002 four dedicatory sessions were held, with LDS Church president Gordon B. Hinckley offering the dedicatory prayer. The temple has a total of , two ordinance rooms, and two sealing rooms.
On April 10, 2017 the LDS Church announced that the temple would close in November 2017 for renovations that were anticipated to be completed in 2019. Following completion of the renovations in 2019, a public open house was held from October 12 through 19 (except for Sunday, the 13th). The temple was rededicated on November 3, 2019, by D. Todd Christofferson.
In 2020, the Asunción Paraguay Temple was closed temporarily during the year in response to the coronavirus pandemic.
See also
Comparison of temples of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
List of temples of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
List of temples of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints by geographic region
Temple architecture (Latter-day Saints)
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Paraguay
References
External links
Official Asunción Paraguay Temple page
Asunción Paraguay Temple at ChurchofJesusChristTemples.org
21st-century Latter Day Saint temples
Buildings and structures in Asunción
Temples (LDS Church) completed in 2002
Temples (LDS Church) in Latin America
Temples (LDS Church) in South America
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Paraguay
2002 establishments in Paraguay
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5382541
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20R.%20Young%20%28Pennsylvania%20politician%29
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James R. Young (Pennsylvania politician)
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James Rankin Young (March 10, 1847 – December 18, 1924) was a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania. He was the younger brother of fellow journalist John Russell Young.
Early life
James R. Young was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He enlisted in the Union Army in June 1863 in the Thirty-second Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry. He was one of the founders of the Philadelphia Evening Star in 1866. He attended all of the Republican National Conventions from 1864 through 1908. He served as chief of the Washington bureau of the New York Tribune from June 1866 to December 1870. He was chief executive clerk of the United States Senate from December 1873 to March 1879 and again from December 1883 to April 1892. In between he was Chief Clerk of the Department of Justice from September 1882 to December 1883.
United States House of Representatives
He was elected in 1896 as a Republican to the 55th United States Congress. He was the Chairman of the United States House Committee on Expenditures in the War Department in the 57th United States Congress. He became superintendent of the Dead Letter Office of the Post Office Department from 1905 to 1913, and superintendent of the postal savings depository in Philadelphia until 1915. He was a resident of Washington, D.C., until his death. He was interred at Glenwood Cemetery in Washington, D.C.
See also
References
Retrieved on 2008-02-14
The Political Graveyard
1847 births
1924 deaths
American newspaper founders
New-York Tribune personnel
People of Pennsylvania in the American Civil War
Politicians from Philadelphia
Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Pennsylvania
Union Army soldiers
Burials at Glenwood Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)
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4045253
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House%20of%20Horrors
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House of Horrors
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House of Horrors is a 1946 American horror film released by Universal Pictures, starring Rondo Hatton as a madman named "The Creeper".
Plot
Struggling sculptor Marcel De Lange (Martin Kosleck) is depressed about events in his life, and decides to commit suicide. Just as he is about to kill himself, he sees a madman, known as "The Creeper" (Rondo Hatton), in the process of drowning, and saves him. Taking the disfigured man into his care, he makes him the subject of his next sculpture and calls it his best creation. When critics denigrate Marcel's work, he has the Creeper start killing them. Marcel becomes obsessed with Joan, a beautiful female reporter who believes the deaths are related. When Marcel invites her over and she sees Marcel's sculpture of The Creeper, she suspects that Marcel knows the killer. Later, Marcel decides that Joan knows too much and commands The Creeper to kill her. The Creeper is reluctant to do so, however, when he discovers that Marcel plans to turn him over to the police. The Creeper kills Marcel, and is about to kill Joan when he is shot by the police.
Cast
Production
On November 8, 1944, an article in The Hollywood Reporter stated that producer Ben Pivar was relieved of all his lower-budget films on his shooting schedule and was going to focus on a larger budget film featuring new horror characters. This included a series featuring actor Rondo Hatton as "The Creeper". The authors of Universal Horrors suggested this report of a higher budget was either fabricated or the state of the production changed when House of Horrors was developed, it did not have a larger budget than the average Universal B-film production.
Initial shooting for House of Horrors began on September 11. Initially Kent Taylor was selected to play the part of Police Lt. Larry Brooks, but on the fourth day of production, before he was shot in any scenes, he was replaced by Bill Goodwin. Taylor stated years later that he did play the role in the film, but disliked how the picture exploited actor Rondo Hatton, and demanded to be taken off the film. The assistant director's daily reports suggest that this story was a lie, stating that Goodwin was the only person to play Brooks on set. Actress Virginia Christine recalled her brief role in the film, stating "I needed the money [laughs] – all actors need money!". Her only other recollection of the film was that to get a cat to follow her, they put anchovies or sardines on the back of her heel. The scene with the cat is not in the final film. Martin Kosleck was asked to audition for the role while on the Universal lot. He received the script to study during the lunch hour for an audition, and was offered the part immediately after. Kosleck was particularly proud of his performance in the film, stating he received fan mail for it and he "loved that part". Filming ended on September 25, 1945.
Release
House of Horrors was shown in New York on February 22, 1946 and received wider release by Universal Pictures on March 29.
A series of Creeper films was planned, and the second one, The Brute Man, was filmed in 1946. Hatton died of complications from acromegaly before either film was released.
House of Horrors was released on DVD by the Willette Acquisition Corp. on Sep 27, 2013. It was released on blu-ray by Shout! Factory on March 17, 2020 as the fourth volume in their "Universal Horror Collection". The set also included Night Key, Night Monster and The Climax.
Reception
From contemporary reviews, many critics commented on Rondo Hatton, with George H. Spires stating that his "Neanderthal features suffice without the aid of make up [...] and his ape-like appearance on the screen brings a gasp to the audience" while Edmond J. Bartnett of The New York Times said Hatton was "properly scary". Otis L. Guernsey, Jr. of The New York Herald-Tribune found The Creeper to be "not in the best of taste". As for the picture overall, a reviewer in Harrison's Reports stated that "little about the proceedings to horrify one unless the fact that murders are committed by a half-witted giant can be considered horrendous rather than unpleasant".
From retrospective reviews, the authors of the book Universal Horrors found that despite Rondo Hatton's acting and characters in the film being cliches, House of Horrors "rates as the best shocker in this last grap of Universal Horrors. It boasts creepy, atmospheric, film-noirish settings, evocative camerawork and is seldom dull". In Leonard Maltin's film guide, the film was awarded two out of four stars, criticizing the script as "laughable" and moderate acting, calling it "[a] slightly below average horror meller".
See also
List of Universal Pictures films (1940–1949)
List of horror films of the 1930s
References
Footnotes
Sources
External links
1946 films
1946 horror films
1940s serial killer films
American black-and-white films
Films directed by Jean Yarbrough
American monster movies
Universal Pictures films
Films scored by William Lava
1940s American films
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5382542
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senftenberg
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Senftenberg
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Senftenberg () is a town in Lower Lusatia, Brandenburg, Germany, capital of the Oberspreewald-Lausitz district.
Geography
Senftenberg is located in the southwest of the historic Lower Lusatia region at the border with Saxony. Its town centre is situated north of the river Black Elster and the artificial Senftenberger Lake, part of the Lusatian Lake District chain, approximately northwest of Hoyerswerda, and southwest of Cottbus.
Senftenberg station is north of the centre and a major railway freight yard is located to its north-east, with a locomotive depot.
History
Senftenberg was first mentioned in a 1279 deed issued by Henry III the Illustrious of Wettin, then margrave of Lusatia. With Lower Lusatia, the settlement was acquired by the Kingdom of Bohemia under Charles IV of Luxembourg in 1368. Elector Frederick II of Saxony acquired Senftenberg in 1448, whereafter the area as a border stronghold of the House of Wettin was separated from Bohemian Lusatia, until in 1635 all Lusatian territories fell to Saxony by the Peace of Prague. According to the 1815 Congress of Vienna, Lower Lusatia was annexed by Prussia and incorporated into the Province of Brandenburg. From 1952 to 1990, it was part of the Bezirk Cottbus of East Germany.
Names
Lake Senftenberg
Lake Senftenberg is a popular tourist destination. In 1973, the former open cast mine, was officially opened to the public. Today, the lake is known for its excellent water quality. It is part of the so-called Lusatian Lakeland, a group of 23 artificial lakes.
Demography
After the second half of the 19th century the inhabitants increased because of workers coming to Senftenberg to work in the coal mines. After the German Reunion, many inhabitants moved to the western part of Germany.
Sports
In Senftenberg is the soccer club FSV Glückauf Brieske-Senftenberg.
Twin towns – sister cities
Senftenberg is twinned with:
Fresagrandinaria, Italy
Nowa Sól, Poland
Püttlingen, Germany
Saint-Michel-sur-Orge, France
Senftenberg, Austria
Veszprém, Hungary
Žamberk, Czech Republic
Notable people
Hermann Kuhnt (1850–1925), ophthalmologist
Herbert Windt (1894–1965), composer
Joachim Sauer (born 1949), chemist and professor
Gallery
References
External links
Populated places in Oberspreewald-Lausitz
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5382550
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KRSK
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KRSK
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KRSK (105.1 FM, "105.1 The Buzz") is a commercial radio station licensed to Molalla, Oregon, and broadcasting to the Portland metropolitan area. It is owned by Audacy, Inc. and airs a hot adult contemporary radio format. The station broadcasts in HD Radio. The HD-2 subchannel carries Audacy's "Channel Q" LGBTQ service.
KRSK's studios and offices are located in Portland's South Waterfront district on SW Bancroft Street. The transmitter site is in the city's West Hills, off NW Skyline Boulevard. KRSK has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 22,500 watts.
History
On July 3, 1970, KSLM-FM signed on the air. It was originally licensed to Salem, about south of Portland. It was owned by Oregon Radio, Inc. and was the FM counterpart of KSLM (now KZGD).
In 1973, it changed its call sign to KORI. In 1978, KORI changed call letters to KSKD and aired the automated "TM Stereo Rock" Top 40 music service as "Cascade 105". On March 7, 1986, KSKD changed call letters to KXYQ and aired a live and local Top 40 format as "Q-105", later switching to adult contemporary. On June 15, 1995, at 5 p.m., after a few hours of stunting, KXYQ changed its format to classic rock, branded as "Earth 105", with the call letters becoming KKRH on July 17, 1995.
Entercom (now Audacy) acquired the station in 1998 for $605,000. On June 5, 1998, at 5 p.m., KKRH began its current hot adult contemporary format as "Rosie 105." It changed its call letters to the current KRSK on August 28, 1998. In January 2000, the spelling changed to "Rosey 105" after a copyright lawsuit by Rosie O'Donnell.
On April 14, 2003, KRSK rebranded as "105.1 The Buzz".
The station moved from Salem into the more lucrative Portland radio market in 2004. The city of license was changed to the Portland suburb of Molalla, and the transmitter was moved to Portland's West Hills.
In 2011, KRSK began adding more contemporary pop currents, moving the station in an Adult Top 40 direction.
HD Radio
KRSK broadcasts in the HD Radio format. In 2006, KRSK added an HD2 subcarrier to its transmitter. The HD-2 subchannel carried a comedy radio format. In July 2011, KRSK-HD2 switched to a blues format as "The Delta." On March 14, 2017, KRSK-HD2 flipped to the Radio Disney children's radio service. On June 1, 2018, KRSK-HD2 switched to a love songs/Soft AC format. In March 2019, KRSK-HD2 switched from love songs to LGBTQ talk/dance, branded as "Channel Q".
In June 2010, KRSK added an HD3 subchannel to its lineup, which broadcast ESPN Deportes Radio, a Spanish-language sports radio format, which would only last a couple of months. In August, it switched to ESPNews. That lasted until July 2011, when the HD3 subchannel was discontinued.
References
External links
RSK
Hot adult contemporary radio stations in the United States
Radio stations established in 1970
1970 establishments in Oregon
Audacy, Inc. radio stations
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4045254
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vampire%27s%20Kiss
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Vampire's Kiss
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Vampire's Kiss is a 1989 American black comedy horror film directed by Robert Bierman and written by Joseph Minion. Starring Nicolas Cage, María Conchita Alonso, Jennifer Beals, and Elizabeth Ashley, the film tells the story of a literary agent who falls in love with a vampiress. It was a box office failure but went on to become a cult film.
Plot
Peter Loew (Nicolas Cage) is a driven literary agent and an example of the stereotypical narcissistic and greedy yuppie of the 1980s: he works all day and club hops at night, with little in his life but alcohol, cocaine, one-night stands with numerous women, and the pursuit of money and supposed prestige. However, he is slowly going insane and sees a therapist (Elizabeth Ashley) frequently. During these sessions, his declining mental health becomes clear through a series of increasingly bizarre rants which eventually begin to scare the psychiatrist. After taking home a girl named Jackie (Kasi Lemmons) from a club, a bat flies in through his window, scaring them both. At his next session he mentions to his therapist that the struggle with the bat aroused him. While visiting an art museum with Jackie the next day, he ditches her, and she later leaves an angry message on his phone.
Loew meets Rachel (Jennifer Beals) at a night club, and seemingly takes her home. As they make love, she pins him down, exposing vampire fangs, and bites him on the neck. The following morning, Loew is seen with an uninjured neck, serving coffee and making conversation with a non-existent Rachel, casting doubt on the reality of the previous night's events.
Loew cuts his neck shaving and applies a bandage to the spot, thereafter believing it to be the location of his vampire bite. He soon believes that he is turning into a vampire. He fails to see his reflection in mirrors and wears dark sunglasses indoors. When his fangs fail to develop, he purchases a pair of cheap plastic novelty fangs. All the while, he has delusions of Rachel visiting him nightly to feed on his blood. Shortly after, Loew experiences severe mood swings and calls Jackie back apologetically, asking to meet her at a bar. As he is about to leave, a jealous Rachel appears and beckons him back inside. A dejected Jackie eventually leaves the bar and leaves an angry note on his door asking him to leave her alone.
Loew constantly torments a secretary working at his office named Alva Restrepo (María Conchita Alonso), typically by forcing her to search through an enormous paper file for a contract. When she fails to find the contract, he at first browbeats and humiliates her, then visits her at home and tricks her into returning to work, and finally attacks and attempts to bite her at the workplace after hours. She pulls out a gun, and Loew begs her to shoot him. Since it is only loaded with blanks, she fires at the floor to scare him off. He eventually overpowers her, ripping her shirt open, pinning her to the floor as he attempts to bite her neck, while hallucinating that she is Rachel. Afterwards, overcome by despair, he takes the gun and fires it into his mouth, but is not harmed, attributing it to his supposed transformation.
Thinking he is a vampire, Loew goes out to a club wearing his novelty fangs and moves around erratically like the character Orlok from the film Nosferatu with a crazed look in his eyes. He begins to seduce a woman, but when he gets too grabby she slaps him, making Loew even more unhinged. He overpowers her and bites her neck, having taken out the fangs and using his real teeth, leaving the woman unconscious and bloody. He hallucinates another encounter with a disdainful Rachel.
Afterwards, Loew encounters the real Rachel dancing with another man on the dance floor. She appears to recognize him, but gives the impression that they have not been in contact for a long time. Loew attempts to manhandle her into revealing her fangs as her date fights him off. He screams that he loves her and accuses her of being a vampire as he is dragged off and expelled from the club by security.
Alva wakes up with her shirt ripped open, possibly thinking she was raped, and eventually tells her brother Emilio (Bob Lujan) who is enraged and goes after Loew with Alva to seek revenge. Meanwhile, Loew is wandering the streets, disheveled in a blood-spattered business suit from the previous night, excitedly talking to himself. In a hallucinatory exchange on a street corner, he tells his therapist that he raped someone and also murdered someone else. A nearby newspaper headline confirms the latter, as the girl he bit on the neck in the club is pronounced dead. As Loew returns to his now-destroyed apartment, Alva points out Loew to Emilio, who then pursues him inside the apartment block with a tire iron.
In the midst of an abusive argument with an imaginary romantic interest (supposedly a patient of his psychiatrist) Loew begins to retch again from the blood he had swallowed, then crawls under his upturned sofa on the floor, as though it were a coffin. Emilio finds Loew and upturns the sofa. Loew holds a large broken piece of wood to his chest as a makeshift stake, repeating the gesture he had made earlier to strangers on the street when he had asked them to kill him. Emilio pushes down on the wood and it pierces Loew's chest in a gruesome manner. Emilio flees the apartment. As Loew dies, he envisions the vampiress Rachel staring at him one last time.
Cast
Nicolas Cage as Peter Loew, a literary critic whose outlandish descent into madness leaves him increasingly isolated and irritant. The role, originally given to Dennis Quaid, was then passed on to Cage after the former dropped out to do Innerspace.
María Conchita Alonso as Alva Restrepo, Secretary to Loew and constant victim to his rants and impatience.
Jennifer Beals as Rachel, the seductive vampire that initially haunts Loew and pushes him into his vampire-like state; but eventually falls in love with him. Cage and Beals reportedly did not get along on set with their friction most likely stemming from the part of Rachel not being cast to Cage's then-girlfriend, Patricia Arquette, and instead going to Beals.
Elizabeth Ashley as Dr. Glaser, the therapist of Loew's real world and imaginary, who listens to his recounts of sexual experiences.
Kasi Lemmons as Jackie, a romantic interest of Loew which he later stands up in favor of a night with Rachel.
Bob Lujan as Emilio Restrepo, the protective brother of Alva who supplies her with a gun and blank ammunition.
Jessica Lundy as Sharon
Johnny Walker as Donald (as John Walker)
Boris Leskin as Fantasy Cabbie
Michael Knowles as Andrew
John Michael Higgins as Ed
Jodie Markell as Joke Girl
Marc Coppola as Joke Guy
David Hyde Pierce as Theater Guy (as David Pierce)
Amy Stiller as Theater Girl
Christopher Sluka as Hanger Out
ESG in a cameo appearance
Production
Written "as darkly comic and deft as its bizarre premise," Joseph Minion wrote the film as he grappled with depression. In an interview with Zach Schonfeld of The Ringer, Minion said that while on vacation in Barbados with his then-girlfriend, Barbara Zitwer, he wrote the screenplay as a response to his "toxic relationship" with her. Dealing with themes of isolation, loneliness, and domination, Zitwer, who would come on as a producer for the film, found the final product to be "horrifying." The story was extremely emblematic of their relationship together and Minion's depiction of Zitwer as a "vampire and destroying him," was clear foreshadowing to their end of their relationship during production. Known previously for having written After Hours, directed by Martin Scorsese, Minion sought to keep the "grim view of the Manhattan nightlife," found in the aforementioned film central to his newest work.
Originally intent on taking the helm of directing the project, Minion soon gave the position up stating that the “darkness of it,” was too much for him to bear. Instead, the film was led by British newcomer Robert Bierman who held previous experience working on commercials and short films such as The Rocking Horse Winner (1983) and The Dumb Waiter (1979). This sudden departure however also prompted the then cast Nicolas Cage to drop out after his agent pressured him stating "this was not a good movie to make after Moonstruck." His departure was short lived however and Cage's "outrageously unbridled performance," was destined for the screen. Cage described the story as being about "a man whose loneliness and inability to find love literally drives him insane".
Going purposefully against the method acting technique, Cage "took a highly surrealistic approach" to Loew. Apart from his “pseudo-Trannsylvanian dialect,” scenes of Cage screaming the alphabet, eating cockroaches, and ranting "I'm a vampire!" shocked viewers and critics alike. The original script called for Loew to eat a raw egg but Cage decided a cockroach would be more effective claiming it would "shock the audience." This shock was further extended to a couple of real homeless people who Cage ran into on the streets of Manhattan as he pleaded with them to drive a stake through his heart as Bierman and crew shot from afar. Physicality played a central role in the creation of this character for Cage who in several terrifying scenes sought to see "how big [he] could get [his] eyes." This was then furthered with scenes of Cage jumping on tables, sprinting across the office, and many frantic hand gestures which he claims were "extremely choreographed."
While many such as Hal Hinson of The Washington Post criticized this style of "scorched-earth acting," it cemented the film as a cult classic and become the source of many internet memes.
Release
Vampire's Kiss was released June 2, 1989. It grossed $725,131 in the U.S. It was released on home video in August 1990. MGM released it on DVD in August 2002, and Scream Factory released it on Blu-ray in February 2015. It was subsequently re-released on Blu-Ray through the MVD Rewind label in June, 2022.
Reception
Vampire's Kiss was considered a commercial flop upon its initial release but has developed a cult following since that time. Rotten Tomatoes, a review aggregator, reports that 61% of 28 surveyed critics gave the film a positive review; the average rating is 5.80/10. The site's critical consensus reads: "He's a vampire! He's a vampire! He's a vampire!" Metacritic assigned the film a weighted average score of 31 out of 100, based on 10 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews".
Variety wrote, "Cage's over-the-top performance generates little sympathy for the character, so it’s tough to be interested in him as his personality disorder worsens." Caryn James of The New York Times wrote, "[T]he film is dominated and destroyed by Mr. Cage's chaotic, self-indulgent performance." Kevin Thomas of the Los Angeles Times called it "a sleek, outrageous dark comedy that's all the funnier for constantly teetering on the brink of sheer tastelessness and silliness." Hal Hinson of The Washington Post called the film "stone-dead bad, incoherently bad", but said that Cage's overacting must be seen to be believed. Carrie Rickey of The Philadelphia Inquirer called it an "imaginative, if warped, black comedy" that "succeeds as a wicked allegory of What Men Want". Reviewing the film on Blu-ray, Anthony Arrigo of Bloody Disgusting wrote, "The film may not work very well as a comedy, but there's enough of a dark derangement present to make it almost unsettling." Furthermore, Peter Travers from the Rolling Stone argues that the film doesn't need further criticism but rather “a stake through the heart.”
See also
Vampire film
References
External links
1989 films
1980s black comedy films
1980s comedy horror films
American black comedy films
American comedy horror films
Vampire comedy films
Films set in New York City
Films shot in New York City
Films set in the 1980s
Films scored by Colin Towns
1989 directorial debut films
1989 comedy films
American psychological horror films
American exploitation films
1980s English-language films
Films directed by Robert Bierman
1980s American films
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/What%27s%20Wrong%20with%20This%20Picture%3F%20%28Lee%20Harding%20album%29
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What's Wrong with This Picture? (Lee Harding album)
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What's Wrong with This Picture? is the debut studio album by the Australian Idol third season third-place finisher, Lee Harding.The album was released in February 2006 and peaked at number 3 on the ARIA Charts.
Track listing
"Wasabi" – 3:00
"Let's Not Go to Work" – 2:59
"Anything for You" – 3:02
"Just Another Love Song" – 4:01
"L Is for Loser" – 3:30
"Call the Nurse" – 3:43
"You Could Have Anyone" – 2:35
"Change the World" – 3:41
"Try Tonight" – 2:55
"Eye of the Tiger" – 2:45
Enhanced CD
"Wasabi" (Video)
Inside Wasabi (Behind the Scenes of the Video)
Inside Anything for You (Behind the Scenes of the Video)
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications
Release history
References
2006 debut albums
Lee Harding albums
Sony Music Australia albums
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4045269
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Place%20of%20the%20Lion
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The Place of the Lion
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The Place of the Lion is a work of supernatural fiction written by Charles Williams. The book was first published in 1931 by Victor Gollancz.
Summary
Platonic archetypes begin to manifest themselves outside a small Hertfordshire town, wreaking havoc and drawing to the surface the spiritual strengths and flaws of individual characters. Their focus is the home of Mr Berringer, the leader of a group interested in magical symbolism who falls into a coma after contact with the first archetype unloosed, the lion of the title. Other powers follow this one and cut off the town from the rest of the world that they will inevitably absorb and reshape. Among those overcome and destroyed by the raw powers they encounter are two members of the group, Mr Foster and Miss Wilmot, whose motivation is ultimately selfish. A chance visitor to the group, the academic author Damaris Tighe, narrowly escapes the same fate but is saved at the last moment by her cousin and fiancé, Anthony Durrant. She then sets out to locate Anthony’s friend, Quentin Sabot, who had been with Anthony when the lion first appeared and has now fled into the countryside, overcome with terror.
Meanwhile, with the help of another group member, Mr Richardson, who also has the inner strength to withstand the angelical archetypes, Anthony is enabled to understand the process that has been unleashed by Berringer. Together they plan to counter it and reverse the threat. Its next phase has already started and some of the town’s buildings begin to collapse as Berringer’s house is swallowed in a column of unquenchable flame. Armed with the secret names of the archetypes from a grimoire, Anthony summons them back to their point of focus while Richardson neutralizes the fire by walking into it.
Critical reception
T. S. Eliot described Williams' novels in this genre as "supernatural thrillers". J.R.R. Tolkien and C.S. Lewis had found the book inspirational and it is often cited as a major work that altered their own writings and helped them both become novelists. Anthony Boucher and J. Francis McComas, in their survey of fantasy fiction, called The Place of the Lion "one of the most daringly conceived and stunningly visualized of all Williams’ novels". Similarly, for Glen Cavaliero in his study of Williams' work, "plot, themes and literary treatment coalesce in an artistic unity that makes The Place of the Lion the most technically flawless of the novels, and thus a more satifyingly integrated fable than its predecessors". Over the years the novel has been the subject of a number of other academic studies.
References
External links
Project Gutenberg of Australia (text version)
Supernatural fiction
Victor Gollancz Ltd books
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4045276
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden-fronted%20bowerbird
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Golden-fronted bowerbird
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The golden-fronted bowerbird (Amblyornis flavifrons) is a medium-sized, approximately 24 cm long, brown bowerbird. The male is rufous brown with an elongated golden crest extending from its golden forehead, dark grey feet and buffish yellow underparts. The female is an unadorned olive brown bird.
An Indonesian endemic, the male builds a tower-like "maypole-type" bower decorated with colored fruit.
Originally described in 1895 based on trade skins, this elusive bird remained a mystery for nearly a hundred years, until 31 January 1981 when the American ornithologist Jared Diamond discovered the home ground of the golden-fronted bowerbird at the Foja Mountains in the Papua province of Indonesia.
In December 2005, an international team of eleven scientists from the United States, Australia and Indonesia led by Bruce Beehler traveled to the unexplored areas of Foja Mountains and took the first photographs of the bird.
References
External links
BirdLife Species Factsheet
[Category:Amblyornis|golden-fronted bowerbird]]
Birds of Western New Guinea
golden-fronted bowerbird
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