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54780966_0_0
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54780966
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katharina%20Steinruck
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Katharina Steinruck
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Katharina Steinruck.
Katharina Steinruck (née Heinig; born 22 August 1989) is a German long distance runner. She competed in the women's marathon at the 2017 World Championships in Athletics.
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54780970_0_0
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54780970
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernadette%20Modell
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Bernadette Modell
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Bernadette Modell.
Professor Bernadette Modell (born 1 August 1935 in London) is a British geneticist, specialising in the study of thalassaemia.
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54780970_0_1
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54780970
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernadette%20Modell
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Bernadette Modell
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Bernadette Modell.
Modell attended a convent school, and then graduated in zoology, with genetics and embryology from the University of Oxford, in 1955. She then undertook a doctorate in developmental biology at Cambridge University, qualifying in 1959. She next studied medicine at Cambridge and at University College Hospital, qualifying in 1964.
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54780970_0_2
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54780970
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernadette%20Modell
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Bernadette Modell
|
Bernadette Modell.
She spent the remainder of her career at University College London and at University College London Hospitals, mainly working on the treatment and prevention of thalassaemia major and retiring in 2000, after which she became Emeritus Professor of Community Genetics at UCL's Centre for Health Informatics and Multiprofessional Education.
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54780970_0_3
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54780970
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernadette%20Modell
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Bernadette Modell
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Bernadette Modell.
She also served as Director of the World Health Organization's Collaborating Centre for Community Control of Hereditary Disorders.
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54780970_0_4
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54780970
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernadette%20Modell
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Bernadette Modell
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Bernadette Modell.
She is both a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians (FRCP) and a Fellow of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (FRCOG).
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54780970_0_5
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54780970
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernadette%20Modell
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Bernadette Modell
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Bernadette Modell. Selected papers
Modell B, Khan M, Darlison M (2000). "Survival in β-thalassaemia major in the UK: data from the UK Thalassaemia Register." Lancet;355(9220): 2051–2.
Modell B, Darlison M (2008). "Global epidemiology of haemoglobin disorders and derived service indicators." Bulletin of the World Health Organization;86:480–7.
Modell B, Darlison MW, Lawn JE (2018). "Historical overview of development in methods to estimate burden of disease due to congenital disorders." Journal of Community Genetics;9(4):341–5.
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54780970_1_0
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54780970
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernadette%20Modell
|
Bernadette Modell
|
Bernadette Modell. 1935 births
Living people
British geneticists
Alumni of the University of Oxford
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
Academics of University College London
World Health Organization officials
Fellows of the Royal College of Physicians
Fellows of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
British officials of the United Nations
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54780977_0_0
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54780977
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan%20Freeman%20%28cinematographer%29
|
Jonathan Freeman (cinematographer)
|
Jonathan Freeman (cinematographer).
Jonathan Freeman, is a Canadian cinematographer. A multi-award-winning director of photography for motion pictures, television and commercials, he is known for his work on Game of Thrones and Boardwalk Empire. Freeman's motion picture credits include Remember Me, Fifty Dead Men Walking, The Edge of Love, Hollywoodland and The Prize Winner of Defiance, Ohio. He frequently collaborates with directors Allen Coulter, Ernest Dickerson, David Nutter, and Russell Mulcahy
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54780977_0_1
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54780977
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan%20Freeman%20%28cinematographer%29
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Jonathan Freeman (cinematographer)
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Jonathan Freeman (cinematographer). Early life
Freeman was born in Toronto, Ontario, Canada to a mother who was a fine art painter. As an adult, he moved to New York City.
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54780977_0_2
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54780977
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan%20Freeman%20%28cinematographer%29
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Jonathan Freeman (cinematographer)
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Jonathan Freeman (cinematographer). Career
Freeman was a director of photography on Game of Thrones and shot multiple episodes of Boardwalk Empire. His other television credits include historical drama Rome, the Steven Spielberg-produced miniseries Taken and pilots for the long-running TV series Ray Donovan, Sons of Anarchy and Damages.
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54780977_0_3
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54780977
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan%20Freeman%20%28cinematographer%29
|
Jonathan Freeman (cinematographer)
|
Jonathan Freeman (cinematographer).
Among the motion picture projects that Freeman photographed are the romantic drama Remember Me, starring Robert Pattinson; IRA thriller Fifty Dead Men Walking, with Ben Kingsley; Dylan Thomas drama The Edge of Love, starring Keira Knightley and Sienna Miller; crime mystery Hollywoodland, with Ben Affleck; and the 1950s-set biopic The Prize Winner of Defiance, Ohio, starring Julianne Moore.
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54780977_0_4
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54780977
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan%20Freeman%20%28cinematographer%29
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Jonathan Freeman (cinematographer)
|
Jonathan Freeman (cinematographer).
In addition to feature films and TV, Freeman also shoots commercials.
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54780977_0_5
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54780977
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan%20Freeman%20%28cinematographer%29
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Jonathan Freeman (cinematographer)
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Jonathan Freeman (cinematographer).
Freeman is a member of the American Society of Cinematographers (ASC).
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54780977_0_6
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54780977
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan%20Freeman%20%28cinematographer%29
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Jonathan Freeman (cinematographer)
|
Jonathan Freeman (cinematographer). Awards
Freeman has earned a total of five ASC Awards and three Emmy Awards for his work on Game of Thrones, Boardwalk Empire and others. He garnered the first of eight ASC nominations for his cinematography on Prince Street and won his first ASC Award for Homeland Security.
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54781077_0_0
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54781077
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20F.%20O%27Donnell
|
John F. O'Donnell
|
John F. O'Donnell.
John F. O'Donnell (died 1993) was an Irish-born 20th-Century American "leading labor lawyer" who represented the national Transport Workers Union (TWU) (now Transport Workers Union of America) and American Postal Workers Union (APWU) and also "played a central role in New York City's transit strikes" from the 1930s to the 1980s.
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54781077_1_0
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54781077
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20F.%20O%27Donnell
|
John F. O'Donnell
|
John F. O'Donnell. Background
O'Donnell was born in Donegal, Ireland. He had four brothers and three sisters. His support for the Irish Republican Army led to run-ins with British authorities, so he moved to New York City at age 20.
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54781077_1_1
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54781077
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20F.%20O%27Donnell
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John F. O'Donnell
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John F. O'Donnell. Background
He studied first at City College of New York (CCNY) and then earned a law degree from Fordham University in 1937. He attended night classes. By day, he worked variously as elevator operator, grocery clerk, teacher of delinquents, and editorial writer for The Irish Echo.
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54781077_2_0
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54781077
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20F.%20O%27Donnell
|
John F. O'Donnell
|
John F. O'Donnell. Career
In the 1930s, O'Donnell became aide and friend to (then) City Councilman Michael J. Quill, who went on to co-found the Transport Workers Union and became its president.
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54781077_2_1
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54781077
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20F.%20O%27Donnell
|
John F. O'Donnell
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John F. O'Donnell. Career
In the Fall of 1938, O'Donnell was a Socialist Party of America candidate for what was then the Sixth District of The Bronx.
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54781077_3_0
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54781077
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20F.%20O%27Donnell
|
John F. O'Donnell
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John F. O'Donnell. O'Donnell & Schwartz
In 1948 he and Asher Schwartz formed a law partnership in Manhattan (and in 1981 formed an affiliated law firm in Washington), for labor law and union clients.
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54781077_3_1
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54781077
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20F.%20O%27Donnell
|
John F. O'Donnell
|
John F. O'Donnell. O'Donnell & Schwartz
Over the years, he partook in many "tense" transit negotiations, including the 11-day 1980 New York City transit strike.
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54781077_3_2
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54781077
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20F.%20O%27Donnell
|
John F. O'Donnell
|
John F. O'Donnell. O'Donnell & Schwartz
In 1990, O'Donnell was still serving as general counsel to the Transport Workers Union, as indicated in his letter of December 18, 1990, to the New York Times, in which he voiced support for a strike by the New York Daily News "wholeheartedly."
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54781077_4_0
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54781077
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20F.%20O%27Donnell
|
John F. O'Donnell
|
John F. O'Donnell. Clients
O'Donnell served as general counsel for the Transport Workers Union from 1948. He also served as top lawyer for the American Postal Workers Union. Other clients included: International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers - Utilities Division - Local 3, Communications Workers of America - Locals 1101 and 1105, and Retail, Wholesale and Department Store Workers Union - Local 1S. (Schwartz served as counsel to the Newspaper and Mail Deliverers Union of New York and vicinity.)
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54781077_5_0
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54781077
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20F.%20O%27Donnell
|
John F. O'Donnell
|
John F. O'Donnell. Successes for the firm included:
1950: Helped win $1.1 million in back pay for workers on the old Third Avenue Railway.
1953: Helped win a five-day, 40-hour work week in a 28-day strike of eight bus lines.
1980: Helped win TWU a 9% raise in first year and 8% in second year, plus cost-of-living adjustment
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54781077_6_0
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54781077
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20F.%20O%27Donnell
|
John F. O'Donnell
|
John F. O'Donnell. See 1980 New York City transit strike
As chief counsel, O'Donnell represented Local 100 of the Transport Workers Union during negotiations with the New York Transit Authority when Ed Koch was mayor of New York City. The strike had grown out of problems unresolved in the 1970s, largely over wages and the right (or not) to strike at all.
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54781077_7_0
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54781077
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20F.%20O%27Donnell
|
John F. O'Donnell
|
John F. O'Donnell. During the strike, O'Donnell stated:
(The TWU's "no contract no work policy") isn't set in concrete. The union has to adopt to changing circumstances and a changing world. The no contract, no work policy was adopted at a time when we had a lot of private employers and it never was carried out in every instance ... (Still), we would have as much right to strike as before.
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54781077_7_1
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54781077
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20F.%20O%27Donnell
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John F. O'Donnell
|
John F. O'Donnell. During the strike, O'Donnell stated:
He also noted that TWU had never held any "right" to strike because, in New York, strikes by public employees are illegal. (Partner Schwartz also addressed the issue of right to strike by public employees and to collective bargaining.)
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54781077_8_0
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54781077
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20F.%20O%27Donnell
|
John F. O'Donnell
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John F. O'Donnell. Members
In 1972, members of the law firm included: O'Donnell, partner Ashter W. Schwartz, Michael Klein, Robert J. Dryfoos, George Maxwell, Sylvan Schwartz, Elaine LoSquadro, Joan Siegel, Nancy Harber, and Phyllis Longhi
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54781077_8_1
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54781077
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20F.%20O%27Donnell
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John F. O'Donnell
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John F. O'Donnell. Members
Another member was Manlio DiPreta, who started his career with O'Donnell & Schwartz and negotiated three key contracts with New York's Transit Authority in the 1990s.
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54781077_9_0
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54781077
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20F.%20O%27Donnell
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John F. O'Donnell
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John F. O'Donnell. Personal and death
O'Donnell married Gwendolyn Large. They had one son and three daughters.
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54781077_9_1
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54781077
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20F.%20O%27Donnell
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John F. O'Donnell
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John F. O'Donnell. Personal and death
"Mr. O'Donnell was known among labor insiders for his gargantuan cigars, Irish brogue, meticulous preparation and articulate presentation," reported the New York Times at his time of death.
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54781077_9_2
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54781077
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20F.%20O%27Donnell
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John F. O'Donnell
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John F. O'Donnell. Personal and death
He died of cancer at Northern Westchester Hospital in Mount Kisco, New York, on January 28, 1993. His wife Gwynne died in 2004.
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54781077_10_0
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54781077
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20F.%20O%27Donnell
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John F. O'Donnell
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John F. O'Donnell. Legacy
Theodore W. Kheel, labor mediator, said of O'Donnell: "Some people specialize in problems, but he always was looking for the solutions."
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54781077_11_0
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54781077
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20F.%20O%27Donnell
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John F. O'Donnell
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John F. O'Donnell. External sources
Tamiment Library: Guide to the Transport Workers Union of America Records WAG.235
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54781077_11_1
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54781077
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20F.%20O%27Donnell
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John F. O'Donnell
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John F. O'Donnell. 1993 deaths
20th-century American lawyers
Irish emigrants to the United States
American labor lawyers
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54781086_0_0
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54781086
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monika%20Athare
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Monika Athare
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Monika Athare.
Monika Athare (born 26 March 1992) is an Indian long distance runner. She competed in the women's marathon at the 2017 World Championships in Athletics.
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54781101_0_0
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54781101
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletics%20at%20the%201992%20Summer%20Paralympics%20%E2%80%93%20Men%27s%20discus%20throw%20B2
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Athletics at the 1992 Summer Paralympics – Men's discus throw B2
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Athletics at the 1992 Summer Paralympics – Men's discus throw B2.
The Men's discus throw B2 was a field event in athletics at the 1992 Summer Paralympics, for visually impaired athletes.
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54781124_0_0
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54781124
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuka%20Ando
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Yuka Ando
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Yuka Ando.
is a Japanese long distance runner. She competed in the women's marathon at the 2017 World Championships in Athletics.
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54781124_1_0
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54781124
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuka%20Ando
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Yuka Ando
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Yuka Ando. 1994 births
Living people
Japanese female long-distance runners
Japanese female marathon runners
World Athletics Championships athletes for Japan
Place of birth missing (living people)
Athletes (track and field) at the 2020 Summer Olympics
Olympic athletes of Japan
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54781169_0_0
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54781169
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mao%20Kiyota
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Mao Kiyota
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Mao Kiyota.
is a Japanese long distance runner. She competed in the women's marathon at the 2017 World Championships in Athletics.
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54781179_0_0
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54781179
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betty%20Farrally
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Betty Farrally
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Betty Farrally.
Betty Farrally (May 5, 1915 – April 9, 1989) was an English-born Canadian dancer, educator and ballet director. She was co-founder of the Royal Winnipeg Ballet.
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54781179_0_1
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54781179
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betty%20Farrally
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Betty Farrally
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Betty Farrally.
The daughter of Arthur Hey and Ada Sugden, she was born Betty Hey in Bradford in 1915 and studied Revived Greek Dance, national dance and ballroom dance. She was educated at Harrogate Ladies' College. She studied dance at the Torch School of Dance in Leeds with Gweneth Lloyd. She came to Winnipeg with Lloyd in 1938. The two established a dance studio, the Canadian School of Ballet, and founded a dance company, the Winnipeg Ballet Club, later the Royal Winnipeg Ballet. Farrally became the club's Principal Dancer and Ballet Mistress and continued to perform until 1950. She then was Artistic Director for the company from 1950 until 1957. Farrally and Lloyd moved to Kelowna, British Columbia, in 1957, where the two founded a branch of the Canadian School of Ballet. Farrally served as Ballet Mistress there until her retirement in 1974. She also served as co-director, with Arnold Spohr, and then artistic advisor, of the Dance Division at the Banff Centre after Lloyd's retirement in 1967.
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54781179_0_2
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54781179
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betty%20Farrally
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Betty Farrally
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Betty Farrally.
She married John Hudson Farrally in 1942. Her husband was killed in 1945 and Farrally remarried Ken Ripley for a brief time in 1949.
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54781179_0_3
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54781179
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betty%20Farrally
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Betty Farrally
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Betty Farrally.
Farrally received a fellowship award from the Royal Academy of Dance in 1979. She was named an Officer in the Order of Canada in 1981. In 1984, she received the Dance in Canada award.
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54781179_0_4
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54781179
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betty%20Farrally
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Betty Farrally
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Betty Farrally.
Farrally died in Kelowna at the age of 73 in 1989. She received the Canadian Conference of the Arts Diplome d'honneur posthumously in May the same year.
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54781201_0_0
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54781201
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yelena%20Nanaziashvili
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Yelena Nanaziashvili
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Yelena Nanaziashvili.
Yelena Nanaziashvili (born 23 January 1981) is a Kazakhstani long distance runner. She competed in the women's marathon at the 2017 World Championships in Athletics.
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54781204_0_0
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54781204
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pediatric%20Allergy%20and%20Immunology
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Pediatric Allergy and Immunology
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Pediatric Allergy and Immunology.
Pediatric Allergy and Immunology is a peer-reviewed medical journal covering immunology and allergy as they relate to pediatrics. It was established in 1990 and is published eight times per year by John Wiley & Sons. It is the official journal of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. The editor-in-chief is Philippe Eigenmann. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 6.377, ranking it 6th out of 28 journals in the category "Allergy".
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54781257_0_0
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54781257
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galbadrakhyn%20Khishigsaikhan
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Galbadrakhyn Khishigsaikhan
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Galbadrakhyn Khishigsaikhan.
Galbadrakhyn Khishigsaikhan (born 28 August 1990) is a Mongolian long distance runner. She competed in the women's marathon at the 2017 World Championships in Athletics. In 2019, she competed in the women's marathon at the 2019 World Athletics Championships held in Doha, Qatar. She finished in 25th place.
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54781261_0_0
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54781261
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletics%20at%20the%201992%20Summer%20Paralympics%20%E2%80%93%20Men%27s%20discus%20throw%20B3
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Athletics at the 1992 Summer Paralympics – Men's discus throw B3
|
Athletics at the 1992 Summer Paralympics – Men's discus throw B3.
The Men's discus throw B3 was a field event in athletics at the 1992 Summer Paralympics, for visually impaired athletes.
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54781284_0_0
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54781284
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lavinia%20Haitope
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Lavinia Haitope
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Lavinia Haitope.
Lavinia Haitope (born 3 March 1990) is a Namibian long distance runner. She competed in the women's marathon at the 2017 World Championships in Athletics.
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54781284_0_1
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54781284
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lavinia%20Haitope
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Lavinia Haitope
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Lavinia Haitope.
In 2018, she competed in the women's marathon at the 2018 Commonwealth Games held in Gold Coast, Australia. She finished in 7th place. In 2019, she competed in the senior women's race at the 2019 IAAF World Cross Country Championships held in Aarhus, Denmark. She finished in 52nd place. In 2019, she also represented Namibia at the 2019 African Beach Games held in Sal, Cape Verde and she won the silver medal in the women's half marathon.
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54781328_0_0
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54781328
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pachycondyla%20succinea
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Pachycondyla succinea
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Pachycondyla succinea.
Pachycondyla succinea is an extinct species of ant in the formicid subfamily Ponerinae described from fossils found in Europe. P. petrosa is one of three middle Eocene Pachycondyla species found in Baltic amber.
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54781328_0_1
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54781328
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pachycondyla%20succinea
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Pachycondyla succinea
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Pachycondyla succinea. History and classification
When described Pachycondyla succinea was known only from three queen fossils which were fossilized as inclusions in transparent chunks of Baltic amber which are now presumed lost. Additional queens have since been found in Baltic, Rovno, and Scandinavian amber. Males were later identified from Baltic and Bitterfeld ambers.
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54781328_0_2
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54781328
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pachycondyla%20succinea
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Pachycondyla succinea
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Pachycondyla succinea.
Baltic amber is approximately forty six million years old, having been deposited during Lutetian stage of the Middle Eocene. There is debate on what plant family the amber was produced by, with macrofossil and microfossil evidence suggesting a Pinus relative, while chemical and spectroscopic evidence suggests Agathis or Sciadopitys. The paleoenvironment of the Eocene Baltic forests where the P. eocenicum lived was that of humid temperate to subtropical islands. The forests were composed of mostly Quercus and Pinus species, while the lower sections of the forests had paratropical plant elements, such as palms. Rovno amber, recovered from deposits in the Rivne region of Ukraine, is slightly younger in age, being dated to the Bartonian to Priabonian of the Late Eocene. Bitterfeld amber is recovered from coal deposits in the Saxony area of Germany and the dating of the deposits is uncertain. Bitterfeld represents a section of the Eocene Paratethys Sea, and the amber that is recovered from the region is thought to be redeposited from older sediments. The fossil record of Bitterfeld and Baltic amber insects is very similar with a number of shared species, and that similarity is noted in the suggestions of a single source for the paleoforest that produced the amber. The amber deposits on the Danish coast, often referred to as Scandinavian amber, is of similar age to the other three European ambers, however a study of the ant fauna published in 2009 indicates Scandinavian amber has a fairly distinct ant assemblage.
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54781328_0_3
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54781328
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pachycondyla%20succinea
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Pachycondyla succinea
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Pachycondyla succinea.
The species was first described in 1868 by Austrian entomologist Gustav Mayr based on three queens. He named the species and placed it into the genus Ponera as Ponera succinea. The species was redescribed in 1915 by William Morton Wheeler based on a group of 21 queens, including one of Mayrs three original syntypes. Based on the queens examined, Wheeler moved the species to the genus Euponera as Euponera (Trachymesopus) succinea. The placement was unchanged until 1995 when Euponera was synonymized with Pachycondyla by Barry Bolton. Pachycondyla was split into a number of genera in 2014 with most of the extant species being placed into other genera, but a series of fossil species including P. succinea were not moved. Schmidt and Shattuck in the revision of the genus noted that many of the fossil species were not moved due to specimens not being examined by them, and that the placement of the species was "undoubtedly incorrect". Males of the species were first formally described in 2009, based on specimens preserved in Baltic and Bitterfeld ambers.
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54781328_0_4
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54781328
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pachycondyla%20succinea
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Pachycondyla succinea
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Pachycondyla succinea.
P. succinea is one of three Pachycondyla species described from Baltic amber, the other two being P. baltica and P. gracillicornis. In addition to these species, one species is known from Rovno amber, P. conservata, and one species is known from Bitterfeld amber, P. tristis.
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54781328_1_0
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54781328
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pachycondyla%20succinea
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Pachycondyla succinea
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Pachycondyla succinea. Description
The queens have a body length of , with dense pitting along all of the body excluding the gaster, which is smooth. There are hairs spread evenly over the body with a mix of decumbent, erect, and partially erect hairs. The flat laying and partially erect hairs of the gaster are longer than the space between adjacent hairs. The head is rectangular in outline with distinctly developed rear corners, a concave rear margin, and small distinct ocelli. The compound eyes, slightly bulged out with oval outlines, are placed far forward on the head, shortening the gena to shorter than the eye diameter. The antennae are composed of 12 segments, with the basal and tip segments longer than wide, while the rest are shorter than wide. The bottom most segment, the scape, is longer than the other antenna segments, but does not reach the rear edge of the head. There are six teeth on the chewing face of the mandibles, and no external tooth on the outer margin.
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54781328_1_1
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54781328
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pachycondyla%20succinea
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Pachycondyla succinea
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Pachycondyla succinea. Description
The males are smaller than the queens, with a total body length between and an overall shiny exoskeleton. There are longitudinal ridges on the propodeum sides, while the petiole is smooth. There is dense pitting on the head and sparser pitting is present on the gaster and mesosoma. Many upright hairs are found on the gaster, petiole scale, upper surface of the mesosoma, and on the head. Decumbent hairs are present over the whole exoskeleton, showing most distinctly on the gaster, where the hairs are "several times" longer than that of the spacing between each hair. The head is rounded in outline, with a convex rear edge and no distinct rear corners, but instead has a slight expansion of the anterior section and no frontal ridges are present. The eyes are kidney shaped, slightly bulging, and large, placed far forward on the head. The ocelli are also large, but smaller than the distance between each of the three.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izabela%20Paszkiewicz
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Izabela Paszkiewicz
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Izabela Paszkiewicz.
Izabela Paszkiewicz ( Trzaskalska, born 9 January 1988) is a Polish long-distance runner. She competed in the women's marathon at the 2017 World Championships in Athletics.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaeological%20Park%20of%20Dion
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Archaeological Park of Dion
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Archaeological Park of Dion.
The Archaeological Park of Dion is the most important archaeological site at Mount Olympus in Greece, located in Dion (Greek: Δίον). In the area comprised by the Archaeological Park of Dion, sanctuaries were found from the Hellenistic and Roman periods. The park displays the importance of ancient Dion in the history of Pieria.
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Archaeological Park of Dion
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Archaeological Park of Dion. Location
Dion is located at the north-east foot of Mount Olympus. It is five kilometers from the sea, 15 kilometers from Katerini and 17 kilometers from the ancient Leivithra. In Hellenistic times the distance to the sea was only 1.5 kilometers. Dion is connected with the Thermaean Gulf by the once navigable river Baphyras.
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Archaeological Park of Dion
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Archaeological Park of Dion. The Archaeological Park
The park has an area of 150 hectares, of which nearly 50 hectares belong to the urban area and 50 hectares to the sanctuaries. The other area has not yet been explored archaeologically. In the former urban area residential buildings, a market square, public buildings, churches, bathhouses, shops, workshops and toilets have been found. The sanctuaries, the theaters and the cemetery are located outside the city
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Archaeological Park of Dion
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Archaeological Park of Dion. The Archaeological Museum
Half a kilometer west of the archaeological park, in the modern village of Dion, is the archaeological museum, built in 1983. Here the finds of ancient Dion and other archaeological places are exhibited. On the first floor there are also exhibits from Pydna and other archaeological sites of Pieria. In a small cinema, visitors will be audiovisual informed about Dion.
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Archaeological Park of Dion
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Archaeological Park of Dion. The Archaeotheke
The building was erected directly behind the museum on the western side, specifically for the exhibition of the Dionysos mosaic. On the upper floor, a gallery is arranged around the mosaic so that the visitor can view it from all perspectives. In showcases recently found exhibits are displayed.
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Archaeological Park of Dion
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Archaeological Park of Dion. History
424 v. Thucydides mentions Dion as the first city reached by the Spartan general Brasidas, coming from Thessaly (Tempi) in Macedonia. Pausanias mentioned Dion as one of the places at Orpheus had lived.
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Archaeological Park of Dion
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Archaeological Park of Dion. The Archaeological Park
In the Hellenistic period, Dion became the religious center of Macedonia. Zeus was venerated here, and Olympic games were held in honor of Zeus and the Muses. The village of Dion gained a certain importance within Greece through the sanctuary and over time developed into a city. Alexander the Great sacrificed to Zeus in Dion before he began his campaign against the Persians. Later, he had 25 bronze statues of the cavaliers fallen in the Battle of the Cranicos, erected in the Zeus Olympios Shrine. In the year 219 BC, the city was destroyed by the Aitolians. Philipp V had the city rebuilt immediately. The Romans took the city 169 BC. Gradually, Roman settlers came to Dion and brought their officialdom, their units of measurement and weight units with them. In the course of the changing owners, more sanctuaries were built. After the middle of the 3rd century AD, the decline started by the raids of neighboring tribes, earthquakes and floods. In the fourth century AD, Dion (Dium) experienced a last flourishing when it became the official seat of a bishop. The place is last mentioned as an administrative district of the Byzantine emperor Constantinos Porphyrogennetos in the 10th century.
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Archaeological Park of Dion
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Archaeological Park of Dion. Recent history
At the end of the 18th century, the French consul Felix de Beaujour visited ancient Dion without knowing the ancient site that was abandoned and covered with the remains of buildings and columns.
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Archaeological Park of Dion
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Archaeological Park of Dion. Recent history
In December 1806 the ancient Dion was rediscovered by the English explorer William M. Leake. He identified the ruins of ancient Dion near the village of Melathria, a small village inhabited by farmers and cattle breeders (Melathria was later renamed Dion). He recognized under the vegetation the ancient Hellenistic theater, the stadium and parts of the city wall. The French archaeologist Léon Heuzey confirmed the discovery in 1855. He mapped parts of the city wall, found the foundations of some towers and noted the inscriptions of some tombstones.
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Archaeological Park of Dion
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Archaeological Park of Dion. Recent history
From 1912, the year of the liberation of Macedonia by the Ottomans, the ancient Dion was given more attention. The archaeologist G. P. Oikonomos collected and published all the inscriptions he found in the vicinity of Dion.
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Archaeological Park of Dion
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Archaeological Park of Dion. Recent history
The Rector of the University of Thessaloniki and Professor of Archeology, Georgios Sotiriadis, began with the first excavations. They began in June 1928 with the aim of finding the sanctuary of Zeus Olympios. He found and examined several of the tumuli within the city walls. Also, a basilica from early Christian times was discovered. The assumption that a temple was under the basilica proved to be deceptive after which one had dug five meters deep. The most important find of this first period of excavation was a Macedonian vault from the 4th century BC, Which had already been plundered by grave-robbers in ancient times. The excavations were discontinued in 1931.
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Archaeological Park of Dion
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Archaeological Park of Dion. Recent history
Charalambos Makaronas found a second Macedonian grave in 1955. A third grave was discovered a year later.
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Archaeological Park of Dion
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Archaeological Park of Dion. Recent history
From 1961 Georgios Bakalakis resumed the works. In 1962, a large part of the city walls and the defensive towers were discovered during the mapping of the previously known excavation site. During the excavation phase under G. Bakalakis, the Roman theater was located, which extends southeast of the Hellenistic theater. The excavations at the early Christian basilica were completed by Stylianos Pelekanidis.
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Archaeological Park of Dion
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Archaeological Park of Dion. Recent history
From the summer of 1973, the work was continued under the direction of Professor Dimitrios Pandermalis (University of Thessaloniki). His first goal was to explore the remains of two buildings south of the city area. The excavations revealed the Demeter sanctuary. In the same year, finds of statues of Asklepios, Hygeia and Telesphoros showed that also the Asklepios cult was practiced in Dion. On the main street the armor and the shields were released. The orchestras of the Hellenistic theater were then freed from the overlying layer of the earth. The theater dates from the 5th century BC; the Bacchae of Euripides were premiered here.
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Archaeological Park of Dion
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Archaeological Park of Dion. Recent history
In the summer of 1976 excavations were carried out in the southeastern sector within the city wall. One came upon the great thermae. These were obviously destroyed by an earthquake. The mosaic of a bull in the frigidarium was separated into two parts, the lower part of which is 50 cm lower than the upper one. On the northern side of the baths were statues of the children of Asklepios.
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Archaeological Park of Dion
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Archaeological Park of Dion. Recent history
Under difficult conditions the excavation work on the Isis Shrine took place. Spring water and mud caused the trenches to collapse frequently. A dam was built to continue the work. Again, there were signs of destruction by an earthquake with subsequent flooding. The excavations were completed in 1984.
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Archaeological Park of Dion
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Archaeological Park of Dion. Recent history
The stadium was excavated in 1995 under the leadership of Giorgos Karadedos. Beside the playing field, several rows of seats were found.
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Archaeological Park of Dion
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Archaeological Park of Dion. Recent history
In June 1987 the Dionysosmosaic was cleared and then protected by a roof construction against weather influences.
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Archaeological Park of Dion
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Archaeological Park of Dion. Recent history
The sanctuary of Zeus Olympios was finally discovered in 2000 when investigations were made on the site near the Roman theater.
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Archaeological Park of Dion
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Archaeological Park of Dion. Recent history
After a flooding of the Isis Shrine of Archaeological Park in 2002, was decided to move the river Vaphyras a few yards westward, so that future floods can no longer harm the sanctuary. In the course of this, artifacts were found which ultimately led to the excavation of the sanctuary of Zeus Hypsistos, the Almighty God. As the work approached its end, the cult statue of Zeus Hypsistos was found in the mud.
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Archaeological Park of Dion
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Archaeological Park of Dion. Recent history
Beginning in 2007, under the leadership of Semeli Pingiatoglou, excavations were carried out with the aim of finding the oldest structures of ancient Dion.
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Archaeological Park of Dion
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Archaeological Park of Dion. Recent history
The Dionysus mosaic was removed from its original place of discovery in 2015 and transferred to a specially built building (Archaeotheke).
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Archaeological Park of Dion
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Archaeological Park of Dion. Recent history
The works are still continuing under the direction of the University of Thessaloniki.
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Archaeological Park of Dion
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Archaeological Park of Dion. Vaphyras
Although no special sanctuary was erected to him, the river Vaphyras was considered a divinity. About 100 m east of the park entrance is its source. The holy grove of the Muses probably grew here. The head of a statue representing the personalized river was found in the spring area. According to Hesiod, the Vaphyras originates from the cosmic river Okeanos, dominated by the primeval goddess Tethys.
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Archaeological Park of Dion
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Archaeological Park of Dion. The Sanctuaries
An Artemis shrine discovered near the river is considered to be dedicated to the goddess Artemis Vaphyria. She watched the transition of young girls to the stage of marriageable women.
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Archaeological Park of Dion
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Archaeological Park of Dion. The Sanctuaries
The river Vaphyras is interwoven in Greek mythology with Orpheus and the Muses. In the second century AD, Pausanias writes that the upper part of the Vaphyras bore the name of Helikon. Two-thirds of its length ran underground, before returning to Dion. According to Pausanias, however, this was not always the case. The inhabitants of Dion claimed that the Helikon flowed past Dion. But when the women who killed Orpheus wanted to wash the blood from their hands in the Helikon, the river dried up, for he did not wish to have any part in this act. Only in Dion did he appear again on the surface.
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Archaeological Park of Dion
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Archaeological Park of Dion. Demeter Sanctuary
It consists of several temples and is dated from the archaic period up to the Roman period. The sanctuary of Asklepios is located in the immediate vicinity. The connection between the two sanctuaries is also evident at other archaeological sites in Greece.
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Archaeological Park of Dion
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Archaeological Park of Dion. Demeter Sanctuary
In the open, walled-in area, the goddess was offered liquid sacrifices. The oldest remains of the sanctuary are also found here. End of the 4th century BC two archaic temples were replaced by two Doric temples. Small, one-room temples (Oikos) were consecrated to the gods of the earth like Baubo and Kurotrophos. They were hoped for rich harvest yields. Another temple was erected in honor of Aphrodite. The faithful hoped for increased fertility. In front of the temples there were altars on which carnal sacrifices were offered to the respective gods. Vegetable sacrifices, such as grain or fruit, were spread out on so-called cult tables. Archaeological finds and ancient records have given the water an important role in the Demeter cult. It was among the duties of the priestesses to ensure that pure water was always available. In addition to cleaning rituals, water was seen as the necessary element to allow plant growth. Two circular wells are among the oldest structures of the temple.
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Archaeological Park of Dion
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Archaeological Park of Dion. Demeter Sanctuary
In addition to the usual finds such as statues, pottery, jewelry, oil lamps etc., one found a ring stone from Mycenaean time. It dates from the 14th to 15th century BC, and shows a schematically represented lion in front of a tree. The artifact is a reference to the earlier settlement of Dion. 1990 the foundations of an altar were discovered east of the temple; At this point 1973 the head of a statue of the goddess was recovered.
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Archaeological Park of Dion
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Archaeological Park of Dion. Demeter Sanctuary
In the Late antiquity there were kilns on the grounds of the Demeter Shrine.
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Archaeological Park of Dion
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Archaeological Park of Dion. Asclepios Sanctuary
In the fourth century BC, The Asclepion was built. A place was chosen with plenty of water, because it played a special role in the practice of the Asclepion cult. It served the healing of the sick and was needed for the cult practices. So far, the foundations of a building that consisted of two rooms were cleared. The discovery of a toilet near the sanctuary suggests that people (pilgrims) were there for some time to cure their ailments.
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Archaeological Park of Dion
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Archaeological Park of Dion. Zeus Hypsistos sanctuary
A sacred road led to the sanctuary of Zeus Hypsistos (Greek Ζευς ὕψιστος "Zeus the highest god"). It was lined with small columns with marble eagles sitting there. These are devotions for the "Most Holy". The road led to a large square, on which stood a temple. It consisted of several rooms. In the northernmost room, the temple of Zeus, a statue of Zeus Hypsistos and the figure of a marble eagle were found. The floor was decorated with mosaic, which retained the image of two ravens. Also the floor of the overall building was mosaic. There remained a white bull and double axes. On the western side is a water basin. In front of the temple stands an altar, to the base of which a metal ring was attached, which served to tie the sacrificial animals.
Both gods, Zeus Hypsistos and Zeus Olympios, were simultaneously venerated. While Zeus Olympios ruled the people from the top of Mount Olympus, Zeus Hypsistos dominated the sky, that is, all the supernatural.
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Archaeological Park of Dion. Nonae Capratinae
Following the conquest of Dion by the Romans, the Nonae Capratinae was held on 7 July of the year. Female slaves enjoyed certain freedoms at this festival; one of them received the rights of Agoranomos that day. The Agoranomos (composed of the Greek words agora, market, and nomos, law) supervised the trading on the marketplace, set prices and had other tasks. From the inscription of an eagle statuette found in the sanctuary of Zeus Hypsistus in September 2003, it appears that Arura, the servant (probably a slave) of Plutiades, was elected Agoranomos. This statuette is the first proof that the Nonae Capratinae was also celebrated in the Roman provinces, outside of Italy. The connection between the worship of Zeus Hypsistos and the Nonae Capratinae was probably in honor of Jupiter Capitolinus, the Jupiter Optimus Maximus.
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Archaeological Park of Dion
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Archaeological Park of Dion. Zeus Olympios Sanctuary
In the Hellenistic period a powerful temple was built on a sacred grove consecrated to Zeus. In this sanctuary were gilded statues of the Macedonian kings. The bronze statues of his cavaliers who had fallen in the Battle of the Cranikos were also erected in the Zeus Olympios shrine. The central square within the building was occupied by a 22 m long altar. The sacrificial animals were tied to metal rings. In the sacrificial ceremonies, the most important part of the Zeus cult, 100 cattle were sacrificed.
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Archaeological Park of Dion
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Archaeological Park of Dion. Zeus Olympios Sanctuary
When the Aitolean league attacked Dion, the sanctuary was destroyed. But it was rebuilt immediately by the materials of the surrounding buildings by the Macedonian King Philip V.
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Archaeological Park of Dion
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Archaeological Park of Dion. The Zeus Cult in Dion
At the time of the reign of the Macedonian kings, the sanctuary of Zeus Olympios was the most important sanctuary of the city and the religious center of Macedonia. It has not yet been clarified whether the shrine was given its importance by the Olympic Games initiated by King Archelaus, or whether, inspired by Homer's Iliad, it had already played a central role for the region. Deucalion claimed that in Dion, after the sanctuary of Zeus Lykaios, the second oldest altar devoted to Zeus was erected. From the late 8th century BC, Zeus was worshiped at various places in Greece. It was common to all these Zeus sanctuaries that they took place on the summit of a mountain, or near a summit. Inscriptions, pottery and remains of charcoal from the Hellenistic and Roman period on the summit of Agios Antonios (2817 m) near Dion, testify that the cult of Zeus was practiced not only in Dion, as also on Mount Olympus. The Macedonian kings used the temple to archive their royal decrees. Some of them are exhibited in the Archaeological Museum of Dion.
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Archaeological Park of Dion
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Archaeological Park of Dion. Isis Sanctuary
The most recent of the sanctuaries in Dion is the sanctuary of Isis. It was erected in the second century AD on the site of a former fertility sanctuary. The plant has a considerable size and is traversed by a channel, which is to symbolize the river Nile. The main entrance is in the east, i.e. the side facing the sea. A minor entrance is found on the north side of the sanctuary. The temple and altar of Isis Lochia (Isis as the guardian of the child's bed) are framed in the western part of the complex by two smaller temples of Isis Tyche and the Aphrodite Hypolympiada. In these little temples, springs are still active. In the cult of Isis, water was given sacred meaning. Two rooms, which are located in the north of the temple complex, served as a sanctuary for hypnotherapy, while figures of the patrons of the sanctuary were placed in the other room.
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Archaeological Park of Dion
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Archaeological Park of Dion. The Macedonian Tombs
In the course of the first excavations, a vaulted Macedonian grave with a Doric façade from the 4th century BC was found. The marble doors were broken, the grave was robbed by grave robbers. A funerary couch of marble with the representation of a battle of cavalry and parts of a frieze, displaying lions, remained.
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Archaeological Park of Dion
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Archaeological Park of Dion. The Macedonian Tombs
A second grave was excavated in 1955. It contained a stone couch, the floor was designed with colored pebbles.
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Archaeological Park of Dion
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Archaeological Park of Dion. The Macedonian Tombs
One year later, a third grave was released. Next to a stone couch, there were three pedestals.
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