id
stringlengths
9
15
page_id
stringlengths
5
8
page_url
stringlengths
31
312
page_title
stringlengths
1
218
text
stringlengths
21
2k
54784291_0_4
54784291
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edith%20Ballantyne
Edith Ballantyne
Edith Ballantyne. Ballantyne again served as chair for the planning committee of the NGO forum for the World Conference on Women, 1985 to be held in Nairobi. The Peace Tent, an idea pressed by Ballantyne, was set up on the lawn of the University of Nairobi and became a focal point of the conference. At the tent, daily sessions were held where women discussed the impacts of war on women and children. In 1992, Ballantyne became the International President of the WILPF and served in that capacity for the next six years. In 1995, she was honored as the recipient of the Gandhi Peace Award.
54784291_1_0
54784291
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edith%20Ballantyne
Edith Ballantyne
Edith Ballantyne. 1922 births Living people People from Krnov Czechoslovak refugees Naturalized citizens of Canada Canadian women activists Canadian women's rights activists Pacifist feminists Canadian pacifists Czechoslovak emigrants to Canada
54784339_0_0
54784339
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioannis%20Vavatsikos
Ioannis Vavatsikos
Ioannis Vavatsikos. Ioannis "Giannis" Vavatsikos (alternate spelling: Yannis) (; born August 17, 1990) is a Greek professional basketball player for Karditsa of the Greek 2nd division. He is a 2.01 m (6'7") tall small forward-power forward.
54784339_0_1
54784339
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioannis%20Vavatsikos
Ioannis Vavatsikos
Ioannis Vavatsikos. Professional career Vavatsikos signed with the Greek Basket League club GSL Faros, in 2017. He then became the club's team captain.
54784339_0_2
54784339
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioannis%20Vavatsikos
Ioannis Vavatsikos
Ioannis Vavatsikos. On June 28, 2018, he joined Kastoria of the Greek 2nd division.
54784350_0_0
54784350
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Sherriffs
James Sherriffs
James Sherriffs. James Sherriffs or Shirreffs (1752–1830) was a Scottish minister who served as Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland in 1807.
54784350_1_0
54784350
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Sherriffs
James Sherriffs
James Sherriffs. Life He was born in Aberdeen in 1752 the son of David Sherriffs. He was educated locally then studied at Aberdeen University graduating MA in 1770.
54784350_1_1
54784350
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Sherriffs
James Sherriffs
James Sherriffs. Life He was initially a schoolmaster at Aberdeen Grammar School. In 1776 he was licensed to preach by the Church of Scotland and in 1779 received patronage and was ordained in St Nicholas Kirk in Aberdeen. In 1795 the university awarded him an honorary doctorate (DD) and in the same year he was appointed 11th Patron to the Seven Incorporated Trades of Aberdeen.
54784350_1_2
54784350
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Sherriffs
James Sherriffs
James Sherriffs. Life He lived his final years at “Friendville” in Aberdeen. He died on 28 March 1830.
54784364_0_0
54784364
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gun%20Talk%20%28radio%20program%29
Gun Talk (radio program)
Gun Talk (radio program). Gun Talk (also known as Tom Gresham's Gun Talk) is an American syndicated radio program hosted by Tom Gresham. Debuting in 1995, the show covers topics including firearms, shooting, hunting, and gun policy. The show broadcasts from Mandeville, Louisiana.
54784364_0_1
54784364
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gun%20Talk%20%28radio%20program%29
Gun Talk (radio program)
Gun Talk (radio program). Host Tom Gresham is a son of Grits Gresham, who hosted the ABC TV show The American Sportsman from 1966 to 1979. The younger Gresham described his show in a 2013 interview with Politico as "Car Talk about guns, with politics thrown in."
54784364_1_0
54784364
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gun%20Talk%20%28radio%20program%29
Gun Talk (radio program)
Gun Talk (radio program). American talk radio programs Mass media in Louisiana 1995 establishments in the United States Gun politics in the United States
54784367_0_0
54784367
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultanum%20Begum
Sultanum Begum
Sultanum Begum. Sultanum Begum ( 1516 – 1593), also known as Kadam Ali Soltan Khanum, was the first wife and chief consort of the second Safavid king Tahmasp I. She was the mother of her husband's successor, Ismail II, and the mother of Mohammad Khodabanda, who reigned from 1578 until his overthrow in 1587.
54784367_1_0
54784367
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultanum%20Begum
Sultanum Begum
Sultanum Begum. Life Sultanum Begum was the daughter of Isa Beg Mawsillu of the Aq Quyunlu. Like Tahmasp's mother Tajlu Khanum, Sultanum belonged to the Turcoman Mawsillu tribe and was a maternal third cousin of her husband. Musa Soltan, governor of Azerbaijan was his brother. Tahmasp had most likely married her around the time of his father, Ismail I's death. She became his principal wife and bore him two sons, including Mohammad Khodabanda who was born in 1532, during the early years of the Shamlu-Ustalju regency, when Tahmasp himself was only eighteen years old, and Ismail II, born in 1537.
54784367_1_1
54784367
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultanum%20Begum
Sultanum Begum
Sultanum Begum. Life Sultanum Begum rose to become the harem's leader after Tajlu Khanum's exile to Shiraz in 1540. She had an independent royal court and her vizier was Khwaja Ibrahim Khalil. She also gained the honorific title of Mahd-i Ulya. She owned the tiyul and muqarariyat (perpetual fixed assignation) payable on lands in Western Khurasan.
54784367_1_2
54784367
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultanum%20Begum
Sultanum Begum
Sultanum Begum. Reign of her sons She mainted her strong position during the reign of Ismail II as her tribe, Mawsillu, also supported him. She was alive during her son Mohammad Khodabanda's and grandson Abbas I's reigns.
54784436_0_0
54784436
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobias%20Foss
Tobias Foss
Tobias Foss. Tobias Svendsen Foss (born 25 May 1997 in Vingrom) is a Norwegian cyclist, who currently rides for UCI WorldTeam .
54784436_0_1
54784436
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobias%20Foss
Tobias Foss
Tobias Foss. In July 2019, it was announced that Foss would join UCI WorldTeam on a two-year contract from 2020. In August 2019, Foss became the first Norwegian to win the Tour de l'Avenir. In October 2020, he was named in the startlist for the 2020 Giro d'Italia. In 2021 he won the National Championships in the road race and time trial and once again rode the Giro where he placed in the top 10.
54784436_1_0
54784436
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobias%20Foss
Tobias Foss
Tobias Foss. 2014 National Junior Road Championships 1st Team time trial 2nd Time trial 2nd Criterium 3rd Road race 3rd Time trial, UEC European Junior Road Championships 2015 National Junior Road Championships 1st Road race 1st Time trial 1st Team time trial 2nd Time trial, UEC European Junior Road Championships 8th Time trial, UCI Junior Road World Championships 2016 1st Time trial, National Under-23 Road Championships 3rd Overall ZLM Tour 1st Stage 1 (TTT) 4th Himmerland Rundt 2017 1st Young rider classification Tour of Norway 7th Overall Tour de l'Avenir 2018 4th Time trial, National Road Championships 6th Time trial, UCI Road World Under-23 Championships 6th Overall Okolo Slovenska 1st Young rider classification 8th Hafjell GP 9th Overall Tour de l'Avenir 10th Piccolo Giro di Lombardia 2019 1st Overall Tour de l'Avenir 3rd Liège–Bastogne–Liège Espoirs 4th Overall Volta ao Alentejo 1st Young rider classification 4th Overall Le Triptyque des Monts et Châteaux 4th Hafjell GP 6th Road race, UCI Road World Under–23 Championships 7th Kattekoers 2020 2nd Time trial, National Road Championships 5th Overall Tour de Hongrie 2021 National Road Championships 1st Road race 1st Time trial 9th Overall Giro d'Italia 2022 6th Overall Volta ao Algarve
54784475_0_0
54784475
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Benavidez
David Benavidez
David Benavidez. Anthony David Benavidez (born December 17, 1996) is an American professional boxer. He is a two-time WBC super middleweight champion, having held the title from 2017 to 2018 and again from 2019 to 2020. As of July 2021, he is ranked as the world's best active super middleweight by The Ring second by the Transnational Boxing Rankings Board, and fourth by BoxRec.
54784475_0_1
54784475
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Benavidez
David Benavidez
David Benavidez. Early life and amateur career David was born to a Mexican father and an Ecuadorian mother, his older brother, José Benavidez is also a professional boxer. Both brothers are trained by their father. When he was 15, Benavidez's weight ballooned to 250 pounds, as he struggled with dieting and discipline.
54784475_0_2
54784475
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Benavidez
David Benavidez
David Benavidez. Benavidez, who started boxing at the age of three, had an amateur record of 15–0.
54784475_1_0
54784475
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Benavidez
David Benavidez
David Benavidez. Early years Benavidez made his pro debut at the age of 16, defeating Erasmo Moreno by knockout in one round in Puerto Peñasco. Benavidez won the NABF Junior light heavyweight title, his first belt, against Rollin Williams in April 2015. At the end of 2015, Benavidez had a record of 12 wins, with 11 stoppages and no losses. In October 2015, Benavidez signed a promotional deal with Sampson Lewkowicz's Sampson Boxing.
54784475_1_1
54784475
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Benavidez
David Benavidez
David Benavidez. Professional career On January 7, 2016, it was announced that Benavidez would start the year against Kevin Cobbs (10-1, 4 KOs) on a Fox Sports 1 edition of PBC Toe-To-Toe Tuesdays on January 18 at Club Nokia in Los Angeles. Prior to the fight, Cobbs was on a 4-fight win streak. Benazvidez started the contest quick and kept Cobbs at a distance. He rocked Cobbs in round 2 on two occasions. After a few clinches, Benazidez hit Cobbs with a flurry of punches, prompting the referee to stop the fight at 1:08 of round 2. Benavidez next fought on April 30 on the undercard of Victor Ortiz vs. Andre Berto II at the StubHub Center in Carson, California. His opponent was Phillip Jackson Benson. Jackson was stopped in round 2 after being hurt many times in the opening round. The fight was scheduled for 8 rounds.
54784475_1_2
54784475
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Benavidez
David Benavidez
David Benavidez. Professional career Benavidez would next take part on the undercard of the welterweight world title bout Keith Thurman vs. Shawn Porter, which was rescheduled to take place on June 25 at the Barclays Center in Brooklyn, against Francy Ntetu (16-0, 3 KOs) in an 8-round bout. In an entertaining fight, where both boxers traded, Benavidez won the fight via round 7 TKO. Benavidez seemed to get the better of the trades with Ntetu resorting to clinching by the end of round 2. After 1 minute and 30 seconds of round 7, the crowd booed as referee Shada Murdaugh stopped the fight due to the amount of punishment Ntetu had taken. It was noted that Barry Jordan, a NYSAC doctor had taken a look at Ntetu and likely would have played a role. Benavidez led 58–56, 58-56 and 59–55 on the judges scorecards at the time of stoppage. Jordon later explained that it was upon his recommendation that the bout be stopped as Ntetu had taken a lot of punishment, mostly to the eye. In July 2015, PBC announced Benavidez would next fight on ESPN against contender Denis Douglin (20-4, 13 KOs) in his first 10-round bout on August 5 at the 2300 Arena in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Benavidez was taken to the tenth round, however avoided hearing the final bell after stopping Douglin 35 seconds into the round. Benavidez simply broke down Douglin over the course of the fight. The referee stopped the fight as Douglin had taken punishment against the ropes.
54784475_1_3
54784475
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Benavidez
David Benavidez
David Benavidez. Professional career Benadivez's first bout of 2017 took place on January 28 on the Carl Frampton vs. Léo Santa Cruz II undercard at the MGM Grand Garden Arena in Paradise, Nevada against fellow prospect Sherali Mamajonov (14-1, 7 KOs). Benavidez started the fight cautious before unloading some heavy shots which dropped Mamajonov before the end of round 1. At the start of round 2, Benavidez continued to land flash combinations eventually dropping Mamajanov again. He beat the count, but referee Russell Mora stopped the fight as he appeared badly hurt. Benavidez spoke about the win after the fight, "I am a little disappointed because I wanted to give the crowd a spectacular knockout. This is my first time fighting at MGM Grand and I will never forget it. The atmosphere here is amazing. This fight week has been the best experience of my life. I want to continue to fight as much as I can. I want to perfect my craft, train as hard as I can and be the best that I can be."
54784475_1_4
54784475
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Benavidez
David Benavidez
David Benavidez. Professional career On March 24, 2017, it was announced that WBC agreed to sanction Benavidez against former world title challenger Rogelio Medina (37-7, 31 KOs) for the #2 mandatory spot on May 20 at the Laredo Energy Arena in Laredo, Texas. Medina was knocked down three times before the referee waved the fight off in round 8, giving Benavidez the win. Benavidez was considered one of the top prospects at super middleweight.
54784475_2_0
54784475
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Benavidez
David Benavidez
David Benavidez. Benavidez vs. Gavril Following his draw against James DeGale, Badou Jack vacated his WBC super middleweight title in order to fight at light heavyweight. The WBC ordered a match between Callum Smith and Anthony Dirrell, with the winner taking the vacant world title. With Smith taking part in WBSS, he was replaced through Benavidez. The bout was scheduled for September 2017. However, on August 5, the WBC announced Dirrell was out due to injury. Instead, Benavidez would face Romanian contender Ronald Gavril (18-1, 14 KOs) on September 8 for the world title at the Hard Rock Hotel & Casino in Nevada. Benavidez defeated Gavril after 12 rounds by split decision. Two judges scored the fight 117–111, 116-111 for Benavidez, whilst the third scored it 116-111 for Gavril. However, Gavril proved to be Benavidez's toughest test so far, with most rounds being closely contested. Benavidez seemed to struggle with conditioning and was knocked down in the final round. Speaking on his record-breaking win, Benavidez said, “It feels amazing to win this title. It’s everything I’ve dreamed about since I was a little kid. It’s everything I’ve dedicated myself to and I’ve worked hard for. It finally paid off.” According to CompuBox stats, Benavidez landed 222 of 863 punches thrown (26%) and Gavril landed 162 of his 817 thrown (20%).
54784475_2_1
54784475
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Benavidez
David Benavidez
David Benavidez. Benavidez vs. Gavril II Immediately after the first bout, rematch talks began. Gavril thought he won the first bout and disputed the decision. Benavidez's promoter Sampson Promotions confirmed on October 2, 2017, that negotiations had begun with Mayweather Promotions for a rematch to take place in January 2018. Benavidez stated he wanted to take the rematch to remove all doubt and set the record straight. In December 2017, a deal was close to being finalized for the rematch to take place on the undercard of Danny García vs. Brandon Ríos on Showtime on February 17, 2018. The deal was done a few days later with the bout taking place at the Mandalay Bay Events Center in Paradise, Nevada. In front of 6,240 fans, Benavidez dominated every round, winning via unanimous decision with the scores 120–108, 120-108 and 119–109. ESPN.com scored it a shutout 120-108 for Benavidez. he used different angles a variety of head and body shots throughout the fight leaving no doubt. Before round 11, the ringside doctor took a look at Gavril but allowed him to continue. For every one shot Gavril landed, Benavidez replied with fast combinations. Benavidez reduced the number of shots he threw in the final round, which allowed Gavril to give him some, but little trouble. After the fight, Benavidez said, "I knew he was going to come in aggressive. He's a one trick type of pony. He don't know how to do anything but pressure. I used that to my advantage -- jab, box him all day and when I saw the opening I took it. I didn't knock him out but he's a tough son of a gun." Punch stats showed that Benavidez landed 315 of 942 punches thrown (37%) and Gavril landed 176 of his 757 thrown (23%). For the bout, Benavidez earned $400,000 to Gavril's $125,000 purse. The fight averaged 458,000 viewers and peaked at 489,000 viewers.
54784475_2_2
54784475
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Benavidez
David Benavidez
David Benavidez. Benavidez vs. Dirrell According to sources in Mexico on May 17, 2018, a deal was close to being reached for Benavidez to defend his WBC title against Russian boxer Matt Korobov (28-1, 14 KOs) on the Mikey Garcia vs. Robert Easter Jr. lightweight unification undercard on July 28 at the Staples Center in Los Angeles, California. On May 23, Top Rank's Bob Arum revealed he has signed Benavidez to his stable, giving him a signing bonus of $250,000. Sampson Lewkowicz filed a lawsuit. According to Lewkowicz, Benavidez signed an extension with his company in November 2017, which extended his contract until 2021. By June 13, the suit was settled and Benavidez returned the signing bonus to Top Rank. On June 21, it was reported a deal had been reached for Benavidez to defend his WBC title against mandatory challenger Anthony Dirrell (32-1-1, 24 KOs). The fight was ordered by the WBC on May 21 and scheduled purse bids were due on June 22. A deal was reached on June 21. The fight was reported to take place on the same card as Shawn Porter vs. Danny García on Showtime on September 8.
54784475_2_3
54784475
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Benavidez
David Benavidez
David Benavidez. Positive drug test and suspension On September 18, 2018, it was reported that Benavidez had tested positive for cocaine from a urine sample collected on August 27 by the Voluntary Anti-Doping Agency (VADA). He was eventually stripped of his title and received a four months-long suspension through February 2019 by the WBC. On 19 December 2018, it was announced that he would be returning to the ring on March 16.
54784475_2_4
54784475
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Benavidez
David Benavidez
David Benavidez. Benavidez vs. Angulo On August 15, 2020, Benavidez fought Roamer Alexis Angulo. Benavidez weighed in over the super middleweight limit during the weigh in, and was stripped of his title yet again. Benavidez dominated Angulo in a one-sided bout, which culminated in a tenth-round stoppage, after Benavidez unloaded a barrage of shots on Angulo.
54784475_2_5
54784475
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Benavidez
David Benavidez
David Benavidez. Benavidez vs. Ellis On March 13, 2021, Benavidez fought Ronald Ellis. Ellis was ranked #8 by the WBC at super middleweight. Benavidez stopped Ellis in the eleventh round via technical knockout.
54784475_2_6
54784475
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Benavidez
David Benavidez
David Benavidez. Benavidez vs. Davis On July 14, 2021, Showtime announced that Benavidez was scheduled for an August 28 bout against former titlist José Uzcátegui at the Phoenix Suns Arena. However, on October 28, Uzcátegui was pulled from the fight due to failing a drug test, and was replaced by Kyrone Davis.
54784475_3_0
54784475
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Benavidez
David Benavidez
David Benavidez. See also List of world super-middleweight boxing champions List of Mexican boxing world champions
54784475_4_0
54784475
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Benavidez
David Benavidez
David Benavidez. David Benavidez - Profile, News Archive & Current Rankings at Box.Live
54784475_4_1
54784475
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Benavidez
David Benavidez
David Benavidez. American boxers of Mexican descent American people of Ecuadorian descent Sportspeople from Arizona Boxers from Arizona Super-middleweight boxers 1996 births Living people American male boxers
54784526_0_1
54784526
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leyvachelys
Leyvachelys
Leyvachelys. Fossils of a turtle found in the dinosaur-rich Glen Rose Formation of Texas, informally named Glenrosechelys brooksi, have been assigned to the same genus and type species.
54784526_0_2
54784526
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leyvachelys
Leyvachelys
Leyvachelys. Etymology The genus name is derived from Villa de Leyva and chelys means "turtle" in Greek. The species epithet cipadi refers to the CIP; the Centro de Investigaciones Paleontológicas, the paleontological research centre outside Villa de Leyva.
54784526_0_3
54784526
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leyvachelys
Leyvachelys
Leyvachelys. Description The holotype was found on the Loma La Catalina, west of Villa de Leyva, Colombia in 2009. The fossil was discovered in a layer of calcareous claystone with abundant occurrences of ferruginous-calcareous nodules and concretions. The section belongs to the middle segment of the Paja Formation called "Arcillolitas abigarradas Member" and has been dated on the basis of ammonites to be Late Barremian to Early Aptian in age.
54784526_0_4
54784526
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leyvachelys
Leyvachelys
Leyvachelys. The turtle is the earliest recorded sandownid turtle in the world and the first of this family discovered in South America. The fossil find consists of a fairly complete skull, a well-preserved lower jaw and postcrania with an almost complete carapace, three cervical vertebrae, right humerus and coracoid, both femora, tibiae, and pelvic girdle. The length of the skull is estimated at and the maximum size of the carapace has been reported as . The carapace of L. cipadi is the first complete ever found for a sandownid.
54784526_0_6
54784526
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leyvachelys
Leyvachelys
Leyvachelys. The Hauterivian to Late Aptian Paja Formation is one of the richest fossiliferous stratigraphic units of Colombia, where other marine reptiles are found too. Pliosaurs as Kronosaurus and Stenorhynchosaurus, ichthyosaurs as Muiscasaurus and Platypterygius and a plesiosaurs known as Callawayasaurus represent the known marine reptile fauna assemblage of the formation. From the Paja Formation in the same year as Leyvachelys, the oldest sea turtle known in the world, Desmatochelys padillai, has been reported. The habitat of Leyvachelys is described as littoral, not open marine as is the case for Desmatochelys. Additionally, many different ammonites and crustaceans are described from the formation.Bermúdez et al., 2013 The morphology of the shell of L. cipadi, allows the support of previously hypothesized habitat adaptations for sandownids; in particular, that they inhabited littoral to near-shore shallow marine environments, and that their general body-plan was not designed for leading an open marine lifestyle. They nevertheless potentially shared niches with open marine turtles, as evidenced by the occurrence of protostegids as Desmatochelys, from the same stratigraphical horizons. The abundant occurrence of molluscs, principally ammonites, some of them preserved associated with the carapace of L. cipadi, suppose a potential source of food for its durophagous diet adaptation which could have also included arthropods, as for example crabs.
54784526_0_7
54784526
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leyvachelys
Leyvachelys
Leyvachelys. Fossil turtle fragments, initially and informally described as Glenrosechelys brooksi, found in the contemporaneous to slightly younger Glen Rose Formation of Texas have been assigned to the same genus Leyvachelys. Both occurrences in Texas (paleocoordinates 30.0° N, 55.5° W), and Colombia (paleocoordinates 3.6° N, 42.2° W) represent the northern and southern paleocoastline of the Early Cretaceous proto-Caribbean Sea.
54784526_0_9
54784526
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leyvachelys
Leyvachelys
Leyvachelys. Carbonemys Desmatochelys padillai'' Cerrejón Formation Honda Group Fernando Etayo María Páramo
54784526_1_0
54784526
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leyvachelys
Leyvachelys
Leyvachelys. External links Leyvachelys cipadi, una nueva especie de tortuga sandownidae del Cretácico inferior de Colombia
54784526_1_1
54784526
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leyvachelys
Leyvachelys
Leyvachelys. Cryptodira Early Cretaceous turtles Early Cretaceous reptiles of South America Prehistoric turtle genera Monotypic prehistoric reptile genera Altiplano Cundiboyacense Paja Formation Cretaceous Colombia Fossils of Colombia Fossil taxa described in 2015 Extinct turtles
54784601_0_0
54784601
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johan%20Undrum
Johan Undrum
Johan Undrum. Johan Undrum (7 October 1880 – 14 March 1940) was a Norwegian politician.
54784601_0_1
54784601
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johan%20Undrum
Johan Undrum
Johan Undrum. He was born in Våle to Christian Gerhard Undrum and Hanna Mathilde Olsen. He was elected representative to the Storting for several periods, 1931–1945, for the Conservative Party.
54784648_0_0
54784648
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheryl%20Najafi
Cheryl Najafi
Cheryl Najafi. Cheryl Najafi is an American author, speaker and businesswoman. She is the former CEO of Everyday Dishes & DIY (previously CherylStyle), a lifestyle media company and author of New York Times best-selling book "You're So Invited: Panic Less, Play More, and Get Your Party On!". In 2017, Najafi founded the direct-to-consumer apparel company, LoveOverH8.com, after seeing the effects of the Trump travel ban.
54784648_0_1
54784648
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheryl%20Najafi
Cheryl Najafi
Cheryl Najafi. Early life and education Najafi was born in Webb City, Missouri. She earned both a Bachelor's and Master's degree in communication from Arizona State University.
54784648_0_2
54784648
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheryl%20Najafi
Cheryl Najafi
Cheryl Najafi. Career In January 2011, Najafi founded CherylStyle, a multimedia lifestyle company based in Arizona. She was the founding CEO of the company. CherylStyle was later rebranded as Everyday Dishes & DIY.
54784648_0_3
54784648
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheryl%20Najafi
Cheryl Najafi
Cheryl Najafi. In 2012, Najafi wroteYou're So Invited: Panic Less, Play More, and Get Your Party On which was a New York Times best-selling book in June 2012. The book gives tips on entertaining and etiquette while focusing on using what you have and maintaining that it is not necessary to be perfect. Najafi wrote her second book, Mother Daughter Dishes: Reinventing Loved Classics in 2014.
54784648_0_4
54784648
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheryl%20Najafi
Cheryl Najafi
Cheryl Najafi. After the announcement of President Donald Trump's travel ban, Najafi searched online to find clothing that matched her views of inclusivity. She started LoveOverH8.com, a direct-to-consumer apparel company that advocates for social justice causes. Najafi instituted that $10 of each sale goes toward a cause of the customer's choice to raise money for people that have been disenfranchised.
54784648_0_5
54784648
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheryl%20Najafi
Cheryl Najafi
Cheryl Najafi. Personal life She is married to businessman Jahm Najafi. They have a son and daughter who are twins, and another daughter. Najafi and her family live in Phoenix, Arizona.
54784697_0_0
54784697
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennis%20in%20Romania
Tennis in Romania
Tennis in Romania. Tennis is one of the most popular sports in Romania. The Romanian Tennis Federation ( or FRT), a member of ITF, is the sport's national governing body.
54784697_0_1
54784697
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennis%20in%20Romania
Tennis in Romania
Tennis in Romania. History Tennis was introduced to Romania in the late 19th century by students returning from their time abroad.
54784697_0_2
54784697
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennis%20in%20Romania
Tennis in Romania
Tennis in Romania. Also, the Romania Davis Cup team made the finals of the competition in three editions: 3 (1969, 1971 and 1972) losing each time by the hands of the United States Davis Cup team.
54784697_0_3
54784697
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennis%20in%20Romania
Tennis in Romania
Tennis in Romania. Men's tennis saw its best period during the beginning of the Open Era when Ilie Năstase reached the number 1 ranking in 1973 after winning the US Open in 1972 and the French Open in 1973.
54784697_0_4
54784697
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennis%20in%20Romania
Tennis in Romania
Tennis in Romania. Women's tennis, in particular, has seen tremendous successes both in the 20th and 21st centuries, with the advent of Florența Mihai, Virginia Ruzici, Irina Spîrlea and Simona Halep. Three of these women reached the Top 10 of the WTA rankings in singles, namely Ruzici, Spîrlea and Halep whilst Mihai, Ruzici and Halep reached Grand Slam finals with Ruzici winning the French Open in 1978 and Halep winning the same tournament in 2018.
54784697_0_5
54784697
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennis%20in%20Romania
Tennis in Romania
Tennis in Romania. Tournaments held in Romania on the men's tour every year included Romanian Open from 1993 until 2016. The women have the Bucharest Open held between 2014 and 2019, and the Transylvania Open from 2021.
54784697_0_6
54784697
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennis%20in%20Romania
Tennis in Romania
Tennis in Romania. List of Romanian singles tennis players (Open Era only) Only includes players ranked in the top 100. Bold names indicate currently active players
54784697_1_0
54784697
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennis%20in%20Romania
Tennis in Romania
Tennis in Romania. Women List of Romanian doubles tennis players (Open Era only) Only includes players ranked in the top 100 or that have won at least one ATP or WTA title. Bold names indicate currently active players
54784697_2_0
54784697
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennis%20in%20Romania
Tennis in Romania
Tennis in Romania. See also Sport in Romania Romania Davis Cup team Romania Fed Cup team
54784747_0_0
54784747
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%A9my%20Lecroq
Jérémy Lecroq
Jérémy Lecroq. Jérémy Lecroq (born 7 April 1995) is a French cyclist, who currently rides for UCI ProTeam .
54784747_1_0
54784747
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%A9my%20Lecroq
Jérémy Lecroq
Jérémy Lecroq. 2015 5th Overall ZLM Tour 2016 8th Grand Prix de la Ville de Lillers 2017 3rd ZLM Tour 3rd Ronde van Vlaanderen Beloften 3rd Paris–Bourges 6th Grand Prix de Denain 10th Omloop Eurometropool 2018 1st Grand Prix de la Ville de Lillers 5th Scheldeprijs 2020 4th Paris–Chauny 2021 6th Grand Prix d'Isbergues 9th Ronde van Limburg 9th Brussels Cycling Classic
54784796_0_0
54784796
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ieva%20Melle
Ieva Melle
Ieva Melle. Ieva Melle (born 1 April 1985) is a Latvian Paralympic archer.
54784796_0_1
54784796
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ieva%20Melle
Ieva Melle
Ieva Melle. She has competed once at the Summer Paralympics and made appearances in the World Para Archery Championships and World Cup Stages. She specialises in making jewellery.
54784796_0_2
54784796
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ieva%20Melle
Ieva Melle
Ieva Melle. Melle's performance in the 2015 World Archery Para Championships saw her qualify for the 2016 Summer Paralympics, her debut games. She earned the spot in the women's recurve open after defeating Czech archer Marketa Sidkova in straight sets.
54784932_0_0
54784932
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cowboys%20Don%27t%20Cry%20%28film%29
Cowboys Don't Cry (film)
Cowboys Don't Cry (film). Cowboys Don't Cry is a Canadian drama film, directed by Anne Wheeler and released in 1988. Based on a novel by Marilyn Halvorson, the film centres on Josh Morgan (Ron White), a rodeo clown, and former rodeo champion whose relationship with his son Shane (Zachary Ansley), is strained after Lucy (Rebecca Jenkins), Josh's wife and Shane's mother, is killed in an accident caused by Josh's drunk driving. After the horrific accident, Josh sinks into depression and self-pity. In the wake of the tragedy of his mother's death, Shane struggles to pick up the pieces and make up for his father's shortcomings. When Shane's grandfather dies, leaving a small ranch in his will, he hopes that his dream of settling down happily in one place, might come true after all. But how can a 14-year-old boy turn the run-down place around and keep the banker from seizing it, while attending school and looking after a father who is usually in the liability column?
54784932_1_0
54784932
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cowboys%20Don%27t%20Cry%20%28film%29
Cowboys Don't Cry (film)
Cowboys Don't Cry (film). Release The film premiered in Calgary, Alberta on February 5, 1988 as part of the cultural festival for the 1988 Winter Olympics, and had theatrical screenings in selected other cities before airing on CBC Television in November.
54784932_1_1
54784932
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cowboys%20Don%27t%20Cry%20%28film%29
Cowboys Don't Cry (film)
Cowboys Don't Cry (film). Awards The film garnered four Genie Award nominations at the 10th Genie Awards in 1989: Best Actor (Ansley), Best Supporting Actress (Green), Best Director (Wheeler) and Best Original Song (Wheeler and Louis Natale, for "Cowboys Don't Cry"). At the 14th annual Alberta Film and Television Awards, the film was also awarded with best of the festival by four judges contracted by the Alberta Motion Picture Industry Association.
54784938_0_0
54784938
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physics%20of%20whistles
Physics of whistles
Physics of whistles. A whistle is a device that makes sound from blowing air. The physical theory of the sound-making process is an example of the application of the science of fluid dynamics. Knowledge of the geometry, dimensions and fluid properties can allow prediction of the properties of the whistle. The principles relevant to whistle operation also have applications in other areas such as fluid flow measurement.
54784938_0_1
54784938
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physics%20of%20whistles
Physics of whistles
Physics of whistles. Types Wilson, et al., in their study of human whistling (see below), pointed out the importance of including the symmetry or asymmetry of the unstable flow in addition to the feedback classes listed below. Because of the close relationship of flow symmetry to the sound field generated, their concept was included here as part of the sound source description (monopole symmetric and dipole asymmetric).
54784938_1_0
54784938
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physics%20of%20whistles
Physics of whistles
Physics of whistles. Whistles that generate sound through fluctuations of mass flow across a boundary are called monopole-like sources. The figure on the right is an example of a small sphere whose volume is oscillating. For this type of source, the sound is emitted radially, so the sound field is the same in every direction and decays with the inverse square of the distance. del. The sound power can be expressed as
54784938_1_1
54784938
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physics%20of%20whistles
Physics of whistles
Physics of whistles. The variables U and L are considered characteristic of the source, and their correct choice is important.
54784938_2_0
54784938
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physics%20of%20whistles
Physics of whistles
Physics of whistles. Whistles that generate sound through fluctuations of momentum or a force exerted on the surrounding medium are called dipole-like sources. The figure on the right is example of a small rigid sphere that is moving back and forth in a given direction. This results in a non-uniform sound field. The sound power can be expressed as
54784938_3_0
54784938
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physics%20of%20whistles
Physics of whistles
Physics of whistles. Feedback categories Aerodynamic whistles rely on the instability of flows and feedback that enhances the instability. There are several ways that feedback can occur.
54784938_3_1
54784938
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physics%20of%20whistles
Physics of whistles
Physics of whistles. Category I The sound from a whistle in this category is primarily a byproduct of source motion. The back reaction is insufficient to strongly control source motion, so whistles are not in this category.
54784938_3_2
54784938
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physics%20of%20whistles
Physics of whistles
Physics of whistles. Category II The back reaction of the medium is an determinant of source motion. Unstable fluid motion or the sound generated by it can feedback to the source and control it. What is required is: a source of steady power; an amplification mechanism that can convert the steady power to time-varying power; a disturbance, which supplies the oscillations to be amplified; a means of generating sound or other oscillatory fluid motion; a means for feedback of that oscillatory motion as a disturbance to the input of the amplifier. Whistles are in this category. There are several ways to describe the feedback process.
54784938_3_3
54784938
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physics%20of%20whistles
Physics of whistles
Physics of whistles. Class I The feedback is essentially incompressible; the speed of sound, although finite, is sufficiently large that it can be considered infinite. This action may be called hydrodynamic feedback. There are a number of class I devices.
54784938_4_0
54784938
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physics%20of%20whistles
Physics of whistles
Physics of whistles. Class II The feedback is compressible and does not depend on the speed of sound. This action may be called quasi-compressible feedback. .
54784938_4_1
54784938
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physics%20of%20whistles
Physics of whistles
Physics of whistles. Class III The feedback is compressible and depends on the speed of sound. This may be called acoustic feedback. The figure on the right shows a block diagram of these feedback mechanisms. All aerodynamic whistles operate under one of the classes.
54784938_5_0
54784938
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physics%20of%20whistles
Physics of whistles
Physics of whistles. Stages Feedback in whistles is nonlinear. Because of the nonlinearity, it is possible to have more than one frequency at a given flow rate. The difference depends on whether the flow rate is achieved by increasing the flow or by decreasing the flow. The possibility of multiple states is called a stage and is shown schematically in the figure on the right. As the flow speed increases (Reynolds number, Re) the frequency slowly climbs (nearly constant Strouhal number, St) but then the frequency jumps up abruptly to a higher stage. As the flow speed is later decreased, the frequency slowly decreases, but then jumps down abruptly to a lower stage. This pattern is called a hysteresis loop.
54784938_5_1
54784938
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physics%20of%20whistles
Physics of whistles
Physics of whistles. Stages Higher stages are associated with more vortices in that distance, hinting that this distance can be an important characteristic dimension. In several whistles, three stages have been identified. Over blowing in some musical wind instruments causes stage I jump to stage II.
54784938_6_0
54784938
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physics%20of%20whistles
Physics of whistles
Physics of whistles. Flow instability Flow instability is the engine for whistles. It converts steady energy to time-dependent energy.
54784938_6_1
54784938
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physics%20of%20whistles
Physics of whistles
Physics of whistles. Flow instability An example is shown in the figure on the right with a water jet. The laminar two-dimensional jet amplifies small disturbances at the orifice to generate a vortex street. For this case, the flow speed, in terms of Reynolds number, was graphed against the disturbance frequency, in terms of the Strouhal number for a variety of disturbance amplitudes to reveal the region of instability as shown in the figure on the left. The value of D in the figure represents the ratio of the lateral disturbance displacement to the nozzle width; the disturbances were minute.
54784938_6_2
54784938
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physics%20of%20whistles
Physics of whistles
Physics of whistles. Flow instability One important source of instability in a fluid is the presence of a velocity gradient or shear layer with an inflection point. In a whistle, the instability starts at some point in the three-dimensional region and then moves along some path in that region as the local variables change. This makes the comprehensive understanding of whistle instability mechanisms very difficult.
54784938_6_3
54784938
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physics%20of%20whistles
Physics of whistles
Physics of whistles. Scaling Whistles come in all shapes and sizes, but their operation can be unified through the concepts of dynamic and geometric similarity. Nature knows nothing of the specific measurement systems we use; it cares only about ratios between the various forces, time scales, and the several dimensions. To compare them, we need to take into account the established ratios that are relevant to whistle operation.
54784938_6_4
54784938
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physics%20of%20whistles
Physics of whistles
Physics of whistles. Flow instability Similarity is best exposed by determining a speed U, that is, characteristic of the dynamics, and a dimension L, that is, characteristic of the geometry. If these values are used in dimensionless numbers, such as those listed below, much understanding of the phenomenon can be achieved.
54784938_7_0
54784938
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physics%20of%20whistles
Physics of whistles
Physics of whistles. Strouhal number The first number is the ratio of unsteady inertial forces to steady inertial forces. The number was named in honor of Vincenc Strouhal, who first deduced the relationship between the vortex shedding frequency around a cylinder and the flow speed. The characteristic variables were the cylinder diameter L1 and the speed U of the flow over it.
54784938_7_1
54784938
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physics%20of%20whistles
Physics of whistles
Physics of whistles. Strouhal number This number permits relationships to be developed between the different sizes and speeds. This equation may be referred to as a fluid mechanical Strouhal number in comparison with the second version, which may be referred to as the acoustical Strouhal number. The first version is used for dynamic similarity of the fluid motion in whistles, while the second version is used for dynamic similarity of the acoustical motion in whistles. Many whistles require use of both numbers.
54784938_8_0
54784938
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physics%20of%20whistles
Physics of whistles
Physics of whistles. Mach number It is the ratio of the steady speed to the speed of sound. The number was named in honor of Ernst Mach, who first studied (among other things) supersonic flow and shock waves. This number describes the range between flows that can be considered incompressible and flows where compress
54784938_9_0
54784938
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physics%20of%20whistles
Physics of whistles
Physics of whistles. Reynolds number It is the ratio of the steady inertial forces to the steady viscous forces. The number was named in honor of Osborne Reynolds, an engineer who did pioneering studies on the transition of laminar to turbulent flow in pipes.
54784938_10_0
54784938
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physics%20of%20whistles
Physics of whistles
Physics of whistles. Rossby number It is the ratio of linear velocity to tangential velocity for swirl flows. The frequency is characteristic of the rotation rate of the flow. The number was named in honor of Carl-Gustaf Rossby, a meteorologist who first described the large-scale motions of the atmosphere in terms of fluid mechanics.
54784938_10_1
54784938
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physics%20of%20whistles
Physics of whistles
Physics of whistles. Dimensionless force The ratio of the actual dynamic force to the steady momentum.
54784938_10_2
54784938
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physics%20of%20whistles
Physics of whistles
Physics of whistles. Dimensionless volumetric flow rate The ratio of the dynamic volumetric flow rate to the steady volumetric flow rate.
54784938_10_3
54784938
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physics%20of%20whistles
Physics of whistles
Physics of whistles. Monopole-like whistles In these whistles, the flow instability is symmetric, often resulting in periodic ring vortices, and the sound generation is associated with fluctuations of volumetric/mass flow rates.
54784938_11_0
54784938
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physics%20of%20whistles
Physics of whistles
Physics of whistles. Hole tone (tea pot whistle, bird call) The steady flow from a circular orifice can be converted to an oscillatory flow by adding a downstream plate with a circular hole aligned with the orifice. Small perturbations in the flow at the hole feedback to the orifice to cause a variable volumetric flow rate through the downstream hole because of the symmetry of the feedback. The disturbance in the jet is a symmetric vortex ring that moves at some speed slower than the mean jet speed until it encounters the hole, and some fluid is forced through it, resulting in a monopole-like sound field in the half-space outside. The figure on the right shows a schematic of the geometry.
54784938_11_1
54784938
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physics%20of%20whistles
Physics of whistles
Physics of whistles. Hole tone (tea pot whistle, bird call) To invoke dynamic similarity, the characteristic speed in a study was chosen to be the average speed U of the jet at the orifice and the characteristic length was chosen to be the orifice diameter δ. Tests were made at five spacing distances h/δ from the orifice. Two scaling laws were used: the Strouhal number was graphed as a function of Reynolds number. The results are shown in the figure on the right.
54784938_11_2
54784938
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physics%20of%20whistles
Physics of whistles
Physics of whistles. Hole tone (tea pot whistle, bird call) The frequency of the tone is determined by how often a vortex encountered the hole while moving at some speed u less than the initial jet speed. Since the jet slowed as it proceeded toward the hole, the speed of the vortex slowed with it, so the frequency and Strouhal number was greater at closer spacing. The Strouhal-number data showed clearly the almost linear relation between frequency and initial jet speed. In four of the distances tested, there were jumps between stage I and stage II. The hysteresis loops are clear indications of the complex nature of the jet instability gain structure.