patrickbdevaney/mia9 · Datasets at Hugging Face

text stringlengths 0 6.44k
Forest Biomass. Conserv. Lett. 2014, 7, 233–240, doi:10.1111/conl.12060.
30. Wanless, H.; Parkinson, R.; Tedesco, L. Sea level control on stability of Everglades wetlands. In Everglades:
The Ecosystem and Its Restoration; Davis, S.M., Ogden, J.C., Eds.; St. Lucie Press: Delray Beach, FL, USA, 1997;
pp. 199–223.
31. National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA). Sea Level Change, Observations from Space; 2017.
Available online: https://sealevel.nasa.gov/ (accessed on 10 July 2017).
32. Fuller, D.O.; Wang, Y. Recent Trends in Satellite Vegetation Index Observations Indicate Decreasing
Vegetation Biomass in the Southeastern Saline Everglades Wetlands. Wetlands 2014, 34, 67–77,
doi:10.1007/s13157-013-0483-0.
33. Doyle, T.W. Predicting Future Mangrove Forest Migration in the Everglades under Rising Sea Level; USGS Fact
Sheet FS-030-03, U.S. Department of the Interior; U.S. Geological Survey, March 2003. Available online:
https://www.nwrc.usgs.gov/factshts/030-03.pdf (accessed on 25 July 2017).
34. Park, J.; Stabenau, E. South Florida sea level rise projections, U.S. Department of Interior, National Park
Service, South Florida Natural Resources Center: Homestead, Florida, USA. High projection: http://nps.
maps.arcgis.com/home/webmap/viewer.html?layers=b61db3e154104ea486528c031390066c. Low projection:
http://nps.maps.arcgis.com/home/webmap/viewer.html?layers=87e87e094680431eab085a18adb36836
(accessed on 27 July 2017).
35. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Tidal Datums; 2016. Available online:
http://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/datum_options.html (accessed on 25 July 2017).
36. US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). Procedures to Evaluate Sea Level Change: Impacts, Responses and
Adaptation; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers: Washington, DC, USA. Technical Letter No. 1100-2-1,
30 June 2014. Available online: http://www.publications.usace.army.mil/Portals/76/Publications/
EngineerTechnicalLetters/ETL_1100-2-1.pdf (accessed on 25 July 2017).
37. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Tidal Datums and Their Applications, Special
Publication NOS CO-OPS 1; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service Center
for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services, 2001; p. 111. Available online: http://tidesandcurrents.
noaa.gov/publications/tidal_datums_and_their_applications.pdf (accessed on 25 July 2017).
38. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Vaca Key Tidal Datums; 2016. Available online:
http://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/datums.html?id=8723970 (accessed on 25 July 2017).
39. Gyory, J.; Rowe, E.; Mariano, A.; Ryan, E. The Florida Current; Ocean Surface Currents. The Rosenstiel School
of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 1992. Available online: http://oceancurrents.rsmas.
miami.edu/atlantic/florida.html (accessed on 25 July 2017).
40. Montgomery, R.B. Fluctuations in Monthly Sea Level on Eastern U. S. Coast as Related to Dynamics of
Western North Atlantic Ocean. J. Mar. Res. 1938, 1, 165–185.
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2017, 5, 31 26 of 26
41. Rahmstorf, S.; Box, J.; Feulner, G.; Mann, M.; Robinson, A.; Rutherford, S.; Schaffernicht, E. Exceptional
twentieth-century slowdown in Atlantic Ocean overturning circulation. Nat. Clim. Chang. 2015, 5, 475–480,
doi:10.1038/nclimate2554.
42. Smith, T.J., III; Anderson, G.H.; Balentine, K.; Tiling, G.; Ward, G.A.; Whelan, K.R.T. Cumulative Impacts of
Hurricanes on Florida Mangrove Ecosystems: Sediment Deposition, Storm Surges and Vegetation. Wetlands
2009, 29, 24–34, doi:10.1672/08-40.1.
43. Whelan, K.R.T.; Smith, T.J.; Anderson, G.H.; Ouellette, M.L. Hurricane Wilma’s impact on overall soil
elevation and zones within the soil profile in a mangrove forest. Wetlands 2009, 29, 16–23.
44. Needham, H.F.; Keim, B.D.; Satharaj, D.; Shafer, M. A Global Database of Tropical Storm Surges. EOS Trans.
2013, 94, 213–214.
45. Park, J.; Obeysekera, J.; Irizarry, M.; Trimble, P. Storm Surge Projections and Implications for Water
Management in South Florida. Clim. Chang. 2011, 107, 109–128, doi:10.1007/s10584-011-0079-8.

c 2017 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access
article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attributio
(CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

diversity
Article
Diversity and Structure of Soil Fungal Communities
across Experimental Everglades Tree Islands
Brianna K. Almeida 1
, Michael S. Ross 2,3, Susana L. Stoffella 3
, Jay P. Sah 3
, Eric Cline 4
,
Fred Sklar 4 and Michelle E. Afkhami 1,*
1 Biology Department, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA; b.almeida@miami.edu
2 Department of Earth and Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA;
rossm@fiu.edu
3
Institute of Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; stoffell@fiu.edu (S.L.S.);
sahj@fiu.edu (J.P.S.)
4 South Florida Water Management District, West Palm Beach, FL 33406, USA; ecline@sfwmd.gov (E.C.);
fsklar@sfwmd.gov (F.S.)
* Correspondence: michelle.afkhami@miami.edu; Tel.: +1-305-284-1796
Received: 29 June 2020; Accepted: 19 August 2020; Published: 25 August 2020


Abstract: Fungi play prominent roles in ecosystem services (e.g., nutrient cycling, decomposition)
and thus have increasingly garnered attention in restoration ecology. However, it is unclear how most
management decisions impact fungal communities, making it difficult to protect fungal diversity and
utilize fungi to improve restoration success. To understand the effects of restoration decisions and
environmental variation on fungal communities, we sequenced soil fungal microbiomes from 96 sites
across eight experimental Everglades tree islands approximately 15 years after restoration occurred.
We found that early restoration decisions can have enduring consequences for fungal communities.
Factors experimentally manipulated in 2003–2007 (e.g., type of island core) had significant legacy
effects on fungal community composition. Our results also emphasized the role of water regime
in fungal diversity, composition, and function. As the relative water level decreased, so did fungal
diversity, with an approximately 25% decline in the driest sites. Further, as the water level decreased,
the abundance of the plant pathogen–saprotroph guild increased, suggesting that low water may
increase plant-pathogen interactions. Our results indicate that early restoration decisions can have
long-term consequences for fungal community composition and function and suggest that a drier
future in the Everglades could reduce fungal diversity on imperiled tree islands.
Keywords: hydrology; pathogens; restoration; saprotrophs; soil microbiome; tree density; understory
plant community
1. Introduction
Fungi play important roles in many ecosystem functions and services, especially those that involve
soil [1,2], where they make up an estimated 55–85% of the microbial biomass [3,4]. These fungi are
crucial for the decomposition of organic carbon, cycling of nitrogen and phosphorus, and belowground
carbon sequestration [1,5–7]. Soil fungi also indirectly contribute to ecosystem function through
their interactions with primary producers. For instance, they affect plant growth and community
composition through pathogenic attacks on particular plant taxa, changes to plant–plant competition,
and beneficial interactions that ameliorate environmental stress [8–12]. Given the important ecological
roles of fungi and their interactions with primary producers, soil fungal communities can be a valuable

Forest Biomass. Conserv. Lett. 2014, 7, 233–240, doi:10.1111/conl.12060.

30. Wanless, H.; Parkinson, R.; Tedesco, L. Sea level control on stability of Everglades wetlands. In Everglades:

The Ecosystem and Its Restoration; Davis, S.M., Ogden, J.C., Eds.; St. Lucie Press: Delray Beach, FL, USA, 1997;

pp. 199–223.

31. National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA). Sea Level Change, Observations from Space; 2017.

Available online: https://sealevel.nasa.gov/ (accessed on 10 July 2017).

32. Fuller, D.O.; Wang, Y. Recent Trends in Satellite Vegetation Index Observations Indicate Decreasing

Vegetation Biomass in the Southeastern Saline Everglades Wetlands. Wetlands 2014, 34, 67–77,

doi:10.1007/s13157-013-0483-0.

33. Doyle, T.W. Predicting Future Mangrove Forest Migration in the Everglades under Rising Sea Level; USGS Fact

Sheet FS-030-03, U.S. Department of the Interior; U.S. Geological Survey, March 2003. Available online:

https://www.nwrc.usgs.gov/factshts/030-03.pdf (accessed on 25 July 2017).

34. Park, J.; Stabenau, E. South Florida sea level rise projections, U.S. Department of Interior, National Park

Service, South Florida Natural Resources Center: Homestead, Florida, USA. High projection: http://nps.

maps.arcgis.com/home/webmap/viewer.html?layers=b61db3e154104ea486528c031390066c. Low projection:

http://nps.maps.arcgis.com/home/webmap/viewer.html?layers=87e87e094680431eab085a18adb36836

(accessed on 27 July 2017).

35. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Tidal Datums; 2016. Available online:

http://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/datum_options.html (accessed on 25 July 2017).

36. US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). Procedures to Evaluate Sea Level Change: Impacts, Responses and

Adaptation; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers: Washington, DC, USA. Technical Letter No. 1100-2-1,

30 June 2014. Available online: http://www.publications.usace.army.mil/Portals/76/Publications/

EngineerTechnicalLetters/ETL_1100-2-1.pdf (accessed on 25 July 2017).

37. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Tidal Datums and Their Applications, Special

Publication NOS CO-OPS 1; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service Center

for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services, 2001; p. 111. Available online: http://tidesandcurrents.

noaa.gov/publications/tidal_datums_and_their_applications.pdf (accessed on 25 July 2017).

38. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Vaca Key Tidal Datums; 2016. Available online:

http://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/datums.html?id=8723970 (accessed on 25 July 2017).

39. Gyory, J.; Rowe, E.; Mariano, A.; Ryan, E. The Florida Current; Ocean Surface Currents. The Rosenstiel School

of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 1992. Available online: http://oceancurrents.rsmas.

miami.edu/atlantic/florida.html (accessed on 25 July 2017).

40. Montgomery, R.B. Fluctuations in Monthly Sea Level on Eastern U. S. Coast as Related to Dynamics of

Western North Atlantic Ocean. J. Mar. Res. 1938, 1, 165–185.

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2017, 5, 31 26 of 26

41. Rahmstorf, S.; Box, J.; Feulner, G.; Mann, M.; Robinson, A.; Rutherford, S.; Schaffernicht, E. Exceptional

twentieth-century slowdown in Atlantic Ocean overturning circulation. Nat. Clim. Chang. 2015, 5, 475–480,

doi:10.1038/nclimate2554.

42. Smith, T.J., III; Anderson, G.H.; Balentine, K.; Tiling, G.; Ward, G.A.; Whelan, K.R.T. Cumulative Impacts of

Hurricanes on Florida Mangrove Ecosystems: Sediment Deposition, Storm Surges and Vegetation. Wetlands

2009, 29, 24–34, doi:10.1672/08-40.1.

43. Whelan, K.R.T.; Smith, T.J.; Anderson, G.H.; Ouellette, M.L. Hurricane Wilma’s impact on overall soil

elevation and zones within the soil profile in a mangrove forest. Wetlands 2009, 29, 16–23.

44. Needham, H.F.; Keim, B.D.; Satharaj, D.; Shafer, M. A Global Database of Tropical Storm Surges. EOS Trans.

2013, 94, 213–214.

45. Park, J.; Obeysekera, J.; Irizarry, M.; Trimble, P. Storm Surge Projections and Implications for Water

Management in South Florida. Clim. Chang. 2011, 107, 109–128, doi:10.1007/s10584-011-0079-8.

c 2017 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access

article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attributio

(CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

diversity

Article

Diversity and Structure of Soil Fungal Communities

across Experimental Everglades Tree Islands

Brianna K. Almeida 1

, Michael S. Ross 2,3, Susana L. Stoffella 3

, Jay P. Sah 3

, Eric Cline 4

,

Fred Sklar 4 and Michelle E. Afkhami 1,*

1 Biology Department, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA; b.almeida@miami.edu

2 Department of Earth and Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA;

rossm@fiu.edu

3

Institute of Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; stoffell@fiu.edu (S.L.S.);

sahj@fiu.edu (J.P.S.)

4 South Florida Water Management District, West Palm Beach, FL 33406, USA; ecline@sfwmd.gov (E.C.);

fsklar@sfwmd.gov (F.S.)

* Correspondence: michelle.afkhami@miami.edu; Tel.: +1-305-284-1796

Received: 29 June 2020; Accepted: 19 August 2020; Published: 25 August 2020

Abstract: Fungi play prominent roles in ecosystem services (e.g., nutrient cycling, decomposition)

and thus have increasingly garnered attention in restoration ecology. However, it is unclear how most

management decisions impact fungal communities, making it difficult to protect fungal diversity and

utilize fungi to improve restoration success. To understand the effects of restoration decisions and

environmental variation on fungal communities, we sequenced soil fungal microbiomes from 96 sites

across eight experimental Everglades tree islands approximately 15 years after restoration occurred.

We found that early restoration decisions can have enduring consequences for fungal communities.

Factors experimentally manipulated in 2003–2007 (e.g., type of island core) had significant legacy

effects on fungal community composition. Our results also emphasized the role of water regime

in fungal diversity, composition, and function. As the relative water level decreased, so did fungal

diversity, with an approximately 25% decline in the driest sites. Further, as the water level decreased,

the abundance of the plant pathogen–saprotroph guild increased, suggesting that low water may

increase plant-pathogen interactions. Our results indicate that early restoration decisions can have

long-term consequences for fungal community composition and function and suggest that a drier

future in the Everglades could reduce fungal diversity on imperiled tree islands.

Keywords: hydrology; pathogens; restoration; saprotrophs; soil microbiome; tree density; understory

plant community

1. Introduction

Fungi play important roles in many ecosystem functions and services, especially those that involve

soil [1,2], where they make up an estimated 55–85% of the microbial biomass [3,4]. These fungi are

crucial for the decomposition of organic carbon, cycling of nitrogen and phosphorus, and belowground

carbon sequestration [1,5–7]. Soil fungi also indirectly contribute to ecosystem function through

their interactions with primary producers. For instance, they affect plant growth and community

composition through pathogenic attacks on particular plant taxa, changes to plant–plant competition,

and beneficial interactions that ameliorate environmental stress [8–12]. Given the important ecological

roles of fungi and their interactions with primary producers, soil fungal communities can be a valuable