polygraf-ai/ACL-abstracts · Datasets at Hugging Face

inproceedings

candito-etal-2014-deep

Deep Syntax Annotation of the Sequoia {F}rench Treebank

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1410/

Candito, Marie and Perrier, Guy and Guillaume, Bruno and Ribeyre, Corentin and Fort, Kar{\"en and Seddah, Djam{\'e and de la Clergerie, {\'Eric

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2298--2305

We define a deep syntactic representation scheme for French, which abstracts away from surface syntactic variation and diathesis alternations, and describe the annotation of deep syntactic representations on top of the surface dependency trees of the Sequoia corpus. The resulting deep-annotated corpus, named deep-sequoia, is freely available, and hopefully useful for corpus linguistics studies and for training deep analyzers to prepare semantic analysis.

null

67,446

inproceedings

candito-etal-2014-developing

Developing a {F}rench {F}rame{N}et: Methodology and First results

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1411/

Candito, Marie and Amsili, Pascal and Barque, Lucie and Benamara, Farah and de Chalendar, Ga{\"el and Djemaa, Marianne and Haas, Pauline and Huyghe, Richard and Mathieu, Yvette Yannick and Muller, Philippe and Sagot, Beno{\^it and Vieu, Laure

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1372--1379

The Asfalda project aims to develop a French corpus with frame-based semantic annotations and automatic tools for shallow semantic analysis. We present the first part of the project: focusing on a set of notional domains, we delimited a subset of English frames, adapted them to French data when necessary, and developed the corresponding French lexicon. We believe that working domain by domain helped us to enforce the coherence of the resulting resource, and also has the advantage that, though the number of frames is limited (around a hundred), we obtain full coverage within a given domain.

null

67,447

inproceedings

sabou-etal-2014-corpus

Corpus Annotation through Crowdsourcing: Towards Best Practice Guidelines

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1412/

Sabou, Marta and Bontcheva, Kalina and Derczynski, Leon and Scharl, Arno

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

859--866

Crowdsourcing is an emerging collaborative approach that can be used for the acquisition of annotated corpora and a wide range of other linguistic resources. Although the use of this approach is intensifying in all its key genres (paid-for crowdsourcing, games with a purpose, volunteering-based approaches), the community still lacks a set of best-practice guidelines similar to the annotation best practices for traditional, expert-based corpus acquisition. In this paper we focus on the use of crowdsourcing methods for corpus acquisition and propose a set of best practice guidelines based in our own experiences in this area and an overview of related literature. We also introduce GATE Crowd, a plugin of the GATE platform that relies on these guidelines and offers tool support for using crowdsourcing in a more principled and efficient manner.

null

67,448

inproceedings

korkontzelos-ananiadou-2014-locating

Locating Requests among Open Source Software Communication Messages

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1413/

Korkontzelos, Ioannis and Ananiadou, Sophia

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1347--1354

As a first step towards assessing the quality of support offered online for Open Source Software (OSS), we address the task of locating requests, i.e., messages that raise an issue to be addressed by the OSS community, as opposed to any other message. We present a corpus of online communication messages randomly sampled from newsgroups and bug trackers, manually annotated as requests or non-requests. We identify several linguistically shallow, content-based heuristics that correlate with the classification and investigate the extent to which they can serve as independent classification criteria. Then, we train machine-learning classifiers on these heuristics. We experiment with a wide range of settings, such as different learners, excluding some heuristics and adding unigram features of various parts-of-speech and frequency. We conclude that some heuristics can perform well, while their accuracy can be improved further using machine learning, at the cost of obtaining manual annotations.

null

67,449

inproceedings

rysova-mirovsky-2014-valency

Valency and Word Order in {C}zech {---} A Corpus Probe

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1414/

Rysov{\'a}, Kate{\v{r}}ina and M{\'i}rovsk{\'y}, Ji{\v{r}}{\'i}

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

975--980

We present a part of broader research on word order aiming at finding factors influencing word order in Czech (i.e. in an inflectional language) and their intensity. The main aim of the paper is to test a hypothesis that obligatory adverbials (in terms of the valency) follow the non-obligatory (i.e. optional) ones in the surface word order. The determined hypothesis was tested by creating a list of features for the decision trees algorithm and by searching in data of the Prague Dependency Treebank using the search tool PML Tree Query. Apart from the valency, our experiment also evaluates importance of several other features, such as argument length and deep syntactic function. Neither of the used methods has proved the given hypothesis but according to the results, there are several other features that influence word order of contextually non-bound free modifiers of a verb in Czech, namely position of the sentence in the text, form and length of the verb modifiers (the whole subtrees), and the semantic dependency relation (functor) of the modifiers.

null

67,450

inproceedings

declerck-krieger-2014-harmonization

Harmonization of {G}erman Lexical Resources for Opinion Mining

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1415/

Declerck, Thierry and Krieger, Hans-Ulrich

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3872--3876

We present on-going work on the harmonization of existing German lexical resources in the field of opinion and sentiment mining. The input of our harmonization effort consisted in four distinct lexicons of German word forms, encoded either as lemmas or as full forms, marked up with polarity features, at distinct granularity levels. We describe how the lexical resources have been mapped onto each other, generating a unique list of entries, with unified Part-of-Speech information and basic polarity features. Future work will be dedicated to the comparison of the harmonized lexicon with German corpora annotated with polarity information. We are further aiming at both linking the harmonized German lexical resources with similar resources in other languages and publishing the resulting set of lexical data in the context of the Linguistic Linked Open Data cloud.

null

67,451

inproceedings

sevcikova-zabokrtsky-2014-word

Word-Formation Network for {C}zech

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1416/

{\v{S}}ev{\v{c}}{\'i}kov{\'a}, Magda and {\v{Z}}abokrtsk{\'y}, Zden{\v{e}}k

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1087--1093

In the present paper, we describe the development of the lexical network DeriNet, which captures core word-formation relations on the set of around 266 thousand Czech lexemes. The network is currently limited to derivational relations because derivation is the most frequent and most productive word-formation process in Czech. This limitation is reflected in the architecture of the network: each lexeme is allowed to be linked up with just a single base word; composition as well as combined processes (composition with derivation) are thus not included. After a brief summarization of theoretical descriptions of Czech derivation and the state of the art of NLP approaches to Czech derivation, we discuss the linguistic background of the network and introduce the formal structure of the network and the semi-automatic annotation procedure. The network was initialized with a set of lexemes whose existence was supported by corpus evidence. Derivational links were created using three sources of information: links delivered by a tool for morphological analysis, links based on an automatically discovered set of derivation rules, and on a grammar-based set of rules. Finally, we propose some research topics which could profit from the existence of such lexical network.

null

67,452

inproceedings

bost-moore-2014-analysis

An Analysis of Older Users' Interactions with Spoken Dialogue Systems

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1417/

Bost, Jamie and Moore, Johanna

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1176--1181

This study explores communication differences between older and younger users with a task-oriented spoken dialogue system. Previous analyses of the MATCH corpus show that older users have significantly longer dialogues than younger users and that they are less satisfied with the system. Open questions remain regarding the relationship between information recall and cognitive abilities. This study documents a length annotation scheme designed to explore causes of additional length in the dialogues and the relationships between length, cognitive abilities, user satisfaction, and information recall. Results show that primary causes of older users additional length include using polite vocabulary, providing additional information relevant to the task, and using full sentences to respond to the system. Regression models were built to predict length from cognitive abilities and user satisfaction from length. Overall, users with higher cognitive ability scores had shorter dialogues than users with lower cognitive ability scores, and users with shorter dialogues were more satisfied with the system than users with longer dialogues. Dialogue length and cognitive abilities were significantly correlated with information recall. Overall, older users tended to use a human-to-human communication style with the system, whereas younger users tended to adopt a factual interaction style.

null

67,453

inproceedings

volk-etal-2014-innovations

Innovations in Parallel Corpus Search Tools

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1418/

Volk, Martin and Gra{\"en, Johannes and Callegaro, Elena

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3172--3178

Recent years have seen an increased interest in and availability of parallel corpora. Large corpora from international organizations (e.g. European Union, United Nations, European Patent Office), or from multilingual Internet sites (e.g. OpenSubtitles) are now easily available and are used for statistical machine translation but also for online search by different user groups. This paper gives an overview of different usages and different types of search systems. In the past, parallel corpus search systems were based on sentence-aligned corpora. We argue that automatic word alignment allows for major innovations in searching parallel corpora. Some online query systems already employ word alignment for sorting translation variants, but none supports the full query functionality that has been developed for parallel treebanks. We propose to develop such a system for efficiently searching large parallel corpora with a powerful query language.

null

67,454

inproceedings

more-climent-2014-machine

Machine Translationness: Machine-likeness in Machine Translation Evaluation

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1419/

Mor{\'e}, Joaquim and Climent, Salvador

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

54--61

Machine translationness (MTness) is the linguistic phenomena that make machine translations distinguishable from human translations. This paper intends to present MTness as a research object and suggests an MT evaluation method based on determining whether the translation is machine-like instead of determining its human-likeness as in evaluation current approaches. The method rates the MTness of a translation with a metric, the MTS (Machine Translationness Score). The MTS calculation is in accordance with the results of an experimental study on machine translation perception by common people. MTS proved to correlate well with human ratings on translation quality. Besides, our approach allows the performance of cheap evaluations since expensive resources (e.g. reference translations, training corpora) are not needed. The paper points out the challenge of dealing with MTness as an everyday phenomenon caused by the massive use of MT.

null

67,455

inproceedings

morardo-villemonte-de-la-clergerie-2014-towards

Towards an environment for the production and the validation of lexical semantic resources

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1420/

Morardo, Mika{\"el and Villemonte de la Clergerie, {\'Eric

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

867--874

We present the components of a processing chain for the creation, visualization, and validation of lexical resources (formed of terms and relations between terms). The core of the chain is a component for building lexical networks relying on Harris' distributional hypothesis applied on the syntactic dependencies produced by the French parser FRMG on large corpora. Another important aspect concerns the use of an online interface for the visualization and collaborative validation of the resulting resources.

null

67,456

inproceedings

gratch-etal-2014-distress

The Distress Analysis Interview Corpus of human and computer interviews

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1421/

Gratch, Jonathan and Artstein, Ron and Lucas, Gale and Stratou, Giota and Scherer, Stefan and Nazarian, Angela and Wood, Rachel and Boberg, Jill and DeVault, David and Marsella, Stacy and Traum, David and Rizzo, Skip and Morency, Louis-Philippe

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3123--3128

The Distress Analysis Interview Corpus (DAIC) contains clinical interviews designed to support the diagnosis of psychological distress conditions such as anxiety, depression, and post traumatic stress disorder. The interviews are conducted by humans, human controlled agents and autonomous agents, and the participants include both distressed and non-distressed individuals. Data collected include audio and video recordings and extensive questionnaire responses; parts of the corpus have been transcribed and annotated for a variety of verbal and non-verbal features. The corpus has been used to support the creation of an automated interviewer agent, and for research on the automatic identification of psychological distress.

null

67,457

inproceedings

bigi-etal-2014-representing

Representing Multimodal Linguistic Annotated data

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1422/

Bigi, Brigitte and Watanabe, Tatsuya and Pr{\'e}vot, Laurent

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3386--3392

The question of interoperability for linguistic annotated resources covers different aspects. First, it requires a representation framework making it possible to compare, and eventually merge, different annotation schema. In this paper, a general description level representing the multimodal linguistic annotations is proposed. It focuses on time representation and on the data content representation: This paper reconsiders and enhances the current and generalized representation of annotations. An XML schema of such annotations is proposed. A Python API is also proposed. This framework is implemented in a multi-platform software and distributed under the terms of the GNU Public License.

null

67,458

inproceedings

gilmanov-etal-2014-swift

{SWIFT} Aligner, A Multifunctional Tool for Parallel Corpora: Visualization, Word Alignment, and (Morpho)-Syntactic Cross-Language Transfer

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1423/

Gilmanov, Timur and Scrivner, Olga and K{\"ubler, Sandra

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2913--2919

It is well known that word aligned parallel corpora are valuable linguistic resources. Since many factors affect automatic alignment quality, manual post-editing may be required in some applications. While there are several state-of-the-art word-aligners, such as GIZA++ and Berkeley, there is no simple visual tool that would enable correcting and editing aligned corpora of different formats. We have developed SWIFT Aligner, a free, portable software that allows for visual representation and editing of aligned corpora from several most commonly used formats: TALP, GIZA, and NAACL. In addition, our tool has incorporated part-of-speech and syntactic dependency transfer from an annotated source language into an unannotated target language, by means of word-alignment.

null

67,459

inproceedings

orr-etal-2014-semi

Semi-automatic annotation of the {UCU} accents speech corpus

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1424/

Orr, Rosemary and Huijbregts, Marijn and van Beek, Roeland and Teunissen, Lisa and Backhouse, Kate and van Leeuwen, David

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1483--1487

Annotation and labeling of speech tasks in large multitask speech corpora is a necessary part of preparing a corpus for distribution. We address three approaches to annotation and labeling: manual, semi automatic and automatic procedures for labeling the UCU Accent Project speech data, a multilingual multitask longitudinal speech corpus. Accuracy and minimal time investment are the priorities in assessing the efficacy of each procedure. While manual labeling based on aural and visual input should produce the most accurate results, this approach is error-prone because of its repetitive nature. A semi automatic event detection system requiring manual rejection of false alarms and location and labeling of misses provided the best results. A fully automatic system could not be applied to entire speech recordings because of the variety of tasks and genres. However, it could be used to annotate separate sentences within a specific task. Acoustic confidence measures can correctly detect sentences that do not match the text with an EER of 3.3{\%}

null

67,460

inproceedings

amaral-etal-2014-comparative

Comparative Analysis of {P}ortuguese Named Entities Recognition Tools

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1425/

Amaral, Daniela and Fonseca, Evandro and Lopes, Lucelene and Vieira, Renata

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2554--2558

This paper describes an experiment to compare four tools to recognize named entities in Portuguese texts. The experiment was made over the HAREM corpora, a golden standard for named entities recognition in Portuguese. The tools experimented are based on natural language processing techniques and also machine learning. Specifically, one of the tools is based on Conditional random fields, an unsupervised machine learning model that has being used to named entities recognition in several languages, while the other tools follow more traditional natural language approaches. The comparison results indicate advantages for different tools according to the different classes of named entities. Despite of such balance among tools, we conclude pointing out foreseeable advantages to the machine learning based tool.

null

67,461

inproceedings

santos-etal-2014-corpus

A corpus of {E}uropean {P}ortuguese child and child-directed speech

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1426/

Santos, Ana L{\'u}cia and G{\'e}n{\'e}reux, Michel and Cardoso, Aida and Agostinho, Celina and Abalada, Silvana

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1488--1491

We present a corpus of child and child-directed speech of European Portuguese. This corpus results from the expansion of an already existing database (Santos, 2006). It includes around 52 hours of child-adult interaction and now contains 27,595 child utterances and 70,736 adult utterances. The corpus was transcribed according to the CHILDES system (Child Language Data Exchange System) and using the CLAN software (MacWhinney, 2000). The corpus itself represents a valuable resource for the study of lexical, syntax and discourse acquisition. In this paper, we also show how we used an existing part-of-speech tagger trained on written material (G{\'e}n{\'e}reux, Hendrickx {\&} Mendes, 2012) to automatically lemmatize and tag child and child-directed speech and generate a line with part-of-speech information compatible with the CLAN interface. We show that a POS-tagger trained on the analysis of written language can be exploited for the treatment of spoken material with minimal effort, with only a small number of written rules assisting the statistical model.

null

67,462

inproceedings

barzdins-etal-2014-using

Using C5.0 and Exhaustive Search for Boosting Frame-Semantic Parsing Accuracy

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1427/

Barzdins, Guntis and Gosko, Didzis and Rituma, Laura and Paikens, Peteris

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

4476--4482

Frame-semantic parsing is a kind of automatic semantic role labeling performed according to the FrameNet paradigm. The paper reports a novel approach for boosting frame-semantic parsing accuracy through the use of the C5.0 decision tree classifier, a commercial version of the popular C4.5 decision tree classifier, and manual rule enhancement. Additionally, the possibility to replace C5.0 by an exhaustive search based algorithm (nicknamed C6.0) is described, leading to even higher frame-semantic parsing accuracy at the expense of slightly increased training time. The described approach is particularly efficient for languages with small FrameNet annotated corpora as it is for Latvian, which is used for illustration. Frame-semantic parsing accuracy achieved for Latvian through the C6.0 algorithm is on par with the state-of-the-art English frame-semantic parsers. The paper includes also a frame-semantic parsing use-case for extracting structured information from unstructured newswire texts, sometimes referred to as bridging of the semantic gap.

null

67,463

inproceedings

lyding-etal-2014-interhist

{\textquoteleft}inter{H}ist' - an interactive visual interface for corpus exploration

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1428/

Lyding, Verena and Nicolas, Lionel and Stemle, Egon

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

635--641

In this article, we present interHist, a compact visualization for the interactive exploration of results to complex corpus queries. Integrated with a search interface to the PAISA corpus of Italian web texts, interHist aims at facilitating the exploration of large results sets to linguistic corpus searches. This objective is approached by providing an interactive visual overview of the data, which supports the user-steered navigation by means of interactive filtering. It allows to dynamically switch between an overview on the data and a detailed view on results in their immediate textual context, thus helping to detect and inspect relevant hits more efficiently. We provide background information on corpus linguistics and related work on visualizations for language and linguistic data. We introduce the architecture of interHist, by detailing the data structure it relies on, describing the visualization design and providing technical details of the implementation and its integration with the corpus querying environment. Finally, we illustrate its usage by presenting a use case for the analysis of the composition of Italian noun phrases.

null

67,464

inproceedings

boos-etal-2014-identification

Identification of Multiword Expressions in the br{W}a{C}

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1429/

Boos, Rodrigo and Prestes, Kassius and Villavicencio, Aline

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

728--735

Although corpus size is a well known factor that affects the performance of many NLP tasks, for many languages large freely available corpora are still scarce. In this paper we describe one effort to build a very large corpus for Brazilian Portuguese, the brWaC, generated following the Web as Corpus kool initiative. To indirectly assess the quality of the resulting corpus we examined the impact of corpus origin in a specific task, the identification of Multiword Expressions with association measures, against a standard corpus. Focusing on nominal compounds, the expressions obtained from each corpus are of comparable quality and indicate that corpus origin has no impact on this task.

null

67,465

inproceedings

pereira-etal-2014-collocation

Collocation or Free Combination? {---} Applying Machine Translation Techniques to identify collocations in {J}apanese

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1430/

Pereira, Lis and Strafella, Elga and Matsumoto, Yuji

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

736--739

This work presents an initial investigation on how to distinguish collocations from free combinations. The assumption is that, while free combinations can be literally translated, the overall meaning of collocations is different from the sum of the translation of its parts. Based on that, we verify whether a machine translation system can help us perform such distinction. Results show that it improves the precision compared with standard methods of collocation identification through statistical association measures.

null

67,466

inproceedings

kilgarriff-etal-2014-extrinsic

Extrinsic Corpus Evaluation with a Collocation Dictionary Task

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1431/

Kilgarriff, Adam and Rychl{\'y}, Pavel and Jakub{\'i}{\v{c}}ek, Milo{\v{s}} and Kov{\'a}{\v{r}}, Vojt{\v{e}}ch and Baisa, V{\'i}t and Kocincov{\'a}, Lucia

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

545--552

The NLP researcher or application-builder often wonders {\textquotedblleft}what corpus should I use, or should I build one of my own? If I build one of my own, how will I know if I have done a good job?{\textquotedblright} Currently there is very little help available for them. They are in need of a framework for evaluating corpora. We develop such a framework, in relation to corpora which aim for good coverage of {\textquoteleft}general language'. The task we set is automatic creation of a publication-quality collocations dictionary. For a sample of 100 headwords of Czech and 100 of English, we identify a gold standard dataset of (ideally) all the collocations that should appear for these headwords in such a dictionary. The datasets are being made available alongside this paper. We then use them to determine precision and recall for a range of corpora, with a range of parameters.

null

67,467

inproceedings

estival-etal-2014-austalk

{A}us{T}alk: an audio-visual corpus of {A}ustralian {E}nglish

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1432/

Estival, Dominique and Cassidy, Steve and Cox, Felicity and Burnham, Denis

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3105--3109

This paper describes the AusTalk corpus, which was designed and created through the Big ASC, a collaborative project with the two main goals of providing a standardised infrastructure for audio-visual recordings in Australia and of producing a large audio-visual corpus of Australian English, with 3 hours of AV recordings for 1000 speakers. We first present the overall project, then describe the corpus itself and its components, the strict data collection protocol with high levels of standardisation and automation, and the processes put in place for quality control. We also discuss the annotation phase of the project, along with its goals and challenges; a major contribution of the project has been to explore procedures for automating annotations and we present our solutions. We conclude with the current status of the corpus and with some examples of research already conducted with this new resource. AusTalk is one of the corpora included in the HCS vLab, which is briefly sketched in the conclusion.

null

67,468

inproceedings

schneider-etal-2014-comprehensive

Comprehensive Annotation of Multiword Expressions in a Social Web Corpus

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1433/

Schneider, Nathan and Onuffer, Spencer and Kazour, Nora and Danchik, Emily and Mordowanec, Michael T. and Conrad, Henrietta and Smith, Noah A.

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

455--461

Multiword expressions (MWEs) are quite frequent in languages such as English, but their diversity, the scarcity of individual MWE types, and contextual ambiguity have presented obstacles to corpus-based studies and NLP systems addressing them as a class. Here we advocate for a comprehensive annotation approach: proceeding sentence by sentence, our annotators manually group tokens into MWEs according to guidelines that cover a broad range of multiword phenomena. Under this scheme, we have fully annotated an English web corpus for multiword expressions, including those containing gaps.

null

67,469

inproceedings

taba-caseli-2014-automatic

Automatic semantic relation extraction from {P}ortuguese texts

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1434/

Taba, Leonardo Sameshima and Caseli, Helena

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2739--2746

Nowadays we are facing a growing demand for semantic knowledge in computational applications, particularly in Natural Language Processing (NLP). However, there aren`t sufficient human resources to produce that knowledge at the same rate of its demand. Considering the Portuguese language, which has few resources in the semantic area, the situation is even more alarming. Aiming to solve that problem, this work investigates how some semantic relations can be automatically extracted from Portuguese texts. The two main approaches investigated here are based on (i) textual patterns and (ii) machine learning algorithms. Thus, this work investigates how and to which extent these two approaches can be applied to the automatic extraction of seven binary semantic relations (is-a, part-of, location-of, effect-of, property-of, made-of and used-for) in Portuguese texts. The results indicate that machine learning, in particular Support Vector Machines, is a promising technique for the task, although textual patterns presented better results for the used-for relation.

null

67,470

inproceedings

bouamor-etal-2014-multidialectal

A Multidialectal Parallel Corpus of {A}rabic

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1435/

Bouamor, Houda and Habash, Nizar and Oflazer, Kemal

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1240--1245

The daily spoken variety of Arabic is often termed the colloquial or dialect form of Arabic. There are many Arabic dialects across the Arab World and within other Arabic speaking communities. These dialects vary widely from region to region and to a lesser extent from city to city in each region. The dialects are not standardized, they are not taught, and they do not have official status. However they are the primary vehicles of communication (face-to-face and recently, online) and have a large presence in the arts as well. In this paper, we present the first multidialectal Arabic parallel corpus, a collection of 2,000 sentences in Standard Arabic, Egyptian, Tunisian, Jordanian, Palestinian and Syrian Arabic, in addition to English. Such parallel data does not exist naturally, which makes this corpus a very valuable resource that has many potential applications such as Arabic dialect identification and machine translation.

null

67,471

inproceedings

navarretta-lis-2014-transfer

Transfer learning of feedback head expressions in {D}anish and {P}olish comparable multimodal corpora

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1436/

Navarretta, Costanza and Lis, Magdalena

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3597--3603

The paper is an investigation of the reusability of the annotations of head movements in a corpus in a language to predict the feedback functions of head movements in a comparable corpus in another language. The two corpora consist of naturally occurring triadic conversations in Danish and Polish, which were annotated according to the same scheme. The intersection of common annotation features was used in the experiments. A Na{\"ive Bayes classifier was trained on the annotations of a corpus and tested on the annotations of the other corpus. Training and test datasets were then reversed and the experiments repeated. The results show that the classifier identifies more feedback behaviours than the majority baseline in both cases and the improvements are significant. The performance of the classifier decreases significantly compared with the results obtained when training and test data belong to the same corpus. Annotating multimodal data is resource consuming, thus the results are promising. However, they also confirm preceding studies that have identified both similarities and differences in the use of feedback head movements in different languages. Since our datasets are small and only regard a communicative behaviour in two languages, the experiments should be tested on more data types.

null

67,472

inproceedings

espla-gomis-etal-2014-comparing

Comparing two acquisition systems for automatically building an {E}nglish{---}{C}roatian parallel corpus from multilingual websites

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1437/

Espl{\`a}-Gomis, Miquel and Klubi{\v{c}}ka, Filip and Ljube{\v{s}}i{\'c}, Nikola and Ortiz-Rojas, Sergio and Papavassiliou, Vassilis and Prokopidis, Prokopis

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1252--1258

In this paper we compare two tools for automatically harvesting bitexts from multilingual websites: bitextor and ILSP-FC. We used both tools for crawling 21 multilingual websites from the tourism domain to build a domain-specific English{\textemdash}Croatian parallel corpus. Different settings were tried for both tools and 10,662 unique document pairs were obtained. A sample of about 10{\%} of them was manually examined and the success rate was computed on the collection of pairs of documents detected by each setting. We compare the performance of the settings and the amount of different corpora detected by each setting. In addition, we describe the resource obtained, both by the settings and through the human evaluation, which has been released as a high-quality parallel corpus.

null

67,473

inproceedings

gotti-etal-2014-hashtag

Hashtag Occurrences, Layout and Translation: A Corpus-driven Analysis of Tweets Published by the {C}anadian Government

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1438/

Gotti, Fabrizio and Langlais, Phillippe and Farzindar, Atefeh

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2254--2261

We present an aligned bilingual corpus of 8758 tweet pairs in French and English, derived from Canadian government agencies. Hashtags appear in a tweet`s prologue, announcing its topic, or in the tweet`s text in lieu of traditional words, or in an epilogue. Hashtags are words prefixed with a pound sign in 80{\%} of the cases. The rest is mostly multiword hashtags, for which we describe a segmentation algorithm. A manual analysis of the bilingual alignment of 5000 hashtags shows that 5{\%} (French) to 18{\%} (English) of them don`t have a counterpart in their containing tweet`s translation. This analysis shows that 80{\%} of multiword hashtags are correctly translated by humans, and that the mistranslation of the rest may be due to incomplete translation directives regarding social media. We show how these resources and their analysis can guide the design of a machine translation pipeline, and its evaluation. A baseline system implementing a tweet-specific tokenizer yields promising results. The system is improved by translating epilogues, prologues, and text separately. We attempt to feed the SMT engine with the original hashtag and some alternatives ({\textquotedblleft}dehashed{\textquotedblright} version or a segmented version of multiword hashtags), but translation quality improves at the cost of hashtag recall.

null

67,474

inproceedings

orasmaa-2014-towards

Towards an Integration of Syntactic and Temporal Annotations in {E}stonian

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1439/

Orasmaa, Siim

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1259--1266

We investigate the question how manually created syntactic annotations can be used to analyse and improve consistency in manually created temporal annotations. Our work introduces an annotation project for Estonian, where temporal annotations in TimeML framework were manually added to a corpus containing gold standard morphological and dependency syntactic annotations. In the first part of our work, we evaluate the consistency of manual temporal annotations, focusing on event annotations. We use syntactic annotations to distinguish different event annotation models, and we observe highest inter-annotator agreements on models representing prototypical events (event verbs and events being part of the syntactic predicate of clause). In the second part of our work, we investigate how to improve consistency between syntactic and temporal annotations. We test on whether syntactic annotations can be used to validate temporal annotations: to find missing or partial annotations. Although the initial results indicate that such validation is promising, we also note that a better bridging between temporal (semantic) and syntactic annotations is needed for a complete automatic validation.

null

67,475

inproceedings

bastianelli-etal-2014-huric

{H}u{RIC}: a Human Robot Interaction Corpus

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1440/

Bastianelli, Emanuele and Castellucci, Giuseppe and Croce, Danilo and Iocchi, Luca and Basili, Roberto and Nardi, Daniele

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

4519--4526

Recent years show the development of large scale resources (e.g. FrameNet for the Frame Semantics) that supported the definition of several state-of-the-art approaches in Natural Language Processing. However, the reuse of existing resources in heterogeneous domains such as Human Robot Interaction is not straightforward. The generalization offered by many data driven methods is strongly biased by the employed data, whose performance in out-of-domain conditions exhibit large drops. In this paper, we present the Human Robot Interaction Corpus (HuRIC). It is made of audio files paired with their transcriptions referring to commands for a robot, e.g. in a home environment. The recorded sentences are annotated with different kinds of linguistic information, ranging from morphological and syntactic information to rich semantic information, according to the Frame Semantics, to characterize robot actions, and Spatial Semantics, to capture the robot environment. All texts are represented through the Abstract Meaning Representation, to adopt a simple but expressive representation of commands, that can be easily translated into the internal representation of the robot.

null

67,476

inproceedings

daems-etal-2014-origin

On the origin of errors: A fine-grained analysis of {MT} and {PE} errors and their relationship

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1441/

Daems, Joke and Macken, Lieve and Vandepitte, Sonia

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

62--66

In order to improve the symbiosis between machine translation (MT) system and post-editor, it is not enough to know that the output of one system is better than the output of another system. A fine-grained error analysis is needed to provide information on the type and location of errors occurring in MT and the corresponding errors occurring after post-editing (PE). This article reports on a fine-grained translation quality assessment approach which was applied to machine translated-texts and the post-edited versions of these texts, made by student post-editors. By linking each error to the corresponding source text-passage, it is possible to identify passages that were problematic in MT, but not after PE, or passages that were problematic even after PE. This method provides rich data on the origin and impact of errors, which can be used to improve post-editor training as well as machine translation systems. We present the results of a pilot experiment on the post-editing of newspaper articles and highlight the advantages of our approach.

null

67,477

inproceedings

salvi-vanhainen-2014-wavesurfer

The {W}ave{S}urfer Automatic Speech Recognition Plugin

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1442/

Salvi, Giampiero and Vanhainen, Niklas

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3067--3071

This paper presents a plugin that adds automatic speech recognition (ASR) functionality to the WaveSurfer sound manipulation and visualisation program. The plugin allows the user to run continuous speech recognition on spoken utterances, or to align an already available orthographic transcription to the spoken material. The plugin is distributed as free software and is based on free resources, namely the Julius speech recognition engine and a number of freely available ASR resources for different languages. Among these are the acoustic and language models we have created for Swedish using the NST database.

null

67,478

inproceedings

korvas-etal-2014-free

Free {E}nglish and {C}zech telephone speech corpus shared under the {CC}-{BY}-{SA} 3.0 license

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1443/

Korvas, Mat{\v{e}}j and Pl{\'a}tek, Ond{\v{r}}ej and Du{\v{s}}ek, Ond{\v{r}}ej and {\v{Z}}ilka, Luk{\'a}{\v{s}} and Jur{\v{c}}{\'i}{\v{c}}ek, Filip

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

4423--4428

We present a dataset of telephone conversations in English and Czech, developed for training acoustic models for automatic speech recognition (ASR) in spoken dialogue systems (SDSs). The data comprise 45 hours of speech in English and over 18 hours in Czech. Large part of the data, both audio and transcriptions, was collected using crowdsourcing, the rest are transcriptions by hired transcribers. We release the data together with scripts for data pre-processing and building acoustic models using the HTK and Kaldi ASR toolkits. We publish also the trained models described in this paper. The data are released under the CC-BY-SA 3.0 license, the scripts are licensed under Apache 2.0. In the paper, we report on the methodology of collecting the data, on the size and properties of the data, and on the scripts and their use. We verify the usability of the datasets by training and evaluating acoustic models using the presented data and scripts.

null

67,479

inproceedings

schlaf-etal-2014-creating

Creating a Gold Standard Corpus for the Extraction of Chemistry-Disease Relations from Patent Texts

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1444/

Schlaf, Antje and Bobach, Claudia and Irmer, Matthias

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2057--2061

This paper describes the creation of a gold standard for chemistry-disease relations in patent texts. We start with an automated annotation of named entities of the domains chemistry (e.g. propranolol) and diseases (e.g. hypertension) as well as of related domains like methods and substances. After that, domain-relevant relations between these entities, e.g. propranolol treats hypertension, have been manually annotated. The corpus is intended to be suitable for developing and evaluating relation extraction methods. In addition, we present two reasoning methods of high precision for automatically extending the set of extracted relations. Chain reasoning provides a method to infer and integrate additional, indirectly expressed relations occurring in relation chains. Enumeration reasoning exploits the frequent occurrence of enumerations in patents and automatically derives additional relations. These two methods are applicable both for verifying and extending the manually annotated data as well as for potential improvements of automatic relation extraction.

null

67,480

inproceedings

polychroniou-etal-2014-sspnet

The {SSPN}et-Mobile Corpus: Social Signal Processing Over Mobile Phones.

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1445/

Polychroniou, Anna and Salamin, Hugues and Vinciarelli, Alessandro

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1492--1498

This article presents the SSPNet-Mobile Corpus, a collection of 60 mobile phone calls between unacquainted individuals (120 subjects). The corpus is designed to support research on non-verbal behavior and it has been manually annotated into conversational topics and behavioral events (laughter, fillers, back-channel, etc.). Furthermore, the corpus includes, for each subject, psychometric questionnaires measuring personality, conflict attitude and interpersonal attraction. Besides presenting the main characteristics of the corpus (scenario, subjects, experimental protocol, sensing approach, psychometric measurements), the paper reviews the main results obtained so far using the data.

null

67,481

inproceedings

wroblewska-przepiorkowski-2014-projection

Projection-based Annotation of a {P}olish Dependency Treebank

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1446/

Wr{\'o}blewska, Alina and Przepi{\'o}rkowski, Adam

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2306--2312

This paper presents an approach of automatic annotation of sentences with dependency structures. The approach builds on the idea of cross-lingual dependency projection. The presented method of acquiring dependency trees involves a weighting factor in the processes of projecting source dependency relations to target sentences and inducing well-formed target dependency trees from sets of projected dependency relations. Using a parallel corpus, source trees are transferred onto equivalent target sentences via an extended set of alignment links. Projected arcs are initially weighted according to the certainty of word alignment links. Then, arc weights are recalculated using a method based on the EM selection algorithm. Maximum spanning trees selected from EM-scored digraphs and labelled with appropriate grammatical functions constitute a target dependency treebank. Extrinsic evaluation shows that parsers trained on such a treebank may perform comparably to parsers trained on a manually developed treebank.

null

67,482

inproceedings

lebani-etal-2014-bootstrapping

Bootstrapping an {I}talian {V}erb{N}et: data-driven analysis of verb alternations

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1447/

Lebani, Gianluca and Viola, Veronica and Lenci, Alessandro

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1127--1134

The goal of this paper is to propose a classification of the syntactic alternations admitted by the most frequent Italian verbs. The data-driven two-steps procedure exploited and the structure of the identified classes of alternations are presented in depth and discussed. Even if this classification has been developed with a practical application in mind, namely the semi-automatic building of a VerbNet-like lexicon for Italian verbs, partly following the methodology proposed in the context of the VerbNet project, its availability may have a positive impact on several related research topics and Natural Language Processing tasks

null

67,483

inproceedings

celebi-ozgur-2014-self

Self-training a Constituency Parser using n-gram Trees

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1448/

{\c{Celebi, Arda and {\"Ozg{\"ur, Arzucan

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2893--2896

In this study, we tackle the problem of self-training a feature-rich discriminative constituency parser. We approach the self-training problem with the assumption that while the full sentence parse tree produced by a parser may contain errors, some portions of it are more likely to be correct. We hypothesize that instead of feeding the parser the guessed full sentence parse trees of its own, we can break them down into smaller ones, namely n-gram trees, and perform self-training on them. We build an n-gram parser and transfer the distinct expertise of the $n$-gram parser to the full sentence parser by using the Hierarchical Joint Learning (HJL) approach. The resulting jointly self-trained parser obtains slight improvement over the baseline.

null

67,484

inproceedings

jawaid-etal-2014-tagged

A Tagged Corpus and a Tagger for {U}rdu

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1449/

Jawaid, Bushra and Kamran, Amir and Bojar, Ond{\v{r}}ej

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2938--2943

In this paper, we describe a release of a sizeable monolingual Urdu corpus automatically tagged with part-of-speech tags. We extend the work of Jawaid and Bojar (2012) who use three different taggers and then apply a voting scheme to disambiguate among the different choices suggested by each tagger. We run this complex ensemble on a large monolingual corpus and release the tagged corpus. Additionally, we use this data to train a single standalone tagger which will hopefully significantly simplify Urdu processing. The standalone tagger obtains the accuracy of 88.74{\%} on test data.

null

67,485

inproceedings

cholakov-etal-2014-lexical

Lexical Substitution Dataset for {G}erman

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1450/

Cholakov, Kostadin and Biemann, Chris and Eckle-Kohler, Judith and Gurevych, Iryna

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1406--1411

This article describes a lexical substitution dataset for German. The whole dataset contains 2,040 sentences from the German Wikipedia, with one target word in each sentence. There are 51 target nouns, 51 adjectives, and 51 verbs randomly selected from 3 frequency groups based on the lemma frequency list of the German WaCKy corpus. 200 sentences have been annotated by 4 professional annotators and the remaining sentences by 1 professional annotator and 5 additional annotators who have been recruited via crowdsourcing. The resulting dataset can be used to evaluate not only lexical substitution systems, but also different sense inventories and word sense disambiguation systems.

null

67,486

inproceedings

romeo-etal-2014-cascade

A cascade approach for complex-type classification

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1451/

Romeo, Lauren and Mendes, Sara and Bel, N{\'u}ria

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

4451--4458

The work detailed in this paper describes a 2-step cascade approach for the classification of complex-type nominals. We describe an experiment that demonstrates how a cascade approach performs when the task consists in distinguishing nominals from a given complex-type from any other noun in the language. Overall, our classifier successfully identifies very specific and not highly frequent lexical items such as complex-types with high accuracy, and distinguishes them from those instances that are not complex types by using lexico-syntactic patterns indicative of the semantic classes corresponding to each of the individual sense components of the complex type. Although there is still room for improvement with regard to the coverage of the classifiers developed, the cascade approach increases the precision of classification of the complex-type nouns that are covered in the experiment presented.

null

67,487

inproceedings

lopez-etal-2014-generating

Generating a Resource for Products and Brandnames Recognition. Application to the Cosmetic Domain.

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1452/

Lopez, C{\'e}dric and Segond, Fr{\'e}d{\'e}rique and Hondermarck, Olivier and Curtoni, Paolo and Dini, Luca

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2559--2564

Named Entity Recognition task needs high-quality and large-scale resources. In this paper, we present RENCO, a based-rules system focused on the recognition of entities in the Cosmetic domain (brandnames, product names, {\^a}{\textbrokenbar}). RENCO has two main objectives: 1) Generating resources for named entity recognition; 2) Mining new named entities relying on the previous generated resources. In order to build lexical resources for the cosmetic domain, we propose a system based on local lexico-syntactic rules complemented by a learning module. As the outcome of the system, we generate both a simple lexicon and a structured lexicon. Results of the evaluation show that even if RENCO outperforms a classic Conditional Random Fields algorithm, both systems should combine their respective strengths.

null

67,488

inproceedings

deleger-etal-2014-annotation

Annotation of specialized corpora using a comprehensive entity and relation scheme

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1453/

Del{\'e}ger, Louise and Ligozat, Anne-Laure and Grouin, Cyril and Zweigenbaum, Pierre and N{\'e}v{\'e}ol, Aur{\'e}lie

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1267--1274

Annotated corpora are essential resources for many applications in Natural Language Processing. They provide insight on the linguistic and semantic characteristics of the genre and domain covered, and can be used for the training and evaluation of automatic tools. In the biomedical domain, annotated corpora of English texts have become available for several genres and subfields. However, very few similar resources are available for languages other than English. In this paper we present an effort to produce a high-quality corpus of clinical documents in French, annotated with a comprehensive scheme of entities and relations. We present the annotation scheme as well as the results of a pilot annotation study covering 35 clinical documents in a variety of subfields and genres. We show that high inter-annotator agreement can be achieved using a complex annotation scheme.

null

67,489

inproceedings

klessa-gibbon-2014-annotation

Annotation Pro + {TGA}: automation of speech timing analysis

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1454/

Klessa, Katarzyna and Gibbon, Dafydd

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1499--1505

This paper reports on two tools for the automatic statistical analysis of selected properties of speech timing on the basis of speech annotation files. The tools, one online (TGA, Time Group Analyser) and one offline (Annotation Pro+TGA), are intended to support the rapid analysis of speech timing data without the need to create specific scripts or spreadsheet functions for this purpose. The software calculates, inter alia, mean, median, rPVI, nPVI, slope and intercept functions within interpausal groups, provides visualisations of timing patterns, as well as correlations between these, and parses interpausal groups into hierarchies based on duration relations. Although many studies, especially in speech technology, use computational means, enquiries have shown that a large number of phoneticians and phonetics students do not have script creation skills and therefore use traditional copy+spreadsheet techniques, which are slow, preclude the analysis of large data sets, and are prone to inconsistencies. The present tools have been tested in a number of studies on English, Mandarin and Polish, and are introduced here with reference to results from these studies.

null

67,490

inproceedings

frontini-etal-2014-polysemy

Polysemy Index for Nouns: an Experiment on {I}talian using the {PAROLE} {SIMPLE} {CLIPS} Lexical Database

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1455/

Frontini, Francesca and Quochi, Valeria and Pad{\'o}, Sebastian and Monachini, Monica and Utt, Jason

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2955--2963

An experiment is presented to induce a set of polysemous basic type alternations (such as Animal-Food, or Building-Institution) by deriving them from the sense alternations found in an existing lexical resource. The paper builds on previous work and applies those results to the Italian lexicon PAROLE SIMPLE CLIPS. The new results show how the set of frequent type alternations that can be induced from the lexicon is partly different from the set of polysemy relations selected and explicitely applied by lexicographers when building it. The analysis of mismatches shows that frequent type alternations do not always correpond to prototypical polysemy relations, nevertheless the proposed methodology represents a useful tool offered to lexicographers to systematically check for possible gaps in their resource.

null

67,491

inproceedings

salama-etal-2014-youdacc

{Y}ou{DACC}: the {Y}outube Dialectal {A}rabic Comment Corpus

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1456/

Salama, Ahmed and Bouamor, Houda and Mohit, Behrang and Oflazer, Kemal

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1246--1251

This paper presents YOUDACC, an automatically annotated large-scale multi-dialectal Arabic corpus collected from user comments on Youtube videos. Our corpus covers different groups of dialects: Egyptian (EG), Gulf (GU), Iraqi (IQ), Maghrebi (MG) and Levantine (LV). We perform an empirical analysis on the crawled corpus and demonstrate that our location-based proposed method is effective for the task of dialect labeling.

null

67,492

inproceedings

flickinger-etal-2014-towards

Towards an Encyclopedia of Compositional Semantics: Documenting the Interface of the {E}nglish {R}esource {G}rammar

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1457/

Flickinger, Dan and Bender, Emily M. and Oepen, Stephan

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

875--881

We motivate and describe the design and development of an emerging encyclopedia of compositional semantics, pursuing three objectives. We first seek to compile a comprehensive catalogue of interoperable semantic analyses, i.e., a precise characterization of meaning representations for a broad range of common semantic phenomena. Second, we operationalize the discovery of semantic phenomena and their definition in terms of what we call their semantic fingerprint, a formal account of the building blocks of meaning representation involved and their configuration. Third, we ground our work in a carefully constructed semantic test suite of minimal exemplars for each phenomenon, along with a {\textquoteleft}target' fingerprint that enables automated regression testing. We work towards these objectives by codifying and documenting the body of knowledge that has been constructed in a long-term collaborative effort, the development of the LinGO English Resource Grammar. Documentation of its semantic interface is a prerequisite to use by non-experts of the grammar and the analyses it produces, but this effort also advances our own understanding of relevant interactions among phenomena, as well as of areas for future work in the grammar.

null

67,493

inproceedings

caselli-etal-2014-enriching

Enriching the {\textquotedblleft}Senso Comune{\textquotedblright} Platform with Automatically Acquired Data

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1458/

Caselli, Tommaso and Vieu, Laure and Strapparava, Carlo and Vetere, Guido

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2130--2137

This paper reports on research activities on automatic methods for the enrichment of the Senso Comune platform. At this stage of development, we will report on two tasks, namely word sense alignment with MultiWordNet and automatic acquisition of Verb Shallow Frames from sense annotated data in the MultiSemCor corpus. The results obtained are satisfying. We achieved a final F-measure of 0.64 for noun sense alignment and a F-measure of 0.47 for verb sense alignment, and an accuracy of 68{\%} on the acquisition of Verb Shallow Frames.

null

67,494

inproceedings

draxler-2014-online

Online experiments with the Percy software framework - experiences and some early results

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1459/

Draxler, Christoph

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

235--240

In early 2012 the online perception experiment software Percy was deployed on a production server at our lab. Since then, 38 experiments have been made publicly available, with a total of 3078 experiment sessions. In the course of time, the software has been continuously updated and extended to adapt to changing user requirements. Web-based editors for the structure and layout of the experiments have been developed. This paper describes the system architecture, presents usage statistics, discusses typical characteristics of online experiments, and gives an outlook on ongoing work. webapp.phonetik.uni-muenchen.de/WebExperiment lists all currently active experiments.

null

67,495

inproceedings

crasborn-sloetjes-2014-improving

Improving the exploitation of linguistic annotations in {ELAN}

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1460/

Crasborn, Onno and Sloetjes, Han

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3604--3608

This paper discusses some improvements in recent and planned versions of the multimodal annotation tool ELAN, which are targeted at improving the usability of annotated files. Increased support for multilingual documents is provided, by allowing for multilingual vocabularies and by specifying a language per document, annotation layer (tier) or annotation. In addition, improvements in the search possibilities and the display of the results have been implemented, which are especially relevant in the interpretation of the results of complex multi-tier searches.

null

67,496

inproceedings

fuller-etal-2014-deep

A Deep Context Grammatical Model For Authorship Attribution

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1461/

Fuller, Simon and Maguire, Phil and Moser, Philippe

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

4488--4492

We define a variable-order Markov model, representing a Probabilistic Context Free Grammar, built from the sentence-level, de-lexicalized parse of source texts generated by a standard lexicalized parser, which we apply to the authorship attribution task. First, we motivate this model in the context of previous research on syntactic features in the area, outlining some of the general strengths and limitations of the overall approach. Next we describe the procedure for building syntactic models for each author based on training cases. We then outline the attribution process - assigning authorship to the model which yields the highest probability for the given test case. We demonstrate the efficacy for authorship attribution over different Markov orders and compare it against syntactic features trained by a linear kernel SVM. We find that the model performs somewhat less successfully than the SVM over similar features. In the conclusion, we outline how we plan to employ the model for syntactic evaluation of literary texts.

null

67,497

inproceedings

herrmann-etal-2014-manual

Manual Analysis of Structurally Informed Reordering in {G}erman-{E}nglish Machine Translation

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1462/

Herrmann, Teresa and Niehues, Jan and Waibel, Alex

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

4379--4386

Word reordering is a difficult task for translation. Common automatic metrics such as BLEU have problems reflecting improvements in target language word order. However, it is a crucial aspect for humans when deciding on translation quality. This paper presents a detailed analysis of a structure-aware reordering approach applied in a German-to-English phrase-based machine translation system. We compare the translation outputs of two translation systems applying reordering rules based on parts-of-speech and syntax trees on a sentence-by-sentence basis. For each sentence-pair we examine the global translation performance and classify local changes in the translated sentences. This analysis is applied to three data sets representing different genres. While the improvement in BLEU differed substantially between the data sets, the manual evaluation showed that both global translation performance as well as individual types of improvements and degradations exhibit a similar behavior throughout the three data sets. We have observed that for 55-64{\%} of the sentences with different translations, the translation produced using the tree-based reordering was considered to be the better translation. As intended by the investigated reordering model, most improvements are achieved by improving the position of the verb or being able to translate a verb that could not be translated before.

null

67,498

inproceedings

pallotti-etal-2014-presenting

Presenting a system of human-machine interaction for performing map tasks.

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1463/

Pallotti, Gabriele and Frontini, Francesca and Aff{\`e}, Fabio and Monachini, Monica and Ferrari, Stefania

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3963--3966

A system for human machine interaction is presented, that offers second language learners of Italian the possibility of assessing their competence by performing a map task, namely by guiding the a virtual follower through a map with written instructions in natural language. The underlying natural language processing algorithm is described, and the map authoring infrastructure is presented.

null

67,499

inproceedings

wittmann-etal-2014-automatic

Automatic Extraction of Synonyms for {G}erman Particle Verbs from Parallel Data with Distributional Similarity as a Re-Ranking Feature

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1464/

Wittmann, Moritz and Weller, Marion and Schulte im Walde, Sabine

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1430--1437

We present a method for the extraction of synonyms for German particle verbs based on a word-aligned German-English parallel corpus: by translating the particle verb to a pivot, which is then translated back, a set of synonym candidates can be extracted and ranked according to the respective translation probabilities. In order to deal with separated particle verbs, we apply re-ordering rules to the German part of the data. In our evaluation against a gold standard, we compare different pre-processing strategies (lemmatized vs. inflected forms) and introduce language model scores of synonym candidates in the context of the input particle verb as well as distributional similarity as additional re-ranking criteria. Our evaluation shows that distributional similarity as a re-ranking feature is more robust than language model scores and leads to an improved ranking of the synonym candidates. In addition to evaluating against a gold standard, we also present a small-scale manual evaluation.

null

67,500

inproceedings

el-asri-etal-2014-nastia

{NASTIA}: Negotiating Appointment Setting Interface

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1465/

El Asri, Layla and Lemonnier, R{\'e}mi and Laroche, Romain and Pietquin, Olivier and Khouzaimi, Hatim

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

266--271

This paper describes a French Spoken Dialogue System (SDS) named NASTIA (Negotiating Appointment SeTting InterfAce). Appointment scheduling is a hybrid task halfway between slot-filling and negotiation. NASTIA implements three different negotiation strategies. These strategies were tested on 1734 dialogues with 385 users who interacted at most 5 times with the SDS and gave a rating on a scale of 1 to 10 for each dialogue. Previous appointment scheduling systems were evaluated with the same experimental protocol. NASTIA is different from these systems in that it can adapt its strategy during the dialogue. The highest system task completion rate with these systems was 81{\%} whereas NASTIA had an 88{\%} average and its best performing strategy even reached 92{\%}. This strategy also significantly outperformed previous systems in terms of overall user rating with an average of 8.28 against 7.40. The experiment also enabled highlighting global recommendations for building spoken dialogue systems.

null

67,501

inproceedings

el-asri-etal-2014-dinasti

{DINASTI}: Dialogues with a Negotiating Appointment Setting Interface

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1466/

El Asri, Layla and Laroche, Romain and Pietquin, Olivier

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

272--278

This paper describes the DINASTI (DIalogues with a Negotiating Appointment SeTting Interface) corpus, which is composed of 1734 dialogues with the French spoken dialogue system NASTIA (Negotiating Appointment SeTting InterfAce). NASTIA is a reinforcement learning-based system. The DINASTI corpus was collected while the system was following a uniform policy. Each entry of the corpus is a system-user exchange annotated with 120 automatically computable features. The corpus contains a total of 21587 entries, with 385 testers. Each tester performed at most five scenario-based interactions with NASTIA. The dialogues last an average of 10.82 dialogue turns, with 4.45 reinforcement learning decisions. The testers filled an evaluation questionnaire after each dialogue. The questionnaire includes three questions to measure task completion. In addition, it comprises 7 Likert-scaled items evaluating several aspects of the interaction, a numerical overall evaluation on a scale of 1 to 10, and a free text entry. Answers to this questionnaire are provided with DINASTI. This corpus is meant for research on reinforcement learning modelling for dialogue management.

null

67,502

inproceedings

friedrich-etal-2014-lqvsumm

{LQVS}umm: A Corpus of Linguistic Quality Violations in Multi-Document Summarization

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1467/

Friedrich, Annemarie and Valeeva, Marina and Palmer, Alexis

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1591--1599

We present LQVSumm, a corpus of about 2000 automatically created extractive multi-document summaries from the TAC 2011 shared task on Guided Summarization, which we annotated with several types of linguistic quality violations. Examples for such violations include pronouns that lack antecedents or ungrammatical clauses. We give details on the annotation scheme and show that inter-annotator agreement is good given the open-ended nature of the task. The annotated summaries have previously been scored for Readability on a numeric scale by human annotators in the context of the TAC challenge; we show that the number of instances of violations of linguistic quality of a summary correlates with these intuitively assigned numeric scores. On a system-level, the average number of violations marked in a system`s summaries achieves higher correlation with the Readability scores than current supervised state-of-the-art methods for assigning a single readability score to a summary. It is our hope that our corpus facilitates the development of methods that not only judge the linguistic quality of automatically generated summaries as a whole, but which also allow for detecting, labeling, and fixing particular violations in a text.

null

67,503

inproceedings

stede-neumann-2014-potsdam

{P}otsdam Commentary Corpus 2.0: Annotation for Discourse Research

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1468/

Stede, Manfred and Neumann, Arne

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

925--929

We present a revised and extended version of the Potsdam Commentary Corpus, a collection of 175 German newspaper commentaries (op-ed pieces) that has been annotated with syntax trees and three layers of discourse-level information: nominal coreference,connectives and their arguments (similar to the PDTB, Prasad et al. 2008), and trees reflecting discourse structure according to Rhetorical Structure Theory (Mann/Thompson 1988). Connectives have been annotated with the help of a semi-automatic tool, Conano (Stede/Heintze 2004), which identifies most connectives and suggests arguments based on their syntactic category. The other layers have been created manually with dedicated annotation tools. The corpus is made available on the one hand as a set of original XML files produced with the annotation tools, based on identical tokenization. On the other hand, it is distributed together with the open-source linguistic database ANNIS3 (Chiarcos et al. 2008; Zeldes et al. 2009), which provides multi-layer search functionality and layer-specific visualization modules. This allows for comfortable qualitative evaluation of the correlations between annotation layers.

null

67,504

inproceedings

hathout-etal-2014-glaff

{GL{\`A}FF}, a Large Versatile {F}rench Lexicon

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1469/

Hathout, Nabil and Sajous, Franck and Calderone, Basilio

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1007--1012

This paper introduces GLAFF, a large-scale versatile French lexicon extracted from Wiktionary, the collaborative online dictionary. GLAFF contains, for each entry, inflectional features and phonemic transcriptions. It distinguishes itself from the other available French lexicons by its size, its potential for constant updating and its copylefted license. We explain how we have built GLAFF and compare it to other known resources in terms of coverage and quality of the phonemic transcriptions. We show that its size and quality are strong assets that could allow GLAFF to become a reference lexicon for French NLP and linguistics. Moreover, other derived lexicons can easily be based on GLAFF to satisfy specific needs of various fields such as psycholinguistics.

null

67,505

inproceedings

lohk-etal-2014-dense

Dense Components in the Structure of {W}ord{N}et

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1470/

Lohk, Ahti and Allik, Kaarel and Orav, Heili and V{\~o}handu, Leo

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1135--1139

This paper introduces a test-pattern named a dense component for checking inconsistencies in the hierarchical structure of a wordnet. Dense component (viewed as substructure) points out the cases of regular polysemy in the context of multiple inheritance. Definition of the regular polysemy is redefined {\textemdash} instead of lexical units there are used lexical concepts (synsets). All dense components are evaluated by expert lexicographer. Based on this experiment we give an overview of the inconsistencies which the test-pattern helps to detect. Special attention is turned to all different kind of corrections made by lexicographer. Authors of this paper find that the greatest benefit of the use of dense components is helping to detect if the regular polysemy is justified or not. In-depth analysis has been performed for Estonian Wordnet Version 66. Some comparative figures are also given for the Estonian Wordnet (EstWN) Version 67 and Princeton WordNet (PrWN) Version 3.1. Analysing hierarchies only hypernym-relations are used.

null

67,506

inproceedings

romeo-etal-2014-choosing

Choosing which to use? A study of distributional models for nominal lexical semantic classification

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1471/

Romeo, Lauren and Lebani, Gianluca and Bel, N{\'u}ria and Lenci, Alessandro

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

4366--4373

This paper empirically evaluates the performances of different state-of-the-art distributional models in a nominal lexical semantic classification task. We consider models that exploit various types of distributional features, which thereby provide different representations of nominal behavior in context. The experiments presented in this work demonstrate the advantages and disadvantages of each model considered. This analysis also considers a combined strategy that we found to be capable of leveraging the bottlenecks of each model, especially when large robust data is not available.

null

67,507

inproceedings

forster-etal-2014-extensions

Extensions of the Sign Language Recognition and Translation Corpus {RWTH}-{PHOENIX}-Weather

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1472/

Forster, Jens and Schmidt, Christoph and Koller, Oscar and Bellgardt, Martin and Ney, Hermann

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1911--1916

This paper introduces the RWTH-PHOENIX-Weather 2014, a video-based, large vocabulary, German sign language corpus which has been extended over the last two years, tripling the size of the original corpus. The corpus contains weather forecasts simultaneously interpreted into sign language which were recorded from German public TV and manually annotated using glosses on the sentence level and semi-automatically transcribed spoken German extracted from the videos using the open-source speech recognition system RASR. Spatial annotations of the signers' hands as well as shape and orientation annotations of the dominant hand have been added for more than 40k respectively 10k video frames creating one of the largest corpora allowing for quantitative evaluation of object tracking algorithms. Further, over 2k signs have been annotated using the SignWriting annotation system, focusing on the shape, orientation, movement as well as spatial contacts of both hands. Finally, extended recognition and translation setups are defined, and baseline results are presented.

null

67,508

inproceedings

candeias-etal-2014-hesita

{HESITA}(te) in {P}ortuguese

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1473/

Candeias, Sara and Celorico, Dirce and Proen{\c{c}}a, Jorge and Veiga, Arlindo and Lopes, Carla and Perdig{\~a}o, Fernando

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1564--1567

Hesitations, so-called disfluencies, are a characteristic of spontaneous speech, playing a primary role in its structure, reflecting aspects of the language production and the management of inter-communication. In this paper we intend to present a database of hesitations in European Portuguese speech - HESITA - as a relevant base of work to study a variety of speech phenomena. Patterns of hesitations, hesitation distribution according to speaking style, and phonetic properties of the fillers are some of the characteristics we extrapolated from the HESITA database. This database also represents an important resource for improvement in synthetic speech naturalness as well as in robust acoustic modelling for automatic speech recognition. The HESITA database is the output of a project in the speech-processing field for European Portuguese held by an interdisciplinary group in intimate articulation between engineering tools and experience and the linguistic approach.

null

67,509

inproceedings

alansary-2014-muhit

{MUHIT}: A Multilingual Harmonized Dictionary

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1474/

Alansary, Sameh

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2138--2145

This paper discusses a trial to build a multilingual harmonized dictionary that contains more than 40 languages, with special reference to Arabic which represents about 20{\%} of the whole size of the dictionary. This dictionary is called MUHIT which is an interactive multilingual dictionary application. It is a web application that makes it easily accessible to all users. MUHIT is developed within the Universal Networking Language (UNL) framework by the UNDL Foundation, in cooperation with Bibliotheca Alexandrina (BA). This application targets to serve specialists and non-specialists. It provides users with full linguistic description to each lexical item. This free application is useful to many NLP tasks such as multilingual translation and cross-language synonym search. This dictionary is built depending on WordNet and corpus based approaches, in a specially designed linguistic environment called UNLariam that is developed by the UNLD foundation. This dictionary is the first launched application by the UNLD foundation.

null

67,510

inproceedings

lopez-de-lacalle-etal-2014-predicate

Predicate Matrix: extending {S}em{L}ink through {W}ord{N}et mappings

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1475/

Lopez de Lacalle, Maddalen and Laparra, Egoitz and Rigau, German

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

903--909

This paper presents the Predicate Matrix v1.1, a new lexical resource resulting from the integration of multiple sources of predicate information including FrameNet, VerbNet, PropBank and WordNet. We start from the basis of SemLink. Then, we use advanced graph-based algorithms to further extend the mapping coverage of SemLink. Second, we also exploit the current content of SemLink to infer new role mappings among the different predicate schemas. As a result, we have obtained a new version of the Predicate Matrix which largely extends the current coverage of SemLink and the previous version of the Predicate Matrix.

null

67,511

inproceedings

aw-etal-2014-talapi

{T}a{LAP}i {---} A {T}hai Linguistically Annotated Corpus for Language Processing

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1476/

Aw, AiTi and Aljunied, Sharifah Mahani and Lertcheva, Nattadaporn and Kalunsima, Sasiwimon

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

125--132

This paper discusses a Thai corpus, TaLAPi, fully annotated with word segmentation (WS), part-of-speech (POS) and named entity (NE) information with the aim to provide a high-quality and sufficiently large corpus for real-life implementation of Thai language processing tools. The corpus contains 2,720 articles (1,043,471words) from the entertainment and lifestyle (NE{\&}L) domain and 5,489 articles (3,181,487 words) in the news (NEWS) domain, with a total of 35 POS tags and 10 named entity categories. In particular, we present an approach to segment and tag foreign and loan words expressed in transliterated or original form in Thai text corpora. We see this as an area for study as adapted and un-adapted foreign language sequences have not been well addressed in the literature and this poses a challenge to the annotation process due to the increasing use and adoption of foreign words in the Thai language nowadays. To reduce the ambiguities in POS tagging and to provide rich information for facilitating Thai syntactic analysis, we adapted the POS tags used in ORCHID and propose a framework to tag Thai text and also addresses the tagging of loan and foreign words based on the proposed segmentation strategy. TaLAPi also includes a detailed guideline for tagging the 10 named entity categories

null

67,512

inproceedings

dellorletta-etal-2014-t2k

{T}2{K}{\textasciicircum}2: a System for Automatically Extracting and Organizing Knowledge from Texts

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1477/

Dell{'}Orletta, Felice and Venturi, Giulia and Cimino, Andrea and Montemagni, Simonetta

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2062--2070

In this paper, we present T2K{\textasciicircum}2, a suite of tools for automatically extracting domain{\textemdash}specific knowledge from collections of Italian and English texts. T2K{\textasciicircum}2 (Text{\textemdash}To{\textemdash}Knowledge v2) relies on a battery of tools for Natural Language Processing (NLP), statistical text analysis and machine learning which are dynamically integrated to provide an accurate and incremental representation of the content of vast repositories of unstructured documents. Extracted knowledge ranges from domain{\textemdash}specific entities and named entities to the relations connecting them and can be used for indexing document collections with respect to different information types. T2K{\textasciicircum}2 also includes linguistic profiling functionalities aimed at supporting the user in constructing the acquisition corpus, e.g. in selecting texts belonging to the same genre or characterized by the same degree of specialization or in monitoring the added value of newly inserted documents. T2K{\textasciicircum}2 is a web application which can be accessed from any browser through a personal account which has been tested in a wide range of domains.

null

67,513

inproceedings

costantini-etal-2014-emovo

{EMOVO} Corpus: an {I}talian Emotional Speech Database

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1478/

Costantini, Giovanni and Iaderola, Iacopo and Paoloni, Andrea and Todisco, Massimiliano

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3501--3504

This article describes the first emotional corpus, named EMOVO, applicable to Italian language,. It is a database built from the voices of up to 6 actors who played 14 sentences simulating 6 emotional states (disgust, fear, anger, joy, surprise, sadness) plus the neutral state. These emotions are the well-known Big Six found in most of the literature related to emotional speech. The recordings were made with professional equipment in the Fondazione Ugo Bordoni laboratories. The paper also describes a subjective validation test of the corpus, based on emotion-discrimination of two sentences carried out by two different groups of 24 listeners. The test was successful because it yielded an overall recognition accuracy of 80{\%}. It is observed that emotions less easy to recognize are joy and disgust, whereas the most easy to detect are anger, sadness and the neutral state.

null

67,514

inproceedings

pasha-etal-2014-madamira

{MADAMIRA}: A Fast, Comprehensive Tool for Morphological Analysis and Disambiguation of {A}rabic

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1479/

Pasha, Arfath and Al-Badrashiny, Mohamed and Diab, Mona and El Kholy, Ahmed and Eskander, Ramy and Habash, Nizar and Pooleery, Manoj and Rambow, Owen and Roth, Ryan

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1094--1101

In this paper, we present MADAMIRA, a system for morphological analysis and disambiguation of Arabic that combines some of the best aspects of two previously commonly used systems for Arabic processing, MADA (Habash and Rambow, 2005; Habash et al., 2009; Habash et al., 2013) and AMIRA (Diab et al., 2007). MADAMIRA improves upon the two systems with a more streamlined Java implementation that is more robust, portable, extensible, and is faster than its ancestors by more than an order of magnitude. We also discuss an online demo (see \url{http://nlp.ldeo.columbia.edu/madamira/}) that highlights these aspects.

null

67,515

inproceedings

kumar-2014-developing

Developing Politeness Annotated Corpus of {H}indi Blogs

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1480/

Kumar, Ritesh

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1275--1280

In this paper I discuss the creation and annotation of a corpus of Hindi blogs. The corpus consists of a total of over 479,000 blog posts and blog comments. It is annotated with the information about the politeness level of each blog post and blog comment. The annotation is carried out using four levels of politeness {\textemdash} neutral, appropriate, polite and impolite. For the annotation, three classifiers {\textemdash} were trained and tested maximum entropy (MaxEnt), Support Vector Machines (SVM) and C4.5 - using around 30,000 manually annotated texts. Among these, C4.5 gave the best accuracy. It achieved an accuracy of around 78{\%} which is within 2{\%} of the human accuracy during annotation. Consequently this classifier is used to annotate the rest of the corpus

null

67,516

inproceedings

feely-etal-2014-cmu

The {CMU} {METAL} {F}arsi {NLP} Approach

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1481/

Feely, Weston and Manshadi, Mehdi and Frederking, Robert and Levin, Lori

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

4052--4055

While many high-quality tools are available for analyzing major languages such as English, equivalent freely-available tools for important but lower-resourced languages such as Farsi are more difficult to acquire and integrate into a useful NLP front end. We report here on an accurate and efficient Farsi analysis front end that we have assembled, which may be useful to others who wish to work with written Farsi. The pre-existing components and resources that we incorporated include the Carnegie Mellon TurboParser and TurboTagger (Martins et al., 2010) trained on the Dadegan Treebank (Rasooli et al., 2013), the Uppsala Farsi text normalizer PrePer (Seraji, 2013), the Uppsala Farsi tokenizer (Seraji et al., 2012a), and Jon Dehdaris PerStem (Jadidinejad et al., 2010). This set of tools (combined with additional normalization and tokenization modules that we have developed and made available) achieves a dependency parsing labeled attachment score of 89.49{\%}, unlabeled attachment score of 92.19{\%}, and label accuracy score of 91.38{\%} on a held-out parsing test data set. All of the components and resources used are freely available. In addition to describing the components and resources, we also explain the rationale for our choices.

null

67,517

inproceedings

desmet-hoste-2014-recognising

Recognising suicidal messages in {D}utch social media

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1482/

Desmet, Bart and Hoste, V{\'e}ronique

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

830--835

Early detection of suicidal thoughts is an important part of effective suicide prevention. Such thoughts may be expressed online, especially by young people. This paper presents on-going work on the automatic recognition of suicidal messages in social media. We present experiments for automatically detecting relevant messages (with suicide-related content), and those containing suicide threats. A sample of 1357 texts was annotated in a corpus of 2674 blog posts and forum messages from Netlog, indicating relevance, origin, severity of suicide threat and risks as well as protective factors. For the classification experiments, Naive Bayes, SVM and KNN algorithms are combined with shallow features, i.e. bag-of-words of word, lemma and character ngrams, and post length. The best relevance classification is achieved by using SVM with post length, lemma and character ngrams, resulting in an F-score of 85.6{\%} (78.7{\%} precision and 93.8{\%} recall). For the second task (threat detection), a cascaded setup which first filters out irrelevant messages with SVM and then predicts the severity with KNN, performs best: 59.2{\%} F-score (69.5{\%} precision and 51.6{\%} recall).

null

67,518

inproceedings

koper-schulte-im-walde-2014-rank

A Rank-based Distance Measure to Detect Polysemy and to Determine Salient Vector-Space Features for {G}erman Prepositions

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1483/

K{\"oper, Maximilian and Schulte im Walde, Sabine

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

4459--4466

This paper addresses vector space models of prepositions, a notoriously ambiguous word class. We propose a rank-based distance measure to explore the vector-spatial properties of the ambiguous objects, focusing on two research tasks: (i) to distinguish polysemous from monosemous prepositions in vector space; and (ii) to determine salient vector-space features for a classification of preposition senses. The rank-based measure predicts the polysemy vs. monosemy of prepositions with a precision of up to 88{\%}, and suggests preposition-subcategorised nouns as more salient preposition features than preposition-subcategorising verbs.

null

67,519

inproceedings

wolfe-etal-2014-expanding

Expanding n-gram analytics in {ELAN} and a case study for sign synthesis

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1484/

Wolfe, Rosalee and McDonald, John and Berke, Larwan and Stumbo, Marie

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1880--1885

Corpus analysis is a powerful tool for signed language synthesis. A new extension to ELAN offers expanded n-gram analysis tools including improved search capabilities and an extensive library of statistical measures of association for n-grams. Uncovering and exploring coarticulatory timing effects via corpus analysis requires n-gram analysis to discover the most frequently occurring bigrams. This paper presents an overview of the new tools and a case study in American Sign Language synthesis that exploits these capabilities for computing more natural timing in generated sentences. The new extension provides a time-saving convenience for language researchers using ELAN.

null

67,520

inproceedings

huang-etal-2014-sentence

Sentence Rephrasing for Parsing Sentences with {OOV} Words

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1485/

Huang, Hen-Hsen and Chen, Huan-Yuan and Yu, Chang-Sheng and Chen, Hsin-Hsi and Lee, Po-Ching and Chen, Chun-Hsun

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2859--2862

This paper addresses the problems of out-of-vocabulary (OOV) words, named entities in particular, in dependency parsing. The OOV words, whose word forms are unknown to the learning-based parser, in a sentence may decrease the parsing performance. To deal with this problem, we propose a sentence rephrasing approach to replace each OOV word in a sentence with a popular word of the same named entity type in the training set, so that the knowledge of the word forms can be used for parsing. The highest-frequency-based rephrasing strategy and the information-retrieval-based rephrasing strategy are explored to select the word to replace, and the Chinese Treebank 6.0 (CTB6) corpus is adopted to evaluate the feasibility of the proposed sentence rephrasing strategies. Experimental results show that rephrasing some specific types of OOV words such as Corporation, Organization, and Competition increases the parsing performances. This methodology can be applied to domain adaptation to deal with OOV problems.

null

67,521

inproceedings

guillaume-etal-2014-mapping

Mapping the Lexique des Verbes du Fran{\c{c}}ais (Lexicon of {F}rench Verbs) to a {NLP} lexicon using examples

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1486/

Guillaume, Bruno and Fort, Kar{\"en and Perrier, Guy and B{\'edaride, Paul

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2806--2810

This article presents experiments aiming at mapping the Lexique des Verbes du Fran{\c{c}}ais (Lexicon of French Verbs) to FRILEX, a Natural Language Processing (NLP) lexicon based on D ICOVALENCE. The two resources (Lexicon of French Verbs and D ICOVALENCE) were built by linguists, based on very different theories, which makes a direct mapping nearly impossible. We chose to use the examples provided in one of the resource to find implicit links between the two and make them explicit.

null

67,522

inproceedings

neveol-etal-2014-language

Language Resources for {F}rench in the Biomedical Domain

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1487/

N{\'e}v{\'e}ol, Aur{\'e}lie and Grosjean, Julien and Darmoni, St{\'e}fan and Zweigenbaum, Pierre

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2146--2151

The biomedical domain offers a wealth of linguistic resources for Natural Language Processing, including terminologies and corpora. While many of these resources are prominently available for English, other languages including French benefit from substantial coverage thanks to the contribution of an active community over the past decades. However, access to terminological resources in languages other than English may not be as straight-forward as access to their English counterparts. Herein, we review the extent of resource coverage for French and give pointers to access French-language resources. We also discuss the sources and methods for making additional material available for French.

null

67,523

inproceedings

boyd-etal-2014-merlin

The {MERLIN} corpus: Learner language and the {CEFR}

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1488/

Boyd, Adriane and Hana, Jirka and Nicolas, Lionel and Meurers, Detmar and Wisniewski, Katrin and Abel, Andrea and Sch{\"one, Karin and {\v{Stindlov{\'a, Barbora and Vettori, Chiara

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1281--1288

The MERLIN corpus is a written learner corpus for Czech, German,and Italian that has been designed to illustrate the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) with authentic learner data. The corpus contains 2,290 learner texts produced in standardized language certifications covering CEFR levels A1-C1. The MERLIN annotation scheme includes a wide range of language characteristics that enable research into the empirical foundations of the CEFR scales and provide language teachers, test developers, and Second Language Acquisition researchers with concrete examples of learner performance and progress across multiple proficiency levels. For computational linguistics, it provide a range of authentic learner data for three target languages, supporting a broadening of the scope of research in areas such as automatic proficiency classification or native language identification. The annotated corpus and related information will be freely available as a corpus resource and through a freely accessible, didactically-oriented online platform.

null

67,524

inproceedings

adesam-etal-2014-computer

Computer-aided morphology expansion for Old {S}wedish

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1489/

Adesam, Yvonne and Ahlberg, Malin and Andersson, Peter and Bouma, Gerlof and Forsberg, Markus and Hulden, Mans

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1102--1105

In this paper we describe and evaluate a tool for paradigm induction and lexicon extraction that has been applied to Old Swedish. The tool is semi-supervised and uses a small seed lexicon and unannotated corpora to derive full inflection tables for input lemmata. In the work presented here, the tool has been modified to deal with the rich spelling variation found in Old Swedish texts. We also present some initial experiments, which are the first steps towards creating a large-scale morphology for Old Swedish.

null

67,525

inproceedings

jawaid-bojar-2014-two

Two-Step Machine Translation with Lattices

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1490/

Jawaid, Bushra and Bojar, Ond{\v{r}}ej

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

682--686

The idea of two-step machine translation was introduced to divide the complexity of the search space into two independent steps: (1) lexical translation and reordering, and (2) conjugation and declination in the target language. In this paper, we extend the two-step machine translation structure by replacing state-of-the-art phrase-based machine translation with the hierarchical machine translation in the 1st step. We further extend the fixed string-based input format of the 2nd step with word lattices (Dyer et al., 2008); this provides the 2nd step with the opportunity to choose among a sample of possible reorderings instead of relying on the single best one as produced by the 1st step.

null

67,526

inproceedings

schuller-etal-2014-munich

The {M}unich Biovoice Corpus: Effects of Physical Exercising, Heart Rate, and Skin Conductance on Human Speech Production

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1491/

Schuller, Bj{\"orn and Friedmann, Felix and Eyben, Florian

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1506--1510

We introduce a spoken language resource for the analysis of impact that physical exercising has on human speech production. In particular, the database provides heart rate and skin conductance measurement information alongside the audio recordings. It contains recordings from 19 subjects in a relaxed state and after exercising. The audio material includes breathing, sustained vowels, and read text. Further, we describe pre-extracted audio-features from our openSMILE feature extractor together with baseline performances for the recognition of high and low heart rate using these features. The baseline results clearly show the feasibility of automatic estimation of heart rate from the human voice, in particular from sustained vowels. Both regression - in order to predict the exact heart rate value - and a binary classification setting for high and low heart rate classes are investigated. Finally, we give tendencies on feature group relevance in the named contexts of heart rate estimation and skin conductivity estimation.

null

67,527

inproceedings

rello-etal-2014-dyslist

{D}ys{L}ist: An Annotated Resource of Dyslexic Errors

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1492/

Rello, Luz and Baeza-Yates, Ricardo and Llisterri, Joaquim

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1289--1296

We introduce a language resource for Spanish, DysList, composed of a list of unique errors extracted from a collection of texts written by people with dyslexia. Each of the errors was annotated with a set of characteristics as well as visual and phonetic features. To the best of our knowledge this is the largest resource of this kind, especially given the difficulty of finding texts written by people with dyslexia

null

67,528

inproceedings

shen-kikuchi-2014-estimation

Estimation of Speaking Style in Speech Corpora Focusing on speech transcriptions

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1493/

Shen, Raymond and Kikuchi, Hideaki

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2747--2752

Recent developments in computer technology have allowed the construction and widespread application of large-scale speech corpora. To foster ease of data retrieval for people interested in utilising these speech corpora, we attempt to characterise speaking style across some of them. In this paper, we first introduce the 3 scales of speaking style proposed by Eskenazi in 1993. We then use morphological features extracted from speech transcriptions that have proven effective in style discrimination and author identification in the field of natural language processing to construct an estimation model of speaking style. More specifically, we randomly choose transcriptions from various speech corpora as text stimuli with which to conduct a rating experiment on speaking style perception; then, using the features extracted from those stimuli and the rating results, we construct an estimation model of speaking style by a multi-regression analysis. After the cross validation (leave-1-out), the results show that among the 3 scales of speaking style, the ratings of 2 scales can be estimated with high accuracies, which prove the effectiveness of our method in the estimation of speaking style.

null

67,529

inproceedings

garcia-fernandez-etal-2014-evaluation

Evaluation of different strategies for domain adaptation in opinion mining

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1494/

Garcia-Fernandez, Anne and Ferret, Olivier and Dinarelli, Marco

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3877--3880

The work presented in this article takes place in the field of opinion mining and aims more particularly at finding the polarity of a text by relying on machine learning methods. In this context, it focuses on studying various strategies for adapting a statistical classifier to a new domain when training data only exist for one or several other domains. This study shows more precisely that a self-training procedure consisting in enlarging the initial training corpus with texts from the target domain that were reliably classified by the classifier is the most successful and stable strategy for the tested domains. Moreover, this strategy gets better results in most cases than (Blitzer et al., 2007)`s method on the same evaluation corpus while it is more simple.

null

67,530

inproceedings

goodwin-harabagiu-2014-clinical

Clinical Data-Driven Probabilistic Graph Processing

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1495/

Goodwin, Travis and Harabagiu, Sanda

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

101--108

Electronic Medical Records (EMRs) encode an extraordinary amount of medical knowledge. Collecting and interpreting this knowledge, however, belies a significant level of clinical understanding. Automatically capturing the clinical information is crucial for performing comparative effectiveness research. In this paper, we present a data-driven approach to model semantic dependencies between medical concepts, qualified by the beliefs of physicians. The dependencies, captured in a patient cohort graph of clinical pictures and therapies is further refined into a probabilistic graphical model which enables efficient inference of patient-centered treatment or test recommendations (based on probabilities). To perform inference on the graphical model, we describe a technique of smoothing the conditional likelihood of medical concepts by their semantically-similar belief values. The experimental results, as compared against clinical guidelines are very promising.

null

67,531

inproceedings

padro-etal-2014-comparing

Comparing Similarity Measures for Distributional Thesauri

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1496/

Padr{\'o}, Muntsa and Idiart, Marco and Villavicencio, Aline and Ramisch, Carlos

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2964--2971

Distributional thesauri have been applied for a variety of tasks involving semantic relatedness. In this paper, we investigate the impact of three parameters: similarity measures, frequency thresholds and association scores. We focus on the robustness and stability of the resulting thesauri, measuring inter-thesaurus agreement when testing different parameter values. The results obtained show that low-frequency thresholds affect thesaurus quality more than similarity measures, with more agreement found for increasing thresholds. These results indicate the sensitivity of distributional thesauri to frequency. Nonetheless, the observed differences do not transpose over extrinsic evaluation using TOEFL-like questions. While this may be specific to the task, we argue that a careful examination of the stability of distributional resources prior to application is needed.

null

67,532

inproceedings

dione-2014-pruning

Pruning the Search Space of the {W}olof {LFG} Grammar Using a Probabilistic and a Constraint Grammar Parser

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1497/

Dione, Cheikh M. Bamba

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2863--2870

This paper presents a method for greatly reducing parse times in LFG by integrating a Constraint Grammar parser into a probabilistic context-free grammar. The CG parser is used in the pre-processing phase to reduce morphological and lexical ambiguity. Similarly, the c-structure pruning mechanism of XLE is used in the parsing phase to discard low-probability c-structures, before f-annotations are solved. The experiment results show a considerable increase in parsing efficiency and robustness in the annotation of Wolof running text. The Wolof CG parser indicated an f-score of 90{\%} for morphological disambiguation and a speedup of ca. 40{\%}, while the c-structure pruning method increased the speed of the Wolof grammar by over 36{\%}. On a small amount of data, CG disambiguation and c-structure pruning allowed for a speedup of 58{\%}, however with a substantial drop in parse accuracy of 3.62.

null

67,533

inproceedings

althobaiti-etal-2014-aranlp

{A}ra{NLP}: a {J}ava-based Library for the Processing of {A}rabic Text.

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1498/

Althobaiti, Maha and Kruschwitz, Udo and Poesio, Massimo

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

4134--4138

We present a free, Java-based library named {\textquotedblleft}AraNLP{\textquotedblright} that covers various Arabic text preprocessing tools. Although a good number of tools for processing Arabic text already exist, integration and compatibility problems continually occur. AraNLP is an attempt to gather most of the vital Arabic text preprocessing tools into one library that can be accessed easily by integrating or accurately adapting existing tools and by developing new ones when required. The library includes a sentence detector, tokenizer, light stemmer, root stemmer, part-of speech tagger (POS-tagger), word segmenter, normalizer, and a punctuation and diacritic remover.

null

67,534

inproceedings

hwang-etal-2014-criteria

Criteria for Identifying and Annotating Caused Motion Constructions in Corpus Data

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1499/

Hwang, Jena D. and Zaenen, Annie and Palmer, Martha

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1297--1304

While natural language processing performance has been improved through the recognition that there is a relationship between the semantics of the verb and the syntactic context in which the verb is realized, sentences where the verb does not conform to the expected syntax-semantic patterning behavior remain problematic. For example, in the sentence The crowed laughed the clown off the stage, a verb of non-verbal communication laugh is used in a caused motion construction and gains a motion entailment that is atypical given its inherent lexical semantics. This paper focuses on our efforts at defining the semantic types and varieties of caused motion constructions (CMCs) through an iterative annotation process and establishing annotation guidelines based on these criteria to aid in the production of a consistent and reliable annotation. The annotation will serve as training and test data for classifiers for CMCs, and the CMC definitions developed throughout this study will be used in extending VerbNet to handle representations of sentences in which a verb is used in a syntactic context that is atypical for its lexical semantics.

null

67,535

inproceedings

hayashi-2014-web

Web-imageability of the Behavioral Features of Basic-level Concepts

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1500/

Hayashi, Yoshihiko

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3609--3614

The recent research direction toward multimodal semantic representation would be further advanced, if we could have a machinery to collect adequate images from the Web, given a target concept. With this motivation, this paper particularly investigates into the Web imageabilities of the behavioral features (e.g. beaver builds dams) of a basic-level concept (beaver). The term Web-imageability denotes how adequately the images acquired from the Web deliver the intended meaning of a complex concept. The primary contributions made in this paper are twofold: (1) beaver building dams-type queries can better yield relevant Web images, suggesting that the present participle form (-ing form) of a verb (building), as a query component, is more effective than the base form; (2) the behaviors taken by animate beings are likely to be more depicted on the Web, particularly if the behaviors are, in a sense, inherent to animate beings (e.g.,motion, consumption), while the creation-type behaviors of inanimate beings are not. The paper further analyzes linguistic annotations that were independently given to some of the images, and discusses an aspect of the semantic gap between image and language.

null

67,536

inproceedings

cassidy-etal-2014-alveo

The Alveo Virtual Laboratory: A Web Based Repository {API}

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1501/

Cassidy, Steve and Estival, Dominique and Jones, Timothy and Burnham, Denis and Burghold, Jared

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1--7

The Human Communication Science Virtual Laboratory (HCS vLab) is an eResearch project funded under the Australian Government NeCTAR program to build a platform for collaborative eResearch around data representing human communication and the tools that researchers use in their analysis. The human communication science field is broadly defined to encompass the study of language from various perspectives but also includes research on music and various other forms of human expression. This paper outlines the core architecture of the HCS vLab and in particular, highlights the web based API that provides access to data and tools to authenticated users.

null

67,537

inproceedings

culy-etal-2014-compact

A Compact Interactive Visualization of Dependency Treebank Query Results

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1502/

Culy, Chris and Passarotti, Marco and K{\"onig-Cardanobile, Ulla

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

759--766

One of the challenges of corpus querying is making sense of the results of a query, especially when a large number of results and linguistically annotated data are concerned. While the most widespread tools for querying syntactically annotated corpora tend to focus on single occurrences, one aspect that is not fully exploited yet in this area is that language is a complex system whose units are connected to each other at both microscopic (the single occurrences) and macroscopic level (the whole system itself). Assuming that language is a system, we describe a tool (using the DoubleTreeJS visualization) to visualize the results of querying dependency treebanks by forming a node from a single item type, and building a network in which the heads and the dependents of the central node are respectively the left and the right vertices of the tree, which are connected to the central node by dependency relations. One case study is presented, consisting in the exploitation of DoubleTreeJS for supporting one assumption in theoretical linguistics with evidence provided by the data of a dependency treebank of Medieval Latin.

null

67,538

inproceedings

temnikova-etal-2014-building

Building a Crisis Management Term Resource for Social Media: The Case of Floods and Protests

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1503/

Temnikova, Irina and Varga, Andrea and Biyikli, Dogan

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

740--747

Extracting information from social media is being currently exploited for a variety of tasks, including the recognition of emergency events in Twitter. This is done in order to supply Crisis Management agencies with additional crisis information. The existing approaches, however, mostly rely on geographic location and hashtags/keywords, obtained via a manual Twitter search. As we expect that Twitter crisis terminology would differ from existing crisis glossaries, we start collecting a specialized terminological resource to support this task. The aim of this resource is to contain sets of crisis-related Twitter terms which are the same for different instances of the same type of event. This article presents a preliminary investigation of the nature of terms used in four events of two crisis types, tests manual and automatic ways to collect these terms and comes up with an initial collection of terms for these two types of events. As contributions, a novel annotation schema is presented, along with important insights into the differences in annotations between different specialists, descriptive term statistics, and performance results of existing automatic terminology recognition approaches for this task.

null

67,539

inproceedings

wu-etal-2014-illinoiscloudnlp

{I}LLINOIS{C}LOUD{NLP}: Text Analytics Services in the Cloud

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1504/

Wu, Hao and Fei, Zhiye and Dai, Aaron and Sammons, Mark and Roth, Dan and Mayhew, Stephen

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

14--21

Natural Language Processing (NLP) continues to grow in popularity in a range of research and commercial applications. However, installing, maintaining, and running NLP tools can be time consuming, and many commercial and research end users have only intermittent need for large processing capacity. This paper describes ILLINOISCLOUDNLP, an on-demand framework built around NLPCURATOR and Amazon Web Services Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2). This framework provides a simple interface to end users via which they can deploy one or more NLPCURATOR instances on EC2, upload plain text documents, specify a set of Text Analytics tools (NLP annotations) to apply, and process and store or download the processed data. It can also allow end users to use a model trained on their own data: ILLINOISCLOUDNLP takes care of training, hosting, and applying it to new data just as it does with existing models within NLPCURATOR. As a representative use case, we describe our use of ILLINOISCLOUDNLP to process 3.05 million documents used in the 2012 and 2013 Text Analysis Conference Knowledge Base Population tasks at a relatively deep level of processing, in approximately 20 hours, at an approximate cost of US{\$}500; this is about 20 times faster than doing so on a single server and requires no human supervision and no NLP or Machine Learning expertise.

null

67,540

inproceedings

sato-2014-text

Text Readability and Word Distribution in {J}apanese

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1505/

Sato, Satoshi

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2811--2815

This paper reports the relation between text readability and word distribution in the Japanese language. There was no similar study in the past due to three major obstacles: (1) unclear definition of Japanese {\textquotedblleft}word{\textquotedblright}, (2) no balanced corpus, and (3) no readability measure. Compilation of the Balanced Corpus of Contemporary Written Japanese (BCCWJ) and development of a readability predictor remove these three obstacles and enable this study. First, we have counted the frequency of each word in each text in the corpus. Then we have calculated the frequency rank of words both in the whole corpus and in each of three readability bands. Three major findings are: (1) the proportion of high-frequent words to tokens in Japanese is lower than that in English; (2) the type-coverage curve of words in the difficult-band draws an unexpected shape; (3) the size of the intersection between high-frequent words in the easy-band and these in the difficult-band is unexpectedly small.

null

67,541

inproceedings

hochgesang-2014-use

The Use of a {F}ile{M}aker Pro Database in Evaluating Sign Language Notation Systems

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1506/

Hochgesang, Julie

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1917--1923

In this paper, FileMaker Pro has been used to create a database in order to evaluate sign language notation systems used for representing hand configurations. The database cited in this paper focuses on child acquisition data, particularly the dataset of one child and one adult productions of the same American Sign Language (ASL) signs produced in a two-year span. The hand configurations in selected signs have been coded using Stokoe notation (Stokoe, Casterline {\&} Croneberg, 1965), the Hamburg Notation System or HamNoSys (Prillwitz et al, 1989), the revised Prosodic Model Handshape Coding system or PM (Eccarius {\&} Brentari, 2008) and Sign Language Phonetic Annotation or SLPA, a notation system that has grown from the Movement-Hold Model (Johnson {\&} Liddell, 2010, 2011a, 2011b, 2012). Data was pulled from ELAN transcripts, organized and notated in a FileMaker Pro database created to investigate the representativeness of each system. Representativeness refers to the ability of the notation system to represent the hand configurations in the dataset. This paper briefly describes the design of the FileMaker Pro database intended to provide both quantitative and qualitative information in order to allow the sign language researcher to examine the representativeness of sign language notation systems.

null

67,542

inproceedings

popescu-etal-2014-mapping

Mapping {CPA} Patterns onto {O}nto{N}otes Senses

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1507/

Popescu, Octavian and Palmer, Martha and Hanks, Patrick

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

882--889

In this paper we present an alignment experiment between patterns of verb use discovered by Corpus Pattern Analysis (CPA; Hanks 2004, 2008, 2012) and verb senses in OntoNotes (ON; Hovy et al. 2006, Weischedel et al. 2011). We present a probabilistic approach for mapping one resource into the other. Firstly we introduce a basic model, based on conditional probabilities, which determines for any given sentence the best CPA pattern match. On the basis of this model, we propose a joint source channel model (JSCM) that computes the probability of compatibility of semantic types between a verb phrase and a pattern, irrespective of whether the verb phrase is a norm or an exploitation. We evaluate the accuracy of the proposed mapping using cluster similarity metrics based on entropy.

null

67,543

inproceedings

bender-2014-language

Language {C}o{LLAGE}: Grammatical Description with the {L}in{GO} Grammar Matrix

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1508/

Bender, Emily M.

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2447--2451

Language CoLLAGE is a collection of grammatical descriptions developed in the context of a grammar engineering graduate course with the LinGO Grammar Matrix. These grammatical descriptions include testsuites in well-formed interlinear glossed text (IGT) format, high-level grammatical characterizations called choices files, HPSG grammar fragments (capable of parsing and generation), and documentation. As of this writing, Language CoLLAGE includes resources for 52 typologically and areally diverse languages and this number is expected to grow over time. The resources for each language cover a similar range of core grammatical phenomena and are implemented in a uniform framework, compatible with the DELPH-IN suite of processing tools.

null

67,544

inproceedings

vazquez-etal-2014-applying

Applying Accessibility-Oriented Controlled Language ({CL}) Rules to Improve Appropriateness of Text Alternatives for Images: an Exploratory Study

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1509/

V{\'a}zquez, Silvia Rodr{\'i}guez and Bouillon, Pierrette and Bolfing, Anton

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

4139--4146

At present, inappropriate text alternatives for images in the Web continue to pose web accessibility barriers for people with special needs. Although research efforts have been devoted to define how to write text equivalents for visual content in websites, existing guidelines often lack direct linguistic-oriented recommendations. Similarly, most web accessibility evaluation tools just provide users with an automated functionality to check the presence of text alternatives within the element, rather than a platform to verify their content. This paper presents an overview of the findings from an exploratory study carried out to investigate if the appropriateness level of text alternatives for images in French can be improved when applying controlled language (CL) rules. Results gathered suggest that using accessibility-oriented alt style rules can have a significant impact on text alternatives appropriateness. Although more data would be needed to draw further conclusions about our proposal, this preliminary study already offers an interest insight into the potential use of CL checkers such as Acrolinx for language-based web accessibility evaluation.

null

67,545