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Continue the next paragraph in about 390-words of the given Wikipedia text on the topic 'Online newspaper': Even print media is turning to online-only publication. As of 2009, the decrease of the traditional business model of print newspapers has led to various attempts to establish local, regional or national online-only newspapers - publications that do original reporting, rather than just commentary or summaries of reporting from other publications. An early major example in the U.S. is the Seattle Post-Intelligencer, which stopped publishing after 149 years in March 2009 and went online only. In Scotland, in 2010, Caledonian Mercury became Scotland's first online-only newspaper, with the same aims as Southport Reporter in the UK, with The Yorkshire Times the following suit and becoming Yorkshire's first online-only paper in 2011. In the US, technology news websites such as CNET, TechCrunch, and ZDNet started as web publications and enjoy comparable readership to the conventional newspapers. Also, with the ever-rising popularity of online media, veteran publications like the U.S. News & World Report are abandoning print and going online-only. Another example of an online-only English daily newspaper is the Arabian Post, focusing on the Middle East's current affairs and business. In October 2020, 11 online only news portals formed DIGIPUB News India foundation to encourage an ecosystem of Digital Only press.	continue	General Knowledge	https://huggingface.co/datasets/wikimedia/wikipedia	Even print media is turning to online-only publication. As of 2009, the decrease of the traditional business model of print newspapers has led to various attempts to establish local, regional or national online-only newspapers - publications that do original reporting, rather than just commentary or summaries of reporting from other publications. An early major example in the U.S. is the Seattle Post-Intelligencer, which stopped publishing after 149 years in March 2009 and went online only. In Scotland, in 2010, Caledonian Mercury became Scotland's first online-only newspaper, with the same aims as Southport Reporter in the UK, with The Yorkshire Times the following suit and becoming Yorkshire's first online-only paper in 2011. In the US, technology news websites such as CNET, TechCrunch, and ZDNet started as web publications and enjoy comparable readership to the conventional newspapers. Also, with the ever-rising popularity of online media, veteran publications like the U.S. News & World Report are abandoning print and going online-only. Another example of an online-only English daily newspaper is the Arabian Post, focusing on the Middle East's current affairs and business. In October 2020, 11 online only news portals formed DIGIPUB News India foundation to encourage an ecosystem of Digital Only press.
Continue the next paragraph in about 320-words of the given Wikipedia text on the topic '1944 Massachusetts gubernatorial election': The 1944 Massachusetts gubernatorial election was held on November 7, 1944. Democrat Maurice J. Tobin defeated Republican Horace T. Cahill, Socialist Labor candidate Henning A. Blomen, and Prohibition candidate Guy S. Williams. Incumbent governor Leverett Saltonstall did not run for reelection. In the race for lieutenant governor, Republican Robert F. Bradford defeated Democrat John B. Carr, Socialist Labor candidate George L. McGlynn, and Prohibition candidate Alfred Erickson.	continue	General Knowledge	https://huggingface.co/datasets/wikimedia/wikipedia	The 1944 Massachusetts gubernatorial election was held on November 7, 1944. Democrat Maurice J. Tobin defeated Republican Horace T. Cahill, Socialist Labor candidate Henning A. Blomen, and Prohibition candidate Guy S. Williams. Incumbent governor Leverett Saltonstall did not run for reelection. In the race for lieutenant governor, Republican Robert F. Bradford defeated Democrat John B. Carr, Socialist Labor candidate George L. McGlynn, and Prohibition candidate Alfred Erickson.
Continue the next paragraph in about 390-words of the given Wikipedia text on the topic 'Kolva': Kolva is a name of several rivers in Russia: Kolva (Perm Krai), a tributary of the Vishera in Perm Krai Kolva (Usa), a tributary of the Usa in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug and the Komi Republic	continue	General Knowledge	https://huggingface.co/datasets/wikimedia/wikipedia	Kolva is a name of several rivers in Russia: Kolva (Perm Krai), a tributary of the Vishera in Perm Krai Kolva (Usa), a tributary of the Usa in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug and the Komi Republic
Continue the next paragraph in about 340-words of the given Wikipedia text on the topic 'Milkshaking': On 27 September, Justin Barrett, leader of the Irish far-right National Party, was milkshaked in Galway. In the wake of the incident, the student who threw the milkshake at Barrett reportedly received targeted abuse and threats from far-right extremists. In September 2020, a smoothie was thrown at the Irish Tánaiste Leo Varadkar by an unknown person. Varadkar remarked that he thought he was being approached by Avril Lavigne. The Irish Council for Civil Liberties voiced concern after it was revealed that the Garda Síochána were engaged in the profiling of left-wing activist women in an attempt to identify the assailant. Analysis and ethics The wave of milkshaking incidents in 2019 prompted discussion in the media regarding the reasons for it being adopted as a protest tactic and whether or not it was ethically justifiable. Philosopher Benjamin Franks suggested that the use of particular foodstuffs in political protest had historically been a practical matter, noting that whilst "nowadays, carrying raw eggs to a nationalist meeting would require some backstory to justify it if challenged by the police", until recently carrying a milkshake would not have aroused the same suspicion. He also argued that milkshaking "is clearly effective in making the victim feel uncomfortable and look ridiculous". Ivan Gololobov, a politics academic at the University of Bath, highlighted the importance of "online follow-up" to modern protest politics, observing that milkshaking someone who was attempting to portray themselves as a serious and credible political figure was an effective way of undercutting their image. Writing for Vice, Jazmine Sleman suggested that milkshaking was a form of dilemma action which created "a lose-lose situation for the opposition... because there's no good way to respond to a milkshaking". The New Republics Matt Ford asserted that milkshaking was effective against far right leaders due to its potential for humiliating them: "nothing animates the far right or shapes its worldview quite so much as the desire to humiliate others—and the fear of being humiliated themselves".	continue	General Knowledge	https://huggingface.co/datasets/wikimedia/wikipedia	On 27 September, Justin Barrett, leader of the Irish far-right National Party, was milkshaked in Galway. In the wake of the incident, the student who threw the milkshake at Barrett reportedly received targeted abuse and threats from far-right extremists. In September 2020, a smoothie was thrown at the Irish Tánaiste Leo Varadkar by an unknown person. Varadkar remarked that he thought he was being approached by Avril Lavigne. The Irish Council for Civil Liberties voiced concern after it was revealed that the Garda Síochána were engaged in the profiling of left-wing activist women in an attempt to identify the assailant. Analysis and ethics The wave of milkshaking incidents in 2019 prompted discussion in the media regarding the reasons for it being adopted as a protest tactic and whether or not it was ethically justifiable. Philosopher Benjamin Franks suggested that the use of particular foodstuffs in political protest had historically been a practical matter, noting that whilst "nowadays, carrying raw eggs to a nationalist meeting would require some backstory to justify it if challenged by the police", until recently carrying a milkshake would not have aroused the same suspicion. He also argued that milkshaking "is clearly effective in making the victim feel uncomfortable and look ridiculous". Ivan Gololobov, a politics academic at the University of Bath, highlighted the importance of "online follow-up" to modern protest politics, observing that milkshaking someone who was attempting to portray themselves as a serious and credible political figure was an effective way of undercutting their image. Writing for Vice, Jazmine Sleman suggested that milkshaking was a form of dilemma action which created "a lose-lose situation for the opposition... because there's no good way to respond to a milkshaking". The New Republics Matt Ford asserted that milkshaking was effective against far right leaders due to its potential for humiliating them: "nothing animates the far right or shapes its worldview quite so much as the desire to humiliate others—and the fear of being humiliated themselves".
Continue the next paragraph in about 310-words of the given Wikipedia text on the topic 'Sichtungsgarten Weihenstephan': The Sichtungsgarten Weihenstephan (Trial Garden Weihenstephan) is a 7 ha garden maintained by the Fachhochschule Weihenstephan. It is located at Am Staudengarten 9, Weihenstephan, Freising, Bavaria, Germany, and is open daily from April to October. Admission is free. Along with several other gardens located at Weihenstephan (Hofgarten, Oberdickgarten, Parterregarten, Kleingarten, Arboretum), the Sichtungsgarten is part of the Weihenstephaner Gärten (Gardens of Weihenstephan). The garden was founded by Richard Hansen in 1948. It now contains a large variety of trees, shrubs and herbaceous perennials and is primarily focused on education and training for students of horticulture and landscape architecture. The garden is renowned for its spectacular flower beds and borders, best to be appreciated between June and September.	continue	General Knowledge	https://huggingface.co/datasets/wikimedia/wikipedia	The Sichtungsgarten Weihenstephan (Trial Garden Weihenstephan) is a 7 ha garden maintained by the Fachhochschule Weihenstephan. It is located at Am Staudengarten 9, Weihenstephan, Freising, Bavaria, Germany, and is open daily from April to October. Admission is free. Along with several other gardens located at Weihenstephan (Hofgarten, Oberdickgarten, Parterregarten, Kleingarten, Arboretum), the Sichtungsgarten is part of the Weihenstephaner Gärten (Gardens of Weihenstephan). The garden was founded by Richard Hansen in 1948. It now contains a large variety of trees, shrubs and herbaceous perennials and is primarily focused on education and training for students of horticulture and landscape architecture. The garden is renowned for its spectacular flower beds and borders, best to be appreciated between June and September.
Continue the next paragraph in about 340-words of the given Wikipedia text on the topic 'Kowanyama, Queensland': Since the 1990s, many Kowanyama people have been returning to their ancestral lands through the Homelands Movement. Homelands within the Kowanyama DOGIT include Scrubby Bore, Red Lilly, Ten Mile, Shelfo, Stewart Place, Old Rodeo Ground, Kowanyumal, Duck Hole, Wonya Bore, Kokomenjen Island, Wallaby Island, Joe's Lagoon, Yangr Bore, Engkoram, Fish Hole, Robert Demaine great elder and Thilpi. Other homelands, including the Oriners Pastoral Lease and the Sefton Pastoral Lease, were independently purchased by the Kowanyama Council and are located outside the DOGIT boundary. At the 2006 census, the town of Kowanyama had a population of 1,017. In the , the locality of Kowanyama had a population of 944 people.	continue	General Knowledge	https://huggingface.co/datasets/wikimedia/wikipedia	Since the 1990s, many Kowanyama people have been returning to their ancestral lands through the Homelands Movement. Homelands within the Kowanyama DOGIT include Scrubby Bore, Red Lilly, Ten Mile, Shelfo, Stewart Place, Old Rodeo Ground, Kowanyumal, Duck Hole, Wonya Bore, Kokomenjen Island, Wallaby Island, Joe's Lagoon, Yangr Bore, Engkoram, Fish Hole, Robert Demaine great elder and Thilpi. Other homelands, including the Oriners Pastoral Lease and the Sefton Pastoral Lease, were independently purchased by the Kowanyama Council and are located outside the DOGIT boundary. At the 2006 census, the town of Kowanyama had a population of 1,017. In the , the locality of Kowanyama had a population of 944 people.
Continue the next paragraph in about 360-words of the given Wikipedia text on the topic 'Tenmile Range': Gallery	continue	General Knowledge	https://huggingface.co/datasets/wikimedia/wikipedia	Gallery
Continue the next paragraph in about 400-words of the given Wikipedia text on the topic 'Altagonum europhilum': Altagonum europhilum is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Carabinae. It was described by Darlington in 1952.	continue	General Knowledge	https://huggingface.co/datasets/wikimedia/wikipedia	Altagonum europhilum is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Carabinae. It was described by Darlington in 1952.
Continue the next paragraph in about 340-words of the given Wikipedia text on the topic 'Vrenska Gorca': Vrenska Gorca (, ) is a settlement south of Buče in the Municipality of Kozje in eastern Slovenia. The municipality is included in the Savinja Statistical Region. The area is part of the historical region of Styria.	continue	General Knowledge	https://huggingface.co/datasets/wikimedia/wikipedia	Vrenska Gorca (, ) is a settlement south of Buče in the Municipality of Kozje in eastern Slovenia. The municipality is included in the Savinja Statistical Region. The area is part of the historical region of Styria.
Continue the next paragraph in about 400-words of the given Wikipedia text on the topic 'American Society for Testing and Materials et al. v. Public. Resource. Org': Support for Public.Resource.Org A number of library and public interest associations weighed in supporting the position of Public.Resource.Org. These organizations include American Association of Law Libraries, Electronic Frontier Foundation, Library Futures, Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press, and Public Citizen.	continue	General Knowledge	https://huggingface.co/datasets/wikimedia/wikipedia	Support for Public.Resource.Org A number of library and public interest associations weighed in supporting the position of Public.Resource.Org. These organizations include American Association of Law Libraries, Electronic Frontier Foundation, Library Futures, Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press, and Public Citizen.
Continue the next paragraph in about 300-words of the given Wikipedia text on the topic 'Georgia Thompson': In January 2006, Thompson was indicted on charges that she steered the contract to Adelman as a reward for its campaign contributions. According to the indictment, Thompson "intentionally inflated her scores for Adelman and suggested that other committee members do the same." After Omega still came out ahead, the indictment said, Thompson convinced the panel to do a "best and final" bid round between just the two companies, which Adelman won. Thompson was indicted on two felony counts, misapplication of funds and fraud. Later that month, Gov. Doyle cancelled the Adelman contract, but the campaign did not return the contributions. In June 2006, a federal jury convicted Thompson of both felony counts. According to United States Attorney Steven Biskupic, although there was no "pay to play" deal alleged, the contributions were part of an overall scheme that constituted honest services fraud. Trial testimony showed that Doyle and his aide Marc Marotta had meetings and phone contacts with Adelman executives during the bidding period; according to Doyle's top aide Steve Bablitch, no connection with the Governor was shown at trial. Members of the committee also testified that Thompson had told them that the contract needed to go to Adelman for "political reasons." Doyle and Marotta were not charged. According to Doyle, Thompson acted on her own, and prosecutor Biskupic said the case was about "Georgia Thompson and Georgia Thompson alone." Thompson had resigned her position before Doyle could fire her. Although Thompson faced a maximum of 20 years in federal prison, she was sentenced by U.S. District Judge Rudolph T. Randa to 18 months.	continue	General Knowledge	https://huggingface.co/datasets/wikimedia/wikipedia	In January 2006, Thompson was indicted on charges that she steered the contract to Adelman as a reward for its campaign contributions. According to the indictment, Thompson "intentionally inflated her scores for Adelman and suggested that other committee members do the same." After Omega still came out ahead, the indictment said, Thompson convinced the panel to do a "best and final" bid round between just the two companies, which Adelman won. Thompson was indicted on two felony counts, misapplication of funds and fraud. Later that month, Gov. Doyle cancelled the Adelman contract, but the campaign did not return the contributions. In June 2006, a federal jury convicted Thompson of both felony counts. According to United States Attorney Steven Biskupic, although there was no "pay to play" deal alleged, the contributions were part of an overall scheme that constituted honest services fraud. Trial testimony showed that Doyle and his aide Marc Marotta had meetings and phone contacts with Adelman executives during the bidding period; according to Doyle's top aide Steve Bablitch, no connection with the Governor was shown at trial. Members of the committee also testified that Thompson had told them that the contract needed to go to Adelman for "political reasons." Doyle and Marotta were not charged. According to Doyle, Thompson acted on her own, and prosecutor Biskupic said the case was about "Georgia Thompson and Georgia Thompson alone." Thompson had resigned her position before Doyle could fire her. Although Thompson faced a maximum of 20 years in federal prison, she was sentenced by U.S. District Judge Rudolph T. Randa to 18 months.
Continue the next paragraph in about 300-words of the given Wikipedia text on the topic 'Sennar Airport': Sennar Airport is an airport serving Sennar in Sudan. Sennar Airport is the most important airport of Sennar, Sudan. It is modern and one of the largest airports of Africa. Sennar Airport is important for people and government of Sudan.	continue	General Knowledge	https://huggingface.co/datasets/wikimedia/wikipedia	Sennar Airport is an airport serving Sennar in Sudan. Sennar Airport is the most important airport of Sennar, Sudan. It is modern and one of the largest airports of Africa. Sennar Airport is important for people and government of Sudan.
Continue the next paragraph in about 330-words of the given Wikipedia text on the topic 'Carrier Houses': Carrier Houses, also known as the Carrier-Ward House and Carrier-McBrayer House, are two historic homes located near Rutherfordton, Rutherford County, North Carolina. The Carrier-Ward House was built in 1879, and is a two-story, weatherboarded, side-gabled Queen Anne-style frame house. It has a front projecting wing and a three-story square tower with pyramidal roof. The Carrier-McBrayer House was built about 1835, and is a transitional Federal / Greek Revival style I-house with two-story ell. The weatherboarded house sits on a brick foundation. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.	continue	General Knowledge	https://huggingface.co/datasets/wikimedia/wikipedia	Carrier Houses, also known as the Carrier-Ward House and Carrier-McBrayer House, are two historic homes located near Rutherfordton, Rutherford County, North Carolina. The Carrier-Ward House was built in 1879, and is a two-story, weatherboarded, side-gabled Queen Anne-style frame house. It has a front projecting wing and a three-story square tower with pyramidal roof. The Carrier-McBrayer House was built about 1835, and is a transitional Federal / Greek Revival style I-house with two-story ell. The weatherboarded house sits on a brick foundation. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.
Continue the next paragraph in about 300-words of the given Wikipedia text on the topic 'Williams EJ22': To achieve the required thrust-specific fuel consumption, the EJ22 turbofan was designed as a three spool engine having a fan, two axial compressors and three expansion turbines. As a result, the engine was significantly more complicated than any prior Williams International engine. While very impressive on the test stand, the EJ22 proved quite temperamental during the two years of its development process and it was frequently subject to problems starting, overheating, part failures and various subsystem issues. Specifications	continue	General Knowledge	https://huggingface.co/datasets/wikimedia/wikipedia	To achieve the required thrust-specific fuel consumption, the EJ22 turbofan was designed as a three spool engine having a fan, two axial compressors and three expansion turbines. As a result, the engine was significantly more complicated than any prior Williams International engine. While very impressive on the test stand, the EJ22 proved quite temperamental during the two years of its development process and it was frequently subject to problems starting, overheating, part failures and various subsystem issues. Specifications
Continue the next paragraph in about 350-words of the given Wikipedia text on the topic 'Mulloy, Oregon': Mulloy is an unincorporated community in Washington County, Oregon, United States, with a population of 59 in 1920.	continue	General Knowledge	https://huggingface.co/datasets/wikimedia/wikipedia	Mulloy is an unincorporated community in Washington County, Oregon, United States, with a population of 59 in 1920.
Continue the next paragraph in about 360-words of the given Wikipedia text on the topic 'South Kara basin': The South Kara basin is part of the Arctic shelf of Russia, associated with the Kara Sea. It is covered with Permian-Quaternary deposits over 10 km thick. It is the northern, lowest part of the West Siberian midland plate and separated from the North Kara basin by the North Siberian sill (along Novaya Zemlya-Taimyr Peninsula). It is bounded by the Pai-Khoi Range and Novaya Zemlya from the West and by Taimyr folds in the South-East. The basin includes the East-Prinovozemelsky field, a gigantic undeveloped Arctic oil and gas field.	continue	General Knowledge	https://huggingface.co/datasets/wikimedia/wikipedia	The South Kara basin is part of the Arctic shelf of Russia, associated with the Kara Sea. It is covered with Permian-Quaternary deposits over 10 km thick. It is the northern, lowest part of the West Siberian midland plate and separated from the North Kara basin by the North Siberian sill (along Novaya Zemlya-Taimyr Peninsula). It is bounded by the Pai-Khoi Range and Novaya Zemlya from the West and by Taimyr folds in the South-East. The basin includes the East-Prinovozemelsky field, a gigantic undeveloped Arctic oil and gas field.
Continue the next paragraph in about 390-words of the given Wikipedia text on the topic 'Anthony Abdy': Anthony Abdy may refer to: Anthony Abdy (1579–1640), English East India merchant Sir Anthony Abdy, 2nd Baronet (1655–1704), of the Abdy baronets Sir Anthony Abdy, 3rd Baronet (1688–1733), of the Abdy baronets Sir Anthony Abdy, 5th Baronet ( 1720–1775), British lawyer and MP for Knaresborough Anthony Abdy (cricketer) (1856–1924), British cricketer for Essex and Hampshire	continue	General Knowledge	https://huggingface.co/datasets/wikimedia/wikipedia	Anthony Abdy may refer to: Anthony Abdy (1579–1640), English East India merchant Sir Anthony Abdy, 2nd Baronet (1655–1704), of the Abdy baronets Sir Anthony Abdy, 3rd Baronet (1688–1733), of the Abdy baronets Sir Anthony Abdy, 5th Baronet ( 1720–1775), British lawyer and MP for Knaresborough Anthony Abdy (cricketer) (1856–1924), British cricketer for Essex and Hampshire
Continue the next paragraph in about 400-words of the given Wikipedia text on the topic 'Hardie': Hardie is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: Albert Hardie, Jr. (born 1987), American professional wrestler Andrew Hardie, Baron Hardie (born 1946), British lawyer and politician Andrew Hardie (radical) Brad Hardie (born 1962), former Australian rules footballer Grant Hardie (born 1992), Scottish curler James Allen Hardie (1823-76), American soldier John Hardie (rugby union) (born 1988), New Zealand rugby player John Hardie (footballer), Scottish footballer Keir Hardie (1856-1915), British politician Martin Hardie (footballer), Scottish footballer Michael Hardie Boys, New Zealand judge and Governor-General Neil Hardie, English curler Philip Hardie, professor of Latin literature R. A. Hardie, Canadian physician and missionary to Korea Ryan Hardie (born 1997), Scottish footballer	continue	General Knowledge	https://huggingface.co/datasets/wikimedia/wikipedia	Hardie is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: Albert Hardie, Jr. (born 1987), American professional wrestler Andrew Hardie, Baron Hardie (born 1946), British lawyer and politician Andrew Hardie (radical) Brad Hardie (born 1962), former Australian rules footballer Grant Hardie (born 1992), Scottish curler James Allen Hardie (1823-76), American soldier John Hardie (rugby union) (born 1988), New Zealand rugby player John Hardie (footballer), Scottish footballer Keir Hardie (1856-1915), British politician Martin Hardie (footballer), Scottish footballer Michael Hardie Boys, New Zealand judge and Governor-General Neil Hardie, English curler Philip Hardie, professor of Latin literature R. A. Hardie, Canadian physician and missionary to Korea Ryan Hardie (born 1997), Scottish footballer
Continue the next paragraph in about 340-words of the given Wikipedia text on the topic 'Paraeuphranta': Paraeuphranta is a genus of tephritid or fruit flies in the family Tephritidae.	continue	General Knowledge	https://huggingface.co/datasets/wikimedia/wikipedia	Paraeuphranta is a genus of tephritid or fruit flies in the family Tephritidae.
Continue the next paragraph in about 390-words of the given Wikipedia text on the topic 'Popovjani': As of the 2021 census, Popovjani had 142 residents with the following ethnic composition: Albanians 135 Persons for whom data are taken from administrative sources 6 Macedonians 1 According to the 2002 census, the village had a total of 399 inhabitants. Ethnic groups in the village include: Albanians 397 Macedonians 2	continue	General Knowledge	https://huggingface.co/datasets/wikimedia/wikipedia	As of the 2021 census, Popovjani had 142 residents with the following ethnic composition: Albanians 135 Persons for whom data are taken from administrative sources 6 Macedonians 1 According to the 2002 census, the village had a total of 399 inhabitants. Ethnic groups in the village include: Albanians 397 Macedonians 2
Continue the next paragraph in about 310-words of the given Wikipedia text on the topic 'Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine': The EMU has repeatedly held leading places in the 'Book of the Year' Ukrainian national rating, it was awarded numerous diplomas, in particular, in 2003 it became a laureate of the "Person of the Year-2002" Ukrainian national program in the category "Cultural Project of the Year ". Previously it was planned the EMU will form the basis for the national multi-volume Ukrainian Universal Encyclopaedia, a common project of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the Shevchenko Scientific Society.	continue	General Knowledge	https://huggingface.co/datasets/wikimedia/wikipedia	The EMU has repeatedly held leading places in the 'Book of the Year' Ukrainian national rating, it was awarded numerous diplomas, in particular, in 2003 it became a laureate of the "Person of the Year-2002" Ukrainian national program in the category "Cultural Project of the Year ". Previously it was planned the EMU will form the basis for the national multi-volume Ukrainian Universal Encyclopaedia, a common project of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the Shevchenko Scientific Society.
Continue the next paragraph in about 400-words of the given Wikipedia text on the topic 'Short-title catalogue': A short-title catalogue (or catalog) is a bibliographical resource that lists printed items in an abbreviated fashion, recording the most important words of their titles. The term is commonly encountered in the context of early modern books, which frequently have lengthy, descriptive titles on their title pages. Many short-title catalogues are union catalogues, listing items in the custody of multiple libraries. Online short-title catalogues in fact tend to record complete (and therefore longer) title transcriptions. Examples STC: A. W. Pollard and G. R. Redgrave, editors: A Short-Title Catalogue of Books Printed in England, Scotland and Ireland, and of English Books Printed Abroad 1475–1640. Second edition, revised and enlarged, begun by W. A. Jackson and F. S. Ferguson, completed by K. F. Pantzer. London: The Bibliographical Society. Vol. I (A–H). 1986. Pp. 620. Vol. II (I–Z). 1976. Pp. 504. Vol. III (Indexes, addenda, corrigenda). 1991. Pp. 430. Wing: Short-Title Catalogue of Books Printed in England, Scotland, Ireland, Wales, and British America, and of English Books Printed in Other Countries, 1641–1700 by Donald Goddard Wing ESTC: English Short Title Catalogue, online database covering 1473–1800 (and incorporating and updating the STC and Wing) NSTC: , covering English books 1801–1919 ISTC: Incunabula Short Title Catalogue, online database covering incunabula, i.e. books printed up to 1500 STCN: Short Title Catalogue Netherlands, online database covering the Netherlands, 1540–1800 STCV: Short Title Catalogus Vlaanderen (Short Title Catalogue Flanders), online database of books printed in Flanders (including Brussels) prior to 1801 BM STC: Short-title catalogues of the British Museum (now the British Library), covering various countries and centuries USTC: Universal Short Title Catalogue, online database of all books printed in Europe up to 1650 Bod-inc.: A Catalogue of Books Printed in the Fifteenth Century now in the Bodleian Library	continue	General Knowledge	https://huggingface.co/datasets/wikimedia/wikipedia	A short-title catalogue (or catalog) is a bibliographical resource that lists printed items in an abbreviated fashion, recording the most important words of their titles. The term is commonly encountered in the context of early modern books, which frequently have lengthy, descriptive titles on their title pages. Many short-title catalogues are union catalogues, listing items in the custody of multiple libraries. Online short-title catalogues in fact tend to record complete (and therefore longer) title transcriptions. Examples STC: A. W. Pollard and G. R. Redgrave, editors: A Short-Title Catalogue of Books Printed in England, Scotland and Ireland, and of English Books Printed Abroad 1475–1640. Second edition, revised and enlarged, begun by W. A. Jackson and F. S. Ferguson, completed by K. F. Pantzer. London: The Bibliographical Society. Vol. I (A–H). 1986. Pp. 620. Vol. II (I–Z). 1976. Pp. 504. Vol. III (Indexes, addenda, corrigenda). 1991. Pp. 430. Wing: Short-Title Catalogue of Books Printed in England, Scotland, Ireland, Wales, and British America, and of English Books Printed in Other Countries, 1641–1700 by Donald Goddard Wing ESTC: English Short Title Catalogue, online database covering 1473–1800 (and incorporating and updating the STC and Wing) NSTC: , covering English books 1801–1919 ISTC: Incunabula Short Title Catalogue, online database covering incunabula, i.e. books printed up to 1500 STCN: Short Title Catalogue Netherlands, online database covering the Netherlands, 1540–1800 STCV: Short Title Catalogus Vlaanderen (Short Title Catalogue Flanders), online database of books printed in Flanders (including Brussels) prior to 1801 BM STC: Short-title catalogues of the British Museum (now the British Library), covering various countries and centuries USTC: Universal Short Title Catalogue, online database of all books printed in Europe up to 1650 Bod-inc.: A Catalogue of Books Printed in the Fifteenth Century now in the Bodleian Library
Continue the next paragraph in about 320-words of the given Wikipedia text on the topic 'Niger national rugby union team': The Niger national rugby union team represents Niger in international rugby union. Niger are a member of the International Rugby Board (IRB), and have yet to play in a Rugby World Cup tournament. Niger were the runner up to Tanzania in the CAR Castel Beer Trophy in 2006, but won the northern section. Record Overall	continue	General Knowledge	https://huggingface.co/datasets/wikimedia/wikipedia	The Niger national rugby union team represents Niger in international rugby union. Niger are a member of the International Rugby Board (IRB), and have yet to play in a Rugby World Cup tournament. Niger were the runner up to Tanzania in the CAR Castel Beer Trophy in 2006, but won the northern section. Record Overall
Continue the next paragraph in about 400-words of the given Wikipedia text on the topic 'Leave the Light On': Leave the Light On may refer to: Leave the Light On (Lorrie Morgan album), a 1989 album by Lorrie Morgan Leave the Light On (Beth Hart album), a 2003 album by Beth Hart Leave the Light On (Chris Smither album), a 2006 album by Chris Smither Leave the Light On (Jeff Bates album), a 2006 album by Jeff Bates Leave the Light On (EP), a 2022 EP by Bailey Zimmerman Leave the Light On (memoir), the second memoir written by Jennifer Storm "Leave the Light On", a 1998 song by Lagwagon	continue	General Knowledge	https://huggingface.co/datasets/wikimedia/wikipedia	Leave the Light On may refer to: Leave the Light On (Lorrie Morgan album), a 1989 album by Lorrie Morgan Leave the Light On (Beth Hart album), a 2003 album by Beth Hart Leave the Light On (Chris Smither album), a 2006 album by Chris Smither Leave the Light On (Jeff Bates album), a 2006 album by Jeff Bates Leave the Light On (EP), a 2022 EP by Bailey Zimmerman Leave the Light On (memoir), the second memoir written by Jennifer Storm "Leave the Light On", a 1998 song by Lagwagon
Continue the next paragraph in about 340-words of the given Wikipedia text on the topic 'President of Ambazonia': In February 2022, Sako ordered the suspension of the Restoration Council, the legislative arm of the Interim Government. The Restoration Council subsequently impeached Sako, thus widening the long-running Ambazonian leadership crisis. Meeting in Washington DC, 10-13 March 2022, the second Ambazonian Stakeholders Strategic Conference upgraded the Restoration Council to an Interim House of Representatives elected from the 13 counties of Ambazonia and reaffirmed support of Sako as President of Ambazonia. Meanwhile, the Restoration Council, declared United Kingdom based Marianta Njomia as Sako's replacement in the interim. On September 10 2022, long-term IG spokesperson Chris Anu (brother of deceased separatist general Lekeaka Oliver and former Sako loyalist) declared himself President of Ambazonia. Consequently, the separatist movement found itself with four claimants for president. List	continue	General Knowledge	https://huggingface.co/datasets/wikimedia/wikipedia	In February 2022, Sako ordered the suspension of the Restoration Council, the legislative arm of the Interim Government. The Restoration Council subsequently impeached Sako, thus widening the long-running Ambazonian leadership crisis. Meeting in Washington DC, 10-13 March 2022, the second Ambazonian Stakeholders Strategic Conference upgraded the Restoration Council to an Interim House of Representatives elected from the 13 counties of Ambazonia and reaffirmed support of Sako as President of Ambazonia. Meanwhile, the Restoration Council, declared United Kingdom based Marianta Njomia as Sako's replacement in the interim. On September 10 2022, long-term IG spokesperson Chris Anu (brother of deceased separatist general Lekeaka Oliver and former Sako loyalist) declared himself President of Ambazonia. Consequently, the separatist movement found itself with four claimants for president. List
Continue the next paragraph in about 380-words of the given Wikipedia text on the topic 'Sugarloaf Mountain (Rowan County, Kentucky)': Sugarloaf Mountain is a mountain located in Rowan County, Kentucky, just outside the City of Morehead, Kentucky. In January, 1904, a volcanic eruption on Sugarloaf Mountain was reported in The New York Times, which noted much smoke, deep rumbling, and destruction to the trees, leading locals to prepare an evacuation. However, The Bee, a local Earlington, Kentucky-based newspaper, later reported the smoke was the result of an illicit moonshining operation which was shut down weeks later.	continue	General Knowledge	https://huggingface.co/datasets/wikimedia/wikipedia	Sugarloaf Mountain is a mountain located in Rowan County, Kentucky, just outside the City of Morehead, Kentucky. In January, 1904, a volcanic eruption on Sugarloaf Mountain was reported in The New York Times, which noted much smoke, deep rumbling, and destruction to the trees, leading locals to prepare an evacuation. However, The Bee, a local Earlington, Kentucky-based newspaper, later reported the smoke was the result of an illicit moonshining operation which was shut down weeks later.
Continue the next paragraph in about 330-words of the given Wikipedia text on the topic 'Murder of Christopher Alaneme': Christopher Alaneme (1 October 1987 – 21 April 2006) was a British murder victim. He was eighteen years old when he was murdered on 21 April 2006 in Sheerness, Kent, England. The convicted killer is Peter Connolly, who was a painter and decorator of Carisbrooke Gardens, Peckham. Biography Alaneme was born at Farnborough Hospital in Orpington, London, on 1 October 1987. His parents, Gabriel and Agatha Alaneme, moved from Nigeria to live in Britain in the 1970s. He had three sisters, Maryann, 21, Jane, 16, and Grace, 12, and in their early years they lived in Bromley, south-east London. Alaneme left London to escape the violence of the big city and pursue a new life in a coastal town. He was a family friend of Kele Okereke, singer and guitarist of the band Bloc Party, who wrote their song "Where Is Home?" about his murder and dedicated it to him. The eighteen-year-old died from a fatal wound to his abdomen. The five men charged with his murder were Londoners who had travelled to Kent that day to stay at a caravan park. They had spent the evening drinking in pubs in Sheerness before crossing the path of Alaneme and his friends in the street at around midnight. Maidstone Crown Court also heard one of the five white men make a racist remark about Alaneme after coming across him following a night's heavy drinking, during which some had taken cocaine. When the black teenager's white friends objected, the gang chased and surrounded Alaneme, fatally stabbing him in his liver, it was alleged.	continue	General Knowledge	https://huggingface.co/datasets/wikimedia/wikipedia	Christopher Alaneme (1 October 1987 – 21 April 2006) was a British murder victim. He was eighteen years old when he was murdered on 21 April 2006 in Sheerness, Kent, England. The convicted killer is Peter Connolly, who was a painter and decorator of Carisbrooke Gardens, Peckham. Biography Alaneme was born at Farnborough Hospital in Orpington, London, on 1 October 1987. His parents, Gabriel and Agatha Alaneme, moved from Nigeria to live in Britain in the 1970s. He had three sisters, Maryann, 21, Jane, 16, and Grace, 12, and in their early years they lived in Bromley, south-east London. Alaneme left London to escape the violence of the big city and pursue a new life in a coastal town. He was a family friend of Kele Okereke, singer and guitarist of the band Bloc Party, who wrote their song "Where Is Home?" about his murder and dedicated it to him. The eighteen-year-old died from a fatal wound to his abdomen. The five men charged with his murder were Londoners who had travelled to Kent that day to stay at a caravan park. They had spent the evening drinking in pubs in Sheerness before crossing the path of Alaneme and his friends in the street at around midnight. Maidstone Crown Court also heard one of the five white men make a racist remark about Alaneme after coming across him following a night's heavy drinking, during which some had taken cocaine. When the black teenager's white friends objected, the gang chased and surrounded Alaneme, fatally stabbing him in his liver, it was alleged.
Continue the next paragraph in about 390-words of the given Wikipedia text on the topic 'Spielvogel': Spielvogel is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: Alice Mae (nee Buschmann) Spielvogel, singer of the barbershop quartet, The Chordettes Barbaralee Diamonstein-Spielvogel, American author and activist Carl Spielvogel (1928–2021), businessman and former ambassador Jackson J. Spielvogel, American professor and author Nathan Spielvogel (1874–1956), Australian schoolteacher and author Surnames from nicknames	continue	General Knowledge	https://huggingface.co/datasets/wikimedia/wikipedia	Spielvogel is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: Alice Mae (nee Buschmann) Spielvogel, singer of the barbershop quartet, The Chordettes Barbaralee Diamonstein-Spielvogel, American author and activist Carl Spielvogel (1928–2021), businessman and former ambassador Jackson J. Spielvogel, American professor and author Nathan Spielvogel (1874–1956), Australian schoolteacher and author Surnames from nicknames
Continue the next paragraph in about 320-words of the given Wikipedia text on the topic 'Darreh Giri': Darreh Giri (, also Romanized as Darreh Gīrī and Darreh Garreh) is a village in Miyankuh-e Sharqi Rural District, Mamulan District, Pol-e Dokhtar County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 87, in 18 families.	continue	General Knowledge	https://huggingface.co/datasets/wikimedia/wikipedia	Darreh Giri (, also Romanized as Darreh Gīrī and Darreh Garreh) is a village in Miyankuh-e Sharqi Rural District, Mamulan District, Pol-e Dokhtar County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 87, in 18 families.
Continue the next paragraph in about 300-words of the given Wikipedia text on the topic 'Dehnow-e Alibaba': Dehnow-e Alibaba (, also Romanized as Dehnow-e ʿAlībābā) is a village in Rig Rural District, in the Central District of Lordegan County, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 147, in 29 families.	continue	General Knowledge	https://huggingface.co/datasets/wikimedia/wikipedia	Dehnow-e Alibaba (, also Romanized as Dehnow-e ʿAlībābā) is a village in Rig Rural District, in the Central District of Lordegan County, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 147, in 29 families.
Continue the next paragraph in about 310-words of the given Wikipedia text on the topic 'William Thomas White': White did not practice law after his graduation, but instead worked as a Managing Director for the National Trust Company, Ltd., becoming its Vice-President in 1911. National Trust was incorporated in 1898 by Senator George Albertus Cox and Edward Rogers Wood. National Trust Company, Ltd. became part of Bank of Nova Scotia as Scotia Trust in 1997. Political career and finance minister White was initially a Liberal party member, but his views diverged from the party's policies on some key matters. He was a supporter of British imperialism, and joined Clifford Sifton and other Liberals in signing an anti - reciprocity manifesto in 1911.	continue	General Knowledge	https://huggingface.co/datasets/wikimedia/wikipedia	White did not practice law after his graduation, but instead worked as a Managing Director for the National Trust Company, Ltd., becoming its Vice-President in 1911. National Trust was incorporated in 1898 by Senator George Albertus Cox and Edward Rogers Wood. National Trust Company, Ltd. became part of Bank of Nova Scotia as Scotia Trust in 1997. Political career and finance minister White was initially a Liberal party member, but his views diverged from the party's policies on some key matters. He was a supporter of British imperialism, and joined Clifford Sifton and other Liberals in signing an anti - reciprocity manifesto in 1911.
Continue the next paragraph in about 360-words of the given Wikipedia text on the topic 'Leonov': Leonov (masculine, ) or Leonova (feminine, ) is a Russian surname. Notable people with the surname include: Aleksandra Leonova (born 1964), Russian women's basketball player Aleksandr Leonov (born 1978), Russian boxer Alena Leonova (born 1990), Russian figure skater Alexei Leonov (1934–2019), Russian/Soviet cosmonaut; the first person to walk in space Elena Leonova (born 1973), Russian Soviet pair skater Leonid Leonov, prominent Soviet novelist Nikolai Leonov, Soviet KGB officer Sergey Leonov (born 1983), Russian politician Viktor Leonov (1916–2003), Soviet Sailor and two time Hero of the Soviet Union Yevgeny Leonov, popular Soviet actor Ihor Leonov, Ukrainian footballer, defender, known for playing with Shakhtar Donetsk	continue	General Knowledge	https://huggingface.co/datasets/wikimedia/wikipedia	Leonov (masculine, ) or Leonova (feminine, ) is a Russian surname. Notable people with the surname include: Aleksandra Leonova (born 1964), Russian women's basketball player Aleksandr Leonov (born 1978), Russian boxer Alena Leonova (born 1990), Russian figure skater Alexei Leonov (1934–2019), Russian/Soviet cosmonaut; the first person to walk in space Elena Leonova (born 1973), Russian Soviet pair skater Leonid Leonov, prominent Soviet novelist Nikolai Leonov, Soviet KGB officer Sergey Leonov (born 1983), Russian politician Viktor Leonov (1916–2003), Soviet Sailor and two time Hero of the Soviet Union Yevgeny Leonov, popular Soviet actor Ihor Leonov, Ukrainian footballer, defender, known for playing with Shakhtar Donetsk
Continue the next paragraph in about 310-words of the given Wikipedia text on the topic 'Lance Dry': Lance Dry (born 14 December 1975) is a New Zealand cricketer. He played in five first-class matches for Wellington from 1994 to 1999.	continue	General Knowledge	https://huggingface.co/datasets/wikimedia/wikipedia	Lance Dry (born 14 December 1975) is a New Zealand cricketer. He played in five first-class matches for Wellington from 1994 to 1999.
Continue the next paragraph in about 390-words of the given Wikipedia text on the topic 'Galva, Illinois': Galva is a city in Henry County, Illinois, United States. The population was 2,589 at the 2010 census, down from 2,758 in 2000. History Cousins William L. Wiley (1820-1900) and James Wiley (1817-1886) founded Galva in 1854. The name Galva honors the Swedish immigrants of nearby Bishop Hill and refers to Gävle, Sweden which is the town's sister city. Today around 80% of the town has Scandinavian ancestry. Galva was a railroad town. Galva was laid out along the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad (Burlington Route) with the help of Bishop Hill trustees who invested heavily in Galva. This was the first of three rail lines to locate there. This group was formed in 1852 and ran a line from Aurora, Illinois to Galesburg, Illinois. A second branch of the Burlington Route later also came through. Later the Peoria and Rock Island Railroad (Rock Island Railroad) came through Galva. Geography According to the 2010 census, Galva has a total area of , all land. Climate	continue	General Knowledge	https://huggingface.co/datasets/wikimedia/wikipedia	Galva is a city in Henry County, Illinois, United States. The population was 2,589 at the 2010 census, down from 2,758 in 2000. History Cousins William L. Wiley (1820-1900) and James Wiley (1817-1886) founded Galva in 1854. The name Galva honors the Swedish immigrants of nearby Bishop Hill and refers to Gävle, Sweden which is the town's sister city. Today around 80% of the town has Scandinavian ancestry. Galva was a railroad town. Galva was laid out along the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad (Burlington Route) with the help of Bishop Hill trustees who invested heavily in Galva. This was the first of three rail lines to locate there. This group was formed in 1852 and ran a line from Aurora, Illinois to Galesburg, Illinois. A second branch of the Burlington Route later also came through. Later the Peoria and Rock Island Railroad (Rock Island Railroad) came through Galva. Geography According to the 2010 census, Galva has a total area of , all land. Climate
Continue the next paragraph in about 360-words of the given Wikipedia text on the topic 'KÅoda, Lublin Voivodeship': Kłoda is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kurów, within Puławy County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland.	continue	General Knowledge	https://huggingface.co/datasets/wikimedia/wikipedia	Kłoda is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kurów, within Puławy County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland.
Continue the next paragraph in about 360-words of the given Wikipedia text on the topic 'Helena, Marquette County, Michigan': Helena is an unincorporated community in Marquette County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The community is located within Turin Township. As an unincorporated community, Helena has no legally defined boundaries or population statistics of its own. History Helena was named for the wife of a railroad official.	continue	General Knowledge	https://huggingface.co/datasets/wikimedia/wikipedia	Helena is an unincorporated community in Marquette County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The community is located within Turin Township. As an unincorporated community, Helena has no legally defined boundaries or population statistics of its own. History Helena was named for the wife of a railroad official.
Continue the next paragraph in about 390-words of the given Wikipedia text on the topic 'Chalcophorella': Chalcophorella is a genus of beetles in the family Buprestidae, containing the following species: Chalcophorella bagdadensis (Laporte & Gory, 1836) Chalcophorella escalerae (Abeille de Perrin, 1904) Chalcophorella fabricii (Rossi, 1792) Chalcophorella morgani Thery, 1925 Chalcophorella orientalis (Obenberger, 1924) Chalcophorella quadrioculata (Redtenbacher, 1843) Chalcophorella stigmatica (Schonherr, 1817)	continue	General Knowledge	https://huggingface.co/datasets/wikimedia/wikipedia	Chalcophorella is a genus of beetles in the family Buprestidae, containing the following species: Chalcophorella bagdadensis (Laporte & Gory, 1836) Chalcophorella escalerae (Abeille de Perrin, 1904) Chalcophorella fabricii (Rossi, 1792) Chalcophorella morgani Thery, 1925 Chalcophorella orientalis (Obenberger, 1924) Chalcophorella quadrioculata (Redtenbacher, 1843) Chalcophorella stigmatica (Schonherr, 1817)
Continue the next paragraph in about 300-words of the given Wikipedia text on the topic 'List of federal judges appointed by George W. Bush': Following is a list of all Article III United States federal judges appointed by President George W. Bush during his presidency, including a partial list of Judges appointed under Article I. In total Bush appointed 327 Article III federal judges, including 2 Justices to the Supreme Court of the United States (including one Chief Justice), 62 judges to the United States Courts of Appeals, 261 judges to the United States district courts and 2 judges to the United States Court of International Trade. Additionally, he made appointments to various courts established under Article I and Article IV. United States Supreme Court justices Courts of appeals District courts	continue	General Knowledge	https://huggingface.co/datasets/wikimedia/wikipedia	Following is a list of all Article III United States federal judges appointed by President George W. Bush during his presidency, including a partial list of Judges appointed under Article I. In total Bush appointed 327 Article III federal judges, including 2 Justices to the Supreme Court of the United States (including one Chief Justice), 62 judges to the United States Courts of Appeals, 261 judges to the United States district courts and 2 judges to the United States Court of International Trade. Additionally, he made appointments to various courts established under Article I and Article IV. United States Supreme Court justices Courts of appeals District courts
Continue the next paragraph in about 330-words of the given Wikipedia text on the topic 'Sorry for the Delay': Sorry for the Delay is a limited-release EP by American indie rock band Grizzly Bear, released on April 9, 2006 on Audraglint. Described as "seven (early) songs of sad, lo-fi pop," the EP consists of material recorded by founding member Ed Droste. The track "Owner of a Lonely Heart" is a cover of the Yes song. Track listing All songs written by Ed Droste except where noted. "Sorry for the Delay" – 3:29 "Sure Thing" – 6:49 "A Leader Always Carries a Stick" – 4:10 "Particular to What?" – 4:38 "August March" – 3:15 "Owner of a Lonely Heart" (Trevor Rabin/Jon Anderson/Chris Squire/Trevor Horn) – 3:10 "Fragments" – 2:36 Personnel Ed Droste - vocals, acoustic guitar, electric guitar, keyboards, drums, percussion Christopher Bear - drums	continue	General Knowledge	https://huggingface.co/datasets/wikimedia/wikipedia	Sorry for the Delay is a limited-release EP by American indie rock band Grizzly Bear, released on April 9, 2006 on Audraglint. Described as "seven (early) songs of sad, lo-fi pop," the EP consists of material recorded by founding member Ed Droste. The track "Owner of a Lonely Heart" is a cover of the Yes song. Track listing All songs written by Ed Droste except where noted. "Sorry for the Delay" – 3:29 "Sure Thing" – 6:49 "A Leader Always Carries a Stick" – 4:10 "Particular to What?" – 4:38 "August March" – 3:15 "Owner of a Lonely Heart" (Trevor Rabin/Jon Anderson/Chris Squire/Trevor Horn) – 3:10 "Fragments" – 2:36 Personnel Ed Droste - vocals, acoustic guitar, electric guitar, keyboards, drums, percussion Christopher Bear - drums
Continue the next paragraph in about 340-words of the given Wikipedia text on the topic 'Sam Vanni': Sam Vanni (till 1941 Samuel Besprosvanni; 6 July 1908 – 20 October 1992) was a Finnish painter. He is considered to be the pioneer of abstract art in Finland. Samuel Besprosvanni was born in Vyborg. His parents were fur trader Aron Besprosvanni and Rakel Stoler. Besprosvanni was multi-lingual since his early childhood. Of Jewish origin, his home language was Yiddish, but he went to a Swedish school and most of his friends were speaking Finnish. The Besprosvanni family moved to Helsinki in 1921 and in 1927 Samuel started studies in the Academy of Fine Arts. Later he studied in the Accademia di Belle Arti in Florence and was a private student of the sculptor Wäinö Aaltonen. In 1931 his works were displayed in an annual Finnish Art Society exhibition. From 1938 to 1939 Vanni lived in London and Paris, where he attended the Académie Julian and Académie de la Grande Chaumière. In the 1940s Vanni started to move towards more abstract art. He was especially influenced by French artists like Henri Matisse and Pierre Bonnard. Sam Vanni was an active painter until his death in 1992. He was awarded by the Pro Finlandia and invited in the Academy of Finland in 1964.	continue	General Knowledge	https://huggingface.co/datasets/wikimedia/wikipedia	Sam Vanni (till 1941 Samuel Besprosvanni; 6 July 1908 – 20 October 1992) was a Finnish painter. He is considered to be the pioneer of abstract art in Finland. Samuel Besprosvanni was born in Vyborg. His parents were fur trader Aron Besprosvanni and Rakel Stoler. Besprosvanni was multi-lingual since his early childhood. Of Jewish origin, his home language was Yiddish, but he went to a Swedish school and most of his friends were speaking Finnish. The Besprosvanni family moved to Helsinki in 1921 and in 1927 Samuel started studies in the Academy of Fine Arts. Later he studied in the Accademia di Belle Arti in Florence and was a private student of the sculptor Wäinö Aaltonen. In 1931 his works were displayed in an annual Finnish Art Society exhibition. From 1938 to 1939 Vanni lived in London and Paris, where he attended the Académie Julian and Académie de la Grande Chaumière. In the 1940s Vanni started to move towards more abstract art. He was especially influenced by French artists like Henri Matisse and Pierre Bonnard. Sam Vanni was an active painter until his death in 1992. He was awarded by the Pro Finlandia and invited in the Academy of Finland in 1964.