text
stringlengths 310
8.3k
| input_ids
listlengths 1.02k
1.02k
| length
int64 1.02k
1.02k
| source_domain
stringclasses 7
values | writing_style_average
float64 -3.46
3.36
| required_expertise_average
float64 -3.74
4.36
| facts_and_trivia_average
float64 -3.78
3.96
| educational_value_average
float64 -3.85
3.97
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
/* AUTO-GENERATED FILE. DO NOT MODIFY.
*
* This class was automatically generated by the
* aapt tool from the resource data it found. It
* should not be modified by hand.
*/
package com.pranavpandey.smallapp;
public final class R {
public static final class attr {
/** <p>Must be a boolean value, either "<code>true</code>" or "<code>false</code>".
<p>This may also be a reference to a resource (in the form
"<code>@[<i>package</i>:]<i>type</i>:<i>name</i></code>") or
theme attribute (in the form
"<code>?[<i>package</i>:][<i>type</i>:]<i>name</i></code>")
containing a value of this type.
*/
public static int backgroundAware=0x7f010006;
/** <p>Must be a color value, in the form of "<code>#<i>rgb</i></code>", "<code>#<i>argb</i></code>",
"<code>#<i>rrggbb</i></code>", or "<code>#<i>aarrggbb</i></code>".
<p>This may also be a reference to a resource (in the form
"<code>@[<i>package</i>:]<i>type</i>:<i>name</i></code>") or
theme attribute (in the form
"<code>?[<i>package</i>:][<i>type</i>:]<i>name</i></code>")
containing a value of this type.
*/
public static int border_color=0x7f01001d;
/** <p>Must be a boolean value, either "<code>true</code>" or "<code>false</code>".
<p>This may also be a reference to a resource (in the form
"<code>@[<i>package</i>:]<i>type</i>:<i>name</i></code>") or
theme attribute (in the form
"<code>?[<i>package</i>:][<i>type</i>:]<i>name</i></code>")
containing a value of this type.
*/
public static int border_overlay=0x7f01001e;
/** <p>Must be a dimension value, which is a floating point number appended with a unit such as "<code>14.5sp</code>".
Available units are: px (pixels), dp (density-independent pixels), sp (scaled pixels based on preferred font size),
in (inches), mm (millimeters).
<p>This may also be a reference to a resource (in the form
"<code>@[<i>package</i>:]<i>type</i>:<i>name</i></code>") or
theme attribute (in the form
"<code>?[<i>package</i>:][<i>type</i>:]<i>name</i></code>")
containing a value of this type.
*/
public static int border_width=0x7f01001c;
/** <p>Must be an integer value, such as "<code>100</code>".
<p>This may also be a reference to a resource (in the form
"<code>@[<i>package</i>:]<i>type</i>:<i>name</i></code>") or
theme attribute (in the form
"<code>?[<i>package</i>:][<i>type</i>:]<i>name</i></code>")
containing a value of this type.
*/
public static int colorAlpha=0x7f010005;
/** <p>Must be one of the following constant values.</p>
<table>
<colgroup align="left" />
<colgroup align="left" />
<colgroup align="left" />
<tr><th>Constant</th><th>Value</th><th>Description</th></tr>
<tr><td><code>
|
[
4949,
26524,
29949,
29899,
24647,
1001,
3040,
29928,
24080,
29889,
29871,
11662,
6058,
16999,
4571,
29943,
29979,
29889,
13,
334,
13,
334,
910,
770,
471,
6336,
5759,
491,
278,
13,
334,
263,
2156,
5780,
515,
278,
6503,
848,
372,
1476,
29889,
29871,
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334,
881,
451,
367,
9120,
491,
1361,
29889,
13,
3776,
13,
13,
5113,
419,
29889,
558,
273,
485,
29886,
4182,
29891,
29889,
3844,
9864,
407,
29936,
13,
13,
3597,
2186,
770,
390,
426,
13,
1678,
970,
2294,
2186,
770,
12421,
426,
13,
4706,
7762,
529,
29886,
29958,
29924,
504,
367,
263,
7223,
995,
29892,
2845,
9872,
401,
29958,
3009,
829,
401,
11903,
470,
9872,
401,
29958,
4541,
829,
401,
29958,
1642,
13,
29966,
29886,
29958,
4013,
1122,
884,
367,
263,
3407,
304,
263,
6503,
313,
262,
278,
883,
13,
29908,
29966,
401,
29958,
29992,
29961,
29966,
29875,
29958,
5113,
829,
29875,
29958,
17531,
29966,
29875,
29958,
1853,
829,
29875,
23917,
29966,
29875,
29958,
978,
829,
29875,
2565,
401,
29958,
1159,
470,
13,
18193,
5352,
313,
262,
278,
883,
13,
29908,
29966,
401,
29958,
29973,
29961,
29966,
29875,
29958,
5113,
829,
29875,
23917,
3816,
29966,
29875,
29958,
1853,
829,
29875,
29958,
17531,
29966,
29875,
29958,
978,
829,
29875,
2565,
401,
29958,
1159,
13,
1285,
17225,
263,
995,
310,
445,
1134,
29889,
13,
308,
3776,
13,
4706,
970,
2294,
938,
3239,
29909,
2519,
29922,
29900,
29916,
29955,
29888,
29900,
29896,
29900,
29900,
29900,
29953,
29936,
13,
4706,
7762,
529,
29886,
29958,
29924,
504,
367,
263,
2927,
995,
29892,
297,
278,
883,
310,
9872,
401,
29958,
29937,
29966,
29875,
29958,
23973,
829,
29875,
2565,
401,
28341,
9872,
401,
29958,
29937,
29966,
29875,
29958,
1191,
29890,
829,
29875,
2565,
401,
28341,
13,
29908,
29966,
401,
29958,
29937,
29966,
29875,
29958,
21478,
1505,
1327,
829,
29875,
2565,
401,
28341,
470,
9872,
401,
29958,
29937,
29966,
29875,
29958,
29874,
2749,
1505,
1327,
829,
29875,
2565,
401,
29958,
1642,
13,
29966,
29886,
29958,
4013,
1122,
884,
367,
263,
3407,
304,
263,
6503,
313,
262,
278,
883,
13,
29908,
29966,
401,
29958,
29992,
29961,
29966,
29875,
29958,
5113,
829,
29875,
29958,
17531,
29966,
29875,
29958,
1853,
829,
29875,
23917,
29966,
29875,
29958,
978,
829,
29875,
2565,
401,
29958,
1159,
470,
13,
18193,
5352,
313,
262,
278,
883,
13,
29908,
29966,
401,
29958,
29973,
29961,
29966,
29875,
29958,
5113,
829,
29875,
23917,
3816,
29966,
29875,
29958,
1853,
829,
29875,
29958,
17531,
29966,
29875,
29958,
978,
829,
29875,
2565,
401,
29958,
1159,
13,
1285,
17225,
263,
995,
310,
445,
1134,
29889,
13,
308,
3776,
13,
4706,
970,
2294,
938,
5139,
29918,
2780,
29922,
29900,
29916,
29955,
29888,
29900,
29896,
29900,
29900,
29896,
29881,
29936,
13,
4706,
7762,
529,
29886,
29958,
29924,
504,
367,
263,
7223,
995,
29892,
2845,
9872,
401,
29958,
3009,
829,
401,
11903,
470,
9872,
401,
29958,
4541,
829,
401,
29958,
1642,
13,
29966,
29886,
29958,
4013,
1122,
884,
367,
263,
3407,
304,
263,
6503,
313,
262,
278,
883,
13,
29908,
29966,
401,
29958,
29992,
29961,
29966,
29875,
29958,
5113,
829,
29875,
29958,
17531,
29966,
29875,
29958,
1853,
829,
29875,
23917,
29966,
29875,
29958,
978,
829,
29875,
2565,
401,
29958,
1159,
470,
13,
18193,
5352,
313,
262,
278,
883,
13,
29908,
29966,
401,
29958,
29973,
29961,
29966,
29875,
29958,
5113,
829,
29875,
23917,
3816,
29966,
29875,
29958,
1853,
829,
29875,
29958,
17531,
29966,
29875,
29958,
978,
829,
29875,
2565,
401,
29958,
1159,
13,
1285,
17225,
263,
995,
310,
445,
1134,
29889,
13,
308,
3776,
13,
4706,
970,
2294,
938,
5139,
29918,
957,
8387,
29922,
29900,
29916,
29955,
29888,
29900,
29896,
29900,
29900,
29896,
29872,
29936,
13,
4706,
7762,
529,
29886,
29958,
29924,
504,
367,
263,
9927,
995,
29892,
607,
338,
263,
16526,
1298,
1353,
623,
2760,
411,
263,
5190,
1316,
408,
9872,
401,
29958,
29896,
29946,
29889,
29945,
1028,
829,
401,
29958,
1642,
13,
27635,
10340,
526,
29901,
282,
29916,
313,
29886,
861,
1379,
511,
270,
29886,
313,
21518,
537,
29899,
262,
18980,
17036,
511,
805,
313,
7052,
29881,
17036,
2729,
373,
16389,
4079,
2159,
511,
13,
262,
313,
262,
6609,
511,
5654,
313,
19958,
326,
2699,
467,
13,
29966,
29886,
29958,
4013,
1122,
884,
367,
263,
3407,
304,
263,
6503,
313,
262,
278,
883,
13,
29908,
29966,
401,
29958,
29992,
29961,
29966,
29875,
29958,
5113,
829,
29875,
29958,
17531,
29966,
29875,
29958,
1853,
829,
29875,
23917,
29966,
29875,
29958,
978,
829,
29875,
2565,
401,
29958,
1159,
470,
13,
18193,
5352,
313,
262,
278,
883,
13,
29908,
29966,
401,
29958,
29973,
29961,
29966,
29875,
29958,
5113,
829,
29875,
23917,
3816,
29966,
29875,
29958,
1853,
829,
29875,
29958,
17531,
29966,
29875,
29958,
978,
829,
29875,
2565,
401,
29958,
1159,
13,
1285,
17225,
263,
995,
310,
445,
1134,
29889,
13,
308,
3776,
13,
4706,
970,
2294,
938,
5139,
29918,
2103,
29922,
29900,
29916,
29955,
29888,
29900,
29896,
29900,
29900,
29896,
29883,
29936,
13,
4706,
7762,
529,
29886,
29958,
29924,
504,
367,
385,
6043,
995,
29892,
1316,
408,
9872,
401,
29958,
29896,
29900,
29900,
829,
401,
29958,
1642,
13,
29966,
29886,
29958,
4013,
1122,
884,
367,
263,
3407,
304,
263,
6503,
313,
262,
278,
883,
13,
29908,
29966,
401,
29958,
29992,
29961,
29966,
29875,
29958,
5113,
829,
29875,
29958,
17531,
29966,
29875,
29958,
1853,
829,
29875,
23917,
29966,
29875,
29958,
978,
829,
29875,
2565,
401,
29958,
1159,
470,
13,
18193,
5352,
313,
262,
278,
883,
13,
29908,
29966,
401,
29958,
29973,
29961,
29966,
29875,
29958,
5113,
829,
29875,
23917,
3816,
29966,
29875,
29958,
1853,
829,
29875,
29958,
17531,
29966,
29875,
29958,
978,
829,
29875,
2565,
401,
29958,
1159,
13,
1285,
17225,
263,
995,
310,
445,
1134,
29889,
13,
308,
3776,
13,
4706,
970,
2294,
938,
2927,
28630,
29922,
29900,
29916,
29955,
29888,
29900,
29896,
29900,
29900,
29900,
29945,
29936,
13,
4706,
7762,
529,
29886,
29958,
29924,
504,
367,
697,
310,
278,
1494,
4868,
1819,
21106,
29886,
29958,
13,
29966,
2371,
29958,
13,
29966,
1054,
2972,
7595,
543,
1563,
29908,
2900,
13,
29966,
1054,
2972,
7595,
543,
1563,
29908,
2900,
13,
29966,
1054,
2972,
7595,
543,
1563,
29908,
2900,
13,
29966,
509,
5299,
386,
29958,
12075,
424,
829,
386,
5299,
386,
29958,
1917,
829,
386,
5299,
386,
29958,
9868,
829,
386,
2565,
509,
29958,
13,
29966,
509,
5299,
1594,
5299,
401,
29958
] | 1,024 |
Github
| -1.811526 | -0.490244 | -1.684615 | -1.456126 |
none</code></td><td>0</td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td><code>primary</code></td><td>1</td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td><code>primary_dark</code></td><td>2</td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td><code>accent</code></td><td>3</td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td><code>accent_dark</code></td><td>4</td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td><code>tint_primary</code></td><td>5</td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td><code>tint_primary_dark</code></td><td>6</td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td><code>tint_accent</code></td><td>7</td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td><code>tint_accent_dark</code></td><td>8</td><td></td></tr>
</table>
*/
public static int colorType=0x7f010004;
/** <p>Must be a color value, in the form of "<code>#<i>rgb</i></code>", "<code>#<i>argb</i></code>",
"<code>#<i>rrggbb</i></code>", or "<code>#<i>aarrggbb</i></code>".
<p>This may also be a reference to a resource (in the form
"<code>@[<i>package</i>:]<i>type</i>:<i>name</i></code>") or
theme attribute (in the form
"<code>?[<i>package</i>:][<i>type</i>:]<i>name</i></code>")
containing a value of this type.
*/
public static int contrastWith=0x7f010007;
/** <p>Must be a reference to another resource, in the form "<code>@[+][<i>package</i>:]<i>type</i>:<i>name</i></code>"
or to a theme attribute in the form "<code>?[<i>package</i>:][<i>type</i>:]<i>name</i></code>".
*/
public static int emptViewImage=0x7f010009;
/** <p>Must be a reference to another resource, in the form "<code>@[+][<i>package</i>:]<i>type</i>:<i>name</i></code>"
or to a theme attribute in the form "<code>?[<i>package</i>:][<i>type</i>:]<i>name</i></code>".
*/
public static int emptyViewText=0x7f010008;
/** <p>Must be a color value, in the form of "<code>#<i>rgb</i></code>", "<code>#<i>argb</i></code>",
"<code>#<i>rrggbb</i></code>", or "<code>#<i>aarrggbb</i></code>".
<p>This may also be a reference to a resource (in the form
"<code>@[<i>package</i>:]<i>type</i>:<i>name</i></code>") or
theme attribute (in the form
"<code>?[<i>package</i>:][<i>type</i>:]<i>name</i></code>")
containing a value of this type.
*/
public static int pstsDividerColor=0x7f01000c;
/** <p>Must be a dimension value, which is a floating point number appended with a unit such as "<code>14.5sp</code>".
Available units are: px (pixels), dp (density-independent pixels), sp (scaled pixels based on preferred font size),
in (inches), mm (millimeters).
<p>This may also be a reference to a resource (in the form
"<code>@[<i>package</i>:]<i>type
|
[
9290,
829,
401,
2565,
1594,
5299,
1594,
29958,
29900,
829,
1594,
5299,
1594,
2565,
1594,
2565,
509,
29958,
13,
29966,
509,
5299,
1594,
5299,
401,
29958,
16072,
829,
401,
2565,
1594,
5299,
1594,
29958,
29896,
829,
1594,
5299,
1594,
2565,
1594,
2565,
509,
29958,
13,
29966,
509,
5299,
1594,
5299,
401,
29958,
16072,
29918,
26031,
829,
401,
2565,
1594,
5299,
1594,
29958,
29906,
829,
1594,
5299,
1594,
2565,
1594,
2565,
509,
29958,
13,
29966,
509,
5299,
1594,
5299,
401,
29958,
562,
1760,
829,
401,
2565,
1594,
5299,
1594,
29958,
29941,
829,
1594,
5299,
1594,
2565,
1594,
2565,
509,
29958,
13,
29966,
509,
5299,
1594,
5299,
401,
29958,
562,
1760,
29918,
26031,
829,
401,
2565,
1594,
5299,
1594,
29958,
29946,
829,
1594,
5299,
1594,
2565,
1594,
2565,
509,
29958,
13,
29966,
509,
5299,
1594,
5299,
401,
29958,
29873,
524,
29918,
16072,
829,
401,
2565,
1594,
5299,
1594,
29958,
29945,
829,
1594,
5299,
1594,
2565,
1594,
2565,
509,
29958,
13,
29966,
509,
5299,
1594,
5299,
401,
29958,
29873,
524,
29918,
16072,
29918,
26031,
829,
401,
2565,
1594,
5299,
1594,
29958,
29953,
829,
1594,
5299,
1594,
2565,
1594,
2565,
509,
29958,
13,
29966,
509,
5299,
1594,
5299,
401,
29958,
29873,
524,
29918,
562,
1760,
829,
401,
2565,
1594,
5299,
1594,
29958,
29955,
829,
1594,
5299,
1594,
2565,
1594,
2565,
509,
29958,
13,
29966,
509,
5299,
1594,
5299,
401,
29958,
29873,
524,
29918,
562,
1760,
29918,
26031,
829,
401,
2565,
1594,
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Github
| -1.969116 | -0.507439 | -1.602127 | -1.51431 |
</i>:<i>name</i></code>") or
theme attribute (in the form
"<code>?[<i>package</i>:][<i>type</i>:]<i>name</i></code>")
containing a value of this type.
*/
public static int pstsDividerPadding=0x7f010010;
/** <p>Must be a dimension value, which is a floating point number appended with a unit such as "<code>14.5sp</code>".
Available units are: px (pixels), dp (density-independent pixels), sp (scaled pixels based on preferred font size),
in (inches), mm (millimeters).
<p>This may also be a reference to a resource (in the form
"<code>@[<i>package</i>:]<i>type</i>:<i>name</i></code>") or
theme attribute (in the form
"<code>?[<i>package</i>:][<i>type</i>:]<i>name</i></code>")
containing a value of this type.
*/
public static int pstsDividerWidth=0x7f01000d;
/** <p>Must be a color value, in the form of "<code>#<i>rgb</i></code>", "<code>#<i>argb</i></code>",
"<code>#<i>rrggbb</i></code>", or "<code>#<i>aarrggbb</i></code>".
<p>This may also be a reference to a resource (in the form
"<code>@[<i>package</i>:]<i>type</i>:<i>name</i></code>") or
theme attribute (in the form
"<code>?[<i>package</i>:][<i>type</i>:]<i>name</i></code>")
containing a value of this type.
*/
public static int pstsIndicatorColor=0x7f01000a;
/** <p>Must be a dimension value, which is a floating point number appended with a unit such as "<code>14.5sp</code>".
Available units are: px (pixels), dp (density-independent pixels), sp (scaled pixels based on preferred font size),
in (inches), mm (millimeters).
<p>This may also be a reference to a resource (in the form
"<code>@[<i>package</i>:]<i>type</i>:<i>name</i></code>") or
theme attribute (in the form
"<code>?[<i>package</i>:][<i>type</i>:]<i>name</i></code>")
containing a value of this type.
*/
public static int pstsIndicatorHeight=0x7f01000e;
/** <p>Must be a boolean value, either "<code>true</code>" or "<code>false</code>".
<p>This may also be a reference to a resource (in the form
"<code>@[<i>package</i>:]<i>type</i>:<i>name</i></code>") or
theme attribute (in the form
"<code>?[<i>package</i>:][<i>type</i>:]<i>name</i></code>")
containing a value of this type.
*/
public static int pstsPaddingMiddle=0x7f010016;
/** <p>Must be a dimension value, which is a floating point number appended with a unit such as "<code>14.5sp</code>".
Available units are: px (pixels), dp (density-independent pixels), sp (scaled pixels based on preferred font size),
in (inches), mm (millimeters).
<p>This may also be a reference to a resource (in the form
"<code>@[<i>package</i>:]<i>type</i>:<i>name</i></code>") or
theme attribute (in the form
"<code>?[<i>package</i>:][<i>type</i
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5113,
829,
29875,
23917,
3816,
29966,
29875,
29958,
1853,
829,
29875
] | 1,024 |
Github
| -1.713712 | -0.362736 | -1.444324 | -1.270189 |
>:]<i>name</i></code>")
containing a value of this type.
*/
public static int pstsScrollOffset=0x7f010012;
/** <p>Must be a boolean value, either "<code>true</code>" or "<code>false</code>".
<p>This may also be a reference to a resource (in the form
"<code>@[<i>package</i>:]<i>type</i>:<i>name</i></code>") or
theme attribute (in the form
"<code>?[<i>package</i>:][<i>type</i>:]<i>name</i></code>")
containing a value of this type.
*/
public static int pstsShouldExpand=0x7f010014;
/** <p>Must be a dimension value, which is a floating point number appended with a unit such as "<code>14.5sp</code>".
Available units are: px (pixels), dp (density-independent pixels), sp (scaled pixels based on preferred font size),
in (inches), mm (millimeters).
<p>This may also be a reference to a resource (in the form
"<code>@[<i>package</i>:]<i>type</i>:<i>name</i></code>") or
theme attribute (in the form
"<code>?[<i>package</i>:][<i>type</i>:]<i>name</i></code>")
containing a value of this type.
*/
public static int pstsStartScrollOffset=0x7f010017;
/** <p>Must be a reference to another resource, in the form "<code>@[+][<i>package</i>:]<i>type</i>:<i>name</i></code>"
or to a theme attribute in the form "<code>?[<i>package</i>:][<i>type</i>:]<i>name</i></code>".
*/
public static int pstsTabBackground=0x7f010013;
/** <p>Must be a dimension value, which is a floating point number appended with a unit such as "<code>14.5sp</code>".
Available units are: px (pixels), dp (density-independent pixels), sp (scaled pixels based on preferred font size),
in (inches), mm (millimeters).
<p>This may also be a reference to a resource (in the form
"<code>@[<i>package</i>:]<i>type</i>:<i>name</i></code>") or
theme attribute (in the form
"<code>?[<i>package</i>:][<i>type</i>:]<i>name</i></code>")
containing a value of this type.
*/
public static int pstsTabPaddingLeftRight=0x7f010011;
/** <p>Must be a boolean value, either "<code>true</code>" or "<code>false</code>".
<p>This may also be a reference to a resource (in the form
"<code>@[<i>package</i>:]<i>type</i>:<i>name</i></code>") or
theme attribute (in the form
"<code>?[<i>package</i>:][<i>type</i>:]<i>name</i></code>")
containing a value of this type.
*/
public static int pstsTextAllCaps=0x7f010015;
/** <p>Must be a floating point value, such as "<code>1.2</code>".
<p>This may also be a reference to a resource (in the form
"<code>@[<i>package</i>:]<i>type</i>:<i>name</i></code>") or
theme attribute (in the form
"<code>?[<i>package</i>:][<i>type</i>:]<i>name</i></code>")
containing a value of this type.
*/
public static int psts
|
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310,
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29889,
13,
308,
3776,
13,
4706,
970,
2294,
938,
282,
303,
29879
] | 1,024 |
Github
| -1.936511 | -0.399723 | -1.655924 | -1.308135 |
TextAlpha=0x7f01001a;
/** <p>Must be a floating point value, such as "<code>1.2</code>".
<p>This may also be a reference to a resource (in the form
"<code>@[<i>package</i>:]<i>type</i>:<i>name</i></code>") or
theme attribute (in the form
"<code>?[<i>package</i>:][<i>type</i>:]<i>name</i></code>")
containing a value of this type.
*/
public static int pstsTextSelectedAlpha=0x7f01001b;
/** <p>Must be one or more (separated by '|') of the following constant values.</p>
<table>
<colgroup align="left" />
<colgroup align="left" />
<colgroup align="left" />
<tr><th>Constant</th><th>Value</th><th>Description</th></tr>
<tr><td><code>normal</code></td><td>0x0</td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td><code>bold</code></td><td>0x1</td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td><code>italic</code></td><td>0x2</td><td></td></tr>
</table>
*/
public static int pstsTextSelectedStyle=0x7f010019;
/** <p>Must be one or more (separated by '|') of the following constant values.</p>
<table>
<colgroup align="left" />
<colgroup align="left" />
<colgroup align="left" />
<tr><th>Constant</th><th>Value</th><th>Description</th></tr>
<tr><td><code>normal</code></td><td>0x0</td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td><code>bold</code></td><td>0x1</td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td><code>italic</code></td><td>0x2</td><td></td></tr>
</table>
*/
public static int pstsTextStyle=0x7f010018;
/** <p>Must be a color value, in the form of "<code>#<i>rgb</i></code>", "<code>#<i>argb</i></code>",
"<code>#<i>rrggbb</i></code>", or "<code>#<i>aarrggbb</i></code>".
<p>This may also be a reference to a resource (in the form
"<code>@[<i>package</i>:]<i>type</i>:<i>name</i></code>") or
theme attribute (in the form
"<code>?[<i>package</i>:][<i>type</i>:]<i>name</i></code>")
containing a value of this type.
*/
public static int pstsUnderlineColor=0x7f01000b;
/** <p>Must be a dimension value, which is a floating point number appended with a unit such as "<code>14.5sp</code>".
Available units are: px (pixels), dp (density-independent pixels), sp (scaled pixels based on preferred font size),
in (inches), mm (millimeters).
<p>This may also be a reference to a resource (in the form
"<code>@[<i>package</i>:]<i>type</i>:<i>name</i></code>") or
theme attribute (in the form
"<code>?[<i>package</i>:][<i>type</i>:]<i>name</i></code>")
containing a value of this type.
*/
public static int pstsUnderlineHeight=0x7f01000f;
/** <p>Must be a color value, in the form of "<code>#<i>rgb</i></code>", "<code>#<i>argb</i></code>",
"<code>#<i
|
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] | 1,024 |
Github
| -1.898472 | -0.623916 | -1.641578 | -1.453596 |
>rrggbb</i></code>", or "<code>#<i>aarrggbb</i></code>".
<p>This may also be a reference to a resource (in the form
"<code>@[<i>package</i>:]<i>type</i>:<i>name</i></code>") or
theme attribute (in the form
"<code>?[<i>package</i>:][<i>type</i>:]<i>name</i></code>")
containing a value of this type.
*/
public static int sasDefaultColorAccent=0x7f010001;
/** <p>Must be a color value, in the form of "<code>#<i>rgb</i></code>", "<code>#<i>argb</i></code>",
"<code>#<i>rrggbb</i></code>", or "<code>#<i>aarrggbb</i></code>".
<p>This may also be a reference to a resource (in the form
"<code>@[<i>package</i>:]<i>type</i>:<i>name</i></code>") or
theme attribute (in the form
"<code>?[<i>package</i>:][<i>type</i>:]<i>name</i></code>")
containing a value of this type.
*/
public static int sasDefaultColorAccentDark=0x7f010003;
/** <p>Must be a color value, in the form of "<code>#<i>rgb</i></code>", "<code>#<i>argb</i></code>",
"<code>#<i>rrggbb</i></code>", or "<code>#<i>aarrggbb</i></code>".
<p>This may also be a reference to a resource (in the form
"<code>@[<i>package</i>:]<i>type</i>:<i>name</i></code>") or
theme attribute (in the form
"<code>?[<i>package</i>:][<i>type</i>:]<i>name</i></code>")
containing a value of this type.
*/
public static int sasDefaultColorPrimary=0x7f010000;
/** <p>Must be a color value, in the form of "<code>#<i>rgb</i></code>", "<code>#<i>argb</i></code>",
"<code>#<i>rrggbb</i></code>", or "<code>#<i>aarrggbb</i></code>".
<p>This may also be a reference to a resource (in the form
"<code>@[<i>package</i>:]<i>type</i>:<i>name</i></code>") or
theme attribute (in the form
"<code>?[<i>package</i>:][<i>type</i>:]<i>name</i></code>")
containing a value of this type.
*/
public static int sasDefaultColorPrimaryDark=0x7f010002;
}
public static final class color {
public static int sas_background_tab_pressed=0x7f040000;
public static int sas_default_color_accent=0x7f040004;
public static int sas_default_color_accent_dark=0x7f040006;
public static int sas_default_color_contrast_with=0x7f040007;
public static int sas_default_color_primary=0x7f040003;
public static int sas_default_color_primary_dark=0x7f040005;
public static int sas_edittext=0x7f040001;
public static int sas_edittext_hint=0x7f040002;
}
public static final class dimen {
public static int sas_dialog_action_text_size=0x7f050027;
|
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Github
| -2.023457 | -0.636082 | -1.767104 | -1.833059 |
public static int sas_dialog_edittext_min_height=0x7f050032;
public static int sas_dialog_extra_info_text_size=0x7f050028;
public static int sas_dialog_icon_size=0x7f050025;
public static int sas_dialog_list_margin_end=0x7f05002a;
public static int sas_dialog_list_margin_end_small=0x7f05002b;
public static int sas_dialog_list_margin_start=0x7f050029;
public static int sas_dialog_margin_bottom=0x7f05002f;
public static int sas_dialog_margin_end=0x7f05002d;
public static int sas_dialog_margin_start=0x7f05002c;
public static int sas_dialog_margin_top=0x7f05002e;
/** Dialog
*/
public static int sas_dialog_margin_top_material=0x7f050031;
public static int sas_dialog_margin_top_pre_material=0x7f050030;
/** Dialog
*/
public static int sas_dialog_min_height=0x7f050024;
public static int sas_dialog_settings_margin=0x7f050033;
public static int sas_dialog_settings_margin_small=0x7f050034;
public static int sas_dialog_text_size=0x7f050026;
/** Empty View
*/
public static int sas_empty_image_size=0x7f050038;
public static int sas_empty_text_size=0x7f050039;
/** FAB
*/
public static int sas_fab_margin=0x7f050037;
public static int sas_fab_padding=0x7f050036;
/** FAB
*/
public static int sas_fab_size=0x7f050035;
/** Footer
Footer
*/
public static int sas_footer_margin=0x7f05003a;
public static int sas_general_medium_font_fading_width=0x7f050003;
public static int sas_general_small_font_fading_width=0x7f050004;
public static int sas_grid_icon_height=0x7f05001b;
public static int sas_grid_icon_width=0x7f05001a;
public static int sas_grid_margin_bottom=0x7f05001d;
public static int sas_grid_margin_end=0x7f05001f;
public static int sas_grid_margin_start=0x7f05001e;
public static int sas_grid_margin_top=0x7f05001c;
/** Grid
*/
public static int sas_grid_min_width=0x7f050019;
public static int sas_hint_margin_left_right=0x7f050001;
public static int sas_hint_margin_top_bottom=0x7f050002;
public static int sas_list_avatar_divider_margin_start=0x7f050015;
public static int sas_list_avatar_height=0x7f050010;
public static int sas_list_avatar_height_medium=0x7f050017;
public static int sas_list_avatar_
|
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485,
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13,
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] | 1,024 |
Github
| -2.099535 | -1.385391 | -2.158026 | -2.33648 |
height_small=0x7f050020;
public static int sas_list_avatar_margin_top=0x7f050012;
public static int sas_list_avatar_text_margin_start=0x7f050013;
public static int sas_list_avatar_text_margin_start_small=0x7f050016;
public static int sas_list_avatar_width=0x7f050011;
public static int sas_list_avatar_width_medium=0x7f050018;
public static int sas_list_avatar_width_small=0x7f050021;
public static int sas_list_margin_bottom=0x7f05000f;
public static int sas_list_margin_end=0x7f05000d;
public static int sas_list_margin_start=0x7f05000c;
public static int sas_list_margin_top=0x7f05000e;
/** List
*/
public static int sas_list_min_height=0x7f05000b;
public static int sas_list_subtitle_margin_top=0x7f050014;
/** Main
*/
public static int sas_main_margin=0x7f050000;
/** Settings
*/
public static int sas_settings_heading_text_size=0x7f050022;
public static int sas_settings_subheading_text_size=0x7f050023;
public static int sas_tab_indicator_height=0x7f050005;
public static int sas_text_size_extra_large=0x7f05000a;
public static int sas_text_size_extra_small=0x7f050006;
public static int sas_text_size_large=0x7f050009;
public static int sas_text_size_medium=0x7f050008;
public static int sas_text_size_small=0x7f050007;
}
public static final class drawable {
public static int sas_btn_clear=0x7f020000;
public static int sas_btn_close_normal=0x7f020001;
public static int sas_btn_close_normal_light=0x7f020002;
public static int sas_btn_close_pressed=0x7f020003;
public static int sas_edittext_background=0x7f020004;
public static int sas_edittext_background_disabled=0x7f020005;
public static int sas_edittext_background_normal=0x7f020006;
public static int sas_ic_action_link=0x7f020007;
public static int sas_ic_action_open=0x7f020008;
public static int sas_ic_action_search=0x7f020009;
public static int sas_ic_dialog_error=0x7f02000a;
public static int sas_ic_keep_awake=0x7f02000b;
public static int sas_ic_menu_about=0x7f02000c;
public static int sas_ic_menu_buy=0x7f02000d;
public static int sas_ic_menu_more=0x7f02000e;
public static int sas_ic_menu_rate=0x7f02000f;
public static int sas
|
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29918,
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29922,
29900,
29916,
29955,
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938,
269,
294
] | 1,024 |
Github
| -2.240822 | -1.70205 | -2.323003 | -2.518622 |
_ic_menu_settings=0x7f020010;
public static int sas_ic_select_storage=0x7f020011;
public static int sas_tab_indicator=0x7f020012;
}
public static final class id {
public static int accent=0x7f090000;
public static int accent_dark=0x7f090001;
public static int action_grid=0x7f09000d;
public static int action_grid_scroll=0x7f09000c;
public static int action_icon=0x7f090022;
public static int action_list=0x7f09000f;
public static int action_list_frame=0x7f09000e;
public static int action_list_layout=0x7f090021;
public static int action_title=0x7f090023;
public static int bold=0x7f090009;
public static int btn_clear_text=0x7f090020;
public static int check_button=0x7f090011;
public static int check_layout=0x7f090010;
public static int check_text=0x7f090012;
public static int divider_horizontal=0x7f090024;
public static int edit_search=0x7f09001e;
public static int extra_info_desc=0x7f090015;
public static int extra_info_icon=0x7f090014;
public static int extra_info_layout=0x7f090013;
public static int frame_container=0x7f090025;
public static int frame_search=0x7f09001d;
public static int italic=0x7f09000a;
public static int none=0x7f090002;
public static int normal=0x7f09000b;
public static int perm_info_desc=0x7f090018;
public static int perm_info_icon=0x7f090017;
public static int perm_info_layout=0x7f090016;
public static int permission_frame=0x7f09001a;
public static int permission_message=0x7f090019;
public static int primary=0x7f090003;
public static int primary_dark=0x7f090004;
public static int tab_title=0x7f090026;
public static int tint_accent=0x7f090005;
public static int tint_accent_dark=0x7f090006;
public static int tint_primary=0x7f090007;
public static int tint_primary_dark=0x7f090008;
public static int txt_no_results=0x7f09001f;
public static int view_clear_defaults=0x7f09001c;
public static int warning_message=0x7f09001b;
}
public static final class integer {
public static int sas_action_item_max_lines=0x7f060002;
public static int sas_empty_view_alpha=0x7f060004;
public static int sas_extra_info_max_lines=0x7f060001;
public static int sas_grid_max_lines=0x7f060000;
public static int sas_settings_heading_max_lines=0x7f060
|
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] | 1,024 |
Github
| -2.15931 | -1.442493 | -2.046847 | -2.33648 |
003;
}
public static final class layout {
public static int sas_dialog_action_grid=0x7f030000;
public static int sas_dialog_action_list=0x7f030001;
public static int sas_dialog_check_grid=0x7f030002;
public static int sas_dialog_check_list=0x7f030003;
public static int sas_dialog_extra_info=0x7f030004;
public static int sas_dialog_extra_info_grid=0x7f030005;
public static int sas_dialog_extra_info_list=0x7f030006;
public static int sas_dialog_perm_info=0x7f030007;
public static int sas_dialog_permission=0x7f030008;
public static int sas_dialog_warning_info=0x7f030009;
public static int sas_include_clear_defaults=0x7f03000a;
public static int sas_include_search=0x7f03000b;
public static int sas_item_grid_action=0x7f03000c;
public static int sas_list_avatar_divider_horizontal=0x7f03000d;
public static int sas_list_divider_horizontal=0x7f03000e;
public static int sas_main=0x7f03000f;
public static int sas_row_list_action=0x7f030010;
public static int sas_tabs=0x7f030011;
public static int sas_text_divider_vertical=0x7f030012;
}
public static final class string {
public static int sas_about=0x7f070008;
public static int sas_always_use=0x7f070010;
public static int sas_app_info=0x7f070015;
public static int sas_app_name=0x7f070000;
public static int sas_app_not_found=0x7f07001c;
public static int sas_buy=0x7f070007;
public static int sas_clear_defaults=0x7f070019;
public static int sas_clear_defaults_desc=0x7f07001a;
public static int sas_clear_defaults_reset=0x7f07001b;
public static int sas_contentDescription_app=0x7f070028;
public static int sas_contentDescription_facebook=0x7f07002a;
public static int sas_contentDescription_github=0x7f07002e;
public static int sas_contentDescription_google=0x7f07002c;
public static int sas_contentDescription_linkedin=0x7f07002d;
public static int sas_contentDescription_playstore=0x7f070029;
public static int sas_contentDescription_twitter=0x7f07002b;
public static int sas_copy_clipboard=0x7f070011;
public static int sas_developed_by=0x7f070016;
public static int sas_error=0x7f07000e;
public static int sas_error_no_apps=0x7f07000f;
public static int sas_extension_desc=0x7f070002;
public static int sas_format_blank_space=0x7f07001
|
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] | 1,024 |
Github
| -2.469055 | -1.582654 | -2.172372 | -2.473087 |
2;
public static int sas_format_next_line=0x7f070014;
public static int sas_format_separator=0x7f070013;
public static int sas_keep_awake=0x7f07000a;
public static int sas_made_in=0x7f070017;
public static int sas_me=0x7f070001;
public static int sas_more_apps=0x7f070018;
public static int sas_open=0x7f07000d;
public static int sas_options=0x7f070009;
public static int sas_perm_continue=0x7f070027;
public static int sas_perm_request=0x7f070026;
public static int sas_perm_request_desc=0x7f07001d;
public static int sas_perm_request_info=0x7f07001e;
public static int sas_perm_write_system_settings=0x7f070020;
public static int sas_perm_write_system_settings_desc=0x7f070021;
public static int sas_perm_write_system_settings_info=0x7f07001f;
public static int sas_rate=0x7f070006;
public static int sas_reset=0x7f07000b;
public static int sas_select_external_storage=0x7f070024;
public static int sas_select_external_storage_desc=0x7f070025;
public static int sas_select_external_storage_request_desc=0x7f070022;
public static int sas_select_external_storage_request_info=0x7f070023;
public static int sas_settings=0x7f070005;
public static int sas_share=0x7f07000c;
public static int sas_version=0x7f070004;
public static int sas_welcome_text=0x7f070003;
}
public static final class style {
public static int AboutLinkImage=0x7f080015;
/**
Base application theme, dependent on API level. This theme is replaced
by AppBaseTheme from res/values-vXX/styles.xml on newer devices.
Theme customizations available in newer API levels can go in
res/values-vXX/styles.xml, while customizations related to
backward-compatibility can go here.
*/
public static int AppBaseTheme=0x7f080000;
public static int AppTheme_Transparent=0x7f080002;
public static int EditText=0x7f080016;
public static int FAB=0x7f080017;
public static int GridView=0x7f080011;
public static int GridView_FAB=0x7f080012;
public static int InfoText=0x7f08000e;
public static int ListView=0x7f08000f;
public static int ListView_FAB=0x7f080010;
public static int SeekBar=0x7f080013;
public static int SettingsValue=0x7f080014;
/** Application theme.
All customizations that are NOT specific to a particular API-level can go here.
*/
public static int SmallAppTheme=0x7f080001;
public static int TextAppearance=0x7f080003;
public static int TextAppearance_Dialog
|
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] | 1,024 |
Github
| -2.284295 | -1.214083 | -2.057606 | -2.260587 |
=0x7f080008;
public static int TextAppearance_Dialog_ActionItem=0x7f08000d;
public static int TextAppearance_Dialog_ExtraInfo=0x7f08000c;
public static int TextAppearance_Dialog_Marquee=0x7f080009;
public static int TextAppearance_Dialog_SettingsHeading=0x7f08000a;
public static int TextAppearance_Dialog_SettingsSubHeading=0x7f08000b;
public static int TextAppearance_Medium=0x7f080004;
public static int TextAppearance_Medium_Marquee=0x7f080006;
public static int TextAppearance_Small=0x7f080005;
public static int TextAppearance_Small_Marquee=0x7f080007;
}
public static final class styleable {
/** Attributes that can be used with a CircleImageView.
<p>Includes the following attributes:</p>
<table>
<colgroup align="left" />
<colgroup align="left" />
<tr><th>Attribute</th><th>Description</th></tr>
<tr><td><code>{@link #CircleImageView_border_color com.pranavpandey.smallapp:border_color}</code></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td><code>{@link #CircleImageView_border_overlay com.pranavpandey.smallapp:border_overlay}</code></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td><code>{@link #CircleImageView_border_width com.pranavpandey.smallapp:border_width}</code></td><td></td></tr>
</table>
@see #CircleImageView_border_color
@see #CircleImageView_border_overlay
@see #CircleImageView_border_width
*/
public static final int[] CircleImageView = {
0x7f01001c, 0x7f01001d, 0x7f01001e
};
/**
<p>This symbol is the offset where the {@link com.pranavpandey.smallapp.R.attr#border_color}
attribute's value can be found in the {@link #CircleImageView} array.
<p>Must be a color value, in the form of "<code>#<i>rgb</i></code>", "<code>#<i>argb</i></code>",
"<code>#<i>rrggbb</i></code>", or "<code>#<i>aarrggbb</i></code>".
<p>This may also be a reference to a resource (in the form
"<code>@[<i>package</i>:]<i>type</i>:<i>name</i></code>") or
theme attribute (in the form
"<code>?[<i>package</i>:][<i>type</i>:]<i>name</i></code>")
containing a value of this type.
@attr name com.pranavpandey.smallapp:border_color
*/
public static int CircleImageView_border_color = 1;
/**
<p>This symbol is the offset where the {@link com.pranavpandey.smallapp.R.attr#border_overlay}
attribute's value can be found in the {@link #CircleImageView} array.
<p>Must be a boolean value, either "<code>true</code>" or "<code>false</code>".
<p>This may also be a reference to a resource (in the form
"<code>@[<i>package</i>:]<i>type</i>:<i>name</i></code>") or
theme attribute (in the form
"<code>?[<i>package</i>:][<i>type</i>:]<i>name</i></code>")
containing a value of this type
|
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] | 1,024 |
Github
| -1.594162 | -0.66512 | -1.648751 | -1.386558 |
.
@attr name com.pranavpandey.smallapp:border_overlay
*/
public static int CircleImageView_border_overlay = 2;
/**
<p>This symbol is the offset where the {@link com.pranavpandey.smallapp.R.attr#border_width}
attribute's value can be found in the {@link #CircleImageView} array.
<p>Must be a dimension value, which is a floating point number appended with a unit such as "<code>14.5sp</code>".
Available units are: px (pixels), dp (density-independent pixels), sp (scaled pixels based on preferred font size),
in (inches), mm (millimeters).
<p>This may also be a reference to a resource (in the form
"<code>@[<i>package</i>:]<i>type</i>:<i>name</i></code>") or
theme attribute (in the form
"<code>?[<i>package</i>:][<i>type</i>:]<i>name</i></code>")
containing a value of this type.
@attr name com.pranavpandey.smallapp:border_width
*/
public static int CircleImageView_border_width = 0;
/** Attributes that can be used with a ColorAtrributes.
<p>Includes the following attributes:</p>
<table>
<colgroup align="left" />
<colgroup align="left" />
<tr><th>Attribute</th><th>Description</th></tr>
<tr><td><code>{@link #ColorAtrributes_backgroundAware com.pranavpandey.smallapp:backgroundAware}</code></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td><code>{@link #ColorAtrributes_colorAlpha com.pranavpandey.smallapp:colorAlpha}</code></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td><code>{@link #ColorAtrributes_colorType com.pranavpandey.smallapp:colorType}</code></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td><code>{@link #ColorAtrributes_contrastWith com.pranavpandey.smallapp:contrastWith}</code></td><td></td></tr>
</table>
@see #ColorAtrributes_backgroundAware
@see #ColorAtrributes_colorAlpha
@see #ColorAtrributes_colorType
@see #ColorAtrributes_contrastWith
*/
public static final int[] ColorAtrributes = {
0x7f010004, 0x7f010005, 0x7f010006, 0x7f010007
};
/**
<p>This symbol is the offset where the {@link com.pranavpandey.smallapp.R.attr#backgroundAware}
attribute's value can be found in the {@link #ColorAtrributes} array.
<p>Must be a boolean value, either "<code>true</code>" or "<code>false</code>".
<p>This may also be a reference to a resource (in the form
"<code>@[<i>package</i>:]<i>type</i>:<i>name</i></code>") or
theme attribute (in the form
"<code>?[<i>package</i>:][<i>type</i>:]<i>name</i></code>")
containing a value of this type.
@attr name com.pranavpandey.smallapp:backgroundAware
*/
public static int ColorAtrributes_backgroundAware = 2;
/**
<p>This symbol is the offset where the {@link com.pranavpandey.smallapp.R.attr#colorAlpha}
attribute's value can be found in the {@link #ColorAtrributes} array.
<p>Must be an integer value, such as "<code>100</code>".
<p>This may also be
|
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] | 1,024 |
Github
| -1.575142 | -0.343918 | -1.419218 | -1.048836 |
a reference to a resource (in the form
"<code>@[<i>package</i>:]<i>type</i>:<i>name</i></code>") or
theme attribute (in the form
"<code>?[<i>package</i>:][<i>type</i>:]<i>name</i></code>")
containing a value of this type.
@attr name com.pranavpandey.smallapp:colorAlpha
*/
public static int ColorAtrributes_colorAlpha = 1;
/**
<p>This symbol is the offset where the {@link com.pranavpandey.smallapp.R.attr#colorType}
attribute's value can be found in the {@link #ColorAtrributes} array.
<p>Must be one of the following constant values.</p>
<table>
<colgroup align="left" />
<colgroup align="left" />
<colgroup align="left" />
<tr><th>Constant</th><th>Value</th><th>Description</th></tr>
<tr><td><code>none</code></td><td>0</td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td><code>primary</code></td><td>1</td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td><code>primary_dark</code></td><td>2</td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td><code>accent</code></td><td>3</td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td><code>accent_dark</code></td><td>4</td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td><code>tint_primary</code></td><td>5</td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td><code>tint_primary_dark</code></td><td>6</td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td><code>tint_accent</code></td><td>7</td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td><code>tint_accent_dark</code></td><td>8</td><td></td></tr>
</table>
@attr name com.pranavpandey.smallapp:colorType
*/
public static int ColorAtrributes_colorType = 0;
/**
<p>This symbol is the offset where the {@link com.pranavpandey.smallapp.R.attr#contrastWith}
attribute's value can be found in the {@link #ColorAtrributes} array.
<p>Must be a color value, in the form of "<code>#<i>rgb</i></code>", "<code>#<i>argb</i></code>",
"<code>#<i>rrggbb</i></code>", or "<code>#<i>aarrggbb</i></code>".
<p>This may also be a reference to a resource (in the form
"<code>@[<i>package</i>:]<i>type</i>:<i>name</i></code>") or
theme attribute (in the form
"<code>?[<i>package</i>:][<i>type</i>:]<i>name</i></code>")
containing a value of this type.
@attr name com.pranavpandey.smallapp:contrastWith
*/
public static int ColorAtrributes_contrastWith = 3;
/** Attributes that can be used with a EmptyView.
<p>Includes the following attributes:</p>
<table>
<colgroup align="left" />
<colgroup align="left" />
<tr><th>Attribute</th><th>Description</th></tr>
<tr><td><code>{@link #EmptyView_emptViewImage com.pranavpandey.smallapp:emptViewImage}</code></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td><code>{@link #EmptyView_emptyViewText com.pranavpandey.smallapp:emptyViewText}</code></td><td></td></tr>
</table>
@see #EmptyView_emptViewImage
|
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] | 1,024 |
Github
| -1.463743 | -0.319261 | -1.408459 | -0.87871 |
@see #EmptyView_emptyViewText
*/
public static final int[] EmptyView = {
0x7f010008, 0x7f010009
};
/**
<p>This symbol is the offset where the {@link com.pranavpandey.smallapp.R.attr#emptViewImage}
attribute's value can be found in the {@link #EmptyView} array.
<p>Must be a reference to another resource, in the form "<code>@[+][<i>package</i>:]<i>type</i>:<i>name</i></code>"
or to a theme attribute in the form "<code>?[<i>package</i>:][<i>type</i>:]<i>name</i></code>".
@attr name com.pranavpandey.smallapp:emptViewImage
*/
public static int EmptyView_emptViewImage = 1;
/**
<p>This symbol is the offset where the {@link com.pranavpandey.smallapp.R.attr#emptyViewText}
attribute's value can be found in the {@link #EmptyView} array.
<p>Must be a reference to another resource, in the form "<code>@[+][<i>package</i>:]<i>type</i>:<i>name</i></code>"
or to a theme attribute in the form "<code>?[<i>package</i>:][<i>type</i>:]<i>name</i></code>".
@attr name com.pranavpandey.smallapp:emptyViewText
*/
public static int EmptyView_emptyViewText = 0;
/** Attributes that can be used with a PagerSlidingTabStrip.
<p>Includes the following attributes:</p>
<table>
<colgroup align="left" />
<colgroup align="left" />
<tr><th>Attribute</th><th>Description</th></tr>
<tr><td><code>{@link #PagerSlidingTabStrip_pstsDividerColor com.pranavpandey.smallapp:pstsDividerColor}</code></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td><code>{@link #PagerSlidingTabStrip_pstsDividerPadding com.pranavpandey.smallapp:pstsDividerPadding}</code></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td><code>{@link #PagerSlidingTabStrip_pstsDividerWidth com.pranavpandey.smallapp:pstsDividerWidth}</code></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td><code>{@link #PagerSlidingTabStrip_pstsIndicatorColor com.pranavpandey.smallapp:pstsIndicatorColor}</code></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td><code>{@link #PagerSlidingTabStrip_pstsIndicatorHeight com.pranavpandey.smallapp:pstsIndicatorHeight}</code></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td><code>{@link #PagerSlidingTabStrip_pstsPaddingMiddle com.pranavpandey.smallapp:pstsPaddingMiddle}</code></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td><code>{@link #PagerSlidingTabStrip_pstsScrollOffset com.pranavpandey.smallapp:pstsScrollOffset}</code></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td><code>{@link #PagerSlidingTabStrip_pstsShouldExpand com.pranavpandey.smallapp:pstsShouldExpand}</code></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td><code>{@link #PagerSlidingTabStrip_pstsStartScrollOffset com.pranavpandey.smallapp:pstsStartScrollOffset}</code></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td><code>{@link #PagerSlidingTabStrip_pstsTabBackground com.pranavpandey.
|
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419,
29889,
558,
273,
485,
29886,
4182,
29891,
29889
] | 1,024 |
Github
| -2.012589 | -0.827992 | -1.828073 | -1.602852 |
smallapp:pstsTabBackground}</code></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td><code>{@link #PagerSlidingTabStrip_pstsTabPaddingLeftRight com.pranavpandey.smallapp:pstsTabPaddingLeftRight}</code></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td><code>{@link #PagerSlidingTabStrip_pstsTextAllCaps com.pranavpandey.smallapp:pstsTextAllCaps}</code></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td><code>{@link #PagerSlidingTabStrip_pstsTextAlpha com.pranavpandey.smallapp:pstsTextAlpha}</code></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td><code>{@link #PagerSlidingTabStrip_pstsTextSelectedAlpha com.pranavpandey.smallapp:pstsTextSelectedAlpha}</code></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td><code>{@link #PagerSlidingTabStrip_pstsTextSelectedStyle com.pranavpandey.smallapp:pstsTextSelectedStyle}</code></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td><code>{@link #PagerSlidingTabStrip_pstsTextStyle com.pranavpandey.smallapp:pstsTextStyle}</code></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td><code>{@link #PagerSlidingTabStrip_pstsUnderlineColor com.pranavpandey.smallapp:pstsUnderlineColor}</code></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td><code>{@link #PagerSlidingTabStrip_pstsUnderlineHeight com.pranavpandey.smallapp:pstsUnderlineHeight}</code></td><td></td></tr>
</table>
@see #PagerSlidingTabStrip_pstsDividerColor
@see #PagerSlidingTabStrip_pstsDividerPadding
@see #PagerSlidingTabStrip_pstsDividerWidth
@see #PagerSlidingTabStrip_pstsIndicatorColor
@see #PagerSlidingTabStrip_pstsIndicatorHeight
@see #PagerSlidingTabStrip_pstsPaddingMiddle
@see #PagerSlidingTabStrip_pstsScrollOffset
@see #PagerSlidingTabStrip_pstsShouldExpand
@see #PagerSlidingTabStrip_pstsStartScrollOffset
@see #PagerSlidingTabStrip_pstsTabBackground
@see #PagerSlidingTabStrip_pstsTabPaddingLeftRight
@see #PagerSlidingTabStrip_pstsTextAllCaps
@see #PagerSlidingTabStrip_pstsTextAlpha
@see #PagerSlidingTabStrip_pstsTextSelectedAlpha
@see #PagerSlidingTabStrip_pstsTextSelectedStyle
@see #PagerSlidingTabStrip_pstsTextStyle
@see #PagerSlidingTabStrip_pstsUnderlineColor
@see #PagerSlidingTabStrip_pstsUnderlineHeight
*/
public static final int[] PagerSlidingTabStrip = {
0x7f01000a, 0x7f01000b, 0x7f01000c, 0x7f01000d,
0x7f01000e, 0x7f01000f, 0x7f010010, 0x7f010011,
0x7f010012, 0x7f010013, 0x7f010014, 0x7f010015,
0x7f010016, 0x7f010017, 0x7f010018, 0x7f010019,
0x7f01001a, 0x7f010
|
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Github
| -2.137574 | -1.072625 | -2.086297 | -2.068326 |
01b
};
/**
<p>This symbol is the offset where the {@link com.pranavpandey.smallapp.R.attr#pstsDividerColor}
attribute's value can be found in the {@link #PagerSlidingTabStrip} array.
<p>Must be a color value, in the form of "<code>#<i>rgb</i></code>", "<code>#<i>argb</i></code>",
"<code>#<i>rrggbb</i></code>", or "<code>#<i>aarrggbb</i></code>".
<p>This may also be a reference to a resource (in the form
"<code>@[<i>package</i>:]<i>type</i>:<i>name</i></code>") or
theme attribute (in the form
"<code>?[<i>package</i>:][<i>type</i>:]<i>name</i></code>")
containing a value of this type.
@attr name com.pranavpandey.smallapp:pstsDividerColor
*/
public static int PagerSlidingTabStrip_pstsDividerColor = 2;
/**
<p>This symbol is the offset where the {@link com.pranavpandey.smallapp.R.attr#pstsDividerPadding}
attribute's value can be found in the {@link #PagerSlidingTabStrip} array.
<p>Must be a dimension value, which is a floating point number appended with a unit such as "<code>14.5sp</code>".
Available units are: px (pixels), dp (density-independent pixels), sp (scaled pixels based on preferred font size),
in (inches), mm (millimeters).
<p>This may also be a reference to a resource (in the form
"<code>@[<i>package</i>:]<i>type</i>:<i>name</i></code>") or
theme attribute (in the form
"<code>?[<i>package</i>:][<i>type</i>:]<i>name</i></code>")
containing a value of this type.
@attr name com.pranavpandey.smallapp:pstsDividerPadding
*/
public static int PagerSlidingTabStrip_pstsDividerPadding = 6;
/**
<p>This symbol is the offset where the {@link com.pranavpandey.smallapp.R.attr#pstsDividerWidth}
attribute's value can be found in the {@link #PagerSlidingTabStrip} array.
<p>Must be a dimension value, which is a floating point number appended with a unit such as "<code>14.5sp</code>".
Available units are: px (pixels), dp (density-independent pixels), sp (scaled pixels based on preferred font size),
in (inches), mm (millimeters).
<p>This may also be a reference to a resource (in the form
"<code>@[<i>package</i>:]<i>type</i>:<i>name</i></code>") or
theme attribute (in the form
"<code>?[<i>package</i>:][<i>type</i>:]<i>name</i></code>")
containing a value of this type.
@attr name com.pranavpandey.smallapp:pstsDividerWidth
*/
public static int PagerSlidingTabStrip_pstsDividerWidth = 3;
/**
<p>This symbol is the offset where the {@link com.pranavpandey.smallapp.R.attr#pstsIndicatorColor}
attribute's value can be found in the {@link #PagerSlidingTabStrip} array.
<p>Must be a color value, in the form of "<code>#<i>rgb</i></code>", "<code>#<i>argb</i></code>",
"<code>#<i>rrggbb</i></code>", or "<code
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] | 1,024 |
Github
| -1.550689 | -0.227767 | -1.372595 | -1.179118 |
>#<i>aarrggbb</i></code>".
<p>This may also be a reference to a resource (in the form
"<code>@[<i>package</i>:]<i>type</i>:<i>name</i></code>") or
theme attribute (in the form
"<code>?[<i>package</i>:][<i>type</i>:]<i>name</i></code>")
containing a value of this type.
@attr name com.pranavpandey.smallapp:pstsIndicatorColor
*/
public static int PagerSlidingTabStrip_pstsIndicatorColor = 0;
/**
<p>This symbol is the offset where the {@link com.pranavpandey.smallapp.R.attr#pstsIndicatorHeight}
attribute's value can be found in the {@link #PagerSlidingTabStrip} array.
<p>Must be a dimension value, which is a floating point number appended with a unit such as "<code>14.5sp</code>".
Available units are: px (pixels), dp (density-independent pixels), sp (scaled pixels based on preferred font size),
in (inches), mm (millimeters).
<p>This may also be a reference to a resource (in the form
"<code>@[<i>package</i>:]<i>type</i>:<i>name</i></code>") or
theme attribute (in the form
"<code>?[<i>package</i>:][<i>type</i>:]<i>name</i></code>")
containing a value of this type.
@attr name com.pranavpandey.smallapp:pstsIndicatorHeight
*/
public static int PagerSlidingTabStrip_pstsIndicatorHeight = 4;
/**
<p>This symbol is the offset where the {@link com.pranavpandey.smallapp.R.attr#pstsPaddingMiddle}
attribute's value can be found in the {@link #PagerSlidingTabStrip} array.
<p>Must be a boolean value, either "<code>true</code>" or "<code>false</code>".
<p>This may also be a reference to a resource (in the form
"<code>@[<i>package</i>:]<i>type</i>:<i>name</i></code>") or
theme attribute (in the form
"<code>?[<i>package</i>:][<i>type</i>:]<i>name</i></code>")
containing a value of this type.
@attr name com.pranavpandey.smallapp:pstsPaddingMiddle
*/
public static int PagerSlidingTabStrip_pstsPaddingMiddle = 12;
/**
<p>This symbol is the offset where the {@link com.pranavpandey.smallapp.R.attr#pstsScrollOffset}
attribute's value can be found in the {@link #PagerSlidingTabStrip} array.
<p>Must be a dimension value, which is a floating point number appended with a unit such as "<code>14.5sp</code>".
Available units are: px (pixels), dp (density-independent pixels), sp (scaled pixels based on preferred font size),
in (inches), mm (millimeters).
<p>This may also be a reference to a resource (in the form
"<code>@[<i>package</i>:]<i>type</i>:<i>name</i></code>") or
theme attribute (in the form
"<code>?[<i>package</i>:][<i>type</i>:]<i>name</i></code>")
containing a value of this type.
@attr name com.pranavpandey.smallapp:pstsScrollOffset
*/
public static int PagerSlidingTabStrip_pstsScrollOffset = 8;
/**
<p>This symbol is the offset where the {@link com.pranavpandey.smallapp
|
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273,
485,
29886,
4182,
29891,
29889,
3844,
9864,
407
] | 1,024 |
Github
| -1.60503 | -0.487952 | -1.598541 | -1.304341 |
.R.attr#pstsShouldExpand}
attribute's value can be found in the {@link #PagerSlidingTabStrip} array.
<p>Must be a boolean value, either "<code>true</code>" or "<code>false</code>".
<p>This may also be a reference to a resource (in the form
"<code>@[<i>package</i>:]<i>type</i>:<i>name</i></code>") or
theme attribute (in the form
"<code>?[<i>package</i>:][<i>type</i>:]<i>name</i></code>")
containing a value of this type.
@attr name com.pranavpandey.smallapp:pstsShouldExpand
*/
public static int PagerSlidingTabStrip_pstsShouldExpand = 10;
/**
<p>This symbol is the offset where the {@link com.pranavpandey.smallapp.R.attr#pstsStartScrollOffset}
attribute's value can be found in the {@link #PagerSlidingTabStrip} array.
<p>Must be a dimension value, which is a floating point number appended with a unit such as "<code>14.5sp</code>".
Available units are: px (pixels), dp (density-independent pixels), sp (scaled pixels based on preferred font size),
in (inches), mm (millimeters).
<p>This may also be a reference to a resource (in the form
"<code>@[<i>package</i>:]<i>type</i>:<i>name</i></code>") or
theme attribute (in the form
"<code>?[<i>package</i>:][<i>type</i>:]<i>name</i></code>")
containing a value of this type.
@attr name com.pranavpandey.smallapp:pstsStartScrollOffset
*/
public static int PagerSlidingTabStrip_pstsStartScrollOffset = 13;
/**
<p>This symbol is the offset where the {@link com.pranavpandey.smallapp.R.attr#pstsTabBackground}
attribute's value can be found in the {@link #PagerSlidingTabStrip} array.
<p>Must be a reference to another resource, in the form "<code>@[+][<i>package</i>:]<i>type</i>:<i>name</i></code>"
or to a theme attribute in the form "<code>?[<i>package</i>:][<i>type</i>:]<i>name</i></code>".
@attr name com.pranavpandey.smallapp:pstsTabBackground
*/
public static int PagerSlidingTabStrip_pstsTabBackground = 9;
/**
<p>This symbol is the offset where the {@link com.pranavpandey.smallapp.R.attr#pstsTabPaddingLeftRight}
attribute's value can be found in the {@link #PagerSlidingTabStrip} array.
<p>Must be a dimension value, which is a floating point number appended with a unit such as "<code>14.5sp</code>".
Available units are: px (pixels), dp (density-independent pixels), sp (scaled pixels based on preferred font size),
in (inches), mm (millimeters).
<p>This may also be a reference to a resource (in the form
"<code>@[<i>package</i>:]<i>type</i>:<i>name</i></code>") or
theme attribute (in the form
"<code>?[<i>package</i>:][<i>type</i>:]<i>name</i></code>")
containing a value of this type.
@attr name com.pranavpandey.smallapp:pstsTabPaddingLeftRight
*/
public static int PagerSlidingTabStrip_pstsTabPaddingLeftRight = 7;
/**
<p>This
|
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3986,
529,
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4013
] | 1,024 |
Github
| -1.458308 | -0.02661 | -1.178927 | -0.733881 |
symbol is the offset where the {@link com.pranavpandey.smallapp.R.attr#pstsTextAllCaps}
attribute's value can be found in the {@link #PagerSlidingTabStrip} array.
<p>Must be a boolean value, either "<code>true</code>" or "<code>false</code>".
<p>This may also be a reference to a resource (in the form
"<code>@[<i>package</i>:]<i>type</i>:<i>name</i></code>") or
theme attribute (in the form
"<code>?[<i>package</i>:][<i>type</i>:]<i>name</i></code>")
containing a value of this type.
@attr name com.pranavpandey.smallapp:pstsTextAllCaps
*/
public static int PagerSlidingTabStrip_pstsTextAllCaps = 11;
/**
<p>This symbol is the offset where the {@link com.pranavpandey.smallapp.R.attr#pstsTextAlpha}
attribute's value can be found in the {@link #PagerSlidingTabStrip} array.
<p>Must be a floating point value, such as "<code>1.2</code>".
<p>This may also be a reference to a resource (in the form
"<code>@[<i>package</i>:]<i>type</i>:<i>name</i></code>") or
theme attribute (in the form
"<code>?[<i>package</i>:][<i>type</i>:]<i>name</i></code>")
containing a value of this type.
@attr name com.pranavpandey.smallapp:pstsTextAlpha
*/
public static int PagerSlidingTabStrip_pstsTextAlpha = 16;
/**
<p>This symbol is the offset where the {@link com.pranavpandey.smallapp.R.attr#pstsTextSelectedAlpha}
attribute's value can be found in the {@link #PagerSlidingTabStrip} array.
<p>Must be a floating point value, such as "<code>1.2</code>".
<p>This may also be a reference to a resource (in the form
"<code>@[<i>package</i>:]<i>type</i>:<i>name</i></code>") or
theme attribute (in the form
"<code>?[<i>package</i>:][<i>type</i>:]<i>name</i></code>")
containing a value of this type.
@attr name com.pranavpandey.smallapp:pstsTextSelectedAlpha
*/
public static int PagerSlidingTabStrip_pstsTextSelectedAlpha = 17;
/**
<p>This symbol is the offset where the {@link com.pranavpandey.smallapp.R.attr#pstsTextSelectedStyle}
attribute's value can be found in the {@link #PagerSlidingTabStrip} array.
<p>Must be one or more (separated by '|') of the following constant values.</p>
<table>
<colgroup align="left" />
<colgroup align="left" />
<colgroup align="left" />
<tr><th>Constant</th><th>Value</th><th>Description</th></tr>
<tr><td><code>normal</code></td><td>0x0</td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td><code>bold</code></td><td>0x1</td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td><code>italic</code></td><td>0x2</td><td></td></tr>
</table>
@attr name com.pranavpandey.smallapp:pstsTextSelectedStyle
*/
public static int PagerSlidingTabStrip_pstsTextSelectedStyle = 15;
/**
<p>This symbol is the offset where the {@link com
|
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Github
| -1.659371 | -0.254371 | -1.587781 | -1.15888 |
A community group can often overlook or underrate the benefits of marketing itself through its annual report.
Many groups and not-for profits have to compile and release an annual report each year, often spending a lot of time, effort and money doing so.
If this is the case, why not make sure that it returns something to your organisation?
The annual report you distribute can be a really useful marketing tool.
Apart from being a document required to fulfil regulatory requirements, your group's annual report is one of the ways to communicate your achievements and plans, as well as specifying relevant financial details from the previous year.
The report is an extension of your organisation and those who read it are going to draw conclusions about you from it.
If it's competently done, well presented, clear, accurate, clearly focused and containing vision and passion, people will see that as representative of your group generally.
If people can see their support and money at work and what you have been able to achieve, it is easier to convince them to continue that backing.
If your report lists and thanks people who have helped your group throughout the year (donors, sponsors, volunteers, supporters, members, etc) it shows the importance your group places on the human side of the organisation and the way you value contributions from those involved in your group.
Your group also needs to look at the content of its annual report and how it is presented to ensure that it contributes to your group's overall marketing effort.
Obviously there is a certain structure that annual reports traditionally adhere to – for example, the inclusion and placement of chairperson's reports, audited financial reports/balance sheets, director's attendance at meetings etc.
There are ways that traditional report content can be presented and inclusions that can be made, that improve the marketing impact of your annual report.
Clear statements of your group's aims, or vision.
A statement or expression of your vision should be clear and consistent throughout the report, from any introductory page the report might have, to your chair or CEO's report, reports on activities held during the year, notes of appreciation to stakeholders, etc.
List of your group's achievements.
Marketing your group is not only about who you are, but what you have done. Listing what and how your group has achieved objectives in the past year, markets your group as one which successfully backs up its vision with action; a can-do organisation.
List of your group's activities/programs.
Showing what you have achieved and how your group has achieved it is an integral part of your report. Listing and explaining your organisation's activities and programs and how they have helped achieve or support your group's vision is vital.
Case studies that demonstrate the practical results of your work.
Case studies clearly demonstrate the outcomes of your work. It shows the human face and end results of your group's philosophy, policy and planning.
Having a statement of intent or explanation of your group's future vision is an important marketing tool. It presents you as a forward-thinking organisation with an eye to future success.
Such a statement can be contained in the chair or CEO's report.
Listing donors and sponsors/supporters and helpers/board and committee members.
Including names of people not only gives them deserved recognition, but markets your group as well. To those reading your report, these lists of names (especially of supporters) add a sense of legitimacy to your group and what it is doing.
Details of your work with the media can be contained in a number of sections in the report or have its own section, if your group has had extensive media dealings throughout the year.
This shows your group as one whose activities are newsworthy – further marketing your group to existing or prospective stakeholders.
By building your annual report in this way, it becomes more than just a financial statement. It becomes a document which tells a story about your group and shows that you are worthy of people's support, respect and trust.
Who should it go to?
To increase its usefulness as a marketing tool your annual report should be made available to a number of groups of people.
Stakeholders – sponsors, donors, supporters, volunteers, fundraisers, any business or community partners or bodies, etc.
Applicable local councils or local government bodies.
Applicable politicians (State and Federal) in your geographic or interest areas, as well as appropriate State or Federal Ministers.
The media – local, state or other.
Having someone coordinate the process is the
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| 0.987047 | -0.179749 | -0.044265 | 1.685828 |
Subtitled Films Sorted by Title This list contains all of our english subtitled films and is updated quarterly. Real measurements of the actual dynamic range of some commercial recording thanks to the DR software of the Pleasurize Music Foundation.
A table arrangement of grains celebrates the bounty of fall. Gourd geous Fall Centerpieces to DIY This Weekend. Buy Nearly Natural 10 Harvest Centerpiece Orange Artificial Flowers FREE DELIVERY possible on eligible purchases.
Thats all you need to make this harvest themed centerpiece. 1s included a three movement. STAY IN THE KNOW. The Horn Memorial Hospital Foundation is kicking off this years Fall Festival with the theme A Roaring Good Time! We have enlisted hundreds of friends biblical scholars theologians homileticians and pastors dedicated to the craft of biblical preaching to provide you timely compelling and trustworthy content.
BIO ELECTRIC TRANSPORTATION 01. Blanco Point Harvest Centerpiece by Loon Peak. Winner of the 011 Beard Foundation Best Chef South Stryjewski is Chef Partner of New Orleans' award winning restaurants Cochon Cochon Butcher P che Seafood Grill Calcasieu a private event facility and La Boulangerie a neighborhood. Top 0 was a strange place in 01 a place where the year's longest running Billboard No. Here are 10 refined centerpieces perfect for any fall feast. Top 0 was a strange place in 01 a place where the years longest running Billboard No. VIEW BLU RAY DVD BLU RAY. Adorned with pumpkins fall leaves and other staples of the harvest fall wreaths. Turn on search history to start remembering your searches.
The Best Pizza in Every State from The Best Pizza in Every State Gallery. More Info First sold in cl Falmouth Ottoman Upholstery Black Onyx. Decorating ideas. Harvest. Get an unrestricted access to all the blog and those extraodinary functions that can help your business grow in a continuously changing industry. For newer titles please use the library catalog. The Best Pizza in Every State Gallery. Chef Partner Link Restaurant Group Cochon Cochon Butcher Calcasieu P che Seafood Grill and La Boulangerie. Add fall floral flair to your home decor with fall wreaths and centerpieces from. More about one of these? Fall table centerpieces. Centerpiece How ToTo make each centerpiece youll need about a hundred stalks six bunches of dried grass and wheat.
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The oilsands debate is a part of the world environmental stage with its excessive CO. Sign up for SevenFifty Daily's twice weekly newsletter. Search the history of over billion web pages on the Internet. STRYJEWSKI. Ramo Law PC provides comprehensive legal services to its clients in the entertainment industry with a specialized focus in representing financiers producers directors distributors studios and production entities in all transactional aspects of film television and digital content. Bottles it is noted for its copper color and as the first beer brewed by the monks of Chimay in 1. Fresh fall flowers and colorful produce come together to create the perfect centerpiece for your Thanksgiving table French Perle 9 Salad Or Dessert Plate Set Of 4.
The Working Preacher team believes that God uses good biblical preaching to change lives. Get the tutorial at.
Working Preacher is a ministry brought to you by Seminary. Loon Peak Blanco Point Harvest Centerpiece. The Working Preacher team believes that God uses good biblical preaching to provide you timely compelling and trustworthy content. VIEW BLU RAY DVD. TNT AUDIO www. In addition to wheat which symbolizes a fruitful life this textured display includes other dried grasses. More ideas about Thanksgiving art Thanksgiving decorations and theme. Chef Partner Link Restaurant Group Cochon Cochon Butcher Calcasieu P che Seafood Grill Calcasieu a private event facility and La Boulangerie a neighborhood.
|
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C4
| -0.87414 | -1.759153 | -1.533985 | -1.395412 |
For those of you Surface fans out there who love to use your Surface in airport lobbies, cafés and anywhere in between, you know how great Surface is for people on-the-go. But when you come back to your home or work office, many of us want to easily connect to our monitors, external mice and keyboards, and any other accessory that can turn your Surface into a full-blown desktop workstation. We've recently made that super easy with the introduction of our new Surface Dock. To celebrate we're taking a closer look at five ways Surface Dock makes your Surface even more awesome.
Surface Dock makes you a multi-tasking hero. With 2 miniDisplayPorts (mDP), you can now have 3 screens of real estate to be a productivity master. Crunch your numbers in Excel, check your emails in Outlook, take notes in OneNote, and Skype into a conference call – all without having to switch screens.
I personally use my Surface Dock at work to connect my Surface Book to two UHD monitors (3840 x 2160 @30Hz), Sculpt Ergonomic keyboard and mouse, Ethernet cable and external hard-drive. The USB 3.0 ports make transferring files a breeze, as the data transfer rates are up to 10x faster than on USB 2.0 ports.
Or at home, I connect my printer, 1 external monitor, speakers, and phone to my Surface Dock so I can work and play. Each USB port on the Surface Dock has 7.5W of charging power, so my cell phone and other accessories can charge faster. I can connect my TV through a miniDisplayPort to HDMI adapter when I want to watch TV or movies on a big screen. I also love the fact that it has an audio jack for my headphones or speakers, instantly transforming my home office into an entertainment center.
Surface Dock makes your life simpler. No more needing to plug and unplug a crazy number of cables every single time you sit down at your desk. We think your time is way more valuable than that. Just plug in all your cables – miniDisplayPort (x2), Ethernet, USB (x4), power, and audio in your Surface Dock – and never deal with them again. Transform your Surface into a desktop just by connecting the single, flexible SurfaceConnect cable into the SurfaceConnect port. Boom! You're good to go.
Surface Dock brings out your creativity. Just because you're "docked" doesn't mean you can't continue to take advantage of some of the best features of Surface – the touchscreen and Surface Pen. The Surface Dock allows you to use your Surface at the perfect angle by adjusting the multi-position kickstand. Use your Surface Pen to markup webpages on Microsoft Edge, draw on OneNote, and create beautiful things on Creative Cloud (and other partner apps).
Surface Dock lets you maximize productivity. For developers, the Surface Dock is an elegant solution for turning your Surface into a powerful development workstation. You can use one external monitor to keep the focus on your code and use the other monitor to handle any open documentation, emulator or apps you're testing. You can still use the great PixelSense display on the Surface itself as a third screen for team communications, e-mail, web browsing, etc. With the four available USB 3.0 ports, you can connect that favorite keyboard and mouse, a headset, maybe an Xbox controller and any other essential accessory to get your work done. And when you need to take your work to a meeting, on a trip, or just head home for the day, all it takes is a simple tug of the magnetic SurfaceConnect cable and you're free to go.
Surface Dock empowers you to get more done. We know you have a lot of meetings. Sometimes back-to-back. Don't worry though, your Surface Dock will charge your device while you use it – so you don't lose power in the middle of that important presentation you were making.
The new Surface Dock is compatible with Surface Book, Surface Pro 4, and Surface Pro 3, and is available for purchase at retail stores, online, and through authorized resellers. All of us on the Surface Team are highly grateful for all the Surface fans out there for the great feedback. We hope you love the Surface Dock as much as we do!
|
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13
] | 1,024 |
C4
| 0.587639 | -0.811445 | -0.356734 | 0.193273 |
Splash Maker: The Bucks oddly dynamic duo of Brook Lopez and Thon Maker
The Milwaukee Bucks may have something special brewing with the pairing of Thon Maker and Brook Lopez.
Sometimes true love can be found in the unlikeliest of places. Or, so I've heard. While it may be a stretch to say Milwaukee Bucks' head coach Mike Budenholzer has found true love on the basketball court, it appears he has some butterflies fluttering around in his stomach with the odd pairing of Lopez and Maker.
At first glance, Lopez and Maker fit together like water and oil. They're two seven-footers who have exclusively played center throughout their entire careers and are in a league that's going smaller and more athletic. However, Budenholzer has bucked that trend (mandatory pun) and may have found something in this odd couple.
Until this season, many analysts saw Maker as a player who could only line up at the 5. Fortunately, Budenholzer sees him differently. The head coach has been giving Maker more time at power forward than ever before. Last season, the former 10th overall pick only played the 4 for two percent of his minutes compared to 14 percent this year. Even more astonishing is the fact that Lopez is playing alongside Maker during that time on the court.
Even though it's extremely small sample sizes (six games and 33 minutes), the two-man lineup of Maker and Lopez have a 16.9 positive net rating when they share the court. Most of that accrued time has come in the last three games against the New York Knicks, Detroit Pistons and Golden State Warriors. To an extent, their pairing has come out of necessity with Henson and now Ersan Ilyasova missing time, but Budenholzer could've easily staggered their minutes. Instead, he's chosen to put Maker in the game almost exclusively alongside Splash Mountain.
It's important to note this lineup can only be used in limited circumstances. So far, they've played zero minutes alongside Giannis Antetokounmpo, instead, Budenholzer surrounds them with three shooters at all times. Also, at least one of Eric Bledsoe or Pat Connaughton have played in 31 of the 33 minutes Maker and Lopez have shared the court together.
Offensively, it has been a fresh look for the Bucks. The 109.6 offensive rating Milwaukee has with this duo on the floor, would rank 11th in the NBA. The team also averages 128.2 points per 100 possessions with this combo on the floor, according to Cleaning the Glass.
One of the favorite play calls during Splash Maker's time on the floor together is the traditional 1-4 high-low with Lopez coming to set a ball screen. With four shooters on the floor, including the two-seven footers, Andre Drummond and Blake Griffin are tasked with defending the three-point line instead of hovering in the paint. This completely opens up the driving lanes for a half muscle-hamster, half speedster like Eric Bledsoe.
This time around, Lopez slips the screen and pops to the arc for three points:
Here again, Bledsoe is able to take advantage of the wide open driving lanes provided to him by Lopez and Maker's floor-spacing:
As Maker inbounds the ball to Bledsoe, the other three Bucks are spacing the floor like they normally do in their five-out offense. With Lopez in the weakside corner as the ball is being brought up, his gravity pulls Drummond out of the lane and closer to the perimeter than the center is comfortable with. As Bledsoe attacks, Drummond is quickly forced to decide between stopping the layup or helping on the three-point line. Naturally, he does neither.
Similar to Drummond, Griffin is unable to help in this situation as well. As Maker is drifting to the top of the key behind the ball-handler, Griffin can't abandon his man and must maintain some proximity to him which further opens the lane.
When the big men defending either Maker or Lopez finally decides to help, the duo lives up to
|
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CommonCrawl
| 0.269743 | -0.405563 | 0.454252 | -0.160892 |
Mark Chen
B.A. Studio Art, Reed College
Ph.D. Education, University of Washington
Email: markchen@uw.edu
Website: http://markdangerchen.net
I focus on experiential, project-based learning, treating courses as an opportunity to guide and learn with my students while engaged in theory-pushing through creation and/or participation in our object of study. Topics include Interactive Media, Game Studies, Games and Learning, Tech in Society, Qualitative Research, User Research, and Online Ethnography.
BIS 236 Intro Interactive Media (Interactive Fiction)
BIMD 250 Intro Interaction Design (working with Pacific Science Center and the Woodland Park Zoo)
BIMD 363 Junior Practicum
BIS 313 Gaming Culture
My main research focus is on marginalized player practice and the intricacies and workarounds people engage in to play games the way they want. This started with my dissertation research, which was an ethnography of World of Warcraft players as they learned teamwork and group expertise while also participating with or rebelling against a culture of increasing surveillance and assessment. More recently, I've been looking at the material and online ecology of spaces or tools that tabletop game players participate in for the love of their hobby. I also run Esoteric Gaming, an alternative online journal that features short accounts of extreme or marginal player practice. Besides research, I am an indie game designer and promoter of game design for experiential learning.
Chen, M., Leary, R., Simkins, D., & Peterson, J. (in press). Multi-player MUDs and MMORPGs. In J. Zagal & S. Deterding (Eds.), Role-playing game studies: Transmedia foundations. Routledge.
Chen, M. (2017). Novel games can come from novice game makers. On the Horizon, 25(4). https://doi.org/10.1108/OTH-08-2015-0054
Ask, K., & Chen, M. (2017). Alignments & alliances: Associations of value. In J. Banks (Ed.), Avatars, assembled. Peter Lang.
Chen, M. (2017). The messiness of actor-network theory in an online gaming ethnography: The inside story of Leet Noobs. In M. Knobel & C. Lankshear (Eds.), Researching new literacies: Design, theory, and data in sociocultural investigation. Peter Lang.
Chen, M., & Xu, A. (2017). Defense of the Ancients: Genre-pushing and fan-led revolutions. In R. Mejia, J. Banks, & A. Adams (Eds.), 100 greatest video game franchises. Rowman & Littlefield.
Chen, M. (2017). Fallout 4: Succumbing to the simulacra. Well Played, 6(1). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jQxVXt97TNc
Chen, M. (2017). Peterson, M., & Chen, M. Lands of Lore. Well Played, 6(1). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QAKpSoLh6MI
Chen, M. (2012). Leet noobs: The life and death of an expert player group in World of Warcraft. Peter Lang.
Chen, M. (2009). Visualization of expert chat development in a World of Warcraft player group. E-Learning, 6(1), 54-70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2304/elea.2009.6.1.54
Chen, M. (2008). The player matters: A review of Ninja Gaiden: Dragon Sword. E-Learning, 5(4), 508-512. http://dx.doi.org/10.2304/elea.2008.5.4.508
Chen, M. (2008). Moral ambiguity in The Witcher: A game review. E-Lear
|
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CommonCrawl
| 0.088379 | 0.704043 | 0.872521 | 1.192526 |
Anatahan (auch Anatagan, Anatajan, Anaksan oder San Joaquin) ist eine Vulkaninsel im Pazifischen Ozean. Sie gehört geographisch zum Archipel der Marianen und politisch zum Commonwealth der Nördlichen Marianen. Anatahan ist seit 1990 unbewohnt.
Geographie
Anatahan liegt angenähert 60 Kilometer nordwestlich des Farallon de Medinilla sowie etwa 120 Kilometer nördlich von Saipan, der Hauptinsel der Nördlichen Marianen. Die gut neun Kilometer lange und bis zu vier Kilometer breite Insel weist eine Fläche von 33,9 km² auf. An der höchsten Erhebung im Westen erreicht die Insel eine Höhe von 790 m über dem Meer. Das Innere der Insel wird von einer fünf Kilometer langen und 2,3 Kilometer breiten Caldera eingenommen. Im Allgemeinen wird die Caldera in einen West- und einen Ostkrater unterteilt, wobei der Ostteil der Caldera ungefähr 250 Meter tiefer als der Westteil liegt. Aus historischer Zeit sind keine Ausbrüche des Vulkans bekannt, jedoch finden sich auf der Insel Ascheablagerungen, deren Alter auf wenige hundert Jahre geschätzt wird.
Am 4. April 1990 wurden die 23 Bewohner der Siedlung an der Westküste der Insel wegen eines befürchteten Vulkanausbruchs evakuiert. In den Tagen zuvor war ein Erdbebenschwarm registriert worden; zudem hatte sich die Tätigkeit der Fumarolen in der Caldera verstärkt und der dortige See verfärbt. Im Mai 1993 trat ein weiterer Erdbebenschwarm auf.
Zwischen 2003 und 2008 kam es zu einer Serie von Vulkanausbrüchen des Ostkraters. Beim ersten Ausbruch am 10. Mai 2003 stieg eine Aschenwolke circa 12 Kilometer hoch auf. Die Eruption hatte eine Stärke von drei auf dem Vulkanexplosivitätsindex (VEI). Die Ascheeruptionen hatten zeitweise Beeinträchtigungen des Flugverkehrs zu den Inseln Saipan und Guam zur Folge. Im Ostkrater wurde im Sommer 2003 der Austritt von Lava beobachtet; ein neu entstandener kleiner Lavadom wurde bei nachfolgenden Eruptionen zerstört.
Geschichte
Als Anatahan 1668 vom spanischen Missionar Diego Luis de Sanvitores aufgesucht wurde, war sie dicht von Chamorros besiedelt. 1695 wurden alle Bewohner nach Saipan und drei Jahre später nach Guam deportiert. Bis 1899 spanische Kolonie, wurde die Insel zur Produktion von Kopra genutzt; um 1884 wurden schätzungsweise 125 Tonnen Kopra exportiert. Nach dem Verkauf der nördlichen Marianen an das Deutsche Reich war Anatahan bis 1918 Teil der Kolonie Deutsch-Neuguinea. Nach Angaben des deutschen Bezirksamtmanns Georg Fritz war die Insel im Mai 1901 unbewohnt; in den Jahren zuvor seien von circa einem dutzend Bewohner 20 bis 30 Tonnen Kopra gewonnen worden. 1902 wurde die Insel an die Pagan-Gesellschaft verpachtet; eine Gesellschaft, die überwiegend mit Kopra handelte. Im September 1905 und im September 1907 vernichteten schwere Taifune die Kokospflanzungen fast vollständig. 1912 waren schätzungsweise 80 Hektar Kokospflanzungen vorhanden, die jedoch nicht systematisch bewirtschaftet wurden, da die Pagan-Gesellschaft durch die Sturmschäden in wirtschaftliche Schwierigkeiten geraten war. Auch in der Zeit des Japanischen Südseemandats (1919–1944) wurde die Insel zur Produktion von Kopra genutzt.
Während des Zweiten Weltkrieges wurde im Juni 1944 ein Schiff der japanischen Marine bei Anatahan versenkt. 30 Überlebende konnten sich auf die Insel retten; nach dem Ab
|
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1976
] | 1,024 |
Wikipedia
| -0.533149 | 0.21348 | 0.897626 | -0.6085 |
The Right to Leave, May 1978 (49.15)
28 March 2021 29 May 2021
<<No 49 : 14 May 1978>>
On 21 April Lidia Artyomovna Valendo of Minsk (CCE 48.17, item 7) was arrested in a suburban railway carriage by a policeman and men in plain clothes. She was taken to the police station and from there to the republic psychiatric hospital. At first, they refused to admit her, but after a conversation between the policeman and the doctor (in private, of course), she was admitted.
The Directives on Urgent Hospitalization have been repeatedly disregarded. For example, the first commission did not examine Valendo until 11 May, whereas the examination is supposed to take place within 24 hours. [Information Bulletin no. 9 of the Working Commission on psychiatric abuse reports that she was released on 25 May 1978.]
Marija Jurgutiene, who has been trying for four years to obtain permission to go to her husband in the USA (CCEs 36, 44, 45), sent a statement on 4 May to the First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Lithuanian Communist Party, Griskevicius.
Since October 1977 Reshat Dzhemilev (CCE 48.14) has been trying to obtain permission to emigrate to the USA. On 28 March 1978 he was told in the Tashkent OVIR that in mid-February OVIR had already decided to refuse him. Notification of this, according to the OVIR official, had been sent to him three times by post. Dzhemilev replied that he had received no notification, although he lived only a few blocks away from OVIR. 'Then the post office are not doing their job — make a complaint to them,' was the reply. To Dzhemilev's question as to the reasons for their refusal, they replied: 'Your relative is not close enough.' 'Who determined how distant or how closely related my brother is to me?' asked Dzhemilev. The answer: 'Our superiors investigate these matters.'
On 16 June 1977 Vadim Ivanovich Konovalikhin, an inhabitant of Neman in Kaliningrad Region (b. 1943), handed in a statement to the USSR Supreme Soviet renouncing Soviet citizenship and applying to leave the USSR. After this he attempted several times to hand in his documents to emigrate, but they were not accepted.
On 4 October 1977 Konovalikhin declared a hunger-strike, of which fact he informed the current session of the Supreme Soviet. On 6 October he was forcibly hospitalized in the Kaliningrad Region psychiatric hospital, where he was told that he would be released if he ceased his hunger-strike. The next day, after he had handed in the appropriate statement, he was released. (Konovalikhin had had contact with psychiatry before: in 1968, when he was doing his military service with the navy, he was discharged in connection with a suicide attempt and was registered as a psychiatric patient.)
After his release Konovalikhin continued to try to obtain permission to emigrate. He sent a statement to Shchelokov, the Minister of Internal Affairs, and appealed to the UN Human Rights Commission. When on 23 March 1978 he received a refusal from the Kaliningrad OVIR, Konovalikhin again declared a hunger-strike.
At that time proceedings were instituted against him under Article 190-1 of the Russian Criminal Code.
In the town of Sovetsk in Kaliningrad Region, a search was carried out in the flat of Roman Kosterin, a friend of Konovalikhin, in connection with his case.
On 28 March Konovalikhin's own flat was searched. Copies of his letters and statements to various departments were confiscated. Konovalikhin was issued an order to undergo a forensic-psychiatric examination. He was made to sign an undertaking not to leave the town.
At interrogations, the investigator of the Sovetsk Procuracy Kudashkin asked Konovalikhin what the 'Free Trade Union' and the 'Helsinki' Group were.
|
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] | 1,024 |
CommonCrawl
| -0.385748 | 0.338068 | 0.684232 | -0.484859 |
Konovalikhin was placed in the Kaliningrad Region psychiatric hospital to undergo an in-patient psychiatric examination.
On 4 April 1978, the Working Commission to Investigate the Use of Psychiatry for Political Purposes sent a letter to the chief doctor:
"The Working Commission informs you that V. I. Konovalikhin, who is in your hospital awaiting forensic psychiatric examination, was examined in the month of April by a consultant psychiatrist of the Working Commission. As a result of the examination, the following conclusion was reached:
"'On the basis of an objective examination of V. I. Konovalikhin and of information about his medical history given by him, it may be concluded that Konovalikhin Vadim Ivanovich shows at present no symptoms of mental illness, neither has he shown any in the past (when he was interned in psychiatric hospitals).
"He is fully responsible for his actions and behaviour." [Note 7]
The application of compulsory medical treatment to Konovalikhin in connection with charges against him under Article 190-1 of the Russian Criminal Code would be considered by the Working Commission as the use of psychiatry for political purposes.
On 27 April A. Podrabinek sent a similar letter to the Procurator of Sovetsk.
From December 1977 to April 1978 Tamara Alexandrovna Los (b. 1955) of Mineralnye Vody sent seven letters and two telegrams to Brezhnev demanding permission for herself and her family to emigrate. The only reply was summonses to the Procuracy, the police, the KGB and the Town Party Committee, where she was warned that she would be made to answer for 'anti-Soviet agitation and propaganda'.
On 26 February 1978, the head of the passport office notified T. Los that she could leave the USSR with her family. After the forms had been filled in, she was told that she must be examined by a medical commission; the head of the passport office, Romanov, declared to Los that she was mentally ill. Afterwards Los and her family stopped filling in documents.
In May, a consultant psychiatrist of the Working Commission to Investigate the Use of Psychiatry for Political Purposes examined T. Los and concluded that:
Tamara Alexandrovna shows no symptoms of mental illness at present, neither did she ever show any previously. [Note 8]
In 1968 and 1969 Dmitry Mikheyev tried several times to visit his fiancée in Hungary; he was refused permission. The Party committee of the Physics Faculty of Moscow University did not give him a reference in view of his 'political immaturity'. Neither was he permitted to invite his fiancée to Moscow.
In 1970 Mikheyev attempted to leave the USSR using the passport of a foreigner but was arrested in Sheremetevo airport and tried for "attempting to betray the motherland" (CCE 21.2). In October 1977 he was pardoned and released, after which he applied to OVIR; he was told that he needed an invitation from relatives.
In spring 1978 Mikheyev appealed twice to Brezhnev by letter. His statement of 20 April ends:
"I consider it my duty to warn you that I intend to obtain the right to leave the country by using every available legal means. I will not be stopped by any persecution whatsoever.
"I inform you that if my petition is not granted, I will be forced to appeal to world public opinion for help and to publicize all the details of my biography."
Paul Ionovich Solodnik (Chernovtsy, Ukrainskaya ul. 11, kv. 10) is a 'refusenik', as his wife's parents do not give her permission to emigrate. Solodnik is a doctor.
Mikhail Naumovich Livin (Minsk, Kuznechnaya ul. 54, kv. 44) in November 1977 was refused permission to emigrate because of the 'non-consent of his wife's relatives'.
Rafail Mikhailovich Rozhansky (Sverdlovsk, Akademicheskaya ul. 13, kv. 33) in October
|
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] | 1,024 |
CommonCrawl
| -0.12508 | 0.857181 | 1.20606 | -0.054642 |
1977 was refused permission to emigrate as 'his parents are staying in the USSR'. Rozhansky has a sister and an aunt in Israel. He is a construction engineer.
In July 1972 Uriel Gavrielovich Malayev, his parents, his three brothers and his sister applied to emigrate, and in November they received permission. A few days later U. Malayev was told that he and his wife had been refused permission. His parents, sister and brothers left while he stayed. From 1973 to 1977 Uriel Malayev applied again and again and was refused each time. In 1977 Malayev was at last given the 'reason' for the refusal; 'Your relatives live in the USSR!' Malayev is a shoemaker; his wife is a hairdresser.
In 1975 Ilmiya Tashayevich Ashurov (Nalchik, ul. Suvorova 85, kv. 2) handed in his documents for an exit visa and was refused without a reason being given. In 1977 he again handed in his documents and again received a refusal without a reason being given. Ashurov is a metalworker.
Ilya Leibovich Khmelnitsky (Minsk, ul. Kozlova 16, kv. 24) in February 1977 was refused permission to emigrate, for 'security reasons', even though he had never had a security pass.
David Shvarts (Lvov, ul. Kutuzova 34, kv. 2, tel. 74-62-29) was refused permission to leave in June 1977. The reason: he had graduated from Moscow Aeronautical Institute. Shvarts is an automation engineer.
Alexander Bentsionovich Magidovich (Tula, ul. N. Rudneva 60, kv. 65) has been a refusenik since 1973 for 'security reasons', although he stopped working in a factory doing secret work in 1969. Magidovich is a radio engineer, in October 1977 he appealed to the Foreign Minister of Great Britain for help.
On 21 December 1977, a meeting was held at last of representatives of the 'Rossiya' collective farm in the Talovaya district of Voronezh Region (CCE 48). Not one of the people who wished to leave the collective farm was permitted to speak. It was decided by 85 votes against 17 to refuse them permission to leave the collective farm.
The new chairman of the collective farm, A. G. Kuvaldin (the previous one had been promoted to Head of the District Agricultural Administration) and the chairman of the village soviet announced to the inhabitants of Ilynka: 'You will live and work here until the day you die — we will not let you go anywhere.'
The district and regional procuracies replied to complaints, saying there had been no infringement of the democracy of the collective farm, and no reason could be found for the organs of the Procuracy to intervene.
A statement on this subject by the Moscow Helsinki group (document no. 49) says:
What is most shocking is that all this is not contrary to the 'Model Statutes of a Collective Farm'… where … there is not a single word about free departure from the collective farm!
This spring the U S Embassy in the USSR forwarded invitations to approximately 130 Pentecostal families in Estonia and the Leningrad Region. In Leningrad Region they were received; in Estonia they were not.
In April, a large group of Pentecostals from the Caucasus, the Ukraine and Rostov Region appealed to President Carter and the American Government, requesting them to send invitations to them from the USA.
This spring several Pentecostals in Batumi who had handed in their documents to emigrate were deprived of their residence permits, The District Procuracy maintains that they were illegally registered.
The Pentecostals are: A. Temnikova, Z. Bondarenko, N. Noskova, and the Kapustin couple. After their residence permits had been cancelled, they were dismissed from work, whereupon the town authorities ordered them to 'clear out of the town immediately'. The victims complained to Brezhnev, Rudenko,
|
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CommonCrawl
| -0.334294 | 0.23684 | 1.227579 | -0.1318 |
and to the highest Soviet organs of Adzharia and Georgia. There were no answers. In Moscow, in the reception room of the Minister of Internal Affairs, Shchelokov, they were advised to return to Batumi to wait there for a decision on their emigration. When the believers returned to Batumi, the Minister of Internal Affairs of Adzharia ordered them to leave the town immediately.
In March, in the village of Zhaden, Rovno Region (CCE 48), where nearly the entire congregation had handed in their documents to emigrate (approximately 40 families), the chairman of the District Soviet Executive Committee asked all those who wished to emigrate to prepare immediately to leave. He said that their documents would be handed over to them at the border. At the same time, he announced to all the inhabitants of the village that extra kitchen-gardens would be allotted to them (at the expense of those who were leaving, he said). After some time, the authorities' talk about an imminent departure ceased. On the other hand, the pressures on the congregation over the holding of prayer meetings in the village eased.
In places where there are no people wishing to emigrate (in Bystrichai, Mokvin, Kholopy, Drokhovo and other villages of Berezno district) believers are not allowed to meet, they are fined, and prayer- meetings are interfered with.
On 18 April, the newspaper Sovetskaya Kuban again published an article containing harsh attacks against the Pentecostal Presbyter of Starotitarovskaya Settlement, N. P. Goretoi (CCEs 47, 48). The author of the article 'Bitter is the Bread of Foreign Lands', A. Zenkov, writes that Goretoi 'repeatedly went to Moscow with the purpose of passing slanderous information to foreign representatives' and also that he 'continues to incite believers to send slanderous statements to various departments'. On 22 April, the article was published again, in the newspaper Tamanets.
The Pentecostals of Starotitarovskaya sent collective and individual letters to the editorial offices of these newspapers. They accuse Zenkov of slandering and harassing their presbyter. [Note 9]
Victor Vasilyev of Vilnius (CCE 48) sent another statement to the 'Government of Lithuania and the USSR'. Attached to the statement were the signatures of 58 of Vasilyev's fellow-workers, who were in accord with his emigration.
On 29 March Vasilyev was summoned by the Deputy Minister of Internal Affairs of the Lithuanian SSR Major-General 2imbulis. He told Vasilyev that if he continued to try to obtain permission to emigrate, imprisonment or a psychiatric hospital awaited him.
Teodor and Otilia Dymko (CCE 46) again appealed to the Chancellor of the F R G to help them emigrate. Teodor Dymko's father, two brothers and two sisters are in the FRG. The Dymko couple have renounced their Soviet citizenship; they do not vote. They have eight children (the eldest is 16, the youngest is two).
In 1965 Alexander Miller, wishing to emigrate and seeing no legal means of doing so, attempted to cross the Soviet-Turkish border, but was arrested by border guards. He was held in prison for six months and in a psychiatric hospital for seven, after which he was released.
In January 1977, his sister emigrated from Latvia to the FRG. Having received an invitation from her, on 4 October Miller handed in his documents to emigrate to the Bukhara OVIR. On 21 December he was refused on the grounds that his mother was staying in the USSR. On 23 December Miller sent a statement requesting permission to emigrate to the M V D of the Uzbek S S R. The statement ends:
"In one of the issues of the weekly paper Abroad, a letter from a Jewish Emigre who recently left the USSR was published. He wrote that his emigration had been a tragic mistake and that he was prepared to spend five years in prison in order to return to the USSR.
"I, Miller Alexander, am willing to spend five years in prison if I am guaranteed that after my
|
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CommonCrawl
| -0.192328 | 0.537926 | 0.551534 | -0.323745 |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec: introduction}
In Kitaev's seminal paper~\cite{kit:09}, gapped phases of free fermions, such as topological insulators and superconductors, were classified according to \emph{K}-theory, exhibiting Bott periodicity -- twofold in the complex case and eightfold in the real case. The impact of this result cannot be understated as it resulted in a paradigm shift. Not only did it allow physicists to comprehend new phases of matter which do not follow the traditional Landau-Ginzburg paradigm of symmetry breaking and local order parameters, bringing sophisticated mathematics into condensed matter, but also because it unified previously known results on topological phases, such as the integer quantum Hall effect~\cite{tknn:82}, the Majorana chain~\cite{kit:01} and the quantum spin Hall effect~\cite{kan:mel:05, kan:mel:05:2}, and, moreover, predicted phases that were not known to exist. Following Kitaev's pioneering work, other phases of matter were classified within the same spirit. More concretely, appropriate versions of \emph{K}-theory have been used to classify other phases of matter, to name a few, Floquet insulators~\cite{roy:har:17}, topological crystalline materials~\cite{shi:sat:gom:17,steh:18, cor:chap:19}, and also topological phases of non-Hermitian systems~\cite{gon:18}. There is even a monograph dedicated to complex topological insulators from the point of view of \emph{K}-theory of $C^*$-algebras, with emphasis in the bulk-to-boundary principle~\cite{pro:sch:16}.
An account of the mathematics of Bott periodicity has also been presented in condensed-matter literature. In Ref.~\cite{stone:10}, for instance, they begin with a symmetry group, the unitary for the complex case and the real orthogonal for the real case, and by adding symmetry-breaking operators, they uncover the periodic pattern (modulo $2$ and modulo $8$, for the complex and real cases, respectively) of associated symmetric spaces in the stable limit. In this same reference, it is mentioned that the \emph{K}-theory groups have a product structure, and the authors wonder about the possible natural interpretation of the product in the context of gapped phases.
In the present paper, we will focus on the charge-conserving topological phases of gapped free fermions which are described by complex \emph{K}-theory. In this setup, we will provide an in-depth review of how the \emph{K}-theory groups emerge in this setting, while giving emphasis to the reduced \emph{K}-groups, representing the non-trivial piece which forgets about the number of bands, and the product structure -- a novel ingredient brought from the mathematics of \emph{K}-theory. We will use three alternative equivalent descriptions of complex \emph{K}-theory, which can be advantageous from the physical point of view. Namely, Hamiltonians, (Fermi) projectors and vector bundles. The first two are the most familiar to condensed matter physics and make clear contact with physical systems. The last one is the classical mathematical point of view from Atiyah~\cite{ati:89}. The product structure is presented in detail. We review complex Bott periodicity, using a version of Bott's original construction which turns out to be equivalent, in \emph{K}-theory, to the (external tensor) product by a Dirac monopole defined over the two-sphere. Our main result is that by introducing the \emph{K}-cohomology ring, which contains information on Hamiltonians graded by the possible Clifford symmetries and also has a product, one can use the K\"unneth formula to prove that the \emph{K}-cohomology of the $d$-dimensional Brillouin zone is generated in terms of the well-known Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) chain. In particular, we find the particularly remarkable result that the product of two SSH chains is a Chern insulator, an example of which is the paradigmatic Haldane anomalous Hall insulator~\cite{hal:88}.
The paper is organized as follows. Section~\ref{sec: topological phases of free fermions over X and the functor K} contains the review on complex \emph{K}-theory in the context of gapped
|
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ArXiv
| 1.541327 | 2.829814 | 1.679471 | 1.938803 |
phases of free fermions, while introducing the product structure. In Sec.~\ref{subsec: K^0(X) and topological phases without Clifford symmetries}, we focus on $K^0(X)$, which appears in the absence of any symmetries other than charge symmetry. In Sec.~\ref{subsec: K^-1(X) and topological phases with a single Clifford symmetry}, we focus on $K^{-1}(X)$, which appears when one imposes one Clifford symmetry, such as chiral symmetry. In Sec.~\ref{subsubsec: K-1 and suspensions}, we relate the $\widetilde{K}^{0}$ and $K^{-1}$ groups through suspensions. In Sec.~\ref{subsec: K^-2(X), tildeK^0(S^2X) and topological phases with two Clifford symmetries: Bott periodicity}, we deal with $K^{-2}(X)$ and Bott periodicity. Finally, in Sec.~\ref{sec: Kunneth formula and SSH times SSH equals Chern insulator}, we provide the definition of the \emph{K}-cohomology together with its ring structure, while presenting, in Sec.~\ref{subsec: ssh times ssh equals chern and k* bzd}, our main results that the \emph{K}-cohomology of the $d$-dimensional Brillouin zone is generated by SSH chains and SSH times SSH equals Chern insulator, and, in Sec.~\ref{subsec: relation to the topological invariant description}, the derived consequences for the associated topological invariants.
\section{Topological phases of free fermions over $X$ and the functor $K$}
\label{sec: topological phases of free fermions over X and the functor K}
In the following, we recall the arguments that relate complex, i.e. charge conserving, gapped phases of free fermions to \emph{K}-theory. We will put emphasis on three alternative equivalent descriptions of complex \emph{K}-theory: Hamiltonians, (Fermi) projectors, and vector bundles. The discussion is by no means complete and we omit details of known proofs. Therefore, we redirect the reader to standard references on \emph{K}-theory such as Refs.~\cite{ati:89, kar:08, hat:03}, and~\cite{par:08} for the connection with idemptotents and invertibles, which is quite natural in the physical context of free fermions. We will also review Bott periodicity in the present context, which can be seen as mapping a family of Hamiltonians over a space to a generalized Dirac monopole-like associated family over the Cartesian product of the original space by a two-sphere $S^2$, which is the same, up to deformation, to the homotopy equivalence presented by Bott in his original work from Refs.~\cite{bot:57, bot:59} -- see Eq.~\eqref{eq: generalized Dirac monopole}. In the process, we emphasize the fact that gapped topological phases of free fermions come equipped with a product, other than the direct sum, induced by the external tensor product of vector bundles, motivating the main results of the paper presented in Sec.~\ref{sec: Kunneth formula and SSH times SSH equals Chern insulator}.
\subsection{$K^0(X)$ and topological phases without Clifford symmetries}
\label{subsec: K^0(X) and topological phases without Clifford symmetries}
Suppose we are given a family of charge conserving free fermion Hamiltonians parametrized by a topological space $X$ which is compact, connected, and Hausdorff, namely,
\begin{align}
\label{eq: second quantized Hamiltonian}
\mathcal{H}(x)=\sum_{j,k=1}^{N}a^{\dagger}_j h_{jk}(x)a_k,\ x\in X,
\end{align}
where $\{a^{\dagger}_j\}_{j=1}^{N}$ denote fermion creation operators, and $H(x)=[h_{jk}(x)]_{1\leq j,k\leq N}$ is an Hermitian matrix whose entries are continuous functions. For convenience, we will also assume that $X$ is a pointed space, i.e., it comes equipped with a choice of a point $x_0\in X$. Here $X$ can be the $d$-dimensional Brillouin zone $\textnormal{BZ}^d$, see Sec.~\ref{sec: Kunneth formula and SSH times SSH equals Chern insulator}, but it can
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] | 1,024 |
ArXiv
| 0.671868 | 2.653316 | 0.693199 | 1.189996 |
also be the space of parameters of the theory, such as the possible hopping amplitudes or fluxes thread through the system. In the case that $X=\textnormal{BZ}^d$, the fermionic creation and annihilation operators also depend on the momentum $\bf{k}\in \textnormal{BZ}^d$, but they are globally defined so the representation of Eq.~\eqref{eq: second quantized Hamiltonian} is an effective valid description. We remark that one can relax the compactness condition on $X$ to be locally compact, by taking suitable boundary conditions at ``infinity'' (one point compactification)-- compare the definitions below to those in Sec.~2.6 of Ref.~\cite{par:08}. See also Kitaev's discussion on continuous systems and Dirac operators in Ref.~\cite{kit:09}.
The statement that the continuous family $\{\mathcal{H}(x)\}_{x\in X}$ is charge conserving means that the total charge
\begin{align}
Q=\sum_{j=1}^{N}a^\dagger_ja_j,
\end{align}
commutes with $\mathcal{H}(x)$ for all $x\in X$. From now on, we will identify $\{\mathcal{H}(x)\}_{x\in X}$ with $\{H(x)\}_{x\in X}$, since they are in one-to-one correspondence. Alternatively, we can just think of the continuous family $\{H(x)\}_{x\in X}$ as a continuous map $H:X\to \mbox{M}(N;\mathbb{C})$,
\begin{align}
H: X\ni x\mapsto H(x)\in \mbox{M}(N;\mathbb{C}),
\end{align}
where $\mbox{M}(N;\mathbb{C})$ denotes the set of $N\times N$ matrices with complex entries, and simply write it as $H$.
For the family $\{H(x)\}_{x\in X}$ or, equivalently, for $H$ to be \emph{admissible}, it must satisfy a gap condition. The gap condition adopted in Ref.~\cite{kit:09} is that the eigenvalues of $H(x)$ satisfy $\alpha \leq \lambda \leq \alpha^{-1}$, with $\alpha \in (0,1]$, for every $x\in X$. This condition assumes that the Fermi level $E_F$ of the system is set to zero. Within this set of admissible families we will impose an equivalence relation that identifies those families which belong to the same ``phase.''
The first classification principle is that of \emph{adiabatic continuity} or \emph{homotopy}. Namely, we say that two families $H_0:X\to \mbox{M}(N;\mathbb{C})$ and $H_1:X\to \mbox{M}(N;\mathbb{C})$ of admissible Hamiltonians are adiabatically connected or, equivalently, \emph{homotopic}, if there is a continuous path of admissible families that joins the two, i.e., if there is an admissible family $H:[0,1]\times X\to \mbox{M}(N;\mathbb{C})$ such that
\begin{align}
H(0,x)=H_0(x) \text{ and } H(1,x)=H_1(x) \text{ for all } x\in X.
\end{align}
The map $H:[0,1]\times X\to \mbox{M}(N;\mathbb{C})$ defines a homotopy between the two families, within the space of admissible families. Adiabatic connectivity defines an equivalence relation within the set of admissible families. By spectral flattening, one can show that every family has a representative with the property that
\begin{align}
H(x)^2=I_N, \text{ for every } x\in X,
\end{align}
where $I_N$ is the $N\times N$ identity matrix. The homotopy is explicitly given by $(1-t)H(x)+t \;\mbox{sgn}\left(H(x)\right)$, where $\mbox{sgn}(\cdot)$ is the sign function. The representative constructed only carries information about the \emph{Fermi projector}
\begin{align}
P(x)=\Theta(-H(x)),\ x\in X,
\end{align}
where $\Theta(\cdot)$ is the Heaviside step function. Indeed, $H(
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] | 1,024 |
ArXiv
| 0.813155 | 2.58064 | 0.119367 | 1.184937 |
x)=I_N-2P(x)$. By this discussion, we see that, under homotopy, it is enough to begin with the set of continuous families of orthogonal projectors $\{P(x)\}_{x\in X}$, denoted also by the associated map $P:X\to\mbox{M}(N;\mathbb{C})$, and identify those that differ by homotopy. From now on we will think of $H$ also in terms of the associated family of orthogonal projectors $P$.
To be able to arrive at a notion of topological phases which is independent of $N$, we consider the inclusions $\mbox{M}(N;\mathbb{C})\subset \mbox{M}(N+1;\mathbb{C})$,
\begin{align}
\mbox{M}(N;\mathbb{C})\ni P\mapsto P\oplus 0 =\left[\begin{array}{cc}
P & 0\\
0 & 0
\end{array}\right]\in \mbox{M}(N+1;\mathbb{C}),
\end{align}
and consider the direct limit $\mbox{M}(\mathbb{C})=\lim\limits_{\longrightarrow} \mbox{M}(N;\mathbb{C})$, where we take the disjoint union $\coprod_{N\in\mathbb{N}} \mbox{M}(N;\mathbb{C})$ and quotient by the equivalence relation $P\sim P\oplus 0$, for every $P\in\mbox{M}(N;\mathbb{C})$ and $N\in\mathbb{N}$. In the direct limit, we can think of each finite dimensional matrix as a matrix which differs from the zero infinite matrix by a finite number of entries. The inclusion $\mbox{M}(N;\mathbb{C})\subset \mbox{M}(N+1;\mathbb{C})$ takes a family of orthogonal projectors $\{P(x)\}_{x\in X}$, with $P(x)\in \mbox{M}(N;\mathbb{C})$, and produces an orthogonal projector in $\mbox{M}(\mathbb{C})$. Observe however that this direct limit construction fails to preserve the gap condition if we take $\{H(x)\}_{x\in X}$ and identify it with a family with values in $\mbox{M}(\mathbb{C})$ by adding zeros. However, if $P\in \mbox{M}(N;\mathbb{C})$ is an orthogonal projector, then the matrix $I_{N+1}-2P\oplus 0\in \mbox{M}(N+1;\mathbb{C})$ still satisfies the gap condition. So, in terms of projectors, the construction above is perfectly legitimate in the sense that it preserves the gap condition. We could, however, observe that the gap condition implies that $H(x)$ is invertible and so is an element of $\mbox{GL}(N;\mathbb{C})$. The obvious direct limit construction would be to take the direct limit $\mbox{GL}(\mathbb{C})=\lim\limits_{\longrightarrow} \mbox{GL}(N;\mathbb{C})$, where every finite dimensional invertible matrix is thought of as an infinite matrix different from the infinite identity matrix from a finite number of entries. This is perfectly well defined, so we can think of the Hamiltonian as a continuous map $H:X\to \mbox{GL}(\mathbb{C})$.
From here on, we think of the family $\{P(x)\}_{x\in X}$ as a continuous map $P:X\to \mbox{M}(\mathbb{C})$, where $\mbox{M}(\mathbb{C})$ has the direct limit topology, i.e., a set is open if and only if the intersection with $\mbox{M}(N;\mathbb{C})$ is open for all $N\in\mathbb{N}$.
The resulting set of equivalence classes has the structure of what is called an \emph{Abelian monoid}, i.e., a set which has a binary, closed, associative, and commutative operation with unit. This operation is direct sum and the zero element given by the zero matrix. A given continuous family of $N\times N$ orthogonal projectors $\{P(x)\}_{x\in X}$ has a topological vector bundle associated to it in a natural way, namely the vector bundle $\mbox{Im}\; P\to X$, whose fiber over $x\in X$ is the vector subspace $\mbox{Im}\; P(x)\subset\mathbb{C}^n$. Conversely, due to the result that every topological vector bundle over a compact Hausdorff space $X$ is isomorphic to a subbundle of the trivial bundle $X\times \mathbb{C}^N$ for some $N\in\mathbb{N}$ (
|
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] | 1,024 |
ArXiv
| 0.511561 | 2.44567 | -0.726138 | 0.549969 |
see, for instance, Propositions~1.7.9 to 1.7.12 of Ref.~\cite{par:08}), every vector bundle, up to isomorphism, arises in this way. Moreover, if we have a vector bundle over $[0,1]\times X$, then we have a family of orthogonal projectors $\{P(t,x)\}_{(t,x)\in[0,1]}$ providing a homotopy between $\{P(0,x)\}_{x\in X}$ and $\{P(1,x)\}_{x\in X}$. The associated vector bundle $\mbox{Im}\;P$ restricted to $\{0\}\times X$ is isomorphic to $\mbox{Im}\;P$ restricted to $\{1\}\times X$. This result on homotopy invariance of vector bundles can be obtained using a version of the Tietze extension theorem and the existence of partitions of unity (see Lemma~1.4.3 of Atiyah's lectures\cite{ati:89}). Thus, we conclude that homotopic projectors give rise to isomorphic vector bundles. Moreover, if we have isomorphic vector bundles, then we can build a bundle over $[0,1]\times X$ with the two bundles corresponding to the restrictions to $\{0\}\times X$ and $\{1\}\times X$, respectively. To see this, one first realizes that if we have isomorphic vector bundles $E,F$, and without loss of generality we can assume $E,F\subset X\times \mathbb{C}^N$, associated to families of projectors $\{P^E(x)\}_{x\in X}$ and $\{P^F(x)\}_{x\in X}$, then there exists a continuous map $S:X\to \mbox{GL}(2N;\mathbb{C})$ with the property that $P^F\oplus 0_N=S(P^E\oplus 0_N)S^{-1}$ (see the proof of Proposition~1.7.6 of Ref.~\cite{par:08}). Then, one proves that projectors which satisfy this similarity relation are homotopic in double the dimension, using the homotopy
\begin{align}
T_t = (S \oplus 0_{2N})R_t (S^{-1} \oplus 0_{2N})R_{t}^{t},
\end{align}
where $R_t=\left[\begin{array}{cc}
\cos\left(\frac{\pi t}{2}\right) I_{2N} & -\sin\left(\frac{\pi t}{2}\right)I_{2N}\\
\sin\left(\frac{\pi t}{2}\right)I_{2N} & \cos\left(\frac{\pi t}{2}\right)I_{2N}
\end{array}\right]$, which interpolates between $I_{4N}$ and $S\oplus S^{-1}$, one has that $T_t(P^E\oplus 0_{N}\oplus 0_{2N})T_t^{-1}$ interpolates between $P^E\oplus 0_{3N}$ and $P^F\oplus 0_{3N}$. Thus, isomorphic vector bundles give rise to homotopic families of orthogonal projectors. This discussion shows that the isomorphism classes of vector bundles are in one-to-one correspondence with homotopy classes of families of orthogonal projectors. Additionally, the direct sum of orthogonal projectors yields precisely the Whitney direct sum of vector bundles and we can identify the set of equivalence classes of orthogonal projectors. In other words, what we have just built is the monoid of isomorphism classes of topological vector bundles over $X$, denoted $(\mbox{Vect}(X),\oplus)$. To turn this into an Abelian group, one considers the Grothendieck group completion of the monoid, which in terms of vector bundles is to consider $\mbox{Vect}(X)\times \mbox{Vect}(X)$, i.e., pairs of isomorphism classes of vector bundles $([E],[F])$ and quotient by the equivalence relation
\begin{align}
&([E],[F])\sim ([E'],[F']) \nonumber\\
&\Leftrightarrow\! \exists Q:\! E\oplus F'\oplus Q \cong E'\oplus F\oplus Q,
\end{align}
where $\cong$ denotes vector bundle isomorphism.
One often writes the equivalence class of $([E],[F])$ as a formal difference $[E]-[F]$. The addition of classes is given in terms of the Whitney sum as $([E_1]-
|
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] | 1,024 |
ArXiv
| 0.408992 | 2.539111 | -0.318628 | 0.666337 |
[F_1])+([E_2]-[F_2])=[E_1\oplus E_2]-[F_1\oplus F_2]$. The zero element can be written as $[E]-[E]$ for any vector bundle $E$ and $-([E]-[F])=[F]-[E]$. The resulting Abelian group is known as $K^0(X)$ or simply $K(X)$ -- the complex topological \emph{K}-theory group of $X$.
Any element $[E]-[F]$ can be represented by $[E]-[\theta^n]$, where $\theta^n=X\times\mathbb{C}^n$ denotes the trivial bundle for some rank $n$. The reason is that, as explained above, due to the existence of partitions of unity over $X$ and the Tietze extension theorem, every vector bundle over $X$ is isomorphic to a subbundle of some trivial bundle. In terms of projectors, for any family $\{P(x)\}_{x\in X}$ of $N\times N$ orthogonal projectors, we can define an orthogonal complement family
\begin{align}
Q(x)=I_N-P(x),
\end{align}
so that $\mbox{Im}\; P\oplus \mbox{Im}\;Q=\theta^N$. If $[E]$ is an isomorphism class of vector bundles, we denote by $[E^\perp]$ the class obtained by considering the orthogonal complement family of projectors. Then
\begin{align}
[E]-[F]&=[E]-[F]+ [F^\perp]-[F^\perp]\nonumber\\
&=[E\oplus F^\perp] -[\theta^N],
\end{align}
for some natural number $N$. It is instructive to realize $K^0(X)$ as equivalence classes of pairs of families of projectors, in which addition is given by direct sum. As before, we denote the difference classes by $[\{P_1(x)\}_{x\in X}]-[\{P_2(x)\}_{x\in X}]$ or simply by $[P_1]-[P_2]$. It is important to note that, if $Q(x)=I_N-P(x)$,
\begin{align}
P\oplus Q \text{ is homotopic to } (P+Q)\oplus 0_N=I_N\oplus 0_N,
\end{align}
and this gives us the equivalent statement in terms of pairs of equivalence classes of families of orthogonal projectors. Namely, there are trivial constant families $\{I_N\}_{x\in X}$, for $N\in\mathbb{N}$, and any $[P_1] -[P_2]$ can be written as
\begin{align}
&[P_1] -[P_2] +[I_N -P_2] -[I_N -P_2(x)]\nonumber\\
&=[P_1\oplus (I_N -P_2)] - [I_N], \text{ for some } N\in\mathbb{N}.
\end{align}
The equivalent statement in terms of Hamiltonians, is that we should think of topological phases as pairs of equivalence classes of families of Hamiltonians and we can take the second family to be a trivial family,
\begin{align}
\mathcal{H}=\sum_{j=1}^{N}\left(a_j^\dagger a_j-a_{N+j}^{\dagger}a_{N+j}\right),
\end{align}
associated with the matrix $H=I_{N}\oplus (-I_N)$. We remark that the approach of taking equivalence classes of orthogonal projectors is equivalent to taking equivalence classes of idempotents, i.e., continuous maps $E:X\to \mbox{M}(\mathbb{C})$ satisfying $E(x)^2=E(x)$ for all $x\in X$. The reason is that any idempotent is homotopic, within the space of idempotents, to some family of orthogonal projectors.
The assignment $X\mapsto K^0(X)$ is \emph{functorial} in the following sense. If we have a morphism of compact Hausdorff topological spaces, i.e., a continuous map $f:X\to Y$ between two such spaces $X$ and $Y$, then there is a group homomorphism $f^{*}:K^0(Y)\to K^0(X)$ in which
\begin{align
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] | 1,024 |
ArXiv
| 0.450427 | 2.518346 | -0.05805 | 0.830771 |
}
K^0(Y)\ni [E]-[F]\mapsto [f^*E] -[f^*F]\in K^0(X),
\end{align}
where $f^*E$ is the pullback bundle whose fiber at $x$ is the fiber of $E$ at $f(x)$. In terms of projectors it just means that given a family $\{P(y)\}_{y\in Y}$, we have a natural family over $X$ given by $\{P(f(x))\}_{x\in X}$. Obviously, if $\mbox{id}_X:X\to X$ is the identity map, the induced map in $\emph{K}$-theory is the identity map. Moreover, if two maps $f,g:X\to Y$ are homotopic, due to homotopy invariance of the induced maps on vector bundles by pullback, they induce the same maps $f^*,g^*:K^0(Y)\to K^0(X)$. Moreover, since pullbacks preserve direct sums, this induces a homomorphism of Abelian groups. In mathematical terms the assignment $X\mapsto K^0(X)$ is a contravariant functor from the category of compact Hausdorff topological spaces to that of Abelian groups.
Taking the reference point $x_0\in X$, the natural inclusion $i:\{x_0\}\to X$ induces a map $i^*: K^0(X)\to K^0(\{x_0\})$. Now $K^0(\{x_0\})\cong \mathbb{Z}$, where the isomorphism is given by $[E]-[F]\mapsto \dim E-\dim F$, or in terms of projectors, it is simply the difference between the ranks of the projectors. The kernel of $i^*$ is known as the reduced \emph{K}-theory group $\widetilde{K}^0(X)=\ker i^*$, also denoted by $\widetilde{K}(X)$. An element $[E]-[F]\in \widetilde{K}^0(X)$ has the property that $[i^*E]-[i^*F]=0$, in other words, the ranks of $E$ and $F$ have to be the same at $x_0$. We can then represent elements of $\widetilde{K}^0(X)$ in the form $[E]-[\theta^{n}]$, where $n=\dim E_{x_0}$. Another equivalent interpretation of $\widetilde{K}^0(X)$ is in terms of \emph{stable equivalence classes of vector bundles over} $X$. Namely, let $[E],[F]\in \mbox{Vect}(X)$ denote isomorphism classes of vector bundles over $X$, and introduce an equivalence relation given by
\begin{align}
[E]\sim_{s}[F] \text{ iff } E\oplus \theta^m\cong F\oplus \theta^n, \text{ for some } m,n.
\end{align}
The set of stable equivalence classes of vector bundles over $X$ is the quotient $\mathcal{E}\mathcal{U}(X)=\mbox{Vect}(X)/\sim_s$. Denote by $[E]_s$ the equivalence class of $[E]$ under the equivalence relation $\sim_s$. Then, if $[E]-[\theta^n]\in\widetilde{K}^0(X)$ we may map it to $[E]_s$. Observe that, in $\widetilde{K}^0(X)$, the equality $[E]-[\theta^n]=[F]-[\theta^m]$ implies there exists a vector bundle $Q$ such that
\begin{align}
E\oplus \theta^m\oplus Q\cong F\oplus \theta^n\oplus Q.
\end{align}
By noting that there exists $Q^{\perp}$ such that $Q\oplus Q^{\perp}\cong \theta^r$ for some $r$, the above condition is equivalent to $[E]_s=[F]_s$. By taking the direct sum of bundles in $\mathcal{E}\mathcal{U}(X)=\mbox{Vect}(X)/\sim_s$, the identification of $\widetilde{K}^0(X)$ with $\mathcal{E}\mathcal{U}(X)$ becomes a group homomorphism. The stable equivalence relation essentially \emph{forgets} about the dimensionality of the vector bundles, and it cares only about the \emph{non-trivial twist} of the bundle.
The \emph{K}-theory $K^0(X)$ is not only a group, but also a \emph{ring
|
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] | 1,024 |
ArXiv
| 0.715341 | 2.684463 | -0.132525 | 0.856069 |
}, with the ring structure induced by tensor product of bundles. Namely, we can define
\begin{align}
&([E_1]-[F_1])([E_2]-[F_2])\nonumber\\
&=[E_1\otimes E_2\oplus F_1\otimes F_2] -[E_1\otimes F_2\oplus F_1\otimes E_2],
\end{align}
for bundles $E_1,E_2,F_1,F_2$ over $X$, and one can check that this is well-defined. Moreover, the pullback as defined before induces ring homomorphisms. By restriction, and because the kernel of a ring homomorphism is an ideal, we get a ring structure on the reduced \emph{K}-theory $\widetilde{K}^0(X)$. Thinking of the identification of $\widetilde{K}^0(X)$ with $\mathcal{E}\mathcal{U}(X)$, we would lake to make the latter into a ring with the same ring structure as the former. One would expect the product of stable isomorphism classes to be related to the tensor product. Indeed, taking $[E]-[\theta^n], [F]-[\theta^m]\in \widetilde{K}^0(X)$, we can write,
\begin{align}
&([E]-[\theta^n])([F]-[\theta^m])\nonumber\\
&=[E\oplus F\oplus \theta^{nm}] -[E\otimes \theta^m\oplus \theta^n\otimes F]\nonumber\\
&=[E\oplus F\oplus E^{\perp}\otimes \theta^m\oplus \theta^n\otimes F^{\perp}\oplus \theta^{mn}]\nonumber\\
&-[(E\oplus E^{\perp})\otimes \theta^{m} \oplus \theta^{n}\otimes (F\oplus F^{\perp})]\nonumber\\
&=[E\oplus F\oplus E^{\perp}\otimes \theta^m\oplus \theta^n\otimes F^{\perp}]-[\theta^{pm+nq-nm}],
\end{align}
where $E^{\perp},F^{\perp}$ are orthogonal complement bundles such that $E\oplus E^{\perp}\cong \theta^{p}$ and $F\oplus F^{\perp}\cong \theta ^q$. So the good definition making $\mathcal{E}\mathcal{U}(X)\cong \widetilde{K}^0(X)$ into a ring isomorphism is to define
\begin{align}
[E]_s*[F]_s&=[E*F]_s\nonumber\\
&=[E\otimes F\oplus E^{\perp}\otimes \theta^m \oplus \theta^n\otimes F^{\perp}]_s,
\end{align}
where we defined the $*$ operation also on vector bundles by the the formula inside the bracket on the right-hand side.
Alternatively, we can think of \emph{stable equivalence classes of projectors} and \emph{stable equivalence classes of Hamiltonians}. That would mean that we would identify a class $[P]-[I_N]\in \widetilde{K}^0(X)$, with $N=\mbox{\textnormal{tr}} P(x_0)$ with a stable equivalence class in the following sense. Recall that $[P]$ is interpreted as a homotopy class of families of orthogonal projectors in $\mbox{M}(\mathbb{C})$. We then impose the further equivalence relation,
\begin{align}
[P_1]\sim_s[P_2] \text{ iff } [P_1\oplus I_n]= [P_2\oplus I_m] \text{ for some } m,n,
\end{align}
and denote the resulting equivalence class of $[P]$ in the quotient space by $[P]_s$.
Similarly, in terms of equivalence classes of Hamiltonians,
\begin{align}
&[H_1]\sim_s [H_2]\nonumber\\
&\text{ iff } [H_1\oplus \left( I_n\oplus \left(-I_n\right)\right)]= [H_2\oplus \left( I_m\oplus \left(-I_m\right)\right)]\nonumber,\\
&\text{ for some } m,n,
\end{align}
and denote the resulting equivalence class of $[P]$ in the quotient space by $[H]_s$. It is not hard to see that the resulting sets are in bijection with $\mathcal{E}\mathcal{U}(X
|
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] | 1,024 |
ArXiv
| 0.262271 | 2.58064 | -0.539867 | 0.380475 |
)$ or $\widetilde{K}^0(X)$, these bijections inducing group isomorphisms. Moreover, we can make it into ring isomorphisms by defining the product as follows. For stable equivalence classes of projectors,
\begin{align}
&[P_1]_s *[P_2]_s=[P_1*P_2]_s\nonumber\\
&= [P_1\otimes P_2 \oplus (I_{n_1}-P_1)\otimes I_{n_2}\oplus I_{n_1}\oplus (I_{n_2}-P_2)]_s,
\end{align}
where $n_i$, $i=1,2$, are the dimensions of the vector spaces where $P_1$ and $P_2$ act, so $I_{n_i}-P_i$, $i=1,2$, are the associated orthogonal projectors. For stable equivalence classes of Hamiltonians,
\begin{align}
&[H_1]_s *[H_2]_s= [H_1*H_2]_s\nonumber\\
&= [H_1\otimes H_2 \oplus (-H_1)\otimes \left(I_{n_2}\oplus \left(-I_{n_2}\right)\right)\nonumber\\
&\oplus \left(I_{n_1}\oplus \left(-I_{n_1}\right)\right)\oplus (-H_2)]_s,
\end{align}
where $n_i$ is the number of negative eigenvalues of $H_i$, $i=1,2$.
The above formula fixes, up to homotopy, what will be the product of two topological phases parametrized by $X$ with no Clifford symmetries. We will illustrate this in an example.
\begin{example}
\label{example:product of dirac monopoles}
This example will show that the product of Dirac monopoles is trivial. Let $X=S^2\subset \mathbb{R}^3$ and take
\begin{align}
\label{eq: Dirac monopole}
H(x)=x^1\sigma_1+x^2\sigma_2+x^3\sigma_3=\vec{x}\cdot\vec{\sigma},
\end{align}
where $\vec{\sigma}=(\sigma_1,\sigma_2,\sigma_3)$ are the Pauli matrices. The associated projector,
\begin{align}
P(x)=\frac{1}{2}\left(1+ H(x)\right),
\end{align}
defines an identification $S^2$ with the rank $1$ orthogonal projectors in $\mathbb{C}^2$ or, equivalently, with the space of one-dimensional subspaces of $\mathbb{C}^2$, i.e., $\mathbb{C}P^1$. The associated bundle $\mbox{Im}\; P\to S^2$ is then identified with the tautological bundle over $\mathbb{C}P^1$, denoted $\mathcal{L}\to \mathbb{C}P^1$, whose fiber over a one dimensional subspace is the subspace itself. In physical terms, the associated bundle is seen as the charge $-1$ Dirac monopole bundle, since the associated Berry curvature can be identified with a magnetic field of a magnetic monopole sitting at the origin of $\mathbb{R}^3$, of topological charge $-1$. This charge is most simply the first Chern number of the bundle $\mbox{Im}\;P\to S^2$. Let us take the external tensor product Hamiltonian:
\begin{align}
\left(H*H\right)(x)&=H(x)\otimes H(x)\oplus \left(-H(x)\right)\otimes\sigma_3\nonumber\\
&\oplus \sigma_3\otimes\left(-H(x)\right).
\end{align}
The associated bundle of positive eigenvalues is isomorphic to
\begin{align}
\mathcal{L}\otimes \mathcal{L}\oplus \mathcal{L}^{\perp}\otimes\theta^1\oplus \theta^1\otimes \mathcal{L}^{\perp},
\end{align}
which is seen to be isomorphic to a trivial bundle because the associated Chern number is $0$. In terms of \emph{K}-theory, this can be seen due to the fact that $S^2$ can be written as the union of two disks which are contractible and, thus, the product in reduced $K$-theory is trivial, see Example $2.13.$ of
|
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ArXiv
| 0.473522 | 2.622169 | 0.061087 | 0.491784 |
Ref.~\cite{hat:03}.
\end{example}
For any $X,Y$, we have the \emph{external tensor product} given by
\begin{align}
\mu:\; & K^0(X)\otimes K^0(Y)\longrightarrow K^0(X\times Y)\nonumber\\
& a\otimes b\longmapsto p_1^*a \; p_2^*b,
\end{align}
where $p_1:X\times Y\to X$ and $p_2:X\times Y\to Y$ are the canonical projections. Restriction to $\widetilde{K}^0(X)\otimes \widetilde{K}^0(Y)$ also yields a map
\begin{align}
\mu: \widetilde{K}^0(X)\otimes \widetilde{K}^0(Y)\longrightarrow \widetilde{K}^0(X\times Y),
\end{align}
in fact, it yields a map to $\widetilde{K}(X\wedge Y)$, known as the \emph{smash product} of $X$ and $Y$, which is obtained by taking the Cartesian product $X\times Y$ and collapsing the subspace corresponding to the \emph{wedge sum} $X\vee Y=\{x_0\}\times Y\sqcup X\times \{y_0\}$. The reason being that $a$ is $0$ as an element of $K(\{x_0\})$ and its pullback by $p_1$ is zero over $\{x_0\}\times Y$ (meaning it maps to zero under the induced map by the inclusion $\{x_0\}\times Y\hookrightarrow X\times Y$) and, similarly, the pullback by $p_2$ of $b$ is zero over $X\times\{y_0\}$. Therefore it maps to zero under the induced map $\widetilde{K}(X\times Y)\to \widetilde{K}(X\vee Y)$ and defines an element of $\widetilde{K}(X\wedge Y)$. See, for example, Ref.~\cite{hat:03} for a detailed proof.
Observe that, as a consequence, we can also define an \emph{external tensor product} of stable equivalence classes of vector bundles by the formula
\begin{align}
\mu: & \mathcal{E}\mathcal{U}(X)\otimes \mathcal{E}\mathcal{U}(Y)\longrightarrow \mathcal{E}\mathcal{U}(X\wedge Y)\nonumber\\
& [E]_s\otimes [F]_s\longmapsto [p_1^*E]_s *[p_2^*F]_s,
\end{align}
and similarly for stable equivalence classes of projectors and Hamiltonians.
The famous theorem of Bott periodicity stems from the fact that $\mu: \widetilde{K}^0(X)\otimes \widetilde{K}^0(S^2)\to \widetilde{K}^0(X\wedge S^2)$ is an isomorphism of Abelian groups. More concretely, if we take $b=[\mathcal{L}]-[\theta^1]\in \widetilde{K}^0(S^2)$, where $\mathcal{L}\to S^2$ is the tautological line bundle, the map $\alpha: a\mapsto a*b\in \widetilde{K}^0(X\wedge S^2)$, for $a\in \widetilde{K}^0(X)$, is an isomorphism of Abelian groups. Observe that in terms of stable equivalence classes of vectors bundles, this corresponds to
\begin{align}
&\mathcal{E}\mathcal{U}(X)\ni [E]_s\mapsto [p_1^*E *p_2^*\mathcal{L}]_s\in \mathcal{E}\mathcal{U}(X\wedge S^2),
\end{align}
where $[p_1^*E*p_2^*\mathcal{L}]_s=[p_1^*E\otimes p_2^*\mathcal{L}\oplus p_1^*E^\perp\otimes \theta^1\oplus \theta^n\otimes p_2^*\mathcal{L}^{\perp}]_s$. For more details on the isomorphism, see Sec.~\ref{subsec: K^-2(X), tildeK^0(S^2X) and topological phases with two Clifford symmetries: Bott periodicity}.
\subsection{$K^{-1}(X)$ and topological phases with a single Clifford symmetry}
\label{subsec: K^-1(X) and topological phases with a single Clifford
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] | 1,024 |
ArXiv
| 0.292158 | 2.507964 | -0.380494 | 0.428541 |
symmetry}
Within the discussion above, we did not address the possibility of having additional generic symmetries. Here the word generic means a symmetry, such as chiral symmetry, that has an implementation at the level of the single particle sector of the theory in terms of a Clifford algebra generator. When we do this, we obtain other $K$-groups. In fact, due to Bott-periodicity, in the complex case, there are only two such groups $K^0(X)$ and $K^1(X)$. Let us describe the latter. Now we consider that our admissible families $\{H(x)\}_{x\in X}$ are $N\times N$ Hermitian gapped matrices satisfying
\begin{align}
H(x)\Gamma=-\Gamma H(x), \text{ for all } x\in X,
\end{align}
for $\Gamma$ a constant matrix with $\Gamma^2=I_N$. Because of this if $\lambda$ is an eigenvalue of $H(x)$ and $v$ an associated eigenvector, then $\Gamma v$ is an eigenvector with eigenvalue $-\lambda$. Since $\Gamma^2=I_N$, $\Gamma$ provides an isomorphism between the positive energy eigenspaces and the negative energy eigenspaces. Because of the gap condition, $N$ must be even. We now replace the $N$ by $2N$. We can choose a basis where
\begin{align}
\Gamma=\left[\begin{array}{cc}
I_N & 0\\
0 & -I_N
\end{array}\right],
\end{align}
and this implies that our allowed families must satisfy
\begin{align}
H(x)=\left[\begin{array}{cc}
0 & U^\dagger(x)\\
U(x) & 0
\end{array}\right],
\end{align}
where $U(x)\in \mbox{U}(N)$ is unitary for each $x\in X$. To get rid of the dimension label, the matrix $\Gamma$ must be rescaled in the appropriate way, one more positive eigenvalue and one more negative eigenvalue at a time. The $N\times N$ unitary matrix $U(x)$ naturally fits in a $(2N+2)\times (2N+2)$ matrix $H(x)$ by taking the inclusion $\mbox{U}(N)\subset \mbox{U}(N+1)$
\begin{align}
\mbox{U}(N)\ni U\mapsto U\oplus 1=\left[\begin{array}{cc}
U & 0\\
0 & 1
\end{array}\right]\in \mbox{U}(N+1).
\end{align}
Taking the direct limit, we get continuous maps $U: X\to \mbox{U}$, where $\mbox{U}=\lim\limits_{\longrightarrow}\mbox{U}(N)$ with the direct limit topology. The homotopy classes of such maps form an Abelian group $K^{-1}(X)$ under the usual matrix multiplication. In a similar fashion to what happened with $K^{0}(X)$, continuous maps $f:X\to Y$, induce group homomorphisms $f^*:K^{-1}(Y)\to K^{-1}(X)$ going in the opposite direction. The minus in the notation for $K^{-1}(X)$ is justified, mathematically, with the fact that the Abelian groups $K^{-n}(X)$, $n\in\mathbb{Z}$, form a \emph{generalized cohomology theory}, and this will be explored in Sec.~\ref{sec: Kunneth formula and SSH times SSH equals Chern insulator}.
\subsubsection{$K^{-1}(X)$ and $\widetilde{K}^0(SX)$}
\label{subsubsec: K-1 and suspensions}
The group $K^{-1}(X)$ as defined above is isomorphic to $\widetilde{K}^0(SX)$, where $SX$ denotes the \emph{suspension of} $X$. Recall that the suspension of $X$ is the topological space obtained from $X\times [0,1]$ by collapsing $X\times \{0\}$ and $X\times \{1\}$ to a point. We will denote by $q:X\times [0,1]\to SX$ the quotient map and the equivalence classes in the quotient by $[(t,x)]=q(t,x)$, where $t\in [0,1]$, $x\in X$. Another important space is the \emph{reduced suspension} $\Sigma
|
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] | 1,024 |
ArXiv
| 0.415105 | 2.435288 | -0.152306 | 0.764998 |
X$ which is the quotient of $SX$ by further collapsing the line $\{x_0\}\times [0,1]$. Note that this space is homeomorphic to $X\wedge S^1$ and also, since $\{x_0\}\times [0,1]$ is contractible within $SX$, it has the same homotopy type of $SX$. As a consequence $\widetilde{K}^0(SX)\cong \widetilde{K}^0(\Sigma X)\cong \widetilde{K}^0(X\wedge S^1)$. In fact, the usual definition of the higher order \emph{K}-groups is, see Refs.~\cite{ati:89, hat:03}, $\widetilde{K}^{-n}(X)=\widetilde{K}(\Sigma^nX)$, for $n\geq 0$ (and defined using Bott periodicity for negative $n$). Since $K^{-1}(\{x_0\})$ is trivial, because the unitary groups are path connected, we have that $K^{-1}(X)\cong \widetilde{K}^{-1}(X)$, the latter defined as the kernel of the group homomorphism induced by the inclusion $i:\{x_0\}\hookrightarrow X$, and the isomorphism we are building is equivalent to $\widetilde{K}^{-1}(X)\cong \widetilde{K}^{0}(SX)$. We will now provide the explicit isomorphism $K^{-1}(X)\cong \widetilde{K}^0(SX)$, within the definitions coming from phases of gapped free fermions.
From a map $U:X\to \mbox{U}(X)$ we can construct a vector bundle over $SX$ by taking the trivial bundle over the \emph{cones} $C_{-}$ and $C_{+}$, corresponding to the projections, respectively, of $X\times[0,1/2]$ and $X\times [1/2,1]$ onto the quotient, and gluing them together in the overlap $X\times\{1/2\}\cong X$ through the ``clutching function'' $U$. In terms of matrices this can be achieved as follows. Define
\begin{align}
\label{eq: suspension hamiltonian}
&H(t,x)=\cos(\pi t)\Gamma +\sin(\pi t) H(x)\nonumber\\
&=\left[\begin{array}{cc}
\cos(\pi t)I_N & \sin(\pi t) U^\dagger(x)\\
\sin(\pi t)U(x) & -\cos(\pi t) I_N
\end{array}\right], \text{ for } (t,x)\in [0,1]\times X.
\end{align}
Observe that $H(0,x)=H(1,x)=\Gamma$, so that $H(x,t)$ defines a family over the suspension $SX$, and $H(1/2,x)=H(x)$. The associated projector,
\begin{align}
P(t,x)=\frac{I_{2N}-H(t,x)}{2},
\end{align}
defines a vector bundle $\mbox{Im}\; P \to SX$ with the desired properties. To see that this is the case, observe that the columns of the matrix
\begin{align}
&v_{-}(t,x)=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1+\tan^2\left(\frac{\pi t}{2}\right)}}\left[\begin{array}{c}
I_N\\
\tan\left(\frac{\pi t}{2}\right) U(x)
\end{array}\right],\nonumber\\
&t\in [0,1), x\in X,
\end{align}
form a basis for the eigenspace of $H(t,x)$ of energy $1$ for every $t\in[0,1)$, $x\in X$. In the same way,
\begin{align}
&v_{+}(t,x)=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1+\cot^2\left(\frac{\pi t}{2}\right)}}\left[\begin{array}{c}
\cot\left(\frac{\pi t}{2}\right) U^\dagger(x)\\
I_N
\end{array}\right],\nonumber\\
&t\in (0,1], x\in X,
\end{align}
When $t=1/2$ and $x\in X$, we have
\begin{align}
v_{-}(1/2,x)=\left[\begin{array}{c}
I_
|
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] | 1,024 |
ArXiv
| 0.229666 | 2.341847 | -0.580438 | 0.219836 |
N\\
U(x)
\end{array}\right] \text{ and }
v_{+}(1/2,x)=\left[\begin{array}{c}
U^{\dagger}(x)\\
I_N
\end{array}\right],
\end{align}
so we have a transition function $g_{+-}(x)=U(x)$ at the equator of the suspension. This construction provides the desired group isomorphism $K^{-1}(X)\cong \widetilde{K}^0(SX)$, namely, the assignment
\begin{align}
K^{-1}(X)\ni[U]\mapsto [P]-[I_N]\in \widetilde{K}^{0}(SX)\subset K^0(SX),
\end{align}
where $N=\mbox{\textnormal{tr}}\; P(t,x)$, for all $t\in [0,1]$, $x\in X$. It is not hard to see that the map is injective, as different homotopy classes of maps $x\mapsto U(x)\in \mbox{U}$ can not be deformed continuously into each other so the resulting bundles can not be isomorphic. To see that this is indeed an isomorphism, we need to check that any element $\widetilde{K}^0(SX)$ occurs in this way. Take a continuous family of orthogonal projectors of rank $N$, $\{P(t,x)\}_{(t,x)\in I\times X}$, where $P(t,x)\in \mbox{M}(M;\mathbb{C})$, where, without loss of generality, we can assume $M>N$, as we will eventually take it as a family with values in $\mbox{M}(\mathbb{C})$. It defines a family over $SX$ if and only if $P(0,x)$ and $P(1,x)$ are both independent of $x\in X$. In this case we have a well-defined class $[P]-[I_N]\in \widetilde{K}^{0}(SX)$. Since $C_{-}$ and $C_{+}$ are contractible in $SX$, it means that the restriction of $\{P(t,x)\}_{(t,x)\in I\times X}$ to these subspaces provide homotopies to constant orthogonal projectors. Define $P(x)=P(1/2,x)$, $x\in X$. Then $P(x)$ is homotopic to a constant orthogonal projector, through $\{P(t,x)\}_{[(t,x)]\in C_{-}}$ and through $\{P(t,x)\}_{[(t,x)]\in C_{+}}$. Equivalently, the associated bundles $E_{\pm}:=\mbox{Im}\;P|_{C_{\pm}}$ are trivializable, trivializations which can be chosen to be unitary. The relation between them at the overlap $C_{+}\cap C_{-}=\{1/2\}\times X\cong X$ is provided by a unitary matrix $U:X\to \mbox{U}(N)$. Up to homotopy, we can always reconstruct $\{P(t,x)\}_{[(t,x)]\in SX}$ from the homotopy class of $U:x\mapsto U(x)\in \mbox{U}(N)$. From $U$, build the Hamiltonian
\begin{align}
H(t,x)=\cos(\pi t) \Gamma +\sin(\pi t) H(x),
\end{align}
with
\begin{align}
H(x)=\left[\begin{array}{cc}
0 & U^\dagger(x)\\
U(x) & 0
\end{array}\right],
\end{align}
which concludes the proof. It is useful to extend the map to a loop of unitaries. Observe that at $t=1$, $H(t,x)=-\Gamma$. We can extend the map by declaring that from $1\leq t\leq 2$, we have
\begin{align}
H(t,x)=\cos(\pi t) \Gamma +\sin(\pi t)H_0,
\end{align}
with
\begin{align}
H_0=\left[\begin{array}{cc}
0 & I_N\\
I_N & 0
\end{array}\right].
\end{align}
The resulting map satisfies $H(0,x)=\Gamma=H(2,x)$ and, thus, defines a loop of Hamiltonians with no Clifford symmetries. The map we have just built is essentially $\lambda:
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] | 1,024 |
ArXiv
| 0.011622 | 2.196495 | -0.973602 | 0.135722 |
\mbox{U}(N)\to \Omega G_N$, as described in Ref.~\cite{bot:59} where $G_{N}=\mbox{U}(2N)/\left(\mbox{U}(N)\times\mbox{U}(N)\right)$ is the \emph{Grassmannian} of $N$-planes in $\mathbb{C}^{2N}$ which can be identified with the orthogonal projectors of rank $N$ is $\mathbb{C}^{2N}$, or the set of Hermitian matrices in $\mathbb{C}^{2N}$ satisfying $H^2=I_N$ and having $N$ negative eigenvalues. The space $\Omega X$ is the \emph{loop space} of $X$, which is the space of based loops in $X$.
\subsection{$K^{-2}(X)$, $\widetilde{K}^0(S^2X)$ and topological phases with two Clifford symmetries: Bott periodicity}
\label{subsec: K^-2(X), tildeK^0(S^2X) and topological phases with two Clifford symmetries: Bott periodicity}
Next, we consider adding another Clifford symmetry $\Gamma_2$ and see that it reproduces the group $K^0(X)$. We let $\Gamma_1=\Gamma$ be defined as before and pick a fixed choice of $\Gamma_2$ satisfying
\begin{align}
\Gamma_i\Gamma_j+\Gamma_j\Gamma_i=2\delta_{ij}I_{2N},\ i,j=1,2.
\end{align}
One such choice is given by
\begin{align}
\Gamma_2=\left[\begin{array}{cc}
0_{N} & -i I_{N}\\
i I_{N} & 0_{N}
\end{array}\right].
\end{align}
Now we look for continuous families of $N\times N$ Hermitian matrices $\{H(x)\}_{x\in X}$ such that
\begin{align}
&H(x)^2=I_{2N} \text{ and } H(x)\Gamma_i +\Gamma_iH(x)=0,\nonumber\\
& \text{ for } i=1,2 \text{ and for all } x\in X.
\end{align}
It is not hard to show that these matrices have the form
\begin{align}
\label{Eq:Hamiltonian 2-Clifford symmetric}
H(x)=\left[\begin{array}{cc}
0_{N} & h(x)\\
h(x) & 0_{N}
\end{array}\right],
\end{align}
where $h(x)$ is an $N\times N$ Hermitian matrix and squares to the identity. It is clear that these families are completely determined by the $N\times N$ blocks $h(x)$, which in turn are determined by the orthogonal projector $p(x)=\Theta(-h(x))$. To get rid of the dependence on $N$, we must rescale both matrices $\Gamma_1$ and $\Gamma_2$ appropriately. The replacement $N\to N+1$ in these matrices is naturally accompanied by the inclusion
\begin{align}
h(x)\mapsto h(x)\oplus 1,
\end{align}
which in terms of the projector $p(x)$ means
\begin{align}
p(x)\mapsto p(x)\oplus 0.
\end{align}
Taking the direct limit and imposing the homotopy equivalence relation, we again obtain the monoid $(\mbox{Vect}(X),\oplus)$ and the Grothendieck group completion retrieves $K^0(X)$. Hence, what we would logically call $K^{-2}(X)$ is naturally isomorphic to $K^0(X)$. This is a manifestation of \emph{Bott periodicity} in physics. In Appendix~\ref{sec:2-fold bott periodicity}, we look at it from a different perspective again using the suspension construction, and show how the Dirac monopole or, equivalently, the tautological bundle over the sphere $\mathcal{L}\to S^2$ plays an important role in it. In particular, what we show there is that $\widetilde{K}^{-2}(X)$ which, under the above definition, is naturally identified with $\widetilde{K}^{0}(X)$, is isomorphic to $\widetilde{K}^{0}(X\wedge S^2)=\widetilde{K}^{0}(\Sigma^2X
|
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] | 1,024 |
ArXiv
| 0.325103 | 2.424906 | -0.214621 | 0.499374 |
)$, which is the usual definition of $\widetilde{K}^{-2}(X)$. The isomorphism is given by taking the external tensor product with a Dirac monopole.
This concludes our digression through complex \emph{K}-theory and Bott periodicity in the context of gapped phases of free fermions.
\section{K\"unneth formula and ``SSH times SSH equals Chern insulator''}
\label{sec: Kunneth formula and SSH times SSH equals Chern insulator}
From the Abelian groups $K^0(X)$ and $K^{-1}(X)$ one can build a graded group
\begin{align}
K^{*}(X)&=K^0(X)\oplus K^1(X)\nonumber\\
&\cong K(\{x_0\})\oplus \widetilde{K}^{0}(X)\oplus \widetilde{K}^{-1}(X),
\end{align}
known as the \emph{K-cohomology group of} $X$. Observe that this group stores information of complex gapped topological phases of free fermions with an arbitrary number of Clifford symmetries, so it is natural to consider it as a whole. Note that the grading is precisely given by the number of Clifford symmetries $\mod 2$.
If we take the usual definition $\widetilde{K}^{-i}(X)=\widetilde{K}^0(X\wedge S^i)$, we have a product
\begin{align}
\label{eq: product in k-cohomology}
\mu: \widetilde{K}^0(X\wedge S^i)\otimes \widetilde{K}^0(Y\wedge S^j)\to &\widetilde{K}^0(X\wedge S^i \wedge X\wedge S^j)\nonumber\\
&= \widetilde{K}^0\left((X\wedge Y)\wedge S^{i+j}\right),
\end{align}
because for any compact Hausdorff spaces $X,Y,Z$, we have that $X\wedge (Y \wedge Z)\cong (X\wedge Y)\wedge Z$ and $X\wedge Y\cong Y\wedge X$, and $S^i\wedge S^j\cong S^{i+j}$ (see Ref.~\cite{ati:89} or Ref.~\cite{hat:03}, for instance). One uses the Bott class to provide isomorphisms $\widetilde{K}^{i}(X)\cong \widetilde{K}^{i+2}(X)$, for every $i$. Finally, to extend the product to the unreduced \emph{K}-groups~\cite{hat:03}, one can use the fact that $K^{-i}(X)=\widetilde{K}^{-i}(X_{+})$, with $X_{+}=X\sqcup\text{pt}$, where $\text{pt}$ denotes a point, and $i=0,1$. Indeed, $\widetilde{K}^{0}(X_{+})=K^0(X)$ and, since $X_{+}\wedge S^1\cong(X\wedge S^1)\vee S^1$, we have that $\widetilde{K}^{-1}(X_{+})=\widetilde{K}(X_{+}\wedge S^1)=\widetilde{K}^{-1}(X)\oplus \widetilde{K}^0(S^1)=\widetilde{K}^{-1}(X)\oplus \widetilde{K}^0(S^1)=\widetilde{K}^{-1}(X)$, because vector bundles over the $S^1$ are trivializable (since the general linear group is path connected) and because~\cite{hat:03} $\widetilde{K}^0(X\vee Y)\cong \widetilde{K}^0(X)\oplus \widetilde{K}^0(Y)$, for any compact Hausdorff spaces $X,Y$. Using the maps induced by the diagonal map $\Delta: X\hookrightarrow X\times X$, given by $x\mapsto (x,x)$, for all $x\in X$, one obtains a $\mathbb{Z}_2$-graded product defining a ring structure on $K^{*}(X)$, which can be shown to satisfy $ab=(-1)^{ij}ba$, for $a\in K^{i}(X), b\in K^{j}(X)$ and $i,j\in \{0,1\}$(because exchanging the two factors involves a permutation of $S^i$ and $S^j$ factors in $S^i\wedge S^j$, which in \emph{K}-theory yields the sign of the permutation-- see, for instance, Lemma~2.4.11 of A
|
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] | 1,024 |
ArXiv
| 0.386576 | 2.404141 | -0.085421 | 0.276755 |
tiyah's lectures~\cite{ati:89}).
One can show that the product $\mu$ (for spaces of finite type) defines a ring isomorphism:
\begin{align}
\label{eq:kunneth}
K^*(X\times Y)\cong K^*(X)\otimes K^{*}(Y),
\end{align}
known as the K\"unneth theorem, see Ref.~\cite{par:08}.
Before proceeding, we would like to remark that the K\"{u}nneth theorem of Eq.~\eqref{eq:kunneth} is, in its origin, different from the K\"unneth theorem in ordinary cohomology. The K\"unneth formula in complex \emph{K}-theory is of a different nature as the objects considered are formal differences of isomorphism classes of vector bundles over a given Hausdorff compact topological space and not closed differential forms over a smooth manifold, nor Abelian \v{C}ech cocyles. In particular, the K\"unneth formula for ordinary cohomology appears in previous works in condensed-matter literature and, more precisely, in research works on topological phases, for example in Ref.~\cite{ann:kim:kim:yang:18}, within the context of Eq.~(41) and the discussion below. The K\"unneth formula there refers to ordinary cohomology, rather than the generalized cohomology associated with complex \emph{K}-theory.
\subsection{``SSH times SSH equals Chern insulator'' and $K^*(\textnormal{BZ}^d)=\Lambda(\textnormal{SSH}_1,...,\textnormal{SSH}_d)$}
\label{subsec: ssh times ssh equals chern and k* bzd}
As a consequence of the K\"unneth theorem, we have the following main result of our paper relating band insulators in $1$ and $2$ dimensions with charge symmetry, and more generally relating band insulators in $1$ dimension and those in $d$ dimensions.
\begin{example}
\label{example:BZ2 and BZ1, BZd}
This example will show that $K^*(\textnormal{BZ}^2)=\Lambda(\text{SSH}_1,\text{SSH}_2)$ and, more generally, $K^*(\textnormal{BZ}^d)=\Lambda(\text{SSH}_1,...,\text{SSH}_d)$, where $\text{SSH}_i$, $i=1,...,d$ are SSH chains in the available independent momentum directions. If we observe that the Brillouin zone in $d$ dimensions is, topologically, a torus, i.e., $\textnormal{BZ}^d=T^d=S^1\times ...\times S^1$, we only need to look at $K^{*}(\textnormal{BZ}^1)=K^{*}(S^1)$. We have that
\begin{align}
K^{*}(S^1)&=K^0(S^1)\oplus K^1(S^1)=K^0(\{x_0\})\oplus \widetilde{K}^{-1}(S^1)\nonumber\\
&=K^0(\{x_0\})\oplus \widetilde{K}^0(S^2)= \mathbb{Z}\oplus \mathbb{Z}\;b,
\end{align}
where we noted that $\widetilde{K}^{-1}(S^1)=\widetilde{K}^{0}(S^2)\cong\mathbb{Z}$, generated by the Bott class $b=[\mathcal{L}]-[1]$. We proceed to describe multiplication in $K^*(S^1)$. The multiplication of elements of $K^0(S^1)=K^0(\{x_0\})=\mathbb{Z}$ is just the usual multiplication in $\mathbb{Z}$; the multiplication of elements of $K^0(S^1)=\mathbb{Z}$ by elements of $K^{-1}(S^1)=\mathbb{Z}\;b$ induces simple scalar multiplication $m\otimes nb\mapsto mn b\in K^{-1}(S^1)$, for $m,n\in\mathbb{Z}$, and, since $\widetilde{K}^0(S^1)=0$, multiplication of elements $\widetilde{K}^{-1}(S^1)$ yields zero. One concludes that
\begin{align}
K^*(\textnormal{BZ}^1)\cong \mathbb{Z}[b]/b^2\cong\Lambda(b),
\end{align}
as a $\mathbb{Z}_
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ArXiv
| 0.514278 | 2.424906 | 0.243436 | 0.808004 |
2$-graded ring, where $\mathbb{Z}[b]/b^2$ corresponds to polynomials in $b$ modded out by the relation $b^2=0$ and $\Lambda(b)$ denotes the exterior algebra generated by $b$. As a result, by the K\"unneth theorem,
\begin{align}
K^*(\textnormal{BZ}^2)\cong K^*(\textnormal{BZ}^1)\otimes K^*(\textnormal{BZ}^1)\cong \Lambda(b_1,b_2),
\end{align}
where $\Lambda(b_1,b_2)$ denotes the exterior algebra in two generators $b_i=p_i^*b$, where $p_i$, $i=1,2$, are the canonical projections.
In physical terms, as will be shown below, the $b_i$'s can be represented by SSH chains in 1D, and the product class
\begin{align}
b_1 b_2 \in \widetilde{K}^0(\textnormal{BZ}^2)\subset K^0(\textnormal{BZ}^2)\subset K^*(\textnormal{BZ}^2)
\end{align}
can be represented by a Chern insulator such as the anomalous Haldane insulator or a massive Dirac model.
The SSH chain in the non trivial phase yields a generator of $\widetilde{K}^{-1}(\textnormal{BZ}^1)$. To see this note that, in momentum space, the SSH Hamiltonian is specified by the continuous family
\begin{align}
H(k)=\left[\begin{array}{cc}
0 & v+ w e^{-ik}\\
v+w e^{ik} & 0
\end{array}\right],
\end{align}
where $k\in \textnormal{BZ}^1\cong S^1$, and $v,w$ are, respectively, hopping amplitudes. Observe that $H$ anti-commutes with
\begin{align}
\Gamma=\left[\begin{array}{cc}
1 & 0\\
0 & -1
\end{array}\right].
\end{align}
Whenever $|w|>|v|$, we can continuously deform this family to
\begin{align}
\label{eq:SSH chain}
H(k)=\left[\begin{array}{cc}
0 & e^{-ik}\\
e^{ik} & 0
\end{array}\right],
\end{align}
and this defines an element $\text{SSH}=\{U(k)=e^{ik}\}_{k\in S^1}$. Actually, this is a generator of the first homotopy group of $\mbox{U}(1)$ (winding number $1$) and of the direct limit $\lim\limits_{\longrightarrow}\mbox{U}(N)$. As a consequence $\text{SSH}$ can be seen as a generator of $\pi_1 \mbox{U}\cong [S^1,\mbox{U}] \cong K^{-1}(S^1)\cong \widetilde{K}^{-1}(S^1)$.
To apply the definition of the product described in the beginning of this section in Eq.~\eqref{eq: product in k-cohomology}, we use $\widetilde{K}^{-1}(S^1)\cong\widetilde{K}^{0}(SS^1)\cong \widetilde{K}^0(S^2)$. Explicitly, we use the construction of Sec.~\ref{subsubsec: K-1 and suspensions}, to write
\begin{align}
&H(t,k)=\left[\begin{array}{cc}
\cos(\pi t) & \sin(\pi t)e^{-ik}\\
\sin(\pi t)e^{ik} & -\cos(\pi t)
\end{array}\right]\nonumber\\
&= \sin(\pi t)\cos(k) \sigma_x + \sin(\pi t)\sin(k) \sigma_y +\cos(\pi t)\sigma_z,
\end{align}
which yields the usual Dirac monopole Hamiltonian of Example~\ref{example:product of dirac monopoles}. This intermediate step, using the construction of Sec.~\ref{subsubsec: K-1 and suspensions}, is also well known in condensed-matter literature and it is usually referred to as \emph{dimensional reduction}~\cite{teo:kan:10}. As a consequence, the $\text{SSH}$ class corresponds to the Dirac monopole class or, equivalently, the B
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] | 1,024 |
ArXiv
| 0.78055 | 2.871344 | 0.352486 | 0.835831 |
ott class $b=[\mathcal{L}]-[1]\in \widetilde{K}^0(S^2)$.
Now the sequence of spaces $S^1\vee S^1\hookrightarrow S^1\times S^1\to S^1\wedge S^1=S^2$ induces an isomorphism $\widetilde{K}^0(\textnormal{BZ}^2)\cong \widetilde{K}^0(S^2)$ (see Hatcher's book~\cite{hat:03}, for example), where the last map is the quotient. Meanwhile, the product class
\begin{align}
&p_1^* \text{SSH} \; p_2^*\text{SSH} \nonumber\\
&=p_1^* b \; p_2^*b \in \widetilde{K}^0\left( \left(S^1\wedge S^1\right) \wedge \left(S^1\wedge S^1\right)\right) =\widetilde{K}^0(S^4),
\end{align}
is the generator of $\widetilde{K}^0(S^4)\cong \widetilde{K}^0(S^2)$, by Bott periodicity. Observe, however, that in the definition of the product we have to swap two $S^1$'s, so actually what we get is minus the Bott class over $S^1\wedge S^1$ which produces the desired product class in $\widetilde{K}^0(\textnormal{BZ}^2)$.
Before describing the obtained product class, it will be useful to illustrate the result that $p_1^*\text{SSH}\; p_2^*\text{SSH}$ generates $\widetilde{K}^0(S^4)$ more explicitly. Note that, in terms of stable equivalence classes of Hamiltonians, we are computing the product class as described by the continuous family
\begin{align}
\label{eq: external tensor product of two dirac monopoles}
H(x_1)*H(x_2) &= H(x_1)\otimes H(x_2)\oplus \left(-H(x_1)\right)\otimes\sigma_3 \nonumber\\
&\oplus \sigma_3\otimes\left(-H(x_2)\right),
\end{align}
with $x_i=[(t_i,k_i)]\in S S^1\cong S^2$, $i=1,2$, and $H(x)$ is the Dirac monopole Hamiltonian of Eq.~\eqref{eq: Dirac monopole}. We can parametrize each copy of $S^2$ using the Cartesian coordinates $x_i=(x_i^1,x_i^2,x_i^3)\in S^2\subset \mathbb{R}^3$, $i=1,2$. Now from the discussion of Appendix~\ref{sec:2-fold bott periodicity}, it follows that we can alternatively describe the stable equivalence class of the above Hamiltonian in terms of a generalized Dirac monopole as in Eq.~\eqref{eq: generalized Dirac monopole}:
\begin{align}
\widetilde{H}(x_1,x_2)&=x_1^1\sigma_1\otimes H(x_2) +x_1^2\sigma_2\otimes I_2 +x_1^3\sigma_3\otimes I_2 \nonumber\\
& =\sum_{j=1}^{3}x_1^1x_2^j\sigma_1\otimes \sigma_j +x_1^2\sigma_2\otimes I_2 +x_1^3\sigma_3\otimes I_2.
\end{align}
Observe that the matrices $\gamma_{i}=\sigma_1\otimes \sigma_i$, $i=1,..,3$, together with $\gamma_4=\sigma_2\otimes I_2$ and $\gamma_5=\sigma_3\otimes I_2$ satisfy
\begin{align}
\gamma_i\gamma_j+\gamma_j\gamma_i=\delta_{ij}I_4, \text{ for } i,j=1,...,5. \nonumber
\end{align}
Observe that $\gamma_5=-\gamma_1\gamma_2\gamma_3\gamma_4$. Moreover the five-dimensional vector appearing in $\widetilde{H}(x_1,x_2)$,
\begin{align}
y=(x_1^1 x_2^1,
|
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] | 1,024 |
ArXiv
| 0.371632 | 2.539111 | -0.439222 | 0.370356 |
x_1^1x_2^2, x_1^1x_2^3, x_1^2,x_1^3)\in\mathbb{R}^5,
\end{align}
satisfies, $|y|^2=1$, and thus parametrizes a sphere $S^4\cong (S^1\wedge S^1)\wedge (S^1\wedge S^1)$. We have reduced the Hamiltonian to the usual Dirac form:
\begin{align}
\widetilde{H}(y)=\sum_{i=1}^{5}y^i\gamma_i,\ y\in S^4.
\end{align}
To see that this is a generator for $\widetilde{K}^0(S^4)$, note that isomorphism class of a vector bundle over $S^4$ is equivalently described by the homotopy class of the transition function in the equator of the sphere, which, in turn, is, in the stable sense, captured by the second Chern number of the bundle. It is enough to show that this number is $\pm 1$. This calculation is performed in Appendix~\ref{sec:2nd chern number for the external tensor product of dirac monopoles}. Swapping two $S^1$ factors can be achieved, modulo homotopy, by taking a reflection in any of the coordinates. This simply inverts the sign of the Chern number which becomes $+1$. This concludes the alternative proof that $p_1^*\text{SSH} \; p_2^*\text{SSH}$ is a generator for $\widetilde{K}^0(S^4)$. Using the Bott periodicity isomorphism, we can ``divide'' by the Bott class, and we know that this class corresponds to, up to a minus sign, that of the Dirac monopole over $S^1\wedge S^1\cong S^2$ -- after all, it was explicitly the external tensor product of two Dirac monopoles associated with two independent two-spheres. Notice, however, that the circles now correspond the one-dimensional independent Brillouin zones. To get the corresponding class in $\textnormal{BZ}^2$, we still need to pullback by the quotient map $q: S^1\times S^1\cong \textnormal{BZ}^2\to S^2$, which will not affect the topological invariant, in this case the first Chern number which is equal to $+1$, as argued below.
We now show that the resulting product class can be represented by any Chern insulator of topological charge $+1$. To see this, suppose that $X$ is a smooth compact connected manifold. Take
\begin{align}
\label{eq:even chern character}
\textnormal{Ch}:& \; \widetilde{K}^0(X)\to H^{\text{even}}(X;\mathbb{R})\nonumber\\
&[E]-[\theta^n]\mapsto \textnormal{Ch}(E) -n,
\end{align}
where $\textnormal{Ch}(E)$ is the Chern character of the bundle. Explicitly, if we are given a connection, such as the Berry connection for a subbundle of a trivial bundle, we can write the even de Rham class represented by the closed differential form
\begin{align}
\mbox{\textnormal{tr}}\; e^{i\frac{F}{2\pi}}=\sum_{k=0}^{\infty} \left(\frac{i}{2\pi}\right)^k\frac{1}{k!}\mbox{\textnormal{tr}}\; F^{k},
\end{align}
where $F$ is the curvature of the connection. Then $\textnormal{Ch}$ commutes with pullbacks and it is an Abelian group homomorphism. Moreover, for the case of $X=S^2$ or $X=T^2$ it reduces to giving the first Chern class:
\begin{align}
\textnormal{Ch}(E)-n=n+c_1(E)-n=c_1(E)\in H^2(X;\mathbb{Z}).
\end{align}
Since the first Chern class of $\mathcal{L}$ is a generator of cohomology of $S^2$, namely $\int_{S^2} c_1(\mathcal{L})=-1$, it follows that the first Chern number provides an isomorphism $\widetilde{K}^0(S^2)\cong \mathbb{Z}$. The isomorphism $\widetilde{K}(T^2)\cong \widetilde{K}(S^2)$ is
|
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] | 1,024 |
ArXiv
| 0.552317 | 2.424906 | -0.025884 | 0.587915 |
given by taking the pullback by the quotient $q: \textnormal{BZ}^2=T^2\to S^1\wedge S^1$ which has degree one (it is a homeomorphism on the complement of $S^1\vee S^1$) and hence the Chern number of the resulting bundle $q^*\mathcal{L}$ is the same -- thus, the first Chern number provides an isomorphism $\widetilde{K}^0(T^2)\cong\mathbb{Z}$. Now instead of $q^*\mathcal{L}$ we can choose any bundle with Chern number $-1$. The massive Dirac model is represented by the family
\begin{align}
&H(k_1,k_2)\nonumber\\
&=\sin(k_1)\sigma_1 +\sin(k_2)\sigma_2 + (M-\cos(k_1)-\cos(k_2))\sigma_3,
\end{align}
for $M=1$ the occupied bundle $\text{Im}\;p\to \textnormal{BZ}^2$ has first Chern number $+1$, and thus gives a generator of $\widetilde{K}(T^2)$. Let us denote by $p_i^*\text{SSH}=\text{SSH}_i$, $i=1,2$, and $[\text{Im}\;p]-[1]=\text{CH}$. The final result is
\begin{align}
\text{SSH}_1\; \text{SSH}_2 =\text{CH},
\end{align}
which can be elegantly stated as the product of two SSH chains (1D topological phases) is a Chern insulator (2D topological phase).
More generally, we have the result that
\begin{align}
K^{*}(\textnormal{BZ}^d)=\Lambda(\text{SSH}_1,...,\text{SSH}_d),
\end{align}
with $SSH_i=p_i^{*}SSH$, with $p_i$ the $i$th canonical projection to $\textnormal{BZ}^1\cong S^1$, $i=1,..,d$. So, the complex gapped topological phases of free fermions in $d$-dimensional translation invariant models are generated by $\text{SSH}$ chains, one for each independent direction.
\end{example}
\subsection{Relation to the topological invariant description}
\label{subsec: relation to the topological invariant description}
We will finish this section by making contact with the topological invariant description of complex topological phases of free fermions. This will be done through the Chern character graded ring isomorphism, relating complex \emph{K}-theory with the de Rham cohomology, which we proceed to explain. In Eq.~\eqref{eq:even chern character}, the \emph{even} Chern character for compact smooth manifolds $X$, actually provides a group homomorphism to $H^{\text{even}}(X;\mathbb{Q})$, meaning that when integrated over closed submanifolds of $X$, it yields rational numbers (this is because the Chern classes have values in $H^{\text{even}}(X;\mathbb{Z})$). One can extend the map to $\widetilde{K}^{-1}(X)$ by assigning to each class $[U]$, with $U:X\to \mbox{U}$, the closed odd differential form
\begin{align}
&\text{Ch}(U)\nonumber\\
&=\sum_{k=0}^{\infty}(-1)^{k}\left(\frac{i}{2\pi}\right)^{k+1}\frac{k!}{(2k+1)!}\mbox{\textnormal{tr}}\;\left[\left(U^{-1}dU\right)^{2k+1}\right],
\end{align}
whose de Rham class is known as the \emph{odd} Chern character. Observe that for the case of the SSH chain in Eq.~\eqref{eq:SSH chain}, this just yields
\begin{align}
\text{Ch}(e^{ik})=\frac{i}{2\pi} e^{-ik}de^{ik}=-\frac{1}{2\pi}dk,
\end{align}
whose integral over the Brillouin zone yields minus the winding number of the map $\textnormal{BZ}^1\ni k\mapsto e^{ik}\in S^1$, equal to $-1$.
One can show that the odd Chern character provides a group homomorphism $\text{Ch}:\widetilde{K}^{-1}(X)\to H^{\text{odd}}(X;\mathbb{
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| 0.711265 | 2.466435 | 0.296 | 0.749819 |
Q})$. One can extend it to the unreduced \emph{K}-theory by applying the formulas obtained to the case $X_{+}=X\sqcup\text{pt}$ -- equivalently, since $\widetilde{K}^{-1}(X)\cong K^{-1}(X)$, it is enough to extend Eq.~\eqref{eq:even chern character} to $K^{0}(X)$ by $\text{Ch}([E]-[F])=\text{Ch}(E)-\text{Ch}(F)\in H^{\text{even}}(X;\mathbb{Q})$, for any $[E]-[F]\in K^{0}(X)$. In fact, one can show that, by tensoring with the rationals to avoid torsion, the group homomorphism $\text{Ch}:K^*(X)\otimes \mathbb{Q}\to H^{*}(M ;\mathbb{Q})$ is actually a \emph{graded ring isomorphism} (see Refs.~\cite{par:08,kar:08}), where the ring structure in cohomology is the cup product induced by the exterior product of differential forms and the $\mathbb{Z}_2$ grading refers to even- and odd-degree differential forms.
Before applying the isomorphism to derive consequences, at the level of the familiar topological invariants, from our main results, it may be useful to relate the even and odd Chern characters. This relation is obtained by means of the suspension. In fact, we have $\widetilde{K}^{0}(SX)=\widetilde{K}^{-1}(X)$ and $\widetilde{K}^{-1}(SX)=\widetilde{K}^{0}(SSX)\cong \widetilde{K}^{0}(X)$ (by Bott periodicity). Moreover, if we write a decomposition of the suspension in terms of cones, $SX=C_{-}X\cup C_{+}X$, then the connecting homomorphism, which in this case is an isomorphism, $\delta: H^{k}(X)\cong H^{k+1}(SX)$, for $k>0$, of the associated Mayer-Vietoris sequence in cohomology will transform the odd Chern character into the even Chern character. In terms of differential forms, this connecting homomorphism can be understood as follows. Fixing $k>0$, by contractibility of the cones,
\begin{align}
\label{eq: even chern suspension}
\frac{1}{k!}\mbox{\textnormal{tr}}\; \left(\frac{i F}{2\pi}\right)^{k}\Big|_{C_{\pm}X}=dQ^{2k-1}_{\pm},
\end{align}
for some $(2k-1)$-forms $Q^{2k-1}_{+}$ and $Q^{2k-1}_{-}$ defined over $C_+X$ and $C_{-}X$, respectively. Over the intersection $C_{+}X\cap C_{-}X\cong X$, since the gauge fields will differ by a gauge transformation $U$ defined over $X$, a standard calculation, see, for example, Ref.~\cite{gau:gin:89}, yields, up to an exact form,
\begin{align}
\label{eq: odd chern suspension}
&Q^{2k-1}_{+}-Q^{2k-1}_{-}\nonumber\\
&=(-1)^{k-1}\left(\frac{i}{2\pi}\right)^{k}\frac{(k-1)!}{(2k-1)!}\mbox{\textnormal{tr}}\left[\left(U^{-1}dU\right)^{2k-1}\right].
\end{align}
The connecting homomorphism $\delta: H^{2k-1}(X)\to H^{2k}(SX)$ sends the de Rham class of right-hand side of the above equation, Eq.~\eqref{eq: odd chern suspension}, to the de Rham class of the left-hand side of Eq.~\eqref{eq: even chern suspension}.
Observe that for a line bundle over a two-sphere, the above formula yields the familiar result that the first Chern number is a winding number of a transition function defined over the equator circle. Indeed, let us consider the case of the SSH chain and the identification $\widetilde{K}^{-1}(\textnormal{BZ}^1)=\widetilde{K}^{0}(S\textnormal{BZ}^1)=\widetilde{K}^{0}(S^2)$. The cones $C_{\pm}\textnormal{BZ}^1$ are identified with neighbourhoods of the north and south poles of the two-sphere $S\textnormal{
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] | 1,024 |
ArXiv
| 0.742511 | 2.757139 | -0.042808 | 0.696694 |
BZ}^1\cong S^2$. The relation between the Berry gauge fields over the cones $C_{\pm}\textnormal{BZ}^1$, denoted $A_{\pm}$, at the overlap, $C_{-}\textnormal{BZ}^1\cap C_{+}\textnormal{BZ}^1\cong \textnormal{BZ}^1$, is
\begin{align}
A_{+}-A_{-} =\text{Ch}(e^{ik})=-\frac{1}{2\pi} dk,
\end{align}
yielding that the first Chern number is equal to $+1$, which is equal to the winding number of $e^{ik}$.
Finally, because $\text{Ch}:K^*(X)\otimes \mathbb{Q}\to H^{*}(M ;\mathbb{Q})$ is a graded ring isomorphism, we can read off the relation between the topological invariants in different dimensions. For example, from our result $\text{SSH}_1\text{SSH}_2=\text{CH}$, we can apply $\text{Ch}$ to both sides of the equation to obtain
\begin{align}
\text{Ch}\left(\text{SSH}_1\text{SSH}_2\right)=\text{Ch}\left(\text{SSH}_1\right)\smile \text{Ch}\left(\text{SSH}_2\right)=\text{Ch}(\text{CH}),
\end{align}
where $\smile$ is the cup product in cohomology. Since, at the level of differential forms,
\begin{align}
\text{Ch}\left(\text{SSH}_i\right)=-\frac{1}{2\pi} dk_i, \ i=1,2,
\end{align}
integration over $\textnormal{BZ}^2=\textnormal{BZ}^1\times \textnormal{BZ}^1$ yields
\begin{align}
&\int_{\textnormal{BZ}^1\times \textnormal{BZ}^1}\left(-\frac{i}{2\pi} dk_1\right)\smile \left(-\frac{i}{2\pi} dk_2\right)\nonumber\\
&=\int_{\textnormal{BZ}^1\times \textnormal{BZ}^1}\left(-\frac{i}{2\pi} dk_1\right)\wedge \left(-\frac{i}{2\pi} dk_2\right)\nonumber\\
&=\int_{\textnormal{BZ}^1}\left(-\frac{i}{2\pi} dk_1\right)\int_{\textnormal{BZ}^1}\left(-\frac{i}{2\pi} dk_2\right)\nonumber\\
&= 1= \int_{\textnormal{BZ}^1\times \textnormal{BZ}^1}\text{Ch}(\text{CH}),
\end{align}
which gives the topological charge one, as described previously. Hence, the relation between the topological invariants of $\text{SSH}_1$, $\text{SSH}_2$, and $\text{CH}$ is that the invariant for the latter is the product of the invariants for the two former ones. Thus, we conclude that our main result provides not only a conceptual advance in the understanding of the product structure, but also provides the necessary means, through the Chern character ring isomorphism, to completely determine and relate the usual topological invariants in different dimensions.
\section{Conclusions}
\label{sec:conclusions}
We have provided an in-depth review of \emph{K}-theory and $\mod 2$-Bott periodicity in the context of complex gapped phases of free fermions while emphasizing on a product structure which was previously neglected in literature because its physical interpretation was not clear. In Sec.~\ref{sec: Kunneth formula and SSH times SSH equals Chern insulator}, we introduced the \emph{K}-cohomology group together with the associated ring structure, allowing us to derive, using K\"unneth's theorem, the result that the SSH chains, one for each independent momentum direction, generate the \emph{K}-cohomology groups of the Brillouin zone in $d$ dimensions and that the product of two SSH chains is a Chern insulator. These results relate the associated topological phases and their topological invariants in all spatial dimensions in a unified way.
One could wonder if similar results hold for the case of topological phases of gapped free fermions as described by real \emph{K}-theory. Unfortunately
|
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ArXiv
| 0.750662 | 2.601404 | 0.01536 | 0.823182 |
Posted on May 14, 2008 December 24, 2015 by Nancy Atkinson
Pole Shift on Europa?
Curved features on Jupiter's moon Europa may indicate that its poles have wandered by almost 90°, a new study reports. Researchers believe the drastic shift in Europa's rotational axis was likely a result of the build-up of thick ice at the poles. "A spinning body is most stable with its mass farthest from its spin axis," says Isamu Matsuyama of the Carnegie Institution's Department of Terrestrial Magnetism. "On Europa, variations in the thickness of its outer shell caused a mass imbalance, so the rotation axis reoriented to a new stable state" An extreme shift like this also suggests the existence of an internal liquid ocean beneath the icy crust.
The research team, led by Dr. Paul Schenk of the Lunar and Planetary Institute and joined by Matsuyama and Dr. Francis Nimmo of the University of California, Santa Cruz, used images from the Voyager, Galileo, and New Horizons spacecraft to map several large arc-shaped depressions that extend more than 500 kilometers across Europa's surface. With a radius of about 1500 kilometers, Europa is slightly smaller than the Earth's moon.
By comparing the pattern of the depressions with fractures that would result from stresses caused by a shift in Europa's rotational axis, the researchers determined that the axis had shifted by approximately 80°. The previous axis of rotation is now located about 10° from the present equator.
Such a change is called "true polar wander" as opposed to apparent polar wander caused by plate tectonics. There is evidence for true polar wander on Earth, and also on Mars and on Saturn's moon Enceladus. "Our study adds Europa to this list," says Matsuyama. "It suggests that planetary bodies might be more prone to reorientation than we thought."
The study also has implications for liquid water inside Europa. Many scientists believe Europa has an extensive subsurface ocean based on spacecraft photos showing a fractured, icy surface. The ocean beneath the crust would be kept liquid by heat generated by tidal forces from Jupiter's gravity. The presence of heat and water may make life possible, even though the subsurface ocean is cut off from solar energy.
"The large reorientation on Europa required to explain the circular depressions implies that its outer ice shell is decoupled from the core by a liquid layer," says Matsuyama. "Therefore, our study provides an independent test for the presence of an interior liquid layer."
Original News Source: EurekAlert
CategoriesEuropa
11 Replies to "Pole Shift on Europa?"
If this is 100% true, this provides some very conclusive evidence that Europa is indeed sitting on top on an ocean. If the ice is able to shift the axis of the planet, it proves that
1. Liquid water is indeed under the surface
2. That the ice is less dense in places that the poles
3. There is sufficient heat to generate tempertaures suitable for ocean life to evolve, potentially more than just bacteria around thermal vents, providing they don't need sunlight
God I love Europa. I can't wait until we send a mission there.
Emission Nebula says:
Amen Maugrim.
Europa should be top priority.
Will we find life there? Maybe.
Should we look? Without a question.
Oh, I know I havent been saying anything here for awhile, thats due to lack of internet. But great article Nancy 🙂
Europa should be explored in great detail.
tontotoo says:
I thought we were told to explore any world BUT Europa by the Monolith?
Dave Bowman says:
Are all of you insane? You obviously didn't get the memo:
ALL THESE WORLDS ARE YOURS EXCEPT EUROPA. ATTEMPT NO LANDINGS THERE.
zifferman says:
The press Release that was quoted originally was from Carnegie Institute,
which fails to mention either of the other authors!
For a proper treatment and links to the
paper itself, and further information:
http://www.lpi.usra.edu/eatures/europa/cropCircles
|
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CommonCrawl
| 0.427332 | 0.64694 | 1.7512 | 0.94461 |
Spectrum, em hangul: 스펙트럼; estilizado como SPECTRUM, foi um grupo sul-coreano estreado pela WYNN Entertainment em maio de 2018. O grupo de K-pop era composto por sete membros: Minjae, Dongyoon, Jaehan, Hwarang, Donggyu, Villain e Eunjun. O grupo realizou sua estreia oficial no dia 08 de maio com seu primeiro mini álbum Be Born, e teve seu debut stage oficial no dia 10 de maio performando a música Light It Up no programa sul-coreano M Countdown. Infelizmente Dongyoon veio a falecer no dia 27 de julho de 2018, no mesmo ano de debut (Causas da morte não foram reveladas à pedido da família).
O grupo teve seu disband anunciado no dia 10 de julho de 2020, de acordo com a empresa, devido aos acontecimentos da Pandemia do Covid-19, a empresa não tinha mais condições de cuidar do grupo.
História
2018: Be Born e Timeless Moment
Be Born, lançado no dia 09 de maio de 2018, é o primeiro mini álbum e também o álbum de estreia do grupo. Ele contém 4 músicas, com a música Light It Up como faixa-título. Em 8 de maio de 2018, foi lançado o videoclipe de Light It Up. Dia 22 de junho o grupo lançou o dance pratice da música Tonight (오늘밤).
No dia 27 de julho de 2018 a agência do grupo, WYNN Entertainment, anunciou a morte do integrante Dongyoon, que veio a falecer aos 20 anos de idade.
Dia 6 de setembro foi lançado o primeiro single digital do grupo, intitulado de Dear My. A música foi dedicada para o membro Dongyoon, foi a última música que ele gravou antes de seu falecimento . Dongyoon também participou na execução da letra da música.
Do dia 28 de outubro ao dia 31, foram lançados seis teases promocionais com o título de What I Do, e no dia 1 de novembro foi lançado o último teaser com a confirmação do MV (music vídeo) da faixa. O segundo mini álbum do grupo SPECTRUM, intitulado Timeless Moment, foi lançado no dia 4 de novembro de 2018, contendo 3 músicas, incluindo o single Dear My, mais a faixa-título do album What I Do, que teve seu videoclipe oficial lançado no mesmo dia.
2019: Refreshing Time
Em 24 de abril de 2019 a conta oficial do grupo no Youtube compartilhou o primeiro dos seis vídeos solos de cada integrante promovendo o videoclipe da música After Party. O último teaser solo foi lançado no dia 27 de abril. Também no dia 27 de abril foi lançado outro teaser, agora com a presença de todos os integrantes.
Lançado dia 29 de abril de 2019, Refreshing Time é o primeiro single album do grupo. Composto por 3 músicas, o álbum traz como single a música After Party que teve seu videoclipe lançado no mesmo dia da estreia do album. Também no dia 29 de abril o grupo postou um vídeo entitulado SPECTRUM After Part cheer guide vídeo (em hangul SPECTRUM(스펙트럼) AFTER PARTY 응원법 영상).
O grupo promoveu o single After Party com apresentações em diversos programas coreanos como M Countdown (da M-net), Music Bank, e outros.
2020: 0325 e disband
Integrantes
Minjae (민재), nascido Jo MinJae (조민제) no dia 8 de agosto de 1994 (28 anos). Ele é o líder
|
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Wikipedia
| -0.950218 | -1.083007 | -0.938635 | -1.62309 |
Tim Cook Talks Apple Car, Augmented Reality And Elon Musk's Tesla
By Chris Davies/April 5, 2021 9:25 am EST
Apple CEO Tim Cook has talked about Apple car rumors, augmented reality, and the electric vehicle segment and his contact – or lack of – with Tesla's Elon Musk, amid speculation by analysts that the Cupertino firm is readying a handful of ambitious launches into new categories over the next few years. Though Cook is, as always, tight-lipped about details and exact product plans, it's clear that Apple isn't interested in a low-key role in either AR or autonomous driving.
They're two segments around which rumors have long been circulating about Apple's potential launches. On the one hand, the company is believed to have been working on multiple generations of smart glasses and mixed-reality headsets, spanning everything from a lightweight VR/AR headset through to sunglasses-like "Apple Glasses" for everyday wear.
On the mobility site, Apple's Project Titan has been exploring automotive applications for the company's technology for several years now. It's believed to be readying a homegrown dashboard OS and an autonomous vehicle platform, along with new battery technology for EVs. While the exact ambitions of the division are said to have varied over time, the latest leaks have hinted that a full Apple car is the goal.
Cook: AR is a critically important part of Apple's future
Apple is believed to be preparing to talk about smart glasses and mixed-reality headsets at its WWDC 2021 developer event this summer, getting coders and app-makers ready for new, eventual consumer hardware. Speaking to Kara Swisher for the NYTimes, Cook declined to comment on specific augmented reality products the company might have on the roadmap. However, he did reiterate his thoughts about the potential value of AR.
"But in terms of AR, the promise of AR is that you and I are having a great conversation right now. Arguably, it could even be better if we were able to augment our discussion with charts or other things to appear," Cook suggested. "And your audience would also benefit from this, too, I think. And so when I think about that in different fields, whether it's health, whether it's education, whether it's gaming, whether it's retail, I'm already seeing AR take off in some of these areas with use of the phone. And I think the promise is even greater in the future."
Currently, Apple's AR system – known as ARKit – relies on its smartphones and tablets. Apps can use the camera to show a real-world view on the screen, on top of which developers can add 3D graphics, animations, and other information. The allure of glasses or a headset, however, is that the iPhone or iPad wouldn't need to be in-between the user and the world around them.
Asked whether AR is a "critically important part of Apple's future," Cook confirms that "it is."
Apple's autonomous car plans are ambitious
On the topic of cars, meanwhile, Swisher opens by discussing Tesla and its outspoken CEO Elon Musk, who once said that – during the automaker's more troubled years – he would've happily sold the company to Apple. According to Cook, though, the two execs haven't actually talked to each other.
"You know, I've never spoken to Elon, although I have great admiration and respect for the company he's built," Cook said. "I think Tesla has done an unbelievable job of not only establishing the lead, but keeping the lead for such a long period of time in the EV space. So I have great appreciation for them."
On vehicles specifically, and Apple's potential role in them, again Cook wouldn't be drawn on any particular product. However he was insistent that the focus would be autonomous driving, rather than just another vehicle. That, the implication appears to be, would be Apple's tech-first route into the new segment.
"The autonomy itself is a core technology, in my view," Cook explained. "If you sort of step back, the car, in a lot of ways, is a robot. An autonomous car is a robot. And so there's lots of things you can
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CommonCrawl
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3,000 Weddings In Jaipur In Next Few Days As Rajasthan Covid Cases Spike
HomeAll India3,000 Weddings In Jaipur In Next Few Days As Rajasthan Covid Cases Spike
The spike in cases in Rajasthan - from under 2,000 cases per day in the first week of November - has coincided with Diwali, as it has in other states, including Delhi
All IndiaWritten by Harsha Kumari SinghUpdated: November 24, 2020 11:57 pm IST
3,000 weddings to be held in Jaipur over the next few days (Representational)
Jaipur:
Rajasthan has reported over 3,000 new Covid cases per day for four straight days, with the 3,314 infections detected Tuesday taking the state's active caseload past the 4,000-mark.
Within the state Jaipur reported the most of any city - 656 - in the past 24 hours. The spike in the state capital worried authorities enough that a night curfew and other measures were announced this week.
There is another source of worry - 3,000 weddings will be held in Jaipur over the next few days.
A majority of these weddings will be held on Wednesday - a day called dev uthani ekadashi, which is one of the more auspicious dates for wedding ceremonies.
At bazaars in the Old City (which sell traditional wedding paraphernalia), the narrow by-lanes are abuzz with shoppers braving the novel coronavirus. In one shop, which sells sherwanis, Ramesh is trying one out for his wedding. His brother admits to concerns but shrugs off the "inevitable".
"We are worried about coronavirus, but what can one do? We have to buy essential items for the wedding. Now cases are likely to rise but that is inevitable," Mahesh, the brother, says.
"Obviously my wedding cannot be like I would want it but what to do? The date has been fixed so we will manage with fewer guests. I cannot call as many people as I would like," the groom adds.
During the pandemic the number of guests at a wedding has been limited to 100.
The district administration has permitted the weddings - which will be spread out over the next few days, with November 25, 27 and 30 the busy days - but says it has persuaded people not to hold baarats (a pre-wedding procession in the streets that sees dozens of people congregating).
"We are discouraging people from taking out baraats. But we don't give permission for each separate function (the baarat is part of several that make up a north Indian wedding)," Iqbal, the additional district collector of Jaipur, says.
Baarats will not be allowed on the road, Health secretary Siddarth Mahajan emphasises, adding that a small procession inside the wedding premises would be permitted.
"Of course we are apprehensive about the spread of coronavirus. A few things have come together that are adding to the Covid surge - cold weather, panchayat elections, pollution, Diwali... and now the huge number of weddings. Therefore we are requesting people to limit numbers," he says.
The spike in cases in Rajasthan - from under 2,000 cases per day in the first week of November - has coincided with Diwali, as it has in other states, including national capital Delhi.
Health Minister Raghu Sharma tested positive on Monday. He is currently being treated at the Rajasthan University of Health Sciences, a Covid-dedicated facility where the admission numbers make for grim reading.
Around 70 per cent of the hospital's beds - in the ICU and the general ward - are now taken. That is double the occupancy rate from last month
"We have 700 people in IPD. Last month we had 350, so definitely it has gone up," Dr Ajit Shekhawat, the Superintendent of the RUHS Covid facility says.
The spike has forced the Ashok Gehlot government to announce a night curfew in eight district headquarters
|
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CommonCrawl
| -0.19012 | -0.881526 | -0.117563 | -0.708267 |
Late on Saturday night in New Hampshire, the three remaining candidates for the Democratic Party's presidential nomination sought to use the last primary debate of the year to share their vision for the future of the United States.
Less than two months before the first votes of the primary elections are cast in Iowa, ABC News' debate featured an uncharacteristically aggressive Sen. Bernie Sanders (I-Vt.), a diplomatic, somewhat distant Hillary Clinton and a shrill former Maryland Gov. Martin O'Malley. The engagement ranged from courteous disagreement on substantive policy matters to sharp protestations against fellow candidates, moderators and the Democratic National Committee.
The showdown, although lighter on confrontation and heavier on content than the most recent Republican presidential primary debates, resulted in a few clear winners — and a few more demonstrative losers.
Bernie Sanders: Sanders benefitted, in part, from O'Malley's numerous onstage meltdowns, which made the Vermont senator, who can occasionally come off as a bit of a crank, look reasonable by comparison. But his spirited, impassioned performance wasn't just a victory by virtue of juxtaposition. Sanders was sincere, passionate and humorous, undercutting some of the debate's more serious moments by channelling the audience's exasperations with the proceedings. His late-in-the-evening expression of gratitude towards Clinton for her contribution to changing the role of first lady was particularly gallant.
His strongest moment in the two-hour debate may have been his first. The man who is suing the Democratic Party after just becoming a Democrat this year humbly apologized to Clinton for a campaign staffer's snooping in Clinton campaign voter information, a cooling of tensions that redirected the debate towards the substantive track it took for most of the night.
But can winning a low-rated debate on the Saturday night before Christmas amount to more than a feather in Sanders' cap? It's unlikely. Sanders will come out of New Hampshire with a spring in his step, but not a wind at his back.
Hillary Clinton: Clinton lucked out when Sanders took the high road on the dust-up over the DNC, ignoring what could have been a damaging night-long narrative that the Democratic establishment is in the bag for the former first lady. But as the night went on, she built on that good luck with a strong, consistent, policy-driven performance suitable for a career diplomat.
Her foreign policy bona fides — particularly crucial as Americans, in the wake of terrorist attacks in Paris and San Bernardino, California, have named terrorism as their number-one concern — were on full display, with particular focus on the importance of engaging with American Muslims and the global Muslim community in order to combat the Islamic State group and other terrorist entities. In singling out billionaire Republican frontrunner Donald Trump as "ISIS' best recruiter," Clinton demonstrated that, unlike her competition, she's keeping one eye trained on the general election. Seen from her seemingly impregnable place at the top of the polls, it's a smart object to focus on.
Martin O'Malley: O'Malley came in to the last Democratic debate with rock-bottom poll numbers, minuscule money in the bank and roughly the same name recognition as a late-season American Idol semi-finalist. He landed in New Hampshire with nothing to lose but his dignity — and swiftly lost that.
From his confusing opening statement — "Tonight is different because of this reason" — to his interruption of moderator David Muir on the issue of gun control, O'Malley's unlikely pursuit of the White House is becoming more and more embarrassing for a young former state executive with a once-promising future. Not because he doesn't care, but because he does.
O'Malley's attempt to chide Clinton and Sanders for "bickering" after they agreed to leave the data-breach issue behind them was the kind of overly scripted response that turns voters off from O'Malley. In the Kübler-Ross stages of grief, he's clearly stuck in the second stage: anger.
The moderators: If you're losing to O'Malley, you're officially the biggest loser of the night. Muir and co-host Martha Raddatz came armed with well-thought-out lines of questioning — Raddatz
|
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C4
| 1.351133 | -0.077224 | -0.146702 | 0.117381 |
Edward Robert Gelnar of Mangum, Oklahoma passed away on November 22, 2018 in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. He was born October 30, 1936 to Robert Gelnar and Bessie Cerny Gelnar in Brinkman, Oklahoma. He graduated from Mangum High School in 1956. He served his country in the Air Force. He spent his life as a Rancher and retired from the Soil Conservation Service. He was a member of the Knights of Columbus. He was a member of the Sacred Heart Catholic Church in Mangum. He enjoyed camping, working with his cattle and especially spending time with his grandchildren.
Edward is preceded in death by his parents, a brother Joe, a sister Angie Martin, a great grandson, Kole David Gelnar and a sister-in-law Kaye Strain.
He is survived by his wife Darlene of the home.
One son, Junior Gelnar and wife Susan of Mangum.
One daughter, Stephanie Yocham and husband Calvin of Mangum.
Grandchildren: Wesley and wife Ashley, Mangum, Oklahoma, Jacob and companion MaKenna, Mangum, Oklahoma, Brandie Wilson and husband TJ, Lonewolf, Oklahoma, Tennessee Yocham, Blair, Oklahoma, Teri Yocham and companion Ross Lard, Newcastle, Oklahoma, Tyler Yocham, Blair, Oklahoma and Amber Harrison, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.
Viewing will be held at Ray and Martha's Funeral Home in Mangum, Oklahoma from 2pm till 8pm on Sunday, November 25, 2018 and 9am till 8pm on Monday, November 26, 2018. The family will receive friends from 6pm till 8pm on Monday, November 26, 2018.
Funeral services will be at 10am on Tuesday, November 27, 2018 at the Sacred Heart Catholic Church, 409 N Byers, Mangum, Oklahoma. Interment following at Roselawn Cemetery, Mangum, Oklahoma under the direction of Ray and Martha's Funeral Home of Mangum, Oklahoma.
Sorry for your loss, Ed was such a great friend and neighbor. He will be missed very much.
Ed was such a good man. I am so sorry for his family that is left behind without him. He loves his kids and grandkids, and great grandkids. God has another Angel.
I'm so very saddened to hear of Ed's passing. My prayers are with Darlene, Stephanie, Junior and all the family.
Our thoughts and prayers are with you and your family. Jo, Shobhik and Chris.
Truely sorry for such a big loss to the family and community..Ed will deatly be missed. One of my favorite customers at the feed store.
Heartfelt sympathy to your family for the loss of your father. Prayers for healing hearts.
What can one say about our dear cousin, Ed? He loved life and enjoyed it to the fullest. Just a tad ornery but with a heart as big as Texas. He was devoted to Darlene, his kids and grandkids. We will miss his smile and hearty laugh. Rest In Peace, dear Ed.
My prayers and thoughts are with the family.
Always sweet to everyone! Truly enjoyed seeing his face every day when he would come to see Wanda! He will be missed ????
Uncle Ed was one of a kind and he will be missed so much!!! Mangum wont be the same without him.
We are very sorry for your loss and you are in our prayers for peace and to remember the good times. We had such a wonderful experience living and working in Mangum. A big part of that was your family and the church family. We had a lot of fun. Working with Ed was great and sometimes challenging. You know, he was a little stubborn at times but always got the job done. Please know that his work and your support of it has made a difference for generations to come. We love our memories of all of you. Our hearts break for your loss.
JR, Susan and family: We are thinking of you frequently throughout the day. Sending prayers and strong thoughts of strength and peace your way.
I worked with Ed starting in 1990. He was a good friend as well as a co-worker. He will be missed.
Your family is in our prayers this week. We are
|
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] | 1,024 |
C4
| -0.39356 | -2.091386 | -1.153821 | -1.481423 |
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CommonCrawl
| -0.72606 | 0.428912 | -0.020616 | 0.286874 |
of Art Therapy. 25, 3, p. 103-118 16 p.
The every expanding sperm tool kit
Barratt, C., Jun 2010, In: Human Reproduction. 25, Suppl.1, p. i80-i80 1 p., O-201.
The Event Score As a Perpetuum Mobile
Lushetich, N., 2012, In: Text and Performance Quarterly. 32, 1, p. 1-19 19 p.
The Event of Language as Force of Life: agamben's linguistic vitalism
Chiesa, L. & Ruda, F., 22 Nov 2011, In: Angelaki. 16, 3, p. 163-180 18 p.
The Evaluation of the FLaT Highland Future Schools Project: Ardnamurchan High School and Glen Urquhart High School
Payne, F. M., Bain, Y. C., Coutts, N. C., Gooday, M. A., McGovern, M., Spratt, J. C. & Walker, C., Apr 2007, Edinburgh: Scottish Executive. 119 p.
The Evaluation of the Family Nurse Partnership Programme in Scotland: Phase 1 Report - Intake and Early Pregnancy
Martin, C., Marryat, L., Miller, M. & Ormston, R., 2011, Edinburgh: Scottish Government, p. 1-103, 103 p.
Research output: Working paper/Preprint › Working paper
The evaluation of the basic cooking skills/healthy eating (BaCE) programme for young offenders at Polmont
Akbar, T., Everington, T., Richards, D., Themessl-Huber, M. & Freeman, R., 2013, Dundee: University of Dundee, Dental Health Services Research Unit. 114 p.
The Evaluation of HMP Shotts' Oral Health Improvement Project
Akbar, T., Turner, S., Themessl-Huber, M. & Freeman, R., Jan 2012, Dundee: University of Dundee, Dental Health Services Research Unit. 144 p.
The evaluation of a ward simulation exercise to support hospital at night practitioners develop safe practice
Hogg, G., Lorente, M., Keith, G., Ramsay, J., Ambrose, L., Owen, L. & Ker, J. S., Sep 2008, In: International Journal of Clinical Skills. 2, 2, p. 112-115 4 p.
The EU's 'strategic partnership' with China in a post-Brexit world: Recalibrating internal dynamics and facing up to external challenges
Brown, S., 21 Apr 2020, In: Europe and the World: A Law Review. 4, 1, p. 1-30 30 p.
The EU Water Framework Directive – Challenges, Gaps and Potential for the Future
Hendry, S., 8 Dec 2017, In: Journal for European Environmental and Planning Law. 14, 3-4, p. 249-268 20 p.
The EU single market and multi-level interaction
Cameron, P. D., 2009, Governing the energy challenge: Canada and Germany in a multi-level regional and global context. Eberlein, B. & Doern, C. B. (eds.). Toronto: University of Toronto Press, p. 174-197 24 p.
The European Union's potential contribution to protect marine biodiversity in the changing Arctic: a roadmap
Liu, N. & Kirk, E., 29 May 2015, In: International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law. 30, 2, p. 255-284 30 p.
The European Union's role in the prevention of vessel-source pollution and its internal influence
Liu, N. & Maes, F., 2009, In: Journal of International Martime Law
|
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CommonCrawl
| -0.770213 | 0.205693 | -0.491225 | 0.171771 |
. 15, 5, p. 411-422 12 p.
The European Union's Potential Contribution to Enhanced Governance of Offshore Oil and Gas Operations in the Arctic
Liu, N., Jul 2015, In: Review of European, Comparative and International Environmental Law. 24, 2, p. 223-231 9 p.
The European Union's investment and future role in dermatologic research
Leigh, I. M., Jul 2016, In: Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 136, 7, p. 1307-1310 4 p.
The European Union simulation: from problem-based learning (PBL) to student interest
Kaunert, C., Jun 2009, In: European Political Science. 8, 2, p. 254-265 12 p.
The European Union as an Actor in the Law of the Sea, with Particular Reference to the Arctic
Churchill, R., 2018, In: International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law. 33, 2, p. 290-323 34 p.
The European Union as a Comprehensive Police Actor
Rozee, S., 2011, In: Journal of Contemporary European Research. 7, 4, p. 435-451 17 p.
Rozee, S., 2013, European security, terrorism and intelligence: tackling new security challenges in Europe. Kaunert, C. & Léonard, S. (eds.). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, p. 40-61 22 p. (Palgrave studies in European Union politics).
The European Union and the International Maritime Organization: EU's External Influence on the Prevention of Vessel-Source Pollution
Liu, N. & Maes, F., 2010, In: Journal of Maritime Law and Commerce. 41, 4, p. 581-594 14 p.
The European Union and the challenges of marine governance: from sectoral response to integrated policy?
Churchill, R., 2011, The world ocean in globalisation: climate change, sustainable fisheries, biodiversity, shipping, regional issues. Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff, p. 395-436 42 p.
Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Chapter (peer-reviewed)
The European Union and the Accommodation of Basque Difference in Spain
Bourne, A. K., 2008, Manchester University Press.
The European Surveillance of Antimicrobial Consumption (ESAC) Point-Prevalence Survey of Antibacterial Use in 20 European Hospitals in 2006
Ansari, F., Erntell, M., Goossens, H., Davey, P. & ESAC II Hosp Care Study Grp, 15 Nov 2009, In: Clinical Infectious Diseases. 49, 10, p. 1496-1504 9 p.
The European Parliament in the External Dimension of EU Counter-terrorism: More Actorness, Accountability and Oversight 10 Years on?
Kaunert, C., Leonard, S. & Mackenzie, A., 2015, In: Intelligence and National Security. 30, 2-3, p. 357-376 20 p.
The European non-estuarine coastal waterbirds survey
Rehfisch, M. M., Burton, N. H. K., Spray, C. J. & Stroud, D. A., 2008, In: International Wader Studies. 18
The European Multicentre Bronchiectasis Audit and Research Collaboration (EMBARC) ERS Clinical Research Collaboration
Aliberti, S., Polverino, E., Chalmers, J. D., Altenburg, J., Shteinberg, M., Goeminne, P. C., Welte, T
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] | 1,024 |
CommonCrawl
| -0.622812 | 0.498993 | 0.041362 | 0.223631 |
import os
import shutil
import subprocess
import sys
import tempfile
from tests import LimitedTestCase
base_module_contents = """
import socket
import urllib
print "base", socket, urllib
"""
patching_module_contents = """
from eventlet.green import socket
from eventlet.green import urllib
from eventlet import patcher
print 'patcher', socket, urllib
patcher.inject('base', globals(), ('socket', socket), ('urllib', urllib))
del patcher
"""
import_module_contents = """
import patching
import socket
print "importing", patching, socket, patching.socket, patching.urllib
"""
class Patcher(LimitedTestCase):
TEST_TIMEOUT=3 # starting processes is time-consuming
def setUp(self):
self._saved_syspath = sys.path
self.tempdir = tempfile.mkdtemp('_patcher_test')
def tearDown(self):
sys.path = self._saved_syspath
shutil.rmtree(self.tempdir)
def write_to_tempfile(self, name, contents):
filename = os.path.join(self.tempdir, name + '.py')
fd = open(filename, "w")
fd.write(contents)
fd.close()
def launch_subprocess(self, filename):
python_path = os.pathsep.join(sys.path + [self.tempdir])
new_env = os.environ.copy()
new_env['PYTHONPATH'] = python_path
p = subprocess.Popen([sys.executable,
os.path.join(self.tempdir, filename)],
stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT, env=new_env)
return p
def test_patch_a_module(self):
self.write_to_tempfile("base", base_module_contents)
self.write_to_tempfile("patching", patching_module_contents)
self.write_to_tempfile("importing", import_module_contents)
p = self.launch_subprocess('importing.py')
output = p.communicate()
lines = output[0].split("\n")
self.assert_(lines[0].startswith('patcher'), repr(output[0]))
self.assert_(lines[1].startswith('base'), repr(output[0]))
self.assert_(lines[2].startswith('importing'), repr(output[0]))
self.assert_('eventlet.green.socket' in lines[1], repr(output[0]))
self.assert_('eventlet.green.urllib' in lines[1], repr(output[0]))
self.assert_('eventlet.green.socket' in lines[2], repr(output[0]))
self.assert_('eventlet.green.urllib' in lines[2], repr(output[0]))
self.assert_('eventlet.green.httplib' not in lines[2], repr(output[0]))
def test_import_patched_defaults(self):
self.write_to_tempfile("base", base_module_contents)
new_mod = """
from eventlet import patcher
base = patcher.import_patched('base')
print "newmod", base, base.socket, base.urllib.socket.socket
"""
self.write_to_tempfile("newmod", new_mod)
p = self.launch_subprocess('newmod.py')
output = p.communicate()
lines = output[0].split("\n")
self.assert_(lines[0].startswith('base'), repr(output[0]))
self.assert_(lines[1].startswith('newmod'), repr(output[0]))
self.assert_('eventlet.green.socket' in lines[1], repr(output[0]))
self.assert_('GreenSocket' in lines[1], repr(output[0]))
def test_monkey_patch(self):
new_mod = """
from
|
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Github
| -1.314304 | 0.428912 | -0.698343 | -0.169746 |
Thesis: "Educational and Collective Intelligence System Optimisation based on Behavioural Modelling and Machine Learning Techniques"
CROSSCULT - "Empowering reuse of digital cultural heritage in context-aware crosscuts of European history"
ACCORDO - "Computational Methods for Human Use Optimization in Complex Crowdsourcing"
Experimedia BLUE - "Personalized Museum Exhibit Monitoring and Description Based on Individual Visiting and Cognitive Style"
RHEA - "Collective Intelligence based Algorithms for the Improvement of Corporate Functions with Application on Operational Risk Management"
Schmitz, H., Lykourentzou, I. (2018) Online Sequencing of Non-Decomposable Macrotasks in Expert Crowdsourcing, ACM Transactions on Social Computing, 1(1), 1-33.
and Social Computing (CSCW 2017), February 25 – March 1, Portland, USA.
Lykourentzou I., Antoniou A., Naudet Y., Dow S. (2016), "Personality Matters: Balancing for Personality Types Leads to Better Outcomes for Crowd Teams", 19th ACM conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing (CSCW 2016), February 27–March 2, San Francisco, USA. Honorable mention (top 5%).
Lykourentzou, I., Naudet Y., Vandenabeele, Luc (2016) "Reflecting on European History with the Help of Technology: The CrossCult Project", Eurographics Workshop on Graphics and Cultural Heritage, Catalano C. E and De Luca L. (eds.), The Eurographics Association.
Basu Roy S., Lykourentzou I., Thirumuruganathan S., Amer-Yahia S., Das G., (2015) "Task assignment optimization in knowledge-intensive crowdsourcing", VLDB Journal, 24(4), 467-491. Impact factor: 1.568.
Codocedo, V., Lykourentzou, I., Napoli, A., (2014) "A semantic approach to Concept Lattice-based Information Retrieval", Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence, 72(1-2), 169-195.
Lykourentzou I., Claude X., Naudet Y., Tobias E., Antoniou A., Lepouras G., Vassilakis C., (2013) "Improving museum visitors' Quality of Experience through intelligent recommendations: A visiting style-based approach", Workshop Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Intelligent Environments (IE'13), J.A. Botía and D. Charitos (Eds.), 507-518.
Lykourentzou I., Dagka F., Papadaki K., Lepouras G., Vassilakis C. (2012) "Wikis in enterprise settings: A survey". Enterprise Information Systems, 6(1), 1-53. Impact factor: 2.269.
Lykourentzou, I., Papadaki, K., Vergados, D. J., Polemi, D., Loumos, V. (2010) "CorpWiki: A self-regulating wiki to promote corporate collective intelligence through expert peer matching", Information Sciences, Special Issue: Collective Intelligence, 180(1), 18-38, ISSN 0020-0255. Impact factor: 3.364.
Lykourentzou, I., Giannoukos, I., Mpardis, G., Nikolopoulos, V., Loumos, V. (2009) "Dropout prediction in e-learning courses through the combination of machine learning techniques", Computers & Education , 53 (3), 950-965. Impact factor: 2.881.
Title: "Technology Ecosystems and Living Lab Approaches for Digital Cultural Heritage"
Title: "Guided crowdsourcing: Introduction, current approaches and open issues"
Title: "T
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C4
| 0.047793 | 1.049254 | 0.573053 | 1.038211 |
Joyce Carol Oates (Lockport (New York), 16 juni 1938) is een Amerikaans schrijfster van romans, novellen, verhalen, poëzie, essays en kinderboeken. Oates schrijft ook wel onder de pseudoniemen Rosamond Smith en Lauren Kelly.
Leven
Oates groeide op in een eenvoudig katholiek gezin in het landelijke noordwesten van de staat New York. Ze studeerde Engels en filosofie aan de Syracuse-universiteit te New York en aan de Universiteit van Wisconsin en verwierf in 1961 de titel 'Master of Arts'. Daarna werkte ze als universitair docente in Detroit, Windsor en uiteindelijk aan de Princeton-universiteit (creatief schrijven).
Oates huwde tweemaal: de eerste keer met literatuurwetenschapper Raymond J. Smith en kort na diens dood in 2008 met de neurowetenschapper Charles Gross. Hij overleed in 2019. Ze heeft geen kinderen.
In 2019 kreeg ze voor haar oeuvre de Jeruzalemprijs.
Werk
Oates begon reeds als kind intensief te schrijven en kreeg in 1959 haar eerste erkenning met het verhaal In the old world. Sindsdien publiceerde ze een omvangrijk oeuvre aan romans, novellen, verhalen, poëzie, essays en kinderboeken, van ongelijke kwaliteit. Met name haar vroege romans lijken vaak op dwangmatige therapeutische geschriften en vaak worden ze daarmee enigszins wijdlopig. Niettemin onthult ze op haar sterke momenten wezenlijke aspecten van haar mens-zijn doorheen de Amerikaanse cultus van oppervlakkigheid, onder meer in realistische, vaak horrorachtige geweldsbeschrijvingen, die ook gezien kunnen worden als een 'overcompensatie van haar fragiele figuur'. Een ander belangrijk thema in haar werk is de gecompliceerde verdeling van de macht in Amerika, met haar gesloten juridische en medische bolwerken.
Bekende werken van Oates zijn Them (1969, bekroond met de National Book Award), dat zich afspeelt in een getto in Detroit, het literair hoog aangeslagen Childworld (1976) en de fantastische roman Bellefleur (1980). Haar roman We Were the Mulvaneys (1996), over de desintegratie van een "perfecte" Amerikaanse familie na een verkrachting van de dochter, werd in 2001 een bestseller nadat het was geprezen in Oprah's Book Club. Blonde (2000) is een biografische roman over Marilyn Monroe.
Oates wordt het meest geprezen om haar proza. Haar toneelwerken en poëzie werden door de kritiek over het algemeen minder goed ontvangen. Haar werk werd meermaals onderscheiden, diverse van haar boeken werden ook verfilmd. Meerdere van haar werken werden in het Nederlands vertaald.
Bibliografie
Romans
With Shuddering Fall (1964)
A Garden of Earthly Delights (1967)
Expensive People (1968)
them (1969)
Wonderland (1971)
Do with Me What You Will (1973); Nederlands: Doe met me wat je wilt
The Assassins: A Book of Hours (1975)
Childwold (1976)
Son of the Morning (1978)
Cybele (1979)
Unholy Loves (1979)
Bellefleur (1980)
Angel of Light (1981)
A Bloodsmoor Romance (1982)
Mysteries of Winterthurn (1984)
Solstice (1985)
Marya: A Life (1986)
You Must Remember This (1987)
American Appet
|
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] | 1,024 |
Wikipedia
| 0.910969 | -0.10253 | -0.094026 | -0.196309 |
ites (1989) ; Nederlands: Een Amerikaanse droom
Because It Is Bitter, and Because It Is My Heart (1990)
Foxfire: Confessions of a Girl Gang (1993)
What I Lived For (1994)
Zombie (1995)
We Were the Mulvaneys (1996)
Man Crazy (1997)
My Heart Laid Bare (1998)
Broke Heart Blues (1999)
Blonde (2000)
Middle Age: A Romance (2001)
I'll Take You There (2002)
The Tattooed Girl (2003)
The Falls (2004)
Missing Mom (2005)
Black Girl/White Girl (2006)
The Gravedigger's Daughter (2007)
The Fair Maiden (2010)
Romans als "Rosamond Smith"
Lives of the Twins (1987)
Soul/Mate (1989)
Nemesis (1990)
Snake Eyes (1992)
You Can't Catch Me (1995)
Double Delight (1997)
Starr Bright Will Be With you Soon (1999)
The Barrens (2001)
Romans als "Lauren Kelly
Take Me, Take Me With You (2003)
The Stolen Heart (2005)
Blood Mask (2006)
Novellen
The Triumph of the Spider Monkey (1976)
I Lock My Door Upon Myself (1990)
The Rise of Life on Earth (1991)
Black Water (1992); Nederlands: Zwart water
First Love: A Gothic Tale (1996)
Beasts (2002)
Rape: A Love Story (2003)
Verhalenbundels
By the North Gate (1963)
Upon the Sweeping Flood And Other Stories (1966)
The Wheel of Love And Other Stories (1970); Nederlands: Het rad van liefde
Marriages and Infidelities (1972); Nederlands: Het onschendbare huwelijk en andere verhalen
The Goddess and Other Women (1974)
The Hungry Ghosts: Seven Allusive Comedies (1974)
Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?: Stories of Young America (1974)
The Poisoned Kiss And Other Stories from the Portuguese (1975)
The Seduction & Other Stories (1975)
Crossing the Border: Fifteen Tales (1976)
Night-Side (1977)
All the Good People I've Left Behind (1979)
A Sentimental Education: Stories (1980)
Last Days: Stories (1984)
Wild Saturday (1984)
Raven's Wing: Stories (1986)
The Assignation: Stories (1989)
Oates In Exile (1990)
Heat And Other Stories (1991)
Where Is Here? (1992)
Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?: Selected Early Stories (1993)
Haunted: Tales of the Grotesque (1994)
Demon and other tales (1996)
Will You Always Love Me? And Other Stories (1996)
The Collector of Hearts: New Tales of the Grotesque (1998)
Faithless: Tales of Transgression (2001)
I Am No One You Know: Stories (2004)
The Female of the Species: Tales of Mystery and Suspense (2006)
High Lonesome: New & Selected Stories, 1966–2006 (2006)
Toneel
Miracle Play (1974)
Three Plays (1
|
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Wikipedia
| 0.411709 | -0.091499 | 0.167336 | -0.64028 |
"We cannot lower our guard": the second day of vaccination against Covid-19 began in Mexico
This Sunday the second day of vaccination against Covid-19 began in Mexico City. Saturday The second batch of Pfizer covid-19 vaccines arrived at the international airports of the Mexican capital and Monterrey.
Miriam Veras Godoy, General Director of the National Center for Childhood and Adolescent Health, was in charge of announcing this second day and pointed out that we still cannot lower our guard against the pandemic.
"We have to keep taking care of ourselves. We cannot lower our guard ", he asserted.
(Photo: Courtesy of the Presidency)
The Health official said that the goal is to apply the vaccine to the entire Mexican population by the end of 2021.
"We hope to achieve the goal By the end of the coming year, we are going to vaccinate the Mexican population. Until now, the vaccine is applied to the population aged 16 years and over ", andxpresó.
The vaccination will continue in the state of Coahuila next Monday, he explained.
This Saturday the president of Mexico, Andrés Manuel López Obrador, after meeting with Claudia Sheinbaum, head of government in the country's capital, and members of Federal Health, López Obrador advanced one day the application of vaccines to health personnel that will be in Mexico City and Coahuila.
The second day of application to those in the first line of care against the pandemic was scheduled for this Monday, December 28, but the president informed that the vaccination will be this Sunday 27.
On the first day of vaccination, 2,924 doses of Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine were applied in Mexico City, Toluca and Querétaro, according to the Undersecretary of Prevention and Health Promotion, Hugo López-Gatell.
In a Twitter post, López Obrador reported that the possibility of expanding beds, equipment and more health personnel to attend the emergency in Mexico City was also evaluated, which is at a red traffic light with maximum risk of contagion.
"We we met with the head of government and members of the federal health sector. We evaluate the plan expansion of beds, equipment and doctors for the city and other entities, as well as the second delivery of vaccines and application starting tomorrow to the medical personnel who treat COVID"Was the brief message from the president.
Mexico received this Saturday a second batch with 42,900 doses of vaccines against covid-19 developed by the pharmaceutical duo Pfizer / BioNTech, according to television images broadcast from the airport in the Mexican capital.
The shipment arrived at 14:45 GMT on a plane from Belgium that was expected on the runway by officials of the Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS), of the Mexican Foreign Ministry and the Navy.
Of the total of biologicals, 34,125 doses will reach the Mexican capital, and 8,775 doses will go to the city of Monterrey (Nuevo León, north) to be applied next Monday in one second inoculation cycle to medical personnel, reported the Ministry of Health.
"Today we continue aun milestone in public health ", Miriam Veras, general director of the National Center for Childhood and Adolescence Health, told the press.
A first batch of 3,000 doses of the vaccine developed by the US and German firms arrived in Mexico last Wednesday and a day later his immunization campaign began.
Mexico thus took the lead in vaccinating its health personnel together with Chile and Costa Rica, which on Thursday also began their inoculation plan with the same vaccine.
Together with the biologicals from this second shipment, they add up to 45,900 doses of the 34.4 million that pharmaceutical companies promised to deliver until the second half of 2021 in agreements with the Mexican government.
The first phase of vaccinationn will focus on the medical staff in charge of fighting COVID-19, which has left 2,330 health workers dead, including doctors, nurses, orderlies and cleaning employees.
In three weeks the second dose will be applied, as required by the Pfizer / BioNTech treatment.
A doctor today receives the vaccine against covid-19 at the General Hospital
|
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Home > Featured Articles > No lessons, but some gentle suggestions for young public health faculty after thirty great years at the Institute of Tropical Medicine
No lessons, but some gentle suggestions for young public health faculty after thirty great years at the Institute of Tropical Medicine
By Bart Criel
I turned 65 in July, and have shifted since August 1st to the status of (young) retiree. That is indeed the rule at the Institute of Tropical Medicine (ITM) in Antwerp, and for that matter also at Belgian universities. Not that I would have considered to stay longer (even if it were possible). I was/am actually looking forward to more time for other things in life… and it is thus without regret that I leave the busy professional life of a professor at the public health department behind me. It will however still take a bit of time to find and strike the right balance between further interest in "public health" (even if mostly passive from now on), and space and time for new things. But let there be no misunderstanding: I enjoyed very much the three decades of work at ITM. I consider it a privilege and an honor to have been able to work at this prestigious institute, with the opportunity to meet and collaborate with outstanding people – in Antwerp, as well as overseas! And so I happily accepted Kristof Decoster's invitation to write an editorial for IHP on the occasion. Having no intention whatsoever to engage in a self-centered apology, I hope this piece can be of interest to the reader who may perhaps recognize a number of things and find in it inspiration for further thought.
What has been my path over the last 40 years (of which 30 at ITM) and what do I take from this journey that could be of relevance for others, and perhaps especially for younger faculty at the public health department of ITM?
I studied medicine at the Catholic University of Leuven and graduated in 1981. I am the product of a traditional medical training curriculum, largely geared towards the provision of individual curative medicine, in line with the dominant biomedical perspective. Most of my teachers were brilliant clinical specialists, many of them operating at the top of the health care pyramid in Belgium: i.e. a tertiary hospital-based environment with high-tech diagnostic support services (NB: in the 70's and 80's, the formal training of general practitioners/family doctors by general practitioners/family doctors was still in its infancy).
In my last year of medical school in Leuven, I attended the postgraduate course in Tropical Medicine at ITM. Looking back, I believe I was driven by a blend of curiosity, the longing for "adventurous" work in the world at large, complemented by a mix of idealism and probably also a certain amount of naivety. The fact that I was born in Burundi and lived with my parents and siblings for a couple of years in Ethiopia in the early 70's, no doubt also contributed to the choice to go and work in Africa. Africa is indeed an important part of my (layered) identity.
This 5-month course at ITM was a major eye-opener. I discovered (in addition, of course, to the exciting confrontation with tropical diseases) an entirely novel perspective on health, health care and health systems – and a language to reflect on it! The late Professor Harry Van Balen, then professor of public health, was key in that discovery. What was so new then, for a 25-year young Belgian medical doctor freshly trained at one of the top Belgian universities? Well, in the first place I discovered the notion of "health systems", even if at the time I did not yet fully grasp its public health relevance. Like for so many other concepts and theories, I gradually developed a deeper understanding of systems thinking over the years when studying health systems in a variety of contexts, in South and North, and over prolonged periods of time. Field exposure is indeed fertile ground for interaction between practice and theory. I also increasingly realized that health systems are social and political constructs, shaped by values and choices, in the past and present. My horizon further widened with the encounter of a "non-medical" view on health, going beyond the mere absence of disease, and integrating the notion of social determinants in health. I began to grasp the need to broaden health care beyond the provision of individual curative medicine, with due attention for the often undervalued and poorly funded preventive and prom
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otional care, at both populational and individual levels. Professor Van Balen emphasized the need to prioritize health activities on the basis of evidence, available resources, but also in line with people's perspectives and priorities. In short, it was at ITM that – for the first time ever – I heard about Primary Health Care (PHC) and the famous 1978 Alma-Ata declaration!
Later, when I worked for the Belgian Technical Cooperation in the former Zaire (now the Democratic Republic of Congo) (from 1983 to 1990), all this increasingly made sense. The long-term "confrontation" with, or rather immersion in the reality of (local) health systems in Zaire eventually proved to be a powerful opportunity to enhance my understanding of the "what", "how" and "why" questions related to the planning, organization, management and evaluation of health systems. With some hindsight, I like to see my stay in rural Zaire (in the Kasongo and Bwamanda districts respectively) as a "learning site" avant la lettre. This learning process was further structured and consolidated in the one-year Master's programme Community Health in Developing Countries at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (which I followed in 1988-89).
End of 1990, I joined the public health department at ITM. My work at ITM was characterized by a mix of research, teaching and service delivery/capacity building activities in the broad field of health systems and health policies. I was given the opportunity, liberty and autonomy to study health systems at all levels and in all their dimensions, in a range of countries (Belgium, Benin, Guinea, India, Mauritania, Uganda, Zimbabwe…), and over longer periods of time. This experience strengthened my understanding of public health concepts and has been a continuous source of inspiration for both my teaching and research.
I cannot end this brief account of my stay at ITM without explicitly applauding the decolonization debate that is today also sparkling within the walls of the institute, largely thanks to a younger generation of faculty, from North and South. It is a most fortunate development. Indeed, I am convinced there is a need to think thoroughly through the complex issue of decolonization and reflect on how this (necessary) process can eventually have a positive impact on the interpretation and framing of the rich cultural patrimony of ITM, the design and running of our educational programs, the set-up and operation of our international research platforms, the nature of our interaction with our Southern partners, and, last but not least, the composition and functioning of our institutional governance structures.
Now, what is in this story for younger colleagues? It would be presumptuous to talk about "lessons". Times have changed, each one of us is different, and my experience is by no means unique nor a "blissful one" for everybody. Perhaps an elegant way out is to formulate a number of broad suggestions…?
Let me share three of them.
First, as much as possible (as permitted by the institutional leadership), do take time for prolonged exposure to "the field" of health systems and disease control programmes, combining depth with breadth. Try to get this experience in a variety of settings, and not only in exceptional conditions (like in the case of a pandemic for instance), but also under routine day-to-day circumstances. A key element of that exposure is time: to observe what is taking place, to listen to people, to take stock of their priorities, and to take this all into account when critically reflecting on one's own work. Could this be the public health version of "slow science", perhaps?
Second, go for a personalized and optimal balance between research, teaching and service delivery/institutional capacity building activities in your academic public health work. This mix has great potential for creating synergies and boosting cross-fertilization. But people are of course not interchangeable. No one should do exactly the same as others. Being part of a multi-purpose (and multidisciplinary) team is therefore important. Some team members are fond of teaching and excel in it, others are more attracted to research, and still others thrive when engaging into institutional capacity building of overseas partners. The team as a whole can then strike a sound balance between the three above-mentioned core academic activities. An important implication is that institutional performance assessment processes should also focus on how teams perform, and not only on individual faculty.
Third, build a clear vision on
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CommonCrawl
| 2.035832 | 1.189414 | 0.525532 | 2.404278 |
Solar 'tadpole-like' jets seen with NASA'S IRIS add new clue to age-old mystery
From NASA/GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER
Scientists have discovered tadpole-shaped jets coming out of regions with intense magnetic fields on the Sun. Unlike those living on Earth, these "tadpoles" — formally called pseudo-shocks — are made entirely of plasma, the electrically conducting material made of charged particles that account for an estimated 99 percent of the observable universe. The discovery adds a new clue to one of the longest-standing mysteries in astrophysics.
mages from IRIS show the tadpole-shaped jets containing pseudo-shocks streaking out from the Sun.
CREDIT Abhishek Srivastava IIT (BHU)/Joy Ng, NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center
View animated GIF: https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/tadpole1.gif
For 150 years scientists have been trying to figure out why the wispy upper atmosphere of the Sun — the corona — is over 200 times hotter than the solar surface. This region, which extends millions of miles, somehow becomes superheated and continually releases highly charged particles, which race across the solar system at supersonic speeds.
When those particles encounter Earth, they have the potential to harm satellites and astronauts, disrupt telecommunications, and even interfere with power grids during particularly strong events. Understanding how the corona gets so hot can ultimately help us understand the fundamental physics behind what drives these disruptions.
In recent years, scientists have largely debated two possible explanations for coronal heating: nanoflares and electromagnetic waves. The nanoflare theory proposes bomb-like explosions, which release energy into the solar atmosphere. Siblings to the larger solar flares, they are expected to occur when magnetic field lines explosively reconnect, releasing a surge of hot, charged particles. An alternative theory suggests a type of electromagnetic wave called Alfvén waves might push charged particles into the atmosphere like an ocean wave pushing a surfer. Scientists now think the corona may be heated by a combination of phenomenon like these, instead of a single one alone.
The new discovery of pseudo-shocks adds another player to that debate. Particularly, it may contribute heat to the corona during specific times, namely when the Sun is active, such as during solar maximums — the most active part of the Sun's 11-year cycle marked by an increase in sunspots, solar flares and coronal mass ejections.
The discovery of the solar tadpoles was somewhat fortuitous. When recently analyzing data from NASA's Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph, or IRIS, scientists noticed unique elongated jets emerging from sunspots ¬– cool, magnetically-active regions on the Sun's surface — and rising 3,000 miles up into the inner corona. The jets, with bulky heads and rarefied tails, looked to the scientists like tadpoles swimming up through the Sun's layers.
"We were looking for waves and plasma ejecta, but instead, we noticed these dynamical pseudo-shocks, like disconnected plasma jets, that are not like real shocks but highly energetic to fulfill Sun's radiative losses," said Abhishek Srivastava, scientist at the Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) in Varanasi, India, and lead author on the new paper in Nature Astronomy.
Using computer simulations matching the events, they determined these pseudo-shocks could carry enough energy and plasma to heat the inner corona.
The scientists believe the pseudo-shocks are ejected by magnetic reconnection — an explosive tangling of magnetic field lines, which often occurs in and around sunspots. The pseudo-shocks have only been observed around the rims of sunspots so far, but scientists expect they'll be found in other highly magnetized regions as well.
Over the past five years, IRIS has kept an eye on the Sun in its 10,000-plus orbits around Earth. It's one of several in NASA's Sun-staring fleet that have continually observed the Sun over the past two decades. Together, they are working to resolve the debate over coronal heating and solve other mysteries the Sun keeps.
|
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] | 1,024 |
CommonCrawl
| 1.131051 | 1.308811 | 2.353723 | 1.579578 |
The tadpole-shaped pseudo-shocks, shown in dashed white box, are ejected from highly magnetized regions on the solar surface. CREDIT Abhishek Srivastava IIT (BHU)/Joy Ng, NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center
"From the beginning, the IRIS science investigation has focused on combining high-resolution observations of the solar atmosphere with numerical simulations that capture essential physical processes," said Bart De Pontieu research scientist at Lockheed Martin Solar & Astrophysics Laboratory in Palo Alto, California. "This paper is a nice illustration of how such a coordinated approach can lead to new physical insights into what drives the dynamics of the solar atmosphere."
The newest member in NASA's heliophysics fleet, Parker Solar Probe, may be able to provide some additional clues to the coronal heating mystery. Launched in 2018, the spacecraft flies through the solar corona to trace how energy and heat move through the region and to explore what accelerates the solar wind as well as solar energetic particles. Looking at phenomena far above the region where pseudo-shocks are found, Parker Solar Probe's investigation hopes to shed light on other heating mechanisms, like nanoflares and electromagnetic waves. This work will complement the research conducted with IRIS.
"This new heating mechanism could be compared to the investigations that Parker Solar Probe will be doing," said Aleida Higginson, deputy project scientist for Parker Solar Probe at Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory in Laurel, Maryland. "Together they could provide a comprehensive picture of coronal heating."
Laughable idea: Duluth, MN as a 'climate refugee city'
Curious discovery: a white dwarf star with rings
I dips me pseudo lid to them mighty tough tadpoles.
Lars Silen
Think! What is the origin of a magnetic field? What is seen is the interplay of strong currents. If there are currents then there are electric fields proiding the heating in the corona.
Reply to Lars Silen
Patrick MJD
"Over the past five years, IRIS has kept an eye on the Sun in its 10,000-plus orbits around Earth."
The sun was in line-of-sight all the time?
TonyL
Reply to Patrick MJD
Theoretically possible.
The satellite orbits above the terminator, the line which separates day from night. Then the sun is visible non-stop. Not sure it is strictly required, though.
Mama always told me not to look into the eyes of the sun. But mama! That's where the fun is!
Its obviously downwelling radiation from a layer of CO2….
Urederra
Those are the little swimmers that fertilize Gaia.
Gaia theory is confirmed by Nasa.
Watch out for the solar frogs that will be leaping out of the corona in a few weeks if they're seeing tadpoles now.
Anthony were you hoping for some more intelligent commentary?
Reply to Warren
Not from you.
I wonder if it is related to Solar Corona Rain?
https://phys.org/news/2014-06-sun-coronal-great.html
It actually rains on the Sun!
And as we know all rain needs an aerosol (plasma-sol ?) nucleation, is Solar plasma rain affected by GCR intensity – a kind of catalysis ?
Luther Bl't
Logical. Without rain the tadpoles would dry up and perish.
jmorpuss
could this super heated water explode and leave a sun spot and cause a mass ejection ???
Reply to jmorpuss
When you where a kid , did you ever squirt water on red hot coals and see the dark spot it left for a while? It looked like a sun spot. There's plenty of hydrogen ejected from the sun, all you need is oxygen and bingo H2O water-vapour. This all takes place while the sun is in the middle of a 11 year cyclic pole flip. If the sun has a Bow Shock or a Bow Wave, it means it's travelling through something that puts up a resistance. All the planets in our solar system are sucked along in the tail of the sun as it'
|
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] | 1,024 |
CommonCrawl
| -0.230197 | 0.258254 | 0.912868 | 0.358024 |
s sucked along around the galaxy we call the milky way.
"The two Voyager spacecraft have explored the outer reaches of the heliosphere, passing through the termination shock and the heliosheath. NASA announced in 2013 that Voyager 1 had encountered the heliopause on August 25, 2012, when the spacecraft measured a sudden increase in plasma density of about forty times.[2] In 2018, NASA announced that Voyager 2 had traversed the heliopause on November 5 of that year.[3] Because the heliopause marks the boundary between matter originating from the Sun and matter originating from the rest of the galaxy, spacecraft such as the two Voyagers, which have departed the heliosphere, can be said to have reached interstellar space. "
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere
Peter C.
Sigh the sun is electric .
Reply to Peter C.
So is a thunder storm in part, but a thunderstorm is much more than electrical phenomena. Even a nuclear explosion is partly an electric phenomena but mostly the electrical aspects emerge as effects of matter v matter, and matter v photon interaction. So do we then conclude the universe is wholly electric? Or is it just that matter in its dynamic process of interactions innately generates electrical phenomena as a result of releasing charged matter particles?
Keith Sketchley
Reply to WXcycles
Neutrons and photons have no charge, and both are significant particles in our universe.
Reply to Keith Sketchley
So no 'electric universe' then?
(Take the following with a grain of salt.)
The tadpoles swim around, creating a current, which generates electricity. That makes the Sun electric. So if the Sun is electric, isn't putting up solar panels to generate electricity on Earth stealing electricity from the Sun? They absorb solar energy, don't they? And solar energy is electricity, so if you steal electricity from the Sun, it will go out, won't it? /s
Try that argument on some Greenies and see if they can sort it out. It should confuse them. If it doesn't, I haven't done my job.
Leif Svalgaard
An alternative theory suggests a type of electromagnetic wave called Alfvén waves
Alfvén waves are not electromagnetic waves, but a type of magnetohydrodynamic wave in which ions oscillate in response to the restoring force provided by an effective tension on the magnetic field lines. So are waves in matter.
JimG1
Reply to Leif Svalgaard
Lief,
"So are waves in matter."
In laboratory proven quantum theory these waves collapse into solid particles when "observed" . So, when not observed all of this is a probability distribution of potential solid matter in wave form. I guess "Someone" is always looking. I wonder Who?
JimG
Reply to JimG1
In laboratory proven quantum theory these waves collapse into solid particles when "observed"
No, it is not a quantum issue. As Alfven said [1942]: "If a conducting liquid is placed in a constant magnetic field, every motion of the liquid gives rise to an E.M.F. which produces electric currents. Owing to the magnetic field, these currents give mechanical forces which change the state of motion of the liquid." So, conducting matter [e.g. plasma, but also Mercury and other fluids] moving in a magnetic field creates electric currents whose magnetic field, producing mechanical forces which act back on the fluid, and to the initial field and thus sustains the movements of the charged [the propagating 'wave'].
Johanus
Before we get deluged with all kinds of "tadpole" theories, explaining how these corona-busting tadpoles somehow (watch my hands wave) control the Earth's climate, consider this solar factoid: the Sun's corona is astonishingly tenuous.
In fact, the Earth's atmosphere is almost 2000 times more massive (5×10¹⁸kg) than the corona (3×10¹⁴kg). To put that in a more familiar perspective, consider that Mount Everest contains ten times more mass (3×10¹⁵kg) than the corona.
Pieces of the corona, with mass on the order of a billion kilograms, are frequently emitted as CME'
|
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CommonCrawl
| -0.300501 | 0.270583 | 0.705751 | 0.22869 |
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C4
| -1.854999 | -1.471045 | -1.598541 | -1.749577 |
Live coverage: Watch as LG unveils the hot new LG G6
Chris Smith @chris_writes
It's late February again, and Mobile World Congress is in full swing here in Barcelona, Spain. All the major smartphone vendors out there (with one notable fruity exception, of course) are preparing to showcase hot new smartphones, tablets and laptops, and LG is definitely one to watch. Below, you'll find all the information you need to follow LG's event as it unfolds, including the live streaming video and our live blog coverage. In fact, if you're up this early to watch LG's press event, it probably means you're already well aware that the company is about to take the wraps off its next-generation flagship smartphone, the LG G6.
The company is emerging from a bad year for its mobile business. Its modular LG G5 experiment failed to convince buyers it was a worthwhile option, so the South Korean giant is about to unveil a completely redesigned premium handset.
Just like the previous G-branded models that preceded it, the LG G6 is not a tightly kept secret. We know what it'll look like, we know its main specs, and we know when it's supposed to be released. But that doesn't make the G6 any less exciting. Actually, the new LG flagship will most likely be one of the best handsets to come out of MWC 2017 — maybe the best, considering a certain flagship smartphone duo isn't going to be unveiled in Spain this year.
Image Source: @evleaks
LG already teased and/or announced some of the G6's features, and just about everything it failed to announce in advanced has already leaked from various trustworthy sources. The main feature of the handset will be a brand new type of LCD display that will take up most of the front side of the phone. That's something LG pioneered in previous years, but the bezels will be even slimmer in 2017.
The G6 is also expected to be dust and water resistant, and it'll feature a premium design and built that is entirely glass and metal. The dual-lens camera on the back is also something to keep an eye out for. If there's one thing that might disappoint some people, it's the processor, which will be a late-2016 chipset rather than the hot new Snapdragon 835 from Qualcomm.
Live streaming video from LG's MWC press conference is available below, and then you'll find our live blog from the event beneath that. The press conference is scheduled to start at 6:00 AM EST / 3:00 AM PST, and we'll have more in-depth LG G6 coverage as the event unfolds, so stay tuned!
February 26, 20176:55 AM
Don't forget to check out our detailed hands-on experience with what will be one of the best Android phones in town, at least until something better comes along.
Apparently not. That's the LG G6 show, folks!
Wait a second, no availability details?
We saw the specs, and one final video is playing on the huge screen.
Snap Shot, Grid Shot, Guide Shot, and Match Shot are some of them.
LG UX 6.0 is what will make your pictures come to life. Expect a bunch of shooting modes for both the rear and front cameras.
The Snapdragon 821 does bring a unique feature to the G6: optical zoom.
HDR10 does look impressive.
The Snapdragon 821 "was the ideal choice" they say.
Qualcomm is on stage to talk Snapdragon details. Don't get excited about the Snapdragon 835 though.
Wide-angle selfies are also confirmed — that's 100-degree wide-angle photos for the front-facing shooter.
"It's not a megapixels race." Instead, it's all about how much detail the sensor can capture.
13-megapixel wide-angle pictures coming to LG G6.
Time to move on to "cutting-edge" cameras.
"Ok Google, how do I improve the Wi-Fi reception in this packed room?"
Press the
|
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] | 1,024 |
CommonCrawl
| 0.190269 | -0.766347 | -0.037988 | -0.633007 |
by Medievalists.net March 24, 2014
What medieval Europe did with its teenagers
Today, there's often a perception that Asian children are given a hard time by their parents. But a few hundred years ago northern Europe took a particularly harsh line, sending children away to live and work in someone else's home. Not surprisingly, the children didn't always like it.
What Is Your Medieval Profession?
I got Stable Boy!
What is an Australasian parrot doing in a 15th century Italian painting?
The Sulphur-crested Cockatoo is a species of parrot native to Australia and eastern Indonesia. However, you can also see one in the Madonna della Vittoria, a painting made in 1496 by Andrea Mantegna.
New Books on the Vikings
Want to know more about the Vikings? Here are five books that talk about the Norsemen, including their combs and their language.
by Sandra Alvarez March 23, 2014
Book Reviews Fiction
BOOK REVIEW: A King's Ransom – Sharon Kay Penman
A King's Ransom is the follow up to Lionheart and tells the story of King Richard I's imprisonment in Germany at the hands of Duke Leopold of Austria and Emperor Heinrich VI and of his battle to win back his Kingdom from his rapacious brother John.
The Atlas Blaeu-Van der Hem
This documentary takes a look at the Atlas Blaeu-Van der Hem – one of the largest and greatest atlases ever assembled.
Medieval Magic Tricks
How to turn water into wine, make a cross turn by itself, or have worms appear on cooked meat – some fun medieval magic tricks!
Unpleasant Affairs That Please Us: Admonition and Rebuke in the Letter Collections of the Archbishops of Canterbury, 11th and 12th Centuries
From the Norman Conquest in 1066 up to the famous "murder in the cathedral"2 in 1170, six archbishops of Canterbury ruled over the English church…
Syrian army captures Crac des Chevaliers
Syrian government forces have captured the medieval fortress of Crac des Chevaliers from rebels on Thursday.
Herb-workers and Heretics: Beguines, Bakhtin and the Basques
During the Middle Ages and early Renaissance, the word beguine was used by women to identify themselves as members of a wide-spread and influential women's movement. The same term was used by their detractors and overt opponents, with the highly charged negative meaning of "heretic." The etymology of the term "beguine" and ultimate origins of the movement have never been satisfactorily explained.
Some Considerations Regarding the Slavic God Triglav
This article presents a description Triglav, a god or complex of gods in Slavic mythology.
Translating the Life of Merlin
This essay analyses three of the most prominent translations of the Life of Merlin, in order to discern how the translator's differing methods have resulted in subtle, yet important, changes in meaning.
Guelph Treasure should remain in Germany, commission rules
An advisory commission in Germany has ruled that the Guelph Treasure should remain in a Berlin museum and not be returned to the heirs of the Jewish owners who sold the medieval artefacts to the Nazi state in the 1930s.
Death and the Fraternity: A Short Study on the Dead in Late Medieval Confraternities
Since the publication of Philippe Aries' ground-breaking The Hour of our Death, historians of confraternities have largely followed his lead and treated confraternities as a "guarantee of eternity."
The Process of State-Formation in Medieval Iceland
The aim of this article is to analyze the process of state-formation in Iceland in light of some general models of state-formation in Europe in the Middle Ages.
Dietary Laws in Medieval Christian-Jewish Polemics: A Survey
In the religious debate between Jews and Christians, the biblical dietary laws come to illustrate important assumptions concerning the "other."
Vikings – Review of Season 2 Episode 4: Eye For an Eye
This week's episode of Vikings contains one
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CommonCrawl
| 0.367557 | 0.022706 | 1.396142 | 0.906664 |
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C4
| -0.231555 | -1.816255 | -1.44253 | -0.923613 |
Hans Michael Frank (23. maj 1900 – 16. oktober 1946) var tysk, nazistisk jurist og politiker.
Tidligt liv
Hans Frank blev født i Karlsruhe som søn af en advokat.
Han meldte sig til den tyske hær i 1917 under 1. verdenskrig. I 1919 tilsluttede han sig et frikorps under Franz Ritter von Epp og var med til at bekæmpe Rådsrepublikken i München. Fra 1920 til 1926 studerede han jura og gjorde sig samtidig nyttig som juridisk rådgiver for NSDAP, det nazistiske parti.
Under krigen
I 1923 blev han medlem af NSDAP og SA og deltog i Adolf Hitlers mislykkede München-kup. Han flygtede til Østrig, men vendte snart tilbage til Tyskland og undgik videre tiltale for sin medvirken til kuppet.
Hans Frank fik juridisk embedseksamen i 1926 og slog sig ned som advokat i München og blev forsvarer for Hitler og hans tilhængere i talrige processer. I 1928 var han medstifter af Bund Nazionalsozialistischer Deutscher Juristen, den første nazistiske fagorganisation.
I 1930 blev Hans Frank valgt som medlem af den tyske rigsdag, og efter Hitlers magtovertagelse i 1933 blev han justitsminister i Bayern.
I 1934 protesterede Hans Frank mod drabene på SA-ledelsen med Ernst Röhm i spidsen, og det kostede ham indflydelse i det nazistiske magtapparat. Samme år udnævntes han til rigsminister uden portefølje; en stilling, han bevarede til krigens afslutning i 1945.
Frank blev den 26. oktober 1939 udnævnt til generalguvernør i det besatte Polen. Stillingen indebar, at han blev forvaltningschef for hele den civile forvaltning i den del af Polen, som ikke var indlemmet i Tyskland. Han blev ansvarlig for mordene på hundredtusindvis af polakker, for beslaglæggelsen af deres ejendom og for tvangsdeportation til slavearbejde i Tyskland for en million polakker. Det var også Frank, som etablerede de jødiske ghettoer, som blev forgårde til masseudryddelsen, Endlösung i koncentrationslejrene.
Han fik rang af SS-Obergruppenführer i 1942, men ragede samtidig uklar med Himmler om udnyttelsen af resurserne i Generalguvernementet. Som advarsel lod Himmler én af Franks nærmeste medarbejdere myrde. Frank krævede også visse retsregler overholdt, hvilket ikke faldt i god jord hos Hitler. Han mistede sine tillidsposter i partiet, men beholdt embedet som generalguvernør, og han forstærkede tempoet i tvangsdeportationerne.
Efter krigen
I januar 1945 flygtede han fra Polen, da de sovjetiske styrker trængte ind.
Hans Frank gik under jorden, men blev fanget den 4. maj 1945 af amerikanske tropper nær Berchtesgaden tæt på grænsen til Østrig.
Under retssagen i Nürnberg 1945-1946 påstod Frank, at han op til fjorten gange prøvede på at tage sin afsked som generalguvernør i Polen, men det ville Hitler ikke godtage.
Desuden påstod han, at det alene var Heinrich Himmler og SS, som kontrollerede massemyrderierne af jøder i de tyske koncentrationslejre i det besatte Polen.
Dommer
|
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Wikipedia
| -0.385748 | 0.631367 | 0.244893 | -0.941321 |
"We can't take it anymore" – On Hong Kong
Posted on August 18, 2019 August 19, 2019 by Laura Morrison Pibel
Featured image by: user/AznSW/ Literally it translates to "Hong Kong Add Oil!" Add oil is a Hong Kong English expression used as encouragement and support. It can be roughly translated as "Go for it".
Lawrence and Season Lee were marching on a highway with their 3-year-old daughter, who tottered along in pink galoshes. Mr. Lee said he knew that violence was always a possibility with the protests, but he felt Sunday's march was too important to miss.
"We can't take it anymore," he said. "The government hasn't given any response."
It was especially important, the Lees said, that their daughter come along to see what was happening.
"We tell her we are all doing this for your future," Mrs. Lee said.
From The New York Times: Hong Kong Protesters Defy Police Ban in Show of Strength After Tumult
What are the protests about?
What are 2019 Hong Kong protests about?
The 2019 Hong Kong anti-extradition bill protests are a series of demonstrations in Hong Kong and other cities around the world, demanding the withdrawal of the Fugitive Offenders and Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters Legislation (Amendment) Bill 2019 proposed by the Government of Hong Kong.
Explanation from The Guardian:
The protests were initially focused on a bill that would make it easier to extradite people to China from the semi-autonomous city. But the authorities' harsh policing of the protests, coupled with a refusal by Hong Kong's leader to completely withdraw the bill, mean protesters have returned to the streets time and again.
Explanation from The New York Times:
The protests began in June over a Hong Kong government proposal that would have allowed extraditions to mainland China. That legislation has been shelved, though not completely withdrawn, and the demands of the protesters have grown to include expanded direct elections and amnesty for arrested protesters. Many protesters have complained about the use of force by the police and have accused the authorities of not aggressively investigating thugs who have attacked demonstrators.
"This protest started because we didn't agree with a government policy, but as time went on we discovered many bad things about the police and the criminals and other things that make us want to speak up," said Paul Lam, 25.
The Civil Human Rights Front, the group that organized the gathering, issued a long statement criticizing what it called "Chinese-style repression" by the Hong Kong police, and called for top officers to step down.
"Today's assembly continues the will of the two million people who marched on June 16 against brutality," it said. "We want to gather the most Hong Kongers, and, using peaceful, rational and nonviolent means, unite in spirit and action to express our indignation against police brutality, as well as display Hong Kongers' firm resolve."
How can people in the US help?
1. Spread the news, images, and videos to people around you.
"Don't let it lose coverage. The only weapon and protection Hong Kong protesters have is the media. Once they lose that they literally have nothing."
Follow the r/Hong Kong Reddit feed for live news from Hong Kongers
Follow Joshua Wong on Twitter. He has been the most prominent pro-democracy Hong Konger for years now.
2. Read information related to Hong Kong's extradition law amendment bill, the reason that they are fighting against the government.
What is the problem with anti-extradition bill? It is feared that the bill would cause the city to open up to mainland Chinese law and that people from Hong Kong could become subject to a different legal system.
What is the extradition bill? The proposed bill would amend two existing laws and allow Hong Kong to transfer suspects to countries that it currently lacks a formal extradition agreement with. Crucially, one of those jurisdictions would be mainland China
Why are people concerned? Opponents worry that if the bill passes, anyone who irks Beijing could be targeted and potentially sent to the mainland, including dissidents.
Though the bill excludes political crimes, critics point out that China frequently charges dissidents, including religious leaders
|
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| 0.612092 | -0.14406 | 0.589192 | 0.995205 |
and human rights activists, with criminal offenses like "running an illegal business" and "picking quarrels."
If the bill becomes law, foreign residents and even visitors transiting through the regional hub could also be detained and sent to the mainland, a move that will potentially spook investors and send tycoons packing.
If the law passes, critics warn it will end the city's independent judiciary, and open the floodgates to China's restrictive political system.
Many Hong Kongers fear the law would be used by authorities to target political enemies and that it would signify the end of the "one country, two systems" policy, eroding the civil rights enjoyed by Hong Kong residents since the handover of sovereignty from the UK to China in 1997. – The Guardian
Legal professionals have also expressed concern over the rights of those sent across the border to be tried. The conviction rate in Chinese courts is as high as 99%. Arbitrary detentions, torture and denial of legal representation of one's choosing are also common. – The Guardian
Who opposes it? Opposition to the law spans socioeconomic and ideological divides, unifying even groups and organizations that do not typically participate in the city's political sparring.
The bill is suspended, so why aren't the protests over? As long as the bill is suspended and not canceled, protesters fear the approval process could resume. If the bill were put to a vote, it would almost certainly pass as the legislature is controlled by pro-Beijing lawmakers
Information from Worth View
3. Reach out to your congress representatives/senators/local politicians
Suggest them to grant help Hong Kong activists to gain political asylum in our country.
Suggest they support the Commissioners Reintroduce The Hong Kong Human Rights and Democracy Act
Introduced by U.S. Representative Jim McGovern (D-MA) and U.S. Senator Marco Rubio (R-FL), the Chair and Cochair respectively of the Congressional-Executive Commission on China (CECC), along with CECC Commissioner and former Chair, U.S. Representative Chris Smith (R-NJ).
It's a reintroduction of the Hong Kong Human Rights and Democracy Act, bicameral and bipartisan legislation that reaffirms the U.S. commitment to democracy, human rights, and the rule of law at a time when these freedoms and Hong Kong's autonomy are being eroded through interference by the Chinese government and Communist Party.
It makes clear that visa applicants shall not be denied visas on the basis of the applicant's arrest, detention or other adverse government action taken as a result of their participation in the nonviolent protest activities related to pro-democracy advocacy, human rights, or the rule of law in Hong Kong.
It would require the President to identify persons responsible for the abductions of Hong Kong booksellers and journalists and those complicit in suppressing basic freedoms in Hong Kong, including those complicit in the rendition of individuals, in connection to their exercise of internationally recognized rights, to mainland China for detention or trial, and to freeze their U.S.-based assets and deny them entry into the United States.
Read more on the Congressional-Executive Commission on China
Suggest them to support the Hong Kong Policy Reevaluation Act of 2019
Introduced in Senate (06/12/2019) sponsor: Sen. Cruz, Ted [R-TX]
This bill directs the Department of State to report to Congress on China's activities in relation to Hong Kong.
The report shall assess how the Chinese government extradites or coercively moves foreign nationals, including U.S. citizens, from Hong Kong to mainland China. It shall also describe how China uses Hong Kong to avoid U.S. export controls, duties on imported goods, and sanctions.
The State Department shall report on China's use of Hong Kong security agencies to (1) conduct espionage against foreign nationals, (2) conduct influence operations, and (3) violate civil liberties protected under Hong Kong law.
4. Donate to The Hong Kong Free Press
A local online-only newspaper that publishes Hong Kong news in English. Unlike the majority of media companies in HK, which people from management are connected to China government officials or from pro-China camps in HK, this newspaper roots for dem
|
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CommonCrawl
| 0.894667 | 1.070018 | 1.148677 | 0.987616 |
Q: Noto Color Emoji not rendering in Emacs I can't get Emacs on X11 to display emojis using Google's Noto Color Emoji font. I'm testing with a file containing only one Unicode character CROSSED FLAGS (U+1F38C) and a line feed. I open this file using emacs -Q crossed-flags.txt to inhibit any customizations in my init file or elsewhere to get into the way.
The buffer displays a somewhat wider-than-usual white space where the crossed flags emoji would be expected:
Here's the excerpt from C-u C-x = on the emoji's position. Specifically the line starting with ftcrhb seems to indicate that everything is fine, from Emacs' perspective:
script: emoji
syntax: w which means: word
category: .:Base
to input: type "C-x 8 RET 1f38c" or "C-x 8 RET CROSSED FLAGS"
buffer code: #xF0 #x9F #x8E #x8C
file code: #xF0 #x9F #x8E #x8C (encoded by coding system utf-8-unix)
display: by this font (glyph code):
ftcrhb:-NONE-Noto Color Emoji-regular-normal-normal-*-14-*-*-*-m-0-iso10646-1 (#xC95)
I've collected a Fontconfig trace to show where the font is loaded from using FC_DEBUG=1 emacs -Q crossed-flags.txt >emacs29-fc.log 2>&1. This contains the following info near the end, with file:... locations indicating that the font file of Noto Color Emoji could be found at the expected location.
Match Pattern has 28 elts (size 32)
family: "Noto Color Emoji"(s) "DejaVu Sans"(w) "DejaVu LGC Sans"(w) "DejaVu LGC Sans"(w) "DejaVu Sans"(w) "Bitstream Vera Sans"(w) "Verdana"(w) "Arial"(w) "Albany AMT"(w) "Luxi Sans"(w) "Nimbus Sans L"(w) "Nimbus Sans"(w) "Helvetica"(w) "Lucida Sans Unicode"(w) "BPG Glaho International"(w) "Tahoma"(w) "Noto Sans CJK JP"(w) "Noto Sans CJK SC"(w) "Noto Sans CJK TC"(w) "Nachlieli"(w) "Lucida Sans Unicode"(w) "Yudit Unicode"(w) "Kerkis"(w) "ArmNet Helvetica"(w) "Artsounk"(w) "BPG UTF8 M"(w) "Waree"(w) "Loma"(w) "Garuda"(w) "Umpush"(w) "Saysettha Unicode"(w) "JG Lao Old Arial"(w) "GF Zemen Unicode"(w) "Pigiarniq"(w) "B Davat"(w) "B Compset"(w) "Kacst-Qr"(w) "Urdu Nastaliq Unicode"(w) "Raghindi"(w) "Mukti Narrow"(w) "malayalam"(w) "Sampige"(w) "padmaa"(w) "Hapax Berbère"(w) "MS Gothic"(w) "UmePlus P Gothic"(w) "SimSun"(w) "PMingLiu"(w) "WenQuanYi Zen Hei"(w) "WenQuanYi Bitmap Song"(w) "AR PL ShanHeiSun Uni"(w) "AR PL New Sung"(w) "MgOpen Modata"(w) "VL Gothic"(w) "IPAMonaGothic"(w) "IPAGothic"(w) "Sazanami Gothic"(
|
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American Foreign
Policy Council
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Global Islamism Monitor No. 74
December 23, 2019 Ilan I. Berman, Jacob McCarty, Rebecca van Burken
Related Categories: Democracy and Governance; Human Rights and Humanitarian Issues; Intelligence and Counterintelligence; Islamic Extremism; Terrorism; Turkey; Africa
BAGHDADI'S SUCCESSOR HITS THE GROUND RUNNING
The late October death of ISIS leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi at the hands of U.S. Special Forces operators temporarily left the world's most dangerous terrorist group without a titular head. The organization, however, regrouped quickly, naming a relative unknown, identified as Abu Ibrahim al-Hashemi al-Qurayshi, as Baghdadi's replacement just days later.
Since then, researchers have worked diligently to uncover information on the new ISIS leader in order to get a sense of his worldview. And while much still remains to be learned about al-Qurayshi, scholars have begun to put together something resembling a composite picture. In particular, they believe that the new ISIS emir is an Iraqi, is not a relative of the group's original leader, but was selected from Baghdadi's inner circle. These characteristics, they note, will help the new ISIS head to maintain loyalty from the group's far-flung wilayats (provinces) and affiliates. Indeed, a number of ISIS-affiliated groups - like Somalia's dedicated ISIS affiliate - have moved quickly to publicly pledge allegiance to the new terror chief. (Associated Press, October 31, 2019; Reuters, November 3, 2019; Small Wars Journal, December 13, 2019)
SOME TENTATIVE LIBERALIZATION IN SUDAN
The transitional government in Sudan recently overturned a decades-old, sharia-inspired law that criminalized revealing women's clothing and the consumption of alcohol. It simultaneously dissolved the National Congress Party (NCP), the local Muslim Brotherhood-affiliated political party of ousted President Omar Al-Bashir. The NCP's coffers were drained, and the money reallocated to the state treasury. International human rights groups have hailed the Sudanese government's decision to overturn laws policing clothing worn by women as a positive political development in the country's post-Bashir era. However, they note, other restrictive laws, such as those that permit flogging as a form of state punishment, still remain on the books in the country. (New York Times, November 29, 2019)
TURKEY'S ULTIMATUM TO EUROPE
It is becoming clear that European officials will soon need to answer an increasingly pressing issue: what to do with returnees from the Islamic State. That's because the Turkish government is following through on its threat to release ISIS detainees and send them back to their home countries. This means the "radicalized, often battle-hardened Europeans" that Ankara has imprisoned for their participation in the global jihad are returning home, while European countries still do not have a coherent plan by which to manage the issue.
The problem confronting Europe is potentially massive in scope. According to Turkish officials, the country now has custody of more than 2,000 members of the Islamic State from over 30 countries, and plans to deport all of them back to their countries of origin - dramatically exacerbating the potential security problems in those countries in the process. (New York Times, November 17, 2019)
ALGERIA STEPS UP COUNTER-TERROR OPS
In an attempt to deter attacks by Islamist groups against civilians and government forces alike, the Algerian army has increased its security presence throughout the North African nation. The army is also tightening the country's borders with the lawless Sahel region, as well as with Libya, Mali, and Nigeria. They have also
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CommonCrawl
| 0.234187 | 0.374406 | 0.874314 | 0.312172 |
The Clicker Acknowledges The Evolution Of The Teen Drama Series
Published: Jun. 17. 2006 5:00 PM
The existence of the American Teen Drama series is something that most teenagers today take for granted. Afterall, on any given night, a kid can turn on the TV and find some show set in a high school or college that involves teenagers and young-adults battling a myriad of dramatic issues. This was not always the case though. Only in the last twenty years or so have networks begun to recognize the huge teen demographic in this country that are craving TV shows they can relate to. Aaron Spelling's 'Beverly Hills, 90210' was one of the first truly successful teen drama series. After '90210' aired, an onslaught of teen drama shows followed in its wake, hoping for the same success.
It would be an understatement to say that while '90210' may have paved the way for future high-schooly type shows, it was by no means, the best of it's genre. Don't get me wrong, I'm a huge fan of '90210' (One of my guiltiest pleasures is the collection of '90210' reruns on my Tivo) but show's like 'Buffy The Vampire Slayer' and 'Veronica Mars' outstrip '90210' by miles. And while shows like 'The OC' carry the torch for one-dimensional teen drama shows like '90210', writers such as Joss Whedon ('Buffy') and Rob Thomas ('Veronica Mars') are catering to the teens and young adults who don't mind thinking and feeling while watching TV.
So here's my breakdown of some of the more popular teen dramas.
'Beverly Hills, 90210' (1990 - 2000) - In its 10-year run, '90210' captured an audience ranging from about 13 to 25. It started out centering on a family from Minnesota who moved to Beverly Hills and attempted to adjust to the ritzy LA lifestyle. In their high school years, twins Brenda and Brandon Walsh and their gang of over-privileged pals battled the usual issues (sex, mild drug abuse, cheating on exams, etc) but by the end of the series the group's issues had expanded greatly. In fact, if you added up all of the crazy things that have happened to the '90210' friends, you'd realize just how ridiculous it all was.
Sure there has to be an element of suspension of disbelief but the writers of '90210' took the show to the level of soap-opera-fakeness. If the '90210' gang could make a list of all of their misfortunes, it would include: rape, murder, unplanned pregnancy, alcohol abuse, dozens of infidelities (many of which included members of their tight group of friends), drug abuse, gambling addiction, theft, wrongful accusations and abusive boyfriends among other things.
In essence, the show relied on dramatic circumstances to keep viewers interested. While that's all fine and good because afterall, this is a teen-drama series, other shows that came later proved it wasn't necessary to over-dramatize the lives of regular people in order to produce a watchable show. 'Party of Five' was not one of these exceptions.
'Party of Five' (1994 - 2000) - Like '90210', 'Party of Five' was supposed to center around an "average" American family, however, the Salingers were by no means, average. After losing their parents in a car accident, the Salingers have to raise themselves. Charlie (the oldest of the siblings) as the reluctant father-figure, Bailey, Julia, Claudia and Owen (the baby) attempt to make it on their own so they wont get split up. The premise of the show was good and lasted about half a season before the real drama set in.
Writers apparently ran out of normal, realistic circumstances to put the Salingers through and decided to throw the not-so-typical
|
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CommonCrawl
| 0.00381 | -0.745502 | 0.036879 | -0.364537 |
problems into the mix. Alcoholism, abuse and date rape, among other things became part of the daily Salinger life. Once I realized nothing good ever happened to the Salingers, I stopped watching. I don't mind a bit of drama but who wants to watch a show where the characters are always miserable? 'Dawson's Creek' fans, maybe.
'My So Called Life' (1994 - 1995) - 'My So Called Life' was a short-lived drama series that managed to capture the truth of a generation. If I wanted to show my kids what it was like to be a teenager in "my day", I would hand them the DVD set of 'My So Called Life'. Angela Chase (played by Claire Danes) was just your average American teenager. Going through the usual teen identity crisis, she abandons her childhood friends in favor of the outcast-crowd. The show essentially centers on Angela, her old friends, her new friends and her family, all of which are intertwined. In the eyes of many teens that watched the show, she was a real girl.
The show's demise was said to be a combination of poor ratings and Claire Danes' desire to pursue a film career. It ended prematurely, leaving viewers to wonder if Angela would end up with dreamy but somewhat mentally vacant Jordan Catalano (Mmmm Jared Leto) or nerdy but sweet Brian Krakow? Chances are if the show continued, she wouldn't have ended up with either of them. In the end, the show stayed as true to real-life as it got and how often does high school romance last, anyway? Either way, viewers were devastated when the show was cancelled. MTV reran the episodes on and off for a year or two afterwards and die-hard fans managed to get the show distributed on DVD for a brief time. I like to think 'My So Called Life' was a bit to ahead of its time in terms of writing.
'Buffy The Vampire Slayer' (1997-2003) - I just heard all the Whedon-haters sigh. Hear me out, though! I myself was anti-Buffy until very recently!
'Buffy' was a phenomenal show that I regret having missed the boat on. In fact, I didn't watch the series until two years after the final season aired. It was one of those shows that annoyed me even though I'd never caught more than a few minutes of it. It wasn't until after I watched the series that I realized it was/is the fandom surrounding the show and not the series itself, which tends to irritate non-'Buffy' fans.
Joss Whedon put the 'Buffy' series together a year or two after the film version of 'Buffy the Vampire Slayer' came out. The show was nothing like the movie and perhaps that was what drew some viewers in and drove other viewers away. Set in the fictional town of Sunnydale, California, 'Buffy' is the "chosen one". There's one Slayer in every generation and Buffy's it. She and her mother move to Sunnydale, which Buffy quickly learns is set on the mouth of hell. Sunnydale being all hell-mouthy means its basically a magnet for demons. As fate would have it, Buffy shows up in time to repeatedly ward off the forces of evil while maintaining a decent GPA.
Demons aside, 'Buffy' was one of the best teen drama series in television history. Definitely in the top three. Joss Whedon managed to capture the minds and hearts of viewers with characters who are not only good looking (a necessary factor in any successful teen-drama show) but also smart, funny and emotionally realistic.
It could be said that 'Buffy' was one of the first teen drama shows that recognized the ability of teen and young-adult viewers' to think and watch tv at the same time. The formula for the show defied the usual "OMG! Bailey's an alcoholic! Dylan cheated on Brenda!" junk that other teen shows force-fed their viewers. Instead of the melodramatic '90210' route, Whedon addressed the hardships of adolescence indirectly through the supernatural stuff. In that way he was able to make a quality teen/young
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CommonCrawl
| 0.700397 | -0.81177 | -0.009073 | 0.009866 |
-adult drama series that didn't recycle storylines from other shows.
Each season had the overall "Big Bad" that Buffy and her "scoobies" had to battle but there were also many stand-alone episodes. It's in these episodes (usually when there's a new demon in town who wont make it to the end of the episode) that the characters in the show are developed. Whedon's characters are multi-dimensional. Not only do they have realistic attributes (including flaws!) but they also have memories. When I say memories, I mean they actually remember things that happened in previous seasons and reference them from time to time. Unlike shows like '90210' where its ok to date your friend because chances are, one year later it will be as though the relationship never existed, 'Buffy' characters are actually affected by their interactions for more than just a few episodes.
It's almost as though Whedon made a list of all the teen-drama clichés and said "How can I make a show that doesn't have any of this and maybe even on occasion, pokes fun at these clichés". 'Buffy' raised the bar when it comes to drama in a TV series and not just among teens and young adults. As a 28-year-old, I can honestly say that few shows (adult and young adult alike) measure up to the quality of writing in the 'Buffy' series.
'Freaks and Geeks' (1999 - 2000) - Another teen series that was squashed well before its time was 'Freaks and Geeks'. Set in the early 80s, this show would technically be defined as a "dramedy" because though it was quite a dramatic series, there was definitely an element of humor mixed in.
'Freaks and Geeks' centered on Lindsey Weir and her younger brother. While Lindsey attempts to abandon her group of mathlete-band-geek friends in favor of the grungier crowd (you know, the ones who barely go to class and can often be found smoking under the bleachers), her younger brother Sam struggles with the realization that he is in fact, a geek. Like any significantly dorky kid in the 80s, Sam and his friends spend their time playing D&D, returning to the theaters repeatedly to watch Star Wars for the billionth time and of course, getting their butts kicked at Dodgeball. While Sam is busy getting pantsed, Lindsey wants desperately to shed her goody-goody reputation and manages to gain the friendship of some of the "freaks" in the school. Once in with them, she finds that the grass really is always greener on the other side of the cafeteria. The show got cancelled right around the time when it seemed Lindsey was finding a balance between who she was and who she thought she wanted to be.
Like 'My So Called Life', viewers felt they could relate to the Weirs and the other characters in the show (both the freaks and the geeks). The show didn't last to the end of its first season but was re-aired on Fox Family after its cancellation. The humor of the show centered mainly on the 80's-ness. Common references to 80's pop-culture were made throughout the series, which made the show all the more enjoyable. I blame the failure of the show on NBC for moving it around too much. The show's inability to anchor itself to a timeslot no doubt affected its ratings. Afterall, it was aired in the pre-Tivo years. How can we watch a show when we don't know when its going to be on? What a waste. Buy the DVD set. You wont be disappointed.
'Veronica Mars' (2004 - present) - Like 'Buffy', I was late in the game with 'Veronica Mars'. Its on UPN and as I barely watch that channel, it never occurred to me to give this show a chance. Season 2 finished up this year and after hearing that the writing was comparable to 'Buffy', I decided to give it a chance. I netflixed the first disc of Season 1 and after four episodes, I bought the season on DVD. I'd seen enough in the first four episodes of the show to know that this was one of those rare quality teen-drama shows that comes around once every five years or so. I was not about to miss the boat this time around.
Veronica Mars is a high school student
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CommonCrawl
| 0.375708 | -0.636569 | 0.095831 | 0.13003 |
whose father is a private detective. As the apple to her father's tree, Veronica takes after her old man by moonlighting as a private detective. In season one, we're introduced to the cute and perky Veronica, a high school student who, after the death of her best friend Lily, has been cast out of the "cool crowd" (The '09ers). Along with doing side-job detective work for her fellow classmates, she does her best to find out who really killed her best friend.
What makes 'Veronica Mars' one of the best series on TV today? Good writing, plain and simple. While the show's reality definitely leans towards the make-believe existence in which many teen-drama shows reside (by season 2, four of the main characters were living on their own without parental supervision despite the fact that they're all still in high school), the characters in 'VM' are well developed and more human than most of the plastic characters you see in teen dramas. Their behavior has a reason as well as a purpose. Throughout the first two seasons, getting to understand what motivates the characters has been part of what draws viewers back.
The hook of 'VM' is the detective work. A common theme between the first two seasons is the big mystery. In season one it was "Who Killed Lily?" and in season two it was "Who caused the bus to crash?". But it's the little mysteries that keep 'VM' fresh. Whether she's finding a lost dog or proving a friend's innocence, Veronica is almost always willing and able to take on a new mystery. She's loyal and well intentioned (unless you get on her bad side, in which case, watch out!).
Veronica's personal relationships with her father, her friends and boyfriends (especially the on-again/off-again relationship with Logan) have definitely played a part in the growing number of viewers (mostly teens and young adults) who are addicted to the show. Again, I attribute this to a combination of good writing and good chemistry among the actors. Never once in the 10 years that '90210' was I ever so caught up in the relationships of the characters the way I am with the ones in 'Veronica Mars'. Granted these teenagers barely act like real teenagers but the intensity of their relationships and the way they're portrayed on screen have put the show very high up on my list of best tv shows ever (I'll write it in pencil though, as the show is only in onto its third season). The show can deliver a simple moment like two characters having their first kiss, in such a way that viewers will find themselves holding their breaths through the scene and then clawing for their DVR remote to roll it back and see it again (ok maybe I'm just speaking for myself here but there you are).
The right lighting, the right music, well written lines (thank you Rob Thomas!) and phenomenal acting all contribute to the success of these moments and its these moments that make the show as good as it is. In this way, 'Veronica Mars' makes shows like '90210' look like cheesy teen soap operas with corny story lines and absolutely no suspense or plot-momentum. Then again, that is pretty much what '90210' was.
Much like 'Buffy', 'Veronica Mars' seems to have developed a pretty intense fan base. When UPN and WB were deliberating over which shows to keep and which shows to dump once the networks officially merged into the CW Network, fans launched internet campaigns to make sure season 3 of Veronica Mars would happen. Some fans even went so far as to have a banner flown over CW headquarters just to make sure execs knew the show was wanted. Their voices were heard and the show is set to air on the CW Network this fall.
So there you have it. I know there are a number of other teen-drama shows out there that went unmentioned ('Popular', 'Felicity', 'Degrassi High' etc) but it was my intention to touch on the ones that I think had the biggest impact on the genre (for better or for worse) or served as the best example of its kind.
Many people look down their noses at this type of show but I consider my tastes in television programs to be pretty eclectic. Teen Dramas seem to be evolving from what they once were (soapy fluff) and finally giving teenagers and
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CommonCrawl
| 1.302226 | -0.776081 | 0.097995 | 0.345059 |
young adults a genre they can latch onto and realistic characters that they can idolize or demonize to their liking. While there will always be 'OC' type shows out there catering to the future soap-opera addicts of America, its comforting to know that shows like 'Buffy' and 'Veronica Mars' are raising the standard for teen drama series'.
What to Watch (6/18 to 6/24)
The Family Guy (Fox) 9:00 pm
Deep Throats- (rerun) - 'The Family Guy' is mostly guy-humor but each episode is usually jam-packed with random pop-culture references which means laughter for the whole family. Though its animated, like the 'Simpsons' and 'South Park', 'Family Guy' does tend to have adult and young-adult oriented storylines.
'It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia' (Fox) 9:30 pm
Gun Control- (rerun) – I'll be honest, I haven't actually seen this show yet but the commercials in which they do a spoof of the opening of 'Friends' (The couch and the splashing around in the fountain) makes me laugh. New episodes of this sitcom will air on FX later in the month, but in the meantime, why not try out a rerun? The show takes place in Philly (duh) and centers on 4 friends who run a bar. Hmmm… sounds like the perfect setup for a sitcom. Cheers, everyone!
'Entourage' (HBO) 10:00 pm
One Day In The Valley- (New!) – If you have HBO and you aren't watching 'Entourage', you're seriously missing one of the best 30 minutes the channel has to offer each week. The third season started last week so it's not too late to get caught up! In this week's episode, Vince's agent, Ari and manager, Eric worry that the rolling blackouts in LA will affect the opening weekend box-office sales of Vince's new movie Aquaman.
'How I Met Your Mother' (CBS) 9pm
'The Duel' – (rerun) – And they said the sitcom was dead?! 'HIMYM' (as I like to call it) is one of the best sitcoms on TV right now. Granted, that's not saying much but if you're in desperate need of a break from trashy reality shows or crime investigation dramas, 'HIMYM' is the way to go! The basic premise is that a bunch of 20-somethings try to figure out how to be grown ups. Watch it if only for the hilarious Neil Patrick Harris (best known for playing the title character in 'Doogie Howser, MD'). The Duel is the episode when Ted and Marshall use their decorative swords to battle it out to decide who will get the apartment after Lily and Marshall get married. Of course, someone ended up making friends with the pointy end of one of the swords but I wont say who!
'CSI: Miami' (CBS) 10:00 pm
Driven- (rerun) - One of the great things about the CSI shows is that you don't have to tune in every week in order to be able to watch an episode now and then. In this episode, detectives are trying to find a man who shot up a bunch of people at a day spa then began breaking into the victim's homes. And to think, getting a facial and a mani-pedi is supposed to be relaxing.
'House' (Fox) 8:00 pm
Driven- (rerun) – I never get tired of 'House'. In this episode, a college senior binge-drinks himself into a shocking overdose and when I say shocking, I mean that literally. He ends up as Dr. House's patient because he has seizures that literally cause electric shocks to course through his body. As usual, House and his band of good-looking brainiac doctors have to figure out what's wrong with this kid before he fries to death.
'Veronica Mars' (UPN) 9:00 pm
Rat Saw God- (rerun) – Oh how I adore this show (see the above essay)! In this episode, Veronica tries to track down Abel Koontz's daughter because he's on
|
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CommonCrawl
| -0.369446 | -1.644948 | -0.863319 | -1.058955 |
his deathbed and wants to see her one last time. In the mean time, Logan is reunited with his dad when he's arrested for the murder of Felix. The show's about a quarter of the way into the season so if you've never seen it, you might have trouble getting into it.
'Rescue Me' (FX) 10:00 pm
Sparks- (New!) – In this episode of 'Rescue Me' the guys attempt to save a bus full of children in Harlem. On the more dramatic side, Sean tells Tommy about his relationship with Maggie, Franco figures out what the deal is with sexy-older-woman Alicia (Susan Sarandon), Probie and his roomie discuss their sexuality and Janet wants Tommy to discuss their divorce settlement sans lawyers. I expect this episode to be 1 part funny and 2 parts dramatic.
'Big Brother All-Stars: America's Choice (CBS) 8:00 pm
America's Choice- 'Big Brother' has become one of my guiltiest TV-watching pleasures. This season as most BB fans know, they're doing an All-Star season. In this week's episode, we will get to see which 20 previous houseguests are up for another chance at the game. After the episode, America will get to decide which houseguests will return to the house for another summer of laughs, lies and PB&J. My hopefuls – Kaysar(6), Howie(6), Dr. Will (2), Janelle(6), Drew(5), Roddy(3) and James(6).
'America's Got Talent (NBC) 9:00 pm
New Series!- Simon Cowell's new series in which he scours the country looking for talented American's who will compete to win $1,000,000. The contestants will range from the typical singers and dancers to less popular talents like magicians and "bizarre novelty acts". Sounds like another chance for Simon to use words like "dreadful" and "I'm-not-being-rude-but".
'My Name is Earl' (NBC) 8:00pm
Didn't Pay My Taxes- (rerun) - If you haven't been watching 'My Name Is Earl', now's your chance to see what all the fuss is about. I jumped into the series about halfway through the season so I can confirm that this is definitely the kind of show where its ok to have missed episodes. It's both funny and sweet in a simple kind of way. In this episode, Earl attempts to repay the government after not paying taxes for years. There's another episode of 'Earl' on at 9 pm.
'The Office' (NBC) 8:30pm
Office Olympics- (rerun) – This show never fails to make me laugh. In this episode, Michael and Dwight are out of the office today so Pam and Jim get everyone in the office together to play some made-up games for the unofficial "Office Olympics". There's another episode of 'The Office' at 9:30 pm.
'What I Like About You' (WB) 8:00 pm
The Perfect Date - (rerun) – So this show's been cancelled and will fall off the radar the second WB and UPN merge but that doesn't mean you can't enjoy this girly sitcom while it's still around! The episode looks like it's a good one because OMG, Brandon and Kelly are finally reunited! Ok not really but kind of. The show stars '90210's' own Jennie Garth and this episode does happen to feature a guest appearance than Jason Priestly. Yes, you can probably bet on at least one well-placed but cheesy '90210' reference so really if you've been writing in your diary begging the universe to put these two back on screen together, your wish has been granted. I haven't seen this episode but I have seen this show on more than a few occasions. Its charming in a squeaky-clean kind of way.
'Twins' (WB) 8:30 pm
Really, It's the Thought that Counts - (rerun) – Another casualty of the big WB/UPN merge, 'Twins' is taking its final breaths
|
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CommonCrawl
| -0.895877 | -1.933056 | -1.290106 | -1.468775 |
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Search for University Jobs in Business
Associate/Full Professor - Information Systems & Business Analytics
Apply for this Job »
Date Posted Nov. 20, 2020
Title Associate/Full Professor - Information Systems & Business Analytics
University University of Kansas
Lawrence, KS, United States
Department Business
Position Start Date Available immediately
Apply Online Here https://sjobs.brassring.com/TGnewUI/Sear...
Job Categories Associate Professor
Academic Fields Business - General
The School of Business at the University of Kansas is searching for a Professor in Information Systems and Business Analytics for the 2021-2022 academic year. The search is open at the Associate or Full Professor level. Appointment at a particular level will be based on an applicant's scholarly and teaching record. This is a full-time, tenure-track position beginning August 18, 2021.
Successful candidates will be expected to continue to contribute to the advancement of knowledge through high quality publications in leading academic journals, to teach courses with rigorous academic content at the undergraduate, masters, and doctoral level, and to engage in service and outreach activities that advance the educational mission of the School of Business and the University of Kansas.
The University of Kansas, School of Business has been educating students and creating business leaders since 1924. In May 2016, the school moved into the $70.5 million, 166,500-square-foot Capitol Federal Hall. The main campus is located in Lawrence, Kansas, 45 minutes west of Kansas City. For information about the University of Kansas, School of Business and living in Lawrence, see http://business.ku.edu/ and https://www.ku.edu/about-lawrence.
In a continuing effort to enrich its academic environment and provide equal educational and employment opportunities, the university actively encourages applications from members of underrepresented groups in higher education.
40% – Teach a combination of required and elective courses in information systems and/or business analytics at the undergraduate, MBA and/or doctoral levels.
40% – Conduct and publish research on information systems and/or business analytics topics in leading academic journals.
20% – Engage in school, university, and professional service activities.
Evaluation of these requirements will be made through application materials. Appointment at a particular level will be based on an applicant's scholarly and teaching record.
For appointment at the rank of Associate Professor:
A Ph.D. in a discipline directly related to information systems and/or business analytics
Record of productive teaching excellence in information systems and/or business analytics.
Demonstrated excellent scholarship as shown through publications that have enabled the candidate to be successfully promoted to Associate Professor at a research-oriented university of a similar or higher research profile as the University of Kansas.
For appointment at the rank of Full Professor:
A Ph.D. in a discipline directly related to information systems and/or business analytics.
Established record of teaching excellence in information systems and/or business analytics, as well as experience directing doctoral students.
Sustained record of excellent scholarship as shown through publications that have enabled the candidate to be successfully promoted to Full Professor at research-oriented university of a similar or higher research profile as the University of Kansas.
Contact Information to Applicants
Jide Wintoki, jwintoki@ku
|
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CommonCrawl
| -0.112005 | -0.186238 | -0.382735 | 1.321544 |
Safe-Assure llp
Price and Application
Please note that this policy covers the way we process your data on this site only.
Should you subscribe to our Safetyframe platform, please see the separate privacy policy for that application here:
https://www.safetyframe.co.uk/#/login/policies.
Safe-Assure LLP understands that your privacy is important to you and that you care about how your personal data is used. We respect and value the privacy of everyone who visits this website, www.safe-assure.com ("Our Site") and will only collect and use personal data in ways that are described here, and in a way that is consistent with Our obligations and your rights under the law. We will never sell any of your personal data.
Please read this Privacy Policy carefully and ensure that you understand it. Your acceptance of this Privacy Policy is requested upon clicking OK on the cookie banner or by continuing to browse Our site.
"Account" means an account required to access and/or use certain areas and features of Our Site;
"Cookie" means a small text file placed on your computer or device by Our Site when you visit certain parts of Our Site and/or when you use certain features of Our Site. Details of the Cookies used by Our Site are set out in Part 14, below; and
"Cookie Law" means the relevant parts of the Privacy and Electronic Communications (EC Directive) Regulations 2003;
Our Site is owned and operated by Safe Assure LLP, a Limited Liability Partnership registered in Scotland.
Registered address: Safe Assure LLP, Foothills, Perth Road, Abernethy, PH2 3TS.
3. What Does This Policy Cover?
This Privacy Policy applies only to your use of Our Site. Our Site may contain links to other websites. Please note that We have no control over how your data is collected, stored, or used by other websites and We advise you to check the privacy policies of any such websites before providing any data to them.
4. What Is Personal Data?
Personal data is defined by the UK General Data Protection Regulation (UKGDPR), tailored by the Data Protection Act 2018, (collectively, "the Data Protection Legislation") as 'any information relating to an identifiable person who can be directly or indirectly identified in particular by reference to an identifier'. In simpler terms Personal data is any information about you that enables you to be identified. Personal data covers obvious information such as your name and contact details, but it also covers less obvious information such as identification numbers, electronic location data, and other online identifiers.
5. What Are My Rights?
Under the Data Protection Legislation, you have the following rights, which We will always work to uphold:
The right to be informed about Our collection and use of your personal data. This Privacy Policy should tell you everything you need to know, but you can always contact Us to find out more or to ask any questions using the details in Part 15.
The right to access the personal data We hold about you. Part 12 will tell you how to do this.
The right to have your personal data rectified if any of your personal data held by Us is inaccurate or incomplete. Please contact Us using the details in Part 15 to find out more.
The right to be forgotten, i.e. the right to ask Us to delete or otherwise dispose of any of your personal data that We hold. Please contact Us using the details in Part 15 to find out more.
The right to restrict (i.e. prevent) the processing of your personal data.
The right to object to Us using your personal data for a particular purpose or purposes.
The right to withdraw consent. This means that, if we are relying on your consent as the legal basis for using your personal data, you are free to withdraw that consent at any time.
The right to data portability. This means that, if you have provided personal data to Us directly, we are using it with your consent or for the performance of a contract, and that data is processed using automated means, you can ask Us for a copy of that personal data to re-use with another service or business in many cases.
Rights relating to automated decision-making and profiling. We do not use your personal data in this way.
For more information about Our use of your personal data or exercising your rights as outlined above, please contact Us using the details provided in Part 15.
We are obliged to keep a record of the personal data that you share with us
|
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using contact forms on this site. If any of this changes, please keep Us informed so that we can keep your information up ro date.
Further information about your rights can also be obtained from the Information Commissioner's Office or your local Citizens Advice Bureau.
If you have any cause for complaint about Our use of your personal data, you have the right to lodge a complaint with the Information Commissioner's Office. We would welcome the opportunity to resolve your concerns ourselves, however, so please contact Us first, using the details in Part 15.
6. What Data Do You Collect and How?
Depending upon your use of Our Site, We may collect and hold some or all of the personal and non-personal data set out in the table below, using the methods also set out in the table. Please also see Part 14 for more information about Our use of Cookies and similar technologies. We do not collect any 'special category' or 'sensitive' personal data or personal data relating to children or data relating to criminal convictions and/or offences.
Data Collected How We Collect the Data
Identity Information including name, Using contact forms. The information You send comes directly to Us by email.
in date of birth, gender, title etc…
Contact information including email, Using contact forms. The information You send comes directly to Us by email.
telephone number, postal address etc…
Business information including business Using contact forms. The information You send comes directly to Us by email.
name, registered company details,
director information, address, email,
telephone number etc….
Payment information including bank Payment information is collected using GoCardless and meets the privacy adequacy provisions
account information and details etc… of the GDPR. Their privacy policy is available at: gocardless.com/privacy.
Profile information including Using contact forms. The information You send comes directly to Us by email.
preferences, login data, interests and
activities etc…
Technical information including IP Automatically through analytical tracking services as included in section 14.
Address, browser type and version and
7. How Do You Use My Personal Data?
Under the Data Protection Legislation, We must always have a lawful basis for using personal data. The following table describes how We may use your personal data, and Our lawful bases for doing so:
To process and deliver your order including:
(a) Manage payments, fees and charges
(b) Collect and recover money owed to us
(a) Notifying you about changes to our terms or privacy policy
(b) Asking you to leave a review or take a survey
To administer and protect our business and this website (including troubleshooting, data analysis, testing, system maintenance, support, reporting and hosting of data)
To deliver relevant website content to you
To enable email contact with existing and potential customers by email marketing of our products to relevant interest groups
What Data We Use
(c) Financial
(d) Transaction
Our Lawful Basis
(b) Necessary for our legitimate interests (to recover debts due to us)
a) Performance of a contract with you
(c) Necessary for our legitimate interests (to keep our records updated and to study how customers use our products/services)
(a) Necessary for our legitimate interests (for running our business, provision of administration and IT services, network security, to prevent fraud and in the context of a business reorganisation or group restructuring exercise)
Necessary for our legitimate interests (to study how customers use our products/services, to develop them, to grow our business and to inform our marketing strategy)
Necessary for our legitimate interests (to grow the business and spread the benefit of our training and safety management products to interested parties)
8. How Long Will You Keep My Personal Data?
We will retain your personal data for as long as reasonably necessary to fulfil the purposes we collected it for, including for the purposes of satisfying any legal regulatory, tax, accounting or reporting requirements. We may retain your personal data for a longer period in the event of a complaint or if we reasonably believe there is a prospect of litigation.
9. How and Where Do You Store or Transfer My Personal Data?
For the purposes of operating this website We will store or transfer some of your personal data securely within the UK where the provisions of the Data Protection Legislation apply.
We may store some of your personal data on secure servers within the European Economic Area (the "EEA"). The EEA consists of all EU member
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CommonCrawl
| -0.825233 | -0.571031 | -1.28652 | -0.309515 |
states, plus Norway, Iceland, and Liechtenstein. In this area personal data must to be protected under the Data Protection Legislation, GDPR, and/or to equivalent standards by law.
We may transfer some or all of your personal data to countries that are not part of the European Economic Area. These are known as "third countries" and may not have data protection laws that are as strong as those in the UK and/or the EEA. This means that We will take additional steps in order to ensure that your personal data is treated as safely and securely as it would be within the UK and under the Data Protection Legislation. For data transfers to these countries We use special contracts containing Standard contractual Clauses (SCCs) approved by the European Commission. These contracts require the same levels of personal data protection as would apply under the Data Protection Legislation. More information on this is available from the European Commission.
We may transfer your data to a third party based in the USA, in which case, due to the demise of the EU-US Privacy Shield, until satisfactory replacement legislative provision is in place, we will treat the USA in the same way as a third country. More information on this is available from the European Commission.
Please contact Us using the details below in Part 15 for further information about the particular data protection mechanisms used by Us when transferring your personal data to a third country.
The security of your personal data is essential to Us, and to protect your data, We take a number of important measures, including the following:
limiting access to your personal data to those employees, agents, contractors, and other third parties with a legitimate need to know and ensuring that they are subject to duties of confidentiality;
procedures for dealing with data breaches (the accidental or unlawful destruction, loss, alteration, unauthorised disclosure of, or access to, your personal data) including notifying you and/or the Information Commissioner's Office where we are legally required to do so.
10. Do You Currently Share My Personal Data in other ways?
We may sometimes contract with third parties to supply users of this website with certain products and services, and will then take steps to ensure that your personal data is handled safely, securely, and in accordance with your rights, Our obligations, and the third party's obligations under the law, as described above in Part 9.
One of our main functions is to provide our users with online training resources, and where You take this up we may share, or they may collect and share with us, your personal data for legitimate training, learning, certification and invoicing purposes. In this case we are jointly responsible with the provider for the security of your personal data.
videotile.co.uk privacy-policy
If We sell, transfer, or merge parts of Our business or assets, your personal data may be transferred to the new enterprise. We will oblige any new owner of the business to provide security for your personal data in accordance with the Data Protecton Legislation.
In some limited circumstances, We may be legally required to share certain personal data, which might include yours, if we are involved in legal proceedings or complying with legal obligations, a court order, or the instructions of a government authority.
11. Can I Withhold Information?
In addition to your rights under the Data Protection Legislation, set out in Part 5, when you submit personal data via Our Site, you may be given options to restrict Our use of your personal data. In particular, We aim to give you strong controls on Our use of your data for direct marketing purposes (including the ability to opt-out of receiving emails from Us which you may do by unsubscribing using the links provided in Our emails, at the point of providing your details and by managing your Account).
You may also wish to sign up to one or more of the preference services operating in the UK: The Telephone Preference Service ("the TPS"), the Corporate Telephone Preference Service ("the CTPS"), and the Mailing Preference Service ("the MPS"). These may help to prevent you receiving unsolicited marketing. Please note, however, that these services will not prevent you from receiving marketing communications that you have consented to receiving.
You may access certain areas of Our Site without providing any personal data at all. However, to use all features and functions available on Our Site you may be required to submit or allow for the collection of certain data.
You may restrict Our use of Cookies. For more information, see Part 14.
12. How Can I Access My Personal Data?
Youi are entitled to ask Us
|
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CommonCrawl
| -0.395343 | -0.011199 | -1.163684 | -0.064761 |
for details of any personal data We may hold about You. This is known as a "subject access request".
All subject access requests should be made in writing and sent to the email or postal addresses shown in Part 15.
There is not normally any charge for a subject access request. If your request is 'manifestly unfounded or excessive' (for example, if you make repetitive requests) a fee may be charged to cover Our administrative costs in responding.
We will respond to your subject access request within one month of receiving it. Normally, We aim to provide a complete response, including a copy of your personal data well within that time. In some cases, however, particularly if your request is more complex, more time may be required up to a maximum of three months from the date We receive your request. You will be kept fully informed of Our progress.
13. List of Current Providers
We may transfer or share your data under relevant circustances to the following providers:
Name of Company Purpose Location
VideoTile Learning Ltd Provision of eLearning courses UK
Barsiatech Pty Ltd Safetyframe web application programming/database functions India
TeamDrive Systems Gmbh Encrypted cloud data storage Germany
One.com Group Web hosting and email Denmark
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CommonCrawl
| -0.840177 | -0.653602 | -1.458669 | -0.583361 |
Russia is truly f*cked
Eric Kramer | September 10, 2022 8:03 am
I'm not talking about the current military situation or the ongoing destruction of the Russian armed forces; to be clear I hope Russia suffers a crushing defeat at the hands of the Ukrainians. I'm referring to the damage that the Ukraine war is doing to Russian society. This damage is immeasurable: extreme levels of political repression, the mass emigration of talented young people, loss of trade and direct foreign investment, the list goes on and on.
And then there's the damage done to their soldiers – tens of thousands of men killed, disabled, traumatized – and the damage these soldiers will do when they return from this brutal war:
This study examines the impact of post–September 11 (post-9/11) combat deployments on crime among veterans. We exploit the administrative procedures by which US armed forces senior commanders conditionally randomly assign active-duty servicemen to overseas deployments to estimate the causal impact of modern warfare on crime. Using data from two national surveys and a unified framework, we find that post-9/11 combat deployments substantially increase the probability of crime commission among veterans. Combat exposure increases the likelihood of gang membership, trouble with the police, punishment under the Uniform Code of Military Justice, property crime, and violent crime.
This war is a catastrophe for the Russians, and the catastrophe will not end when hostilities cease. (And no, for the record, I'm not happy about that. We should do what we can – unfortunately, probably not much – to bring Russia into the community of democratic nations.)
Comments (11) | Digg Facebook Twitter |
Fred C. Dobbs says:
The article linked above is on veterans post 9/11.
POST-9/11 WAR DEPLOYMENTS INCREASED CRIME AMONG VETERANS
US veterans that is.
Approximately 181,500 veterans are incarcerated in the United States, representing 8 percent of the prison and jail populations (Bronson et al. 2015). Many are veterans of wars waged in the Global War on Terrorism (GWOT), launched in the wake of the September 11, 2001 attacks on the United States. Thirteen percent of currently incarcerated veterans served in the Afghanistan or Iraq conflicts and approximately 45,000 incarcerated veterans were exposed to combat during their war deployments. While the incarceration rate for veterans is nearly 10 percent lower than for civilians (855 per 100,000 veterans compared to 986 per 100,000 U.S. civilians), a far greater share of incarcerated veterans has been sentenced for violent offenses (64 percent versus 48 percent) (Bronson et al. 2015). Surveys of post-9/11 veterans suggest that approximately one-third have exhibited non-job-related physical aggression and a further 11 percent engaged in "severe or lethal violence" (Elbogen et al. 2012). High-profile incidents of violence committed by post-9/11 veterans, including aggravated assaults (Simkins 2018) and mass shootings (Keneally 2018), have permeated the national news media. The link between modern warfare and violence has been tied to historically high rates of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), and substance abuse among combat veterans deployed during GWOT (Tanielian and Jaycox 2008; Cesur et al. 2019). …
There's no reason to believe Russian (or Ukrainian) veterans will fare any better, however.
It seems likely that Russian casualty rates in Ukraine are far higher than US ones were over the 22 years since the events of 9/11. War is hell, not just for civilians.
Justin Cidertrades says:
Russian casualty rates in Ukraine are far higher than US ones were over the 22 years since the events of 9/11.
Lascia
|
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CommonCrawl
| 0.006188 | 0.535331 | 1.184542 | 0.097143 |
la spina, ma cogli la rosa!
yes, Fred, casualties are much easier to prevent than to treat. we should remember that 9/11 was a warning, a reiteration of the wisdom from years of military planning that teaches us to not build High skyscrapers but to build one story only structures, spread our buildings out over large amount of area. but if we do this how can all the people in the insurance company's office be close enough to each other for more communication?
with a better system of roads that will link people together well enough so that we do not have to build skyscrapers. A proper gridwork of roads should include only one-way streets with free-flow interchanges, no traffic signals that turn off after disasters. With only one-way roads a free-flow interchange requires only 2 ramps.
Simplicity is the meaning life.
~~Occam's first postulate~
Russia vs. Ukraine: How does this end?
Brookings Inst – March 10
… The fighting could continue for weeks or longer, taking more lives on top of the thousands already lost. The Kremlin has expressed maximalist demands as the price for a cease-fire and did not react positively when Kyiv hinted at some readiness to compromise. The key question: Will Putin agree to a real negotiation, or will he continue to press on with his war of choice? …
The fighting has taken a large human toll. As of March 9, the United Nations estimated that more than 500 civilians have been killed (likely a vast undercount) and some 2.1 million refugees have fled the country, numbers that grow by the day, particularly as the Russian military conducts indiscriminate artillery and rocket attacks on major cities. The war has also cost Russia. Its Ministry of Defense reported on March 2 that some 500 Russian soldiers had been killed in action. On March 8, the Pentagon estimated, albeit with "low confidence," that the war had claimed the lives of 2,000 to 4,000 Russians soldiers.
If the Kremlin was surprised by the underperformance of its military and the resolve of the Ukrainians, it was equally surprised by the Western reaction. NATO has deployed thousands of troops to the Baltic states, Poland, Romania, and Bulgaria. The United States, European Union, Britain, Canada, and others, including Switzerland, Singapore, Japan, Australia, and New Zealand, slapped major financial and other sanctions on Russia, including on its central bank. The ruble crashed, and the central bank, anticipating the coming spike in inflation, doubled its key lending rate to 20%. …
If Moscow showed interest in a true negotiation with Kyiv, the United States and NATO could also renew their offers to negotiate on arms control, risk reduction, and transparency measures that could make a genuine contribution to European security, including Russia's. The West could also make clear that, if Russian forces left Ukraine, there would be sanctions relief (though the West might retain some sanctions in place to ensure Moscow's follow-up).
A settlement effort thus could proceed along three tracks: a negotiation between Kyiv and Moscow, a negotiation on measures to enhance Europe's security, and a discussion of sanctions relief. Yet those tracks can go nowhere absent a change in the Kremlin's approach.
Will Putin rethink his objectives? On his current course, a military "victory" would appear to entail a years- or decades-long occupation of a hostile, anti-Russian Ukraine, political isolation from most of the world, and economic sanctions that will devastate the Russian economy. One would think there has to be a better option.
Counting Russian casualties — in the 'fog of war'
Grid News – August 18
… there is the Ukrainian "official" tally of Russian dead, which is updated often and was most recently given as 43,000. While the Ukrainians at least offer some documentation for their assessments, this is almost certainly an exaggerated number. …
The death toll for Russian fighters likely lies somewhere north of 15,000 to 20,000, although those numbers were first given by Western intelligence agencies some months ago; if they were even close to correct then, the total will likely be higher now. …
… On June 10, top advisers to Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy
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CommonCrawl
| 0.519712 | 0.484717 | 0.653523 | 0.291934 |
estimated that 10,000 Ukrainian soldiers had been killed since the war began. U.S. intelligence officials have put the number at 5,500 to 11,000 Ukrainian soldiers killed since the invasion. …
Russia announces troop pullback after Ukrainian offensive in Kharkiv area
Boston Globe – Sep 10
(AP) — Russia's Defense Ministry announced Saturday that it's pulling back troops from two areas in Ukraine's eastern Kharkiv region where a Ukrainian counteroffensive has made significant advances in the past week.
The news came after days of apparent advances by Ukraine south of Kharkiv, the country's second-largest city, in what could become the biggest battlefield success for Ukrainian forces since they thwarted a Russian attempt to seize the capital of Kyiv at the start of the nearly seven-month war.
Russian Defense Ministry spokesman Igor Konashenkov said Saturday that troops would be regrouped from the Balakliya and Izyum areas to Ukraine's eastern Donetsk region. Izyum was a major base for Russian forces in the Kharkiv region and earlier this week social media videos showed residents of Balakliya joyfully cheering as Ukrainian troops moved in.
Konashenkov said the Russian move is being made "in order to achieve the stated goals of the special military operation to liberate Donbas,'" one of the eastern Ukraine regions that Russia has declared sovereign.
The claim of pullback to concentrate on Donetsk is similar to the justification Russia gave for pulling back its forces from the Kyiv region earlier this year when they failed to take the Ukrainian capital. …
… Ukrainian officials earlier Saturday claimed major gains in a counteroffensive against Russian forces in the Kharkiv region, saying Ukrainian troops had cut off vital supplies to Izyum.
Ukrainian Foreign Ministry spokesman Oleh Nikolenko also suggested the Ukrainian troops had retaken Kupiansk, a town along the main supply route to Izyum, long a focus on the Russian front line and the site of heavy artillery and other fighting. Nikolenko tweeted a photo showing soldiers in front of what he said was a government building in Kupiansk, 73 kilometers (45 miles) north of Izyum.
The Ukrainian Security Service of Ukraine hours later posted a message which it said showed its forces in Kupiansk, further suggesting it had been seized by Ukrainian troops. …
Earlier Saturday, the British Defense Ministry told reporters it believed the Ukrainians had advanced as much as 50 kilometers (30 miles) south of Kharkiv, and described Russian forces around Izyum as "increasingly isolated."
"Russian forces were likely taken by surprise. The sector was only lightly held and Ukrainian units have captured or surrounded several towns," the British military said, adding that the loss of Kupiansk would greatly affect Russian supply lines. …
Do not see Putin backing down— has TFG shown any signs of backing down? The real question is why those close to Putin and TFG never challenge them.
Russia Confirms Flight of Troops From Ukraine's Kharkiv Area
Bloomberg – Sep 10
Thousands of Russian troops retreated in the face of a lightning Ukrainian offensive in the Kharkiv region that threatens to derail the Kremlin's bid to cement control of Ukraine's east.
A local Moscow-backed official and pro-Russian military bloggers said Saturday that Kremlin forces had pulled out of Izyum, a staging post for the campaign in Donbas, to avoid being encircled. …
Elsewhere: "Russia has deployed helicopters and weapons in the occupied Ukrainian Kherson region in an effort to round up soldiers who had deserted…"
Barrier Troops
As early as WW1, Russia used 'barrier troops' to stop their own soldiers from fleeing battle. Used more extensively under Stalin in WW2. Used sporadically by other armies in other conflicts, presumably.
See also: Paths of Glory
Paths of Glory is a 1957 American anti-war film co-written and directed by Stanley Kubrick, based on the novel of the same name by Humphrey Cobb. Set during World War I, the film stars Kirk Douglas as Colonel Dax, the commanding officer of French soldiers who refuse to continue a suicidal attack, after which Dax attempts to defend them against charges of
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CommonCrawl
| -0.279953 | 0.218671 | 1.141504 | -0.287696 |
Compromised SolarWinds Update Found at...
Compromised SolarWinds Update Found at 37 US Defense Suppliers; Microsoft Exchange and RDP Vulnerabilities are Prime Attacker Targets; Cyberinsurance Provider CNA Hit by Ransomware and Pays $40M Ransom
SolarWinds Supply Chain Attack Affected 37 Companies in US Defense Industrial Base
In testimony before the US Senate Armed Services cyber subcommittee, Rear Adm. William Chase III told legislators that 37 companies within the defense industrial base were affected by the SolarWinds supply chain attack. Chase also noted that the Department of Defense (DOD) was not affected by SolarWinds or by Hafnium.
Key quote here: "… the Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification, DOD's nascent program for improving the cybersecurity of the defense industrial base, would not necessarily have prevented the intrusions." Maturity models are great for identifying and communicating the most dangerous gaps in security processes but do NOT focus on actual testing and continual monitoring. Simple example: many software vendors that achieved the highest levels on the software Capability Maturity Model continued to deliver code with well-known vulnerabilities. Active monitoring and testing are needed to deal with software supply chain attacks.
Nextgov: 37 Defense Industrial Base Companies Affected by SolarWinds Intrusion
Hackers Scanning for Exchange Server Vulnerabilities Within Minutes of Disclosure
Researchers from Palo Alto networks say that hackers were scanning for vulnerable Exchange Servers within minutes after Microsoft disclosed the four zero-day vulnerabilities. The report also says that Remote Desktop Protocol accounted for 32 percent of security issues.
To support work from home, many organizations hurriedly pushed out RDP-based approaches and attackers have been taking advantage of that (also see the Sophos news item below). As we return to the "new normal," more secure ways of supporting remote access should be top priority as part of the plan for employees returning to some amount of working from the office.
While Exchange vulnerabilities are the newest shiny thing to exploit, don't lose sight of other less sexy vulnerabilities. Your email IT team should already be on a rapid cadence of patching Exchange, even though you've already asked them to start migrating to your chosen cloud email solution, so the rest of your team can focus on the regular bouts of OS and application patches. In case you missed it, Wind River released updates to VxWorks which may impact many of your OT systems.
The Register: Miscreants started scanning for Exchange Hafnium vulns five minutes after Microsoft told world about zero-days
ZDNet: Cybercriminals scanned for vulnerable Microsoft Exchange servers within five minutes of news going public
CNA Paid $40M Ransom After March Attack
CNA Financial Corporation, the Chicago-based insurance company, reportedly paid a $40 million ransom demand after its network was hit with a ransomware attack earlier this year. CNA paid the sum two weeks after the attack, which locked employees out of the network and compromised customer data. A company spokesperson said that "CNA is not commenting on the ransom."
This incident pre-dates the recent ransomware attack that hit AXA, another large cyber insurance carrier that had issued coverage to Colonial Pipeline, who also paid ransom. AXA recently announced it would stop issuing policies that would cover ransom payments – more carriers are likely to do the same. CNA Financial has over $10B in annual revenue and is in the top ten of cyberinsurance policy issuers and offered a "CyberPrep" service to policy holders, a " … proactive program of cyber risk services designed to help identify, mitigate and respond to persistent and emerging threats." I'd like to hear if they were using their own service and what went wrong.
Before making the payment, CNA checked guidance and informed their regulators, including the Office of Foreign Assets Control, which enforces economic and trade sanctions against targeted foreign countries and regimes, terrorists and drug traffickers; and the FBI. While payment is not desired, being aligned with legal and regulatory guidance will minimize future blowback. Transparency about the event and relating actions has shown itself to be the best option as you need a consistent message not only for customers but also for
|
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CommonCrawl
| -0.3292 | 0.732594 | 1.593397 | 0.080699 |
employees, board members, shareholders and regulators if appropriate. With the current volume of ransomware payback, regulators are focusing on how to slow it down; make sure the relevant guidance hasn't changed prior to making a decision.
WOW, that is a big number! Please remember though, ransomware is nothing more than a type of malware. It's not a new attack method, it's a new monetization method, albeit a very profitable one, and thus the reason we are seeing exponential growth. Also remember there are other attacks just as costly but not nearly as public, such as CEO fraud. This attack method costs billions of dollars a year, but it's hardly in the news as companies rarely go public when it happens.
Bloomberg: CNA Financial Paid $40 Million in Ransom After March Cyberattack
SWFI Institute: CNA Financial Pays $40 Million in Ransom After Cyberattack
Dragos: Water Utility Watering Hole Found During Oldsmar Investigation
While investigating the Oldsmar Water Treatment facility cyberattack, Dragos found a "watering hole": malicious code hosted on a Florida water utility contractor's website. Although a city of Oldsmar browser had visited the WordPress-based site earlier in the day of the attack, it does not appear that the watering hole figured into the Oldsmar attack. "Dragos's best assessment is that an actor deployed the watering hole on the water infrastructure construction company site to collect legitimate browser data for the purpose of improving the botnet malware's ability to impersonate legitimate web browser activity."
This blog is an exploration of how sometimes intrusions don't align no matter the coincidence. It's a great learning style blog for intrusion/cyber threat intelligence analysts.
Do not worry too much about the attacks that you identify. Worry about the ones you do not see. In this case, the highly visible initial attack may have been a "good thing" as it started an investigation that revealed more stealthy unrelated attacks happening at the same time.
Dragos: When Intrusions Don't Align: A New Water Watering Hole and Oldsmar
Ars Technica: Florida water plant compromise came hours after worker visited malicious site
Cyberscoop: Botnet traced to computer at hacked Florida water plant
The Hacker News: Watering Hole Attack Was Used to Target Florida Water Utilities
Ransomware Hits New Zealand's Waikato District Health Board
A ransomware attack hit the network of Waikato District Health Board in New Zealand on Tuesday, May 18. Most of the organization's IT systems are down and hospitals are taking only urgent cases. Some elective surgeries are being postponed.
Even though we've seen announcements that ransomware operators are not going to target healthcare organizations, or other critical sectors, you cannot assume that you're no longer a target. Per DHB Chief Executive Kevin Snee, this attacked originated from a malicious email attachment. Emphasizing the need to validate both technical controls and UAT are where they need to be. Also make sure that your DR plans addresses routing customers to alternate providers while services are offline versus having them wait. Talk to those providers ahead of time if you're going to use that option, and offer reciprocal support to sweeten the pot.
The Register: New Zealand hospitals infected by ransomware, cancel some surgeries
Colonial Pipeline CEO Defends Paying Ransom
Colonial Pipeline CEO Joseph Blount acknowledged paying the $4.4 million ransom, saying it "was the right thing to do for the country." The attack was detected on May 7 and the ransom was paid later that same day. (Please note that the WSJ story is behind a paywall.)
The choice to pay is harder than ever. Double Encryption (multiple ransomware strains, with two payouts), extortion for exfiltrated information, or threats of cyber-attack for non-payment, let alone the desire to return to operation, make things complex. Hold a tabletop exercise to go analyze the landscape and determine at which point, if any, you'd make a payment and why. Include key stakeholders in the process and obtain management support. If applicable share with your regulator to determine what their response will be and adjust accordingly.
It appears
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CommonCrawl
| -0.24582 | 0.273178 | 0.947836 | 0.264107 |
from the limited reports, that Colonial Pipeline was not prepared for such an attack and did not have a plan for how to deal with it. While the decision to meet extortion demands is a business, rather than a security, decision, it should be done only in accordance with a plan made before the attack. This decision appears to have been made in the absence of any plan. Chainalysis reported last week that "Known payments to ransomware attackers rose 337% from 2019 to 2020, when they reached over $400 million worth of cryptocurrency. Attackers show no signs of slowing down in 2021, and have already taken in more than $81 million from victims so far."
ZDNet: Colonial Pipeline CEO: Paying DarkSide ransom was the 'right thing to do for the country'
Gov Infosecurity: Colonial Pipeline CEO Confirms $4.4 Million Ransom Payment
WSJ: Colonial Pipeline CEO Tells Why He Paid Hackers a $4.4 Million Ransom (paywall)
Ireland Healthcare System Ransomware Attack
The ransomware operators responsible for the attack against Ireland's Health Service Executive has released a free decryption key, but say they intend to expose patient data. The attackers also targeted Ireland's Department of Health, which managed to prevent the ransomware from executing. Officials say it will be "many weeks" before systems are fully restored.
The ransomware gang made a decryptor available for free after the HSE refused to pay. It isn't clear if the decryptor worked. But the data was leaked, and is now being used in scams. Scammers are calling individuals, pretending to be associated with healthcare providers, and are using personal data about recent medical procedures to trick victims into providing bank account access data. It is not clear if these scams are conducted by the ransomware gang or scavengers taking advantage of the data leaks. In addition to recovering from the technical impact of the breach, the Irish healthcare providers will have difficulties restoring trust with clients and recovering from these additional effects of the attacks.
Many weeks to restore services probably exceeds most of our RTO projections. The question is are you prepared for large scale system recovery? Do you have contracts in place to bring in help? Do you have documentation on how to rebuild components and what the interdependencies are? Is your recovery priority and order still accurate? Did you incorporate all those cloud services you've been migrating to? Conducing a formal exercise to recreate a system from the backup to include running a parallel business process is essential and a valuable learning experience.
Cyberscoop: Irish officials warn of ongoing disruptions to health system, long recovery following ransomware incident
Bleeping Computer: Conti ransomware gives HSE Ireland free decryptor, still selling data
Threatpost: Unsuccessful Conti Ransomware Attack Still Packs Costly Punch
ID Theft Resource Center: Notable April Breaches
The Identity Theft Resource Center's notable data breaches in April 2021 include the theft of personally identifiable information belonging to 132,000 GEICO customers, the exposure of private information belonging to 72,000 people participating in a Pennsylvania Department of health contact tracing program, and the compromise of personally identifiable information held by the ParkMobile parking app.
I've used the ITRC data for many years – it is "breach-centric" but has been using a consistent methodology over the years. The takeaway here: just because ransomware is getting all the press coverage, the most important issue is NOT pay ransom/don't pay, it is that the same weaknesses being exploited in ransomware attacks are continuing to enable breaches and many other forms of damaging attacks.
While health departments have been quietly doing contact tracing for generations, privacy concerns about its use have been raised in the light of the pandemic. A breach of this kind gives some credence to those concerns.
ID Theft Center: Geico Data Breach Could Lead to Unemployment Benefits Fraud
CISA Announces Firmware Mitigation Plan
In a presentation at the RSA Conference, officials from the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) announced a campaign to mitigate firmware vulnerabilities. The campaign'
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CommonCrawl
| -0.064796 | 0.641749 | 1.202474 | 0.474076 |
s goals include software bills of material that include the firmware level, vendors explaining the intent of system components, and code analysis.
Unlike the ingredients in food, when something goes bad on the SBOM it can be patched rather than recalled or disposed of. The trick is not only the continuous monitoring but also application of fixes in the field. Not just commodity desktops and servers but also IOT devices need to be actively monitored and updated. The consumer will need an "easy button" to succeed. I'm still trying to decide if I liked write-protected firmware better as updates are a lot easier, yet malicious code can also be written there.
Knowing what is supposed to be there improves one's ability to recognize what is not supposed to be there.
SC Magazine: DHS announces program to mitigate vulnerabilities below the operating system
RSA Execs May Now Talk About the 2011 Hack
The 2011 theft of SecurID seeds from RSA "was the original massive supply chain attack," writes Andy Greenberg. The 10-year non-disclosure agreements have expired, allowing RSA employees to tell their stories of the attack.
The RSA hack was enabled by a phishing attack against an employee who was running an outdated version of Windows and Microsoft Office, with no application control or privilege restrictions on external downloaded apps. The employee clicked on what looked like an internal spreadsheet and an Adobe Flash vulnerability was exploited and the game was over – sound familiar? Ten years later, the majority of attacks are enabled by these same failures in a small number of essential hygiene steps. Use any of the recent headline grabbers to get support from above to drive the well-known changes needed.
The question is, would this attack work today in your organization? Are your detection and response capabilities up to tracking malicious actors on your network? While the desired responses are obvious, make sure that your assumption is founded on real input and testing. Detection and response to attack needs to replace missing these entirely or finding out from someone else.
Wired: The Full Story of the Stunning RSA Hack Can Finally Be Told
Sophos Report: Cyberattackers' Dwell Time is Less Than Two Weeks
Sophos has published its Active Adversary Playbook 2021, a report that "details attacker behavior and impact as well as the tactics, techniques and procedures (TTPs) seen in the wild by Sophos' frontline threat hunters and incident responders." Among the findings: 30 percent of attacks involved Remote Desktop Protocol at the start, and attackers' median dwell time prior to detection was 11 days.
Some very good news! One of the key lessons I learned from Richard Bejtlich is that "attacker dwell time" should be a strategic security metric for almost every organization. As we all know, fool-proof prevention is not possible; cybersecurity is about resilience. Dwell time is a great way to measure that. Several years ago we were measuring dwell time in months, now it appears to be weeks.
This suggests that our goal should be to detect breaches in hours to days. Few enterprises have such a goal and fewer still are measuring and reporting results.
Sophos: The Active Adversary Playbook 2021
ZDNet: This is how long hackers will hide in your network before deploying ransomware or being spotted
International Student Health Insurance Data Breach
Guard.me, a Canadian company that provides health insurance to students traveling and studying abroad, has suffered a data breach that exposed personally identifiable information. Guard.me took down its website after detecting suspicious activity on May 12. The company has begun notifying affected students by email. The company's reporting and notification obligations will vary based on where each affected individual resides.
Bleeping Computer: Student health insurance carrier Guard.me suffers a data breach
Gov Infosecurity: International Student Health Insurer Breached
From RunDLL32 to JavaScript then PowerShell
https://isc.sans.edu/forums/diary/From+RunDLL32+to+JavaScript+then+PowerShell/27428/
May 2021 Forensic Contest: Answers and Analysis
https://isc.sans.edu/forums/diary/May+2021+Forensic+Contest+Answers+and+Analysis/27430/
New YouTube Video
|
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CommonCrawl
| 0.269063 | 0.883137 | 1.844448 | 1.15458 |
Conquest - 14: Hereward's Fenland Rising - William's Siege of Ely, Winter 1070-71
Alan R Lancaster
Alan likes to share his interest in early Mediaeval English history. Take this trip back in time to look into a little-known episode
Hereward had many kinsmen in East Anglia and Middle England...
With his Dane axe an insurgent dispatches one of the Normans - this could be one of Hereward's kinsmen on his father's side, Siward 'Blond', Siward 'Red', Skalpi, Outig or Dutig...
www.tageswoche.ch
A setback for the Normans - Hereward staged lightning raids on the besiegers with men chosen by him for their skills in fenland warfare
blackgate.com
Hereward before and after the Conquest
Hereward had been offered bookland by the abbot of Crowland Abbey a few years before the Conquest. For some reason he did not take up the offer and left for Flanders - modern-day Belgium - into self-imposed exile. He had a name as a warrior and took mercenary service with Count Baldwin V, entering the Scheldt under the command of Baldwin's son, Robert 'the Frisian' to exact taxes from the islanders in the estuary. The invasion was repulsed by the uncanny intervention of St. Willibrord.
Be that as it may, Herward's career was projected by military contests in Bruges and Poitiers - this must be in the form of early jousting - and he was awarded prizes. He may have been attracted in 1065 to St. Omer on the coast by the presence of the former earl, Tostig, who was for a short time deputy to the castellan of the town, Wulfric Rabel. St. Omer was also the refuge of Tostig's and Harold's mother Gytha in 1068 after the fall of Exeter to William. He met his first wife here, Turfrida, daughter or sister to Wulfric.
Hereward came back to England some time after the battle at Hastings and avenged the death of his younger brother. The Normans had hanged the young fellow in his home and were in the process of enjoying the fruits of their 'labours' when Hereward showed up. He lay about with his Dane axe and left the Normans where they lay, taking down his brother and having him buried by local Benedictine friars. Hereward had a number of loyal followers who went with him to Peterborough, and who were instrumental in the sack of the abbey to deny the treasures stored there to William's Norman appointee Turold to the abbacy after Abbot Brand's death in 1069.
Turold arrived at Peterborough to find a smoking ruin, almost all the monks gone with the Danes under their king, Svein Estrithsson, and Hereward at large. Rumours abounded that, like his brother Jarl Osbeorn the year before, Svein had been given a 'sop' by William and took Peterborough's treasures as well as a number of the Brothers from the abbey by their request.
Hereward and his friends fortified Ely island and held off numerous attacks as I shall outline briefly. Firstly, I'll introduce you to the Norman magnates who were aligned against Hereward and the rebels:
William fitzRobert (the king); William fitzOsbern, the king's oldest friend whose father died defending the young duke in Normandy; Ivo Taillebois, shire reeve of Lincoln whom Hereward confronted at Stamford; Abbot Turold of Peterborough (earlier 'Burh') with his knights; Ogier the Breton, the new Lord of Bourne who was give the lands Hereward would have held from the Church; Frederik 'the Fleming' of Oosterzele, brother-in-law of William de Warenne, killed in ambush by Hereward; William Malet, former shire reeve of York, also killed somewhere in the marshes.
The English And The Norman Conquest, Ann Williams
see below
A thorough-going and interesting overview of England after the coronation of William. Uprisings abound across the kingdom, but there is no concerted opposition. William's reactions to the risings
|
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CommonCrawl
| 0.667792 | 0.636558 | 1.855207 | 0.64104 |